#### Samuel Preiss, Plaintiff, *v.*The City of New York, Defendant.

(Supreme Court, Kings Trial Term,

November, 1910.)

Municipal corporations — Defective streets and bridges and places contiguous thereto — Particular defects and obstructions — Obstructions in street.

The end of an iron pipe projecting upward about two and onebalf inches above a cement sidewalk and not shown to serve any useful purpose is a direct interference with the right of passage; and, in an action to recover damages for injuries sustained by one wlio stumbles on it and falls, it is a question for the jury whether an accident was reasonably to be apprehended from its presence.

Motion to set aside verdict for plaintiff.

George M. Curtis, Jr., for motion.

Hugo Hirsh, opposed.

Kapper, J.

During the construction of certain buildings on Franklin avenue, Brooklyn, an iron pipe about an inch and a half in diameter lay across tbe sidewalk with the end thereof turned upward about a foot or so from the curb. Later a new sidewalk of cement or concrete was laid upon this pipe and around the end of it nearest the curb so as to leave the end of the pipe projecting upward above the new sidewalk about two and a half inches. This condition continued for more than a year and until the plaintiff, a pedestrian, in passing by stumbled against tbe pipe and was thrown down and injured. The plaintiff recovered a verdict which the defendant now moves to set aside upon the ground that, as a matter of law, the projecting pipe presents too slight a defect upon which negligence may he predicated.

This is not the case of a defective sidewalk made so by wear and tear but is an instance of direct interference with the right of passage. And while the defect in dimension was *493not extensive, it was noticeable, and, as established in this case, dangerous. Can it be said as a matter of law that reasonable minds would not differ as to whether or not such an obstruction should have warned those charged with the care of streets that an accident might happen, or that an accident by reason of its presence was not reasonably to have boon anticipated ?

In Moroney v. City of N. Y., 117 App. Div. 843, the flagging projected above that which adjoined it about two inches, hut under the raised flagging was a space into which the plaintiff, a woman, caught her foot. It was held that whether or not this defect was such as to occasion reasonable apprehension that an accident might occur was a question of fact. The case was affirmed by the Court of Appeals without opinion. 190 N. Y. 560.

In Wood v. Third Ave. R. R. Co., 91 Hun, 276; affd., 157 N. Y. 696, a circular opening two inches in diameter in a manhole cover, placed there to aid in lifting the cover, caused the plaintiff, who was walking on crutches, to be injured by his crutch catching in the hole. The opening was held to constitute negligence upon the ground that it was an unnecessary and dangerous interference.with the street even though the manhole itself was lawfully there.

The case of Archer v. City of Mt. Vernon, 57 App. Div. 32, is quite like that at bar. There an inch and a quarter water pipe which originally lay flush with the ground in an unpaved space between the curb and flagging was permitted to project above the ground four inches as the result of a change of grade. The plaintiff while passing stumbled over it. The jury’s verdict in his favor was upheld.

The difference between the case last cited and the one at bar only makes in favor of the latter. In the case cited the obstruction was outside of the flagged portion of the sidewalk, and being there described as a water pipe it may be regarded as useful and necessary. Here the smooth flagging extended all the way to the curb and nothing in the surroundings would he apt to indicate to the wayfarer the presence of the projecting pipe, nor was any reason whatever assigned for its existence.

*494Tho defendant offered no evidence but rested on tbe plaintiff’s case. From the evidence the jury were authorized to find that this pipe served no purpose whatever. It was a wholly unnecessary obstruction. While one walking along a city sidewalk might be expected to encounter slight depressions in tbe walk, be is not bound to anticipate a wholly-unnecessary and idle piece of iron pipe impacted in a concrete or cement walk and projecting above its smooth surroundings two and a half inches. That a wayfarer might be hurt by striking against it could, well be imagined. Whether or not the accident should have been apprehended by the city presented a question of fact,, and upon that proposition the jury were fairly and properly charged and without exception.

Motion to set aside verdict denied.

Motion denied.