Interim Decision *1642 

MarrEn of Looiczno 

In Section 246 Proceedings 

A-5746800 

Decided by Board September 20,1966 

Since dismissal of pertinent counts of indictment for income tax 'violation 

after commencement of criminal proceedings, on agreement of counsel, does 

not estop the Service from examining facts in rescission proceedings, to 

determine If respondent was a person of good moral character at the time 

of adjustment of his status under section 249 of the Immigration and 

Nationality Act, such adjustment of status Is rescinded because respondent, 

who had fraudulently underStated his income during 1958 and 1959 for 

the purpose of avoiding payment of a substantial sum In U.S. income 

taxes. was not a person of good moral character at the time he secured 

adjustment of status on November 17, 1980, and therefore, was not statutorily eligible for such relief.. 

This case is before us on appeal from a decision of a special inquiry officer dated October 22, 1905, rescinding the adjustment of 

status previously granted to the respondent under section 249 of the 

Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.O. 1259]: 

The respondent is a 62-year-old married male who is a liative and 

citizen of Italy. The special inquiry officer's findings (decision, 'pp. 

1, 5-6, 61, 65-68, 72) are to the effect that the respondent' entered 

the United States about April 12, 1928.as a. stowaway aboard the SS 

"St. Joseph Philadelphia"; the he was granted adjustment of statue 

on November 17, 1960 under section 249 of the Immigration and 

Nationality Act; that he willfully failed to file a United States income tax return for 1957 although required to do so; that he filed 

false and fraudulent United States income tax returns for 1958 

and 1959 claiming taxable income- of $2,408.20 and $4,827.70 respectively; that his taxable income for the years 1957, 1958 and 1959 was 

actually $9,295.65, $10,864.16 and $16,104.08 respectively; that the 

respondent was attempting to evade and defeat the payment of income tax; that the ropondent violated 26 U.S.C. 7201 on or about 

April 15, 1958, April 15, 4950 -and April 15, 1960; and that these 

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Interim Decision #1642 

violations precluded the respondent from possessing good nioral 

character at the time adjustment of status was granted. 

The sole issue is whether the special inquiry officer's action in 

rescinding the adjustment of status was correct. As stated in the 

last paragraph on page 5 of the "Notice" (Ex, 1) served on the respondent, it was asserted that he was not eligible for adjustment of 

status because he was not a person of good moral character. Although there was an allegation that the respondent failed to disclose 

his full arrest record in his application for adjustment of status, the 

principal basis for the assertion that the respondent was not a person 

of good moral character relates to the United States income tax delinquencies for the years 1957, 1958 and 1959. 

We have carefully reviewed the entire record. The special inquiry 

officer has thoroughly discussed the evidence on which his findings 

were based, and we concur fully in his discussion and findings with 

the exception of the last two findings mentioned above and with the 

further exception that we will not make a definite determination as 

to whether there was a tax violation for the calendar year 1957. During the oral argument, the appellate trial attorney stated that it was 

unnecessary for the special inquiry officer to find that the respondent 

had violated 26 U.S.C. 7201, and we agree that this is correct. In 

other words, we concur in the special inquiry officer's various subordinate findings which resulted in his ultimate conclusion that the 

respondent had violated 26 U.S.C. 7201 but we can perceive no 

reason why the special inquiry officer or this Board should make a 

determination as to whether or not the respondent was guilty of 

violating a particular penal provision. The other finding of the 

special inquiry officer in which we do not concur is that the violations 

precluded the respondent from possessing good moral character. 

Instead, we hold that, by reason of the respondent's attempt to evade 

and his evasion of United States income taxes for the years 1958 and 

1959, he was not a person of good moral character at the time his 

application under section 249 was granted. 

We understand that counsel relies, not only on his contentions during the oral argument, but also on those stated in the brief submitted 

by former counsel. We have considered fully all of these contentions. Insofar as concerns contentions based on factual allegation 17 

of Exhibit 1, we find it unnecessary to discuss these since the special 

inquiry officer held that the allegation was not sustained and we concur in that conclusion. With respect to a contention that the Service 

did not establish that adjustment of status .under section 249 was 

necessary, it was the respondent himself who filed the application 

under that statutory provision, and Exhibit 8 shows the nonexistence 

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Interim Decision #1642 

of a record of the respondent's lawful admission in April 1922 or on 

April 12, 1923 on the SS "St Joseph Philadelphia". During the 

oral argument (p. 8), counsel stated that the respondent has been in 

the United States for 42 years and that the Government is now seeking to deport him. Actually, the matter before us is solely whether 

the adjustment of status granted to the respondent should be rescinded. If a deportation procieding should be instituted in the 

future, the respondent will have the opportunity of offering his 

defense to that action. 

In the brief, it was stated that there was a denial of due process by 

reason of the introduction into evidence of the record of the•respondent's conviction for violation of 26 U.S.C. 7201. This relates to the 

fourth count of the indictment (Ex. 5) which charged that on or 

about April 15, 1961 the respondent attempted. to evacl and defeat a 

large part of the income tax due for the calendar year of 1960 by 

stating his taxable income as $8,219.00 and tax Its $1,736.94 whereas 

his taxable income was $32,782.87• and the tax due was $10,791.43. 

The respondent pleaded guilty to this charge on January 13, 1965. 

The contention is based on the fact that the offense was committed 

on or about April 15, 1961 which was subsequent to the date on 

which adjustment of status was granted—November 17, 1960. We 

believe it is clear from the special inquiry officer's decision that he 

did not consider this conviction as being evidence that the respondent was not a person of good moral character at the time adjustment 

of status was granted. Accordingly, this contention of counsel is 

dismissed. 

Following the respondent's plea of guilty on January 13, 1965, sentence was imposed on February 17, 1965 and thereupon the first 

three counts of the indictment were dismissed on motion of the 

Asqistant United States Attorney. Counsel states that the Government relied on the offenses mentioned in the first three counts in this 

rescission proceeding; that the dismissal _of these counts constituted 

an acquittal of these charges; and that the Government is barred from 

using these three offenses under the doctrine of res judieata. We 

reject this contention on the authority of Helmering v. Mitchell, 303 

U.S. 391, 397 (1938), in whichthere was an acquittal in a criminal 

prosecution. The court said that the doctrine of estoppel by judgment did not preclude the Government from recovering the 50 percent penalty for fraudulent, intent to evade payment of income tax, 

and that the acquittal was merely an adjudication that the proof was 

not sufficient to overcome all reasonable doubt of the guilt of the 

accused. • 

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Counsel seeks to avoid the clear ruling of ifebering v. Mitchell, 

supra; by contending that the burden of proof-here is the same as in. 

a criminal case, citing a decision of the Second Circuit on September 22, 1965 in Sherman v. Immigration and Naturalization Service,. 

350 F.2d 894. This decision was reversed on January 17, 1966 upon 

rehearing by the Court en bane, and the case is new before the Supreme Court on certiorari. In any event, that case involved a deportation proceeding against a long-time resident of the United States 

and, as we have already pointed out, the respondent's case is not a. 

deportation proceeding. Section 246(a) of the Immigration and 

Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1256(a)] directs the Attorney General to 

rescind the action grunting adjustment or status if "it shall appear 

to the satisfaction of the Attorney General that, the person was not 

in fact eligible for such adjustment of status * * *", and we have 

held that this means that the Service must establish its contention in 

the rescission proceeding by a preponderance of evidence which is 

reasonable, substantial and probative. Matter of Barreiros, 10 I. & 

N. Dec. 536, 538 (1964). For the reasons indicated above, we hold 

that the dismissal of the first three counts of the indictment does not 

preclude the special inquiry officer and this Board from determining 

whether the similar- factual allegations numbered 11, 12 and la of 

the "Notice" - (Ex. 1) are true and, if so( whether this shows a lack 

of good moral character on the part of the rapondent. 

The respondent refused to testify in this proceeding, and his wife 

also did not testify. William C. McCafferty, who has been a Special 

Agent of the Intarnel Revenue Service for ten years and investigated 

the respondentN tax liability, appeared as a Government witness at 

the hearing. He had conferences with .the respondent on August 20 

and 24, 1962, March 18, 1963 and December 23, 1963. Immediately 

after each meeting With the respondent, Mr. McCafferty prepared a 

report concerning the matter and these are a part of the record as 

Eihibits 54, 55, 56 and 58. The respondent's wife was present at 

each conference except the one on August 24, 1962. The respondent 

stated that he had no financial records. He had acknowledged to 

Mr. McCafferty (Tr. p. 48) that he had not filed any income tax 

returns between 1945 and 1957, claiming that he had not received 

sufficient income 'during those years to require the filing of returns. 

The 11th factual allegation of the "Notice" relates to the failure to 

file a return for the calendar year 1957. The income tax returns for 

the calendar years 1958 and 1959 (Exs. 39 and 46) were joint returns 

filed by the respondent and his wife. 

Two contentions, made during the oral argument (pp. 4-5, 16-17), 

involve Nina Giarratano. Counsel refUrred to her as being the 

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Interim Decision #1642 - 

respondent's niece but actually she was his stepdaughter, being his 

first wife's daughter by her first marriage. In 1952 Nina had married 

Frank Giarratano who died on December 6, 1955. In October 1956,. 

she Married her - deceased' husband's' brother, Joseph Giarratano. 

Nina Giarratimo died on July 16, 1957. 

One of these contentions relates to the source of the funds which 

were used in the purchase of a $28,000 two-family house in 1957. 

The legal title was placed in the name of the respondent's wife but 

he referred to himself as the owner while being questioned by Mr. 

McCafferty on August 20, 1962 (Ex. 54) in the presence of his wife.. 

The respondent stated that a $15,000 mortgage had been -obtained 

and that Nina Giarratano had turned over about $14,000 in cash to 

her mother, the respondent's wife. Mrs. Locicero stated that her 

daughter obtained the funds as the result of the death of her husband, Frank: 'Frank Giarratano was last employed as a truck driver 

for the Post Office. Exhibit 48 shows that his wife, Nina, received 

two checks for insurance on hii life in December 1955—from the 

Prudential Insurance Company of America in the sum of $1,015.80 

and from Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance in the sum of 

$4,000. The latter was deposited on December 28, 1955 in Nina 

Giarratano's 'account at Bay Ridge Savings Bank and, after two 

other deposits and ten withdrawals, the entire amount had been -withdrawn by June 26, 1956. Mr. McCafferty testified concerning Nina 

Giarratano's earnings during 1949, 1950 and 1951 and that there was 

no record of any earnings thereafter. The contention that Nina 

Giarratano had given approximately $14,000 to the respondent's wife 

was discussed by the special inquiry officer in his decision (pp. 18-

22) and he concluded that this claim was not in accord with fact. 

It is our finding that the respondent and his wife did not receive 

$14,000 nor any substantial amount from Nina Giarratano. 

Counsel's second contention concerning Nina Giarratano is that 

Mr. McCafferty had included, as chargeable to the respondent, the 

sum of $1,300 [actually $1,334] paid for the funeral of Nina's first 

husband, Frank Giarratano. It- appears from Mr. McCafferty's 

testimony (Tr. pp. 402-404; 423-425) that Joseph Giarratano had 

stated that the respondent and his wife had paid the funeral bills of 

Frank Giarratano and Nina Giarratano. During the hearing, the 

funeral director testified that there was an Italian custom that people attending the wake or funeral would leave contributions to defray expenses. 'While it is true that Mr. McCafferty had used this 

amount of $1,334 in his computation for the year 1955, counsel is in 

error in stating (oral argument, pp. 16-17) that the special inquiry 

officer also considered this amount as an. expenditure chargeable to 

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the respondent inasmuch as the special inquiry officer (decision, pp. 

• 3-20 specifically found that this item of $1,334 could not be allowed 

as a charge against the 'respondent and his 'wife. He also found 

that the contributions at the funeral did not exceed the amount of the 

funeral bill. While counsel did not specifically refer to the funeral 

bill for Nina Giarratano in the amount .of $1,790, the special inquiry 

officer disallowed this amount (decision, pp. 8344). 

Counsel•also contended (oral argument, pp. 3-4) that the respond- 

• nt's wife would not have signed the contract to purchase the $28,000 

louse on 'January 8, 1957 unless she had the required cash on hand; 

that she must have had these funds by the end of 1956; and that the 

Government had made the claim that the $14,000 paid in cash must 

have been income accrued in 1957. Actually, there were two cash 

payments which were made on or about January 8, 1957 and April 

:9, 1957 totaling $13,000 rather than $14,000, -and there is nothing in 

the record to indicate that the Government considered:this *amount as 

income earned in 1957. On the contrary, the Government included, 

among other assets which the respondent and this wife had on hand at 

the end of 1956, $5,000 in cash and $4,509 on deposit in Bay Ridge 

Savings Bank Account B -176082 (Exs. 12A and 16A). In addition, 

Appendix "7" attached to the special inquiry officer's decision shows 

that during 1957 the net worth of the respondent and his wife had 

increased merely $4,752.55 and that their corrected taxable,income, as 

found by the special inquiry officer, was only $9,293.65 (Lines 9 and 

41.) 

Counsel has also made certain contentions based on the fact that, 

because no income tax return was filed for the year 1957, it cannot be 

assumed that rents received and expenses for the maintenance of the 

two-family house are chargeable to the respondent inasmuch as the 

legal title was in his wife's name. This contention is not'urged concerning the years 1958 and 1959 when the respondent and his wife 

_filed joint income tax returns and were, therefore, required to report 

all of their income. It is our conclusion that the special inquiryofficer 

was correct in bolding that the respondent fraudulently understated 

.leis income during 1958 and 1959 for the purpose of avoiding the payment of a substantial sum in taxes. We hold, therefore, that he was 

not a person of good moral character at the time he secured adjustment of his immigration status on November 17, 1960. Under the circumstances, it is unnecessary to reach any determination concerning 

the failure to file an-income tax return for the year 1957 as specified 

in the 11th factual allegation of the "Notice". We have carefully 

considered the remaining contentions of counsel but they are without 

merit and do not require spedfizs_discussion, In view of the forego810 
Interim Decision #1642 

ing; via:lipid that the respondent was not statutorily eligible for 

adjustment of his status on November V, 1960 and that the order of 

the' special •nquiry officer rescinding that action was correct. Accoidingly, the appeal will be dismissed. 

•ORDER: It is ordered that the appeal be and the same is hereby 

dismissed. 

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