Ivory Coast Ostracoda

(Suborder Myodocopina)

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 197
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 19 7

Ivory Coast Ostracoda

(Suborder Myodocopina)

Louis S. Kornicker

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1975
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Ivory Coast Ostracoda (Suborder Myodocopina). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 197, 46 pages, 32 figures, 1975.—This

is the first record of Ostracoda in the suborder Myodocopina from the continental shelf of the Ivory Coast. Only three species were in the collections:

Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894), Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and

Caraion, 1974, and Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species. Data are presented on the

intraspecific variability of the first two species. Supplementary descriptions are

presented of two additional species: Cycloleberis galathea Poulsen, 1965, and

Sarsiella murrayana Scott, 1894.

Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in

the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5271. SERIES COVER DESIGN:

The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-

Ivory Coast Ostracoda (suborder Myodocopina)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 197)

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:197

1. Myodocopa. 2. Crustacea—Ivory Coast. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 197.

QL1.S54. no. 197 [QL444.085] 591'.08s 595'.33 74-34068
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Station Data 1

Suborder Myodocopina Sars, 1866 3

Family Cylindroleberididae Miiller, 1906 3

Subfamily Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965 3

Genus Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920 3

Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894) 3

Genus Asteropteron Skogsberg, 1920 19

Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, 1974 21

A. setiferum variety A 23

A. setiferum variety B 32

A. setiferum variety C 36

Family Sarsiellidae Brady and Norman, 1896 36

Genus Sarsiella Norman, 1869 36

Sarsiella murrayana Scott, 1894 39

Family Rutidermatidae Brady and Norman, 1896 40

Genus Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896 40

Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species 40

Literature Cited 46

Ivory Coast Ostracoda

(Suborder Myodocopina)

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

Thirty specimens from 18 samples collected

along the Ivory Coast at depths of 10 to 80 m

(Figure 1) were received from Dr. P. Le Loeuff

and Dr. A. Intes of the Centre de Recherches

Oceanographiques, Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The collection contained three species: Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894), Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, 1974, and Rutiderma leloeuffi,

new species. The first species had previously been

reported from Sao Tome Island, Gulf of Guinea,

by Scott (1894), from off Mauritania by Klie (1943)

[as Cydasterope lobiancoi (G. W. Mtiller, 1894)],

and from off Spanish Sahara and Mauritania by

Kornicker and Caraion (1974); the second species

had previously been reported from off Spanish

Sahara and Mauritania (Kornicker and Caraion,

1974).

The relative abundance of specimens of Cycloleberis squamiger and Asteropteron setiferum

permitted study of the intraspecific variability of

these species. The opportunity is taken to present

herein supplementary descriptions of the lectotype of Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894), the

holotype of Cycloleberis galathea Poulsen, 1965,

and a syntype of Sarsiella murrayana Scott, 1894.

The latter specimen was collected from the vicinity of Sao Tome Island.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I wish to thank Dr. P. Le

Loeuff and Dr. A. Intes, Centre de Recherches

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560.

Oceanographiques, for the collection of Ostracoda

upon which this study is based and for the environmental data presented in the station data

herein. (Specimens deposited in the National

Museum of Natural History are indicated by the

abbreviation USNM. Specimens without USNM

numbers were returned to the Centre de Recherches Oceanographiques.) I also appreciate

the loan of type material from the British Museum (Natural History), the Hamburg Zoological

Museum, and the Zoological Museum of the

University of Copenhagen. The shaded drawings

of ostracode carapaces were prepared by Mrs.

Carolyn Gast. The map of the Ivory Coast, showing station localities, and the appendage drawings

were prepared by Mr. Paul Mazer. The assistance

of Mr. Walter R. Brown and Miss Mary Mann,

who operated the scanning electron microscope,

is acknowledged. I thank Dr. Raymond B. Manning for reviewing the manuscript.

Station Data

(Water temperatures and salinities from near bottom)

Station 1, 23 November 1966; off West Vridi, 5°08'05"N,

4°09'W; 80 m; small dredge; water temperature, 19.PC;

salinity, 35.74°/oo; sandy mud with 31% oolite.

Asteropteron setiferum variety B: 1 adult 9

Station 2, 29 September 1966; Grand Bassam; 5°06'N, 3°48'W;

40 m; small dredge; water temperature, 17.3°C; salinity,

35.65°/oo; sandy mud with 7% oolite.

Asteropteron setiferum variety B: 1 adult $

Station 3, 10 March 1966; Sassandra; 4°58'N, 6°\V; 10 m; small

dredge; water temperature, 23.9°C; salinity, 35.46°/oo;

very sandy mud.

Asteropteron setiferum variety C: 1 ovigerous 9
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 1.—Station locations off Ivory Coast.

Station 4, 23 November 1966; West Vridi; 5°12"N, 4°09'W;

40 m; small dredge; water temperature, 26.0°C; salinity,

35.51 °/oo; slightly muddy, fine sand with 8% oolite.

Asteropteron setiferum variety A: 4 adult 9 $, including 2

ovigerous

Station 5, 11 November 1966; Vridi; 5M4'N, 4"02'W; 20 m;

small dredge; water temperature, 26.5°C; salinity,

34J>4°/oo; medium sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult $

Station 6, 25 November 1966; East Jacqueville; 5°04'08"N,

4°20'05"W; 40 m; small dredge; water temperature,

26.1°C; salinity, 34.78°/oo; slightly muddy, fine sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult ,$

Station 7, 22 November 1966; Vridi; 5°14'01"N, 4°02'W; 15 m;

small dredge; water temperature, 27.4°C; salinity,

34.15°/oo; fine sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 juvenile $

Station 8, 9 September 1966; Vridi; 5°14'N, 4"02'W; 20 m;

small dredge; water temperature, 18.7°C; salinity,

35.62°/oo; medium sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult 9. ' juvenile $

Station 9. 10 March 1966; Sassandra; 4'54'N, 6°01'\V; 22 m;

small dredge; water temperature, 22.9°C; salinity,

3">.5O° 'oo; sandy mud.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult $

Station 10, 10 March 1966; Sassandra; 4°58'N, fi°W; 10 m;

small dredge; water lemperaturc, 23.9°C; salinity,

3">.46° 'oo; very sandy mud (same locality as Station 3).

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 ovigerous 9. ' juvenile <$

Station 11, 30 September 1966; Vridi: 5°14'N, 4°02'\V; 20 m;

small dredge; water temperature, 17.1°C; salinity,

35.71° 'oo; medium sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 2 adult 9 9

Station 12, 23 November 1966; West Vridi; 5"13'N, 4°09/W;

40 m; small dredge; water temperature, 23.6°C; salinity,

35.46°/oo; fine sand with mud traces and with 13%

oolite.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult $, 1 juvenile $

Asteropteron setiferum variety A: 1 adult 9 , 1 specimen of

undetermined sex.

Station 13, 28 September 1966; Grand Bassam; 5°09'07"N,

3"48'W; 25 m; small dredge; water temperature, 18.PC;

salinity, 35.69°/oo; oolitic sandy mud with 43% oolite.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult 9

Station 14, 23 November 1966; West Vridi; 5°13'N, 4"09'W;

20 m; small dredge; water temperature, 27.7°C; salinity,

34.07°/oo; medium sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 1 adult 9

Station 15, 24 November 1966, East Jacqueville; 5°11'N,

4°15'\V; 40 m; small dredge; water temperature, 24.2°C;

salinity, 35.27°/oo; medium sand.

Cycloleberis squamiger: 2 ovigerous 9 9, 2 juvenile £ $

Asteropteron setiferum variety A: 1 juvenile, sex undetermined

Station 16, 24 November 1966; East Jacqueville; 5*11'N,

4°15'05"W; 35 m; small dredge; water temperature,

25.6°C; salinity 35.05°/oo; medium sand.

Asteropteron setiferum variety A: 2 ovigerous 9 9

Station 17, 24 November 1966; East Jacqueville; 5°09'N,

4°15'\V; 50 m; small dredge; water temperature, 23.3°C;

salinity, 35.34°/oo; muddy sand.

Asteropteron setiferum variety A: 1 ovigerous 9

Station 18, 5 December 1973; off Grand Bassam, 5°I2'05"N,

3°49'05"\V; 20 m; Aberdeen grab of 0.1 square meter;

water temperature, 28.9°C; salinity, 34.4°/oo; fine sand.

Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species: 1 adult 9 or late instar
NUMBER 197

Suborder MYODOCOPINA Sars, 1866

This suborder is represented in the collection

from the Ivory Coast by two families, Cylindroleberididae and Rutidermatidae. A supplementary

description is also given herein of a member of

the family Sarsiellidae.

FamUy CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Muller, 1906

The family Cylindroleberididae contains two

subfamilies, Cylindroleberidinae Muller, 1906, and

Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965; only the latter is

represented in the collections.

Subfamily CYCLASTEROPINAE Poulsen, 1965

This subfamily is represented in the collections

by two genera, Cycloleberis and Asteropteron.

Members of this subfamily range from about 40°N

to 50°S; and they have a known depth range of 1

to 1100 m, but generally are collected in waters

shallower than 100 m.

Cenus Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920

The genus Cycloleberis is represented in the

collection by one species, C. squamiger (Scott,

1894). The species of this genus have a latitudinal

range of 41 °N to 47°S and a depth ranging from

intertidal to 1100 m, but usually they are collected

at depths below 65 m.

Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894)

FICURES 2-10, Uc-h

Asterope squamiger Scott, 1894:140, pi. 14: fig. 58; pi. 15: figs.

24, 28, 29, 31.—G. W. Muller, 1912:52 [Cypridinarum genera dubia et species dubiae].

Cyclasterope lobiancoi.—Klie, 1943:50, figs. 1-4.

Cycloleberis squamiger.—Kornicker and Caraion, 1974:47, figs.

24-31.

LECTOTYPE.—A juvenile instar in the British

Museum (Natural History) (registration number

1893.4.22.1) by subsequent designation (Kornicker

and Caraion, 1974).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Sao Tome Island, Gulf of

Guinea.

MATERIAL.—Ivory Coast specimens: 10 adult

females: USNM 143975 (sta. 15), 143979 (sta.

15), 149271 (sta. 14), 149272 (sta. 12), 149274A

(sta. 11), 1 specimen (sta. 11), 149275A (sta. 10),

149276 (sta. 13), 149277 (sta. 9), 149278A (sta.

8); 2 adult males, USNM 149280 (sta. 6), 149281

(sta. 5); juvenile males: USNM 143994, 143995

(sta. 15), 149273 (sta. 12), 1 specimen (sta. 10),

1 specimen (sta. 7), 1 specimen (sta. 8). The following specimens reported from Mauritania by

Kornicker and Caraion (1974) were restudied:

USNM 143798, an adult male; USNM 143993, an

A-l female.

Through the courtesy of Dr. Roger Lincoln, I

received from the British Museum (Natural

History) a specimen (in alcohol) which had been

identified by Scott (1894) as Asterope squamiger.

In addition to the name, the label contained the

words "Buccaneer, W. coast of Africa." The specimen is a complete, undissected juvenile 1.09 mm

long and 0.92 mm high. It obviously is one of the

two specimens reported by Scott (1894:140). Scott

gave the length as 1.15 mm, so it is possible that

the other specimen in the collection was slightly

larger than the one at hand. The specimen dissected and illustrated by Scott (1894:140, pi. 14:

figs. 56, 57; pi. 15: figs. 14, 22, 23, 26) could not

be located. The specimen on hand was designated

lectotype by Kornicker and Caraion (1974). I did

not dissect the specimen, but managed to draw the

distal parts of appendages protruding from the

shell and parts of appendages visible through the

shell (Figure 10). The presence of more than two

bristles on the end joint of the maxilla (Scott,

1894, pi. 15: fig. 26; and Figure lOg, herein) indicates that this species belongs in the Cyclasteropinae. The lack of ridges on the carapace restricts

the genera to which it could belong to Cycloleberis

and Cyclasterope. The latter genus has not been

reported from the Atlantic Ocean. Because a single species of Cycloleberis is abundant in shelf

and bathyl waters off Spanish Sahara and Mauritania (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974) as well as

off the Ivory Coast, I have assumed that it is conspecific with Scott's species, called Cycloleberis

squamiger (Scott) here and in the paper by

Kornicker and Caraion (1974).

I had borrowed, for another study (Kornicker

and Caraion, 1974), three specimens in the collection of the Hamburg Zoological Museum that

had been collected off Mauritania and had been
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

reported on by Klie (1943), who had identified

them as Cyclasterope lobiancoi (Miiller, 1894).

This material consisted of the following four

items:

1. One vial containing four disarticulated valves (2 lefts,

2 rights), one undissccted specimen (length 3.58 mm, height

3.04 mm), a label with the number "10," and a second label

stating, "Cyclasterope lobiancoi (G. W. Miiller) Mauritanien:

Muschelgrunde vor Port Etienne, 20-30 m, August 1923, fide

R. Ph. Dollfuss."

2. A glass slide containing appendages labeled, in black ink,

"$ Cyclasterope lobiancoi (G. W. Miiller) Mauritanien,

Glycerine gelatine, Gliedmassen einer Korperhalfte, Port

Etienne, August 1923, fide R. Ph. Dollfuss." On the label in

red ink are the numbers "1" and "10a." This slide contains

some appendages of a juvenile male.

3. A glass slide with appendages containing on the label,

in black ink, the same information as that in black ink on

the previous slide but also, in red ink, the numbers "2" and

"10b." The appendages on this and the previous slide are

from the same specimen.

4. A glass slide with appendages containing on the label,

in black ink, "$ Cyclasterope lobiancoi (G. W. Miiller)

Mauritanien, Glycerin gelatine, Fr. a1, a1, a2, M,M, m,m, mp1,

mp1, mp1, mp1, p, p, F, F, Port Etienne, August 1923, fide R.

Ph. Dollfuss." On the label in red ink is the number "10c."

The absence of the endopodite of the second antennae on the

slide prevents determination of the sex of the specimen, but I

have assumed it to be a juvenile male because of Klie's

description and because the appendages are about the same

size as those on slides 10 and 10b, but the presence of nine

secondary claws on the furca suggests that it could be an

adult female.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE (Figures 2-5,

6a-i, 7-9, \\c-h).—Carapace (Figures 2-4, 5a):

Without vertical rows of posterior hairs and without small indentation in posterodorsal margin as

on male; otherwise similar to that of male holotype (see Koi nicker and Caraion, 1974).

Size: USNM 143975, length 3.26 mm, height

2.58 mm; USNM 143979, length 3.21 mm, height

2.03 mm; USNM 149271, length 3.80 mm, height

3.01 mm; USNM 149272, length 3.30 mm, height

2.80 mm; USNM 149274A, length 3.91 mm, height

3. Hi mm; USNM 149274B, length 3.73 mm, height

2.92 mm; USNM H9275A, length 3.85 mm, height

3.13 mm; USNM 149276, length 3.53 mm, height

2.88 mm; USNM 149277, length 4.32 mm, height

3.69 mm; USNM 149278A, length 3.93 mm, height

3.14 mm. Range of length: 3.21-4.32 mm.

Micromorphology of Carapace (based on scanning electron microphotographs; Figures 3, 4): In

order to determine the effect of cleaning with a

sonic vibrator on the outer surface of the shell,

the left valve of USNM 149278A was photographed without treatment with the sonic vibrator

(Figures Se-i; 4a-cg-k) and the right valve of

USNM 149278A was photographed after treatment for about 10 seconds (Figures 3/-m; 4d—

f,l). The treatment had little effect on the appearance of the microstructure of the valves (compare

Figure Sf-i with Figure Sj-m). The microstructures of the female are similar to those described

for the male of the species by Kornicker and

Caraion (1974) except that the posterior end of

the valve of the female does not have bristles

FIGURE 2.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female,

length 3.93 mm, USNM 149378A: Stereo-pair of specimen

with left valve removed (to be viewed with stereoscope from

right side).
NUMBER 197

FICURE 3.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), right valve of adult female, length 3.26 mm, USNM

143975 (specimen not cleaned with sonic vibrator): a, lateral view, X 31; b, dorsal view, X 31;

c, incisur, lateral view, X 125; d, lateral surface showing bristle and vesicular pores, X 2000.

Left valve of adult female, length 3.93 mm, USNM 149278A (left valve cleaned with sonic

vibrator; right valve not cleaned): e, lateral surface showing bristles, a pore (arrow) and polygonal markings, left valve, X 400; /, bristle and shallow fossae shown in e, X 2000; g, surface

at base of bristle shown in /, X 10,000; h, pore shown in e (see arrow in e), X 10,000; i", base

of bristle shown in /, X 10,000. Right valve, USNM 149278A: ;, surface pore X 10,000; k, surface

bristle and fossa, X 2000; /, surface bristle emerging from open pore (note vesicular appearance

of valve surface), X 4000; m, surface at base of bristle shown in k (base of bristle is to upper

right of k), X 10,000. (Photos reduced to 55 percent for publication.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FicuRt 4.—Cyclolcberis squamiger (Scott), left and right valves of adult female, length 3.93 mm,

USNM 149278A (right valve not cleaned with sonic vibrator; left valve cleaned): a, anterior view

of tilted left valve (note incisur at bottom), X 60; b, edge of valve shown in a, X 250; c, edge

of valve shown in b viewed laterally, anterior of valve towards top, X 575; d, anterior view of

tilted right valve (note incisur, arrow), X 52; e, edge of valve shown in d viewed medially, X

535; /, surface bristle near base of lamellar prolongation (for location of bristle sec arrow in

e) X 5400; g, incisur and tip of rostrum (arrow) of left valve, medial view, X 118; h, ventral

margin near anterior of left valve, medial view (note lamellar prolongation of list, arrow, and

also that of selvage, arrow, X 520; i, posterior infold of left valve, X 350; /, bristles and pores

on list of posterior infold shown in i (for location sec arrow in i), X 900; k, minute process on

posterior list shown in / (for location see arrow in /), X II300; /, medial view of ventral margin

of right valve showing position of cpipodial appendage of left 5th limb (upper arrow) and left

6th limb (anterior of valve to left), X 100. (Photos reduced to 53 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 197

forming a verticle row. A scalloped border around

the anterior valve margin is shown in Figure

4a-d. Small bristles are present along the outer

edge of the scalloped border near the inner margin of the lamellar prolongation of the selvage

(Figure 4c,e,f). The outer surface of the lamellar

prolongation of the selvage is pustulose (Figure

4c,e,f). A fringed lamellar prolongation is present

along the anteroventral list (Figure 4g,h) similar

to that on the male (see Kornicker and Caraion,

1974). The channel formed between the list and

selvage may be used for circulating water into or

out of the carapace when the valves are closed,

possibly during feeding. The position of the epipodial appendage of the 5th limb and the 6th

limb relative to the channel is shown in Figure 41

and also in Figure 2. The distribution of bristles

and types of bristles on the infold of the female

(Figure 4g-l) are similar to those of the male

(see Kornicker and Caraion, 1974).

First Antenna (Figure 5b): 1st joint with

spines along ventral margin and on distal medial

surface; 2nd joint with spines along ventral margin, proximally on dorsal margin, and abundant

on lateral and medial surfaces; 4-6 spinous bristles of unequal length along dorsal margin; 4-7

short, slender bristles on distal lateral surface; 3rd

joint with 11-19 spinous bristles along dorsal margin and 1 short, bare bristle near middle of ventral margin; 4th joint with 1 long, spinous

terminal dorsal bristle and 4 or 5 spinous terminal

ventral bristles (3 or 4 short, 1 long); 5th joint

with convex dorsal margin; sensory bristle with 2

short proximal filaments and 12-14 long distal

filaments; medial bristle on 6th joint terminal

with minute plate at base. Seventh joint: a-claw

curving dorsally, with rounded tip; b-bristle about

2.5 times length of a-claw, with 12 marginal filaments; c-bristle about 1.75 times length of bbristle, with 8 marginal filaments. Eighth joint:

d- and e-bristles bare, longer than b-bristle; fbristle reflexed, about same length as b-bristle,

with about 6 marginal filaments; f-bristle about

same length as c-bristle, with about 11 marginal

filaments; g-bristles longer than f-bristle, with

about 14 filaments.

Second Antenna (Figure bc,d): Protopodite

with short, slender medial bristle, numerous hairs

along ventral margin and medially near dorsal

margin. Endopodite 3-jointed: 1st joint with 1-4

proximal bristles on or near protopodite and with

5 or 6 distal ventral bristles; 2nd joint with 0-4

distal ventral bristles; 3rd joint with long terminal bristle; all endopodite bristles bare. Exopodite: 1st joint with short terminal medial spine

and groups containing 2 or 3 teeth forming rows

on lateral side near dorsal margin or along dorsal

margin; joints 2-8 with short spines forming row

along distal margin and slender basal spines; 9th

joint with short, slender lateral spine and 5 bristles—3 long, 1 medium, 1 short (dorsal); bristles

on joints 2-8 and 3 long bristles on joint 9 with

ventral marginal spines along proximal part; all

exopodite bristles with natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure be-h): Coxale endite with

medial bristle near base; ventral branch with 6

oblique rows of spines; distal row on USNM

142795B with 3 spines with bulbous tips (foreign

growth?), no bulbous tips on USNM 143795A;

tip of ventral branch with 3 teeth, dorsal of these

longer than others and with minute terminal

teeth; ventral margin of dorsal branch with 2

short, double teeth followed by 2 short, single

teeth and 4 slender, recurved teeth; the 4 short

teeth with spines or teeth along posterior margins, the 4 slender, recurved teeth with spines

along anterior margins; long bristle with few hairs

present at tip of dorsal branch; short spines present on narrow ridge along dorsal margin of tip of

dorsal branch.

Basale endite with 7 short bristles with spineformed tips and 22 longer pectinate bristles with

minute triaenid tips, longest of the pectinate

bristles terminal; dorsal margin of basale with 4

short, bare bristles and 2 terminal bristles with

long marginal spines; ventral margin of basale

with 12 short bristles with triaenid tips and about

15 pairs of marginal spines near tip, and following these 1 slightly longer bristle and 1 very long

bristle, both with long marginal spines; medial

surface with 5 minute bristles with spine-formed

tips near ventral margin, and long hairs forming

clusters on proximal dorsal half. Exopodite reaching distal end of 1st endopodite joint, hirsute;

ventral margin with bare midbristle slightly longer

than exopodite, and a 2nd bristle just distal to

midbristle and about one-half its length. Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint with 6 mediumlength, slender bristles with short marginal spines

and 2 long, stout bristles with long marginal
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 197

spines; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 slender

subterminal bristles and 2 terminal bristles, all

with short marginal spines; dorsal margin and

medial surface of 2nd joint with abundant bristles; end joint with 3 long, bare, clawlike bristles,

1 long lateral bristle, and 2 short ventral bristles.

Maxilla (Figure bi,j): Epipodite narrow,

pointed, bare, about two-thirds length of basale.

Protopodite of USNM 143975 with 1 short and 4

long bristles adjacent to scythe-shaped bristle,

followed by group of 8 spinous bristles of various

length and then 6 short, bare bristles with bases

on medial side (for range of total number of protopodial bristles see Table 1); lateral side of basale

with 1 short bristle; medial surface with 6-22 short,

spine-tipped bristles forming row proximally near

dorsal margin, 1 short, spine-tipped bristle ventral

to above bristles, and 3-7 short bristles and 1 long

(ventral to others) spine-tipped bristle forming

row along terminal margin; distal dorsal margin

with 1 long and 5-15 short, spine-tipped bristles;

ventral margin with 16-18 short, bare bristles, 1

long spinous bristle (distal to others), and 1 long,

bare terminal bristle, all bristles spine-tipped;

dorsal margin of basale proximal to distal bristles

and medial surface spinous; medial surface with

long, stiff hairs proximally near middle. Exopodite

minute, with 3 bristles of unequal length (Figure

5/). Endopodite: 1st joint with spine-tipped bare

bristle near middle of dorsal margin, 1 long

P-bristle with few marginal spines, and hairs on

medial surface; 2nd joint with 6 bare bristles (2

long, 1 medium, 3 short), some spine-tipped, some

with faint marginal spines.

Fifth Limb (Figure 5k): Epipodial appendage

with 96 bristles, anterior and posterior bristles

FIGURE 5.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female: a,

outline of left valve, lateral view, length 3.26 mm; b, left 1st

antenna, medial view; c, protopodite of left 2nd antenna,

medial view; d, distal part of protopodite, endopodite, and

1st joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e,

left mandible, medial view (coxale endite and some medial

bristles of 2nd endopodial joint not shown); /, coxale endite

of left mandible, medial view; g, tip of dorsal branch of

coxale endite shown in / (hairs on dorsal bristle not shown);

h, exopodite of left mandible, medial view; i, left maxilla,

medial view; ;', detail of maxilla shown in i showing exopodite (arrow); k, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view; /, left

6th limb, medial view. (USNM 143975: a-e, h-l. USNM

143979: /, g. Same magnification in micrometers: b,c,e,i,l;

f,h,k; d,j.)

shorter than those in middle part. Comb (Figure

bk): dorsal margin hirsute, with 4-12 minute

bristles; anterior margin hirsute; ventral and anterior margins with spinous bristles; lateral surface with 15 bristles: 2 slender, spinous bristles

near anteroventral margin; 1 stout, spinous bristle near middle, 12 bristles with bases ventral and

posterior to stout bristle (includes 1 long, spinous

bristle, 5 minute, bare bristles near base of stout

bristle, and 6 short, spinous bristles near ventral

margin).

Sixth Limb (Figure 5/): Shape similar to that

of male; anterodorsal corner with about 8 minute,

broad medial spines; medial side of protopodite

just within anterior margin with 1 small, bare

bristle followed by 2 rows of spinous bristles extending to upper suture (inner row of 15 bristles

short, stout; outer row of 29 bristles slightly longer

and more slender); 3 somewhat longer bristles

present just above upper suture; 11 spinous,

slender bristles forming single row on medial surface near anterior margin between upper and

lower sutures; 1 much longer, spinous medial

bristle above lower suture; medial surface near

anterior margin with about 27 slender, spinous

bristles along anterior edge; ventral margin with

about 72 short and long bristles in addition to

about 20 minute bristles (the minute bristles, most

short bristles, and some long bristles have bases

on medial surface, remaining bristles have bases

on ventral margin); extended posterior tip with

2-6 spinous bristles; 2-4 short, bare bristles in

place of epipodial appendage; limb hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figures 7, 8): Broad, distal onethird with 77 bristles, 37^10 on each side, each

bristle with 3-7 bells; most rings with 2 bristles

(1 on each side), some distal rings with 3 (1 or 2

on each side); terminus with opposing combs,

each with about 25 teeth with pectinate margins.

Micromorphology of Seventh Limb (based on

scanning electron microphotographs; Figure 7):

Terminal end of each limb with 2 opposing

combs; each comb with 3 types of teeth, called

here A-, B- and C-teeth (Figure 8). Six A-tceth in

middle of each comb curving inward; middle

tooth longer than side teeth; each tooth with 2

well-developed secondary teeth near middle of

each margin followed by 2 or 3 large, less welldeveloped teeth; tip either smooth or with minute

nodular teeth and with pore (Figure lh,k). Two
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

or 3 B-teeth on each side of the A-teeth bearing

about 6 well-developed secondary teeth proximally and about 12 smaller teeth distally along

each margin; tip bearing numerous nodular teeth

(Figure 7/); no pores observed at tips but presumed to be present. About 5 C-teeth at each end

of the comb bearing proximally about 10 long

secondary teeth, that together are frondlike, and

distally about 12 short secondary teeth (Figure

Id/:).

Furca (Figure 6a-c): Each lamella with 3 main

claws followed by 8-10 (usually 9) secondary

claws; primary claws with 2 rows of teeth (1 medial, 1 lateral); both rows formed of large teeth

separated by 2 or 3 minute teeth; hairs along convex margins of main claws; concavity in lamella

between bases of claws 1 and 2 with greatest depth

46 to 86 percent of greatest width;

 1 concavity on

lamella between claws 2 and 3 with greatest depth

61 to 100 percent of greatest width; projections of

lamella forming bases of claws 1—3 with medial

hairs forming 2 rows; secondary claws with distal

spines and midteeth along anterior and posterior

margins; secondary claws 1 and 9 smaller than

secondary claw 2; secondary claws decrease slightly

in diameter posteriorly along lamella; secondary

claws 2-4 slightly shorter than secondary claws

5-8; secondary claws 2-9 decrease slightly in diameter proximally along lamella; base of claw 4 offset very slightly inward from claw 5; short segment

following lamellae with long hairs forming row;

secondary claw 1 of USNM 143975 immediately

adjacent to main claw 3 on left lamella but located

almost the width of base of claw 3 posterior to

claw 3 on right lamella.

Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Medial eye and

rod-shaped organ similar to those on adult male

(Figure 6d); lateral eye (Figures 6e, 9a,b) about

one-half size of eye of male but with about same

number of ommatidia (5 rows with about 12-14

ommatidia per row).

Upper Lip: Consisting of 2 anterior, ovate, hirsute lobes with saddle between them and 2 posterior lateral flaps (Figure bd).

1

 Greatest width was obtained by measuring the distance

between the bases of adjacent main claws where they join

the lamella. Greatest depth was obtained by measuring the

length of the longest line that could be drawn from the

concave part of the lamella between adjacent claws perpendicular to a line drawn between the bases of the claws.

Posterior: Dorsum fringed with long hairs;

small lobe, without hairs, present in place of dorsal process; few minute spines present on margin

dorsal to small lobe.

Gill-like Processes: Broad, terminating in acute

angle.

Y-Sclerite: Slightly arcuate with down-curving

anterior tip (Figure 6g,h)-

Genitalia and Brushlike Organ (Figure 6/):

Genitalia ovoid; brushlike organ with 15 minute

bristles adjacent to genitalia.

Eggs: USNM 143975A with 28 eggs in marsupium; USNM 143979, 22 eggs; USNM 149271, 38

eggs; 149275A, 26 eggs.

Ectozoa: Protistan attached to endopodite of

left 2nd antenna (Figure 6t).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE

(Figure 6;).—Specimens from Ivory Coast smaller

than specimen from Mauritanian coast described

by Kornicker and Caraion (1974): USNM 149280,

length 3.96 mm, height 2.87 mm; USNM 149281,

length 3.60 mm, height 2.41 mm. Shape of comb

of 5th limb similar to that described by Kornicker

and Caraion. Distribution of bristles on the 2

FIGURE 6.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female,

USNM 143975: a, right lamella of furca (marginal spines and

teeth of claws not shown except on claw 2); b, marginal

teeth on middle part of anterior claw of right and left

lamella of furca, right lamella to right (lateral view), left

lamella to left (medial view); c, left lamella of furca showing

spacing between claws (not all claws shown), medial view;

d, anterior of body showing medial eye, proximal part of rodshaped organ, anterior processes, and upper lip (note protistan on rod-shaped organ); e, outline of left lateral eye,

anterior towards left; /, left genitalia and brushlike organ;

g, sclerites in vicinity of furca, anterior to left, note Y-sclerite

(arrow); h, Y-sclerite shown in 6g; i, protistan attached to

endopodite of left 2nd antenna. Adult male, USNM 149281:

/, outline of right valve, length 3.60 mm. A-l female, USNM

143978, specimen from research vessel Cornide de Saavedra,

station 14 off Mauritania (see Kornicker and Caraion, 1974,

fig. 1): k, lateral outline, length 3.77 mm, height 3.06 mm;

/, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; m, distal

part of basale of maxilla (medial bristles not shown). Juvenile female, USNM 143976, specimen from research vessel

Thalassa, station X044 off Mauritania (see Kornicker and

Caraion, 1974, figure 1); H, lateral outline of carapace, length

2.45 mm, height 2.05 mm; o, protopodite of left 2nd antenna,

medial view; />, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral

view; q, distal margin of basale of left maxilla, medial view;

r, anterior four claws of right lamella of furca, lateral view

(marginal teeth of claws not shown). (Same magnification in

micrometers: a,c-e,g,l,7n,o; h,q,r; b,f,i,p.)
NUMBER 197 11
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 7.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female, USNM I49278A, 7th limb: a, distal part,

X 200; b, tip of limb shown in a, X 500; c, comb bristles shown in b (for location see left

arrow in b) X 2700; d, midbristles in b, X 5000; c, bristles to right of middle in b, X 3000; /,

end view of limb, X 500; g, same, X 1230; h, bristles forming lower comb shown in / (sec

arrow in /), X 1790; i, same, X 2465; /, bristles forming upper comb shown in /, X 2465; k,

bristles on left end of comb shown in /, note pore, X 11,000; /, tip of midbristles of comb (for

location see arrow in g), X 8830. (Photos reduced to 54 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 197 13

Ivory Coast specimens and that on the specimen

from Mauritania are compared in Table 1.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALES.

—My measurements of 2 left valves of specimens

from Mauritania reported on by Klie (1943):

length 4.51 mm, height 3.46 mm; and length 3.96

mm, width 3.27 mm. Dimensions of Ivory Coast

specimens: USNM 143995, length 2.96 mm, height

2.52 mm; USNM 149273, length 2.98 mm, height

2.41 mm; USNM 149287B, length 3.03 mm, height

2.38 mm; USNM 149273, length 2.67 mm, height

2.06 mm; USNM 149275B, length 3.44, height 2.79

mm. Appendages of Klie's specimens and an A-l

male from Mauritania reported on by Kornicker

and Caraion (1974) are compared in Table 1.

DESCRIPTION OF A-l FEMALE (Figure 6k-m).—

Morphological characteristics of an A-l $ (USNM

143993) from Mauritania reported by Kornicker

and Caraion (1974) are presented in Table 1.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILES.—See Figures 6n-r,

10, Ug,h.

COMPARISONS.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi (Miiller,

1894) is very close to C. squamiger and perhaps

they should be considered conspecific. I have kept

them separate because of a small difference in the

armature of the 6th limbs. The single female of

C. lobiancoi described by Kornicker (1974) bears

five epipodial bristles on one 6th limb and four

on the other; whereas, of the 12 6th limbs on

adult females of C. squamiger examined herein,

one had four epipodial bristles and the remaining 11 had only two or three. Additional collections of C. lobiancoi are needed from the vicinity

of the Gulf of Naples to assess the variability of

that species.

Cycloleberis galathea Poulsen, 1965, is based on

a juvenile (A-l instar) female (holotype) and a

juvenile male. In describing the female 6th limb

Poulsen states: "Along the anterior side of the

protopodite is a row of abt. 12-14 short plumose

bristles, and at the distal end of this row one

longer bristle with a few shorter marginal hairs."

Because the 6th limbs of C. squamiger contained

many more bristles along the anterior margin of

the protopodite, I borrowed the holotype of C.

galathea from the Copenhagen Museum and upon

examination found more anterior bristles on the

protopodite of the 6th limb (Figure 12/) than

given in Poulsen's description. The anterior margins of the protopodites of C. galathea and C.

squamiger bear about the same number of bristles

(compare Figures 5/ and 12/). The left 1st antenna illustrated by Poulsen (1965, fig. 87b) bears

six dorsal bristles on the 1st joint, a number

which rarely occurs on C. squamiger. The left 1st

antenna in the vial, however, bears only five bristles (Figure 12a). The right 1st antenna was not

present in the vial. The endopodites of the 2nd

antennae in the vial also differed somewhat from

the endopodite illustrated by Poulsen (1965, fig.

87c). The 1st joint of the endopodite of the left

limb bears two proximal bristles close to the protopodite and six distal bristles (Figure 12c); no

bristles were observed on the 2nd joint; the 3rd

joint bears one long terminal bristle (Figure 12c).

The endopodite of the right limb bears three

proximal and six distal bristles on the 1st joint,

one distal bristle on the 2nd joint, and one long

terminal bristle on the 3rd joint (Figure I2d).

The proximal part of the 1st joint on the right

limb also bears three or four strands of a foreign

growth. Each strand is segmented and resembles a

bristle except for being more slender and having

parallel sides. Poulsen (1965, fig. 88b) illustrated

the comb of the left 5th limb. The right 5th limb

has the same number of dorsal bristles (Figure 12c).

The protopodite of the 2nd antenna of C.

FIGURE 8.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female,

USNM 149278A, comb teeth of 7th limb: a, typical A-tooth

in middle of comb; b, typical B-tooth on each side of midbristles; c, typical C-tooth at each end of comb. (Note terminal pores.)
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

galathea has, in addition to the ventral hairs mentioned by Poulsen (1965:262), several medial

hairs near the dorsal margin (Figure 12b). Hairs

occur in that locale on both C. squamiger and C.

lobinncoi. Several segmented strands of a foreign

growth were observed along the dorsal margin of

the protopodites of both limbs of the holotype of

C. galathea (Figure 12g).

The juvenile male of C. galathea described by

Poulsen (1965:267) is unusual in having 10 proximal bristles on the 1st joint of the endopodite of

the 2nd antenna. Although I have not seen the

specimen, I suggest that some of the "bristles" may

actually be strands of foreign growth that strongly

resemble bristles, like those on Poulsen's female.

The epipodite of both the left and right maxillae

of the juvenile male has a distal bristle not found

on the female or on any other species in the family. If this is not a strand of a foreign growth, it

may be an aberration and not a character useful

for taxonomic discrimination.

Cycloleberis galathea is very similar to C. squaTABLE 1.—Variability in appendages of Cycloleberis squamiger

(specimen length and height, in mm, are in parentheses)

Appendage

First antenna (bristles)

2nd joint: dorsal-lateral

3rd joint: dorsal-ventral

4th joint: dorsal-ventral

Sensory bristle: proximal-distal filaments . ..

Second antenna

Protopodite: medial hairs near dorsal margin .

Endopodite (bristles)

1st joint

2nd joint

3rd joint: proximal-terminal

Exopodite

1st joint: lateral teeth along dorsal margin

9th joint: bristles

Maxilla

Protopodite: bristles

Basale (bristles)

Dorsal margin: proximal-distal

Ventral margin

Medial side: distal

End joint: terminal bristles

Fifth limb

Comb: dorsal bristles

Sixth limb

Epipodial bristles

Posterior end bristles

Seventh limb

Bristles

Comb teeth

Furca

Secondary claws

Concavity between claws 1 & 2*

Concavity between claws 2 & 3'

Adult females

USNM

143975"

(3.26,2.58)

USNM

143979'

(3.21,2.63)

USNM

149277

(4.32, 3.69)

USNM

149271"

(3.80, 3.01)

USNM

149274A

(3.91,3.16)

USNM

149276

(3.53,2.88)

USNM

149272

(3.30, 2.80)

Left Right Left Right L.eft Right Left Right Right Left Right Left Right

5-4 5-4 4-5 4-5 5-7 6-7 4-7 4-6

15-1 14-1 14-1 13-1 19-1 17-1 14-1 14-1

1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-4

2-14 2-14 2-14 2-14 2-14 2-? - -

many many many many many many many many

3-6 4-5 4-5 4-6 1-5 2-6 3-6 2-6

2 111 4 3 0 0

0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1

strong strong strong strong faint faint faint faint

5555555 5

22

4-7

14-1

1-4

-

many

2-6

2

0-1

faint

5

4-6

-

_

-

-

2-6

1

0-1

_

5

4-5

13-1

1-4

2-?

many

2-6

0

0-1

faint

5

5-5

11-1

1-4

2-12

5-4

11-1

1-4

2-12

many many

1-5

1

0-1

faint

5

2-5

0

0-1

faint

5

19

22-15

20

8

6

21-14

20

7

6

18-13

20

7

6

18-14 -

20

6

6

14-10

-

6

_

12-11

-

6

_

?-I3 14-11

20

6

_ _

13-11

18

5

6

6-5

13

5

_

8-5

14

4

6

10 12

3 2 334 3 - 2

6 2 66666 6

2 3

6 5

77

50

9

82

83

—

-

9

46

100

-

-

9

86

86

-

-

10

73

86

-

-

9

53

75

9

46

61

9

60

80

9

48

82

8

61

91

* Ovigcrous females; remaining specimens not known to be adults with absolute certainty.

b

 Specimens from Mauritania reported by Kornicker and Caraion (1974).

c

 Specimens from Mauritania reported by Klie (1943), in Hamburg Zoological Museum.

d

 Terminal bristle minute.

* Given as greatest depth of concavity as percentage of greatest width.
NUMBER 197 15

miger and the two may be conspecific. Both species

are recognized herein because the basale of the

maxillae of both the juvenile male and female of

C. galathea described by Poulsen (1965) bear

only four distal bristles on the dorsal margin. Of

the 23 specimens of C. squamiger studied herein,

only one limb (on an adult male) contained four

bristles there (Table 1); the remaining limbs had

more (5-15, average 11). Additional collections of

C. galathea are needed to determine its variability.

Moguilevsky and Ramirez (1970) considered

their new species, Cycloleberis poulseni, to have

concavities between the main furcal claws not

deeper than a semicircle. However, applying the

formula derived herein (see footnote, page 10) to

their illustration of the left lamella (Moguilevsky

and Ramirez, 1970, fig. 3), the maximum depth

of the concavity between the 2nd and 3rd claws is

75 percent of the maximum width, which is much

deeper than a semicircle. Their species differs from

C. squamiger in having four short proximal filaments on the sensory bristle of the 1st antenna,

USNM

143798»

(4.55,3.10)

Left

5-6

16-1

1-5

0

bare

1-4

7

1-0

faint

5

18

19-13

16

5

6

Right

5-6

16-1

1-5

0

bare

1-3

8

1-0

faint

5

-

19-12

17

5

6

Adult males

USNM

149280

(3.96, 2.87)

Left

5-7

18-1

1-5

0

bare

1-4

6

1-0

faint

5

16

4-6

13

5

6

Right

5-6

17-1

1-5

0

bare

0-4

5

faint

5

-

4-4

12

5

USNM

149281

(3.60,2.41)

Left

4-5

15-1

1-5

0

bare

2-4

6

1-0

faint

5

-

11-12

12

5

6

A-l

USNM

143993*

(2.52, 2.08)

Left

3-3

4-1

1-2

2-8

many

2-2

0

0-1

faint

4

10

14-10

14

3

6

Right

-

-

2-1

0

0-1

faint

4

-

-

females

USNM

143978b

(3.77,3.06)

Left

5-4

11-1

1-3

2-12

many

2-4

3

faint

5

-

18-10

16

5

5

Right

*t-4

10-1

1-3

3-12

many

2 ^

3

faint

5

-

Klie

(4.51

Left

3-7

13-1

1-4

2-13

-

faint

5

-

17-10 24-15

17 21

5 6

A-l

10cc

, 3.46)

Right

3-6

14-1

1-5

2-13

-

-

faint

5

15

25-15

22

6

6

males

Klie Wa-b'

(3.96, 3.27)

Left

4-5

11-1

1-4

3-12

-

?-4

2

1-0

faint

5

-

13-11

14

5

5

Right

4-4

12-1

1-4

3-13

-

2-4

2

faint

5

18

10-10

15

5

5

Adult

females

(4-6)-(4-7)

(11-19)-1

l-(4-5)

2-(12-14)

many

0-4

0-1

faint-strong

5

17-22

(6-22)-(5-15)

18-20

4-8

6

Range of variability

Adult

males

(4-5)-(5-7)

(15-18)-1

1-5

0

bare

(0-2)-(3-4)

5-8

1-0

faint

5

16-18

(4-19)-(4-13)

12-17

5

6

A-l

males

(3-5)-(4-7)

(10-14)-l

l-(3-5)

(2-3)-(12-13)

many

2-4

2-3

faint

5

15-18

(10-24)- (10-15)

14-22

5-6

5-6

4-7 7-13

3

3

67

64

9

47

72

3

5

68

64

9

52

79

3

5

66

56

9

65

67

—

-

-

9

52

60

2

4

-

9

52

68

2

3

34

48

8

33

61

—

-

_

-

8

46

83

3

4

73

50

8

46

96

3

4

69

60

8

65

81

3

5

95

68

9

93

93

3

5

98

68

9

82

96

2

4

65

68

8

73

96

2

3

69

64

8

50

90

2-4

2-6

8-10

46-86

61-100

2-3

3-5

66-68

56-64

9

47-65

60-79

2-3

3-5

65-98

50-64

8-9

50 93

81-96
K 9.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), adult female, USNM 149278A: a, left lateral eye, X

240; b, detail of ommatidia in a, X 2000; c, part of upper lip, X 2415; d, part of upper lip,

X 6040; e, left end of central adductor muscles, anterior to left, X 125; /, detail of e, X 500.

(Photos reduced to 82 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 197 17

more lateral bristles (10) on the 2nd joint of the

1st antenna, more recurved spines (4) following

the main spine on the dorsal branch of the coxale

endite of the mandible, and a larger carapace

(length 5.30 mm). I was unable to obtain specimens of C. poulseni for comparative purposes.

Adult males have been described for only two

species of Cycloleberis: C. bradyi Poulsen, 1965

(Poulsen, 1965:268), and C. squamiger (Scott)

(Kornicker and Caraion, 1974). Both species have

a large, hooklike process at the middle of the dorsal margin of the comb of the 5th limb. The process, absent on the A-l male, probably is used by

the adult male for clasping the female during

copulation. The dorsal margin of the comb of C.

squamiger has a rounded protuberance anterior

to the hooklike process, but this process is absent

on C. bradyi.

The brief description of "Cypridina (?) bradyi"

De Folin, 1871, given by De Folin (1871:245) leads

\ e

50

FIGURE 10.—Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott), lcctotypc, juvenile: a, outline of specimen, length

1.09 mm; b, left 1st antenna, lateral view (only a-claw of end joints shown); c, end of right

1st antenna, medial view; d, part of protopodite and exopodite of left 2nd antenna (only

proximal parts of exopodial bristles shown); e, tip of right mandible, medial view; /, distal part

of left mandible, lateral view; g, tip of left maxilla, medial view; h, left lateral eye, anterior

to left. (Specimen not dissected; appendages drawn were either protruding from shell or visiblethrough shell. Same magnification in micrometers: b-d,g,h; e,f.)
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

me to believe that this species may belong in the

genus Cycloleberis, and, if so, could be a senior

synonym of Cycloleberis squamiger. At the present state of our knowledge concerning De Folin's

species, however, it seems best to leave the species

where it was referred to by Miiller (1912:50):

"Cypridinidarum genera dubia et species dubiae."

DISTRIBUTION.—Cycloleberis squamiger is now

known from the lagoon at Sa- Tome Island, Gulf

of Guinea, where it was collected in a night surface tow; from the continental shelf of Spanish

Sahara at a depth of 53 m; from the continental

FIGURE 11.—Dentition on anterior end of dorsal margins of valves of Cycloleberis galathea

Poulsen, holotype, A-l female: a, denticles of left valve, medial view; b, denticles of right valve,

medial view. Dentition on anterior end of dorsal margins of Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott): c,

dentition of right valve on USNM 149274B, adult female, medial view; d, detail of dentition in

c; e, dentition of left valve of USNM 143975, adult female, medial view; /, dentition of joint

of right and left valves viewed from right, USNM 149274A, adult female, anterior of specimen

towards right (left valve overlaps right along part of dorsal margin shown; row of denticles to

left belongs to left valve, that to right belongs to right valve); g, denticles on left valve of

specimen described by Klic (1943) (see section on "Material"); h, detail of denticles shown in

g, medial view. (Same magnification in micrometers: c,f,g; a,d,e,h)
NUMBER 197 19

g

FIGURE 12.—Cycloleberis galathea Poulsen, holotype, A-l female: a, joints 1 and 2 of left 1st

antenna, lateral view; b, distal end of protopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, comb

of right 5th limb (small exopodial bristles obscure, hairs and ventral bristles not shown); /,

proximal part of left 6th limb, medial view; g, segmented strands of foreign growth on dorsal

margin of protopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view. (Same magnification in micrometers:

a,e; b-d,f,g.)

slope of Mauritania at a depth of 1100 m; and

from the continental shelf of the Ivory Coast at

depths of 10 to 40 m.

Genus Asteropteron Skogsberg, 1920

This genus is represented in the collections by

three varieties (A, B, and C) of Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, 1974. Members of

this genus range from about 33°N to 37°S and

from intertidal depths to 1100 m, but most occurrences are shallower than 100 m.

One of the criteria specified by Kornicker and

Caraion (1974:75) for distinguishing A. setiferum

from Asteropteron nodulosum Poulsen, 1965, was

the presence of fewer coarse fossae on the carapace

of the former. In the present work, specimens with

many fossae are included in A. setiferum (varieties

B and C have many fossae, whereas variety A has

few). The absence of a U-shaped ridge in the

posterodorsal part of the carapace of A. setiferum

remains a criterion for distinguishing that species

from A. nodulosum. Adults of only the female of

A. setiferum and the male of A. nodulosum are

known, making comparison difficult. In general,

the carapaces of adult females of A. setiferum are

smaller than carapaces on most nodose species of

the genus and, also, mandibles have more bristles

on the basale (Figure 14). Information is required about the adult stage of juveniles from

South Africa identified by Hartmann (1974) as

Asteropteron aff. nodulosum Poulsen (1965:235)

and Asteropteron cf. nodulosum Poulsen (1965:

372) before they can be identified with certainty.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 2.—Comparison of appendages of Asteropteron setiferum (varieties A, B,

C) from the Ivory Coast arranged by USNM specimen number (specimen length

and height, in mm, are in parentheses; plus sign indicates presence of character;

minus sign indicates lack of observations)

Appendage

Variety A Variety B

128851

(2.45,1.84)

left right

143996

(2.34,1.72)

left right

149283

(2.33,1.73)

left right

149282 149285

(2.24,1.73) (2.22,1.89)

left right left right

Variety C

149284

(2.24,1.74)

left right

First antenna (bristles)

2nd joint: dorsal-lateral

3rd joint: dorsal-ventral

4th joint: dorsal-ventral

Sensory bristle: proximaldistal filaments

Second antenna

Protopodite: medial spines

near dorsal margin

Endopodite (bristles)

1st joint

2nd joint

3rd joint

Exopodite: bristles on

9th limb

Mandible (bristles)

Basale, dorsal margin:

proximal-distal

Total

Endopodite

1st joint: ventral

2nd joint: ventral

Maxilla (bristles)

Endites I and II: long/short

Basale (bristles)

Dorsal margin

Proximal

Distal, long-short

Medial side, distal

Ventral margin,

short-long

Endopodite (bristles)

1st joint

End joint

Exopodite (bristles)

Epipoditc: hirsute

Comb of 5th limb (bristles)

Dorsal margin:

proximal-distal

Exopodial

Sixth limb

Number of anterior sutures

Bristles dorsal to lower

suture: outer rowinner row

5-0

3-1

1-3

5-0

3-1

1-3

2-4 3-4

9 11

0 0

1 1

5-9 5-10

14 15

5/1- 4/1-

2/11 2/10

12 11

4-9 4-8

3 3

13-1 8-1

3

yes

?-3 8-4

8 8

21-13 19-12

5-0 5-0

3-1 3-1

1-3 1-3

3-4 3-4

3-12 3-11

15 14

5/2- 5/1-

1/8 1/10

3 9

2-7 4-7

3 3

9-1 9-1

no(r) no(?)

6-6 8-4

8

4-0 5-0

3-1 3-1

1-3 1-3

2-4 3-4

6-0

3-1

1-3

6-0

2-1

3-2

2-4 2-4

5-0 5-0

3-1 3-1

1-3 1-2

2-4 2-4

5-11 6-13 10-16 11-15 13-17 17-22

16 19 26 26 30 39

5/1- 5/2-

1/10 1/10

12 12

5-5 4-6

3 3

8-1 8-1

4 4

5 5

3 3

yes yes

6-4 3-5

7 8

5/2- 5/2-

1/5 1/6

12 8

4-4 4-6

2 2

7-1 9-1

1 1

5 5

3 2

yes yes

3-3 3-3

- 6

1 1

6/2- 5/2-

1/5 2/5

15 14

5-6 4-7

3 2

7-1 7-1

- 21-11 21-11 21-12 23-9

4

5

3

yes

7

2 2

23-13 24-13

5-0 5-0

3-1 3-1

1-3 1-3

- 2-4

4-6

3-9 3-11

12 14
NUMBER 197 21

TABLE 2.—Continued

Appendage

Variety A Variety B

128851 143996 149283

(2.45, 1.84) (2.34, 1.72) (2.33, 1.73)

left right left right left right

149282 149285

(2.24, 1.73) (2.22, 1.89)

left right left right

• Variety C

149284

(2.24, 1.74)

left right

Bristles between suture:

outer row-inner row

Bristles between lowermost

suture and lateral flap ...

Ventral bristles including

those on flap

Medial dwarf bristles

Epipodial bristles

Seventh limb

Marginal bristles

Segments with 2 bristles

on one side

Comb:

A-teeth

B-teeth

Total

Furcal claws: main-secondary

Brushlike organ (bristles)

4-1 4-2

7 6

27 25

28

1 1

52

6

51

9

29

37

3-7 3-7

- 4-1

6 7

30 26

28

1 1

48 48

8

7

29

36

3-9

7

6

29

36

3-8

4-2 4-1

4 4

23

42

1 1

43 43

30

38

3-7

7

28

35

3-7

1

6

28

34

1

25

28

1 1

34 37

7

29

36

3-9 3-8

5-1 4-1

4 4

25 25

26

1 1

34 33

0

7

27

34

3-7

0

6

26

32

3-8

35

2

3-7 3-8

Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion,

1974

FIGURES 13-26

Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, 1974:66, figs.

37-43.

HOLOTYPE.—Number 271, a female (length 2.70

mm) in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

TYPE - LOCALITY. — Thalassa station X044,

20°09'06"N, 17°48/09'/W, 1100 m, Mauritania.

MATERIAL.—Four adult females, USNM 128851,

143996, 149283, and 149319, from station 4; 1

adult female, USNM 149282, from station 2; 1

adult female, USNM 149284, from station 3; 1

adult female, USNM 149285, from station 1; 1

adult female from station 15; 1 adult female from

station 17; 1 adult female and 1 specimen of undetermined sex from station 12; 2 adult females

from station 16.

The collection from the Ivory Coast contained

13 specimens in the genus Asteropteron. The specimens are slightly smaller (length 2.22-2.62 mm)

than the unique female of A. setiferum from the

Mauritanian coast (length 2.70 mm). The specimens from the Ivory Coast vary considerably in

carapace morphology and in the number of bristles on the dorsal margin of the mandibular

basale; and, initially, I thought them to be three

new species. However, because of having only a

single specimen of one of the proposed new

species and only two specimens of the second, and

because of the variability of the third species, I

found it expedient to refer all the specimens to

A. setiferum, which if not conspecific with the

Ivory Coast specimens is more closely related to

them than are other species of the genus. But in

order not to lose information, I have assigned the

Ivory Coast specimens to three varieties: A, B,

and C. The appendages of variety A are described

and illustrated (Figures 13a,6; 15-20a-/). The

distribution of bristles on all three varieties is

given in Table 2. Carapaces of the three varieties

are illustrated (Figures 13, 15-18, 21-25).

The carapace of variety A has fewer fossae than

carapaces of varieties B and C. Also, the carapaces

of varieties B and C bear a prominent node posterior to the middle; the node is absent or subdued on carapaces of variety A. The specimen of

A. setiferum from Mauritania has a carapace

similar to that of A. setiferum variety A except

for being larger (2.34-2.59 mm for variety A; 2.70

mm for Mauritanian specimen).
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Four of the five specimens of variety A examined bear a total of 14-19 bristles on the dorsal

margin of the mandibular basale (Figure 14). The

fifth specimen bears 30 or 31 bristles. The Mauritanian specimen bears 35 bristles. The two specimens of variety B in the collection bear 26-39

bristles on the dorsal margin of the mandibular

basale. The single specimen of variety C in the

collection bears 12 or 14 bristles.

Specimens of variety A were collected at five

stations at depths of 35-50 m between Jacqueville

and Vridi. Specimens of variety B were collected

FIGURE 13.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornickcr and Caraion. carapaces: a, b, lateral and dorsal

views of A. setiferum variety A, USNM 128851; c, lateral view of A. setiferum variety B, USNM

149285; d, lateral view of A. setiferum variety B, USNM 149282; e, lateral view of A. setiferum

variety C, USNM 149284.
NUMBER 197 23

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0'

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

A. magnum

•

A.

•

A. skogsbergi

•

A hulingsi

•

-

A spinosum

i i i

hirsutum

A. nodulosum

•

\~ *-variety C

• i i i

A setiferum—>.

__————-—^—

^ = * variety A *"""

/

2

ill !

holotype (Mauritania)-^

—•——*x

variety B—^ \

10 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

BRISTLES ON DORSAL MARGIN OF MANDIBULAR BASALE

34 36 38 39 40 42

FIGURE 14.—Relationship between carapace length and number of bristles on the dorsal margin

of the mandibular basale of nodose species of Asteropteron of which adults are known. (Datum

points on each end of a horizontal line indicate left and right appendages of the same specimen.)

at two stations at depths of 40-80 m between

Jacqueville and Grand Bassam, and farther from

shore than the specimens of variety A. The

unique specimen of variety C was collected at a

station near Sassandra at a depth of 10 m.

DISTRIBUTION.—Asteropteron setiferum is now

known from the continental shelf off Spanish

Sahara at a depth of 53 m, from the continental

slope off Mauritania at a depth of 1100 m, and

from the continental shelf off the Ivory Coast at

depths of 10-80 m.

A. setiferum variety A

FIGURES 13a,fc; 15-20<i-/

MATERIAL.—One ovigerous female (USNM

128851) and 3 nonovigerous adult females (USNM

143996, 149283, 149319) from station 4; 1 ovigerous

female from station 17; 2 ovigerous females from

station 16; 2 ovigerous and 2 nonovigerous females

from station 12; 1 ovigerous female from station 15.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (based mainly on

USNM 128851, 143996, 149283; Figures 13a,6,

15-20a-/).—Carapace: Similar to that of unique

specimen described by Kornicker and Caraion

(1974) from off Mauritania.

Infold: Rostral infold with cluster of about 12

long and short bristles near rostral tip, row of 49

long and short bristles (29 long, 20 short) forming row parallel to anterior margin; 42 short

bristles between row of bristles and anterior margin of carapace; 1 short, stout bristle dorsal to

inner end of incisur; about 28 minute bristles

between row of bristles and inner margin of infold; about 8 very short bristles forming row on

anterodorsal infold (this row is continuation of

anterior row of long and short bristles); 3 minute

bristles posterior to inner end of incisur; antero-
FIGURE 15.—Asteropleron setiferum variety A, adult female, USNM 143996, companion of valves

treated and untreated with sonic vibrator: a, right valve (cleaned with sonic vibrator), X 42;

b, left valve (not cleaned), X 42; c, detail, from a, of fossae in vicinity of central muscle scars,

X 340; d, same, from b, X 340; e, detail, from a, of hair and surface textures between fossae,

X 5000; /, same, from b, X 5000. (Photos reduced to 75 percent for publication.)
FIGURE 16.—Asteropteron setiferum variety A, adult female, USNM 143996, right valve and

segment along dorsal margin of left valve: a, dorsal view (cleaned with sonic vibrator), X 42;

b, detail, from a, of dorsal margin (upper half of photograph is of left valve, lower half of right

valve; for location see arrow in a), X 1050; r, tubular processes along dorsal margin of right

valve, X 10,000; d, protistan on right valve (for location sec arrow on Figure 15«), X 525; e,

detail, from d, showing base of protistan, X 1500; /, right valve, medial view, X 42; g, detail,

from /, showing central muscle scars, X 340; h, detail, from g, showing individual scar with

ends of muscle connected to it, X 2000; i, detail, from h, showing muscle fibers attached to shell,

X 5000; /, detail, from /, showing posterior infold (posterior end of valve at bottom of photograph), X 300; k, detail, from /, showing list (for location see arrow in /; open pores probably

contained bristles at one time), X 1000; /, detail, from k, showing tubular process with pore at

base and minute process (for location sec arrow in k), X 5000. (Photos reduced to 54 percent for

publication.)
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

i
NUMBER 197 27

ventral infold with about 10 bristles forming row

near middle and about 8 minute bristles or pores

near outer edge; distinct list near inner margin

of infold extending from below incisur to posterior end of ventral infold; ventral infold near list

with 11 widely spaced, short bristles; total of 21

short bristles and 8 minute bristles or pores between list and outer edge of infold; posteroventral

infold with about 15 short bristles forming row

posterior to list; posterior infold with outer row

of 11 short bristles and inner row of 15 short and

about 19 minute bristles (bristles of inner row on

broad list); 9 short bristles forming row ventral to

inner row; outer margin of posterior infold (edge

of valve) forming right angle near valve middle.

Central Adductor Muscle Scar: Consisting of

about 21 individual ovoid scars (Figure 19a).

Size: USNM 128851, length 2.45 mm, height

1.84 mm; USNM 143996, length 2.34 mm, height

1.72 mm; USNM 149283, length 2.33 mm, height

1.73 mm; USNM 149319, length 2.42 mm, height

1.89 mm; specimen A from station 12, length 2.38

mm, height 1.80 mm; 2 specimens from station

16: specimen A, length 2.39 mm, height 1.87 mm,

and specimen B, length 2.45 mm, height 1.86 mm;

specimen B from station 12, length 2.62 mm,

height 1.82 mm; specimen from station 15, length

2.53 mm, height 1.94 mm.

Micromorphology of Carapace (based on scanning electron micrographs; Figures 15—18): Kornicker and Caraion (1974) described carapace

morphology of the holotype of A. setiferum

treated with a sonic vibrator prior to freeze-drying.

To assess the effect of the sonic vibrator, the right

valve of USNM 143996 was vibrated and the left

valve was not. The left and right valves are compared in Figure 15 (right valve, a,c,e; left valve,

b,d,f). Most large fossae are visible on the untreated valve but are partly filled with a debrisFIGURE 17.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion,

variety A, adult female, USNM 143996, segment of right valve

sliced with razor blade: a, lamellar prolongation along ventral margin, medial view, X 1020; b, detail, from a, of outer

margin of lamellar prolongation (for location see arrow in a),

X 11,500; r, detail, from a, showing cross section of ventral

margin, X 1050; d, detail, from c, showing laminated structure of shell near ventral margin (for location see arrow in

c), X 5250; e, lamellar prolongation of selvage, lateral view,

X 1600; /, detail, from e, showing ridges on outer surface of

lamellar prolongation (for location see arrow in e), X 3000.

(Photos reduced to 84 percent for publication.)

like substance (compare c and d of Figure 15). The

surface between large fossae, which has shallow

fossae and a reticulate structure on the treated

valve, is covered by an amorphous layer on the

untreated valve (compare c and d, Figure 15, and

e and /, Figure 15). Smooth clumps of material

scattered on the surface of the unvibrated valve

may be a foreign growth (Figure 15f).

The fossae and microstructure of the valve surfaces are similar to those on A. setiferum described

previously (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974). To

that description may be added that short bundles

of polygonal tubes project inward along the dorsal

margin of each valve (Figure I6a-c).

In order to determine the relationship between

tubes within fossae (Figure 18a) and the haemocoele of the animal, the freeze-dried and goldplated right valve of USNM 143996 was cut in two

with a razor blade and the cut edges examined

with the scanning electron microscope. Surprisingly, the tubes are merely surface ornamentation

with no connection with the haemocoele, and

they are not evident in cross sections of the shell

except in the thin surface layer (Figure 186-/).

The distribution and types of bristles and pores

on the infold of A. setiferum were described by

Kornicker and Caraion (1974). Similar bristles

and pores are on the specimens of A. setiferum

variety A examined herein (Figure 16/-/).

Each central adductor muscle consists of several

clusters of individual strands at its point of attachment with the shell (Figure 16/-i). The structure

is quite unlike the undivided muscle of Cylindroleberis bacescui Kornicker and Caraion (1974,

fig. 16c,e).

The lamellar prolongation along the ventral

margin is faintly striate medially (Figure 17a)

and bears minute denticulations along the margin (Figure 176). The outer side bears ribs which

decrease in height distally (Figure Me,f). The

laminated internal structure of the shell and infold along the ventral margin is shown in Figure

17r,d.

First Antenna (Figure 196): 1st joint with

long hairs on medial and lateral surfaces near

ventral margin, short spines forming clusters on

medial surface near distal dorsal corner, and

longer spines forming clusters on medial surface

near distal dorsal corner; 2nd joint with spines

along ventral and proximal dorsal margins and
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 197 29

with 5 spinous dorsal bristles—4 proximal, 1 distal (2nd proximal bristle missing on right limb of

USNM 128851); 3rd joint with 1 short ventral bristle and 3 dorsal bristles (1 near middle, 2 terminal); 4th joint with 1 long, spinous terminal

bristle on dorsal margin and 3 terminal bristles

on ventral margin (1 long, spinous, 2 minute,

bare); sensory bristle of 5th joint with 2 or 3 short

proximal filaments and 4 long terminal filaments;

lateral surface of 5th joint with hairs forming row

along dorsal half of terminal margin; 6th joint

with short medial bristle near middle of terminal

margin. Seventh joint: a-claw slightly longer than

joints 5 through 8, ringed in distal part; b-bristle

with 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip; cbristle slightly longer than b-bristle, with 7 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. Eighth joint:

d- and e-bristles bare, about same length as

c-bristle; f-bristle about same length as c-bristle,

with 8 filaments including tip; g-bristle longer

than others, with 9 filaments including tip.

Second Antenna (Figure \9c,d): Protopodite

with medial bristle and numerous short spines

forming rows on medial surface near dorsal margin; several short hairs present on posterior part

of dorsal margin. Endopodite: 3rd joint fused

with 2nd and no suture evident between them;

1st joint with 9-12 bristles; 2nd joint bare; 3rd

joint with long, bare terminal bristle. Exopodite:

1st joint with short distomedial bristle; bristles on

2nd and 8th joints and 3 long bristles of 9th joint

with slender spines proximally along ventral margin and with natatory hairs; 9th joint with 1

medium-length bristle and 1 short bristle with

natatory hairs, in addition to 3 long bristles.

Mandible (Figure \9e-g): Coxale endite (Figure 19e): Ventral branch with 2 clusters of long

hairs followed by 6 or 7 rows of stout spines; tip

with 2 stout teeth (a 3rd tooth might have broken

off the specimen examined); minute bristle on

FIGURE 18.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion,

variety A, adult female, USNM 143996, right valve sliced with

razor blade: a, fossa on outer surface of valve, X 1000; b,

cross section through fossa, X 1100; c, detail from b (note that

tubular processes do not continue through shell), X 5775;

d, cross section through fossa different than that shown in b,

X 8250; e, cross section through different part of fossa shown

in d, X 8250; /, inner side of valve showing absence of reflection of fossa present on outer surface (cut edge of valve

is towards top of photograph), X 1100. (Photos reduced to

83 percent for publication.)

endite near base of ventral branch; ventral margin of dorsal branch with 4 knobs followed by

short main spine with serrate posterior margin;

about 15 spines forming row on lateral side of

branch proximal to main spine; tip of dorsal

branch with short spines forming cluster at base

of terminal bristle; margin between main spine

and terminal bristle serrate. Basale: endite with

about 7 pectinate terminal bristles, 6 triaenid

bristles, 3 dwarf bristles (distal of these longer

than others), and glandular peg with about 14

pores; ventral margin of basale with 3 or 4 triaenid bristles having a pair of spines much longer

than others, 2 or 3 short, spinous proximal bristles, 1 long, spinous bristle, and 3 or 4 short,

spinous distal bristles; dorsal margin of basale

and lateral surface near dorsal margin with total

of 14-19 bristles—3-6 proximal, 9-13 distal (for

total numbers of bristles on other specimens see

Table 3 and Figure 14); medial surface near dorsal margin hirsute. Exopodite hirsute, slightly

longer than dorsal margin of 1st endopodite

joint, with 2 subterminal bristles, both with short

marginal spines (proximal bristle longer than

distal bristle). Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st

joint with 2 long, stout proximal bristles with

long marginal spines and 1 shorter bristle near

middle with short marginal spines; medial surface

of 2nd joint with spines forming rows in distal

half; ventral margin with 3 spinous terminal

bristles; dorsal margin with about 35 bristles

(some of these of triaenid type); end joint with 2

short, spinous bristles on ventral corner, 1 long

lateral bristle with short marginal spines, 1

straight, clawlike bristle with marginal spines on

dorsal edge of terminal margin, 1 long, slightly

curved, bare, clawlike bristle on ventral end of

terminal margin, 1 long (longer than other clawlike bristles), slightly recurved, clawlike bristle

medial to others and near middle of terminal

margin.

Maxilla (Figure 19/i): Epipodite long, slender,

tapering to point, few to many hairs observed;

endite I with 5-7 bristles (4 or 5 long, 1 or 2

short); endite II with 1 long, stout, hirsute bristle, 0 or 1 long, slender bristle, and 8-11 short

bristles. Basale: dorsal margin with 9-12 (left

limb of USNM 143996 with only 3) proximal

bristles of varying length and with 5-9 short and

4 or 5 (left limb of USNM 143996 with only 2)
30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

O

50
NUMBER 197 31

TABLE 3.—Number of bristles on the dorsal margin

of the mandibular basale of seven specimens of A.

setiferum variety A from five stations

Station

4

4

4

12

15

16

17

Specimen

USNM 128851

USNM 143996

USNM 149283

A

-

B

-

Left limb

14

15

16

14

21

17

31

Right limb

15

14

19

no data

18

17

30

long distal bristles; medial side hirsute, with 3

distal bristles; ventral margin with 8-13 short

bristles and 1 long terminal bristle on lateral side

at end of baleen comb. Exopodite consisting of 3

bristles (1 long, 2 short), but no definite lobe observed. Endopodite: medial side of 1st joint

hirsute; dorsal margin with 2-4 short bristles;

ventral margin with 1 long, spinous [5-bristle; end

joint with 5 spinous bristles.

Fifth Limb (Figure 19i): Epipodial appendage

with 79 bristles. Comb: dorsal margin hirsute,

with 6—12 short bristles (3-8 proximal, 3-6 distal).

Lateral surface with stout, spinous exopodial

bristle, a pair of short, slender bristles posterior

to stout bristle, and 4 slender bristles near ventral

margin posterior to stout bristle; 1 or 2 bristles

on medial side with bases almost on ventral

margin.

Sixth Limb (Figure 19;): Anterodorsal corner

with short marginal spines; anterior margin with

1 or 2 sutures; margin above lower suture with

medial bristles forming inner row and outer row;

inner row with 9-13 short bristles with long hairs

along proximal two-thirds; outer row with 19-23

longer plumose bristles (the one at suture longer

FIGURE 19.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion,

variety A, ovigerous female, USNM 128851: a, central adductor muscle attachment scars on right valve, lateral view;

b, right 1st antenna, lateral view; c, distal part of protopodite and endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d,

medial surface showing spines of protopodite of left 2nd

antenna, anterior towards right; e, coxale endite of right

mandible, lateral view; /, right mandible, medial view (coxale

endite broken oft); g, detail of triaenid bristle in /; h, left

maxilla, medial view; i, comb of right 5th limb, lateral view;

/, left 6th limb, medial view; k, tip of 7th limb; /, bristle of

7th limb bearing 6 bells; m, detail of comb tooth from k.

(Same magnification in micrometers: a,c,f-j,n; ejk,l; d,m.)

than others); margin between sutures with only

1 or 2 short bristles in inner row and 4 longer bristles in outer row (the one closest to lower suture

longer than others); margin below lowermost

suture with row of 4-7 bristles; 10 spinous bristles

on limb medial to lateral flap (these bristles could

be considered to be on anterior part of ventral

margin); ventral margin posterior to lateral flap

with 10 spinous bristles; hirsute posterior margin

tapering to rounded tip; lateral flap with 6-9

short, slender, spinous bristles; ventral bristles including those on flap total 23-30; posterior margin with 1 short, hirsute epipodial bristle; medial

surface of end joint with about 28-42 minute bristles forming 2 irregular rows near ventral margin

and near middle of limb.

Seventh Limb (Figure I9k-m): Each limb with

4 or 5 bristles; some distal segments near tip with

2 or 3 bristles on one side and with 1 or 2 on the

other; each bristle with up to 7 bells. Terminus:

each opposing comb with 17-19 teeth, 3 or 4 Ateeth, 14 or 15 B-teeth (see page 36 for description of teeth).

Furca (Figure 20b,c): Each lamella with 3 long,

stout claws followed by 7-9 short secondary claws;

main claws with medial and lateral teeth along

concave margins; secondary claws with slender

teeth along posterior margins and distal part of

anterior margins; anterior margin of lamellae

with slender spines; lamellae at base of main

claws and between and following secondary claws

with long hairs.

Rod-shaped Organ (Figure 20a): Broadening

near middle and with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye large, pigmented, bare (Figure 20a). Lateral eye (Figures 19n, 20a) slightly

smaller than medial eye, pigmented, with about

14 ommatidia, most of these embedded in pigment and difficult to discern; each eye attached

to head region by a narrow stalk.

Posterior: Hirsute; dorsal process finger-like

with spinous lobe at tip (Figure 20d).

Upper Lip (Figure 20e): Consisting of 2 hirsute lobes on each side of low saddle; each lobe

and saddle with 5 anterior spines; a hirsute flap

posterodorsal to each lobe.

Brushlike Organ: Not observed.

Genitalia: Consisting of oval sclerotized ring.

Gill-like Structures: Well-developed.

Y-Scleritc: Slightly sinusoidal (Figure 20/).
32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 20.—Asteropteron setijerum Kornicker and Caraion, variety A, ovigerous female, USNM

128851: a, medial eye, rod-shaped organ, and outline of right lateral eye; b, right lamella of

furca, lateral view; c, anterior claw of right and left lamella (claw of left lamella crosshatched);

d, posterior process, anterior to left; e, upper lip, anterior to right; /, Y-sderite of furca, anterior

to left. Asteropteron setiferum variety B, adult female, USNM 149282: g, endopodite of left 2nd

antenna, medial view; h, left brushlike organ. (Same magnification in micrometers: b-d; a,e,f-h.)

Eggs: USNM 128851, 12 eggs; USNM 149283,

11; specimen from station 17, 5; specimen B from

station 16, 12; specimen from station 15, 13.

Ectozoa: The right valve of USNM 143996 had

laterally a stemmed, vaselike protistan (Figure

I6d). The base of its stalk appears cemented to

the ostracode shell with a smooth substance that

covers the microstructure of the shell (Figure

\6e).

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at 5 stations between

Jacqueville and Vridi between depths of 35 and

50 m.

A. setiferum variety B

FICURES I3c,d; 20g,/i; 21-26

MATERIAL.—1 adult female, USNM 149282, from

station 2; 1 adult female, USNM 149285, from

station 1.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 13c,d; 21-

26).—Carapace with more numerous fossae than that

of A. setiferum variety A. Left valve of USNM

149285 strongly calcined with feathery calcite

under the shell layer containing fossae; right

valve of that specimen and both valves of USNM

149282 translucent, light brown, without crystalline calcite. Black lateral eye of specimen visible

through anterior node of carapace (Figure 13c).

Size: USNM 149282, length 2.24 mm, height

1.73 mm; USNM 149285, length 2.22 mm, height

1.89 mm.

Micromorphology of Carapace (based on scanning electron photographs; Figures 21-25): The

right valves of both specimens assigned to A. setiferum variety B were studied as well as two fragments of recrystallized calcite from the left valve

of USNM 149285. The fragments, which were obtained from beneath the outer layer of shell, form

anastomosing patterns (Figure 2.§a,b,e). The outer

surface of the recrystallized calcite bears impressions presumably of overlying fossae (Figure

23c,d). The underside of the recrystallized calcite

is smooth on the fragment on which it was ex-
NUMBER 197 33

FIGURE 21.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, variety B, adult female, USNM

149285, right valve (cleaned in sonic vibrator): a, lateral view, stereo pair, X 38; b, ventral view,

stereo pair, anterior to left, X 40; c, anterior view, stereo pair, X 55; d, dorsal view, stereo

pair, anterior to left, X 38; e, detail, from b, showing ventral edge of valve (broad white band

in photograph is the lamellar prolongation of the selvage), lateral view, X 1000. (Photos reduced

to 70 percent for publication.)
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

amined (Figure 23d). The edge of the calcite

perpendicular to the axis of the anastomosing pattern appears randomely pustulose (Figure 23/).

The carapace of A. setiferum variety B contains

many more punctae than that of A. setiferum

variety A (compare Figures 2la-d and 24 with

Figure \ba,b). The fossae on the carapace of

USNM 149285 (Figure 22a-c) and some fossae on

the carapace of USNM 149282 (Figure 25;) are of

a type similar to those of variety A. However,

many fossae of USNM 149282 have a polygonal

network, which may represent the bases of broken

processes (Figure 25b,c,h,i). Whereas the area of

the carapace between fossae of variety A consists

FIGURE 22.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, variety B, adult female, USNM

149285, right valve: a, fossae in vicinity of central adductor muscle attachment, anterior to right,

X 190; b, fossa from a (for location sec arrow in a), X 950; c, fossae near posterior end of valve,

X 550; d, detail, from c, showing tubular processes along upper margin of lower fossa (for

location sec arrow in c), X 4000; e( detail, from Figure 19c, showing medial side of fossa through

break in shell near anterior end (for location see arrow in Figure 19c), X 550; /, outer edge of

lamellar prolongation along ventral margin of shell, lateral view, X 15,750. (Photos reduced to

70 percent for publication.)
w »

FIGURE 23.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornickcr and Caraion, variety B, adult female, USNM

149285, two fragments of rccrystallized calcitc from beneath outer layer of valve: a, fragment

showing anastomosing structure, X 440; b, detail of a, X 1000; c, a fragment different than that

shown in a, with pit, X 440; d, smooth opposite side of fragment shown in c, X 440; e, detail

of bottom of pit shown in c (note anastomosing structure of calcite), X 1365; /, right side of

fragment shown in c (note projecting tips of anastomosing calcitc), X 1365. (Photos reduced to

80 percent for publication.)
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of a reticulate structure (Figure 15e), that area

contains elongate processes on both USNM 149282

(Figure 25d-g) and USNM 149285 (Figure

22c,d). A pair of bristles and a broad lamellar

prolongation of selvage are present along the

ventral margin (Figure 2\e). The distal margin

of the selvage is denticulate (Figure 22/). Bristles

and pores on the posterior infold are shown in

Figure 25k,l.

Appendages: Similar to those of A. setiferum

variety A, except dorsal margin of mandibular

basale with more bristles than on basale of many

specimens of variety A (Table 2; Figure 14).

Brushlike organ consisting of small lobe with

about 9 minute bristles dorsal to genitalia (Figure

20/i). Second joint of left 2nd antenna with short

FIGI'RE 24.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornickcr and Caraion,

variety B, adult female, USNM 149282, stereo pair of right

valve, X 45. (Photos reduced to 70 percent for publication.)

bristle (Figure 20g); same joint of right 2nd antenna bare.

Micromorphology of Seventh Limb (based on

scanning electron microphotographs; Figure 26):

Terminal end of each limb with 2 opposing combs

(Figure 26a-c); each comb with 2 types of teeth

called here A- and B-teeth; 3 or 4 A-teeth (Figure

26d) in middle of each comb similar to those of

7th limb of Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott) (see

Figure 7h); 7 or 8 B-teeth at each end of comb

with well-developed secondary teeth of similar

length along edge of outer segment of tooth

(Figure 26c,e); inner segment with depression at

tip containing pustulae and central pore (Figure

26e,f). No C-bristles similar to those of Cycloleberis squamiger present.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at a depth of 80 m off

West Vridi and at a depth of 40 m off Grand

Bassam.

A. setiferum variety C

FIGURE lSe

MATERIAL.—One ovigerous female, USNM

149284, from station 3.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figure 13e).—Carapace: With fossae more numerous than on carapace of A. setiferum variety A and with nodes

more prominent than those on both A. setiferum

variety A and variety B.

Appendages: Dorsal margin of mandibular

basale with 12 or 14 bristles; limbs otherwise similar to those of A. setiferum variety A and variety

B (see Table 2 and Figure 14).

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected near Sassandra at a

depth of 10 m.

Family SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

This family was not represented in the collection from the Ivory Coast. A supplementary description is given below of a species from Sao Tome

Island.

Genus Sarsiella Norman, 1869

This genus is widespread between latitudes

63°N and 37°05'S and in depths ranging between

intertidal and 205 m.
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FIGURE 25.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, variety B, adult female, USNM

149282, right valve: a, dorsal view, X 45; b, fossae on posterior end of valve, X 200; c, fossae

on anterodorsal part of valve, X 165; d, detail of c showing tubular process on valve surface

(for location sec arrow in c); e, detail of d (note paired bristles), X 1900; /, tubular processes

along the margin of the dorsal fragment of left valve attached to the right valve in a, X 2250;

g, detail from /, X 7750; h, fossa with polygonal structures, X 815; i, same, from different place

on valve, X 1900; /, fossa near middle of right valve showing tubular processes, X 1200; k,

part of posterior infold, anterior to right, X 825; /, detail, from k, showing tubular bristle and

pore near base, both on list (for location see arrow in k), X 10,000. (Photos reduced to 55 percent for publication.)
•s£L^\^,iT<ia

FIGURE 26.—Asteropteron setiferum Kornicker and Caraion, variety B, adult female, USNM

149282, 7th limb: a, tip of limb with bristles and opposing terminal combs, X 270; b, detail of

a, looking down into terminal combs, X 1150; c, detail from a showing combs, X 900; d, teeth

in middle of comb, X 4000; e, detail from c showing teeth at end of combs (for location see

arrow in c), X 3100; /, tip of tooth near end of comb showing pore (arrow) and pustulac, X

10,000. (Photos reduced to 78 percent for publication.)
NUMBER 197 39

Sarsiella murrayana Scott, 1894

FIGURES 27,28

Sarsiella Murrayana Scott, 1894:140, pi. 14: fig. 58; pi. 15:

figs. 24, 28, 29. 31.

Sarsiella murrayana.—Miiller, 1912:37 [key, diagnosis].

MATERIAL.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Roger

Lincoln, I received from the British Museum

(Natural History) the two specimens in alcohol

described by T. Scott (1894) from Lagoon, Sao

Tome1 Island. Only the attached valves of the

larger specimen of the two were in the vial. The

smaller specimen was complete and undissected,

except both 2nd antennae seem to be missing.

The vial contained a label with the words "Sarsiella murrayana, Buccaneer, W. coast of Africa."

In his description Scott (1894:140) does not

mention ribs on the carapace, nor does his illustration (pi. 14: fig. 58) show them. In a key, Muller

(1912:37) used the absence of ribs on S. murrayana to separate that species from S. tumida A.

Scott, 1905. Therefore, I was surprised to find on

the type-specimens both an upper and lower

horizontal rib. The carapace of the larger of the

two specimens is reillustrated herein. Some of the

appendages of the smaller specimen were partly

visible through the shell, or were extending from

FIGURE 27.—Sarsiella murrayana Scott: Dorsal and lateral

views of syntype; length including caudal process, 1.08 mm.

it, so I was able to illustrate them, but details are

lacking. Also, because the valves on the smaller

specimen were slightly agape, I was able to draw

the main features of inner side of the caudal process of both valves.

Scott (1894:140) stated that he was describing

a male. It is obvious, however—because of the lack

of brushlike filaments on the 5th joint of the 1st

antenna that he illustrated (pi. 15: fig. 24)—that

the specimen is not an adult male. The shape of

the carapace suggests that the specimen is a juvenile, but study of additional specimens are necessary in order to be certain of that and to establish

the sex.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION.—Surface of carapace punctate with upper and lower horizontal

rib tending to meet at posterodorsal corner of

each valve (Figure 27); anteroventral surface of

each valve outside ribs with 3 very faint, low

radial riblets (these visible only with valve tilted);

punctae (Figure 28c) filled with debris so that

spines, if present, not visible; no spines observed

between punctae; long bristles with broad base

extremely sparse on valve surface except along

margins.

hifold: Caudal process of each valve of smaller

specimen with 3 bristles (Figure 2Sa,b).

Size: Larger specimen: length excluding caudal

process, 0.82 mm; length including caudal process, 1.08 mm; height, 0.66 mm. Smaller specimen:

length, 0.56 mm; height, about 0.38 mm. Scott

(1894) gave the length as 0.93 mm; presumably,

this was of the larger specimen.

First Antenna (Figure 28d): The b-bristle of

7th joint only slightly longer than a-bristle; remaining bristles of 7th and 8th joints about same

length as sensory bristle of 5th joint; no filaments

observed on bristles.

Second Antenna: Missing on specimen. Endopodite unknown.

Mandible: Visible parts typical for genus (Figure 28c).

Maxilla: Partly visible, typical of genus (Figure

28/).

Seventh Limb: Not visible on specimen.

Furca (Figure 2Sg,h): Each lamella with 5

claws followed by few minute spines; claw 1

joined to lamella without suture, claws 2-5 separated from lamella by sutures; claws 1-3 with

teeth forming single row along posterior margins;
40

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 28.—Sarsiella murrayana Scott, juvenile syntype, carapace length 0.56 mm: a, caudal

process of left valve, medial view; b, same, right valve; c, pits on shell surface; d, right 1st

antenna, lateral view; e, right mandible, lateral view (not all bristles shown); /, right maxilla,

lateral view (not all bristles shown); g, right lamella of furca (teeth on claws not shown); h,

detail of teeth on claw 1 of right lamella (claw on right, lateral view) and left lamella (claw

on left, medial view); i, right lateral eye, medial eye, and rod-shaped organ. (Same magnification

in micrometers: a-c; d-i.)

large teeth alternate with several smaller teeth.

Lateral Eye: Each eye with 3 ommatidia (Figure 281).

Medial Eye and Rod-shaped Organ: Medial

eye larger than lateral eye, pigmented (Figure

28/). Rod-shaped organ elongate with rounded

tip; suture not seen with certainty (Figure 28i).

Family RUTIDERMATIDAE

Brady and Norman, 1896

This family contains three genera: Rutiderma

Brady and Norman, 1896, Alternochelata Kornicker, 1958, and Scleraner Kornicker, 1975. Only

Rutiderma is represented in the collection.

Genus Rutiderma Brady and Norman, 1896

This genus is represented in the collection only

by Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species. It is widespread between latitudes 45°N and 52°56'S and

in depths of 1-196 m.

Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species

FIGURES 29-32

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 149330, adult female or late

instar, length 1.99 mm; both valves and some

appendages in alcohol, remaining appendages on

a single slide.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station 18, near Grand Bassam, Ivory Coast.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. P.

Le Loeuff.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (adult or late instar;

Figures 29-32).—Carapace: Elongate with small

but distinct incisur and slightly overhanging rostrum; caudal process prominent (Figure 29).

Ornamentation: Surface with large rounded

fossae; 2 longitudinal ribs on either side of central

muscle scar extend from anterior of shell, where

they are only slightly raised, to posterior of shell,

where they are well developed and connected by

a vertical rib; ventral and dorsal ridges parallel

valve margins; hairs present along anterior and

anteroventral margins.
NUMBER 197 41

Infold: Broad along anterior, anteroventral

and posterior margin anterior to caudal process;

infold on rostrum with 4 slender bristles forming

row parallel to anterior margin of valve (Figure

30c); anteroventral infold with about 6 ridges,

and 6 bristles forming row between ridges and

edge of valve; middle part of ventral infold bare;

posteroventral infold and infold of caudal process

with about 16 bristles forming row (Figure 306,d);

only about 4 of these are on infold of caudal

process.

Selvage: Broad lamellar prolongation with narrow fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins.

Central Muscle Attachment Scar: Obscure, but

consisting of about 12 ovoid scars (Figure 30a).

Size: USNM 149330: length 1.99 mm, height

1.27 mm; height 64 percent of length.

First Antenna (Figure 30e,/): 1st joint with

spines forming clusters on medial surface near

ventral margin and on lateral surface; 2nd joint

with 2 bristles (1 dorsal, 1 lateral near ventral

margin), both with short marginal spines; dorsal

margin of joint with long hairs forming 2 clusters;

3rd joint short, fused with 4th, with 2 bristles (1

ventral, 1 dorsal), both with short marginal spines;

4th joint with 3 bristles (1 dorsal and short, 2

ventral and long), all with short marginal spines;

sensory bristle of 5th joint long, bare; terminal

dorsal corner of 5th or 6th joint with cluster of

short spines; 6th joint short with short medial

bristle with short marginal spines. Seventh joint:

FIGURE 29.—Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species, adult female or

late instar, length 1.99 mm, holotype, USNM 149330, complete

specimen.

a-bristle about length of 5th joint, with short marginal spines; b-bristle minute, about one-fourth

length of a-bristle; c-bristle bare, about same

length or slightly shorter than sensory bristle.

Eighth joint: d- and e-bristles bare, slightly shorter

than c-bristle; f- and g-bristles bare, about same

length as c-bristle.

Second Antenna (Figure $0g,h): Protopodite

bare. Endopodite minute with 4 small bristles.

Exopodite: 1st joint with short medial spine on

distal margin; joints 2-8 with short, faint spines

along dorsal and medial part of distal margins;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint; bristles

of joints 2-4 bare but with closely spaced corrugations along ventral margin except near base (tips

of these bristles either broken or obscured by debris on specimen); 9th joint with 6 bristles (3

long, with natatory hairs; 1 medium, with natatory hairs; 2 short, the longer of these with hairs,

the other bare); bristles of joints 5-8 with natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure 31a,6): Coxale endite bifurcate with knifelike tips and secondary teeth on

both prongs, long hairs near base of endite; no

peg observed in valley between prongs. Basale:

proximal ventral group of bristles with 1 long

bristle with short marginal spines and 3 short bristles, 2 of these pectinate; 1 long and 1 short ventral bristle proximal to middle of ventral margin;

dorsal margin with 1 short and 1 long bristle distal

to middle, both with short marginal spines. Exopodite absent. Endopodite: 1st joint with spines

forming clusters on medial surface and 3 short

ventral bristles; 2nd joint with spines forming

clusters on medial surface; dorsal margin with 3

proximal bristles (2 slender with short marginal

spines, 1 short and stout with long, stout marginal

spines); ventral margin with short subterminal

bristle and stout terminal claw with proximal

tooth and serrated inner margin; tip of claw

strongly recurved; minute spade-shaped process

with faint terminal bristle on medial side at base

of claw; 3rd joint with 2 claws, outer medial claw

broad with minute teeth along middle of concave

margin and without distal dorsal node, inner lateral claw narrow, shorter than broad claw, with

minute ventral teeth; 3 slender bristles medial to

base of lateral claw; 2 short bristles near base of

claw of 2nd joint.

Maxilla (Figure 31c): Precoxale and coxale
42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 197 43

with fringed epipodial appendage; coxale with 1

distoanterior bristle with short marginal spines.

Endites obscure, but endite I with 1-3 stout pectinate bristles and 3 or 4 short, slender bristles;

endite II with 2 stout pectinate bristles and 2

slender spinous bristles; endite III with about 5

bristles, of which about 3 are stout pectinate. Basale with 1 slender distoanterior bristle with short

marginal spines and 1 short, slender medial bristle near middle of distal margin. Exopodite short,

with 3 short bristles with marginal spines. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 a-bristle with slender marginal spines and 1 (3-bristle with stout marginal

spines; spines forming short rows present on medial side of joint near anterior margin; 2nd joint

with 2 a-bristles with few marginal spines, 1 stout

terminal claw with large marginal teeth, 1

smaller, bare claw anterior to larger claw, 1 pectinate anterior bristle, 1 posterior bristle with

stout spines along both margins, and 1 short,

spinous bristle medial and posterior to large claw.

Fifth Limb (Figure S2a-d): Epipodial appendage with 37 bristles. Endite I with 2 spinous bristles; endite II with 3 spinous bristles; endite III

with 1 stout, spinous inner bristle and 3 bare outer

bristles with knifelike tips. Exopodite: main

tooth consisting of 4 teeth, the distal of these

with 2 teeth near base and with three-pronged

tip; remaining 3 teeth either single or with 1

tooth near base; 1 short bristle proximal to inner

tooth and 1 short bristle on inner margin of

joint; 2nd joint with large triangular tooth with

2 large teeth along inner curvature, posterior side

of joint with small bristle near rounded end of

triangular tooth and 2 bristles proximal to inner

tooth on inner curvature of triangular tooth; 3rd

joint with 3 bristles on inner lobe and 2 on outer

lobe; 4th and 5th joints fused, with 4 terminal

bristles.

Sixth Limb (Figure 32e): Two plumose bristles

in place of epipodial appendage; endite I with 3

FIGURE 30.—Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species, adult female or

late instar, holotype, USNM 149330. Right valve: a, central

adductor muscle scar, lateral view; b, caudal process, medial

view. Left valve, medial view: c, rostrum; d, caudal process.

First antenna: e, left limb, medial view; /, bristle on 6th

joint and a-bristle of 7th joint of right limb, lateral view.

Second antenna, medial view: g, left limb; h, endopodite and

part of protopodite of right limb. (Same magnification in

micrometers: eg; b-f.)

bristles (1 long with short marginal spines, 2 short

with long marginal spines); endite II with 2 slender bristles with short marginal spines; endites

III and IV with 2 slender bristles with short marginal spines; end joint with 7 bristles: 2 anterior

bristles with short marginal spines; next 3 bristles

with long proximal hairs and short distal spines;

2 posterior bristles with long hairs; lateral surface

of endites III and IV hirsute.

Seventh Limb (Figure 32/): Terminal comb

with about 8 flat teeth with minute tooth at base

between bristles opposing 1 or 2 recurved pegs;

each limb with 9 (possibly 10) bristles—4 in

proximal group (2 on each side) and 5 (possibly

6) in terminal group (2 or 3 on each side); each

bristle with 3-6 bells and distal marginal spines.

Furca (Figure 32h): Each lamella with 3 strong

claws followed by 3 short secondary claws; long

hairs present medially near bases of claws 1-3 and

between and following secondary claws; claws 1-3

with equilength teeth forming lateral and medial

rows along concave margins.

Eyes and Rod-shaped Organ: Lateral eyes not

seen with certainty, but if present consisting of

small sack with 2 minute ommatidia (Figure

32g); medial eye bare, elongate, unpigmented

(Figure 32g); rod-shaped organ elongate, with

short, broadened section in middle proximal to

crease (or suture); tip pointed (Figure 32g).

Upper Lip: Small, rounded, bare (Figure 32i).

Posterior: Long hairs near middle of dorsal margin (Figure 32;).

Y-Sclerite: Without ventral branch; anterior

end upturned; posterior end bending ventrally

(Figure 32;).

COMPARISONS.—Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species,

differs from Rutiderma hartmanni Poulsen, 1965,

and Rutiderma mortenseni Poulsen, 1965, in having only three stout claws on the furca. It differs

from Rutiderma normani Poulsen, 1965, in having a larger and more elongate carapace. The incisur is more distinct and the rostrum and caudal

process more prominent on Rutiderma leloeuffi,

new species, than on Rutiderma compressa Brady

and Norman, 1896, Rutiderma dinochelata Kornicker, 1958, Rutiderma gerdhartmanni Kornicker, 1975, and Rutiderma species A and B

(Kornicker, 1975).

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected only at the type-locality

off Grand Bassam at a depth of 20 m.
44

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

50

FIGURE 31.—Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species, adult female or late instar, holotype, USNM

149330: a, left mandible, medial view; b, right mandible, medial view; c, maxilla (not all endite

bristles shown). (Same magnification in micrometers: a-c.)
FIGURE 32.—Rutiderma leloeuffi, new species, adult female or

late instar, holotype, USNM 149330: a, left 5th limb, anterior

view; b, detail of a showing teeth on 1st exopodial joint; c,

right 5th limb, posterior view; d, detail of c showing teeth

of 2nd exopodial joint; e, left 6th limb, medial view; /, 7th

limb; g, rod-shaped organ and medial eye, lateral eye?

(dashed), protopodite of left 2nd antenna, and part of left

1st antenna; h, right lamella of furca; i, anterior of body

from left side showing anterior process and simple upper

lip; /, posterior of body (Y-sclerite crosshatched). (Same

magnification in micrometers: g-j; a,c,e,f; b,d.)
Literature Cited

Brady, G. S., and Norman, A. M.

1896. A Monograph of the Marine and Fresh-Water Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and of North-Western

Europe. The Scientific Transactions of the Royal

Dublin Society, series 2, 5:621-684.

De Folin, L.

1871. Crustaces et Mollusque Noveaux de la Cote

d'Afrique. Page 245 of volume 1 in L. de Folin and

L. Perier, Les fonds de la mer.

Hartmann, Gerd

1974. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der africanischen Westkiiste zwischen Angola und Kap der Guten Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostkiiste von Siidafrica

und Mocambique unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Polychaeten und Ostracoden, part III: Die

Ostracoden des Untersuchungsgebiets. Mitteilungen

aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und

Institut, 69:229-520, 151 plates.

Klie, Walter von

1943. Ostracoden aus Marokko und Mauritanien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 143 (3/4):49-62, 20 figures.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

Publications of the Institute of Marine Science,

5:194-300, 89 figures.

1974. Revisions of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

178:1-64, 26 figures.

1975. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163:1-720, 432 figures, 9

plates.

Kornicker, L. S., and Francisca Caraion

1974. West African Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

179:1-78, 43 figures.

Moguilevsky, A., and F. C. Ramfrez

1970. Cycloleberis poulseni Especie Nueva (Ostracoda,

Asteropidae) Crustacea Bentonico del Area de Mar

del Plata, Argentina. Physis, 29(79):461-471, 8

figures.

Miiller, G. W.

1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der

angrenzended Meeres-Obschnitte. Volume 21 of

Fauna und Flore des Golfes von Neapel. viii + 404

pages, 40 plates. Berlin: Verlag R. Freidlander und

Sohn.

1906. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Expedition. Volume 30

in Siboga-Expeditie. 40 pages, 9 plates. Leiden: E. J.

Brill.

1912. Ostracoda. Volume 31 of Das Tierreich. xxxiii +

434 pages, 92 figures. Berlin: Verlag R. Friedlander

und Sohn.

Norman, A. M.

1869. Shetland Final Dredging Report, part II: On the

Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera. Pages 247-342 in

Report of the Thirty-Eighth Meeting of the British

Association for the Advancement of Science.

Poulsen, E. M.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 2: Cypridiniformes-Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. Volume 65

of Dana Report. 484 pages, 156 figures. Copenhagen:

Carlsberg Foundation.

Sars, G. O.

1866[1865]. Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder.

Norske Vidensk Forhandlinger Videnskab-Selskabet,

I Christiania Aar 1865, 7:1-130. [Preprint, 1865.]

Scott, T.

1894. Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea,

collected by John Rattray, B. Sc. Transactions of

the Linnean Society, Zoology, series 2, 6:1-161, 15

plates.

Skogsberg, T.

1920. Studies on Marine Ostracods, 1: Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids. Zoologiska Bidrag fran

Uppsala, supplement, 1:1-784, 153 figures.

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