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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Fish and Wildlife Service 

50 CFR Part 20 

RIN 1018–AV12 

Migratory Bird Hunting; Early Seasons 

and Bag and Possession Limits for 

Certain Migratory Game Birds in the 

Contiguous United States, Alaska, 

Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin 

Islands 

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Interior. 

ACTION: Final rule. 

SUMMARY: This rule prescribes the 

hunting seasons, hours, areas, and daily 

bag and possession limits of mourning, 

white-winged, and white-tipped doves; 

band-tailed pigeons; rails; moorhens 

and gallinules; woodcock; common 

snipe; sandhill cranes; sea ducks; early 

(September) waterfowl seasons; 

migratory game birds in Alaska, Hawaii, 

Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands; and 

some extended falconry seasons. Taking 

of migratory birds is prohibited unless 

specifically provided for by annual 

regulations. This rule permits taking of 

designated species during the 2007–08 

season. 

DATES: This rule is effective on 

September 1, 2007. 

ADDRESSES: You may inspect comments 

received on the migratory bird hunting 

regulations during normal business 

hours at the Service’s office in room 

4107, Arlington Square Building, 4501 

N. Fairfax Drive, Arlington, Virginia. 

You may obtain copies of referenced 

reports from the address above or from 

the Division of Migratory Bird 

Management’s Web site at http:// 

www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/reports/ 

reports.html. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Robert Blohm, Chief, or Ron W. Kokel, 

Division of Migratory Bird Management, 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, (703) 

358–1714. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Regulations Schedule for 2007 

On April 11, 2007, we published in 

the Federal Register (72 FR 18328) a 

proposal to amend 50 CFR part 20. The 

proposal provided a background and 

overview of the migratory bird hunting 

regulations process, and dealt with the 

establishment of seasons, limits, 

proposed regulatory alternatives for the 

2007–08 duck hunting season, and other 

regulations for hunting migratory game 

birds under §§ 20.101 through 20.107, 

20.109, and 20.110 of subpart K. Major 

steps in the 2007–08 regulatory cycle 

relating to open public meetings and 

Federal Register notifications were also 

identified in the April 11 proposed rule. 

On June 8, 2007, we published in the 

Federal Register (72 FR 31789) a second 

document providing supplemental 

proposals for early- and late-season 

migratory bird hunting regulations and 

the regulatory alternatives for the 2007– 

08 duck hunting season. The June 8 

supplement also provided detailed 

information on the 2007–08 regulatory 

schedule and announced the Service 

Migratory Bird Regulations Committee 

(SRC) and Flyway Council meetings. 

On June 20 and 21, 2007, we held 

open meetings with the Flyway Council 

Consultants at which the participants 

reviewed information on the current 

status of migratory shore and upland 

game birds and developed 

recommendations for the 2007–08 

regulations for these species plus 

regulations for migratory game birds in 

Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin 

Islands, special September waterfowl 

seasons in designated States, special sea 

duck seasons in the Atlantic Flyway, 

and extended falconry seasons. In 

addition, we reviewed and discussed 

preliminary information on the status of 

waterfowl as it relates to the 

development and selection of the 

regulatory packages for the 2007–08 

regular waterfowl seasons. On July 23, 

2007, we published in the Federal 

Register (72 FR 40194) a third document 

specifically dealing with the proposed 

frameworks for early-season regulations. 

On August 28, 2007, we published a 

fourth document in the Federal Register 

which contained final frameworks for 

early migratory bird hunting seasons 

from which wildlife conservation 

agency officials from the States, Puerto 

Rico, and the Virgin Islands selected 

early-season hunting dates, hours, areas, 

and limits. 

On August 1–2, 2007, we held open 

meetings with the Flyway Council 

Consultants at which the participants 

reviewed the status of waterfowl and 

developed recommendations for the 

2007–08 regulations for these species. 

Proposed hunting regulations were 

discussed for late seasons. We 

published proposed frameworks for the 

2007–08 late-season migratory bird 

hunting regulations in a late August 

2007 Federal Register. 

The final rule described here is the 

sixth in the series of proposed, 

supplemental, and final rulemaking 

documents for migratory game bird 

hunting regulations and deals 

specifically with amending subpart K of 

50 CFR part 20. It sets hunting seasons, 

hours, areas, and limits for mourning, 

white-winged, and white-tipped doves; 

band-tailed pigeons; rails; moorhens 

and gallinules; woodcock; common 

snipe; sandhill cranes; sea ducks; early 

(September) waterfowl seasons; 

mourning doves in Hawaii; migratory 

game birds in Alaska, Puerto Rico, and 

the Virgin Islands; youth waterfowl 

hunting day; and some extended 

falconry seasons. 

National Environmental Policy Act 

Consideration 

NEPA considerations are covered by 

the programmatic document ‘‘Final 

Supplemental Environmental Impact 

Statement: Issuance of Annual 

Regulations Permitting the Sport 

Hunting of Migratory Birds (FSES 88– 

14),’’ filed with the Environmental 

Protection Agency on June 9, 1988. We 

published a notice of availability in the 

Federal Register on June 16, 1988 (53 

FR 22582). We published our Record of 

Decision on August 18, 1988 (53 FR 

31341). Annual NEPA considerations 

are covered under a separate 

Environmental Assessment (EA), ‘‘Duck 

Hunting Regulations for 2007–08,’’ and 

an August 2007, Finding of No 

Significant Impact (FONSI). Copies of 

the EA and FONSI are available upon 

request from the address indicated 

under ADDRESSES. 

In a notice published in the 

September 8, 2005, Federal Register (70 

FR 53376), we announced our intent to 

develop a new Supplemental 

Environmental Impact Statement for the 

migratory bird hunting program. Public 

scoping meetings were held in the 

spring of 2006, as detailed in a March 

9, 2006, Federal Register (71 FR 12216). 

A scoping report summarizing the 

scoping comments and scoping 

meetings is available either at the 

address indicated under ADDRESSES or 

on our Web site at http://www.fws.gov/ 

migratorybirds. 

Endangered Species Act Consideration 

Section 7 of the Endangered Species 

Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531–1543; 

87 Stat. 884), provides that, ‘‘The 

Secretary shall review other programs 

administered by him and utilize such 

programs in furtherance of the purposes 

of this Act’’ (and) shall ‘‘insure that any 

action authorized, funded, or carried out 

* * * is not likely to jeopardize the 

continued existence of any endangered 

species or threatened species or result in 

the destruction or adverse modification 

of [critical] habitat * * *.’’ 

Consequently, we conducted formal 

consultations to ensure that actions 

resulting from these regulations would 

not likely jeopardize the continued 

existence of endangered or threatened 


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species or result in the destruction or 

adverse modification of their critical 

habitat. Findings from these 

consultations are included in a 

biological opinion, which concluded 

that the regulations are not likely to 

adversely affect any endangered or 

threatened species. Additionally, these 

findings may have caused modification 

of some regulatory measures previously 

proposed, and the final frameworks 

reflect any such modifications. Our 

biological opinions resulting from this 

Section 7 consultation are public 

documents available for public 

inspection at the address indicated 

under ADDRESSES. 

Executive Order 12866 

The migratory bird hunting 

regulations are economically significant 

and were reviewed by the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB) under 

Executive Order 12866. As such, a cost/ 

benefit analysis was initially prepared 

in 1981. This analysis was subsequently 

revised annually from 1990–96, updated 

in 1998, and updated again in 2004. It 

is further discussed under the heading 

Regulatory Flexibility Act. Results from 

the 2004 analysis indicate that the 

expected welfare benefit of the annual 

migratory bird hunting frameworks is on 

the order of $734 to $1,064 million, with 

a mid-point estimate of $899 million. 

Copies of the cost/benefit analysis are 

available upon request from the address 

indicated under ADDRESSES or from our 

Web site at http:// 

www.migratorybirds.gov. 

This year, due to limited data 

availability, we partially updated the 

2004 analysis, but restricted our 

analysis to duck hunting. Results 

indicate that the total consumer surplus 

of the annual duck hunting frameworks 

is on the order of $222 to $360 million, 

with a mid-point estimate of $291 

million. We plan to perform a full 

update of the analysis in 2008. Copies 

of the updated analysis are available 

upon request from the address indicated 

under ADDRESSES or from our Web site 

at http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/ 

reports/SpecialTopics/ 

EconomicAnalysis-2007Update.pdf. 

Regulatory Flexibility Act 

These regulations have a significant 

economic impact on substantial 

numbers of small entities under the 

Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 

et seq.). We analyzed the economic 

impacts of the annual hunting 

regulations on small business entities in 

detail as part of the 1981 cost-benefit 

analysis discussed under Executive 

Order 12866. This analysis was revised 

annually from 1990–95. In 1995, the 

Service issued a Small Entity Flexibility 

Analysis (Analysis), which was 

subsequently updated in 1996, 1998, 

and 2004. The primary source of 

information about hunter expenditures 

for migratory game bird hunting is the 

National Hunting and Fishing Survey, 

which is conducted at 5-year intervals. 

The 2004 Analysis was based on the 

2001 National Hunting and Fishing 

Survey and the U.S. Department of 

Commerce’s County Business Patterns, 

from which it was estimated that 

migratory bird hunters would spend 

between $481 million and $1.2 billion at 

small businesses in 2004. Copies of the 

Analysis are available upon request 

from the address indicated under 

ADDRESSES or from our Web site at 

http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds. 

This year, due to limited data 

availability, we partially updated the 

2004 analysis, but restricted our 

analysis to duck hunting. Results 

indicate that the duck hunters would 

spend between $291 million and $473.5 

million at small businesses in 2007. We 

plan to perform a full update of the 

analysis in 2008 when the full results 

from the 2006 National Hunting and 

Fishing Survey is available. Copies of 

the updated analysis are available upon 

request from the address indicated 

under ADDRESSES or from our Web site 

at http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/ 

reports/SpecialTopics/ 

EconomicAnalysis-2007Update.pdf. 

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement 

Fairness Act 

This rule is a major rule under 5 

U.S.C. 804(2), the Small Business 

Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act. 

For the reasons outlined above, this rule 

has an annual effect on the economy of 

$100 million or more. However, because 

it establishes hunting seasons, we do 

not plan to defer the effective date 

required by 5 U.S.C. 801 under the 

exemption contained in 5 U.S.C. 808(1). 

Paperwork Reduction Act 

We examined these regulations under 

the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, 

44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. The various 

recordkeeping and reporting 

requirements imposed under regulations 

established in 50 CFR part 20, subpart 

K, are utilized in the formulation of 

migratory game bird hunting 

regulations. Specifically, OMB has 

approved the information collection 

requirements of the surveys associated 

with the Migratory Bird Harvest 

Information Program and assigned 

clearance number 1018–0015 (expires 

2/29/2008). This information is used to 

provide a sampling frame for voluntary 

national surveys to improve our harvest 

estimates for all migratory game birds in 

order to better manage these 

populations. OMB has also approved 

the information collection requirements 

of the Sandhill Crane Harvest Survey 

and assigned clearance number 1018–

0023 (expires 11/30/2007). The 

information from this survey is used to 

estimate the magnitude and the 

geographical and temporal distribution 

of the harvest, and the portion it 

constitutes of the total population. 

A Federal agency may not conduct or 

sponsor and a person is not required to 

respond to a collection of information 

unless it displays a currently valid OMB 

control number. 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 

We have determined and certify, in 

compliance with the requirements of the 

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, 2 

U.S.C. 1502 et seq., that this rulemaking 

will not impose a cost of $100 million 

or more in any given year on local or 

State government or private entities. 

Therefore, this rule is not a ‘‘significant 

regulatory action’’ under the Unfunded 

Mandates Reform Act. 

Civil Justice Reform—Executive Order 

12988 

In promulgating this rule, we have 

determined that it will not unduly 

burden the judicial system and that it 

meets the requirements of sections 3(a) 

and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988. 

Takings Implication Assessment 

In accordance with Executive Order 

12630, this rule, authorized by the 

Migratory Bird Treaty Act, does not 

have significant takings implications 

and does not affect any constitutionally 

protected property rights. This rule will 

not result in the physical occupancy of 

property, the physical invasion of 

property, or the regulatory taking of any 

property. In fact, these rules allow 

hunters to exercise otherwise 

unavailable privileges and, therefore, 

reduce restrictions on the use of private 

and public property. 

Energy Effects—Executive Order 13211 

On May 18, 2001, the President issued 

Executive Order 13211 on regulations 

that significantly affect energy supply, 

distribution, and use. Executive Order 

13211 requires agencies to prepare 

Statements of Energy Effects when 

undertaking certain actions. While this 

rule is a significant regulatory action 

under Executive Order 12866, it is not 

expected to adversely affect energy 

supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, 

this action is not a significant energy 

action and no Statement of Energy 

Effects is required. 


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Government-to-Government 

Relationship With Tribes 

Due to the migratory nature of certain 

species of birds, the Federal 

Government has been given 

responsibility over these species by the 

Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Thus, in 

accordance with the President’s 

memorandum of April 29, 1994, 

‘‘Government-to-Government Relations 

with Native American Tribal 

Governments’’ (59 FR 22951), Executive 

Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have 

evaluated possible effects on Federally 

recognized Indian tribes and have 

determined that there are no effects on 

Indian trust resources. However, in the 

April 11 proposed rule (72 FR 18328) 

we solicited proposals for special 

migratory bird hunting regulations for 

certain Tribes on Federal Indian 

reservations, off-reservation trust lands, 

and ceded lands for the 2007–08 

migratory bird hunting season. The 

resulting proposals will be contained in 

a separate proposed rule. By virtue of 

these actions, we have consulted with 

all the Tribes affected by this rule. 

Federalism Effects 

Due to the migratory nature of certain 

species of birds, the Federal 

Government has been given 

responsibility over these species by the 

Migratory Bird Treaty Act. We annually 

prescribe frameworks from which the 

States make selections regarding the 

hunting of migratory birds, and we 

employ guidelines to establish special 

regulations on Federal Indian 

reservations and ceded lands. This 

process preserves the ability of the 

States and tribes to determine which 

seasons meet their individual needs. 

Any State or tribe may be more 

restrictive than the Federal frameworks 

at any time. The frameworks are 

developed in a cooperative process with 

the States and the Flyway Councils. 

This process allows States to participate 

in the development of frameworks from 

which they will make selections, 

thereby having an influence on their 

own regulations. These rules do not 

have a substantial direct effect on fiscal 

capacity, change the roles or 

responsibilities of Federal or State 

governments, or intrude on State policy 

or administration. Therefore, in 

accordance with Executive Order 13132, 

these regulations do not have significant 

federalism effects and do not have 

sufficient federalism implications to 

warrant the preparation of a Federalism 

Assessment. 

Regulations Promulgation 

The rulemaking process for migratory 

game bird hunting must, by its nature, 

operate under severe time constraints. 

However, we intend that the public be 

given the greatest possible opportunity 

to comment. Thus, when the 

preliminary proposed rulemaking was 

published, we established what we 

believed were the longest periods 

possible for public comment. In doing 

this, we recognized that when the 

comment period closed, time would be 

of the essence. That is, if there were a 

delay in the effective date of these 

regulations after this final rulemaking, 

States would have insufficient time to 

select season dates and limits, to 

communicate those selections to us, and 

to establish and publicize the necessary 

regulations and procedures to 

implement their decisions. We therefore 

find that ‘‘good cause’’ exists, within the 

terms of 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3) of the 

Administrative Procedure Act, and 

these regulations will, therefore, take 

effect immediately upon publication. 

Accordingly, with each conservation 

agency having had an opportunity to 

participate in selecting the hunting 

seasons desired for its State or Territory 

on those species of migratory birds for 

which open seasons are now prescribed, 

and consideration having been given to 

all other relevant matters presented, 

certain sections of title 50, chapter I, 

subchapter B, part 20, subpart K, are 

hereby amended as set forth below. 

List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 20 

Exports, Hunting, Imports, Reporting 

and recordkeeping requirements, 

Transportation, Wildlife. 

Dated: August 22, 2007. 

Todd Willens, 

Acting Assistant Secretary for Fish and 

Wildlife and Parks. 

■ For the reasons set out in the 

preamble, title 50, chapter I, subchapter 

B, part 20, subpart K of the Code of 

Federal Regulations is amended as 

follows: 

PART 20—[AMENDED] 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 20 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703–712 and 16 

U.S.C. 742 a–j, Pub. L. 106–108. 

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[FR Doc. 07–4255 Filed 8–29–07; 8:45 am] 

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