CBM-DTC TOOLBOX USER’S MANUAL

Authors

Eric T. Sajtar M.S.

David M. Bagley Ph.D. P.E.

Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering

University of Wyoming

February 7, 2008
2

1. Overview

The Coalbed Methane-Demineralization Treatment Cost (CBM-DTC) toolbox has been

developed to predict the costs associated with treating Powder River Basin (PRB) coalbed

methane (CBM) waters based on influent water characteristics, effluent water requirements, and

the capabilities of selected technologies. The costs predicted by the toolbox should not be

considered to be the exact costs, but approximations.

The toolbox is constructed in Visual Basic with the user interface being Excel based. This

configuration keeps the user interface relatively small with respect to the size of the logic

required to perform required calculations, thus minimizing spreadsheet calculations and the

probability of user created errors. The presence of visual basic macros are identified by a series

of buttons located throughout the spreadsheet (Table 1).

Table 1: Technology and brine management user interface with buttons shown under “Click to

Select a Technology” and “Click to Select Brine Management”. Numbers shown are for example

only.

Technology Output: Brine Output:

Annual Per bbl

Electric $468,278 $0.013

Labor $426,888 $0.012

Chemical $2,228,356 $0.061

Membrane/Parts $791,522 $0.022

Resin $0 $0.000

Iron Pretreatment $251,136 $0.007

Total O&M $4,166,181 $0.114

Total Capital $5,347,150 $0.015 Total, $/bbl of brine $5.00

Total w/o Brine $0.129 Brine Cost/bbl of Qi $0.171

Click to Select a Technology Click to Select Brine Management

Total Treatment Cost

Reverse Osmosis

Deep Well

Injection

$0.300

IX HCl IX H2SO4 EDR HEEPM RO

Deep Well

Injection

Evap/Cryst.

Evap.

Pond
3

To use the toolbox the user must answer a series of questions by entering an answer in

the adjacent cell. Then to run a specific macro the user must hit enter then click the mouse on the

necessary button. The results will then be displayed in the output portion of the spreadsheet.

Detailed instructions for using the toolbox are discussed in the following sections. Examples 1, 2

and 3 at the end of this manual give step by step instructions for using the toolbox.

2. Influent and Effluent

Default influent and effluent water characteristics data have been embedded into the

toolbox for users who do not know these parameters (Appendix A). The user may select and use

these data when running analyses by answering a series of questions at the top of the

spreadsheet. The series of questions and flow of logic through this part of the toolbox are

illustrated in Figure 1.

The user is first asked to input the water flow rate to the facility in bbl/day. The user is

then asked if the influent water chemistry is known. The user enters “yes” or “no” in the adjacent

cell (Use only lower case letters). The user then clicks the button that reads “Influent Data”. If

“yes” was entered the user knows the influent water chemistry, and the influent water constituent

values will be set to zero. The user then enters the known water chemistry (TDS is a required

input). The toolbox will approximate values for all constituent concentrations that are not known

except TDS. TDS must be entered for the toolbox to perform. To conduct the approximation, the

toolbox multiplies the entered TDS concentration by the ratio of the unknown constituent with

respect to the TDS based on the average concentrations of constituents in PRB CBM waters

(Appendix A).
4

Figure 1: Toolbox logic to specify influent and effluent water characteristics.

If the user does not know the influent water characteristics he/she enters “no” in the

adjacent cell. The user is then asked, “In what watershed are the wells are located?” The user has

Do you know the

influent water

characteristics?

YES

NO

In what

watershed are the

wells located?

Input influent water

Characteristics

Do you want to use

high, low, or average

concentrations?

Influent water

Characteristics

Do you know the

desired effluent water

characteristics?

Input effluent water

Characteristics

YES

NO

•Surface Discharge (1)

•Drinking water (2)

•Irrigation (3)

•Livestock (4)

•EOR (5)

•Cooling Water (6)

Effluent Water

Characteristics

•Cheyenne (1)

•Belle Fourche (2)

•Little Powder (3)

•Powder (4)

•Tongue (5)

What is the water

flow rate, bbl/day?

How will the

water be used?

Do you want to

use more or less

stringent values?

•Less (1)

•More (2)

•Average (1)

•High (2)

•Low (3)
5

the option of selecting either the Cheyenne, Belle Fourche, Little Powder, Powder, or Tongue

River watershed by entering 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 in the adjacent cell. The user is then asked “Do you

want to use average, high, or low concentrations?” These are the average, high, and low

concentrations for the different watersheds found in Table A-1 (see Appendix A), and are

selected by entering 1, 2, or 3 in the adjacent cells. The user then clicks the influent data button

which brings the appropriate concentrations to the user interface.

Next, the user is asked, “Do you know the effluent water characteristics?”. If the answer

is “yes”, the user enters “yes” in the adjacent cell and then clicks the effluent data button. This

will zero all effluent concentrations so the user can enter the effluent water requirements as nonzero and non-negative values. If a value is blank, zero, or negative the toolbox will assume the

constituent is not regulated and make the value equal to the influent value. If the user answers

“no” (effluent characteristics are unknown), then the user is asked, “How will the water be

used?” The user has the option of surface discharge, drinking water, irrigation, livestock,

enhanced oil recovery, or cooling water by entering 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 into the adjacent cell. The

user is then asked, “Do you want to use more or less stringent values?” The user makes a

selection by entering 2 or 1 in the adjacent cell, and retrieves effluent values by hitting ENTER

and clicking the effluent data button.

3. Technologies

3.1 Input

Macros that determine technical and economic performance have been constructed for

each of the following demineralization technologies: reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis

reversal (EDR), high efficiency electro-pressure membranes (HEEPM), ion exchange with

hydrochloric acid regeneration (IX HCl), and ion exchange with sulfuric acid regeneration (IX
6

H2SO4). To analyze one of the included technologies hit ENTER to ensure no cells are selected

then click the button with the technology’s name on it.

The user has the option, but is not required, to input some parameters that may be

important to the costs associated with a technology. Optional user input includes: electrical cost

($/kW-hr), sulfuric acid cost ($/ton), hydrochloric acid cost ($/ton), facility life (yrs), ion

exchange run time (hrs), and brine disposal cost ($/bbl of brine). If the user does not input values

for these parameters the default values listed in Table 2 will be used.

Table 2: Toolbox default economic parameters.

Parameter Value Source

Electric $0.07/kW-hr Beagle (2007)

HCl

a

$225/ton Brainerd (2007)

H2SO4

a

$135/ton Brainerd (2007)

IX Run Time 20 hr Beardsley (1994)

Facility Life 20 yr

a HCl and H2SO4 are 36% and 98% pure by weight, respectively.

3.2 Output

The toolbox output is below the toolbox input on the spreadsheet. Toolbox output

includes: treated water, blended water and brine concentrations; feed, bypass, brine and final

flow rates; itemized operating costs, capital costs, and overall treatment cost in $/bbl of water

entering the facility.

Other output is displayed with input data. These output include a column that specifies if

the water must be treated to meet an effluent requirement for each constituent. Unknown

influent concentration approximations and unspecified effluent concentrations are output as well.

The toolbox calculates the treated water constituent concentrations based on the

technology’s treatment capabilities and the influent water concentrations. The final treated water
7

fraction () is determined for each constituent from the treated water concentrations and the

desired effluent concentrations. The limiting constituent (constituent that leads to the highest

final treated water fraction) or constituent for which the water is being blended to meet a desired

effluent concentration is then output. If the selected technology can not treat the water to the

desired effluent criteria “LIMIT!!!” will appear under the effluent exceeded column in the row of

the constituent for which the effluent requirement is not being achieved.

With the final treated water fraction known, flow rates are determined. The feed and

brine flow rates are determined with the technology’s water recovery rate (r) and other flow

rates. The flows output include: treated water, bypass water, feed, brine, and final (treated plus

bypass). The initial treated fraction is also determined. Pretreatment residual flow is neglected.

Treatment costs are determined based on the feed flow rate. Amortized treatment costs

are output in both dollars per year and dollars per barrel of water entering the facility. Costs that

are output include: electrical, labor, chemical (which includes alkalinity removal), membrane

replacement, resin replacement, iron removal pretreatment, total operating, and total capital.

Additionally, the total cost per barrel of water entering the facility is determined. The capital cost

per bbl of water entering the facility is amortized assuming straight line depreciation over the

lifetime of the facility.

4. Brine

4.1 Input

Brine disposal / management costs are calculated separately from treatment costs. After

the user has selected a treatment technology, a brine management option must be selected

otherwise the brine management cost will not be included in the total treatment cost. A brine

management option is selected by clicking one of the buttons under “Click to Select Brine
8

Management”. The user has the option of selecting deep well injection, evaporation with

crystallization, or evaporation pond brine management.

There are optional user inputs for brine management. These are located at the top right of

the spreadsheet. Optional inputs include: deep well injection cost ($/bbl of brine), evaporation

rate (ft/yr), evaporation pond unit cost ($/ft

2

), brine facility life (yrs), and electrical cost ($/kWhr). Default values with references for optional input are outlined in Table 3.

Table 3: Toolbox default brine management economic parameters with source

Parameter Value Source

Deep Well Injection Cost $5.00/bbl of brine Miers (2007)

Evaporation Rate 4.06 ft/yr Urruty (2007)

Evaporation Pond Unit Cost $1.83/ft

2 Urruty (2007)

Brine Facility Life 5 yr

Electric $0.07/kW-hr Beagle (2007)

4.2 Output

Once a brine management option is selected (after a treatment technology has been

selected) the toolbox calculates the total cost to treat the water entering the facility. This is output

below the technology and brine output.

The toolbox also calculates different parameters for the brine management option

selected. The cost per bbl of brine ($/bbl) and cost per bbl of water entering the facility ($/bbl) is

the only output for deep well injection. Evaporation pond output includes: the required

evaporative area (ft

2

), the pond depth (assumed to be 1.5 ft [Mickley, 2001]), the evaporation

rate (bbl/yr), operating cost ($/bbl of brine), capital cost ($), total cost per bbl of brine ($/bbl) and

brine management cost per bbl of water entering the facility ($/bbl). Evaporation with

crystallization output includes: evaporator and crystallizer capital cost ($), and operating and
9

maintenance cost ($/bbl), in addition to, the total cost per bbl of brine ($/bbl) and brine cost per

bbl of water entering the facility ($/bbl).
10

5. EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1

The purpose of example 1 is for the user to become familiar with the user interface of CBMDTC Toolbox and accessing default data. Follow the steps below and check the results with

those provided below.

1) Water flow rate (Qi) is the water entering the facility and equal to 10000 bbl/day. Enter

10000 without commas in the following cell: row 2 column 6. This is cell (2, 6).

2) Influent characteristics are unknown... Enter the word “no” in cell (3, 6). Use only

lower case letters.

3) Use Powder River water data...Enter 4 in cell (4, 6)

4) Use high values...Enter 2 in cell (5, 6) and

5) Hit ENTER

6) Click on “Influent Data” button

The results shown under the "Influent Data" button should be the same as Table 4.

7) Effluent characteristics are unknown... Enter the word “no” in cell (6, 6). Use only lower

case letters.

8) Water will be used as surface discharge... Enter 1 in cell (7, 6)

9) Use less stringent values... Enter 1 in cell (8, 6)

10) Hit ENTER

11) Click on “Effluent Data” button

Results will appear under the "Effluent Data" button but there will be blanks

12) Select Ion Exchange with hydrochloric acid regeneration...Click button

Now the full set of results will appear under the "Effluent Data" button.

The unspecified effluent data has been set equal to the influent data (Table 4).

13) Select Deep Well Injection brine management...Click button

14) Get output... Cost output should be equal to values in Table 5, and technical output

should be equal to values in Table 6.

IX HCl

Deep Well

Injection

Influent Data

Effluent Data
11

Table 4: Example 1 Influent and Effluent Input/Output

TDS 2340 mg/L TDS 5000 mg/L

F

-

1400 μg/L F

-

4000 μg/L

Cl

–

18 mg/L Cl

–

230 mg/L

SO4

2–

8 mg/L SO4

2–

3000 mg/L

Br 11 μg/L Br 11 μg/L

Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 2320 mg/L Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 2320 mg/L

NH4

+

5 mg/L NH4

+

5 mg/L

Ca

2+

35 mg/L Ca

2+

35 mg/L

K 18 mg/L K 18 mg/L

Mg

2+

28 mg/L Mg

2+

28 mg/L

Na

+

800 mg/L Na

+

350 mg/L

Ba

2+

750 μg/L Ba

2+

1800 μg/L

Fe 2800 μg/L Fe 1000 μg/L

Si 7 mg/L Si 7 mg/L

Sr 840 μg/L Sr 840 μg/L

Al 11 μg/L Al 750 μg/L

As 5 μg/L As 150 μg/L

Se 1 μg/L Se 1 μg/L

B 89 μg/L B 89 μg/L

Cu 24 μg/L Cu 13 μg/L

Mo 3 μg/L Mo 3 μg/L

Mn 29 μg/L Mn 820 μg/L

Cr 84 μg/L Cr 84 μg/L

Zn 27 μg/L Zn 97 μg/L

Influent Data Effluent Data

Table 5: Example 1 cost output

Technology Output: Brine Output:

Annual Per bbl

Electric $298 $0.000

Labor $9,320 $0.003

Chemical $411,935 $0.113

Membrane/Parts $0 $0.000

Resin $12,525 $0.003

Iron Pretreatment $0 $0.000

Total O&M $434,077 $0.119

Total Capital $754,578 $0.010 Total, $/bbl of brine $5.00

Total w/o Brine $0.129 Brine Cost/bbl of Qi $0.064

Click to Select a Technology Click to Select Brine Management

Total Treatment Cost, $/bbl Qi

Ion Exchange w/ 10%

HCl

Deep Well

Injection

$0.194

IX HCl IX H2SO4 EDR HEEPM RO Deep Well

Injection

Evap/Cryst.

Evap.

Pond
Table 6: Example 1 technical output

Constituent Unit Treated conc. brine conc.

Final

Conc.

Final treated

fraction

Limiting

Constituent

Effluent

Exceeded Flows

TDS mg/L 35 75528 858 Initial TreateF – μg/L 1400 0 1400 Feed flow Cl– mg/L 18 101909 18 Bypass flow SO42– mg/L 8 0 8 Brine flow Br μg/L 11 0 11 Final water fAlk. mg/L as CaCO3 0 0 829 %Feed flow wNH4+ mg/L 0 157 2 %Feed flow bCa2+ mg/L 0 1146 13K mg/L 0 589 6Mg2+ mg/L 0 917 10Na+ mg/L 0 26195 286 0.563Ba2+ μg/L 0 24558 268Fe μg/L 0 91683 1000 0.643 FeSi mg/L 7 0 7Sr μg/L 0 27505 300Al μg/L 0 360 4As μg/L 0 154 2Se μg/L 1 1 1B μg/L 89 0 89Cu μg/L 0 786 9 0.450Mo μg/L 0 82 1Mn μg/L 0 950 10Cr μg/L 0 2747 30Zn μg/L 0 881 10SAR #DIV/0! 140 15

Technical Output

Note: In Table 6 iron has the highest final treated fraction and is the limiting constituent (the constituent for whic

blended to meet an effluent requirement).
13

EXAMPLE 2

The purpose of example 2 is for the user to become familiar with entering known influent data

and optional user inputs. Follow the steps below and check the results with those provided.

1) Water flow rate (Qi) is the water entering the facility and equal to 10000 bbl/day. Enter

10000 in cell (2, 6).

2) Influent characteristics are known... Enter the word “yes” in cell (3, 6). Use only lower

case letters.

3) Hit ENTER

4) Click on “Influent Data” button

Note: All influent values will be equal to 0.

5) Enter 2000 for TDS in cell (12, 2) and Enter 500 for Sodium in cell (22, 2)

6) Effluent characteristics are unknown... Enter the word “no” in cell (6, 6). Use only lower

case letters.

7) Water will be used for drinking water... Enter 2 in cell (7, 6)

8) Use more stringent values... Enter 2 in cell (8, 6)

9) Hit ENTER

10) Click on “Effluent Data” button

11) Under Optional Input adjust the price of electricity to $0.3/kW-hr... Enter 0.3 in

cell (2,8), and adjust the brine facility life to 10 years... Enter 10 in cell (6, 8)

12) Hit ENTER

13) Select electrodialysis reversal...Click button

Note: In Table 7 undefined influent and effluent constituent concentrations have been

defined. This is done to account for other constituents and ions in the water. These

adjustments are made by multiplying the specified TDS concentration by a ratio of the

unknown constituent concentration to TDS based on published values. The TDS

concentration has also been adjusted to account for now defined constituent

concentrations.

14) Select evaporation crystallization brine management...Click button

EDR

Evap/Cryst.

Influent Data

Effluent Data
14

15) Get output... Influent and required effluent constituent concentration should be equal to

values presented in Table 7, cost output should be equal to values in Table 8, and

technical output should be equal to values in Table 9.

Note: In Table 9 the initial treated fraction is 1 and the influent flow rate and feed flow rate are

equal. This is because EDR does not require blending.

Table 7: Example 2 influent and effluent input/output.

TDS 2033 mg/L TDS 500 mg/L

F 2413 μg/L F 2000 μg/L

Cl

–

33 mg/L Cl

–

250 mg/L

SO4

2–

10 mg/L SO4

2–

250 mg/L

Br 150 μg/L Br 10 μg/L

Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 2180 mg/L Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 104 mg/L

NH4

+

6 mg/L NH4

+

1 mg/L

Ca

2+

73 mg/L Ca

2+

30 mg/L

K 21 mg/L K 21 mg/L

Mg

2+

40 mg/L Mg

2+

10 mg/L

Na

+

500 mg/L Na

+

200 mg/L

Ba

2+

1425 μg/L Ba

2+

2000 μg/L

Fe 2007 μg/L Fe 300 μg/L

Si 11 mg/L Si 11 mg/L

Sr 1691 μg/L Sr 1691 μg/L

Al 19 μg/L Al 200 μg/L

As 7 μg/L As 7 μg/L

Se 2 μg/L Se 50 μg/L

B 165 μg/L B 165 μg/L

Cu 40 μg/L Cu 1000 μg/L

Mo 3 μg/L Mo 3 μg/L

Mn 45 μg/L Mn 50 μg/L

Cr 139 μg/L Cr 100 μg/L

Zn 37 μg/L Zn 5000 μg/L

Influent Data Effluent Data

Table 8: Example 2 cost output

Technology Output: Brine Output:

Annual Per bbl

Electric $214,109 $0.059

Labor $64,666 $0.018

Chemical $2,117 $0.001

Membrane/Parts $14,673 $0.004 Evaporator Operating, $/bbl $0.000

Resin $0 $0.000 Crystallizer Operating, $,bbl $3.940

Iron Pretreatment $22,742 $0.006 Evaporator Capital $0

Total O&M $318,307 $0.087 Crystallizer Capital $851,760

Total Capital $2,820,803 $0.039 Total, $/bbl of brine $6.31

Total w/o Brine $0.126 Brine Cost/bbl of Qi $0.062

Electrodialysis Reversal

Evaporation

Crystallization

$0.188

Click to Select a Technology Click to Select Brine Management

Total Treatment Cost, $/bbl Qi

IX HCl IX H2SO4 EDR HEEPM RO Deep Well

Injection

Evap/Cryst.

Evap.

Pond
Table 9: Example 2 technical output

Constituent Unit Treated conc. brine conc.

Final

Conc.

Final treated

fraction

Limiting

Constituent

Effluent

Exceeded Flows

TDS mg/L 64 200064 64 1.000 Initial TreateF – μg/L 75 237513 75 1.000 Feed flow Cl– mg/L 1 3263 1 1.000 Bypass flow SO42– mg/L 0 1025 0 1.000 Brine flow Br μg/L 5 14764 5 1.000 Final water fAlk. mg/L as CaCO3 68 214543 68 1.000 Alk. %Feed flow wNH4+ mg/L 0 612 0 1.000 %Feed flow bCa2+ mg/L 2 7201 2 1.000K mg/L 1 2060 1 1.000Mg2+ mg/L 1 3914 1 1.000Na+ mg/L 16 49209 16 1.000Ba2+ μg/L 45 140232 45 1.000Fe μg/L 1 203726 1 1.000Si mg/L 0 1105 0 1.000Sr μg/L 53 166391 53 1.000Al μg/L 1 1905 1 1.000As μg/L 0 761 0 1.000Se μg/L 0 174 0 1.000B μg/L 5 16254 5 1.000Cu μg/L 1 3966 1 1.000Mo μg/L 0 312 0 1.000Mn μg/L 0 4587 0 1.000Cr μg/L 4 13656 4 1.000Zn μg/L 1 3603 1 1.000SAR 2 116 2

Technical Output
16

EXAMPLE 3

The purpose of example 3 is for the user to become familiar with inputting most of the

parameters that the user may specify in the toolbox. Follow the steps below and check the results

with results provided below.

1) Specify flow rate, enter 10000 in cell (2, 6).

2) Influent characteristics are known... Enter the word “yes” in cell (3, 6). Use only lower

case letters.

3) Hit ENTER

4) Click on “Influent Data” button

Note: All influent concentrations will be equal to zero.

5) Specify influent concentrations...Enter 5374 mg/L for TDS in cell (12, 2), 500 mg/L for

Sulfate in cell (15, 2), 2000 mg/L as CaCO3 for alkalinity in cell (17, 2), and 936 mg/L for

Sodium in cell (22, 2).

6) Effluent characteristics known... Enter the word “yes” in cell (6, 6). Use only lower case

letters.

7) Hit ENTER

8) Click on “Effluent Data” button

Note: All effluent concentrations will equal to zero

9) Specify effluent concentrations...Enter 1000 mg/L for TDS in cell (12, 5), 50 mg/L for

Chloride in cell (14, 5), 100 mg/L for Sulfate in cell (15, 5), 200 mg/L for Sodium in cell

(22, 5), 50 μg/L for Barium in cell (23, 5), 200 μg/L for Iron in cell (24, 5).

10) Input Optional Input... Enter an Electricity price of $0.21/kW-hr in cell (2, 8), Sulfuric

acid price of $100/ton in cell (3, 8), Technology facility life of 5 yrs in cell (6, 8), Evaporation

rate of 3 ft/yr in cell (3, 11), Evaporation pond unit cost of $2/ft

2

in cell (4, 11) and Brine facility

life of 3 yrs in cell (5, 11).

11) Hit ENTER

12) Select Reverse Osmosis...Click button

Note: The influent TDS in Table 10 is different than what was input. This is because the

toolbox adjusts the TDS based on ratios of the specified TDS to an undefined

constituent. To prevent this specify all constituent concentrations as non negative non-zero

numbers.

RO

Influent Data

Effluent Data
17

13) Select evaporation pond brine management...Click button

14) Get output... Influent and required effluent constituent concentration should be equal to

values presented in Table 10, cost output should be equal to values in Table 10, and technical

output should be equal to values in Table 11.

Note: The column in Table 10 that says, “Treatment?”, this column tells the user if the effluent

requirement is lower than the influent concentration for a constituent. If a cell in this column

says, “Must Treat”, then the influent is greater than the effluent requirement, thus, making

treatment necessary to reduce that constituent’s concentration to meet the effluent requirement. If

a cell in this column says, “Okay”, then the water does not need to be treated to reduce the

corresponding constituent’s concentration.

Note: In Table 11, the Effluent Exceeded column says, “LIMIT!!!” for barium. This is because

this technology is not capable of treating this water to meet the effluent barium requirement

specified. Try different technologies to see what technologies can treat this water. If RO is used

to treat this water, the water should be pretreated to remove the barium which may harm the RO

membranes.

Evap.

Pond
Table 10: Example 3 influent and effluent input/output, optional user input, and cost output

10000 Electricity 0.21 $/kW-hr Deep Well I

yes H2SO4 100 $/ton Evaporation 

4 HCl 225 $/ton Pond Unit C2 IX Run Time 20 hrs Brine Faclit

yes Tech Facility Life 5 years

22

2

Treatment?

TDS 3174 mg/L TDS 1000 mg/L Must TreatF 6485 μg/L F 6485 μg/L OkayCl– 89 mg/L Cl– 50 mg/L Must TreatSO42– 500 mg/L SO42– 100 mg/L Must TreatBr 403 μg/L Br 403 μg/L OkayAlkalinity (as CaCO3) 2000 mg/L Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 2000 mg/L OkayNH4+ 17 mg/L NH4+ 17 mg/L OkayCa2+ 197 mg/L Ca2+ 197 mg/L OkayK 56 mg/L K 56 mg/L OkayMg2+ 107 mg/L Mg2+ 107 mg/L OkayNa+ 936 mg/L Na+ 200 mg/L Must TreatBa2+ 3829 μg/L Ba2+ 50 μg/L Must TreatFe 5392 μg/L Fe 200 μg/L Must TreatSi 30 mg/L Si 30 mg/L OkaySr 4543 μg/L Sr 4543 μg/L OkayAl 52 μg/L Al 52 μg/L OkayAs 20 μg/L As 20 μg/L OkaySe 5 μg/L Se 5 μg/L OkayB 444 μg/L B 444 μg/L OkayCu 108 μg/L Cu 108 μg/L OkayMo 9 μg/L Mo 9 μg/L OkayMn 121 μg/L Mn 121 μg/L OkayCr 373 μg/L Cr 373 μg/L OkayZn 98 μg/L Zn 98 μg/L OkayTechnology Output: Brine Output:

Annual Per bbl

Electric $147,789 $0.040 Evaporative Area, sq. ft. 390,256

Labor $43,800 $0.012 Pond Depth, ft 1.5

Chemical $146,000 $0.040 Evaporation Rate, bbl/yr 104,254

Membrane/Parts $81,213 $0.022

Resin $0 $0.000 Operating Cost, $/bbl brine $0.081

Iron Pretreatment $39,663 $0.011

Total O&M $458,464 $0.126 Capital Cost, $ $780,513Total Capital $981,799 $0.054 Total, $/bbl of brine $2.58

Total w/o Brine $0.179 Brine Cost/bbl of Qi $0.123

Required Input

Reverse Osmosis

Do you want high, low of average values?

Average(1) High(2) Low(3)

Do you know the effluent water characteristics? (yes or no)If no, how will the water be used? Surface Discharge(1) Drinking Water(2) Irrigation(4)

Livestock(3) EOR (5) Cooling Water (6)

Do you want to use more or less stringent values?

Less(1) More(2)

Evaporation Pond

$0.302

Optional Inpu

Click to Select a Technology Click to Select Brine Management

Total Treatment Cost, $/bbl Qi

What is the water flow rate in bbl/day ?Do you know the influent water characteristics? (yes or no)If no, in what watershed are the wells located?

Cheyenne(1) Belle Fourche(2) Little Powder(3) Powder(4) Tongue(5)

Influent Data

IX HCl IX H2SO4 EDR HEEPM RO

Effluent Data

Deep Well

Injection Evap/Cryst. Evap. Pond
Table 11: Example 3 technical output

Constituent Unit Treated conc. brine conc.

Final

Conc.

Final treated

fraction

Limiting

Constituent

Effluent

Exceeded Flows

TDS mg/L 32 66032 32 0.692 Initial TreateF – μg/L 324 129732 324 Feed flow Cl– mg/L 4 1800 4 0.457 Bypass flow SO42– mg/L 5 10403 5 0.808 Brine flow Br μg/L 290 2661 290 Final water fAlk. mg/L as CaCO3 0 0 0 %Feed flow wNH4+ mg/L 1 324 1 %Feed flow bCa2+ mg/L 6 4012 6K mg/L 2 1137 2Mg2+ mg/L 3 2181 3Na+ mg/L 37 18913 37 0.819Ba2+ μg/L 115 78128 115 1.000 Ba2+ LIMIT!!!Fe μg/L 5 113153 5 0.964Si mg/L 3 574 3Sr μg/L 136 92702 136Al μg/L 5 988 5As μg/L 0 422 0Se μg/L 0 90 0B μg/L 44 8434 44Cu μg/L 11 2058 11Mo μg/L 1 162 1Mn μg/L 0 2547 0Cr μg/L 37 7086 37Zn μg/L 10 1869 10SAR 3 60 3

Technical Output
20

EXAMPLE 4

Keep all of the input data for Example 3 and try different treatment technologies and brine

management options. Be sure to do the following:

1) Hit ENTER after changing any input parameter

2) Click a brine management button immediately after clicking a technology button. This

will ensure that the brine flow rate is correct if a different technology is selected, thus

updating the total treatment cost appropriately.

Note: different brine management costs can be specified by entering a deep well injection cost in

units of $/bbl of brine under Optional Input.

6. REFERENCES

Beagle, D. 2007. EMIT Water Discharge Technology LLC. Personal communication via email.

Last correspondence: June 13, 2007.

Beardsley, S.S. Coker, S.D. Whippie, S.S. 1994. FILMTEC Membranes: The Economics of

Reverse Osmosis and Ion Exchange, Dow Liquid Separations, WATERTECH Expo ’94,

November 9-11, 1994. Houston, Texas.

Brainerd, M.A. 2007. Brainerd Chemical Co., Inc. 1200 North Peoria Tulsa, OK. Personal

communication via email. Last correspondence: May 7, 2007.

Mickley, M.C. 2001 Membrane Concentrate Disposal: Practices and Regulations, US Dept. of

the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Agreement No. 98-FC-81-0054, Program report No.

69, September 2001.

Miers, J. 2007. Market Development Manager, Water Group Process Chemicals, Rohm and Haas

Company Philadelphia, PA. Personal communication via email. Last correspondence:

June 14, 2007.

Urruty, S. 2007. Operations/Production Engineer, Petro-Canada Resources (USA)Inc. Personal

communication via e-mail. Last correspondence: June 5, 2007.
7. APPENDIX ATable A-1: CBM-DTC Toolbox default influent water concentrations by watershedConstituent Units Cheyenne River Belle Fourche River Little Powder River Powder River Tongue River1

Mean High Low Mean High Low Mean High Low Mean High Low Mean High Low 

Total dissolved solids mg/L 430 470 390 666 1120 270 966 1260 720 1411 2010 540 1200 1200 1200 

F μg/L 1600 1600 1600 967 1700 500 760 1000 500 710 1400 420 

Cl– mg/L 8.2 10.0 6.3 14.7 64.0 5.2 9.9 12.0 8.9 11.7 18.0 6.4 

SO42– mg/L 8.9 17.0 0.7 2.5 12.0 0.0 1.2 3.0 0.1 1.5 8.1 0.1 

Br μg/L 65 90 40 144 85 20 72 80 60 76 11 50 Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 465 490 440 742 1170 290 1112 1520 810 1585 2320 580 775 950 600 

NH4+ mg/L 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.1 3.2 1.1 3.4 5.3 2.1 2.7 4.8 1.1 

Ca2+ mg/L 25.5 32.0 19.0 34.4 59.0 5.9 47.6 69.0 30.0 20.3 35.0 9.1 6 7 5 K mg/L 6.6 7.3 5.9 8.1 14.0 3.8 11.7 15.0 8.1 8.4 18.0 3.9 Mg2+ mg/L 11 13 10 15 25 2 27 46 14 14 28 5 2.5 3 2 Na+ mg/L 140 150 130 219 390 110 308 360 240 563 800 220 392 460 325 

Ba2+ μg/L 300 370 230 605 1300 140 988 1600 470 539 750 240 270 296 244 Fe μg/L 1500 2400 580 484 490 120 554 820 270 569 2800 20 72 105 38 Si mg/L 4.8 5.3 4.3 4.6 5.8 3.8 4.5 5.6 3.7 5.2 7.1 4.6 

Sr μg/L 455 560 350 763 1800 100 1054 1900 450 415 840 250 

Al μg/L 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.4 5.4 5.4 11 11 11 11.0 11.0 11.0 1817 1817 1817 

As μg/L 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Se μg/L 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 B μg/L 51 51 51 62 62 62 89 89 89 89.0 89.0 89.0 109 109 109 Cu μg/L 10 10 10 13 13 13 24 24 24 24.0 24.0 24.0 10.8 10.8 10.8 Mo μg/L 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.25 0.25 0.25 2.51 2.51 2.51 2.5 2.5 2.5 1 1 1 Mn μg/L 11 11 11 10.6 10.6 10.6 29 29 29 29.0 29.0 29.0 7.7 7.7 7.7 Cr μg/L 33.1 33.1 33.1 43.6 43.6 43.6 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 83.9 8.3 8.3 8.3 Zn μg/L 4.5 4.5 4.5 6.2 6.2 6.2 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 11 11 11 
Table A-2: CBM-DTC Toolbox default effluent water characteristics by use

Surface

Discharge Drinking water Livestock Irrigation Enhanced Oi

Recovery (EOR

Constituent Units High Low High Low High L

Total Dissolved Solids Mg/L 5000 310 500 500 2000 2000 150000 10

Dissolved Fluoride μg/L 4000 2000 4000 2000Chlorides Mg/L 230 46 250 250 1064 Sulfates Mg/L 3000 412 250 250 1920 Br (regulated as BrO3) μg/L 10 10Alkalinity (as CaCO3) Mg/L 216 104 510 N Mg/L 5a 0.5a 10b 1c 100 10Ca2+ Mg/L 300 30 10K mg/L 800 Mg2+ mg/L 300 10 2Dissolved sodium mg/L 350 270 200 200 400 122 Total Barium μg/L 1800 1800 2000 2000 4370 920 Dissolved Iron μg/L 1000 125 300 300 100Si mg/L Sr mg/L Al μg/L 750 490 200 200As μg/L 150 3.1 10 0 5000Se μg/L 50 50 200B μg/L 50Cu μg/L 13.2 8.6 1300 1000 5000 2000Mo μg/L 500 Mn μg/L 820 629 50 50Cr μg/L 100 100 50Zn μg/L 97 90 5000 5000 1000a NH4 as Nb Nitrate as Nc Nitrite as N