10

Corpotate-held parcels average 1,753 acres, or 4,557-acres

per holder, while individual-held parcels average 156 acres,

or 191 acres per holder. Partnership holdings average 771
acres per parcel, or 1,197 acres per holder, and all other
holdings average 467 acres per parcel, or 523 acres per holder.

Vermont has the largest number of parcels reported by foreign
individuals, but with relatively few acres of foreign-held
land (table 3). California and Texas have the largest number
of parcels with relatively large amounts of acreage reported
by foreign corporations.

Size of Holding--Holdings are concentrated with smaller
acreages held by individuals and larger acreages held by
corporations (tables 2 and 3). Owners of parcels with less
than 300 acres (71 percent of all of. the foreign owners) hold
less than 3 percent of the land and owners of parcels with
300 acres or more (the remaining 29 percent) hold more than
97 percent of the land (table 4). Part of this concentration
can be explained by the definition of agricultural land, which
includes extensive uses of land such as ranching and forestry
and intensive uses of land such as orchards and vegetable
farns|. The different unit sizes due to differences in use
may also explain part of the acreage differences among the
States.

In States where foreigners own few parcels, the possibility
of one or two unusual situations prevents any generalization
about! concentration. For example, one large timber holding
by a‘’foreigner in a State with a large number of field-crop
farns| could easily be misinterpreted to suggest that a single
foreigner was taking over the farming of the State. . -:,

Purchase Price and Value of Holding--As noted earlier under
“Type| of Foreign Owner,” corporations own 85 percent of: the
acreage. However, corporate purchase price and nonpurchase
price| (estimated value) at time of acquisition accounts.
for only 72 percent of the total purchase price (table 5).
The average per acre purchase price and nonpurchase: price
(estimated value) at time of acquisition was the lowest for
corporations at $483, followed by partnerships, $994, in-
dividuals, $1,046, and all others, $1,611.

For recent acquisitions, purchase price generally will be

close|to, but not necessarily the same as, current value.

As time passes, purchase price becomes a poor indicator of
current value. For this reason reported current value by

date of acquisition was adjusted to February 1981, for all
years |prior to 1981 (table 6). The total adjusted current
value |indicates a 12-percent increase in the reported


Acquisitions

TABLE 17——-TENURE OF FOREIGN-OWNED
UeS. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS»
DECEMBER 31, 1981

CNUMBER)
i
TENURE PARCELS | ACRES
1
CURRENT:
FOREIGN GWNER 4041 529741468
MANAGER “973 689,078
TENANT 4.409 25964,075
NG REPORT 32157 320732639
TOTAL 12587 1227099845
RENTAL:
CRGP 19604 633,879
CASH 32040 21486708
BOTH 95 106,720
NO REPORT 3807 32508s070

NGT APPLICABLE 4,041 599142468

TOTAL 120587 1297099845

INTENDED CHANGE:

NONE 42940 59397,858

NEW 4s171 39351,083

BOTH 38 32,097

NO REPCRT 30438 32926,807
TOTAL

fe a a a ee te ee a

124587 1297095845

parcels and 28 percent of the acres. The North Central region

also has more acres and parcels reporting tenure changes. than
the West and Northeast which reported more parcels and acres
with the same tenure arrangements than new ones. However,
in the Northeast, reports for 48 percent of the parcels ac—
counting for 56 percent of the acres. did not respond to the
tenure question.

Data in this section are derived from the reports filed by
foreign persons. who acquired U.S. agricultural land between
January 1 and December 31, 1981, and which were received and
accepted by the Department as of December 31, 1981. Included

31



TABLE 12—U.S. FOREST AND OTHER

NONAGRICULTURAL

LANDHOLDINGS OF FOREIGN GWNERS BY STATE»

DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
| |
STATE i |
AND U.S. | PARCELS | ACRES
TERRITORY i , |
1 4
!
ALABAMA | 321 508.734
ALASKA | 1 337
ARIZGNA | 2 95
ARKANSAS i] 9 21824
CALIFGRNIA I 16 233,917
CCLGRADO | 4 29872
FLGRIDA r 43 721042
GECRGIA | 373 701,700
HAwAIL | 1 84
IDAHO | 13 1455458
ILLINOIS | 7 1,304
INDIANA | 1 13
KANSAS | 7 112298
KENTUCKY ! 6 22929
LCUISIANA | 11 20,802
MAINE | 68 290255575
MARYLAND ! 1 50
MASSACHUSETTS | 2 192
MICHIGAN | 13 33,700
MINNESOTA IL. 17 605269
MISSISSIPPI i] 39 198,179
MISSGUKI ! il 3,863
MONTANA | 15 39762
NEw HAMPSHIRE 1 10 98,576
NEW JERSEY i 3 ll
NEW YORK j 84 281,700
NGRTH. CARGLINA | 177 982100
CHIO 1 10 677
CGKLAHOMA | 1 12
OREGON I. 31 3445688
PENNSYLVANIA 1 18 - 119,616
SCUTH CARULINA ' 612 406,167
TENNESSEE 1 154 308-897
TEXAS i] 20 11.226
VERMONT i 134 42.810
VIRGINIA ' 45 312225
WASHINGTON 4 156 279,169
WEST VIRGINIA | 27 224709
wISCGNSIN ! 5 1.340
J
TOTAL ‘ 22468 65681,922
4

“2T



36

TABLE 21—-FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS

[ev SIZE OF ACQUISITION, JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31. 1981

UWNERS

' | | f
SIZE 1 ‘ PARCELS f) ACRES ' VALUE
(ACKES) { REPORTING | REPORTED 1) (NUMBER) i) 41,000
1 (NUMBER) 1 (NUMBER) ' 1) DOLLARS) 1/
4. 4 L 1
1
LESS THAN |20 | 108 12 90L 185792
20-55 1 11g 136 49193 372368
60-99 ‘ 66 él 59136 379613
100-299 i 179 all 325888 1585936
300-S99 1 155 224 84,929 1635185
1000 UR MURE | 114 691 297602190 7439820
1
TOTAL ! 740 10455 218885237 1,179,714
4.
‘2/) VALUE IS PURCHASE PRICE OR. NGNPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE) ©
TABLE 22--VALUE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY TYPE
OF FOREIGN OWNER. JANUARY 1-DECEMBE: 31, 1981
1 ! ] f] f
' 1 ACRES | ! ACRES 1
1 1 WITH 1 PURCHASE | WITH 1 NON—
| GWNERS 1 PURCHASE 1 PRICE 1 NON- 1) PURCHASE
ChheR 1 REPORTING | PRICE i (1,000 | PURCHASE { PRICE
. 1 (NUMBER) § REPORTED | DOLLARS) 1 PRICE { 1,000
| 1 cnumeeRd 1 1 REPORTED | DOLLARS)
1 ' 1 1 cNuMBERD I
4 L 1 4 1
i
ioivioual 1 281 91,166 924842 52007 1,702
CGRPGRATION | 337 3520471 5752693 291052755 1942730
PARTNERSHIP | 101 3099517 2549161 82991 212769
TRUST 1 20 90477 289311 73 106
ASSCCIATION | 1 50780 106400 ) 0
|
TOTAL i] 740 768e41L 9615407 201195826 218,307
‘ | 1 1
J ACRES. 1 ! ACRES i]
1 WITH i) CURRENT 1 WITH | EQUITY
1 CURRENT 1 VALUE 1 EQUITY 1 (1,000
1 VALUE 1 41,000 1 REPORTED 1 DOLLARS)
i) REPORTEU 1 DOLLARS) 1 (NUMBER) 1
J (NUMBER) 1 1 1
| 1 AL J.
1
ANDIVIDUAL | 911446 937668 894790 570339,
CORPORATION | 22454065 7632917 294382985 460,087
PARTNERSHIP | 3182508 2909456 3184508 209895
TRUST 1 99550 259846 99550 215164
ASSCCIATION \ 5780 10,400 52780 12200
TOTAL 1 298794349 151840287 206620613 1499685
1
¢
¢



According to the regulations, the reporting entity, whether
U.S.|or foreign, must, if such entity is a person other than
an individual or government, provide information (names, ad-
dresses, citizenship, and the nature of the entity) on all
foreign persons individually holding a 5 percent or more in-
terest in the entity. This 5-percent standard differs from
the standard for determining whether or not an entity is re-
quired to file at all. In the latter instance, if several
foreign persons cumulatively own 5 percent or more of the
entity, and no single individual owns a 5-percent interest,
the entity is defined as a foreign person and is required

to file a report. However, such an entity may not be re-
quired to list the names, addresses, and related information
about the foreign holders individually holding less than 5
percent of the entity.

When|the foreign person is an individual from, or an entity
created under the laws of, for example, West Germany, the
report is processed as "Germany (West)." Where persons from
many |different countries hold direct and indirect interests

in one piece of land, an attempt is made to identify the pre-
dominant country as the country of origin. When there is no
predominant country--for example, an equal partnership between
a Canadian and a West German--the report is processed as
"Multiple. “ Reports filed by U.S. corporations with foreign
shareholders are classified "U.S./(foreign country).” For
example, a U.S. corporation with a Canadian shareholder who
owns |5 percent or more of the shares of the U.S. corporation
is processed as "U.S./Canada." Similarly, a U.S. corporation
-owned by another U.S. corporation which is 5 percent or more
owned by a Canadian corporation is processed as "U.S./Canada."
Where foreign shareholders with 5 percent or more interests
are from a number of countries, none of which predominates,
the report is processed as "U.S./Multiple.” If several foreign
persons from different countries cumulatively own 5 percent

or more of the U.S. corporation but no single person owns a

‘5 Percent or more interest and there is no predominant foreign
country, the report is processed as "U.S./Multiple < 5%." If
three or more tiers of U.S. corporations are listed with no
foreign interest indicated, the report is processed as "U.S./
Third Tier." Noncorporate entities with U.S. interests are
processed under the predominant country of origin.

“Agricultural land" is defined in the act as all land used

for agricultural, forestry, or timber production purposes.

The “regulations further refine this definition by including
idle jland if its’ last use within the past 5 years was for
agricultural, forestry, or timber production. purposes. The
regulations exempt all land that is held in parcels of not more
than 1 acre in the aggregate from which agricultural, forestry,



APPENDIX: REPORT FORM ASCS-153 Form Approved + OMB No. 40 R 4065

ASCS-153 A U. Ss DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL TURE fT. TYPE ACTIVITY (See reverse) (Check one)
(3-28-79) gricultural Stebilization and Conservation Service ‘A LAND Bane Ces oO
AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT DISCLOSURE ACT REPORT Beno ose Chance ene anause cnawee to
: H
NOTE: Road lntructions op Reverse Gogoe Filling In Any Dote Below i poupyeseuaer []ERSNQUER SHORE
Tre | Letosey ITEM check
‘2 Tract Location and Description I %. Type of interest Held by Foreign Person (Check one)
ZT LEGAL DESCRIPTION OR ASCS TRACT NUMBER ee A. Fee Interest (ownership) Whole
B. Fee Interest (ownership) Partial [WHAT %
C. Life Estate
D. Trust Beneficiary
E. Option
F. Purchase Contract
5, COUNTY OR PARISH ©. NO. ACRES G. Other (explain)

D. STATE l

E. F.P. TRACT ID (Office Use Only)

3. Foreign Person - Owner of Tract (in item 2A) (See Reverse)
7% NAME

6. How was this Tract Acquired or Transferred?
A. Cash Transaction

B. Credit or Installment Transaction
C. Trade

D. Gift or Inheritance

E. Foreclosure

F. Other (explain)

STO NOs Wine aateay CHECK IF NO.
oreome

G. ADDRESS (Street, City, State/Province, Country)

D. Person Receiving This Tract. Complete ONLY if litem 1C - Land 7. Land Value, Including Improvements
Disposition - is checked. | ‘A. Purchase Price of Land
1. NAME | ‘Non-Purchase, Estimated Value at the
‘Time of Acquisition
B. What is the estimated current value or if a

land disposition, the selling price of the
tract of land

C. How much of purchase price in Item 7A

3. ADDRESS (Street, City, State/Province, Country)

3. CITIZENSHIP,

|
usa]. Foreion (CS) unknown (1)

remains to be paid
E. Type of Owner (Check one) CHECK, Ls — =
J, Individual (including husband/wife) 8 Date of Acquisition or | YEAR
‘Transfer (see reverse)
a Citizenship of Individual | ®, Current Land Use (usual use; for Idle, check hones
2. Government (name of country) __ | | i “Other”.) Report in Whole Numbers.
3, Organization (list on the reverse the Name, ‘Address and Country ‘A. Crop (specify by acreage on reverse)
of all other foreign persons holding an interest in this tract). 'B, Pasture
a Type i | C. Forest or Timber
corporation 5
2) Partnership “I D,_ Other Agriculture
3) Estate | E. Other Non-Agriculture
4) Trust F. Total (should equal 2C)
5) Institution 1 10. Intended Use as of This Date (Check one)
6) Association { A, No Change
7) Other 1 B. Other Agriculture
B, Gov't. or country under whose | | C,_Other Non-Agriculture
Jaw the organization is created 11, Relationship of Foreign Owner to Producer
Principal place of business (for aw i .
Principal place of business (or | | A. Producer is (check ore):
[Representative of Foreign Investor (completing form, if applicable) : 1. Foreign owner
ROWRME
| 2. Manager
B. ADDRESS (treet, State and County)
3. Tenant or sharecropper
B. Rental agreement is (check one):
1. A crop share
€. TELEPHONE NO. (Ara Code) I 2. Cash or fixed rent
D. Relationship of Representative to Foreign Person
L Attorney presentation to orem 12, 1s the Producer on This Tract:
= = ae ‘A. Same person as when the tract was acquired
e
‘4, Other (explain on reverse) | B. Anew person
TE GERTIFIGATION -Tcortify that the Informatioh entered [TMENATORE (Owner or legally authorized representative) [eare
above is complete and correct. I understand that falsification of
reporting is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed (26% of the TITLE
fair market value of the interest held in the tract of land. =

64 | ‘qiu.s. cOvERNMENT ‘PRINTING OFFICE: ‘1982~'360-932:ERS-1082


Dispositions and
Land-Use_ Changes

46

TABLE 29-—-U.S. FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS
oY COUNTRY GF FOREIGN OWNERe JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

1 1 “|

1) OWNERS - | PARCELS |. ACRES

'
t VALUE
COUNTRY IREPGRTING | REPORTED | (NUMBER) | (1,000
A CNUMBER) | (NUMBER) | 1. DOLLARS) a7
rt 1. i 1
'
AUSTRALIA ! 1 1 102 50
BERMUDA 1 2 2 nu 41
CANADA f 18 19 90315 25290
CAYMAN ISLANDS | 1 1 80 240
GERMANY (HEST) 1 10 14 41,887 122900
GREECE i 1 1 78 14350
ITALY i “a. 1 u 57
NETHERLANDS 1 2 3 1,752 291
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES =| 3 3 25308 25378
* PHILEPPINES ' 1 1 43 65
ST VINCENT an 1 1 20 175
SWITZERLAND i 3 8 20,369 3e072
UNITED KiNGDOM ' 1 2 243 68
THIRD TIER | 1 1646 1085841 1030173
‘
SUBTOTAL 2/ ! 46 221 1855189 126.770
US/CANADA i 3 122 14998,999
US/DENMARK 1 1 a 225
US/FRANCE| i 3 6 12.476
US/LIBERIA 1 1 1 50
US/NETHERLANDS 1 5 12 560630
US/SPAIN | t 1 1 60
US/ShITZERLAND 1 1 1 1a
US/UNITED| KINGDOM i 10 101 295407
US/THIRD TIER I 1 « 25837
1
SUBTOTAL 3/ H 26 249 241002694 157.549
TOTAL | 2040319

72 470  25285,883

iV value IS PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE).

2/ TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.sS. CCRPGRATIONS WITH FOREIGN
SHAREHCLDERS.

a/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPORATIUNS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHGLDERS.

containing 11 percent of the acres indicated a tenure change.
Because the number of acres affected by new tenure arrangements
was not reported, the acreage may be overstated; that is, all
of these/acres are not necessarily affected by new tenure
arrangements. No responses on tenure change were made for 25
percent of the parcels accounting for 77 percent of the acres.

Data in this section are derived from the 325 reports filed by
foreign persons who disposed of U.S. agricultural land and 8
reports of land-use changes into or out of agriculture between
January 1 and December 31, 1981, and which were received and
accepted |by the Department as-of December 31, 1981. Disposi-
tions totaled 272,910 acres, while land-use changes to agri-
culture occurred on 6 ‘parcels, or 211 acres, and land-use


TABLE 27—-USE OF UsSs AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNER»
JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31¢ 1981
| (ACRES)
tT] 1 1 7 1 1 T
CCUNTRY | CRoPLANG =| PASTURE | FOREST 1 OTHER JOTHER NON- | WO USAGE |. TOTAL
' | i} 1 FAGRICULTURE| AGRICULTURE! REPORTED
4. 1 1 1 1 L 1
t
ARGENTINA I ay 262 95 10 "25 o
AUSTRALIA I oO o 1G2 oO oO 0
AUSTRIA 1 12280 10 uv 25 335 oO.
BAHAMAS: I 93 is o 412 o o
BELGIUM 1 83 1s7 0 o 5 oO
BERMULA 1 120 213 130 0 93 0
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANUS | 14294 26 0 300 ry o
CANALA 1 169213 16,775 10,899 7.858 34034. oO
CAYMAN ISLANDS ~ 1 1.437 240 eo o 142 oO
CHINA 1 oO o o 176 oO o
CULGMEIA 1 oO o 10 ma o
DENFAKK 1 81 126 o o 44 0
ELUADUR 1 o o o 52 6 oO
FRANCE i 22705 1,116 356 15356 °
GERMANKY( MEST) ' 225321 340542 471658 1747 2,006 o
GREECE 1 SL 54 oO 24 o
GUATEMALA 1 a5 c o oO 0 o
HONG KCNG 1 39 170 o 25 1 o
ISRAEL 1 150 oO 44. o o o
ITALY 1 120 550 988 0 o o
‘JAPAN 1 oO 1075288 o oO o 0
JLRDAN 1 2. o oO o 42 o
KUWAIT 1 o 365 o o o o
LEBANCN 1 0 o o o 106 a
LIBERIA 1 o 185 oO 106 o o
LIECHTENSTEIN 1 1,035 15365 48 10 9, o
LUXEMBGURG t o 0 2,072 437 oO o
MALAYSIA 1 10 o o o o
MEXICO i 3eZz80 50785 19668 718 575 o
NETHERLAAKDS 1 1,885 35395 2eTl4 39638 941 o
NETHEKLANDS ANTILLES t 410,280 99364 35366 20997 1,337 o
NIGERIA 1 co o o oO 14 o
PANAMA 1 3,107 1,008 1,001 737 o
PHILIPPINES 1 o 43 o o o
PORTUGAL 1 o oO o 5 o
ST VINCENT 1 125 342 10 roe o
SAUDI ARABIA 1 30 55 o o o
SPAIN 1 20 102 46 10 °
SWEDEN 1 o o o o o
SwITZERLAND 1 e122 21,709 200 374 o
TAIWAN 1 o 208 oO o o
TURKS ISLANDS 1 o o TM 2 o
UNITED KINGDGM I (35312 124 22190 413 o
VENEZUELA 1 25210 412 TMm o91 o
MULTIPLE 1 o o oO 243 o
THIRG TIER i 652 1095742 mz 34 o ALLS 185.
SUBTOTAL 1/ H 77,310 197,712 204,836 249183 116400 o 515944)
US/AUSTRALIA 1 oO o o 18 oO o 18
US/BELGIUM 1 460 a o o SL o Sil
US/CANADA 1 124280 340272 200699264 39705 12836 O 291214357
US/CAYMAK ISLANDS 1 130 4g 0 o o o 179
‘US/CHINA 1 160 o o o o oO 160
US/DENMARK 1 o o 225 o o o 225
US/FRANCE 1 4384 795 129628 20609 141 o 179557
US/GERMANY( WEST) 1 11,068 10248 20692 19560 1.508 o 18,076
US/IRAN 1 o 47 o oO J oO 147
US/JAPAN ! 90 be2ee 50 215 0 15984
US/LIBERIA 1 180 446 110 o o 1,707
US/LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC o 0 277 3 0 280
US/LLECHTENSTEIN 1 120 200 428 7 r 1.189
US/LUXEMBGURG 1 o 20072 437 4 o 20920
US/MEXICC 1 ° o 72 34 o 106
US/NETHERLANUS t 40285 62,875 3.998 9007 o 84,577
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES| 2127 826 12966 733 o 155188
US/NICARAGUA 1 42 o 0 o o 42
US/PANAMA 1 530 0 ry 88 0 2e11T
US/SPAIN | 1,100 19165 0 0 0 30365
US/SWITZERLAND I 20137 35492 1,000 12370 0 212685
US/TAIbAN 1 o o o o o 80
US/THAILAND 1 0 ° 20 o o $9
US/UNITED KENGDCH 1 225034 330761 1518 ‘3,873 o 670475
US/VENEZUELA 1 556 2 12 413 o 68:
US/MULTIPLE 1 131 o o oO o 35766
US/THIRD TIER \ 600 40683 oO 33 0 65743
SUBTCTAL 2/ Hi 699377 71,043 251950573 17,780 192023 0 243720796
TOTAL ALL 1
LAND ACGUISITIUNS H 146.687 2680755 204002409 412963 305423 0 296830237
| 7
A/) TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CCRPORATIGNS WITH FOREIGN SKAREHCLDERS.
2/ «TOUAL INTERESTS UF|U.sS. CCRPGRATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. )
|
|



50

TABLE 35—DISPOSITIONS GF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY FOREIGN OWNERS»
BY. CITIZENSHIP OF PURCHASERSs . JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31s. 1981

(NUMBER)
| ] f]
PURCHASER | PARCELS ] ACRES
1 REPORTED |
1 1
'
USA 1 191 1935537
FOREIGN ' 76 50-618.
UNKAGHN: i 50 24,979
NO REPGRT ! 7 BeT4l
COMBINATIGN 1 1 35
1
TOTAL ' 325 272,910
1

TABLE |36——DISPOSITIGNS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY TYPE OF FOREIGN
OWNER. JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
1 1 4 i f
1 1 i IPARCELS WITH |
OWNER 4 GWNERS | PARCELS | ACRES | PARTIAL ' ACREAGE
IREPORTINGIREPORTED | (INTEREST 4 EQUIVALENT 2/
1 | J J REPORTED 1/ |
4 1 at
| t
ENOIViOUAL | 57 72 10,777 2 10,336
CORPORATION | 105 192 2300215 20 197,021
PARTNERSHIP | 27 52 310215 4 30.278
TRUST ' 3 9 703 0 703
1
TOTAL fy 192 325 272,910 26 2389338
1

|
/° PARCELS WITH PARTIAL INTERESTS ARE THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE OWNED

ONLY IN |PaRT BY THE FOREIGN INVESTOR;

LESS THAN 100 PERCENT.
2/_ ACREAGE EQUIVALENT EQUALS THE TOTAL ACREAGE REPORTED MULTIPLIED
BY THE PERCENTAGE HELO BY THE FOREIGN OWNER.

THAT IS» A PERCENTAGE INTEREST

TABLE 37--DISPOSITIONS OF FOREIGN-GWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND

| BY SIZE OF DISPOSITION, JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31. 1981

f ] ] 1
1 OWNERS i PARCELS i) ‘ SELLING
SIZE TY REPORTING | REPORTED 1 ACRES J PRICE
(ACRES) 1) CNUMBER) 1. - (NUMBER) J) (NUMBER) ' (1,000
4 i] 1 1. DOLLARS) 1/
4 rT 4 4
an 1
LESS TH 20 | 39 4. 31L 79575
20-59. ‘i 34 49 1,136 279195
60-99 I il 14 844 155366
100-299 4 48 80 92021 545084
300-999 1 25 36 145606 325036
1000 OR MORE | 35 105 246.992 200,731
TOTAL ! 192 325 2725910 3360987

4/ SELLING PRICE IS VALUE AT TIME OF DISPOSITION.


TABLE 40—-DISPOSITIONS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN GUNERs BY USE,
JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

(ACRES)
1 1 , 1 1 1 fy 1
COUNTRY J°CROPLAND | PASTURE | FOREST | OTHER - JOTHER NUN~ | NO USAGE J TOTAL
1 ot 1 TAGRICULTURE | AGRICULTUREL REPURTED = |
4 am 4 1 1 1 1
1
AUSTRALIA 1 ° 0 o 20 o
BAHAMAS ' 0 ° C) ° o
BELGIUM ] 30 r) o 2 °
BERMUDA i 0 0 ° 20 °
CANADA I 50296 62k 666 706 0
CAYMAN ISLANDS | 323 0 205 °
COLOMBIA 1 0. 20 0 o °
ECUADGR 1 49 ° 0 r) °
FRANCE 1 0 50 0 0. o
GERMANY( WEST) 1 102400 85650 505 40488 °
GUATEMALA | 0 141 6 1 0
HONG KONG | 0 240 o 0 0
IRELAND ' 182 380 0 o °
ITALY 1 0 0 0 99 °
LIECHTENSTEIN | WL 640 1,543 C) ry
MEXICO i 357 0 24 °
NETHERLANDS ' 1,998 21% 175 4 °
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES | 235 39240 270 954 o
NICARAGUA ' t) 4. o 27 °
PANAMA 1 10424 42000 565 20 r)
SPAIN 1 85 80 ° C) ° 0
SWEDEN 1 83 195 ° 30 20 °
SWITZERLAND 1 626 460 200895 0 394 0
UNITED KINGOOM { 534 144 10 65 632 0
VENEZUELA 1 114 ° 0 1 691 r)
THIRD TIER 1 90 C) 32017 669 a o
1
SUBTGTAL 1/ ! 22,537 199149 272652 1,977 82388 °
US/BAHAMAS ' o 0 o 0 1,120 r)
US/BERMUDA ' 19550 0 o oO 804 r)
US/CANADA | 708 32 99817 150 146 o
US/FRANCE 1 25 21935 () 32 8 o
US/GERMANYCWEST) ' 299501 175 59075 30645 34 °
US/JAPAN 1 C) o +0 6 35 °
US/LTECHTENSTEIN ' 1,777 240 3am. 120 266 0
US/LUXEMBOURG | 0 0 0 780351 34 °
US/NETHERLANDS 1 109 0 139446 0 234 o
US/NETHERLANUS ANTILLES( 26772 650 100 560 o 0
US/PANAMA 1 260 60 o 0 o 0
US/SwITZERL AND 1 20883 | C) 153 360 142 o
US/UNITED KINGDOM 1 30490 105251 42862 8.651 405 0
US/ VENEZUELA | 0 120 ° 0 0 0
US/MULTIPLE 1 r) r) C) 1 141 rt
t
SUBTOTAL 2/ ! 430075 149463 330824 91,876 39969 0. 1876207
TOTAL ALL t
LAND DISPOSITIONS i 654612 332612 616476 995853 12.357 0. 272,910

2/ TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. |CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.
2/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CCRPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.

5k



Method of
Acquisition

Relationship of
Representative to
Foreign Owner

Date of
Acquisition

42

More parcels of agricultural land were acquired by foreign
owners for -” "cash only" than by all other methods of acqui-
sition combined (table 25). Of the total parcels, 51 percent,
covering 25 percent of the total acreage, were reported as
being acquired for "cash only." This compares with 6 percent
of the parcels, covering 58 percent of the total acreage,
which were reported as being acquired by “cash and trade only."
The “Credit Only” .category contains reports for 25 percent

of the parcels covering 7 percent of the acreage.

Attorneys filed forms for the largest number of parcels, 32
percent containing 8 percent of the acres (table 25). Attor-
neys may have accounted for the largest number of filings
because |they were involved in the transactions and filed the
forms when the transactions occurred... The “Other” category
(accountants, family members, persons associated with corpo-
rations, and others) accounted for the next. largest number

of parcels,’ 29 percent, reflecting 7 percent of the acres.
Foreign /|owners themselves filed forms for 25 pércent of the
parcels |covering 82 percent of the acreage.

For reasons discussed. at the beginning of the acquisitions
section, the distribution of acquisition dates should be
regarded as preliminary (table 26). The 1983 report will
present |more complete data for month of purchase in 1981.

TABLE, 26——DATE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND
ACQUIRED BY FOREIGN OWNERS»
JANUARY. 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

1 4 H]
] PARCELS 1 ACRES i} VALUE
ACQUIRED 1 > REPORTED 1... (NUMBER) 1 (1,000
| | (NUMBER) | 1 DOLLARS) 1/
4 L 4
1
JANUARY | 134 54496 850414
FEBRUARY ! 143 440133
MARCH ' 262 22252851
APRIL 1 159 914232
MAY 1 169 1309965
JUNE 1 é 163 104290
JULY 1 152 1011626
AUGUST | 106 83,097
SEPTEMBE { 90 26771
OCTOBER 1 46 100275
NOVEMBER! 1 2° 13,774
-. DECEMBER ! 9 1,320
. MULTIPLE ! 1 407
TOTAL ! 1455 28880237 191799714

lV vhiue IS PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE). |



TABLE 7—VALUE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLOINGS

BY STATE, DECEMBER 31. 1981
1 jot 1 ] 1
1 | ( 1 ACRES 1. REPORTED =|. ADJUSTED
1 | RePoRTEeD | WITH 1 CURRENT 4 CURRENT
STATE AND | ACRES 1 VALUE 2/1 CURRENT {VALUE 2/ | VALUE 3/
UsSe TERRITORY | | (NUMBER) | (1,000 | VALUE | (1,000 1 (1,000
1 1 DOLLARS) {| REPORTED | DOLLARS) {| DOLLARS)
| ‘ 1 (NUMBERD 4
i 1g i 4 j _
|
ALABAMA 1 518,225 112,005 567,796 148,599 1845164
ALASKA | 753 345 153 345 385
ARLZONA | 230059 259,576 1555154 2535186 2992212
ARKANSAS ] 100.502 97,789 96,071 1010126 1212362
CALIFGRNIA | 846,713 1.578,107 1652092 16494066 158732706
CGLORADO ‘ 031 3022624 2859747 2570741 2932443
CONNECTICUT | 654 2.418 545 12229 1.338
DELAWARE 1 8051 102524 6016 62867 70944
FLGRIDA 1 4672422 7585220 373042 762.332 888.279
GEGRGIA | 900.570 3614443 860,052 3832261 4129624
GUAM 1 336 20389 0 0 C1)
HAWAIT | 55720 339196 55.586 38,039 4419
IDAHG ! 1650627 624590 164,805 635887 729647
ILLINOIS 1 1435747 199,153 1369485 2255856 2442025
INDIANA | 994342 101,587 90.781 994346 112,788
10WA ! 359859 529932 32,890 550472 649354
KANSAS 1 66,908 335864 645220 36,065 392041
KENTUCKY... | 474954 21.729 420655 454963
LOUISIANA 1 122,914 1102248 1184350 153034
MAINE | 1269221 127342980 1064169 114,255
MARYLAND 1 685940 34,618 79924) 985169
MASSACHUSETTS. ' 848 250 Tal 795
MICHIGAN ! 322018 440763 240404 292126
MINNESOTA 1 17,191 865285 170473 215635
MISSISSIPPI ' 1239544 3279154 127,402 1695156
MISSCURI J 629282 594307 579470 619775 72.689
MGNTANA ] 3261460 471504 293,895 484704 534070
NEBRASKA ! 800143 154327 695308 26.917 31s671
NEVADA | 134774 512301 157816 192380
NEW HAMPSHIRE \ 135801 1019267 13,055 149368
NEW JERSEY | 999743 20,085 88,207 924396
NEw MEXICO 1 46539 501,921 590279 679154
NEW “YORK 1 70»690 3220144 15.678 81.992
VNORTH CARGLINA, | 919572 2302440 1225493 140.082
NGRTH DAKGTA | 35165 16.391 64706 T2641
GHIO 1 83.521 19,077 890797 97,077
OKLAHOMA 1 196805 264103 22,077 25,925
OREGUN ! 215,685 3610247 209,877 219,557
PENNSYLVANIA 1 285470 156,509 309736 522334
PUERTO RICO j 42414 1,388 41646 50444
SOUTH CAROLINA: (J 1739379 4579481 161,854 1992259
SCUTH DAKGTA fd “13,982 360114 135663 149918
TENNESSEE | 48.591 3342530 62,661 68,689
TEXAS 1 141264307 6705632 1,017.292 1.1612910
UTAH | 87,026 210,221 140.883 1724501
VERMONT ' 629856 840461 102541 179143
VIRGINIA od 1549443 915776 127467 137,810
WASHINGTON 4 210.007 3372960 250.685 297653
WEST VIRGINIA ! 19854 234312 110495 139457
WISCONSIN ' 209845 124832 194310 224928
WYCHING ! . 309512 699763, 15,218 16.212
TOTAL Lt * Te2570511 192300664 89455e121

1227099 pes

1005740690

iv REPORTED VALUE ‘Is PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE) AT TIME OF

ACQUISITION.

2/- REPGRTED CURRENT VALUE: REFLECTS. VALUE AT TIME OF REPORTING AFTER FEBRUARY 1, 1979.

3/  REPCRTED CURRENT VALUE ADJUSTED TO FEBRUARY 1» 1981.

HOLDINGS ACQUIRED IN 1981 IS UNADJUSTED.

14

REPORTED CURRENT VALUE FOR


Concentration of
Foreign Acquisi-
tions of U.S.
Agricultural Land

Characteristics
of Foreign Owners

32

in these acquisitions data are reports filed by U.S. entities
which became foreign. during 1981.. This change could occur,
for example, if a 5 percent or more interest in a U.S. entity
was subsequent Ly acquired. by a foreign person. It is important
to realize; therefore, that all of the acquired acres do not
represent recent purchases. These acquisitions could include
land held for any length of time by a U.S. entity which re-
cently came within the definition of foreign person under

the act} All reported acquisition transactions account for
2,888, 237 acres of U.S. agricultural land, of which 2,062,955
acres were held by a single U.S. corporation (with holdings in
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Mississippi, South
Carolina, and Washington) that became foreign owned in March,
1981.

The reported acquisitions data should be regarded as prelimi-
nary in} that it understates to some degree the total acreage
acquired by foreign persons during the 1981 report. year. Be-
cause foreign persons have a statutory 90 days within which to
report their acquisitions, not all of the acquisitions acquired
in the 90 days preceding the December 31, 1981, closing date

of this) report were received for processing by USDA. There-
fore, many reports for the months of October, November, and
December are not included in this report. Table 26 shows that
the distribution of acquisition dates..during 1981 is skewed
toward the first half of the year. In addition, a further
understatement of the acreage acquired by foreign persons in
1981 would result from transaction reports that were not timely
filed and/or completed by the closing date of this report.
Consequently, these reports would not have been processed for
inclusion in this report.

Maine, Georgia, Alabama, Washington, and Mississippi are
reported to have the largest acreages. acquired from January 1
through] December 31, 1981 (table 18). Their total of 2,110,825
acres represents 73 percent of the acres«acquired during this
period.| Rhode Island reported no acquisitions during this
period. .

Type of| Foreign Owner--Corporations. reported acquiring 55 per-
cent of|the parcels during this period:(table 19). Individuals
account for 3 percent of the acres acquired during this period;
corporations, 85 percent; partnerships, 11 percent; and all
others,|1 percent. When partial interests of foreign investors
are taken into account, the, total acreage figure drops from
2.9 million to-an acreage equivalent of 2.6 million, and the
distribution changes .slightly--individuals, 4 percent; corpo-
rations, 84 percent; partnerships, -12;:percent; and all others,
less than 1 percents -


of potential investors. One company, for example, currently

markets a listing taken from the public files.

Thus, the

real estate community is capable of directly soliciting known
foreign investors with offers for additional purchases of U.S.

agricultural land.

63



LIST OF TABLES

Table
1. U.S. agricultural landholdings of foreign owners,
by. State, December 31, 1981 . . 1-2 2 ee we ee ewe
2. U.S. agricultural landholdings by type of foreign
owner, December 31, 1981 . 2... 2 2 eee ee eee
3.- Foreign owners of U.S. agricultural landholdings
by. State, December 31, 1981... 2 2 ee ee eee
4. Foreign-owned U.S. agricultural landholdings by
size of holding, December 31, 1981 .......2%4-
5. Value of U.S. agricultural landholdings by type
of foreign owner, December 31, 1981 ...2..2sese-e
6. Value of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural landholdings
by date of acquisition, December 31, 1981 .......
7. Value of U.S. agricultural landholdings by. State,
- December 31, 1981... ee wee ee we eee eee
8. U.S. agricultural landholdings by country of foreign
owner, December 31, 1981 . 2... 2. ee ee ee ees
9. . Foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural landholdings
by U.S. region, December 31,°1981 .. 2. eee eee
10. Foreign-owned U.S. agricultural landholdings by
type of interest, method of acquisition, and owner-
representative, December 31, 1981 .....24-+-2-2e6
11. Use of U.S. agricultural landholdings by country
: of foreign owner, December 31, 1981 .......0-¢
12.. U.S. forest and other nonagricultural landholdings
of foreign owners by State, December 31, 1981 ....
13, U.S. forest and other nonagricultural landholdings
by country of foreign owner, December 31, 1981 ...
14. U.S. forest and other nonagricultural landholdings
by type of foreign owner, December 31, 1981 .....
15. Foreign-owned U.S. forest and other nonagricultural
landholdings by size of holding, December 31, 1981 .
16. Intended use of U.S. agricultural landholdings of

foreign owners, December 31, 1981 ......4+2.2-

Page

ll

12

12

13

14

16

19

22

24

27

28

29

29

29

iii




P.L, 95-460 authorizes collection of the data on this form. The data will be used to determine the effects of foreign persons ac-
quiring, transferring and holding agricultural land, and the effects of such activity on family farms and rural communities. Furn-

NOTED. ishing the data is mandatory. Failure to comply or falsification of reporting is subject to civil penalty, not to exceed 25 percent
of the fair market value of the interest held in the tract on the date of the assessment of such penalty. The data may be furn-
ished to any Agency responsible for enforcing the provision of the Act and to the public,

IMPORTANT

DEFINITION: “Person” means any individual, corporation, company, association, firm, partnership, society, joint stock company, trust, estate, or any other
legal entity.

You are a “foreign person” under the provisions of P.L. 95-460 and must complete the front side of this form (ASCS-153) if your answer to each of these
three questions is “No”. Yes | NO

1, | AMa citizen of the United States

2,_1 AMa citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands or the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands,

3. 1AM lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence, or paroled into the United States, under the Immigration
and Nationality Act.

OR if your answer to any of these three questions is “Yes”,

4. 1 AMa “person” other than an individual or government, which is created or organized under the laws of:
a._A foreign government or which has its principal place of business located outside the United States.

b, Any State of the United States, and in which 5% or more interest is held directly or indirectly by any foreign individual, government,
or legal entity.

5. 1 AMa foreign government.

INSTRUCTIONS

Complete this form in an original and three copies for each tract of land. Report as a tract all acreages under the same ownership in each county or parish.
Land in different counties or parishes must be reported as separate tracts. Insertion of carbons is necessary.

Return the original and two copies to the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) county office where the tract of land is located or admin-
istered. Retain the last copy (Foreign Person Copy) for your records. D0 NOT SEND THIS FORM DIRECT TO WASHINGTON, D.C.

After the original disclosure on ASCS-153 on the tract(s) of land owned by the same person within a county or parish, each subsequent change of ownership
or use must be reported by filing another ASCS-153,

Item 1, ONLY ONE BOX MAY BE CHECKED, If the tract of land to be listed under item 2 was:

1. Owned on February 1, 1979, check* 4S SincTM

and return the completed form by August 1, 1979.
If the tract of land to be listed under item 2 was, on or after February 2, 1979:
2 Acquired, check ® S838 sree |X] sor

3. Disposed of, check C5 M25rr1cn|

DLA
4. Changed from non-agricultural to agricultural use, check” FO "achreul eNe=

5. Changed from agricultural to non-agricultural use, check = KANQUSE SHANSE TO

and return the completed form within ninety (90) days after tlie transaction,

'tem 3E3c. If incorporated or formed in the United States as an independent, affiliate, or subsidiary company, show the State of
incorporation or formation,
If the answers to 3E3 b and c are “United States” or any “state”, list the name of all foreign persons who hold any interest
in your organization and their address, citizenship of individual, country of government, and country of incorporation or
principal place of business of organizations,

Item 8, This date would be as follows for activity checked in Item 1:
Box A and B - When acquired.
Box C + When disposed of.

Box D and E - When land use changed.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Use additional sheets if more. ‘Space is needed)

65



TABLE 11--USE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNERs
DECEMBER 31, "1981—CONTINUED

(ACRES)
1 ] 1 1 1 1 1
CGUNTRY | ckGPLANG «1 PASTURE | FOREST | OTHER |GIHER NON- | NO USAGE | TOTAL

! ' a VAGRICULTURE|ACRICULTURE| REPORTED |
- 1 i nm 1 r 1 1

t 7
UNITED KINGUGM ! 159179 1170442 1116739 174459 55520 0, 327,939
URUGLAY J 32020 Te9le 490 o 1.033 o 120459
LeSeSeRe 1 44 Q 30 0 0 0 80
VENEZUELA 1 99474 25943 4931 20302 20645 ° 225295
VIETRAY | c 0 152 0 0 0 152
YUGCSLAVIA | 0 0 o ° 1 0 1
MULTIPLE i 40433 82452 25941 Lez22z 15852 160 19,060
PULTIPLE < 5é | 510 0 o 0 0 ° 510
THIky TIER ! 1,008 387 1245290 46 69 0 125,862

SYOTCTAL ./ ! 190300961 Ly325e8OG 146379122 2760445 2750462 14067 4.540.937
US/AKGENTINA i 42. 2,931 o 0 208 ° 39560
US/AUSTRALIA ! 328 364 r) 1s 135 0 785
US/AUSTRIA i e75 0 554 ° 28 ° 14257
US/BAHAMAS ' 16,160 *5,803 907 20,015 999 ° 335884
US/BELGIUM 1 15,896 349355 16059 19552 20462 0 550364
US/DERMUGA 1 19653 » 19277 139454 4720 91636 0 330740
US/BRAZIL 1 14203 16173 0 30h 320 0 25997
US/BRITISh VIRGIN '

ISLANDS 1 952 369 173 199 ° 11.968
US/CANADA ! 349445 1015252 200554 560468 0 216532038
US/CAYMAN ISLANDS 4 130814 =. 167 10485 29569 o 214639

1 548 0 oO o 0 548

2G 1 204 1,950 50 ° 0 o 25284
US/DENMARK 1 292 115 620 10 6 o 14043
US/ECUALLR 1 0 14136 0 0 0 ° 14136
US/EGYPT ' 147 0 1s 0 0 ° 165
US/F INLAND 1 ° 0 20975 oO 72 o 3047
US/FRANCE 1 19144 390801 148824367 17,518 14.857 0 14973.687
US/GERMAKY( nEST) 4 113,155 2525805 339168 142646 205532 390 4354096
US/GREECE 1 0 30531 o 0 30215 0 09746
US/ GUATEMALA i ° 352 0 o “0 0 392
US/GUYANA 1 ° 0 CY 334 o r) 334
US/HONG KONG ' 1e113 5e3l9 0 ° 27 0 60459
US/IRAN 1 A183 1,047 900 506 402 ° 42038
US/TRAG 1 800 G 0 ° 160 0 960
US/ITALY 1 159416 11.246 290543 59976 134985 0 76,166
US/ JAPAN 1 91060 12045 90721 10517 3034% ) 249687
US/KUREA_(SGUTH) i 0 63 0 ) 12 ° 75
US/KURAIT J 428 310 0 ry . 28 0 166
US/LEBAKCN ' aL 40 61 0 2 ° 134
US/LIBSERIA cs 21046 165816 4e8l0 810 30470 0 294952
US/LIBYAN ARAB KEPUBLIC! Q 0 0 277 3 Oo 280
US/LIECHTENSTEIN ! 365067 49790 8201 35588 110322 o 034968
US/LUXEMBCURG 1 209350 1635857 42262 460410 72686 0 2426577
US/MEXICU 1 1,812 134260 14032 50999 25358 r 244401
US/NETHERLANDS t 50,166 590988 5B e262 160181 36 4630 O 221slo7
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES! 860879 = 344915 13,978 Be427 90049 0.” 4635248
US/NEW HEERIDES i 1,300 650 ° 0 158 0 25108
US/NICARAGUA 1 ° 242 40 o 0 ry 282
US/PANAMA ' 225740 | 259499 39956 12854 735 -0 541764
US/PHILIPPINES 1 780 5 o o 385 o 1,224
US/SAUDI ARABIA ' ° 3y542 0 0 ° ° 39d42
US/SGUTH AFRICA \ 12200 1,631 176 50 50 0 34309
US/SPAIN 1 20117. , 1,705 1,523. 65 6 oO 50496
US/SWEDEN 1 so : 15 o 0 123 ° 294
US/ShITZERLAND 1 Toslls 412936 295528 ALezis 119352 0 = 1704143,
US/TALRAN ! 30562 o 15 Q.- oO ° 3e91T
US/THATLAND 1 175, 0 0 7 0 0 252
US/TRINIGAD € TOBAGG 'I 20 0 ° 0 o o 20
US/TURKEY 1 350 $3 tC) 0 a) 0 443
US/UNITED KINGDUM 4 631684 3059723 927.481 634756 822449 205 194421098
US/URUGUAY 1 558 0 ° 0 23 o 581
US/ VENEZUELA 1 144 > 14033 1.178 315 1,089 0 40359
US/MULTIPLE t 69539 25525 219 226 890 0 10,397
US/MULTIPLE < 53 1 270 26 ‘0 68 172 0 536
US/THIRD TIER in 81562 25710 440579 29 055 ° 560935

‘SUBTCIAL 2/ 3 6335430 1y46lel61 525272290 2410741 298,071 595 8,162,908
TOTAL ALL 1 :

LANDHGLOINGS, 1 126649391 247874041 = Ty LO4e GAZ 5185186 5749133, Ly082 124709845

SS 4 _

“"1/ TUTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CORPORATIGNS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHCLOERS.
2/ -TGTAL INTERESTS UF U.S» CORPORATIONS WITH FUREIGNSHAREHGLOERS. ~~



TABLE 3--FOREIGN OWNERS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS

BY STATE. DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
1 | :
STATE i INDIVIDUAL 1 ORGANIZATION
AND LeSe ( Y
TERRITGRY y f] 1 |
1) PARCELS | ACRES § PaRceLS 4 ACRES
1 i 1 n
t
ALABAMA i 13 7198 340 577,427
ALASKA | 0 0 3 153
ARIZONA f 39 95285 211 2200774
ARKANSAS 1 43 19,824 69 80.678
CALIFGRNIA | 251 640453 817 7825260
COLGRADO 1 99 55812 184 3035219
CGNNECTICUT 1 4 105 9 549
DELAWARE 1 6 12612 8 60439
FLORIDA i 498 240232 651 4432190
GECRGIA | 100 350655 550 864.915
GUAM ! 0 0 2 336
HAWAIL | 23 7-301 24 480419
IDAHO i 23 60523 35 1595104
ILLINOIS i 45 92792 265 1332955
INDIANA 1 24 40199 205 955143
1GwA f ra 17,228 57 18,631
KANSAS 1 al 40044 63 625864
KENTUCKY | 26 4680 60 31,364
LOUISIANA | 7 5900 86 1442357
MAINE 1 23 14,865 60 20632040
MARYLAND ' 35 50691 101 325643
MASSACHUSETTS i 2 8 4 430
MICHIGAN i 61 5120 41 42,004
MINNESOTA ' 30 12149 58 870847
MISSISSIPPI i] 7 797 154 3310458
MISSOURI 1 28 99740 - ‘84 522542
MONTANA f 86 292697 82 296» 763
NEBRASKA ' 9 2.885 33
NEVACA i al 115 15
NEW HAMPSHIRE 1 8 10415 17
NEW JERSEY 1 9 407 64
NEW MEXICO { 35 409 28
NEW YORK i 468 29,030 134
NORTH CAROLINA i 48 95431 255
NORTH DAKOTA ' 43 12,902 14
_ OHIO 1 32 65331 272
" OKLAHOMA * i 9 12040 59
OREGON 1 35 75321 57
PENNSYLVANIA 1 22 1,988 65
PUERTO RICO i 4 574 6
SOUTH CAROLINA 1 _ 16 4ol2e o76
SOUTH DAKOTA ' 33 102830 28
TENNESSEE i $2 12,597 191
TEXAS 1 497 1576499 755 6415117
UTAH 1 52k 21,324 30 217.686
VERMONT | 680 30,799 212 60.219
VIRGINIA | 89 220438 191 95,022
WASHINGTON 1 521 485112 414 349,971
WEST VIRGINIA 1 19 39140 21 20.751
WISCGNSIN ' 49 92024 25 8,201
WYOMING ' 2 500 25 123,063
TOTAL ! 40717 1430745 70810. 1129664100

11



TABLE 8—U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY COUNTRY OF. FOREIGN OWNER»

DECEMBER 31e

1981—CONTINUED

(NUMBER)
4 1 |
COUNTRY ] GwWNERS i PARCELS ' ACRES

1 zat n
Ne THERLANDS 4 427 676 128,994
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES | 361 465 5264334
NEW ZEALAND | 5 5 177
NICARAGUA i 2 3 19348
NIGERIA | ons 1 14
NORWAY | 28 28 65963
GMAN 1 2 2 207
PAKISTAN f 8 10 2,271
PANAMA ' 122 159 1434398
PERU \ a. 22 477
PHILIPPINES ' 30 41 29250
PGLAND i 1 1 147
PORTUGAL j 4 5 801
ST VINCENT i 2 4 2,637
SAUDI ARABIA ! 10 15 10,159
SINGAPGRE | 2 2 45
SOLTH AFRICA | 3 4 _ 232
SPAIN 1 14 15 20704
SWEDEN i 13 13 50724
SWITZERLAND | 236 318 180.090
SYRIA 1 3 3 42658
TAIWAN | 17 20 20351
THATLANG f 2 2 131
TRINIOADE TOBAGO | 1 1 649
TURKEY 1 2 2 558
TURKS ISLANDS 1 8 8 1.580
UNITED KINGDOM f 155 215 3272939
URUGUAY i 7 9 125459
UeSeSoRe 1 1 1 80
VENEZUELA f aT 130 220295
VIETNAM 1 1 1 152
YUGCSLAVIA f 1 1 1
MULTIPLE f] 26 36 19,060
MULTIPLE < 53 | 1 1 510
THIRD TIER | 4 227 125,862

1

SUTGTAL 1/ 1 69154 Be 066 495465937
US/ARGENT INA 1 L 2 32560
US/AUSTRALIA \ 5 6 7185
US/AUSTRIA | 4 5 1,257
US/BAHAMAS | 12 28 330884
US/BELGIUM f 20 3h 557364
US/BERMUDA ' 45 50 335740
US/BRAZIL | 2 3 2,997
US/BRITISH VIRGIN ‘ .

ISLANDS | 5 13 11,968
US/CANALA 1 248 902 246534038
US/CAYMAN ISLANDS | 20 28 219639
US/CHINA | 3 3 548
US/COLOMBIA ! 3 4 20284
US/DENMARK \ 3 4 12043
SEE FOOTNOTES AT ENN OF TARLF. CONTINUED--

17



TABLE 6—-VALUE OF FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS
BY DATE OF ACQUISITION: DECEMBER 31. 1981

t 1 ! ' 1 1
i 1 1 acres | 1 acres |
1 1 4 wiTH | PURCHASE | WITH 1 NON—
DATE | PARCELS [| ACRES { PURCHASE J PRICE 1/ [| NGN- = {| PURCHASE
ACQUIRED | (NUMBER) | (NUMBER) | PRICE | (14000 | PURCHASE | PRICE 1/
| 1 1 REPORTED | DOLLARS) | PRICE | (1,000
1 i | cnunBerd | | REPORTED | OOLLARS)
1 ‘ 1 i 1 tnumeeRd |
1 i 4 4 i 1
1 7
1981 i 1415 248640413 7459169 920,807 241199244 2145432
1980 ' LsTTL 144670704 144139892 143979316 530612 91,782
1979 ' 20221 2eh21e77L 243104983 © 14800,025 1106788 140,371
1978 | 1,621 7160215 1034895 9440493 124320 140526
1977 ' 1,145 7569903 140,013 550,879 16.890 136563
1976 1 114 537,075 4520197 2644824 840278 11,768
1975 ' 495 279,684 2744590 1384961 32150
1974-70 ! 12438 893810 8320440 4179688 135547
1969-60 1 1,122 15308752 e211 361 183,730 80157
BEFORE 1960 | 579 19444804 = 143350702 602685 109,102 3093L
NU REPORT \ 6 18,714 18,714 2,876 0 °
TOTAL | 12587 122709¢845 1090395556 67424284 206704289 5150227
1 iy 1
! ACRES ! REPORTED 1 ADJUSTED
' WITH \ CURRENT ‘ CURRENT
1 CURRENT ‘ VALUE 2/ i VALUE: 3/
' VALUE 1 (1,000 i (1,000
! REPURTED 1 DOLLARS) ' DGLLARSD
1 (NUMBER) 1 1
1 4 1
1
1981 ' 28550525 101390681 19139+681
1980 | 103552976 530330 109+ 730
1979 1 202832617 196530181 129376197
1978 t 602554 9730927 191410248
1977 ' 4900538 6915112 809,845
1976 i 4724270 317762 3724354
1975 | 216,720 1609114 1875622
1974-70 1 768.926 5620386 659004
1969-60 1 917,196 321e101 3160266
BEFORE 1960 | 5920814 152,858 1799119
NO REPORT ! 189554 5e2l2 60107
TOTAL | 10,574,690 702300664 651160173

4/_ PURCHASE PRICE AND NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE) AT TIME OF
ACQUISITIGN. .

2/ REPORTED CURRENT VALUE REFLECTS VALUE AT TIME OF REPORTING AFTER FEBRUARY Le
1979.

2/ REPORTED CURRENT VALUE ADJUSTED TO FEBRUARY Le 1981. REPORTED CURRENT VALUE
FOR HOLVINGS ACQUIRED IN 1981 IS UNADJUSTED.

disposed by foreign owners, acreage amounts in each year are
decreased by these land dispositions.

Table 7 adjusts reported current value by State for the

same reasons given in the discussion of table 6. Because
the reported current value in table 7 is adjusted by each
State's average annual increase in farmland value, the total
adjusted current value will differ from that of table 6.
Simply explained, not all land values in table 6 would have
appreciated at the national average. Therefore, the total
adjusted current value in table 7 should be a better measure

13



Intended: Use

aera

Based on reports by foreign owners who reported, owning
only forest land or forest land and other. nonagricultural

“land; these reports account for 53 percent: of. all the

foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land (tables 1 and 12).

/ The remaining 47 percent is primarily farmland, although

it includes some’ forest and/or other’ nonagricultural land

. commonly reported as part of the agricultural landholding

(table |11).

“The average parcel size for parcels with forest. land or forest

land and other. nonagricultural land is°2,707 acres (table 12).
Except ‘for Maine (the: uniqueness of which has. been. noted pre-
viously), New York, and Pennsylvania, the forest or forest and
other nohagriculture acres are concentrated in the South and

“-West. |Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and

Tenriessée’ account for 32 percent of the acres reported. Cali-
fornia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington account for. an additional
A5 Percent.

Foreign persons. from Canada own’ 50:percent of the foreign-owned

“U.S. : forest land or: forest and other nonagricultural lands

(table 13). U.S./France corporations own an additional 27

- percent, followed. by foreign persons from the United Kingdom

with 15 percent.

: I .
. Individuals make up the-largest number. of owners reporting
holdings of. forest land or forest and other nonagricultural

land, but account for only 17. percent of the parcels and 1 per-
cent of the acres (table 14). Corporations reported holding
70 percent of the parcels, representing 94 percent of the
acreage... The rémaining 5 percent of the parcels and acres

are held by partnerships, trusts, estates, and others. When
partial interests are taken into account,.the acreage equiva-
lent is 893,472: acres less than the acres for which reports
were filed.

Owners of parcels with less than 300 acres, 71.percent of
all the owners, own.20. percent of the parcels. covering only
0.4 percent of the forest land or forest and other nonagri-
cultural land (table-15). The remaining 29 percent. of the
owners} owning. parcels with 300 or more acres, ‘own 80 percent
of thejparcels covering 99.6 percent of these lands.

Concern has -been expressed about: farmland being purchased

and taken out of agricultural production. Foreigners do not
appear |to be proceeding in this direction in any substantial
degree. No change in intended use was reported for 92 pércent

* of the | acres (table -16). | Intended use changes to other

agricultural usage were reported for. holders of 2 percent
of the|acres. Reports for 4 percent of the acres indicate



|
TABLE 1--U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS OF FOREIGN OWNERS, BY STATE, DECEMBER 31, 1981
TOTAL LAND z PRIVATELY OWNED FOREIGN-OKNED : PROPORTION OF FOREIGN-
STATE : AREA AGRICULTURAL LAND 2/ : AGRICULTURAL LAND : OWNED AGRICULTURAL LAND
3 OF STATE 1/ : : 3 TO PRIVATELY OWNED LAND
"1, ACRES~--—~= ACRES PERCENT

ALABAMA 32,491 29,467 578,225 2.0
ALASKA 365,333 400 753 0.2
ARIZONA 72,645 10,983 230,059 2.1
ARKANSAS 33,330 28,834 100,502 0.3
CALIFORNIA 100,031 475353 846,713 1.8
COLORADO 66,301 37,527 359,031 1.0
CONNECTICUT 3,118 2,267 654 NEG.
DELAWARE 1,236 1,064 8,051 0.8
FLORIDA 34,658 26,529 467,422 1.8
GEORGIA 37,156 33,253 900,570 2.7
GUAM 135 85 336 NEG.
HAWAII 4,112 1,992 55,720 2.8
IDAHO 52,744 15,166 165,627 1d
ILLINOIS 35,613 32,326 143,747, 0.4
INDIANA 22,996 20,909 99,342 0.5
IOWA 35,818 33,912 35,859 0.1
KANSAS 52,338 49,911 66,908 0.1
KENTUCKY 25,388 22,915 36,064 0.2
LOUISIANA 28,494 26 ,463 150,257 0.6
MAINE 19,837 18,829 2,646,905 M1
MARYLAND 6,295 5,146 38,334 0.7
MASSACHUSETTS 5,007 3,322 438 NEG.
MICHIGAN 36,450 26,117 47,124 0.2
MINNESOTA 50,911 36,204 99,996 0.3
MISSISSIPPI 30,229 26,629 332,255 1.2
MISSOURI 44,125 40,025 62,282 0.2
MONTANA 93,048 54,189 326,460 0.6
NEBRASKA 49,052 45,397 80,143 0.2
NEVADA 70,332 7,586 51,386 0.7
NEW HAMPSHIRE 5,756 4,682 102,314 2.2
NEW JERSEY 4,780 2,894 24,269 0.8
NEW MEXICO 77,654 34,451 660,763 1.9
NEW YORK 30,321 5 24,257 332,803 1.4
NORTH CAROLINA : 31,259 27,321 243,103 0.9
NORTH DAKOTA, : 44,351 39,617 18,805 NEG.
ORTO : 26,243 22,979 39,557 0.2
OKLAHOMA : 43,939 38,875 26,778 0.1
OREGON : 61,558 25,685 514,076 2.0
PENNSYLVANIA Hy 28,728 22,380 158,496 0.7
PUERTO RICO 2 NA NA 1,388 NEG.
RHODE ISLAND: 675 439 0 0
SOUTH CAROLINA : 19,330 15,932 466,420 2.9
SOUTH DAKOTA i 48,609 38,241 41,137 0.1
TENNESSEE : 26,339 22,901 339,927 1.5
TEXAS : 167,691 156,768 798,616 0.5
UTAR : 52,527 10,779 239,010 2.2
‘VERMONT ? 5,935 5,251 91,018 1.7
VIRGINIA : 25,411 21,499 117,460 0.5
WASHINGTON : 42,567 23,028 398,083 1.7
WEST VIRGINIA : 15,436 13,744 23,891 0.2
WISCONSIN 2 34,833 27,637 17,225 NEG.
WYOMING ? 62,073 26,142 123,563 0.5

TOTAL 2 2,265,238 1,290,217 12,709,845 1.0

NA = NOT AVAILABLE

NEG. = NEGLIGIBLE.

i 1980 LAND AREA FROM.GEOGRAPHY DIVISION, CENSUS. BUREAU.

2/° PRIVATELY HELD LAND BASED on T. FREY, UNPUBLISHED DATA, ECON., STAT., AND COOP. SERVICE,
U.S. DEPT. AGR., 1979. ESTIMATE OF TOTAL LAND LESS PUBLIC, INDIAN, TRANSPORTATION, AND
URBAN LANDS. INCLUDES FOREST LAND, PASTURELAND, CROPLAND, RANGE, AND MISCELLANEOUS.



52

TABLE 38-—-DISPOSITONS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY COUNTRY

OF FOREIGN

OWNER, JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981
I | | |
1) GwNeERS = | PARCELS | \ SELLING
CCUNTRY | REPORTING | REPORTED {| ACRES 1 PRICE
1 (NUMBER) =| (NUMBER) = | (NUMBER) © J (1,000
| 4 4 1 DOLLARS) 17
i | i 1
i)
AUSTRALIA 1 1 3 20 24
BAHAMAS 1 2 2 32 392
BELGIUN i 1 1 32 135
BERMUDA | 1 3 1,887 49427
CANADA | 33 40 * 9,886 232640
CAYMAN ISLANDS 1 2 5 588 210622
CULGMBIA \ 1 1 20 300
ECUADCR | 1 1 49 22350
FRANCE f 3 5 315 832
GERMANY (WEST) 1 23 32 24162 429544
GUATEMALA 1 1 2 148. 712
HONG KUNG | 2 2 260 1,065
IRELAND I 3 T 580 550
ITALY | 1 3 99 2,782
LIECHTENSTEIN f 3 3 24894 1e714
MEXICO | 4 5 381 1,673
NETHERLANDS f 10 12 22612 29937
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES) 4 7 iL 50449 159245
NICARAGUA f 1 1 41 7
PANAMA | 8 15 72392 235813
SPAIN | 1 1 165 485
SWEDEN ] 1 1 328 444
ShITZERLAND i 9 9 225375 7,921
UNITED KINGDGM f il 15 1,385 10,652
VENEZUELA | 3 4 806 1,073
THIRD TIER \ 1 17 30797 34904
“SUBTOTAL 2/ | 134 201 85-703 171,533
US/BAHAMAS f 1 1 1,120 640
US/ BERMUDA ' 1 1 25354 4120
US/CANADA 1 12 33 110453 21,746
US/ FRANCE j 4 5 3,000 20952
US/ GERMANY (WEST) 1 5 10 382430 330513
US/ JAPAN | 2 2 41 42522
US/LIECHTENSTEIN \ 4 7 20774 49445
US/LUXEMBOURG ( 4 7 78,385 105826
US/NETHERLANDS 1 2 6 13,789 33,293
US/NETHERLANOS ANTILLES} 3 5 45062 72255
US/PANAMA i 1 2 320 56
US/ SWITZERLAND f 4 10 30538 4,892
US/UNITED KINGOGM 1 13 3h 274659 359450"
US/VENEZUELA i 1 1 120 144
US/MULTIPLE 1 1 3 142 1.600
1 .
SUBTOTAL 3/ i 58 124 187,207 1654454
TOTAL ALL 1 : -
LAND DISPOSITIGNS i 192 325 272.910 336987

4/- SELLING PRICE
~ 2/ TOTAL INTERES
SHAREHOLDERS.

IS VALUE AT TIME OF DISPOSITION.
TS EXCLUDING UeS. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN

a/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.



viii

shares also may mask the country of origin of the investment.
In addition, because the act does not authorize the Department
to inquire about interests beyond the third tier, masking the
country of origin of the foreign investment may be achieved
by establishing additional levels of ownership beyond the
third) tier.

Ownership of a particular parcel cannot be traced over time
because there is currently no way to accurately follow a
specific tract of land when it is acquired and subsequently
sold,| in whole or in part. As a result, the inventory of par-
cels will deteriorate over time. However, USDA is continuing
to examine alternative methods for describing and identifying
ownership patterns.



Land Use

Fifty-six percent of the reported foreign-owned holdings of

‘agticultural: land is timber: or forest land (table 11); crop-

land accounts for only 13 percent.. Cropland, pasture, and
other agricultural land (which includes, for example, orchards
and vineyards) total 39 percent of ‘all ‘foreign-owned holdings,
but less than 0.4 percent of all privately held farmland in
the United States. The "Other Nonagriculture" and "No Report”
categories account for 5 percent of the reported foreign-held
acres.. Nonagricultural land includes acreages such as the
homestead and roads commonly reported as part of the agricul-
tural. landholding or land that is idle now but its last use
within the past 5 years. was for agriculture.

Foreign persons: from Canada own 3,447,707 acres, or 48 percent;
of the reported forest landholdings. U.S./France corporations
hold an additional. 26 percent of: the forest land, followed

by foreign persons from the United Kingdom with 15 percent.
The size of the Canadian and French. holdings are attributable
to. 1) a Canadian corporation with partial interests in seven
parcels covering 881,000. acres, 2) a;U.S. corporation which
recently. became .5 percent. or more Canadian owned which owns

94. parcels. covering 2,062,955 acres, .and 3) a U.S. corporation
which recently became 5 percent or more French owned which
owns 62 parcels covering 1,685,170 acres.

Foreign persons from West Germany, the Netherlands Antilles,
and Canada own the most cropland, 820,;748-acres, or 49 percent.
Foreign persons. with the next. largest holdings of cropland

are from the United Kingdom and Switzerland, each with

8 percent. .

Foreign persons from the Netherlands Antilles, the United -
Kingdom, and West Germany own 49-percent of the pastureland,
1,355,529 acres. ‘Foreign persons: from Canada account for an
additional..8 percent, followed: by foreign persons from Japan
and Mexico not affiliated with a U.S. corporation and U.S./
Luxembourg corporations which own 16: percent, or 434,512 acres.

The largest group of owners of other agricultural land are
foreign persons from the United Kingdom who own 16 percent of
the acres. They are followed by foreign persons from the
Netherlands Antilles not affiliated.with a-U.S. corporation and
foreign persons from Canada and West Germany who own 156,988
acres, or 30 percent. U.S./Luxembourg: corporations and foreign
persons. from Mexico not affiliated: with a U.S.-corporation own
an additional 74,056 acres, or 14 percent. The largest group
of other nonagricultural landowners are foreign persons from
Canada with 25 percent of the acreage.

23.



Penalties

Identity of Coun-
try of Origin

of Foreign
Investment

In fiscal year 1981, USDA assessed’ 707 late filing penalties
amounting to $417,361. During fiscal year 1981 the Department
collected. $237,994, In the first quarter of fiscal year 1982,
the Department assessed 87 penalties. amounting to $250,496,

of which $50,315 have already been collected.

Since the AFIDA program began, the Administrator of the
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service has
decided 263. cases appealing penalty assessments. The
Administrator denied the. appeals in 152 cases, reduced the
penalties in 62 cases, and dismissed the penalties in 49
cases. :

As noted at the outset of this report, all foreign persons
in reporting their interests in U.S. agricultural land are
required to provide certain information identifying the
country of origin of the foreign investor. For. a number

of reasons, this information is not definitive in all cases.

The presence of 3,675 named individuals reporting their
interests through December. 31,. 1980, does not mean that the
identifying information in the report is conclusive. An
indeterminable number .of individuals may be nominees; that
is, the named individual may be holding the real estate in
his name for some one else under a. verbal or, probably un-
recorded, written agreement.

There were an. additional 3,323 owners, as of December 31, 1980,
which are business. entities. These entities are considered
foreign because the aggregate ownership of the entity is

5. percent or more foreign. - If any foreign person individually
holds a.5. percent ot more. interest. in the reporting entity,
the reporting entity mist. provide information about this
second-tier interest. - Information about this second-tier may
reveal the names of individuals or other business entities

or that. shares in the reporting entity have -been issued in
bearer form, ' (Bearer shares are not issued in the name of

an individual or entity. They are issued to “Bearer” and are
redeemable upon presentation by the holder. Consequently, the
identity of the country of: origin of the bearer shareholder

is not available until the shares are redeemed; at. which time,
of course, the bearer no longer. has an interest in the entity.)
If individuals are named or shares have been issued in bearer
form, the Department inquires no further. and the report is
processed under the country of origin of the named individuals
or the country of incorporation of the reporting entity issuing
bearer shares. If there is no predominant country of origin,
the form is processed under the multiple-ownership category.

59


known for their discretion with respect to divulging business—
related information, revealed thé: following information:

Two hundred and sixty-five reports provided the names of 256
individuals from these five countries. One hundred and twenty—
eight of these reports identified 136 individuals at the first
tier of reporting, 109 reports filed by 82 entities identified
98 individuals at the second tier, and 28 reports filed by

24 entities which in turn were owned by 15 entities identified
22 individuals at the third tier. Two hundred and four, or

80 percent, of the 256 individuals were identified as citizens
of Switzerland.

Two hundred and thirty-four reports indicated that the shares
of the first- or second-tier entities organized under the laws
of these five countries were issued in bearer form. One huin-
dred and seventy-six of these reports for 138 entities reported
that the second tier of ownership was in bearer shares, and 58
reports for 37 entities reported they were owned by 41 second-
tier entities, the third-tier ownership of which was in bearer
shares.

Of the remaining 857 reports, which were for entities organized
under the laws of these five countries, 180 reports provided
no identifying information beyond the 167 first-tier entities.
Five hundred and sixty-five reports provided no identifying in-
formation beyond the 346 second-tier entities. One hundred and
twelve reports identified 74 first-tier entities owned by 72
second-tier entities which in turn were owned by 83 third-tier
entities. ‘
In summary, the identity of the country of origin for reports
attributable to these five countries is inconclusive. Only
265 reports, or 20 percent: of the 1,356 reports, provided in-
formation which might be considered as reasonably conclusive
with respect to the identity of the country of origin of the
investment. And, as pointed out earlier, even some of these
may be masking that identification through the use of. nominees.
The remaining reports indicated that 17 percent of the owners
‘are unidentified bearer shareholders and 63 percent were busi-
~mess entities whose owners may ot may not be citizens of the
countries where the businesses are organized.

These reports also provided some information, of an incidental
nature, about the participation of U.S. citizens with for-
-eigners investing in U.S. farmland. -For the 265 reports
identifying individuals, 3 reports identified three U.S.
‘citizens participating in the investments. In the bearer
shares categories, two teports identified two U.S. citizens
participating in the investments with the remainder of the

61


General Program
Operation

62

shares (75 percent) issued in bearer form. Of the 857 reports
for entities organized under the laws of these five countries,
6 reports identified six U.S. entities participating in the
investment and 19 reports identified 15 U.S. citizens.

Ownership of a particular parcel cannot be traced over time
because there is currently no way of accurately following a
specific tract of land when it is acquired and sold. For
example, an investor may own various parcels of land in one
county or among a number of counties. When one or more of
these jparcels, or more significantly a portion thereof, is
sold, jit is frequently not possible to ascertain the parcel,
parcels, or portions thereof, even with the aid of legal de-
scriptions. Consequently, dispositions of acreage occasionally.
must be arbitrarily assigned to particular holdings. As a re-
sult, |the inventory of foreign-owned parcels under the present
reporting system will deteriorate over, time. If a running
inventory of land is to be maintained, each parcel of foreign-
held land must be uniquely identified, preferably with a
geographic locator. 5/ The Department has examined the feasi-
bility of establishing a number of different systems for
monitoring foreign investment in all U.S. real estate 6/ and
is continuing to examine alternative methods for describing
and identifying ownership patterns. .

Section 6 of AFIDA requires the Department to transmit to each
State |completed teport forms for foreign-owned agricultural
land in that State and section'7 requires that the individual.
report forms be available for public inspection in Washington,
D.C. jAt the same time, the Economic Research Service is
continually making improvements in the data base for the AFIDA
report because of additional information received in amended
reports and continuing analysis of the data. Such changes

in the data base lead to discrepancies with the report forms
that are sent to the individuals States and the forms on
publi¢ display. In addition, as a result of the varying con-
ditions of the public files and the various uses made of the
data from these files by the public, data attributed to the
Department may be. inconsistent with the AFIDA report.

Another result of the publicity features of sections 6 and 7
is that AFIDA may have increased foreign investment in U.S.
agricultural land-because the public files are utilized by
vendors of management or real estate services to obtain names

5/. |For a discussion of parcel identifier standards, see Ds

Moyer and K. Fisher, Land Parcel Identifiers for Information
Systems, Am. Bar Found., Chicago, Ill., 1973.
6/ U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Monitoring Foreign Ownership of

U.S. Real Estate, 1979.



|
TABLE 9—FOREIGN CWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY U.S. REGIONs
j DECEMBER 31, 1981-—-CONTINUED
| (NUMBER)
1 1 1 ]
1 SOUTH 1 WEST i) NOR IHEAST 1 NORTH CENTRAL
COLATRY 1 1 4, 4
1 jot 1 1 I 4 ! 1
| PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES
—L 1 1 = 4 1 1
1
UNITED KINGDOM 1 89 41,809 42 1072263 46 1100406 38 689461
ukULUAY 1 2 39695 2 320 1 127 4 8.917
UsSeSeRe 1 0 0 1 80 0 0 ° 0
VENEZUELA \ ST 15,662 co) Q 32 65003 1 630
VIETNAP 1 1 152 0 ° 0 o o 0
YUGCSLAVIA ! o 0 1 1 Q 0 0 0
MULTIPLE 1 20 64710 15 Lash 76 i 17% ° )
MULTIPLE < 5% 1 0 0 1 510 0 0 ° 0
THIRD TIEK 1 te 685172 8 564884 1 179 2 627
1
SUBTOTAL 1/ 1 2519 15324,929 20613 105735069 14660 152582507 874 — 3900392
1
US/ARGENTINA 1 o 0 0 0 0 o 2 39560
US/AUSTRALIA | ° o 1 18 2 125 3 642
US/AUSTRIA ' 4 15245 0 0 ry 12 o 0
US/BAHAKAS | 12 254901 10 40703 2 6 4 30274
US/BELGIUY ' 20. 18,963 4 354397 3 31 4 973
US/ BERMUDA I 32234915 6 7,998 10 10417 2 410
US/BRAZIL | 3 20997 C) 0 ° C) o C)
US/ERLTISH VIRGIN !

ISLANDS ! 2 1,726 2 208 1 90 a 95944
US/CANADA 1 71 2,271,181 323 3720763 76 971.267 3200 -379827
US/CAYMAN ISLANDS 1 23° «189520 1 15341 1 250 3 528
US/CHINA ! 0 0 3 548 0 ° Q C)
US/CGLGMBIA ' 3 20124 r) 0 1 160 ° o
US/DENMARK 1 3 998 1 45 o ° ° 0
US /ECUAGOR 1 1 10136 ° ° 0 o ° °
US/ELYPT ' ry 165 0 0 0 Cy 0 °
US/FINLAND 1 aL 3,047 0 0 ° 0 ° 0
US/FRANCE 1 29 138,140 40 © 0494157 38 141075406 17 78.984
US/GERMANY (WEST) 1 is7 1814479 37 208,662 36 124867 56 32,088
US/GREECE 1 1 14568 2 40957 0 ° 1 2a.
US/GUATEMALA I 1 392 0 0 ° r) 0 o
US/GUYANA 1 2 334 0 0 rt) 0 oO. o
US/HGNG KONG 1 4 50448 4 1,011 ° ° ° 0
US/ IRAN | 4 1,279 3 859 1 1,900 ° °
uS/IRAQ I 0 0 2 960 0) 0 0 )
US/ ITALY | 6 = 744940 1 160 4 675 2 391
US/JAPAN ' 13 7778 22 134003 4 1,949 10 1,957
US/KOREA (SGUTH) I 0 0 1 it Cy 0 0 0
US/KUbAIT > iy 0 0 3 166 o C) C) °
US/LEBARON ' 0 0 ry 0 1 134 ° ry
US/LIBERIA ' 6 Sel27 3 179973 7 60852 ry °
US/LIBYAN AKAB REPUBLIC! 0 0 3 280 o 0 o o
US/LIECHTENSTEIN 1 29° (274618 45 28,939 8 1.645 « 59766
US/LUXEMBCURG ' 9 205453 12 220,870 1 183 5 1,071
US/MEXICO 1 7 39246 7 219155 0 t) 0 0
US/NETHERLANGS f 128405155 1721454626 15 8,928 227 260458
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES] $4 157.4u5 41 2865112 3 1.27L 23° 184380
US/NEW FEERIDES 1 1 20108 Cy Qo 0 0 0 Q
US/NICARAGUA | 2 2e2 0 0 0 a o 0
US/PANANA 1 27 164329 T 220411 8 24040 15 134404
US/PHILTPPINES 1 2 1,193 1 3L 0 C) C) o
US/SAUDL ARABIA i 1 39542 o c o ° 0 °
US/SCUTH AFRICA | 2 34309 o 0 0 o 0 0
US/SPAIN 1 2 39365 6 1.738 1 393 oO 0
US/SbECEN 1 C) 0 0 0 1 107 1 la?
US/ShATZERLAND f 112 464865 bo 48,029 15 5080 53 204163
US/TATRAN | 1 54 36 39863 o 0 C) 0
US/THAILAND l 0 C) 3 252 ° 0 ° 0
US/TKINICAG & TUbAGC I 1 20 0 0 0 Cy) o °
US/TURKEY -4 2 443 0 o 0 ° 0 0
US/UNITED KINGDLK ' $12 6941520 90 287,119 187785 478 4430200
US/URUGLAY | 0 0 0 C) C) 0 1 pal
US/ VENEZUELA { 18 1,937 1 14500 5 922 0 °
US/MULTIPLE 1 9 39303 4 60752 2 260 1 76
US/PULTIPLE < 5% 1 ° 0 1 lo 6 348 3 178
US/THIRD TIER ! 22 525306 6 39240 o o 5 1.329

1
SUDICTAL 2/ ! 25330 249184002 960 293989531 271 291444715 900 7014660
1
TOTAL ALL 1

LANLHULDINGS L 50249 442420931 $0d73 399714580 14931 354034262 16834 1,092,052
=. ; - -

4/ IGTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDIAG UsSs CCRPORATIUNS WITh FOREIGN SHAREHULDEKS.

2/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S |CURPURATLUNS RITH FOKEIGN SHAREHCLUERS.



Table

32.

33.

34,

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

Intended use of U.S. agricultural land acquisi-
of foreign owners, January 1-December 31, 1981 ...

Tenure of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land
acquisitions, January 1-December 31, 1981... 2 eo

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by type
of foreign owners, by State, January 1-December
31, 1981 2 2 ww we ww ee ee ee ewe ww wee

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by foreign .
owners, by citizenship of purchasers, January 1-
December 31, 1981.2... 2.2.2 ec eee eee ene

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by type
of foreign owner, January 1-December 31, 1981 ....

Dispositions of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural
land by size of disposition, January 1-December

31, 1981

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by country
of foreign owner, January 1-December 31, 1981... .

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by country
of foreign owner, by U.S. region, January 1-
December 31, 1981 .% 1. ww et ee ee ee we

Dispositions of U.S. agricultural land by country of
foreign owner, by use, January 1-December 31, 1981 .

Summary of tracts surveyed, 1979

48

49

50

50

50

52

53

54
55


iv

Table ;
17. Tenure of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural
landholdings, December 31, 1981 . 2. eee ee eee
18. U.S. agricultural land acquisitions of foreign
owners by State, January 1-December 31, 1981 ....
19. U.S. agricultural land acquisitions by type of
foreign owner, January 1-December 31, 1981 ...
20. Foreign owners of U.S. agricultural land acquisi-
tions by State, January 1-December 31, 1981 .....
21. Foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land acquisitions
by size of acquisition, January 1-December 31, 1981 .
22. Value of U.S. agricultural land acquisitions by type
of foreign owner, January 1—December 31, 1981... .
23. U.S. agricultural land acquisitions by country of
foreign owner, January 1-December 31, 1981 ....
24. Foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land acquisi-
tions by U.S. region, January 1—-December 31, 1981 . .
25. Foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land acquisitions
by type of interest, method of acquisition, and
owner-representative, January 1—December 31, 1981 ..
26.. Date of U.S. agricultural land acquired by foreign
owners, January 1-December 31, 1981... 2 ee eee
27. Use of U.S. agricultural land acquisitions by country
of foreign owner, January 1-December 31, 1981... .
28. U. -S. forest and.other nonagricultural land acquisi-
tions of foreign owners by State, January 1-December
31,1981... eee eee ee
29. U. -S. forest and other nonagricultural land acquisi-
tions by country of foreign owner, January 1-
December 31, 1981 2. 2 ww ew ew ew ww we ww we we we we ww
30. U.S. forest and other nonagricultural land acquisi-
tions by type of foreign owner, January 1—December
31, 1981 2 ew ee eee ewe eee ww ee wenn
31. Foreign acquisitions of U.S. forest and other non-

agricultural land by size of acquisition, January 1-
December 31, 1981 2 6 ww ee we we we ww re ee

Page

31

33

33

35

36

36

37

39

“Al

42

44

45

46

47

47


Characteristics of
Foreign Owners

the foreign-owned agricultural land in Maine, 2.5 million
acres, is timberland owned by three large timber firms. One
company owns various percentage interests in 881,000 acres.
The other two companies, accounting for 793,000 and 861,000
acres, are U.S. companies which recently became foreign be-
cause they passed the 5-percent AFIDA threshold figure which
defines foreign ownership.

South Carolina, Hawaii, and Georgia have the next largest
proportions of reported foreign-owned agricultural land to
all privately owned agricultural land in their States.

Type of Foreign Owner--Individuals are the most common type of
owner. They account for 53 percent of the owners, followed by
corporations, 32 percent, and partnerships, 12 percent (table
2). The remaining 3 percent of the owners are estates, trusts,
institutions, associations, and others such as real estate in-
vestment trusts, church groups, and foreign organizations not
identifiable with the above categories.

Corporations own 49 percent of the parcels and 85 percent of

the acreage; individuals, 38 percent of the parcels and 6 per-
cent of the acreage; partnership, 11 percent of the parcels

and 8 percent of the acreage; and all others, 2 percent of the
parcels and 1 percent of the acreage. When partial interests
are taken into account, foreign-owned acreage drops from 12.7
million acres to an equivalent of 11.3 million, but distribu-

tion among the type of owners remains virtually the same.
\

TABLE 2—-UsS. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OWNER,
DECEMBER 31. 1981

(NUNBERD
1 ] i fy t
4 i 1 IPARCELS WITH | ACREAGE
QWNER =| GWNERS | PARCELS | ACRES | PARTIAL |
! i 1 LANTERESTS 1/ | EQUIVALENT 2/
1 1 mn 4 1
i
INDIVIDUAL | 3891 4e11T 7430745 467 6182319
CORPORATION | =. 24362 69140 1097635378 478 926600153
PARTNERSHIP | 897 1393 120732310 244 9610770
ESTATE 1 13 16 25373 2 20332
TRUST ' 216 230 1116632 9 107,143
INSTITUTION | 1 1 100 1 40
ASSOCIATION | a 2 50780 2 30988
CTHER ! 17 26 9.527 r) 90527
TOTAL '
H

72398 120587 . 12¢7095845 1.203 110363272

A/ PARCELS WITH PARTIAL INTERESTS ARE THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE OWNED
ONLY IN PART BY THE FOREIGN INVESTOR; THAT I'S, A PERCENTAGE INTEREST LESS
THAN 100 PERCENT.

2/ ACREAGE EQUIVALENT EQUALS THE TOTAL ACREAGE REPORTED MULTIPLIED BY

. THE PERCENTAGE HELD BY THE FOREIGN OWNER.



Except for Maine, foreign holdings are concentrated in the
South and West. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina,
and Texas contain 25 percent of the holdings while California,
Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington contain 22 percent
of the holdings. Rhode Island is the only State with no re-
ported foreign-owned agricultural land.

Foreigners do not appear to be taking purchased agricultural
land out of production. No change in intended use was re-
ported for 92 percent of the acreage. No change in tenure
was reported for 42 percent of the acres while some change
was reported for 27 percent of the-acres. No responses re-
garding tenure change were received for the remaining 31
percent of the acres.

In general, the quantity of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural
land is too small to measure the impact on agriculture at the
national level. In areas of heaviest concentration, some com-
munities could be affected. Research conducted in selected
counties in California, Iowa, and Mississippi compared pro-
duction, pricing, and distribution impacts of foreign ownership
of land with that of domestic ownership. Because of the small
sample size, results are indicative rather than conclusive.
The impacts of foreign investment in U.S. farmland do not
appear to be uniform. The more significant differences were
between tracts operated by owners and tracts that were rented,
regardless of location or nationality of the owners of the
rented tracts. Owner-operated tracts tended to be farmed more
frequently by operators who engaged in livestock operations.
There was also a tendency towards more use of family labor,

on owner-operated tracts and towards more investment in home,
storage, and field improvements such as fencing, drainage, and
irrigation.

Foreign investment in U.S. agricultural land appears also to
have had an impact on State legislation. Since 1977, 8 of the
30 States with some kind of foreign landownership restrictions
have strengthened existing, or enacted new, legislation to
restrict or regulate such foreign ownership. In addition,
since 1975, eight States have adopted reporting legislation.

Data gathering and analysis cost USDA approximately $530,500
for 1981. Infiscal year 1981 and the first quarter of fiscal
1982, the Department assessed 794 penalties for late filings,
amounting to approximately $667,857.

The identity of the country of origin of the foreign investment
has not been conclusive in all-cases. Named individuals may

be nominees; that is, the named individuals may be holding the
real estate in their name for some one else. The use of bearer

vii



of the increase in-value compared: with that of.table:6. ‘The
total adjusted current value by. State: indicates a.17-percent
increase in reported current value.

Country of Origin--Of the 12,709,845 acres of foreign-held
agricultural land reported. by foreign persons, 64 percent is
held by U.S. corporations with foreign:interests.- The re-
maining 36 percent is held by foreign persons not connected
with a U.S. corporation (table 8).

U.S. corporations with Canadian interests own. the-largest
amount. of reported foreign-held acres:of U.S. agricultural
land, 2,653,038 acres, or 21 percent. Adding to this the
1,381,512: acres owned by foreign persons from Canada ‘not
connected with a U.S. corporation’ raises ‘Canadian ownership

to 32 percent of all of the reported foreign-held acreage.
Foreign persons. from France. own 2,021,579 acres, an additional
16 percent. These two. countries then account: for 48 percent
of the total foreign-held acres. . Foreign persons from the
United Kingdom (U.K.) own 1,770,637 acres, or 14 percent. |
Foreign. persons from West Germany and the Netherlands

Antilles. own 1,040,335 acres (8 percent) and 989,582

(8 percent), respectively. These five countries. of origin

own a'total of 9,856,683 acres, or 78 percent: of: all reported
foreign-owned holdings of.U.S. agricultural land.

Foreign ‘persons from. Canada and West Germany. not affiliated
with a U.S. corporation and U.S./U.K.. corporations own the
greatest. number of parcels. Foreign-persons from Canada and
West Germany account for the largest number of owners reporting.

In the South, U.S./Canada, U.S./U.K.,. U.S. fies Germany, and
U.S./Netherlands Antilles corporations own 2,304,671 acres, or
54 percent of the foreign-held acres in the region (table 9).
An additional 649,098 acres, or 15 percent, are owned by for-
eign persons from these four countries not affiliated with a
U.S. corporation. ,

In the West, U.S./France corporations own more acres than any
other single group--16 percent. Foreign persons from Canada,
the Netherlands Antilles, West Germany, and the. United Kingdom
reported. owning 1,914,762 acres, or 48 percent. An additional
647,241 acres, or 16 percent, of the foreign holdings in: the
West were reported by U.S./Luxembourg..and U.S./Netherlands
corporations and foreign persons from Hong. Kong and Japan

not. associated witha U.S. corporation. Foreign individuals
or entities from Canada reported the largest number of parcels,
but accounted for only 5 percent of:-the acres.

In the Northeast, foreign persons from Canada reported owning
the most. acréage--1,990,511 acres, or 58 percent. U.S./France

15


Foreign Ownership of
U.S. Agricultural Lane!
Through December 31, 198%

J. Peter DeBraal
T. Alexander Majchrowicz



TABLE 23--U.S. AGRICULTU

RAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNERs

JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981——CONTINUED
|
| | i 1
1) OWNERS { PARCELS | ACRES | VALUE
COUNTRY I] REPORTING | REPORTED | (NUMBER) | (1,000
I) (NUMBER) =] (NUMBER) 1 | DOLLARS) 1/
1 L i 1
|
MULTIPLE | 2 2 716 4811
THIRD TIER ! 2 175 1112185 106,544
SUBTOTAL 2/ ! 545 850 5159441 5425764
1
US/ AUSTRALIA \ 1 1 18 174
US/ BELGIUM I 1 1 51 430
US/CANADA iy 32 179 -291214357 116,007
US/CAYMAN ISLANDS | 1 1 179 222
US/ CHINA 1 2 2 160 476
< US/DENMARK Nl 1 1 225 160
US/FRANCE i} 13 28 17,557 26 9663
US/GERMANV(WEST) | 27 40 18,076 20.760
US/ IRAN I 1 1 747 934
US/ JAPAN ! 4 4 14984 69854
US/LIBERIA ! 1 3 1.707 35350
US/LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC] 2 3 280 24500
US/LIECHTENSTEIN { 4 6 1,189 30420
US /LUXEMBGURG d 3 3 22920 22266
US/MEXICG | 3 3 106 1,085
US/ NETHERLANDS 1 18 50 84,577 2702564
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES] 15 31 15,188 47.295
US/NECAR AGUA { 1 1 42 97
US/PANAMA i 7 9 20117 49132
US/ SPAIN | 1 2 34365 4,072
US/ SWITZERLAND { 23 36 21,685 27,651
US/TALWAN 1 L 1 80 238
US/THAILAND | 1 1 59 375
US/UNITED KINGDOP | 26 185 679475 80,063
US/VENEZUELA i 3 4 683 25545
US/MULTIPLE | 1 i 35766 95996
US/THIRO TIER ' 2 8 69743 40621
SUBTOTAL 3/ ; 195 605 243724796 636950
TOTAL ALL . i
LAND ACQUISITIONS ! 740 1.455  24888,237 141790714

i

A/) VALUE 1S PURCHASE PRICE GR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE).
2/ TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN

SHAREHCLUERS.

3B/ TCTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPGRATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.

38


Definitions

required to be reported consists of the legal name and address
of the foreign person; citizenship, if an individual; nature
of the legal entity, if not an individual or a government
(including the entity's country of creation and principal
place|of business); type of interest; legal description; acre-
age; purchase price or any other consideration given; and
intended use. In the case of a disposition, the seller is
required to give the legal name and address of the purchaser;
citizenship, if the buyer is an individual; and if the pur-
chaser is not an individual or government, the nature of the
entity, country of creation, and principal place of business.
Failure to comply with AFIDA subjects the foreign owner to a
possible civil. penalty of up to 25 percent of the fair market
value |of the interest held in the land in question.

In accordance with section 7 of the act, completed report forms
are made available for public inspection in Washington, D.C.,
within 10 days of receipt by the Secretary. Section 6 of the
act requires that every 6 months the Secretary transmit to each
State |completed report forms for foreign-owned agricultural
land in that State.

For this report, the term “holdings” applies to all U.S. agri-
cultural land owned by foreign persons as of December 31, 1981.
For those transactions which occurred in 1981, the terms "ac—
quisitions" and "dispositions" refer to U.S. agricultural lands
acquired or disposed of, respectively, by foreign persons.
These |terms are used as the titles for the subsequent sections
analyzing the data reported under the act.

A “foreign person,” as defined in the act, includes any
individual who 1) is not a U.S. citizen or national, 2) is
not alcitizen of the Northern Mariana Islands or the Trust
Territories of the Pacific Islands, or 3) is not lawfully
admitted into the United States for permanent residence. Any
person who holds an Immigration and Naturalization Service
Form 1-151, 1-155, or I-551 (green card) is considered law-
fully. admitted for permanent. residence and is. exempt. from
the requirements of the act. Foreign governments, entities
which |are created under the laws of or have their principal
place |of business in a foreign country, and U.S. entities
in which there is a significant foreign interest or sub-
stantial control are also defined as foreign persons under
the adt.

For th is study, individuals are defined.as one person or a
husband and wife. The “partnership” category includes all
legally defined. partnerships, joint ventures, and tenancies
in common which include two or more persons who are not
married. The term partnership does not differentiate between



FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1981

A Report to the Congress Under the
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act*

INTRODUCTION

Summary of the Act

Foreign individuals and entities reported owning 12.7 million:
acres of U.S. agricultural land as of December 31, 1981, an
amount that represents slightly less than 1 percent of all
privately owned U.S. agricultural land. This key finding and
others are presented here as part of the requirements of the
Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (AFIDA).
The objectives of this report are, as directed by section 5 of
the act, to (1) analyze information sent to the Secretary of
Agriculture by foreign persons; (2) determine the impact of
foreign ownership of agricultural land, particularly the ef-
fects on family farms and rural communities; and (3) determine
the efficiency and effectiveness of the reporting requirements.

The Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act was signed
by the President on October 14, 1978, 1/ and the regulations
thereunder became effective February 2, 1979. 2/ Briefly, the
law, as implemented by the regulations, requires all foreign
persons holding agricultural land as of February 1, 1979, to
file a report of such holdings with the Secretary of Agricul-
ture by August 1, 1979. All foreign persons who acquire or
dispose of agricultural land on or after February 2, 1979,

are required to report such transactions within 90 days of

the transfer. In addition, any foreign person who holds land
which subsequently becomes agricultural land or any person
who holds agricultural land who subsequently becomes a foreign
person must also file a report within 90 days of such change. .

AFIDA specifies in detail the information to be supplied by
the foreign person and provides that necessary additional in-
formation may be obtained by the Secretary. The information

* This report was prepared by J. Peter DeBraal, general
attorney, and T. Alexander Majchrowicz, agricultural economist,
in the Natural Resource Economics Division, ERS. The section
of the report dealing with the impacts of foreign investment
on U.S. agriculture was prepared by Karl Gertel, agricultural
economist, ERS, based on research conducted by Iowa State
University personnel under a contract with USDA.

4/ Pub. L. No. 95-460, 7 U.S.C.§5 3501-3508 (Supp. II 1978).

2/ 7 C.F.R. §§781.1-.5 (1981). See 7 C.F.R.88 2.21(b) (34) ,
27(b)(15), .65(a)(34), and .85(a)(15) (1981) for the delega—
tion of authority.



Land Use

IMPACTS OF FOREIGN
OWNERSHIP

Impacts of Foreign

Ownership on
Family Farms and
Rural Communities

smaller parcels. Average selling price of acreage in the less
than 20-acre-range was $24,357 per acre compared with $813 per
acre in the 1,000 or more acre range.

Country of Origin--Foreign persons from Canada and West Germany
not affiliated with a U.S. corporation and U.S./Canada and
U.S./U.K. corporations disposed of the most parcels of land
accounting for 42 percent of the disposed parcels (table 38).
The most acreage was disposed by U.S./Luxembourg corporations,
which sold 29 percent of all disposition acreage. Average
selling price of all reported dispositions was $1,235 per acre.

Most of the dispositions occurred in the South covering 51
percent of the parcels but only 22 percent of the acres
(table 39). U.S./Canada corporations disposed of the most
parcels and acres: in this region, 14 percent and 18 percent,
respectively. The West accounted for 27 percent of the dis—
posed parcels and 65 percent of the acres. U.S./Luxembourg
corporations were responsible for 44 percent of the acres
disposed in the West.

Of the acres disposed in the report period, 37 percent were
other agriculture, 24 percent cropland, and 23 percent forest
land (table 40). The largest amount of dispositions of other
agricultural land was by U.S./Luxembourg corporations which
accounted for 78 percent of the disposed acres in this land-
use category. U.S./West Germany corporations disposed of the
most cropland, 45 percent of the total. Foreign persons not
affiliated with a U.S. corporation disposing the greatest
amount of forest. land, 34 percent, were from Switzerland.

Section 5 of AFIDA requires USDA to determine the impacts

of foreign ownership of U.S. agricultural land, particularly
the effects on family farms and rural commmities. In general,
the quantity of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land is so
small that it is unlikely to have either a positive or
negative overall impact on agriculture. However, in areas

of heaviest concentration, some communities could be affected.

Pursuant to section 5 of AFIDA, Iowa State University, under
contract with USDA, has completed a survey of operators of
foreign-owned farmland tracts in Iowa, California, and
Mississippi for the 1979 crop year. For comparison, operators
of three classes of U.S.-owned farmland tracts were also
interviewed: (1) tracts not farmed by the owner--the owner
does not.live in the county in which the tract is located

nor in an adjacent county (in Kern County, California the
owner does not live in the ASCS district nor an adjacent
district), (2) tracts not farmed by the owner--the owner

51



34

The largest number of parcels acquired by individuals during
the period was. reported for Texas (table 20). However, the
largest acreage acquired by individuals was in Colorado.
Organizations reported acquiring the largest acreages in
Maine and:Georgia. Organizations reported acquiring 29 times
the number of acres acquired by individuals but they hold
only slightly more than three times the number of parcels
acquired by.individuals.

Size of |Acquisition--The largest number. of owners reported
their acquisitions in the range of 100 to 299 acres (table 21).
However, owners of parcels with 1,000 acres or more (15 percent
of the owners) acquired approximately 96 percent of the acres
and owners of. parcels with less than 1,000 acres (85 percent
the owners) acquired the remaining 4 percent of the acres.
Parcels ranging in size from 300 to 1,000 or more acres ac-
counted |for 79 percent of the value. The value per acre,
however, is concentrated in the reports of holders of less
than 20 |acres—-$20,857 per acre, compared with $269 per acre
for holdings of 1,000 or more acres.

Equity ts frequently used to measure-net foreign investment
transfer. To approximate. equity, debt was subtracted from
current |value for all reports that provided information on
debt:.and current value. The 1,435 reports providing informa-
tion on|/debt, $430,349,000, and current value, $1,180,034,000,
resulted in an equity figure of $749,685,000 (table 22). These
figures|reveal an equity figure of 64 percent in relation to
current |value.

Country |of Origin~-U.S. corporations with foreign interests
acquired 82 percent of the acreage; foreign persons not
affiliated with a U.S. corporation acquired the remaining 18
percent |(table 23). Foreign persons from Canada, West Germany,
and the|Third Tier not affiliated with a U.S. corporation and
U.S./U.K. and U.S./Canada corporations accounted for the
largest number of parcels reported, representing 85 percent

of the reported acreage during the period. U.S./Canada corpo-
rations/account for 73 percent of the total acreage. An
additional 4 percent of the acreage is owned by foreign persons
from Japan not associated with a.U.S. corporation.

The largest report of value for the period is from U.S./
Netherlands ‘corporations. This reported value totaled
$270,564,000, or 23 percent of the total reported value, but
coveredjonly 3 percent of the acreage. .

Most of|the acres acquired during this period were in the South

: (table 24). Third Tier foreign persons not affiliated with

a U.S. corporation and U.S./U.K. and U.S./Canada corporations

|



Relationship of
Foreign Owner to
Representative

22

5 percent of their shares held by foreigners, or an individual
exchanging land for stock in a new corporation.

Forms were most commonly completed by the foreign owners.
These owners completed and filed forms accounting for 30
percent of the parcels, or 43 percent of the total acreage
(table| 10). The second largest group is the "Other" category,
which includes accountants, family members, and people

associated with or employed by corporations.

People in the

“Other/' category filed forms for 24 percent of the parcels
representing 18 percent of the foreign-held agricultural

land.
TABLE 10—FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS
BY TYPE OF INTEREST, METHOD OF ACQUISITION.
AND OWNER-REPRESENTATIVE. DECEMBER 31, 1981
(NUMBER)
] ]
ITEM i PARCELS rT ACRES
1 1
| 1
INTEREST: 1
FEE INTEREST KHOLE 1 10,159 10+265,893
FEE INTEREST PARTIAL 1/ ' 1,203
LIFE ESTATE ! 37
TRUST |BENEFICIARY ) 158
PURCHASE CONTRACT 1 933
OTHER | 1 94 402453
NO REPORT 1 3 358
|
TOTAL | 12,587 1247094845
|
METHOD OF ACQUISITION: |
CASH ONLY | 5.800 309062335
CREDIT ONLY 1 49536
TRACE |ONLY | 221
GIFT/INHERITANCE ONLY ' 364
FORECLOSURE ONLY ! 22 8835
OTHER |METHOD ONLY ' 298 210700286
CASH & CREDIT ONLY ' 12044 925.627
CASH & TRADE ONLY ' 131 205679811
CASH & ANY OTHER COMBINATION 1 37 90351
NO REPURT ! 56 265230
NGNCASH CCMBINATIONS 1 78 203,015
(
TOTAL | 12,587 1257099845
OWNER-REPRESENTATI VE '
ATTORNEY ! 20646 240032310
MANAGER ' 1,722 108772692
AGENT 1 1,093 670,056
OTHER . 1 25985 292859216
FOREIGN OWNER 1 35831 5e447e 712
NO neraat ‘ 310 4255859
4
H 125587 129709, 845

, Tora

a/ the FEE INTEREST PARTIAL IS USED FOR THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE
OWNED ONLY IN PART BY THE FOREIGN INVESTORs THAT 1Se A PERCENTAGE

INTEREST LESS THAN 100 PERCENT.


TABLE 24--FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF UsS. AGRICULTUR\L LAND ACQUISITIONS BY U.S. REGION,
JANUARY. 1-DECEMBER 315 1961

(NUMBERD
1 f} 1 ]
! SLUTH 1 WEST ! NURTHEAST ! NURTH CENTRAL
1, 1 -
CCUNTRKY i} 1 1 ' t 1 ! ij
| PARucLs | ACRES | PAKCELS | ACRES 1 PARCELS | ACRES ‘| PARCELS I. ‘ACRES
lecPCRTEC | IREPORTED | IREPGRTED | (kEPORTED I
4 1 J L 1 4 1 1
1
AKGERTINA I 6 57h o 0 ° ° ° o
AUSTRALIA 1 1 202 0 C) 0. o 0 °
AUSTRIA ' 1 10 2 1,280 C) ) 3 360
BAHAMAS ' 5 462 1 138 0 ° C) 0
BELGIUM 4 3 253 ° Q 1 32 o °
BEKMUDA 1 1 278 Q a 0 ° 6 278
GRITISF VIRGIN ISLANDS | 6 334 é 1,286 0 o 0 0
CAAA 1 le 5e176 TL | 399486 56 11836 2 279
CAYPAN ISLANDS | < 515 1 80 0 o 4 14304
CHINA 1 0 ° 1 176 o o 0 0
CULM 1A 1 2 al ° a) o o C) °
DENMARK | 1 a7 0 ° 3 134 ° o
ECUAUER ' 2 58 0 0 0 0 0 0
FRANCE 1 13 34561 2 888 L 86 oO 0
GERMANY (nEST) ' To 554396 4L 43,983 8 19136 - 31 79759,
GREELE { 0 0 0 0 o ° 2 129
GUATEMALA ! 1 15 Q 0 r) 0 r) 0
HERG KEAG ' 3 65 2 170 0 o o )
ISRAEL 1 ° ° 0 0 ° o a 291
ATALY 1 2 14658 0 o r) 0 C) 0
JAPAN 1 o ° 2 107,208 o ° ° 0
JURDAN 1 1 42 CY) 0 o ) 1 al
KUnAIT | 1 365 ° Q o 0 o °
LEBANON 1 1 106 0 c ° ° ry 0.
CIBERIA ' 3 291 0 o =) 0 ° o
LIECHTENSTEIN 1 2 20 3 1.731 3 345 2 aol
LUXEMBCURG ! 1 24509 C) ) 0 ° ) 0
MALAYSEA H 1 10 0 o ° ° ° o
MEXICC ' 49 AL, 7C9 oo ) 2 85 2 232
NETHERLANDS 1 15 3el2z 5 65824 6 25297 * 390
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 35 139486 23. 125267 1 138 2 16453
NIGERIA ' 1 14 Q 0 0 0 o 0.
PANAMA ! ly 4,091 4 eis 4 2.178. 2 19398
PHILIPPINES ! 1 43 o. 0 0 r) o o
PORTUGAL 1 ° o a 5 o 0 0 0
ST VINCENT 1 3 1.328 o 0 0 ry ° 0
SAUDI ARAEIA | 1 17 0 0 0 ri 0 o
SPAIN 1 1 148 0 0 o ry rf 525
ShEDEN ! ° 0 1 45725. 0 o 0 °
SWITZERLAND | 22 69469 4 34546 12,” 20.921° 2 262
TAIWAN I 1 408 0 0 ° o 0 ry
TURKS ISLANUS 1 ) 0 2 3 r) 0 ‘0 o
UNITED KINGLGM I 1B 49519 2 1,098 6 SéL 7 1,681
VENEZUELA ' 10 25544 0 0 2 166 0 o
MULTIPLE | 2 Tle v 0 0 0 0 0
THIRD TILER \ 167 | 54,097 6 559909 1 179 1 400
SUBTOTAL 1/ ! 496 175776 175. 2815768 106 . (400694 13 5 17,203
SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE. ‘CONTINUED-~

39



Interest in Land

Method of
Acquisition

corporations reported owning an additional 1,107,406 acres,
or 33 percent, bringing the concentration of foreign owner—
ship between these two countries of origin to 91 percent of
the foreign-held acreage in the Northeast. The sizable
Canadian figure is attributable to one Canadian corporation
with partial interests in seven parcels covering 881,000
acres and one U.S./Canada corporation owning 14 parcels
covering 861,000 acres. The French figure is attributable
to one U.S./France corporation which owns 25 parcels covering
973,658 acres. Foreign persons from Canada not affiliated
with a U.S. corporation reported owning 63 percent of the
parcels, but, removing the seven parcels covering 881,000
acres, accounted for only 4 percent of the acres.

In the North Central region, foreign persons from the United:
Kingdom reported owning 511,729 acres, or 47 percent, of the.
total foreign-held acres reported in the region. U.S./France
corporations and foreign persons from West Germany and Canada
reported owning an additional 320,659 acres, or 29 percent.

Of the 12,587 parcels of foreign-held U.S. agricultural land,
81 percent of the parcels, accounting for 81 percent of the
reported acreage, is held in fee interest whole (that is, the
owner holds the.estate in its entirety). Partial interests
are held in another 10 percent of the parcels and reported
purchase contracts cover an additional 7 percent of the parcels
(table 10).

Under the AFIDA regulations, leases of 10 years or longer
are the only leases that need be reported. 3/ . Leases are
treated separately because they represent a totally different
type of interest. Questions on value, tenure, and method

of acquiring land do not apply because the ASCS-153 form was
not devised to deal with leases. The Department received 320
reports covering a net total of 784,211 acres of leased land.
Timberland accounts for 610,473 acres, or 78 percent of the
reported foreign leaseholds.

More foreign investors reported paying cash for their U.S.
agricultural landholdings than using any other method of
acquisition. Of the total foreign-owned parcels, 46 percent,
covering 31 percent of the acreage, were acquired for "cash
only" (table 10). This compares with 36 percent of the par-
cels, containing 20 percent of the acreage, which were acquired
by “credit only," and 1 percent of the parcels, containing 20
percent of the acreage, which were acquired by “cash and trade
only.” The “Other Method Only" category includes mergers,
corporations that became foreign persons by having more than

“37 Hd. §781.2(c)

21



EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS

. Efficiency

Effectiveness

58

enforcement in these States also vary and until recently
they have varied from no recorded violations in some States
to a few old reported cases in others.

Since|the midseventies there has been a noticeable amount of
legislative activity in the State legislatures with a variety
of bills introduced in a number of these legislatures to
restrict, regulate, or monitor foreign ownership of U.S.

real éstate. Since 1977, 8 of the 30 States with some kind
of foreign landownership restrictions have strengthened
existing or enacted new legislation to restrict or regulate
such foreign ownership: Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota,
Missouri, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota.

In addition to these restrictive or regulatory enactments,
since| 1975 eight States have adopted reporting legislation:
Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota,
Ohio,| and Virginia. These statutes, some of which are

modeled after the AFIDA legislation, require foreign owners

of U. 8. real estate, primarily agricultural land, to report
their| holdings and/or acquisitions to specified State agencies.
Iowa was the lead State in enacting foreign-ownership reporting
requirements in 1975. Prior to 1975 there were no such
reporting requirements in any State.

Section 5 of AFIDA requires the Secretary to report on the
efficiency and effectiveness of the reporting requirements in
section 2. Efficiency is interpreted to mean the costs of
current procedures.’ Effectiveness is interpreted to include
coverage and compliance, completeness and accuracy of re-
sponses, and usefulness of the data for analyzing the impacts
of foreign ownership.

Administration of the AFIDA program for obtaining and
analyzing the data has required an estimated 22.8 person—
years at a cost of approximately $530,500 to the Department
for the past year. The Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service contributed approximately 19 person-
years at an estimated cost of $427,600. The remaining
costs and person-years are attributable primarily to the
Economic Research Service, with some contributions by the
Office of the General Counsel and the Office of Governmental
and ‘pes Affairs.

The effectiveness of the AFIDA program is summarized in
this report from information obtained on penalties, attempts
to identify the country of origin of foreign investors, and
general program operation.


SUMMARY

vi

Foreign persons reported that they owned 12.7 million acres,
or slightly less than 1 percent, of U.S. agricultural land
(farmland and forestry), as of December 31, 1981. This figure
is 4/9 million acres larger than the acreage reported last
year! All of the increase in foreign landownership did not
gecy since the closing date of the previous report-—December

1980.. This year's figure is larger because it includes
aeolte for 2.3 million acres.that were acquired prior to
1981|but which were filed after last year's cutoff date. Ad-
ditionally, 2.1 million acres were classified foreign owned
when |a major U.S. corporation became 20-percent foreign owned
in 1981. These and other findings are based on an analysis
of reports submitted to the U.S.: Department of. Agriculture
under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of
1978.

Forestland accounts for 56 percent. of all. foreign-owned acre-
age, |cropland for 13. percent, pasture and other agriculture
for 26 percent, and nonagricultural and unreported use for

5 pageants

Corporations own 85 percent of the holdings acreage; partner-
ships, 8 percent; and-individuals, 6 percent. The remaining 1
percent is held by estates, trusts, associations, institutions,
and others.

U.S. |corporations, in which 5 percent or more of the ownership
is foreign, reported owning 64 percent: of all. the foreign-held
acreage. The remaining 36 ‘percent was: reported as being held
or acquired by foreign persons not affiliated with a U.S.
corporation.

A number of acres are held only in part. by foreign investors.
When |the total holdings -are adjusted for these partial in-
terests, the acreage drops to. 11.3. million acres, a reduction
of 11 percent.

Foreign persons from Canada, France, the United: Kingdom, West
Germany and the Netherlands Antilles account for 78 percent
of the foreign-held acreage.

The largest number of acres owned by foreign persons was re-
ported in Maine. Foreign holdings in Maine account for 21
percent of the. total reported holdings and 14 -percent. of the
total privately, owned agricultural land in Maine. ° Ninety-six
percent. of the foreign-held acres in Maine are owned by three
large timber companies. One company has only partial interests
in 33 percent of the acres. and the other two companies are U.S.
companies which recently became foreign.


12

TABLE 4—-FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS
BY SIZE OF HOLDING, DECEMBER 31, 1982

| t ' 1
SIZE 1 OWNERS 1 PARCELS 1 ACRES
(ACRES) H (NUMBER) | (NUMBER) | (NUMBER)
| f]
LESS THAN 20 1 24065 25168
20-55 1 12240 10419
60-99 i 610 807
100-299 | 15336 1,785 2340694
300-S9S | 1,216 10832 6725850
1000 OR MORE \ 931 40576 1146960291
TOTAL 1 7398 129587 12, 7092845
4
TABLE S—VALUE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANOHOLOINGS
BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OWNERs DECEMBER 31, 1982
1 ' 1 ] '
ct 1 acres | re |
1 1 WITH | PURCHASE | WITH =| — NON-
1 OWNERS § PURCHASE | PRICE 1/ | NON- _ | PURCHASE
OWNER LUNUMBERD | PRICE | (1,000 | PURCHASE | PRICE 1/
' | REPORTED | DOLLARS) | PRICE | (1,000
| 1 (NuMBER) 1 -REPORTED {§- DOLLARS)
1 f | 1 CNUMBERD ©
4 n j i 1
4
inoiviouM. ' 3,891 608, 106 749528 1352639 265695
CORPORATION | 20362 8 9 3969629 498190985 29 3665749 3830574
PARTNERSHIP | 897 9264500 9726140 146.810 95,071
ESTATE 1 13 1,668 40679 705 15
TRUST 1) ane 924209 179,066 199423 79122
INSTITUTION 1 1 100 390 0 °
ASSOCIATION | 1 50780 10.400 o o
OTHER 1 17 By 564 65096 963 ool
!
TOTAL ! 72398 100399556 627420284 206704289 5159227
i b

ova euacHase PRICE AND NONPURCHASE PRECE. AT TIME OF ACQUISITION.
w

current| value. The adjustment factor was based on the national
average| annual increase in farmland values over time. The ad~
justed current values are not presented as absolute values for
the foreign-owned land in this report but should be viewed as

approximations of probable appreciation in value.

The data in table 6 are not intended in any manner to indicate
trends over time in the level of acquisitions by foreign
persons. Acreage owned in the years listed is the total
amount of land that was reported purchased during that year
and whith remained foreign owned at the closing date of this
Because land is continually being

report,| December 31, 1981.


TABLE 34—DISPOSITIONS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OMNERS.
BY STATEsJANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

. (HUNBER)
t T 7
1 INDIVIDUAL ! ORGANIZATION 1 TOTAL
STATE 1 - 1 1
AND UsSe ' T 1 T ' T
TERRITORY 1 PARCELS | ACRES 1 PARCELS | ACRES «| PARCELS I ALNES
1 RepoRTEO 1 1 RePGRTED | | 1. REPORTED |
4 1 i 1 1 1
t
ALABAMA 1 ° o 8 61061 8 e061
ARI ZGNA 1 0 o 20 1,257 20 14257
ARKANSAS 1 ° o 36948 1 34968
CALIFORNIA ' 2 49 22 506355 24 504404
Ccucraoa 1 @ ° 2 109,733 2 109,733
FLCRIDA 1 9 2an 24 nda 33 40373
GEORGIA ‘ 4 2 24 114335 28 11,359
HaWALL 1 0 0 a 35 1 35
ILLINOIS 1 o 0 3 323 3 323
INDIANA 1 2 628 9 cores a 10,092
1CWA 1 4 515 1 2 5 S17
LCULSTANA 1 0 0 10 30733 to 30733
MAINE 1 ° ° 2 15,569 2 15569
KISSISSIPPI ! o ° 3 7 3 177
MISSCURL ‘ ° 0 2 142d 2 142d
CNTANA 1 o o 1 237 1 237
NEBRASKA 1 0 0 2 320 2 320
NEW JERSEY 1 1 252 7 414 ‘ 666
NEw YORK ' 1 5 3 78 * ‘a3
NORTH CAROLINA ' o ° re 14543 1 14543
GKLAHOMA 1 o ° 8 34032 e 3,032
cREGON ' ° ° 2 13,440 2 13.466
PENNSYLVANIA 1 1 32 0 ° a 32
SCUTH CAROLINA ' ° ° az 14192 az 4192
SOUTh DAKOTA 1 3 316 1 238 * 554
TENNESSEE ' ° ° 5 44605 5 49605
TEXAS ' 9 59962 28 164523 “7 220485
ura 1 5 200 3 34 8 234
VERHONT ‘ a 253 10 1,029 au 1,282
VIRGINIA 1 1 328 1 339 8 ‘oo?
MASHINGTON 1 rs 234 5 103 a 337
fISCONSIN ' 2 ise a 6 3 213
HYGHING | 1 1,600 0 ° 1 1,600
ToTat i cra 100777 253 2624133 325 2724910

Transfers by foreign investors to U.S. purchasers accounted
for 59 percent of the parcels and 71 percent of the acres
(table 35). Reports for 23 percent of the parcels and 19
percent of the acres indicated that they were transferred
to other known foreign persons. Reports for 15 percent of
the parcels covering 9 percent of the acres indicated dis-
positions to persons of unknown citizenship.

Corporations were the most active type of foreign owner
disposing of land--accounting for 55 percent of the owners,
59 percent of the parcels, and 84 percent of the acres (table
36). In comparison, individuals accounted for 30 percent of
the owners, 22 percent of the parcels, and 4 percent of the
acres.

Size of Disposition—-The largest number of owners, 25 per-
cent of all owners that reported dispositions, disposed of
parcels in the range of 100-299 acres (table 37). However,
these owners accounted for only 3 percent of the total acreage
disposed. The. most acreage disposed was for parcels with
1,000 or more acres accounting for 91 percent of the acres.
As should be expected, sales prices per acre were higher for

49



Summary of
Selected Survey
Results

56

In Iowa and California, foreign-owned tracts were most often
leased|under a cash lease, while U.S.-owned tracts were rented
more frequently under a crop-share arrangement. In Missis—
sippi,|the reverse was true, more foreign-owned tracts were
under a crop-share lease than U.S.-owned tracts. In California
and Mississippi, foreign-owned tracts were leased for a longer
term than U.S.-owned. tracts. In Iowa, a l-year lease was used
most frequently on both foreign- and U.S.-owned tracts.

In the|following summary, the term "significant" means
significant at the 90 percent probability or higher level
as obtained from small sample tests of significance.

Quality of Land--Judging by crop yields and percentage of
land that was cultivated, there was little difference in
the average quality of land owned by type of owner.

Size of Tract--Foreign-owned tracts were somewhat larger in
Towa and California. Mississippi was the only State where the
size of foreign-owned tracts was significantly larger.

Price Paid for Land--Price comparisons, adjusted for land
quality, were only available for Iowa. In that State, price
paid for land of comparable quality was approximately the
same for all ownership classes.

Type of Lease--In Iowa and California, a significantly larger
proportion of foreign-owned tracts were leased for a cash
rental] rather than a share of the crops. However, in
Mississippi, a significantly larger proportion of the for-
eign-owned tracts were under a crop-share lease.

Livestock--The proportion of tracts operated by farmers who
engaged in livestock operations was greatest for owner-operated
tracts| in all three States. In Iowa, only the difference
between foreign-owned.tracts and owner-operated tracts was
significant. However, in Mississippi, foreign-owned tracts
ranked! second only to owner-operated tracts in the proportion
of operators with livestock operations. In California, the
difference between owner-operated and rented tracts, in the
proportion of operators with livestock, was significant for

all types of nonoperator owners.

Conservation--Because of the small number of tracts with
sloping land, no conclusions could be drawn concerning use
of soill conservation practices on sloping lands. In Missis-
sippi,| a significantly larger proportion of foreign-owned
tracts were enrolled in government~sponsored conservation and
cost-sharing programs than owner-operated and rented U.S.-
owned tracts.


TABLE 14--U.Se FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS
BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OWNER. DECEMBER 31, 1981
(NUMBER)

i
UPARCELS WITH ACREAGE

——
———
a

i
OWNER 1 OWNERS PARCELS ACRES 1 PARTIAL EQUIVALENT 2/
i} UINTERESTS 1/
4 rt
1 >
INDIVIDUAL | 360 408 65,843 47 62783
CORPORATION | 200 1s726 693145230 72 504279432
PARTNERSHIP | 65 312 2925433 17 268,819
ESTATE 1 L i 14 0 14
TRUST J 15 16 8,537 0 82537
OTHER H 4 5 865 oO 865
TOTAL iH 645 29468 69681,922 136 557882450

A/ PARCELS WITH PARTIAL INTERESTS ARE THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE OWNED ONLY
IN PART BY THE FOREIGN | INVESTOR; THAT IS» A PERCENTAGE INTEREST LESS THAN
100 PERCENT.

2/ ACREAGE EQUIVALENT EQUALS THE TOTAL ACREAGE REPORTED MULTIPLIED BY
THE PERCENTAGE HELD BY THE FOREIGN OWNER.

TABLE 15—-FOREIGN-OWNED UeSe FOREST AND
OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS
BY SIZE OF HOLDING, DECEMBER 31, 1981

! | !
SIZE | GwNERS | PARCELS | ACRES
(ACRES) ! (NUMBER) | (NUMBER) | (NUMBER)
4 1
|
LESS THAN 20] 197 203 19440
20-59 { 113 118 32704
60-99 i 44 48 39422
100-299 | 101 129 17,120
300-999 | 84 125 47,162
1000 GR more 106 12845 66093074
TOTAL i 645 20468 626814922

TABLE 16—INTENDED USE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS OF FOREIGN OWNERS.
DECEMBER 31, 1981
(NUMBER)

1 4
OTHER | OTHER NON- |

1 1 1
ITEM 1NO CHANGE | 1 TOTAL
! JAGRICUL TURE | AGRICULTURE! AEPORTED i
am rn
1
INOIVIDUAL '
PARCELS REPORTED = 4o315 134 254 % 4eTTT
ACRES 1 6692589 279405 424045 40706 7438745
ORGANI ZATICN= i}
PARCELS REPORTED =, 60277 231 1,180 122 72810
ACRES 1 112047695 2019262 5470454 1699689 1149664100
1
TOTAL: '
PARCELS REPORTED =| 102592 365 15436 196 12.587
ACRES 1 11,717,284 228,667 5492499 1749395 12,709,845
4

29



Tenure

Tenure Change

30

that some change to nonagricultural use is intended. Such
reports do not necessarily mean, however, that all of these
acres will be changed. What the reports do mean is that
the holders of these acres intend to change the use of some
of the|acreage. However, the report form does not ask how
many acres willbe involved. Reports representing 1 ‘percent
of the|acres did not indicate intended use.

Organizations reporting.an intended change to nonagricultural
use account for 4.7 times the number of parcels and 13 times
the number of acres as individuals reporting an intended
change|to nonagricultural use.

Tenants operate 35 percent of the parcels of foreign-held U.S.
agricultural land, whereas foreign owners directly operate 32
percent of the parcels and managers operate: 8 percent of the
parcels (table 17). No responses*to the tenure question were
received for the remaining 25 percent of the parcels. However,
tenants operate 23 percent of the acres while foreign owners
directly operate 47 percent and managers 6 percent. No re-
sponses on tenure were received for the remaining 24 percent
of the/jacres.

Foreign owners directly operate the largest number of the acres
of U.S! agricultural land in all regions of the country except
in the|West. In the West, tenants of foreign owners operate

" more acres than the foreign owners.

Rental |agreements were reported for 4,739 of the parcels, or
38 percent, covering 25 percent of the acres. Of the rental
agreements, cash agreements accounted for 64 percent and crop-
share agreements for 34 percent.

No tenure changes were reported for 39 percent of the parcels,
or 42 percent of the acres (table 17). Reports for 33 percent
of the |parcels containing 26 percent of the acres indicate a
new tenure arrangement on at least part of the land. The num-
ber of |acres affected by the new tenure arrangements are not
reported. Thus, the acreage may be overstated; that is, all
of the jacres in these parcels are not necessarily affected by
new tenure arrangements. Nevertheless, reports for 0.3 percent
of the |parcels, accounting for 0.3 percent of the acres, in-
dicated that some of the tenure arrangements would remain the
same and some would change. No responses on tenure changes
were received for 27 percent of the parcels containing 31
percent of the acres. :

In the |South, new tenure arrangements were reported for 46
percent of the parcels containing 41 percent of the acres,
whereas no tenure change was reported for 37 percent of the


Tenure

Tenure Change

TABLE 28-—-U-Se FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL LAND
ACQUISITIONS OF FOREIGN OWNERS BY STATE.
JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 312 1981

] 1 f]
STATE 1 PARCELS i) ACRES { VALUE
AND U.S. 4 REPGRTED ' (NUMBER) 1 (12000
TERRITORY 1 (NUMBER) ' ! DOLLARS) 1/
at
ALABAMA | 55 2635512 13,714
FLORIDA i} il 490614 4120
GEORGIA 1 81 417e176 379144
IDAHO 1 1 197 5
ILLIANGIS ! 4 285 1.677
MAINE i 20 886.290 265658
MARYLAND 1 1 50 25
MISSISSIPPI ! 9 176.873 72037
MISSOURI 1 2 910 227
MONTANA 1 3 10 58
NEW YORK t al 52380 1.912
NORTH CAROLINA i) at 95284 30635
OHIO 1 3 38 9
* OREGON 1 10 1119574 134.934
SOUTH CARGLINA 1 192 1072398 339363
TENNESSEE 1 16 115403 6,997
VERMONT i) 3 555 112
VIRGINIA 1 1 13 26
WASHINGTON 1 20 2455321 12,666
4
TOTAL ! 470 202854883 2845319

4.

A/) VALUE IS PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUED.

for holders of 1 percent of the acquired acres. Because the
form asks for changes by parcels and-not acres, all of these
acres may not be affected by the indicated changes.

Foreign owners directly operate 44 percent of the parcels
acquired during the period and 12 percent of the acres, where-
as tenants operate 25 percent of the parcels and 9 percent

of the acres (table 33). Managers, however, operate only

8 percent of the parcels and 2 percent of the acres. No
responses on tenure were received for 22 percent of the par-
cels covering 77 percent of the acres.. Foreign owners. operate
parcels accounting for 29 percent of the value, whereas tenants
operate parcels accounting for 25 percent of the value.

Rental agreements were reported for 29 percent of the parcels
covering 10 percent of the acres acquired during this period.
Of the rental agreements, cash agreements accounted for 64
percent and crop~share agreements for 34 percent of the parcels.

Reports for 33 percent of the parcels acquired during the

period indicate no tenure change for 12 percent of the acreage
(table 33). Reports for 43 percent of the acquired parcels

45



j
1
|
|

TABLE 8—U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNER.

DECEMBER 31, 1981—CONTINUED

(NUMBER)
1
CGUNTRY ! OWNERS PARCELS ACRES
4 1
|
US/ECUADOR ‘ 1 1 10136
uUS/EGYPT | 1 1 165
US/FINLAND i 2 11 35047
US/FRANCE { 40 224 129735687
US/GERMANY(WEST) 1 163 326 435,096
US/GREECE | 4 4 60746
US/GUATEMALA 1 1 1 392
US/GUYANA | 1 2 334
US/HONG KONG | 7 8 69459
US/TRAN ! 6 8 42038
US/TRAQ 4 1 2 960
US/ITALY 1 1 13 765166
US/JAPAN ' 30 49 24,687
US/KOREA (SOUTH) ! 1 1 75
US/KUWAIT | 2 3 766
US/LEB ANON | L 1 134
US/LIBERIA | 13 16 295952
US/LIBYAN ARAB. REPUBLIC] 2 3 280
US/LIECHTENSTEIN \ 53 86 63,968
US/LUXEMBGURG i 2. 27 2422577
US/MEXICO ! 12 14 240401
US/NETHERLANDS | 7 542 221,167
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES] 92 lel 4635248
US/NEW HEBRIDES | 1 1 20108
US/NICARAGUA ! 1 2 282
US/PANAMA i 40 57 540784
US/PHILIPPINES i 3 3 1,224
US/SAUDI ARABIA 1 a 1 39542
US/SOUTH AFRICA | 2 2 3309
US/SPAIN 7 ie 5 9 50496
US/SWEDEN 1 2 2 294
US/SwITZERLAND | 122 236 170,143
US/TAIWAN ‘J 37 37 30917
US/THAILAND 7 1 1 3 252
‘US/TRINIDADETCBAGO ‘ | 1 20
US/TURKEY 4 1 2 443
US/UNITED KINGDOM | 98 10498 104425698
US/URUGUAY | 1 1 581
US/VENEZUELA \ 19 24 49359
US/MULTIPLE © ! 14 16 10,397
US/MULTIPLE < 53 1 2 10 536
US/THIRD TIER \ 16 33 562935
SUBTGTAL: 2/ ! 10244 4521 8.162.908
TOTAL ALL f]
LANOHOLOINGS I> 7.398 125587 1297099845
; |
1/. TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.
2/ . TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.
18


TABLE 33—-TENURE OF FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS»
JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31. 1981

1 1 '
1. parcees) t ACRES | VALUE
TENURE | REPORTED. | (NUMBER) \ (1,000
1 (NUMBER) 1 { DOLLARS) 4/
4 1 1
]
CURRENT: i
FOREIGN OWNER 4 ose 3364506 3360269
MANAGER ! 17 100.572
TENANT ' 370 293,000
NO REPORT | 319 __. 4370052
TOTAL ! 1.455 28880237 191790714
RENTAL |
crop | 144 665128 860013
CASH ' 270 213938 2240111
BOTH 1 6 26398 20656
NO REPORT 1 391 202699267 5300665
NOT APPLICABLE 1 644 336¢506 3360269
t
TOTAL | 1.455 258882237 1017s 714
‘
INTENDED CHANGE: 1
NONE 4 414 3439669 3492499
NEW 1 619 3210675 37120190
BOTH i 4 30993 20790
NO REPORT \ 358 202182900 4560235
1
1 1.455 256880237 141790714
1

TOTAL

A/ VALUE IS PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTEMATED VALUE).

changes to nonagriculture occurred on 2 parcels, or 1,142
acres. | Of the dispositions that were reported, 59 parcels
covering 24,553 acres were for lands acquired in 1981 and
266 parcels representing 248,357 acres were for holdings ac-
quired [prior to 1981.

For the same reasons noted at the outset of the acquisitions

* discussion, the reported dispositions and land-use changes
data should be regarded as preliminary for the 1981 report
year. |Reports that were not timely filed ‘and/or completed
or statutorily were not required to be filed by the closing
date of this report are not included in this report.

Characteristics Type of Foreign Owner—-The largest. amounts of acres which
of Foreign Owners were disposed were in Colorado and California and covered 59
Disposing Land percent of the total disposition acreage (table 34). The

greatest number of dispositions occurred in Texas, accounting
for 14 |percent of the parcels but only 8 percent of the acre-
age. Seventeen States reported no dispositions during the

period! ~

48



Impacts of Owner-
ship on State

Legislation

Home and Storage Improvements from 1975 to 1980--In Iowa and
California, improvements were made on a significantly larger
proportion of owner-operated tracts than on foreign- or U.S.-
owned tracts that were rented. In Mississippi, the largest
percentage of tracts on which improvements were made was
foreign owned.

Field Improvements from 1975 to 1980 (Fencii Drainage,
Irrigation)--In Iowa and California, field improvements were
most frequently made on owner-operated tracts. However, only
in Iowa was the difference between foreign-owned tracts and
owner-operated tracts significant. In Mississippi, field im-
provements were made with significantly greater frequency on
foreign-owned tracts than on all classes of U.S.-owned tracts.

Family Labor--The proportion of work done by family labor

was smallest on foreign-owned tracts in all three States.

In California, the proportion of work done by family labor
was significantly lower on foreign-owned tracts than on all
classes of U.S.-owned tracts. In Iowa, the difference between
foreign-owned tracts and U.S.-owned tracts that were rented
was significant. In Mississippi, the difference in family
labor between tracts in various ownership classes was not
significant.

Marketing Outlets--The proportion of tracts from which crops
were sold to a regional outlet rather then a local outlet
did not vary significantly in California and Mississippi.

In Iowa, a significantly larger proportion of foreign-owned
tracts had sales to regional outlets than U.S.-owned tracts
that were rented.

As of September 30, 1981, 30 States had some type of law
restricting alien ownership of land: 4/ Arkansas, California,
Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indi-
ana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, North Caro-—
lina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South
Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Many of these restrictions date from the 19th century and
have a wide range in the degree of their restrictiveness.
Some merely prohibit the sale of land to enemy aliens,
while others place an acreage and/or time limit on the
alien ownership, while stll others attempt to strictly
prohibit the purchase of land by aliens. The records of

4/ J.W. Mayer, "State Laws Relating to the Ownership of

U.S. Land by Aliens and Business Entities," Staff Report
AGES811113, Econ. Res. Serv., U.S. Dept. of Agr., 1981.

57



CONTENTS

ti

LIST OF TABLES « «2 2 ee ee eee

SUMMARY . 2 2 «2:0 2 ee ee we we
INTRODUCTION - - se ee ee ee ee

Summary of the Act .....-
Definitions ... . 2.2.2 26

ANALYSIS OF DATA REPORTED UNDER THE ACT ..... .~

Holdings -. 2. 2. se ee ee eee
Acquisitions ....+-+..-.
IMPACTS OF FOREIGN OWNERSHIP . .. «

Impacts of Foreign Ownership on
and Rural Communities ....

Impacts of Foreign Ownership on
State Legislation. ....-.

{
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS . . « «

"Efficiency ee ee wee ewe
Effectiveness . . . se se oe

APPENDIX: REPORT FORM ASCS-153..

Dispositions and Land-Use Changes . . . - + +

Family Farms

iii

vi

_

31
46

51

51

57
58

58

64


TABLE 23--U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNER»

JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

! ! | |
| GWNERS { PARCELS J ackES | VALUE
COUNTRY | REPGRTING { REPORTED 4 (NUMBER) J (1,000

1 (NUMBER) | (NUMBER) | §) DOLLARS) 1/

1 1 L L

1
ARGENTINA | 5 6 571 49606
AUSTRALIA J 1 1 102 50
AUSTRIA 1 4 6 19650 1,386
BAHAMAS ! 3 6 620 1,386
BELGIUM i 4 4 285 938
BERMUDA | 6 7 556 184
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS | 6 8 12620 32843
CANADA | 129 145 56.779 540576
CAYMAN ISLANDS 4 4 7 1,899 100545
CHINA | 1 i 176 1,100
COLCMBIA | 2 2 81 1,011
DENMARK | 3 4 251 888
ECUADGR | 2 2 58 926
FRANCE | 15 16 40535 11,561
GERMANY (WEST) | 119 156 108,274 845627
GREECE | 2 2 129 32046
GUATEMALA 1 1 1 15 489
HONG KGNG | 3 4 235 1.674
ISRAEL | 1 1 291 180
ITALY J 1 2 19658 12193
JAPAN i 1 2 107,288 39624
JORDAN ! 2 2 63 163
KUWAIT | 1 1 365 886
LEBANON ! 1 1 106 82
LIBERIA i 2 3 291 1,755
LIECHTENSTEIN j 9 10 2.537 7,916
LUXEMBOURG | 1 1 2,509 10750
MALAYSIA i 1 1 10 279
MEXICC f 44 53 12,026 15,361
NETHERLANDS | 24 30 12,633 235478
NETHERLANOS ANTILLES 4 48 61 270344 89,970
NIGERIA | 1 1 14 3,800
PANAMA 1 20 29 8482 435654
PHILIPPINES | 1 1 43 65
PORTUGAL | 1 1 5 5
ST VINCENT ! 1 3 1,318. 20496
SAUDI ARABIA | 1 1 175 480
SPAIN 1 2 2 673 325
SWEDEN j 1 1 40125 900
ShITZERLAND | 31 40 31,198 195825
TAIWAN 1 1 1 308 385
TURKS ISLANOS | 2 2 13 106
UNITED KINGDOM 1 23 33 7,859 25.581
VENEZUELA { 10 12 34710 30714

H

SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE.

CONTINUED--

3T



TABLE 20-—-FOREIGN OWNERS OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY STATE.

JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981
(NUMBER)
f f]
4 INDIVIDUAL | ORGANI ZATION
STATE 1 |
AND UsSe 1 1 | f
TERRITORY | PARCELS 1 ACRES 1 PARCELS ! ACRES
1! REPORTED | 1 REPORTED |
J 1 1 i
{
ALABAMA ! 0 C) 61 3220421
ARIZONA 4 2 920 27 41023
ARKANSAS | il 69626 10 77860
CALIFORNIA 1 2. 95289 81 56753
COLORADO 1 14 28,636 38 712625
CONNECTICUT 1 () 0 2 50
DELAWARE | 2 356 0 . Q
FLORIDA ! 26 1,408 87 685369
GEORGIA 1 32 90489 11l 438,027
HAWAII i 0 0 2 39
IDAHO ! ° 0 3 all
ILLINOIS | 5 974 55 11,856
INDIANA i 3 846 23 10,219
IOWA | 0 0 1 30
KANSAS f 1 160 2 1,665
KENTUCKY 1 6 15329 3 19535
LOUISIANA i 0 0 4 19925
MAINE | 2 8,057 20 880,061
MARYLAND i] 3 280 9 1,639
MICHIGAN I 4 479 1 73
MINNESOTA 1 2 588 6 717
MISSISSIPPI ' 0 C) 16 201,887
MISSOURI I 2 205 2 910
MONTANA I 7 50445 7 10.944
NEBRASKA { o o 1 160
NEVADA ' () 0 3 1,380
NEW JERSEY 1 0 C) 6 70
NEW MEXICO 1 2 175 3 107,350
NEW YORK ' 35 1,807 20 85237
NORTH CAROLINA ! 6 25309 39 125613
OHIO | 4 342 L 42635
OKLAHOMA 1 0 0 2 30348
OREGON ( 2 . 479 14 1132201
PENNSYLVANIA 1 1 32 5 1,093
SOUTH CAROLINA I 2 1,637 208 1125652
SOUTH DAKOTA ! ry 900. 1 840
TENNESSEE | al TL 25 17,677
TEXAS | 67 De412 118 430530
UTAH | 5 200 5 50904
VERMONT ! a. 702 18 30241
VIRGINIA f 14 1.331 29 95181
HASHINGTON | 10 592 35 2502291
WEST VIRGINIA 1 1 105 C) t)
WISCONSIN | 5. 352 3 416
RYOMING | 0 0 3 22606
TOTAL ! 335 96.173 1.120 297920064

lo
i



60

If the reporting entity, is owned by one or more other entities,
each of which individually holds a 5 percent or more interest
in the reporting entity, the Department may require information
about |who owns these 5-percent interests; that is, information
about |the third tier. Information about this third tier may
again|reveal the names of individuals or business entities or
that shares in the second-tier entities have been issued in
bearer form. If individual names or bearer shares are re-
ported, the report is processed as described above. If still
other/entities are named, the Department stops here because

it is|not authorized,to obtain ownership information beyond
the third tier. The form is then processed under the name

of the predominant country of origin.

As can be seen from the foregoing, information on the country
of origin of the foreign investor may be unavailable or in-
conclusive. The use of multiple tiers of corporations to ob-
scure|the identity of the country of origin of the investment
may be made through any country, including the United States.
Through December 31, 1981, 20 owners complied with the AFIDA
reporting requirements but their country identities did not
go beyond the United States. In one instance, a U.S. trust
company (the first tier) reported that it held two parcels in
trust|for a U.S. partnership (the second tier) whose partners
were a U.S. corporation and another U.S. trust (the third
tier)! In another,instance, a U.S. trust company (the first
tier)|reported holding, six parcels for five U.S. farming corpo-
rations (the second tier) the shares of which were in turn
held.in trust by the same U.S. trust company for a different
trust] account (the third tier).

More common arrangements are for corporation A to be owned by
corporation B which in turn is owned by.corporation C. For
example, a Delaware corporation which is’ owned by a Connecticut
corporation which in turn is owned by a Swiss corporation.

The report in this instance. is processed.as Swiss but there

is no|certainty that the Swiss corporation is actually Swiss
owned . :

A. variety of these and other techniques in effect have masked
the identity of the country. of, origin-of the investment, some
of which may or may not have been deliberate attempts to avoid
disclosure under AFIDA. A search through the more than 10,000
reports filed prior to December:31, 1980, to ascertain how
many reports are not.reasonably conclusive in revealing the
identity of the country of origin of the investment would be
prohibitive in terms of manpower. However, a search through
the 1,356 records from Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Nether-
lands|.Antilles,.Panama, and Switzerland, countries which are


or timber products are less than $1,000 in annual gross sales
and such products are for the use of the person holding an
interest in the land.

AFIDA requires reporting “any interest" other than a security
interest (a mortgage or other debt-securing instrument). The
regulations exempt leaseholds of less than 10 years' duration,
contingent future interests, and those noncontingent future
interests that do not become possessory upon termination of
the. present estate. In addition, nonagricultural easements
and rights-of-way are exempt. In an interpretation issued

by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), an interest
solely in mineral rights is also exempt.

U.S. agricultural land owned by a U.S. entity deemed a foreign
person under the act (the party legally responsible for pro-
viding the information required by the act) is reported from
the standpoint of the U.S. entity rather than that of the
foreign shareholder.

The AFIDA procedures provide for land to be reported by parcels.
All land held in the same manner (type of interest), located

in one county, and acquired at the same time is considered a
parcel and is to be reported on a single form. Land does not
have to be adjacent to be considered part of one parcel. This
parcel concept is intended to ease the reporting burden.

All of the parcels (and acres) for each owner have been com
bined under each owner. Therefore, the number of owners is
less than the number of parcels. However, because owners do
not always report their names in exactly the same way on each
form, it is difficult to attribute these forms with great pre-
cision to one person or legal entity. Some foreign persons
hold land in their own names and also hold interests in enti-
_ ties which own other lands. These entities are treated as

separate owners.

“The data in this report should be viewed in light of the
foregoing caveats and those accompanying the tables. Re-
porters' errors must also be considered in reviewing this
study. Resulting data deficiencies are noted and highlighted
.a8 appropriate. The "No Report" category in the tables means
that a response to the particular question was not made. Note
that the acreage figures reported do not mean that they are
wholly owned by foreign investors. Of the 12.7 million for-
, eign-owned acres, 64 percent are owned by U.S. corporations
that are 5 percent or more foreign.owned (table 8). In ad-
dition, a number of acres are owned only in part by foreign
investors. See, for example, table.2,.which gives the acre-
_ age ‘equivalent for those foreign owners reporting partial



TABLE 30—U.S. FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS
BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OWNER, JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
1 i 1 1 f]
4 1 i IPARCELS WITH |
GUNNER 1 GWNERS | PARCELS | ACRES | PARTIAL I ACREAGE
IREPGRTING| REPORTED | | INTEREST | EGUIVALENT 2/
i i i} | REPORTED 1/ |
1 i 1 1 J
1
INDIVIDUAL | 18 2. 16,079 2 90865
CORPORATION § 42 272 201256755 53 1,683,665
PARTNERSHIP | 1 176 149,971 3 149.659
TRUST ' 1 1 78 0 78
1 .
TOTAL 1 72 470 25285.883 58 220432267
1

1/ PARCELS WITH PARTIAL INTERESTS ARE THUSE PARCELS WHICH ARE OWNED
ONLY IN PART BY THE FOREIGN INVESTOR; THAT IS» A PERCENTAGE INTEREST
LESS TREN 100 PERCENT. .

2/ ACREAGE EQUIVALENT EQUALS THE TOTAL ACREAGE REPORTED MULTIPLIED
BY THE PERCENTAGE HELD BY THE FOREIGN CWNERe

TABLE 31—-FOREIGN ACQUISITIONS OF UeSs FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL
LAND BY SIZE GF ACQUISITION, JANUARY 1—DECEMBER 31, 1981

‘ 1 f
SIZE 1 OWNERS 1 PARCELS 1 ACRES ‘ VALUE
(ACRES) 1) REPORTING { REPORTED 1) (NUMBER) 1 (1,000
H (NUMBER) J (NUMBER) ! 4) DOLLARS) 1/7
4
i
LESS THAN 20° } 12 43 4% 229
20-59 ' 12 15 383 785
60-$9 1 5 5 360 35705
100-259 1 13 17 21626 25045
300-995 1 il 18 62490 40805
1000 GR MURE H is 402 292755930 2722750
TCTAL ! 72 470 222855883 2844319

4/ VALUE 1S PURCHASE PRICE OR NCNPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE).

TABLE 32—INTENDED USE OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS GF FOREIGN OWNERS.
JANUARY 1-DECENBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
' 1 1 J 1
ITE 1 NO CHANGE J OTHER  JOTHER NON- | NO REPORT | TOTAL
1 AGRICULTURE | AGRICULTURE! i
1 i 1 1 1
1
~ INDIVIQUAL: 1
PARCELS REPORTED =| 294 19 a7 5 335
ACRES ' 840773 8,888 1.217 1.295 960173
ORGANIZATION: 1
PARCELS REPORTED =. 934 46 126 we 1,120
ACRES ! 207320721 240120 300956 4267 207925064
TOTAL: 1.
PARCELS REPORTED =| 1,228 65 143 19 1,455
ACRES | 2,817 .496 33,008 320173 59562 298884237

47



TABLE. 39—DISPOSITIONS OF UsS. AGRICULTURAL LAND BY COUNTRY GF FOREIGN OWNER» BY U.S. REGION.

JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 31, 1981
(NUMBER)
1 1 ‘ 1
1 SOUTH 1 “WEST i} NORTHEAST 1 NORTH CENTRAL
1 1 4 4
COUNTRY J 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]
4 PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES
IREPORTED | JREPORTED | JREPORTED | IREPORTED |
4 1 1 1 1 1 L 1
: 1
AUSTRALIA ' 3 20 o C) 0 0 ° C)
BAHAMAS ' 2 32 ° 0 0 0 0 o
BELGIUN | ° o ° 0 1 32 0 o
BERMUDA ( 3 1,887 ° C) 0) C) o .)
CANADA | 2 629 25 8,280 12 739 1 238
CAYMAN ISLANDS 4 2 265 C) 0 0 ° 3 323
COLGMBIA ‘ 1 20 0 0 o 0 oO 0
EcuaooR ' 1 4d o 0 0 ° ° 0
FRANCE ' 5 315 0 0 ° ° 0 0
GERMANY (WEST) 1 15 52798 10 164380 1 3 6 1.981
GUATEMALA 1 2 148 0 0 0 0 ° 0
HONG KCNG 1 1 90 1 170 0 0) 0 0
IRELAND ' 6 380 ° ° 0 0 1 200
ITALY. | 3 99 ° ° oO 0 0 o
LIECHTENSTEIN i] 1 1,543 2 1.351 0 ry ° °
MEXICO 4 5 3aL r) 0 ° ° ° 0
NETHERLANDS | 5 20292 4 104 3 216 ° °
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 3 32505 3 16840 5 104 C) 0
NICARAGUA | 1 41 0 C) ° 0 C) 0
PANAMA 1 4 30972 1 30420 ry 0 C) C)
SPAIN i 1 165 Q 0 0 C) C) 0
SWEDEN | 1 328 0 0 0 0 ° °
SWITZERLAND | 7 7123 0 C) 2 155252 0 o
UNITED KINGOGM | 6 324 3 335 1 100 5 626
VENEZUELA { 1 39 ry C) 3 167 o 0
THIRD TIER ! 17 30797 0 o o 0) 0 C)
SUBTOTAL 1/ H 108 = 334242 49 312880 28 175213 16 35368
US/BAHAMAS 1 1 15120 C) ° Cr) 0 0 0)
US/BERMUDA i 1 20354 ry 0 ° 0 0 0
US/CANADA ' 23°. 10,633 8 750 1 5 1 65
US/FRANCE | 4 20975 1 25 0) o 0 0
US/GERMANYIWEST) 1 0 0 4 «38266 5 162 i 2
US/JAPAN ! 0 - 0 2 41 0 o 0 C)
US/LTECHTENSTEIN { 1 10615 4 907 2 252 ° °
US/LUXEMBOURG ' ° 0 T 784385 rr) 0 0 0
US/NETHERLANDS 1 0 ° 6 = 134789 ° 0 0 C)
US/NETHERLANDS. ANTILLES! 3 39522 2 560 0 C) ° 0
US/PANAMA | 0 0 0 0 ° o 2 320
US/ SWITZERLAND | 9 3529 rt 9 0 0) C) 0
US/UNITED KINGDOM ! lL 698 5 = 12-671 ° ° i5 144290
US/ VENEZUELA | 1 120 C) o ° o °
US/MULTIPLE \ 3 142 o o o 0 ° 0
SUBTOTAL 2/ ' 57 262708 40 145403 8 419 19 14,677
TOTAL ALL H
, LAND. DISPOSITIONS a 165 = 599950 89 = 1774263 36 179632 35 = 184045

A/ TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.

2/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.

53



from the Northeast data, a high concentration of foreign
investment appears in the South and West.

There are approximately 1.29 billion acres of privately held
agricultural land in the United States (table 1). In each
State (except Rhode Island, with no foreign holdings, and
Maine, noted later), only a small proportion of the privately
held agricultural land is foreign.owned (fig. 2).

The South and West have the largest amounts of agricultural
land holdings, containing 33 and 31 percent, respectively,
of all reported foreign holdings of U.S. agricultural land
(table 9). Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and
Texas contain 3,211,253 acres (table 1), or 25 percent,

and California, Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington
contain 2,778,666 acres, or 22 percent, of all reported
foreign holdings of U.S. agricultural land.

Maine has the largest amount of foreign-owned U.S. agricultural
land, 2,646,905 acres, or 14 percent of the privately owned
agricultural land in the State and approximately 21 percent
of the reported foreign-owned U.S. agricultural land. Most of

Figure 2

Proportion of Foreign-Owned Agricultural Land to All Privately Owned
Agricultural Land in the United States, December 31, 1981

Legend: Percentage
Less than .1%

ad f 1.0 to 1.9%

2.0% or more



PREFACE

This report is made pursuant to section 5 of the Agricultural
Foreign Investment Disclosure Act cf 1978 which requires the
Secretary of Agriculture to (1) analyze information on foreign
ownership of U.S. agricultural land (farmland and forestry)
required to be reported under the act; (2) determine the im-
pact of such ownership, particularly the effects on family
farms and rural communities; and (3) determine the efficiency
and effectiveness of the’ reporting requirements. The act re-
quires a report on the information received in the first 6

- months of implementation of the act, a report covering informa—

tion received during the first year of implementation of the
act, and thereafter annually on a calendar-year basis. This
report covers information received through December 31, 1981.


28

TABLE 13—U.S. FOREST AND OTHER NONAGRICULTURAL

LANDHOLOINGS
BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNER» DECEMBER 322 1961
(NUMBER)
1 i i
CGUNTRY | OWNERS {| PARCELS .| ACRES
4 4 1
1
AUSTRALIA | 3 5 ost
AUSTRIA 1 3 9
BAHAMAS | 1 1
BELGIUM 1 1 1
BELIZE i a 2
BERMUDA ! 3 3
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS | 4 6
CANADA 1 315 354
CAYMAN ISLANDS 1 2 3
CHILE 1 a a
CHINA’ 1 1 1
DENMARK 1 2 3
EGYPT) 1 2 2
FRANCE 1 2 2
GERMANY (hEST) i 5 103
GREECE 1 3 3
HGNG KONG 1 1 4
ANDONESIA i 1 1 20
IRAN | 1 2 2 131
ITALY, 1 1 1 60
JAPAN, i 1 1 200
JORDAN 1 a 2 40
LEBANCN ' 1 1 25
LIBERIA ‘ ry a 890
LIECHTENSTEIN 1 8 8 90395
MEXICG 1 3 7 30866
NETHERLANDS 1 9 aL 52805
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES = 1 25 35 40,873
NEW ZEALAND 1 1 1
PANAMA i} 3 3 39024
PHILIPPINES i) 3 3 146
ST VINCENT ' L 1 20
SAUDI’ ARABIA i} 1 1 Ww
SwITZERLAND ! a 24 31,019
SYRIA 1 1 1 38
UNITED KINGDGA 1 4 24 1000936
VENEZUELA ] 8 to 1.596
VIETNAM 1 i L 152
MULTIPLE 1 4 4 20847
THIRD TIER | 1 220 123,617
SUBTOTAL 1/ ' 522 866 144254798
US/AUSTRIA 1 2 3 360
US/BELGIUM 1 1 a 662
US/BERMUDA | 4 9 65588
US/BRITISH VIRGIN 1
ISUANDS | 1 5 90586
US/CANADA ' 32 410 293640772
US/DENMARK ' 1 1 225
US/F INLAND ' 2 a 32047
US/FRANCE i 6 94 158284800
US/GERMAKY( WEST) \ 9 34 20.270
US/JAPAN t 6 wu 7418
US/LIBERIA 1 4 * 39520
US/LIECHTENSTEIN | 2 3 60648
US/NETHERLANDS ' 7 20 46,006
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES] 2 8 16251
US/PANAMA 1 3 3 Le4ll
US/SPAIN i 1 1 60
US/SWITZERLAND | 8 12 70072
US/UNITED KINGOOM | 29 955 9042096
US/ VENEZUELA | 1 1 1,500
US/MULTIPLE. 1 a 1 79
US/THIRD TIER 1 1 45 420733
1
SUBTOTAL 2/. ' 123 19602. 592565124
Torat ! 645 20468 696825922

| 7
A/ TOTAL INTERESTS EXCLUDING U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH

FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS.

2/ TOTAL INTERESTS OF U.S. CORPORATIONS WITH FOREIGN

SHAREHOLDERS.


TABLE 8—U.Se AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN GWNER, -

OECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
1 .
CCUNTRY f OWNERS PARCELS ACRES
ee. _t
|

ARGENTINA j 41 50 10,597
AUSTRALIA ! ll 21 2,788
AUSTRIA i 44 59 19,277
BAHAMAS | 26 37 31,194
BELGIUM i 89 105 645949
BELIZE 1 7 9 10405
BERMUDA f 26 30 14,153
BOLIVIA i 2 2 cL
BRAZIL 1 3 3 25442
BRITASH VIRGIN ISLANDS | 23 38 330620
CAMERCCN 1 1 1 7z
CANADA j 29604 29999 143815512
CAYMAN ISLANDS 1 32 37 16,045
CHILE i 2 2 245
CHINA i 9 il 20052
CGLCMBIA ! 28 32 17,750
CGSTA RICA 1 2 2 : 106919
CUBA 1 1 1 10
CZECHUSLOVAKIA ! 4 5 485
DENMARK { 14 lo 11,638
OGMINICAN REPUBLIC { ll 14 25171
ECUADOR f 25 32 1,016
EGYPT i 4 4 250
EL SALVACGR 1 2 2 175
FRANCE 1 6l 7 475892
GERMANY (WEST) | 922 1,317 6059239
GREECE 1 10 13 565258
GUATEMALA 1 9 li 476
GUYANA ! 1 1 35
HONDURAS t aL AL 892
HGNG. KCNG f 32 56 1750489
INOIA ' 12 14 82
INOGNESIA | 3 3 655°
IRAN f 24 26 30437
TRELAND i 13 17 10,358
ISRAEL 4 4 4 627
ITALY | 26 35 11,225
ivary CCAST | 1 L 119
JAMAICA i) 3 3 313
JAPAN i 24 28 111,737
JURDAN \ 6 12 363
KOREA (SGUTH) 1 2 2 41
KUnAIT i 7 10 32027
LEBANON | 23 32 12,625
LABERIA | 2 24 292869
LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC 1 3 5 948
ULECHTENSTEIN | 106 129 1055012
LUXEMBOURG 1 ee 3 4 40564
MALAYSIA i 2 3 "110
MEXICC | 204 273 2065:160:
MOKOCCG ' 1 1 160
NAMIBIA | 1 2 146
SEE FOOTNOTES AT-END OF TABLE. CONTENUED-- =.

16



ABSTRACT

FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND THROUGH DECEMBER
31,| 1981, by J. Peter DeBraal and T. Alexander Majchrowicz.
Natural Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service,
v.sk Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C. 20250,

ERS| Staff Report No. AGES820409, April 1982.

Foreigners owned 12.7 million acres of U.S. agricultural land
as bf December 31, 1981. This is slightly less than 1 percent
of all privately held agricultural land and 0.6 percent of all
land in the United States. This share is too small to measure
the impact on agriculture at the national level. However,
some communities in areas of heaviest concentration could be
affected. These findings are based on an analysis of reports
submitted in compliance with the Agricultural Foreign Invest—
ment Disclosure Act of 1978.

Keywords: Agricultural land, foreign landownership, land-
holdings, land acquisitions, land dispositions.

RRR KRKARKKKR KKK KKK RRR KKK KKK KKK

*
This paper was prepared for limited distribution to *
the research community outside the U.S. Department of *
Agriculture *
*
*

Oe

RRR K RAK KR KKK RRR KR KR RK KK KK KK



Pho

/US/SWITZERLAND

TABLE 24--FOREIGN CWKERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND. ACQUISITIONS BY U.S» REGION:

JANUARY 1-DECEMBER 3le 1961—CONTINUED
(NUMBER)

1 1 1 fy
1 SOUTH | west | NORTHEAST | WORTH CENTRAL
1 . 1 1
CLUNTRY 4 {- 1 1 1 ‘ { 1 1
1 PARLELS | ACKES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES

IREPGRTED 1

TREPURTES |
i 1

JREPORTED !
i

JeeporTeD |
4. 4.

US/AUSTRALIA
US/BELGILM

US/CANACA

US/CAYMAN ISLANDS
US/CEINA

US/DENMARK

US/FRANCE
US/GERMANY (nt ST)
US/IRAN

US/JAPAN

US/LIBERTA

US/LIBYAN ARAB KEPUELIC
US/CTECETENSTELN
US/LUXEMBCURG
US/MEXICG
US/NETHERLANDS
US/NETHERLANDS ANTILLES
US/NECARAGUA

US/PANAMA

US/SFAIN

US/TALBAN
US/ThAILAND
US/UNITED KINGUUM
US/YENEZUELA
US/PULTIPLE
US/THIRC TIER

SUBTGTAL 2/

TOTAL ALL
LAND ACGUISITILNS

RN

ne

N

=
°
NORE OCOUNS RU ERROONNEN SR ORERG

u

357 Le

653 Ae.

o

sal
974,203
179

0

225
64945
13,663
141
1,706
1,057
oO

0
2509
4a
11604
89565
4z

956

39365
17,700
0

0
33631
683

0
69423

0814418

2579194

.

im
OPO Fe RR CNOOSMNOLOMOSMONONOR

3
3

284

18

0
2820919
0

160

o

327
1,613
0

40
.0

59
18,605
°
30766
0

388,695

6700663

x

ecoc CONCH OC ONCOOOMOOeOOCOSOS

oO
8616472
0

2
° y
ecotoce

w
S
- Ne
=. 8 8
ecouoche=cono

866.931

164 9059625

°
0
12
ry
o
ry
3
3
oO
ry
o
0
0
0
0
4
o ry
0 ry
2 240
ry o
8 35313
ry
0
ST 13,826
0
o 0
1 320
201 379552
174 540755

i
2/ WOTAL INTERESTS

GF Uso!

TOTAL INTERESTS exctuoine UsSe CORPLRATIONS WITH FOREIGN ShAREHOLUERS.

| CCRPORATIONS WITH FOKEIGN SHAREHGLOERS.


2h

TABLE 11--USE

OF UsS. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY COUNTRY OF FOREIGN OWNER,
DECEMBER 31, 1961

(ACRES)
i. 4 1 1 1 1 7 T
CCUNTRY A. CRUPLANL, | PASTURE | FOREST | OTHER JUTHER NUN- J NU USAGE | TOTAL
' 1 1 TAGRICULTUREI AGRICULTURE] REPORTED |
4 1 4 J 4 1 1.
1
ARGENTINA 1 52374 49016 430 32) 450 ) 10.597
AUSTRALIA I 92 405 693 840 708 50 24788
AUSTRiA 1 40331 20332 119526 529 559 ° 195277
BAHAMAS i} 91362 0444 7250 24849 20249 0 310194.
BELGIUK 1 59427 540066 39039 956 15441 ° 041949
BeLIZe 1 178 265 232 55 35 o 1,405
BERMUDA 1 41546 629 52093 1772 20113 o 149153
BELIVIA i to ° 0 1 v o an
BRAZIL I Lease 178 0 0 2t2 ° 20442
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS | 34993 89362 194941 1e16L 163 ° 339620
CAMERCLN a 0 5 0 ° 2 ° 7
CANADA t 1ahveos 1219363 100079432 320724 874933 55 193814512
CAYRAN ISLANUS i UGe 19 899 20410 15234 1,383 0 162045
CHILE 1 ° ° 5 240 ° ry 245
CHINA ‘ 652 50 860 377 3 o 26052
COLCHBIA ' e2a7. 89955 37 Tals 122 ° 17,750
CUSTA RICA ' 49679 40060 0 0 20240 ° 100919
CUA i 5 o 0 5 ° ° 10
CZECHESLEVAKIA { 257 153 30 30 15 ry 405
DENMARK 1 41585 194 10436 ° 50223 ° 112838
VOHINICAN REPUBLIC 1 29632 0) 0 1 138 °
ECUADGK ‘ sz o 605 7 °
EGYPT | 25 85 8 ° °
EL SALVALGK ' o 19 r) 49 °
FRANCE 4 216912 25662 34910 16489 0
GERMANY (WEST) 1 1660814 1335544 300474 269446 4
GREECE 1 550651 174 15 96 o
GUATEMALA 1 36 28 35 284 °
GUYANA ' 0 0 35 ° °
HCNOURAS H az 0 60 ° r)
HONG KCNS 1 909743 394006 140681 210252 r)
INDIA i 140 18 354 23 r)
TNDUNES LA. i 300 20 283 52 r
IRAN 1 552 560 129 10413 °
IRELAND ' 20478 2 24 20423 °
TSRAEL 1 6 141 114 lo 0
ITALY ' 51594 1,662 402 336 °
Tyory coast ! 0 80 39 ° °
JAMAICA 1 251 °o 19 3 °
JAPAN sod 1085394 206 144 720 °
JURDAN ' 60 65 0 73 0
KGKEA (SOUTH) i} . 0 C) 4. o °
KUWAIT { 458 125 ° aun 0
LEBANON i 52825 642 193 10366 °
LIBERIA 1 214920 a98 106 52169 o
LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC. 1 531 ° 0 297 0
LIECHTENSTEIN 1 27,807 11.547 20541 50747 0
LUXEMBOURG 1 0 2,072 437 200 r)
MALAYSIA i r) 0 90 ° 0
MEXICO 1 148,016 65301 27,640 90397 0
MOKICCG 1 CY) 0 0 0
NAMIBLA ! o r) 0 o
NETHERLANDS ' 40,565 129764 16,261 109533 r)
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES 1 167,830 65.782 58.550 270469 r)
NEW ZEALAND 1 0 5 5 7 r)
NICARAGUA ' 940 248 60 100 o
NIGERIA 1 a 0 0 4 °
NOKWAY 4 667 eo 259 495 o
UMAN ] 126 126 0 10 r)
PAKISTAN 1 r 0 98 35 0
PANAMA i 612913 50783 T0474 240091 aie
PERU i 151 2 100 59 °
PHILIPPINES ' o66 228 213 TL ry
PULAND f 25 50 ° 0 °
PORTUGAL - 1 85 200 o 19 °
ST VINCENT | 10230 14042 10 60 °
SAUDI ARABIA 1 20656 1,441 308 50699 655 0
SINGAPGKE i 0 0 0 5 40 °
SOUTH AFRICA 1 45 C) ° 164 23 °
SPAIN i} 19175 14034 113. Lez 200 °
SmEDEN i 507 40965 58 48 126 °
SWITZERLAND 1 550440 312846 440301 320446, 16057 °
SYRIA a 3,600 0 3e 194 626 °
TATWAN ' 855 128 208 0 560 r)
THAILAND { 0 120 U o 4 °
TRINILAD & TOBAGU 1 100 386 63 o 100 °
TURKEY 1 159 283 o 1lo 0 o
TURKS ISLANDS f 1,100 201 0 173 106 0. 1,580
H as
CONTINUED--

SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE.



1O—UsSe AGRICULTURAL LANO ACQUISITIONS GF FOREIGN OWNERS BY STATE,
a SAMUAAY 1-DECENBER 31y 1981 .

1

STATE ACRES 1 VALUE ACRES 1 VALUE

AND -UsSe (NUNBERD =| (1,000 (MuMBERD =| (1,000

TEKAITORY 1 ooLLaRs) a7 | pouuars) a7

ALABAMA B2zee2d 200422 160
ARIZCHA 40943 47,865 1,380
ARKANSAS: 144486 165340 10
66,062 301,450 1074525
435932 10,044

OKLAHOMA
OREGON
IPENNSYLVANIA
USQUTH CAROLINA
USQUTH DAKUTA
ITENNES SEE
Iexas,

duTaH

VERMONT
AVIRGINIA
IWASHINGTUN
IWEST VIRGINIA
‘WISCONSIN
IwvGntnG

WIMNESGTA
AISSISSIPPL
wIsscuRt
MONTANA.

298882237 141795714

rT
4 totan
1

26389

A/) VALUE IS PURCHASE PRICE OR NONPURCHASE PRICE (ESTIMATED VALUE).

TABLE 19-—-UcS. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY TYPE OF FOREIGN OWNERs
JANUARY .1-DECEMBER 315 1981

NUMBER)
{ 4 ] J f]
1 1 1 VPARCELS WITH |
GwNER 4 OWNERS | PARCELS | ACRES 1 PARTIAL ‘ ACREAGE
IREPGRTING|REPORTED | 1 INTEREST 1 EQUIVALENT 2/
1 ! 1 1 REPORTED 1/ I
1 it 1 1 i
1
INOIVIOUAL | 281 335 96,173 24 939557
CGRPORATIGN | 337 194 244586226 95 252100195
PARTNERSHIP | 101 299 | 318,508 17 317,136
TRUST 1 20 25 92550 oO 99550
ASSOCIATION i a 2 52780 2 34988
TOTAL H 740 15455 208885237 138 2 16349426

4/ PARCELS WITH PARTIAL INTERESTS ARE THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE OWNED
ONLY IN PART BY THE FOREIGN INVESTOR; THAT IS¢ A PERCENTAGE INTEREST LESS
THAN 100 PERCENT. .

2/ ACREAGE EQUIVALENT EQUALS THE TOTAL ACREAGE REPORTED MULTIPLIED BY
THE PERCENTAGE HELD BY THE FGREIGN OWNER.

Corporations acquired: an’ average of 3,096 acres per parcel, or
7,294 acres per owner, compared with individuals who acquired
an average 287 acres per parcel, or 342 acres per holder.
Partnerships reported acquisitions averaging 1,065 acres per
parcel, or 3,154 acres per owner. -



TABLE S—-FOREIGN OWNERSHIP OF U.S. AGRICULTURAL LANDHOLDINGS BY U.S. REGIONS
DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
] 1 1 1
! SOUTH ! WEST ' NORTHEAST | NORTH CENTRAL
CCUNTRY 1 I t f

1 1 I 1 i) 1 1 }

{ PARCELS | ACRES {| PARCELS | ACRES [| PAKCELS | ACRES | PARCELS | ACRES

LL. 4 1 1 4 L 1 1

i]
ARGENTINA 1 40 7 520468 2 1,476 1 144
AUSTRALIA i 4 2 15 2 16 3 132
AUSTRIA ' 4. 6 12567 2 5B 10 24096
BAHAMAS i} 26 T 166387 “2 321 2 94340
BELGIUE 1 30 54 514107 16 912 5 1,084
BELIZE ! 5 1 25 0 o 3 1,216
BERMUDA 1 6 1 411 7 20434 16 846
BOLIVIA ' 2 ° 0 o 2 0 0 0
BRAZIL ' 2 1 20155 ° 0 ° 0
BRITISh VIRGIN ISLANDS | 22 4 49243 8 80356 4 154566
CARERLCA 1 G 0 o 1 7 oO 0
CANADA 1 415 1s175 2064720 10214 190149244 195 594105
CAYPAN ISLANDS ' 24 6 40217 ° 0 7 4197
CHILE I 1 1 5 0 ° 0 )
CHINA ' 5 2 2m 1 808 3 628
CULGMBIA 1 30 0 °o rt 210 1 100
CUSTA RICA ' 1 1° 109840 ° 0 ° 0
cuBA ' 1 ° 0 ° 0 ° °
CZECHCSLCVAKLA i 2 ° 0 0 o 3 455
DENMARK | rf 8 90927 4 187 3 1,607
GUMINICAN REPUBLIC 1 5 0 Cy) ° ° 9 2,079
ECUAUOR \ 32 oO ° ° 0 o o
EGYPT 1 3 0 o 0 C) ry a
EL SALVADGR 1 z 0 Q ° 0 Cy o
FRANCE ' 33 19284036 10 25843 9 44367
GERMANY (REST) 1 575 337 2045395 108 279042 297 1124055
GREECE ' 8 1 4,217 1 20 3 233
GUATEMALA 1 7 L 9 3 274 oO oO
GUYANA 1 a Co) o 0 0 ° o
HUNDUBAS 1 aL oO o 0 ° oO 0
HONG KGNG i 18 BL 1694330 * 261 3 667
INDIA t a 5 298 1 23 0 °
INDONESIA 1 2 1 52 ) 0 0 0
IRAN 1 4 8 696 6 elas 8 1,279
TRELAND 1 ° ry 34600 4 22 4 434
TSRAEL 1 o 1 en 1 159 2 407
ITALY 1 41s 9 22081 4 156 3 394
IVGRY CGAST ' ° 0 1 119 0 °
JAMAICA 1 3 313 ry 0 ° 0 0
“JAPAN { 4 2u7 2b 1485 ° ) 3 105
JCRDAN 1 2 195 6 31 a 16 3 61
.KCREA (SGUTH) ' L 15 1 26 Q o a v
KUWAIT 1 1 365 2 224 4 19743 3 695
LEBARON ' 13 74060 8 386 1 100 10 40279
LIBERIA { 6 1,184 13° 260418 4 20153 1 11s
LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC = | 3 661 ° Q 2 287 ° 0
LLECHTENSTEIN t 50 462604 SL 526179 a3 1,806 15 40423
LUXEMBGLRG ! 2 49059 2 505 0 ° 0 0
MALAYSIA 1 3 110 o o ° 0 0 0
HEXICO 1 247 ~~ 1684320 13° 354469 9 21.250 4 1el2h
MORCLCE I 0 0 ° o C) 0 1 160
NAMIBIA ( 2 146 ° 0 r) 0 ° 0
NETHERLANCS 1 134520254 455 52,078 34 90942 53° 14e720
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES = | 256 © 2494703 129 2418724 29 7240 51 27,667
NEW ZEALAND 1 o ° 5 uy 0 0 0 o)
NICARAGLA ! 3 14348 0 ° o ° 0 °
NIGERIA 1 1 14 0 ° re ° ° _ 0
NORRAY | 4 652 2 165 0 0 22 60146
‘OMAN \ 2 5 1 262 o ry Cy) 0
PAKISTAN 1 0 0 10 2e27h C) o ° °
PANANA 1 110 484683 30 © 834135 aL 40279 8 7301
PEKU I 19 195 1 a1 1 15 1 186
PHILIPPINES 1 12 962 26 ° o 3 - 156
PCLAND i 0 0 0 1 147 0 °
PURTUGAL ! 0 ° 4 1 385 ° 0
ST VINCENT f 3 15316 a 1 16319 0 °
SAUDI ARABIA ( 12 32773 1 0 2 380
SINGAPCRE i 1 40 1 0 0 ° C)
SOUTH AFRICA \ ry 3 2 1 209 ° 0
SPAIN 1 6 14290 7 ° ° 2 905
SWEDEN 1 5 265 3 1 To 4 551
SWITZERLAND 1 172) 634455 4 ol = 44116 44 214408
SYRIA 1 2 49464 a ° ° 0 C)
TAT WAN ! 9 1,29 ub 0 0 “0 0
THAILAND 1 1 127 Cy Q ° r) 1 4
TKIMLAG & TGBAGE f L. 649 0 ° ° 0 ° 0
TURKEY ' 0 ° 1 38 0 ° 1 520
TunkS ISLANUS 2 i o° 0 5. a2s 1. 1 2 750
SEE FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE. CONTINUED-~

19



joint tenancies and tenancies in common.’ In the interest
of simplicity and brevity, fine“legal distinctions, however
important in an individual case, are ignored.

Each: foreign entity holding land is required to file a report.
Therefore, if two individuals own land as a partnership, the
partnership is. to file one report as a'partnership, with the
partners’ names and citizenship listed on the back of the forn.
Occasionally, however, two people will file as individuals,
each filing a separate report on the same land with a partial
interest of, for example, 50 percent. listed on each form. Be-
cause it is not always possible to distinguish separate reports
-for the same: land, two such individuals cannot be differenti-
ated from one partnership. This can occur when there is no
legal partnership but individuals own the land as tenants in
common. If they file together on one form, they are automati-
cally considered a.partnership. If they file separately, they
are, generally considered individuals. Therefore, the data on
individuals and partnerships and the number of reported parcels
should be used with caution.

The act is designed to impute foreign person status to certain
U.S. entities holding direct and indirect interests in U.S.
agricultural land. For purposes of the act, this is accom-
plished by defining each successive link in a chain of U.S.
entities containing foreign interests as a foreign person.

- However, only the foreign person who actually holds the di-
rect interest in the. land (that is, the first layer or tier)
is considered’ the reporting entity. This entity need. not
actually be foreign, but under the act it is deemed a foreign
person: because another foreign person holds a significant in-
terest: or substantial control init. (The regulations define
“significant interest or substantial control" to mean a 5 per-
cent or more interest in the entity.) In some instances, that
second tier also .may not.actually be foreign but may be deemed
foreign.under the act for the same reason. The indirect for-
eign owner of the real estate may be at the end of a string
of U.S. entities, each of which is owned at least 5 percent
by the preceding’U.S. entity defined to be a foreign person.

Under the regulations, the reporting entity is required to
disclose, in addition to information about the land, certain
information. about the second-tier interest. The regulations
also provide that the second-tier entity may be asked to dis-
close information about the third tier. Some respondents

‘ “have ‘given information on tiers beyond those required to be
reported without being requested to do so. In those cases,
the. information on the last tier is used.


General Con-
clusions

lives in the county in which the tract is located or in
an adjacent county, and (3) tracts farmed by the owner.

The number of tracts sampled in each ownership class is shown
in table 41. Detailed results of the survey will be given
in a separate report. Only the highlights can be included
here.

TABLE 41--SUMMARY OF TRACTS SURVEYED, 1979
(NUMBER)

STATE : COUNTIES:
: INCLUDED: 3 : 3
: :FOREIGN: NONLOCAL :LOCAL :OWNER-OPERATOR

TYPE OF OWNER

IOWA : 7 29 29 28 29
CALIFORNIA : 3 25 25 28 28
MISSISSIPPI: 11 18 23 . 27 26

TOTAL : 21 72 77 83 83

Because of the small sample size, results are indicative
rather than conclusive.

The more significant differences were between tracts operated
by owners and tracts that were rented, regardless of location
or nationality of the owners of the rented tracts. Owner-
operated tracts tended to be farmed more frequently by oper-
ators who engaged in livestock operations and who produced
some forage and feed crops, on the sample tract, that were
fed to livestock by the operator. There was also a tendency
towards more use of family labor on owner-operated tracts and
towards more investment in home, storage, and field improve-
ments such as fencing, drainage, and irrigation.

Impacts of foreign investment in farmland were not uniform.
For example, in Mississippi, the percentage of foreign-owned
tracts farmed by operators who kept livestock was almost equal
to the proportion of owner-operated tracts with livestock.

- By contrast, in Iowa the proportion of operators with livestock

was low on foreign-owned tracts compared to owner-operated
tracts. Field improvements were more frequently made on
foreign-owned tracts in Mississippi than on all classes of
U.S.-owned tracts, while in Iowa the percentage of foreign-
owned tracts on which field improvements were made was less
than half the percentage reported for owner-operated tracts.

55



Interest in Land

acquired the largest number of parcels in this region. U.S./
Canada corporations acquired the largest number of acres,
accounting for 77 percent of the acres acquired in the South.
‘In the Northeast, foreign persons from Canada acquired the
largest number of parcels. U.S./Canada corporations reported
acquiring the largest number of acres, representing 95 percent
of the ‘acres acquired.in the Northeast.

Of the reported foreign-acquired parcels of U.S. agricultural
land, 84 percent (accounting for 80 percent of the reported
acres) were acquired in fee interest whole (table 25). Partial
interests were acquired in 9 percent of the parcels, repre-
senting 18 percent of the acres. Reported purchase contracts
cover an additional 5 percent of the parcels, representing

2 percent of the acreage.

TABLE 25—FOREIGN-OWNED U.S. AGRICULTURAL LAND ACQUISITIONS BY TYPE

QF INTEREST, METHOD OF ACQUISITIONe AND OWNER-REPRESENTATIVE»
JANUARY 1~DECEMBER 31, 1981

(NUMBER)
1 '
ITEM 1 PARCELS 1 ACRES
' REPORTED 1
ae 1
!
INTEREST: 4
FEE INTcCREST WHOLE i) 1.221 203130142
FEE INTEREST PARTIAL 1/ 1 138 507,893
LIFE ESTATE 4 2 6
TRUST BENEFICIARY | 9
PURCHASE CONTRACT 1 72
CTHER | 13
1
coe TOTAL H 14455 208889237
METHOD OF. ACQUISITION: '
CASH UNLY | 148 728,887
CREDIT GNLY 1 362 195,697
TRADE GNLY ' 56 294630
GIFT/INHERITANCE ONLY 1 4 28
OTHER METHGD ONLY | 38 1330297
CASH & CREDIT ONLY ' 140 1002202
CASH & TRAVE ONLY | 90 116685412
CASH & ANY OTHER COMBINATION 1 6 30589
NO REPORT ] 4 25448
NGNCASH COMBINATIONS | 5 260047
i
TOTAL | 10455 228885237
OWNER-REPRESENTATIVE: 1
ATTORNEY | 460 2299577
MANAGER 1 99 632600
AGENT ' 105
OTHER ! 423 1965801
FOREIGN GWNER H 368 203689575
TOTAL 1 19455 296889237
4

4/ THE FEE INTEREST PARTIAL IS USED FOR THOSE PARCELS WHICH ARE
GmNED ONLY IN PART BY THE FOREIGN INVESTOR; THAT. 1Se A PERCENTAGE
INTEREST LESS THAN 100 PERCENT.

4



Land Use

Intended Use .

Of the acres acquired during -1981, 83 percent were forest

land (table 27). Cropland, pasture, and other agricultural

land totaled 457,405 acres, or 16 percent of the acquisitions.
One percent of the acreage acquired was reported in the
“Other Nonagriculture” category.

The largest acquisitions of cropland were reported by foreign
persons from West Germany and Canada not affiliated with a
U.S. corporation, 40,534 acres, or 28 percent of the crop-
land. The largest acquisitions of pastureland were reported
by foreign persons from Japan and West Germany not affiliated
with a U.S. corporation and U.S./Canada corporations. These
acquisitions totaled 176,102 acres, or 66 percent of the
pastureland. U.S./Canada corporations acquired 2,069,264
acres of forest land, or 86 percent. Foreign persons from
Canada acquired 28 percent of the other agricultural land,
11,563 acres. Of other nonagricultural land, U.S./Netherlands
corporations acquired 9,007 acres, or 30 percent.

Separating out data on reports for only forest land or forest
land and other nonagricultural land indicates that 79 percent
of all reported acquisitions are in these two land-use cate-
gories (table 28).

U.S./Canada corporations purchased most of the U.S. forest
land or forest and other nonagricultural lands (table 29).
These corporations accounted for 87 percent of such acquisi-
tions, 1,998,999 acres.

Corporations comprise the largest number of owners reporting
acquisitions of forest land or forest and other nonagricultural
land--58 percent of the owners reported acquiring 58 percent
of the parcels covering 93 percent of the acres (table 30).
Twenty-five percent of the owners were individuals who reported
acquiring 4 percent of the parcels covering less than 1 percent
of the acres.

Owners of parcels with less than 1,000 acres, 74 percent of
‘all owners, reported acquiring 14 percent of the parcels

covering only 0.4 percent of the forest or forest and other
nonagricultural lands (table 31). The remaining 26 percent

’ of the owners, owning parcels with 1,000 or more acres, re-
.ported acquiring 86 percent of the parcels covering more than

99 percent of these lands. This concentration is primarily
attributable to the large acquisitions of a U.S./Canada timber
corporation.

The reports of acquisitions indicate no change in land use for

98 percent of the acres (table 32). Intended changes to other
agricultural use and nonagricultural use each were reported

43



ANALYSIS OF
DATA REPORTED
UNDER THE ACT

Holdings

Concentration of
Foreign Ownership
of U.S. Agricul~
tural Land

interests in the real estate. These partial interests

reduce| the 12.7 million acres. of foreign holdings. of U.S.
agricultural land to an equivalent of 11.3 million acres.

Data in this section are derived from the 12,587 reports filed
by foreign persons who held land as of December 31,1981.
These report forms’ account for 12.7 million acres. of all U.S.
agricultural land. This is an increase of 4.9 million acres
over the 7.8 million foreign-owned acres reported in the
previous report, ending December 31,..1980.'. Of the 4.9 million
acres, |/2.3 million acres. were acquired prior to 1981: and should
have been included in the previous: report... They were not.in-
cluded| because they were not timely filed and/or-completed, or
statutorily did not: have to be filed by the December 31, 1980,
closing date of the previous report.

Foreigners have reported acreage holdings in'49.States, Puerto
Rico, and Guam (fig. 1). Rhode Island is the only State with
no reported foreign-owned agricultural land. Deleting the

acreage for. Maine (the uniqueness of which is noted later)

Figuré 1
State Concentration of Foreign Ownership of
Agricultural Land, December 31, 1981

Legend: Acres
0-49.99.
50,000-99,999 °

100,000-199,999
‘200,000-399,999
400,000 & over