UNITED STATES OF AME RICA MERIT SYSTEMS PROTEC TION BOARD

RITA S. VAZ, Appellant,

v.
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSIN G AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT,

Agency. DOCKET NUMBER DA

- 1221

- 15

- 0132

- W

- 1

DATE: September 6, 2023



### THIS ORDER IS NONPRECEDENTIAL 1

Celine Fernandes , Arlington, Massachusetts, for the appellant. Mary C. Merchant and Sakeena Adams , Fort Worth, Texas, for the agency.

BEFORE Cathy A. Harris, Vice Chairman Raymond A. Limon, Member

REMAND ORDER ¶1 The appellant has filed a petition for review of the initial decision, which dismissed her individual right of action (IRA) appeal for lack of jurisdiction. For the reasons discussed below, we GRANT the appellant’s petition for review,

1 A nonprecedential order is one that the Board has determined does not add significantly to the body of MSPB case law. Parties may cite nonprecedential orders, but such orders have no precedential value; the Board and administrative judges are not require d to follow or distinguish them in any future decisions. In contrast, a precedential decision issued as an Opinion and Order has been identified by the Board as significantly contributing to the Board’s case law. See 5 C.F.R. § 1201.117 (c).2

REVERSE the initial decision, and REMAND the case to the Dallas Regional
Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

BACKGROUND ¶2 At all times relevant to this appeal, the appellant was employed in the agency’ s Office of Public Hou sing, Houston Field Office

. Vaz v. Department of Housing and Urban Development , MSPB Docket No. DA

- 1221

- 15

- 0132

- W

- 1, Initial Appeal File (IAF), Tab 1 at 10, 19. On February 10, 2014, the appellant
filed a whistleblower reprisal complaint with the Office of Special Counsel (OSC ) . IAF, Tab 19 . In her complaint, she alleged that she had disclosed abuse s of authority, gross mismanagement , and violations of various Federal laws , and in retaliation for her disclosures the agency had taken a number of personnel actions, including giving her a minimally s atisfactory perfor mance appraisal in Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 and then plac ing her on a performance improvement plan (PIP) on March 27, 2014

. Id

. at 6

- 15

. She alleged that she had made the
disclosures beginning in 2006 and “aggressively” since 2013, both “ internally ” to various management officials, an d “externally” to a Board administrative judge, 2

an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) administrative judge, and agency attorneys. Id

. at 6. The appellant made subsequent amendments t o that complaint , inclu ding an alleged disclosure to the Inspector General (IG) in
2014 , with the final modification taking place on August 14, 2014. See i d

. at 4,

2 T he appellant named the administrative judge who adjudicated her previous appeal in Vaz v. Department of Housing and Urban Development , MSPB Docket No. DA

- 0752

- 13

- 0450

- I

- 1 , Initial Decision (Nov. 19, 2013), which was dismissed as withdrawn

. On August 4, 2014, the appellant filed a second Board appeal, in which she alleged, among other things, that the agency had engaged in whistleblower reprisal. The administrative judge dismissed that appeal for lack of jurisdiction, partly on the grounds that the appellant had not exhausted her remedies with OSC. Vaz v. Department of Housing and Urban Development , MSPB Docket No. DA

- 3443

- 14

- 05 79

- I

- 1, Initial Decision (Sept. 17, 2014). Neither party filed a petition for review of that decision. The same administrative judge was initially assigned to the instant appeal.3

71

- 72. On October 28, 2014 , OSC notified the appellant that it had closed its investigation and advised her of he r Board appeal rights . IAF, Tab 20 at 50. ¶3 On December 14, 2014, the appellant filed the instant Board a ppeal. IAF,
Tab 1. The administrative judge to whom the case was in i tially assigned
informed the appellant of the requirements for establishing jurisdiction in an IRA appeal and ordered her to submit evidence and argument on the jurisdictional issue. IAF, Tab 3

. In her response to that order, the appellant alleged that she made protected disclosures on the following occasions : (1) on June 16, 2008, to the Assistant Secretary ; (2) on July 24, 2013 , to an agency attorney ; (3) on several dates from 2013 to 20 14, to an EEOC admin istrative judge; and (4) in 2014, to the IG , the Chief Human Capital Office r , and agency counsel. IAF,
Tab 10 at 13

- 25. ¶4 The administrative judge advised the parties that the issue of jurisdiction still had not been resolved and ordered the appellant to produce a copy of her OSC complaint and additional correspondence with OSC

. 3 IAF, Tab 17 at 2. In response, the appella nt provided a copy of her amended OSC complaint form and
various documents she submitted to OSC in support of the complaint. IAF,
Tab 19. Based o n the appellant’s submissions, the administrative judge found

3 We note that submission of an OSC complaint is not the only way to establish jurisdicti on, as further discussed belo w. The administrative judge’s earlier jurisdictional order appropriately detailed the various ways that the appellant could establish exhaus tion. IAF, Tab 3 at 7. However, after receipt of the appellant’s submissions, the administrative judge advised th e parties that the issue of jurisdiction had not yet been resolved , and that the record indicated that the appellant had attempted to submit a copy of her OSC complaint in a p leading that had been rejected. IAF, Tab 17 at 2. Thus, the administrative judg e’s order instructed the appellant to resubmit the OSC complaint. Id

. The administrative judge also properly explained that it was not necessary for the appellant to provide a copy of the detailed decision let ter that she received from OSC. See Bloom v. Department of the Army , 101 M.S.P.R. 79 , ¶ 10 (2006) ( stating that, under 5 U.S.C. § 1214 (a)(2)(B), OSC’s written statement containing its summary of relevant facts related to the appellant’s complaint is not admissible without the consent of the appellant).4

that a hearing was warranted and proposed a date for the hearing. IAF,
Tabs 21

- 22. ¶5 Following an unsuccessful attempt at mediation, the appeal was re assigned
to a second administ rative judge. IAF, Tab 34. The new administrative judge ordered the appellant to identify and describe her disclosures with sufficient specificity such that he could evaluate whether she nonfrivolously alleged that she made a protected disclosure. IAF, Tab 39 at 1. The appellant responded.
IAF , Tabs 40

- 41. Without holding the appellant’s reques ted hearing, the administrative judge issued an initial decision dismissing the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. IAF, Tab 43, Initial Decision (ID). In particular, he found that the appellant failed to establish that she had made protected disclosures of gross mismanagement or an abuse of authority, and that the Board did not have jurisdiction over her claims regarding equal employment opportunity (EEO)
matters. ID at 5

- 6. ¶6 On petition for review , the appellant a rgues that the administra tive judge ignor ed the ruling by the first administrative judge that a hearing was warranted. Petition for Review (PFR) File, Tab 1 at 3

- 4 . The appellant further contends that the administrative judge failed to address disclosures (2) through (4) , as well as
her claim t hat the agency retaliated against her for perceived whistleblowing. Id

. The agency has responded. PFR File, Tab 3.

DISCUSSION OF ARGUME NTS ON REVIEW 4 ¶7 T he appellant first challenges the administrative judge’s decision to dismiss her appeal for lack of jurisdiction without holding a hearing when the first administrative judge had previously found that a hearing was warranted. PFR File, Tab 1 at 3

- 4. T he issue of jurisdiction is always before the Board , however,

4 We have revi ewed the relevant legislation enacted during the pendency of this appeal and have concluded that it does not affect the outcome of the appeal.5

and may be raised by either party or s ua sponte by the Board at any time during a Board proceeding. Simnitt v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 113 M.S.P.R. 313 , ¶ 5 (201 0). The second administrative judge provided notice to the parties of a specific jurisdictional issue that he believed remained unresolved, allowed them to make submissions addressing the issue, and then he made his jurisdictional determination based upon the record evidence. IAF, Tabs 39

- 43. Although, as explained below, we disagree with certain findings made by the administrative judge, as well as his conclusion that the Board lacks jurisdiction over the appeal,
we find that it was within his authority to revisit the issue of jurisdiction after he was assigned the appeal, despite the first administrative judge’s apparent finding that the Board had jurisdiction over the appeal

. ¶8 To establish jurisdiction over an IRA appeal, and the consequent right to a hearing, an appellant must show by preponderant evidence that she exhausted her administrative remedies before OSC and make nonfrivolous allegations 5 that (1 ) she made a protected disclosure described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8) or engaged in protected activity described under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D); and (2) the disclosure or protected activity was a contributing fact or in the agency’s decision to take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel action as defined under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (a). Salerno v. Department o f
the Interior , 123 M.S.P.R. 230 , ¶ 5 (2016); see 5 U.S.C. §§ 1214 (a)(3), 1221(e)(1). For the following reasons, we find that the appellant has established jurisdiction over a portion of her retaliation claims, and is therefore entitled to a hearing on those particular claims.

5 The Board’s regulations define a nonfrivolous allegation as an assertion that, if proven, could establish the matter at issue. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.4 (s). The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has found that, in the context of an IRA appeal, a nonfrivolous allegation is an allegation of “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim that is plausible on its face.” Hessami v. Merit Systems Protection Board , 979 F.3d 1362 , 1364, 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2020).6

The appellant exhausted her remedies with OSC regarding disclosure s (1) through (4), but not her claim of reprisal for perceived whistleblowing. ¶9 Under 5 U.S.C. § 1214 (a)(3) , an employee is required to s eek corrective
action from OSC before seeking corrective action from the Board through an IRA appeal. The Board’s jurisdiction is limited to matters raised before OSC. Coufal

v. Department of Justice , 98 M.S.P.R. 31 , ¶¶ 14, 18 (2004). The substantive requirements of exhaustion are met when an appellant has provided OSC with sufficient basis to pursue an investigation. Chambers v. Department of Homeland
Se curity , 2022 MSPB 8 , ¶ 10. An appellant may demonstrate exhaustion of her OSC remedies through her initial OSC complaint or other written correspondence to and from OSC concerning her allegations. Benton

- Flores v. Department of Defense , 121 M.S.P.R. 428 , ¶ 6 (2014). In the alternative, exhaustion may be proved through other sufficiently reliable evidence, such as an affidavit or declaration attesting that the appellant raised with OSC the substance of the facts in the MSPB appeal. The appellant must pro ve exhaustion with OSC by preponderant evidence, not just present nonfrivol ous allegations of exhaustion.
5 U.S.C. § 1204 (a)(3); 5 C.F.R. § 1201.57 (c)(1). ¶10 Based on our review of the appellant’s OSC complaint and subsequent correspondence, see IAF, Tab 19, we find that the appellant exhausted her
remedies with OSC with respect to disclosures (1) through (4). 6 To the extent the administrative judge limited his at tention to disclosure (1) only , without addressing disclosure s (2) through (4), we agree with the appellant that this was

error. See Spithaler v. Office of Personnel Management , 1 M.S.P.R. 587 , 589 (1980)

. ¶11 However, we find that the appellant has not shown that she allege d before OSC that the agency r etaliated against her as a perceived w histleblower. We

6 The appellant’s co rrespondence with OSC describe s other alleged disclosures to agency management , but the appellant has n ot otherwise referred to those disclosures in her pleadings before the Board.7

therefore lack jurisdiction over that claim. See El v. Department of Commerce , 123 M.S.P.R. 76 , ¶ 12 (2015) (finding that, even if the Board considered the appellant’s claim that he was a perceived whistleblower, he failed to establish jurisdiction over his claim because he failed to exhaust his administrative remedy), aff’d
, 663 F. App’x 921 (Fed. Cir. 2016). While the administrative judge erred in failing to address the appellant’s claim of retaliation for perceived whistleblowing , which she also raised in the proceedings below, see IAF, Tab 41 at 6, his error did not prejudice the appellant’s su bstantive rights. See Panter v. Department of the Air Force , 22 M.S.P.R. 281 , 282 (1984) (holding that an adjudicatory error that is not prejudicial to a party’s substantive rights provides
no basis for reversal of an initial decision ). The appellant has made a nonfrivolous allegation that a portion of disclosure (2) was protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8). ¶12 We next consider whether the appellant nonfrivolously alleged that her disclosures were protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8). In conducting this inquiry, the test i s whether a disinterested observer with knowledge of the
essential facts known to or readily ascertainable by the employee could reasonably conclude that the actions of the agency evidenced a violation of law, rule, or regulation, gross mismanagement, a gr oss waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or substantial and specific danger to public health or safety. Lachance
v. White , 174 F.3d 1 3 78 , 1379

- 81 (Fed. Cir. 1999).

Disclosure 1 ¶13 Regarding disclosure (1), whic h the appellant describes as her “internal” disclosure, the appellant alleges that in June 2008, she informed the Assistant Secretary verbally and by email that her then

- supervisor was deliberately mistreating and neglecting the housing authorities in her portfolio and abusing his
author ity as a supervisor. IAF, Tab 10 at 13

- 17, Tab 19 at 14. The OSC correspondence includes several email s , which the appellant forwarded to the Assistant Secretary, purportedly showing that her supervisor at that time engaged8

in gross mismanagement by deli berately placing her on a PIP when she had timely completed her assignment, and abused his authority by failing to correct an assignment log and by not similarly penalizing other employees in the same or similar manner. IAF, Tab 19 at 14

- 20. In describin g disclosure (1), the appe llant further alleged that in 2006 and 2007, she verbally notified another agency manager that her supervisor failed to rescind the PIP even after admitting that the system used to log and close her cases was flawed. Id . at 15. ¶14 T he appellant’s disagreement w ith how agency officials managed performance issues or provided her assignments does not constitute a nonfrivolous allegation of gross mismanagement. See C assidy v. Department of
Justice , 118 M.S.P.R. 74 , ¶ 8 (2012) (explaining that gross mismanagement i s a management action or inaction that creates a substantial risk of significa nt adverse impact on t he agency’ s ability to accomplish its mission )

. To the extent the appellant alleged gross mismanagement regarding the supervisor’s oversight of housing authorities, the information she described under disclosure (1) is too vague to qualify for protection under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8). 7 ¶15 Similarly, the appellant has provided scant information regarding her supervisor’s alleged failure to correct an assignment log , nor has she provided
sufficient detail regarding the performance of other employees she alleges should also have been penalized for deficiencies around the time she was placed on a
PIP

. As a result, we find that the appellant has failed to make a nonfrivolous allegation that she disclosed an abuse of authority. See Wheeler v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 88 M .S.P.R. 236 , 241, ¶ 13 (2001) (holding that an abuse of authority occurs when there is an arbitrary or capricious exercise of power by a
F ederal official or employee that adversely affects the rights of any person or that

7 As discussed below, we reach a dif ferent conclusion regarding similar allegations set forth in disclosure (2).9

results in personal gain or advant age to himself or to preferred other persons )

. Accordingly, we find that disclosure (1) is not protected.

Disclosure 2 ¶16 The appellant states that in a July 24, 2013 email to agency counsel, she disclosed abuse of supervisory authority, gross mismanagemen t, and gross waste of funds on the part of her then

- supervisor . IAF, Tab 10 at 18

- 19, Tab 19

at 66

- 70. The email includes allegations that the supervisor discriminated against
her on the basis of color and national origin, slandered her, and subjected her to “emotional gang rape.” IAF, Tab 19 at 6 7

- 69 . The appellant also alleged that the supervisor was negligent in his oversight of the housing authorities in the appellant’s portfolio, in particular the Harris County Public Housing Autho rity (PHA). Id . at 68

- 69. The email includes excerpts from and links to a July 9,
2013 news artic le describing the results of a recent IG audit that uncovered
millions of dollars in fraudulent and wasteful expenditures by the Harris County PHA, and a Jul y 16, 2013 letter of conce rn from U.S. Senator Charles Grassley regarding the results of that audit. Id .; Jon Cassidy, IG says Texas housing authority is auditors’ nightmare
, Washington Examiner (July 9, 2013) , https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/ig

- says

- texas

- housing

- authority

- is

auditors

- nightmare ( last accessed Sept. 6, 2023 ); Letter from U.S. Senator Chuck Grassley, Committee on the Judiciary (July 16, 2013) , https://blog.chron.com/texa spolitics/files/2013/07/Grassley

- to

- HUD

- 7

- 16

- 2013.pdf ( last accessed Sept. 6 , 2023 ) (Grassley L etter). 8 In that le tter, Senator Grassley quoted with disapproval the supervisor’s previous assurances that the practices in the Houston field office were “some of the best throughout the region,” a nd his subsequent statement that

8 Although the appellant does not appear to have submitted the Washington Examiner article or Grassley L etter in any of her submissions to the Board, we have accessed the links she provided and confirmed that the excerpts she included in her submission are accurate. We take official notice of the article and the letter

. 5 C.F.R. § 1201.64

.10

“we didn’t expect anything was actually goin g on here of concern

. ” Grassley
L etter at 1. ¶17 The appellant’s disclosures concerning alleged discrimination, harassment,
and the creation of a hostile work environment in violation of antidiscrimination statutes do not constitute protected whistleblowing under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8) or protected activity under section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i)

. See Edwards v. Department of Labor , 2022 MSPB 9 , ¶ ¶ 10

- 17 , 21

- 25 ( explaining that disclosures pertaining to matters covered by 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(1)(A), even if made outside of the grievance or EEO process, do not constitute protected whistleblowing activity
under section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302 (b)(9)(A)(i) ) , aff’d
, No. 2022

- 1967,
2023 WL 4398002 (Fed. Cir. Jul y 7, 2023)

. Furthermore, while we have
considered that harassment by a supervisor may c onstitute an abuse of authority, see Ayers v. Department of the Army , 123 M.S.P.R. 11 , ¶ 14 (2015), we find that the appellant ’s vague allegations of harassment do not rise to this level. 9

9 To the extent the appellant is alleging that the agency retaliated against her for protected discl osures made in her two prior Board appeals, we find that the Board lacks jurisdiction to address th ose allegation s in this appeal. The appellant’s 2013 appeal concerned a 7

- day furlough issued by the agency , but the appellant did not allege in that appeal that the action was taken in retaliation for her whistleblowing

. Vaz v. Department of Housing and Urban Development , MSPB Docket No. DA

- 0752

- 13

- 0450

- I

- 1 , Initial Appeal File, Tab 28 (Summary of Telephonic Prehearing Conference). Thus, a claim of retalia tion for filing that prior appeal falls under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(9)(A)(ii), since it was “ other than with regard to remedying a violation ” of section 2302(b)(8), and it is therefore outside the Board’s jurisdiction in this case. See Mudd v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 120 M.S.P.R. 365 , ¶ 7 (2013) ( stating tha t the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 extends IRA jurisdiction to claims arising under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(9)(A)(i), but not section 2302 (b)(9)(A)(ii))

. The appellant did allege wh istleblowing retaliation in her second appeal , but that appeal was filed on August 4, 2014, which was after the two personnel action s at issue in this case had already been taken and after the PIP had been extended. Vaz v. Department of Housing and Urban Development , MSPB Docket No. DA

- 3443

- 14

- 0579

- I

- 1

. Accordingly, the personnel actions could not have been taken in retaliation for her attempt to remedy whistleblower retaliation in that appeal. See Orr v. Department of the Treasury , 83 M.S.P.R. 117 , 124 (1999) (holding that when the personnel action occurred before the protected disclosures the disclosures could not have been a11

¶18 We find, however, that the appellant nonfrivo lously alleged that she disclosed gross mismanagement by her su pervisor regarding the office’s oversight of the Harris County PHA. Accordingly, we find that this portion of
disclosure (2) is protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8).

Disclosure 3 ¶19 Regarding dis closure (3), the appellant asserts that on several occasions between September 2013 and March 2014, she notified an EEOC administrative judge of retaliatory harassment and violations of the ADA and other antidiscrimination laws. IAF, Tab 10 at 20

- 24, Tab 11, Tab 19 at 6. As noted above, such disclosures are not protected under section 2302(b)(8).

Disclosure 4 ¶20 The appellant alleges that in a June 13, 2014 email to multiple ag ency officials, including the IG , the Chief Financial Officer, and agency counsel, she
disclosed an a buse of authority, gross mismanagement, and violations of law and regulation including “multiple infractions of EEO laws, federal regulations, the negotiated Union contract, [and] HUD’s core values.” IAF, Tab 10 at 24

- 25,
Tab 19 at 71. This email, titled “Multiple Violations of EEO laws, Federal laws,” includes a copy of the appellant’s rebuttal to the results of a management inquiry into her allegations of ongoing harassment by management. IAF, Tab 19

at 72

- 140. The attachmen t describes the appellant’s concerns with the EEO process and includes documentation about her placement on a PIP, discussions about a reasonable accommodation, and alleged harassment by her former supervisor, including, among things, the appellant’s alleg ation that her supervisor “pinched” his nipples around her. Id . T he appellant also cites a February 5, 2014
email addressed to her second

- line supervisor, who had proposed placing the

contributing factor in the action) , aff’d per curiam , 232 F.3d 912 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (Table)

.12

appellant on a PIP in a January 29, 2014 email , an d the appellant’s email was copied to the IG

. IAF, Tab 10 at 24, Tab 19 at 71

- 72. In the February 5, 2014 email, the appellant contests the proposal to place her on a PIP based on the performance appraisal issued by her former supervisor , who had since lef t the
agency. Id

. Both emails are included in full in the appellant’s submissions to
OSC. 10 IAF, Tab 19 at 71

- 140. ¶21 As previously noted, the appellant’s disclosures of alleged EEO violations are not protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)( 8). Although the appellant alleges that she also disclosed violations of other laws, rules, or regulations, she has not identified any specific provisions . Nor do her allegations clearly implicate an
identifiable la w, rule, or regulation separate from her EEO claims

. See Baldwin

v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 113 M.S.P.R. 469 , ¶ 12 (2010) (stating that the
Whistleblower Protection Act does not require an employee to identify the particular statutory or regulatory provision that the agency allegedly violated
when her statements and the circumstances of those statements clearly implicate

an identifiable law, rule, or regulation). Furthermore, for the same reasons discussed above under disclosure (1), supra ¶ 1 5 , we find that the appellant failed
to make a nonfrivolous allegation that her February 5 and June 13, 2014 emails disclosed gross mi smanagement or an abuse of authority by her former supervisor. Accordingly, we find that disclosure (4) is not protected under
5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8).

10 In her response to the Board’s first jurisdictional order, the appellant also describes two verbal communications with the IG in September 2014. IAF , Tab 10 at 25. However, the appellant did not refer to those communications in her OSC complaint or subsequent correspondence with OSC.13

The appellant nonfrivolously alleged that her disclosure of gross mismanagement regarding the Harris County PHA was a contributing factor in her supervisor’s issuance of an unfavorable performance appraisal. ¶22 The appellant alleges that her July 24, 2013 disclosure regarding her supervisor’s alleged g ross mismanagement of the Harris County PHA was a contributing factor in the issuance of a minimally satisfactory performance appraisal , which constitutes a personnel action under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (a)(2)(A)(viii). One way an appellant may satisfy the contributing factor element at the jurisdictional stage is by making nonfrivolous allegations that the official taking the personnel action knew of the protected activity and that the personnel action occurred within a period of time such that a reasonable person could conclude that the activity was a contributing factor in the personnel action.
See 5 U.S.C. § 1221 (e)(1); Carney v. Department o f Veterans Affairs , 121 M.S.P.R. 446 , ¶ 7 (2014). ¶23 Her e, the appellant alleged before OSC that the agency attorney to whom
she mad e the disclosure immediately shared the email with unspecified agency officials, and that her supervisor retaliated for t hat disclosure by giving her a minimally satisfactory performance appraisal for FY 2013. IAF, Tab 19 at 67. While the appellant did n ot specify the names of the agency officials with whom the agency attorney shared the July 24, 2013 email, her allegations would imply that the supervisor either received a copy of the email himself or else learned of it by other means. The appellant furt her asserts that the supervisor, who has since left the agency, issued the appraisal in November 2013 , approximately 4 months
after the disclosure

. Id

. T he se events are close enough in time to support a conclusion that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the personnel action.
See Scoggins v. Department of the Army , 123 M.S.P.R. 592 , ¶ 25 (2016) (observing that a personnel action that takes place within 2 years of a disclosure satisfies the knowledge component of the knowledge/timing test). Accordingly,
we find that the a ppellant is entitled to a hearing regarding her claim that t he14

agency issued her an unfavorable performance evaluation in retaliation for her protected disclosure.
Although disclosure (4) is not protected under section 2302(b)(8), the appellant’s

comm unications with the IG constitut e protected activity under section 2302(b)(9)(C). ¶24 While we have found that the appellant did not make a nonfrivolous allegation that disclosure (4) was protected under 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(8), the record reflects that the February emails at issue were sent to the IG

. Under the broadly worded provision of 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(9)(C), disclosin g information to an agency’s IG or to OSC is protected regardless of the content of the appellant’s complaints, as long as such disclosures are made “in accordance with applicable provisions of law.” Hence, we find that the appellant has made at least a

n onfrivolous allegation that she engaged in protected activity for purposes of an IRA appeal.
The appellant nonfrivolously alleged that her protected activity was a contr ibuting factor in her placement on a PIP. ¶25 We also find that the appellant nonfrivol ously alleged that her
communications with the IG were a contribut ing factor in a personnel action

. Specifically, the appellant a lleged before OSC that the agency retaliated against her for those communications by placing her on a PIP. IAF, Tab 19 at 9 ( OSC complaint form)

. In this regard, the record includes a screenshot of a March 27,
2014 email from th e A cting D irector of the Houston Field Office , notifying the appellant of her placement on a PIP . IAF, Tab 40 at 118

- 19

. The screenshot
shows that the PIP was attached to the email , but the PIP document does not appear to have been submitted to the Board by either party

. Id. at 118. The appellant further asserts that on July 28, 2014 , her second

- line supervisor

— who
had first referenced the possibility of placing her on a PIP and who was also the

r ecipient of the February 5, 2014 email discussed above

— notif ied her that the PIP was being extended. See IAF, Tab 1 0 at 9

. The agency submitted a copy of the15

July 28, 2014 memorandum extending the PIP for an additional 60 days. IAF,
Tab 8 at 55

- 64. Based on all of the above, w e find that the appellant has made a nonfrivolous allegation that the agency placed her on a PIP on March 27, 2014

. Moreover , it is well settled that a PIP is considered a personnel a ction for purposes of an IRA appeal. S ee , e.g. , Hudson v. Department of Veterans Affairs , 104 M.S.P.R. 283 , ¶ 15 (2006). ¶26 W hile it is unclear which official made the final decision to impos e a PIP,
the record indicates that th e managers who received t he February 5 and June 13 emails, which were also addressed to the IG , were involved either in implementing the PIP or considering the appellant’s response after the possibility of placing the appellant on a PIP had been raised

. IAF, Tab 19 at 71

- 73, Tab 40
at 118

- 19. Moreover, the March 27 and July 28, 2014 notifications regarding the
PIP and its extension were both iss ued within a few weeks or months after the
emails in question. Under these circumstances, we find that the appellant has a made a nonfrivolous allegation that she engaged in protected activity under
5 U.S.C. § 2302 (b)(9)(C) that was a contributing factor in the agency’s decision to place her on a PIP. 11 The appellant has therefore established jurisdiction and is entitled to a hearing on that claim

.

11 T he appellant is also alleging that the agency repeatedly threatened to place her on a PIP, including in a January 29, 2014 email and during a conference call held on the same date. IAF, Tab 1 at 4

- 5, 15

- 17, 50

- 52. To the extent she is claiming that communications regarding plac ing her on a PIP constituted threatened personnel action s , from our review of the record we find that she has failed to make a nonfrivolous allegation that any agency statements in this regard rose to the level of threats to take personnel actions, as defined in 5 U.S.C. § 2302 (a)(2). Further, while the appellant questions whether the March 27, 2014 PIP was ever implemented, it appears that she may actually be arguing that the agency violated various procedures when it notified her of the PIP , and that thi s casts doubt on the validity of the action. IAF, Tab 10 at 8

- 10; IAF, Tab 40 at 117

- 19. On remand, the administrative judge should determine if there is a dispute regarding whether the PIP ever went into effect, and if so , he should accept evidence and argument on the issue and make findings as necessary.16

The appellant has nonfrivolously alleged that her July 24, 2013 disclosure was a contributing factor in her placement on the March 27, 2014 PIP

. ¶27 As discussed above, we have found that the appellant made a nonfrivolous allegation that the supervisor who gave her the minimally satisfactory performance appra isal for FY 2013 either received a copy of the appellant’s July 24, 2013 email ( d isclosure 2) or otherwise learned of the email

. The appellant admits that the supervisor who gave her that appraisal was no longer a
F ederal employee as of January 6, 2014 ; however, she asserts that her second

- line supervisor and the A cting Director of the Houston Field Office used the appraisal to put her on the PIP. IAF, Tab 19 at 9. Record evidence supports her contention, as the A cting Director sent the March 27, 2014 email notifying the appellant that she was being placed on a PIP, he attached a copy of her final
FY 13 performance rating along with the PIP, and he stated that the PIP was “required as a result of your marginally successful rating.” IAF, Tab 40 at 118. ¶28 Even assuming the individuals who placed the appellant on the PIP were unaware of the appellant’s July 24, 2013 disclosure , because we have found that the appellant made a nonfrivolous allegation that th is disclosure was a contributing factor in the FY 13 p erformance appraisal and the appraisal led directly to the appellant being placed on a PIP approximately 8 months later, we find that the appellant has made a nonfrivolous allegation that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the PIP. See Marano v. Department of Justice , 2 F.3d
1137 , 1143 (Fed. Cir.1993) ( finding that the contributing factor standard is met if

an employee can demonstrate “that the fact of, or the conten t of, the protected disclosure was one of the factors that tended to affect in any way the personnel action”)

. Conclusion ¶29 We find that the appellant has made nonfrivolous allegations that the part of the July 24, 2013 email regarding her supervisor’s alleg ed gross mismanagement concerning the Harris County PHA was a protected disclosure and was a17

contributing factor in the FY 13 performance appraisal and the March 27, 2014 PIP, and she has further nonfrivolously alleged that the February 5 and June 13,
2014 emails to the OIG were protected activity and were a contributing factor in
the PIP.

ORDER ¶30 For the reasons discussed above, we remand this case to the Dallas Regional
Office for further adjudication in accordance with this Remand Order.

FOR THE BOARD:

Washington, D.C. /s/ for Jennifer Everling Acting Clerk of the Board