IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 17-0454

Filed May 17, 2017

IN THE INTEREST OF A.R., K.R., and P.R.,

Minor Children,

J.R., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Tama County, Casey D. Jones, 

District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his three children. 

AFFIRMED.

Melissa A. Nine of Nine Law Office, Marshalltown, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Laura A. Eilers of Peglow, O’Hare & See, Marshalltown, guardian ad litem 

for minor children.

Considered by Vogel, P.J., and Doyle and McDonald, JJ.
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VOGEL, Presiding Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his three children, 

K.R., born in 2003; A.R., born in 2006; and P.R., born in 2008. He asserts the 

State did not prove by clear and convincing evidence the grounds to support the 

termination of his rights and, additionally, the strength of the parent-child bond 

and the children’s preference should have persuaded the court that termination 

was not in the children’s best interest. Because we conclude the evidence 

supports termination and nothing militates against termination, we affirm the 

order of the district court.1

I. Background Facts and Proceedings.

Most recently the children in this proceeding came to the attention of the 

department of human services (DHS) in the spring of 2015 upon allegations of 

abuse and denial of critical care perpetrated by the father in the summer and 

early fall of 2014. The family has a lengthy history with the DHS spanning over 

ten years, beginning when the oldest, K.R., was just an infant in 2004, and each 

interaction has consistently involved substance abuse, mental health concerns, 

and domestic violence perpetrated by the father. The child-in-need-of-assistance 

(CINA) adjudication prior to the current matter closed in April 2014 with the 

children placed in the father’s care and living with the father’s parents. However, 

shortly after the CINA matter closed, the father was kicked out of his parents’

house for stealing. The father, who was on probation, tested positive for 

methamphetamine in September and returned to prison in October. After the 

 

1 The mother’s rights to the three children were also terminated, but she does not 

appeal. 
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father went to prison, the children stayed with several different caregivers, 

eventually ending up with their maternal grandparents. In March 2015, while 

living with their maternal grandparents, the children reported to the DHS that they 

had observed their father abuse substances, they recounted that their father 

made them participate in criminal activity including theft, and they described the 

physical abuse they suffered from their father including being spanked with the 

metal part of a belt. A CINA petition was filed in April, and the matter proceeded 

to an adjudicatory hearing in July 2015. The court adjudicated the children CINA 

pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.2(6)(b), (c)(2), and (n) (2015). The court did 

not immediately order removal of the children in light of their voluntary placement 

with their maternal grandparents, but in January 2016, the court ordered the

children to be removed from the grandparents’ home and placed in family foster 

care. The children were placed in the same foster family that they had been in 

during prior CINA proceedings. 

After the father was released from prison in the spring of 2016, he made 

great strides to meet the goals established to be reunited with his children. By 

late summer/early fall of 2016, he had progressed to semi-supervised and 

unsupervised evening visitation during the week and visitation on the weekend 

as well. However, in September 2016, he incurred new criminal charges related 

to an assault on another person with a baseball bat while he was heavily 

intoxicated, and the foster parents reported the children had increased behavioral 

issues when visitation with the father was increased. The father missed drug 

screens starting in October 2016, and then in December, the drug screens 

provided indicated he was abusing opiates. Also in December, the father’s 
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girlfriend reported he became combative and threatening while intoxicated, while 

the children were present in the home. The father was in a car accident on an 

icy road while A.R. was a passenger. A.R. reported striking her head on the 

windshield but not reporting the injury to her father due to concerns about his 

temper. The father’s girlfriend believed he was either still under the influence of 

some substance or “coming down” off the substance at the time of the accident, 

and the responding police officer noted the father was displaying odd behavior. 

The girlfriend also reported the father would crush his pain medication and snort 

it, and would consume alcohol. His visitations were again moved to supervised. 

The State filed a petition to terminate the father’s rights in October 2016, 

and the matter proceeded to a two-day hearing on February 1 and 22, 2017. 

After the father’s former girlfriend testified on the first day of the hearing, charges 

were filed against the father for criminal mischief in the third degree and 

tampering with a witness—the former girlfriend—after it was alleged he shot out 

the windows of her car with a BB gun. After hearing the evidence, the district 

court terminated the father’s parental rights under Iowa Code section 

232.116(1)(d), (f), and (i) (2016). The father appeals.

II. Scope and Standard of Review.

Our review of the termination of parental rights proceeding is de novo. In 

re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). In reviewing the district court’s 

ruling, we give weight to its factual findings, especially those findings involving 

witness credibility, but we are not necessarily bound by them. Id. Our primary 

consideration is the best interests of the children. In re J.E., 723 N.W.2d 793, 

798 (Iowa 2006). 
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III. Statutory Grounds for Termination.

When the district court terminates a parent’s rights on more than one 

statutory ground, we only need to find the evidence supports termination on one 

of the statutory grounds to affirm. In re S.R., 600 N.W.2d 63, 64 (Iowa Ct. App. 

1999). Under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f), the district court may terminate 

the parental rights of a parent if all the following has occurred: 

(1) The child is four years of age or older.

(2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of 

assistance pursuant to section 232.96.

(3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of 

the child’s parents for at least twelve of the last eighteen months, or 

for the last twelve consecutive months and any trial period at home 

has been less than thirty days.

(4) There is clear and convincing evidence that at the 

present time the child cannot be returned to the custody of the 

child’s parents as provided in section 232.102.

The father does not dispute the first three elements, but he asserts the State 

failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the children could not be 

safely returned to his care. He points to the progress he made over the course of 

the case and asserts the court should not have relied on unverified reports from

his former girlfriend, other hearsay, and suspicions raised by the DHS and the 

foster parents. 

Upon our review of the record, we agree with the district court’s 

assessment that while the father was making progress toward reunification for a 

few months, his behavior starting in the fall of 2016 demonstrated the recurrence

of a cycle of substance abuse, assaultive behavior, and criminal charges that has 

been repeated over the past ten years. After progressing to unsupervised 

visitation, the father incurred new criminal charges in September 2016, which 
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were pending at the time of the termination hearing and remain pending at the 

time of this appeal, that have the potential of returning the father to prison for a 

substantial period of time. The father failed to appear for multiple drug screens 

and when he did appear, the screens showed opiate abuse. In addition, there 

were multiple reports from various law enforcement agencies and individuals that 

the father was abusing alcohol while caring for the children. We agree with the 

district court that there is clear and convincing evidence that the children could 

not be returned to the father’s care at the time of the termination hearing. 

IV. Best Interest and Impediments to Termination. 

Next, the father asserts that termination of his rights was not in the best 

interests of the children because of the closeness of his bond with the children 

and the stated preference of the children to remain in his care. See Iowa Code 

§ 232.116(2), (3)(b), (3)(c). The district court noted: 

The court is keenly aware that the children love their father and 

state that they want to live with him. The court is further aware that 

the children have a strong bond with their father. That love and that 

bond are the only things which make the decision to terminate 

difficult for the court. The court believes the children will have a 

great sense of loss if [the father’s] rights are terminated. However, 

the court agrees with the guardian ad litem that the bond between 

[the father] and his children is not a healthy bond at present. He 

has cared for the children while under the influence of substances 

and alcohol, he has used controlled substances in the presence of 

the children, he has incorporated the children into his criminal 

activity, he has domestically abused women, and he has 

accumulated a staggering criminal record. Even if he had not 

begun abusing his prescription medication and engaging in abusive 

and threatening actions towards [his former girlfriend], there would 

still be a great deal of uncertainty in returning the children to [the 

father] based on his pending criminal matters. It is very 

conceivable that [the father] could once again be sent to prison 

when those matters are finally resolved. . . . 

In the best interests analysis, the court takes full account of 

the children’s desire to be returned to their father. At their ages, the 
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children will always remember their parents and will likely not 

understand the court’s ruling. Despite all they have been through 

and exposed to at the hands of their parents, termination of 

parental rights will undoubtedly be painful for them for a long time. 

Nonetheless, the court finds that the best interests of these children 

is for a stable, safe, loving home that can permanently be there for 

them into adulthood. Neither parent can provide such a home now 

or in the foreseeable future.

We agree with the district court’s analysis that considering the time these 

children have spent in the juvenile court system—more than ten years—stability 

and permanency are in their best interests. Those are needs the father cannot 

provide now or in the foreseeable future. See In re C.K., 558 N.W.2d 170, 172 

(Iowa 1997) (stating when considering what the future holds if a child is returned 

to the parent, we must look to the parent’s past behavior because it may be 

indicative of “the quality of care the parent is capable of providing in the future”). 

The closeness of the parental bond or the stated preference of the children is not 

sufficient to militate against termination in this case. We “cannot deprive a child 

of permanency after the State has proved a ground for termination under section 

232.116(1) by hoping someday a parent will learn to be a parent and be able to 

provide a stable home for the child.” In re P.L., 778 N.W.2d 33, 41 (Iowa 2010). 

We affirm the decision of the district court terminating the father’s parental rights. 

AFFIRMED.