7KH +RQRUDEOH 3DWULFN - 'XJJDQ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW -XGJH IRUWKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,213XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU)LOH 1DPH DS	

			



1,7('7$7(6 2)0(5,&$	

(66($03%(//	

 !"#$
%&#'	##()&(#!&*#+!#!#$,(#!%)&(#!&*# -%#+*./#0+&(1&234$!(	&"(%


$& )&(#!&*#+'5+6"&##'78/32)*&''%'&'7+5+(#2229 !7	
0%':
08&!*+&#+'5(;)
::)&(#!&*#+'5 
  %%& !   0+&(1& -%#+*./ !%#  "(  !$!# !!/ 8 +($&%52

		
	

)		<	0+&(1&-%#+*./ !=
-  )
:: )&(#!&*# +'5  ) %'%#%# (( "6 >?"6@A B( &%'&*#' %'*$!5'B&#$%*+%# ((((&%5"#$"$#"&%B&#$&%#%##'&(#!&6+#&%1&#&% 2
	C3>A>A%' 
	 C 2 %' % *+%#   ##"#&%5 # (((("#$"$#"&%B&#$&%#%##'&(#!&6+#&%1&#&% 2	C3D%'
	C2$&%'&*#"%# B'B!!%#(( (!*$   "6E( !(&'%* 6/ %!*#&*( &*!( B&%5  ?*%#!' '&1!/@    *.5'#!"&%'#*%#&%3F5!"( "#$"$#"&%$'&(#!&*#*+!#'%&'"6G("#&%#(+!((1&'%*6#&%' '+!&%5 #$ (!*$  "6 #$% %#!' *%'&#&% 5+&#/ !(!1&%5$&( !&5$###$'&(#!&*# *+!#E( !'! '%/&%5 $&( "#&% # (+!(("6%B6!&%5(#$&('&!*#!#$!(%((#!#$ 6B#$ '&(#!&*# *+!#E( !'! '%/&%5"6E("#&%#(+!((1&'%*($6%%+!/2 &*!(B&#$#$0+&(1& !(%+%#/ 8#! !*#&*( 
%&# H"&%&%5 *.5( # '!H!(( &*&%0+&(1&-%#+*./B!!#'6/#!&%'%!*#&*('5##$!(%* %!*#&*(&%*.5''!(('( B(7?8!9+##%7!!6'5D)&H&B/0+&(1&-<32D@9('+%#$!# #$%!*#&*('5%'#$!&%'&*& #%#&'!+5#! &*.&%5)#*#&1''&&!>?&!@A6#&%'%' H*+#'  (!*$ B!!%# +% #$ *.5  $*.5B( +%'#*%#&%!H&"#/3F5!"("#$"$#"&%

*+'$1%#!'#$6+&'&%5+%'!#$(!*$B!!%##$/$'6#&%'&%!'!#!1%##$'(#!+*#&% 1&'%*B1!#$*.5B(+%H*#'/"1'#%#$!*#&%B$!&#B(%'6 !#$ &*!(*+'6#&%(!*$B!!%#$ &*!(&%#$&(*(/'6(+#/%!&%"6E(!*#&% #$*.5#$!(%* #$"!.'&* *!&% !%# "6E( !(&'%*B$% $ !!&1' #$! B&#$ #$ *.5 ! #$ !*#&*&"((&6&&#/ 6#&%&%5(!*$B!!%# !"6E(!(&'%*!&!##$*%#!''&1!/**!'&%5/B*%*+'#$##$&* &*!('&'%#?*!#@#$H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(&%#$&(*(! #$ !(%( (##' 61 B #$ '&(#!&*#*+!#E('%& "6E("#&%#(+!((1&'%*

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

% #$(*((&%B$&*$#$&*H*+#'*%#!''&1!/ *.5#'B&%5#$&*$'#$!#+%&#/#6#&%(!*$B!!%# !&! # H*+#&%5 #$ *%#!' '&1!/ # #$#'B&%56+#*$(%##' ( 
% *##$*+!#"$(&I'#$&(1!/'&(#&%*#&%D2'#2
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
 #$*.5$'6%%'&%(&'#$'B&%5B$!#$*.5B(''!(('#$ &*!(

 #!'&(*1!&%5#$'!+5(#$ &*!('*&''#".?*%#!''&1!/@ #$*.5$ &*!(!"1'#$6+. #$"#$"$#"&% !"#$*.51&%5!H&"#/  5!"(  $ !#&%   #$"#$"$#"&%#$#$'6%!"1'B(!*'B&#$%#$!(+6(#%*$*.5B(#$%!(("6'6+#B( K+&' B&#$ % *#!%&* #!%("&##&%5 '1&* #$#B+'*#&1#+%#$%&%5 #$*.5$ &*!(6#&%'%%#&*&#!/(!*$B!!%# !#$)&H& &5$B/ ''!((&(#' % #$ *.5  $ )&H&&5$B/''!((*%(&(#( !(&'%*&%#$ !%#%'6+&'&%5&%#$!!&'%#& &'(9L9=!&%#&%5$ !(("6' *.5 B( #$% '&1!' 6/ %+%'!*1!&* &*!#%&%'&1&'+#9L9=!&%#&%5$ &*!(*%#&%+'(+!1&%* #$6+&'&%5 #!B $+!(  "% #! &'%#& &' ( "6 !!&1' #9L9=!&%#&%5%'%#!'#$6+&'&%5B1!&%(#'%&%5#$*.5&%(&'#$6+&'&%5"6!#+!%'#$&(#!+*.*!!/&%5#$+%%'*.5 #!"6*' #$ *.5 &% $&( #!+*. $ %' % +%&'%#& &'((%5!'!1B/ !"#$)&H&&5$B/''!(($ &*!( B'"6E(#!+*.#!(&'%*#F	#%'!B($+!*$'#!'#!"&%'#6"6E(!(&'%*B$!"6+'#$#!+*.&%##$5!5%!#'##$&%1(#&5#&%(+!!+%'&%5#$*.5"!.' &* *! B( (#' &% !%#   "6E(!(&'%*&((+&%5#! &*#&*.#"6%'$&(((%5!5#+# #$#!+*.%'(#'+#(&'#$5!5 ! B"&%+#(B#*$&%5#$*#&1&#/&%#$!)#*#&1&!#(#& &'#$##$#B"%B!?.&%5!+%'&%'& !%#'&!*#&%(@%'?!'#6%!1+(@'+##$!(%* #$"!.'&**!%#$!1$&*#$%!!&1'##$!(&'%*%'#$"%B&#$"65#&%##$#1$&*%' #"6#$%B%#&%(&'#$5!5%'*('#$5!5'!B##$!"&%+#(#!#$#!%("&##&%5'1&* #$# $' 6% *' &% #$ *.5 *#&1#'&%'&*#&%5#$##$*.5$'6%%'3

#$+5$#$/'&'%#$1  (!*$ B!!%# !#$ 	#%'!B($+!*$'!(&'%*	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
! &%'&%5   H&5%*/&( $'#  ?"&H'@ (#%'!' !1&B
"2'222>D#$&!A'&(#!&*#*+!#E( &%'&%5(  *#($61!!+' %/ &  #$/ ! *!/ !!%+(  B1! '&(#!&*#*+!#E(*%*+(&%#$#5&1%(#  *#(*%(#&#+#(H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(($6!1&B'
#"6*%#%'(#$##$'&(#!&*#*+!#!!'&%'%/&%5$&("#&%#(+!((1&'%*%''1%*(#$!#$!&(#(+!#$&((&#&%7A$B(%#?#$&!'!#/@2A#$

$
%&"'"6*%#%'(#$#6/#!&%5#$*.5!&!##$*%#!''&1!/#$&* &*!(&%#$&(*(?*!#'@#$H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(+%B$&*$#$/!&'#J+(#& /#$&!B!!%#((%#!/&%#"6E(!(&'%*#&( B (#6&($'#$# &*  &*!( ! %# !#*!# H&5%# *&!*+"(#%*( # J+(#& / #$&! B!!%#(((!*$(
"F32'D>D#$&!3A$&(+!#$((#!+*.'B%B!!%#((%#!&(6/#$&*&%(&#+#&%(B$!'&6!#*%'+*#%#$!#  &*  &*!( $( *!#' #$ *&"' H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(
(32'3>D#$&!AB1!#$&(&!*+&#$(%#''!(('#$%!!B&((+ B$#$!&* &*!(".&%5*%#!''&1!/!'"'#$1?*!#'@#$'%5! &""&%%#'(#!+*#&%   1&'%* 6/ #!&%5 #$ *%#%#(   #$*.5%'#$+(!!$&6&#' !"B!!%#((%#!/&%(&#+#&%(B$!#$/*.(+ &*&%#!#+%&#/#6#&%B!!%#"6+!5(#$&(+!##*%(&'!#$!(%&%5 !"(1! &5$#$ &!*+&# *(( B$! #$ *+!# +%' #$#H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*('&'%#H&(#6*+(#$&**!#'#$'%5! #$'(#!+*#&% 1&'%*
%''&%
D2'2F>#$&!A2'FD>#$&!A%'

2'22>#$&!A#$&5$#$&!*+&#*%*+''#$#H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*('&'%#H&(#6*+(#$&*$' *!#'!5!#/&%*!('#$'%5!#$#1&'%* B+' 6 '(#!/' (    
 3 2' 33 33F >#$ &! A > &%'&%5B!!%#(( %#!/ J+(#& &' &%  *%#!' '&1!/   %#!'*.5B$!6#&%&%5(!*$B!!%#?B+'1!/&./$16%&"((&6@A

"+(#6#$&!'!#/!(%#6 !H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(H&(#"+(# &%&" ?$B&(B (##'#$#  B!!%#(( %#!/B&6+$'B$%#$*&!*+"(#%*(#$%H#%#B!(+*$(#'  !(%   !(%6 *+#&%# *%*+'#$# (+*$1&'%* B+' !66/ 6 '(#!/' B&#$&% #$ #&"%*((!/#6#&%(!*$B!!%#@
 )32'FD2>D#$&!A>*&#&%5 
*)'3
	3D	#2FD22F0'2'FF>FAA ('&(*+((' (+!&%!'!# &%'#$# H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(H&(#'#J+(#& /#$B!!%#((%#!/&%#$&(*(B"+(# &%'#$##$&* &*!($'!(%66(&( !6&1&%5#$##$!B(("%&%#$!(&'%*B$B+'&./'(#!/1&'%*%#$&(*(#$ &*!(6(!1'"6&*.+#$*.5 !"#$)&H&&5$B/''!((%'+%H*#'/!*##$*.5#%#$!''!(($&*.%B"6B(&%(&'#$5!5 ##$ !(&'%*B$%#$#!%("&##!*#&1#'&%'&*#&%5#$##$*.5$'6%%'  
# B( 6J*#&1/ !(%6 ! #$  &*!( #6&1 #$# "6 B$( (+(&*&%( B! !'/$&5$#%''+##$!(%* #$"!.'&**!&%!%# $&($+(B+'&""'&#/H"&%#$*%#%#(  #$ *.5 %' '&(*1! &#$! #$ !(%*   #$#!%("&##&%5'1&*!#$##$6+. #$"#$"$#"&%$'6%!"1'%'!*'6/%#$!(+6(#%*<##$ &*!($'%!&(#&*!#+%&#/#6#&%(!*$B!!%#!"6E(!(&'%*("6%'#$*.5B&#$&%"&%+#( $&(!!&1
%'!#$(*&!*+"(#%*(&#B( 6J*#&1/ !(%6 ! #$ &* # 6&1 #$#1&'%*&%(&'#$'B&%5B+'!66/6'(#!/'6/"6 B&#$&% #$ #&" %*((!/ # 6#&%  (!*$B!!%#

*#( #$&(*('%#*%(#&#+#H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(%'A #$ 51!%"%# *!#' %/ H&5%# *&!*+"(#%*( #$#H&(#'+', -% #$ L #$ "5&(#!# J+'5 (##'7 ?+! &!*+&#!*%#/ '&(*+((' #$ #(# +(' # '#!"&% B$% #$((&6 '(#!+*#&%   1&'%* B& (#&( / #$ H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(!K+&!"%#@M+#&%5 !"
$	
 3 ' FF  >D#$ &! A #$"5&(#!#J+'5(##'7$&( &!*+&# $( '#'  #B!%5' #(# #'#!"&% B$% #$ ((&6&&#/   #$ '(#!+*#&% 1&'%* "&5$# *%(#&#+# H&5%# *&!*+"(#%*((+ &*&%# # J+(#& /  B!!%#(( %#!/ &%#  $"?,!!%#((%#!/#!1%##$'(#!+*#&% 1&'%*N&( J+(#& &' &  #$ 51!%"%# '"%(#!#(7 >A !(%6 6&  #$# #$&!' !#&( ! &%(&' #$'B&%5; %' >2A  !(%6 6&  #$# #$ (( !'(#!+*#&% 1&'%*&(&""&%%#E@
"2'222>D#$&!A;((
 "'D >D#$&!DA>B!!%#((%#!/?#!1%#(+(*#E((*@&((!"&((&6& (+!#'6/!66*+(A$"5&(#!#J+'5#$%(##'7!%K+(#&%H&(#(*%*!%&%5#$!(%*#$&!'!#&(&%(&'"6E($"$&*.%B# % 6(+# *!#&%#/ #$# "6 B( &%(&' #$$",$!"6B(%'B$#$"/$16%'&%5 $B1! B! %# .%B% # #$ &***!'&%5/ #$ *!&#&* K+(#&% &( B$#$! #$*#&1#&%   #$ #!%("&##! $&''% &% #$ *.5*!#'!(%66& &%#$"&%'( #$ &*!(#$##$((!'(#!+*#&% #$"#$"$#"&%B(&""&%%#D

,W LV XQFOHDU WRWKLV &RXUWZKHWKHU WKH PDJLVWUDWH MXGJH ZDVH[SUHVVLQJ D YLHZ WKDW LW ZDV REYLRXV WKDW WKHUH ZDV QR WKLUG SDUW\LQYROYHG RU WKDW KH ZDV FRQVLGHULQJ &DPSEHOO WR EH DNLQ WR D 3WKLUGSDUW\ ́%$&(6!& %"6!5+( !#$ &!(##&"#$# #$ "5&(#!# J+'5E( *%*+(&% B&#$ !(*# # #$?#$&!'!#/@&((+B(B!%5"6((!#(#$##$"5&(#!#J+'5E( ?*%*+(&% *"#/ "&(+%'!(#%'(%'"&((##(#$*(B8!"6B(%##$&!'!#/ $ B( #$ (+(*# #$ %/ (+(*#@  B1!"6'&'%#&%*+'#$&((%6J*#&%B$%$ &'$&( 6J*#&%( # #$ "5&(#!# J+'5G( L  $ L*%#&%'#$ B&%5%#&*7,&#$&%#%>A'/( #!6&%5(!1'*/ #$(!('&%'&%5(%'*""%'#&%%/!#/B$B&($(#6J*#"+(# &%'(!1B!&##%6J*#&%(!+!#$!&(B&1'
	F22'>D#$&!3A.3F3
	3>A2
	CDD>6A>A>A;'&1=F2>6A?
% !'! # !(!1 % &((+ !   ' %'%# &(!K+&!' # & 6J*#&%( B&#$ #$ '&(#!&*# *+!# # #$&%'&%5( #$"5&(#!#J+'5@
/2,022F#O3>D#$&!2A>*&#&%5 0 D 2' 3F 3 >D#$ &! AA  9*+("6 &'# &%/6J*#&%(!5!'&%5#$&(?#$&!'!#/@&((+#$&((+$(6%B&1'>#A1%& "6$'%#B&1'#$&(&((+$&(*&"#$##$1&'%*"+(#6(+!(('6*+($B(%#?#$&!'!#/@&(B&#$+#"!&#"6!5+(#$#+%'!
$	
3'#%'"2'#2?H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*('H&(#B$%#$51!%"%#'"%(#!#( !(%66& #$##$&!'!#&(!&%(&'#$'B&%5@>) E(9!# A>"$(&( '''A  
% '*&'&%5 B$#$! H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*( H&(#' #$ *+!#( &%$	
 %'"&'#B!%5#(##$#!&5&%#'&%

F
"2'>D#$&!A%"#$	&H#$&!*+&#!/&%5%1
2  
	   	# D 2D 0 '2' 3>FA(##'7,6&1*%(&(#%#B&#$1#$#&* &*! ($B % 6J*#&1/ !(%6 6&  #$#*%#!6%' &( 6&%5 ! B& 6 '(#!/' B&#$&% !(&'%*& $*%'"%(#!#7>A!(%66&#$# #$&!' !#&( ! &%(&' #$ 'B&%5; %' >2A !(%6 6&  #$# #$( #$&!' !#&( "/ (%6*"B!#$##$&*!%#$&!#!&(#$##$'(#!+*#&% 1&'%*B+'6&%!'!##2>"$(&('''AB1!$	
"%'"  &%11' *#+(&#+#&%(B$!(+(*#B(!!(#'+#(&' 'B&%56+##$&!'!#&(B!!(%#&%(&'#$'B&%5B$"#$&*6&1'B+''(#!/1&'%*&*#&%   #$ #B!%5" #(#!K+&!&%5 #$ !(%*   ?#$&!' !#&(@ &( !!&# &%(&#+#&%(B$!(+(*#&(!!(#'+#(&' 'B&%56+# #$&!' !#&( B$" #$ &* 6&1 B& '(#!/1&'%* !&%(&'#$ 'B&%5  
%#$(&"&#' *#+(&#+#&%(#$H&5%#*&!*+"(#%* &""&%%#'(#!+*#&%  1&'%* *+' %# H&(# &  #$! B( % ?#$&!' !#/@!(%#&%#$'B&%56*+(#$(+(*#B(!'/&%&**+(#'/+#(&'#$'B&%5% #$*((*&#'61*%6!'(!K+&!&%5#$!(%* ?#$&!'!#/@&%*((B$!&#&(#$ (+(*#$&"( B$&(&%(&'#$'B&%5%'&((#$&%'&1&'+#$&*6&1"/'(#!/1&'%*&%(&'#$'B&%5#$! #$ "! 5%! #(# ! B$#$! ! %# H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*( H&(#&( ( B (##'&%"!/&%5%17?9 !H&5%#*&!*+"(#%*(!!(%##$&*"+(#$1!(%66(&( !6&1&%5#$!&(("%&%#$$+(B$B+'&./'(#!/1&'%*@##2**!'&%5/"6G(!5+"%##$##$!