UNITED STATES


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


Washington, D.C. 20549





FORM 10-Q





ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934








For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2010





OR


o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934





For the transition period from _______________ to _______________




Commission file number: 0-17085




PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)




Delaware

95-3698422(State or other jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employerincorporation or organization)

Identification No.)14282 Franklin Avenue, Tustin, California

92780-7017(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)





(714) 508-6000


(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.


Yes ý    No o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).


Yes o   No  o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)





Large Accelerated Filer  o

Accelerated Filer
ýNon- Accelerated Filer   o

Smaller reporting company
o(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)


Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).


Yes  o     No  ý





As of March 1, 2010, there were 51,445,960 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.









PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010


INDEX







PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Page No.Item 1.
Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited):Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

1Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

3Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

4Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5Item 2.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

19Company Overview

19Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

31Item 4.
Controls and Procedures

31PART II - OTHER INFORMATIONItem 1.
Legal Proceedings

31Item 1A.
Risk Factors

32Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

48Item 3.
Defaults upon Senior Securities

48Item 4.
Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

48Item 5.
Other Information

48Item 6.
Exhibits

48SIGNATURES

49





The terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” and “Peregrine,” as used in this Report on Form 10-Q refers to Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Avid Bioservices, Inc.







NOTE REGARDING REVERSE STOCK SPLIT




On October 16, 2009, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a reverse split of our common stock at a ratio of one-for-five.  The reverse stock split was effective at the close of business on October 16, 2009.  All fractional shares created by the reverse stock split were rounded up to the nearest whole share.  All historical share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split, however, we have not adjusted the prior year balance sheet.










PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION








Item 1.   Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)





PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS








JANUARY 31,

2010


APRIL 30,

2009UnauditedASSETSCURRENT ASSETS:Cash and cash equivalents

$
16,837,000


$
10,018,000Trade and other receivables, net


1,399,000



1,770,000Government contract receivables


1,379,000



1,944,000Inventories, net


3,861,000



4,707,000Debt issuance costs, current portion


148,000



229,000Prepaid expenses and other current assets


1,123,000



1,466,000Total current assets


24,747,000



20,134,000PROPERTY:Leasehold improvements


697,000



675,000Laboratory equipment


4,111,000



4,180,000Furniture, fixtures and office equipment


917,000



902,0005,725,000



5,757,000Less accumulated depreciation and amortization


(4,256,000
)


(4,076,000
)Property, net


1,469,000



1,681,000OTHER ASSETS:Debt issuance costs, less current portion


41,000



142,000Other assets


1,265,000



1,170,000Total other assets


1,306,000



1,312,000TOTAL ASSETS

$
27,522,000


$
23,127,000








1





PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)








JANUARY 31,

2010


APRIL 30,

2009UnauditedLIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIES:Accounts payable

$
2,578,000


$
3,518,000Accrued clinical trial site fees


550,000



955,000Accrued legal and accounting fees


168,000



667,000Accrued royalties and license fees


111,000



182,000Accrued payroll and related costs


1,711,000



1,580,000Notes payable, current portion and net of discount


1,870,000



1,465,000Deferred revenue


3,052,000



3,776,000Deferred government contract revenue


76,000



3,871,000Customer deposits


2,236,000



2,287,000Other current liabilities


512,000



563,000Total current liabilities


12,864,000



18,864,000Notes payable, less current portion and net of discount


1,797,000



3,208,000Other long-term liabilities


214,000



154,000Commitments and contingenciesSTOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:Preferred stock-$0.001 par value; authorized 5,000,000 shares; non-voting;none issued


-



-Common stock-$0.001 par value; authorized 325,000,000 shares; outstanding  – 50,903,404 and 45,537,711, respectively


51,000



227,000Additional paid-in capital


266,709,000



248,034,000Accumulated deficit


(254,113,000
)


(247,360,000
)Total stockholders' equity


12,647,000



901,000TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

$
27,522,000


$
23,127,000




See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements


2


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS








Three Months Ended

January 31,


Nine Months Ended

January 31,2010


2009


2010


2009Unaudited


Unaudited


Unaudited


UnauditedREVENUES:Contract manufacturing revenue

$
2,945,000


$
5,778,000


$
10,323,000


$
7,954,000Government contract revenue


6,854,000



1,048,000



13,035,000



2,330,000License revenue


78,000



-



165,000



-Total revenues


9,877,000



6,826,000



23,523,000



10,284,000COSTS AND EXPENSES:Cost of contract manufacturing


1,874,000



4,106,000



6,487,000



5,672,000Research and development


7,322,000



4,465,000



17,528,000



12,834,000Selling, general and administrative


1,998,000



1,489,000



5,552,000



4,722,000Total costs and expenses


11,194,000



10,060,000



29,567,000



23,228,000LOSS FROM OPERATIONS


(1,317,000
)


(3,234,000
)


(6,044,000
)


(12,944,000
)OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):Interest and other income


22,000



37,000



96,000



165,000Interest and other expense


(243,000
)


(135,000
)


(805,000
)


(136,000
)NET LOSS

$
(1,538,000
)

$
(3,332,000
)

$
(6,753,000
)

$
(12,915,000
)WEIGHTED AVERAGECOMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING:Basic and Diluted


49,532,869



45,242,124



48,163,121



45,242,124BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS  PER COMMON SHARE

$
(0.03
)

$
(0.07
)

$
(0.14
)

$
(0.29
)






See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements


3


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.


CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS





Nine Months Ended

January 31,2010


2009Unaudited


UnauditedCASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss

$
(6,753,000
)

$
(12,915,000
)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Depreciation and amortization


337,000



385,000Share-based compensation


491,000



698,000Amortization of discount on notes payable and debt issuance costs


343,000



61,000Amortization of expenses paid in shares of common stock


-



255,000Loss on disposal of property


49,000



-Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Trade and other receivables, net


371,000



(1,385,000
)Government contract receivables


565,000



(362,000
)Inventories, net


846,000



(2,647,000
)Prepaid expenses and other current assets


343,000



268,000Accounts payable


(940,000
)


826,000Accrued clinical trial site fees


(405,000
)


507,000Accrued payroll and related costs


131,000



(74,000
)Deferred revenue


(724,000
)


2,609,000Deferred government contract revenue


(3,795,000
)


3,262,000Customer deposits


(51,000
)


(132,000
)Other accrued expenses and current liabilities


(545,000
)


(24,000
)Net cash used in operating activities


(9,737,000
)


(8,668,000
)CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:Property acquisitions


(194,000
)


(126,000
)Proceeds from sale of property


20,000



-Increase in other assets


(95,000
)


-Net cash used in investing activities


(269,000
)


(126,000
)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of  $660,000


18,008,000



-Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net of issuance costs of $469,000


-



4,531,000Principal payments on notes payable and capital leases


(1,183,000
)


(17,000
)Net cash provided by financing activities


16,825,000



4,514,000NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS


6,819,000



(4,280,000
)CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,beginning of period


10,018,000



15,130,000CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period

$
16,837,000


$
10,850,000SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Fair market value of warrants issued in connection with notes payable

$
-


$
414,000Property acquired under capital lease

$
78,000


$
-






See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements




4




PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010


1.
ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS





Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Peregrine” or “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company developing monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer and serious virus infections.  The Company is pursuing three separate clinical programs in cancer and Hepatitis C Virus (“HCV”) infection with its lead product candidates bavituximab and Cotara®.  Peregrine also has in-house manufacturing capabilities through its wholly owned subsidiary Avid Bioservices, Inc. (“Avid”), which provides process development and bio-manufacturing services for both Peregrine and outside customers on a fee-for-service basis.





2.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION





The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) related to a quarterly report on Form 10-Q.  Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by U.S. GAAP for a complete set of financial statements.  These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2009.  The unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented herein reflects all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented, with such adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments.  Results of operations for interim periods covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may not necessarily be indicative of results of operations for the full fiscal year.





The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Avid Bioservices, Inc.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts, as well as disclosures of commitments and contingencies in the financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.





Subsequent Events





In connection with the preparation of the interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, we have evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this Form 10-Q.





Reverse Stock Split





On October 16, 2009, we filed a Certificate of Amendment to our Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to effect a reverse split of our common stock at a ratio of one-for-five.  The reverse stock split was effective at the close of business on October 16, 2009.  All fractional shares created by the reverse stock split were rounded up to the nearest whole share.  All historical share and per share amounts have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split, however, we have not adjusted the prior year balance sheet.





Going Concern





Our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of the recorded assets or the classification of liabilities that may be necessary should it be determined that we are unable to continue as a going concern.  At January 31, 2010, we had $16,837,000 in cash and cash equivalents.  We have expended substantial funds on the research, development and clinical trials of our product candidates, and funding the operations of Avid.  As a result, we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operations since our inception and we expect the negative cash flows from operations to continue for the foreseeable future.  Our net losses incurred during the past three fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007 amounted to $16,524,000, $23,176,000, and $20,796,000, respectively.  Unless and until we are able to generate sufficient revenues from Avid’s contract manufacturing services and/or from the sale and/or licensing of our products under development, we expect such losses to continue for the foreseeable future.




5


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)


Therefore, our ability to continue our clinical trials and development efforts is highly dependent on the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand combined with our ability to raise additional capital to support our future operations.





We will need to raise additional capital through one or more methods, including but not limited to, issuing additional equity or debt, in order to support the costs of our research and development programs.





With respect to financing our operations through the issuance of equity, on July 14, 2009, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File number 333-160572 (“July 2009 Shelf”), under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of up to $50,000,000.  As of January 31, 2010, gross proceeds of up to $38,320,000 remained available under the July 2009 Shelf.





In addition, on July 14, 2009, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“July 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from the July 2009 Shelf for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $25,000,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement are to be sold at market prices.  We are obligated to pay Wm Smith & Co. a commission equal to 3% of the first $15,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and 2% of the next $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock.  As of January 31, 2010, we had sold 3,458,048 shares of common stock at market prices under the July 2009 AMI Agreement in exchange for gross proceeds of $11,680,000.





In addition to the above, we may also raise additional capital through additional equity offerings, licensing our products in development, or increasing revenue from our wholly owned subsidiary, Avid.  While we will continue to explore these potential opportunities, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in raising sufficient capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or that sufficient additional revenues will be generated from Avid or under potential licensing or partnering agreements to complete the research, development, and clinical testing of our product candidates.  Based on our current projections, which include projected revenues under signed contracts with existing customers of Avid, combined with the projected revenues from our government contract, we believe we have sufficient cash on hand combined with amounts expected to be received from Avid customers and from our government contract to meet our obligations as they become due through at least the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 ending October 31, 2010 based on current assumptions.  There are a number of uncertainties associated with our financial projections, including but not limited to, termination of third party or government contracts, technical challenges, or possible reductions in funding under our government contract, which could reduce or delay our future projected cash-inflows.  In addition, under our Loan Agreement (see Note 8), in the event our government contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative is terminated or canceled for any reason, including reasons pertaining to budget cuts by the government or reduction in government funding for the program, we would be required to set aside cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to 80% of the outstanding loan balance (or $3,067,000 as of January 31, 2010) in a restricted collateral account non-accessable by us.  In the event our projected cash-inflows are reduced or delayed or if we default on a loan covenant that limits our access to our available cash on hand, we might not have sufficient capital to operate our business through the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 unless we raise additional capital.  The uncertainties surrounding our future cash inflows have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.




6


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)





3.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES





Revenue Recognition





We currently derive revenue from the following three sources:  (i) contract manufacturing services provided by Avid, (ii) licensing revenues related to agreements associated with Peregrine’s technologies under development, and (iii) government contract revenues for services provided under a government contract awarded to Peregrine through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).





We recognize revenue in accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition.  We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery (or passage of title) has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured.





We also comply with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition regarding arrangements with multiple deliverables.  We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when the delivered element has stand-alone value and we have objective and reliable evidence of fair value for each undelivered element.  If the fair value of any undelivered element included in a multiple element arrangement cannot be objectively determined, the arrangement would then be accounted for as a single unit of accounting, and revenue is recognized over the estimated period of when the performance obligation(s) are performed.





In addition, we also follow the authoritative guidance when reporting revenue as gross when we act as a principal versus reporting revenue as net when we act as an agent.  For transactions in which we act as a principal, have discretion to choose suppliers, bear credit risk and perform a substantive part of the services, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed to a customer and costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of cost of sales for contract manufacturing services and research and development expense for services provided under our contract with the TMTI.





Contract Manufacturing Revenue – Revenue associated with contract manufacturing services provided by Avid are recognized once the service has been rendered and/or upon shipment (or passage of title) of the product to the customer.  On occasion, we recognize revenue on a “bill-and-hold” basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Under “bill-and-hold” arrangements, revenue is recognized once the product is complete and ready for shipment, title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, management receives a written request from the customer for “bill-and-hold” treatment, the product is segregated from other inventory, and no further performance obligations exist.





Any amounts received prior to satisfying our revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  We also record a provision for estimated contract losses, if any, in the period in which they are determined.





License Revenue – Revenue associated with licensing agreements primarily consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, non-refundable annual license fees and milestone payments.





7


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)





Non-refundable upfront license fees received under license agreements, whereby continued performance or future obligations are considered inconsequential to the relevant license technology, are recognized as revenue upon delivery of the technology.  If a license agreement has multiple element arrangements, we analyze and determine whether the deliverables, which often include performance obligations, can be separated or whether they must be accounted for as a single unit of accounting in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Under multiple element arrangements, we recognize upfront license payments as revenue upon delivery of the license only if the license has stand-alone value and the fair value of the undelivered performance obligations can be determined.  If the fair value of the undelivered performance obligations can be determined, such obligations would then be accounted for separately as performed.  If the license is considered to either not have stand-alone value or have stand-alone value but the fair value of any of the undelivered performance obligations cannot be determined, the arrangement would then be accounted for as a single unit of accounting and the license payments and payments for performance obligations are recognized as revenue over the estimated period of when the performance obligations are performed.  If we determine that an arrangement should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting, we must determine the period over which the performance obligations will be performed and revenue will be recognized.  Revenue recognized under licensing agreements is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method, as of the period ending date.  Amounts received prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Non-refundable annual license fees are recognized as revenue on the anniversary date of the agreement in accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition.





Milestone payments are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the specified milestone, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive in nature and the achievement of the milestone is not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, (ii) the fees are non-refundable, and (3) there is no continuing performance obligations associated with the milestone payment.  Any milestone payments received prior to satisfying these revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Government Contract Revenue–On June 30, 2008, we were awarded a five-year government contract potentially worth up to $44.4 million to test and develop bavituximab and an equivalent fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections.  The contract was awarded through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).  This contract is expected to provide us with up to $22.3 million in funding over a 24-month base period, with $19.4 million having been appropriated as of January 31, 2010.  The remainder of the $22.3 million in funding is expected to be appropriated over the remainder of the two-year base period ending June 29, 2010.  Subject to the progress of the program and budgetary considerations in future years, the contract can be extended by the TMTI beyond the base period to cover up to $44.4 million in funding over the five-year contract period through three one-year option terms.





Our contract with the TMTI is a “cost-plus-fixed-fee” contract whereby we recognize government contract revenue in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria noted above and in accordance with the authoritative guidance specific to federal government contracts.  Reimbursable costs under the contract primarily include direct labor, subcontract costs, materials, equipment, travel, indirect costs, and a fixed fee for our efforts.  Revenue under this “cost-plus-fixed-fee” contract is generally recognized as we perform the underlying research and development activities.  However, progress billings and/or payments associated with services that are billed and/or received in a manner that is not consistent with the timing of when services are performed are classified as deferred government contract revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and are recognized as revenue upon satisfying our revenue recognition criteria.




8


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)








Fair Value Measurements





We determine fair value measurements in accordance with the authoritative guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures for all assets and liabilities within the scope of this guidance.  This guidance clarifies the definition of fair value for financial reporting, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about the use of fair value measurements.  The guidance also clarifies its application in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active.  The guidance prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into the following hierarchy:





·
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.


·
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as assets or liabilities whose value are based on quoted market prices in markets where trading occurs infrequently or whose values are based on quoted prices of instruments with similar attributes in active markets.


·
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement.





As of January 31, 2010, we do not have any Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets or liabilities and our cash and cash equivalents are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices for identical securities (Level 1 input).





Share-Based Compensation





We account for stock options granted under our equity compensation plans in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation.  The authoritative guidance requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair value based method, for costs related to all share-based payments including grants of employee stock options.  In addition, it requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model.  The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods (typically 2 to 4 years).





The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.  The use of a valuation model requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions with respect to selected model inputs including estimated stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected dividends and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors.  In addition, the authoritative guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.





Total share-based compensation expense related to employee stock option grants for the three and nine-month periods ended January 31, 2010 and 2009 are included in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows:





Three Months Ended

January 31,


Nine Months Ended

January 31,2010


2009


2010


2009Research and development

$
101,000


$
106,000


$
281,000


$
370,000Selling, general and administrative


63,000



97,000



195,000



320,000Total

$
164,000


$
203,000


$
476,000


$
690,000








9


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)




As of January 31, 2010, the total estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $750,000.  This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 2.83 years based on current assumptions.





Periodically, we grant stock options to non-employee consultants.  The fair value of options granted to non-employees are measured utilizing the Black-Scholes option valuation model and are amortized over the estimated period of service or related vesting period in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Share-based compensation expense recorded during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010 associated with non-employees amounted to $7­­­­­­­­­­­­,000 and $15,000, respectively.  Share-based compensation expense recorded during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2009 associated with non-employees amounted to $2­­­­­­­­­­­­,000 and $8,000, respectively.





Comprehensive Loss





Comprehensive loss is equal to net loss for all periods presented.





Basic and Dilutive Net Loss Per Common Share





Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing our net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period excluding the dilutive effects of options and warrants in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the potential dilutive effects of options and warrants outstanding during the period calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method, but are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive.  Because the impact of options and warrants are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss, there was no difference between basic and diluted loss per share amounts for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010 and 2009.





The calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding excludes the dilutive effect of options and warrants to purchase up to 419,370 and 568,792 shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, and 41,827 and 26,457 shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2009, respectively, since the impact of such options and warrants are anti-dilutive during periods of net loss.





The calculation of weighted average diluted shares outstanding also excludes weighted average outstanding options and warrants to purchase up to 1,773,635 and 1,733,643 shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, and 2,558,148 and 2,620,252 shares of common stock for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2009, respectively, as the exercise prices of those options were greater than the average market price of our common stock during the respective periods, resulting in an anti-dilutive effect.





Subsequent to January 31, 2010, our Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, approved a performance-based restricted stock award to certain key employees and consultants of the Company for an aggregate of 356,250 shares of common stock and a broad based grant of stock options to substantially all of our employees, our three non-employee directors and certain consultants to purchase an aggregate of 2,525,500 shares of common stock (Note 14), which additional shares have been excluded from the calculation of basic and dilutive net loss per common share of January 31, 2010.




10


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)





4.
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS





Recently Adopted Accounting Standards




In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) approvedThe FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification”) as the single source of authoritative U.S. GAAP for all non-governmental entities, with the exception of the SEC and its staff.  The Codification, which launched on July 1, 2009, changes the referencing and organization of accounting guidance and became effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.  The Codification is now the single official source of authoritative U.S. GAAP (other than guidance issued by the SEC), superseding existing FASB, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”), and related literature.  Only one level of authoritative U.S. GAAP now exists.  All other literature is considered non-authoritative.  The Codification does not change U.S. GAAP.  We adopted the Codification effective August 1, 2009. The adoption of the Codification did not have a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Effective May 1, 2009 and as updated as of February 24, 2010, we adopted authoritative guidance for subsequent events which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued.  The guidance sets forth the circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements.  The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Effective May 1, 2009, we adopted authoritative guidance on accounting for collaborative arrangements, which focuses on how the parties to a collaborative agreement should account for costs incurred and revenue generated on sales to third parties, how sharing payments pursuant to a collaboration agreement should be presented in the statement of operations and certain related disclosure questions.  The adoption of the new guidance on accounting for collaborative arrangements did not have a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Effective May 1, 2009, we adopted authoritative guidance on determining whether an instrument (or an embedded feature) is indexed to an entity’s own stock.  The guidance provides that an entity should use a two-step approach to evaluate whether an equity-linked financial instrument (or embedded feature) is indexed to its own stock, including evaluating the instrument’s contingent exercise and settlement provisions.  It also clarifies the impact of foreign currency denominated strike prices and market-based employee stock option valuation instruments on the evaluation.  The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Effective May 1, 2009, we adopted authoritative guidance which requires publicly traded companies to include in their interim financial  reports certain disclosures about the carrying value and fair value of financial instruments previously required only in annual financial statements and to disclose changes in significant assumptions used to calculate the fair value of financial instruments.  The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements.





New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted





In October 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that requires an entity to allocate arrangement consideration at the inception of an arrangement to all of its deliverables based on their relative selling prices, eliminates the use of the residual method of allocation, and requires the relative-selling-price method in all circumstances in which an entity recognizes revenue of an arrangement with multiple deliverables.  This guidance will be effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, with earlier application permitted. We have not yet evaluated the potential impact of adopting this guidance on our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




11


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)


5.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE





Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount net of an allowance for doubtful accounts, if necessary.  Trade and other receivables primarily include amounts billed for contract manufacturing services provided by Avid (“trade” receivables).  Government contract receivables include amounts billed under our contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).  In addition, amounts unbilled under our contract with TMTI at January 31, 2010 were $200,000, of which amount, included $150,000 in prepaid expenses and other current assets and included $50,000 in other assets in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





We continually monitor our allowance for doubtful accounts for all receivables.  A considerable amount of judgment is required in assessing the ultimate realization of these receivables and we estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on these factors at that point in time.  With respect to our trade and other receivables, we determined a $20,000 allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary based on our analysis as of January 31, 2010.  With respect to our government contract receivables, we determined no allowance for doubtful accounts was necessary based on our analysis as of January 31, 2010.





6.
INVENTORIES





Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market and primarily include raw materials, direct labor and overhead costs (work-in-process) associated with our wholly owned subsidiary, Avid.





Inventories consist of the following at January 31, 2010 and April 30, 2009:





January 31,

2010


April 30,

2009Raw materials

$
1,720,000


$
1,654,000Work-in-process


2,141,000



3,053,000Total inventories, net

$
3,861,000


$
4,707,000





7.
PREPAID RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES





Our prepaid research and development expenses represent deferred and capitalized pre-payments to secure the receipt of future research and development services.  These pre-payments are recognized as an expense in the period that the services are performed.  We assess our prepaid research and development expenses for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the prepaid expense may not be recoverable or provide a future economic benefit.




12


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)


8.
NOTE PAYABLE





On December 9, 2008, we entered into a loan and security agreement whereby we borrowed $5,000,000 (“Loan Agreement”) from MidCap Financial LLC and BlueCrest Capital Finance, L.P. (collectively, the “Lenders”).





Under the Loan Agreement, the outstanding principal balance each month will bear interest at the then current thirty (30) day LIBOR rate (set at a floor of 3%) plus 9% (12% at January 31, 2010).  The Loan Agreement allowed for interest-only payments during the initial six (6) months through July 2009 followed by thirty (30) equal monthly principal payments plus interest.  The Loan Agreement, which is secured by generally all assets of the Company, contains customary covenants that, among other things, generally restricts our ability to incur additional indebtedness.  In addition, the Loan Agreement contains a covenant, whereby if our contract with the TMTI (Note 3) is terminated while the loan is outstanding, we would be required to set aside cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to at least 80% of the outstanding loan balance (or $3,067,000 as of January 31, 2010) in a secured account over which we will not be permitted to make withdrawals or otherwise exercise control.  Moreover, the Loan Agreement includes a Material Adverse Change clause whereby if there is a material impairment in the priority of Lenders' lien in the collateral or in the value of such collateral, or if we encounter a material adverse change in our business, operations, or condition (financial or otherwise), or a material impairment of the prospect of repayment of any portion of the loan, then an event of default can be invoked by the lender.  As of January 31, 2010, we are in compliance with all Loan Agreement covenants.





The terms of the Loan Agreement also included a provision for warrant coverage equal to 10% of the amount borrowed divided by the warrant exercise price.  The warrant exercise price was calculated based on the average closing price of our common stock for the 20-day period prior to the date of the Loan Agreement.  The warrants are exercisable immediately and have a five-year term.  In connection with the advance of $5,000,000, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 338,410 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.48 per share.  The fair value of the warrants was $414,000, and this amount was credited to additional paid-in capital and reduced the carrying value of the debt, reflected as a debt discount in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  The debt discount is being amortized as a non-cash interest expense over the term of the outstanding loan using the effective interest method.  The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:  estimated volatility of 70.72%; risk free interest rate of 2.00%; an expected life of five years; and no dividend yield.





In connection with the Loan Agreement, we also incurred $469,000 in financing fees and legal costs related to closing the Loan Agreement.  These fees and costs are classified as debt issuance costs, and the short-term and long-term portions of these costs are included in current assets and other long-term assets, respectively, in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized as a non-cash interest expense over the term of the outstanding loan using the effective interest method.  Included in debt issuance costs is a final payment fee of $150,000, which is due and payable on the maturity date of the outstanding loan balance, and is equal to 3% of the total amount funded under the Loan Agreement.  The final payment fee payable of $150,000 is classified as other long-term liabilities in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.





13


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)





As of January 31, 2010, we will make the following principal payments in the years ending April 30:





2010

$
500,0002011


2,000,0002012


1,333,000Total

$
3,833,000





9.
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY





On March 26, 2009, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“March 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we sold shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File Number 333-139975 (“January 2007 Shelf”), for aggregate gross proceeds of $7,500,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement were sold at market prices.  During the quarter ended July 31, 2009, we had sold 1,855,172 shares of common stock under the March 2009 AMI Agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $6,587,000 after deducting commissions of 3% paid to Wm Smith & Co and other issuance costs.  As of July 31, 2009, we had raised the aggregate gross proceeds of $7,500,000 permitted under the March 2009 AMI Agreement.  In addition, as of July 31, 2009, we had raised the aggregate gross proceeds permitted under the January 2007 Shelf.





On July 14, 2009, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File number 333-160572 (“July 2009 Shelf”), under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of up to $50,000,000.   As of January 31, 2010, gross proceeds of up to $38,320,000 remained available under the July 2009 Shelf.





In addition, on July 14, 2009, we entered into a separate At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“July 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from our July 2009 Shelf, for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $25,000,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement are to be sold at market prices.  We are obligated to pay Wm Smith & Co. a commission equal to 3% of the first $15,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and 2% of the next $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock.  As of January 31, 2010, we had sold 3,458,048 shares of common stock at market prices under the July 2009 AMI Agreement for aggregate net proceeds of $11,326,000 after deducting commissions of 3% paid to Wm Smith & Co and other issuance costs.





As of January 31, 2010, we have reserved 6,065,751 additional shares of our common stock which may be issued under our stock option plans and outstanding warrant agreements, excluding shares of common stock that could potentially be issued under the July 2009 Shelf, as further described in the following table:





Number of Shares ReservedStock options issued and outstanding


2,412,040Stock options available for future grant


3,315,301Warrants issued and outstanding


338,410Total shares of common stock reserved for issuance


6,065,751






14


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)


10.
STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS





In connection with the one-for-five reverse stock split we implemented at the close of business on October 16, 2009, the number of outstanding equity awards was proportionately adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.  As a result, the number of outstanding equity awards was determined by dividing the number of outstanding equity awards by five.  The per share exercise price of stock options and warrants was determined by multiplying the exercise price by five.





During the nine months ended January 31, 2010, holders of our outstanding options exercised rights to purchase 51,462 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $1.85 per share, respectively, for net proceeds of approximately $95,000.  Options to purchase 2,412,040 shares of our common stock were outstanding as of January 31, 2010.





As of January 31, 2010, we had warrants outstanding to purchase up to 338,410 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.48 per share with an expiration date of December 19, 2013.  These warrants were issued during fiscal year 2009 in connection with the loan and security agreement we entered into on December 9, 2008, as further discussed in Note 8.  There were no warrants granted or exercised during the nine months ended January 31, 2010.





11.
SEGMENT REPORTING





Our business is organized into two reportable operating segments.  Peregrine is engaged in the research and development of monoclonal antibody-based therapies for the treatment of cancer and serious viral infections.  Avid is engaged in providing contract manufacturing services for Peregrine and outside customers on a fee-for-service basis.





The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 3.  We primarily evaluate the performance of our contract manufacturing services segment based on gross profit or loss.  However, our products in the research and development segment are not evaluated based on gross profit or loss, but rather based on scientific progress of the technologies.  As such, gross profit is only provided for our contract manufacturing services segment in the below table.  All revenues shown below are derived from transactions with external customers.





Segment information for the three-month periods is summarized as follows:





Three Months Ended January 31,2010


2009Contract manufacturing services revenue

$
2,945,000


$
5,778,000Cost of contract manufacturing services


1,874,000



4,106,000Gross profit


1,071,000



1,672,000Revenues from products in research and development


6,932,000



1,048,000Research and development expense


(7,322,000
)


(4,465,000
)Selling, general and administrative expense


(1,998,000
)


(1,489,000
)Other expense, net


(221,000
)


(98,000
)Net loss

$
(1,538,000
)

$
(3,332,000
)






15


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)


Revenues generated from our contract manufacturing services segment were from the following customers:





Three Months Ended January 31,2010

2009United States (customer A)


46
%


43
%United States (customer B)


44
%


2
%Germany (one customer)


10
%


28
%Canada (one customer)


0
%


26
%Other customers


0
%


1
%Total


100
%


100
%





Segment information for the nine-month periods is summarized as follows:





Nine Months Ended January 31,2010


2009Contract manufacturing services revenue

$
10,323,000


$
7,954,000Cost of contract manufacturing services


6,487,000



5,672,000Gross profit


3,836,000



2,282,000Revenues from products in research and development


13,200,000



2,330,000Research and development expense


(17,528,000
)


(12,834,000
)Selling, general and administrative expense


(5,552,000
)


(4,722,000
)Other (expense) income, net


(709,000
)


29,000Net loss

$
(6,753,000
)

$
(12,915,000
)





Revenues generated from our contract manufacturing services segment were from the following customers:





Nine Months Ended January 31,2010

2009United States (customer A)


31
%


56
%United States (customer B)


18
%


2
%Germany (one customer)


15
%


22
%Canada (one customer)


36
%


20
%Total


100
%


100
%





Revenues generated from our products in our research and development segment during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010 and 2009 were primarily from revenues earned under the government contract with the TMTI (Note 3).  The remainder of revenue generated from our products in our research and development segment during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010 was from revenue earned under licensing agreements (Note 12).






16


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)








Our long-lived assets consist of leasehold improvements, laboratory equipment, and furniture, fixtures and computer equipment and are net of accumulated depreciation.  Long-lived assets by segment consist of the following:





January 31,

2010


April 30,

2009Long-lived Assets, net:Contract manufacturing services

$
1,299,000


$
1,531,000Products in research and development


170,000



150,000Total long-lived assets, net

$
1,469,000


$
1,681,000





12.
LICENSING AGREEMENTS





During July 2009, we sub-licensed certain rights and agreed to assign certain other rights under our anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) antibody program to an unrelated entity.  In consideration for the rights granted under our anti-VEGF antibody program, we will receive non-refundable up-front license fees of $250,000.  In addition, we expect to receive an additional $1,000,000 upon delivery of a pre-clinical development package as defined in the agreements.  We could also receive up to $16,500,000 in future milestone payments based on the achievement of all clinical and regulatory milestones for initial product approval plus a royalty on net sales, as defined in the agreements.  Under the license agreements, we also granted the unrelated entity a research license in the ocular field with an option to grant sub-licenses in the ocular field.  If the unrelated entity exercises this option to grant sub-licenses in the ocular field, we would receive pre-defined up-front fees, milestone payments, and a royalty on net sales.  We have determined that, pursuant to the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition, the license and the undelivered services (pre-clinical development package and the option to the ocular field) are not separable and, accordingly, the license and services are being treated as a single unit of accounting.  Under the agreements, we determined our obligations under the agreements would be up to a four year period and therefore, we are recognizing the non-refundable up-front license fees of $250,000 and the additional $1,000,000 associated with other deliverables, as defined in the agreements, on a straight-line basis over a four year period.  However, we will continue to reassess the length of our obligation period, and accordingly, our estimated obligation period may change based on future events.  Revenue recognized under these agreements is included in license revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  Amounts received prior to satisfying our revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





During February 2001, we licensed certain rights to SuperGen, Inc. (“SuperGen”) pertaining to a segment of our Vascular Targeting Agents technology, specifically related to certain conjugates of VEGF.  During January 2010, the agreement was terminated by SuperGen.  No revenue was recognized under this agreement during the current fiscal year.





During December 2002, we granted the exclusive rights for the development of diagnostic and imaging agents in the field of oncology to Schering A.G. under our Vascular Targeting Agents technology.  During December 2009, we received a notice from Schering A.G. exercising their right to terminate the agreement upon 120 days advance written notice.  In accordance with the termination clause of the agreement, this agreement is expected to terminate during April 2010.  No revenue was recognized under this agreement during the current fiscal year.




17


PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
 
 NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2010 (continued)







13.
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES





From time to time, we are involved in legal disputes arising in the normal course of our business. We are not presently subject to any material litigation or other dispute nor, to management’s knowledge, is any litigation or other proceeding threatened against us that collectively is expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated cash flows, financial condition or results of operations.





14.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS





On February 1, 2010, our Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (“Committee”) approved (i) a performance-based restricted stock award (“Performance Awards”) to certain key employees and consultants of the Company for an aggregate of 356,250 shares of common stock and (ii) a broad based grant of stock options (“Option Grants”) to substantially all of our employees, our three non-employee directors and certain consultants to purchase an aggregate of 2,525,500 shares of common stock.  We will account for the Performance Awards and Option Grants in accordance with the authoritative guidance for share-based compensation.





The Performance Awards are subject to a vesting requirement based upon our timely attainment of certain predetermined clinical, financial and operational milestones.  In this regard, the Committee approved a total of eight milestones with specific target attainment dates (the “Target Dates”) ranging from June 30, 2010 through July 15, 2011.  If a milestone is successfully achieved by its Target Date, then as of the date of achievement of such milestone twenty percent (20%) of the shares of common stock underlying the Performance Awards would vest.  Consequently, outstanding Performance Awards will fully vest (e.g., as to one hundred percent (100%) of the underlying shares of common stock) if five of the eight predetermined milestones are successfully achieved by their respective Target Dates.








18





ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which represent our projections, estimates, expectations or beliefs concerning among other things, financial items that relate to management’s future plans or objectives or to our future economic and financial performance.  In some cases, you can identify these statements by terminology such as “may”, “should”, “plans”, “believe”, “will”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “expect” “project”, or “intend”, including their opposites or similar phrases or expressions.  You should be aware that these statements are projections or estimates as to future events and are subject to a number of factors that may tend to influence the accuracy of the statements.  These forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by the Company or any other person that the events or plans of the Company will be achieved.  You should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report.  We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstances or events after the date of this Quarterly Report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this Quarterly Report. Actual results may differ materially from any forward looking statement.





Company Overview





We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company that manufactures and develops monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer and serious viral infections.  We are advancing three separate clinical programs with our first-in-class compounds bavituximab and Cotara®.





The below table is a summary of our clinical trials and the current status of each clinical trial.





Product
Indication
Trial Design
Trial StatusBavituximab
Solid tumor cancers
Phase I monotherapy repeat dose safety study designed to treat up to 28 patients.
June 2009 – Completion of patient enrollment was announced.Bavituximab plus docetaxel
Advanced breast cancer
Phase II study designed to treat up to 15 patients initially.  Study was expanded to a total of 46 patients based on early promising results observed in the initial 15 patients.
May 2009 – Completion of patient enrollment was announced.



October 2009 – We announced that 28 of 46 (61%) of all patients enrolled in the trial achieved an objective tumor response according to RECIST criteria after up to six treatment cycles.



Patient treatment and follow-up are continuing and secondary clinical trial endpoints are being monitored.Bavituximab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel
Advanced breast cancer
Phase II study designed to treat up to 15 patients initially.  Study was expanded to a total of 46 patients based on early promising results observed in the initial 15 patients.
September 2009 – Completion of patient enrollment was announced.



Patient treatment and follow-up are continuing and clinical trial endpoints are being monitored.






19








Product
Indication
Trial Design
Trial StatusBavituximab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Phase II study designed to treat up to 21 patients initially. Study was expanded to a total of 49 patients based on early promising results observed in the initial 21 patients.
October 2009 – Completion of patient enrollment was announced in the total 49 patients.



October 2009–We announced that median progression-free-survival was 6.5 months in the initial 15 patient cohort.



Patient treatment and follow-up are continuing and secondary clinical trial endpoints are being monitored.Cotara
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Dosimetry and dose confirmation study designed to treat up to 12 patients with recurrent GBM.
December 2009 - Completion of patient enrollment was announced.



Patient follow-up is continuing.  Dosimetry data objectives have all been met and final data from this trial is expected in calendar year 2010.Cotara
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Phase II safety and efficacy study to treat up to 40 patients at first relapse.
This study is actively enrolling patients and enrollment is over halfway completed.Bavituximab
Chronic hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) infection co-infected with HIV
Phase Ib repeat dose safety study designed to treat up to 24 patients.
This study is actively enrolling patients.





In addition to our clinical programs, we are also working on a major government contract.  On June 30, 2008, we were awarded a five-year contract potentially worth up to $44.4 million to test and develop bavituximab and an equivalent fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections.  The contract was awarded through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).  As of January 31, 2010, we have recognized a total of $18,048,000 in government contract revenue under the contract, of which, we recognized $5,013,000 during fiscal year 2009 and $13,035,000 during the nine months ended January 31, 2010.  This federal contract is expected to provide us with up to $22.3 million in funding over an initial 24-month base period, with $19.4 million having been appropriated as of January 31, 2010.  The remainder of the $22.3 million in funding is expected to be appropriated over the remainder of the two-year base period ending June 29, 2010.  Subject to the progress of the program and budgetary considerations in future years, the contract can be extended beyond the base period to cover up to $44.4 million in funding over the five-year contract period through three one-year option terms.





In addition to advancing our clinical pipeline and pre-clinical research under our government contract, we also operate a wholly owned cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices) contract manufacturing subsidiary, Avid Bioservices, Inc. (“Avid”).  Avid provides contract manufacturing services for biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies on a fee-for-service basis, from pre-clinical drug supplies up through commercial-scale drug manufacturing.  In addition to these activities, Avid provides critical services in support of Peregrine’s product pipeline including manufacture and scale-up of pre-clinical and clinical drug supplies.







20




Going Concern





Our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.  The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of the recorded assets or the classification of liabilities that may be necessary should it be determined that we are unable to continue as a going concern.





At January 31, 2010, we had $16,837,000 in cash and cash equivalents.  We have expended substantial funds on the research, development and clinical trials of our product candidates, and funding the operations of Avid.  As a result, we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operations since our inception and we expect the negative cash flows from operations to continue for the foreseeable future.  Our net losses incurred during the past three fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007 amounted to $16,524,000, $23,176,000, and $20,796,000, respectively.  Unless and until we are able to generate sufficient revenues from Avid’s contract manufacturing services and/or from the sale and/or licensing of our products under development, we expect such losses to continue for the foreseeable future.





Therefore, our ability to continue our clinical trials and development efforts is highly dependent on the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand combined with our ability to raise additional capital to support our future operations.





We will need to raise additional capital through one or more methods, including but not limited to, issuing additional equity or debt, in order to support the costs of our research and development programs.





With respect to financing our operations through the issuance of equity, on July 14, 2009, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File number 333-160572 (“July 2009 Shelf”), under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of up to $50,000,000.  As of January 31, 2010, gross proceeds of $38,320,000 remained available under the July 2009 Shelf.





In addition, on July 14, 2009, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“July 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from the July 2009 Shelf for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $25,000,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement are to be sold at market prices.  We are obligated to pay Wm Smith & Co. a commission equal to 3% of the first $15,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and 2% of the next $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock.  As of January 31, 2010, we had sold 3,458,048 shares of common stock at market prices under the July 2009 AMI Agreement in exchange for gross proceeds of $11,680,000.





In addition to the above, we may also raise additional capital through additional equity offerings, licensing our products in development, or increasing revenue from our wholly owned subsidiary, Avid.  While we will continue to explore these potential opportunities, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in raising sufficient capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or that sufficient additional revenues will be generated from Avid or under potential licensing or partnering agreements to complete the research, development, and clinical testing of our product candidates.  Based on our current projections, which include projected revenues under signed contracts with existing customers of Avid, combined with the projected revenues from our government contract,  we believe we have sufficient cash on hand combined with amounts expected to be received from Avid customers and from our government contract to meet our obligations as they become due through at least the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 ending October 31, 2010 based on current assumptions.  There are a number of uncertainties associated with our financial projections, including but not limited to, termination of third party or government contracts, technical challenges, or possible reductions in funding under our government contract, which could reduce or delay our future projected cash-inflows.  In addition, under our Loan Agreement (see Note 8 to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), in the event our government contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative is terminated or canceled for any reason, including reasons pertaining to budget cuts by the government or reduction in government funding for the program, we would be required to set aside cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to 80% of the outstanding loan balance (or $3,067,000 as of January 31, 2010) in a restricted collateral account non-accessable by us.  In the event our projected cash-inflows are reduced or delayed or if we default on a loan covenant that limits our access to our available cash on hand, we might not have sufficient capital to operate our business through the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 unless we raise additional capital.  The uncertainties surrounding our future cash inflows have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.





21


Results of Operations





The following table compares the interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine-month periods ended January 31, 2010 and 2009.  This table provides you with an overview of the changes in the interim unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations for the comparative periods, which are further discussed below.





Three Months Ended

January 31,


Nine Months Ended

January 31,2010


2009


$ Change


2010


2009


$ ChangeREVENUES:Contract manufacturing revenue

$
2,945,000


$
5,778,000


$
(2,833,000
)

$
10,323,000


$
7,954,000


$
2,369,000Government contract revenue


6,854,000



1,048,000



5,806,000



13,035,000



2,330,000



10,705,000License revenue


78,000



-



78,000



165,000



-



165,000Total revenues


9,877,000



6,826,000



3,051,000



23,523,000



10,284,000



13,239,000COST AND EXPENSES:Cost of contract manufacturing


1,874,000



4,106,000



(2,232,000
)


6,487,000



5,672,000



815,000Research and development


7,322,000



4,465,000



2,857,000



17,528,000



12,834,000



4,694,000Selling, general and administrative


1,998,000



1,489,000



509,000



5,552,000



4,722,000



830,000Total cost and expenses


11,194,000



10,060,0000



1,134,000



29,567,000



23,228,000



6,339,000LOSS FROM OPERATIONS


(1,317,000
)


(3,234,000
)


1,917,000



(6,044,000
)


(12,944,000
)


6,900,000OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):Interest and other income


22,000



37,000



(15,000
)


96,000



165,000



(69,000
)Interest and other expense


(243,000
)


(135,000
)


(108,000
)


(805,000
)


(136,000
)


(669,000
)NET LOSS

$
(1,538,000
)

$
(3,332,000
)

$
1,794,000


$
(6,753,000
)

$
(12,915,000
)

$
6,162,000





Results of operations for interim periods covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q may not necessarily be indicative of results of operations for the full fiscal year.





Contract Manufacturing Revenue.





Three months:  The decrease in Avid’s contract manufacturing revenue of $2,833,000 (or 49%) during the three months ended January 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year is primarily due to a current quarter shift in completed manufacturing services from third party work to services provided to Peregrine to support its clinical programs and manufacturing needs under its government contract with the TMTI.




22





Nine months:  The increase in contract manufacturing revenue of $2,369,000 (or 30%) during the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year is primarily due to an increase in manufacturing services provided by Avid to unrelated entities on a fee-for-service basis including an increase in the number of completed manufacturing runs compared to the same period in the prior year.





We expect to continue to generate contract manufacturing revenue during the remainder of the current fiscal year based on the anticipated completion of in-process customer related projects and the anticipated demand for Avid’s services under signed and outstanding proposals.





Government Contract Revenue.





Three and nine months:  Government contract revenue stems from our contract with the TMTI of the U.S. Department of Defense's DTRA.  The purpose of the contract is to test and develop bavituximab and an equivalent fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections.  The increases in government contract revenue of $5,806,000 (or 554%) and $10,705,000 (or 459%) during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is due to an increase in research and development services as pre-clinical and manufacturing activities have increased compared to the same prior year periods.  In addition, since the contract was signed on June 30, 2008, there was no corresponding revenue generated during the initial two months of the prior year nine-month period ended January 31, 2009.





As of January 31, 2010, we have recognized $18,048,000 in total government contract revenue under the contract, of which, we recognized $5,013,000 during fiscal year 2009 and $13,035,000 during the nine months ended January 31, 2010.  The contract has an initial 24-month base period with up to $22.3 million in funding with $19.4 million having been appropriated as of January 31, 2010.  We expect to continue to generate government contract revenue associated with our contract with the TMTI.





The contract also includes up to three one-year option periods and aggregate funding under the contract is potentially worth up to $44.4 million over the entire five year period.  Subject to the progress of the program and budgetary considerations, the contract can be canceled by the TMTI at any time.





License Revenue.





Three and Nine Months:  The increases in license revenue of $78,000 and $165,000 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is due to revenue recognized for the same amounts under licensing agreements we entered into during July 2009 associated with our anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) antibody program.  We expect to continue to recognize license revenue during the remainder of the current fiscal year in accordance with the terms of the licensing agreement as further discussed in Note 12, “Licensing Agreements” to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Cost of Contract Manufacturing.





Three and Nine Months:  The decrease in cost of contract manufacturing of $2,232,000 (or 54%) and the increase in cost of contract manufacturing of $815,000 (or 14%) during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily related to the current year three-month decrease and nine-month increase in contract manufacturing revenue.  We expect to continue to incur contract manufacturing costs during the remainder of the current fiscal year based on the anticipated completion of customer projects under our current contract manufacturing agreements.




23





Research and Development Expenses.





Three and Nine Months:  The increases in research and development (“R&D”) expenses of $2,857,000 (or 64%) and $4,694,000 (or 37%) during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is due to the following changes associated with each of our following platform technologies under development:





Technology Platform

R&D Expenses –

Three Months

Ended January 31,


R&D Expenses –

Nine Months

Ended January 31,2010


2009


$ Change


2010


2009


$ ChangePhosphatidylserine (“PS”)-Targeting (bavituximab)

$
5,839,000


$
3,378,000


$
2,461,000


$
14,696,000


$
9,479,000


$
5,217,000TNT (Cotara®)


1,375,000



1,050,000



325,000



2,401,000



3,164,000



(763,000
)Other


108,000



37,000



71,000



431,000



191,000



240,000Total R&D Expenses

$
7,322,000


$
4,465,000


$
2,857,000


$
17,528,000


$
12,834,000


$
4,694,000





o
Phosphatidylserine (“PS”)-Targeting Technology Platform (bavituximab)– The increase in PS-Targeting program expenses of $2,461,000 and $5,217,000 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to an increase in R&D expenses directly associated with our efforts to advance the development of bavituximab and a fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections under our federal contract with the TMTI.  The increase in PS-Targeting program expenses was further supplemented with an increase in clinical trial and related expenses to support the advancement of four clinical trials using bavituximab for the treatment of solid tumors and one clinical trial for the treatment of HCV patients co-infected with HIV.





o
Tumor Necrosis Therapy (“TNT”) Technology Platform (Cotara®)– The increase in TNT program expenses of $325,000 during the three months ended January 31, 2010 was primarily due to an increase in manufacturing and related expenses to support the ongoing Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of brain cancer.  The decrease in TNT program expenses of $763,000 during the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in clinical trial expenses associated with the timing of patient enrollment.





o
Other R&D programs – The increase in our other R&D program expenses of $71,000 and $240,000 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to an increase in R&D expenses associated with increased development efforts associated with the advancement of our R84 antibody that was subsequently licensed to a unaffiliated entity in July 2009.







24




Looking beyond the current fiscal year, it is extremely difficult for us to reasonably estimate all future research and development costs associated with each of our technologies due to the number of unknowns and uncertainties associated with pre-clinical and clinical trial development.  These unknown variables and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:




●
the uncertainty of future clinical trial results;
 ●
the uncertainty of the ultimate number of patients to be treated in any current or future clinical trial;
 ●
the uncertainty of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration allowing our studies to move forward from Phase I clinical studies to Phase II and Phase III clinical studies;
 ●
the uncertainty of the rate at which patients are enrolled into any current or future study.  Any delays in clinical trials could significantly increase the cost of the study and would extend the estimated completion dates;
 ●
the uncertainty of terms related to potential future partnering or licensing arrangements;
 ●
the uncertainty of receiving future economic benefit from prepaid research and development services to third parties;
 ●
the uncertainty of protocol changes and modifications in the design of our clinical trial studies, which may increase or decrease our future costs; and
 ●
The uncertainty of our ability to raise additional capital to support our future research and development efforts beyond the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 ending October 31, 2010.





We or our potential partners will need to do additional development and clinical testing prior to seeking any regulatory approval for commercialization of our product candidates as all of our products are in discovery, pre-clinical or clinical development.  Testing, manufacturing, commercialization, advertising, promotion, exporting, and marketing, among other things, of our proposed products are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries.  The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort, and financial resources, and we cannot guarantee that any approval will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.  Companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in conducting advanced human clinical trials, even after obtaining promising results in earlier trials.  Furthermore, the United States Food and Drug Administration may suspend clinical trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk.  Even if regulatory approval of a product is granted, such approval may entail limitations on the indicated uses for which it may be marketed.  Accordingly, we or our potential partners may experience difficulties and delays in obtaining necessary governmental clearances and approvals to market our products.





Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.





Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses, director fees, legal and accounting fees, share-based compensation expense, investor and public relation fees, insurance, and other expenses relating to the general management, administration, and business development activities of the Company.





Three and Nine Months:  The increases in selling, general and administrative expenses of $509,000 (or 34%) and $830,000 (or 18%) during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to an increase in payroll and related expenses associated with (i) an increase in general and administrative employee headcount to support our expanding operations, (ii) an increase in consulting fees associated with business development activities, and (iii) an increase in bonus compensation primarily associated with a one-time bonus issued to various members of our management in recognition of their contributions toward successfully completing discussions for our bavituximab clinical program with the Food and Drug Administration during November 2009.  In addition, during the current year we incurred a non-recurring $248,000 expense associated with Option Exercise Forbearance Agreements (“Agreements”) we entered into during December 2009 with certain members of our management and a current member of the Board of Directors (“Option Holders”), which allowed the Company to issue payment to the Option Holders pursuant to the terms of the Agreements in exchange for allowing certain in-the-money stock options that were set to expire in December 2009 to expire unexercised.  These increases in selling, general and administrative expenses were offset by current year period decreases in non-cash share-based compensation expense.




25





Interest and Other Income.





Three and Nine Months:  The decreases in interest and other income of $15,000 and $69,000 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to decreases in interest income as a result of lower prevailing interest rates during the current year compared to the prior year.





Interest and Other Expense.





Three and Nine Months:  The increases in interest and other expense of $108,000 and $669,000 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2010, respectively, compared to the same periods in the prior year is primarily due to increases in interest expense and non-cash interest expense.  During the current year three and nine-month periods, interest expense increased $49,000 and $338,000, respectively, primarily associated with the $5,000,000 term loan we entered into in December 2008.  In addition, we saw current year three and nine-month period increases in non-cash interest expense of $41,000 and $282,000, respectively, associated with the amortization of the fair value of detachable warrants and related debt issuance costs.  Since the term loan was entered into during December 2008, there were no corresponding amounts during the first two fiscal quarters in the prior year.


Critical Accounting Policies





The preparation and presentation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP, requires us to establish policies and to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.In our judgment, our critical accounting policies, estimates and assumptions have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.  Our experience and assumptions form the basis for our judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may vary from what we anticipate and different assumptions or estimates about the future could change our reported results.  We believe the following critical accounting policy below updates, and should be considered in addition to, the critical accounting policies previously disclosed by us in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.





Revenue Recognition





We currently derive revenue from the following three sources:  (i) contract manufacturing services provided by Avid, (ii) licensing revenues related to agreements associated with Peregrine’s technologies under development, and (iii) government contract revenues for services provided under a government contract awarded to Peregrine through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).





We recognize revenue in accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition.  We recognize revenue when all of the following criteria are met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery (or passage of title) has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the seller's price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectibility is reasonably assured.





We also comply with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition regarding arrangements with multiple deliverables.  We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when the delivered element has stand-alone value and we have objective and reliable evidence of fair value for each undelivered element.  If the fair value of any undelivered element included in a multiple element arrangement cannot be objectively determined, the arrangement would then be accounted for as a single unit of accounting, and revenue is recognized over the estimated period of when the performance obligation(s) are performed.




26





In addition, we also follow the authoritative guidance when reporting revenue as gross when we act as a principal versus reporting revenue as net when we act as an agent.  For transactions in which we act as a principal, have discretion to choose suppliers, bear credit risk and performs a substantive part of the services, revenue is recorded at the gross amount billed to a customer and costs associated with these reimbursements are reflected as a component of cost of sales for contract manufacturing services and research and development expense for services provided under our contract with the TMTI.





Contract Manufacturing Revenue – Revenue associated with contract manufacturing services provided by Avid are recognized once the service has been rendered and/or upon shipment (or passage of title) of the product to the customer.  On occasion, we recognize revenue on a “bill-and-hold” basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Under “bill-and-hold” arrangements, revenue is recognized once the product is complete and ready for shipment, title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, management receives a written request from the customer for “bill-and-hold” treatment, the product is segregated from other inventory, and no further performance obligations exist.





Any amounts received prior to satisfying our revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.  We also record a provision for estimated contract losses, if any, in the period in which they are determined.





License Revenue – Revenue associated with licensing agreements primarily consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, non-refundable annual license fees and milestone payments.





Non-refundable upfront license fees received under license agreements, whereby continued performance or future obligations are considered inconsequential to the relevant license technology, are recognized as revenue upon delivery of the technology.  If a license agreement has multiple element arrangements, we analyze and determine whether the deliverables, which often include performance obligations, can be separated or whether they must be accounted for as a single unit of accounting in accordance with the authoritative guidance.  Under multiple element arrangements, we recognize upfront license payments as revenue upon delivery of the license only if the license has stand-alone value and the fair value of the undelivered performance obligations can be determined.  If the fair value of the undelivered performance obligations can be determined, such obligations would then be accounted for separately as performed.  If the license is considered to either not have stand-alone value or have stand-alone value but the fair value of any of the undelivered performance obligations cannot be determined, the arrangement would then be accounted for as a single unit of accounting and the license payments and payments for performance obligations are recognized as revenue over the estimated period of when the performance obligations are performed.  If we determine that an arrangement should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting, we must determine the period over which the performance obligations will be performed and revenue will be recognized.  Revenue recognized under licensing agreements is limited to the lesser of the cumulative amount of payments received or the cumulative amount of revenue earned, as determined using the straight-line method, as of the period ending date.  Amounts received prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.





Non-refundable annual license fees are recognized as revenue on the anniversary date of the agreement in accordance with the authoritative guidance for revenue recognition.





Milestone payments are recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the specified milestone, provided that (i) the milestone event is substantive in nature and the achievement of the milestone is not reasonably assured at the inception of the agreement, (ii) the fees are non-refundable, and (3) there is no continuing performance obligations associated with the milestone payment.  Any milestone payments received prior to satisfying these revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.




27





Government Contract Revenue – On June 30, 2008, we were awarded a five-year contract potentially worth up to $44.4 million to test and develop bavituximab and an equivalent fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections.  The initial contract was awarded through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).  This federal contract is expected to provide us with up to $22.3 million in funding over a 24-month base period, with $19.4 million having been appropriated as of January 31, 2010.  The remainder of the $22.3 million in funding is expected to be appropriated over the remainder of the two-year base period ending June 29, 2010.  Subject to the progress of the program and budgetary considerations in future years, the contract can be extended beyond the base period to cover up to $44.4 million in funding over the five-year contract period through three one-year option terms.





Our contract with the TMTI is a “cost-plus-fixed-fee” contract whereby we recognize government contract revenue in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria noted above and in accordance with the authoritative guidance specific to federal government contracts.  Reimbursable costs under the contract primarily include direct labor, subcontract costs, materials, equipment, travel, indirect costs, and a fixed fee for our efforts.  Revenue under this “cost-plus-fixed-fee” contract is generally recognized as we perform the underlying research and development activities.  However, progress billings and/or payments associated with services that are billed and/or received in a manner that is not consistent with the timing of when services are performed are classified as deferred government contract revenue in the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and are recognized as revenue upon satisfying our revenue recognition criteria.





Liquidity and Capital Resources





At January 31, 2010, we had $16,837,000 in cash and cash equivalents.  We have expended substantial funds on the research, development and clinical trials of our product candidates, and funding the operations of Avid.  As a result, we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operations since our inception and we expect to continue to experience negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future.  Our net losses incurred during the past three fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007 amounted to $16,524,000, $23,176,000, and $20,796,000, respectively.  Unless and until we are able to generate sufficient revenues from Avid’s contract manufacturing services and/or from the sale and/or licensing of our products under development, we expect such losses to continue for the foreseeable future.





Therefore, our ability to continue our clinical trials and development efforts is highly dependent on the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand combined with our ability to raise additional capital to support our future operations.  As discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, there exists substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.





We will need to raise additional capital through one or more methods, including but not limited to, issuing additional equity or debt, in order to support the costs of our research and development programs.





With respect to financing our operations through the issuance of equity, on July 14, 2009, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File number 333-160572 (“July 2009 Shelf”), under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of up to $50,000,000.  As of January 31, 2010, gross proceeds of $38,320,000 remained available under the July 2009 Shelf.





In addition, on July 14, 2009, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“July 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from the July 2009 Shelf for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $25,000,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement are to be sold at market prices.  We are obligated to pay Wm Smith & Co. a commission equal to 3% of the first $15,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and 2% of the next $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock.  As of January 31, 2010, we had sold 3,458,048 shares of common stock at market prices under the July 2009 AMI Agreement in exchange for gross proceeds of $11,680,000.





28





In addition to the above, we may also raise additional capital through additional equity offerings, licensing our products in development, or increasing revenue from our wholly owned subsidiary, Avid.  While we will continue to explore these potential opportunities, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in raising sufficient capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or that sufficient additional revenues will be generated from Avid or under potential licensing or partnering agreements to complete the research, development, and clinical testing of our product candidates.  Based on our current projections, which include projected revenues under signed contracts with existing customers of Avid, combined with the projected revenues from our government contract, we believe we have sufficient cash on hand combined with amounts expected to be received from Avid customers and from our government contract to meet our obligations as they become due through at least the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 ending October 31, 2010 based on current assumptions.  There are a number of uncertainties associated with our financial projections, including but not limited to, termination of third party or government contracts, technical challenges, or possible reductions in funding under our government contract, which could reduce or delay our future projected cash-inflows.  In addition, under our Loan Agreement (see Note 8 to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), in the event our government contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative is terminated or canceled for any reason, including reasons pertaining to budget cuts by the government or reduction in government funding for the program, we would be required to set aside cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to 80% of the outstanding loan balance (or $3,067,000 as of January 31, 2010) in a restricted collateral account non-accessable by us.  In the event our projected cash-inflows are reduced or delayed or if we default on a loan covenant that limits our access to our available cash on hand, we might not have sufficient capital to operate our business through the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 unless we raise additional capital.  The uncertainties surrounding our future cash inflows have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.





Significant components of the changes in cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to the same prior year period are as follows:





Cash Used In Operating Activities.  Cash used in operating activities is primarily driven by changes in our net loss.  However, cash used in operating activities generally differs from our reported net loss as a result of non-cash operating expenses or differences in the timing of cash flows as reflected in the changes in operating assets and liabilities.  During the nine months ended January 31, 2010, cash used in operating activities increased $1,069,000 to $9,737,000 compared to $8,668,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2009.  This increase in net cash used in operating activities was due to a net change in operating assets and payment or reduction of liabilities in the aggregate amount of $7,052,000 offset by a decrease of $5,983,000 in our net loss reported in the current nine-month period after taking into consideration non-cash operating expenses.  The increase in the net change in operating assets and payment or reduction of liabilities was primarily due to net changes associated with receivables, inventories, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue and deferred contract manufacturing revenue.  The decrease in our current nine-month period net loss was primarily due to current period increases in contract manufacturing revenue and government contract revenue offset by increases in cost of contract manufacturing, research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses.





29




The changes in operating activities as a result of non-cash operating expenses or differences in the timing of cash flows as reflected by the changes in operating assets and liabilities are as follows:





Nine Months EndedJanuary 31,

2010


January 31,

2009Net loss, as reported

$
(6,753,000
)

$
(12,915,000
)Less non-cash expenses and adjustments to net loss:Depreciation and amortization


337,000



385,000Share-based compensation


491,000



698,000Amortization of expenses paid in shares of common stock


-



255,000Amortization of discount on notes payable and debt issuance costs


343,000



61,000Loss on disposal of property


49,000



-Net cash used in operating activities before changes in operating assets and liabilities

$
(5,533,000
)

$
(11,516,000
)Net change in operating assets and liabilities

$
(4,204,000
)

$
2,848,000Net cash used in operating activities

$
(9,737,000
)

$
(8,668,000
)





Cash Used In Investing Activities.  Net cash used in investing activities increased $143,000 to $269,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to net cash used of $126,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2009.  This increase was primarily due to an increase in property acquisitions of $68,000 combined with a $95,000 increase in other assets primarily associated with an increase in deposits and/or progress payments for certain laboratory equipment and an increase in unbilled long-term receivables under our TMTI contract.  These increases in cash used in investing activities were offset with proceeds of $20,000 from the sale of property.





Cash Provided By Financing Activities.  Net cash provided by financing activities increased $12,311,000 to $16,825,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to net cash provided of $4,514,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2009.  During the nine months ended January 31, 2010, we received net proceeds under two separate At Market Issuance Sales Agreements, whereby we sold 5,313,220 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $17,913,000, net of commissions and issuance costs of $659,000.  This amount was supplemented with net proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $95,000, net of issuance costs of $1,000.  In the prior year period, we received net proceeds of $4,531,000 from notes payable under a loan and security agreement we entered into in December 2008, net of debt issuance costs of $469,000.  These increases in cash provided by financing activities were offset with aggregate principal payments on notes payable and capital leases of $1,183,000 for the nine months ended January 31, 2010 compared to principal payments of $17,000 paid in the same prior year period, or an increase of $1,166,000.  The increase in principal payments pertains to our $5 million term loan we secured in December 2008.





Commitments





At January 31, 2010, we had no material capital commitments.





30





ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK





Changes in United States interest rates would affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and interest expense on our outstanding notes payable, however, they would not have an affect on our capital leases, which have fixed interest rates and terms.





Based on our overall cash and cash equivalents interest rate exposure at January 31, 2010, a near-term change in interest rates, based on historical movements, would not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.





At January 31, 2010, we had an outstanding notes payable balance of $3,833,000 under a loan and security agreement, which bear interest at a monthly variable rate equal to the then current thirty (30) day LIBOR rate (set at a floor of 3%) plus 9%, which may expose us to market risk due to changes in interest rates.  However, based on current LIBOR interest rates, which are currently under the minimum floor set at 3% under our loan and security agreement and based on historical movements in LIBOR rates, we believe a near-term change in interest rates would not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.





ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES





The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.





The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2010, the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report.  Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of January 31, 2010.





There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting, during the quarter ended January 31, 2010, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.








PART II OTHER INFORMATION








ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.





In the ordinary course of business, we are at times subject to various legal proceedings and disputes.  We currently are not aware of any such legal proceedings or claim that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or cash flows.




31








ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS





The following risk factors update, and should be considered in addition to, the risk factors previously disclosed by us in Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.





If We Cannot Obtain Additional Funding, Our Product Development And Commercialization Efforts May Be Reduced Or Discontinued And We May Not Be Able To Continue Operations.





At January 31, 2010, we had $16,837,000 in cash and cash equivalents.  We have expended substantial funds on the research, development and clinical trials of our product candidates, and funding the operations of Avid.  As a result, we have historically experienced negative cash flows from operations since our inception and we expect to continue to experience negative cash flows from operations for the foreseeable future.  Our net losses incurred during the past three fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007 amounted to $16,524,000, $23,176,000, and $20,796,000, respectively.  Unless and until we are able to generate sufficient revenues from Avid’s contract manufacturing services and/or from the sale and/or licensing of our products under development, we expect such losses to continue for the foreseeable future.





Therefore, our ability to continue our clinical trials and development efforts is highly dependent on the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand combined with our ability to raise additional capital to support our future operations.  As discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, there exists substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.





We will need to raise additional capital through one or more methods, including but not limited to, issuing additional equity or debt, in order to support the costs of our research and development programs.





With respect to financing our operations through the issuance of equity, on July 14, 2009, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, File number 333-160572 (“July 2009 Shelf”), under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for gross proceeds of up to $50,000,000.  As of January 31, 2010, gross proceeds of up to $38,320,000 remained available under the July 2009 Shelf.





In addition, on July 14, 2009, we entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“July 2009 AMI Agreement”) with Wm Smith & Co., pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock through Wm Smith & Co., as agent, in registered transactions from the July 2009 Shelf for aggregate gross proceeds of up to $25,000,000.  Shares of common stock sold under this arrangement are to be sold at market prices.  We are obligated to pay Wm Smith & Co. a commission equal to 3% of the first $15,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and 2% of the next $10,000,000 in gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock.  As of January 31, 2010, we had sold 3,458,048 shares of common stock at market prices under the July 2009 AMI Agreement in exchange for gross proceeds of $11,680,000.





In addition to the above, we may also raise additional capital through additional equity offerings, licensing our products in development, or increasing revenue from our wholly owned subsidiary, Avid. While we will continue to explore these potential opportunities, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in raising sufficient capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, or that sufficient additional revenues will be generated from Avid or under potential licensing or partnering agreements to complete the research, development, and clinical testing of our product candidates.  Based on our current projections, which include projected revenues under signed contracts with existing customers of Avid, combined with the projected revenues from our government contract, we believe we have sufficient cash on hand combined with amounts expected to be received from Avid customers and from our government contract to meet our obligations as they become due through at least the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 ending October 31, 2010 based on current assumptions.  There are a number of uncertainties associated with our financial projections, including but not limited to, termination of third party or government contracts, technical challenges, or possible reductions in funding under our government contract, which could reduce or delay our future projected cash-inflows.  In addition, under our Loan Agreement (see Note 8 to the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements), in the event our government contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative is terminated or canceled for any reason, including reasons pertaining to budget cuts by the government or reduction in government funding for the program, we would be required to set aside cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to 80% of the outstanding loan balance in a restricted collateral account non-accessable by us.  In the event our projected cash-inflows are reduced or delayed or if we default on a loan covenant that limits our access to our available cash on hand, we might not have sufficient capital to operate our business through the second quarter of our fiscal year 2011 unless we raise additional capital.  The uncertainties surrounding our future cash inflows have raised substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern.




32





Our Outstanding Indebtedness To MidCap Financial LLC and BlueCrest Capital Finance, L.P. Imposes Certain Restrictions On How We Conduct Our Business.  In Addition, All Of Our Assets, Including Our Intellectual Property, Are Pledged To Secure This Indebtedness.  If We Fail To Meet Our Obligations To The Lenders, Our Payment Obligations May Be Accelerated And The Collateral Securing The Debt May Be Sold To Satisfy These Obligations.





Pursuant to a Loan and Security Agreement dated December 9, 2008 (the “Loan Agreement”), MidCap Financial LLC and BlueCrest Capital Finance, L.P. (the “Lenders”) have provided us a three-year, $5,000,000 working capital loan, which funded on December 19, 2008.  As of January 31, 2010, we have an outstanding principal balance of $3,833,000 under the Loan Agreement.  As collateral to secure our repayment obligations to the Lenders, we and our wholly-owned subsidiary, Avid Bioservices, Inc., have granted the Lenders a first priority security interest in generally all of our respective assets, including our intellectual property.





The Loan Agreement also contains various covenants that restrict our operating flexibility.  Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, we may not, among other things:




●
incur additional indebtedness, except for certain permitted indebtedness. Permitted indebtedness is defined to include accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business, leases of equipment or property incurred in the ordinary course of business not to exceed in the aggregate $100,000 outstanding at any one time;
 ●
incur additional liens on any of our assets except for certain permitted liens including but not limited to non-exclusive licenses of our intellectual property in the ordinary course of business and exclusive licenses of intellectual property provided they are approved by our board of directors and do not involve bavituximab or Cotara;
 ●
make any payment of subordinated debt, except as permitted under the applicable subordination or intercreditor agreement;
 ●
merge with or acquire any other entity, or sell all or substantially all of our assets, except as permitted under the Loan Agreement;
 ●
pay dividends (other than stock dividends) to our shareholders;
 ●
redeem any outstanding shares of our common stock or any outstanding options or warrants to purchase shares of our common stock except in connection with the repurchase of stock from former employees and consultants pursuant to share repurchase agreements provided such repurchases do not exceed $50,000 in the aggregate during any twelve-month period;
 ●
enter into transactions with affiliates other than on arms-length terms; and
 ●
make any change in any of our business objectives, purposes and operations which has or could be reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our business.





These provisions could have important consequences for us, including (i) making it more difficult for us to obtain additional debt financing from another lender, or obtain new debt financing on terms favorable to us, because a new lender will have to be willing to be subordinate to the lenders, (ii) causing us to use a portion of our available cash for debt repayment and service rather than other perceived needs and/or (iii) impacting our ability to take advantage of significant, perceived business opportunities.  Our failure to timely repay our obligations under the Loan Agreement or meet the covenants set forth in the Loan Agreement could give rise to a default under the agreement.  In the event of an uncured default, the Loan Agreement provides that all amounts owed to the Lender may be declared immediately due and payable and the Lenders have the right to enforce their security interest in the assets securing the Loan Agreement.  In such event, the Lenders could take possession of any or all of our assets in which they hold a security interest, and dispose of those assets to the extent necessary to pay off our debts, which would materially harm our business.




33





In The Event Our Contract With The TMTI Is Terminated, Our Loan Requires Us To Place A Significant Amount Of Our Cash In A Restricted Bank Account.





Under the terms of the Loan Agreement, if our contract with the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”) is terminated while any principal balance of the loan is outstanding, we will be required to at all times thereafter maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount of at least eighty percent (80%) of the then outstanding principal balance of the loan (or $3,067,000 as of January 31, 2010) in a restricted account over which we will not be permitted to make withdrawals or otherwise exercise control.





We Have Had Significant Losses And We Anticipate Future Losses.





We have incurred net losses in most fiscal years since we began operations in 1981.  The following table represents net losses incurred for the nine months ended January 31, 2010 and for each of the past three fiscal years:





Net LossNine months ended January 31, 2010 (unaudited)

$
6,753,000Fiscal Year 2009

$
16,524,000Fiscal Year 2008

$
23,176,000Fiscal Year 2007

$
20,796,000


As of January 31, 2010, we had an accumulated deficit of $254,113,000.  While we expect to continue to generate revenues from Avid’s contract manufacturing services, in order to achieve and sustain profitable operations, we must successfully develop and obtain regulatory approval for our products, either alone or with others, and must also manufacture, introduce, market and sell our products.  The costs associated with clinical trials and product manufacturing is very expensive and the time frame necessary to achieve market success for our products is long and uncertain.  We do not expect to generate product or royalty revenues for at least the next two years, and we may never generate product and/or royalty revenues sufficient to become profitable or to sustain profitability.




34





The Sale Of Substantial Shares Of Our Common Stock May Depress Our Stock Price.





As of January 31, 2010, there were 50,903,404 shares of our common stock outstanding.  Substantially all of these shares are eligible for trading in the public market, subject in some cases to volume and other limitations.  The market price of our common stock may decline if our common stockholders sell a large number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the market perceives that such sales may occur.





We could also issue up to 6,065,751 additional shares of our common stock that are reserved for future issuance under our stock option plans and for outstanding warrants, as further described in the following table:





Number of Shares

of Common Stock Reserved For IssuanceCommon shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding options or reserved for future option grants under our stock incentive plans



5,727,341Common shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants



338,410Total



6,065,751





In addition, the above table does not include shares of common stock that we have available to issue from the July 2009 Shelf, under which we may issue, from time to time, in one or more offerings, shares of our common stock for remaining gross proceeds of up to $38,320,000 as of January 31, 2010.





Of the total options and warrants outstanding as of January 31, 2010, 1,048,962 would be considered dilutive to stockholders because we would receive an amount per share which is less than the market price of our common stock at January 31, 2010.





In addition, we will need to raise substantial additional capital in the future to fund our operations.  If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the market price of our securities may decline and our existing stockholders may experience significant dilution.





Current Economic Conditions And Capital Markets Are In A Period Of Disruption And Instability Which Could Adversely Affect Our Ability To Access The Capital Markets, And Thus Adversely Affect Our Business And Liquidity.





The current economic conditions and financial crisis have had, and will continue to have, a negative impact on our ability to access the capital markets, and thus have a negative impact on our business and liquidity.  The shortage of liquidity and credit combined with the substantial losses in worldwide equity markets could lead to an extended worldwide recession.  We may face significant challenges if conditions in the capital markets do not improve.  Our ability to access the capital markets has been and continues to be severely restricted at a time when we need to access such markets, which could have a negative impact on our business plans, including our clinical trial programs and other research and development activities.  Even if we are able to raise capital, it may not be at a price or on terms that are favorable to us.  We cannot predict the occurrence of future disruptions or how long the current conditions may continue.





Our Highly Volatile Stock Price And Trading Volume May Adversely Affect The Liquidity Of Our Common Stock.





The market price of our common stock and the market prices of securities of companies in the biotechnology sector have generally been highly volatile and are likely to continue to be highly volatile.




35





The following table shows the high and low sales price and trading volume of our common stock for each quarter in the three fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, and our three fiscal quarters ended January 31, 2010:





Common Stock

Sales Price

Common Stock Daily Trading Volume

(000’s omitted)High

Low

High

LowFiscal Year 2010Quarter Ended January 31, 2010

$3.46

$2.51

1,384


49Quarter Ended October 31, 2009

$4.74

$2.74

2,243


64Quarter Ended July 31, 2009

$5.65

$1.85

7,345


39Fiscal Year 2009Quarter Ended April 30, 2009

$2.60

$1.52

702


14Quarter Ended January 31, 2009

$2.35

$1.10

260


19Quarter Ended October 31, 2008

$2.00

$1.15

263


15Quarter Ended July 31, 2008

$2.65

$1.54

599


21Fiscal Year 2008Quarter Ended April 30, 2008

$3.63

$1.75

769


26Quarter Ended January 31, 2008

$3.25

$1.75

622


28Quarter Ended October 31, 2007

$3.95

$2.70

526


34Quarter Ended July 31, 2007

$7.00

$3.60

4,331


47Fiscal Year 2007Quarter Ended April 30, 2007

$6.30

$4.30

1,243


82Quarter Ended January 31, 2007

$6.95

$5.45

860


41Quarter Ended October 31, 2006

$7.42

$5.60

752


55Quarter Ended July 31, 2006

$9.95

$6.50

4,758


86





The market price of our common stock may be significantly impacted by many factors, including, but not limited to:




●
announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors;
 ●
publicity regarding actual or potential clinical trial results relating to products under development by us or our competitors;
 ●
our financial results or that of our competitors, including our abilities to continue as a going concern;
 ●
the offering and sale of shares of our common stock at a discount under an equity transaction;
 ●
changes in our capital structure;
 ●
published reports by securities analysts;
 ●
announcements of licensing agreements, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and any other transaction that involves the sale or use of our technologies or competitive technologies;
 ●
developments and/or disputes concerning our patent or proprietary rights;
 ●
regulatory developments and product safety concerns;
 ●
general stock trends in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry sectors;
 ●
public concerns as to the safety and effectiveness of our products;
 ●
economic trends and other external factors, including but not limited to, interest rate fluctuations, economic recession, inflation, foreign market trends, national crisis, and disasters; and
 ●
healthcare reimbursement reform and cost-containment measures implemented by government agencies.




These and other external factors have caused and may continue to cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock, and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock.




36





The Liquidity Of Our Common Stock Will Be Adversely Affected If Our Common Stock Is Delisted From The NASDAQ Capital Market.





Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market.  To maintain inclusion on The NASDAQ Capital Market, we must continue to meet the following six listing requirements:





1.
Net tangible assets of at least $2,500,000 or market capitalization of at least $35,000,000 or net income of at least $500,000 in either our latest fiscal year or in two of our last three fiscal years;


2.
Public float of at least 500,000 shares;


3.
Market value of our public float of at least $1,000,000;


4.
A minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share of common stock, without falling below this minimum bid price for a period of thirty consecutive trading days;


5.
At least two market makers; and


6.
At least 300 stockholders, each holding at least 100 shares of common stock.





On July 25, 2007, we received a deficiency notice from The NASDAQ Stock Market notifying us that we had not met the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement for thirty consecutive trading days as required under NASDAQ listing rules and several extensions of time not to exceed November 11, 2009 to meet the $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement.  In order to regain compliance, at the close of business on October 16, 2009, we implemented a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of our outstanding common stock previously approved by our stockholders.  On November 3, 2009, the Company received a letter from the NASDAQ Market Listing Qualifications Department stating that the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price rule for the continued listing of its common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market.


Although we currently meet all NASDAQ listing requirements, the market price of our common stock has generally been highly volatile and we cannot guarantee that we will continue to maintain compliance with The NASDAQ Capital Market listing requirements.





If our common stock is ever delisted, we would apply to have our common stock quoted on the over-the-counter electronic bulletin board.  Upon any such delisting, our common stock would become subject to the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the market for penny stocks.  A penny stock, as defined by the Penny Stock Reform Act, is any equity security not traded on a national securities exchange that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share.  The penny stock regulations generally require that a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated therewith be delivered to purchasers of penny stocks and impose various sales practice requirements on broker-dealers who sell penny stocks to persons other than established customers and accredited investors.  The broker-dealer must make a suitability determination for each purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement prior to the sale.  In addition, the broker-dealer must make certain mandated disclosures, including the actual sale or purchase price and actual bid offer quotations, as well as the compensation to be received by the broker-dealer and certain associated persons.  The regulations applicable to penny stocks may severely affect the market liquidity for our common stock and could limit your ability to sell your securities in the secondary market.





37


Successful Development Of Our Products Is Uncertain.  To Date, No Revenues Have Been Generated From The Commercial Sale Of Our Products And Our Products May Not Generate Revenues In The Future.





Our development of current and future product candidates is subject to the risks of failure inherent in the development of new pharmaceutical products and products based on new technologies.  These risks include:





·
delays in product development, clinical testing or manufacturing;


·
unplanned expenditures in product development, clinical testing or manufacturing;


·
failure in clinical trials or failure to receive regulatory approvals;


·
emergence of superior or equivalent products;


·
inability to manufacture on our own, or through others, product candidates on a commercial scale;


·
inability to market products due to third party proprietary rights; and


·
failure to achieve market acceptance.





Because of these risks, our research and development efforts or those of our partners may not result in any commercially viable products.  If significant portions of these development efforts are not successfully completed, required regulatory approvals are not obtained, or any approved products are not commercially successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed.





Because we have not begun the commercial sale of any of our products, our revenue and profit potential is unproven and our limited operating history makes it difficult for an investor to evaluate our business and prospects.  Our technology may not result in any meaningful benefits to our current or potential partners.  No revenues have been generated from the commercial sale of our products, and our products may not generate revenues in the future.  Our business and prospects should be considered in light of the heightened risks and unexpected expenses and problems we may face as a company in an early stage of development in a new and rapidly evolving industry.





We Are Primarily Focusing Our Activities And Resources On The Development Of Bavituximab And Depend On Its Success.





We are focusing most of our near-term research and development activities and resources on bavituximab, and we believe a significant portion of the value of our Company relates to our ability to develop this drug candidate.  The development of bavituximab is subject to many risks, including the risks discussed in other risk factors.  If the results of clinical trials of bavituximab, the regulatory decisions affecting bavituximab, the anticipated or actual timing and plan for commercializing bavituximab, or, ultimately, the market acceptance of bavituximab do not meet our, your, analysts’ or others’ expectations, the market price of our common stock could be adversely affected.





Our Product Development Efforts May Not Be Successful.





Our product candidates have not received regulatory approval and are generally in research, pre-clinical and various clinical stages of development.  If the results from any of the clinical trials are poor, those results may adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital or obtain regulatory approval to conduct additional clinical trials, which will affect our ability to continue full-scale research and development for our antibody technologies.  In addition, our product candidates may take longer than anticipated to progress through clinical trials, or patient enrollment in the clinical trials may be delayed or prolonged significantly, thus delaying the clinical trials.  Patient enrollment is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to the clinical sites, and the eligibility criteria for the study.  In addition, because our Cotara® product currently in clinical trials represents a departure from more commonly used methods for cancer treatment, potential patients and their doctors may be inclined to use conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy, rather than enroll patients in our clinical study.




38





Clinical Trials Required For Our Product Candidates Are Expensive And Time Consuming, And Their Outcome Is Uncertain.





In order to obtain FDA approval to market a new drug product, we or our potential partners must demonstrate proof of safety and efficacy in humans.  To meet these requirements, we or our potential partners will have to conduct extensive pre-clinical testing and “adequate and well-controlled” clinical trials.  Conducting clinical trials is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process.  The length of time may vary substantially according to the type, complexity, novelty and intended use of the product candidate, and often can be several years or more per trial.  Delays associated with products for which we are directly conducting pre-clinical or clinical trials may cause us to incur additional operating expenses.  Moreover, we may continue to be affected by delays associated with the pre-clinical testing and clinical trials of certain product candidates conducted by our partners over which we have no control.  The commencement and rate of completion of clinical trials may be delayed by many factors, including, for example:





·
obtaining regulatory approval to commence a clinical trial;


·
reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective contract research organizations, or CROs, and trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and trial sites;


·
slower than expected rates of patient recruitment due to narrow screening requirements;


·
the inability of patients to meet FDA or other regulatory authorities imposed protocol requirements;


·
the inability to retain patients who have initiated a clinical trial but may be prone to withdraw due to various clinical or personal reasons, or who are lost to further follow-up;


·
the inability to manufacture sufficient quantities of qualified materials under current good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs, for use in clinical trials;


·
the need or desire to modify our manufacturing processes;


·
the inability to adequately observe patients after treatment;


·
changes in regulatory requirements for clinical trials;


·
the lack of effectiveness during the clinical trials;


·
unforeseen safety issues;


·
delays, suspension, or termination of the clinical trials due to the institutional review board responsible for overseeing the study at a particular study site; and


·
government or regulatory delays or “clinical holds” requiring suspension or termination of the trials.





Even if we obtain positive results from pre-clinical or initial clinical trials, we may not achieve the same success in future trials.  Clinical trials may not demonstrate statistically sufficient safety and effectiveness to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for product candidates employing our technology.





Clinical trials that we conduct or that third-parties conduct on our behalf may not demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy to obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for any of our product candidates.  We expect to commence new clinical trials from time to time in the course of our business as our product development work continues.  The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate safety and effectiveness for our desired indications could harm the development of that product candidate as well as other product candidates.  Any change in, or termination of, our clinical trials could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.





We Rely On Third Parties To Conduct Our Clinical Trials And Many Of Our Preclinical Studies.  If Those Parties Do Not Successfully Carry Out Their Contractual Duties Or Meet Expected Deadlines, Our Drug Candidates May Not Advance In A Timely Manner Or At All.





In the course of our discovery, preclinical testing and clinical trials, we rely on third parties, including universities, investigators and clinical research organizations, to perform critical services for us. For example, we rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials and many of our preclinical studies. Clinical research organizations and investigators are responsible for many aspects of the trials, including finding and enrolling patients for testing and administering the trials.  Although we rely on these third parties to conduct our clinical trials, we are responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance with its investigational plan and protocol.  Moreover, the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities require us to comply with regulations and standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices, or GCPs, for conducting, monitoring, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to ensure that the data and results are scientifically credible and accurate and that the trial subjects are adequately informed of the potential risks of participating in clinical trials.  Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of these responsibilities and requirements.  These third parties may not be available when we need them or, if they are available, may not comply with all regulatory and contractual requirements or may not otherwise perform their services in a timely or acceptable manner, and we may need to enter into new arrangements with alternative third parties and our clinical trials may be extended, delayed or terminated.  These independent third parties may also have relationships with other commercial entities, some of which may compete with us.  In addition, if such third parties fail to perform their obligations in compliance with our clinical trial protocols, our clinical trials may not meet regulatory requirements or may need to be repeated.  As a result of our dependence on third parties, we may face delays or failures outside of our direct control.  These risks also apply to the development activities of our collaborators, and we do not control our collaborators’ research and development, clinical trials or regulatory activities.  We do not expect any drugs resulting from our collaborators’ research and development efforts to be commercially available for many years, if ever.




39





In addition, we have prepaid research and development expenses to third parties that have been deferred and capitalized as pre-payments to secure the receipt of future preclinical and clinical research and development services.  These pre-payments are recognized as an expense in the period that the services are performed.  We assess our prepaid research and development expenses for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the prepaid expense may not be recoverable or provide a future economic benefit, including the risk of third party nonperformance.  If there are indicators that the third parties are unable to perform the research and development services, we may be required to take an impairment charge.





We Do Not Have Experience As a Company Conducting Large-Scale Clinical Trials, Or In Other Areas Required For The Successful Commercialization And Marketing Of Our Product Candidates.




Preliminary results from clinical trials of bavituximab may not be indicative of successful outcomes in later stage trials.  Negative or limited results from any current or future clinical trial could delay or prevent further development of our product candidates which would adversely affect our business.




We have no experience as a Company in conducting large-scale, late stage clinical trials, and our experience with early-stage clinical trials with small numbers of patients is limited.  In part because of this limited experience, we cannot be certain that planned clinical trials will begin or be completed on time, if at all.  Large-scale trials would require either additional financial and management resources, or reliance on third-party clinical investigators, clinical research organizations (“CROs”) or consultants.  Relying on third-party clinical investigators or CROs may force us to encounter delays that are outside of our control.  Any such delays could have a material adverse effect on our business.




We also do not currently have marketing and distribution capabilities for our product candidates. Developing an internal sales and distribution capability would be an expensive and time-consuming process.  We may enter into agreements with third parties that would be responsible for marketing and distribution.  However, these third parties may not be capable of successfully selling any of our product candidates.  The inability to commercialize and market our product candidates could materially affect our business.




Our International Clinical Trials May Be Delayed Or Otherwise Adversely Impacted By Social, Political And Economic Factors Affecting The Particular Foreign Country.





We are presently conducting clinical trials in India and the Republic of Georgia.  Our ability to successfully initiate, enroll and complete a clinical trial in either country, or in any future foreign country in which we may initiate a clinical trial, are subject to numerous risks unique to conducting business in foreign countries, including:





·
difficulty in establishing or managing relationships with clinical research organizations and physicians;


·
different standards for the conduct of clinical trials and/or health care reimbursement;


·
our inability to locate qualified local consultants, physicians, and partners;


·
the potential burden of complying with a variety of foreign laws, medical standards and regulatory requirements, including the regulation of pharmaceutical products and treatment; and


·
general geopolitical risks, such as political and economic instability, and changes in diplomatic and trade relations.




40





Because we will be conducting a number of our Phase II clinical trials in India and the Republic of Georgia and potentially other foreign countries, any disruption to our international clinical trial program could significantly delay our product development efforts.  In addition, doing business in the Republic of Georgia, which is in Eastern Europe, involves other significant risks which could materially and adversely affect our business as there remains a high degree of political instability in many parts of Eastern Europe.





Success In Early Clinical Trials May Not Be Indicative Of Results Obtained In Later Trials.





A number of new drugs and biologics have shown promising results in initial clinical trials, but subsequently failed to establish sufficient safety and effectiveness data to obtain necessary regulatory approvals.  Data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical activities are subject to varying interpretations, which may delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval.





Data from our pre-clinical studies and, Phase I and initial Phase II clinical trials should not be relied upon as evidence that later or larger-scale clinical trials will succeed.  The Phase I studies we have completed to date have been designed to primarily assess safety in a small number of patients.  In addition, the limited results we have obtained, and will obtain in the Phase II trials, may not predict results for any future studies and also may not predict future therapeutic benefit of our drug candidates.  We will be required to demonstrate through larger-scale clinical trials that bavituximab and Cotara® are safe and effective for use in a diverse population before we can seek regulatory approval for their commercial sale.  There is typically an extremely high rate of attrition from the failure of drug candidates proceeding through clinical trials.





In addition, regulatory delays or rejections may be encountered as a result of many factors, including changes in regulatory policy during the period of product development.





If We Successfully Develop Products But Those Products Do Not Achieve And Maintain Market Acceptance, Our Business Will Not Be Profitable.





Even if bavituximab, Cotara®, or any future product candidate is approved for commercial sale by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, the degree of market acceptance of any approved product candidate by physicians, healthcare professionals and third-party payors and our profitability and growth will depend on a number of factors, including:




●
our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and efficacy;
 ●
relative convenience and ease of administration;
 ●
the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects;
 ●
availability of alternative treatments;
 ●
pricing and cost effectiveness;
 ●
effectiveness of our or our collaborators’ sales and marketing strategy; and
 ●
our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage or reimbursement.





In addition, if bavituximab, Cotara®, or any future product candidate that we discover and develop does not provide a treatment regimen that is more beneficial than the current standard of care or otherwise provide patient benefit, that product likely will not be accepted favorably by the market.  If any products we may develop do not achieve market acceptance, then we may not generate sufficient revenue to achieve or maintain profitability.





In addition, even if our products achieve market acceptance, we may not be able to maintain that market acceptance over time if new products or technologies are introduced that are more favorably received than our products, are more cost effective or render our products obsolete.




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If We Cannot License Or Sell Cotara®, It May Be Delayed Or Never Be Further Developed.





We have completed initial Phase I and Phase I/II studies with Cotara® for the treatment of brain cancer.  In addition, we recently announced the completion of patient enrollment in a dose confirmation and dosimetry clinical trial in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”).  We are also currently conducting a Phase II safety and efficacy study using a single administration of the drug through an optimized delivery method. Taken together, the dose confirmation and dosimetry clinical trial along with data collected from the Phase II safety and efficacy study may provide the safety, dosimetry and efficacy data that will support the final design of the larger Phase III study.  Once we complete enrollment and collect data from the two Cotara® studies for the treatment of GBM, substantial financial resources will be needed to complete the final part of the trial and any additional supportive clinical studies necessary for potential product approval.  We do not presently have the financial resources internally to complete the larger Phase III study.  We therefore intend to continue to seek a licensing or funding partner for Cotara®, and hope that the data from our clinical studies will enhance our opportunities of finding such partner.  If a partner is not found for this technology, we may not be able to advance the project past its current state of development.  Because there are a limited number of companies which have the financial resources, the internal infrastructure, the technical capability and the marketing infrastructure to develop and market a radiopharmaceutical based oncology drug, we may not find a suitable partnering candidate for Cotara®.  We also cannot ensure that we will be able to find a suitable licensing partner for this technology.  Furthermore, we cannot ensure that if we do find a suitable licensing partner, the financial terms that they propose will be acceptable to the Company.





Our Dependency On Our Radiolabeling Suppliers May Negatively Impact Our Ability To Complete Clinical Trials And Market Our Products.





We have procured our antibody radioactive isotope combination services (“radiolabeling”) for Cotara® with Iso-tex Diagnostics, Inc. for all U.S. clinical trials and with the Board of Radiation & Isotope Technology (“BRIT”) for our Phase II study in India.  If either of these suppliers is unable to continue to qualify its respective facility or radiolabel and supply our antibody in a timely manner, our current clinical trials using radiolabeling technology could be adversely affected and significantly delayed.  While there are other suppliers for radioactive isotope combination services in the U.S., our clinical trial would be delayed for up to twelve to eighteen months because it may take that amount of time to certify a new facility under current Good Manufacturing Practices and qualify the product, plus we would incur significant costs to transfer our technology to another vendor.  In addition, the number of facilities that can perform these radiolabeling services is very limited.  Prior to commercial distribution of any of our products, if approved, we will be required to identify and contract with a company for commercial antibody manufacturing and radioactive isotope combination services.  An antibody that has been combined with a radioactive isotope, such as Iodine-131, cannot be stored for long periods of time, as it must be used within one week of being radiolabeled to be effective.  Accordingly, any change in our existing or future contractual relationships with, or an interruption in supply from, any such third-party service provider or antibody supplier could negatively impact our ability to complete ongoing clinical trials conducted by us or a potential licensing partner.





Our Manufacturing Facilities May Not Continue To Meet Regulatory Requirements And Have Limited Capacity.





Before approving a new drug or biologic product, the FDA requires that the facilities at which the product will be manufactured be in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMP requirements.  To be successful, our therapeutic products must be manufactured for development and, following approval, in commercial quantities, in compliance with regulatory requirements and at acceptable costs.  Currently, we manufacture all pre-clinical and clinical material through Avid Bioservices, our wholly owned subsidiary.  While we believe our current facilities are adequate for the manufacturing of product candidates for clinical trials, our facilities may not be adequate to produce sufficient quantities of any products for commercial sale.




42





If we are unable to establish and maintain a manufacturing facility or secure third-party manufacturing capacity within our planned time frame and cost parameters, the development and sales of our products, if approved, may be materially harmed.





We may also encounter problems with the following:




●
production yields;
 ●
quality control and quality assurance;
 ●
shortages of qualified personnel;
 ●
compliance with FDA or other regulatory authorities regulations, including the demonstration of purity and potency;
 ●
changes in FDA or other regulatory authorities requirements;
 ●
production costs; and/or
 ●
development of advanced manufacturing techniques and process controls.





In addition, we or any third-party manufacturer will be required to register the manufacturing facilities with the FDA and other regulatory authorities, provided it had not already registered.  The facilities will be subject to inspections confirming compliance with cGMP or other regulations.  If any of our third-party manufacturers or we fail to maintain regulatory compliance, the FDA can impose regulatory sanctions including, among other things, refusal to approve a pending application for a new drug product or biologic product, or revocation of a pre-existing approval.  As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed.





We Currently Depend On A Government Contract To Partially Fund Our Research And Development Efforts.  If Our Current Government Funding Is Reduced Or Delayed, Our Drug Development Efforts May Be Negatively Affected.





On June 30, 2008, we were awarded up to a five-year contract potentially worth up to $44.4 million to test and develop bavituximab and an equivalent fully human antibody as potential broad-spectrum treatments for viral hemorrhagic fever infections.  The initial contract was awarded through the Transformational Medical Technologies Initiative (“TMTI”) of the U.S. Department of Defense's Defense Threat Reduction Agency (“DTRA”).  This federal contract is expected to provide us with up to $22.3 million in funding over a 24-month base period, with $19.4 million having been appropriated as of January 31, 2010.  The remainder of the $22.3 million in funding is expected to be appropriated over the remainder of the two-year base period ending June 29, 2010.  Subject to the progress of the program and budgetary considerations in future years, the contract can be extended by the TMTI beyond the base period to cover up to $44.4 million in total funding over the five-year contract period through three one-year option terms.  Work under this contract commenced on June 30, 2008.  If we do not receive the expected funding under this contract, we may not be able to develop therapeutics to treat hemorrhagic fever virus infection nor otherwise receive the other indirect benefits that may be derived from receipt of the full funding under this contract.




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Federal Government Contracts Contain Provisions Giving Government Customers A Variety Of Rights That Are Unfavorable To Us, Including The Ability To Terminate A Contract At Any Time For Convenience.





Federal government contracts, such as our contract with the TMTI, contain provisions, and are subject to laws and regulations, that give the government rights and remedies not typically found in commercial contracts. These provisions may allow the government to:





●
Reduce, cancel,  or otherwise modify our contracts or related subcontract agreements;
 ●
Decline to exercise an option to renew a multi-year contract;
 ●
Claim rights in products and systems produced by us;
 ●
Prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency as a result of a finding of an organizational conflict of interest based upon prior related work performed for the agency that would give a contractor an unfair advantage over competing contractors;
 ●
Subject the award of contracts to protest by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest;
 ●
Suspend or debar us from doing business with the federal government or with a governmental agency; and
 ●
Control or prohibit the export of our products and services.


If the government terminates our contract for convenience, we may recover only our incurred or committed costs, settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. If the government terminates our contract for default, we may not recover even those amounts, and instead may be liable for excess costs incurred by the government in procuring undelivered items and services from another source. If the TMTI were to unexpectedly terminate or cancel, or decline to exercise the option to extend our contract beyond the base period, our revenues, product development efforts and operating results would be materially harmed.





We May Have Significant Product Liability Exposure Because We Maintain Only Limited Product Liability Insurance.





We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the administration of one of our drugs during a clinical trial adversely affects or causes the death of a patient.  Although we maintain product liability insurance for clinical studies in the amount of $3,000,000 per occurrence or $3,000,000 in the aggregate on a claims-made basis, this coverage may not be adequate.  Product liability insurance is expensive, difficult to obtain and may not be available in the future on acceptable terms, if at all.  Our inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage on reasonable terms or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims in excess of our insurance coverage, if any, or a product recall, could negatively impact our financial position and results of operations.





In addition, the contract manufacturing services that we offer through Avid expose us to an inherent risk of liability as the antibodies or other substances manufactured by Avid, at the request and to the specifications of our customers, could possibly cause adverse effects or have product defects.  We obtain agreements from our customers indemnifying and defending us from any potential liability arising from such risk.  There can be no assurance that such indemnification agreements will adequately protect us against potential claims relating to such contract manufacturing services or protect us from being named in a possible lawsuit.  Although Avid has procured insurance coverage, there is no guarantee that we will be able to maintain our existing coverage or obtain additional coverage on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against all potential claims to which we might be exposed.  A partially successful or completely uninsured claim against Avid would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operations.





If We Are Unable To Obtain, Protect And Enforce Our Patent Rights, We May Be Unable To Effectively Protect Or Exploit Our Proprietary Technology, Inventions And Improvements.





Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain, protect and enforce commercially valuable patents.  We try to protect our proprietary positions by filing United States and foreign patent applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements that are important to developing our business.  However, if we fail to obtain and maintain patent protection for our proprietary technology, inventions and improvements, our competitors could develop and commercialize products that would otherwise infringe upon our patents.




44





Our patent position is generally uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions.  Legal standards relating to the validity and scope of claims in the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical fields are still evolving.  Accordingly, the degree of future protection for our patent rights is uncertain.  The risks and uncertainties that we face with respect to our patents include the following:




●
the pending patent applications we have filed or to which we have exclusive rights may not result in issued patents or may take longer than we expect to result in issued patents;
 ●
the claims of any patents that issue may not provide meaningful protection;
 ●
we may be unable to develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable;
 ●
the patents licensed or issued to us may not provide a competitive advantage;
 ●
other parties may challenge patents licensed or issued to us;
 ●
disputes may arise regarding the invention and corresponding ownership rights in inventions and know-how resulting from the joint creation or use of intellectual property by us, our licensors, corporate partners and other scientific collaborators; and
 ●
other parties may design around our patented technologies.





We May Become Involved In Lawsuits To Protect Or Enforce Our Patents That Would Be Expensive And Time Consuming.





In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may initiate patent litigation against third parties.  In addition, we may become subject to interference or opposition proceedings conducted in patent and trademark offices to determine the priority and patentability of inventions.  The defense of intellectual property rights, including patent rights through lawsuits, interference or opposition proceedings, and other legal and administrative proceedings, would be costly and divert our technical and management personnel from their normal responsibilities.  An adverse determination of any litigation or defense proceedings could put our pending patent applications at risk of not being issued.





Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential information could be compromised by disclosure during this type of litigation.  For example, during the course of this kind of litigation, confidential information may be inadvertently disclosed in the form of documents or testimony in connection with discovery requests, depositions or trial testimony.  This disclosure could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial results.





We May Not Be Able To Compete With Our Competitors In The Biotechnology Industry Because Many Of Them Have Greater Resources Than We Do And They Are Further Along In Their Development Efforts.




The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry is intensely competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change.  Many of the drugs that we are attempting to discover or develop will be competing with existing therapies.  In addition, we are aware of several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies actively engaged in research and development of antibody-based products that have commenced clinical trials with, or have successfully commercialized, antibody products.  Some or all of these companies may have greater financial resources, larger technical staffs, and larger research budgets than we have, as well as greater experience in developing products and running clinical trials.  We expect to continue to experience significant and increasing levels of competition in the future.  In addition, there may be other companies which are currently developing competitive technologies and products or which may in the future develop technologies and products that are comparable or superior to our technologies and products.




We are currently enrolling patients in a Cotara Phase II ® clinical trial for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”), the most aggressive form of brain cancer.  Approved treatments for brain cancer include the Gliadel® Wafer (polifeprosan 20 with carmustine implant) from Eisai, Inc., Temodar® (temozolomide) from Schering-Plough Corporation and Avastin® (bevacizumab) from Genentech, Inc.  Gliadel® is inserted in the tumor cavity following surgery and releases a chemotherapeutic agent over time.  Temodar® is administered orally to patients with brain cancer.  Avastin® is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor to prevent the formation of new tumor blood vessels.




45




Because Cotara® targets brain tumors from the inside out, it is a novel treatment dissimilar from other drugs in development for this disease.  Some products in development may compete with Cotara® should they become approved for marketing.  These products include, but are not limited to:  131I-TM601, a radiolabeled chlorotoxin peptide being developed by TransMolecular, Inc., CDX-110, a peptide vaccine under development by Celldex, cilengitide, an integrin-targeting peptide being evaluated by Merck KGaA, and cediranib, a VEGFR tyrosine kinase inibitor being developed by AstraZeneca.  In addition, oncology products marketed for other indications such as Gleevec® (Novartis), Tarceva® (Genentech/OSI), and Nexavar® (Bayer), are being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of brain cancer.




Bavituximab is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced solid tumors.  Although we are not aware of any other products in development targeting phosphatidylserine as a potential therapy for advanced solid tumors, there are a number of possible competitors with approved or developmental targeted agents used in combination with standard chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer, including but not limited to, Avastin® by Genentech, Inc., Gleevec® by Novartis, Tarceva® by OSI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Genentech, Inc., Erbitux® by ImClone Systems Incorporated and Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Rituxan® and Herceptin® by Genentech, Inc., and Vectibix® by Amgen.  There are a significant number of companies developing cancer therapeutics using a variety of targeted and non-targeted approaches.  A direct comparison of these potential competitors will not be possible until bavituximab advances to later-stage clinical trials.





In addition, we are evaluating bavituximab for the treatment of HCV.  Bavituximab is a first-in-class approach for the treatment of HCV.  We are aware of no other products in development targeting phosphatidylserine as a potential therapy for HCV.  There are a number of companies that have products approved and on the market for the treatment of HCV, including but not limited to:  Peg-Intron® (pegylated interferon-alpha-2b), Rebetol® (ribavirin), and Intron-A (interferon-alpha-2a), which are marketed by Schering-Plough Corporation, and Pegasys® (pegylated interferon-alpha-2a), Copegus® (ribavirin USP) and Roferon-A® (interferon-alpha-2a), which are marketed by Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Infergen® (interferon alfacon-1) now marketed by Three Rivers Pharmaceuticals, LLC.  First line treatment for HCV has changed little since alpha interferon was first introduced in 1991.  The current standard of care for HCV includes a combination of an alpha interferon (pegylated or non-pegylated) with ribavirin.  This combination therapy is generally associated with considerable toxicity including flu-like symptoms, hematologic changes and central nervous system side effects including depression.  It is not uncommon for patients to discontinue alpha interferon therapy because they are unable to tolerate the side effects of the treatment.





Future treatments for HCV are likely to include a combination of these existing products used as adjuncts with products now in development.  Later-stage developmental treatments include improvements to existing therapies, such as ZALBINTM (albumin interferon alpha-2b) from Human Genome Sciences, Inc.  Other developmental approaches include, but are not limited to, protease inhibitors such as telaprevir from Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated and boceprevir from Schering-Plough Corporation.





Avid Bioservices, Our Subsidiary, Is Exposed To Risks Resulting From Its Small Customer Base.





A significant portion of Avid Bioservices’ revenues have historically been derived from a small customer base.  These customers typically do not enter into long-term contracts because their need for drug supply depends on a variety of factors, including the drug’s stage of development, their financial resources, and, with respect to commercial drugs, demand for the drug in the market.  Our results of operations could be adversely affected if revenue from any one of our primary customers is significantly reduced or eliminated.




46





If We Lose Qualified Management And Scientific Personnel Or Are Unable To Attract And Retain Such Personnel, We May Be Unable To Successfully Develop Our Products Or We May Be Significantly Delayed In Developing Our Products.





Our success is dependent, in part, upon a limited number of key executive officers, each of whom is an at-will employee, and also upon our scientific researchers.  For example, because of his extensive understanding of our technologies and product development programs, the loss of Mr. Steven W. King, our President & Chief Executive Officer and Director, would adversely affect our development efforts and clinical trial programs during the six to twelve month period that we estimate it would take to find and train a qualified replacement.





We also believe that our future success will depend largely upon our ability to attract and retain highly-skilled research and development and technical personnel.  We face intense competition in our recruiting activities, including competition from larger companies with greater resources.  We do not know if we will be successful in attracting or retaining skilled personnel.  The loss of certain key employees or our inability to attract and retain other qualified employees could negatively affect our operations and financial performance.





Our Governance Documents And State Law Provide Certain Anti-Takeover Measures Which Will Discourage A Third Party From Seeking To Acquire Us Unless Approved By the Board of Directors.





We adopted a shareholder rights plan, commonly referred to as a “poison pill,” on March 16, 2006.  The purpose of the shareholder rights plan is to protect stockholders against unsolicited attempts to acquire control of us that do not offer a fair price to our stockholders as determined by our Board of Directors.  Under the plan, the acquisition of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock by any person or group, unless approved by our board of directors, will trigger the right of our stockholders (other than the acquiror of 15% or more of our common stock) to acquire additional shares of our common stock, and, in certain cases, the stock of the potential acquiror, at a 50% discount to market price, thus significantly increasing the acquisition cost to a potential acquiror.  In addition, our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain certain additional anti-takeover protective devices.  For example,





·
no stockholder action may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote; solicitations by consent are thus prohibited;


·
special meetings of stockholders may be called only by our Board of Directors; and


·
our Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to fix the rights and preferences, and issue shares, of preferred stock. An issuance of preferred stock with dividend and liquidation rights senior to the common stock and convertible into a large number of shares of common stock could prevent a potential acquiror from gaining effective economic or voting control.





Further, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law which, subject to certain exceptions, restricts certain transactions and business combinations between a corporation and a stockholder owning 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock for a period of three years from the date the stockholder becomes a 15% stockholder.





Although we believe these provisions and our rights plan collectively provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors, they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders.  In addition, these provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our Board of Directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.







47


ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.   None.





ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.   None.


ITEM 4.
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.   None.





ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION.   None.





ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS.





(a)
Exhibits:





31.1
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.





31.2
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.





32
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.






48





SIGNATURES





Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.








PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.Date: March 11, 2010
By:
/s/ STEVEN W. KINGSteven W. KingPresident, Chief Executive Officer, and Director






PEREGRINE PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.Date: March 11, 2010
By:
/s/ PAUL J. LYTLEPaul J. Lytle(signed both as an officer duly authorized to sign on behalf of the Registrant and principal financial officer and chief accounting officer)
   
 49