Annual Report to Congress 

on Federal Government 

Energy Management and 

Conservation Programs 

Fiscal Year 2007 

January 27, 2010 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Assistant Secretary, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 

Federal Energy Management Program 

Washington, DC 20585

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS................................ 1 

A. EPACT 2005 Goal Buildings........................................................................................ 4 

B. Excluded Buildings ....................................................................................................... 5 

C. Vehicles and Equipment ............................................................................................... 6

II. Federal Government Energy Management Performance in FY 2007 ............................... 8

A. Overview of Federal Energy Management Policy and Mandates ................................ 8 

B. Energy Performance Requirement for Federal Buildings ........................................... 11 

C. Greenhouse Gas Reduction ......................................................................................... 14 

D. Renewable Energy Use ............................................................................................... 17 

E. Petroleum Reduction ................................................................................................... 19 

F. Primary Energy Use .................................................................................................... 22 

G. Water Conservation .................................................................................................... 25 

H. Investments in Energy Efficiency ............................................................................... 28 

1. Direct Appropriations ............................................................................................... 28 

2. Energy Savings Performance Contracts.................................................................... 28 

3. Utility Energy Service Contracts .............................................................................. 32

III. INTERAGENCY EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION ......................................................... 33 

A. Federal Coordination .................................................................................................. 33 

B. Training ....................................................................................................................... 33 

C. Awards and Recognition ............................................................................................. 34 

D. Public Education Programs ......................................................................................... 35

IV. FEDERAL AGENCY ENERGY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES...................................... 37 

A. Department of Agriculture .......................................................................................... 37 

B. Department of Commerce ........................................................................................... 40 

C. Department of Defense ............................................................................................... 42 

D. Department of Energy ................................................................................................. 46 

E. Department of Health and Human Services ................................................................ 49 

F. Department of Homeland Security ............................................................................. 52 

G. Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................................... 55 

H. Department of the Interior .......................................................................................... 57 

I. Department of Justice ................................................................................................. 60 

J. Department of Labor ................................................................................................... 61 

K. Department of State .................................................................................................... 63 

L. Department of Transportation ..................................................................................... 65 

M. Department of the Treasury ........................................................................................ 68 

N. Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................................................. 70 

O. Environmental Protection Agency .............................................................................. 72 

P. General Services Administration ................................................................................ 74 

Q. National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................................................ 77 

i 
R. National Archives and Records Administration ......................................................... 80 

S. Railroad Retirement Board ......................................................................................... 81 

T. Social Security Administration ................................................................................... 83 

U. Tennessee Valley Authority ........................................................................................ 85 

V. United States Postal Service ....................................................................................... 87

APPENDIX A ............................................................................................................................... 89

APPENDIX B ............................................................................................................................... 98 

APPENDIX C ............................................................................................................................. 106 

TABLES 

Table 1 Federal Goal Buildings Site-Delivered Energy Use per 

Gross Square Foot (Btu/GSF), FY 2003 and FY 2007 ........................................ 13 

Table 2 Estimated Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane and 

Nitrous Oxide from Goal Building Energy Use, by Agency ................................ 15 

Table 3 Estimated Emissions of Carbon Dioxide, Methane and 

Nitrous Oxide from Goal Building Energy Use, by Agency ................................ 16 

Table 4 Federal Agency Use of Renewable Electric Energy as a Percentage of 

Facility Electricity Use, FY 2007 ......................................................................... 17 

Table 5 Federal Petroleum Usage in FY 2007 ................................................................... 19 

Table 6 Petroleum-Based Fuel Consumption in Goal-Subject Buildings.......................... 21 

Table 7 Primary Energy Use in EPACT 2005 Goal-Subject Buildings ............................ 23 

Table 8 Federal Goal-Subject Buildings Primary Energy Use per Gross Square Foot 

(Btu/GSF), FY 2003 and FY 2007 ........................................................................ 24 

Table 9 FY 2007 Agency Water Consumption Intensity and Costs .................................. 26 

Table 10 Investment in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in FY 2007 ................. 29 

Table 11-A Agency Direct Expenditures for Energy Efficiency Projects, 

FY 1985 through FY 2007 (Thousands of Nominal (As-Spent) Dollars) ........... 30 

Table 11-B Agency Direct Expenditures for Energy Efficiency Projects, 

FY 1985 through FY 2007 (Thousands of Constant 2007 Dollars) ..................... 31 

Table 12 Energy Savings Performance Contracts, Delivery Orders, and Contract 

Modifications Awarded by Federal Agencies in FY 2007 ................................... 32 

Table 13 Utility Energy Service Contracts and Delivery Orders Awarded by Federal 

 Agencies in FY 2007 ........................................................................................... 32

Table 14 2007 Federal Energy and Water Management Awards by Group and Type ....... 34 

Table A-1 Total Primary Energy Consumption by Federal Agencies ................................... 90 

Table A-2 Total Site-Delivered Energy Consumption by Federal Agencies ......................... 91 

Table A-3 Site-Delivered Energy Consumption in Federal Goal Buildings .......................... 92 

Table A-4 Consumption and Costs of Federal Goal Buildings Energy 

by Fuel Type in FY 2007, FY 2006, and FY 2003 ............................................... 93 

Table A-5 Energy Consumption, Costs, and Gross Square Footage of Federal 

Goal-Excluded Buildings, FY 2007 ...................................................................... 94 

Table A-6 Consumption and Costs of Federal Goal-Excluded Buildings 

by Fuel Type FY 2007 .......................................................................................... 94 

Table A-7 Federal Energy Consumption in Vehicle and Equipment Operations .................. 95 

ii 
iii 

Table A-8 Consumption and Costs of Vehicle and Equipment Energy 

by Fuel Type in FY 2007 ...................................................................................... 96 

Table A-9 Federal Energy Expenditures, FY 1985–FY 2007 ................................................ 97 

FIGURES 

Figure 1 Federal Energy Consumption by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector, FY 2007 .......... 3 

Figure 2 Federal Energy Costs by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector, FY 2007 ....................... 4 

Figure 3 Overall Government Progress toward Facility Energy Efficiency Goals, 

FY 2003 through FY 2007 .................................................................................... 11 

Figure 4 Individual Agency Reductions in Btu per Square Foot of Goal Building Space 

in FY 2007 Compared to FY 2003 ....................................................................... 12 

Figure 5 Renewable Electric Energy Use as a Percentage of Facility Electricity Use, 

FY 2007 ................................................................................................................ 18 

Figure 6 Petroleum-Based Fuel Consumption in Federal EPACT 2005 

Goal Buildings; 1985, 1990, and 1995 through 2007 .......................................... 19 

Figure 7 FY 2007 Federal Agency Water Intensity ............................................................ 27 

Figure 8 Investment in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 

FY 2003 to FY 2007 (Millions of As-Spent Dollars) ........................................... 29 
 E-1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This report on Federal energy management for fiscal year (FY) 2007 provides information on energy 

consumption in Federal buildings, operations, and vehicles and documents activities conducted by Federal 

agencies under: 

 The energy management requirements of section 543 of the National Energy Conservation Policy 

Act (NECPA), as amended (42 U.S.C. § 8253), including the energy consumption reduction 

requirements; 

 The energy savings performance contract authority of Title VIII of NECPA (42 U.S.C. § 8287-

8287d); 

 The renewable energy purchase goal under section 203 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 

(EPACT 2005) (42 U.S.C. 15852); 

 The energy management training requirements of section 157 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 

(EPACT 1992) (42 U.S.C. § 8262c); and 

 Executive Order 13423 of January 24, 2007, “Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and 

Transportation Management”. (72 FR 3919; January 24, 2007) 

The energy management requirements of the Energy Security and Independence Act of 2007 (Pub. L. No. 

110-140; EISA), signed into law on December 19, 2007, will be addressed in the annual report for FY 

2008. 

OVERVIEW OF CONSUMPTION AND COSTS 

 Based on reports submitted to the Department of Energy (DOE) by 30 Federal agencies, the total 

primary energy consumption of the Government of the United States, including energy consumed to 

produce, process, and transport energy, was approximately 1.6 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) 

or “quads” during FY 2007. 

o These 1.6 quads, consumed by the Government in buildings and operations to provide 

essential services to its citizens, including the defense of the Nation, represent approximately 

1.5 percent of the total 101.6 quads used in the United States. 

o In total, the Federal Government is the single largest energy consumer in the Nation, although 

its consumption is widely dispersed geographically. 

o The total primary energy consumption in FY 2007 was 16.0 percent less than in FY 1985, 3.7 

percent less than in FY 2003, and 0.6 percent more than in FY 2006. The increase from the 

prior year was largely attributable to increased utilization of military aircraft and vehicles. 

 When measured in terms of energy delivered to the point of use or site-delivered energy consumption, 

the Government consumed almost 1.1 quads (1,085.3 trillion Btu) during FY 2007. 

o The total site-delivered energy consumption in FY 2007 was 25.2 percent less than in FY 

1985, 4.5 percent less than in FY 2003, and 1.3 percent more than in FY 2006. Again, the 

increase from the prior year was largely attributable to increased utilization of military 

aircraft and vehicles. 

 The total cost of the 1.1 quads was $17.1 billion in FY 2007 and represented approximately 0.6 

percent of the total Federal expenditures of $2.730 trillion for all purposes in FY 2007. 

o In constant 2007 dollars, this equates to an increase of 57.0 percent from $10.9 billion in FY 

2003 to $17.1 billion in FY 2007 (Table A-9). 

o During that same period, the unit cost of all fuel types used increased 64.4 percent, from 

$9.61 per million Btu in FY 2003 to $15.80 per million Btu in FY 2007. 

o Compared to FY 2006, the combined unit costs of all fuels decreased 6.5 percent in FY 2007. 

Contributing to the overall decrease in unit costs from the prior year were lower prices paid 

by the Government for: 
 E-2

 Jet fuel (16.1 percent decrease), 

 Gasoline (3.0 percent decrease), and 

 Natural gas (13.1 percent decrease). 

 Federal agencies now report energy consumption under three end-use sectors: 

o Buildings subject to the energy reduction requirements of NECPA, as amended by section 

102 of the EPACT 2005 (“goal buildings”); 

o Buildings excluded from the energy reduction requirements of NECPA, as amended by 

section 102 of EPACT 2005 (“goal-excluded buildings”―see discussion in Section I(B), 

page 5 for explanation of what buildings may be excluded); and 

o Vehicles and equipment. 

 Total Federal energy consumption and costs in FY 2007 are summarized below by end-use sector: 

Energy Use Trillion Btu 

Goal Buildings 353.5 

Excluded Buildings 38.6 

Vehicles & Equipment 693.2 

Total 1,085.3 

 

Energy Cost $Billion 

Goal Buildings $5.8 

Excluded Buildings $0.7 

Vehicles & Equipment $10.7 

Total $17.1 

GOVERNMENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE IN FY 2007 

Energy Performance Requirement for Federal Buildings 

 Taking into account credits for purchases of renewable energy and for projects that save primary 

energy, but increase site-delivered energy, the Federal Government decreased energy use per 

gross square foot by 11.1 percent in fiscal year 2007 relative to fiscal year 2003 for buildings 

subject to the NECPA energy reduction requirement. Based strictly on total site energy use per 

gross square foot (excluding renewable energy purchases and primary energy savings from 

improved generating efficiency), the Government cut its energy intensity by 7.5 percent. 

 Using either accounting method, the Government surpassed the NECPA energy reduction 

requirement of a 4 percent reduction and the Executive Order 13423 goal of a 6 percent 

reduction. 

 The EISA amendments adopt the Executive Order goals of 3 percent reductions per year starting 

in FY 2008. 

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reduction 

 Compared to FY 2003, estimated emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide from 

energy use in Federal buildings subject to the NECPA energy reduction requirement decreased 9.4 

percent, from 47.1 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E) to 42.7 MTCO2E in 

FY 2007. 

o Twenty agencies showed reductions in GHG emissions during the period in this estimation. 
 E-3

Use of Renewable Energy 

 FY 2007 is the first year for reporting under the new renewable energy goals in the section 203 

EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 13423. 

o The section 203 of EPACT 2005 goal states that the Secretary shall seek to ensure that of the 

total amount of electric energy the Federal Government consumes during any fiscal year, not 

less than 3 percent in fiscal years 2007 through 2009 shall be renewable energy. 

 The section 203 of EPACT 2005 goal also provide a bonus to Federal agencies by 

allowing them to double count renewable energy if it is produced on-site and used at 

a Federal facility, produced on Federal lands and used at a Federal facility, or 

produced on Indian land and used at a Federal facility. 

o Executive Order 13423 requires that agencies ensure that: 

 at least half of the statutorily required renewable energy purchased or consumed by 

the agency in a fiscal year comes from new renewable sources (put in service since 

1999), and 

 to the extent feasible, the agency implements renewable energy generation projects 

on agency property for agency use. 

o Federal agencies met these goals by purchasing or producing the equivalent of 2,774.0 

gigawatthours of goal-eligible renewable electric energy in FY 2007, equivalent to 4.9 

percent of the Federal Government’s electricity use of 56,496.9 gigawatthours. 

Petroleum Reduction in Buildings 

 Federal agencies have made significant progress in reducing their dependence on fuel oil and 

LPG/propane in their buildings. 

o Federal agencies reduced petroleum-based fuels by 74.7 percent in FY 2007 compared to FY 

1985, from 118.8 trillion Btu to 30.1 trillion Btu. 

o Compared to FY 2003, use of these fuels fell by 30.3 percent. 

Investments in Energy Efficiency 

 During FY 2007, Federal agencies had three primary options for financing energy efficiency, water 

conservation, and renewable energy projects in buildings: 

o Direct appropriated funding, 

o Energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs), and 

o Utility energy service contracts (UESCs). 

 Known funding from the three sources totaled approximately $640.3 million in FY 2007. 

o Direct appropriations accounted for approximately $335.3 million. 

o ESPC contract awards by agencies resulted in approximately $165.9 million in estimated 

project investment in FY 2007 

 ($144.4 million from DOE Super ESPC delivery orders and $21.5 million from other 

agency ESPCs), and 

o Approximately $139.1 million in project investment came from UESCs. 

 The total funding of $640.3 million in FY 2007 is slightly lower than the $666 million invested in 

fiscal year 2006 and the $720 million committed in FY 2003, but substantially higher than the total 

investments made in FY 2004 and FY 2005 which were lower due to a lapse in ESPC authority. 

 Since 2003, the Government has invested approximately $2.8 billion in energy efficiency, $1,256.7 

million of which was direct agency expenditures, $1,068.2 million was from ESPCs and $478.1 

million was from UESCs.
 1

 

I. OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COSTS 

This report on Federal energy management for 

fiscal year (FY) 2007 provides information on 

energy consumption in Federal buildings, operations, and vehicles and documents activities 

conducted by Federal agencies to meet the 

statutory requirements under: 

• The energy management requirements of 

section 543 of the National Energy 

Conservation Policy Act (NECPA), as 

amended (42 U.S.C. § 8253); 

• The energy savings performance contract 

authority of Title VIII of NECPA (42 U.S.C. § 

8287-8287d); 

• The renewable energy purchase requirement 

under section 203 of the Energy Policy Act of 

2005 (EPACT 2005) (42 U.S.C. 15852); 

• The energy management training requirements 

of section 157 of the Energy Policy Act of 

1992 (EPACT 1992) (42 U.S.C. § 8262c); and 

• Executive Order 13423 of January 24, 2007, 

“Strengthening Federal Environmental, 

Energy, and Transportation Management”. 

(72 FR 3919; January 24, 2007) 

The energy management requirements of the 

Energy Security and Independence Act of 2007 

(Pub. L. No. 110-140; EISA), signed into law on 

December 19, 2007, will be addressed in the 

annual report for FY 2008. 

Based on reports submitted to the Department of 

Energy (DOE) by 30 Federal agencies, the total 

primary energy consumption of the Government of 

the United States, including energy consumed to 

produce, process, and transport energy, was 

approximately 1.6 quadrillion British thermal units 

(Btu) or “quads” during FY 2007 (see Table A-1 

in Appendix A, Energy Consumption and Cost 

Detail Tables).1

 These 1.6 quads, consumed by 

 

1

Primary energy consumption considers all energy 

resources used to generate and transport electricity and 

steam. Tables 7, 8, and A-1 show primary energy 

consumption while the rest of the tables in the report 

reflect site-delivered consumption. See Appendix B for 

information on energy conversion factors.

the Government in buildings and operations to 

provide essential services to its citizens, including 

the defense of the Nation, represent approximately 

1.5 percent of the total 101.6 quads2

 used in the 

United States. In total, the Federal Government is 

the single largest energy consumer in the Nation, 

although its consumption is widely dispersed 

geographically. The total primary energy consumption in FY 2007 was 16.0 percent less than in 

FY 1985, 3.7 percent less than in FY 2003, and 0.6 

percent more than in FY 2006. 

When measured in terms of energy delivered to 

the point of use or site-delivered energy 

consumption, the Government consumed almost 

1.1 quads (1,085,259.1 billion Btu) during FY 

2007 (Table A-2). Unless otherwise noted, this 

report uses the site-measured conversion factors to 

convert common units for electricity and steam to 

British thermal units (Btu). The total site-delivered 

energy consumption in FY 2007 was 25.2 percent 

less than in FY 1985, 4.5 percent less than in FY 

2003, and 1.3 percent more than in FY 2006. 

The total cost of the 1.1 quads was $17.1 billion in 

FY 2007 and represented approximately 0.6 

percent of the total Federal expenditures of $2.730 

trillion3

 for all purposes in FY 2007.4 In constant 

2007 dollars, this equates to an increase of 57.0 

percent from $10.9 billion in FY 2003 to $17.1 

billion in FY 2007 (Table A-12). 

2

DOE/EIA, Monthly Energy Review May 2008, Table 

1.1. www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/pdf/pages/sec1_3.pdf 

3

Analytical Perspectives, Budget of the United States 

Government, Fiscal Year 2009

4

Unless otherwise noted, all costs cited in this report 

are in constant 2007 dollars, calculated using Gross 

Domestic Product implicit price deflators. See Bureau 

of Economic Analysis web site, www.bea.gov/bea/dn/

gdplev.xls. Costs noted as nominal dollars reflect the 

price paid at the time of the transaction and have not 

been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the 

spending power of the dollar.
During that same period, the unit cost of all fuel 

types used increased 64.4 percent, from $9.61 per 

million Btu in FY 2003 to $15.80 per million Btu 

in FY 2007. 

Compared to FY 2006, the combined unit costs of 

all fuels decreased 6.5 percent in FY 2007. 

Contributing to the overall decrease in unit costs 

from the prior year were lower prices paid by the 

Government for: 

• Jet fuel (16.1 percent decrease), 

• Gasoline (3.0 percent decrease), and 

• Natural gas (13.1 percent decrease). 

In addition to prices and Federal energy 

management activities, many other variables 

contribute to changes in annual energy use and 

costs, including changes in square footage, 

building stock, weather, tempo of operations, fuel 

mix, and vehicle, naval, and aircraft fleet 

composition. 

In FY 2007, the Department of Defense (DOD) 

spent almost $13.2 billion for energy out of the 

total Federal energy expenditure of $17.1 billion 

or 76.9 percent. Overall, DOD used 2.5 percent 

more site-delivered energy in FY 2007 than in FY 

2006. 

Figures 1 and 2 depict the percentage of total 

energy used by the Federal Government in FY 

2007 and its cost. As illustrated, jet fuel and 

electricity account for approximately 60.3 percent 

of the total energy consumption represented in 

Figure 1 and approximately 67.2 percent of the 

total energy costs in Figure 2. 

Federal agencies now report energy consumption 

under three end-use sectors: 

1) Buildings subject to the energy reduction 

requirements of NECPA, as amended by 

section 102 of EPACT 2005 (“goal 

buildings”); 

2) Buildings excluded from the energy reduction 

requirements of NECPA, as amended by 

section 102 of EPACT 2005 (“goal-excluded 

buildings”); and 

3) Vehicles and equipment. 

Total Federal energy consumption and costs are 

summarized below by end-use sector: 

Energy Use Trillion Btu Percentage 

Goal Buildings 353.5 32.6% 

Excluded Buildings 38.6 3.6% 

Vehicles & Equipment 693.2 63.9% 

Total 1,085.3 100.0% 

 

Energy Cost $Billion Percentage 

Goal Buildings $5.8 33.8% 

Excluded Buildings $0.7 4.1% 

Vehicles & Equipment $10.7 62.2% 

Total $17.1 100.0% 

2 
Figure 1 

Federal Energy Consumption by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector, FY 2007

Total by Energy Type: 1.10 quads 

ELECTRICITY

17.8%

JET FUEL

42.5%

NATURAL GAS

12.1%

NAVY SPECIAL

9.0%

OTHER

16.0% FUEL OIL

2.6%

Total by End-Use Sector: 1.10 quads

GOAL 

BUILDINGS

32.6%

VEHICLES

63.9%

EXCLUDED 

FACILITIES

3.6%

Goal Buildings: 0.35 quads 

NATURAL GAS

34.4%

ELECTRICITY

47.9%

OTHER

5.1%

COAL

4.9% FUEL OIL

7.8%

Excluded Facilities: 0.04 quads

OTHER

2.7%

COAL

8.0%

FUEL OIL

3.2%

ELECTRICITY

62.0%

NATURAL GAS

24.2%

Vehicles & Equipment: 0.69 quads

OTHER

0.5%

JET FUEL

66.5%

GASOLINE

6.6%

DIST/DIESEL

12.2%

NAVY SPECIAL

14.2%

3 
Figure 2 

Federal Energy Costs by Fuel Type and End-Use Sector, FY 2007

Total by End-Use Sector: $17.1 Billion

GOAL 

BUILDINGS

33.8%

VEHICLES

62.2%

EXCLUDED 

FACILITIES

4.1%

Total by Energy Type: $17.1 Billion

FUEL OIL

2.4%

JET FUEL

41.5%

ELECTRICITY

25.7%

OTHER

15.8%

NAVY SPECIAL

7.7%

NATURAL GAS

6.9%

Goal Buildings: $5.8 Billion

COAL

1.0%

NATURAL GAS

18.9%

ELECTRICITY

66.5%

OTHER

6.6%

FUEL OIL

7.0%

Excluded Facilities: $0.7 Billion

FUEL OIL

2.4%

ELECTRICITY

79.7%

NATURAL GAS

13.1%

COAL

0.1%

OTHER

4.6%

Vehicles & Equipment: $10.7 Billion

DIST/DIESEL

11.9%

OTHER

0.5%

JET FUEL

66.8%

GASOLINE

8.5%

NAVY SPECIAL

12.3%

4 
A. EPACT 2005 Goal Buildings 

Formerly, Federal agencies reported energy 

consumption separately for standard buildings and 

for industrial, laboratory, and other energy 

intensive facilities. Under the EPACT 2005 

amendments to NECPA, these two end-use sectors 

are now combined for the purpose of the required 

performance measurement and are referred to in 

this report as “goal buildings.” (42 U.S.C. 

8253(a)(1) and (2)) Below is an overview of 

energy consumption and costs in goal buildings. 

See Section II for the discussion on required 

performance. 

In FY 2007, the Federal Government used 353.5 

trillion Btu to provide energy to 3.0 billion square 

feet of building space subject to the energy 

consumption reduction requirements of NECPA 

(42 U.S.C. 8253(a)(1)) (Table A-3). This 

consumption represents a 28.6 percent decrease 

compared to FY 1985, a 7.7 percent decrease 

relative to FY 2003, and a 3.1 percent decrease 

from FY 2006. The significant drop from FY 1985 

reflects the success of Federal energy management 

efforts in reducing fossil fuel use in Federal 

buildings as well as reduced defense-related 

facility energy use (43.0 percent less than FY 

1985). The cost of energy for goal buildings in FY 

2007 was $5.8 billion, a decrease of approximately 

$159.3 million from FY 2006 expenditures, and an 

increase of 20.8 percent from the FY 2003 

expenditure of $4.8 billion (Table A-4).5

 Of the 

$5.8 billion spent for energy used in the goal 

buildings, $3,155.9 million was spent by DOD 

with the remaining $2,635.0 million spent by the 

civilian agencies. 

The 353.5 trillion Btu used in goal buildings 

comprised approximately 32.6 percent of the total 

1.1 quads used by the Federal Government. 

Electricity constitutes 47.9 percent of the energy 

used in goal buildings; 34.4 percent is accounted 

for by natural gas, 7.8 percent by fuel oil, and 4.9 

percent by coal. Small amounts of purchased 

 

5

Cost and consumption figures for prior years may be 

different from those published in last year’s annual 

report since Federal agencies update their files and 

provide revisions to their data.

steam, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)/ propane, 

and “other” energy account for the remaining 5.1 

percent. 

B. Excluded Buildings 

Under the EPACT 2005 amendments, an agency 

may exclude from the “goal buildings” any 

building, and the associated energy consumption 

and gross square footage, in which energy 

intensive activities are carried out. (42 U.S.C. 

8253(a)(2)) Additionally, an agency may exclude, 

from the energy performance requirement any 

Federal building or collection of Federal buildings, 

if the head of the agency finds that— 

(i) compliance with those requirements would 

be impracticable; 

(ii) the agency has completed and submitted 

all federally required energy management 

reports; 

(iii) the agency has achieved compliance with 

the energy efficiency requirements of this 

chapter, the Energy Policy Act of 1992, 

Executive orders, and other Federal law; and 

(iv) the agency has implemented all 

practicable, life cycle cost-effective projects 

with respect to the Federal building or 

collection of Federal buildings to be excluded. 

(42 U.S.C. 8253(c)(1)(A)) 

As required by the EPACT 2005 amendments to 

NECPA, the Department of Energy’s Federal 

Energy Management Program (FEMP) finalized 

and promulgated on January 27, 2006 the

Guidelines Establishing Criteria for Excluding 

Buildings from the Energy Performance Requirements of Section 543 of the National Energy 

Conservation Policy Act. (42 U.S.C. 8253(c)(3)) 

These guidelines were developed through an 

interagency working group process under the 

auspices of the Federal Interagency Energy 

Management Task Force which subsequently 

concurred with the final product. The Guidelines

are available at: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/ 

femp/pdfs/exclusion_criteria.pdf. 

Thirteen agencies, DOD, DOE, the Departments 

of Commerce, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, State, Transportation, and the 

Treasury; the National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration (NASA); the General Services 

5 
Administration (GSA); the International Broadcast 

Bureau; the U.S. Postal Service; and the 

Tennessee Valley Authority have chosen to 

exclude buildings from energy management 

requirements. These buildings are listed at: 

www.eere.energy.gov/femp/ pdfs/excludedfac06.pdf. 

In general, excluded buildings are comprised of 

structures and processes that are not qualified as 

Federal buildings, buildings under construction or 

renovation, and certain types of leased space. For 

example: 

• Structures such as outside parking garages 

which consume essentially only lighting 

energy, yet are classed as buildings, 

• Federal ships that consume “Cold Iron 

Energy,” (energy used to supply power and 

heat to ships docked in port) and airplanes or 

other vehicles that are supplied with utilityprovided energy, 

• Buildings entering or leaving the inventory 

during the year, buildings down-scaled operationally to prepare for decontamination, 

decommissioning and disposal, and buildings 

undergoing major renovation, 

• Leased space where the Government may pay 

for some energy but not all or the space 

comprises only part of a building, and 

• Separately-metered energy-intensive loads that 

are driven by mission and operational requirements, not necessarily buildings, and not 

influenced by conventional building energy 

conservation measures. 

If none of the circumstances above apply, then 

NECPA requires each agency seeking to exclude 

buildings to demonstrate that for the building 

being excluded: 

• Energy reduction requirements are impracticable, 

• All Federally-required energy management 

reports have been completed and submitted, 

• Agency has achieved compliance with all 

energy efficiency requirements, and 

• All practicable, life cycle cost-effective 

projects have been implemented at the 

excluded building(s) 

Agency-specific details pertaining to their excluded buildings are described in Section III of 

this report. 

Energy used in excluded buildings totaled 38.6 

trillion Btu in FY 2007 (Table A-5), approximately 3.6 percent of the total 1.1 quads used by 

the Federal Government. Electricity constitutes 

62.0 percent of the energy used in excluded 

buildings, 24.2 percent is accounted for by natural 

gas, 8.0 percent by coal, and 3.2 percent by fuel 

oil. Small amounts of purchased steam, liquefied 

petroleum gas (LPG)/ propane, and “other” energy 

account for the remaining 2.7 percent. 

The energy used in excluded buildings in FY 2007 

accounted for 4.0 percent of the total Federal 

energy bill. The Federal Government spent approximately $696.9 million for this category’s 

energy during the fiscal year (Table A-6). 

C. Vehicles and Equipment 

Vehicles and equipment energy includes aircraft 

and naval fuels, automotive gasoline, diesel fuel 

consumed by Federally-owned and leased vehicles 

and privately-owned vehicles used for official business, and the energy used in Federal construction. 

In FY 2007, the Federal Government used 

approximately 693.2 trillion Btu of energy in 

vehicles and equipment, 63.9 percent of the total 

1.1 quads consumed (Table A-7). Total energy 

consumption in vehicles and equipment decreased 

25.8 percent relative to FY 1985 and increased 3.7 

percent from the FY 2006 consumption of 668.7 

trillion Btu. DOD consumed 646.5 trillion Btu or 

93.3 percent of all vehicles and equipment energy 

used by the Federal Government. 

The Federal Government spent $10.7 billion on 

vehicles and equipment energy in FY 2007 (Table 

A-9), over $813.8 million less than the FY 2006 

6 
7 

expenditure, a 7.1 percent decrease in constant 

dollars. For all fuels, the cost per million Btu 

decreased from $17.15 in FY 2006 to $15.37 in 

FY 2007 (Table A-9). The unit cost of the mostused fuel, jet fuel, decreased 16.1 percent from the 

previous year. Gasoline prices paid by the 

Government decreased 3.0 percent from the 

previous year. 

Consumption of alternative fuels and progress 

toward the EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 

goals for Federal fleet vehicles is addressed in the 

report, Federal Fleet Compliance with EPACT and 

E.O. 13149, Fiscal Year 2007, available at 

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/epa

ct/pdfs/2007_fed_fleet_report.pdf. 

In FY 2007, Federal agencies reported using 

1,719.6 billion Btu of alternative fuels at a cost of 

$32.7 million. Alternative fuels comprise 0.2 

percent of the Government’s energy consumption 

in vehicles and equipment and 0.3 percent of the 

costs.
II. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT 

PERFORMANCE IN FY 2007 

A. Overview of Federal Energy 

Management Policy and Mandates 

Energy Intensity Reduction Goal 

The National Energy Conservation Policy Act 

(NECPA), as amended, requires Federal agencies 

to improve energy management in their facilities 

and operations. (42 U.S.C. 8253) Amendments to 

NECPA made by the Federal Energy Management 

Improvement Act of 1988 (Pub. L. No. 100-615), 

required each agency to achieve a 10 percent 

reduction in energy consumption in its Federal 

buildings by FY 1995, when measured against a 

FY 1985 baseline on a Btu-per-gross-square-foot 

(Btu/GSF) basis. It also directed DOE to establish 

life-cycle costing methods and coordinate Federal 

conservation activities through the Interagency 

Energy Management Task Force. Section 543 of 

NECPA contained provisions requiring a 

reduction in Btu/GSF of 20 percent by 2000, lifecycle cost methods and procedures, budget 

treatment for energy conservation measures, 

incentives for Federal facility energy managers, 

reporting requirements, new technology 

demonstrations, and agency surveys of energysaving potential. 

Section 102 of EPACT 2005 re-established the 

statutory energy reduction requirement for Federal 

buildings. Since FY 2000, the Government has 

been measuring its progress in this area against 

Executive Order goals that were an extension of 

the prior goals using a 1985 base year for 

comparison. The requirement as established under 

EPACT 2005 uses a base year of FY 2003 and 

requires reductions of 2 percent per year in energy 

use per square foot, leading to a 20 percent 

reduction in the FY 2015. The requirement 

includes industrial, laboratory, and other energy 

intensive facilities. 

Section 102 of EPACT 2005 also amended 

NECPA to update the criteria for exclusion of 

buildings from the energy efficiency goals 

requirement based on findings by the head of the 

agency relating to implementation of all life-cycle 

cost-effective projects, energy intensiveness, and 

national security functions. (42 U.S.C. 8253(c)(1)) 

Section 543(c)(3) of NECPA states that the 

Secretary of Energy shall issue guidelines that 

establish criteria for exclusions from the energy 

performance requirement for a fiscal year, any 

Federal building or collection of Federal buildings, 

within the statutory framework provided by the 

law. (42 U.S.C. 8253(c)(3)) 

On January 27, 2006, DOE issued the Guidelines 

Establishing Criteria for Excluding Buildings from 

the Energy Performance Requirements of Section 

543 of the National Energy Conservation Policy 

Act as Amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005. 

These guidelines were developed through an 

interagency working group process under the auspices of the Federal Interagency Energy Management Task Force. See www.eere.energy.gov/femp/ 

pdfs/exclusion_criteria.pdf. 

On January 24, 2007, President George W. Bush 

signed Executive Order 13423, Strengthening 

Federal Environmental, Energy, and 

Transportation Management. Section 2 of the 

Order set more challenging goals than the EPACT 

2005 amendments, requiring a 3 percent reduction 

in energy intensity per year (beginning in FY 

2006) and leading to a 30 percent reduction in 

2015 compared to the FY 2003 base year. The 

goal for FY 2007 is a 6 percent reduction. 

On December 19, 2007, President George W. 

Bush signed into law the Energy Security and 

Independence Act of 2007 (EISA). EISA adopts 

the energy intensity reduction goals of Executive 

Order 13423 beginning in FY 2008 with a 9 

percent reduction and increasing to a 30 percent 

reduction in FY 2015. The EISA requirements and 

the related activities of the Government will be 

discussed in the annual report for FY 2008. 

Metering 

Section 103 of EPACT 2005 “Energy Use Measurement and Accountability” amended NECPA to 

8 
require that all Federal buildings be metered 

“...for the purposes of efficient energy use and 

reduction in the cost of electricity used in such 

buildings...” by October 1, 2012. (42 U.S.C. 

8253(e)) The direction is specific to the 

measurement of electricity in that advanced meters 

or metering devices that provide data at least daily 

and measure the consumption of electricity at least 

hourly will be used to the maximum extent 

practicable. The law directed that the Secretary of 

Energy to develop guidelines for implementation. 

(42 U.S.C. 8253(e)(2)) The Guidance for Electric 

Metering in Federal Buildings was published on 

February 3, 2006 and can be found at 

www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/

adv_metering.pdf. Agencies were required to 

submit to DOE an implementation plan identifying 

personnel responsible for achieving the requirements, and any determination by the agency that 

advanced meters or metering systems are not 

practicable in their specific situation. 

FY 2007 is the first year for agencies to report on 

their progress in metering to DOE. Agencies are 

required to report the cumulative number of 

buildings metered and cumulative percentage of 

electricity metered. The guidance required reporting this information for only standard meters in 

FY 2007. Starting with FY 2008, agencies will be 

required to report progress on both buildings with 

standard meters and buildings with advanced 

meters (measuring at least hourly and reporting 

data over networks at least daily). Agencies also 

reported progress made in FY 2007 in meeting the 

milestones of their metering implementation plans. 

Based on reports submitted to DOE, 11 agencies 

reported that all of their buildings were metered 

for electricity use with at least standard electricity 

meters. These 11 agencies include the Departments of Housing and Urban Development, 

Justice, State, Transportation, and the Treasury; 

the Environmental Protection Agency, the General 

Services Administration, the National Archives 

and Records Administration, the Railroad Retirement Board, the Social Security Administration, 

and the United States Postal Service. Two 

agencies, EPA and HUD, reported that they have 

already have advanced metering in 100 percent of 

their buildings. Details of metering activities 

specific to individual agencies can be found in 

Section IV of this report. 

Energy Efficient Procurement 

Section 104 of EPACT 2005, “Procurement of 

Energy Efficient Products” is a requirement that 

each agency “... incorporate into the specifications 

for all procurements involving energy consuming 

products and systems, including guides 

specifications, project specifications, and 

construction, renovation, and services contracts 

that include provision of energy consuming 

products and systems, and into the factors for the 

evaluation of offers received for the procurement, 

criteria for energy efficiency that are consistent 

with ... Energy Star products and for rating FEMP 

designated products.” (42 U.S.C. 8259b) 

Energy Savings Performance Contracts 

Section 105 of EPACT 2005, “Energy Savings 

Performance Contracts” extended the authority for 

Federal agencies to energy into the performance 

contracts for energy and water conservation to 

2016. 

Federal Building Performance Standards 

To assure that all new Federal buildings 

incorporate the best energy efficiency techniques 

available, Section 109 of EPACT 2005, “Federal 

Building Performance Standards”, amended 

NECPA to direct the Secretary of Energy, within 

one year, to issue a rule that establishes Federal 

building energy efficiency performance standards. 

(42 U.S.C. 6834(a)) The standards require that, if 

life-cycle cost-effective, all new Federal buildings 

will be designed to achieve energy consumption 

levels 30 percent below those of the current 

version of the applicable ASHRAE standard or the 

International Energy Conservation Code. (42 

U.S.C. 6834(a)(3)(A)(i)(I)) The requirement 

further states that sustainable design principles are 

to be applied to the siting, design, and construction 

of all new and replacement buildings, if life-cycle 

cost effective. (42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(3)(A)(i)(II)) 

The section also requires DOE to perform a review 

within one year of any change to the ASHRAE 

standard or IECC to see if the Federal standards 

should be updated. (42 U.S.C. 6834(a)(3)(B)) As 

an oversight provision, the section also directs 

each agency to include in its annual budget request 

9 
10 

and report under the National Energy Policy Act 

identification of all new buildings and whether 

they meet of exceed the developed standards. (42 

U.S.C. 6834(a)(3)(C)) 

Renewable Energy Goal 

Section 203 of EPACT 2005 requires the 

Secretary of Energy to seek to ensure that, to the 

extent economically feasible and technically 

practicable, of the total amount of electric energy 

the Federal Government consumes, the following 

amounts are renewable energy as defined in 

section 203 of the Act: 

• Not less than 3 percent in fiscal years 2007 

through 2009. 

• Not less than 5 percent in fiscal years 2010 

through 2012. 

• Not less than 7.5 percent in fiscal year 2013 

and each fiscal year thereafter. 

(42 U.S.C. 15852(a)) 

Section 203 of EPACT 2005 also allows Federal 

agencies to double count renewable energy if it is 

produced on-site and used at a Federal facility, 

produced on Federal lands and used at a Federal 

facility, or produced on Indian land and used at a 

Federal facility (42 U.S.C. 15852(c)). 

Section 203(b) of EPACT 2005 defines the term 

‘‘renewable energy’’ to mean electric energy 

generated from solar, wind, biomass, landfill gas, 

ocean (including tidal, wave, current, and 

thermal), geothermal, municipal solid waste, or 

new hydroelectric generation capacity achieved 

from increased efficiency or additions of new 

capacity at an existing hydroelectric project. (42 

U.S.C. 15852(b)). 

Section 2(a) of Executive Order 13423 adds the 

following provisions with regard to the section 

203 of EPACT 2005 goal; that 

• at least half of the statutorily required renewable energy consumed by the agency in a 

fiscal year comes from new renewable 

sources, and 

• to the extent feasible, the agency implements 

renewable energy generation projects on 

agency property for agency use. 

In January 2008, DOE published Renewable 

Energy Requirement Guidance for EPACT 2005 

and Executive Order 13423 (www1.eere.energy. 

gov/femp/pdfs/epact05_fedrenewenergyguid.pdf). 

This guidance specifies the conditions for agencies 

to meet the statutory and Executive Order 

requirements. 

FY 2007 is the first year for reporting under the 

new Federal renewable energy goals. The key 

differences in reporting from prior year renewable 

energy goals is discussed in Section II(D) of this 

report. 

Water Intensity Reduction Goal 

Section 2(c) of Executive Order 13423 establishes 

a water use reduction goal for agencies beginning 

in FY 2008. Agencies are required to “reduce 

water consumption intensity, relative to the 

baseline of the agency’s water consumption in 

fiscal year 2007, through life-cycle cost-effective 

measures by 2 percent annually through the end of 

fiscal year 2015 or 16 percent by the end of fiscal 

year 2015.” 

In January 2008, DOE published the guidance 

document, Establishing Baseline and Meeting 

Water Conservation Goals of Executive Order 

13423 to provide clarification and guidance for 

meeting the water reduction goals (www1.eere. 

energy.gov/femp/pdfs/water_guidance.pdf). 

During FY 2007, agencies provided initial 

baseline data on water use intensity, defined as 

gallons of water consumed per gross square foot 

per year. These initial findings can be found in 

Section II(G) of this report. 
B. Energy Performance Requirement for Federal Buildings 

According to data provided by Federal agencies, 

the Federal Government decreased energy use per 

gross square foot by 11.1 percent in FY 2007 relative to FY 2003 for buildings subject to the goal. 

This surpassed the NECPA energy reduction requirement of a 4 percent reduction as well as the 6 

percent reduction goal of Executive Order 13423. 

Even when measured strictly on the basis of 

reduced energy intensity, both goals were exceeded with a reduction of 7.5 percent. Subtracting 

13.8 trillion Btu for renewable energy purchases 

and for projects that reduce primary energy use (as 

opposed to site-delivered energy), the reduction 

improves to 11.1 percent below the FY 2003 

baseline for the purpose of performance measurement. The Government’s performance for each 

year since FY 2003 is illustrated in Figure 3. 

Overall energy intensity for prior years has 

changed from previous years’ Annual Reports due 

to significant revisions submitted by the U.S. 

Postal Service and minor corrections to prior year 

data provided by other agencies. 

EPACT 2005 is silent on whether purchases of 

renewable energy can be used to achieve energy 

reduction goals. Under Executive Order 13123 (64 

Fed. Reg. 30851; June 8, 1999), agencies were 

permitted to credit renewable energy purchases 

toward their performance under the energy 

reduction goals. These credits were continued for 

FY 2007, per DOE’s Renewable Energy 

Requirement Guidance for EPACT 2005 and 

Executive Order 13423 which will phase out the 

credits over time (See www1.eere.energy.gov/

femp/pdfs/epact05_fedrenewenergyguid.pdf). In 

FY 2007, these credits amounted to 9.2 trillion Btu 

that were subtracted from agencies’ consumption 

before Btu/GSF was calculated. 

 

Figure 3 

Overall Government Progress toward Facility Energy Efficiency Goals, 

FY 2003 through FY 2007 

85,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Fiscal Year

90,000

95,000

100,000

105,000

110,000

115,000

120,000

125,000

130,000

Btu per Gross Square Foot

2007 Progress

112,915 Btu/GSF

11.1% Reduction

2007 Progress without RE Purchase 

& Source Energy Savings Credits

117,495 Btu/GSF, 7.5% Reduction

EISA/E.O. 13423 Goal

30% Reduction 

in 2015

E.O. 13423 Goal

6% Reduction in 2007

11 
Similarly, Section 502(e) of Executive Order 

13123 provided credit to agencies that implement 

cost-effective projects that save primary energy, 

but not necessarily site-delivered energy. (See 

Section II(F) for a discussion of primary energy.) 

In FY 2007, these credits amounted to 4.5 trillion 

Btu. This credit is necessary so that cost-effective 

projects which generate electricity on site (and 

increase site energy use while reducing source 

energy use) do not penalize agency performance 

toward the goal. This practice continues under the 

goals of Executive Order 13423 through 

supplemental guidance released by DOE under 

authority of the Order’s implementing instructions. 

The additional credits toward energy intensity 

reduction as applied to each agency are documented in Table 1. 

Individual agency performance in FY 2007, compared to FY 2003, is illustrated below in Figure 4 

and documented in Table 1. Twenty-one out of 22 

agencies reporting their performance toward the 

goal have reduced energy use per gross square foot 

in goal buildings by more than 6 percent from 

2003. 

At the agency level, the largest overall reductions 

are seen in those agencies taking advantage of 

renewable energy credits, and to a lesser degree, 

primary energy project reduction credits. Even 

without the credits, many agencies have achieved 

remarkable success in reduction in energy 

intensity. Nineteen agencies achieved the 6 percent goal without additional credits. Only three 

agencies, DOT, GSA, and VA pushed past the 

goal through use of credits. 

Figure 4 

Individual Agency Reductions in Btu per Square Foot of Goal Building Space 

 in FY 2007 Compared to FY 2003 

0% 3% 6% 9% 12% 15% 18% 21% 24% 27% 30%

RRB

SSA

FY 2007 Btu/Square Foot Reduction from FY 2003

TVA

VA

GSA

DOD

Total Gov't

TRSY

USPS

DOE

DOJ

HUD

NASA

ST

USDA

NARA

DHS

DOL

HHS

DOT

DOC

DOI

EPA

Agency

% Reduction in Btu/Sq.Ft. 2003-

2007

Addt'l Reduction w/ RE Purchase

& Source Energy Credits

16.2%

63.8%

23.4%

22.3%

21.9%

20.5%

19.1%

18.7%

18.2%

17.9%

17.6%

17.3%

17.2

12.1%

11.1%

10.1%

9.4%

20.1%

7.6%

7.4%

6.9%

5.8%

12.4%

12 
TABLE 1 

FEDERAL GOAL BUILDINGS SITE-DELIVERED ENERGY USE PER GROSS SQUARE FOO

FY 2003 AND FY 2007 

FISCAL YEAR 2007 FISCAL YEAR 

FISCAL YEAR 2003 Unadjusted for RE Purchases and Source Savings Adjusted for RE Purchases a

% Change

RE

Purchases

Source

Savings 

Agency GSF (Thou.) Billion Btu BTU/GSF GSF (Thou.) Billion Btu BTU/GSF 2003-2007 Billion Btu Billion Btu Billion Btu 

VA 141,326.3 29,278.0 207,166 144,836.1 28,908.2 199,593 -3.7 341.2 854.0 27,713USPS 313,991.4 31,986.5 101,871 312,962.7 27,938.3 89,270 -12.4 0.0 0.0 27,938

DOE 90,961.3 24,115.7 265,120 88,936.9 20,472.8 230,194 -13.2 714.8 0.0 19,758

DOJ 56,771.1 16,410.0 289,056 72,917.6 17,468.0 239,558 -17.1 15.0 0.0 17,453

GSA 182,825.5 14,082.9 77,029 182,396.2 13,590.7 74,512 -3.3 769.5 87.0 12,734HHS 27,742.0 9,566.6 344,842 30,590.6 9,590.5 313,512 -9.1 66.4 1,140.6 8,383

NASA 31,728.9 6,850.5 215,907 31,656.0 6,315.3 199,497 -7.6 681.3 0.0 5,633

DOI 57,857.6 5,095.2 88,064 61,724.9 4,517.3 73,185 -16.9 354.7 0.0 4,162USDA 61,948.6 5,345.0 86,281 57,480.9 4,254.2 74,011 -14.2 197.2 0.0 4,057DHS 40,141.3 4,747.6 118,271 43,948.2 4,304.6 97,948 -17.2 99.3 0.0 4,205

DOL 21,612.3 2,566.9 118,769 23,352.0 2,244.7 96,122 -19.1 29.2 0.0 2,215

TRSY 12,487.6 2,288.2 183,237 12,592.5 2,090.6 166,018 -9.4 63.0 0.0 2,027

DOC 10,045.0 1,968.5 195,966 13,602.9 2,079.5 152,870 -22.0 7.7 0.0 2,071

EPA 3,648.8 1,310.0 359,020 3,723.3 1,176.1 315,867 -12.0 682.5 10.1 483SSA 9,262.0 1,151.3 124,300 9,262.0 1,075.8 116,150 -6.6 4.1 0.0 1,071DOT 7,114.6 721.6 101,423 7,265.0 701.5 96,559 -4.8 126.1 0.0 575

NARA 2,804.6 508.1 181,166 4,062.0 613.0 150,907 -16.7 15.1 0.0 597TVA 9,796.2 641.9 65,530 8,870.4 542.5 61,153 -6.7 4.0 0.0 538

ST 3,793.5 402.7 106,162 4,443.1 396.0 89,121 -16.1 8.7 0.0 387

HUD 1,432.0 120.9 84,450 1,432.0 102.3 71,427 -15.4 2.3 0.0 100

RRB 346.9 36.0 103,877 346.9 34.6 99,671 -4.0 0.6 0.0 34OTHER 2,202.1 193.5 87,881 0.0 0.0 NA NA 0.0 0.0 0

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 1,089,839.6 159,387.5 146,249 1,116,402.2 148,416.2 132,942 -9.1 4,182.6 2,091.7 142,141DOD 1,926,475.4 223,730.1 116,134 1,892,554.3 205,120.5 108,383 -6.7 5,051.7 2,455.1 197,613TOTAL 3,016,315.0 383,117.6 127,015 3,008,956.5 353,536.7 117,495 -7.5 9,234.3 4,546.8 339,755

*Other includes the FCC, FTC, NRC, and OPM. Note: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatt hour. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

13 
C. Greenhouse Gas Reduction 

Although Federal agencies formerly had a 

greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goal under 

Executive Order 13123, there is no statutory goal 

for GHG reduction. GHG is defined in Executive 

Order 13213, and a reduction of GHG is identified 

as an intended benefit of the required reduction in 

energy intensity. However, Executive Order 

13423 does not contain an actual quantitative goal 

for GHG reduction.6

 DOE will continue, however, 

to estimate GHG emissions based on agencyreported energy consumption. 

Not all of the gases mentioned in the Executive 

Order 13423 definition7

 can be estimated solely on 

the energy data provided by the agencies, but 

DOE’s Federal Energy Management Program 

(FEMP) has developed a method for estimating 

emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous 

oxide from agency energy use (See Appendix B). 

Carbon dioxide is overwhelmingly the largest 

component of GHG emissions from energy use. 

Even considering the higher global warming 

potential (GWP) of methane and nitrous oxide, 

they still make up less than a half of a percent of 

the GWP of carbon dioxide emissions for any 

facility fuel. 

Since agencies do not report electricity use 

disaggregated by region, FEMP uses a nationallyderived factor for estimating GHG emissions from 

electricity use. Purchases of all forms of renewable 

energy used in buildings are factored out of GHG 

emission estimates. In future year reporting, 

agencies will have the option of estimating GHG 

emissions from their energy use independently 

based on disaggregated or more detailed data 

provided that 1) estimates are provided to FEMP

 

on. 

6

 Section 2(a) of E.O. 13423 states that “the head of 

each agency shall. . .improve energy efficiency and 

reduce greenhouse gas emissions of the agency, through 

reduction of energy intensity by 3 percent annually 

through the end of fiscal year 2015, or 30 percent by the 

end of fiscal year 2015, relative to the baseline of the 

agency's energy use in fiscal year 2003;” 

7

 Under E.O. 13423, “greenhouse gases” means carbon 

dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, 

perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride; 

for inclusion in Federal Government totals, and 2) 

agencies provide a detailed description of their 

estimation methodology. 

In another change from GHG reporting prior to FY 

2006, emissions are now reported in metric tons of 

carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E) rather than 

metric tons of carbon equivalent which does not 

consider the full molecular weight of the gases. 

Estimated GHG emissions from buildings 

excluded from the NECPA energy reduction 

requirement are not included in the totals. 

Table 2 presents estimated GHG emissions from 

agency energy usage in absolute terms of 

MTCO2E. Compared to FY 2003, GHG emissions 

for Federal buildings subject to the NECPA 

energy reduction requirement decreased 9.4 percent, from 47.1 million MTCO2E to 42.7 

MTCO2E in FY 2007. Twenty agencies showed 

reductions in GHG emissions during the period in 

this estimati

Table 3 estimates GHG emission intensity by 

agency in terms of MTCO2E per thousand gross 

square foot of their NECPA energy reduction 

requirement building space. The largest percentage 

decreases are seen at the agencies with large 

purchases of renewable energy. The National 

Archives and Records Administration, which 

showed an increase in GHG emissions of 21.5 

percent in absolute terms, shows a 16.1 percent 

decrease in terms of MTCO2E per million gross 

square foot. This metric takes into consideration 

the 44.8 percent increase in NARA’s square 

footage between FY 2003 and FY 2007. 

14 
TABLE 2 

ESTIMATED EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS 

OXIDE FROM GOAL BUILDING ENERGY USE, BY AGENCY 

(In Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (MTCO2E)) 

Agency

FY

2003

FY

2004

FY

2005

FY

2006

FY

2007

% Change

03 - 07

DOD 26,457,374 27,277,006 26,202,708 24,844,614 24,373,693 -7.9%

USPS 4,494,629 4,741,447 5,209,891 4,889,244 4,250,960 -5.4%

VA 3,134,169 3,115,446 3,049,670 2,940,906 3,033,802 -3.2%

DOE 3,372,883 3,296,898 3,098,448 2,878,482 2,695,784 -20.1%

GSA 2,120,721 2,294,961 1,932,453 1,910,225 1,919,922 -9.5%

DOJ 1,913,488 1,400,455 1,523,751 1,850,980 1,812,003 -5.3%

HHS 1,147,628 951,937 1,054,667 899,623 996,026 -13.2%

NASA 967,625 981,722 1,018,266 836,029 807,771 -16.5%

DHS 623,914 606,168 585,335 529,741 559,247 -10.4%

DOI 642,481 618,998 580,033 545,997 478,852 -25.5%

USDA 678,093 537,891 575,848 498,784 470,534 -30.6%

TRSY 351,905 338,637 332,459 294,683 308,334 -12.4%

DOC 254,315 269,562 209,629 188,147 260,373 2.4%

DOL 286,746 283,589 273,807 234,840 255,016 -11.1%

SSA 165,623 154,728 160,082 148,019 150,669 -9.0%

TVA 123,386 121,860 118,172 111,416 101,487 -17.7%

DOT 109,366 105,763 104,156 98,335 84,782 -22.5%

NARA 62,661 72,464 86,475 82,034 76,133 21.5%

ST 64,370 54,660 58,238 86,874 63,839 -0.8%

HUD 21,108 19,703 19,755 17,648 17,469 -17.2%

RRB 4,002 3,975 3,992 3,926 3,825 -4.4%

EPA 101,248 27,804 18,369 7,880 -19,466 -119.2%

Other* 34,551 16,125 17,676 1,611 0 -100.0%

Total 47,132,288 47,291,798 46,233,877 43,900,039 42,701,053 -9.4%

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

*Other includes the FCC, FTC, NRC, and OPM. 

Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Calculated from energy consumption data from Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports, see Appendix B.

15 
TABLE 3 

ESTIMATED EMISSIONS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE AND NITROUS 

OXIDE FROM GOAL BUILDING ENERGY USE, BY AGENCY 

((Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent per Thousand Gross Square Foot 

(MTCO2E/Thousand GSF)) 

Agency

FY

2003

FY

2004

FY

2005

FY

2006

FY

2007

% Change 

03 - 07

HHS 41.4 35.3 38.7 31.6 32.6 -21.3%

DOE 37.1 35.0 33.9 32.2 30.3 -18.3%

NASA 30.5 28.6 29.5 26.5 25.4 -16.6%

DOJ 33.7 23.1 24.0 27.4 24.9 -26.3%

TRSY 28.2 26.8 26.4 23.4 24.5 -13.1%

VA 22.2 20.4 19.0 20.7 20.9 -5.5%

DOC 25.3 25.5 19.9 17.9 19.1 -24.4%

NARA 22.3 19.1 21.9 20.2 18.7 -16.1%

SSA 17.9 16.7 17.3 16.0 16.3 -9.0%

ST 17.0 20.0 18.3 19.2 14.4 -15.3%

USPS 14.3 15.3 16.8 15.6 13.6 -5.1%

DOD 13.7 13.0 12.4 13.2 12.9 -6.2%

DHS 15.5 14.5 13.8 12.6 12.7 -18.1%

HUD 14.7 13.8 13.8 12.3 12.2 -17.2%

DOT 15.4 14.7 14.5 13.6 11.7 -24.1%

TVA 12.6 12.7 12.1 11.8 11.4 -9.2%

RRB 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.3 11.0 -4.4%

DOL 13.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 10.9 -17.7%

GSA 11.6 11.7 9.9 10.6 10.5 -9.3%

USDA 10.9 10.0 9.6 9.4 8.2 -25.2%

DOI 11.1 10.0 9.3 8.6 7.8 -30.1%

EPA 27.7 7.5 5.0 2.1 -5.2 -118.8%

Other* 14.3 7.0 15.9 10.8 0.0 -100.0%

Total 15.6 14.7 14.2 14.7 14.2 -9.2%

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

*Other includes the FCC, FTC, NRC, and OPM. 

Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Calculated from energy consumption data from Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports, see Appendix B.

16 
D. Renewable Energy Use 

FY 2007 is the first year for reporting under the 

new Federal renewable energy goals. Compared 

with prior year accounting procedures, the Government’s renewable energy use as a percentage of 

electricity use drops significantly due to the 

narrower definitions of renewable energy of 

EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 13423. The 

changes to the goal performance metric include: 

• EPACT 2005’s language limiting the renewable energy goal to electric energy only (42 

U.S.C. 15852(a)), 

• Executive Order 13423’s provision that at 

least half of the statutorily required renewable 

energy consumed by the agency in a fiscal 

year must come from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. 

Offsetting these limitations somewhat is EPACT 

2005’s provision for a double credit for renewable 

energy produced and used on-site or on Native 

American lands. (42 U.S.C. 15852(c)) 

Table 4 ranks the agencies according to their total 

use of renewable energy eligible for counting 

toward the goal. DOD used 59.1 percent of eligible renewable energy followed by GSA with 8.2 

percent; DOE with 7.5 percent; and EPA with 7.2 

percent. Federal agencies reported purchasing or 

producing 2,774.0 gigawatthours of renewable 

electric energy in FY 2007, equivalent to 4.9 percent of the Federal Government’s electricity use. 

TABLE 4 

FEDERAL AGENCY USE OF RENEWABLE ELECTRIC ENERGY AS A 

PERCENTAGE OF FACILITY ELECTRICITY USE, FY 2007 

Renewable Energy and Electricity Use (Megawatthours)

Agency

New RE 

(without Bonus)

Bonus, Federal or 

Indian Land Eligible Old RE

Total Renewable 

Energy Use

Total 

Electricity Use

RE as % of Electricity 

Use

DOD 898,911 67,848 673,165 1,639,924 29,656,103 5.5%

GSA 227,890 900 0 228,791 2,934,656 7.8%

DOE 200,392 2,687 6,019 209,098 4,888,286 4.3%

EPA1 200,143 118 0 200,260 130,423 153.5%

Interior 65,310 2,753 43,842 111,905 613,623 18.2%

VA 53,465 3,465 50,000 106,931 3,128,624 3.4%

USDA 58,252 444 1,096 59,792 569,732 10.5%

NASA 56,371 205 0 56,576 1,610,501 3.5%

DOT 37,458 494 6 37,958 946,176 4.0%

DHS 20,978 210 8,347 29,535 729,494 4.0%

TVA 8,742 7,542 4,200 20,484 532,117 3.8%

HHS 4,012 250 14,604 18,867 973,603 1.9%

Treasury 15,468 0 3,000 18,468 403,747 4.6%

Commerce 8,417 61 1,100 9,577 315,835 3.0%

Labor 8,555 0 0 8,555 289,449 3.0%

Justice 2,094 0 3,414 5,508 1,760,928 0.3%

Archives 4,415 0 0 4,415 94,497 4.7%

State 2,556 0 0.2 2,556 115,021 2.2%

USPS 0 0 2,536 2,536 6,582,348 0.04%

SSA 1,321 131 0 1,452 195,000 0.7%

HUD 665 0 0 665 22,170 3.0%

RRB 183 0 0 183 4,519 4.0%

Total 1,875,597 87,108 811,328 2,774,033 56,496,854 4.9%

1EPA’s renewable energy use is 153.5% of its electricity use due to its purchases of renewable electricity for space that it leases but is not 

responsible for payment of energy costs.

17 
Figure 5 ranks each agency’s performance under 

the renewable energy goal in terms of eligible 

renewable energy use as a percentage of their 

electricity use. 

In FY 2007, 17 agencies obtained the equivalent 

of more than 3.0 percent of total electricity 

consumption from renewable sources. These 

agencies are EPA (153.5 percent), Interior (18.2 

percent); USDA (10.5 percent); GSA (7.8 percent); DOD (5.5 percent); NARA (4.7 percent); 

Treasury (4.6 percent); DOE (4.3 percent); RRB, 

DHS, and DOT (4.0 percent); TVA (3.8 percent); 

NASA (3.5 percent); VA (3.4 percent); and Commerce, HUD, and Labor (3.0 percent). Five 

agencies reported renewable energy use amounting to less than 3 percent of electricity use. 

EPA’s remarkable renewable energy use of 153.5 

percent of its electricity use was achieved through 

purchases of renewable electricity for space that it 

leases but for which is not responsible for payment 

or reporting of energy costs and consumption. 

More information on the progress of the Federal 

Government in meeting the renewable energy 

goals of EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 13423 

will be available in the report required under Section 203 of EPACT 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15852(d)). 

This report is prepared every two years. The first 

report is available at www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/ 

pdfs/epact_sec203_report.pdf. The next report was 

due April 15, 2009 and was in DOE review at the 

time that this report was published. 

Figure 5 

Renewable Electric Energy Use as a Percentage of Facility Electricity Use, FY 2007 

0% 10% 20%

USPS

Justice

SSA

HHS

State

Labor

Renewable Electric Energy as a % of Electricity Use

HUD

Commerce

VA

NASA

TVA

DOT

DHS

RRB

DOE

Treasury

Archives

Total Government

DOD

GSA

USDA

Interior

EPA

Agency

New RE (including Bonus for RE

from Federal or Indian Land)

Eligible Old RE

3.8%

153.5%

18.2%

10.5%

7.8%

5.5%

4.9%

4.7%

4.6%

4.3%

4.0%

4.0%

4.0%

3.4%

3.0%

3.0%

3.5%

3.0%

2.2%

1.9%

0.7%

0.3%

0.04%

3% 5% 7.5%

18 
19 

E. Petroleum Reduction 

The strategic nature of petroleum-based fuel 

reduction has long been recognized by statutory 

and Executive Branch authorities. 

In FY 2007, petroleum-based fuels accounted for 

717,261.6 billion Btu (0.72 quads) of the total 1.1 

quads consumed by the Federal Government 

(Table 5). Of that, approximately 670,634.8 billion 

Btu (0.67 quads) were used by DOD primarily for 

jet fuel, navy special fuel oil, and distillate/diesel 

for vehicles and equipment energy. Only 0.03 

quads (30,058.9 billion Btu) of petroleum-based 

fuels were used for Federal non-excluded building 

energy. 

Federal agencies have made significant progress in 

reducing their dependence on fuel oil and LPG/ 

propane in their buildings. Table 6 shows that Federal agencies reduced petroleum-based fuels by 

74.7 percent in FY 2007 compared to FY 1985, 

from 118.8 trillion Btu to 30.1 trillion Btu. 

Compared to FY 2003, use of these fuels fell by 

30.3 percent. Figure 6 illustrates the trend for 

petroleum-based fuel consumption in goal buildings from FY 1995 to FY 2007 and for FY 1985 

and FY 1990. 

Figure 6 

Petroleum-Based Fuel Consumption in Federal Goal-Subject Buildings; 

1985, 1990, and 1995 through 2007 

94.1

56.6 57.4

45.7 43.9 42.1 40.0

51.0

42.3 43.1

38.6 35.9 32.9 30.1

118.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Trillions of Btu
TABLE 5 

FEDERAL PETROLEUM USAGE IN FY 2007 

(in Thousands of Gallons, Billions of Btu, and Petajoules [Joule x 1015]) 

Unit Total BBTU* BBTU* BBTU* Petajoules*

(K Gal) DOD Civilian Total Total

EPACT Goal Buildings

Fuel Oil 198,175.7 21,905.8 5,581.2 27,487.0 29.0

LPG/Propane 26,931.2 1,330.2 1,241.7 2,571.9 2.7

Excluded Facilities

Fuel Oil 8,763.1 847.0 368.4 1,215.4 1.3

LPG/Propane 359.7 14.0 20.3 34.3 0.0

Vehicles & Equipment

Motor Gas 367,813.3 17,812.3 28,164.4 45,976.7 48.5

Dist-Diesel & Petrol. 609,340.4 74,366.9 10,148.6 84,515.5 89.2

Aviation Gas 2,908.5 105.0 258.6 363.6 0.4

Jet Fuel 3,547,239.7 455,591.3 5,549.9 461,141.2 486.5

Navy Special Fuel Oil 707,680.5 96,942.3 1,212.9 98,155.3 103.6

LPG/Propane 824.4 0.5 78.2 78.7 0.1

Other 2,933.6 1,719.4 1,214.2 2,933.6 3.1

Total 670,634.8 46,626.8 717,261.6 756.7

 *Uses a conversion factor of:

 95,500 BTUs/gallon for lpg/propane

 138,700 BTUs/gallon for fuel oil, distillate-diesel & petroleum, and navy special

 125,000 BTUs/gallon for motor gasoline and aviation gasoline

 130,000 BTUs/gallon for jet fuel

 947.9 Billion BTUs/Petajoule

 1,055 Petajoule/quad

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

20 
TABLE 6 

PETROLEUM-BASED FUEL* CONSUMPTION IN GOAL BUILDINGS 

(In Billions of Btu) 

FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY 

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

DOD 101,385.4 77,517.0 46,340.5 32,748.8 39,297.4 33,794.7 33,260.8 29,756.0 27,393.5 25,546.6 23,23DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400.3 1,223.1 1,279.3 1,187.4 1,10DOE 1,773.3 1,965.8 2,093.2 1,063.9 1,706.0 1,207.3 1,493.2 1,409.4 1,322.0 1,178.6 1,09DOI 1,591.6 1,273.9 1,574.3 996.7 1,324.0 1,382.5 1,249.1 1,574.8 1,292.9 1,307.9 1,08VA 2,176.7 2,219.3 1,292.9 1,045.4 3,040.5 1,206.2 1,659.6 1,114.7 911.5 931.2 88

USPS 1,673.2 1,502.2 813.9 857.9 1,425.5 719.9 997.6 1,342.9 1,388.5 1,089.5 68HHS 2,096.5 2,282.0 1,152.5 751.4 897.0 636.6 892.8 477.4 612.9 501.9 65

USDA 900.6 732.7 426.7 226.0 327.6 422.4 943.6 586.2 809.6 397.6 48

DOL 437.8 331.2 210.8 193.2 210.0 405.0 362.4 337.4 181.8 172.2 19

NASA 652.6 896.4 360.9 206.1 265.2 229.0 220.8 308.6 219.6 170.5 18

DOJ 381.7 371.6 286.2 240.5 261.5 289.0 188.8 161.1 284.3 171.3 13

GSA 3,120.0 2,040.4 250.3 121.1 466.7 99.7 140.1 103.0 50.1 101.9 12

DOC 157.2 77.6 354.8 77.7 56.6 33.7 122.7 42.8 69.2 42.6 5

TRSY 22.5 291.4 117.1 120.7 102.1 80.1 61.5 60.4 55.0 52.8 5

SSA 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.2 37.7 50.9 44.0 40.6 31.5 30.4 3

EPA 16.7 5.9 43.4 33.7 113.3 17.7 97.3 95.4 26.2 32.8 1

TVA 4.2 3.2 3.9 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 0.7 

DOT 2,380.4 1,524.1 912.2 815.0 928.2 1,014.2 3.8 3.4 2.3 1.5 

NARA 0.0 0.0 7.1 7.4 82.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

BBG/IBB 0.0 1,055.2 375.6 472.7 472.7 660.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Other 21.1 13.3 1.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.3 TOTAL 118,791.5 94,103.3 56,617.5 40,020.9 51,016.3 42,251.0 43,140.3 38,639.3 35,931.8 32,917.9 30,05

*Petroleum-based fuels comprise fuel oil and LPG/propane. Other includes, for certain years, FCC, FEMA, FTC, NRC, OPM. Note: Ellipses after fiscal year (1985. . .) indicate where intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. 

Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

21 
F. Primary Energy Use 

Primary energy consumption considers all resources used to generate and transport electricity 

and steam in addition to the energy delivered to 

the site of use. DOE uses National-level source 

conversion factors of 11,850 Btu per kilowatt hour 

for electricity and 1,390 Btu per pound of steam to 

estimate primary energy consumption. See 

Appendix B for background on the conversion 

factors for calculating both primary and sitedelivered energy consumption. 

Table 7 shows that primary energy use in Federal 

buildings subject to the NECPA energy reduction 

requirement declined 12.0 percent in FY 2007 

compared to FY 1985, from 882.9 trillion Btu to 

777.3 trillion Btu. Compared to FY 2003 

consumption of 817.6 trillion Btu, FY 2007 

primary energy use declined 4.9 percent. Primary 

energy used in Federal buildings during FY 2007 

decreased 2.3 percent from the previous year. 

Table 8 shows Federal agency progress toward the 

NECPA energy reduction requirement in terms of 

primary energy use per gross square foot. 

Measured in terms of primary energy, the Federal 

Government shows a reduction of 10.2 percent in 

FY 2007 compared to FY 2003. The difference 

from the site-delivered Btu/GSF reduction of 11.0 

percent (as shown previously in Table 1) reflects 

declines in direct use of fossil fuels and the 

offsetting increases in the share of the fuel mix 

contributed by electricity and purchased steam. 

Without purchases of renewable energy in FY 

2007, estimated primary energy intensity is 6.1 

percent below the FY 2003 Btu/GSF baseline. The 

purchases of renewable energy, particularly 

electric energy, displace the energy input of the 

fossil fuels used to generate electricity. EPA’s 

purchase of more renewable electric energy than is 

actually accounted for under its goal buildings 

energy use results in a negative energy intensity 

for FY 2007. 

22 
TABLE 7 

PRIMARY ENERGY USE IN GOAL-SUBJECT BUILDINGS 

(In Billions of Btu, with Conversions to Millions of Barrels of Oil Equivalent [MBOE], and Petajoule

CIVILIAN FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY % Ch

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 85-

USPS 40,143.9 47,824.8 57,606.8 66,217.4 62,202.1 62,145.5 81,289.9 85,144.1 93,846.3 89,891.7 78,203.6 

VA 42,864.1 44,400.3 47,474.3 49,633.7 52,031.5 52,217.8 54,990.9 54,694.9 55,320.2 54,275.7 55,800.1 

DOE 66,407.8 67,974.2 62,984.0 56,356.8 52,584.0 56,996.4 57,381.4 56,585.1 54,576.6 51,070.4 49,002.5 

GSA 45,589.4 39,162.3 36,535.0 40,614.0 41,558.5 40,737.5 36,938.2 41,404.9 41,301.6 35,132.5 36,389.1 

DOJ 9,048.5 9,512.4 14,011.8 20,975.6 21,300.2 21,209.2 33,924.4 24,556.5 26,693.2 33,270.5 32,634.6 

HHS 10,128.2 13,188.5 12,084.2 14,633.6 15,334.3 15,696.3 19,087.6 16,672.1 18,139.0 16,207.2 17,918.7 

NASA 17,379.0 20,954.2 21,138.1 19,625.0 19,363.4 19,018.2 17,483.5 17,741.2 18,840.6 16,031.6 15,824.9 

DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750.2 10,479.6 10,327.5 9,597.1 10,198.7 

DOI 8,542.8 7,616.8 7,770.1 8,202.1 9,685.2 9,690.9 11,166.6 11,428.7 10,675.2 10,681.3 9,730.5 

USDA 7,947.0 9,668.0 9,502.6 9,339.8 9,620.4 9,078.5 11,913.0 9,548.6 10,099.3 9,287.5 9,124.2 

TRSY 1,723.3 5,542.3 6,009.7 7,148.0 6,972.5 7,032.5 6,021.9 5,882.8 5,826.6 5,335.9 5,591.1 DOC 3,075.3 3,283.3 4,906.6 3,963.2 4,893.2 4,400.1 4,511.8 4,804.5 4,759.8 4,602.6 4,740.5 DOL 3,734.1 3,916.2 3,979.2 4,392.2 4,666.0 4,813.7 5,068.9 4,997.8 4,855.8 4,314.6 4,701.1 SSA 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,070.2 3,001.2 2,889.9 2,993.2 2,785.5 2,904.3 2,739.5 2,746.6 

EPA 1,644.1 1,643.0 2,165.1 1,959.9 2,297.0 2,089.6 2,441.9 2,467.7 2,475.8 2,398.0 2,288.9 

DOT 8,746.5 7,217.0 8,472.5 8,810.5 8,849.0 9,326.2 1,979.3 1,969.9 1,881.9 1,817.5 1,985.9 TVA 1,779.6 1,830.1 2,797.8 2,426.6 2,427.2 2,210.2 2,220.6 2,188.3 2,127.7 2,053.5 1,871.5 NARA 0.0 215.9 1,546.3 1,293.8 1,323.6 1,249.0 1,150.2 1,296.0 1,549.0 1,472.7 1,429.1 ST 702.6 833.6 260.3 389.6 324.4 738.6 1,036.8 975.1 1,040.4 1,498.4 1,114.9 HUD 356.2 435.0 322.3 324.2 336.7 327.8 339.4 317.2 315.9 297.1 299.7 

RRB 0.0 103.7 99.0 79.1 74.6 75.6 73.1 72.5 72.9 72.9 72.7 

OTHER* 1,668.4 4,539.1 6,011.0 4,965.9 4,905.1 7,115.4 602.4 287.8 316.3 29.4 0.0 

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 271,480.5 289,860.9 305,676.8 324,421.1 323,749.9 329,059.0 363,365.2 356,300.7 367,945.7 352,077.7 341,668.9 DOD 611,431.9 663,669.2 556,998.4 492,646.7 482,168.3 480,472.1 454,249.4 471,709.4 465,121.1 443,264.5 435,623.5 Total 882,912.4 953,530.1 862,675.2 817,067.8 805,918.2 809,531.1 817,614.6 828,010.1 833,066.8 795,342.2 777,292.5 MBOE 151.6 163.7 148.1 140.3 138.4 139.0 140.4 142.1 143.0 136.5 133.4

Petajoule 931.4 1005.9 910.1 862.0 850.2 854.0 862.6 873.5 878.9 839.1 820.0

Other includes, for certain years, FCC, FEMA, FTC, NRC, and OPM. Notes: Renewable energy purchases have not been subtracted primary energy consumption in this table, making it comparable with Table A-3 which presents site-deThis table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 11,850 Btu per kilowatt hour and 1,390 Btu per pound of steam. Ellipses after fiscal year (1985. . .) indicate where intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

23 
TABLE 8 

FEDERAL GOAL-SUBJECT BUILDINGS PRIMARY ENERGY USE 

PER GROSS SQUARE FOOT (BTU/GSF), FY 2003 AND FY 2007 

 FISCAL YEAR 2003 FISCAL YEAR 2007 %CHANGE

GSF (Thou.) Billion Btu BTU/GSF GSF (Thou.) Billion Btu BTU/GSF 2003-2007

USPS 313,991.4 81,289.9 258,892 312,962.7 78,203.6 249,882 -3.5

VA 141,326.3 54,990.9 389,106 144,836.1 54,615.1 377,082 -3.1

DOE 90,961.3 57,381.4 630,833 88,936.9 46,520.0 523,067 -17.1

GSA 182,825.5 36,938.2 202,041 182,396.2 33,716.8 184,855 -8.5

DOJ 56,771.1 33,924.4 597,564 72,917.6 32,582.6 446,841 -25.2

HHS 27,742.0 19,087.6 688,039 30,590.6 17,688.2 578,224 -16.0

NASA 31,728.9 17,483.5 551,066 31,656.0 13,458.6 425,150 -22.8

DHS 40,141.3 10,750.2 267,809 43,948.2 9,853.9 224,217 -16.3

DOI 57,857.6 11,166.6 193,002 61,724.9 8,498.6 137,686 -28.7

USDA 61,948.6 11,913.0 192,305 57,480.9 8,439.2 146,817 -23.7

TRSY 12,487.6 6,021.9 482,232 12,592.5 5,372.3 426,624 -11.5

DOC 10,045.0 4,511.8 449,159 13,602.9 4,713.8 346,527 -22.8

DOL 21,612.3 5,068.9 234,538 23,352.0 4,599.7 196,974 -16.0

SSA 9,262.0 2,993.2 323,174 9,262.0 2,732.5 295,023 -8.7

TVA 9,796.2 2,220.6 226,680 8,870.4 1,857.6 209,420 -7.6

DOT 7,114.6 1,979.3 278,197 7,265.0 1,547.9 213,059 -23.4

NARA 2,804.6 1,150.2 410,118 4,062.0 1,376.8 338,943 -17.4

ST 3,793.5 1,036.8 273,311 4,443.1 1,084.6 244,112 -10.7

HUD 1,432.0 339.4 236,990 1,432.0 291.8 203,784 -14.0

RRB 346.9 73.1 210,862 346.9 70.5 203,319 -3.6

EPA 3,648.8 2,441.9 669,244 3,723.3 -81.4 -21,861 -103.3

OTHER* 2,202.1 602.4 273,538 0.0 0.0 NA NA

Civilian Agencies

Subtotal 1,089,839.6 363,365.2 333,412 1,116,402.2 306,136.3 274,217 -17.8

DOD 1,926,475.4 454,249.4 235,793 1,892,554.3 425,719.6 224,944 -4.6

TOTAL 3,016,315.0 817,614.6 271,064 3,008,956.5 731,856.0 243,226 -10.3

*Other includes the FCC, FTC, NRC, and OPM . Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

Italics indicates that reductions were made to FY 2007 energy use and Btu/GSF to reflect purchases of renewable energy. When calculating 

Btu/GSF, the following amounts were subtracted from agency energy use for FY 2007: VA, 1,185.0 BBtu; DOE, 2,482.5 BBtu; GSA, 2,682.5 

BBtu; DOJ, 52.0 BBtu; HHS, 230.5 BBtu; HUD, 7.9 BBtu; NASA, 2366.3 BBtu; DOI, 1,231.9 BBtu; DHS, 344.8 BBtu; USDA, 685.0 BBtu; 

TRSY, 218.8 BBtu; DOC, 26.7 BBtu; DOL, 101.4 BBtu; RRB, 2.2 BBtu; SSA, 14.1 BBtu; EPA, 2,370.3 BBtu; TVA, 13.9 BBtu; DOT, 438.0 BBtu; 

ST, 30.3 BBtu; and DOD, 17,544.9 BBtu. 

 

Note: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 11,850 Btu per kilowatt hour and 1,390 Btu per pound of steam. 

 Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

24 
G. Water Conservation 

Section 2(c) of Executive Order 13423 requires 

agencies “beginning in FY 2008, reduce water 

consumption intensity, relative to the baseline of 

the agency’s water consumption in fiscal year 

2007, through life-cycle cost effective measures 

by 2 percent annually through the end of fiscal 

year 2015 or 16 percent by the end of fiscal year 

2015.” This supersedes the water conservation 

goals under the previous Executive Order 13123, 

which required agencies to develop water management plans and implement best practices. 

Agencies are still encouraged to use these tools to 

meet the new water goals. 

DOE issued supplemental guidance for implementing the water goal of Executive Order 13423. 

Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water 

Conservation Goals of Executive Order 13423

(available at www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/ 

water_guidance.pdf) provides clarification and 

assists in the implementation of, and ultimate compliance with, Executive Order 13423. Specifically, 

three key elements of compliance were identified 

and presented: baseline development, efficiency 

opportunity identification/implementation, and 

necessary reporting. For each key area, this document provides an explanation of the relevant 

Executive Order language, suggests a path 

forward, and provides resources for additional 

information. 

 

As reported by the agencies, the Federal Government as a whole used 164.4 billion gallons of 

water in FY 2007 at a cost of $536.3 million. 

Table 9 ranks agencies according to water use. 

Water intensity in terms of gallons use per gross 

square foot of facility space is also represented. 

The facility gross square footage in the table 

represents all facility space, including buildings 

subject to the energy intensity reduction goal and 

those that are excluded. On average, the Federal 

Government’s water intensity in FY 2007 was 

52.5 gallons per gross square foot. 

The Department of Defense represents the largest 

Federal water consumer. With an area associated 

with water usage of almost 2.0 billion square feet, 

DOD consumed 116.8 billion gallons of water in 

FY 2007, representing 71.1 percent of the Federal 

Government’s water consumption for FY 2007. 

The Department of Veterans Affairs, with its 

mission in both the cemetery and health care 

environments, was the second largest Federal 

water consumer, consuming 5.7 percent of the 

total Federal water consumption in FY 2007 or 9.3 

billion gallons. 

Meeting the goals of Executive Order 13423 

requires all Federal agencies to develop a water 

use baseline based on FY 2007 water intensity. 

The calculation of a water baseline takes into 

account water use intensity, defined as gallons of 

water used at the building, facility, or site, per 

gross square foot of total facility space. All 

potable water used in goal and excluded facilities 

is included, whether used for human consumption, 

building processes, power plant or building cooling, landscape watering, irrigation, or industrial 

uses. 

Figure 7 ranks agencies according to their FY 

2007 water intensity. The Department of Justice 

reported the highest water use intensity, 123.3 

gallons per gross square foot. This is due to its 

large percentage of facility space dedicated to 

custodial housing. The VA reported the second 

highest water use intensity, 64.5 gallons per gross 

square foot, followed by DOD, which reported 

59.8 gallons per gross square footage. Agencies 

such as Railroad Retirement Board, HUD, GSA, 

and SSA that are chiefly comprised of office 

space, have water intensity rates lower than 16 

gallons per gross square foot. 

Agency-specific details pertaining to their water 

conservation activities are described in Section III 

of this report. 

25 
TABLE 9 

FY 2007 AGENCY WATER CONSUMPTION INTENSITY AND COSTS 

(In Millions of Gallons and Gallons per Gross Square Foot) 

Agency

Annual 

Consumption

(Million Gallons)

Annual Cost 

(Thou. $)

Facility Gross 

Square Feet 

(Thou.)

Gallons per 

Gross Square 

Foot

DOD 116,752.0 $358,806.6 1,952,056.2 59.8

VA 9,337.3 $26,511.4 144,836.1 64.5

Justice 8,990.3 $27,928.4 72,917.6 123.3

DOE 6,455.2 $13,838.8 111,942.5 57.7

USPS 5,455.9 $29,265.6 312,962.7 17.4

Interior 3,624.3 $10,905.9 61,724.9 58.7

GSA 2,651.2 $18,104.9 176,414.5 15.0

USDA 2,150.9 $4,876.0 57,480.9 37.4

NASA 2,036.5 $5,085.8 38,896.2 52.4

HHS 1,799.7 $11,814.7 31,338.4 57.4

DHS 1,522.8 $12,442.9 45,556.7 33.4

Labor 1,029.0 $4,816.3 20,335.8 50.6

TVA 733.0 $2,248.2 27,969.8 26.2

DOT 464.1 $3,002.8 25,722.1 18.0

Treasury 431.1 $1,795.5 12,049.6 35.8

Commerce 352.1 $1,571.2 13,627.9 25.8

State 169.0 $762.2 4,476.7 37.8

EPA 168.1 $1,196.0 3,723.3 45.2

SSA 125.0 $617.1 9,262.0 13.5

Archives 107.9 $552.9 4,062.0 26.6

HUD 21.8 $139.1 1,432.0 15.2

RRB 5.5 $19.5 346.9 15.9

Total 164,382.9 $536,301.9 3,129,134.9 52.5

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

26 
Figure 7 

FY 2007 Federal Agency Water Intensity 

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

SSA

GSA

HUD

RRB

USPS

DOT

Commerce

TVA

Archives

DHS

Treasury

USDA

State

EPA

Labor

NASA

Total Gov't

HHS

DOE

Interior

DOD

VA

Justice

Agency

Gallons per Gross Square Foot

35.8

123.3

64.5

59.8

58.7

58.2

57.4

52.4

52.4

50.6

45.2

37.8

37.4

26.2

25.8

18.0

17.4

15.9

15.2

15.0

13.5

26.6

33.4

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports

27 
H. Investments in Energy Efficiency 

During FY 2007, Federal agencies had three 

primary options for financing energy efficiency, 

water conservation, and renewable energy projects 

in buildings: direct appropriated funding, energy 

savings performance contracts (ESPCs), and utility 

energy service contracts (UESCs). As shown in 

Table 10, reported funding from the three sources 

totaled approximately $640.3 million in FY 2007. 

Direct appropriations accounted for approximately 

$335.3 million. ESPC contract awards by agencies 

resulted in approximately $165.9 million in 

estimated project investment in FY 2007 ($144.4 

million from DOE Super ESPC delivery orders 

and $21.5 million from other agency ESPCs), and 

approximately $139.1 million in project investment came from UESCs. 

On August 3, 2007, then Chairman of the Council 

on Environmental Quality, James L. Connaughton, 

sent a memorandum to the heads of Executive 

Branch departments and agencies challenging 

them to substantially increase investment in 

energy efficiency projects. The memorandum set 

targets for agencies to invest amounts equivalent 

to 20 percent of their annual energy costs on 

efficiency enhancements, with at least 10 percent 

to be financed through ESPCs or UESCs. Table 10 

shows each agency’s total investment and financed 

investment as a percentage of facility energy costs. 

Overall, the Government invested the equivalent 

of 9.8 percent of facility energy costs on efficiency 

enhancements in FY 2007. More than $305.0 

million of this investment was financed through 

ESPCs or UESCs, equivalent to 4.7 percent of FY 

2007 facility energy costs. 

Since 2003, the Government has invested approximately $2.8 billion in energy efficiency, $1,256.7 

million of which was direct agency expenditures, 

$1,068.2 million was from ESPCs and $478.1 

million was from UESCs. Figure 8 illustrates 

investment trends during the period from each 

funding source. 

1. Direct Appropriations 

In support of the information required in annual 

budget request to Congress under section 545 of 

NECPA, each agency identifies funds requested 

for energy conservation measures. (42 U.S.C. § 

8255) Table 11-A presents agency funding (in 

nominal dollars) reported from FY 1985 through 

FY 2007 for energy conservation retrofits and 

capital equipment. Table 11-B presents the same 

information in constant 2007 dollars. Reports from 

Federal agencies indicated that $335.3 million was 

spent on energy efficiency projects in FY 2007, 

compared with $287.1 million in FY 2006, a 16.8 

percent increase in constant dollars. In some cases, 

the data provided by the agencies include funding 

from operation and maintenance accounts that was 

specifically identified as contributing to energy 

efficiency. 

 

The U.S. Postal Service reported $50.0 million in 

investment in FY 2007, a 40.2 percent increase 

from FY 2006. DHS increased its direct funding 

by more than 10 times from the previous year to 

$31.1 million in FY 2007. DOD funded $168.1 

million for energy efficiency projects in FY 2007, 

an increase of 3.6 percent from the previous year. 

GSA spent $19.9 million compared to $28.6 

million in FY 2006. VA reported funding $17.5 

million in FY 2007 up from $8.6 million in FY 

2006. 

2. Energy Savings Performance Contracts 

During FY 2007, 21 ESPC contracts or delivery 

orders were awarded at eight agencies. These include delivery orders awarded through the DOE/ 

FEMP Super ESPC programs as well as projects 

awarded by the DOD and the U.S. Postal Service. 

Project investment from these projects totaled 

approximately $165.9 million, providing the Government with an opportunity to save more than 1.1 

trillion Btu each year. Details of these contract 

awards are provided by agency in Table 12. 

Through a decentralized approach, DOD awarded 

the largest number of contracts/delivery orders 

with 10 ESPC projects in FY 2007. These 

contracts include many infrastructure upgrades 

and new equipment to help DOD installations 

reduce energy and water consumption. Examples 

include new thermal storage systems, chillers, 

boilers, lights, motors, energy management control 

systems (EMCS), and water reducing devices. 

28 
TABLE 10 

INVESTMENT IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN FY 2007 

(By Source of Funding and as a Percentage of Facility Energy Costs) 

Investment in Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy (FY 2007)

Agency Direct Obligations ESPC UESC Total Investment

Facility Energy 

Costs 

(FY 2007)

Total Investment 

as a 

% of Energy $

Financed 

Investment as a %

of Energy $

DHS $31,050,460 $31,308,918 $0 $62,359,378 $100,783,721 61.9% 31.1%

Smithsonian $0 $19,908,524 $0 $19,908,524 $33,601,600 59.2% 59.2%

EPA $5,654,170 $0 $0 $5,654,170 $19,859,676 28.5% 0.0%

HHS $2,498,000 $0 $34,748,509 $37,246,509 $168,434,787 22.1% 20.6%

Interior $10,884,500 $3,657,852 $0 $14,542,352 $94,926,740 15.3% 3.9%

NASA $11,155,000 $3,391,000 $4,895,000 $19,441,000 $156,206,500 12.4% 5.3%

USDA $4,210,890 $0 $5,460,000 $9,670,890 $80,346,457 12.0% 6.8%

Treasury $2,211,600 $0 $3,136,700 $5,348,300 $45,466,100 11.8% 6.9%

DOD $168,111,709 $96,693,600 $90,896,600 $355,701,909 $3,416,696,484 10.4% 5.5%

USPS $50,000,000 $3,534,600 $0 $53,534,600 $610,394,395 8.8% 0.6%

Archives $1,097,400 $0 $0 $1,097,400 $13,548,824 8.1% 0.0%

Commerce $3,787,909 $0 $0 $3,787,909 $48,218,406 7.9% 0.0%

RRB $35,000 $0 $0 $35,000 $530,900 6.6% 0.0%

GSA $19,864,400 $3,827,467 $0 $23,691,867 $421,245,300 5.6% 0.9%

VA $17,500,000 $0 $0 $17,500,000 $475,454,051 3.7% 0.0%

DOT $4,324,700 $0 $0 $4,324,700 $124,461,600 3.5% 0.0%

SSA $500,000 $0 $0 $500,000 $24,881,400 2.0% 0.0%

TVA $325,000 $0 $0 $325,000 $24,991,350 1.3% 0.0%

DOE $1,337,413 $3,557,332 $0 $4,894,745 $376,736,358 1.3% 0.9%

Labor $500,000 $0 $0 $500,000 $57,554,905 0.9% 0.0%

Justice $268,800 $0 $0 $268,800 $192,740,460 0.1% 0.0%

State $0 $0 $0 $0 $15,380,950 0.0% 0.0%

HUD $0 $0 $0 $0 $3,595,335 0.0% 0.0%

Total $335,316,951 $165,879,293 $139,136,809 $640,333,053 $6,506,056,298 9.8% 4.7%

Note: Total facility energy cost includes costs of the Smithsonian Institution which is not a Federal Executive Branch agency and therefore not 

included in the main data set of this report. It appears in this table in order to reflect its $19.9 million ESPC investment awarded under the 

DOE’s Super ESPC contract vehicle. 

Figure 8 

Investment in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, FY 2003 to FY 2007 

(Millions of As-Spent Dollars) 

$169 $181

$291 $281

$335

$122 $54

$92 $70

$139

$429

$123

$314

$166

$36

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$1,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Fiscal Year

Millions

Direct Appropriations UESC ESPC

$271

$505

$666

(ESPC Hiatus)

$720

$640

29 
TABLE 11-A 

AGENCY DIRECT EXPENDITURES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS, FY 1985 THRO

(THOUSANDS OF NOMINAL (AS-SPENT) DOLLARS) 

FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY 

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 DOD $136,100 $1,020 $189,600 $44,442 $57,113 $60,600 $103,490 $121,400 $188,961 $158,79USPS $55,300 $4,000 $10,050 $6,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $34,90

DHS $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,700 $1,740 $2,714 $2,81GSA $6,700 $11,125 $7,242 $17,000 $5,000 $4,500 $4,800 $5,000 $35,213 $28,00

VA $13,000 $11,200 $11,960 $0 $15,000 $898 $686 $2,000 $18,700 $8,42

NASA $11,800 $2,943 $20,666 $11,731 $6,045 $9,389 $8,501 $11,118 $10,950 $13,75

DOI $3,198 $0 $779 $23,999 $3,220 $22,800 $26,134 $5,740 $7,592 $10,46EPA $0 $0 $1,720 $0 $1,963 $1,684 $2,439 $3,458 $3,790 $2,95DOT $13,650 $0 $3,793 $2,664 $4,321 $2,085 $1,243 $978 $2,318 $2,28

USDA $2,500 $1,547 $2,894 $1,954 $2,100 $3,818 $2,000 $2,958 $2,655 $1,00

DOC $0 $0 $0 $257 $257 $1,883 $621 $3,537 $3,405 $4,96HHS $0 $427 $1,271 $8,440 $8,640 $1,771 $3,700 $2,934 $7,363 $2,09TRSY $0 $1,134 $2,810 $2,152 $4,670 $8,678 $7,854 $8,662 $2,379 $3,66DOE $14,800 $19,500 $30,200 $0 $2,000 $1,400 $1,500 $1,963 $1,951 $4,36

NARA $0 $0 $0 $0 $9 $68 $140 $100 $295 $58

DOL $238 $17 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $448 $50

SSA $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $1,000 $500 $175 $500 $885 $37

TVA $0 $0 $4,277 $284 $300 $365 $400 $336 $278 $27

DOJ $0 $6,100 $994 $1,170 $489 $968 $223 $1,300 $651 $78

RRB $0 $0 $33 $0 $35 $10 $15 $15 $15 $1

STATE $0 $0 $0 $0 $260 $4 $847 $70 $0 $3

HUD $0 $0 $43 $0 $55 $22 $68 $8 $0 $2

Total $257,286 $59,013 $288,332 $121,093 $112,476 $121,442 $166,536 $173,815 $290,563 $281,07

Notes: Does not include energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, and utility demand side management incentives. Ellipses after fiscal y

intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

30 
31 

TABLE 11-B 

AGENCY DIRECT EXPENDITURES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS, FY 1985 THRO

(THOUSANDS OF CONSTANT 2007 DOLLARS) 

FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY 

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 DOD $260,229 $1,659 $273,199 $52,346 $66,799 $69,735 $116,150 $131,528 $198,697 $162,19USPS $105,736 $6,504 $14,481 $7,067 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $35,65

DHS $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $1,908 $1,885 $2,854 $2,87GSA $12,811 $18,089 $10,435 $20,024 $5,848 $5,178 $5,387 $5,417 $37,027 $28,60VA $24,857 $18,211 $17,233 $0 $17,544 $1,033 $770 $2,167 $19,664 $8,60

NASA $22,562 $4,785 $29,778 $13,817 $7,070 $10,804 $9,541 $12,045 $11,514 $14,04

DOI $6,115 $0 $1,122 $28,267 $3,766 $26,237 $29,331 $6,219 $7,983 $10,68EPA $0 $0 $2,478 $0 $2,296 $1,938 $2,737 $3,746 $3,985 $3,01DOT $26,099 $0 $5,465 $3,138 $5,054 $2,399 $1,395 $1,060 $2,438 $2,33

USDA $4,780 $2,515 $4,170 $2,301 $2,456 $4,394 $2,245 $3,204 $2,792 $1,02

DOC $0 $0 $0 $303 $301 $2,167 $697 $3,832 $3,580 $5,06HHS $0 $694 $1,831 $9,941 $10,105 $2,038 $4,153 $3,179 $7,742 $2,14TRSY $0 $1,844 $4,049 $2,535 $5,462 $9,986 $8,815 $9,384 $2,502 $3,74DOE $28,298 $31,707 $43,516 $0 $2,339 $1,611 $1,684 $2,127 $2,052 $4,46

NARA $0 $0 $0 $0 $10 $78 $157 $108 $310 $59

DOL $455 $28 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $471 $51

SSA $0 $0 $0 $1,178 $1,170 $575 $196 $542 $931 $37

TVA $0 $0 $6,163 $335 $351 $420 $449 $363 $292 $28

DOJ $0 $9,919 $1,432 $1,378 $572 $1,113 $250 $1,408 $685 $80

RRB $0 $0 $48 $0 $41 $12 $17 $16 $16 $1

STATE $0 $0 $0 $0 $304 $4 $951 $76 $0 $3

HUD $0 $0 $62 $0 $64 $26 $76 $8 $0 $2

Total $491,943 $95,956 $415,464 $142,630 $131,551 $139,749 $186,909 $188,315 $305,534 $287,10

Notes: Does not include energy savings performance contracts, utility energy service contracts, and utility demand side management incentives. Ellipses after fiscal y

intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports
Normally, cost savings are used to first pay the 

contractor, and then are used to offset other base 

operating support expenses. In some cases, 

however, installations decided to seek a shorter 

contract term and defer all Government cost 

savings until contract completion. In these cases, 

the savings generated by ESPCs help to reduce the 

energy consumption, but do not reduce the total 

cost of operation until the contracts expire. After 

contract expiration and the retrofits are paid in 

full, DOD will retain any future cost savings. 

During FY 2007, 15 delivery orders were awarded 

under DOE/FEMP Super ESPCs. Super ESPCs are 

broad area indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity 

(IDIQ) contracts that allow agencies to negotiate 

site-specific performance-based delivery orders 

with an energy service company under the umbrella contracts. Project investment totaled $144.4 

million, providing annual savings of almost 883.9 

billion Btu to the Government. 

TABLE 12 

ENERGY SAVINGS PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS, DELIVERY ORDERS, AND 

CONTRACT MODIFICATIONS AWARDED BY FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FY 2007 

Agency 

Number of 

Delivery Orders/ 

Modifications/ 

Contracts 

Project 

Investment 

(Thou. $) 

Total 

Guaranteed 

Cost Savings 

Payment to 

Contractor 

Net Savings to 

Government 

(Thou. $) 

Annual Energy 

Savings (MMBtu) 

Range of 

Contract Length 

(Years) 

DOD 10 $96,694 $257,836 $239,401 $18,435 778,257 15-20 

DHS 3 $31,309 $50,677 $50,677 $0 124,115 11-13 

USPS 3 $3,535 $4,719 $4,719 $0 51,397 Not reported 

DOE 1 $3,557 $12,674 $12,602 $71 41,272 24 

GSA 1 $3,827 $8,587 $8,900 -$313* 30,620 17 

Interior 1 $3,658 $7,269 $7,263 $6 29,263 20 

NASA 1 $3,391 $8,174 $7,447 $727 19,050 Not reported 

Smithsonian 1 $19,909 $44,563 $43,348 $1,216 42,121 20 

Total 21 $165,879 $394,499 $374,357 $20,141 1,116,095 11-24 

*Payments to contractor exceed guaranteed cost savings due to pre-performance period payments made to reduce financing. 

3. Utility Energy Service Contracts 

In FY 2007, Federal agencies awarded 35 

UESCs as shown in Table 13. Total project 

investment in the projects totaled $139.1 

million. The estimated annual energy savings 

from the 35 projects is 1.1 trillion Btu. 

Of the 35 UESCs awarded in FY 2007, 25 were 

implemented by the DOD. Projects were undertaken to accomplish a wide variety of energy 

and water efficiency improvements. Contracts 

were put in place to perform infrastructure 

upgrades and purchase new equipment. 

Examples of equipment purchased with UESCs 

include: HVAC and steam system upgrades, 

chillers, boilers, lights, motors, EMCS systems 

and water reducing devices. 

TABLE 13 

UTILITY ENERGY SERVICE CONTRACTS AND DELIVERY ORDERS AWARDED 

BY FEDERAL AGENCIES IN FY 2007

Agency 

Number of Delivery 

Orders/ Contracts 

Total Project Investment 

(Thou. $) 

Financed Investment 

(Thou. $) 

Appropriations 

(Thou. $) 

Annual Energy Savings

(MMBtu) 

DOD 25 $90,897 $89,206 $1,691.0 732,096 

HHS 5 $34,749 $34,749 $0.0 228,212 

Treasury 3 $3,137 $3,137 $0.0 11,500 

NASA 1 $4,895 $4,895 $0.0 60,878 

USDA 1 $5,460 $5,460 $0.0 30,000 

Total 35 $139,137 $137,446 $1,691 1,062,687 

32 
III. INTERAGENCY EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION 

A. Federal Coordination 

In FY 2007, meetings of the Federal Interagency 

Energy Management Task Force were held on 

November 20, 2007; September 19, 2007; July 18, 

2007; May 24, 2007; April 18, 2007; January 18, 

2007; and November 15, 2006. The memoranda of 

record from these meetings are posted at 

www1.eere.energy.gov/ femp/about/fiemtf.html. 

Issues highlighted in these meetings included the 

following: 

• Agency energy management programs, budgets, challenges, opportunities, and activities 

to meet reduction and renewable energy goals 

for FY 2007. 

• Distribution and discussion of issues relating 

to FY 2007 energy reporting requirements. 

• Guidance for completing annual reports and 

scorecards. 

• Discussion and clarification of Executive 

Order 13423 Implementing Instructions. 

• The discussion and release of guidelines to 

help Federal agencies meeting energy management and renewable energy requirements 

mandated in the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 

2005 and Executive Order 13423, including 

the completion of 2007 Federal Energy 

Management Program Renewable Energy 

Requirement Guidance for EPAct 2005 and 

Executive Order 13423 and Establishing Baseline and Meeting Water Conservation Goals of 

Executive Order 13423. 

• The importance of the work and growth of the 

energy savings performance program. 

• Federal Energy and Water Management 

Awards and the Presidential Leadership in 

Federal Energy Management event status and 

successes. 

• FEMP’s technical assistance programs, 

workshops, and conferences related to Federal 

energy management. 

B. Training 

Many agencies have their own internal training 

and recognition programs. Overall, Federal 

agencies reported spending $10.7 million to train 

21,680 Federal personnel in energy efficiency, 

renewable energy, and water conservation projects. During FY 2007, FEMP conducted training 

workshops and symposia for approximately 2,229 

attendees. FEMP workshops conducted during FY 

2007 included the following: 

• Advanced ESPC/Financing, 

• Best Practices Steam Systems Tool Suite 

Webcast, 

• Energy Conference 

• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy in 

Historic Buildings 

• Evolving Energy Markets 

• Federal Energy Management Advisory 

Committee Meeting 

• FUPWG Meeting (Federal Utility Partnership 

Working Group Meeting) 

• Interagency Task Force Meeting 

• Intermediate Level Distributed Energy 

• Energy 2006 Conference 

• Introduction to ESPC 

• Introduction to Super ESPC Course 

• Labs 21 Advanced Course: Laboratory 

Ventilation Design 

• Super ESPC Program Meeting 

• Utility Energy Services Contracts (UESC) 

 GovEnergy 2007, the premiere energy efficiency 

workshop and exposition for Federal agencies, 

was held in New Orleans, Louisiana August 5 – 8, 

2007. The conference was sponsored by FEMP, 

and co-sponsored by the U.S. Departments of 

Defense, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland 

Security; the U.S. General Services 

Administration; and the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. The conference provided 

participants with opportunities to explore such 

topics as innovative procurement strategies, 

improving building operations, use of alternative 

financing, increasing renewable energy use, the 

latest in new technology advances, and an update 

on recent Federal energy legislation. 

The conference had panel discussions and an 

exhibit hall featuring advanced energy efficiency 

products and services. A total of 1,875 people 

attended the conference, a 30 percent growth from 

33 
the previous year. The expo included participation 

of 84 exhibitors. 

 

C. Awards and Recognition 

Outstanding accomplishments in energy efficiency 

and water conservation in the Federal sector were 

recognized with the presentation of the 2007 

Federal Energy and Water Management Awards 

on November 2, 2007. Awards were selected from 

outstanding Federal energy managers who have 

demonstrated: 

• third-party financing with the private sector to 

accomplish projects; 

• sustainable design principles; 

• highly-efficient and secure combined heat and 

power generating plants; 

• renewable energy installations; 

• purchase of energy efficient products; and 

• public outreach programs 

There were 25 awardees representing nine 

different Federal Agencies. Through a combination of public and private partnerships, the award 

winners collectively saved more than $18.3 

million in energy expenses and 2.9 trillion Btu. 

Distribution of awards among Federal agencies is 

indicated in Table 12. 

The Presidential Awards in Leadership in Federal 

Energy Management recognize highly successful 

efforts, leadership, and support in promoting and 

improving Federal energy management. These 

awards were held in 2007 at the Eisenhower 

Executive Office Building in Washington, DC. 

Five organizations, the Departments of Defense, 

Homeland Security, Energy, Interior, Justice, and 

the Environmental Protection Agency, received 

this prestigious award. These organizations included 51 federal employees and contractors and 

were responsible for efforts that resulted in 

estimated annual savings of more than $133 

million and almost 4.6 trillion Btu, equivalent to 

the energy used in approximately 50,000 typical 

homes. 

TABLE 14 

2007 FEDERAL ENERGY AND WATER MANAGEMENT AWARDS 

BY GROUP AND TYPE 

Agency Individual Small 

Group 

Organization Total Energy 

Efficiency 

Renewable 

Energy 

Water 

Conservation 

Energy 

Security 

Exceptional 

Service 

USDA 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 

USAF/DOD 1 3 3 7 2 1 3 1 0 

Army/DOD 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 

US Marine Corps/DOD 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 

Navy/DOD 2 0 5 7 7 0 0 0 0 

DOI 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 

DOE 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 

EPA 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 

GSA 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 

HHS 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 

USPS 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 

VA 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 

TOTAL 8 6 11 25 13 5 4 1 2 

 

34 
D. Public Education Programs 

 

The DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and 

Renewable Energy (EERE) Information Center 

provides basic, technical, and financial information on various energy efficiency and renewable 

energy technologies and programs. The EERE 

Information Center telephone number is 877-337-

3463. The EERE Information Center has two 

operations—the Message Center and the Mail 

Center. The Message Center is the location where 

the calls are answered, and emails and letters are 

received. The Mail Center ships the products 

requested from the orders received from the 

Message Center. 

EERE maintains a website (www.eere.energy.gov) 

and offers free subscriptions to the EERE Network 

News e-mail newsletter. The number of visitors to 

the EERE website has increased from 12,000 in 

FY 1996 to 602,926 in FY 2007. EERE Network 

News showed steady subscribers growth 

throughout the year. Since last year, the number of 

subscribers has increased by 2,128. The national 

attention to energy efficiency and renewable 

energy issues contributed to this impressive 

growth. In FY 2006, the site’s subscriber base 

grew 29 percent—the largest increase in one year. 

The Energy Information Administration's National 

Energy Information Center (NEIC) serves as the 

world-wide energy information point of contact 

for energy information for Federal, State, and local 

agencies; the academic community; researchers; 

industrial and commercial organizations; foreign 

governments and international organizations; the 

news media; financial institutions, and the general 

public. NEIC distributes this information through 

the Agency’s Web site (www.eia.doe.gov), printed 

publications, listserv notices, press releases, and 

the National Contact Center (Center). During FY 

2007 the Center responded to over 26,044 telephone, e-mail, and postal inquiries on energy 

production, consumption, prices, analyses, and 

forecasts. The EIA website recorded 36.3 million 

user sessions. Inquiries maybe received by telephone at 202-586-8800, e-mail at InfoCtr@

eia.doe.gov and postal delivery at Energy Information Administration 1000 Independence Ave. (EI3), SW., Washington, DC 20585. 

The Office of Scientific and Technical Information 

(OSTI), as part of the Office of Science, provides 

leadership and coordination for the DOE-wide 

Scientific and Technical Information Program 

(STIP). In this capacity, OSTI assures access by 

DOE, the scientific research community, 

academia, U.S. industry, and the public to DOE 

research results in support of the DOE mission. In 

this capacity, OSTI assures access by DOE, the 

scientific research community, academia, U.S. 

industry, and the public to DOE research results in 

support of the DOE mission. Key collections 

developed and maintained by OSTI on behalf of 

DOE include Energy Citations Database (ECD), 

the DOE Information Bridge, the E-print Network, 

Research and Development (R&D) Project 

Summaries, and EnergyFiles. In FY 2007 there 

were more than 74 million transactions for Web 

products maintained on OSTI servers. 

 

The DOE public information mechanisms include 

several direct service programs designed to 

provide technical assistance to specific target 

groups. Two of these programs are the State 

Energy Program (SEP) and the Industrial Assessment Center Program. 

SEP provides funding to states to carry out their 

own energy efficiency and renewable energy 

programs. SEP funding enables state energy 

offices to design and implement programs 

according to the needs of their economies, the 

potential of their natural resources, and the participation of local industries. States use grants to 

address their energy priorities and program 

funding to adopt emerging renewable energy and 

energy efficiency technologies. Funding from SEP 

goes to state energy offices in all states and U.S. 

territories. SEP projects are managed by state 

energy offices, not by DOE directly. There are 

three sources of funding for DOE’s SEP: DOE 

grants, SEP Special Projects, and Petroleum 

Violation Escrow (PVE) Funds. 

The SEP provides grants based on a yearly 

appropriation by Congress and a formula that 

takes into account population and energy 

consumption in each state. The second source of 

funding is from technology programs in DOE’s 

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable 

35 
36 

Energy for deployment projects in the states. 

EERE awards this funding annually to state energy 

offices through a competitive solicitation for SEP 

Special Projects. Since the competition for these 

funds is keen, many states join forces with private 

sector partners and contribute their own funds 

toward these projects. State energy offices can use 

PVE funds for SEP projects if they appear in the 

SEP plan that the states file yearly with DOE. 

These funds proceed from court settlements for 

overcharges by oil companies in the 1970s and 

1980s. The last distribution of PVE funds was in 

the late 1980s, and a final distribution of funding 

from these escrow accounts was scheduled for 

2005. The SEP plays a role when the state energy 

office is involved in the project, the State Energy 

Program provides funding, or the state uses 

petroleum violation escrow funds for part of the 

project and it is in the states SEP plan. The results 

from the State Energy Program reflect the work of 

state energy offices. The outcome is an innovative 

deployment of new energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies across the geographic 

panorama of the United States and its territories. 

Additional information is on their website: 

www.eere.energy.gov/state_energy_program. 

The Industrial Assessment Centers (IACs), sponsored by EERE's Industrial Technologies Program, 

provide no-cost energy, waste, and productivity 

assessments to help eligible small and mid-sized 

manufacturers identify measures to maximize 

energy-efficiency, reduce waste, and improve productivity. Additionally, the IACs serve as a 

training ground for the next-generation of energy 

savvy engineers. The assessments are conducted 

by local teams of engineering faculty and students 

from 26 participating universities across the 

country. Additional information is on the website: 

www.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/ 

iacs.html. 
IV. FEDERAL AGENCY ENERGY MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES 

A. Department of Agriculture 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, USDA reported using 70,580 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, an 

18.2 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

86,281 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. USDA received 

credit for purchases of 197.2 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the performance measure of these buildings from 74,011 

Btu/GSF to 70,580 Btu/GSF. Without the credit 

for renewable energy purchases, USDA’s reduction from FY 2003 is 14.2 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007, USDA reported 4,639 of its buildings 

metered for electricity use. This represents 49.1 

percent of the total electricity consumed by 

USDA. 

In FY 2007, USDA and its agencies attained all of 

the milestones on its metering plan, including 

issuing metering objectives, policy and guidance; 

conducting metering infrastructure surveys; developing financing strategies; and conducting 

training, outreach and awareness activities. Additionally, all USDA facilities within the National 

Capital Region, which includes the USDA Headquarters Complex and the George Washington 

Carver Center, have advanced electric meters 

installed. 

ARS has conducted an in-house electric meter 

survey of all of its buildings. Additionally, ARS 

has contracted for planning phase services in 

support of the electric metering project. The A-E 

firm will validate the in-house electric meter 

survey, determine the cost/benefit of installing the 

metering and projected energy cost savings, 

provide metering recommendations to meet the 

requirements of EPACT 2005, and develop 

general conceptual designs including cost and 

schedule estimates. The results of this report will 

be used to obtain funding, and for subsequent 

meter design and installation. 

The Forest Service estimates that approximately 

4,500 buildings are currently metered either 

internally or by the local utility with standard 

meters; this represents an estimated 50 percent of 

the buildings that have electricity service. In FY 

2007, the Forest Service funded a project through 

the Missoula Technology and Development 

Center, which is reviewing available advanced 

meters and software, preparing to install these 

meters at three pilot sites, and will evaluate the 

results in FY 2008. 

New Building Designs 

USDA began the design process for six new 

facilities during FY 2007. Of these six facilities, 

five will be designed to use 30 percent less energy 

than relevant code. Federal building energy 

efficiency standards do not apply to one of these 

facilities, a campground facility, but the design 

will achieve the maximum level of energy 

efficiency that is life-cycle cost-effective. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, USDA reported using 59,792 megawatthours (MWh) of renewable electric energy, 

equivalent to 10.5 percent of its facility electricity 

use. Of this total, 58,252 MWh was from new 

renewable sources developed after January 1, 

1999. In addition, USDA received a bonus of 444 

MWh of electricity generated on Federal or Indian 

land. Almost all of USDA’s renewable electricity 

use was from new sources, meeting the Executive 

Order goal. Eligible old renewable electricity use 

by USDA totaled 1,096 MWh. 

Also, as part of its Renewable Energy Systems and 

Energy Efficiency Improvements program, USDA 

made available $176.5 million in loan guarantees 

and almost $11.4 million in grants to support 

investments in renewable energy and energy 

efficiency improvements by agricultural producers 

and small businesses. The Renewable Energy and 

Energy Efficiency loan and grant program was 

established under Section 9006 of the 2002 Farm 

Bill to encourage agricultural producers and small 

rural businesses to create renewable and energy 

efficient systems. 

37 
Self Generated Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, USDA agencies generated a total of 

514 million Btu on-site. ARS’s Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), has installed 

approximately 74 generators operated by B-20 

(biodiesel fuel) in its facilities. Though the use of 

these generators is infrequent, each recycled at 

least once a month during FY 2007. BARC 

utilizes a turbine at the dairy fueled by methane 

abstracted from animal waste. Also, the ARS 

facility in Bushland, Texas operated nine wind 

energy systems which generated 40.6 MWh of 

electricity. 

The Forest Service continued to install photovoltaic systems at remote sites, and used passive 

solar design strategies, to the greatest extent 

possible, in new facility design and construction. 

Since 1990, Forest Service has installed over 500 

photovoltaic units mainly at remote sites formerly 

served by fossil-fueled generators. In FY 2007 

there were many self-generated renewable energy 

projects implemented or continued across National 

Forest System lands. This included eight 90-watt 

photovoltaic panels and one 75-watt photovoltaic 

panel were installed at Trappers Lake (in Colorado) to provide power for a remote water 

distribution system that serves 60 campsites. The 

panels provide power to operate a 400 watt well 

pump and a 19-watt chlorinator pump. Estimated 

annual energy generated is 155 kWh per year. This 

power is generated and used on Federal lands. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, USDA invested $9.67 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

12.0 percent of its total facility energy costs. Of 

this total, $4.2 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $5.4 was financed through UESCs. 

In FY 2007, USDA agencies realized energy and 

cost savings from Energy Savings Performance 

Contracts (ESPCs) awarded in previous fiscal 

years. USDA agencies are considering and 

pursuing other ESPCs opportunities. Specifically, 

agencies are reviewing data from the Federal 

Energy Management Program’s Energy Efficiency 

Expert Evaluations (E4) and other energy audits 

conducted in FY 2007 to determine if it will be 

cost effective to employ the use of ESPCs or 

Utility Energy Services Contracts (UESC) as a 

follow-up to the site evaluations and audits. 

USDA’s Office of Operations signed a UESC with 

Washington Gas Energy Services in FY 2007. The 

UESC is a ten year contract for $10 million and 

covers the USDA Headquarters (HQ) Complex 

and the George Washington Carver Center 

(located in Beltsville, Maryland); these two 

facilities cover more than three million gross 

square feet. The UESC is open to all USDA 

agencies that operate facilities within the 

Washington Gas service area. The HQ Complex 

projects began with an investment grade energy 

audit, and will potentially explore ECMs for 

electrical and mechanical systems, lighting, 

heating and cooling upgrades, weatherization, 

water conservation, co-generation, summer steam 

use reduction through on-site generation, as well 

as renewable and alternative energy projects. 

Estimated energy and cost savings will be 

determined once the full audit results are finalized 

in mid-FY 2008. 

The ARS facility in Gainesville, Florida is starting 

the process to implement an ESPC. The project 

plans to include controls and ventilation upgrades 

and the use of renewable energy (i.e., thermal and 

photovoltaic solar energy). Other ARS locations 

are also considering employing the use of an 

ESPC, such as the facility in Weslaco, Texas 

where an E4 energy audit was conducted in the 

latter part of FY 2007. ARS is also reconsidering a 

previously investigated ESPC at its Athens, 

Georgia facility. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, USDA reported using 2,150.9 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $4.9 million in 57.5 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for USDA water 

consumption of 37.4 gallons per gross square foot. 

The average unit cost for USDA water nationwide 

in FY 2007 was $2.27 per thousand gallons, which 

is consistent with other GSA/Federal national 

water costs. USDA lacks a departmental system 

for tracking water use, and has to rely on costbased estimates (from water, trash, and other 

utilities object class accounting codes) for 

reporting. However, improved data collection 

38 
continues to capture more consumption and costs 

each year. 

USDA and its agencies reported implementation 

of a wide variety of new and ongoing water 

conserving methods and practices. Within ARS, 

water meters, rain sensors, leak detection devices, 

and aspirators were installed at various locations. 

The Forest Service reported implementing many 

water conservation measures during FY 2007, 

including installed water meters as part of new 

construction projects, installing low-flow devices, 

and using native plant species for landscaping. 

Huge reductions in water use, within the Office of 

Operations, were attributed to process 

improvements such as decreased irrigation, fixture 

upgrades, chiller improvements and account 

reviews with the water provider. The Office of 

Operations also formed the USDA Headquarters 

Sustainable Landscape Partnership to address 

sustainable landscaping at USDA facilities within 

the National Capital Region. 

Training 

In FY 2007, USDA reported training 331 

employees at a cost of $28,700. In FY 2007, 

USDA personnel participated in energy 

management-related training sessions throughout 

FY 2007 from a variety of sources, including 

Department of Energy’s Federal Energy 

Management Program, the U.S. Green Building 

Council (USGBC) and the Association of Energy 

Engineers. Numerous representatives from USDA 

agencies participated in the series of Electric 

Metering Webcasts and the GovEnergy 

Conference sponsored by FEMP. Additionally, 

USDA employees attended green building 

seminars and workshops conducted by USGBC, 

Green Globes and other training providers. 

USDA’s Facilities Energy and Water Program 

Manager received AEE certifications in Measurement and Verification (of energy savings), as 

well as Sustainable Development. Also, USDA’s 

Office of Operations maintained three trained 

Certified Energy Managers on staff. Other training 

events attended by USDA personnel addressed 

topics such as, E.O. 13423, Energy Saving 

Performance Contracts (ESPC), and 

Environmental Management Systems. 

USDA developed the Sustainable Operations 

Website, which provides employees with access to 

energy-related policy, guidance, scorecards and 

other resources associated with the management 

and operations of USDA facilities and fleet 

vehicles. Also, USDA disseminated hundreds of 

copies of various energy awareness and educational materials throughout the Department as 

part of the YHTP campaign. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Charles D. Johnson 

Energy and Water Program Manager 

Energy and Environment Division 

Office of Procurement and Property Management 

U.S. Department of Agriculture 

1400 Independence Avenue, SW 

Washington, DC 20250 

Phone: 202-720-2941 

Fax: 202-720-8972 

Email: charles.d.johnson@usda.gov 

39 
B. Department of Commerce 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOC reported using 152,304 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

22.3 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

195,966 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOC received 

credit for purchases of 7.7 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

152,870 Btu/GSF to 152,304 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, DOC’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 22.0 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007 DOC reported 765 of its buildings 

metered for electricity use. This represents 55.4 

percent of the total electricity consumed by DOC. 

The NIST staff has identified the facilities 

requiring advanced meters at both their 

Gaithersburg, MD, campus, and Boulder, CO, 

campuses. NIST has used an advanced metering 

system at their Gaithersburg, MD, site for several 

years, and has advanced metering installed on 85 

percent of its appropriate facilities (22 buildings) 

on the campus. During FY 2007, NIST completed 

installation of advanced metering on two 

additional buildings on its Gaithersburg, MD, 

campus. 

The Herbert C. Hoover Building in Washington 

D.C. is a GSA-owned building and has been 

identified to undergo a major multi-year 

renovation. Advanced metering will be installed as 

part of the renovation project. Other Department 

facilities have been more of a challenge for 

advanced metering. Census occupies a group of 

small, GSA-owned buildings in Jeffersonville, IN, 

most of which are already separately metered with 

standard meters. Census will work with GSA to 

determine if the metering should be upgraded, and 

if so, who should pay for the project. NOAA’s 

facilities are primarily small buildings. NOAA is 

in the process of identifying those buildings that 

require metering upgrades, and programming them 

for installation of the advanced meters. 

New Building Designs 

DOC began the design process for one new facility 

during FY 2007. It is still to be determined if the 

facility will use 30 percent less energy than 

relevant code. It has already been determined that 

it will achieve the maximum level of energy 

efficiency that is life-cycle cost effective. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, DOC reported using 15.7 billion Btu 

in its excluded buildings, 0.75 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. DOC’s excluded 

buildings occupy approximately 25,000 gross 

square feet, 0.2 percent of the agency’s total 

facility space. The Department has excluded 

several facilities from the requirements of EPACT 

2005. These facilities, categorized as Assumed 

Excluded Structures, are primarily radar and radio 

transmitter facilities. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOC reported using 9,577 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

8,417 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DOC 

received a bonus of 61 MWh of electricity 

generated on Federal or Indian land. More than 

half of DOC’s renewable electricity use was from 

new sources, meeting the Executive Order goal. 

Eligible old renewable electricity use by DOC 

totaled 1,100 MWh. 

Operating units in the Department are responsible 

for funding and implementing the use of renewable energy. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

Small-scale projects that self-generate energy 

using renewable sources (such as photovoltaics or 

wind turbines) or renewable energy thermal 

projects (such as solar thermal, biomass, or 

geothermal) are used to supplement commercial 

power. NOAA continues to operate a 6-kilowatt 

(kW) photovoltaic unit in American Samoa and a 

10-kW photovoltaic system in San Diego, 

California. NIST continues to operate its 32-kW 

photovoltaic array on the roof of the Administration Building at its Gaithersburg, Maryland, 

facility. The NIST campus in Boulder, Colorado, 

also has solar-powered lighting for its Building 2 

parking lot. In 2007, the NOAA and NIST systems 

40 
produced a total of 26.8 MWh and 33.9 MWh of 

electricity, respectively. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

NOAA continues to purchase wind-generated 

renewable power to supply a portion of the 

electrical needs at their Boulder, CO facilities. In 

FY 2007, NOAA consumed 1,129 MWh of purchased renewable energy. NIST purchased 5,300 

MWh of renewable energy certificates to meet 

their renewable energy goals for FY 2007. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOC invested $3.8 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 7.9 

percent of its total facility energy costs. DOC did 

not finance any projects with energy savings 

performance contracts during FY 2007. 

NOAA continues to try to find a way to utilize 

ESPCs. A strategy has been developed to combine 

small facilities to be more attractive to the energy 

service companies. 

The Department Energy Program Manager 

participates in the Federal ESPC Steering 

Committee, and has requested that the committee 

create a working group to develop solutions for 

small sites. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOC reported using 352.1 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $1.6 million in 13.6 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final water baseline of 25.8 gallons 

per gross square foot. 

The Department’s water consumption baseline is 

composed of actual water meter readings for the 

NIST, NTIS and OS facilities. The Census facility 

obtains its water from an on-site well, and 

estimates its consumption. NOAA facilities are a 

combination of metered water usage and estimated 

well water consumption. 

NIST is constructing a project to reclaim ground 

water at the Advanced Measurement Laboratory 

complex in Gaithersburg, MD, to redirect this 

water as make-up water at the Central Plant’s 

cooling towers. The project is expected to be 

completed in FY 2008 and meet all water 

conservation metrics mandated by E.O. 13423. 

NIST also installed low-flow aerators on all sinks 

and showers at the at its Boulder, CO facility. 

The OS staff implemented a plan to fix leaking 

water fixtures in the Herbert C. Hoover Building 

(HCHB), and initiated a public awareness 

campaign announcing the program and 

encouraging HCHB employees to report leaks 

promptly. 

Training 

In FY 2007, DOC reported training 114 energy 

managers at a cost of $52,500. The Agency 

Energy Team promotes energy-related training 

opportunities for facility energy management 

personnel. Annually, employees attend the Federal 

government-sponsored energy training workshop. 

Operating units make energy awareness a key part 

of their energy programs, using materials provided 

through the FEMP You Have the Power program 

as well as other supplemental materials. The 

Department implements annual energy conservation awareness campaigns in conjunction with 

Energy Awareness Month and Earth Day. 

Energy Management Contact 

Ms. Regina Larrabee (in FY 2007) 

Energy Conservation Officer 

Office of Real Estate Policy 

U.S. Department of Commerce 

14th and Constitution Avenue, NW, Room 1036 

Washington, DC 20230 

Phone: 202-482-2345 

Fax: 202-482-1969 

E-mail: rlarrabee@doc.gov

41 
C. Department of Defense 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOD reported using 104,416 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

10.1 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

116,134 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOD received 

credits for purchases of 5,051.7 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007 and for project 

source energy savings of 2,455.1 billion Btu, 

reducing the performance measure of these 

buildings from 108,383 Btu/GSF to 104,416 

Btu/GSF. Without these credits, DOD’s reduction 

from FY 2003 is 6.7 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007 DOD reported 28,170 of its buildings 

metered for electricity. This represents 30.6 

percent of the total electricity consumed by DOD. 

DOD reported advanced electricity meters on 

2,552 of its buildings. This figure represents 3.3 

percent of the total electricity consumed by DOD. 

The Department of the Army achieved 100 percent 

of its agency metering plan milestones in FY 

2007. Those milestones were to 1) prioritize Army 

installations for central funding of installing 

meters in compliance with EPACT 2005 

requirements, 2) develop a performance 

specification for metering equipment as the 

standard to be used on all centrally funded 

installations, and 3) develop an acquisition plan 

for procuring equipment and services to execute 

the Army Metering Implementation Plan. 

The Department of the Navy has established an 

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Program 

and is currently performing a global evaluation of 

all sites and developing a full site design for a 

prototype deployment. 

The Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) 

metering plan is being revised to coordinate 

additional metering and advanced metering with 

individual host installations as they pursue their 

DOD metering plans. The goal is to reimburse the 

host installations for meters installed with the 

understanding that DeCA will have real time, 

electronic access to metered data for energy 

monitoring and analysis purposes. 

New Building Designs 

DOD began the design process for 193 new 

facilities during FY 2007. Of these facilities, 55 

are expected to exceed the ASHRAE 90.1 

requirements by at least 30 percent. 

A total of 129 facilities will not use 30 percent less 

energy than relevant code nor will they achieve the 

maximum level of energy efficiency that is lifecycle cost effective. A majority of these facilities 

are Navy facilities that were all initiated (and 

budgeted for) prior to the established requirements 

of EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 13423. Navy 

policy is now in place that requires compliance 

with the EPACT 2005 and Executive Order 13423 

for all new buildings beginning in FY 2009. 

Four facilities will not use 30 percent less energy 

than relevant code, but will be designed to achieve 

the maximum level of energy efficiency that is 

life-cycle cost-effective. The calculations of 

design and energy use for five facilities have either 

not been calculated or are unknown. One facility, 

BRAC Visiting Officers Quarters, did not provide 

any new construction project information. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007 the DOD reported using 12.9 trillion 

Btu in its excluded buildings, 5.9 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. DOD’s excluded buildings occupy 61.7 million square feet, 3.2 percent 

of the agency’s total facility space. 

The Department of the Navy excludes mission 

critical, concentrated energy use transmitters, 

simulators, cold iron support to ships, and some 

private party facilities as authorized by the DOE 

exclusion criteria. The Air Force has identified 

several exempt facilities. Numerous military 

family housing facilities are privatized or in the 

process of privatization with the utility systems 

belonging to the housing contractor. The housing 

contractor pays for the costs of the utilities 

excluding them from the energy goals. Several 

communication/test lab facilities are also being 

considered as excluded due to energy intensive 

loads driven by mission and operational 

requirements and not influenced by conventional 

building energy conservation measures. 

42 
Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOD reported using 1,639,924 MWh 

of renewable electric energy, equivalent to 5.5 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

898,911 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DOD 

received a bonus of 67,848 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. 

More than half of DOD’s renewable electricity use 

was from new sources, meeting the Executive 

Order goal. Eligible old renewable electricity use 

by DOD totaled 673,165 MWh. 

 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

The Army had 30 active renewable energy 

projects operating in FY 2007. Of the total, 15 

were generating electricity qualifying for credit 

toward the renewable energy goal and nearly all 

the energy produced was used on-site in Federal 

Army facilities. The exception was an Army 

National Guard site at which some of the electricity generated was used on state-owned 

buildings. The Army retained the renewable 

attributes of the electricity generated for all but 

one of these projects, a PV roof project at U.S. 

Army Garrison, Mannheim Germany. This project 

was funded by the local municipal electric 

company, which retained the attributes to meet 

host nation renewable portfolio requirements. The 

following two new projects were implemented in 

FY 2007: 

• A PV street/parking lot lighting project was 

implemented at White Sands Missile Range, 

NM with a 3.3 kW capacity. 

• A PV Anderson pool project was implemented in Fort Knox, KY with a 2.0 kW 

capacity. 

In addition to the projects implemented in FY 

2007, the Army obtains a substantial amount of 

electricity generated from renewable sources from 

hydropower at Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois; PV 

panels at Fort Irwin, California; PV and wind 

power at Fort Huachuca, Arizona; a large PV array 

at Kwajalein Atoll; and eight separate PV and 

wind power projects implemented by the Arizona 

Army National Guard with over 60 kW of total 

capacity. 

The Navy is increasing generation of renewable 

energy, operating the largest wind/diesel hybrid 

plant in the world and the two largest Federal PV 

systems in the United States. The Navy is 

generating “free” thermal energy from the waste 

heat of five cogeneration systems, and contracted 

for a sixth plant in Yokosuka Japan, due to be on 

line in June 2008. Navy projects made operational 

in FY 2007 include: 

Photovoltaics 

Naval Base Ventura County, CA 

Naval Support Detachment Monterey, CA 

Naval Air Facility El Centro, CA 

Fleet Activities Yokosuka, Japan 

Solar Thermal 

Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms, CA 

The Air Force has a number of self generating 

renewable energy projects, including: 

• Cannon AFB, New Mexico, and Davis 

Monthan AFB, Arizona, installed solarpowered street and security lighting. 

• Moody AFB, Georgia, installed solar 

water heating for an indoor pool reducing 

natural gas consumption by 50 percent 

resulting in $20,000 annual savings. 

• Hill AFB, Utah, generated approximately 2.1 

MWh of electricity from landfill gas. The 

project was constructed with planned 

expansion in mind. A current contract 

modification is in place to increase plant 

capacity by adding a 3rd generator, effectively 

increasing plant production to 3.2 MW. 

• Laughlin AFB, Texas, awarded a project for 

installation of six 1 MW architectural wind 

turbines. 

• Eielson AFB, Alaska, refuse derived fuel 

(RDF) program collected and processed over 

560 tons of paper products for use in the 

base’s Central Heat and Power Plant providing 

7,820 million Btu of energy and saving 500 

tons of coal. The program reduced the waste 

stream entering the Fairbanks North Star 

Borough from both the base and the Borough. 

The program is currently suspended because 

the pellet plant is inoperable. 

43 
• Eielsen AFB, Alaska, has solar panel 

controller installations at 23 range sites 

resulting in 13 MWh of production which 

saved 464 gallons of propane. 

• Eielsen AFB, Alaska, has wind turbines at 17 

of the remote range sites that resulted in 45.6 

MWh of electricity production. The wind 

turbines saved 1,700 gallons of propane. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

The Army purchased 93,000 MWh of electricity 

qualifying toward the renewable energy goal, the 

majority of which is in the form of renewable 

energy certificates (REC) at Fort Lewis, 

Washington, and Fort Carson, Colorado. 

Most of the purchased energy that came from 

renewable sources was from municipal solid waste 

plants at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, and 

Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The thermal 

energy does not qualify toward the EPACT 2005 

renewable energy goal; however purchase 

decisions were based on economics, consistent 

with the Army Energy and Water Campaign Plan 

for Installations, as energy is purchased from these 

plants at the equivalent average cost of less than 

six cents per kilowatt-hour. 

The Navy generated and purchased renewable 

electricity equivalent to 0.3 percent of annual 

electricity consumption. These sources include 

wind energy and solar energy only. Including all 

renewable energy sources (thermal), the Navy is 

consuming 2.9 percent of its total energy needs 

from renewable sources. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOD invested $355.7 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

10.4 percent of its total facility energy costs. Of 

this total, $168.1 was funded directly by the 

agency, $96.7 million was financed through 

energy savings performance contracting, and 

$90.9 million was financed as a result of utility 

energy service contracts. 

The following are some notable FY 2007 DOD 

ESPC projects: 

• Fort Jackson, South Carolina, awarded a $5.0 

million ESPC task order at the end of FY 

2007. The project includes EMCS, building 

recommissioning, thermal energy storage, 

substation upgrades, and central plant 

improvements. An additional $1.6 million in 

services is included in the task order. This task 

order was done under the DOE Super ESPC 

program. 

• Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, awarded an ESPC contract for a $6.1 million steam 

system rehabilitation project. Implementation 

of advance controls was also included in the 

project. 

• U.S. Army Garrison Vicenza, Italy, awarded a 

$2.2 million ESPC contract for a 1.5 MW 

cogeneration project. 

Fort Knox, Kentucky, awarded five UESC task 

orders. Three of the five included geothermal heat 

pumps, lighting retrofits, cool roofs, and steam 

boilers. The total investment value was $18.7 

million. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOD reported using 116,752 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $358.8 million in 1.95 

billion square feet of facility space. This establishes a final baseline for DOD water consumption 

of 59.8 gallons per gross square foot. 

In FY 2007, the Army used 45.2 billion gallons of 

potable water at a cost of $63.5 million. The 

Army’s total water use and disposal have declined 

for many years. Greater treatment and testing 

requirements imposed on water suppliers by the 

Safe Water Drinking Act of 1974 (and amendments) have increased the cost of providing 

potable drinking water. Similarly, the vulnerability 

assessments of installation water supplies, 

emergency response plans, and protective 

measures required by the Public Health Security 

and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act 

of 2002 (PL 107-188) have added to the cost. 

Many Army installations have reported lower 

water consumption in FY 2007 due to the 

privatization of on-base housing to Private 

Partnerships or missions changes due to the effects 

44 
of the Base Realignment and Closure Act of 2005. 

Army installations in areas of the United States 

affected by drought, and those with water 

restrictions, naturally have reported much lower 

water consumption for figures for FY 2007. Rain 

water collection and reuse, a matter of course for 

the Army National Guard in the Virgin Islands, is 

being looked at on the U.S. mainland, where 

LEED credits can be earned for new construction 

projects. 

Department of Navy consumed 34.6 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $80.8 million, 

establishing a water intensity baseline for future 

reports at 73.5 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

In FY 2007, DOD reported training 19,291 energy 

managers at a cost of $1,824.3 million. The Army 

saw a large increase in the number of people 

receiving energy management training in FY 

2007. The Army conducted training at the two-day 

Army Energy Forum attended by nearly 200 

people and conducted in conjunction with the 

annual Federal energy exposition and workshop 

GovEnergy in New Orleans, Louisiana. Army also 

sponsored a certified energy manager training 

course conducted by the Association of Energy 

Engineers (AEE). 

In FY 2007, 240 Navy personnel received training 

in areas specified in EPACT 2005. These 

personnel included: 

• Energy Managers, 

• Energy Conservation Officers, 

• Maintenance Mechanics, 

• Planners, 

• Equipment Mechanics, 

• Facilities Supervisors, 

• Accountants, 

• Admin. Officers, 

• Project Managers, 

• APWO’s, 

• Architects, 

• Environmental Engineers, 

• Electrical Engineers, 

• Division Directors, 

• Controls Mechanics, 

• Civil Engineers, 

• Budget Analysts, 

• Boiler Plant Personnel, 

• Regional Energy Managers, and 

• Utility Engineers. 

This brings total personnel receiving training to 

2,512 since the program began. The Department of 

Navy has seen 162 personnel registered “Certified 

Energy Managers” since the program’s inception. 

Energy Management Contact 

Dr. Get Moy, P.E. (in FY 2007) 

Director, Installations, Req and Mgmt 

Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of 

Defense(Installations and Environment) 

Department of Defense 

3400 Defense Pentagon, Room 5C646 

Washington, DC 20301-3400 

Phone: 703-697-6195 

Fax: 703-693-2659 

E-mail: get.moy@osd.mil 

45 
D. Department of Energy 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOE reported using 222,157 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

16.2 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

265,120 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOE received 

credit for purchases of 714.8 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the performance measure of these buildings from 230,194 

Btu/GSF to 222,157 Btu/GSF. Without the credit 

for renewable energy purchases, DOE’s reduction 

from FY 2003 is 13.2 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007, DOE had standard electricity meters 

on 1,336 of its buildings. This figure represents 

25.2 percent of the electricity consumed by DOE. 

New Building Design 

DOE began the design process for three new 

facilities during FY 2007. Of the three facilities, 

two will be designed to use 30 percent less energy 

than relevant code. It is still to be determined if 

one of the facilities, a Uranium Processing Facility 

in Oak Ridge, will consume 30 percent less energy 

than relevant code, but it will certainly achieve the 

maximum level of energy efficiency that is lifecycle cost-effective. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, DOE reported using 9.5 billion Btu in 

its excluded buildings, 31.6 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. DOE’s excluded 

buildings occupy 23.0 million square feet, 20.6 

percent of the agency’s total facility space. Most 

of DOE’s facilities that are excluded from the 

goals of EPACT 2005 are currently reported under 

the metered process category and have been scaled 

back operationally to prepare for decontamination 

and decommissioning. These facilities have 

traditionally been energy intensive operations that 

will in many cases dominate the energy 

consumption being reported at the site and the site 

consumption will vary in direct relationship to the 

energy consumption of these facilities. Traditional 

energy conservation measures will not significantly affect the energy consumption that will be 

reported for these facilities, and it would be 

impractical to meet the goals with these facilities 

included in the EPACT goal subject category. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOE reported using 209,098 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.3 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

200,392 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DOE 

received a bonus of 2,687 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land, 

meeting the Executive Order goal. 

Almost all of DOE’s renewable electricity use was 

from new sources, meeting the Executive Order 

goal. Eligible old renewable electricity use by 

DOE totaled 6,019 MWh. 

 

Self-Generated Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, DOE facilities reported generating 

2,687 MWh of renewable electricity from 32 onsite projects, approximately 1 percent of DOE’s 

total of eligible renewable energy. Two renewable 

thermal energy projects produced 51.1 million Btu 

of energy. 

Fermilab is currently investigating the possible 

installation of on-site generation under the BAMF 

Super-ESPC program. 

The Idaho National Laboratory’s (INL) Records 

Storage Facility includes a solar wall that provides 

heat, resulting in approximately $1,250 per year in 

avoided electric energy costs for space 

conditioning. 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has 

several photovoltaic (PV) panels at approximately 

10 remote sites. The panels range from 5-6 watts 

in capacity up to 55 watts where 6-8 panels are 

grouped together. The panels are used to recharge 

batteries that power remote, data-gathering 

equipment. As a demonstration project and in 

advance of the Southeast Solar Summit held at the 

Southeast Solar Summit held at the Laboratory, 

ORNL installed a PV array at the main entrance to 

ORNL. The ORNL/Daylight Direct beta test for 

hybrid lighting continued this year. ORNL has 

several offices that have a combination of passive 

solar lighting and fluorescent lighting on the top 

floor of one of its leased facilities. The solar 

46 
collector was shut down for part of the year after a 

mishap occurred at a different test site where the 

focal point of the parabolic dish shifted and ignited 

the plastic parabolic dish. There have been other 

shakedown issues such as pulsating light during 

windy conditions which will need to be addressed 

before commercialization. 

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory 

(NREL) has 46 kilowatts (kW) of PV panels that 

generate about 66,500 kilowatt hours (kWh) of 

electricity each year. The energy offsets South 

Table Mountain (STM) and National Wind 

Technology Center (NWTC) loads. These panels 

are located at the Solar Energy Research Facility 

(SERF), the STM Site Entrance Building, the 

Outdoor Test Facility (OTF), the NWTC Site 

Entrance Building and the Distributed Energy 

Resources Test Facility as well as remote applications including signs, walkway lights and parking lighting. In FY 2006 a total of 9 kW of PV 

panels were installed at the OTF, SERF, and DER 

test facility. The NWTC has approximately 1,600 

kW of installed wind turbine capacity used for 

research purposes. When the turbines are running, 

the energy produced is used to offset simultaneous 

NWTC site energy use. The turbines produced 

over 45,800 kWh in FY 2006. The total selfgenerated electricity at NREL was 112,300 kWh. 

Also at NWTC’s Building 251, approximately 

10.2 million Btu of renewable thermal energy is 

produced through the solar panels heating the 

domestic water. 

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) 

has a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system to 

encourage adaptation of the technology at the 

Laboratory and in the surrounding community. 

The system is comprised of examples of PV 

applications including tracking, standing seam 

roof (at ground-level) and car port arrays totaling 

about 3.5 kW in generating capacity. The Visitor’s 

Center PV Exhibit is an important stop in frequent 

grade-school tours at the LLNL Discovery Center. 

The LLNL Environmental Remediation Department has also deployed a number of Solar Treatment Units (STUs) throughout the main site and 

Site-300. The STUs are PV-powered, portable 

groundwater contamination treatment units. 

The Savannah River Site covers an area of over 

300 square miles. The Site’s use of self-generated 

renewable energy in FY 2007 was relegated to 

remote locations across the Site where utilities 

were not available. Small photovoltaic arrays were 

used in applications such as traffic signals, railroad 

crossings, and environmental monitoring stations. 

The Site utilizes two mobile and 41 fixed solarpowered emergency sirens. Each siren is powered 

by two 120 watt panels totaling 240 watts and 

producing 12 volts. 

Five photovoltaic highway message reader boards 

(MRBs) inform Hanford drivers of changing 

conditions. In addition, two 530 Hz low power 

AM broadcast stations and two radio station sites 

are powered by a solar charged battery system. A 

series of solar charging stations and remoteoperated valves and pressure transmitters are used 

to provide monitoring and control capabilities 

from the water plant control room located in the 

200 West Area. The site operates an 85-foot tall 

tower with a 1.5 kVA wind turbine to provide 

back-up power for the photovoltaic powered 

railroad crossing signal located on Route 4 South 

about 2 miles north of the 300 Area. The wind 

turbine satisfies a requirement that uninterruptible 

reliable emergency power be provided to the 

primary power source. 

Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant and Paducah 

Gaseous Diffusion Plant have several small 

environmental monitoring units, air samplers, and 

field weather monitors that utilize photovoltaic 

cells for power. 

The WIPP Site maintains solar systems to provide 

security lighting at two off-site locations. The 

systems have performed well and were recently 

overhauled and upgraded with new batteries and 

electronics. Additional projects are being reviewed 

through an ESPC planned for FY 2008. A solar 

traffic light is utilized to enhance safety at an 

intersection close to the WIPP. 

 

DOE Headquarters (Headquarters) installed 7 kW 

PV arrays and solar water collectors at the 

Germantown, Maryland, and Forrestal building 

child development centers. Headquarters also 

installed PV arrays at Earth Day Park and on the 

south side of Forrestal’s South Building. 

47 
Purchased Renewable Energy 

During FY 2007, DOE purchased 39,586 MWh of 

green power and 155,991 MWh of renewable 

energy certificates (RECs) from new renewable 

sources. Also in FY 2007, 6,019 MWh of RECs 

from old renewable sources were purchased as 

well as 36.2 billion Btu of renewable gas and 

thermal energy. Purchased renewable electricity 

comprises 97.4 percent of DOE’s goal-eligible 

renewable energy use. 

DOE Headquarters purchased 23,380 MWh of 

renewable electricity for the Forrestal Building, 

100 percent of the headquarters building’s 

electricity consumption. 

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) acquired 

1,735 MWH of RECs to satisfy the 3 percent goal 

as mandated in EPACT 2005. In August 2007, 

SPR’s broker (Element Markets LLC from 

Sugarland, Texas) purchased 5 percent of the 

SPR’s total annual electricity consumption in wind 

credits for the SPR. 

In FY 2007, ORISE purchased 720 blocks 

(108,000 KWh) of renewable electricity through 

the TVA Green Power Switch program. 5.1 

percent of the total ORISE electricity for FY 2007 

was produced by green power sources. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOE invested $4.9 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 1.3 

percent of its total facility energy costs. Of this 

total, $1.3 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $3.6 million was financed through 

ESPCs. 

Obtaining private sector financing for energy 

efficiency projects in the form of ESPCs or 

UESCs is considered vital to continued energy 

reductions. As part of the TEAM Initiative, DOE 

had received 12 Initial Proposals for ESPC task 

orders from energy service companies by the end 

of December 2007 and are expecting 

approximately 18 more in the first half of FY 

2008. The Initial Proposals received so far 

represent a 6 percent decrease in DOE’s overall 

energy intensity, and when combined with efforts 

from previous years, puts DOE nearly halfway 

toward meeting the 30 percent reduction goal. By 

the end of FY 2008, DOE anticipates to have 

contracts in place that will exceed E.O. 13423 and 

statutory efficiency and renewable goals. As a 

result of TEAM, a Center of Excellence has been 

created to assist DOE facilities in the use of 

ESPCs and other alternative financing methods. 

The Center of Excellence provides a single point 

of expertise for legal and procurement issues 

associated with ESPCs, and is available 

exclusively to DOE sites. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOE reported using 6.5 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $13.8 million in 112.1 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for DOE water 

consumption of 57.6 gallons per gross square foot. 

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, all 

new construction must comply with California 

Title-24 requirements that specify water saving 

plumbing fixtures. LLNL has implemented a 

waterless urinal pilot program that has been 

implemented with funding assistance from DOE 

FEMP. 

Training 

During FY 2007, DOE organizations reported 

training 66 employees in energy management at a 

cost of $154,100. The following DOE 

organizations have training programs in place, or 

take advantage of training and education 

opportunities as they arise: Hanford, Fermilab, 

SRS, INL, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory 

(PPPL), BNL, NREL, Savannah River Site, 

TJNAF, NETL, ORNL and PNNL. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Cyrus Nasseri 

Federal Energy Management Program 

U.S. Department of Energy 

1000 Independence Avenue, SW 

Washington, DC 20585 

Phone: 202-586-9138 

Fax: 202-586-4617 

E-mail: cyrus.nasseri@ee.doe.gov 

48 
E. Department of Health and 

Human Services 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, HHS reported using 274,058 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

20.5 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

344,842 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. HHS received 

credits for purchases of 66.4 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007 and for project 

source energy savings of 1.1 trillion Btu reducing 

the performance measure of these buildings from 

313,512 Btu/GSF to 274,058 Btu/GSF. Without 

these credits, the HHS reduction from FY 2003 is 

9.1 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007 the Department of Health and Human 

Services reported 987 buildings metered for 

electricity use. This represents 36.0 percent of the 

total electricity consumed by HHS. 

HHS Headquarters issued guidelines to all 

components requiring each to develop metering 

plans in compliance with EPACT 2005. The 

Humphrey Building currently has advanced meters 

installed. 

The metering plan for Centers for Disease Control 

(CDC) is ahead of the EPACT goals, with 72 

percent of all GSF metered; 64 percent of all GSF 

has advanced metering. Metering progress 

reported by the number of buildings is misleading, 

as the majority of electricity use is in large, energy 

intensive lab buildings, whereas older facilities 

still have a large number of small square footage, 

low-use buildings. The current metering plan calls 

for most of the smaller buildings to be exempted 

due to unfavorable life cycle cost analysis results. 

New Building Design 

In FY 2007, HHS began the design process for 28 

new facilities. Of these 28 new facilities it is 

estimated that 26 will be designed to use an 

estimated 30 percent less energy than relevant 

code. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, the HHS reported using 22.5 billion 

Btu in its excluded buildings, 0.2 percent of the 

Agency’s total facility use. The HHS excluded 

buildings occupy 1.6 million square feet, 5.0 

percent of the Agency’s total facility space. 

HHS has two Operating Divisions (OPDIVs) with 

excluded facilities. The NIH has five parking 

garages and one building (Bldg. 3) that are 

considered exempt facilities. These are all found 

on the Bethesda, Maryland campus. The garages 

only consume energy for lighting and are 

exempted based on the guidelines. Building 3 is 

vacant, has been decontaminated, and will soon be 

renovated. CDC also has several parking 

structures. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, HHS reported using 18,867 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 1.9 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

4,012 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, HHS 

received a bonus of 250 MWh of electricity 

generated on Federal or Indian land. Less than half 

of HHS’ renewable electricity use was from new 

sources. Eligible old renewable electricity use by 

HHS totaled 14,604 MWh. 

Electricity is purchased by each OPDIV and site 

separately as required to maintain the mission of 

the facilities. The HHS Energy Program promotes 

and encourages renewable energy practices 

through seminar topics, newsletters, and direct 

communication. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, the Office of the Secretary completed 

the installation of a solar thermal water heating 

system for the roof of the Humphrey Building to 

heat domestic water supplies. 

NIH has installed roof and ground mounted solar 

heating and air preheating systems. Additionally, 

NIH has three shuttle stops on campus with 

lighting and electrical needs supplied by solar 

power. A solar energy feasibility study was 

completed at the FDA Beltsville Facility in 

Beltsville, Maryland. The study identified projects 

that are estimated to reduce energy costs by more 

than $77,200 per year from solar air heating at the 

pasture buildings, MOD 1 & 2 buildings, and the 

49 
BRF buildings. The energy savings would 

represent 4.4 percent of the current energy use at 

the Beltsville Facility. Specifically, the projects 

include the installation of 21 solar roofing panels 

and siding systems or ground mounted solar 

heating systems for 17 out buildings and four 

emergency generators. The solar roofing, siding, 

and ground mounted systems, covering 70,000 

square feet, would produce solar heated air and 

deliver the air to preheat outside air for the 

buildings or equipment. The estimated cost for the 

projects is $745,600, yielding a simple payback 

period of 9.7 years. This project will be implemented under the new UESC to begin in FY 2008 

at the facility. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, several HHS facilities entered into 

competitive contracts for the procurement of 

electricity with a green component or purchased 

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). Other 

OPDIVs and sites are analyzing options to comply 

with the renewable energy requirement. 

The Albuquerque Indian Health Center and Santa 

Fe Indian Hospital continue to purchase 10 percent 

of their electrical usage from wind energy. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, HHS invested $37.2 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 22.1 

percent of its total facility costs. Of this total, $2.5 

million was funded directly by the agency and 

$34.7 was financed through utility energy service 

contracts. 

A UESC feasibility study was completed for the 

Humphrey Building in FY 2007. OS is working 

with GSA to determine the realistic date of the 

building renovation in order to decide which 

energy conservation measures (ECMs) may be 

implemented. The ECMs with the best economic 

status are the retrofit of the garage lighting, 

installation of variable frequency drives, 

conversion of the air distribution system to 

variable air volume boxes, and an upgrade to the 

energy management control system main 

computer station. 

NIH has performed much of its past and current 

energy and water conservation work using 

performance contracts. The two main contracts 

used by NIH are the DOE Super ESPC contract, 

and both of the UESCs that are available in the 

Bethesda area (Pepco electric company and 

Washington Gas). There are three energy and 

water conservation projects active in FY 2007: one 

ESPC and two UESCs at Bethesda. The ESPC 

project was signed in a prior year. 

Larger projects within FDA have been funded 

through alternative financing contracts. In FY 

2007, project implementation and enhancements 

continued under the Jefferson Laboratories Complex (JLC) UESC with Entergy. Three large office 

areas in Building 53 were renovated with new 

variable air volume air handlers and duct distribution system, as well as lighting occupancy sensors. In addition, fan coil units were installed in a 

corridor to reduce fresh outdoor air requirements. 

The total cost of these projects was $740,000 and 

the estimated annual energy saving is $76,300. 

The UESC for the FDA Beltsville Facility was 

signed in FY 2007. This contract covers 25 ECMs 

including: 

• water and steam use enhancements, 

• free-cooling plate-and-frame heat exchanger, 

• chiller replacement, 

• variable air volume conversion, 

• control system upgrades, 

• solar air preheating, variable frequency drives, 

• and occupancy sensors. 

The total projected project cost is $14.2 million 

with an estimated annual energy and water savings 

of $1.3 million and a simple payback period of 

11.3 years. 

In FY 2007, the Irvine Lab installed insulating and 

shade film on windows. This project totaled 

$58,000 and was completed by O&M contractor 

with direct agency funding. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, HHS reported using 1,799.7 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $11,814.7 million in 

31,338.4 million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a preliminary baseline for HHS water 

consumption of 57.4 gallons per square foot. 

50 
In FY 2007, several HHS OPDIVs refined water 

management plans in accordance with E.O. 13423 

and only six percent of the HHS water 

consumption is estimated. This task enabled 

facility managers to further prioritize water 

conservation projects and highlight areas of waste 

or opportunity. Many HHS laboratories reported 

that it was common for facilities to change the 

type of experiment performed or the frequency of 

performance, which would in turn, change the 

amount of water used in that facility. 

Currently, OS does not currently directly pay for 

water, but efforts are made to minimize water 

waste through the use of low flow plumbing 

fixtures and motion sensor control devices. In FY 

2007, a water saving project involving the 

installation of low flow flush valves on the toilets 

that saved roughly 500,000 gallons of water per 

year was completed at the Headquarters building. 

In FY 2008, OS will investigate the installation of 

low faucet aerators on the restrooms sinks. 

Training 

During FY 2007, HHS reported training 104 

energy personnel at a cost of $8,086. In addition, 

thousands of employees received educational 

materials or were involved in energy and water 

conservation activities. 

The formal training for energy personnel included 

a two-day course on Labs21Advanced Laboratory 

Design, EO 13423, alternative financing, green 

procurement, sustainability, OPDIV specific 

workshops, DOE Federal Energy Management 

Program and the Association of Energy Engineer 

classes, and utility or manufacturer-sponsored 

training. The subject content of the courses 

covered the broad spectrum of energy and water 

efficiency, varying from specific equipment 

instruction to alternative financing techniques and 

sustainable design. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Pete Aitcheson 

HHS Energy Officer 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 

OS/ASAM/OFMP 

Room 330F, HHH Building 

200 Independence Avenue, SW 

Washington, DC 20201 

Phone: 202-205-5340 

Fax: 202-619-2692 

E-mail: pete.aitcheson@hhs.gov 

51 
F. Department of Homeland 

Security 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DHS reported using 95,689 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

19.1 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

118,271 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DHS received 

credit for purchases of 99.3 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these facilities from 

97,948 Btu/GSF to 95,689 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, DHS’ 

reduction from FY 2003 is 17.2 percent. The 

reduction has been attributable to a variety of 

efforts including the cumulative effect of long 

term measures conducted by the U.S. Coast Guard 

(USCG) through both ESPCs and numerous 

energy efficiency projects, better energy accounting and tracking, and the hiring of savings-funded 

Resource Efficiency Managers. 

Metering 

In FY 2007 the Department of Homeland Security 

reported 170 of its buildings metered for 

electricity use. This represents 15.8 percent of the 

total electricity consumed by DHS. 

In FY 2008 DHS plans to install meters on 10 

more buildings. This represents 13.2 percent of the 

total electricity consumed by DHS. In FY 2008 

DHS also plans to install advanced meters on two 

of its buildings. This represents 14.6 percent of the 

total electricity consumed by DHS. 

The Department of Homeland Security overall has 

met the milestones of the Department’s metering 

plan. Some components have progressed ahead of 

the schedule. One component had to cancel a 

solicitation because the costs exceeded the point of 

economic practicability. 

New Building Designs 

DHS began the design process for 52 new 

facilities in FY 2007. Of these 52 facilities, 16 will 

be designed to use 30 percent less energy than 

relevant code. Sixteen of the new facilities are 

GSA assumed design facilities, and if funding is 

available, the contract will be amended so that the 

facilities will use 30 percent less energy than 

relevant code. Eighteen of the new facilities have 

been designated DHS Center of Excellence 

facilities and, if funding is available, the contract 

will be amended so that the facilities will use 30 

percent less energy than relevant code. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, DHS reported using 116.7 billion Btu 

in its excluded buildings, 2.6 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. The DHS excluded 

buildings occupy 1,612.5 thousand square feet, 3.5 

percent of the agency’s total facility space. 

For FY 2007, the Customs Border Protection 

(CBP) has intense lighting and remote video 

surveillance systems along the border. CBP 

currently tracks consumption and cost data for 

those sites and systems that are separately metered. However, some are not separately metered 

from facilities. CBP has 852 facilities (antennas 

and parking garages/lots) eligible to be considered 

excluded from the energy intensity reduction goal. 

Both Transportation Security Administration 

(TSA) Headquarters and TSA Freedom Center 

(TSAFC) are excluded. Headquarters is excluded 

under the “Assumed Exclusion of Structures and 

Processes Not Qualified as Federal Buildings.” 

The category “Assumed exclusions for certain 

types of leased space” states that “this applies to 

leased space where the Government may pay for 

some energy but not all.” Headquarters is under 

the contract lease which requires that the owners 

of the building will pay an allotted amount for 

energy each month. Whenever TSA exceeds that 

allotment in energy use, TSA will pay the excess. 

TSA Headquarters is an excluded facility. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DHS reported using 29,535 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

20,978 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DHS 

received a bonus of 210 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. 

More than half of DHS’ renewable electricity use 

was from new sources, meeting the Executive 

Order goal. Eligible old renewable electricity use 

by DHS totaled 8,347 MWh. 

52 
CBP purchased 1,536 MWh of renewable energy 

certificates (RECs) in FY 2007 through the 

Defense Energy Support Center. This equates to 3 

percent of the CBP annual electrical consumption. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

The Coast Guard continually evaluates renewable 

energy projects for economic viability. Several 

wind turbine and photovoltaic feasibility studies 

are currently under development. In FY 2007, the 

following self-generated renewable energy 

projects were in operation: 

Solar Water Heating

• 62 Housing units in Honolulu, Hawaii 

• 149 Homes in Puerto Rico Air Station 

• Indoor swimming pool in Alameda, CA 

• San Francisco Air Station 

Photovoltaics

• Roof panels in Petaluma, CA 

• PV system for charging battery for emergency 

generator in Puerto Rico 

• Lighted aids to navigation - 4,779 solar 

panel/battery powered light-buoys; 11,620 

solar panel/battery powered lighted-fixed aids 

to navigation 

Other

• Bio-diesel feasibility study for marine 

applications 

 

In FY 2007, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) 

established a baseline of water consumption of 

1,146.9 million gallons of water at a cost of 

$7,034,676. A review of water utility invoices for 

FY 2007 showed numerous database errors. The 

database has been corrected for the largest water 

consuming accounts within the Coast Guard. 

Additional data reconciliation is scheduled for FY 

2008. The USCG formalized the water management plans at four major campuses which 

comprise 17 percent of the total building footprint 

of the USCG. In addition to the water management 

plans performed by the National Renewable 

Energy Laboratory (NREL) in FY 2006, the Coast 

Guard also contracted with NREL to enhance the 

water management program in FY 2007 and 

perform water conservation audits in FY 2008. 

Other activities are in process to expand the 

campuses that have water management plans and 

to establish a minimum of four best water 

management practices at each site with a water 

management plan. 

• Ground source heat pump in Cape Cod, MA 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

The USCG facilities in New York City are 

included as part of an electric utility contract 

awarded in FY 2006 and continuing through FY 

2010. Part of the award package included a 

requirement for the equivalent of 10 percent of the 

total load or roughly 60,000 kWh per annum 

purchased from renewable sources. These 

buildings covered under this contract are all 

standard buildings. CBP purchased 1,535,760 

kWh of Renewable Energy Credits (REC) in FY 

2007 through the Defense Energy Support Center. 

This equates to 3 percent of the CBP annual 

electrical consumption. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DHS invested $62.4 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 61.9 

percent of its total facility energy costs. Of this 

total, $31.1 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $31.3 was through ESPCs. DHS did 

not finance any projects through utility energy 

service contracts. 

In addition to direct obligations, the Coast Guard 

has embraced alternative financing as an approach 

to quickly implement projects to addressing the 

goals of Executive Order 13423 and EPACT 2005. 

In FY 2007, the Coast Guard awarded ESPCs for 

ARSC Elizabeth City, a nine site project on the 

West Coast and at ISC Kodiak with a total 

contract value of over $49.5 million. The Coast 

Guard has also accepted requests for the commencement of Initial Proposals for potential 

ESPCs at ISC Boston and the Coast Guard 

Academy. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DHS reported using 1.5 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $124.4 million in 45.6 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a preliminary baseline for DHS water 

consumption of 33.4 gallons per gross square foot. 

53 
It is estimated that the Customs and Border 

Protection (CBP) consumed 85.8 million gallons 

of water at a cost of $338,200 in FY 2007. 

Accurate consumption and cost data is difficult to 

capture since, in some remote areas of the country, 

water is shipped in for consumption and purchased 

via the use of a government-authorized credit card. 

Activities taken to improve water efficiency 

include the Best Management Practices (BMP) of 

water efficient landscaping, waterless urinals, lowvolume faucets and showerheads, and water reuse 

and recycling at vehicle wash stations. 

The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 

(FLETC) has made significant efforts with regard 

to water savings. A total of 259 water meters, at a 

cost of approximately 1.2 million, have been 

installed at Glynco for the City of Brunswick to 

meter the water usage. An FY 2007 FLETC 

preliminary baseline of 30.5 gallons per square 

footage has been established. 

Science and Technology (S&T) Plum Island 

Animal Disease Center (PIADC)’s water supply 

consists of treated groundwater extracted from onsite, government-owned water supply wells, not 

from a municipal water supply system. Ongoing 

efforts to conserve water include a general 

awareness of water conservation among 

researchers and support staff. The conversion from 

50-plus year old and temporary boilers to the three 

new boilers, coupled with repairs and replacement 

of older, leaking steam lines result in an overall 

decrease in water usage. In addition, procedural 

changes in some areas such as cleaning of animal 

holding pens; conversion to low-flow fixtures and 

water saving appurtenances all help conserve 

water. 

TSA Headquarters consumed 15.3 million gallons 

of water at a cost of $108,000. TSAFC consumed 

1.2 million gallons of water at a cost of $6,000. 

Beginning in July, a water conservation effort 

included modifying the sprinkler system at 

TSAFC to be manually operated. Personnel are 

able to determine the necessity of operating the 

sprinklers based on many factors, including 

weather and drought. The United States Secret 

Service does utilize low volume and low flow 

devices as well as sensor controls on lavatory 

faucets. The Service will continue to investigate 

other devices to help conserve water and ensure 

goals are met. The estimated water consumption 

for FY 2007 is 3.5 million gallons. 

Training 

In FY 2007, DHS reported training 148 energy 

managers at a cost of $7,700. 

The Department of Homeland Security provided a 

Certified Energy Manager (CEM) review class 

during FY 2007 and an opportunity to sit for the 

Association of Energy Engineers certification 

exam. Two DHS employees sat for the exam and 

are awaiting results. The class is being considered 

again for 2008, along with a Leadership in Energy 

and Environmental Design (LEED) class. 

Information on energy training and education is 

distributed through USCG energy websites and 

email. A master energy stakeholder email list 

provides a mechanism for outreach activities that 

includes disseminating information from the 

Federal Energy Management Program, and other 

energy awareness notices. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Steven White, CEM 

Energy Program Manager 

U.S. Department of Homeland Security 

Management Directorate, CAO, OSEP (3636-9) 

7th and D Streets, SW 3636-9 

Washington, DC 20528 

Phone: 202-447-5065 

Fax: 202-447-5780 

E-mail: steven.white1@dhs.gov 

54 
G. Department of Housing and 

Urban Development

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, HUD reported using 69,843 Btu per 

gross square foot in its Washington, DC, headquarters building, the sole building subject to the 

EPACT 2005 amendments goal. This is a 17.3 

percent decrease in energy intensity from 84,450 

Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. HUD received credits 

for purchases of 2.3 billion Btu of renewable 

energy in FY 2007. 

Metering 

HUD installed an electric meter on its 

headquarters building. This represents 100 percent 

of the total electricity consumed by HUD. All 

meters in the headquarters building have been 

upgraded. The advanced meters were installed by 

the local utility company in 2004. The building 

operating engineers monitor and record meter 

readings monthly. 

New Building Designs 

HUD did not start any new designs in FY 2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, HUD reported using 665 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

all was generated from renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. HUD did not 

generate any electricity on Federal or Indian land. 

All of HUD’s renewable electricity use was from 

new sources, meeting the Executive Order goal. 

HUD did not generate any electricity from old 

renewable energy sources. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

HUD currently does not use any self-generated 

energy. The Department will continue to explore 

renewable energy opportunities, including the 

possibility of installing solar photovoltaic (PV) 

panels and/or small wind turbines on headquarters 

building rooftop. Further study is required, 

including the life-cycle cost and comparison of 

different products. It should be noted that the 

installation of these products is subject to the 

review and approval of the General Services 

Administration (GSA) and the District of 

Columbia Office of Planning and Historic 

Preservation Review Board. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

HUD is serviced by the power procurement 

aggregate, initiated by GSA. The contract requires 

three percent energy credits be given as 

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs); therefore, 

meeting the renewable energy consumption goal. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, HUD did not invest in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, HUD reported using 21.8 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $139.1 million in 1.4 

million square feet of facility space. This establishes a final baseline for HUD water consumption 

of 15.2 gallons per gross square foot. 

In FY 2007, several water conservation projects 

were funded and implemented. HUD upgraded the 

outdoor planters’ irrigation system. The new 

system uses a mist spray versus a stream spray to 

irrigate the planters and was programmed for 

shorter operating times. HUD approved and 

started the renovation of the first floor lobby 

restroom facilities as part of the capital 

improvement projects. All newly installed water 

closets have 1.6-gallon tanks while all urinals 

feature one-gallon tanks. The new faucets feature 

low-flow and have automatic water sensors. HUD 

also has a comprehensive maintenance program 

that incorporates many of the Best Management 

Practices identified by FEMP into everyday 

requirements for operations and maintenance. The 

program includes a user-friendly method to report 

leaks and repair them immediately. The program 

also encourages cleaning and custodial crews to 

report problems as soon as they are identified. 

Training 

In FY 2007, HUD reported training eight energy 

personnel at no cost. HUD employees attended 

workshops and seminars provided by the 

Department of Energy/ Federal Energy 

Management Program. Employees participated in 

the DOE Interagency Energy Management Task 

Force Meetings and the GSA Power Group 

55 
Members Meetings. Employees have also attended 

meetings sponsored by the Office of the Federal 

Environmental Executive, where different energy 

and water conservation and renewable energy 

products are presented. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Larry Pierce 

Chief, Building Maintenance and Energy Branch 

Office of Administrative & Management Services 

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development 

451 7th Street, SW Room 5174 

Washington, DC 20410 

Phone: 202-708-0530 Ext. 7312 

Fax: 202-401-1360 

E-Mail: Larry_Pierce@hud.gov 

56 
H. Department of the Interior 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOI reported using 67,439 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

23.4 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

88,064 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOI received 

credit for purchases of 354.7 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

73,185 Btu/GSF to 67,439 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, DOI’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 16.9 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007 the Department of Interior reported 

10,690 of its buildings metered for electricity use. 

This represents 48.0 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by DOI. Interior bureaus are making 

progress in identifying and installing electric 

meters in all appropriate buildings by October 

2012. All FY 2007 Departmental metering plan 

milestones have been achieved. Interior issued 

Electric Metering Implementation Guidance, in 

March 2006, which supplemented the DOE’s 

Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal 

Buildings. The Interior guidance is flexible to 

accommodate the diverse missions of the Bureaus 

yet provides a solid framework for Interior 

specific information to be included in the Bureau 

Electric Metering Implementation Plans. Interior 

Bureaus have reviewed existing building and 

energy consumption databases and conducted site 

visits to identify existing metering infrastructure 

and buildings appropriate for metering. Interior 

Bureaus have requested funding to install 

advanced electric meters through the Federal 

budget process. Metering systems are being 

installed through new construction and major 

renovations, energy savings performance contracts 

and utility company upgrades. 

New Building Designs 

DOI began the design process for 15 new facilities 

during FY 2007. Of these 15 facilities, three have 

been designed to use 30 percent less energy than 

relevant code. It is still to be determined if 12 of 

the facilities will use 30 percent less energy than 

relevant code. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOI reported using 111,905 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 18.2 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

65,310 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DOI 

received a bonus of 2,753 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. 

More than half of DOI’s renewable electricity use 

was from new sources, meeting the Executive 

Order goal. Eligible old renewable electricity use 

by DOI totaled 43,842 MWh. 

The use of solar and other renewable energy 

sources is encouraged if the development of the 

resource is economically, environmentally, and 

technically feasible. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

Interior has implemented 1,692 on-site renewable 

energy projects including standalone and grid 

connected photovoltaic systems, solar thermal (hot 

water) projects, geothermal (ground source) heat 

pumps, new hydro generation projects and wind 

related projects. During FY 2007, Interior Bureaus 

continued to inventory their respective on-site 

renewable energy components. The Bureaus effort 

in gathering the information for this inventory and 

resultant energy generation contributed tremendously towards meeting the renewable energy 

consumption goal. 

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) completed the 

installation of a 5-kW photovoltaic system at 

Alamo Navajo Community School in Magdalena, 

New Mexico and a 2.5 kW photovoltaic system at 

Jemez Day School in Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico. 

The teaching staff at each of these schools is 

planning to incorporate these renewable energy 

systems into their course curriculum. A 70-kW 

photovoltaic roof at Southwest Indian Polytechnic 

Institute, New Mexico is currently being installed 

and will be operational in FY 2008. The Circle of 

Nations-Wahpeton Indian Boarding School in 

Wahpeton, North Dakota is replacing the dormitory and administration building and will incorporate a campus wide geothermal heating project. 

The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 

renewable energy systems that went on line in FY 

57 
2007 include a new photovoltaic water well 

pumping system in San Pedro Riparian National 

Conservation Area. 

BLM renewable energy installations currently 

under design or construction in FY 2007 included 

the construction of the California Trails Center 

near Elko, Nevada, which incorporates natural 

lighting, energy efficient features, heating and 

cooling provided by ground-source heat pumps 

(38 tons total), occupancy sensors, low-flow 

plumbing fixtures, and minimal exterior and site 

lighting to protect the night sky. 

In FY 2007, the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) 

completed the installation of two photovoltaic 

systems at the San Andreas National Wildlife 

Reserve (NWR), New Mexico, a 1.8-kW and 2.4- 

kW grid-tied solar panels were installed at the 

Refuge headquarters and parking facility. A 6 kW 

photovoltaic system was installed at the Bitter 

Lake NWR Visitor Center, New Mexico. A 10 kW 

photovoltaic system was installed at the Bosque 

del Apache NWR, New Mexico. A net-metered, 

grid-tied 5-kW photovoltaic system was completed at the Wilna Lodge at the Rappahannock 

River NWR, Virginia in July 2007. The system 

uses 28 Sharp (180-W) single crystal (long life) 

panels in the solar array, which is mounted on two 

seasonally-adjusted pole mounts. In addition, a 32-

square-foot solar boiler provides solar hot water. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

Interior continues to purchase energy from 

renewable sources. In FY 2007 Interior purchased 

a total of 355 billion Btu of renewable energy. 

BIA and USGS purchased 85,076 MWh of 

renewable energy certificates produced from wind 

and biomass energy. BLM continued to purchase 

wind-generated renewable energy for its Moab 

Field Office, as well as for the Escalante Science 

Center during FY 2007. These purchases were 

made under the Blue Skies Program offered by the 

utility company, Utah Power and Light. BLM also 

purchased renewable energy at the National Interagency Fire Center in Boise, Idaho through Idaho 

Power’s Blue Sky Program. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOI invested $14.5 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 15.3 

percent of its total facility energy costs. Of this 

total, $10.8 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $3.7 was financed through energy 

savings performance contracts. DOI did not 

finance any projects with utility energy service 

contracts in FY 2007. 

The BLM began using ESPCs in FY 2006 with a 

pilot project at the National Interagency Fire 

Center and the BLM’s Boise District Complex. 

BLM awarded Phase Two of the ESPC task order 

to Johnson Controls, Inc. for 105 facilities across 

six BLM states in FY 2007. 

BLM and Johnson Controls, Inc. (JCI) again 

partnered creating a new approach to further 

streamline the ESPC process. During Phase 2, JCI 

is visiting approximately 10 percent of BLM’s 

field facilities (e.g., fire stations, recreation sites, 

wild horse and burro facilities, air tanker bases, 

and visitor centers). Based on this sampling JCI 

will propose energy and water conservation and 

renewable energy opportunities for all BLM 

owned facilities (i.e., those that use more than 

$1,000 of electricity annually) in those six states. 

BLM and JCI will then: 1) concur on the typical 

conservation measures to be installed; 2) agree on 

the contract vehicle stocked with the typical 

conservation measures and simply install them. A 

BLM employee will verify the types and numbers 

of measures installed and submit that verification 

to BLM’s central engineering office for 

processing. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOI reported using 3.6 billion gallons 

of water at a cost of $10.9 million in 61.7 million 

square feet of facility space. This establishes a 

final baseline for DOI water consumption of 58.7 

gallons per square foot. Many of Interior’s 

buildings do not have metered water consumption; 

Bureaus were encouraged to provide estimates of 

the water consumption utilizing DOE draft 

guidance document “Establishing Baseline and 

Meeting Water Conservation Goals of Executive 

Order 13423” and Federal Water Use Indices 

provided on the FEMP website. 

58 
Training 

In FY 2007, DOI reported training 157 energy 

personnel at a cost of $108,200. During the 

reporting period, Interior energy managers 

provided information to personnel on available 

energy management training and encouraged them 

to attend as much training as operational 

requirements and funding permitted. Energy 

managers involved in building energy efficiency 

and water conservation have attended workshops 

offered by DOE's Federal Energy Management 

Program. Several have also attended training 

offered by other organizations such as Office of 

the Federal Environmental Executive, 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the 

Association of Energy Engineers, American 

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers, U.S. Green Buildings 

Council, and public utilities, on topics such as 

green power purchase, the LEED rating system, 

building insulation advances, and water conserveation. Interior energy personnel attended on-site 

training and satellite broadcasts of the Federal 

Energy Management Program’s courses on 

Metering Technologies, Energy Saving Performance Contracts, and Utility Energy Savings 

Contracts as well as attended the Department of 

Energy’s GovEnergy 2007 Conference. 

Energy Management Contact 

Ms. Debra Sonderman 

Director, Office of Acquisition and 

 Property Management 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

Main Interior Building, Room 2607 

1849 C Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20240 

Phone: 202-208-6352 

Fax: 202-208-6301 

E-mail: debra_sonderman@ios.doi.gov 

59 
I. Department of Justice 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOJ reported using 239,353 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

17.2 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

289,056 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOJ received 

credit for purchases of 15.0 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

239,558 Btu/GSF to 239,353. Without the credit 

for renewable energy purchases, DOJ’s reduction 

from FY 2003 is 17.1 percent. 

Metering 

The Department of Justice reported 23 of its 

buildings metered for electricity use. This 

represents 100 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by DOJ. 

In FY 2007 DOJ submitted a metering plan to 

complete the installation of advanced meters by 

September 30, 2012, in compliance with the 

requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 

Section 103, Energy Use Measurement and Accountability where it is practical to do so. 

New Building Designs 

DOJ did not start any new designs in FY 2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOJ reported using 5,508 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 0.3 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

2,094 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. DOJ did not 

generate any electricity on Federal or Indian land. 

Less than half of DOJ’s renewable electricity use 

was from new sources. Eligible old renewable 

electricity by DOJ totaled 3,414 MWh. 

The DOJ is investigating the potential for purchasing renewable energy at each of the facilities 

where DOJ pays the electric bill. 

The Bureau of Prisons (BOP) has two active ESPC 

renewable energy projects that provide solar 

heated hot water and electricity. These systems 

produced 1,116 MWh of renewable during FY 

2007 which resulted in $166,000 annual savings. 

In FY 2007 BOP purchased renewable energy 

through GSA contracts for 2,094 MWh of renewable energy. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOJ invested $268,800 in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 0.1 

percent of its total facility energy costs. This total 

amount was funded directly by the agency. DOJ 

did not finance any projects with ESPCs or UESCs 

during FY 2007. 

In FY 2007 BOP developed three ESPC projects 

that are now in the final detailed energy survey 

(DES) stages. The anticipated award for these 

projects is early FY 2008. Seventeen more ESPC 

projects are in various DES stages with awards 

anticipated in mid FY 2008 or early FY 2009. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOJ reported using 9.0 billion gallons 

of water at a cost of $27.9 million in 72.9 million 

square feet of facility space. This establishes a 

final baseline for DOJ water consumption of 123.3 

gallons per square foot. All DOJ facilities perform 

regular maintenance checks of plumbing fixtures 

to check for leaks and have installed water 

conserving water fixtures where applicable. The 

DOJ’s water conservation efforts during FY 2007 

resulted in a 2.8 percent decrease in water 

consumption agency-wide. 

Training 

In FY 2007, DOJ reported training 51 energy 

managers at a cost of $52,800. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Jose V. Maniwang, Jr. 

Energy Program Manager 

U.S. Department of Justice 

RPMS, FASS, Justice Management Division 

National Place Building, Suite #1060 

1331 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20530-0001 

Phone: 202-514-0332 

Fax: 202-307-1915 

E-mail: jose.maniwang@usdoj.gov

60 
J. Department of Labor 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOL reported using 94,872 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, an 

20.1 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

118,769 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOL received 

credit for purchases of 29.2 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

96,122 Btu/GSF to 94,872 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, DOL’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 19.1 percent. 

Metering 

The Department of Labor has installed standard 

electricity meters in 720 of its facilities. This 

figure represents 30 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by the DOL. There were no advanced 

meters installed during FY 2007; however, there 

are 45 installations planned for FY 2008. 

New Building Designs 

DOL began the design process for one new facility 

during FY 2007. The facility, the New Milwaukee 

Center, will be designed to use 40 percent less 

energy than relevant code. 

Excluded Buildings 

DOL currently does not exclude any buildings 

from the energy reduction goal. However, the 

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) 

reports that its Accreditation and Certification 

Center located in Triadelphia, West Virginia 

serves as a testing facility and may fall within the 

FEMP guidelines for establishing excluded 

buildings. After consultation with DOE officials, 

MSHA will determine if the Accreditation and 

Certification Center is a facility that meets the 

energy intensive process requirements and if it 

qualifies as a facility that clearly demonstrates that 

process-dedicated energy overwhelms other 

building energy consumption, the requirement for 

designation as an excluded facility. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOL reported using 8,555 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

all was purchased from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. DOL did not 

generate any electricity from renewable sources. 

Participation in the LEED accreditation program 

will allow the Office of Job Corps to qualify to 

purchase renewable energy at the Albuquerque Job 

Corps Center. 

The Albuquerque Job Corps Center completed 

construction of new dormitory that meets the 

LEED Gold Rating requirements and features 

state-of-the-art energy conservation technologies. 

As part of its design, a wood pellet stove utilizing 

renewable energy sources is used to provide 

domestic hot water. A newly constructed 

dormitory the Arecibo Job Corps Center now uses 

solar energy to provide most of the domestic hot 

water for the center. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOL invested $500,000 in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 0.9 

percent of its total energy costs. During FY 2007 

DOL did not award any energy savings 

performance contracts or utility energy service 

contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOL reported using 1.0 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $4.8 million in 20.3 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a preliminary baseline for DOL water 

consumption of 50.6 gallons per gross square foot. 

Due to the large volume of facilities within the Job 

Corps program, over 120 Job Corps centers 

nationwide, most of the Department’s water 

conservation efforts are focused at Job Corps 

facilities. Specific activities undertaken to improve 

water efficiency are described below. 

Approximately 30 Job Corps centers have had 

energy audits which resulted in the decision to 

install energy efficient water fixtures. All new 

construction and renovation projects must now 

utilize low-flow fixtures. 

Other potential water conservation strategies that 

will be applied where feasible and cost effective 

include: (a) using high efficiency irrigation 

61 
technology or captured rain or recycled water to 

reduce potable water consumption for irrigation; 

(b) using native planting materials to minimize the 

need for site irrigation; (c) installation of high 

efficiency fixtures and dry fixtures to reduce the 

volume of waste water; (d) utilizing Energy Star 

rated equipment for activities which require high 

levels of water, such as washing machines, 

dishwashers and cooling towers; and (e) using 

rainwater catchment systems for irrigation and 

toilet flushing. 

Training 

In FY 2007, DOL reported training 377 energy 

managers at a cost of $16,700. 

At the Departmental level, DOL participates in 

training sessions provided by the Environmental 

Protection Agency’s Office of Federal Facilities 

Enforcement, and FEMP. These forums provide an 

opportunity to exchange information that is shared 

with the subordinate program staff having 

responsible for energy conservation management. 

The Office of Job Corps has developed a webbased training curriculum of courses, in partnership with International Facility Management 

Association, covering energy conservation and 

environmental awareness in the following areas: 

• Facility and energy management, 

• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, 

• Preventive maintenance on facilities, and 

• Renewable energy 

Job Corps also provides information that promotes 

energy conservation awareness among as part of 

its Job Corps student development and vocational 

skills training programs. Job Corps’ base 

curriculum now includes courses focused on the 

importance of energy conservation and ways to 

improve the conservation and energy efficiency of 

residences. 

Energy Management Contact 

Ms. Patricia Clark 

Building Manager 

U.S. Department of Labor 

Room S-1521 

200 Constitution Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20210 

Phone: 202-219-5205, ext. 126 

Fax: 202-501-6886 

E-mail: clark-patricia-c@dol.gov

62 
K. Department of State 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, the State Department reported using 

87,158 Btu per gross square foot in its goal subject 

buildings, a 17.9 percent decrease in energy 

intensity from 106,162 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. 

State received credit for 8.7 billion Btu of 

renewable energy purchases in FY 2007, reducing 

the performance measure of these buildings from 

89,121 Btu/GSF to 87,158 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, the State 

Department’s reduction from FY 2003 is 16.1 

percent. 

Metering 

As of FY 2007 the Department of State reported 

10 of its facilities metered for electricity use. This 

represents 100 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by the Department. 

Each of the Department’s buildings is metered 

with a standard kWh meter at the point electricity 

enters the building. Certain load centers within the 

buildings are sub-metered to track instantaneous 

loads, such as computing centers. At present, 

approximately 60 percent of the Department’s 

large computing centers are equipped with these 

advanced metering systems. All newly constructed 

computing centers include this technology, and as 

existing computer rooms are upgraded or 

expanded, such meters are considered for 

installation. 

New Building Designs 

The State Department did not start any new 

designs in FY 2007. 

Excluded Buildings 

The Department has not identified any excluded 

buildings as defined in EPACT 2005 for FY 2007. 

Instead, the Department has identified specific 

components of buildings—namely computing 

centers—as energy intensive areas that warrant 

exclusion from the standards set for normal office 

building. The computer applications in these areas 

are considered critical infrastructure to the 

Department, requiring 24 x 7 x 365 day operation. 

Four distinct computing centers have been 

excluded and each of these centers has advanced 

metering systems installed to track power 

consumption. Energy to cool those specific areas 

has been calculated since there are no metering 

devices on the chilled water loops serving each 

area. Several of these computing centers comprise 

multiple computer rooms, all fed off common 

power/load centers that are metered. There are 

several additional computing centers within the 

Department’s domestic facilities, but those sites do 

not, as yet, have advanced metering installed, so 

the power consumption supporting those 

operations remain aggregated in their respective 

building’s totals. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, State reported using 2,556 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 2.2 

percent of its facility electricity use. Eligible old 

renewable electricity use by State totaled 0.2 

MWh. 

The Department of State has installed photovoltaic 

(PV) cells for the parking lot and perimeter 

building security lighting at the Florida Regional 

Center (FRC) along with a passive solar trough for 

hot water heating. The array and trough generate 

approximately 159 KWh for lighting and hot water 

heating use. Additional solar PV arrays are being 

considered for installation at FRC to accomplish 

net-metering (generating electricity to be fed back 

into the grid) and provide electrical power to the 

facility. However, it is projected that all power 

generated on-site will be consumed on-site. 

In addition, there is a small 35.1-KW PV solar 

array installed on the roof of HST. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

The State Department did not report any 

investment in energy efficiency and renewable 

energy projects in FY 2007. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, the State Department reported using 

169.0 million gallons of water in 4.5 million 

square feet of facility space. This establishes a 

baseline for the State Department’s water 

consumption of 37.8 gallons per gross square foot. 

63 
Training 

In FY 2007, the State Department reported 

training six energy managers at a cost of $3,400. 

All purchase/credit card holders are required to 

complete appropriate procurement training—

including “buying green” and Energy-Star® 

purchasing requirements—when they first are 

issued a credit card and periodically thereafter. 

Several Intranet websites provide on-line training 

and procurement guidance and are available to the 

entire Departmental staff. A/OPR organizations 

support professional development of staff members through occasional training programs, 

seminars, and credentialing activities. This past 

year, one individual became a Leadership in 

Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) accredited professional while a second staff member 

retained her Accredited Professional (AP) 

credential; three other staff members maintained 

their Certified Energy Manager credentials; and 

several facility managers participated in sequential 

on-line seminars (“webinars”) on energy 

conservation and sustainable buildings topics. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Tim Arthurs 

Energy Conservation and Policy Officer 

Office of Facility Management and Support 

Services 

Department of State 

A/OPR/FMSS 

2201 C Street, NW 

Washington, DC 20520 

Phone: 202-647-8970 

Fax: 202-647-1873 

E-Mail: arthursrt2@state.gov

64 
L. Department of Transportation 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, DOT reported using 79,199 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

21.9 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

101,423 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. DOT received 

credit for purchases of 126.1 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

96,559 Btu/GSF to 79,199 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, DOT’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 4.8 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007, DOT reported 15,650 of its buildings 

metered for electricity use. This represents 100 

percent of the total electricity consumed by DOT. 

Progress towards advanced metering continues to 

be investigated. Training has been provided on 

metering strategies and equipment utilizing the 

greatest amount of electrical power has been 

identified. Plans are under review to install 

individual, advanced meters in various locations in 

FY 2008; for instance FAA’s Aeronautical Center 

currently has 38 buildings with advanced electric 

meters and 26 buildings with advanced gas meters. 

The Aeronautical Technical Center has 22 

advanced meters planned for FY 2008, completion 

scheduled for FY 2012. 

New Building Designs 

The Department of Transportation did not start 

any new designs in FY 2007. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007 DOT reported using 3,530.2 billion 

Btu in its excluded buildings, 83.4 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. DOT’s excluded 

buildings occupy 20.3 million square feet, 73.7 

percent of the agency’s total facility space. 

The buildings and facilities listed on the FAA FY 

2007 Excluded Facilities Inventory are National 

Airspace (NAS) electronic and plant support 

systems for air traffic control within the 

continental U.S. A sampling survey was conducted 

of typical buildings and facilities and that survey 

showed an overwhelming proportion of process 

dedicated energy for those NAS systems. The 

process energy used is for FAA Air Route Traffic 

Control Center (ARTCC) systems and NAS 

support systems and it is technically infeasible to 

meet the reduction goals in these spaces because 

of the higher amount of process energy required. 

FAA, in the design of NAS systems, incorporates 

energy savings components where possible. Also, 

the heating, ventilation, lighting and air conditioning systems are necessary for the direct support of 

the NAS to create an environment that is suitable 

for both the temperature sensitive equipment and 

Air Traffic Control personnel providing air traffic 

control in a stressful environment. 

The equipment in the FAA’s buildings is served 

through a series of centralized electric buses and 

distribution panels that would make isolating the 

loads of HVAC, lighting, and equipment by 

functional area an expensive and impractical task. 

The FAA continues to evaluation its exempt 

buildings and facilities list to determine which 

spaces should be re-categorized. 

The Maritime Administration operates three ship 

storage facilities. Over 250 ships of the National 

Reserve Fleet are maintained in various states of 

readiness in support of the Department of Defense. 

Power is provided to the ships primarily for 

ventilation and cathodic protection or what is 

referred to as “cold iron energy.” 

The St. Lawrence Seaway Development 

Corporation (SLSDC) operates two locks on the 

St. Lawrence River. During the winter months 

these locks are closed and drained of water for 

maintenance. Portions of the locks are temporarily 

partitioned and heated during maintenance. Since 

the locks are not buildings and are industrial in 

nature, the energy consumed during maintenance 

is reported as excluded. 

The Turner-Fairbank Research Facility is a 

mixture of indoor and outdoor labs used for short 

and long term testing of various highway systems. 

A major portion of the facility is dedicated to the 

laboratory space with some heavy process 

dedicated energy users. The testing workload 

varies from year to year and additional energy 

consuming laboratory equipment is being installed 

in the near future. Significant efforts continue at 

this site. 

65 
Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, DOT reported using 37,958 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

37,458 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, DOT 

received a bonus of 494 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. 

Almost all of DOT’s electricity use was from new 

sources, meeting the Executive Order goal. 

Eligible old renewable electricity use by DOT 

totaled 6 MWh. 

The Office of Real and Personal Property and 

Asset Management issued guidance on the use of 

renewable energy to all DOT Operating Administrations. As a result, the use of self-generated 

renewable energy and purchase of renewable 

energy certificates increased for FY 2007. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

The Department continues to encourage the use of 

renewable energy through funding, training, 

promoting, and partnering with other Federal 

agencies. The FAA has been partnering with the 

FEMP to conduct photovoltaic studies at small 

ATO (Air Traffic Organization) facilities in 

Colorado. The FEMP contractor working with the 

FAA through grant funding will develop a detailed 

photovoltaic design of a remote communications 

air/ground system based on these study results. In 

FY 2007, ATO generated roughly 406 MWh of 

renewable energy from a combination of hydrogen 

powered fuel cells, photovoltaics, and wind power 

systems. These systems are located in FAA’s 

Western, Central, and Eastern Service Areas. 

The ATO National Program Office also funded 11 

new photovoltaic projects at remote sites in their 

Western (WSA) and Central Service Areas (CSA). 

The photovoltaic projects in WSA are in the 

bidding phase. The photovoltaic projects in the 

CSA are in the construction phase. FAA’s 

Aeronautical Technical Center (ACT) has installed 

48 solar panels that produce 2.61 kW of power. A 

solar tracked mirror skylight system was installed 

that provides daylight in the Airport Pavement 

Test Facility. The calculated non-electric 

renewable energy generated was 478.4 million 

Btu. 

The Maritime Administration continues the use of 

geothermal heating and cooling, completing the 

installation of a geothermal heating and cooling 

system for Palmer Hall resulting in 3 out of 6 

barracks now using geothermal technology. 

Geothermal installations will continue during FY 

2008 for Murphy Hall. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

The FAA’s WSA purchased 500 MWh of its 

energy requirements in its Legacy Northwest 

Mountain, Western Pacific, and Alaskan Regions 

from renewable sources. The FAA’s Aeronautical 

Center has been supporting/purchasing as a Large 

Power & Light customer. Additionally, the DOT 

Headquarters Building, located in Washington, 

D.C. utilized 100 percent renewable energy 

totaling 33.9 MWh via credits from a GSA areawide contract. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, DOT invested $4.3 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 3.5 

percent of its total facility energy costs. During FY 

2007, DOT did not finance any projects through 

energy saving performance contracts or with 

utility energy service contracts. 

In FY 2007, FAA’s National Energy Program 

Office and the WSA began collaborating with the 

DOE’s Hydrogen Infrastructure Office to develop 

a performance-based Interagency Agreement for 

the Installation of Hydrogen Fuel Cells. The 

DOE’s Hydrogen Infrastructure Group will 

provide up to $110,000 for the cost of the fuel 

cells and the WSA will provide the resources to 

install the fuel cells and the intellectual property in 

the form of data gathered from their operation. 

The DOE funding is based on the difference to run 

the fuel cells versus a more conventional stand-by 

power technology. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, DOT reported using 464.1 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $3.0 million in 25.7 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final water baseline of 18.0 gallons 

per gross square foot. 

66 
Training 

In FY 2007, DOT reported training 65 energy 

managers at a cost of $89,700. DOT relies on the 

broad training opportunities offered by the annual 

energy conferences sponsored by the DOE, GSA, 

and DOD. DOT also relies on the “You Have the 

Power” campaign materials for our outreach and 

employee awareness efforts. 

The FAA Air Traffic Organization’s Energy 

Management Program Office funded, organized, 

and facilitated one national training workshop in 

FY 2007 for the agency’s Regional Energy 

Managers (REM’s) and various team members. 

The workshop was held in Long Island, New York 

in conjunction with the Association of Energy 

Services Professionals (AESP) Energy 

Technology Symposium. The AESP Symposium 

provided education and training on buildings 

automatic control technologies, utility peak 

demand limiting rates, and end use technology 

integration strategies. It also provided an 

opportunity for the FAA Headquarters Energy 

Management Program members to conduct a 

program review of the Service Areas’ energy 

projects. The REM’s and the Technical Center 

energy team discussed project implementation, 

challenges, and successes. 

Energy Management Contact 

Ms. Catherine Johnson (in FY 2007) 

Acting Energy Coordinator 

U.S. Department of Transportation 

Room 2310, M 93 

400 7th Street, SW 

Washington, DC 20590 

Phone: 202-366-0266 

Fax: 202-366-3192 

E-Mail: catherine.johnson@dot.gov

67 
M. Department of the Treasury 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, Treasury reported using 161,014 Btu 

per gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, 

a 12.1 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

183,237 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. Treasury 

received credit for purchases of 63.0 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

166,018 Btu/GSF to 161,014 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, 

Treasury’s reduction from FY 2003 is 9.4 percent. 

Metering 

The Department of Treasury reported 31 of its 

buildings metered for electricity use. This 

represents 100 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by the Department of the Treasury. 

The IRS has met its metering goal for FY 2007 by 

surveying all existing sites. 

The United States Mint has standard meters at all 

of its manufacturing facilities, and has advanced 

metering capabilities at the Philadelphia Mint. 

Mint intends to explore advanced metering 

capabilities at other facilities in FY 2008 through 

local utility providers, and explore metering of 

specific equipment in accordance with Mint’s 

metering plan. 

The Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) 

investment grade energy audit included the 

requirement of advanced metering. In accordance 

with metering plan milestones, the OTS investment grade energy audit included the requirement 

of advanced metering. In accordance with 

metering plan milestones, the OTS is working on 

the best approach depending upon electrical utility 

upgrades. 

New Building Designs 

The Department of Treasury did not start any new 

designs in FY 2007. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007 Treasury reported using 1.8 billion 

Btu in its excluded buildings, 0.1 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. Treasury’s excluded 

buildings occupy 57.0 million square feet, 0.5 

percent of the agency’s total facility space. 

Based on DOE guidelines, the IRS has parking lot 

lights that are separately metered in Atlanta, 

Georgia and Covington, Kentucky and the 

consumption data for which are reported as 

excluded energy. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, Treasury reported using 18,468 MWh 

of renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.6 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

15,468 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. Treasury did not 

generate any electricity on Federal or Indian land. 

Eligible old renewable electricity use by Treasury 

totaled 3,000 MWh. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

Treasury has not yet fully implemented any selfgenerating renewable energy projects. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) 

purchased renewable energy from competitive 

suppliers which were selected through GSA 

reverse auctions. The percent of renewable energy 

is specified in the GSA contract agreements. In FY 

2007, 4 percent of BEP electrical consumption 

was renewable energy. 

In 2007, the Bureau of Public Debt (BPD) 

purchased 3,000 MWh of Renewable Energy 

Certificates (REC) from bio-mass generators 

located in Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama. 

Besides helping to reduce energy consumption 

from non-renewable sources, the purchase of 

RECs provide LEED points for the new Avery 

Street building. This purchase of RECs was in the 

second year of a 4-year contract. The RECs 

purchased were from generators placed in service 

in 1998 and earlier. 

The IRS has purchased 7,500 MWh of Renewable 

Energy Credits (RECs) for FY 2007, up from 

7,000 MWh in 2006. 

In FY 2007, the Mint purchased 4,201 MWh of 

renewable energy from new renewable electricity 

68 
sources. The renewable energy is 3 percent of the 

total electrical energy consumption. Renewable 

energy purchases are currently made through the 

local utility in Denver, CO and Philadelphia, PA. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, Treasury invested $5.3 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

11.8 percent of its total facility energy costs. Of 

this total, $2.2 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $3.1 was financed through UESCs. 

During FY 2007 Treasury did not finance any 

projects with energy savings performance contracts. 

During FY 2007, the IRS contracted with 

Washington Gas to conduct a detailed feasibility 

study to determine whether the energy 

conservation measures proposed last year in an 

independent building audit are feasible, therefore 

minimizing the government’s risk in implementing 

these measures based on proposed cost savings. 

All five ECMs were determined feasible with 

payback periods of less than ten years, with an 

annual estimated savings of $515,239. IRS will 

implement these measures utilizing the GSA's 

Area-wide Contract, starting in FY 2008 with the 

design and engineering/design build phase. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, Treasury reported using 431.1 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $1.8 million in 12.1 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for the Treasury water 

consumption of 35.8 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

In FY 2007, Treasury reported training 31 energy 

managers at a cost of $53,700. 

In FY 2007, 30 employees attended the DOEsponsored GovEnergy 2007 workshop, an increase 

of 36 percent over the previous year. Treasury 

promotes course offerings from the Federal 

Energy Management Program office and encourages participation by Bureau energy managers in 

FY 2008. 

During FY 2007 Treasury Bureaus implemented 

energy awareness displays during October energy 

awareness month with supplies and posters 

provided by the Federal Energy Management 

Program “You Have the Power Campaign.” In 

addition, Treasury has implemented a Green 

Purchasing Program to include the purchase of 

EenrgyStar® products, which is also included in 

the Federal purchase card user training. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Les Smith 

Environmental & Energy Programs Officer 

U.S. Department of the Treasury 

1500 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Annex Building 6004 

Washington, DC 20220 

Phone: 202-622-0989 

Fax: 202-622-5334 

E-mail: les.smith@do.treas.gov 

69 
N. Department of Veterans Affairs 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, VA reported using 191,340 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

7.6 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

207,166 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. VA received 

credit for purchases of 341.2 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

199,593 Btu/GSF to 191,340 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, VA’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 3.7 percent. 

Metering 

The Department of Veterans Affairs reported that 

it had not installed any building-level electric 

meters to date. Per VA’s metering plan, VA 

developed specifications for building-level electric 

metering and selected two pilot regions for initial 

implementation. VA elected to include water, 

natural gas and thermal energy meters for these 

pilots as well. The solicitation that VA developed 

for these pilots also includes centralized bill 

auditing and commodity data services for all VA 

facilities nationwide. 

New Building Designs 

The VA began the design process for three new 

facilities during FY 2007. All three of these 

facilities have been designed to use 30 percent less 

energy than relevant code. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, VA reported using 106,931 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.4 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

53,465 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, VA 

received a bonus of 3,465 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. 

Half of VA’s renewable electricity use was from 

new sources, meeting the Executive Order goal. 

Eligible old renewable electricity use by VA 

totaled 50,000 MWh. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

VA generated both electric and non-electric 

energy from renewable sources in FY 2007, and 

much more than in FY 2006. VA continues to 

improve Department-wide understanding of this 

technology category and anticipates increases in 

self-generated renewable energy use. VA is 

planning to install solar power generation systems 

in two pilot medical centers, and is planning to 

award wind and geothermal system installation 

projects in FY 2008. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

VA purchased 100.0 gigawatthours of renewable 

energy at a cost of $219,000. VA anticipates 

increases in purchased renewable energy. However, VA will be more focused on installing selfgenerated renewable energy systems. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, VA invested $17.5 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 3.7 

percent of its total facility energy costs. The entire 

$17.5 million was funded directly by the agency. 

The VA has completed facility energy assessments 

for 64 facilities and developed recommended 

water and energy conservation measures (ECMs) 

for each facility. The facilities represent 

approximately 25 percent of VA square footage 

and 17 percent of VA major facilities, clustered in 

6 of VA’s 21 regions. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, VA reported using 9.3 billion gallons 

of water at a cost of $26.5 million in 144.8 million 

square feet of facility space. This establishes a 

final baseline for VA water consumption of 64.5 

gallons per square foot. VA has reduced its water 

consumption from FY 2006 to FY 2007 by 10 

percent, but related costs by only 0.9 percent. An 

increasing number of VA facilities are identifying 

potential water conservation measures during facility assessments and selecting them for implementation, and the National Cemetery Administration is leading the way in innovative practices. 

However, VA’s mission in both the cemetery and 

health care environments means that reductions 

achievable in certain applications are limited. 

Training 

In FY 2007, VA reported training 106 energy 

managers at a cost of $168,000. VA co-sponsored 

the DOE annual energy workshop, GovEnergy 

70 
2007, which took place August 6-9 in New 

Orleans. VA speakers addressed participants at a 

number of sessions, and VA conducted a day-long 

training session immediately following the event 

for VA employees. 

In August, after the GovEnergy 2007 VA session, 

VA created an Energy Engineers Training 

Planning Board to plan, develop and provide 

energy training for new energy engineers in FY 

2008 and beyond. A number of VA employees 

also took advantage of Energy Star Web-based 

conferences. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Edward Bradley 

Office of Assistant Enterprise Management 

Investment and Enterprise Development Service 

(004B2) 

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 

810 Vermont Avenue, NW 

Washington, DC 20420 

Phone: 202-273-5589 

Fax: 202-273-7071 

E-Mail: edward.bradley@mail.va.gov 

71 
O. Environmental Protection 

Agency

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, EPA reported using 129,847 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

63.8 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

359,020 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. EPA received 

credit for purchases of 682.5 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

315,867 Btu/GSF to 129,847 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, EPA’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 12.0 percent. 

Metering 

The Environmental Protection Agency reported 33 

of its buildings metered for electricity use. This 

represents 100 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by EPA. 

EPA met 100 percent of its advanced metering 

goals in FY 2007. EPA plans to meet or exceed 

EPACT 2005 requirements with advanced 

metering of other utilities in all of its reporting 

facilities. Additionally, EPA plans to integrate all 

metered energy data from different facilities into a 

singe, Web-based “clearinghouse.” EPA anticipates this will improve accuracy and save time by 

replacing the existing practice of manually 

tracking and entering consumption data. 

In FY 2008, EPA plans to make additional 

progress towards Agency-wide implementation of 

advanced metering. EPA plans to procure a 

software package that will serve as the Agency’s 

nationwide advanced metering software platform. 

Finally, by the end of FY 2008, EPA will procure 

and install new advanced metering hardware in 

several targeted facilities, starting with laboratories in Research Triangle Park (RTP) and 

Cincinnati. 

New Buildings Design 

The EPA did not begin any new designs in FY 

2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, EPA reported using 200,260 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 153.5 

percent of its facility electricity use. EPA received 

a bonus of 118 MWh for renewable electricity 

generated on Federal land. All of EPA’s renewable 

electricity use was from new sources, meeting the 

Executive Order goal. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

On September 1, 2006, EPA became the first 

major federal agency to purchase green power 

equivalent to 100 percent of its annual electricity 

use. Reaching this milestone is a testament to 

EPA’s dedication to improve the Agency’s own 

environmental performance through an everexpanding green power procurement program. The 

largest single purchase of green power by EPA to 

date, a contract for 110 million kWh that went into 

effect September 1, 2006, includes major EPA 

facilities not previously covered by green power 

contracts through FY 2007. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

From its current onsite renewable energy projects, 

EPA generated more than 117.8 kWh of solar 

electricity and nearly 9.2 billon Btu of renewable 

thermal energy in FY 2007, by employing a 

variety of onsite renewable energy technologies. 

EPA continued to operate numerous renewable 

self-generation technologies in FY 2007: 

• Solar Arrays: EPA continued to operate a 9-

kW photovoltaic (PV) array installed in 2004 

at the Western Ecology Division Laboratory in 

Corvallis, Oregon; a 100-kW PV array 

installed in April 2002 on the roof of the NCC 

in RTP; a 10-kW solar array installed on the 

roof of its Region 5 office in Chicago’s 

Metcalfe Federal Building in 2000; and, as 

part of the new regional office building in 

Denver, a new 48-panel, 10-kW PV array on 

the building’s eighth floor. 

• PV Lighting: EPA’s RTF campus includes 

solar streetlights and have served the entrance 

road and parking lot facilities since FY 2002. 

• Solar Water-Heating Systems: In FY 2004, 

the Agency installed a solar water-heating 

system at the Region 9 Child Care and Fitness 

Center in San Francisco. EPA’s Region 2 

laboratory in Edison, New Jersey, utilizes 

72 
three solar water-heating systems that have 

been the primary source of hot water in their 

respective facilities since 1998. Each system 

helps augment its respective facility’s energy 

use by reducing the need for electricity and 

natural gas. 

• Solar Power Awnings: EPA’s New England 

Regional Laboratory in Chelmsford, Massachusetts, has operated a PV awning system 

since September 2001. The 2-kW capacity 

awnings feed the regional electric grid and 

reduce cooling needs by providing shade for 

the facility’s office windows. 

• Solar Wall: EPA Region 8 Laboratory’s 

transpired solar collector has augmented the 

Golden, Colorado, facility’s heating and 

cooling system since March 2002, generating 

approximately 1.4 billion Btu of solar power 

annually. 

• Ground-Source Heat Pump: A geothermal 

heat pump was installed as part of the Robert 

S. Kerr Environmental Research Station’s 

ESPC upgrade in Ada, Oklahoma, in June 

2004. This heat pump generates approximately 

7.8 billion Btu annually and reduces EPA’s 

need for primary fuels (electric and gas) 

accordingly. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, EPA invested $5.7 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 28.5 

percent of its total facility energy costs. During FY 

2007, EPA did not finance any projects through 

energy savings performance contracts or with 

utility energy service contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, EPA reported using 168.1 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $1.2 million in 3.7 

million square feet of facility space. This establishes a final baseline for EPA water consumption 

of 45.2 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

In FY 2007, EPA reported training 153 energy 

managers at a cost of $62,400. 

To educate EPA employees on the requirements of 

EPAct 2005 and E.O. 13423, EPA’s Sustainable 

Facilities Practices Branch (SFPB) developed 

several internal energy and green buildings 

training sessions in FY 2007. These training 

sessions also meet a specific goal of E.O. 13423, 

which mandates that agencies establish an internal 

environmental training program that will provide 

initial awareness and review of the executive order 

goals and related instructions, including the 

environmental impacts of employees’ actions. In 

addition to two sessions dedicated to meeting the 

requirements of E.O. 13423 and EPAct 2005, 

presentations were made on ASHRAE 90.1-2004, 

as it applies to laboratories, and facility 

commissioning. Nearly 100 EPA employees 

attended. 

Labs21 is a voluntary partnership program 

dedicated to improving the environmental 

performance of U.S. laboratories. Co-sponsored by 

EPA and DOE, the program is committed to 

helping build sustainable, high-performing, and 

low-energy laboratories. 

As of October 2007, 5,975 industry professionals 

were involved in Labs21 through the Labs21 

Network, which provides monthly updates on the 

various program components, including an annual 

conference, partnership and supporter programs, 

and a tool kit of technical resources. 

In FY 2007, Labs21 held its largest conference to 

date. From October 17 to 19, 2006, 565 architects, 

engineers, federal employees, facility managers, 

and other laboratory professionals—including 37 

EPA employees—convened in San Antonio, 

Texas, to discuss the latest trends in sustainable 

laboratory design and construction. 

Energy Management Contact 

Dan Amon 

OARM/OA/FMSD 

Sustainable Facilities Practices Branch 

Environmental Protection Agency 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 

(Mail code 3204R) 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

Phone: 202-564-7509 

Fax: 202-564-8234 

E-mail: amon.dan@epamail.epa.gov 

73 
P. General Services Administration 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, GSA reported using 69,816 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

9.4 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

77,029 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. GSA received 

credits for purchases of 769.5 billion Btu of 

renewable energy and for project source energy 

savings of 87.0 billion Btu in FY 2006, reducing 

the performance measure of these buildings from 

74,512 Btu/GSF to 69,816 Btu/GSF. Without 

these credits, GSA’s reduction from FY 2003 is 

3.3 percent. The agency achieved this reduction by 

directly investing in energy and water 

conservation opportunities with paybacks of 10 

years or less. 

Metering 

GSA reported 1,303 of its buildings metered for 

electricity use. This represents 100 percent of the 

total electricity consumed by GSA. 

GSA has had a great deal of activity with the 

metering effort in FY 2007. The Square D-ION 

EEM front end system to be used to tie in data 

nationally was in place, so much of the efforts 

centered around working to generate and receive 

proposals for the work to connect existing 

advanced meters into the national system for 

analysis. 

GSA submitted a Strategic Action Plan Initiative 

for FY 2007 which was approved for advanced 

metering funds. The $6 million in funding was not 

available until late in the fiscal year but provided 

for a significant amount of meter hardware 

purchases, complete project installation awards, 

task orders issued for connection of existing 

advance meters to the front end system as well as 

awards to implement utility offered programs. 

Staff at the regional level supplied prioritized 

requests for metering funds for their sites that were 

in line with the approach outlined in GSA’s 

Metering Plan. The funds were distributed and 

spent at the regional level. With completion of 

these efforts GSA will have advanced metering in 

place at 127 sites which together comprise 28 

percent of the agencies annual electricity use. 

There were several approaches pursued this fiscal 

year and the various scopes and lessons learned 

from each project are being shared across the 

agency. The largest effort was undertaken by the 

Denver Federal Center which is comprised of 50 

buildings and is the single largest electricity 

consumer in GSA’s inventory. 

The largest obstacle encountered which continues 

to hinder progress is related to the HSPD-12 

security clearances process. The delay this process 

adds to a project can be significant. Additionally, 

efforts were needed to coordinate and educate 

GSA IT staff at the national level and regional 

level as to the various requirements of this 

mandate in order to provide for some consistency 

in how the advanced metering would be connected 

within GSA’s network. 

New Buildings Design 

GSA began the design process for nine new 

facilities during FY 2007. All of these nine 

facilities will be designed to use 30 percent less 

energy than relevant code. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, the GSA reported using 5,453.0 

billion Btu in its excluded buildings, 28.6 percent 

of the agency’s total facility use. GSA’s excluded 

buildings occupy 31.1 thousand square feet, 14.6 

percent of the agency’s total facility space. 

Generally, the buildings and facilities listed on the 

GSA Excluded Facilities Inventory are generally 

excluded from EPACT 2005 performance goals 

for the following reasons: 

• nuclear waste dump; minimal use 

• buildings under renovation, 

• lease space that comprises only part of a 

building 

• buildings that are partially vacant, 

• buildings entering or leaving the inventory 

that do not have a full year of data, 

• leased space where GSA doesn't pay all 

utilities, 

• building disposal is pending, and 

• parking facilities with minimal energy use. 

74 
Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, GSA reported using 228,791 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 7.8 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

227,890 was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, GSA 

received a bonus of 900 MWh for renewable 

electricity generated on Federal or Indian land. All 

of GSA’s renewable electricity use was from new 

sources, exceeding the Executive Order goal. 

GSA continues to include a minimum of 3 percent 

new renewable requirement in all competitive 

electricity supply contracts. The lack of final 

renewable guidance resulted in some difficulty in 

structuring the competitive supply contracts and 

direct renewable purchase contracts to ensure they 

will comply with final guidance. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

GSA considers opportunities for solar and other 

renewable energy in building design and retrofits. 

When GSA performs an energy audit of a facility, 

renewable opportunities are identified and 

implemented if they are life-cycle cost effective. 

In addition, The Facility Standards for Public 

Buildings, PBS P100.2 incorporates language for 

solar/renewable energy sources to be considered in 

the proposed design. 

In FY 2007, GSA used an estimated 4.1 billion 

Btu in energy from self-generated projects. 

Approximately 988.7 MWh of this came from 

GSA’s 14 photovoltaic installations; 738 million 

Btu was from GSA’s four solar thermal projects 

and one completed geothermal project. GSA also 

has funded the repair of five existing solar thermal 

projects that are currently inactive to bring them 

back to operating condition. 

In FY 2007, GSA funded two new photovoltaic 

systems. The first is a large 1-MW pole mounted 

photovoltaic system at the Denver Federal Center. 

The second is a 512-kW tracking carport photovoltaic system at the Otay Mesa Border Station in 

CA. GSA is exploring the viability of onsite wind 

turbines at various border stations. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, GSA purchased a total of 226,902 

MWh of electricity from renewable sources 

through competitive power contracts and use of 

green power programs offered by local distribution 

companies. 

In FY 2007, GSA had active competitive power 

contracts that contained green power components 

in 5 of 11 Regions: 

• New England Region, 

• Northeast Caribbean Region, 

• Great Lakes Region, 

• Northwest Arctic Region, and 

• National Capital Region. 

GSA attempts to include the option for renewable 

purchases in all competitive procurements issued, 

and exercises the option when it makes sense. The 

use of Renewable Energy Certificates has become 

the most viable choice for these purchases. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, GSA invested $23.7 million in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 5.6 

percent of its total facility energy costs. Of this 

total, $19.9 million was funded directly by the 

agency and $3.8 million was financed through 

energy savings performance contracting. During 

FY 2007 GSA did not finance any projects with 

utility energy service contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, GSA reported using 2.7 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $18.1 million in 176.4 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for GSA water 

consumption of 15.0 gallons per square foot. 

In FY 2007, GSA funded and implemented several 

water conservation projects. 

• A.J. Celebrezze FB in Cleveland, OH 

renovated 90 percent of its restrooms and will 

retrofit the remainder in FY 2008. 

• John W. Peck FB in Cincinatti, OH began a 

major renovation to all restrooms which began 

in FY 2007 and will be completed in FY 2008. 

• Custom Cargo Facility in Detroit, MI installed 

waterless urinals in restrooms. 

75 
GSA utilizes a proactive approach with water 

management. Every GSA facility has an O&M 

plan that incorporates water management. The 

majority of energy audits that GSA complete each 

year include water conservation as well. Lastly, 

GSA has a comprehensive maintenance program 

that already incorporates many of the Best Management Practices identified by FEMP into our 

everyday requirements for maintenance at our 

facilities. 

GSA continues to experience extreme difficulty in 

obtaining water consumption data for buildings 

located in the District of Columbia. The data 

comes in sometimes as much as a year behind, 

making it very difficult to provide actual 

consumption data for these sites. GSA was able to 

establish a direct contact with DC water personnel 

to assist in sorting out the information for setting 

this baseline. The data provided is unavailable 

specific to an agency, but rather comes in a large 

cumbersome file for all Federal accounts they 

serve with the only a street address listed to 

identify the account. 

Additionally, the following obstacles are greatly 

increasing the level of effort required to report on 

this goal and impacting the accuracy of data: 

• Rebilling for the same time period by 

companies based on previously estimated data 

sent by the company or due to a problem 

encountered with the actual meter itself. 

• Inconsistency in quantitative measurements 

across the water industry. 

• There are approximately 5,000 different water 

companies which results in an extraordinary 

effort of record maintenance. 

• Billing is sometimes done quarterly or even 

every six months, which results in data not 

being available for reporting purposes. 

Training 

In FY 2007, GSA reported training 110 energy 

managers at a cost of $140,000. In 2007, GSA 

held or co-sponsored three conferences/workshops. These workshops included the following 

dates, locations and approximate attendees: 

• Federal Utility Partnership Working Group 

Nov. 1-2, 2006; San Francisco, CA; 

Approximately 75 attendees. 

• Federal Utility Partnership Working Group 

May 1-2, 2007; Cape Canaveral, FL; 

Approximately 75 attendees. 

• GovEnergy 2007 in New Orleans, LA; 

Aug. 6-8, 2007 with approximately 1875 

attendees. 

GSA continues to train its own personnel in all 

aspects of energy and water management and 

conservation. GSA also includes project managers 

responsible for renovation and new construction 

projects in many of these training activities. GSA 

currently has on staff 28 trained energy managers. 

Routine training includes such topics, among 

others, as: 

• Industrial Energy Process and Building 

Analysis 

• ASHRAE 90.1 

• Energy Management Techniques 

• Building Life Cycle Costing 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Mark Ewing 

Director, Energy Center of Expertise 

General Services Administration 

301 7th Street, SW (WPE) 

Washington, DC 20407 

Phone: 202-708-9296 

Fax: 202-401-3722 

E-mail: mark.ewing@gsa.gov

76 
Q. National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, NASA reported using 177,973 Btu 

per gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, 

17.6 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

215,907 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. NASA received credit for purchases of 681.3 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

199,497 Btu/GSF to 177,973 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, 

NASA’s reduction is 7.6 percent. 

Metering 

NASA reported 226 of its buildings separately 

metered for electricity use. This represents 7.3 

percent of the total electricity consumed by 

NASA. With regard to progress of meeting 

milestones, in FY 2007 NASA implemented nine 

out of ten of the milestones planned for completion in FY 2007 in NASA's Electricity 

Metering and Information Systems Implementation Plan. Completed milestones included concluding the study, sharing NASA’s experiences 

outside the agency at the GovEnergy Federal 

energy workshop, obtaining training by attending 

GovEnergy metering sessions, briefing senior 

management on progress on three occasions, 

creating and submitting the plan, and obligating 

the remaining project funding. NASA missed one 

milestone by briefing senior management on only 

three occasions instead of the quarterly frequency 

anticipated in the project plan. 

Regarding providing meter data to facilities 

management personnel, NASA sites utilize offthe-shelf systems or continue to develop in-house 

capabilities for utility information management. 

For example, in FY 2007 Wallops Flight Facility 

(WFF) utilized in-house personnel to develop a 

“Utility Information System” to make electrical 

consumption and cost information more 

accessible. WFF tailored this internal web 

application to energy management personnel and 

energy-minded employees. This tool provides a 

quick way to compare the electrical costs 

associated with particular buildings against each 

other and over time. WFF has begun development 

efforts to extend this tool into domestic water, 

wastewater, and fuel oil. 

New Building Design 

NASA began the design process for two new 

facilities during FY 2007. Of these two facilities 

one will be designed to use 30 percent less energy 

than relevant code. It is too early in the design 

process to determine if the other facility will meet 

this standard. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, NASA reported using 2,989.9 billion 

Btu in its excluded buildings, 32.1 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. NASA’s excluded 

buildings occupy 7.2 million gross square feet, 

18.6 percent of the Agency’s total facility space. 

 

Examples of exclusions include abandoned 

buildings with abnormally low Btu/GSF, and 

highly specialized energy-intensive facilities 

constructed for specific space flight and research 

programs, such as wind tunnels driven by multithousand horsepower electric motors, space simulation chambers, and space communication facilities. The facilities range from pre-World War II 

aeronautical test installations to relatively newer 

facilities that support the Space Shuttle, International Space Station, and deep space exploration 

programs. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, NASA reported using 56,576 MWh 

of renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.5 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

56,371 MWh was from new renewable sources 

developed after January 1, 1999. In addition, 

NASA received a bonus of 205 MWh for 

renewable electricity generated on Federal or 

Indian land. All of NASA’s renewable electricity 

use was from new sources, exceeding the Executive Order goal. 

If the metric included all of NASA’s renewable 

energy generation and purchases, such as wasteto-steam and landfill methane for steam, then 

NASA would report the equivalent of 18.1 percent 

of purchased electricity consumption from 

renewable energy---over five times the renewable 

electricity-only percentage. 

77 
Purchased Renewable Energy 

NASA focuses on purchasing renewable energy 

from sources cost-competitive with conventional 

energy. The following purchases qualify for the 

NECPA requirement as electrical renewable 

energy, and qualify as new for the Executive 

Order 13423 requirement: 

• Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) 

reimburses electricity costs to Edwards Air 

Force Base, which continues to obtain 57 

percent of its electrical power from renewable 

sources. This translated into DFRC using 

14,120 MWh of green electricity in FY 2007. 

• White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) began 

purchasing green electricity from the local 

electricity utility company, and purchased 498 

MWh in FY 2007. 

• Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) began 

participating in a new FY 2007 General 

Services Administration electricity procurement that includes 3 percent green electricity. 

In FY 2007, GSFC received 1,166 MWh green 

electricity. 

• Johnson Space Center (JSC) continued 

separately purchasing RECs through a 

Defense Energy Support Center (DESC) 

solicitation. In FY 2007, JSC purchased 

30,381 MWh. 

• Kennedy Space Center (KSC) began greening 

a portion of its annual incoming conventional 

electricity by separately purchasing RECs 

through a DESC solicitation. In FY 2007, 

KSC purchased 8,000 MWh. 

• Ames Research Center (ARC) continued 

greening a portion of its annual incoming 

electricity by separately purchasing RECs 

through a Western Area Power Administration 

solicitation. In FY 2007, ARC purchased 

2,000 MWh. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and 

White Sands Test Facility both installed an 

additional PV streetlight for pedestrian safety. In 

KSC’s case, the PV light replaced a temporary 

diesel fuel generator light set deployed at a 

crosswalk. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, NASA invested $19.4 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

12.4 percent of its total facility energy costs. Of 

this total, $11.2 was funded directly by the agency, 

$3.4 was financed through energy savings 

performance contracts and $4.9 was financed 

through utility energy savings contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, NASA reported using 2.0 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $5.1 million in 38.9 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for NASA water 

consumption of 52.4 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

In June 2007, Facilities Engineering and Real 

Property Division held its biennial Facilities 

Engineering and Real Property Conference and 

Workshop. This year’s workshop focused on the 

identification of facilities-related risks and the 

impact to mission. To illustrate potential means of 

addressing facility energy risks to mission, a 

NASA Energy Efficiency Panel (EEP) member 

presented Energy Management Technologies

featuring renewable energy, combined heating and 

power, and building metering and tune-ups. 

In FY 2007, NASA reported training 333 energy 

managers at a cost of $150,100. NASA employees 

and contractors received energy and water 

management training through NASA- and FEMPsponsored courses, industry conferences, and 

commercial or academic sources. HQ repeated a 

successful new idea from FY 2006---centrally 

funding registration costs for civil servants to 

participate in DOE’s GovEnergy Federal workshop, and conducting an all-day EEP meeting at 

the workshop location on the day after the 

workshop. 

NASA employees attended a variety of other 

training opportunities to further support NASA’s 

mission. Opportunities included topics such as 

Association of Energy Engineers comprehensive 

training for energy managers; U.S. Green Building 

Council (USGBC)-sponsored LEED training 

courses; DOE/National Renewable Energy Laboratory UESC workshop; American Society of 

78 
Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning 

Engineers (ASHRAE) Heating, Ventilating, and 

Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and dehumidification; Creating a Sustainable Energy Plan; 

lighting; efficient boiler plant operation; energy 

monitoring and control systems (EMCS); and 

metering. One NASA employee became a new 

Certified Energy Manager. 

Several NASA Centers utilize energy/water 

management personnel to provide education and 

awareness to other employees. In addition to 

focusing training and education efforts on better 

supporting the NASA mission, NASA also shares 

Agency energy/water program experiences at 

Federal and industry conferences. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Wayne Thalasinos 

Environmental Management Division 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

Mail Suite 5E39 

300 E St. SW 

Washington, DC 20546-0001 

Phone: 202-358-3811 

E-mail: wayne.b.thalasinos@nasa.gov

79 
R. National Archives and Records 

Administration 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, NARA reported using 147,198 Btu 

per gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, 

an 18.7 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

181,166 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. NARA 

received credit for purchases of 15.1 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

150,907 Btu/GSF to 147,198 Btu/GSF. Without 

the credit for renewable energy purchases, 

NARA’s reduction is 16.7 percent. 

Metering 

In FY 2007, NARA reported 15 of its buildings 

metered for electricity use. This represents 100 

percent of the total electricity consumed by 

NARA. In addition to all NARA facilities having 

standard meters, three have advanced metering. A 

scope of work to install advanced metering at all 

facilities was developed in 2007. A blueprint for 

the implementation of this scope of work was 

incorporated into the agency’s energy plan. The 

current schedule has NARA installing advanced 

metering in FY 2008 at Archives II. Installation at 

the remaining facilities is scheduled to begin in FY 

2009. 

New Building Designs 

NARA did not start any new designs in FY 2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, NARA reported using 4,415 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.7 

percent of its facility electricity use. NARA 

generated all of its electricity from new renewable 

sources developed after January 1, 1999. NARA 

did not generate any electricity on Federal or 

Indian land. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

NARA does not presently utilize any selfgenerated energy. However the facilities department is currently soliciting proposals for a solar 

energy installation to evaluate its feasibility. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

NARA purchased 4,415 MWh of renewable energy 

credits through the GSA area-wide contract. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, NARA invested $1.1 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

8.1 percent of its total facility energy costs. The 

entire amount was funded directly by the agency. 

During FY 2007, NARA did not finance any 

projects with energy savings performance 

contracts or utility energy service contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, NARA reported using 107.9 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $552.9 million in 4.2 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for NARA water 

consumption of 26.6 gallons per square foot. 

Strong water conservation measures continue at 

NARA. Archives II has awarded a contract for a 

cooling tower well that will replace roughly one 

third of the Archives II consumption with well 

water. As part of the Archives II Super ESPC, all 

plumbing fixtures in the building were replaced 

with low flow devices. 

Training 

In FY 2007, NARA reported training 3 energy 

managers at a cost of $7,548. Several members of 

the agency energy team attended the DOE FEMP 

annual energy conference in New Orleans. Several 

members followed the O&M track and one 

followed the alternative financing track. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Mark Sprouse 

Chief, NAFM 

National Archives and Records Administration 

Facilities, Suite 2320 

8601 Adelphi Road 

College Park, MD 20740-6001 

Phone: 301- 837-3019 

Fax: 301-837-0336 

E-mail: mark.sprouse@nara.gov

80 
S. Railroad Retirement Board 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, RRB reported using 97,871 Btu per 

gross square foot in its headquarters building, the 

sole building subject to the EPACT 2005 

amendments goal, a 5.8 percent decrease in energy 

intensity from 103,877 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. 

RRB received credit for purchases of 0.6 billion 

Btu of renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

99,671 Btu/GSF to 97,871 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, RRB’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 4.0 percent. 

Metering 

The RRB has electrical meters on its main 

headquarters facility, meeting the EPACT 2005 

requirement to install metering or advanced metering on all facilities by October 31, 2012. In addition RRB has previously purchased an advanced 

metering system called “Energy Tracker” from its 

local electric utility provider. This advanced 

electrical metering system is currently installed on 

all electrical meters in the facility to monitor 

electrical consumption at half hour intervals and 

provides for daily data collection. 

New Building Designs 

RRB did not start any new designs in FY 2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, RRB reported using 183 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 4.0 

percent of its facility electricity use. RRB did not 

generate any electricity on Federal or Indian land. 

All of RRB’s renewable electricity use was from 

new sources, exceeding the Executive Order goal. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

GSA, as the Government owner of the RRB 

building, has the responsibility to fund all projects 

and facility improvements over $50,000. As part 

of the GSA inventory, all self-generated renewable 

projects and solar roof projects of this type would 

fall under the jurisdiction of GSA based on this 

delegation of authority agreement. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

In FY 2007, the RRB participated in partnership 

efforts with GSA Region 5 in an Illinois Electric 

Solicitation. This solicitation had a component 

which included a portion of the power to be 

electricity generated from renewable energy 

sources. This contract began January 1, 2007 and 

was awarded to Pepco Energy Services. The RRB 

purchased 183 MWH of renewable power in FY 

2007. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, RRB invested $35,000 in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 6.6 

percent of its total facility energy costs. The entire 

amount was funded directly by the agency. 

The RRB has not entered into any ESPC contracts. 

The comparatively small size of potential contracts 

available to RRB, because of the delegation of 

authority agreement with GSA, is not practical for 

this type of procurement. However, the RRB was 

contacted by a Super ESPC contractor who was 

granted permission by the Facility Manager 

through FEMP to proceed with obtaining an initial 

proposal under the Super ESPC contract. This 

initial proposal is on hold pending the active 

involvement and support for the project from 

GSA. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, RRB reported using 5.5 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $19.5 thousand in 

346.9 thousand square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for RRB water 

consumption of 15.9 gallons per square foot. 

Independent water meters are installed for the first 

floor commercial tenant spaces which were not 

included in the RRB’s consumption total. Total 

consumption increased slightly from the previous 

fiscal year due to construction project work. This 

construction work involved the installation of new 

fire sprinkler upgrades and draining and filling the 

fire system several times throughout the year. 

Training 

In FY 2007, RRB reported training three energy 

managers at no cost. In accordance with the 

energy management training provision of the 

Energy Policy Act (EPACT), personnel 

responsible for energy management will receive 

the additional training that is to be provided by the 

81 
General Services Administration (GSA) under the 

EPACT requirements. This training includes 

additional FEMP sponsored seminars. Seminars 

offered this year included a workshop on meeting 

Federal renewable energy goals in Federal 

facilities. It also included a workshop on the 

metering requirements of EPACT 2005 relative to 

Federal agencies. 

Energy Management Contact

Mr. Scott Rush 

Facility Manager 

U.S. Railroad Retirement Board 

844 North Rush Street 

Chicago, IL 60611 

Phone: 312-751-4566 

Fax: 312-751-4923 

Email: scott.rush@rrb.gov 

 

82 
T. Social Security Administration 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, SSA reported using 115,712 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

6.9 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

124,300 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. SSA received 

credit for purchases of 4.1 billion Btu of renewable energy in FY 2007, reducing the performance 

measure of these buildings from 116,150 Btu/GSF 

to 115,712 Btu/GSF. Without the credit for 

renewable energy purchases, SSA had a decrease 

of 6.6 percent from FY 2003. 

Metering 

The Social Security Administration reported 20 of 

its buildings metered for electricity use. This 

figure represents 100 percent of the total 

electricity consumed by the Social Security 

Administration. SSA repaired and upgraded the 

advanced metering at the Wilkes-Barre Data 

Operation Center (WBDOC) delegated facility. 

During the prospectus repairs at the Headquarters 

Operations Building advanced metering was 

upgraded and repaired. All SSA delegated 

facilities have standard metering. 

New Buildings Design 

The Social Security Administration did not begin 

any new designs in FY 2007. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, SSA reported using 1,452 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 0.7 

percent of its facility electricity use. SSA 

generated 1,321 MWh of electricity from new 

renewable sources developed after January 1, 

1999. SSA generated 131 MWh of electricity on 

Federal land. Almost all of SSA’s renewable 

electricity use was from new sources. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

SSA has three self-generating renewable energy 

systems, described below: 

• Mid-Atlantic Social Security Center 

(MATSSC) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has 

a solar hot water system that has been on line 

since 2003. This system saves approximately 

10,300 KWh of electricity per year. SSA has 

also installed solar/wind lighting on the 

parking lot of this facility. 

• Harold Washington Social Security Center 

(HWSSC) in Chicago, IL has a 100-KW 

photovoltaic solar system which came on-line 

in July of 2005. In FY 2006, this system 

generated 90,645 KWh of electricity. 

• The Frank Hagel Federal Building in Richmond, CA installed a 17-KW photovoltaic 

system which came on line in April 2006. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

Ten percent of the power for SSA’s Joseph P. 

Addabbo Federal Building in Jamaica, NY is from 

renewable sources. SSA purchased a total of 

almost 1,190 MWh of renewable power. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, SSA invested $500,000 in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 2.0 

percent of its total facility energy costs. The entire 

amount was funded directly by the agency. 

SSA awarded contracts for energy audits to be 

performed in the Northeastern Program Center 

(NEPSC) and MATSSC delegated facilities to 

determine possible capital improvement projects. 

The Super ESPC awarded at HWSSC in Chicago, 

IL was modified to include additional energy 

conservation measures identified that include solar 

hot water. Installation of additional photovoltaic 

cells at HWSSC was completed this fiscal year 

which brings the system up to full capacity. 

SSA awarded a contract for the installation of 

newer energy efficient T-8 bulbs in WBDOC, 

which replaced our original T-8’s. WBDOC also 

replaced the front end for the lighting controls and 

installed vending misers on appropriate cafeteria 

equipment. Solar shades were also installed at 

WBDOC. Energy efficient lighting was also 

installed in several areas of MATSSC and 

HWSSC. A contract to install over-ride switches at 

the Headquarters East High and Low Rise 

Buildings was awarded. SSA also upgraded panel 

lighting controllers at HWSSC. 

83 
NEPSC received funding to upgrade the boiler and 

hot water system (controls and building computer 

system). Projects to insulate building overhangs, 

improve HVAC in the lobby areas were also 

initiated at NEPSC. A major restroom renovation 

was also funded which includes upgrades that will 

improve energy and water efficiency. 

SSA installed a 250kw cogeneration system for 

combined heat and power at the FHFB as part of 

the ESPC. 

SSA in conjunction with GSA is utilizing sustainable design and life cycle cost analysis in the 

prospectus projects for SSA’s Headquarters 

Complex. 

SSA requests that GSA include energy efficiency 

and sustainable design in all of our leases. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, SSA reported using 125.0 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $617.1 thousand in 9.3 

million square feet of facility space. This establishes a baseline for SSA water consumption of 

13.5 gallons per square foot. 

SSA purchased flushometers for MATSSC in FY 

2007. WBDOC completed installation of new 

fixtures in the restrooms. SSA’s Headquarters 

Operations Building has completed the major restroom renovations which include energy efficient 

fixtures and technology. 

Training 

In FY 2007, SSA reported training 48 energy 

managers at a cost of $6,300. Fourteen SSA 

employees attended the 2007 GovEnergy workshop sponsored by DOE. In addition seven SSA 

employees received training on Super ESPC 

Energy Conservation Measures as well as ESPC 

Project Deliverables. 

SSA staff also attend periodic meetings with GSA 

and DOE. SSA employees are active participants 

on numerous committees such as DOE’s Interagency Task Force and “You Have the Power”. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Scott Howard 

Social Security Administration 

(0134 Dunleavy) 

6401 Security Boulevard 

Baltimore, MD 21235 

Phone: 410-965-4980 

Fax: 410-966-3338 

Email: scott.howard@ssa.gov

84 
U. Tennessee Valley Authority 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, TVA reported using 60,703 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

7.4 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

65,536 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. TVA received 

credit for purchases of 4.0 billion Btu of 

renewable energy in FY 2006, reducing the 

performance measure of these buildings from 

61,153 Btu/GSF to 60,703 Btu/GSF. Without the 

credit for renewable energy purchases, TVA’s 

reduction from FY 2003 is 6.7 percent. 

Metering 

Under TVA’s Metering Plan, funding for metering 

projects, including advanced meter installation, 

starts in FY 2008. 

New Building Designs 

The Tennessee Valley Authority began the design 

process for six buildings in FY 2007. However, 

three of the projects were cancelled while in 

design. The design of the other three projects is 

complete, but the projects are currently on hold. 

These projects were designed to use 30 percent 

less energy than relevant code. 

Excluded Buildings 

In FY 2007, TVA reported using 1,278 billion Btu 

in its excluded buildings, 70.2 percent of the 

agency’s total facility use. TVA’s excluded 

buildings occupy 19.1 million gross square feet, 

68.3 percent of the agency’s total facility space. 

Energy reduction in these buildings has become 

increasingly more difficult given the majority of 

the energy consumption in these buildings is 

largely attributed to process energy (generation 

and transmission of electricity). In recognition of 

this and the fact that only so much can be done to 

make these buildings more efficient in a cost 

effective manner, TVA has elected to exclude 

these buildings. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, TVA reported using 20,484 MWh of 

renewable electric energy, equivalent to 3.8 

percent of its facility electricity use. Of this total, 

8,742 MWh was from new sources developed after 

January 1, 1999. TVA received a bonus of 7,542 

MWh for generating renewable electricity on 

Federal land. Eligible renewable energy from old 

sources totaled 4,200 MWh. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

Through TVA’s Green Power Switch (GPS) 

program, TVA utilizes photovoltaics, wind, and 

biomass methane as part of its mix to provide 

renewable energy to its customers. TVA identifies 

and evaluates emerging renewable energy 

technologies in support of its strategic needs. The 

renewable energy program provides data to 

support debate on renewable energy policy; 

monitors advancements in renewables to keep 

TVA organizations and customers informed on 

technology issues; and demonstrates and develops 

the most viable technologies in the areas of bioenergy, wind, solar, and other renewable 

resources. 

Commercial and industrial customers can sign up 

for the 150 kilowatthour blocks of green power 

based on the amount of energy they use each 

month. As of September 30, 2006, there were 95 

TVA power distributors participating in the GPS 

program throughout the Tennessee Valley. 

Purchased Renewable Energy 

TVA purchased 1,170 MWh of renewable energy 

for use in its Knoxville Office Complex, 

Chattanooga Office Complex, and Huntsville 

office. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, TVA invested $325,000 in energy 

efficiency and renewable energy projects, 1.3 

percent of its total facility energy costs. The total 

amount was funded directly by the agency. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, TVA reported using 733.0 million 

gallons of water at a cost of $2.2 million in 28.0 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a final baseline for TVA water 

consumption of 26.2 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

In FY 2007, TVA reported training 175 energy 

managing employees at a cost of $26,000. Multiple methods of training are used to accomplish the 

85 
objectives of the TVA Internal Energy Management Program. The TVA Intranet and 

employee awareness programs are used as tools to 

educate employees on how they impact energy 

efficiency and use, both at work and at home. 

Employees are shown their impact on facility 

energy use through a facility performance poster 

campaign. Posters showing monthly energy use 

and energy saving tips are placed in the lobbies of 

major energy-using facilities. Energy efficiency 

and information updates on current Federal 

requirements and regulations are provided to 

employees, managers, and TVA customers upon 

request. Energy management and associated 

environmental training is provided to managers 

and employees as needed. TVA also educates staff 

on energy and environmental related topics 

through the TVA Training and Development 

Organization. 

Energy Management Contact 

Mr. Steve Brothers 

Manager, Energy Legislation & Management 

Tennessee Valley Authority 

1101 Market Street (EB 3G) 

Chattanooga, TN 37402-2801 

Phone: 423-751-7369 

Fax: 423-751-6309 

E-mail: slbrothers@tva.gov

86 
V. United States Postal Service 

Reduction Goal Performance 

In FY 2007, USPS reported using 89,270 Btu per 

gross square foot in its goal subject buildings, a 

12.4 percent decrease in energy intensity from 

101,871 Btu/GSF used in FY 2003. USPS did not 

receive any credit toward its reduction goal for 

purchases of renewable energy in FY 2007. 

Metering 

As of FY 2007 the USPS reported 34,239 of its 

buildings metered for electricity use. This 

represents 100 percent of the total electricity 

consumed by the United States Postal Service. 

Through the combined efforts of the Utility 

Management System (UMS) and the Enterprise 

Energy Management System which is currently 

being developed, the USPS will meet the intent of 

advanced metering requirements and have detailed 

consumption information for our largest energy 

consuming facilities. 

In addition, the USPS is reviewing the latest utility 

requirements of some states that require local 

utilities to provide 15 minute interval data free of 

charge to their larger customers. This may provide 

additional consumption information with minimal 

cost to the USPS. 

New Building Designs 

The United States Postal Service began the design 

process for 29 designs in FY 2007. Of these 29 

facilities, five will be designed to use 30 percent 

less energy than relevant code. Of the remaining, 

one building is designed to use 25 percent less 

energy than relevant code and analysis is not yet 

complete to determine if the buildings will use less 

energy than 30 percent of relevant code. 

Excluded Buildings 

The Postal Service does not have any excluded 

buildings. Instead, it excludes the separatelymetered process energy use that is essential and 

critical to the USPS mission. Therefore, this 

operational energy usage is excluded from the 

reduction goals. 

Renewable Energy Use 

In FY 2007, USPS reported generating and using 

2,536 MWh of renewable electric energy, equivalent to 0.4 percent of its facility electricity use. 

However, USPS did not generate any electricity 

from renewable sources developed after January 1, 

1999. 

Self Generated Renewable Energy 

The USPS has eight facilities with solar photovoltaic systems. USPS has two additional sites in 

the installation phase that will come online in FY 

2008. 

Investment in Energy Efficiency 

In FY 2007, USPS invested $53.5 million in 

energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, 

8.8 percent of its total facility energy costs. Of the 

total, $50.0 million was funded directly by the 

agency. During FY 2007, USPS financed $3.5 

million through shared energy savings contracts, 

its version of ESPCs. In FY 2007 USPS did not 

finance any projects through utility energy savings 

contracts. 

Water Consumption 

In FY 2007, USPS reported using 5.6 billion 

gallons of water at a cost of $29.3 million in 313.0 

million square feet of facility space. This 

establishes a baseline for USPS water 

consumption of 17.4 gallons per square foot. 

Training 

Individual training, education planning, and 

implementation are decentralized to facility and/or 

supervisor-subordinate level. However, the USPS 

has national training courses for both management 

and craft employees, where some of these courses 

have been reworked to include energy awareness 

and conservation practices. These courses will be 

offered to management and craft employees 

beginning in FY 2008. In addition to standard 

USPS training, Postal employees are encouraged 

to participate in the various educational and 

training opportunities presented by the Federal 

Energy Management Program (FEMP). Further, 

energy training is integrated into broader training 

provided to employees with operations and 

maintenance (O&M) responsibilities at our 

facilities. For example, Heating, Ventilation, and 

87 
Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems training covers 

energy efficiency aspects of such systems. These 

training programs are conducted at the USPS 

National Training Center in Norman, OK. 

Energy Management Contact 

Ms. Carolyn Cole 

Acting Executive Director, Energy Initiatives 

United States Postal Service 

475 L'Enfant Plaza, SW 

Room 1P906 

Washington, DC 20260-0830 

Phone: 202-268-8989 

Fax: 202-268-6016 

E-Mail: carolyn.c.cole@usps.gov 

88 
89 

APPENDIX A 

ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND COST DETAIL TABLES
TABLE A-1 

TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEDERAL AGENCIES 

(In Billions of Btu, with Conversions to Millions of Barrels of Oil Equivalent [MBOE], and Petajoule

CIVILIAN FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY % C

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 85USPS 51,668.1 59,961.0 72,178.0 89,381.4 86,142.5 85,320.9 104,482.3 107,357.7 117,218.9 113,522.3 101,390.7 

DOE 98,876.9 90,859.5 88,840.8 72,041.6 72,338.7 72,682.0 76,764.8 73,854.2 71,457.5 74,808.5 73,149.2 

VA 43,456.9 44,918.6 47,827.9 50,557.0 52,945.1 53,074.2 56,164.9 55,729.1 56,612.2 55,386.5 56,858.9 GSA 47,235.8 40,780.8 36,626.3 42,409.1 42,969.5 42,297.8 45,093.7 43,057.0 43,535.2 43,254.7 44,495.4 DOJ 11,112.5 11,610.3 17,193.4 30,431.8 30,338.1 28,515.1 40,200.8 29,118.2 31,426.8 38,986.9 35,863.2 NASA 23,771.3 28,741.6 29,434.4 26,087.4 25,210.0 24,726.7 25,276.6 23,302.1 24,063.1 23,729.8 24,364.0 DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,340.6 29,351.8 24,809.3 22,908.1 23,298.0 HHS 10,501.4 13,188.5 12,189.6 15,255.5 16,078.3 15,903.6 19,660.0 17,033.8 18,732.6 16,636.0 18,328.6 DOT 28,959.2 28,666.3 28,971.2 41,018.6 32,503.7 30,707.3 13,522.3 12,897.4 12,200.4 11,272.2 13,574.9 DOI 11,596.7 10,969.3 10,552.2 12,041.4 14,497.5 12,999.8 14,317.8 14,206.3 14,018.0 13,784.4 12,743.3 USDA 12,266.6 14,620.4 14,324.3 12,365.5 12,096.6 11,622.1 14,289.6 12,056.6 12,821.3 11,758.9 11,635.8 TVA 8,856.0 8,214.3 7,913.9 8,325.7 8,392.7 7,945.1 7,517.8 7,332.2 7,317.2 7,543.2 6,927.9 

TRSY 3,878.3 7,015.4 7,783.1 9,651.3 9,550.3 9,910.8 7,878.2 6,193.5 8,201.6 5,725.1 5,883.3 

DOC 4,085.5 6,383.7 5,667.2 4,117.5 5,489.0 4,760.0 4,917.0 4,935.5 5,654.6 5,517.9 5,727.1 

DOL 3,966.3 4,155.2 4,336.2 4,761.1 5,024.8 5,177.0 5,466.3 5,395.0 5,277.2 4,688.0 5,113.4 

ST 717.3 868.5 1,342.3 7,631.9 6,503.0 1,669.3 1,800.0 2,130.9 2,395.6 2,401.7 2,660.0 

EPA 1,776.4 1,643.0 2,264.7 2,057.7 2,407.0 2,204.4 2,575.0 2,577.8 2,582.4 2,536.0 2,453.0 

NARA 0.0 215.9 1,546.3 1,293.8 1,323.6 1,249.0 1,336.4 1,296.0 1,549.0 1,472.7 1,429.1 

HUD 356.2 435.0 347.7 362.0 370.1 365.8 370.8 349.8 340.6 330.2 327.1 RRB 0.0 103.7 99.0 79.1 74.6 75.6 73.1 72.5 72.9 72.9 72.7 

OTHER* 2,250.4 5,271.6 7,003.9 8,081.3 7,955.1 10,064.2 6,092.7 5,379.3 5,503.6 4,727.6 4,436.2 

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 365,331.7 378,622.4 396,442.6 437,950.8 432,210.4 421,270.7 472,140.7 453,627.1 465,789.9 461,063.5 450,731.8 

DOD 1,502,111.8 1,545,014.4 1,197,891.7 1,042,511.1 1,043,757.4 1,097,163.4 1,156,325.9 1,223,168.6 1,186,700.2 1,098,456.5 1,117,715.2 

Total 1,867,443.5 1,923,636.8 1,594,334.3 1,480,462.0 1,475,967.9 1,518,434.1 1,628,466.6 1,676,795.7 1,652,490.1 1,559,520.0 1,568,447.0 

MBOE 320.6 330.2 273.7 254.2 253.4 260.7 279.6 287.9 283.7 267.7 269.2Petajoule 1,970.1 2,029.4 1,682.0 1,561.8 1,557.1 1,601.9 1,718.0 1,769.0 1,743.3 1,645.2 1,654.6

*Other includes, for certain years, CFTC, CIA, EEOC, FEMA, FTC, NSF, NRC, OPM, SSA, BBG/IBB, and FERC. Notes: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 11,850 Btu per kilowatt hour and 1,390 Btu per pound of steam. Agencies are listed in descending order oyear. Ellipses after fiscal year (1985. . .) indicate where intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. FY 2003 was the first year of Homeland Security. Significant declines in energy use were also evident in that year for agencies such as the Departments of Transportation and the Treasury whicnew Department. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

90 
91 

TABLE A-2 

TOTAL SITE-DELIVERED ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEDERAL AGENCIES 

(In Billions of Btu, with Conversions to Millions of Barrels of Oil Equivalent [MBOE], and Petajoule

CIVILIAN FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY % C

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 85USPS 27,762.5 30,616.2 36,220.9 43,284.2 43,397.4 41,617.4 50,893.0 50,457.8 53,513.4 51,762.7 45,848.8 DOE 52,201.6 43,454.6 47,255.4 30,492.9 31,065.5 30,668.3 31,599.2 31,398.5 29,629.0 32,938.9 31,479.0 VA 25,144.7 24,898.4 25,428.9 27,043.9 27,661.9 27,722.6 30,452.0 29,888.5 29,984.7 29,293.6 29,967.0 DOJ 8,176.0 6,961.6 10,193.3 19,693.0 19,681.9 17,692.4 22,686.4 17,544.4 18,752.3 23,506.5 20,696.6 GSA 20,721.1 17,536.0 13,671.8 17,632.3 18,415.8 17,473.9 19,622.4 18,291.6 18,430.3 18,160.1 19,095.2 DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,333.3 23,527.9 18,869.7 17,147.7 17,126.0 NASA 10,855.1 12,399.0 12,394.7 11,120.8 10,934.5 10,677.0 10,798.7 9,858.1 10,283.0 10,187.3 10,570.4 

HHS 5,953.5 7,119.0 6,129.7 7,952.5 8,541.0 7,999.8 10,139.0 8,761.5 9,595.6 9,257.6 9,944.7 

DOI 7,816.3 7,391.9 6,378.4 7,845.9 9,504.5 8,224.9 8,246.4 8,742.6 8,577.5 8,137.4 7,530.1 

USDA 8,358.7 9,573.4 9,045.8 7,446.7 7,373.6 7,170.5 7,721.6 6,978.5 7,456.9 6,798.4 6,765.9 

DOT 19,568.0 18,965.2 18,688.7 21,215.6 17,810.2 18,256.8 5,617.9 5,159.4 4,952.9 4,616.9 5,587.8 

DOC 2,489.1 4,476.3 2,882.8 1,907.1 2,521.9 2,197.3 2,345.1 2,216.8 2,930.7 2,861.6 3,040.8 

DOL 2,385.2 2,376.0 2,385.7 2,480.7 2,671.4 2,775.1 2,964.3 2,896.2 2,682.7 2,451.0 2,656.9 

TVA 2,975.9 2,717.7 2,687.9 3,006.6 3,005.8 2,824.0 2,838.2 2,717.7 2,676.8 2,857.2 2,437.8 

TRSY 2,868.3 3,643.0 4,132.6 5,337.0 5,355.6 5,506.3 4,144.4 2,585.3 4,569.5 2,374.3 2,378.5 

ST 246.9 302.7 437.3 3,379.1 2,700.7 626.6 938.7 1,032.5 1,111.9 1,417.0 1,657.9 

EPA 904.5 747.0 1,120.5 1,038.1 1,228.3 1,094.5 1,443.1 1,421.3 1,416.9 1,390.5 1,340.2 

NARA 0.0 81.9 792.2 544.6 573.9 529.2 578.6 565.5 685.2 637.7 613.0 HUD 116.9 140.3 131.3 144.1 149.0 148.0 152.3 145.0 138.4 133.6 129.6 RRB 0.0 46.5 40.1 36.2 36.0 36.4 36.0 35.4 34.0 34.5 34.6 

OTHER* 1,156.1 2,943.6 3,276.1 3,150.6 3,117.2 4,041.1 2,403.9 2,093.6 2,109.4 1,871.5 1,758.3 

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 199,700.5 196,390.1 203,294.2 214,752.0 215,746.1 207,281.9 233,954.5 226,317.9 228,400.9 227,835.8 220,659.1 

DOD 1,250,613.8 1,241,655.8 926,022.9 779,055.2 787,216.4 837,525.4 902,341.0 960,668.6 933,162.0 843,707.9 864,600.0 Total 1,450,314.3 1,438,045.9 1,129,317.1 993,807.2 1,002,962.5 1,044,807.3 1,136,295.5 1,186,986.5 1,161,563.0 1,071,543.7 1,085,259.1 

MBOE 249.0 246.9 193.9 170.6 172.2 179.4 195.1 203.8 199.4 184.0 186.3Petajoule 1,530.0 1,517.1 1,191.4 1,048.4 1,058.1 1,102.2 1,198.8 1,252.2 1,225.4 1,130.4 1,144.9

*Other includes, for certain years, CFTC, CIA, EEOC, FEMA, FTC, NSF, NRC, OPM, SSA, BBG/IBB, and FERC. Notes: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatt hour and 1,000 Btu per pound of steam. Agencies are listed in descending order of year. Ellipses after fiscal year (1985. . .) indicate where intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. FY 2003 was the first year 

of Homeland Security. Significant declines in energy use were also evident in that year for agencies such as the Departments of Transportation and the Treasury whicnew Department. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 
TABLE A-3 

SITE-DELIVERED ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN FEDERAL GOAL BUILDINGS 

(In Billions of Btu, with Conversions to Millions of Barrels of Oil Equivalent [MBOE], and Petajoule

CIVILIAN FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY % Cha

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 85-0

VA 24,552.0 24,380.1 25,075.4 26,120.6 26,748.3 26,866.2 29,278.0 28,854.2 28,692.6 28,182.8 28,908.2 USPS 16,238.3 18,480.0 21,649.7 25,238.3 24,974.3 23,671.1 31,986.5 32,796.1 35,237.2 33,999.2 27,938.3 DOE 35,595.2 33,118.6 30,679.0 24,013.4 23,446.4 24,263.8 24,115.7 23,614.0 22,635.7 21,525.4 20,472.8 DOJ 6,112.0 4,863.8 7,011.7 10,236.8 10,643.9 10,386.5 16,410.0 12,982.7 14,018.8 17,790.2 17,468.0 

GSA 20,012.4 16,897.3 13,580.5 16,821.8 17,824.4 16,890.2 14,082.9 17,586.9 17,498.8 13,074.5 13,590.7 HHS 5,580.3 7,119.0 6,024.2 7,351.0 7,817.4 7,813.1 9,566.6 8,418.8 9,068.3 8,910.0 9,590.5 

NASA 7,256.4 8,523.9 8,281.8 7,849.2 7,832.2 7,613.6 6,850.5 7,138.0 7,739.5 6,347.7 6,315.3 

DOI 4,762.4 4,039.4 3,596.3 4,006.6 4,692.2 4,916.0 5,095.2 5,965.0 5,234.7 5,034.3 4,517.3 

DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,747.6 4,680.7 4,407.2 4,092.4 4,304.6 

USDA 4,039.1 4,621.1 4,224.1 4,421.0 4,897.5 4,626.9 5,345.0 4,470.4 4,734.9 4,326.9 4,254.2 

DOL 2,153.0 2,137.1 2,028.8 2,111.8 2,312.5 2,411.8 2,566.9 2,499.0 2,261.3 2,077.6 2,244.7 

TRSY 713.4 2,169.8 2,359.2 2,833.7 2,777.8 2,628.0 2,288.2 2,274.7 2,194.6 1,986.9 2,090.6 DOC 1,478.9 1,376.0 2,122.2 1,752.8 1,926.0 1,837.3 1,968.5 2,085.7 2,035.9 1,974.1 2,079.5 

EPA 772.3 747.0 1,020.9 940.3 1,118.3 979.7 1,310.0 1,311.2 1,310.3 1,252.5 1,176.1 

DOT 4,614.5 3,750.4 3,669.1 3,716.4 3,913.8 3,971.4 721.6 713.8 676.8 643.6 701.5 

NARA 0.0 81.9 792.2 544.6 573.9 529.2 508.1 565.5 685.2 637.7 613.0 TVA 526.4 540.1 829.1 702.8 702.6 640.1 641.9 634.7 617.0 593.8 542.5 ST 232.2 267.8 92.9 152.9 123.2 245.5 402.7 323.8 337.5 513.7 396.0 HUD 116.9 140.3 105.9 106.3 115.6 109.9 120.9 112.3 113.7 100.5 102.3 RRB 0.0 46.5 40.1 36.2 36.0 36.4 36.0 35.4 34.0 34.5 34.6 

OTHER* 574.0 2,211.2 2,283.2 3,105.2 3,068.5 3,982.3 1,344.8 1,092.4 1,136.7 1,047.1 1,075.8 

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 135,329.7 135,510.9 135,466.3 142,061.7 145,544.9 144,419.1 159,387.5 158,155.5 160,670.7 154,145.6 148,416.2 DOD 359,933.9 360,310.7 285,129.5 243,246.0 240,178.0 234,774.5 223,730.1 226,850.8 225,632.8 210,558.7 205,120.5 Total 495,263.6 495,821.6 420,595.8 385,307.7 385,722.9 379,193.7 383,117.6 385,006.2 386,303.4 364,704.3 353,536.7 MBOE 85.0 85.1 72.2 66.1 66.2 65.1 65.8 66.1 66.3 62.6 60.7

Petajoules 522.5 523.1 443.7 406.5 406.9 400.0 404.2 406.2 407.5 384.7 373.0

*Other includes for certain years CIA, FEMA, FTC, NSF, NRC, OPM, SSA, BBG/IBB, and FERC. Notes: Ellipses after fiscal year (1985. . .) indicate where intervening years’ data are left off the table, but available upon request from FEMP. FY 2003 was the first yeDepartment of Homeland Security. Significant declines in energy use were also evident in that year for agencies such as the Departments of Transportation and the Tfunctions to the new Department. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

92 
TABLE A-4 

CONSUMPTION AND COSTS OF FEDERAL GOAL BUILDINGS ENERGY BY FUEL TYPE 

IN FY 2007, FY 2006, AND FY 2003 

(Constant 2007 Dollars) 

ENERGY TYPE COST COST/ COST PER

BILLION BTU (MILLION $) MILLION BTU PHYSICAL UNIT

2007

ELECTRICITY 169,284.5 $3,851.311 $22.75 $77.62 /MWH

FUEL OIL 27,487.0 $402.764 $14.65 $2.03 /Gallon

NATURAL GAS 121,459.7 $1,093.338 $9.00 $9.28 /Thou. Cubic. Ft.

LPG/PROPANE 2,571.9 $42.141 $16.39 $1.56 /Gallon

COAL 17,370.7 $60.390 $3.48 $85.45 /Short Ton

PURCHASED STEAM 13,100.1 $305.799 $23.34 $23.34 /MMBtu

OTHER 2,262.9 $35.192 $15.55 $15.55 /MMBtu

TOTAL 353,536.7 $5,790.935

AVERAGE COST PER MMBTU = $16.380

2006

ELECTRICITY 171,867.1 $3,822.76 $22.24 $75.89 /MWH

FUEL OIL 30,356.6 $416.99 $13.74 $1.91 /Gallon

NATURAL GAS 123,781.7 $1,274.75 $10.30 $10.62 /Thou. Cubic. Ft.

LPG/PROPANE 2,561.3 $40.10 $15.66 $1.50 /Gallon

COAL 19,214.2 $62.32 $3.24 $79.72 /Short Ton

PURCHASED STEAM 14,369.9 $295.52 $20.57 $20.57 /MMBtu

OTHER 2,553.6 $37.84 $14.82 $14.82 /MMBtu

TOTAL 364,704.3 $5,950.271

AVERAGE COST PER MMBTU = $16.315

2003

ELECTRICITY 172,955.4 $3,351.68 $19.38 $66.12 /MWH

FUEL OIL 39,911.8 $261.14 $6.54 $0.91 /Gallon

NATURAL GAS 129,152.7 $832.91 $6.45 $6.65 /Thou. Cubic. Ft.

LPG/PROPANE 3,228.5 $36.40 $11.27 $1.08 /Gallon

COAL 17,412.3 $47.44 $2.72 $66.97 /Short Ton

PURCHASED STEAM 17,364.1 $222.06 $12.79 $12.79 /MMBtu

OTHER 3,092.8 $44.10 $14.26 $14.26 /MMBtu

TOTAL 383,117.6 $4,795.725

AVERAGE COST PER MMBTU = $12.518

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

Note: This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatt hour. 

 Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

93 
TABLE A-5 

ENERGY CONSUMPTION, COSTS, AND GROSS SQUARE FOOTAGE OF FEDERAL 

GOAL-EXCLUDED BUILDINGS, FY 2007 

Energy Consumption Energy Costs Facility Gross Square Feet

Agency Billion Btu % of Agency's Total Facility Use ($ Million) % of Agency's Total Facility Costs (Thou. Sq. Ft.) % of Agency's Total Facility Space

DOD 12,941.7 5.9% $260.786 7.6% 61,674.4 3.2%

DOE 9,470.3 31.6% $103.114 27.4% 23,005.6 20.6%

GSA 5,453.0 28.6% $89.212 21.2% 31,058.9 14.6%

DOT 3,530.2 83.4% $107.708 86.5% 20,328.9 73.7%

NASA 2,989.9 32.1% $46.132 29.5% 7,240.2 18.6%

USPS 2,133.6 7.1% $50.026 8.2% 0.0 0.0%

TVA 1,278.2 70.2% $17.022 68.1% 19,099.5 68.3%

USIA 489.5 100.0% $15.376 100.0% 962.5 100.0%

DHS 116.7 2.6% $2.218 2.2% 1,612.5 3.5%

ST 114.5 22.4% $3.596 23.4% 33.6 0.8%

HHS 22.5 0.2% $1.167 0.7% 1,623.8 5.0%

DOC 15.7 0.75% $0.489 1.01% 25.0 0.2%

TRSY 1.8 0.09% $0.051 0.11% 57.0 0.5%

Total 38,557.8 NA $696.895 NA 166,721.9 NA

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

TABLE A-6 

CONSUMPTION AND COSTS OF FEDERAL GOAL-EXCLUDED BUILDINGS 

BY FUEL TYPE FY 2007 

94 

ENERGY TYPE COST COST/ COST PER

BILLION BTU (MILLION $) MILLION BTU PHYSICAL UNIT

ELECTRICITY 23,890.0 $555.504 $23.25 $79.34 /MWH

FUEL OIL 1,215.4 $16.895 $13.90 $1.93 /Gallon

NATURAL GAS 9,346.4 $91.393 $9.78 $10.08 /Thou. Cubic. Ft.

LPG/PROPANE 34.3 $0.533 $15.54 $1.48 /Gallon

COAL 3,072.7 $0.873 $0.28 $6.98 /Short Ton

PURCHASED STEAM 900.2 $30.011 $33.34 $33.34 /MMBtu

OTHER 98.7 $1.686 $17.08 $17.08 /MMBtu

TOTAL 38,557.7 $696.895

AVERAGE COST PER MMBTU = $18.074

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

This table uses a conversion factor for electricity of 3,412 Btu per kilowatt hour. Sum of components may not equal total due to independent 

rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 
TABLE A-7 

FEDERAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIO

(In Billions of Btu, with Conversions to Millions of Barrels of Oil Equivalent [MBOE] and Petajoule

CIVILIAN FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY 

AGENCY 1985. . . 1990. . . 1995. . . 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 USPS 11,524.2 12,136.2 14,571.2 15,976.3 16,192.1 15,831.8 17,173.5 15,821.0 16,215.4 15,391.0 15,77DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,583.9 18,837.1 14,454.8 12,951.9 12,70DOJ 2,064.0 2,097.9 3,181.6 9,456.3 9,037.9 7,305.9 6,276.4 4,561.7 4,733.6 5,716.3 3,22

DOI 3,053.9 3,352.5 2,782.2 3,839.3 4,812.3 3,308.9 3,151.2 2,777.6 3,342.8 3,103.1 3,01

USDA 4,319.6 4,952.3 4,821.7 3,025.7 2,476.2 2,543.5 2,376.6 2,508.0 2,722.0 2,471.4 2,51

DOE 2,882.0 2,520.4 1,841.9 1,803.4 1,714.4 1,587.0 1,417.1 2,736.6 2,015.2 1,389.0 1,53

DOT 11,957.0 12,150.8 12,193.7 11,122.9 8,739.3 10,865.9 1,476.3 1,146.8 1,098.2 1,035.2 1,35

NASA 1,972.7 1,736.7 1,750.9 1,490.1 1,455.1 1,372.2 982.8 1,263.1 1,104.2 974.0 1,26

ST 14.8 34.9 0.0 486.4 37.1 49.4 444.2 451.7 449.0 903.3 1,14

VA 592.8 518.3 353.6 923.4 913.6 856.4 1,174.0 1,034.2 1,292.0 1,110.8 1,05

DOC 1,010.2 3,100.3 760.6 154.3 595.8 360.0 360.0 131.1 894.8 867.1 94TVA 578.5 476.6 541.7 850.1 822.3 747.9 942.3 845.3 794.4 958.7 61

DOL 232.2 239.0 356.9 368.9 358.9 363.3 397.4 397.2 421.3 373.3 41

TRSY 2,155.0 1,473.2 1,773.4 2,503.3 2,577.8 2,878.3 1,856.3 310.5 2,374.8 386.7 28HHS 373.3 0.0 105.5 593.2 715.2 178.5 572.4 335.1 500.5 314.7 33

EPA 132.3 0.0 99.6 97.9 110.0 114.8 133.1 110.1 106.6 138.0 16

GSA 144.1 128.1 91.3 127.0 112.7 74.9 80.3 49.2 71.7 54.6 5HUD 0.0 0.0 25.4 37.8 33.4 38.0 31.4 32.6 24.7 33.0 3

OTHER* 582.1 732.4 992.9 45.3 48.8 58.8 30.7 57.3 62.0 160.0 18

Civilian AgenciesSubtotal 43,588.5 45,649.7 46,244.1 52,901.5 50,753.0 48,535.5 52,459.7 53,406.1 52,678.1 48,332.1 46,62DOD 890,679.9 881,345.1 640,893.4 526,234.1 537,168.4 593,506.3 662,116.2 723,008.8 698,547.6 620,354.4 646,53

Total 934,268.4 926,994.8 687,137.4 579,135.6 587,921.5 642,041.8 714,575.9 776,414.9 751,225.7 668,686.5 693,16

MBOE 160.4 159.1 118.0 99.4 100.9 110.2 122.7 133.3 129.0 114.8 11

Petajoule 985.6 977.9 724.9 611.0 620.2 677.3 753.9 819.1 792.5 705.4 73

 

*Other includes for certain years the CFTC, CIA, FEMA, NSF, NRC, OPM, and BBG/IBB. Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

95 
TABLE A-8 

CONSUMPTION AND COSTS OF VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT ENERGY 

BY FUEL TYPE IN FY 2007 

ENERGY TYPE COST COST/ COST PER

BILLION BTU (MILLION $) MILLION BTU PHYSICAL UNIT

AUTO GASOLINE 45,976.7 909.1 $19.77 $2.47 /Gallon

DIST/DIESEL 84,515.5 1,263.9 $14.95 $2.07 /Gallon

LPG/PROPANE 78.2 1.5 $18.61 $1.78 /Gallon

AVIATION GASOLINE 363.6 $10.715 $29.47 $3.68 /Gallon

JET FUEL 461,141.2 $7,117.560 $15.43 $2.01 /Gallon

NAVY SPECIAL 98,155.3 $1,312.449 $13.37 $1.85 /Gallon

OTHER 2,933.6 $40.615 $13.84 $13.84 /MMBtu

TOTAL 693,164.1 $10,655.766

AVERAGE COST PER MMBTU = $15.373

Data as of 17 Dec 2008 

Note: Sum of components may not equal total due to independent rounding. 

Source: Federal Agency Annual Energy Management Data Reports 

96 
TABLE A-9 

FEDERAL ENERGY EXPENDITURES, FY 1985–FY 2007 

(Constant 2007 Dollars) 

Sector/ Annual Annual Annual Change in Energy Sector/ Annual Annual Annual Change in Energy 

Fiscal 

Year

Energy Use 

(BBtu)

Energy Cost 

($ Million)

Energy Cost 

($/MMBtu)

Costs from 1985 

($ Million)1

Fiscal 

Year

Energy Use 

(BBtu)

Energy Cost 

($ Million)

Energy Cost 

($/MMBtu)

Costs from 1985 

($ Million)1

Goal-Subject Buildings Excluded Facilities

1985 495,263.6 $8,075.866 $16.306 $0.000 1985 20,782.4 $371.700 $17.885 $0.000

1986 464,032.4 $7,312.181 $15.758 -$763.685 1986 17,835.0 $296.293 $16.613 -$75.406

1987 490,272.3 $7,247.271 $14.782 -$828.595 1987 17,145.0 $279.904 $16.326 -$91.796

1988 496,119.2 $7,048.818 $14.208 -$1,027.048 1988 17,295.9 $270.202 $15.622 -$101.497

1989 489,915.9 $6,419.379 $13.103 -$1,656.487 1989 14,766.8 $257.440 $17.434 -$114.259

1990 495,821.6 $7,281.958 $14.687 -$793.908 1990 15,229.5 $297.553 $19.538 -$74.147

1991 473,518.0 $7,127.526 $15.052 -$948.340 1991 17,769.1 $354.827 $19.969 -$16.872

1992 494,091.4 $6,909.262 $13.984 -$1,166.604 1992 17,588.8 $289.648 $16.468 -$82.052

1993 457,456.5 $6,708.230 $14.664 -$1,367.636 1993 16,706.3 $273.035 $16.343 -$98.664

1994 439,868.6 $6,316.866 $14.361 -$1,759.001 1994 15,561.6 $276.226 $17.750 -$95.474

1995 420,595.8 $5,855.111 $13.921 -$2,220.755 1995 21,583.8 $246.947 $11.441 -$124.753

1996 412,191.8 $5,679.254 $13.778 -$2,396.612 1996 21,160.6 $254.146 $12.010 -$117.554

1997 401,729.1 $5,327.789 $13.262 -$2,748.077 1997 24,864.5 $357.082 $14.361 -$14.617

1998 394,158.8 $4,983.334 $12.643 -$3,092.532 1998 16,385.6 $303.911 $18.547 -$67.789

1999 383,326.8 $4,650.148 $12.131 -$3,425.718 1999 20,780.4 $291.819 $14.043 -$79.881

2000 385,307.7 $4,574.488 $11.872 -$3,501.379 2000 29,363.9 $454.648 $15.483 $82.948

2001 385,722.9 $5,301.835 $13.745 -$2,774.031 2001 29,318.2 $532.211 $18.153 $160.511

2002 379,193.7 $4,919.254 $12.973 -$3,156.612 2002 23,571.9 $467.894 $19.850 $96.194

2003 383,117.6 $4,795.725 $12.518 -$3,280.141 2003 38,602.0 $650.483 $16.851 $278.783

2004 385,006.2 $5,097.533 $13.240 -$2,978.333 2004 25,565.4 $435.862 $17.049 $64.163

2005 386,303.4 $5,407.002 $13.997 -$2,668.864 2005 24,033.9 $444.052 $18.476 $72.352

2006 364,704.3 $5,950.271 $16.315 -$2,125.595 2006 38,152.9 $682.359 $17.885 $310.659

2007 353,536.7 $5,790.935 $16.380 -$2,284.931 2007 38,557.8 $696.895 $18.074 $325.196

Vehicles & Equipment Total Energy - All Sectors

1985 934,268.4 $11,593.671 $12.409 $0.000 1985 1,450,314.4 $20,041.237 $13.819 $0.000

1986 924,833.7 $6,931.919 $7.495 -$4,661.752 1986 1,406,701.1 $14,540.393 $10.337 -$5,500.844

1987 958,904.3 $7,319.054 $7.633 -$4,274.618 1987 1,466,321.6 $14,846.229 $10.125 -$5,195.009

1988 846,896.2 $6,892.624 $8.139 -$4,701.047 1988 1,360,311.3 $14,211.645 $10.447 -$5,829.592

1989 959,994.6 $7,762.401 $8.086 -$3,831.270 1989 1,464,677.3 $14,439.220 $9.858 -$5,602.017

1990 926,994.8 $8,567.203 $9.242 -$3,026.468 1990 1,438,045.9 $16,146.714 $11.228 -$3,894.523

1991 970,454.3 $10,983.713 $11.318 -$609.958 1991 1,461,741.4 $18,466.067 $12.633 -$1,575.170

1992 783,122.4 $6,481.404 $8.276 -$5,112.267 1992 1,294,802.6 $13,680.314 $10.566 -$6,360.923

1993 772,633.8 $6,804.117 $8.806 -$4,789.554 1993 1,246,796.6 $13,785.382 $11.057 -$6,255.855

1994 722,790.5 $4,802.659 $6.645 -$6,791.012 1994 1,178,220.7 $11,395.750 $9.672 -$8,645.487

1995 687,137.4 $4,938.026 $7.186 -$6,655.645 1995 1,129,317.0 $11,040.084 $9.776 -$9,001.154

1996 675,111.5 $4,761.667 $7.053 -$6,832.004 1996 1,108,463.9 $10,695.067 $9.649 -$9,346.170

1997 665,386.0 $5,353.586 $8.046 -$6,240.085 1997 1,091,979.6 $11,038.457 $10.109 -$9,002.780

1998 627,339.2 $5,537.844 $8.828 -$6,055.827 1998 1,037,883.6 $10,825.089 $10.430 -$9,216.148

1999 607,527.2 $4,770.269 $7.852 -$6,823.403 1999 1,011,634.4 $9,712.236 $9.601 -$10,329.001

2000 579,135.6 $3,782.379 $6.531 -$7,811.292 2000 993,807.2 $8,811.515 $8.866 -$11,229.722

2001 587,921.5 $5,434.854 $9.244 -$6,158.817 2001 1,002,962.6 $11,268.899 $11.236 -$8,772.338

2002 642,041.8 $5,782.474 $9.006 -$5,811.197 2002 1,044,807.4 $11,169.623 $10.691 -$8,871.615

2003 714,575.9 $5,472.245 $7.658 -$6,121.426 2003 1,136,295.5 $10,918.452 $9.609 -$9,122.785

2004 776,414.9 $6,680.401 $8.604 -$4,913.270 2004 1,186,986.5 $12,213.796 $10.290 -$7,827.441

2005 751,225.7 $9,332.608 $12.423 -$2,261.063 2005 1,161,563.0 $15,183.661 $13.072 -$4,857.576

2006 668,686.5 $11,469.598 $17.152 -$124.073 2006 1,071,543.7 $18,102.227 $16.894 -$1,939.010

2007 693,164.6 $10,655.767 $15.373 -$937.904 2007 1,085,259.1 $17,143.597 $15.797 -$2,897.640

1Changes in energy costs from 1985 should not be construed as savings resulting from Federal energy management activities. Many

variables contribute to fluctuations in annual energy costs, including changes in square footage, building stock, weather, energy efficiency 

investments, service level, fuel mix, fuel prices, and vehicle, naval, and aircraft fleet composition. This table incorporates revisions to 

previously published energy consumption and cost data submitted to DOE by Federal agencies. 

97 
98 

APPENDIX B 

DATA COLLECTION AND CARBON CALCULATIONS
99 

APPENDIX B 

DATA COLLECTION 

Buildings and Facilities 

The Federal agencies that own or control buildings are required to report the energy consumption 

in these buildings to FEMP by January 1 after the end of each fiscal year. The General Services 

Administration (GSA) reports the energy of buildings it owns and operates, including usage by 

other Federal agency occupants. For agencies which have been delegated authority by GSA to 

enter into contracts for energy and utility services, the individual agencies are responsible for 

reporting the energy consumption and square footage figures. 

The data shown in this report do not include leased space in buildings where the energy costs are 

a part of the rent and the Federal agency involved has no control over the building’s energy 

management. 

The Federal agencies submit their annual reports expressed in the following units: 

megawatthours of electricity; thousands of gallons of fuel oil; thousands of cubic feet of natural 

gas; thousands of gallons of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and propane; short tons of coal; 

billions of Btu of purchased steam; and billions of Btu of “other.” DOE reviews this data for 

accuracy and confers with the submitting agency to clarify any apparent anomalies. The data are 

then entered into a computer database management program. 

The tables shown in this annual report are expressed in billions of Btu derived from the 

following conversion factors: 

 Electricity - 3,412 Btu/kilowatt hour 

 Fuel Oil - 138,700 Btu/gallon 

 Natural Gas - 1,031 Btu/cubic foot 

 LPG/Propane - 95,500 Btu/gallon 

 Coal - 24,580,000 Btu/short ton 

 Purchased Steam - 1,000 Btu/pound 

The above conversion factors for electricity and purchased steam refer to site-delivered energy 

(or heat content) and do not account for energy consumed in the production and delivery of 

energy products. Tables 7, 8, and A-1 of this report account for primary energy use, which is the 

sum of the energy directly consumed by end users (site energy) and the source energy consumed 

in the production and delivery of energy products. Using 2002 data from EIA, a blended heat 

rate of 10,191 Btu/kWh was calculated for fossil and nuclear steam-electric plants. In addition to 

conversion losses, transmission and distribution losses (9 percent) and power plant use (5 

percent) are also factored into the delivered heat content, resulting in a total source energy input 

for electricity of 11,850 Btu/kWh. DOE uses this conversion factor to calculate primary energy 

use for electricity and 1,390 Btu per pound for purchased steam. 

In addition, the Federal agencies annually report to FEMP the gross square footage of their 

buildings and the cost of their buildings’ energy. 
100 

Vehicles and Equipment 

Federal agencies are required to report the energy consumption of their fleet vehicles through 

DOE’s Federal Automotive Statistical Tool (FAST) no later than November 1 after the end of 

each fiscal year. Energy consumption in other types of equipment not reported through FAST is 

required to be reported to FEMP by January 1 after the end of each fiscal year. 

The fuels used in vehicles and equipment are automotive gasoline, diesel and petroleum distillate 

fuels, aviation gasoline, jet fuel, navy special, liquefied petroleum gas/propane, and “other.” All 

the fuels in this category with the exception of “other” are reported in thousands of gallons. 

“Other” is reported in billions of Btu. 

The conversion factors for these fuels are: 

 Gasoline - 125,000 Btu/gallon 

 Diesel-Distillate - 138,700 Btu/gallon 

 Aviation Gasoline - 125,000 Btu/gallon 

 Jet Fuel - 130,000 Btu/gallon 

 Navy Special - 138,700 Btu/gallon 

 LPG/Propane - 95,500 Btu/gallon 

This report excludes those agencies that have been unable to provide complete fiscal year 

consumption data prior to the publication date. All agency omissions, as well as any anomalies 

in the data, are indicated by footnotes on the tables or in the text of the report 
101 

 

ESTIMATING THE CARBON DIOXIDE-EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS OF CARBON 

DIOXIDE, METHANE, AND NITROUS OXIDE FROM FEDERAL FACILITY 

ENERGY USE 

Executive Order 13423, “Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation 

Management,” defines greenhouse gases as “carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, 

hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.” While the Order does not 

contain a quantitative goal for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the Department of Energy’s 

Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) will continue to estimate emissions from energy 

use in Federal buildings subject to the goals of E.O. 13423. 

Formerly, FEMP only reported on the carbon-equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide attributed 

to facility energy use. In light of E.O. 13423’s new definition, this new methodology was 

developed for generating estimates of non-carbon dioxide emissions using the energy 

consumption data that is reported to FEMP. Existing means were identified and adopted that 

allow the use of currently-reported data to generate, in terms of carbon dioxide-equivalence, 

emissions estimates for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O).8

 In 

another change from previous reporting, these estimates will now be reported in units of metric 

tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2E) rather than metric tons of carbon equivalent 

(MTCOE) 

Emission Factors 

To calculate the carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions of gases, fuel-to-gas specific emission 

factors from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) are used for all fuels except electricity 

and purchased steam.9 These fuel-to-gas specific emission factors are couched in terms of: 

• Million metric tons of carbon per quadrillion Btu (for CO2) 

• Grams per gigajoule (for CH4) 

• Kilograms per terajoule (for N2O) 

The Energy Information Administration provides five emission factors for coal; these emission 

factors differ depending upon the industrial sector in which the coal is consumed. The 

‘Commercial’ emission factor for coal is used in this methodology.10

8

 An examination of GHG sources was conducted to identify those sources whose emissions can be directly tied to 

primary energy or electricity consumption. This examination indicated that there is no rigorous means to estimate 

hydrofluorocarbon, perfluorocarbon, or sulfur hexafluoride emissions based solely upon the data reported by 

agencies; these emissions are not related in any meaningful way to primary energy or electricity consumption. Thus, 

calculations are made only for CO2, CH4, and N2O. 9

 Energy Information Administration. Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 

2004. December 2006. DOE/EIA-0638 (2004). Table 2-13 (CH4), Table 3-6 (N2O), Table 6-1 (CO2/C) 

Available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2004).pdf. 10 Energy Information Administration. Form EIA-6A (March 2005), Coal Distribution Report – Annual. 

“Residential/Commercial (RC): Housing units; wholesale or retail businesses (except coal wholesale dealers); health 

institutions (hospitals); social and educational institutions (schools and universities); and Federal, State, and local 

governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings, etc.). Exclude shipments to Federal power projects, 

such as TVA; and rural electrification cooperatives, power districts, and State power projects. These are to be 

included in Electric Generation (EG).” Available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/coal/page/surveys/formeia6.pdf. 
102 

Global Warming Potentials 

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has developed a methodology that 

allows for emissions of all greenhouse gases to be expressed in units of carbon dioxideequivalence. This methodology is based upon the Global Warming Potential of a particular gas. 

According to the Environmental Protection Agency: 

“The concept of a Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to compare 

the ability of each greenhouse gas to trap heat in the atmosphere relative to 

another gas. The definition of a GWP for a particular greenhouse gas is the ratio 

of heat trapped by one unit mass of the greenhouse gas to that of one unit mass of 

CO2 over a specified time period.”11

The carbon dioxide-equivalent calculations utilize IPCC-generated global warming potentials as 

follows: 

• Carbon dioxide has a GWP of 1. 

• Methane (CH4) has a GWP of 21. 

• Nitrous oxide (N2O) has a GWP of 310.12 

Calculating Fuel Specific CO2-Equivalent Emission Coefficients 

The calculation of fuel specific carbon dioxide-equivalent emission coefficient can be 

generically expressed as follows: 

CO2-equivalent emission = EIA emission factor x (unit conversions) x GWP 

Fuel-specific calculations of carbon dioxide-equivalent emission coefficients are shown below. 

Calculations for Fuel Oil, Natural Gas, LPG/Propane, and Coal Emission Coefficients 

The emission coefficients for fuel oil, natural gas, LPG/propane, and coal presented in the table 

are calculated from emissions coefficients found in the Energy Information Administration’s 

Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2004.

13 The 

calculations are as follows; original EIA coefficient units in the equations are shown in bold. 

CO2 estimates (in terms of metric tons of CO2-equivalent per billion Btu) are calculated as 

follows from data found in Table 6-1 of EIA’s Documentation. The EIA reports CO2 emissions 

in terms of million metric tons of carbon per quadrillion Btu; thus, to convert to metric tons of 

CO2-equivalent per billion Btu, it is necessary to divide by 12/44 to account for the full 

molecular weight of carbon dioxide (12/44 is the ratio of the atomic mass of a carbon atom to the 

atomic mass of a carbon dioxide molecule). 

 

11 Environmental Protection Agency. “High GWP Gases and Climate Change” webpage. Available at 

http://www.epa.gov/highgwp/scientific.html#sf6 12 Environmental Protection Agency. Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2005. Draft 

for Public Review. Table ES-1. 

Available at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport07.html 13 Energy Information Administration. Documentation for Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 

2004. December 2006. DOE/EIA-0638 (2004). Available at 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/documentation/pdf/0638(2004).pdf 
( )

44

12

/1

_000,000,1 _000001. _

_1

= × × ⎟ ×

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

million MTC

MTCE

BBtu

Quad

BBtu

MTCE

Quad

million_MT C

CH4 estimates (in terms of metric tons of carbon equivalent per billion Btu) are calculated as 

follows from data found in Table 2-13 of EIA’s Documentation: 

( ) 21

000,000,1

_1

_1

_000,000,000,1

_120,817,947

_1000 _1

= × × × × ⎟ ×

⎠

⎞ ⎜

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⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

g

MT

BBtu

Btu

Btu

TJ

TJ

GJ

BBtu

MTCE

GJ

CH4 g

N2O estimates (in terms of metric tons of carbon equivalent per billion Btu) are calculated as 

follows from data found in Table 3-6 of EIA’s Documentation: 

( ) 310

_1

000,000,000,1

_000,1

_1

_120,817,947

_1

= × × × ⎟ ×

⎠

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⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

BBtu

Btu

kg

MT

Btu

TJ

BBtu

MTCE

TJ

N2O kg

Calculations for Electricity and Purchased Steam Emission Coefficients 

The Energy Information Administration does not publish, in its Documentation, CO2 emissions 

coefficients for electricity or purchased steam. 

The CO2 emission coefficient for electricity is calculated by dividing CO2 emissions from 

electric power plants by the amount of electricity they sell. This accounts for the primary energy 

inputs for electricity delivered to the customer site. CO2 emissions and electricity sales data are 

obtained from the Energy Information Administration’s Electric Power Annual.

14 

⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ = × × ×

BBtu

Btu

Btu

kWh

kWh

MWh

BBtu

MTCE

_1

000,000,000,1

_412,3

_1

_1000

_1

MWh

CO2 MT

CH4 emission coefficient for electricity is calculated from EIA data as follows:15 

( ) 21

_6.2204

_1

_1

000,000,000,1

_412,3

_1

_1000

_1 = × × × × ⎟ ×

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

lbs

MT

BBtu

Btu

Btu

kWh

kWh

MWh

BBtu

MTCE

MWh

CH4 lbs

N2O emission coefficient for electricity is calculated from EIA data as follows:16 

 

14 For CO2 emissions, see the EIA’s “Emissions from Energy Consumption for Electricity Production and Useful 

Thermal Output at Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants” webpage (available at 

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat5p1.html). 

For electricity sales data, see “Direct Use and Retail Sales of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by Sector, by 

Provider” webpage (available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epat7p2.html). 

3,412 Btu/kWh is an EIA standard, as per www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/txt/stb1306.xls) 15 Energy Information Administration. Updated State-level Greenhouse Gas Emission Coefficients for Electricity 

Generation, 1998-2000. Available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/environment/e-supdoc-u.pdf 

103 

16 Energy Information Administration. Updated State-level Greenhouse Gas Emission Coefficients for Electricity 

Generation, 1998-2000. Available at http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/environment/e-supdoc-u.pdf 
( ) 310

_6.2204

_1

_1

000,000,000,1

_412,3

_1

_1000

_1 = × × × × ⎟ ×

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛ ⎟

⎠

⎞ ⎜

⎝

⎛

lbs

MT

BBtu

Btu

Btu

kWh

kWh

MWh

BBtu

MTCE

MWh

N2O lbs

The electricity emission coefficients are national averages, since agencies do not report their 

consumption broken out by state. This approach therefore assumes that the Government’s 

electricity consumption is distributed according to national electricity use overall. 

Because of mismatches in when generation and emissions data are available from EIA and when 

FEMP reports are produced, year-old emissions data are used (2006 emissions are calculated 

using 2005 coefficients). This is unlikely to generate large discrepancies in the emission 

estimates for agencies. Since 2000, calculated electricity coefficients have varied less than 1 

percent year to year.

This methodology assumes that purchased steam is generated from the consumption of coal, and 

using FEMP’s historical conversion factor, that the production-to-delivery chain is 72 percent 

efficient (that is, in order to deliver 1,000 Btu per pound of steam to an end-user, 1,390 Btu of 

heat input is necessary at the plant). Thus, to arrive at the emission coefficient for purchased 

steam, the EIA emission coefficients for CO2, CH4, and N2O for coal are multiplied by 1.39. 

Carbon Dioxide-Equivalent Emission Coefficients 

The results of the above calculations are presented in the following table in terms of metric tons 

of CO2-equivalent per billion Btu of site-delivered energy use. 

Energy Type 

Carbon Dioxide 

(MTCO2E/ 

Site-Delivered 

Billion Btu) 

Methane 

(MTCO2E/ 

Site-Delivered 

Billion Btu) 

Nitrous Oxide 

(MTCO2E/ 

Site-Delivered 

Billion Btu) 

Total GHG 

(MTCO2E/ 

Site-Delivered 

Billion Btu) 

Electricity, 2003 193.3342 0.0310 0.7913 194.1654 

Electricity, 2004 193.7825 0.0310 0.7913 194.6048 

Electricity, 2005 193.3088 0.0310 0.7913 193.1310 

Electricity, 2006 188.8801 0.0310 0.7913 189.7023 

Electricity, 2007 188.8801 0.0310 0.7913 189.7023 

Fuel Oil 73.1500 0.0048 0.1962 73.3510 

Natural Gas 53.0567 0.0598 0.0327 53.1492 

LPG/Propane 62.2967 0.0054 0.0327 62.3348 

Coal 95.4800 0.0007 0.4579 95.9386 

Purchased Steam 132.7172 0.0009 0.6365 133.3546 

104 
105 

Calculating Agency-Level Emissions 

To calculate agency-level CO2-equivalent emissions of a particular GHG as a result of 

consumption of a particular fuel, the fuel-specific emission coefficient shown in the table above 

is multiplied by the agency’s consumption of that fuel in terms of billions of British thermal units 

(BBtu) delivered to the site. For example: 

CO2E Emissionsagency, CH4 = Site-delivered Energy consumptionagency, fuel x CO2E Emission

coefficientCH4, fuel

Two notes on the calculation of agency-level emissions. 

1. Purchases of green power, renewable energy certificates, and renewable thermal energy 

are netted out of agency totals before calculating emissions. 

2. Agencies have the option of estimating GHG emissions from their energy use 

independently based on disaggregated or more detailed data provided that: 

a. Estimates are provided to FEMP for inclusion in Federal Government totals, and 

b. Agencies provide a detailed description of their estimation methodology. 
106 

APPENDIX C 

ACRONYMS

Agency Acronyms

 Broadcasting Board of Governors/ 

 International Broadcasting Bureau BBG/IBB 

 Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC 

 Central Intelligence Agency CIA 

 Department of Agriculture USDA 

 Department of Commerce DOC 

 Department of Defense DOD 

 Department of Energy DOE 

 Department of Health and Human Services HHS 

 Department of Homeland Security DHS 

 Department of Housing and Urban Development HUD 

 Department of the Interior DOI 

 Department of Justice DOJ 

 Department of Labor DOL 

 Department of State ST 

 Department of Transportation DOT 

 Department of the Treasury TRSY 

 Department of Veterans Affairs VA 

 Environmental Protection Agency EPA 

 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission EEOC 

 Federal Communications Commission FCC 

 Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA 

 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FERC 

 Federal Trade Commission FTC 

 General Services Administration GSA 

 International Broadcasting Bureau IBB 

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA 

 National Archives and Records Administration NARA 

 National Science Foundation NSF 

 Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC 

 Office of Personnel Management OPM 

 Panama Canal Commission PCC 

 Railroad Retirement Board RRB 

 Social Security Administration SSA 

 Tennessee Valley Authority TVA 

 United States Postal Service USPS 
107 

Other Acronyms

 Assessment of Load and Energy Reduction Techniques ALERT 

 Building Life-Cycle Cost BLCC 

 British Thermal Unit(s) Btu 

 Energy Citations Database ECD 

 Energy Information Administration EIA 

 Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy EERE 

 Energy Management Control Systems EMCS 

 Energy Policy Act of 1992 EPACT 1992 

 Energy Policy Act of 2005 EPACT 2005 

 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse EREC 

 Energy Service Company ESCO 

 Energy Savings Performance Contract ESPC 

 Facility Energy Decision System FEDS 

 Federal Automotive Statistical Tool FAST 

 Federal Energy Management Program FEMP 

 Fiscal Year FY 

 Gross Square Foot GSF 

 Industrial Assessment Center IAC 

 Indefinite-Delivery, Indefinite Quantity Contract IDIQ 

 Life-Cycle Cost LCC 

 Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPG 

 Megawatthours MWH 

 Military Construction MILCON 

 Million Barrels of Oil Equivalent MBOE 

 Million British Thermal Units MMBtu 

 National Energy Conservation Policy Act NECPA 

 National Energy Information Center NEIC 

 National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST 

 Office of Industrial Technologies OIT 

 Office of Scientific and Technical Information OSTI 

 Quadrillion British Thermal Units Quad 

 Research and Development R&D 

 State Energy Program SEP 

 Utility Energy Service Contract UESC