OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460



### PC Code: 125620
DP Barcode : 425625 Date: September 17, 2015 MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Problem Formulation for the Ecological Risk and Drinking Water Exposure Assessments to be Conducted in Support of the Registration Review for Triticonazole; DP Barcode D425625.

FROM: Nicholas Mastrota, Ph.D., Wildlife Biologist

Melanie Biscoe, M.E.M, Physical Scientist
Environmental Risk Branch 3 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

REVIEWED Rosanna Louie-Juzwiak, Risk Assessment Process Leader
BY: James Hetrick, Ph.D., Senior Advisor
Environmental Risk Branch 3 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

THROUGH: Dana Spatz, Branch Chief
Environmental Risk Branch 3 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

TO: Kelly Sherman, Branch Chief Miguel Zavala, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch 3 Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division (7508P)



## 1. Executive summary

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed the problem formulation for the ecological risk and drinking water assessments to be conducted as part of the registration review of the fungicide triticonazole (PC code 125620). The problem formulation describes the methods planned to be used during the completion of drinking water and ecological risk assessments in support of registration review, and provides an overview of the environmental fate, ecological effects, and potential risks associated with the use of triticonazole. Uncertainties unique to the risk assessment of triticonazole are also discussed. 

# JAMES
HETRICK Digitally signed by JAMES
HETRICK DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=USEPA, ou=Staff, cn=JAMES HETRICK, dnQualifier=0000005599

Date: 2015.09.17 11:29:21
-04'00'



### 1

### 2 The following fate data are recommended to support the fate dataset for triticonazole :

• Guideline 850.6100, Analytical Method in Water : the Environmental Chemistry Met hod (ECM) and Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV) studies for triticonazole and its transformation products

• Guideline 850.6100, Analytical Method in Soil: the ILV study for triticonazole and its transformation products

The following new ecological effe cts studies are recommended for reducing uncertainty in the ecological risk assessment for triticonazole:

• Guideline 850.2300, Avian Reproduction Test with the northern bobwhite (TGAI)

• Guideline 850.1035, Mysid Acute Toxicity Test (TGAI)

• A honey bee acute oral study with adult bees (OECD 213) (TGAI)

• A honey bee acute oral toxicity study with bee larvae (OECD 237) (TGAI)

• A honey bee chronic oral toxicity study with adult bees (TGAI)

• 

### A honey bee chronic oral toxicity study with bee larvae (TGAI)

In addition, the following higher

- tier honey bee studies may be required, depending on the
results that are obtained in the tier I studies:

• 

### Residues in Pollen and Nectar/Field Residue Analysis (non

- guideline study, tier II ) (TEP)

• 

### Semi

- field testing (tunnel or colony feeding study , Tier II ) (TEP)

• 

### Field testing for pollinators (OCSPP guideline 850.3040 , tier III ) (TEP )

.



## Introduction

EFE D evaluated the most recent ecological risk assessments for triticonazole in association with
the current toxicity, exposure, and usag e information to determine if sufficient data are available and if further updates are needed to support registration review. Recent risk assessments include
a 201 3 ecological risk assessment for the use of triticonazole on the expansion of ornamental pla nt uses ( D402686 ) and a 2013 drinking water assessment updating drinking water exposure estimates for turf and evaluating the ornamental plant use expansion (D402685)

. In addition, EFED considered the latest Agency science policies and risk assessment meth odologies.

Mechanism of Action

Triticonazole is in the triazole family of fungicide s , and product labels claim it is systemic . Like other triazole fungicides, triticonazole acts by inhibiti ng the biosynthesis of sterols. It s mode of action places it in the class called sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (BSIs) and the subclass called de

-

### 3 methylation inhibitors (DMIs) (FRAC, 2013). The target of triazole fungicide s is a specific enzyme of sterol biosynthesis, C14 demethyl ase

. Inhibition of this enzyme inhib its sterol production, which interferes with the development of cell membranes and cell walls, thereby resulting in abnormal fungal growth and eventual death (Mueller, 2006).



## 2. Use Characterization

Triticonazole is a broad

- spectrum fungicide used to contro l and suppress certain fungal diseases. It is registered for use in seed treatments for barley, corn, oats, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat. Application rates for seed treatments are given in terms of weight of triticonazole applied to weight of seed. A pplication rates range from 0.01 to 0.05 pound active ingredient (a.i.) per 100 pound of seed. Maximum application rates in terms of pounds a.i. per acre treated are not specified on bags of seed treated with triticonazole. As a result, EFED has estimate d per

- acre maximum application rates by multiplying the pounds a.i.

- per

- seed rates by maximum expected seed planting rates (seeds per acre) provided by the Biological and Economic Analysis Division

, as shown in Table 1



### .

Table 1 . Application Information for Seed Treatment Uses of Triticonazole

.

Seed Type Maximum Application Rate (lb a.i./ 100 lb seed) Estimated Maximum Seeding Rate (lb seed/Acre) 1 Estimated Max Application Rate (lb a.i./A) Barley 0.01 138.3 0.013 8
Corn (sweet, field, and pop) 0.05 33.2 0.0166

Oat 0.01 90 0.0090
Rye 0.01 90 0.0090
Sorghum 0.02 9.1 0.0018

Triticale 0.01 109 0.0156

Wheat 0.01 156 0.0156

1 Maximum seeding rates were obtained from the Biological and Economic Analysis Division Me mo entitled Acres Planted per Day and Seeding Rates of Crops Grown in the United States, signed March 2011.



### Triticonazole is also registered for use as a broadcast or spray application to ornamentals, residential lawns, commercial and industrial lawns, g olf course turf, ornamental lawns and turf, ornamental sod farms, recreation area lawns, Christmas tree plantations, conifer plantations and nurseries, forest trees, nursery stock, ornamental and shade trees, ornamental herbaceous plants, ornamental woody shrubs and vines, and roses. For non

- seed treatment uses, application equipment include tank

- type sprayers, hose

- end sprayers, aircraft, ground equipment, spreaders, and pressurized can. There is one granular product containing triticonazole that is regist ered for use on turf and sod farms (EPA Reg. No. 7969

- 304). There is one pressurized liquid product registered for fog treatment of ornamental plants in greenhouses (EPA Reg. No. 499

- 555). The chemical profile produced by BEAD, located in the docket, lists the use patterns of maxim um exposures for the current uses Triticonazole

. EFED will use application scenarios that result in maximum exposure scenarios for a given use for the risk assessment. Any absence of information on the labels that specifies the m aximum single application rate, the application interval, the annual maximum rate allowed (lbs a.i./year), or application method may result in conservative assumptions

.

### 4 

## 3. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

a. Ecological Risk Assessments

Previous ecolog ical risk assessments have used a Total Toxic Residue (TTR) approach to assess potential ecological risk from use of triticonazole because triticonazole transforms to the Z isomer or degrades to hydroxylated compounds that are structurally similar to the p arent in the
environment . Previous assessments have characterized the environmental fate of triticonazole
and its residues as highly persistent and moderately mobile in soil , with its leaching potential verified in terrestrial field dissipation studies and groundwater detection in the USDA Pesticide Data Program

. Triticonazole has been found to have a low potential to bioaccumulate based on
bioconcentration factors of 14x (edible tissue), 157x (inedible tissue ), 94x (whole fish) in juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) with a > 98% depuration in 3 days

.

Previously completed ecological risk assessments for triticonazole are summarized in Table 2

. Risk assessments for current triticonazole uses predict that chr onic exposure may cause adverse
effects to fish

, aquatic invertebrates , and terrestrial vertebrates (birds, mammals, reptiles, and terrestrial phase of amphibians)

. Some assessments also predict risk to terrestrial plants and to nonvascular aquatic plants. Ecological risk assessment for seed treatment uses of triticonazole
have identified chronic risk to some taxa. An assessment for use of triticonazole as a fog treatment inside greenhouses concluded negligible risk to non

- target organisms due to the
minima l exposure to organisms outside of the greenhouse.

Table 2 . Summary of Conclusions of Previous Risk Assessments Conducted by EFED on Triticonazole

.

Use Reference Max. Application Rate Taxa for which risk was identified at the Agen cy’s
concern levels
Previously Assessed Uses

Seed treatment use on wheat and barley D260430, D260433,
D260435,
D262200,
D275686,
D275785,

D275908 (2002) 0.0049

- 0.0069 lb a.i./A No significant risk to non

- target organisms

Turf 0.58 lb a.i./A

3.48 lb a. i./A annually Acute risk to freshwater fish, saltwater invertebrates, plankton, and some listed species of birds
and mammals. Chronic risk to
freshwater and saltwater fish (using ACR for other conazoles)

, freshwater and saltwater invertebrates, birds, rept iles, and
terrestrial

- phase amphibians. Risk

to some aquatic and terrestrial plants.

Turf D313848,
D314324 (2006) 1.15 lb a.i./A 3.45 lb a.i./A annually Chronic risk to freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, saltwater invertebrates, birds, reptiles, a nd
terrestrial

- phase amphibians. Risk to terrestrial dicot plants.

Seed treatment use on cereal grains (barley, corn, oats, rye, sorghum, triticale, and wheat) D358616 (2009) 0.013

- 0.076 lb a.i./A Chronic risk to freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, and
seed

- eating birds. Risk to listed

### 5 Use Reference Max. Application Rate Taxa for which risk was identified at the Agen cy’s
concern levels
Previously Assessed Uses
(0.02

- 0.05 lb a.i./cwt seed and seeding rate of 150 lb

see d/A ) species of plants (wetland dicots only).

Ornamental plants and turf (granular application) D372455 and
D376793 (2010) 0.56 lb a.i./A

2.8 lb a.i./A annual ly Possible a cute risk to listed birds ( i.e. , non

- definitive endpoints failed to preclude risk to listed species)

. Chronic risk to freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, saltwat er invertebrates, mammals , birds, reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibian s . Risk to terrestrial plants, and aquatic nonvascular plants (listed only)
Turf (granular application) D429730 (2011) 0.56 lb a.i./A 2.81 lb a.i./A annually Chronic risk to freshwater fish, freshwater invertebrates, saltwater invertebrates, mammals, bird s, reptiles, and amphibians. Risk terrestrial plants, and aquatic nonvascular plants (listed only)
Ornamental plants in i ndoor

g reenhouses D391500 (2011) 2 cans per 3,000 ft 2 No risk to nontarget organisms

.

Turf, o rnamental plants, nursery trees, Christm as trees D402686 (2013) Turf:

1.15 lb a.i./A

3.4 5 lb a.i./A annually

Ornamentals:

0.475 lb a.i./A 2.85 lb a.i./A annually Chronic risk to freshwater fish and
saltwater invertebrates. Chronic
risk to terrestrial animals . Acute
risk to birds

. Risk to terres trial plants.

ACR = acute

- to

- chronic ratio



### The major ecological risk and exposure conclusions from previous assessments are summarized
in Table 3

.

Table 3 . Major Risk and Exposure Conclusions from Previous Triticonazole Assessments

Birds Mammals Terr.
Plants Terr.
Inverts Fish BCF Aquatic
Inverts Aquatic
Plants Groundwater
Contamination Persistence Degrad at es of Concern 

### √ √ √ √



### -- √ √ √ √ √



### b. Drinking Water Exposure Assessments

A drinking water exposure assessment for turf and ornamental uses was conducted for
triticonazole in 2013 ( D402685 ). Surface water e xposure estimates of triticonazole from turf, the

use that pro duce s maximum drinking water exposures

, were 157 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year peak), 116 μg/L (1

- in

- 10

- year annual mean) , and 81 μg/L (30

- year mean). Using the PRZM

- GW model,

### 6 g roundwater exposure estimates from the turf use for the 30

- year simulation were 10 μg/L ( peak )

, and 2 μg/L (post

- breakthrough average ). For each PRZM

- GW scenario, the daily
concentration values calculated for the 30

- year simulation indicated that higher ground water concentrations may be expected to occur over a time period greater than 30 yea rs, assuming that the maximum annual application is applied every year. Consequently, concentrations were
calculated for a 100

- year simulation with resulting estimates of 520 μg/L (peak) and 166 μg/L ( post

- breakthrough average) for the turf use

.

c. Clean Wat er Act Programs

Triticonazole is not identified as a cause of impairment for any water bodies listed as impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act 1 

### . In addition, no Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) have been developed for triticonazole 2



### . More i nformation on impaired water bodies and TMDLs can be found at the Agency’s website 3 

### . The Agency invites submission of water quality data for this pesticide. To the extent possible, data should conform to the quality standards in Appendix A of the OPP Stand ard Operating Procedure: Inclusion of Impaired Water Body and
Other Water Quality Data in OPP’s Registration Review Risk Assessment and Management
Process 4 

### in order to ensure they can be used quantitatively or qualitatively in pesticide risk
assessments. A quatic benchmarks 5 

### have not been established for triticonazole . Any data submitted or otherwise located as part of the registration review process may be used to update aquatic life benchmarks, if applicable.



## 4. Environmental Fate and Transport

S tructure s , chemical names, and other identifiers of triticona zole , its stereoisomer and its transformation products are given in Appendix A

.

Laboratory fate studies and field dissipation studies indicate that triticonazole is moderately
mobile in the environment (FAO 2000). Triticonazole’s Freundlich soil

- water partition coefficients range from 4.1 to 14.4 and its organic carbon

- normalized Freundlich coefficients

range from 344 to 812

. In a lysimeter study focused on fate and transport of triticonazole applied

as a seed treatment, dissipation of triticonazole into the surrounding soil and leaching to below the 35 cm soil depth was observed with no clear pattern of degradation over an 18

- month period (MRIDs 44802132, 44904514)

. Triticonazole is not expected to volat ilize under field conditions

.

Triticonazole is persistent in aerobic soil and water; aerobic soil metabolism half

- lives range
from 81 to 715 days in warm temperatures (2 0

- 25°C) , and the aerobic aquatic metabolism half

life is 210 days ( 25°C )

. It is also r esistant to degradation in soil as a result of photolysis (half

- life of 92 days). Triticonazole is stable to microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions.

1 http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation_cy.cause_detail_303d?p_cause_group_id=885

2 http://iaspub.epa.gov/tmdl_waters10/attains_nation.tmdl_pollutant_detail?p_pollutant_group_id=885&p_pollutant_group_name=PEST ICIDES

3 http:// www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/

4 http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/water_quality_sop.htm

5 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/ecorisk_ders/aquatic_life_benchmark.htm

### 7 Photolysis in water results in transformation to the Z isomer via E

- Z isomerization. Results from terrestrial field dissipation studies and a lys i meter study suggest that triticonazole residues may accumulate from year to year

. Environmental fate data for triticonazole are summarized in Table

4



### .

Bioconcentration of triticonazole was studied in juvenile bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus

, MRID 44922311 ). Maximum bioconcentration factors were 14x for the muscle (edible) tissue, 157x for the visceral (nonedible) tissue, and 94x for the whole fish. These results indicate that
trit iconazole does not bioconcentrate to a significant extent.

Triticonazole may be transformed in the environment via 1) E

- Z isomerization, 2) hydroxylation, or 3) s tepwise mineralization and potential formation of 1,2,4

- triazole

. With the exception of 1,2,4

- triazole and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid, t riticonazole’s transformation products observed in the laboratory and field studies are structurally similar to the parent and are expected to have similar physical, chemical and toxicological properties. Based on their structural similarity and observations in field and laboratory studies, these transformation products are expected to be moderately mobile and are not expected to undergo significant d egradation in the environment.

Table 4 . C hemical Properties and Environmental Fate Parameters of Triticonazole

.


### Parameter Value Description Source
Selected Physical/Chemical Parameters

Molecular mass (molecular formula) 317.82 g/mol (C 7 H 3 Cl 2 N)

-- (Calculated)

Vapor pressure ( 50 °C) 7.5 x 10

- 9 torr MRID 4480200 8

Aqueous solubility (2 0 ° C) 9.9 mg/L MRID 4480200 6

Henry’s Law Constant (2 0 °C) 3.2 x 10

- 10 atm

- m 3 /mol (Calculated with vapor pressure at 50
°C assumed to be the

same at 2 0 °C )
Log octanol

- to

- water partition
coefficient (log K OW ) 3.29 MRID 44802002



### Persistence

Hydrolysis half

- life (2 5 ° C) Stable at pH 5

, 7

, 9 MRID 44922305

Aqueous photolysis isomerization

rate (25 ° C , 30°N, 22 ° C 40°N for the respective MRIDs ) 7.5 hours to 48 days Isomeric conversion
mechanism. MRID 44922306,
47296302

Soil photolysis half

- life (2 0 ° C

, 50 ° N ) 92.4 days MRID 44802123

### 8 Parameter Value Description Source

Aerobic soil metabolism half

- life [dissipation half

- life A ] ( 22°C ; 25° C ; 10 and 22 °C ; and 10 and
25°C for the respective MRIDs) Sandy loam: 301 days at
22°C (linear/natural log)

Clay loam: 141 days at 22°C (linear/natural log)

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 257 days at 22°C (nonlinear/normal)

Sharkey c lay s oil: 715 days
at 25°C (linear/natural log)

Loamy sand: 344 days at
22°C (linear/natural log)

Loamy sand: 691 days at
10°C (linear /natural log)

Sandy loam: 359 days at
10°C (linear/natural log)

Clay loam: 224 days at 10°C (linear/natural log)

Speyer 2.2 loamy sand:
stable at 10°C ( 1,800 days; DFOP) 1

Sandy loam: 187 days at 25°C (nonlinear/normal)

Sandy loam: 693 days at 10°C (li near /natural log )

CA sand: 307 days at 2 0°C (linear, calculated by study author)

NJ loam: 81 days at 2 0°C (linear, calculated by study author)

WI sand: 120 days at 2 0°C (linear, calculated by study author) MRIDs 44802124 in conjunction with 45749206;
4 4802126;
44802125 ; 45749205 ; ( 49017701 )

Anaerobic soil metabolism half

- life ( 2 5 ° C) Stable MRID 44922308

Aerobic aquatic metabolism half

life [dissipation half

- life A ] ( 2 5 ° C) 210 days MRID 47296301

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism half

life (2 0 ° C) Stable MRID 44922309

### 9 Parameter Value Description Source
Mobility

Freundlich soil

- water partition coefficients (K F ); organic carbon

normalized Freundlich coefficients (K FOC ) 4.1

- 14.4 L/kg;

344

– 812 L/kg OC MRID 44802129



### Field Dissipation
Terrestrial field dissipation half

life; leaching dep th Pre

- plant wheat application
169 d (0

- 0.15 m depth; WA Timmerman sandy loam );
leached to 0.15 m depth MRID s 44802132

, 44904514

California Bareground 925 d (0

- 15m depth; sandy loam)
leached to 0.60

- 0.75 m depth Turf grass 61 d

North Carolina Bareg round 116 d ( 0

- 15m depth; Norfolk sandy loam) leached to 0.75

- 0.90 m depth Turf grass 64

Washington Bareground 160 d ( 0

- 15m depth; W A Quincy loamy fine sand) leached to
0.75

- 0.90 m depth Turf grass 140 d MRID s 44802133, 44904513,
44922310



### Fish Bioc oncentration

Fish bioconcentration factors (steady

- state); depuration rate 14x (edible), 157x (inedible), 94 x (whole); > 98 % depuration in 3 day s Low bioconcentration potential MRID 44922311

Parentheses around the MRID number indicate study is currentl y in review.

1 Calculated according to EFED’s 2012 Standard Operating Procedure for Using the NAFTA Guidance to Calculate Representative Half

- life Values and Characterizing Pesticide Degradation.



### a. Transformation Products

In the environment, t riticonazole transforms to a cis

- isomer ( i.e.

, Z

- isomer)

, several hydroxylated compounds (RPA 406341, RPA 406780, RPA 407922 and RPA 40476 6, RPA 404886

, RPA
405826

, Reg. No. 5059144

, Reg. No. 5079285 ) , 1,2,4

- triazole, and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid.

Table 5 

### summarizes the prevalence of each triticonazole transformation product in the
environmental fate studies.

### 10 With the exception of 1,2,4

- triazole, and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid , t he toxicological and environmental fate properties of the degradat es observed in environmental fate laboratory and
field studies have not been measured

. Triticonazole’s Z isomer and hydroxylated degradates, d ue to their structural similarity to the parent, are assumed to be equivalent to triticonazole in persistence , mob ility, and toxicity for the purposes of risk assessment

.

Triticonazole’s Z isomer (RPA 406203) and four transformation products, (RPA 406341, RPA 406780, RPA 407922 and RPA 404766 ) were detected at > 10% applied radioactivity in
submitted environmental f ate studies. In a ddition, s ix minor transformation products ( Reg. No.
5059144

, Reg. No. 5079285

, RPA 404886

, RPA 405826

, 1,2,4

- triazole, and 1,2,4

- triaozle acetic
acid ) were also detected in the studies (<10%). The Z isomer is formed primarily by photolysi s , forming up to 45% of applied radioactivity in irradiated water and 11% of radioactivity in
irradiated soil

.

In the field dissipation studies, the Z isomer was formed upwards of 46% applied radioactivity
and was detected at the 15

- 30 cm soil depth

. Maj or degradates RPA 406341, RPA 406780

, RPA
407922 , and RPA 404766 are primar i ly formed via microbially

- mediated hydroxylation of the parent in aerobic soil

. Maximum RPA 406341 formation ranged from 9

- 17% in the aerobic soil metabolism studies, and the compo und consistently began degrading by the end of the studies.
RPA 406341 was also detected at the 45

- 60 cm sample depth.

Similarly, maximum RPA 406780 formation in aerobic soil ranged from 7

- 14% with slight
declin es by the end of the studies. The other two major hydroxylated degradat ion products, RPA
407922 and RPA 404766 , were formed at maxima of 2

- 15% and 4

- 10%, respectively, and degradation was rarely observed at study termination. Minor degradates Reg. No. 5059144

, Reg.
No. 5079285 are enantiomers of e ach other and were individually detected at 8% and 9% in one aerobic soil metabolism study, respectively, declining slightly by study termination. Minor
transformation product RPA 404886 was observed at 4% or less in the aerobic soil metabolism
studies and typically began declining by the end of the studies. RPA 405826 was only observed at <1% applied radioactivity in the anaerobic soil metabolism study.

Over the past decade, there has been concern over the potential for the conazole fungicides to degrade in the environment to triazole or triazole conjugates. The degree of formation of 1,2,4

- triazole and triazole metabolites in plants, animals, and the environment is highly dependent on the properties of the various parent conazole fungicides (2/28/2006; D P 320682)

. 1,2,4

- triazole and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid were detected at < 5% in an aerobic soil metabolism study
conducted in 2012. N o free or conjugated triazoles of concern were measured in studies previously submitted. Although these earlier studies w ere not specifically de signed to quantify the triazoles, a follow

- up study (MRID 45749201) analyzed samples from one of the earlier aerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 44802125 ) and determined that 1,2,4

- triazole was not
formed as a result of aerobic soil metabolism in that study

.

FAO. 2000. Appendix 2. Parameters of pesticides that influence processes in the soil. In FAO Information Division Editorial Group (Ed.), Pesticide Disposal Series 8. Assessing Soil Contamination. A Reference Manual. Rome: Food & Agriculture Org anizat ion of the United Nations (FAO)

.

### 11 FRAC, 2013. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/

Mueller, D. 2006. Fungicide: Triazoles. Iowa State University, University Extension Service.
IC

- 496(13). May 30, 2006. http://www.ipm.iastat e.edu/ipm/icm/2006/5

- 30/fungicides.html

US EPA. EFED Risk Assessment for the Proposed New Use of Triticonazole on Ornamental plants ( Reg. No. 7969

- 257 ). July 25, 2013. EFED Memorandum for DP 402686

.

US EPA. Triticonazole : Tier I and II Drinking Water Exp osure Assessment for Existing Turf Uses and the Proposed Expansion of Ornamental Use on the Trinity ® 

### Fungicide Label ( Reg. No.
7969

- 257 ). April 3, 2013. EFED Memorandum for DP 402685

.

### 12 

## Appendix presents the structures of triticonazole transformation products and summarizes the
maximum amounts of formed in the environmental fate studies. Based on repeated long

- term detections in both the field dissipation study and the aerobic soil metabolism stu dy, the hydroxylated products appear to be persistent and mobile

. In the fish bioconcentration study, RPA 404886 and RPA 405826 comprised < 7% of total
radiolabeled residues while their glucuronide conjugates (I and II) comprised 20

- 43% of total
radiolab eled residues. Another metabolite, RPA 406972, was also present at 9

- 21% of total radiolabeled residues. Other residues were also present at levels below 4%.

Table 5 . Triticonazole Transformation Products Identified in Environmental Fate Studies.

Degradates Hydrolysis Photolysis (water) Photolysis (soil) Aerobic
Soil Anaerobic
Soil Terrestrial
Field



### RPA 406203

( Z isomer) -- X a 

### X a 

### X

-- X

RPA 406341

-- -- X X a 

### X X

RPA 406780

-- -- -- X a



### -- -- RPA 407922

-- -- -- X a



### -- -- RPA 404886

-- -- -- X

-- -- RPA 404766

-- -- X X a 

### X

-- RPA 405826

-- -- -- X

-- Reg. No. 5059144

-- -- -- X

-- -- Reg. No. 5079285

-- -- -- X

-- -- 1,2,4

- triazole

-- -- -- X

-- -- 1,2,4

- triazole

acetic acid -- -- -- X

-- --

a

- major degradates ( > 10%)



## 5. Receptors

a. Toxicity Overview

Triticonazole showed no acute toxicity to birds, mammals, or bees when tested at the limit doses, classifying the pesticide as practically nontoxic to these taxa. However, some subacute toxicity
was observed in chronic tests. Triticonazole is classified as moderately toxic to aquatic
invertebrates and as no more than moderately toxic fish. Triticonazole is toxic to some plants at tested exposure levels

. D icotyledonous plants are more sensitive to triticonazole than

mono cotyledonous plants . Diatoms appear to be the most sensitive aquatic plants. Additional details on toxicity testing of aquatic and terrestrial organisms are provided below.

b. Effects to Aquatic Organisms

Table 6 

### summarizes the toxicit y endpoints of sensitive species that will be used to assess the risk
of triticonazole to aquatic organisms. Based on the available data, triticonazole is cla ssified as no more than moderately toxic to freshwater and saltwater fish (based on non

- definitive endpoints)

,

### 13 and moderately toxic to freshwater and saltwater invertebrates on an acute basis. Complete chronic toxicity data are available with both freshwater and saltwater species of fish and
invertebrates. The fathead minnow i s the most sensitive fish species, with growth effects
observed in an early life

- stage study at concentrations as low as 51 μg a.i./L

, and a NOAEC
established at 21 μg a.i./L. A full life

- cycle study with this species found slightly higher toxicity endpoints. The saltwater mysid wa s the most sens i tive aquatic invertebrate species, with toxic effects observed at concentrations as low as 41 μg a.i./L, and a NOAEC established at 25 μg
a.i./L.

An aquatic plant and algal toxicity testing found that various taxa vary greatly in their sen sitivity to triticonazole, with IC 50 

### values ranging from 0.35 mg a.i./L to >2.5 mg a.i. /L

. The most sensitive test species i s the marine diatom (IC 50 

### 0.35 mg a.i./L, NOAEC 0.033 mg a.i./L)

. Freshwater diatoms are also sensitive to triticonazole (IC 50 

### 0. 79 mg a.i./L, NOAEC 0. 17 mg a.i./L , MRID 44802117 ) . Duckweed was not highly sensitive, but it should be recognize duckweed is a monocotyledonous plant

, and monocotyledonous plants have been shown to be
less sensitive to triticonazole than dicotyledonous plan ts. Therefore, triticonazole may be more toxic to dicotyledonous aquatic plants.

1,2,4

- Triazole and its conjugates that are degradation products of triticonazole have been found to be less toxic to aquatic organisms than the parent compound (toxicity data are presented in Appendix C) and are expected to form in the environment in only small amounts. Therefore, these degradation products are not expected to contribute significantly to the total toxicity of triticonazole to aquatic organisms.

Table 6 . Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Aquatic Toxicity Studies for Triticonazole

.

Taxonomic Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity
Classification Source (Study Classification)

Freshwater fish 1 Acute Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) LC 50 > 2.3 mg/L No more than moderately
toxic 44802020 (Supplemental 2 )

Chronic (Early
life

- stage) Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) NOAEC : 21 μg/ L
LOAEC : 51 μg /L Endpoint : Re duced weight -- 44802027 ( Acceptable )

Chronic (Life cycle) Fathead Minnow NOAEC: 47.3 μg/L 3

LOAEC : 93.7 μg /L Endpoint s : Reduced length and weight, curvature of the spine -- 48819801 (Acceptable)

Freshwater
invertebrates Acute Water Flea ( Daphnia magna ) EC 50 = 7.6 mg/L Moderately
toxic 44802021 (Supplemental 2 )

Chronic Water Flea NOAE C : 0.11 mg/L
LOAE C : 0.21 mg/L Endpoint : Reduced number of young per
female -- 48842801 (Acceptable)

### 14 Taxonomic Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of

active ingredient) Acute Toxicity
Classification Source (Study Classification)

Estuarine/marine
fish Acute Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus ) LC 50 > 5.7 mg/L No more than moderately
toxic 44802023 ( Supplemental 4 )

Chronic Sheepshead Minnow NOAEC: 0.122 mg/L LOAEC: >0.122 mg/L (No adverse effects observed) -- 46876702 (Acceptable)

Estuarine/marine
invertebrates Acute Mysid ( Americamysis bahia ) EC 50 = 1.6 mg/L Moderately
toxic 44922304 (Supplemental 2, 5 )

Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ) EC 50 = 8.8 mg/L Moderately
toxic 44802024 (Supplemental 2 )

Chronic Mysid NOAEC = 25 μg a

. i

. /L LOAEC = 41 μg a

. i

. /L Endpoint : Reduced number of young pe r female -- 46876703 (Acceptable)

Aquatic plants and algae Vascular Duckweed ( Lemna gibba ) NOAEC : 0.33 mg/L
I C 50 = 1.4 mg/L -- 44802119 (Acceptable)

Non

vascular Marine diatom ( Skeletonema

costatum ) NOAEC : 0.033 mg/L
I C 50 = 0.35 mg/L -- 4 4802121 (Acceptable)

1 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic

- phase amphibians.

2 Because the test was conducted at close to the solubility limit and because water samples were not filtered before analysis, the
measured concentration at t he highest test level may represent the total concentration, including undissolved test material, rather than the soluble fraction. This may have caused the toxicity of dis s olved triticonazole to be slightly underestimated.

3 This acceptable study revised the life

- cycle toxicity endpoints from a previously submitted supplemental study (MRID 47622101) . The previous N OAEC that was used in earlier assessment was 12 μg a

. i

. /L

. 4 The study was classified as “Supplemental” because of uncertainty of the NOAEC det ermination; however, the conclusion concerning the LC 50 was considered valid and acceptable.

5 The study data did not fit a clear dose

- response relationship with higher mortality observed in lower exposure levels than in some higher exposure levels

.



### c. Effec ts to Terrestrial Organisms

Error! Reference source not found. summarizes the toxicity endpoints of sensitive species that will be used to assess the risk of triticonazole to terrestrial organisms. Triticonazole has very low

acute toxicity to terrestrial animals. On an acute toxicity basis, triticonazole is classified as practically nontoxic to birds, mammals, and bees. The only sublethal effects observed in the acute studies were in acute studies with laboratory rats, in which a t ransient decrease in activity and ataxia were observed. The rat behavior returned to normal within two days. Triticonazole is
more toxic to birds on a chronic basis. T he northern bobwhite was found to be more sensitive
than the mallard

, with adverse reprod uctive effects observed at dietary concentrations as low as 172 mg a.i./kg

- diet . Since adverse effects were observed at all test concentrations , the NOAEC was undetermined. Less chronic toxicity was observed in mammals, with parental and reproductive effe cts observed in the rat at a dietary concentration of 5000 mg a.i./kg

- diet (NOAEC 750 mg a.i./kg

- diet).

### 15 T riticonazole is toxic to some terrestrial plants

. Effects o n seedling emergence occurred at considerably lower rates than effects on the growth (veg etative vigor) of emerged plants. The most sensitive terrestrial plant species was lettuce, for which the IC 50 

### and NOAEC for seedling emergence effects were 0.015 and 0.0040 lb a.i./A, respectively.

1,2,4

- Triazole

, a degradation products of triticonazole

, ha s been found to be somewhat more toxic to terrestrial animals than the parent compound . The acute oral LD 50 

### for the rat is 1375 mg/kg for 1,2,4

- triazole (MRID 45284008), whereas it is >2000 mg a.i. /kg for triticonazole (MRID 44802028)

. The acute oral LD 50 

### for the bobwhite quail is 770 mg/kg for 1,2,4

- triazole (MRID 49380701), whereas it is >1910 mg a.i./kg for triticonazole (MRID 44 922301 ). On a chronic basis, a 1,2,4

- triazole concentration of 250 mg/kg

- diet caused reduced body weight, decreased body weig ht gain, and reduced brain and spleen weights in rats (MRID 46467304),
whereas a triticonazole concentration of 750 mg a.i./kg

- diet did not cause any observable effects (MRID 44933604). H owever, acute toxicity data for fish and aquatic invertebrates show 1 ,2,4

- triazole h as little toxic to aquatic organisms

. Therefore, the ecological risk assessment for
triticonazole will include a separate analysis to determine if formation of 1,2,4

- triazole as a result
of triticonazole use poses a risk to terrestrial anima ls. Avian and mammalian toxicity endpoints for 1,2,4

- triazole that are to be used in th e risk assessment are presented in Table 7 

### . The complete set of ecotoxicity data on 1,2,4

- triazole and its conjugates are provided in Appendix C.

Table 7 . Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoints from Terrestrial Toxicity Studies for Triticonazole and 1,2,4

- Triazole

.

Taxonomic Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of

active ingredient) Acute Tox icity
Classification Source (Study Classification)

Triticonazole

Birds 1 Acute Northern Bobwhite ( Colinus virginianus )
and Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ) LD 50 > 1910 mg/kg

- bw Practically
nontoxic 2 44922301
& 44922302 (Acceptable)

Sub

- acute dietary North ern Bobwhite
and Mallard LC 50 > 5000 mg/kg

- diet (No signs of toxicity) Practically
nontoxic 44922303
& 44802016 (Acceptable)

Chronic Bobwhite quail NOAEC: < 172 mg/kg
diet LOAEC: 172 mg/kg diet Endpoints : Reduced egg hatchability, reduced hatchling survi val, and reduced hatchling weight -- 47296304 (Supplemental 3 )

Mammals Acute Oral Laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) LD 50 > 2000 mg/kg

- bw (Decreased motor activity
and ataxia observed on Day 1) Practically

nonto xic 44802028 (Acceptable)

Acute
Inhalation Laboratory rat LC 50 > 2.63 mg/L (Decreased activity observed on Day 1 and 2) Toxicity Category IV 44802028 (Acceptable)

### 16 Taxonomic Group Study Type Surrogate Species Toxicity Value (all units in terms of

active ingredient) Acute Tox icity
Classification Source (Study Classification)

Chronic Laboratory rat (two

- generation

repr oductive study) NOAEL: 750 mg/kg diet LOAEL: 5000 mg/kg diet Endpoints : Reproductive and parental effects -- 44933604 (Acceptable)

Insects Acute

contact Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. ) LD 50 > 24 μg/bee Practicall y

non toxic 44802122 (Acceptable)

Terrestrial plants Seedling Emergence Monocot

– ryegrass ( Lolium sp

. ) IC 25 > 4.2 lb/A
NOAEL = 1.3 lb/A Endpoint : Shoot length -- 44802116 (Acceptable)

Dicot

– lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) IC 25 = 0.015 lb/A
NOAEL = 0.0040 lb/A Endpoint : shoot length -- 44802116 (Acceptable)

Vegetative Vigor Monocot

– various species IC 25 > 4.2 lb/A
NOAEL = 4.2 lb/A Endpoint : None -- 44802116 (Acceptable)

Dicot

– turnip ( Brassica rappa ) IC 25 = 1.3 lb/A
NOAEL = 1.0 lb /A Endpoint : Dry weight -- 44802116 (Acceptable)

1,2,4

- Triazole

Birds Acute Northern Bobwhite LD 50 = 770 mg/kg

- bw No more than slightly toxic 49380701 (Acceptable)

Chronic (no data)

-- --

Mammals Acute Laboratory rat LD 50 = 1375 mg/kg

- bw Slightly tox ic 45284008

Chronic Laboratory rat NOAEC < 250 mg/kg

- diet LOAEL = 250 mg/kg

- diet -- 46467304 (Acceptable)

1 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial

- phase amphibians and reptiles.

2 As no mortality and no signs of toxicity were observed at a dose of 1 900 mg a

. i

. /kg

- bw, the LD 50 is very likely greater than 2000 mg

- ai/kg

- bw, the criteria for “practically nontoxic” classification

. 3 This study was classified as Supplemental because it failed to determine the NOAEC.



### d. Ecological Incidents

A preliminary rev iew of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS, version 2.1) in April 2015 did not identify any ecological incident of adverse field effects to nontarget plants or animals attributed to use of triticonazole. Also, review of the Avian Monitoring In formation System (AIMS), which is maintained by the American Bird Conservancy, did not identify any ecological incident associated with the use of triticonazole.

### 17 In addition to the incidents recorded in EIIS and AIMS, the Agency maintains a database whi ch stores counts of minor incidents that pesticide registrants record in quarterly aggregated incident reports. Ecological incidents recorded in these aggregated reports include those categorized as ‘minor fish and wildlife’ (W

- B), ‘minor plant’ (P

- B), an d ‘other non

- target’ (ONT) incidents.
‘Other non

- target’ incidents include reports of adverse effects to insects and ot her terrestrial
invertebrates. A review of this database in April 2015 found two incidents that were associated
with triticonazole and a nother pesticide ingredient. One minor plant damage incident was reported in an aggregated report in 2012 for the product Bug B Gon Insect & Disease Control (EPA Reg. No. 8033

- 108

- 239 , Incident I024402

- 247 ). That product contains the neonicotinoid
insectic ide acetamiprid as well as triticonazole. A second minor wildlife incident was reported in an aggregated report in 201 4 for the product “Pillar G” (EPA Reg. No. 7969

- 304, Incident
I026079

- 020 ). That product contains the insecticide pyraclostrobin as well a s triticonazole. Because these pesticide products contained more than one active ingredient, it is uncertain which ingredient caused the observed adverse effects. It is plausible that the minor plant damage incident may have been caused by triticonazole. I t is unlikely, however, that the minor wildlife incident was caused by triticonazole because this ingredient has very low acute toxicity to
wildlife.



## 6. Exposure Pathways of Concern

Based on the use pattern and environmental fate characteristics of this pe sticide, the following exposure pathways are expected to be most relevant for determining exposure and potential risk
of triticonazole to non

- target organisms:

• Direct spray

• Consumption of contaminated water and food items

• Consumption of treated seeds (see d treatment uses only)

• Spray drift (except for seed treatments and granular products)

• Runoff

• Leaching to groundwater

Drinking water and inhalation exposure pathways were screened using the SIP (Screening Imbibition Program) and STIR (Screening Tool for Inh alation Risk) screening models to determine if they are potential pathways of concern or support requesting data

. The results
indicated that both exposure pathways are of low concern for triticonazole , and additional data specific to these exposure pathway s are not needed

. Sample outputs from these models are provided in Appendix D. SIP and STIR are described in detail at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm

.



## 7. A nalysis Plan

a. Stressors of Concern

### 18 i. Ecological Risk



### T he stressors of ecological concern for terrestrial and aquatic organisms fall into three distinct groups. The first group includes triticonazole, its cis

- isomer and its hydroxylated degradates

. These com pounds are assumed t o be equa lly toxic due to structural similarity

, an assumption that is supported by ECOSAR results where the majority of toxicity endpoints for triticonazole,
its cis

- isomer, and its hydroxylated degradates fall within an order of magn itude of each other

. Based on the likelihood of exposure, this is the group for which the bulk of the risk assessment
will be focused.

The second group includes 1,2,4

- triazole , and the third group 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid

. 1,2,4

- triazole and 1,2,4

- tria zole acetic acid were identified as minor degradates in one aerobic soil metabolism study

, and each compound has different ecological endpoints as illustrated in Appendix C

.

1,2,4

- triazole is less toxic than trit iconazole in all taxa in the aquatic toxicity tests conducted for 1,2,4

- triazole, including freshwater fish (acute and chronic), freshwater invertebrates (acute), and aquatic nonvascular plants

. With regard to terrestrial organisms, 1,2,4

- triazole is more toxic than
triticonazole to birds on an acute basis and more toxic to mammals on an acute and chronic basis. 1,2,4

- triazole chronic toxicity data have not been submitted for birds

. Data submitted for soil arthropods are not appropriate for compari ng the re lative toxic it ies of 1,2,4

- triazole and
triticonazole for honey bees and other pollinators

. No terrestrial plant data have been submitted for 1,2,4

- triazole.

1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid is less toxic than triticonazole for all taxa of aquatic and terrestr ial
animals tested , including freshwater fish (acute)

, freshwater invertebrates (acute) , and mammals (acute and chronic)

. Data are unavailable chronic toxicity of 1,2,4

- triazole to aquatic animal s and toxicity of 1,2,4

- triazole to aquatic plants . Data are also unavailable for acute and chronic toxicity of 1,2,4

- triazole to birds

.

Because the toxicological endpoints indicate that birds and mammals are more sensitive to 1,2,4

- triazole than to triticonazole, the triticonazole risk assessment will also assess risk of 1,2,4

- triazole to birds and mammals as a result of triticonazole use. Since 1,2,4

- triazole is more toxic

to terrestrial animals than 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid

, and the exposure potential from both compounds is comparable, risk estimates for 1,2,4

- triazole are expected to be protective of potential risk from 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid as well

. Considering the limited extent to which triticonazole degrades to 1,2,4

- triazole and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid in soil and the low toxicity of both compound s to aquatic taxa, 1,2,4

- triazole and 1,2,4

- triazole acetic acid will not be considered a stressor of concern for the purposes of risk assessment.

ii. Drinking Water



### The drinking water assessments conducted to support future human health risk assessments o f
triticonazole will incorporate model estimates of triticonazole residues of concern, which are the parent compound

, its cis

- isomer, and its hydroxylated degradates in surface and ground waters (MARC Memo D274564 and D274567 ). Triticonazole may also be co nsidered in an updated

### 19 aggregate drinking water assessment for triazole

- derivative fungicides. The triticonazole residues of concern may be reevaluated i f additional environmental fate and toxicity data for triticonazole
and its transformation products wer e submitted

.

b. Measures of Exposure

EFED will use models to evaluate potential exposures to aquatic and terrestrial organisms as
described at http:/ /www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

.

Exposure to terrestrial animals is estimated using the Terrestrial Residue Exposure (T

- REX)
model. Exposure to terrestrial plants is estimated using the TerrPlant model. For terrestrial plants , exposure is based on the calculated maximum application rate with assume d exposure from runoff

, but not spray drift . These models are described at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm

.

For terrestrial animals exposed to treated seed, the maximum application rate will be used to
estimate the LD 50



### - per

- square

- foot risk index. In addition, risk quotients will be calculated based on dietary exposure for animals that feed directly on treat ed seeds. This exposure is calculated by multiplying the amount of a.i. expected to be on a treated seed by the number of seeds an animal would need to consume in one day to meet its daily average food intake. Finally, risk is further characterized by calc ulating the number of treated seeds animals need to consume to reach a dose equal to the acute LD 50 

### and chronic NOAEL.

Monitoring Data

EPA is aware of monitoring conducted by federal ( e.g ., USGS NAWQA) and state s ( e.g., CDPR monitoring database) agencie s . Available monitoring data will be evaluated and considered in an assessment conducted for Registration Review

.

c. Measures of Effect

Toxicity data presented in Section 3 of this problem formulation will be used to ca lculate risk quotients. Any additional information submitted by the registrant or found in the open literature prior to conduct of the risk assessment will also be considered. The open literature studies are identified using EPA’s ECOTOXicology database ( E COTOX) ( USEPA, 2007 ), which employs a literature search engine for locating chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial plants, and
wildlife. The evaluation of both sources of data can also provide insight into the direct and
indirect effects of p esticides on biotic communities from loss of species that are sensitive to the
chemical s and from changes in structure and functional characteristic s of the affected
communities.

d. Estimation of Risk

### 20 The exposure and t oxicity data are integrated in order to evaluate the potential risks of adverse ecological effects on non

- target species. T he risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare exposure and toxicity values. EECs are divided by acute and chronic toxicity values. The resulting RQs are then compared to the Agency’s levels of concern (LOCs). Risk presumptions, along with the corresponding RQs and LOCs for terrestrial animals are summarized in Table 8



### .

Table 8 . Risk Pres umptions and Levels of Concern

Risk Presumption RQ LOC

Birds 1

Acute Risk EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.2
Acute Endangered Species EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.1

Chronic R isk EEC/NOEC 1

Mammals 1

Acute Risk EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.5

Acute Restricted Use EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.2
Acute Endangered Species EEC/LC 50 or LD 50 /sqft or LD 50 /day 0.1

Chronic Risk EEC/NOEC 1

1 LD 50 /sqft = (mg/sq ft) / (LD 50 * wt. of animal)

LD 50 /day = (mg of toxicant consumed/day) / (LD 50 * wt. of animal)



### e. Endangered Species Assessments

Consistent with EPA’s responsibility under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Agency will evaluate risks to federally listed threatened and endangered (listed) species from registered uses of pesticides in accordance with the Joint Interim Approaches developed to implement the recommendations of the April 2013 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report, Assessing Risks to Endang ered and Threatened Species from Pesticides

. The NAS report outlines recommendations on specific scientific and technical issues related to the development of pesticide risk assessments that EPA and the Services must conduct in connection with their obliga tions under the ESA and FIFRA. EPA will address concerns specific to triticonazole in connection with the development of its final registration review decision for triticonazole

.

In November 2013, EPA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Marine Fisheries (the Services), and USDA released a white paper containing a summary of their joint Interim Approaches for assessing risks to listed species from pesticides. These Interim Approaches were developed jointly by the agencies in response to the NAS recommendations, and reflect a common approach to risk assessment shared by the agencies as a way of addressing scientific
differences between the EPA and the Services. Details of the joint Interim Approaches are contained in the November 1, 2013 white pap er , Interim Approaches for National

- Level Pesticide Endangered Species Act Assessments Based on the Recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences April 2013 Report.

### 21 Given that the agencies are continuing to develop and work toward implementation o f the Interim Approaches to assess the potential risks of pesticides to listed species and their designated critical habitat, this ecological problem formulation supporting the Preliminary Work Plan for triticonazole does not describe the specific ESA anal ysis, including effects determinations for specific listed species or designated critical habitat, to be conducted during registration review. While the agencies continue to develop a common method for ESA analysis, the planned risk assessment for the regi stration review of triticonazole will describe the level of ESA analysis completed for this particular registration review case. This assessment will allow EPA to focus its future evaluations on the types of species where the potential for effects exists, once the scientific methods being developed by the agencies have been fully vetted. Once the agencies have fully developed and implemented the scientific methods necessary to complete risk assessments for listed species and their designated critical habita ts, these methods will be applied to subsequent analyses of triticonazole as part of completing this registration review.

f. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

Triticonazole was not included in the first group of 67 chemicals issued an order to conduct T ier
1 EDSP testing. For additional information the EDSP program, visit http://www.epa.gov/endo/

.



## 8. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps

a. Environmental Fate

Table 9 

### identifies triticonazol e environmental fate studies by MRID that offer data for each guideline requirement, a s well as study classifications. Environmental fate data for transformation products have not been submitted. Due to the structural similarity of triticonazole
transforma tion products to the parent, additional fate data for the degradates are not expected to substantially refine risk assessment estimates or change risk assessment conclusions. With the exception of the following studies, n o further fate data are needed in o rder to support risk

assessment:

• Guideline 850.6100, Analytical Method in Water : the Environmental Chemistry Method (ECM) and Independent Laboratory Validation (ILV) studies for triticonazole and its transformation products

• Guideline 850.6100, Analytical Method in Soil: the ILV study for triticonazole and its transformation products

Table 9 . Submitted Environmental Fate Data for Triticonazole

OCSPP
Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study
Classifications Are data ne eded to conduct risk
assessment?

835.2120 Hydrolysis 44922305 Acceptable No

835.2240 Aqueous photolysis 44922306 Supplemental No 47296302 Acceptable

835.2410 Soil photolysis 44802123 Acceptable No

### 22 OCSPP
Guideline Data Requirement Submitted Studies (MRID) Study
Classifications Are data ne eded to conduct risk
assessment?

835.4100 Aerobic soil
metabolism 44802124 and
4574 9206 Acceptable

No 44802126 Supplemental

44802125 Acceptable

45749204 Supplemental

45749205 Acceptable

49017701 In Review

835.4200 Anaerobic soil
metabolism 44922308 Supplemental No

835.4300 Aerobic aquatic
metabolism 47296301 Accept able No

835.4400 Anaerobic aquatic
metabolism 44922309 Acceptable No

835.1230
835.1240 Adsorption/ desorption and leaching 44802129 Acceptable No

835.1410 Volatility

– laboratory n/a n/a No

835.6100 Terrestrial field dissipation 44802132 Acceptable

No 44904514 Acceptable
44802133, 44904513,
44922310 in conjunction with
aerobic soil
metabolism studies Acceptable

835.6200 Aquatic field dissipation n/a n/a

No Analytical method in

water n/a n/a

850

. 6100 Analytical method in
soil and turf 448021 30

- ECM Soil
and Turf
4480213 1

- Turf ILV Acceptable Yes
I n dependent laboratory validation (ILV) study for soil are needed for
triticona zole and its transformation products Analytical method in

water

none none Yes Environmental chemistry method (ECM) and in dependent laboratory
validation (ILV) studies are needed
for triticona zole and its transformation products

165

- 4 (850.1730) Fish bioconcentration 44922311 Acceptable No

n/a = not applicable



### b. Ecological Effects

Table 10 

### and Table 11 

### identify ecological effects studies by MRID that offer data for each guideline requirement, as well as study classifications and whether further data are needed in order to

### 23 support risk assessment. The ecological toxicity data for trit iconazole are complete with the exception of an avian reproduction study, an acute mysid study, and tier

- 1 honey bee studies

.

A new avian reproduction study is needed with the northern bobwhite because neither of the two
studies that were submitted with this species are adequate for risk assessment. Both the first bobwhite reproduction study submitted (MRID 44802017 ) and the repeated study which was later submitted ( MRID 47296304 ) , w ere classified as Supplemental because significant adverse
effects were observed at all test concentrations in both studies. Therefore

, neither of these studies
determine the NOAEC for the bobwhite

. An acceptable avian reproduction study is available with the mallard, but results indicate that the mallard is less sensitive tha n is the bobwhite. Therefore, c hronic risk quotients for birds based on the most sensitive species cannot be
calculated without a new bobwhite study to provide a definitive NOAEC.

Additional acute toxicity data with the mysid, a saltwater crustacean, wou ld reduce uncertainty in risk assessment for aquatic invertebrates that stem from uncertainty with the supplemental acute mysid study (MRID 448020

- 23)

. B ased on the supplemental data, is the mysid is the most sensitive aquatic test animal tested and t heref ore results for this test species will drive the risk conclusions for aquatic invertebrates. B ased on the data for the mysid, a previous assessment for use of granular triticonazole on turf (D429730) determined an acute RQ for saltwater crustaceans
of 0.03 . While this RQ was below the LOC for listed species (0.05), there is a small margin of

sa fety between the RQ and the LOC. An increase in the mysid LC 50 

### value of 67% or more would result in an RQ that exceeds the listed species LOC. Because the data from t he mysid acute study showed an extreme lack of a dose response, it is plausible that the LC 50 

### could change by greater this amount, which could change the conclusion for listed species.

S everal of the other aquatic toxicity studies with triticonazole also are classified as supplemental due to the possibility of undissolved test material in the exposure chambers, and the lack of centrifuging or filtration of the water samples prior to measurement of the concentrations. This
could have caused the test concent rations to be somewhat overestimated, and the toxicity endpoint to be somewhat underestimated. However, supplemental information provided by the registrant provided evidence that undissolved material was not likely present in quantities sufficient to signi ficantly alter the toxicity endpoint estimations (see Memorandum D314207). Furthermore, for aquatic test animals other than mysid, the margin of safety between the RQ and the LOC is large enough that a small change in the toxicity endpoint would not likely change the conclusion of low risk for listed as well as unlisted species. Therefore, additional data are needed only for the mysid to complete the ecological risk assessment for triticonazole. A new acute toxicity study with the mysid is needed because it is the most sensitive aquatic species, and the uncertainty in this endpoint would create uncertainty in the aquatic risk conclusions.

The registrant submitted an acute toxicity study that measured toxicity of a RPA 406203, the cis

isomer ( Z

- isomer) of th e parent molecule, to the waterflea (MRID 448020 22). T his study i s classified as supplemental because the concentration of solvent in the control was less than in the highest test concentration, undissolved particles were observed in the two highest test

c oncentrations, and the protocol did not indicate that water samples were centrifuged or filtered to remove undissolved particles prior to analyses. Nevertheless, this study supports the assumption that the toxicity of triticonazole and its cis

- isomer are a pproximately equivalent, and

### 24 support the consideration of triticonazole parent, its cis

- isomer, and its structurally similar degradation products when assessing exposure and risk to non

- target organisms , as supported by
ECOSAR results

. Additional data on t he toxicity of degradation products of triticonazole are not needed for risk assessment

.

T he Agency has recently issued interim guidance for assessing the potential risks of pesticides to
bees and the data needed to support such assessments (USEPA et al. , 2014). Th e guidance
document indicates that if exposure of bees to a pesticide is expected, a Tier I risk assessment is
conducted

. Currently the only honey bee data available is the acute contact toxicity study (Guideline 850.3020). Additional tier

- 1 hon ey bee studies which are needed are the acute oral toxicity test with adult bees (OECD Guideline 213), the acute larval toxicity test, and the chronic larval toxicity test. Depending on the results of these studies, additional higher

- tiered honey bee
testi ng may be needed

.

In summary, the stud ies needed in order to conduct the ecological risk assessment for
triticonazole include the following :

• Guideline 850.2300, Avian Reproduction Test with the northern bobwhite (TGAI)

• Guideline 850.1035, Mysid Acute Tox icity Test (TGA)

• A honey bee acute oral study with adult bees (OECD 213) (TGAI)

• A honey bee acute oral toxicity study with bee larvae (OECD 237) (TGAI)

• A honey bee chronic oral toxicity study with adult bees (TGAI)

• 

### A honey bee chronic oral toxicity study w ith bee larvae (TGAI)

In addition, the following higher

- tier honey bee studies may be required, depending on the
results that are obtained in the tier studies:

• 

### Residues in Pollen and Nectar/Field Residue Analysis (non

- guideline study, tier II) (TEP)

• 

### Semi

- field testing (tunnel or colony feeding study, Tier II) (TEP)

• 

### Field testing for pollinators (OCSPP guideline 850.3040, tier III) (TEP)

### 25 Table 10 . Submitted Aquatic Ecological Effects Data for Triticonazole

OCSPP
Guideline Data Requi rement Submitted
Studies (MRID) Test Species Study
Classifications Are data
needed to
conduct risk
assessment? Justification and
Comments

850.1010 Freshwater
invertebrate acute toxicity 44802021 Water flea Supplemental No Despite uncertainties in the
dat a related to possible
undissolved test material (see text), the study is adequate to show that
triticonazole lacks acute toxicity at environmentally
relevant concentrations.

850.1035
850.1045 Saltwater

crustacean acute toxicity 44922304 Mysid Supplementa l Yes A new acute mysid study would reduce uncertainty in the aquatic risk assessment.
D eficiencies make the
results of the current study uncertain, and because the mysid was the most sensitive aquatic species
tested , it makes the RQ for
saltwater inverteb rates uncertain . Water samples of
test concentrations were not centrifuged prior to analysis, and therefore may not accurately reflect
dissolved concentration. Also the mortality results showed a poor dose

response, making the EC 50 calculations uncertain. Based on previous assessment, it appears possible that refinement of the mysid toxicity could potentially result in a change in the risk
conclusions for listed species ( i.e. , the RQ could exceed 0.05).

850.1025
850.1055 Saltwater
bivalve acute toxicity 44 802024 Eastern oyster Supplemental No Despite uncertainties in the data related to possible
undissolved test material (see text), the study is adequate to show that
triticonazole lacks acute toxicity at environmentally
relevant concentrations.

850.1075 F reshwater fish acute toxicity 44802019 Bluegill
sunfish Supplemental No

### 26 OCSPP
Guideline Data Requi rement Submitted
Studies (MRID) Test Species Study
Classifications Are data
needed to
conduct risk
assessment? Justification and
Comments

44802020 Rainbow

trout Supplemental Despite uncertainties in the data related to possible
undissolved test material (see text), the study is adequate to show that
triticonazole lacks acute toxicity at environmentally

re levant concentrations.

850.1075 Saltwater fish acute toxicity 44802023 Sheepshead
minnow Supplemental No The study was classified as “Supplemental” because of uncertainty of the NOAEC determination. However, sinc e the conclusion concerning the
LC 50 was considered valid, the data are adequate for risk

assessment.

850.1300 Freshwater
invertebrate life cycle 44842801 Water flea Acceptable No

--

46876701 Water flea Supplemental

44802025 Water flea Invalid

850.1350 Saltwater
invertebrates life cycle 46876703 Mysid Acceptable No

850.1400 Freshwater fish early

- life stage 44802027 Fathead
minnow Acceptable No

--

44802026 Fathead
minnow Supplemental

850.1400 Saltwater fish early

- life stage 46 876702 Sheepshead
minnow Acceptable No

--

850.1500 Fish life cycle 48819801 Fathead
minnow Acceptable No

--

47622101 Fathead
minnow Supplemental

850.4400 Aquatic plant Toxicity Test using Lemna

spp. 44802119 Duckweed Acceptable No

--

850.4500 Alg al toxicity 44802118 Green algae Acceptable No

--

4480211 7 Freshwater
diatom Acceptable

44802121 Marine
diatom Acceptable No

--

850.4550 Cyanobacteria 44802120 Blue

- green algae Acceptable No

--

### 27 Because of testing was conducted near the solubility limit and because analytical samples were not centrifuged or filtered prior to analysis, this study may have slightly underestimated toxicity. However, the study is expected to be adequate to demonstrate lack of toxicity at environmentally relevant concen trations.

Table 11 . Submitted Terrestrial Ecological Effects Data for Triticonazole

OCSPP
Guideline Data Requirement Submitted
Studies (MRID) Test Species Study
Classifications Are data
needed for
risk

assessment ? Current Additional
Data Need

850.2100 Avian oral toxicity 44922301 Bobwhite Acceptable No Although no acute toxicity data are available for passerine birds, the acute oral and subacute dietary data
available for birds are adequate to show that triticonazole has general
lo w acute toxicity to
birds , and would pose low risk to all types of
birds

. 44922302 Mallard Acceptable

(none) Pass e rine

--

850.2200 Avian dietary toxicity 4492230 3 Bobwhite Acceptable No

--

44802016 Mallard Acceptable

850.2300 Avian

repr oduction 47296304 Bobwhite Supplemental Yes

44802017 Bobwhite Supplemental

44802018 Mallard Acceptable

Non

guideline Avian inhalation

-- -- (N/A) No Because of the lack of acute toxicity to birds,
an avian acute inhalation study is not requeste d.

850.3020 Honey bee acute contact toxicity 44802122 Honey
bee Acceptable No

--

Non

guideline Honey bee larvae
acute oral toxicity Yes Because triticonazole is used on flowering ornamental plants, and because use on forestry
trees and turf would
lik ely result in inadvertent exposure to flowering plants, these
tier

- 1 toxicity tests are required to ensure protection of insect pollinators. Non

guideline Honey bee adult
acute oral toxicity Yes

Non

guideline Honey bee
chronic larvae toxicity Yes

Non

guideline Honey bee
chronic adult toxicity Yes

850.3030 Honey bee residue on foliage (N/A) No Because of the low acute contact toxicity to the adult bee, this study is not required.

### 28 OCSPP
Guideline Data Requirement Submitted
Studies (MRID) Test Species Study
Classifications Are data
needed for
risk

assessment ? Current Additional
Data Need

Non

guideline Semi

- field testing for pollinators (tunnel or colony feeding studies) -- -- (N/A) Yes Currently registered
triticonazole uses are expected to result in exposure to insect pollinators. The need for this study is contingent on the
results of earlier tier
studies. Non

guideline Residues in
Pollen and
N ectar/Field Residue Analysis -- -- (N/A) Yes

850.3040 Field testing for pollinators -- -- (N/A) Yes

850.4100 S eedling
E mergence and Seedling Growth 44802116 10 species Acceptable No

--

850.4150 V egetative V igor 44802116 10 species Acceptable No

--



### References

FAO. 2000. Appendix 2. Parameters of pesticides that influence processes in the soil. In FAO Information Division Editorial Group (Ed.), Pesticide Disposal Series 8. Assessing Soil Contamination. A Reference Manual. Rome: Food & Agriculture Org anizat ion of the United Nations (FAO)

.
FRAC, 2013. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. http://www.frac.info/

Mueller, D. 2006. Fungicide: Triazoles. Iowa State University, University Extension Service.
IC

- 496(13). May 30, 2006. http://www.ipm.iastat e.edu/ipm/icm/2006/5

- 30/fungicides.html

US EPA. EFED Risk Assessment for the Proposed New Use of Triticonazole on Ornamental plants ( Reg. No. 7969

- 257 ). July 25, 2013. EFED Memorandum for DP 402686

.

US EPA. Triticonazole : Tier I and II Drinking Water Exp osure Assessment for Existing Turf Uses and the Proposed Expansion of Ornamental Use on the Trinity ® 

### Fungicide Label ( Reg. No.
7969

- 257 ). April 3, 2013. EFED Memorandum for DP 402685

.

### 29 

## Appendix A

Triticonazole and its Transformation Products

Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

PARENT

Triticonazole ( E isomer;
RPA

- 400727) (1RS)

- (E)

- 5

- [(4

- chlorophenyl)methylene]

- 2,2

- dimethyl

- 1

- (1H,1,2,4

- triazol

- 1

- ylmethyl)

- cyclopentan

- 1

- ol

CAS No.: 131983

- 72

- 7

Formula: C 17 H 20 ClN 3 O

MW: 317.813 g/mol

Smiles: CC1(C)CC \ C(=C/C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2)C1(O)C
N1C=NC=N1

TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS

### 30 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

RPA 406203 ( Z isomer) (Z)

- 2

- (4

- chlorobenzylidene)

- 5,5

- dimethyl

- l

- (l,2,4

- triazol 1

- - ylmethy1)

- cyclopent an

- l

- ol Aq photolysis 44922306 45% (6 d) A 45% (6 d) A

47296302 40% (2 d) A triazole ring

41% (1d) A phenyl ring 26% (17 d) A triazole ring

28% (17 d) A phenyl ring
Soil photolysis 44802123 11% (30 d) 11% (30 d)

Aerobic soil 44802126 2% (1 29 d) ND (365 d)

Aerobic soil 45749205 < 4.1% (NS) at
25°C

< 4.4% (NS) at
10°C NS

### 31 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Terr. Field
Diss. 44802133, 44904513,
44922310 California bareground:

3% (14 d)
fallow soil: 3% (0.5 mo)

turf soil: 21% (0 d)

North Carolina

bareground:

9% (30 d)
f allow soil: 7% (1 mo)

turf soil: 46% (1 mo)

Washington bareground:

6% (7 d)
fallow soil: 5% (0.25 mo)
turf soil: 3% (0 d) California bareground: 1% (18 mo)
fallow soil: 2% (4 mo)

turf soil: ND (4 mo)

North
Carolina bareground: ND (18 mo)
fallow soil:
3% (4 mo)

turf soil: 7% (4 mo)

Washington bareground: ND (18 mo)
fallow soil: 2% (4 mo)

turf soil: ND (4 mo)
RPA 406341 (major) (E)

- (lR*,3R *)

- 2

- (4

- chlorobenzylidene)

- 5,5

- dimethyl

- 1

- ((lH)

- 1,2,4

- triazol

- 1

- ylmethyl)

- cyclopentan

- 1,3

- diol Soil photolysis 44802123 4% (30 d) 4% (30 d)

Aerobic soil 44802124
and
45749206 Clay loam:
10 % (112 d)

Sandy loam: 11% (56 d)

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 15% (357 d) Clay loam: 8% (363 d)

Sandy loam: 6% (363 d)

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: 15% (357 d)
Aerobic soil 44802126 12% (240 d) 11% (365 d)

### 32 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aerobic soil 44802125 Loamy sand: 15% (56 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 9% (363 d) at
10°C

Sandy loam: 11% (306 d) at
10°C

Clay loam: 16% (308 d) at
10°C

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy sand: 10% (140 d) at 1 0°C Loamy sand: 7% (363 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 9% (363 d) at
10°C

Sandy loam: 10% (363 d)

at 10°C

Clay loam: 13% (363 d)

at 10°C

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: 9% (363 d) at
10°C

Aerobic soil 45749205 Sandy loam: 17% (189 d) at
25 °C

Sandy loam : 15% (365 d) at
10 °C Sandy loam: 15% (365 d)

at 25 °C

Sandy loam: 15% (365 d)

at 10 °C
Anaerobic
soil 44922308 2% (100 d) 2% (100 d)

### 33 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Terr. Field
Diss. 44802133, 44904513,
44922310 California bareground: 2% (296 d)
fallow soil: 1% (1 mo)
turf soil: 17% (2 mo)

North Carolina

bareground: 5% (182 d)
fallow soil: 4% (4 mo)

turf soil: 58% (1 mo)

Washington bareground:

4% (14 d)
fallow soil: 3% (0.5 mo)

turf soil: 13% (0 d) California bareground: 2% (18 mo)
fallow soil: 1% (4 mo)
turf soil: 12% (4 mo)

N orth
Carolina bareground: 2% (18 mo)
fallow soil: 4% (4 mo)

turf soil: 43% (4 mo)

Washington bareground: ND (18 mo)
fallow soil: 2% (4 mo)

turf soil: 10% (4 mo)
RPA 406780 (major) (E)

- 5

- (4

- chlorobenzylidene)

- 2,2

- dimethyl

- 1

- ((1H)

- 1,2,4

- triazol

- 1

- ylmethyl )cyclopentan

- 1,3

- diol

Aerobic soil 44802124
and
45749206 Clay loam: 8% (28 d)

Sandy loam: 8% (168 d)

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 10% (84 d) Clay loam: 3% (363 d)

Sandy loam: 7% (363 d)

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: 9% (357 d)

### 34 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aero bic soil 44802125 Loamy sand: 8% (28 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 8% (56 d) at
10°C

Sandy loam: 7% (245 d) at
10°C

Clay loam: 14% (28 d) at
10°C

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 9% (245 d) at
10°C Loamy sand: 3% (363 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 6% (363 d) a t 10°C

Sandy loam: 7% (363 d) at
10°C

Clay loam: 8% (363 d) at
10°C

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: 8% (363 d) at
10°C
RPA 407922 (major) (E)

- (lRS)

- 5

- (4

- chloro

- 3

- hydroxybenzylidene)

- 2,2

- dimethyl

- 1

- ((lH)

- 1,2,4

- triazoll

- ylmethylj

cyclopentan

- l

- ol

A erobic soil 44802124
and
45749206 Clay loam: 15% (266 d)

Sandy loam: 6% (363 d)

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 2% (357 d) Clay loam: 12% (363 d)

Sandy loam: 6% (363 d)

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: 2% (357 d)

RPA 404766 (major) [(Z)

- 2

- (4

- chlo robenzy1idene)

- 5,5

- dimethy

- 1

- (1,2,4

- triazol

- 1

- ylmethyl)

- 1,3

- cyclopentandiol Soil photolysis 44802123 4% (30 d) 4% (30 d)

### 35 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aerobic soil 44802126 10% (365 d) 10% (365 d)

Aerobic soil 45749205 Sandy loam: 9% (100 d) at
25 °C

Sandy loam: 6% (365 d) at
10 °C Sandy loam: 4% (365 d) at
25 °C

Sandy loam: 6% (365 d) at
10 °C

Anaerobic
soil 44922308 2% (29 d) 2% (100 d)

Reg. No.
5059144 (minor)

Aerobic soil (49017701) CA Sand: 8% (3664 d)

NJ Loam (triazole): 6% (120 d)

NJ Loam (phenyl): 6% ( 63 d)

WI Sand: 6% (274 d) CA Sand: 8% (366 d)

NJ Loam (triazole): 4% (366 d)

NJ Loam (phenyl): 4% (366 d)

WI Sand: 5% (366 d)

### 36 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)
Reg. No.
5079285 (minor)

Aerobic soil (49017701) CA Sand: 9% (274 d)

NJ Loam (triazole): 7% (63,91 d)

NJ Loam (phen yl): 8% (63 d)

WI Sand: 8% (120 d) CA Sand: 8% (366 d)

NJ Loam (triazole): 4% (366 d)

NJ Loam (phenyl): 5% (366 d)

WI Sand: 6% (366 d)
RPA 404886 (minor) (E)

- (lS*,2R*)

- 5

- (4

- chlorobenzylidene)

- 2

- hydroxymethyl

- 2

- methyl

- 1

- ((1H)

- 1,2,4

- triazol

1

- ylmeth yl)

- cyclopentan

- 1

- 01

Aerobic soil 44802124
and
45749206 Clay loam: 2% (224 d)

Sandy loam: 4% (168 d)

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy
sand: 2% (140 d) Clay loam: < 1% (363 d)

Sandy loam: ND (363 d)

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: < 1.2% (357 d)

### 37 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)

Aero bic soil 44802125 Loamy sand: 2% (112 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 1% (112 d) at
10°C

Sandy loam: 2% (168 d) at
10°C

Clay loam: 2% (112 d) at 10°C

Speyer 2.2 artificial loamy

sand: 1% (84

d) at 10°C Loamy sand: 1% (363 d) at
22°C

Loamy sand: 1% (363 d) a t 10°C

Sandy loam: ND (363 d) at
10°C

Clay loam: ND (363 d) at
10°C

Speyer 2.2

artificial loamy sand: ND (363 d) at
10°C
RPA 405826 (minor) (E)

- 2

- (4

- chlorobenzylidene)

- 5

- hydroxymethyl

5

- methyl

- l

- (1H

- 1,2,4

- triazol

- l

- ylmethyl)

- cyclopentan

- 1

- 01

Anaerob ic
soil 44922308 < 1% (8 d) ND (100 d)

### 38 Code Nam e/ Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type Ref. (MRID) D Maximum %AR (day) Final %AR (study length)
1,2,4

- Triazole (minor) 1,2,4

- triazole

Aerobic soil (49017701) CA Sand: 3% (366 d)

NJ Loam: 3% (274 d)

WI Sand: 2% (366 d) CA Sand: 3% (366 d)

NJ Loam: 4% (366 d)

WI Sand: 2% (366 d)

1,2,4

- Triazole
Acetic A cid (minor) 2

- (1H

- 1,2,4

- triazol

- 1

- yl)acetic acid

Aerobic soil (49017701) CA Sand: 5% (274 d)

NJ Loam: 4% (184 d)

WI Sand: 1% (91 d) CA Sand: 3% (366 d)

NJ Loam: 4% (184 d)

WI Sand: 1% (366 d)

NS= Not Specified

A Illumination occurred for the e ntire duration of days reported in the table.

B ND means “not detected”.

C Terrestrial field study percentages represent the ratio of degradate concentration to the maximum parent concentration, both in the top layer of soil.

D Studies with MRIDs in parent heses are in review. Their data are provisional pending the review.

### 39 

## Appendix B

Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate Parameters of 1,2,4

- Triazole and Conjugates

Parameter Value* Description Source (MRID) Study Status

1,2,4

- Triazole

Persistence

Hydrolysis half

- life 303 days (DFOP) pH 5 acetate buffer at 25°C

00133373 Supplemental 421 days

(DFOP) pH 7 phosphate buffer at 25°C

98.7 days

(SFO) pH 9 borate buffer at 25°C

Aqueous photolysis
half

- life Stable pH 7 distilled water
temperatu re not reported 45284026 Supplemental

Aerobic soil
metabolism half

- life 378 days (DFOP) Les Barges (Swiss) silty loam 1 ppm applied pH 7.6 at 25°C 45284027 Supplemental

70.1 days

(IORE) Laacher Hof AXXa (German) sandy loam ~0.06 ppm applied pH 6.9 (H2 O) at 20±2°C

45284032 Supplemental 319 days (DFOP) BBA 2.2 (German) loamy sand ~0.06 ppm applied pH 6.19 (H2O) at 20±2°C

20.3 (IORE) Laacher Hof A III (German) silt loam ~0.06 ppm applied pH 7.88 (H2O) at 20±2°C

Stable (DFOP half

- life

1,530 days ) Standard Soil 2.2 50 ppm applied pH 6.0 at 22±2°C 45297203 Supplemental Stable (DFOP half

- life

1,550 days) Standard Soil 2.3 50 ppm applied pH 5.5 at 22±2°C

Anaerobic soil
metabolism half

- life 81.2 days (SFO) Les Barges (Swiss) silt loam pH 7.31 at 20 ±2°C 45930701 Acceptable

Mobility

Adsorption

– K f 0.84

1 /
n = 0.90 Alpaugh Silty Clay: 0.65% OC, soil pH 8.8, CEC 30.5 meq/100g

40891501 Acceptable 0.27

1 /
n = 0.63 Hollister Clay Loam: 1.74% OC, soil pH 6.9, CEC 16.9 meq/100g

0.23

1 /
n = 0.89 Lakeland Sand: 0.12% OC, soil pH 4.8, CEC 1.2 meq/100g

### 40 Parameter Value* Description Source (MRID) Study Status

1,2,4

- Triazole

0.73

1 /
n = 0.92 Lawrenceville Silty Clay Loam: 0.70% OC, soil pH 7, CEC 6.6 meq/100g

0.72

1 /
n = 1.02 Pachappa Sandy Loam: 0.81% OC, soil pH
6.9, CEC 11.1 meq/100g

0.56 MEAN Study conduct ed at 25±1°C

Adsorption

– K foc 129 Alpaugh Silty Clay: 0.65% OC, soil pH 8.8, CEC 30.5 meq/100g

48 Hollister Clay Loam: 1.74% OC, soil pH 6.9, CEC 16.9 meq/100g

202 Lakeland Sand: 0.12% OC, soil pH 4.8, CEC 1.2 meq/100g

104 Lawrencev ille Silty Clay Loam: 0.70% OC, soil pH 7, CEC 6.6 meq/100g

89 Pachappa Sandy Loam: 0.81% OC, soil pH
6.9, CEC 11.1 meq/100g

114 MEAN Study conducted at 25±1°C

Field Dissipation

Terrestrial Field Dissipation Half

- Life 445 days (IORE) Newto wn, Pennsylvania Silty Loam, 0

- 3” depth (leached to 6

- 12” segment; study sampled to 36” depth) 45284025 Supplemental

391 days

(SFO) Newtown, Pennsylvania Silty Loam, 0

- 3” depth (leached to deepest sampling depth of 6

- 12”) 00164564 Supplemental

525 days

(SFO) Cleveland, Mississippi Loam, 0

- 3” depth (leached to deepest sampling depth of 6

- 12”)

1,2,4

- Triazole Acetic Acid

Persistence

Aerobic soil
metabolism half

- life 5.01 days** (IORE) SP

- 2.1 (German) sand pH 5.2 at 20°C

46017601 Pending Review 6.27 days** (IORE) SP

- 2.2 (German) loamy sand pH 5.6 at 20°C

7.04 days** (DFOP) SP

- 2.3 (German) sandy loam pH 6.3 at 20°C

### 41 *All values have been re

- estimated by the authors of this document. Representative half

- lives are estimated SFO
half

- lives (f or EFED modeling inputs) from a degradation curve that does not necessarily follow the SFO equation. Representative half

- life values were calculated using nonlinear regression and SFO, DFOP, or IORE equations. The equations can be found in the document, St andard Operating Procedure for Using the NAFTA Guidance to Calculate Representative Half

- life Values and Characterizing Pesticide Degradation (US EPA 2012). Representative
half

- life values calculated in this table do not include unextracted residues.
**Th is aerobic soil metabolism study did not identify any conjugates or degradates of 1,2,4

- Triazole Acetic Acid, even though transformation products formed to upwards of 75% applied radioactivity. It is possible that 1,2,4

- Triazole Acetic Acid in combination with its conjugates of concern are persistent in aerobic soil, even though, based on the data in this study, 1,2,4

- Triazole Acetic Acid is not persistent in aerobic soil.

### 42 

## Appendix C

Summary of the Most Sensitive Endpoint Data for 1,2,4

- Triazole and Conju gates 1

Taxonomic

Group Study type Surrogate Species Toxicity MRID (classification) Comments

1,2,4

- triazole (aquatic toxicity)

Freshwater
fish Acute Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) 96 hr

- LC 50 = 498 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 378 mg ai/L
(mortality) 48474301 ( Acceptable) None

Chronic (28 day growth toxicity test) Rainbow trout
( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) LC 50 : > 100 mg/L
NOAEC (growth) ≥ 100 mg/L
NOAEC (sublethal effects) = 3.2 mg/L

LOAEC (sublethal effects) = 10.0 mg/L

Observed sublethal effects included multiple fish being inactive or displaying abnormally low activity, labored respiration, and lying
inactive on the bott om of the aquarium in the three highest concentrations tested between days 23
and

28. 45880405 (Supplemental) Supplemental
due to non

guideline study

Freshwater
Invertebrates Acute Water flea ( Daphnia magna ) LC 50 = 900 (730 to 2200, 95% C.I.) mg/L

. 00133381 Under Review

Acute Water flea ( Daphnia magna) 48

- hr EC 50 > 98.1 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 98.1 mg ai/L (based on mobility, highest concentration tested) 48453206 (Acceptable) None

Aquatic
Plants

- Non vascular Acute Freshwater Algae ( Pseudoki rchneriell a subcapitata, formerly
Selenastrum capricornutum ) 96

- hr endpoints:
Biomass (most sensitive):

EC 50 = 14 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 3.1 mg ai/L

Cell Density:

EC 50 = 18 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 6.8 mg ai/L

Growth Rate: 45880401 (Acceptable) None

### 43 Taxonomic

Group Study type Surrogate Species Toxicity MRID (classification) Comments

EC 50 > 31 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 6.8 mg ai/L

Acute Green algae ( Scenedesmus subspicatus ) EC 50 = 6.3 (5.5 to 7.1, 95% C.I.) mg/L 00133382 Under Review

1,2,4

- triazole (terrestrial toxicity)

Birds Acute Coturnix quail (Coturnix japonica) LD 50 >316 mg/kg bw 45284015 Under Revie w

Acute Bobwhite quail ( Colinus virginianus ) LD 50 = 770 mg/kg bw
NOAEL = 245 mg/kg bw

LOAEL = 392 based on reduced body weight and food consumption; other
observed effects included mortality and clinical signs of toxicity 49380701 (Acceptable) None

Mammals Acute Laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) LD 50 = 3650 mg/kg 45284001 Review not
available 2

Acute Laboratory Rat (M)
(Rattus norvegicus) LD 50 = 1375 mg/kg

LD 50 = 1648

- 3080 mg/kg 45284008

45284004,

45284001 Reviews not
available 2

Reproduction

a nd fertility
effects
0, 250, 500, 3000 ppm

M: 15, 31, 189
mkd

F: 18, 36, 218
mkd Laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) Parental: NOAEC/NOAEL <250 ppm/15 mg/kg/day LOAEC/LOAEL = 250 ppm/15 mg/kg/day based

on decrease in bodyweight, bodyweight gain and spleen w eight.

Offspring: NOAEC/NOAEL= <250 ppm/19 mg/kg/day LOAEC/LOAEL= 250 ppm/19 mg/kg/day based

on decrease in bodyweight, bodyweight gain, brain and spleen weights

Reproduction: NOAEC/NOAEL = 250 ppm/15 mg/kg/day Repro LOAEC/LOAEL = 500 ppm/31 mg/kg/day bas ed 46467304 (Acceptable) None

### 44 Taxonomic

Group Study type Surrogate Species Toxicity MRID (classification) Comments

on abnormal sperm and ↓ # of corpus luteum (CL)

in F 1 females
At 3000 ppm/218 mg/kg/day, reproductive failure (no viable offspring), ↑ CL in F 0 parental females

Developmental

Toxicity in

Rabbits

0,5,15,30,45 mg/kg/day New Ze aland white
rabbit Parental/ Developmental:

NOAEL= 30 mg/kg/day

LOAEL = 45 mg/kg/day based on mortality and clinical signs (decreased motor activity, head tilt, lacrimation, drooping eyelids, diarrhea and salivation) for parental
effects and decreased
feta l weight and urinary
tract malformations for developmental effects

Mortality (6/25 rabbits) in 45 mg/kg/day group 46492903 (Acceptable) None

Terrestrial
Invertebrates Acute and reproductive

(28 days) Collembolan (springtails) Species ( Folsomia candida) soil arthropods LC 50 >10 mg/kg
NOAEC (mortality) ≥ 10mg/kg
NOAEC (reproduction) = 1.8 mg/kg 45880404 (Supplemental) Non

- guideline study

Growth and reproductive (8 weeks, adult 28 day exposure,

additional 4 week offspring exposure) Earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) LC 50 > 70.81 ug/kg

NOAEC ≥ 70.81 ug/kg (highest concentration tested)
No significant treatment effects for mortality, behavior, body weights, reproduction or food consumption 45880402 (Supplemental) Non

- guideline study

Triazole alanine (aquatic toxicity)

No submitted data identifi ed

Triazole alanine (terrestrial toxicity)

Mammals 90

- day oral toxicity in
rodents

– rat Laboratory rat
(Rattus norvegicus) NOAEL = 90/160 mg/kg/day (M/F)

LOAEL = 370 /400 mg/kg/day (M/F) based 00164107 (Acceptable) None

### 45 Taxonomic

Group Study type Surrogate Species Toxicity MRID (classification) Comments

0, 1250, 5000, 20000 ppm

M: 0, 90, 370,

1510 mg/kg/day

F: 0,160, 400,

1680 mg/kg/day on decreased leukocyte
counts and decreased triglycerides in females

At 1510/1680 mg/kg/day (M/F) decreased body weight (M), body weight gain (M), leukocytes (M/F) and triglycerides (M/F)

Reproductio n and fertility
effects
0, 200, 2000, 10000 ppm M: (F0/F1) 0, 50/47, 213/192, 1098/929 mg/kg/day F: 0, 51/49, 223/199, 1109/988 mg/kg/day Laboratory rat
(Rattus norvegicus) Parental: NOAEC/NOAEL= 10000 ppm/929 mg/kg/day LOAEC/LOAEL : >10000 ppm/929mg/kg/day

Offspring: NOAEC/NOAEL <250 ppm/19 mg/kg/day LOAEC/LOAEL= 2000ppm/ 192 mg/kg/day based on

reduced mean litter weights in both generations
Reproduction: LOAEC/LOAEL >10000 ppm/929mg/kg/day 00164112 (Acceptable) None

Triazole acetic acid (aquatic toxicity)

Freshwater
Fish Acute Rainbow trout
( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) 96 hr

- LC 50 >101 mg ai/L
NOAEC = 101 mg ai/L
(mortality/sub

- lethal effects) 48453209 (Acceptable) None

Freshwater
Invertebrates Acute Water flea ( Daphnia magna) 48

- hr EC 50 > 108 mg ai/L

NOAE C = 108 mg ai/L (based on mobility, highest concentration tested) 48453208 (Acceptable) None

Triazole acetic acid (terrestrial toxicity)

Mammals Acute Laboratory rat
(Rattus norvegicus) LD 50 > 5000 mg/kg 45596802 Review not
available 2

14 day oral

toxi city in
rodents

0, 100, 1000, 8000 ppm Laboratory rat
(Rattus norvegicus) NOAEL = 788.3/703.5 mg/kg/day
(M/F)
LOAEL >788.3/>703.5 mg/kg/day (M/F) 45596801 None

### 46 Taxonomic

Group Study type Surrogate Species Toxicity MRID (classification) Comments

M: 0, 10.6, 102.8, 788.3 mg/kg/day

F: 0, 10.1, 97.2,

703.5 mg/kg/day

1 Many endpoints derived from summary document USEPA 2006 b. 1,2,4

- Triazole, Triazole Alanine, Triazole Acetic Acid: Human Health Aggregate Risk Assessment in Support of Reregistration and Registration Actions for Triazole

- derivative Fungicide Compounds.

2 Values taken from triazo le aggregate study referenced above, where it was noted that some values were from submitted summary data and full study reports were not available.

### 47 

## Appendix D

SIP Model Output

Table 1. Inputs

Parameter Value
Chemical name Triticonaz ole
Solubility (in water at 25 o C; mg/L) 9.9

Mammalian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 2000 Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg

- bw) 750 Mammalian test species laboratory rat Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian species

Avian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 1910 Avian test species northern bobwhite quail Body weight (g) of "other" avian species Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 236 Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 172 NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for other bird species Body weight (g) of other avian species NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for 2nd other bird species Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

Table 2. Mammali an Results

Parameter Acute Chronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 1.7028 1.7028 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 1538.3211 576.8704 Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0011 0.0030

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals

Table 3. Avian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 8.0190 8.0190 Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 1376.0204 11.7086 Ratio of exp osure to acute toxicity 0.0058 0.6849

### 48 Conclusion* Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential concern for birds Drinking water exposure alone is NOT a potential concern for birds

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does no t combine all routes of exposure. Therefore, when aggregated with other routes ( i.e ., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure through drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non

- target animals.



### STIR Mode l Output

Input Application and Chemical Information

Enter Chemical Name Triticonazole

Enter Chemical Use Turf Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 317.82 Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 0.00000001 Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 1.1

Toxicity Properties

Bird Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 1910 Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15 Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178

Mammal Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 2000 Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) 2.63 Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4 Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35

Output Results Avian (0.020 kg )
Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m3) 0.000171036

Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 2.15002E

- 05 Adjusted Inhalation LD50 14.0042303

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.53527E

- 06 Exposure not Likely Significant

Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.105672785

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 0.007545776 Exposure not Likely Significant

### 49 Results Mammalian (0.015 kg ) Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation (mg/m3) 0.000171036

Ma ximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 2.7026E

- 05 Adjusted Inhalation LD50 156.576512

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.72606E

- 07 Exposure not Likely Significant

Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 0.132831988

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 0.000848352 Exposure not Likely Significant

### 50 

## Appendix E

Bibliography of Submitted Studies



## Ecotoxicity

125620 Triticonazole Eco Effects Bibliography

71

- 1 Avian Single Dose Oral Toxi city

MRID Citation Reference

44922301 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M. (1991) RPA 400727: Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) to Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: RNP 379/911024. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 40 p.

44922302 Hakin , B.; Rodgers, M. (1991) RPA 400727: Acute Oral Toxicity (LD50) To Mallard Duck: Lab Project Number: RNP 378/911023. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 41 p.



## 71

- 2 Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID Citation Reference

448 02016 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M.; Anderson, A. et al. (1992) RPA 400727: Subacute Dietary Toxicity (LC50) to Mallard Duck: Lab Project Number: RNP 384/91681. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 60 p.

44922303 Hakin, B.; Rodgers, M .; Anderson, A. et al. (1992) RPA 400727: Subacute Dietary Toxicity (LC50) to Bobwhite Quail: Lab Project Number: RNP 387/91682. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 61 p.



## 850.2300 71

- 4 Avian Reproduction

MRID Citation Re ference

44802017 Taliaferro, L.; Brewer, L. (1995) The Reproductive Toxicity Test of RPA 400727 in Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus): Lab Project Number: 029406: 727

- TP

- 95

- 5500. Unpublished study prepared by Ecotoxicology and Biosystems Assoc iates, Inc. 247 p.

44802018 Taliaferro, L.; Miller, V. (1998) The Reproductive Toxicity Test of RPA 400727 with the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 029718: EBA

029718. Unpublished study prepared by EBA, Inc. 325 p.

47296304 Zok, S. (2007) BAS 595 F

- 1

- Generation Reproduction Study on the Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) by Administration in the Diet. Project Number: 2006/1026908,

### 51 71W0622/055033, 01Y0622/058037. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellsch aft. 319 p.



## 72

- 1 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID Citation Reference

44802019 Machado, M. (1998) RPA 400727

-- Acute Toxicity to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Lab Project Number: 92

- 8

- 4392: 10566. 0492.6239.105. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 62 p.

44802020 Odin

- Feurtet, M. (1998) Triticonazole Acute Toxicity (96 Hours) to Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhyncus mykiss ) Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Lab Project Number: SA
97447: RANDD/CRSA/ANL/97

- 046. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Agro. 68 p.

46021001 Chalmers, A. (2003) RPA

- 400727

- Acute Toxicity to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) Under Flow through Conditions. Project Number: B004375. Unpublished study p repared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 9 p.



## 72

- 2 Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID Citation Reference

44802021 Douglas, M.; Halls, R.; Macdonald, I. (1990) The Acute Toxicity of RPA 400727 to Daphnia magna: Lab Project Number : RNP 371/901398. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 24 p.

44802022 Putt, A. (1998) RPA 406203

-- Acute Toxicity to Daphnids (Daphnia magna) Under Flow

Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 6

- 7359: 10566.0498. 6493.115: 15530. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 71 p.

46021002 Chalmers, A. (2003) The Acute Toxicity of RPA 400727 to Daphnia magna. Project Number: B004377. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences, Ltd. 5 p.



## 72

- 3 Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID Citation Reference

44802023 Sousa, J. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Proje ct Number: 98

- 4

- 7298: 10566.1197.6457.505. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 70 p.

44802024 Dione, E. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Acute Toxicity to Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 5

- 7331: 10566.1197.6466.504. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 70

p.

### 52 44922304 Souza, J. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Acute Toxicity to Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 2

- 7257: 10566.1197.6455.515. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 85

p.

46021003 Chalmers, A. (2003) Triticonazole Technical

- Acute Toxicity to Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow

- Through Con ditions. Project Number: B004373. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 8 p.

46021004 Chalmers, A. (2003) Triticonazole Technical

- Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow Through Conditions. Project Nu mber: B004372. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 8 p.

46021005 Chalmers, A. (2003) Triticonazole Technical

- Acute Toxicity to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) Under Flow Through Conditions. Project Number: B004371. Unpubl ished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 9 p.



## 850.1400 72

- 4 Fish early

- life stage toxicity

- Marine and Fresh

44802026 Sousa, J. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Early Life

- Stage Toxicity Test with Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): F inal Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 5

- 7338: 10566.0298.6478.120. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 86

p.

44802027 Sousa, J. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Early Life

- Stage Toxicity Test with Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas ): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 6

- 7366: 10566.0598.6500.120. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 83 p. {OPPTS 850.1400}

46021006 Chalmers, A. (2003) Triticonazole Technical

- Early Life Stage Study with Fathead Minnow (Pi mephales promelas). Project Number: B004374. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories Inc. 24 p.

46876702 Cafarella, M. (2006) BAS 595 F (triticonazole)

- Early Life

- Stage Toxicity Test with Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Project Number: 986/6168, 138650, 2006/7007245. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 55 p.



## 850.1300 72

- 4 Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID Citation Reference

46876701 Putt, Arthur E. 2006. BAS 595 

### F ( Triticonazo 1e)

- Full Life

- Cycle Toxicity Test with Water Fleas, Daphnia magna , Under Static

- Renewal Conditions. Unpublished study performed by Springborn Smithers Laboratories, Wareham, MA. Laboratory report number 986.6170. Study sponsored by BASF Corporation, Resea rch Triangle Park, North Carolina. Study completed on June 26, 2006.

46021007 Chalmers, A. (2003) Triticonazole

- Daphnia magna Life Cycle (21

- Day Static Renewal) Chronic Toxicity Test. Project Number: B004376. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc

- Secteur Agro. 7 p.



## 850.1350 Mysid chronic toxicity test

### 53 46876703 Putt, A. (2006) BAS 595 F (Triticonazole)

- Life

- Cycle Toxicity Test with Mysids (Americamysis bahia). Project Number: 986/6167, 138656, 2006/7007246. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 68 p. Relates to L0001064.



## 850.1500 72

- 5 Life cycle fish

MRID Citation Reference

47622101 Zok, S. (2008) BAS 595F (Triticonazol)

- Life Cycle Test on the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in a Fl ow Through System. Project Number: 81F0622/055075, 2008/1028361. Unpublished study prepared by BASF SE. 269 p.



## 122

- 1 Seed Germination/Seedlin g Emergence and Vegeta tive Vigor

MRID Citation Reference

44802116 Teixeira, D. (1998) Triticonazole

-- Determination of Effects on Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor of Ten Plant Species: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 4

- 7310: 10566.1197. 6464.610. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 249 p.



## 122

- 2 Aquatic plant gr owth

MRID Citation Reference

44802117 Hoberg, J. (1998) Triticonazole

-- Toxicity to the Freshwater Diatom, Navicula pelliculosa: Amended Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 47302: 10566.1197.6461.440. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labor atories, Inc. 70 p.

44802118 Hoberg, J. (1998) Triticonazole

-- Toxicity to the Freshwater Green Alga, Selenastrum capricornutum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 3

- 7273: 10566.1197.6459.430. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 66 p.

44802119 Hoberg, J. (1998) Triticonazole

-- Toxicity to the Duckweed, Lemna gibba: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 4

- 7317: 10566.1197.6462.410. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 76 p.

44802120 Hoberg, J. (1998) Tri ticonazole

-- Toxicity to the Freshwater Blue

- Green Alga, Anabaena flos

- aquae: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 3

- 7286: 10566.1197.6460.420. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 65 p.

44802121 Hoberg, J. (1998) Triticonazole

-- To xicity to the Marine Diatom, Skeletonema costatum: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98

- 3

- 7278: 10566.1197.6458.450. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 68 p.

### 54 

## 141

- 1 Honey bee acute contact

MRID Citation Reference

448 02122 Collins, M. (1998) Triticonazole Technical

-- Acute Contact Toxicity Test with Honey Bees (Apis mellifera): Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97

- 11

- 7149: 13634: 10566.0997.6452.266. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 63 p.



## N on - Guideline Study

MRID Citation Reference

44802134 Pugsley, R.; Theissen, R. (1999) Probablistic Modeling of Triticonazole Exposure to Aquatic Nontarget Organisms and Assessment of Potential Exposure in Drinking Water Associated with Chipco Trito n Use on Turf: Lab Project Number: WEI 746. 10. Unpublished study prepared by Waterborne Environmental, Inc. 95 p.

### 55 

## E nvironmental Fate

125620 Triticonazole Fate Chemistry Bibliography

161

- 1 Hydrolysis

MRID Citation Reference

44 922305 Corgier, M.; Robin, J. (1991) (Carbon

- 14)

- RPA 400727: Hydrolysis at 25(degrees) C: Lab Project Number: 91

- 20: AG/CRLD/AN/9116312: RND/CRLD/AN/981612. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Secteur Agro. 59 p.



## 161

- 2 Photodegradation

- wat er

MRID Citation Reference

44922306 Corgier, M.; Robin, J. (1992) (Carbon

- 14)

- RPA 400727: Aqueous Photolysis: Lab Project Number: 91

- 50: AG/CRLD/AN/9216236: 429307. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Secteur Agro. 89 p.

47296302 Singh, M. (2007) Aqueous Photolysis of [Carbon 14]

- BAS 595 F (Triticonazole): Final Report. Project Number: 2007/7001058, 138659, AR07/046. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 181 p.



## 161

- 3 Photodegradation

- soil

MRID Citation Reference

44802123 Jones, M.; Ayliffe, J. (1998) Fungicides: Triticonazole: Soil Photolysis: Lab Project Number: P95/065: 201021. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone Poulenc. 117 p.



## 162

- 1 Aerobic soil metabolism

MRID Citation Reference

44802124 Aus tin, D.; Ayliffe, J. (1998) Fungicides: RPA400727

- (carbon

- 14): Aerobic Soil Metabolism in Three Soils: Lab Project Number: P91/326: 200159. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone Poulenc. 172 p. Related to L0000817.

44802125 Godward, P.; Ayliffe, J. (1993) Fungicides: RPA 400727

- (carbon

- 14): Rate of Degradation in Four Soils: Lab Project Number: P91/411. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone Poulenc. 76 p.

44802126 Doble, M.; Ferreira, E.; Hardy, I. (1996) (Carbon

- 14)

-- Triazole Labelled Triticonazole: Rate of Degradation in Clay Soil under Aerobic Conditions: Lab

### 56 Project Number: P94/158: 201171. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc. 88 p.

44922307 Doble, M.; Parsons, R. (1994) Fungicides: Triticonazole ((carbon

- 14) Phenyl): Soil Persistence Study Using Lysimeter Tubes: Lab Project Number: P91/393: 200248. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 123 p.

45749201 Huang, M. (2002) 1,2,4

- Triazole Analysis in Triticonazole Plant and Soil Studies: Lab Project Number: B003968. U npublished study prepared by Aventis Crop Science USA. 25 p.

45749203 Lowden, P. (2002) (Carbon 14)

- Triticonazole: Characterisation/Identification of Triticonazole Residues in Extracts of Soil Samples and Soil Samples Treated with (Carbon 14)

- Triticonaz ole, from Studies CX/01/010 and CX/01/011: Lab Project Number: CX/01/010: CX/01/011: C024884. Unpublished study prepared by Battelle AgriFood, Ltd. 90 p.

45749204 Lowden, P.; Simmonds, M. (2002) (Carbon 14)

- Triticonazole: Generation and Identification o f Soil Metabolites: Lab Project Number: CX/01/011: CX021044: 28047. Unpublished study prepared by Battelle AgriFood, Ltd. 80 p.

45749205 Simmonds, M.; Hardy, I.; Ferreira, E. (1996) Triticonazole: Rate of Degradation in One Soil Type under Aerobic Condi tions with Regard to Varying Temperature, Soil Moisture, Treatment Rate and Soil Viability: Lab Project Number: P 94/141: 201173: R012995. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 149
p.

45749206 Ayliffe, J.; McMillan

- Staff, S. ( 1994) Aerobic Soil Metabolism in Three Soils: RPA
400727

- (Carbon 14): Addendum Report: Lab Project Number: P91/326: 200471: R012981. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 48 p.

47296303 Afzal, J. (2007) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of BAS 595 F: Final Report. Project Number: 2007/7007035, 138662. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation. 81 p.



## 162

- 2 Anaerobic soil metabolism

MRID Citation Reference

44922308 Goodyear, A. (1994) (Carbon

- 14)

- RPA 400727: Anaerobic Soil Metabolism: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 68/136: 68/136

- 1015: P7662D. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Europe. 80 p.



## 162

- 3 Anaerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

44922309 McGhee, I.; Mac Connachie, J. (1999) (Carb on

- 14)

- Triticonazole: Anaerobic Aquatic Study: Lab Project Number: 12965: 201936. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

Poulenc Agriculture Limited. 99 p.

### 57 

## 835.4300 or 162

- 4 Aerobic aquatic metab.

MRID Citation Reference

44802127 Wyss

- Benz, M . (1995) (Carbon

- 14)

- RPA 400727: Degradation and Metabolism in Aerobic Aquatic System: Lab Project Number: 374850. Unpublished study prepared by RCC Umweltchemie AG. 144 p.

47296301 Malinsky, D. (2007) Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of [Carbon 14] BAS 595 F : Amended Final Report. Project Number: 138665, 2007/7013575, 2007/7009864. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corporation and Agvise, Inc. 78 p.



## 163

- 1 Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID Citation Reference

44802128 John, A.; Lowden, P.; Austin, D . (1998) (Carbon

- 14)

- Triticonazole Fungicides: RPA
400727

- (carbon 14) (Phenyl Label): Fresh and Aged Leaching Study with Five Soils (Final Report): Lab Project Number: P91/357: 200173. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc. 160 p.

44802129 Burr, C . (1998) (Carbon

- 14)

- Triticonazole Adsorption/Desorption to and from Four Soils and a Sediment: Lab Project Number: 12966: 201670. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc. 117 p.



## 164

- 1 Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID Citation Reference

44802130 Burns, G.; Gottschalk, R.; Tauber, R. (1998) Validation of the Method of Analysis for Triticonazole (RPA 400727) and its Metabolites in Soil and Turf: Lab Project Number: EC

- 97

- 410: 98RP26.REP. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc.
262 p.

44802132 See
MRID#
45064401 Norris, F. (1998) Triticonazole: Terrestrial Soil Dissipation After Preplant Application or Seed Treatment on Wheat: Lab Project Number: 45608: 97Z13032B. Unpublished study prepared by Enviro

- Test Laboratories and Agvise, Inc. 775 p.

44802133 Norris, F.; Burns, G. (1999) Storage Stability Study of Triticonazole and its Metabolites in Soil and Turf: Lab Project Number: ETL97RP03.PRO: EC

- 97

- 412: 99RP42.REP. Unpublished study prepared by Enviro

- Test Laboratories. 152 p. {O PPTS 840.1100}

44904512 Norris, F. (1999) Triticonazole: Terrestrial Soil Dissipation After Application to a North Carolina Turfed Soil: Lab Project Number: 98Z15601A: 45865: 99RP48.REP. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Ag Company, and Americ an Agricultural Company. 601 p.

### 58 44904513 Norris, F. (1999) Triticonazole: Continuation, After Four Months Post Application, of a Terrestrial Soil Dissipation Study Under Agricultural Field Conditions: Lab Project Number: 45863: 97Z13033A: 97Z13032A. Unp ublished study prepared by Rhone

Poulenc Ag Company, and American Agricultural Company. 1160 p.

44904514 Kretschmar, J. (1999) Triticonazole: Continuation, After Four Months Postapplication, of a Terrestrial Soil Dissipation Study Following Preplant App lication or Seed Treatment on Wheat: Lab Project Number: 45864: 97Z13033B: 99RP45.REP. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Ag Company, and Qualls Agricultural Laboratories. 900 p.

44922310 Norris, F. (1998) Triticonazole: Terrestrial Soil Dissip ation Study After Application to Turf and Bare Soil: Lab Project Number: 45596: 97Z13032A: 13032

- 01. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Ag Company. 1347 p.

45064401 See
MRID #
45064401 Norris, F. (1998) Triticonazole: Terrestrial Soil Dissipatio n After Preplant Application or Seed Treatment on Wheat: Lab Project Number: 45608: 97Z13032B. Unpublished study prepared by Aventis Cropscience. 293 p.

44904511 Wicks, R. (1996) Triticonazole: Terrestrial Field Soil Dissipation Study in Europe (Final R eport): Lab Project Number: P 92/029: 201284. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Agrochemie ADME Bioanalysis. 455 p.



## 165

- 1 Confined rotational crop

MRID Citation Reference

44995701 Lowden, P.; Maycey, P. (1996) (Carbon

- 14)

- Tritico nazole: A Confined Rotational Crop Study Using Radish, Lettuce and Wheat: Lab Project Number: P 93/192. Unpublished study prepared by Rhone

- Poulenc Ag Ltd. 401 p.



## 165

- 4 Bioaccumulation in fish

MRID Citation Reference

44922311 Chapleo, S.; Keirs, D.; Briggs, C. (1996) (Carbon

- 14)

- Triticonazole: Bioaccumulation Test in Bluegill Sunfish: Lab Project Number: 386722: 13148. Unpublished study prepared by Inveresk Research. 124 p. {OPPTS 850.1730}