### United States Environmental Protection Agency Air and Radiation EPA420-P-98-007 May 1998


# Program User Guide for Interim Vehicle Clean Screening Credit Utility
DRAFT REPORTMay 7, 1998 Transmittal ofthe Draft "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean Screening Credit Utility"

EPA is today releasing draft guidance on the interim use ofclean screening methodologies in state Inspection and Maintenance (l/M) programs. The purpose ofthe guidance is to share technical information with states and other interested parties, and to advise them ofcertain types ofl/M changes EPA is inclined to approve, should states choose to incorporate them into existing orplanned l/Mprograms. The draft guidance is in the form oftwo documents and a computer program. One document addresses concepts and documents the derivation ofthe credit loss estimates. The other documentprovides detailed steps for use ofthe FORTRAN utility program which is executed before executing MOBILE5b. The clean screening concepts described in the draft guidance are potentially ofconsiderable importance to those involved in l/M planning and implementation. In general, clean screening is aimed at making l/M programs more cost effective by focusing inspections on cars more likely than others to be high emitters in need ofrepair. Clean screening can be used to reduce the number ofcars required to be inspected each year--with less than a proportional loss ofemission reduction benefit--which can lead to a more cost-effective l/M program. Please note that all credit estimates in this draft guidance are not final, and may change as a result ofnew data or insights broughtto EPA's attention during this review and commentprocess. Credit loss estimates for vehicle emitterprofiling will change, as EPA continues to make refinements to this part its analysis. Even once finalized, EPA may from time to time revise the guidance to reflect the best available data and understanding ofclean screening options

. The draft guidance outlines three broad concepts which could be used to excuse likely low emitters from traditional l/M testing: remote sensing, vehicle emitterprofiling, and model year exemptions. The guidance provides briefbackground and summary information on each ofthe three concepts, comments on the practical application ofclean screening in an operating or planned l/M program, analyses ofthe probable credit ramifications associated with each approach based on data sets currently available to EPA, instructions onhow to calculate rough estimates ofthe credit loss each methodology would likely cause in a specific l/M program, and a list ofreferences EPAused to prepare the draft guidance

. In preparing this draft guidance, EPA considered a variety ofsources and data sets currently available, which are listed in the "References" section ofthe guidance

. The majority of information available comes from analytical studies,pilotprograms, and modeling exercises aimed at predicting the immediate credit effect states could expect to experience when choosing to implement clean screening in an l/M program. While two ofthe concepts outlined in the guidance (RSD and model year exemption) are not new, they have not yet beenused as a clean screen in anyl/Mprogram. Consequently, there is no large body ofreal-world application data

. Likewise, utilizing vehicle emitterprofiling to identify clean vehicles is fairly new concept as aclean screening option, rather than a tried and true approach. In addition, EPA has had to develop a modeling approach for using information on immediate credit effects to predict credit effects in future years when the mix and condition ofcars on the road will be different. Forthese reasons, EPA is particularly interested in receiving comments on the following:

• additional data sets and analysis not referenced in the draft documents the analytical approaches used in determining the modeling protocol for both RSD and vehicle emitter profiling, and any alternatives which maybe useful options on how to keep an a vehicle emitterprofile up to date for a given area without compromising the technical foundation ofthe profile how EPA and states should approach the ongoing evaluation ofclean screeningprograms in operation EPA is soliciting comment on the draft guidance for 60 days, until July 11, 1998

. Comments can be submitted electronically, by mail, orbyFAX, at the following locations: Electronically, to Joe Somers at: somers.joseph@epa.gov Bymail: Joe Somers U.S. EPA Assessment and Modeling Division 2000 Traverwood Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48105 Phone: 734/214-4321 ByFAX: 734/214-4821

Additionally, EPA will make every effort to include a discussion ofthe clean screen guidance at any EPA/stakeholdermeetings which occur during the commentperiod. Once EPAhas reviewed the comments and incorporated them appropriately, we will finalize the guidance for release and immediate use. We expect this to take place in the fall of 1998.Table ofContents

1.0 BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

........... .. .... . .. .. .. . .... . .. . ..... ... .. 1 2

.0 DESCRIPTION OF CLEAN SCREENING

.. . ...... . .. . .. . .. .... .. . .... . .. . ..... 1 3.0 CLEAN SCREENING EFFECTS

. . ..... . ... .. . . . .. . ..... ... .... .... . . . ..... . .. 1 3.1Basic Clean-Screening EffectMethodology

.... . .. . .... . . .. . .. .. . . . . ... . . ..... 2 3

.2 Options for Fleet Coverage for RSD

........................................ 3 3.2.1 Option 1: Commitmentto a Level ofEffort

.. . ......... . .... . .... . ....4 3.2.2 Option 2: Commitment to a Specific Fleet Coverage

..................... 5 3

.3 Clean-Screening Effectiveness

............................................. 7 4.0 CLEAN-SCREENING UTILITY

......... . .. . ..... . ..... . ...... . .... . ... . . .. . . 8 4

.1 Clean-Screening Utility Input Structure

. .. . ......... . .. . ..... . ............... 8 4.1.1 Control Section ofInput File

....................................... 9 4.1.2 Filenames Section

.............. . ............ . ................... 10 4.1.3 RSD Fleet Coverage Option 1: Data Section

.......................... 11 4.1.4 RSD Fleet Coverage Option 2: Data Section

.... .. .. ..... . . . . .. . . . .. . . 13 4.1.5 Program 5: Clean Screening Data Section

............................ 14 4.1.6 User Supplied RSD Based Clean Screening Effectiveness

............... 16 4

. 1.7 User Supplied RSD-Based Clean-Screening Vehicle Fractions

............ 18 4.1.8 User Supplied Vehicle EmissionProfiling Effectiveness

................. 19 4.1.9 User Supplied Vehicle EmissionProfiling Fractions

.... . ..... . ......... 21 4

.2 Using Clean-Screening I/M Credits with MOBILES

........................... 23 APPENDIX A List ofRecords for RSD Utility

. .. . .. . ......... . ..... . ... . .. . .. ......... . ..... . . . 26 APPENDIXB Example Clean-screening InputFiles

. . .............. . ...... . ........ . ...... . . . ... 29 Example #1: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitmentto Level ofEffort

...... . ... ......................................... . .. . . .......... 30 Example #2: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitmentto Specific Fleet Coverage

.................................................................. 32 Example #3: YEP Based Clean-screening

........ ... .... ..... . ...................... . ..... .... . . . . .. ....... 35 Example #4: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Level ofEffort and With Alternate Effectiveness and Excused Fractions

. .. ............... . . . 381.0 BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY "Clean screening" is a generic term for methods used to identify vehicles which are low emitting for purposes ofexempting these "clean" vehicles from the next scheduled test in the periodic vehicle inspection and maintenance (l/M) program required by some state and local areas. In September 1996, EPA released a document entitled "User Guide and Description for Interim Remote Sensing Program Credit Utility" (EPA 420-R-96-004) providing details on a program for States to obtain extra I/M emission credits for using remote-sensing devices (RSD) to find high-emitting vehicles and requiring them to obtain early (out ofsequence) l/Mtests. That guidance remains unchanged. The original release ofthe RSD creditutility did not include options for using RSD for clean screening

. This program option has now been added to the utility along with other clean screening methods, including vehicle emission profiling (VEP). This user guide is intended as a companion document to the original user guide. Users should refer to that document for information about RSD options to identify high-emitting vehicles

. 2.0 DESCRIPTION OF CLEAN SCREENING The original objective ofRSD was to identify high emitters in the vehicle fleet. However, the measurement ofthe emissions ofvehicles can also be used to identify "clean" vehicles with a high probability ofpassing its periodic inspection test. It is expected that by exempting these vehicles from the next periodic inspection, I/M programs can reduce the burden on the inspection system, reduce vehicle ownercosts, and increase convenience and program acceptance
. A more detailed description ofhow remote-sensing is done is contained in the original 1996 user guide

. Othermethods can be used to identify clean vehicles for exemption from the l/Mprogram. One method, VEP is included in this utility

. This method uses known factors about vehicle emissions based on large l/M databases with historic records offailures for different vehicle models to choose low-emitting vehicles for exemption without explicit emission measurements. Another option for clean screening is to exempt entire model years from inspection. Model years can be exempted using parameters within the MOBILES model l/M Program Descriptive Record without the use ofthis utility

. A separate document, "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean Screening Credit Utility," (EPA 420-P-98-008) provides a more detailed description ofthe various approaches to clean-screening programs, the emission benefit impacts ofclean-screening, and how the emission estimates were determined. This document is the basis for the default effectiveness values used in this utility. 3.0 CLEAN SCREENING EFFECTS The EPA MOBILES model stores the credits for all l/Mprograms in separate data files that are read during MOBILE runs. EPA can modify or supplement these files to add new data and/or options that were not included in the original release ofthe model, without the need for anew version ofthe MOBILE model itself. The credits in the I/M credit files can thus be adjusted, as needed, to reflect the operation ofclean-screening scenarios. Since clean-screening excuses vehicles from their next scheduled inspection, the primary effects clean-screening methods have on the benefits ofany specific I/M program is to reduce the number ofvehicles which receive repairs

. Thepurpose ofthis utility, then, is to reduce the benefit attributed to 

### VM programs in the 

### VM credit file to reflect the effect ofclean-screening vehicle exemptions. Because excusing vehicles from inspection reduces the number ofvehicles checked for evaporative emission problems in those I/M programs including evaporative emission checks, the evaporative programbenefits must also be reduced

. 3.1 Basic Clean-Screening Effect Methodology The clean-screening effects are a function oftwo basic parameters: 1) the fraction ofall vehicles in each model yearthat is eligible to be excused from their next scheduled inspection, and 2) the effectiveness ofthe clean-screening method at identifying vehicles which are truly clean

. The determination ofthe fraction ofeligible vehicles and effectiveness is done for each model year (vehicle age) in the fleet. Only vehicles with sufficient information to allow for the clean-screening determination are eligible vehicles. Mathematically, the process to adjust the I/M credits is as follows:
New Creditm, p=Old Creditm, p

## *Fm 

## *Em, p Where: Old Credit = 

### VM credit from the periodic inspection program; F

E

m 

### p Adjusted fraction ofthe inspected fleet eligible for clean-screening (referenced below as fleet coverage); Effectiveness ofclean-screening at identification ofclean vehicles; Quantity is a function of vehicle model year; and Quantity is a function ofpollutant (i.e., HC, CO orNOx)

. (1)

In the equation, the influence ofthe underlying I/M program is represented by the variable Old Creditm, pwhich is chosen from the already-released I/M credits used with the MOBILES model. The variables Fm and Em,pin the equation represent the clean-screening fleet coverage and the remote-sensing effectiveness

. The fleet coverage is determined as explained in the original user guide (and repeated below). Only coverage options 1 and 2 are allowed for clean-screening scenanos.


### 2

### 3.2 Options for Fleet Covera2e for RSD Fleet coverage is the fraction "F" in the equation given earlier. The clean-screening utility allows a state two options for fleet coverage for RSD-based scenarios. The first option is commitment to a level ofeffort in which a state commits to a specific number ofvehicles that will have valid RSD tests (i.e., valid readings ofHC/CO and NOx (ifa NOx cutpoint is used) on a specific vehicle, valid recording oflicense plate, and ability to contact vehicle owners for any required 

### VM test) in a given time period. The RSD clean-screening utility will internally convert the number of RSD tests to fleet coverage assuming the vehicles to be eligible for cleanscreening must receive two ormore valid RSD tests. The second option is to commit to a specific RSD fleet coverage in which a certain percentage ofthe fleet will receive two ormore valid RSD tests. These options are discussed in detail in Sections 3.3

. 1 and 3.3.2 in the original user guide for RSD

. The third vehicle coverage option available in the original 1996 utility (committing to find a specific number ofl/M failures using RSD) cannot be applied to RSD clean-screeningprograms and is not discussed here. Vehicle Emission Profiling (YEP) programs assume complete (100%) vehicle coverage and are unaffected by the user choice offleet coverage options. 

### Option 1: Commitment to aLevelofE[fort The user specifies the number ofvalid remote-sensing measurements done

. Theutility estimates vehicle coverage from this informationusing coverage information derived from a Poisson distribution. The default effectiveness values for RSD-based clean-screening in this utility assume that each excused vehicle has had at least two valid RSD readings. The method used to make the estimate is described in a later section. 

### Option 2: Commitment to aSpecific Fleet Coverage The user specifies the fraction ofthe fleet in each model year that is seenusing remotesensing. This fraction should be only the fraction ofthe fleet which has had sufficient valid remote-sensing measurements to allow an affirmative decision regarding exemption from the next 

### VM inspection. Forexample, ifa state decides (to minimize the chance that a dirty vehicle will be excused from its next scheduled inspection) that at least two valid passing RSD readings are needed to make a vehicle eligible for exemption from l/M, this fraction should represent the portion ofthe fleet that has received two RSD readings.

3The default effectiveness values for RSD based clean-screening in this utility assume that each excused vehicle must have at least two valid RSD readings. Ifa state decides that some other minimum number ofvalid RSD readings (e.g., one or three) will be used in their RSD program, then the default values for the effects ofRSD based clean-screening (based on two valid readings) cannot be used

. Section4.1 describes how the usermay enter the alternate effectiveness values ifsome other minimum number ofvalid RSD readings are required. Since newer vehicles travel more and normally make up a larger fraction ofall vehicles in an area than older vehicles, newer model years will tend to be more likely to be seen by a remote-sensing device than oldervehicles. As a result, the fraction ofall vehicles in a given model year which are eligible for exemption from its next I/M inspection will be larger for newer model years than for older model years. Therefore, a program whose intention it is to exempt a given fraction ofthe fleet will exempt mostly the newer model years. 

### 3.2.1 Option 1: Commitment to a Level ofEffort This is the simplest ofthe three options in which a state looks at its resources and commits to obtaining a specific number ofRSD readings per month. In this option, a modified Poisson algorithm is used to estimate the number ofvehicles seen by remote-sensing each year in orderto calculate the fraction ofthe fleet tested by remote-sensing (factor F). This is necessary, since the fraction ofall vehicles in the fleet which are measured by remote-sensing is a function ofthe total number ofremote-sensing measurements, but is less than obtained by looking at the number ofRSD readings since some vehicles are seen multiple times by RSD. A Poisson algorithm is a standard method to model such a situation. This phenomenonwas demonstrated in the California Bureau ofAutomotive Repair Study done in Sacramento where some individual vehicles were measured several times over the course ofthe study. This fraction is a function of the annual average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) ofa vehicle model year at a given age compared to its VMT when new. The algorithm used to calculate remote-sensing coverage involves a modification to Lambda in the Poisson series using the ratio ofthe VMT ofthe youngest model year (age) to the VMT of the model year (age) being estimated. This adjustment uses national average VMT information, but the VMT information can be modified by the user to reflect local, rather than national default, information. The form ofthe equation is as follows: P = 1.0

- exp( k 

## * -Lambda) (2) Where k is the ratio ofVMTs, k = VMT(current age)/VMT(age=l). (3)

4This algorithm is calculated for each model year and gives the probability ofmeasuring emissions from vehicles ofa given model year. One sums the probabilities for each model year to obtain an overall probability for all vehicles

. In addition, as mentioned later, this option permits the user to specify only vehicles with more than one RSD reading as having sufficient information to allow an affirmative decision. Such a specification will lower the overall fraction ofthe fleet seen. Ifan I/M program encourages drivers to visit announced RSD sites in hopes ofearning an exemption from I/M inspection, orifthis practice develops even without encouragement, the Poisson-based coverage estimates may not be applicable

. Actual experience may be the only way to determine coverage accurately

. The utility allows the actual observed coverage estimates to be inputted using Option 2 (below). 3.2.2 Option 2: Commitment to a Specific Fleet Covera2e
In this option, the user inputs related to remote-sensing effort are replaced by a commitment to obtain valid remote-sensing readings on a specific fraction ofthe fleet as determined by the state. This commitment is for sufficient RSD readings for each vehicle age category (i.e., by model year) separately to meet the commitment ofvehicles for RSD targeting. This requires the user to supply the number ofcurrent vehicles ofeach age and the number ofthose vehicles which are committed to be seen by remote-sensing in the nextyear. The default effectiveness values for RSD-based clean-screening in this utility assume that each excused vehicle must have at least two (2) valid RSD readings. Ifa state decides that some other minimum number ofvalid RSD readings (e.g., 1or3) will be used in their RSD program, then the default values for the effects ofRSD-based clean-screening (based on two valid readings) cannot be used. Section4.1 describes how the usermay enterthe alternate effectiveness values ifsome otherminimum number ofvalid RSD readings are required. There are no default values for this fleet coverage option

. Some areas may nothave information available regarding the distribution ofnumber ofvehicles by age that will likely be seen twice using RSD methods before the clean-screening program actually begins. One approach would be to use the level ofeffort (Option 1) method to define the vehicle coverage for clean-screening instead ofOption 2, where the distribution information is required. Another approach would be to estimate the distribution for different coverage targets using the same Poissonmethodology as described in Option 1. Table 1shows the results ofusing the Poisson methodology as described in Option 1 to estimate the numberofvehicles by age that will likely be seen twice by RSD

. This estimate assumes MOBILES default values for mileage accumulation and the default passenger car age distribution

.

5

### Table 1 

### Distribution ofthe Number ofVehicles by Age Seen Twice by Remote Sensing Versus a TargetFleet Coverage Target Fleet Coverage V h. 1 A

e 1c e _ge 30o/c f h Fl 50o/c f h Fl 70o/c f h Fl o o t e eet o o t e eet o o t e eet 1 47% 71% 89% 2 40% 64% 84% 3 41% 65% 85% 4 39% 62% 82% 5 36% 59% 80% 6 34% 56% 77% 7 31% 53% 75% 8 29% 50% 72% 9 27% 47% 69% 10 25% 44% 66% 11 23% 42% 63% 12 21% 39% 60% 13 20% 36% 57% 14 18% 34% 54% 15 17% 32% 51% 16 15% 29% 48% 17 14% 27% 45% 18 13% 25% 43% 19 12% 23% 40% 20 11% 21% 37% 21 10% 20% 35% 22 9% 18% 32% 23 8% 17% 30% 24 7% 15% 28% 25 7% 15% 28% For example, about 30% had two ormore RSD readings in the California Bureau of Automotive Repair Study in Sacramento. Ifthis was the target coverage for the proposed RSDbased clean-screening program, the distribution in the above table for the 30% fleet coverage could beused as an estimate ofthe distribution ofvehicles seen twice for purposes ofcalculating the effects ofRSD based clean-screening. 

### 3.3 Clean-Screenin2Effectiveness
6Clean-screening effectiveness (factorE) refers to the ability ofthe clean-screening tests to correctly identify vehicles which would pass an I/M inspection. 

### Ifassuming that, using remotesensing was possible to identify only those vehicles in that fleet that would pass an 

### VM inspection, then the effectiveness ofremote-sensing for clean-screening would be 100 percent. In practice, not all vehicles identified by remote-sensing for exemption from inspection would pass the 

### VM inspection. In general, there will be a non-linearrelationship between the percent of vehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection and the emissions benefit loss, since the least dirty cars will be the first to pass. The shortfall in 

### VM benefit caused by the exemption of failing vehicles depends primarily on the remote-sensing emission measurement cutpoints chosen by the program. In vehicle emission profiling (VEP) programs, a variety offactors are used to identify vehicles for exemption. As in RSD-based clean-screening, the effectiveness of these programs will depend onhow well they can identify only those vehicles that will pass the 

### VM inspection. The full derivation ofthe default values used for clean-screening effectiveness is discussed in a separate document entitled, "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean Screening Credit Utility," (EPA 420-P-98-008)

. Some programs include a functional check ofthe evaporative pressure and/or purge system. Itis assumed that each vehicle excused from its next scheduled inspection in the periodic inspection program based on the clean-screening program has an equal probability ofhaving excess evaporative emissions as those vehicles which are inspected. (This is in contrastto the non-linearrelationship for tailpipe emissions.) This means that the reduction in pressure/purge effectiveness is directly proportional to the fraction ofall vehicles (by age) which are excused from their next scheduled inspection by the clean-screeningprogram. However, since most vehicles eligible for clean-screening will be newer model years (with fewer evaporative failures), the loss in program benefit will be considerably less than the fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection

. The default effectiveness values for RSD-based clean-screening in this utility assume that each excused vehicle must have at least two (2) valid RSD readings. 

### Ifa state decides that some other minimum number ofvalid RSD readings (e.g., 1or3) will be used in their RSD program, then the default values for the effects ofRSD-based clean-screening (based on two valid readings) cannot be used

. Section4.1 describes how the user may enterthe alternate effectiveness values ifsome otherminimum number ofvalid RSD readings are required. The default effectiveness values used by the RSD-based clean-screening utility will assume that the effectiveness ofthe underlying 

### VM program inspections is closer to the effectiveness of the IM240 test procedure using the recommended phase-in cutpoints. This is the information currently available and described in the document cited above. The utility also contains effectiveness values for RSD-based clean-screening which assume that the effectiveness ofthe underlying I/M program inspections is closer to the effectiveness ofthe IM240 test procedure using the recommended final cutpoints. However, the user must specify that the alternate effectiveness numbers are to be used by the utility, as described in later sections. The more effective the underlying I/M program is, the more likely it is that clean-screening will excuse some potentially failing vehicles from their next scheduled inspection, increasing the loss of


### 7benefit to the I/Mprogram. 

### 4.0 CLEAN-SCREENING UTILITY 4.1**Clean-Screenin~** 

### Utility Input Structure The updated remote-sensing utility is identical in input structure to the original utility for the existing RSD options and programs. Much ofthe description ofsections from the original user guide which may be useful for clean-screening options is repeated in this user guide for convemence. The remote-sensing utility is designed to be used once for a scenario selected by the user. The scenario is for one evaluation calendaryear, and each model year is indexed by its age in that calendar year, not by the model year itself. Itis assumed that the number ofscenarios that a user might consider is small enough so thatbatch run options are not necessary. Each run requires a single input file which contains all ofthe information required by the utility and supplied by the user. The user is prompted for the name (including the path, ifnot in the local directory) ofthe input file. Ifthe user selects the Vehicle EmissionProfiling (YEP) based clean-screening option, the user must enterboth the effectiveness and fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection. There are no default values stored in this utility for those choices and without the user supplied data, the resulting I/M credits will not reflect the effect ofthe YEP program. Guidance onhow to determine the effectiveness and fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection for YEP programs can be found in a separate document entitled, "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean Screening Credit Utility," (EPA 420- P-98-008). The remote-sensing utility is run by simply invoking its name (RSDNEW.EXE) at the DOS prompt. The utility will prompt the user on the screen for the name ofthe input file. Enter the name of the remote-sensing input file: (default RSD.D) All inputs have default values. Here, ifthe user does not enter a name, the utility will look for a file labeled "RSD.D" in the local directory. Enter the name ofthe file containing the control information that has been constructed for the desired scenario. This is the only interactive user input necessary to run the utility. The following sections describe how to constructthe input file. The input file contains all of the remaining information needed to calculate the remote-sensing effects, including the location ofthe original I/M credit data files and the names and location ofthe output remote-sensing credit files. The input file is structured so that each line (record) begins with an identification number.
8

### This number indicates what information is contained on that record and allows the records to be entered in any order. Although some records are mandatory, any records missing from the input file revert to default values stored in the utility. In this way, only the information that the user wishes to supply is included in the input file. Any records with a record number of000 are considered comment records and are not processed. In addition, text may be added to records beyond the last formatted data entry on any card to clarify the contents ofthat record. This additional text is not read orprocessed by the utility

. A summary ofall ofthe input records and their contents is shown in Appendix A. Many of these records do not apply to clean-screening options and are not described in this user guide. A description ofthese records and their contents can be found in the original RSD user guide. 4.1.1 Control Section ofInput File 

### Records 001 and 002 are mandatory records

. Record 001 contains the user selection ofthe fleet coverage option. The format ofthis record is (13,l lX,Il), meaning the first three characters contain the record number, followed by 11 blank characters, followed by the user selection ofOption. Any characters following the user selection are ignored by the utility, but can be used to annotate the input file. The available option levels for RSD-based clean-screening are: 1: Commitment to a Level ofEffort; and 2: Commitmentto a Specific Fleet Coverage An additional option is available in

.the RSD utility (Commitmentto a Number ofFailures), but this option is not available for use with clean-screeningprograms. A more complete description ofthe third user option is located in the original RSD user guide. Although fleet coverage is assumed to be 100% for vehicle emission profiling (YEP) options, Record 001 must be entered. Since Option 2 requires more user input, users who intend to select a YEP cleanscreening scenario should choose Option 1

. Record 002 contains the user selection ofI/M program design. The format ofthis record is identical to Record 001. For clean-screening, this record must be set to: 5: Clean-Screening Remote-Sensing Program

A more complete description ofthe other four user options is located in the original 1996 RSD user guide. The usermust always enter both Record 001 and 002 in order to use the remote- sensing utility

. The following is an example input ofthe control section, including some added comments to add clarity.

9000 Control Section 000

--------------- 001 2 Option (may be 1, 2, or 3, butmay not be 3 ifProgram Type is 5) 002 5 Program Type (may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5)

4.1.2 Filenames Section
In this section, Records 005 through 008 indicate the name and location ofthe standard 

### VM credit data files and Records 015 through 018 determine the location and name ofthe resulting remote-sensing adjusted 

### VM credit data files. Normally, the resulting 

### VM credit data will be written to the filenames in Records 015-018

. The indicated 

### VM credit input files are not altered bythe utility

. Instead, new replacement credit files are created with the appropriate adjustment ofthe I/M credits to reflect the effects ofthe user specified remote-sensing program. The format ofeach record is 

### (13, 1X,A40), meaning the first three characters contain the record number, the next character is blank, followed byup to 40 characters which indicate the file name, including any necessary path information

. 

### Ifno path is specified, the data files must reside in the same (local) directory from which the utility is run. The record numbers for each file are as follows. 

### InputFiles

Record Description

005: 1981 and newermodel year credits 006: 1981 and newermodel year Retest-Hybrid credits 007: Pre-1981 model yearcredits 008: Pre-1981 model yearRetest-Hybrid credits 009: Standard pressure/purge credits 010: Retest-Hybrid pressure/purge credits 

### Output Files Record Description

011 : Adjusted standardpressure/purge credits 012: Adjusted Retest-Hybridpressure/ purge credits 015: Adjusted 1981 andnewermodel yearcredits 016: Adjusted 1981 and newer model yearRetest-Hybrid 017: Adjusted Pre-1981 model year credits 018: Adjusted Pre-1981 model yearRetest-Hybrid credits Since there are default filenames for the standard 

### VM credit files and the output files, the user may skip all ofthese input records and the default names are used. All ofthe files, however, 10must be in the local directory. The following is an example input ofthe filename section, using files other than the default filenames, including some added comments to add clarity. 000 User Input and Output Filenames 000

---------------------------------------- 005 C:\DATA\IMl.D 006 C:\DATA\IMH.D 007 TCl.D 008 TCH.D 009 PP

.D 010 PPH.D 011 PPRSD.D 012 PPHRSD.D 015RSDDATl1.D 016 RSDDATA

.H 017 TECDATll.D 018 TECDATA.H Default Filename IMDATA.D HYBRID.IMC TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PPM5RSD.D PPHYRSD.D RSDDATA.D RSDDATA.H TECDATA.D TECDATA

.H Formaximum flexibility, separate input has been allowed for Retest-Hybrid l/Mcredits for the pre-1981 model year vehicles, eventhough EPA has not calculated separate credits for that case. For this reason, the default input for that case is identical to the standard input file. 

### 4.1.3 RSD Fleet Covera2e Option 1: Data Section The first vehicle coverage input option requires that the user supply information on the level ofeffort which is applied to make a given number ofvalid vehicle measurements using remotesensing

. This information includes: 

### Record Description 021: The number ofvehicles in the fleet 022: The number ofvalid measurements permonth that are made using remote-sensing devices 023: The number oftimes that a vehicle must be seen by RSD before it can be targeted for RSD based clean-screening. (This value must be "2" for RSD based clean-screening options

.) In addition, the usermay supply the average vehicle miles traveled peryearby vehicle age to override the MOBILES default values normally used in the calculations

. The number ofvehicles in the fleet represents the population ofvehicles which are subject to the inspection program in the area. This number excludes out-of-area vehicles and vehicles excused from the inspection

. The number ofvehicles in the fleet is entered on Record 021. The format for this record is (13,IX,111). The number ofvalid measurements permonth that are made using remote-sensing devices is
11the primary measure ofthe level ofeffort related to vehicle coverage. The number ofvalid measurements that can be made with remote-sensing devices depends on a great variety of factors including the number ofpractical remote-sensing locations, the number ofdevices provided, the amount ofstaffrequired and available to operate the remote-sensing devices, the density ofvehicles subject to the inspection program at the remote-sensing sites, the number of hours and days that the remote-sensing devices are operated, the staffallocated to remote-sensing data processing and the quality ofthe remote-sensing readings

. The number entered by the user represents the commitment by the program to expend sufficient effort to make that numper of valid measurements in each month

. This number is entered on Record 022

. The format for this record is (13,lX,111). The number oftimes that a state determines a vehicle must be seenusing remote-sensing before it can be excused from I/M inspection is entered on Record 023. The default value for this record is two, and although the utility allows the user to specify up to 11 measurements; the present EPA effects ofRSD-based clean-screening are based on two measurements and give no additional credit for multiple measurements beyond two. User entry ofless than or greater than two measurements is ignored. The format for this record is (13,lX,111)

. The following is an example input ofthe Option 1data section, using values otherthan the default values, including some added comments to add clarity

. 000 000 021 022 023 Option 1 Data Section 810498 110808 2 No. of vehicles in inspection area default 1000000 Valid veh. measurements per month default 50000 No. times a veh. must be measured default 2 (1-11 ) In addition,the user may supply the average vehicle miles traveled peryear by vehicle age to override the MOBILES default values normally used in the calculations. This requires the entry of25 separate records (Records 101 through 125)

. Record 101 contains the mileage accumulation ofvehicles from 0 to 1year ofage. Record 102 contains the mileage accumulation ofvehicles from 1to 2 years ofage, and so forth

. Since vehicles are more likely to be measured ifthey are driven more, a higher mileage accumulation in proportion to other vehicles increases the expected number ofvehicles ofthat age that are measured. The default values assume that all vehicles travel the roadways which are monitored using remote-sensing. Ifremote-sensing is to be restricted to only some roadways (such as limited access freeways), the distribution of mileages should be adjusted to reflect the actual distribution ofages expected on those roadways

. The format for these records is (13,lX,111). 4.1.4 RSD Fleet Coverai:e Option 2: Data Section The second vehicle coverage input option requires that the user supply information on the fraction ofthe fleet in each model year which have sufficient valid vehicle measurements using remote-sensing to allow an affirmative decision on exemption

. For example, ifit takes, at minimum, two RSD tests excuse a vehicle from it's next I/M inspection, this is the fraction ofthe fleet which will be measured two ormore times by RSD

. This is a commitment on the part ofthe program to apply sufficientresources to find and measure a fraction ofeach model year using remote-sensing. The fraction ofthe fleet measured can vary from model year to model year, 12reflecting the difficulty in finding and measuring older model years, which drive less and tend to avoid some roadway types, such as limited access freeways. A separate record must be entered for each of25 vehicle ages (Records 201through225). There are no default values for these inputs

. Each record contains the record number, the number ofvehicles ofthat age which are eligible for targeting each year (i.e., the total number of vehicles subject to state regulation), and the total number ofvehicles ofthat age in the vehicle fleet which have sufficient information to allow an affirmative decision on whetherto excuse those vehicles from their next l/M inspection (i.e

., the total number ofvehicles in the eligible fleet on which a state commits to obtain valid remote-sensing readings). The entry ofboth the number ofvehicles subject to the program and the numberexpected to be eligible for cleanscreening in each vehicle age (instead ofa fractional estimate) provides an explicit goal ofthe number ofvehicles which must obtain valid remote-sensing readings in each vehicle age (model year) in orderto achieve the effect estimated by the utility. The format for the record is (13,lX,2111)

. This means that the first 3 characters contain the record number, the next character is a blank followed by an integer number in the next 11 spaces, indicating the total number ofvehicles ofthat age subject to state regulation, followed by another integer number in the next 11 spaces, indicating the number ofvehicles in that age which have sufficient valid vehicle measurements using remote-sensing to allow an affirmative decision on whether to excuse those vehicles from their next 

### VM inspection. The following is an example input ofthe Option 2 data section. The example assumes a MOBILES default distribution of 1million vehicles and assumes, using remote-sensing, that 50% (500,000) ofthe vehicles will get two ormore valid RSD tests. The distribution ofthe 500,000 vehicles among the ages ofvehicles is taken from the examples in Section 3

.3

.2 ofthis document. The records include some added comments after the numbers to add clarity. 000 OQtion 2 Data Section 000 

### Total Eligible 000


## ------ ---------- ---- -- 201 49000 34761 

### Option 2 

### Age 0
- 1 202 79000 50544 

### Option 2 

### Age 1 - 2 203 83000 54025 

### Option 2 

### Age 2
- 3 204 82000 50922 

### Option 2 

### Age 3 - 4 205 84000 49644 

### Option 2 

### Age 4
- 5 206 81000 45433 

### Option 2 

### Age 5 - 6 207 77000 40895 

### Opti on 2 

### Age 6

- 7 208 56000 28084 

### Option 2 

### Age 7


### - 8 209 50000 24103 

### Option 2 

### Age 8


### - 9 210 51000 22659 

### Option 2 

### Age 9


### - 10 211 50000 20835 

### Option 2 

### Age 10


### - 11 212 54000 21060 

### Option 2 

### Age 11

- 12 213 47000 17122 

### Option 2 

### Age 12

- 13 214 37000 12565 

### Option 2 

### Age 13


### - 14 215 24000 7579 

### Option 2 

### Age 14
- 15 216 19000 5573 

### Option 2 

### Age 15



### - 16 13217 14000 3807 Option 2 Age 16

- 17 218 15000 3774 Option 2 Age 17
- 18 219 11000 2556 Option 2 Age 18

- 19 220 8000 1715 Option 2 Age 19


### - 20 221 6000 1185 Option 2 Age 20


### - 21 222 5000 908 Option 2 Age 21


### - 22 223 4000 667 Option 2 Age 22

- 23 224 3000 459 Option 2 Age 23

- 24 225 10000 1529 Option 2 Age 24

- 25 

### 4.1.5 Pro2ram 5: Clean Screenin2 Data Section There are six records that describe the extent and variety ofthe clean-screeningprogram. The first five (Records 034 through 038) determine which l/M credits are adjusted to reflect the effects ofclean-screening. Each record contains an integer value which indicates whether the vehicles represented in that record are subject to clean-screening. Ifnot, no adjustment will be made to the I/M credits represented by the record

. Ifthe integer value is setto 11 l11, the vehicles will not be included in the clean screening program and full I/M credits will be retained

. Ifthe integer value is set to 112,11 the vehicles are assumed to be eligible for clean-screening and the 

### VM credits for that vehicle group will be adjusted to reflect the effects ofclean-screening on the I/M benefits

. The default value for each ofthese four records is 112," indicating that all vehicles are included in the clean-screeningprogram. Ifthe user wishes to exclude vehicle model year groupings from the clean-screening program, then the appropriate record for those model years must be entered. The five records coverthe following vehicle model year groupings: 034: Clean Screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default value=2) 035: Clean Screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default value=2) 036: Clean Screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default value=2) 037: Clean Screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default value=2) 038: Clean Screening for 1990 and newer model year vehicles (default value=2)

Record 039 indicates the choice ofclean-screening options the user wishes to apply to the vehicles in the fleet. This record must be entered ifthe program choice is "5", indicating a cleanscreening option

. Both remote-sensing device (RSD) and vehicle emission profiling (YEP) program options are available in the utility. These choices are selected by entry ofan integerinto Record 039 indicating the choice. The allowed values are: 1: RSD using 0

.5/200/1000 (%/ ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 2: RSD using 0.5/20011500 (%/ ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 3: RSD using 0.5/200/2000 (%/ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 4: RSD using 0.5/200 (%/ ppm) CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx cutpoint) 5: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 30% excused 6: Vehicle EmissionProfile with overall 40% excused 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused
148: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) Choice #8 is intended as a placeholder for additional options not included in this version of the utility

. There are default values for the effectiveness and fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection for each ofthe choices (except#8). The following sections describe in more detail how the user can override these default values. Record 044 indicates the choice ofone oftwo cases for the effectiveness ofthe underlying periodic 

### VM test. This information has no effect on any vehicle emission profiling (YEP) program options available in the utility and does not need to be entered for YEP options

. Ifan RSD-based- clean-screening option is chosen, the default effectiveness values used by the RSDbased clean-screening utility will assume that the effectiveness ofthe underlying I/M program inspections is closer to the effectiveness ofthe IM240 test procedure using the recommended phase-in cutpoints. The utility also contains effectiveness values for RSD-based clean-screening which assume that the effectiveness ofthe underlying 

### VM program inspections is closer to the effectiveness ofthe IM240 test procedure using the recommended final cutpoints

. The user can specify that the alternate effectiveness numbers are to be used by the utility by entering Record 044. Ifthe user replaces the existing default values for RSD-based clean-screening, entering Record 044 will have no effect, since the user supplied RSD-based clean-screening effectiveness values will be used. The allowed values for Record 044 are: 1: RSD clean-screening with IM240 phase in cutpoint effectiveness; and 2: RSD clean-screening with IM240 final cutpoint effectiveness. The format for each clean-screening control record is (I3,1X,Il 1). This means that the first 3 characters contain the record number. The next character is a blank followed by an integer number within the next 11 spaces, indicating the user choice for that record. Only Record 039 is required. The following is an example input ofthe clean-screening control data. The example assumes the user wishes to have a clean-screeningprogram that only allows exemptions for vehicle that are 1981 and newer model years (Records 034 and 035 

### = 1). The example assumes that the user wishes to have a RSD based clean-screening program that uses the 0

.5/200/2000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoint set for determination ofvehicles to be excused from inspection (Record 039 

### = 3). The records include some added comments (in commentrecords and also outside the format and not read by the utility) to provide clarity.

000

----------- 034 1 Clean-screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) 035 1 Clean-screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default=2) 036 2 Clean-screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default=2) 037 2 Clean-screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default=2) 038 2 Clean-screening for 1990 and newer vehicles (default=2) 039 3 Clean-screening choice (default=8) 044 2 Clean-screening IM240 final cutpoint effectiveness (default=l) 154.1.6 User Supplied RSD Based Clean Screening Effectiveness RSD based clean-screening effectiveness is the fraction ofall 

### l/M tailpipe benefits that is retained by the program, even though vehicles are excused from the inspection. An effectiveness of90% , for example, means that 10% ofthe emissions benefit from all vehicles which would have failed anI/M inspection are associated with vehicles which are instead excused from the inspection by RSD based clean-screening. The utility assumes that the loss of tailpipe I/M benefits is proportional to the fraction ofemissions represented by vehicles excused from the inspection in each model year, not the fraction ofvehicles themselves

. Forexample, 50% of the vehicles might be excused from their next scheduled inspection, but they may represent a much smaller fraction ofoverall potential emissions benefit. The fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection (by age) is used directly to calculate evaporative HC benefit losses

. An effectiveness of 100% for RSD based clean-screening would have no effect on the benefits ofI/M programs. The default effectiveness values for each ofthese cutpointcombinations assume that a vehicle must have at least two valid measurements before the vehicle is eligible for cleanscreening. In addition to the data describing the vehicle coverage options, users may enter the effectiveness ofRSD- or YEP-based clean-screening and the fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection by the chosen cutpoints by age. This entry is not required

. User entry will override the default values provided by the utility

. The effectiveness array used for the RSD based clean-screening choices have values for three model year groupings, four cutpoint combinations and three pollutants (HC, CO and NOx)

. The model year groupings are:

• 1981-1985 model years • 1986-1989 model years • 1990 and newermodel years The effectiveness for 1981-1985 model years is also applied to pre-1981 model years. The same effectiveness is used for both passenger car and light duty truck benefits for each model years grouping

. The available default RSD cutpoint combinations are: 1: 0.5/200/1000 (%/ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 2: 0.5/200/1500 (%/ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 3: 0

.5/200/2000 (%/ ppm/ppm) CO/HC/NOx cutpoints 4: 0.5/200 (%/ppm) CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx cutpoint) Since the user input ofRSD effectiveness overrides the default values, the user input does not need to conform to these combinations. However, ifthe RSD effectiveness values entered by the user do not match the cutpoint combinations described above, the user must also enterthe 16fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection, which ought to be consistent with the user supplied effectiveness values (see the next section). The RSD effectiveness data entry is optional. Itis only required ifthe user wishes to override one ormore ofthe default effectiveness values used by the utility with user supplied RSD effectiveness estimates. A separate record containing user supplied RSD effectiveness may be entered for each of 12 (Records 951 through 962) combinations ofcutpoint combinations and model year groupings. The format for each effectiveness record is (13,lX,Fl0.3,Fl0.3,Fl0.3). This means that the first 3 characters contain the record number, the next character is a blank followed by a number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for HC, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for CO, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for NOx. Records 951, 952 and 953 override the effectiveness values for Choice #1 for Pre1986, 1986-1989 and 1990 and newer model years respectively. Records 954, 955 and 956 override the effectiveness values for Choice #2. Records 957, 958 and 959 override the effectiveness values for Choice #3. Records 960, 961and962 override the effectiveness values for Choice #4. The user supplied set ofRSD-based clean-screening effectiveness values will be used regardless ofthe entry ofRecord 044, described in Section 4.1.5

. The following is an example input ofthe RSD clean-screening effectiveness data. The example assumes an effectiveness of 100% (no improperly excused vehicles) for all pollutants, cutpoint combinations and model year groupings

. The records include some added comments (in commentrecords and also outside the format and not read by the utility) to provide clarity. 000 000 HC 

### co NOx 000



## --------- 

## --------- --------- Format 951 1.00 1.00 1.00 Choice #1, Pre-1986 model years 952 1.00 1.00 1.00 Choice #1, 1986-1989 model years 953 1.00 1.00 1.00 Choice #1, 1990 and newer vehicles 954 1. 00 1.00 1.00 Choice #2, Pre-1986 model years 955 1.00 1.00 1.00 Choice #2, 1986-1989 model years 956 1.00 1.00 1.00 Choice #2, 1990 and newer vehicles 957 1.00 1. 00 1.00 Choice #3, Pre-1986 model years 958 1.00 1. 00 1. 00 Choice #3, 1986-1989 model years 959 1.00 1. 00 1. 00 Choice #3, 1990 and newer vehicles 960 1.00 1. 00 1. 00 Choice #4, Pre-1986 model years 961 1.00 1.00 1. 00 Choice #4, 1986-1989 model years 962 1.00 1. 00 1. 00 Choice #4, 1990 and newer vehicles 4.1.7 User Supplied RSD-Based Clean-Screenin2 Vehicle Fractions Exhaust emission measurements using RSD are assumed not to detect problems with the evaporative emission control systems. Ifan 

### l/M program includes a functional inspection ofthe evaporative emission control systems (either a gas cap or fuel tank pressure check or an evaporative system purge check), then excusing those vehicles from the 

### I/M inspectionby RSD
17based clean-screening will reduce the I/M benefits from these evaporative system checks. The utility does this by reducing the benefits ofevaporative emission control system checks by the fraction ofvehicles in that vehicle age that are excused from the inspection by RSD based cleanscreening. For example, if40% ofvehicles ofa given age are excused from their next scheduled inspection by clean-screening, then the benefits ofthe evaporative system checks for that age are reduced by 40%. There is a separate default fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection by age for each default RSD cutpoint combination in the utility. The combinations are described in the above section regarding RSD-based clean-screening effectiveness. Since the user input of excused fractions overrides the default values, the user input does not need to conform to these cutpoint combinations. However, the user must also enterthe corresponding effectiveness values in orderto be consistent. This data entry is optional. It is only required ifthe user wishes to override one ormore ofthe default excused fraction values used by the utility. A separate record maybe entered for each of25 (Records 971 through 995) ages. The format for each excused fraction record is (13,lX,Fl0.3,Fl0.3,Fl0.3,Fl0.3). This means that the first 3 characters contain the record number, the next character is a blank followed by a number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the excused fraction that are used for the choice #1 cutpoint combination, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the excused fraction that are used for the choice #2 cutpoint combination, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the excused fraction that are used for the choice #3 cutpoint combination, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next l0 spaces, indicating the excused fraction that are used for the choice #4 cutpoint combination. Record 971 overrides the excused fractions for vehicles ofage 1. Record 972 overrides the excused fractions for vehicles ofage 2, etc. Record 995 overrides the excused fractions for vehicles ofage 25. The following is an example input ofthe RSD clean-screening excused fraction data. The example assumes that 40% ofvehicles are excused from their next scheduled inspection for all cutpoint combinations and ages. The records include some added comments (in comment records and also outside the format and not read by the utility) to provide clarity. 000 000 

### Choice #1 

### Choice #2 

### Choice #3 

### Choice #4 000



## --------- --------- --------- --------- Format 971 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 1 972 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 2 973 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 3 974 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 4 975 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 5 976 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 6 977 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 7 978 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 8 979 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 9
18980 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 10 981 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 11 982 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 12 983 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 13 984 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 14 985 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 15 986 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 16 987 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 17 988 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 18 989 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 19 990 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 20 991 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 21 992 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 22 993 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 23 994 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 24 995 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 

### Age 25 4.1.8 User Su1rnlied Vehicle Emission Profilin2 Effectiveness Vehicle emission profiling (YEP) can be used as a method to exempt vehicles from inspection in l/Mprograms. Like RSD based clean-screening, YEP clean-screening will affect l/Mbenefits because some vehicles which would have failed the l/M inspection will be excused from their next scheduled inspection by clean-screening. As with RSD based clean-screening, the utility assumes that a 90% effectiveness will result in a 10% loss ofl/Mbenefit for the fraction ofthe fleet subject to the VEP program. Unlike RSD based clean-screening, YEP based clean-screening is assumed by the utility to apply to all vehicles subject to state regulation included in the program and is unaffected by the user choice ofvehicle coverage options. This is reflected in the calculations by assuming 100% vehicle coverage. Also, VEP effectiveness varies by age, instead ofby model year grouping as for RSD based clean-screening. The existing flags described in the Clean-screening Data Section 4.1.5 allow the user to restrict YEP clean-screening only to selected model year ranges. Users may wish to apply YEP based clean-screening to only vehicles within a certain range ofvehicle ages within these model year ranges, even though a larger range ofages will be subject to the l/Mprogram. This case can be modeled by entering 100% effectiveness for the ages in a given evaluation calendaryear which will not be subject to YEP based clean-screening

. A separate set ofl/M credits mustbe generated for each evaluation calendaryear where YEP based clean-screening is applied

. There are four default choices for YEP clean-screening programs: 5: Vehicle EmissionProfile with overall 30% excused (100% coverage) 6: Vehicle EmissionProfile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage) 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) Although these choices are available, there are no default effectiveness values available in
19this version ofthe utility. Users must enterthe effectiveness values for the users choice ofa YEP program. The set ofeffectiveness values includes values by age for the three pollutants (HC, CO and NOx). The user must assure that the user supplied effectiveness values will be consistent with the user supplied fractions ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection (described below). Only the set ofeffectiveness values corresponding to the YEP program choice made by the user will be overridden. This shouldpresentno difficulties, since that will be the scenario used by the utility to calculate the effect ofthe YEP program on the I/M credits. EPA's current guidance regarding effectiveness values for YEP is given in a separate document, "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean-Screening Credit Utility," (EPA 420- P-98-008). A separate record may be entered for each of25 (Records 651 through 675) ages. The format for each effectiveness record is (13,lX,Fl0.3,Fl0.3,Fl0.3). This means that the first 3 characters contain the record number, the next character is a blank followed by a number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for HC, followed by another number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for CO, followed by anothernumber (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the effectiveness value that will be used for NOx

. Record 651 overrides the effectiveness for vehicles ofage 1. Record 652 overrides the effectiveness for vehicles ofage 2, etc. Record 675 overrides the effectiveness for vehicles ofage 25. The following is an example input ofthe YEP clean-screening effectiveness data. The example assumes an effectiveness of 100% (no improperly excused vehicles) for all pollutants and ages. The records include some added comments (in comment records and also outside the format and not read by the utility) to provide clarity

. 000 000 

### HC 

## co NOx 000


## --------- --------- 

## --------- Format 651 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 1 652 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 2 653 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 3 654 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 4 655 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 5 656 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 6 657 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 7 658 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 8 659 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 9 660 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 10 661 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 11 662 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 12 663 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 13 664 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 14 665 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 15 666 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 16 667 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 17 20668 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 18 669 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 19 670 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 20 671 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 21 672 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 22 673 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 23 674 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 24 675 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 

### Age 25 4.1.9 User Supplied Vehicle Emission Profilin2 Fractions Vehicle emission profiling (YEP) can affect evaporative emission system checkbenefits in the same way as RSD based clean-screening options. The utility assumes that, as for RSD based clean-screening, YEP clean-screening will reduce the benefits ofevaporative emission control system checks by the fraction ofvehicles ofthat vehicle age that are excused from the inspection by YEP based clean-screening. For example, if40% ofvehicles ofa given age are excused from their next scheduled inspection by clean-screening, then the benefits ofthe evaporative system checks for that age are reduced by 40%. Although these choices are available, there is no default fraction ofexcused values available in this version ofthe utility. Users must enter the fraction ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection for each age for the users choice ofa YEP program. The user must assure that the user supplied fractions ofvehicles excused from theirnext scheduled inspection will be consistent with the user supplied effectiveness values (described above). Only the set offractions ofvehicles excused from their next scheduled inspection corresponding to the YEP program choice made by the user will be overridden. This shouldpresent no difficulties, since that will be the scenario used by the utility to calculate the effect ofthe YEP program on the 

### l/M credits. EPA's current guidance regarding effectiveness values for YEP is given in a separate document, "Description and Documentation for Interim Vehicle Clean-screening Credit Utility," (EPA 420-P-98-008). A separate record is entered for each of25 (Records 621 through 645) ages. The format for each excused fraction record is (13,lX,Fl0.3). This means that the first 3 characters containthe record number, the next character is a blank followed by a number (including a decimal) within the next 10 spaces, indicating the excused fractions that are to be used for the YEP program selected. Record 621 overrides the excused fraction for vehicles ofage 1. Record 622 overrides the excused fraction for vehicles ofage 2, etc. Record 645 overrides the excused fraction for vehicles ofage 25. The following is an example input ofthe YEP clean-screening excused fraction data

. The example assumes that 40% ofvehicles are excused from their next scheduled inspection for all ages. The records include some added comments (in comment records and also outside the format and not read by the utility) to provide clarity. 000

--------- Format
21621 0.40 

### Age 1 622 0.40 

### Age 2 623 0.40 

### Age 3 624 0.40 

### Age 4 625 0.40 

### Age 5 626 0.40 

### Age 6 627 0.40 

### Age 7 628 0.40 

### Age 8 629 0.40 

### Age 9 630 0.40 

### Age 10 631 0.40 

### Age 11 632 0.40 

### Age 12 633 0.40 

### Age 13 634 0.40 

### Age 14 635 0.40 

### Age 15 636 0.40 

### Age 16 637 0.40 

### Age 17 638 0.40 

### Age 18 639 0.40 

### Age 19 640 0.40 

### Age 20 641 0.40 

### Age 21 642 0.40 

### Age 22 643 0.40 

### Age 23 644 0.40 

### Age 24 645 0.40 

### Age 25

4.2 Usin2 Clean-Screenin2 l/M Credits with MOBILES MOBILES uses two external data files which contain the l/Mtailpipe credits whenever an l/Mprogram is specified in the user input. The benefit ofl/M program options canbe adjusted by altering the numbers contained in those data files. The remote-sensing I/M creditutility takes advantage ofthat fact by adjusting the default l/M credit files to reflect the user supplied information about the use ofclean-screening in the inspectionprograms. Therefore, any current version ofMOBILES (MOBILE5a, March 1993, MOBILE5a

_H, February 1995, or MOBILE5b, September 1996) canbe used to evaluate clean-screening options. The first step is to describe the clean-screening program to be modeled in sufficient detail to create an input file for the remote-sensing I/M creditutility. For some proposed programs, it may be necessary to estimate orassume some ofthe necessary input data. However, the inputs should reflect, as near as possible, the actual expected performance ofthe clean-screening program element. Once the clean-screeningprogram design has been determined, the necessary input data mustbe collected together in the input data file

. An example input data file is provided with the clean-screening l/M creditutility which shows the format for all ofthe necessary input parameters
. The user should carefully read this User Guide to identify the necessary data and to

22properly locate the data in the input file. The input data file is a simple ASCII text file that can be changedusing any standard editor orword processor. However, the usermust save any changes in a text format. The Remote-Sensing I/M Credit Utility cannot read input files that are saved in a word processing format. The next step is to use the remote-sensing 

### l/M creditutility to create an alternative set of 

### l/M credit data files. The input file designates the names ofthe default 

### l/M credit files to be used and the names ofthe altered (clean-screening) I/M credit files output by the remote-sensing utility

. These filenames can include "path" information ifthe default 

### l/M credit files are not located in the local directory. Ifa path is not specified, the default 

### l/M credit files must be inthe local directory when the remote-sensing utility is run. The new l/M credit files created by the utility which have been adjusted to reflect the effects ofclean-screening will be inthe same directory as the remote-sensing utility is run. These files can be written to a different directory if a path is specified in the input file. The remote-sensing utility is run by simply invoking its name (RSDNEW.EXE) atthe DOS prompt. The utility will promptthe user on the screen for the name ofthe input file

. No further user input is required. The processing is quite lengthy, and some time will pass. There will be some diagnostic information on the screen during processing. When completed without errors, the remote-sensing utility will display a completion message onthe screen. Once the processing has been completed, the new I/M credits, adjusted for clean-screening, will be in the filenames indicated by the user in the input file. Although these files can be renamed to the MOBILES default l/M credit filenames, there will be no output inMOBILES which indicates that alternate I/M credits were used. Itmay be less confusing to access these alternate 

### l/M credits using the alternate credit option inMOBILES described in the MOBILES User Guide Section 2.2.S.4. In this case, each input file for MOBILES would indicate which set ofalternate credits was used in the two inputrecords following the 

### l/M Descriptive Record(s). Since the effect ofclean-screening is contained in the alternate I/M credit files, there should be no need to change any ofthe normal MOBILES inputparameters (other than those to access the use ofalternate l/M credits) to reflect the use ofclean-screening. Itis very important, therefore, to carefully choose the right combination offactors inthe remote-sensing 

### l/M credit utility that properly reflect the features ofthe clean-screening program elements. Ifeither a functional check ofthe evaporative pressure orpurge system is included as part ofthe 

### l/M program, the benefits ofthese programs must also be replaced with adjusted values. These are contained in an external data file created by this utility and canbe used in MOBILESa H orMOBILESb

. MOBILESa does not allow the use ofalternate benefits for the pressure/purge checks

. In MOBILESa_H, the alternate pressure/purge credits are read automatically from a file named PPEFF.D located in the same directory as the model is run. These credits are read when the Program Type in the I/M Descriptive Record is set to four (4), indicating a retest-base hybrid
23program. As long as the I/Mcredit file supplied to the model contains the appropriate cleanscreening adjusted I/M credits, the model will properly calculate both the exhaust and evaporative benefits for the program. The appropriate clean-screening adjusted pressure/purge credit file should be renamed to PPEFF

.D and made available in the local directory when modeling

. The user will need to be careful about which files are being used, because MOBILE5a

_H will not be able to detect and warn the user about inappropriate combinations of credits. The credits generated by the utility will have an extra record at the beginning ofthe PPEFF.D data file. This record contains a briefdescription ofthe credits included in the file

. MOBILE5b will read and echo this information in the descriptive output ofthe model (see below). However, MOBILE5a

_H is not designed to read this descriptive record and an error will occur. Ifyou intend to use MOBILE5a

_H, then you must edit this data file to remove the first (description) record from the data file beforeusing it with MOBILE5a

_H. In MOBILE5b, the exhaust emission credits are provided as described for RSD programs above

. However, the credits for the evaporative emissions pressure and purge system check must be made available in a file named PPEFF.D located in the same directory as the model is run. These credits are read when the Program Type in the Pressure orPurge Check Descriptive Record is set to four (3), indicating a Retest-base Hybrid program. The appropriate cleanscreening adjusted pressure/purge credit file must be renamed to PPEFF.D and made available in the local directory when modeling

. You will need to be careful about which files are being used, because MOBILE5b will not be able to detect and warn the user about inappropriate credits

. However, the record describing the altered PPEFF.D file, located in the first record ofthe file, will be echoed in the descriptive output ofMOBILE5b

. Itwill be locatedjustbelow the description ofthe ATP orjustbelow the I/M program ifno ATP is included

.

24

### APPENDIXA List ofRecords for RSD Utility 000 comments 001 fleet coverage 1 commitment to level ofeffort RSD program 2 commitment to specific fleet coverage RSD program 3 commitment to a number offailures RSD program (cannotbe used with Program#5) 002 l/M program design 1 basic remote-sensing program 2 test-and-repair remote-sensing program 3 retest hybrid remote-sensing 4 remote sensing only program 5 clean-screening remote-sensing program 005-008

- no user input; indicates name & 

### location ofstandard 

### VM credit data input files 015-018

- no user input; indicates location and name ofthe resulting remote-sensing adjusted 

### VM credit data output files 

### InputFiles 005 1981 & 

### newer model year credits 006 1981 & 

### newer model year retest-hybrid credits 007 pre-1981 model year credits 008 pre-1981 model yearretest-hybrid credits 009 Standardpressure/purge credits 010 Retest-hybrid pressure/purge credits 

### OutputFiles 011 adjusted standard pressure/purge credits 012 adjusted retest-hybrid pressure/purge credits 015 adjusted 1981 & 

### newer model year credits 016 adjusted 1981 and newer model year only for retest-hybrid credits 017 adjusted pre-1981 model year credits 018 adjusted pre-1981 model year only for retest-hybrid credits

25

### 024 the age at which vehicles first become eligible for targeting by remote-sensing, 1to 24 (default= 1year) 031 the CO cutpoints to be applied to remote-sensing measurements for 1974 and older model year vehicles, default= 3% 032 the CO cutpoints to be applied to remote-sensing measurements for 1975 through 1980 model year vehicles, default = 3% 033 the CO cutpoints to be applied to remote-sensing measurements for 1981 and newer model year vehicles, default= 3% 041 the test and repair effectiveness for HC emissions, default= 0

.5 042 the test and repair effectiveness for CO emissions, default= 0.5 043 the test and repair effectiveness for NOx emissions, default = 0.5 

### Option 1: Data Section (level of effort) 021 the# ofvehicles in the fleet (in inspection area) 022 the # ofvalid measurements per month that are made using RSD 023 the# oftimes a vehicle must be failed by RSD before it can be targeted for I/M inspection; default 1, range 1-11 

### Option 2: Data Section (specificfleet coverage) 201-225 the # ofvehicles for each oflast 25 model years that are eligible for RSD targeting and the # ofvehicles ofthat age that actually receive RSD; the ratio ofthe two #sis the fleet coverage by model year 

### Option 3: Data Section (#of failures) 301-325 The # ofvehicles which normally fail I/M annually for each ofthe past 25 model years and the # ofadditional vehicles which are targeted by RSD and also fail the confirmatory I/M test The program contains default benefits for RSD. However, the user also has the option of specifying benefits for option 3 based on a measure ofthe average excess emission levels of vehicles failing the remote-sensing cutpoint chosen. Such values would presumably come from an operating I/M program using RSD

. This measure is the ratio ofthe average excess emissions ofvehicles found at that remote-sensing cutpoint divided by the average emissions ofall vehicles with excess emissions. There are 15 records for each ofthe three pollutants (HC, CO, and NOx) corresponding to RSD cutpoints from 0.5% to 7.5%. These records are the ratio ofthe average IM240 excess emissions identified per vehicle to the average excess emissions per vehicle in the fleet as a whole for a particular CO RSD cutpoint. Each ofthe 15 records has three model year groupings (1974 and older, 1975-80, and 1981 and newer). 701-715 values for HC 

### 26801-815 values for CO 901-915 values for NOx 

### Program #5: Clean-screeningPrograms 034 Coverage for pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) Yes:l, No:2 035 Coverage for 1975-1980 model year vehicles (default=2) Yes: 1, No:2 036 Coverage for 1981-1985 model year vehicles (default=2) Yes: 1, No:2 037 Coverage for 1986-1989 model year vehicles (default=2) Yes: 1, No:2 038 Coverage for 1990 and newermodel year vehicles (default=2) Yes: 1, No:2 039 Selection ofClean-screening Program choice (default=1) range 1-8 where: Choice 1: RSD using 0.5/200/1000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 2: RSD using 0.5/200/1500 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 3: RSD using 0.51 2001 2000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 4: RSD using 0.5/200 CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx) and scanning 2 times 5: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 30% excused (100% coverage) 6: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage) 7: Vehicle EmissionProfile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 044 Indicates the RSD clean-screening IM240 cutpoint effectiveness to be used. 621-645 contain the user supplied clean-screening fraction ofvehicles excused from inspection by age for the current choice ofvehicle emission profiling program. (choices 5-8) 651-675 contains the user supplied clean-screening effectiveness by age and pollutant for the current choice ofvehicle emissionprofiling program. (choices 5-8) 951-962 contains the user supplied clean-screening effectiveness by model year grouping, RSD cutpoint and pollutant for RSD clean-screeningprogram options. (choices 1-4) 971-995 contains the user supplied clean-screening fraction ofvehicles excused from inspection by age and RSD cutpoint. (choice 1-4)

27

### APPENDIXB 

### Example Clean-screenin2 InputFiles



### 28000 000 000 000 000 000 001 002 000 000 000 000 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 015 016 017 018 000 000 000 000 021 022 023 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Example #1: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Level ofEffort Example #1: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Level of Effort assuming IM240 phase in level effectiveness CONTROL SECTION 1 Option (may be 1, 2, or 3) Commitment to Level of Effort 5 Program Type (may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 if Option is not 3) Clean-screening INPUT AND OUTPUT FILENAMES 5<-40 characters total, same as MOB5->44 IMDATAT.D 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits '81 & newer mod. yr veh

. Retest-Hybrid er. pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. IMDATAT.D TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF

.D PP.D PPH.D IM.D IMH.D TEC.D TECH.D pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb. er. standard pressure/purge effectiveness array retest-based hybrid pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED standard pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED retest-based hybrid press/purge effect CHANGED 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits CHANGED '81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. CHANGED pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. CHANGED pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb. GENERAL DATA SECTION 5<-llch->15 2400000 No. of veh. in RSD program default 1000000

12000 Valid veh

. measurements per month default 50000 2 No. of times a veh. must be scanned (1-11) default 2 for clean-screening Clean-screening Choices (may be 1-8) Choice 1: RSD using 0.5/200/1000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 2: RSD using 0.5/200/1500 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 3: RSD using 0.5/200/2000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 4: RSD using 0.5/200 CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx) and scanning 2 times 5: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 30% excused (100% coverage) 6: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage) 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 29 er. default default default default default default default default default default default default IMDATA.D HYBRID. IMC TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5 .D PPEFF.D PPM5RSD.D PPHYRSD.D RSDDATA.D RSDDATA .H TECDATA.D TECDATA.H000

----------- 034 2 Clean-screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) 035 2 Clean-screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default=2) 036 2 Clean-screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default=2) 037 2 Clean-screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default=2) 038 2 Clean-screening for 1990 and newer model year vehicles (default=2) 039 3 Clean-screening choice (default=8, user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 044 1 Clean-screening IM240 phase in cutpoint effectiveness (default=l) 000

30000 000 000 000 000 000 001 002 000 000 000 000 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 015 016 017 018 000 000 000 000 000 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 Example #2: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Specific Fleet Coverage
Example #2: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Specific Fleet Coverage assuming IM240 final cutpoint level effectiveness CONTROL SECTION 2 Option (may be 1, 2, or 3) Commitment to Specific Fleet Coverage 5 Program Type (may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 if Option is not 3) Clean-screening INPUT AND OUTPUT FILENAMES 5<-40 characters total, same as MOB5->44 IMDATAT.D IMDATAT.D TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PP.D PPH.D IM.D IMH .D TEC.D TECH.D OPTION #2 DATA SECTION 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits '81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb. er. standard pressure/purge effectiveness array retest-based hybrid pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED standard pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED retest-based hybrid press/purge effect CHANGED 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits CHANGED '81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. CHANGED pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. CHANGED pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb.
Number of vehicles eligible for clean-screening (two valid readings) Total------Sent------- 5<-llch->1516<-llc->26 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 0- 1 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 1- 2 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 2- 3 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 3- 4 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 4- 5 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 5- 6 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 6- 7 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 7- 8 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 8- 9 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 9-10 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 10-11 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 11-12 31 er. default default default default default default default default default default default default IMDATA.D HYBRID. IMC TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PPM5RSD.D PPHYRSD.D RSDDATA.D RSDDATA .H TECDATA.D TECDATA.H213 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD , age 12-13 214 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 13-14 215 10000 1500 Total veh

. , veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 14-15 216 10000 1500 Total veh., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 15-16 217 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 16-17 218 10000 1500 Total veh

. , veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 17-18 219 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 18-19 220 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 19-20 221 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 20-21 222 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 21-22 223 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 22-23 224 10000 1500 Total veh., veh

. sent to IM via RSD, age 23-24 225 10000 1500 Total veh ., veh. sent to IM via RSD, age 24-25 000 000 Clean

- screening Choices (may be 1-8) 000 Choice 1 : RSD using 0

. 5/ 200/1000 CO/ HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 000 2 : RSD using 0

. 5/200/1500 CO/ HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 000 3 : RSD using 0.5/200/2000 CO/HC/ NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 000 4: RSD using 0.5/200 CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx) and scanning 2 times 000 5: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 30% excused (100% coverage) 000 6: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage) 000 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 000 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 000


### ----------- 034 2 Clean

- screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) 035 2 Clean

- screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default=2) 036 2 Clean-screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default=2) 037 2 Clean-screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default=2) 038 2 Clean-screening for 1990 and newer model year vehicles (default=2) 039 3 Clean-screening choice (default=8, user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 044 2 Clean

- screening IM240 final cutpoint effectiveness (default=l) 000

32000 000 000 000 000 001 002 000 000 000 000 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 015 016 017 018 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 034 035 036 037 038 039 000 Example#3: YEP Based Clean-screening Example #3: VEP Based Clean-screening CONTROL SECTION 1 Option (must choose 1 but has no effect) 5 Program Type (may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 if Option is not 3) Clean-screening INPUT AND OUTPUT FILENAMES 5<-40 characters total, same as MOB5->44 IMDATAT.D 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits '81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. IMDATAT.D TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PP.D PPH.D IM.D IMH.D TEC.D TECH.D pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb. er. standard pressure/purge effectiveness array retest-based hybrid pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED standard pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED retest-based hybrid press/purge effect CHANGED 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits CHANGED '81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. CHANGED pre-1974 & 1975-1980 mod. yr veh. er . CHANGED pre-'74 & '75-'80 mod

. yr veh

. Retest-Hyb. Clean-screening Choices (may be 1-8) Choice 1: RSD using 0.5/200/1000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 2 : RSD using 0.5/200/1500 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 3: RSD using 0.5/200/2000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and**scann~ng** 2 times 4 : RSD using 0.5/200 CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx) and scanning 2 times 5: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 30% excused (100% coverage) 6: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage) 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 2 Clean-screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1990 and newer model year vehicles (default=2) 8 Clean-screening choice (default=8, user supplied effectiveness and fractions)
33 er. default default default default default default default default default default default default IMDATA

.D HYBRID

. IMC TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PPM5RSD

.D PPHYRSD.D RSDDATA.D RSDDATA.H TECDATA.D TECDATA.H000 000 000 000 000 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 000 Variable VEPX containing the alternate by age and age for the clean-screening HC co NOx



### --------- --------- --------- Format 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 1 0

. 50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 2 0.50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 3 0.50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 4 0

. 50 0.50 0.50 Age 5 0

. 50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 6 0

. 50 0.50 0.50 Age 7 0.50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 8 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 9 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 10 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 11 0.50 0

. 50 0

. 50 Age 12 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 13 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 14 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 15 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 16 0.50 0.50 0

. 50 Age 17 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 18 0

. 50 0.50 0.50 Age 19 0.50 0

. 50 0.50 Age 20 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 21 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 22 0.50 0.50 0

. 50 Age 23 0.50 0.50 0.50 Age 24 0.50 0.50 0

. 50 Age 25 clean-screening effectiveness choice (5-8). Required Input

000 Variable ACSCRN containing the alternate clean-screening fraction excused 000 by age for clean-screening choice (5-8). Required Input 000

--------- Format 621 0.50 Age 1 622 0.50 Age 2 623 0.50 Age 3 624 0.50 Age 4 625 0

. 50 Age 5 626 0.50 Age 6 627 0.50 Age 7 628 0.50 Age 8 629 0

. 50 Age 9
34630 0

. 50 Age 10 631 0

. 50 Age 11 632 0.50 Age 12 633 0

. 50 Age 13 634 0.50 Age 14 635 0

. 50 Age 15 636 0.50 Age 16 637 0.50 Age 17 638 0

. 50 Age 18 639 0

. 50 Age 19 640 0

. 50 Age 20 641 0

. 50 Age 21 642 0.50 Age 22 643 0.50 Age 23 644 0.50 Age 24 645 0.50 Age 25 000

35000 000 000 000 000 000 001 002 000 000 000 000 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 015 016 017 018 000 000 000 000 021 022 023 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 Example #4: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Level ofEffort and With Alternate Effectiveness and Excused Fractions
Example #4: RSD Based Clean-screening with Commitment to Level of Effort with user input of RSD effectiveness and excused fractions. CONTROL SECTION 1 Option (may be 1, 2, or 3) Commitment to Level of Effort 5 Program Type (may be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 if Option is not 3) Clean-screening INPUT AND OUTPUT FILENAMES 5<-40 characters IMDATAT.D IMDATAT.D TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5.D PPEFF.D PP.D PPH.D IM.D IMH.D TEC.D TECH.D total, same as MOB5->44

GENERAL DATA SECTION 5< -llch->15 1981 & newer model year vehicles credits
' 81 & newer mod. yr veh. Retest-Hybrid er. pre-1974 & 1975- 1980 mod. yr veh. er. pre -' 74 & '75

- '80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb. er. standard pressure/purge effectiveness array retest-based hybrid pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED standard pressure/purge effectiveness CHANGED retest-based hybrid press/purge effect CHANGED 1 98 1 & newer model year vehicles credits CHANGED ' 81 & newer mod. yr veh

. Retest

-Hybrid er. CHANGED pre-1974 & 1 975-1980 mod. yr veh. er. CHANGED pre- '74 & '75-'80 mod. yr veh. Retest-Hyb.

2400000 No. of veh. in RSD program default 1000000 2400000 Valid veh. measurements per month default 50000 2 No. of times a veh. must be scanned (1

- 1 1 ) default 2 for clean-screening Clean-screening Choices (may be 1

- 8) C

hoice 1: RSD using 0.5/200/1000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 2: RSD using 0.5/200/1500 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 3 : RSD using 0.5/200/2000 CO/HC/NOx cutpoints and scanning 2 times 4: RSD using 0.5/200 CO/HC cutpoints (no NOx) and scanning 2 times 5: Vehicle E mission Profile with over all 30% excused (100% coverage) 6: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 40% excused (100% coverage)
36 er. default default default default default default default default default default default default IMDATA.D HYBRID. IMC TECH12.D TECH12.D PPEFFM5 .D PPEFF

. D PPM5RSD.D PPHYRSD.D RSDDATA.D RSDDATA

.H TECDATA.D TECDATA.H000 000 000 034 035 036 037 038 039 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 7: Vehicle Emission Profile with overall 50% excused (100% coverage) 8: Alternate clean-screening scenario (user supplied effectiveness and fractions) 2 Clean-screening for Pre-1975 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1975-80 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1981-85 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1986-89 model year vehicles (default=2) 2 Clean-screening for 1990 and newer model year vehicles (default=2) 3 Clean-screening choice (default=8, user supplied effectiveness and fractions) Variable CLEANX containing the clean-screening effectiveness by pollutant, model year group and choice for Choices #1-4. Choice 1: 0.5/200/1000 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 2 : 0.5/200/1500 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 3: 0.5/200/2000 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 4: 0.5/200 HC/CO cutpoints (no NOx cutpoint) HC co NOx



### --------- --------- 

### --------- Format 0.98 1. 00 0.85 Choice #1, Pre-1986 model years 1. 00 1. 00 0.88 Choice #1, 1986-1989 model years 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 Choice #1, 1990 and newer model 0.98 1. 00 0.85 Choice #2, Pre-1986 model years 1.00 1. 00 0.88 Choice #2, 1986-1989 model years 1.00 1. 00 0.92 Choice #2, 1990 and newer model 0.98 1. 00 0.85 Choice #3, Pre-1986 model years 1.00 1. 00 0.85 Choice #3, 1986-1989 model years 0.82 0. 71 0.92 Choice #3, 1990 and newer model 0.98 1. 00 0.85 Choice #4, Pre-1986 model years 1.00 1. 00 0.83 Choice #4, 1986-1989 model years 0.82 0. 71 0.69 Choice #4, 1990 and newer model years
years
years
years Variable CSCRN containing the clean-screening fraction exampted by age for Choices #1-4. Choice 1: 0.5/200/1000 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 2: 0.5/200/1500 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 3: 0 .5/200/2000 HC/CO/NOx cutpoints 4: 0.5/200 HC/CO cutpoints (no NOx cutpoint) Choice #1 Choice #2 Choice #3 Choice #4

--------- --------- --------- --------- Format 37971 0.614 0.694 0.724 0.834 Age 1 972 0.553 0.633 0.663 0.773 Age 2 973 0.492 0.572 0.602 0. 712 Age 3 974 0.431 0. 511 0.541 0.651 Age 4 975 0.370 0.450 0.480 0

. 590 Age 5 976 0.309 0.389 0.419 0.529 Age 6 977 0.248 0.328 0.358 0.468 Age 7 978 0

. 187 0.267 0

. 297 0

. 407 Age 8 979 0.157 0.237 0

. 267 0

. 377 Age 9 980 0.128 0.208 0

. 238 0.348 Age 10 981 0.099 0.179 0

. 209 0

. 318 Age 11 982 0

. 069 0.149 0.179 0.289 Age 12 983 0.040 0

. 120 0.150 0.260 Age 13 984 0.025 0

. 105 0

. 135 0.245 Age 14 985 0

. 010 0

. 090 0

. 120 0.230 Age 15 986 0

. 010 0.075 0

. 105 0.215 Age 16 987 0.010 0.075 0.105 0.215 Age 17 988 0

. 010 0.075 0.105 0.215 Age 18 989 0

. 010 0.075 0.105 0.215 Age 19 990 0

. 010 0

. 075 0.105 0.215 Age 20 991 0.010 0

. 075 0.105 0

. 215 Age 21 992 0

. 010 0.075 0.105 0

. 215 Age 22 993 0

. 010 0

. 075 0.105 0

. 215 Age 23 994 0.010 0

. 075 0.105 0.215 Age 24 995 0.010 0.075 0

. 105 0.215 Age 25 000

38