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[Senate Hearing 112-632]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

                                                        S. Hrg. 112-632

 
      LYME DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO AN EVOLVING THREAT

=======================================================================

                             FIELD HEARING

                                 OF THE

                    COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION,
                          LABOR, AND PENSIONS

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                      ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS

                             SECOND SESSION

                                   ON

  EXAMINING LYME DISEASE, FOCUSING ON A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO AN 
                            EVOLVING THREAT

                               __________

                     AUGUST 30, 2012 (Stamford, CT)

                               __________

 Printed for the use of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and 
                                Pensions

      Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/

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          COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, AND PENSIONS

                       TOM HARKIN, Iowa, Chairman

BARBARA A. MIKULSKI, Maryland        MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming
JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico            LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee
PATTY MURRAY, Washington             RICHARD BURR, North Carolina
BERNARD SANDERS (I), Vermont         JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia
ROBERT P. CASEY, JR., Pennsylvania   RAND PAUL, Kentucky
KAY R. HAGAN, North Carolina         ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah
JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon                 JOHN McCAIN, Arizona
AL FRANKEN, Minnesota                PAT ROBERTS, Kansas
MICHAEL F. BENNET, Colorado          LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska
SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island     MARK KIRK, IIllinois         
RICHARD BLUMENTHAL, Connecticut      

                                       

             Pamela J. Smith, Staff Director, Chief Counsel

                 Lauren McFerran, Deputy Staff Director

              Frank Macchiarola, Republican Staff Director

                                  (ii)

  
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                            C O N T E N T S

                               __________

                               STATEMENTS

                       THURSDAY, AUGUST 30, 2012

                                                                   Page
Blumenthal, Hon. Richard, a U.S. Senator from the State of 
  Connecticut, opening statement.................................     1
Gillibrand, Hon. Kirsten E., a U.S. Senator from the State of New 
  York...........................................................     2
Harris, Dwight, Burlington, CT...................................     5
    Prepared statement...........................................     6
Reid, Katy, Ridgefield, CT.......................................     9
    Prepared statement...........................................    10
Hopwood, Mark, Trumbull, CT......................................    13
    Prepared statement...........................................    15
Stafford, Kirby C., III, Ph.D., Chief Entomologist, Connecticut 
  Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT.................    20
    Prepared statement...........................................    22
Katz, Amiram, M.D., Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology, 
  Yale University, Orange, CT....................................    24
    Prepared statement...........................................    25
Petrini, Joann, Ph.D., MPH, Director of Clinical Outcomes and 
  Health Services Research, Department of Medical Education and 
  Research, Western Connecticut Health Network, Danbury, CT......    32
    Prepared statement...........................................    34

                          ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

Statements, articles, publications, letters, etc.:
    Kris Newby, Senior Producer, UNDER OUR SKIN..................    44
    The LymeDisease.Org..........................................    47
    Letters to Senator Blumenthal................................    53

                                 (iii)

  

      LYME DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO AN EVOLVING THREAT

                              ----------                              

                       THURSDAY, AUGUST 30, 2012

                                       U.S. Senate,
       Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions,
                                                      Stamford, CT.
    The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in 
Gen Re Auditorium, University of Connecticut, Stamford, CT, 
Hon. Richard Blumenthal, presiding.
    Present: Senator Blumenthal.
    Also present: Senator Gillibrand.

                Opening Statement of Senator Blumenthal

    Senator Blumenthal. Good morning, everyone. I'm going to 
officially call to order this hearing of the U.S. Senate 
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. I want to 
thank Senator Tom Harkin of Iowa for giving me this 
opportunity. He is the chairman of the committee.
    I thank the committee staff and my staff for being so 
cooperative and helpful this morning. And I thank all of you 
for being here. I know we have a diverse array of people from 
different areas of interest, but we share a common concern with 
a disease that has really reached epidemic proportions.
    There are about 40,000 cases of Lyme disease reported 
nationally each year. But that number is probably only about 10 
percent of the actual number. One of the very pressing problems 
that needs to be addressed is the underreporting of Lyme 
disease, which results in part from the under-detection and 
lack of adequate diagnosis. And that, in turn, has led to 
divisions and schisms and disagreement within the scientific 
and medical community.
    You are all aware of some of the dissention that has 
existed. Part of our objective this morning is to bring 
together people who really should have a common and shared 
concern. The objective of bringing people together is also the 
goal of the legislation that Senator Gillibrand and I have 
introduced in the U.S. Senate. We have, in all, 12 sponsors, 
co-sponsors, of this legislation, which would establish an 
advisory committee at the Federal level, giving patients a 
voice at the table, because too often, patients and victims 
have been marginalized in this process.
    The inadequacy of diagnostic tools and techniques has left 
a lot of those patients without a voice because they haven't 
been given the proper attention. And so the advisory committee 
would give them a seat at the table. It would also invest in 
diagnostic research and provide for education of doctors who 
all too often in other parts of the country are unaware, and 
even in Connecticut and New York and New England fail to 
appreciate the need for greater attention to it. And it would 
also improve reporting.
    This bill is supported by a bipartisan coalition, I'm very 
proud to say. This hearing, I hope, will galvanize and energize 
support for it.
    Again, I want to thank all of you for being here, and, most 
especially, my colleague and friend, Senator Gillibrand, who 
has come as far as any of us to be here today. But she has been 
such a consistent and courageous leader in this effort. I can't 
tell you how much her voice means in the U.S. Senate on this 
subject. She has really been a champion of all of you who are 
victims of this disease, as well as the scientists who have 
credibility in this area.
    So I am really honored and pleased to welcome you, Senator 
Gillibrand, for being here today. I know your time is limited, 
so if you would give us the benefit of your views--and I know 
that she is reachable through email and many other means for 
anyone who doesn't have a chance to talk to her today. But we 
so appreciate your being here. Thanks so much.

                    Statement of Senator Gillibrand

    Senator Gillibrand. Thank you, Senator Blumenthal, for 
holding this hearing. I couldn't agree with your opening 
statement more. I appreciate the fact that you are leading this 
effort in the Senate to really shine a light on the horrible 
disease and the effects of the diseases caused by tick-borne 
illnesses. I can tell you that families across New York have 
been suffering, often without a diagnosis.
    We have so much work to do in terms of putting a very 
bright light on this issue, and I think this hearing is an 
excellent first step in that direction. I think our legislation 
would go a long way in bringing relief and bringing answers and 
bringing more dollars for research, development, and treatment.
    I also want to acknowledge and thank the advocacy and 
support of groups from New York State that are here. We have 
the Tick-Borne Disease Alliance, the Empire State Lyme Disease 
Association, and the New York City Lyme Disease Support Group, 
and many support groups that are working across New York State 
to help raise awareness about tick-borne illnesses.
    We are here today to bring awareness of Lyme disease and to 
support Senate bill 1381 to finally get a grip on the growing 
epidemic of tick-borne illnesses. From the farms of upstate New 
York to the beaches of Long Island to the parks in all five 
boroughs of New York City, tick-borne diseases are a public 
health crisis that truly knows no boundaries. Anyone can be a 
victim at any time, and it is a crisis that has been ignored 
for too long.
    According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Lyme 
disease remains the fastest growing vector-borne infectious 
disease in the United States. The CDC reports 30,000 cases of 
Lyme disease in 2009, but it acknowledges that actual numbers 
may be over, as Senator Blumenthal said, 10 times as high due 
to underreporting.
    Another highly alarming factor in the growth of this 
disease is their place in our blood supply. The American Red 
Cross has now confirmed at least 12 deaths nationwide from 
tick-borne diseases after it was transmitted by transfused 
blood. We need to ensure that our donor supply is thoroughly 
tested and free of disease to put a stop to these senseless 
infections.
    Ending these diseases starts with prevention. But with no 
vaccines to prevent Lyme disease or the co-infections, we have 
a very long way to go. And the reality is that many people will 
continue to be infected every single year. Patient outcomes for 
tick-borne diseases are measurably better when these diseases 
are caught early. But there is a disagreement about proper 
diagnostic protocols and the lack of awareness of these 
diseases.
    Each of the tick-borne diseases presents us with a 
complicated set of symptoms that varies from person to person. 
Each requires discrete testing and possibly different treatment 
protocols. Difficulties in identifying and diagnosing these 
diseases then lead to more difficulties when it comes to 
treatment. In fact, there is no standard and wholly effective 
treatment. And as with all progressive diseases, the patient 
will get sicker the longer the disease is left untreated.
    Without a 100 percent reliable diagnostic and without a 
cure, education and awareness among doctors and patients, 
paired with research and heightened attention to the issue, are 
absolutely essential. That's why we are here, to hear more from 
those who have seen these diseases firsthand and know what is 
at stake in this fight.
    I want to share one story from a New York family whose 
experience with Lyme disease is heartbreaking, but, 
unfortunately, all too common. Heidi Buono and her husband, 
Michael, live in East Greenbush, NY, near Albany, with their 
three children. It's about a stone's throw from where I live.
    The family spent many wonderful times hiking throughout 
their bucolic woods behind their house and in the region. 
Heidi, the mom, began to experience many unexplained health 
problems, migraines, aches, pains, thyroid issues. She found 
ticks on her children frequently. The pediatrician told her not 
to worry about it. When her youngest daughter was two, Heidi 
removed an embedded tick. Within a week, her daughter was 
running a fever. The pediatrician said it was nothing and did 
not treat her child.
    Four years ago, Heidi's health took a turn for the worse. 
She slept most days, barely able to leave her bed. She clung to 
the walls of her home just to get around. The internist tested 
Heidi for everything, but results were negative. She was 
declared healthy. But, of course, Heidi knew something was 
wrong. She couldn't afford any additional testing, and she 
could not visit specialists because they would not accept her 
insurance. Unable to work, she had to abandon her plans for 
returning to work to help pay for her children's college 
education.
    Heidi's oldest son was an honor student at Columbia High 
School, and after the first week of his sophomore year, he 
became anxious, depressed, achy, and fatigued. He could not 
attend school. Like his mom, his blood work came back normal. 
He was put on anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medicines. 
Within 2 days, he was having suicidal thoughts, and the doctors 
wanted to place him in a psychiatric hospital. Finally, Heidi 
pleaded to have her son retested for tick-borne diseases. The 
test came back positive for Lyme and several other tick-borne 
diseases.
    Heidi's middle son has been sick since birth, has eye 
problems, and was diagnosed with learning disabilities. At 5 
years old, he asked his mother, ``Why can't I remember 
things?'' Heidi believes he may have contracted tick-borne 
diseases in utero. This family is just like any other family 
throughout New York State and our Nation who are afflicted by 
tick-borne diseases and do not have answers.
    One of the reasons why I am co-sponsoring S. 1381 is 
because we have to find them answers. Clearly, we need a better 
strategy than checking ourselves and our children for ticks. We 
need real investments in research to lead us to effective 
treatments, and we need to do a better job of educating 
families on the risks and emphasize prevention so they know 
what to do to protect themselves.
    Our bill is the first step by the Federal Government to 
save more lives and one day rid us of tick-borne diseases. The 
bill takes the following measures: first, establishes a Tick-
Borne Disease Advisory Committee; second, streamlines 
coordination between Federal agencies and private 
organizations; third, coordinates increased research and 
development around Lyme disease; fourth, develops more accurate 
and time sensitive diagnostic tools; fifth, increases public 
and physician education and establishes reports on Lyme disease 
that evaluate guidelines and research.
    The time has truly come for all of us to join together and 
take strong action to eradicate tick-borne diseases and stop 
the needless suffering of so many families in Connecticut, in 
New York, and all around our country. It's time once and for 
all to take the right steps to give medical professionals and 
families better tools and resources that they desperately need 
to stop this horrible disease in its tracks and save more 
lives.
    When we work together, guided by this common purpose, we 
will make progress and give more families more hope in their 
fight against these diseases. I hope you'll join Senator 
Blumenthal and me in support of our legislation so we can win.
    Thank you.
    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Senator.
    [Applause.]
    Thank you for that very powerful testimony. I think you 
have really summarized the urgency that so many of us feel 
about developing diagnostic and treatment tools and the 
pernicious and insidious effects of this disease, the suffering 
it causes, the destruction of lives. The story that you told 
about that family, I think, will be mirrored by the three 
individuals who are going to follow you as witnesses here and 
then the experts who will follow them on the final panel.
    So I really want to thank you for being here today.
    Senator Gillibrand. Thank you, Senator.
    Senator Blumenthal. That was really excellent. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Our next panel, as I mentioned, will be patients, and they 
share with many in this room life stories that reflect the 
suffering and the pernicious impact of this disease. As often 
as I have heard these stories, I never cease to be moved by 
them. And that goes for every one of the individuals in this 
room, not in this room, and on the witness panel. They are 
riveting and powerful, and, in a way, the most powerful case 
beyond all the words that may be spoken here.
    These life stories, the changing lives as a result of this 
disease, I think, are really moving and inspiring, and, I might 
say, also, the courage that so many of you have demonstrated in 
the face of this terrible disease, the courage in the face of 
dismissiveness, often disregard, and, in a way, inaction as a 
result. So I've been working on this problem for some 10 or 15 
years, and I'm glad that people have increasing courage to come 
forward as these individuals have done. I want to introduce 
them to you now.
    Dwight Harris of Burlington, CT, was educated at UConn and 
has worked in real estate and development in Connecticut for 
many years. He suffered from undiagnosed Lyme disease for some 
years, having constantly resisted the kind of diagnoses of 
cardiac and psychiatric issues. Very often, as you know, 
improper, inaccurate diagnoses are given, and Dwight Harris can 
talk about his experience.
    Katy Reid of Ridgefield was diagnosed with Lyme disease 
when she was in high school. I first came to know her at that 
time and saw her life change as she knew it. Her life changed 
forever. And she has overcome the disease. She has fought 
through it. She has fought through misdiagnosis and social 
stigma, and today she is a leader in the advocacy community, 
directing a support group for young Lyme patients.
    Mark Hopwood is a small businessman and a father of three. 
His illness caused him to miss critical parts of his family 
life, and he can describe to you what that experience was like. 
He knows firsthand the challenges of raising a family and 
fighting through this disease, even as it was misunderstood and 
misdiagnosed.
    I want to ask you to come forward, Katy, Mark, and Dwight--
if you would come to the table here. And I'm going to ask, 
Dwight, that you go first.
    Also, I just want to make everyone aware that we have two 
members of the State legislature here. Cathy Abercrombie, whom 
I saw earlier, is vice chairman of the Appropriations 
Committee, and she is a member of the Public Health Committee. 
We also have State Representative Gerry Fox here this morning. 
He is the chairman of the Judiciary Committee. And he, like 
Cathy, has been very instrumental on these issues, a leader in 
our State legislature.
    Both of them have been leaders on this issue, and I'm 
really delighted that they are here today. And I'm sure that 
you can approach them during either the break or at the time 
when we finish. So thank you for being here, both Gerry and 
Cathy.
    Mr. Harris.

           STATEMENT OF DWIGHT HARRIS, BURLINGTON, CT

    Mr. Harris. Yes, thank you. I know time is a concern this 
morning. We were asked to keep it brief. I think all of us have 
submitted some written testimony which probably exceeds the 
amount of time you'd like to hear from us.
    But to summarize and get right to the point, or some of the 
points that I think are very important and critical, when we 
heard the story that was recited earlier today, the interesting 
thing is--and just talking to these two lovely people that I 
just met--these stories are not unique. They are repeated time 
and time again with so many people that suffer from Lyme. So I 
appreciate the fact you have three of us. I think you probably 
could have 100 of us and you'd find many of the same things 
repeated.
    I knew I had Lyme, or, at least, I believed I did, from day 
one. I had the telltale signs. It took 14 years before I could 
get any kind of medical agreement. By that time, it had 
deteriorated so bad it was practically untreatable. That was in 
1994. I was at the point where I could hardly walk, talk--
slurred speech, very little cognitive abilities. And, 
basically, I wouldn't be able to function or take care of 
myself if it wasn't for my devoted family.
    Since then, I've gotten some treatments that are bringing 
me back to life. I still suffer about 3 days out of every week 
where I have great difficulty functioning. But before, I 
couldn't function for about 5 years straight. So I feel very 
fortunate at this point in time.
    But the number of cases, I believe, are extremely 
underreported, because I had tests that came back negative. 
When it finally did come back positive, it didn't meet the 
criteria for the Centers for Disease Control to be reportable. 
So I think when you say there are at least 10 times more cases 
than what's reported, absolutely. I think it's probably much, 
much greater than that.
    The difficult thing for me, which I understand from other 
people--they didn't know what they were suffering from. What 
was frustrating for me was I believed it, but I couldn't get 
anybody to help identify it. I also had great difficulty with 
my heart. ``It must be in his mind,'' because I spent over 
$100,000 in tests. ``It must be emotional, must be 
psychiatric.'' And even though I was just as ill, it was 
gratifying to finally have it identified that this is the 
problem. You can't treat a problem until you can identify it. 
So I think that's the most important thing.
    I think we have to get together. My treatments are not 
approved by the FDA and not approved by a lot of the medical 
profession. Yet I'm here, talking and walking today. I'm 64 
years old, and if there's any ramifications, I don't care, 
because I had no life before.
    I applaud all you're doing, and I really hope that this 
continues, because the saddest thing is that I've seen lots of 
young children misdiagnosed in the school system as having 
learning disabilities, having emotional difficulties, and it 
was Lyme disease. And when that was identified, the school 
said, ``Oh, I'm so glad you got your child psychiatric help.'' 
No, it was of a physical nature. And that's sad when it affects 
our children.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Harris follows:]

                  Prepared Statement of Dwight Harris

    Thank you for permitting me to testify to you today about my 
experiences from infection with Lyme Disease and other associated tick 
infections.
    I would like for you to know my medical history as it relates to 
this terribly debilitating disease as it is a story that is similar to 
so many victims I know. I was infected in 1994 and had the typical 
``Bulls Eye'' associated with Lyme infection. I did not see a doctor 
while the ``Bulls Eye?'' was visible, but when my health started to 
deteriorate soon thereafter I sought medical advice. I reported the 
visual telltale signs of infection to my M.D. He ordered a blood test 
for Lyme and reported to me that the result was negative. My health 
continued to deteriorate for the next 10 years at which time I was so 
physically incapacitated I was hospitalized with suspected heart 
impairment. At that time I had little muscle coordination, slurred 
speech, and cognitive difficulties. These symptoms would continue for 
long periods of time or be episodic, lasting for an hour at a time, but 
always persistent. I spent 1 week in the hospital at a cost exceeding 
$70,000. I finally left against medical advice when I was told that my 
heart was erratic and I needed a pacemaker, but the remaining symptoms 
must be of a Psychiatric nature because 1 week of tests with many 
specialists could not identify a physiological basis for my condition. 
It was recommended that I be moved to the psychiatric ward for 2 to 3 
weeks and be drugged to see if the symptoms disappeared while at the 
same time addressing my heart arrhythmia with a pacemaker. During my 
entire stay I persisted on my assertion that my condition must be 
connected to Lyme Disease. I was told that an additional blood test 
performed during my stay there was again negative. I left the hospital 
against medical advice with the complete support of my wife and family. 
I went back to visit the heart specialist that diagnosed my heart 
condition and asked him if he was aware of the impact of Lyme Disease 
on a human heart. He said he was ignorant about Lyme. It was at that 
point I was convinced I had made the right decision not to have a 
pacemaker installed, which as I understand it, is for life. It was now 
April 2004 and I continued to physically and mentally deteriorate. 
Every time I would see a doctor they wanted to rush me to the hospital 
for fear of a heart attack or stroke. I declined their invitation for 
the hospital visit every time. The remaining Lyme symptoms, other than 
chest pains and an irregular heartbeat, were always assumed to be 
emotional after looking at previous batteries of tests and completions 
of new tests. My work was almost impossible to perform. Besides having 
difficulty in work, I had very little quality of life. My family was 
very supportive of me, but I was almost becoming a vegetable in 
constant pain and suffering which greatly affected my life and the 
lives of the loved ones around me. I have seven children and I could 
barely mange the physical and mental strength to support them at 
graduations, wedding and other important functions, let alone serve the 
regular needs that children have for a father. Only a wife as strong, 
loving, and empathetic as mine could care for someone in my place. I 
have to say that my condition deteriorated to the point that I did not 
want to live. If I chose not to live in my condition the doctors would 
have appeared to have been correct in their original diagnosis when in 
fact, their incorrect diagnosis could have resulted in a tragedy. For 
the next 4 years I gave up searching for a Lyme literate doctor and 
succumbed to existing in life just for the sake of my family. 
Fortunately, I could work limited hours because I was self-employed. If 
I had to rely on outside employment I would be relegated to 
unemployment disability. My attorneys tried to convince me many times 
to go on welfare. My ability to reason and my business intellect was 
greatly impaired. I felt that if I accepted welfare and stopped 
striving to be productive at any level, I would continue a downward 
spiral to an existence that would be tantamount to purgatory.
    In 2008 I made a friend who had been battling Chronic Lyme and she 
referred me to an excellent doctor that was extremely Lyme literate. My 
friend had not worked for 2 years, was almost bed-ridden every day, but 
now was slowly becoming a productive individual again. Thanks to her 
referral to this doctor I was able to start combating my disease. 
Thanks to Senator Blumenthal's work in Connecticut while he was 
Attorney General, this doctor was more comfortable treating Lyme with 
long term antibiotics. He immediately diagnosed Lyme Disease and 
informed me that the laboratory tests for Lyme Disease were not very 
often accurate. I asked him to have my blood tested anyway as he 
informed me that there were preferential tests and laboratories that 
might increase the level of reporting accuracy. My test came back 
positive, however, the level of infection was not high enough to be 
required to be reported to the Center for Disease Control even though I 
could hardly walk, speak, or reason, and was in incredible pain. This 
told me that whatever figures are reported for Lyme infection are 
grossly under-reported due to inaccurate testing or misdiagnosis. After 
2\1/2\ years of treatment by this doctor I had some improvement, but 
still was very much incapacitated. During that time period I heard of 
other alternative treatments and inquired to him his thoughts on some 
of these treatments. He said he was not against alternative treatments, 
but he was familiar with many of them and that he did not see much 
success, however, one he identified as observing a high degree of 
success. I asked him if he could prescribe it for me. He could not do 
this as it was not FDA approved. I asked him why this was the case and 
it was, in his opinion, because it did not involve drugs and therefore 
pharmaceutical companies had no incentive to invest time and money for 
research and FDA approval. One and a half years ago I was fortunate to 
find someone to help me with this treatment and I am now getting my 
life and my family's life back again. I am becoming productive, happy, 
and healthy. I am not on disability, I earn money, and I enjoy my 
children and grandchildren, and am very involved in charity and 
community work. In fact, I am on the board and or chairperson to 
foundations that oversee assets in excess of $25 million. This past 
year I was awarded the ``Citizen of the Year'' award in my community. 
All this after I was perceived as physically and mentally challenged 
with little hope of recovery. Now, not only have I been able to 
recapture my life, but I am proud to say, I have significantly 
contributed positively to the lives of others. This has been made 
possible because I was fortunate to meet a Lyme victim, meet an M.D. 
who was not afraid to accept and treat Lyme patients, and an anonymous 
person who is willing to help Lyme victims with alternative medicine 
not accepted by most of the medical profession or the FDA. I am sure 
you know that much of the medical profession still does not believe in 
Chronic Lyme. It is because of this that insurance companies can 
decline benefits for most Lyme treatment except for early stages which 
requires 2 weeks of inexpensive antibiotics.
    Now that I have been fortunate to receive successful treatment my 
heart goes out to all those victims that cannot afford to pay out-of-
pocket when insurance companies decline coverage, who do not know where 
to find a Lyme literate doctor who can treat patients without fear of 
prosecution from States and medical boards, or who can find help with 
remedies outside FDA approval. The worse experience I had was not being 
able to have confirmation of my illness for so long. You cannot meet a 
challenge if you cannot identify it. Let's please learn how we can 
affectively identify this horrible disease, and then how we can treat 
it. We then must educate the medical profession, the public, and 
insurance companies, to give Lyme victims a chance for life. Living 
with untreated Chronic Lyme is not life to live. Aside from the 
personal pain and suffering, there is a tremendous cost associated with 
this disease. I know of many people that are totally disabled from this 
disease and society is picking up the check. Research with national 
attention and money will make lives and families whole again and will 
pay social and financial dividends way beyond your imagination. I have 
seven children across the country. Lyme is very prevalent in the 
Northeast, but there are many cases being reported West from here. 
Either the disease is spreading, or its awareness is increasing. Most 
doctors in other parts of this country are 20 years behind Lyme 
literacy here in the East. If Lyme in its early stages is identified, 
it can easily be treated with great success. The only reason I knew I 
was infected with Lyme was because my co-worker was infected with an 
identical ``Bulls Eye'' as mine at the same time. He was a veteran and 
was having a routine exam when the VA identified his Lyme infection. 
They prescribed 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment and to this day he has 
not had any Lyme symptoms. I figured that if I got sick I could go to a 
doctor and receive the same antibiotic treatment and be fine. The 
longer you wait, the harder it is to eradicate, and this is only if you 
have a Lyme literate medical profession with accurate testing. Look, my 
doctor said my test was negative, which was correct, but the test was 
wrong!
    At this point in time, I am well and productive much of each week 
and I savor at the relief I have and the productive life I am leading 
compared to 10 years of almost complete incapacity to perform everyday 
tasks. A little help can go a long way. That is all we Lyme victims are 
looking for, a little help. I applaud Senator Blumenthal for all he has 
done in the past and his continuing effort. Please help him and all 
Lyme victims. By the way, my heart is medically sound without any 
pacemaker, and now my heart goes out to all Lyme victims who have not 
been as fortunate as me.
    Thank for your time and attention to this matter.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    I know that each of you have written testimony, and I would 
welcome your submitting it for the record. We will make it part 
of the record. This hearing is a formal hearing of a 
congressional committee, and so it will be in the record, the 
formal proceedings of the U.S. Congress. Anything that you want 
to submit in writing, please feel free to do so.
    And I will announce, also, at the end of this hearing that 
we will take submissions from anyone who is here or anyone who 
would like to submit statements for the record. We will make 
them part of the record. So we want to make this hearing as 
inclusive as possible, both for the scientific community and 
for laymen and patients and so forth.
    So thank you for your testimony.
    Katy. Thank you.

             STATEMENT OF KATY REID, RIDGEFIELD, CT

    Ms. Reid. Thank you. I feel honored to be invited to talk 
to you today about my experience as a patient with Lyme 
disease. I most want for you to understand that this did not 
have to happen. I didn't have to be sick for over 11 years. It 
was a choice made by doctors in the State of Connecticut who 
ignored the possibility that my symptoms could be Lyme disease.
    Instead, I spent years enduring stressful misdiagnoses from 
every type of specialist, with accompanying inaccurate 
medications and their frightening side effects. Finally, in 
2002, I received a diagnosis and the start of treatment for not 
only Lyme disease but two co-infections, Babesia and 
Bartonella. Without a Lyme literate doctor's courage, I would 
not be standing here to tell my story.
    In 2004, Senator Blumenthal invited me to speak to 
legislators about what it was like to be a college student 
suffering from Lyme disease, which was essentially impossible. 
I spoke about driving home every weekend to have my IV port 
cleaned and redressed. The student health staff at UConn were 
unwilling to handle those needs and made it clear that they 
felt chronic Lyme does not exist.
    I explained how my school work suffered as inadequate 
classroom accommodations could not counter the effects of a 
brain that could no longer remember and fatigue so crippling 
that showering used all of my energy. It reminded me of high 
school, where, again, measures taken for Lyme disease by the 
school administration were disgracefully inappropriate. After 
12 years at the top of my class, I finished my senior year at 
the alternative high school. I had surpassed the material being 
covered, and there was little they could do but warehouse me 
until graduation.
    Friendships did little to negate that grief, disappearing 
quickly under the strain of this particular illness. I was 
excluded from group projects because they worried my failing 
memory would affect their grades. Sports teammates no longer 
found anything in common with me. And later, the endless 
traumas beyond their comprehension and the constant cancelled 
plans forced even my closest friends to move on.
    After college, while receiving continued care for this 
illness, I began a support group for young adults. Attendees 
arrived from all over Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. 
The sentiment support groups often acknowledge is that they are 
waiting until they are fully recovered before attempting any 
form of true social life. They find it easier to have no 
friends at all than to feel the weight of endlessly 
disappointing others.
    Attendees discuss how they will not date, marry, or have 
children as a chronic Lyme disease patient. This reflects the 
rejection this illness has forced on them time after time and 
fear created by a lack of information. They don't want to 
burden a partner with the responsibilities of caretaking and 
still have no clear answer to other concerns, like whether Lyme 
can be spread through sexual transmission, because the research 
has not been completed.
    So many young people take the failures of science and 
funding onto themselves, refusing to get close to anyone. 
Seventeen- and eighteen-year-old girls have made the decision 
not to have children rather than risk the possibility of 
bringing a child into the world with a tick-borne illness.
    How sad that our infirmed youth feel more personal 
responsibility in this regard than the medical world itself. 
How sad that patients like me, numbered in the thousands, have 
come to the conclusion that the medical community we once 
revered is failing to acknowledge the human anguish in front of 
them, and that any hope of progress has fallen to us on an 
individual level.
    Money, determination, and, frankly, indignation have fueled 
my personal recovery. But as each symptom has slowly 
dissipated--night sweats, facial agnosia, bells palsy, hair 
loss, memory loss, debilitating fatigue, severe stomach 
problems, endocrine and hormone disruption, personality 
changes, and learning disabilities, to name just a few--what 
remains are the emotional side effects of an illness that I'm 
still told doesn't exist.
    I testified in 2004, and I am here again today. I am 
thankful for the opportunity but wonder how many times we can 
document the pain of constituents without change. What more 
needs to happen before this illness is taken seriously? 
Families are falling apart and going broke over Lyme disease. 
Young adults unable to hold down jobs lay in bed, aging out of 
their parents' insurance policies. Some make the decision to 
live a half-functioning life because there are no clear or 
affordable options.
    We are the State where this illness was first recognized in 
America. Yet we teach nothing about tick-borne disease 
prevention in our schools. In my early life, I had heard about 
Lyme disease as a joke from doctors, peers, and other parents. 
And now, unnecessarily, I have carried the burden of Lyme for 
over a third of my existence. I refuse to witness my pain 
played out in the children across Connecticut who are 
participating in sports, going camping, and playing with their 
dogs, completely unaware of the risk that awaits them.
    I support this bill, and I support Senator Blumenthal.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Ms. Reid follows:]

            Prepared Statement of Katy Reid, Ridgefield, CT

    I have always told people that I've been sick for over 11 years. 
But, there is something inherently wrong with that statement. It 
implies bad luck, chance, something beyond the realm of our control. 
But this experience was forced on me. It wasn't accidental. I didn't 
have to be sick for over 11 years but doctors in the State of 
Connecticut chose to ignore the possibility that my multitude of 
symptoms could be Lyme disease. They were more comfortable watching me 
suffer month after month than exploring the possibility that my mother 
suggested to them on our very first visit to the hospital--Lyme 
disease. I entered the emergency room with a stiff neck, facial palsy 
and high fever and left with a diagnosis of sinusitis. Why listen to 
the mother of a cross-country runner, Girl Scout, soccer and lacrosse 
player, hiker, camper and outdoor enthusiast? Because, really, when 
could I have been exposed? It didn't matter that she had seen my sister 
decline in a similar fashion and recover after a Lyme disease 
diagnosis, or that she herself had her health return with a long-term 
antibiotic regimen for the same illness. Without a bulls-eye rash, a 
known tick bite or the arthritic experience, the consideration was 
deemed ridiculous. Derogatory comments about Lyme not being contagious 
and veiled implications of Munchausen Syndrome abounded. The approved 
approach, instead, was to visit an expert in the field for each 
individual symptom, of which there were too many to keep count. Whether 
it was the endocrinologist, neurologist, gynecologist, psychiatrist, 
internist or pediatrician, they shook their heads when their protocol 
of choice failed and sent me off to the next one.
    After years of stressful misdiagnoses, in addition to the 
experience of enduring illness, we were able to eventually find doctors 
willing to diagnose and treat not only the Lyme Disease I ended up 
having but also the two co-infections, Babesia and Bartonella. However, 
it was at a huge cost to both parties. The doctors risked their careers 
caring for me and my parents risked their savings on treatment plans 
and medications.
    I feel so honored to be chosen to testify today, as I was in 2004 
when I joined Senator Blumenthal to testify at a hearing on Lyme 
disease in Hartford. Honored, not because my story is unique, but 
because being given the opportunity to tell it gives meaning to the 
years I lost, bed-ridden and angry. And honored, also, because this 
illness stripped away the moments when I used to feel special or 
important and I cherish the times when those feelings return. I used to 
describe myself as social, smart, athletic. But Lyme disease took that 
all away. It made my previous grades impossible, A's became F's, I 
dropped out of varsity-level athletics due to fatigue, and I watched as 
major milestones of adolescence like prom, first job, first boyfriend, 
best friends, were ruined by symptomology and lack of understanding.
    In 2004, I said that I wanted our State to care more about its 
children. Still angry from what this disease had unjustly cost me I 
sought a fresh start as far away as possible; California. When I came 
back after college, in part to receive continued care for this illness, 
not much had changed despite the continued efforts of patients and 
activists. I began a support group for young adults to be able to 
contribute to the community that had provided me with the information 
to advocate for my own care. Based in Ridgefield, our support group is 
geared towards young adults aged 16-30 and I can tell you that my 
experience is being retold through the lives of each person who walks 
through that door. Attendees arrive from all over Connecticut and 
others have their parents drive them from as far away as New Jersey and 
upstate New York. There are many more whose experiences leave them bed-
ridden during the meeting times, with e-mails of apology awaiting me 
when I get back home. Parents contact me often; lost, struggling to 
understand an illness that has changed every aspect of the child they 
knew, hoping that my support group will return their loved ones some of 
what they've lost; whether its common compassion or a burgeoning 
friendship.
    There are so many patient stories that recount the long-term 
suffering of misdiagnosed and undertreated Lyme patients that those who 
live in the world of chronic Lyme Disease have almost become numb to 
them. You simply need to go online, search for a book, or watch Under 
Our Skin to hear about the physical, emotional and psychological 
damage. In an effort not to be repetitious I have chosen to speak to 
you today about some of the lesser discussed, yet shockingly common 
experiences of the support group attendees. I will utilize my own 
illness memories to bring familiarity to the collective experience I 
have been witness to.
    To begin with, while it is clear from the testimony of my fellow 
panelists, as well as my aforementioned scenarios, that there are many 
shortcomings of the medical world in terms of tick-borne diseases, 
these institutions are not the only ones that need reform in this 
regard. Schools, work environments and government assistance programs 
all fail when it comes to accommodating the needs created by chronic 
Lyme disease. They choose not to acknowledge its existence, let alone 
aid the sufferers.
    In 2004 in my speech I wanted legislators to know what it was like 
to be a college student suffering from Lyme Disease in the State of 
Connecticut, which is, essentially, impossible. Every weekend I drove 
home to have my IV port cleaned and re-dressed. The student health 
staff at UConn was ill-equipped to handle my needs and the accompanying 
lectures about chronic Lyme disease not really existing added extra 
stress to an already stressful freshman year. Doctors had to carefully 
re-work my illness into another diagnosis in order for me to qualify 
for disability services, chronic fatigue being more universally 
accepted. But, disability services proved to be ineffective, anyway. 
Accommodations like note takers and extra time on tests were 
insignificant measures to counter the effects of a brain that could no 
longer remember and fatigue so crippling that showering used my daily 
allotment of energy. But, it's interesting how quickly these 
experiences become normalized. This wasn't the first time the 
educational system failed to understand my new needs. My senior year of 
high school, with a growing list of absences and slipping grades, I was 
moved to the Alternative High School. After 12 years at the top end of 
my class I finished my 13th, and final, year in a one-classroom school 
with a group of very troubled youth. Having previously surpassed the 
material of the classes they were teaching I spent most of the school 
hours doodling in a notebook or sleeping on the couch, essentially 
being in a holding pen 8 hours a day for 6 months until I was allowed 
to graduate. I met some compassionate and wonderful people through that 
experience but it was not an appropriate placement. And I continue to 
feel repercussions from the transfer, being excluded from class 
reunions from the traditional high school to this day.
    I would say that friends helped counterbalance the negative 
administrative portion of the school experience but, unfortunately, 
that was not the case. This highlights my next topic; the medical 
viewpoint of the nonexistence of chronic Lyme disease has infiltrated 
popular opinion in society, for everyone except for those who have 
experienced it firsthand. The alienation that young people feel can 
have a significantly negative impact, lasting beyond recovery. It is 
amazingly swift, the rate friendships disappear with the strain of this 
particular illness. When I was first diagnosed I watched this begin to 
happen. I was excluded from group projects because they worried my 
failing memory would affect their grades, teammates found they had 
nothing in common with me when I could no longer compete, and others, 
more bluntly, told me they just couldn't handle being around someone 
who was sick. They considered themselves experts in my disease and I 
was told after months of bed-ridden periods and dark moments of 
depression that ``Lyme doesn't do that, and it certainly doesn't last 
this long.'' My closest friends stood by me but now, 11 years later, 
that is no longer true. Each one eventually grew tired of cancelled 
plans and the one-sided nature of having a friend undergoing continuous 
traumas beyond their comprehension. At 27 years old I can count the 
number of friends I have with less fingers needed to fill a hand, and 
half of them are my family members. When forming new relationships I 
have been conditioned to dread the moment they find out that I have had 
chronic Lyme Disease. When it inevitably comes up that I've been sick 
for a long period of time, sympathy abounds. But then, there's a moment 
of internal hesitation before I say my diagnoses, knowing that this 
will be the point in time where their opinion of my experience will 
change for the worse. Attendees of the support group often say that 
they are waiting until they are fully recovered before attempting any 
form of sociality. They find it easier to have no friends at all than 
to feel the weight of endlessly disappointing others. I hear them 
yearn, aloud, that they had some other illness that people wouldn't 
find so easy to judge. They talk about how they wish they had Cancer 
instead just so people wouldn't be so comfortable, even righteous, 
dismissing them at their lowest moment.
    It isn't just friendships that get affected, though. Young adults 
sit around the table once a month in meeting and, devoid of emotion, 
discuss how they will not date, marry or have children as a chronic 
Lyme disease patient. In part, this is because they are afraid of the 
rejection this illness has forced on them time after time and, in part, 
this is a direct reflection of fear created by a lack of information 
and research. They don't want to burden a partner with the 
responsibilities of caretaking and share concerns of spreading the 
illness to others. The fact we know is that Lyme Disease is closely 
related to Syphilis. What we don't know, yet, is if it can also be 
spread through sexual transmission; the research has not been 
completed. So, many young people take the failures of science and 
funding onto themselves, refusing to get close to another in that way 
when the chance they could spread their pain, frustration and suffering 
to others is unclear. How sad that our infirm youth feel more personal 
responsibility in this regard than the medical world itself. The same 
logic applies to pregnancy. Seventeen- and eighteen-year-old girls have 
already made the decision not to have children rather than risk the 
possibility of bringing a child into the world with an illness they 
have so long felt the repercussions of. It is a concern I myself share, 
though I remain optimistic. Doctors always respond to my inquiries with 
a resounding ``No, transmission in utero is impossible!'' But, I find 
after a moment more of prodding that their certainty on the matter is 
based on their belief that this illness isn't even serious enough to 
consider that situation, not the presence of factual information 
backing their opinion. Other patients plod forward, hopeful, declaring 
that ``Everything happens for a reason,'' the oft-spoken and seldom 
believed mantra of Lyme disease sufferers.
    These stepping stones of adulthood that many take for granted are 
just one component of the circumstantial situations that are the 
repercussions of this illness. Families are falling apart under the 
strain, young adults are unable to hold down jobs while they lay in bed 
and age out of their parent's insurance policies, and the cost of out-
of-pocket care means that though many come to understand what they need 
to get better, they are prohibited due to financial constraints. 
Imagine making a decision at 24 that you simply have to live a half-
functioning life because there are no clear or affordable options 
available. Sometimes they find it easier to deal with a more 
universally accepted, yet inaccurate, misdiagnosis than struggle, 
alone, through the terrain of tick-borne illness.
    Lyme Disease has irrevocably changed me. I have joined the masses 
of patients who have come to the conclusion that progress begins with 
us; the institutions we once idolized failing to acknowledge the level 
of human anguish in front of them. Even when I step outside of the 
advocate arena I cannot leave these illnesses behind. My occupation has 
me in Bridgeport, CT working in the school system with approximately 80 
youth. Not one of them has ever heard of ticks or Lyme disease. Being 
inner-city their doctors have deemed preventive discussion unnecessary 
despite the fact that they often visit parks, summer camps and travel 
with their families around the State. The awareness measures completed 
through the efforts of volunteers, such as the BLAST prevention program 
and our local task force, cannot reach these areas without funding for 
growth. We are the State where this illness was first recognized in 
America and we need to be the leaders in its prevention. It is hard to 
believe that we have nothing about this illness in our school health 
and science programs and health departments are not given the funding 
and educational programming necessary to teach their communities what 
personal safety in the State truly requires.
    Money, determination and, frankly, indignation have fueled my 
personal recovery. But as each symptom has slowly dissipated I've said 
goodbye to night sweats, facial agnosia, bells palsy, hair loss, memory 
loss, debilitating fatigue, severe stomach problems, endocrine and 
hormone disruption, personality changes, learning disabilities, loss of 
word retrieval, to name just a few, only to greet the emotional side 
effects to having illnesses that have been deemed illegitimate. I 
testified in 2004 and I am here again today. I am thankful for the 
opportunity but wonder how many times we can document the pain of 
constituents without change. This bill is a great beginning and I'm 
here today in support of it, thankful to Senator Blumenthal and his 
continued efforts. My personal hope remains, as it has for the last 11 
years, to witness the cessation of suffering of Lyme disease patients 
and to never again see the events of my life played out in the children 
I see participating in sports, camping, playing with their dogs, 
experiencing childhood in the State of Connecticut unaware of the risk 
that awaits them.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you, Katy.
    [Applause.]
    Mark.

            STATEMENT OF MARK HOPWOOD, TRUMBULL, CT

    Mr. Hopwood. I have been struggling with Lyme disease for 
more than 3 years. Before the onset of symptoms, I was a very 
active parent. I owned my own business, working 12 hours a day. 
I worked out 3 to 5 days a week, ran, played tennis, golf, and 
I'm an avid martial arts practitioner.
    My symptoms started with just a little bit of 
lightheadedness and dizziness. I would climb a flight of stairs 
and I'd be out of breath, which was completely unusual for me. 
I started seeing doctors at that point, and my symptoms were 
escalating, and, eventually, they included extreme fatigue, 
where I just couldn't get out of bed, and migraines. I had 
problems with small motor skills. I had memory loss. I had 
delayed cognitive functioning. I had slurred speech. And I 
couldn't participate in normal everyday activities.
    I'm married and have three young children. And my wife and 
two of my kids are here today. The youngest of my children, who 
is not here today, hasn't known a father without Lyme disease. 
I couldn't volunteer to coach a sport. I couldn't teach my 
daughter how to ride a bicycle. I couldn't give my son piggy-
back rides. I couldn't carry a sleeping child from their car 
seat into their warm bed. My daughter would come home from 
first grade, and she would have stories and pictures she had 
drawn, and in them, my wife and other two kids were always 
central characters, but I was always in the background, sick 
and in bed.
    I mentioned that I'm a small business owner who, during the 
most challenging economic climate in a generation, was forced 
to cut my hours in half and sometimes take weeks off at a time. 
I never had a bull's-eye rash. I never found an embedded tick. 
I saw 10 different doctors over an 18-month period of time--two 
general practitioners, two otolaryngologists, an 
ophthalmologist, neurologist, cardiologist, homeopathologist, 
rheumatologist. I went through all of the ``ists.'' And I 
finally saw an infectious disease specialist.
    And in that time of seeing all of those different doctors, 
I was diagnosed with anything from a sinus infection to anxiety 
and depression, all the way to a tumor that would require brain 
surgery. When I think about it now, I am so completely 
dumbfounded that the medical community is so misinformed and 
misled about the symptoms, the treatment, and testing for Lyme 
disease. We had one doctor recently tell us that you have just 
as much of a chance of getting struck by lightning as you do 
getting Lyme disease. Another doctor recently said that even if 
you send a tick away to be tested and it comes back positive 
for Lyme, they won't treat you unless you have symptoms. And 
this is just infuriating at some points.
    But, for me, the most damage came from the doctor who 
diagnosed me with a tumor, for one, because I sat around for 6 
months at a clip waiting for MRI results to see if this spot on 
an image grew; and, secondly, because he prescribed me multiple 
courses of prednisone, which essentially shut down my immune 
system and accelerated the Lyme disease attack on my body. And 
over that period of time, things were accelerating and 
degrading so quickly that my wife and I thought for sure that I 
was either going to be permanently disabled or I was going to 
die from this.
    The infectious disease doctor was the first to suggest Lyme 
disease, and he sent a Western Blot test off to Stony Brook 
labs. And he informed me, basically, ``I don't care what the 
test says when it comes back. I'm treating you for Lyme, 
because those tests are notoriously inaccurate.'' I will 
forever be in debt to that doctor. My test did come back 
positive, and the response then was, ``Oh, you're one of the 
lucky ones. This is going to help with insurance.''
    So due to the fact that I am self-employed, I pay for my 
own private healthcare coverage. And when I add that cost to my 
co-pays uncovered, office visits, and medicines, over the last 
12 months alone--and it's been a 3-year and 4-month battle to 
this point--so over just the last 12 months, I've spent $30,000 
in cash out-of-pocket in treatments. And this is in addition to 
what the insurance company actually paid on my behalf.
    It's been 22 months since receiving the proper diagnosis 
and finding the right doctors, and I have made tremendous 
progress. I can now shoot hoops in the driveway with my son. I 
can give piggy-back rides to my youngest. And I am now an 
essential character in my daughter's wonderful stories.
    However, each morning, I still awake wondering how I will 
feel that day. And it's incredibly unnerving not to know what 
kind of person you're going to be from one day to the next or 
what you'll be capable of. I struggle to play catch-up on 3 
years worth of lost time, both at home and at work. And I have 
a daily fear that my health will decline once again or 
permanently, and I will become the shadow of a husband and 
father that I was just a few months ago.
    Overall, I do feel blessed now that I have more good days 
than bad. However, as grateful as I am, I can't help but wonder 
how different my life would be had that first doctor or the 
second doctor or even the third doctor had some level of 
competence about the symptoms of this disease and made the 
proper diagnosis. My children wouldn't have to ask each and 
every morning, and they do, ``How are you feeling today, 
Daddy?''--so that they will know what version of their father 
they'll get for the day.
    And as everybody up here keeps repeating, obviously, my 
story is not rare, and I personally know far too many people 
who have had a similar or worse experience. And I am grateful 
as well that patients have a voice here today, as most of the 
dialog or lack thereof has completely excluded those who 
actually are suffering from this debilitating disease.
    For too long, many Lyme patients have been marginalized 
and, in the worst, have been characterized as hysterics. And in 
my experience, long-term Lyme disease sufferers are extremely 
well educated on the disease and, in most cases, more so than 
their doctors and medical panelists that are making decisions 
on policy.
    The thing about patients is that they have no institutional 
alliances. They have no industry ties. They have nothing 
financial to gain and no hidden agenda. Our only wish is for 
greater awareness, accurate testing, and effective treatments 
for Lyme disease and its related co-infections.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Hopwood follows:]

                   Prepared Statement of Mark Hopwood

    I have been struggling with Lyme disease for more than 3 years. 
Before the onset of symptoms, I was an active parent, worked 12 hours a 
day at my own business, worked out 3-5 times per week, was a runner, 
played tennis and golf, and was an avid martial arts practitioner.
    My symptoms started with dizziness and fatigue and escalated to 
debilitating fatigue, migraine headaches, heart palpitations, 
difficulty with small motor skills, delayed cognitive processing, and 
short-term memory loss. I could not participate in normal every day 
activities.
    I am married and have three young children. The youngest of whom 
hasn't known a father without Lyme disease. I could not volunteer to 
coach a sport, teach my daughter to ride her bike, give piggy back 
rides, or carry a sleeping toddler from the car into their warm bed. 
When my daughter would bring home the stories she had written for her 
1st grade class, my wife and kids were central figures, but I was 
always in the background, sick and in bed.
    I am a small business owner who, during the most challenging 
economic climate in a generation, was forced to cut my hours in half 
and sometimes miss work for weeks at a time. I am the sole bread winner 
for my family. My wife has been out of the workforce since she became 
pregnant with my now 9-year-old son. When I did feel well, I had to 
dedicate almost all of my time to catching up on work so that I could 
provide for my family. In my desire to provide, the most important 
things a man gives to his wife and children were sacrificed--time, 
attention, and being ``present.'' Work always got the best version of 
me while my family always got the worst. Without a diagnosis and my 
health continuing to erode, my wife and I were preparing for the worst. 
We were trying to figure out how she could get back into the workforce 
while caring for three young children and a disabled husband.
    I never had a bull's-eye rash and I never found an embedded tick. I 
went to 10 different doctors over an 18-month period before receiving 
the proper diagnosis. I was erroneously diagnosed with everything from 
a sinus infection, to depression, to a tumor. Looking back on it now, I 
am dumbfounded that so many doctors were so uninformed or misled about 
the symptoms, testing, and treatment for Lyme Disease. One doctor said, 
``You have as much of a chance of getting struck by lightning as you do 
contracting Lyme Disease.'' Another doctor diagnosed me with anxiety 
and depression after a 10-minute visit during which he never asked if I 
felt anxious or depressed. The most damage came from a doctor who 
prescribed multiple courses of Prednisone, which provided temporary 
relief but ultimately caused the disease to accelerate its attack on my 
body. My wife became my primary care physician, doing research online, 
making appointments with two general practitioners, two 
otolaryngologists, an ophthalmologist, neurologist, cardiologist, 
homeopathologist, rheumatologist, and finally an infectious disease 
specialist. The infectious disease doctor was the first to suggest Lyme 
Disease and sent a Western Blot test off to Stony Brook Labs. He 
informed me, ``Regardless of what the test shows, I'm still going to 
treat you for Lyme Disease because the tests are notoriously 
inaccurate.'' When my test game back positive, I was told ``You are one 
of the lucky ones. This will help with insurance coverage.''
    Due to the fact that I am self-employed, I pay for private health 
care coverage. When I add the insurance premiums, co-pays, un-covered 
treatments, and medicine over the past 12 months alone, I have spent 
more than $30,000 out-of-pocket. This is in addition to the medical 
costs my insurance company has paid on my behalf.
    It's been 22 months since receiving the proper diagnosis and 
finding the right doctors. I have made tremendous progress but I am not 
nearly where I was prior to Lyme disease. With my improved health, my 
small business has regained its footing. More importantly, I can now 
shoot hoops with my oldest son, give piggy back rides to my youngest 
son, and I am now a central character in my daughter's wonderful 
stories. However, each morning I awake wondering how well I will feel 
that day. I struggle to find balance when trying to play catch-up on 3 
years of lost time and opportunities at home and work. I still have a 
daily fear that my health will decline and I will revert to the shadow 
of a husband and father I was just a few months ago. Just days before 
writing this letter, I was in bed for 3 consecutive days, completely 
debilitated, without warning.
    Overall, I feel blessed that I finally am having more good days 
than bad. However, as grateful as I am, I can't help but wonder how 
different my life would be had my doctors been more aware of, or had a 
reliable test for, vector-borne illnesses. If my first, second, or even 
third doctor had the proper diagnoses, my recovery would have only 
required a few dollars for 30 days of antibiotics. My children wouldn't 
have to ask every morning, ``How are you feeling today Daddy?'' trying 
to gauge which version of their father they will get today.
    The most frightening aspect of my story is that it is not rare. I 
personally know far too many people who have had a similar or worse 
experience. I am grateful that patients have been given a voice here 
today as most of the dialogue (or lack thereof) has excluded those 
actually suffering from this debilitating disease. For too long, many 
Lyme patients have been marginalized or characterized as hysterics. In 
my experience, long-term Lyme patients are extremely well-educated on 
the disease and in some cases more so than some doctors and medical 
board members. We have no institutional allegiances, no industry ties, 
nothing financial to gain, and no hidden agenda. Our only wish is for 
greater awareness, accurate testing, and effective treatments for Lyme 
Disease and related co-infections.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Again, I really want to thank each of you for your very 
eloquent and moving stories and for the courage to come forward 
and talk about them. It's not easy to do.
    Maybe I could ask a general question for all of you. We 
were talking a little bit before the session began, and I said 
we were going to have some experts following you. And then I 
sort of caught myself and said, ``Well, you know, you really 
are the experts.'' The patients are the ones who bring a 
perspective to this discussion. The 3,000--and there are 3,000 
patients, victims, every year. Again, that 3,000 probably is 
only one-tenth of the number every year who suffer from Lyme 
disease.
    But I wonder if I could ask you what you think are the most 
needed steps that can be taken at the national level. Knowing 
about the bill that we've introduced, which I regard as just a 
kind of down payment, a first step, what do you think are the 
steps that ought to be taken through the National Institutes of 
Health or the Center for Disease Control, or other agencies 
that can and should do more to develop research and treatments? 
I'll ask that as a general question.
    Mr. Harris. Well, again, I think the most important thing 
is to be able to identify it. You know, there's a lot of talk 
about short-term Lyme, long-term Lyme, chronic Lyme. Forget how 
long it can exist. If you can at least identify it to begin 
with, that's a start. And I think that's been the biggest 
problem.
    My concern is I think there are a lot of treatments out 
there, herbal, an array of things that may not be drug related 
necessarily. But once you have a good reliable way of 
identifying the disease, I think research should be done to see 
what could be done to alleviate the symptoms, even if it never 
goes away. I'm leading a life 3\1/2\ days a week. He's leading 
a life longer. You sound like you're doing better than both of 
us.
    My experience has been unless pharmaceuticals do research, 
and the results can make them money, there's very little places 
to go to offer research where there's not money to be made. 
What has helped me would not make any money for any 
pharmaceutical company. Therefore, I believe that's the reason 
there's been no research, and yet it has changed my life 
incredibly.
    [Applause.]
    You know, a doctor who heard I was getting this treatment 
said,

          ``Well, you know, we don't know if there's going to 
        be any long-term effects. You may not be able to have a 
        baby in 20 years, Dwight. But you're 64. Don't worry 
        about it.''

    At least, I have a little bit of my life back and I'm 
contributing. So I think that's the most important thing, 
identifying it and finding monies to do research for all 
things, from a practical point of view--and you'll probably get 
that from the patients--what seems to work and figure out why 
it works. Then figure out what the ill effects may be, if any.
    Senator Blumenthal. Anybody have anything--Katy?
    Ms. Reid. Doctor education and policy change, I would say, 
No. 1, because of the trickle-down effect that results from it. 
When young people are trying to do anything, it's all a result 
of the very beginning, where their primary care doctor found 
them and felt like their medical condition stood. Whether 
they're trying to get into disability services or get things 
covered by insurance, it all begins with that first visit to 
the doctor with the very beginning symptoms. I think that's 
where everything needs to change, and the rest will come as a 
byproduct of that.
    Mr. Hopwood. And to add to that, the fact that you do have 
the CDC definition of what Lyme disease is, but based on their 
tests, is a really damaging thing, because these doctors--I've 
talked to them. I've talked to my pediatrician. I've talked to 
my own doctors. And they say, ``Oh, well, this is what the CDC 
says Lyme disease is, and if you don't have it, you don't have 
it.'' Also the IDSA coming out and making claims as to what 
Lyme disease is or isn't--these are the things that these 
doctors are quoting to me, personally, and it's incredibly 
damaging.
    If there was some standard that said, ``Look, this is what 
it is. This is how it should be treated.'' There's clearly not 
enough research on it to define it in the way that you're 
defining it. So that falls right into doctor education.
    And the second thing is a definitive test, because the 
tests now, as most of you know, don't actually test to see if 
you have the disease. It's whether or not you have the 
antibodies to the disease. So nobody really knows. And they're 
so inaccurate that, in some cases, they're almost useless. It's 
more useful to have a doctor that knows what they're talking 
about than the tests.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Blumenthal. Katy alluded to the second area that I 
wanted to ask you about, insurance practices. I've talked to 
you over time about the insurance policies and the problems 
that each of you have encountered. I wonder if you could talk 
about that a little bit. Maybe we can begin with Katy.
    Ms. Reid. I believe that Lyme disease has become almost an 
elitist illness, because you need a certain level of affluence 
to recover from it, unfortunately. I see so many young people 
in the support group who literally know what they need to get 
better and cannot afford that. And I think that's disgraceful 
that people lay in bed and know exactly which doctors they need 
to go see, which medications they need to be on, and it's just 
too far out of their reach. It's just disgraceful.
    Senator Blumenthal. They can't afford it because----
    Ms. Reid. Insurance won't cover it, or they've aged out of 
insurance. They've been too infirmed to be able to hold down a 
job, yet they don't qualify for medical disability because Lyme 
is not recognized.
    Senator Blumenthal [continuing]. Right.
    Mr. Harris. I've had people practically break down in tears 
that said, ``Oh, my gosh, Dwight, I wish I could see some of 
the doctors you've seen, but my insurance company won't pay for 
it, and I can't get the help''--basically the same thing. I 
mentioned I spent over $100,000 in a hospital in 1 week. 
Fortunately, Lyme wasn't mentioned so they covered it. If it 
was Lyme, I probably wouldn't have been.
    But the treatment I'm getting now--that's another thing. 
It's very inexpensive. Yet the people that have told me about 
it are afraid for fear of prosecution for sharing with others. 
So I believe there are some alternative means of being treated, 
but we're not allowed to share it, or they've asked to remain 
anonymous, and I feel very sad about not being able to share 
that. But I do feel the insurance companies definitely use the 
opportunity not to pay insurance.
    By the way, if I was identified, which I thought I had for 
14 years and told the hospital--we spent $100,000. That is 
still a cost. It wasn't to come out of my pocket. It came out 
of the insurance company's. But it is still a cost that has to 
be borne. If it was identified as Lyme to begin with, the 
insurance company could have saved $100,000. You multiply that 
many times, then, hopefully, insurance premiums in general 
should come down. So there's a cost savings that's very 
important there.
    Mr. Hopwood. For me, I've been more fortunate than most on 
what my insurance provider has covered. But it still is guiding 
what treatments I was receiving. For example, I've been on a 
PICC line for IV antibiotics on two separate occasions, once 
for 3 months and once for 6 months, and they covered it. 
However, the only IV antibiotic they would allow was not the 
one that my doctor thought would be the best one for me, but 
not the one that would be covered. So there's been some of 
that.
    Also, I'm on about $300 to $400 worth of naturopathic 
medicine that's not covered because it's not considered real 
medicine because a pharmaceutical company didn't develop it. 
And right now, I am trying to get approval for a third round of 
IV antibiotics, and we're waiting, but they're doubtful that it 
will be covered. And in that case, I would have to pay for that 
entirely out-of-pocket.
    And then, last--and I think probably one of the most 
scandalous aspects of it--is that the good doctors, the doctors 
who are actually on the front lines who know what they're 
talking about, have been threatened by medical boards and by 
insurance companies----
    [Applause]
    Mr. Hopwood [continuing]. Out of accepting insurance. So 
now the doctors who really know what they're talking about, out 
of a threat to their own financial livelihoods, have to say, 
``I'm sorry, but I can't be affiliated with any of these 
insurance providers.'' So now I pay--there's one doctor we were 
considering going to. It was $1,000 cash. I pay $500 cash every 
time I go to see my doctor. So, again, that's the same thing. 
You're creating this thing where only the affluent--not that 
I'm particularly affluent. I just can stack it on my credit 
card.
    Senator Blumenthal. Well, we could go on with each of you, 
and, altogether, you have been enormously helpful. And I know 
that apart from this public forum, each of you have shared 
information with me and with my staff, which I tremendously 
appreciate, and I know that you speak for many others in the 
kind of eloquent witness that you've borne to the effects of 
this disease. So I want to thank each of you for being here 
today.
    And insofar as there are young people, Katy, who may be in 
your support group and need help from my office, as you know, 
we give a lot of priority to helping people when they have 
problems with insurance companies. And we can't always win, but 
we fight as hard as we can. So if you want to talk further 
about some of those individual cases, I'd be happy to do so.
    Ms. Reid. Thank you.
    Senator Blumenthal. In the meantime, thank you so much for 
being here today. It has enormous meaning. Thank you.
    Mr. Hopwood. Thank you.
    Mr. Harris. Thank you, and thank you for your help.
    [Applause.]
    Senator Blumenthal. We are enormously fortunate to be 
joined today by three of Connecticut's and the Nation's leading 
professionals in this area. Dr. Kirby Stafford has a Ph.D. in 
entomology and is currently the chief entomologist of the 
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station in New Haven, 
which, as you know, is nationally renowned. He has studied the 
deer tick extensively, and he brings a background focus on 
prevention through tick eradication.
    Dr. Katz is a physician with years of experience in 
treating Lyme patients. He is a member of the Yale School of 
Medicine faculty. He is an assistant clinical professor there. 
He was educated at the Sackler School of Medicine in Tel Aviv, 
Israel. He has written and spoken extensively and is highly 
regarded across the Nation.
    Dr. Joann Petrini has a Ph.D. in health research and a 
master's in public health. She serves as director of Clinical 
Outcomes and Health Services Research at the Western 
Connecticut Health Network (WCHN), which is located in Danbury. 
WCHN has introduced the groundbreaking Lyme Disease Registry 
project, and it aims to collect broad data on different 
presentations of Lyme in hopes of improving detection and 
treatment. I have visited their facilities, and I've been very 
impressed by the work that they are doing. And, again, they are 
gaining a reputation across Connecticut and the country.
    So I want to ask them to come forward, please.
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Stafford, why don't we begin with your testimony, if 
you would.

STATEMENT OF KIRBY C. STAFFORD, III, Ph.D., CHIEF ENTOMOLOGIST, 
   CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION, NEW HAVEN, CT

    Mr. Stafford. Thank you, Senator, for the invitation to 
speak here this morning and provide some perspective on 
prevention, which I think is the first line that people should 
consider as they wrestle with this whole Lyme disease issue. 
I've heard from the patients, giving some of their personal 
stories here this morning. But please remember, too, that Lyme 
disease is actually a worldwide problem. It's very common for 
the Northern Hemisphere, ranging from the United States to 
Europe and even into Asia.
    Here in the United States, it is the most important vector-
associated disease. As you mentioned earlier, Senator, there's 
30,000 to almost 40,000 cases reported by the Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention every year, and yet that 
represents only about 10 percent of the actual diagnosed cases, 
because many cases simply are not reported. Lyme disease is 
caused by a bacterium, a spirochete called Borrelia 
burgdorferi, and is transmitted through the feeding of the 
blacklegged tick, or the deer tick, as most people know it, 
Ixodes scapularis. Out on the Pacific coast, the western 
blacklegged tick is the vector.
    It's been a long story. Lyme disease was first described 
from a cluster of human cases in the Lyme area of Connecticut 
in the mid-1970s. And it took a few years, until 1982, when the 
actual causal organism, as well, the tick, were actually 
identified. The recognition of Lyme disease here in Connecticut 
has a long history. It's tied to our geologic history and 
changing landscape patterns, with the restoration of our 
habitat, reforestation, reestablishment of some key hosts here 
in New England. And so over the past three decades, we've seen 
the infected ticks expand their range from these very local 
foci in New England along the coast and as well as the upper 
Midwest, putting more people at risk of tick bite and getting 
Lyme disease.
    By 2010, 94 percent of Lyme disease cases were reporting 
from 12 States, from Maine down to Virginia to Pennsylvania. 
Interestingly, Delaware and Connecticut had the highest 
incidence of disease with 73 and 55 cases per 100,000 
respectively. And, actually, for many, many years, Connecticut 
was the leading State in the country. But that has shifted as 
we see more and more States with more and more cases of Lyme 
disease. The other two States in the top 12, shall I say, are 
Minnesota and Wisconsin, where a separate distinct population 
of the blacklegged tick is also expanding its range.
    Of course, this is not just Lyme disease. I want to mention 
that this tick also transmits the agents of human babesiosis 
and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. These are two emerging 
tick-borne infections that are also seeing a noticeable 
increase in human cases over this past decade. We know that the 
tick can carry multiple infections with any or all three of 
these pathogens, increasing the likelihood of co-infection for 
people that are bitten by the tick, which can complicate 
diagnosis and treatment.
    Now, since the discovery of the Lyme disease agent back in 
the mid-1970s and its description in 1982, scientists--I am 
proud to say, at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment 
Station--have been at the forefront of a lot of Lyme disease 
research. Some of the very first antibody tests for both humans 
and wildlife were developed at the Experiment Station. The 
actual first isolation of this bacterium from wildlife was done 
at the Experiment Station. We've done a lot of work on studying 
the ecology of the disease as well as tick control strategies.
    Without a Lyme disease human vaccine, prevention comes down 
to basically preventing tick bite and controlling the tick, 
primarily in residential locations where people are at the 
highest risk. I want to focus the rest of my remarks on 
prevention, which is my main area of research. That research 
and that of some of my fellow researchers or investigators--
we've examined a variety of vector control approaches to 
determine their efficacy in controlling ticks.
    Chemical acaricides, that is, pesticides or insecticides, 
have been the mainstay for controlling ticks for both humans--
biting ticks--and livestock for many years. And while we know 
that ground applications of these compounds can provide highly 
effective local tick control, there's a lot of environmental 
concerns with their use, and it's kind of restricted their 
acceptance and broad use. And some new approaches, obviously, 
were needed.
    So some of these researchers--what we've looked at--the 
approaches include personal protection measures, which we know 
are effective but can be difficult sometimes for individuals to 
follow through; host management; vegetative and habitat 
modification; again, acaricide applications; host-targeted 
acaricides to mice through bait boxes and deer through 4-Poster 
stations; biological control--I've done a lot of work there--
and control with botanically derived compounds.
    Now, most of these approaches have had varying degrees of 
success. However, more work needs to be done. And, of course, 
as you all know, the incidence of Lyme disease continues to 
increase.
    There has been an expanding interest in natural or organic 
or herbal products in recent years. There has been a growing 
organic land care movement. And so my research the past several 
years has focused on biological and natural tick control 
products with support from grants from the CDC.
    For example, largely through our studies, an 
entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, has been 
registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and 
registered in most States for tick biological control to 
provide an alternative for those who do not want to use 
chemical insecticides. A product with this naturally occurring 
soil fungus is anticipated to be commercially available in 
2014.
    Just to highlight one other example involving vegetative 
management, our colleagues in Maine found that the blacklegged 
tick populations were twice as numerous in barberry-infested 
forests as in adjacent forests that did not have barberry. 
Similarly, the scientists at the Experiment Station found a 
significant difference in tick abundance between barberry-
infested and barberry-free areas. We discovered that ticks in 
the Japanese barberry infestations had a much higher rate of 
infection with the Lyme disease agent, and that removal of this 
invasive plant could reduce the number of spirochete-infected 
ticks by nearly 60 percent.
    But, unfortunately, there have been few studies that have 
integrated these approaches. But they do suggest that it is 
possible to get better tick control if you combine them. The 
problem is that the ecological dynamics of Lyme disease are 
very complex. You have a 2-year life cycle. You have many 
reservoir-competent and reservoir-incompetent hosts, and that 
complicates the effectiveness of any one approach.
    So I and some of the other scientists at the Experiment 
Station will begin evaluating an integrated tick management 
approach to try to provide a better understanding of our 
ability to prevent Lyme disease and control ticks and reduce 
risk through a cooperative agreement that I just received from 
the CDC. And another thing we want to do with this project is 
try to quantify some of the outcomes of these interventions to 
try to get a better understanding of the interaction of these 
vertebrate reservoirs and how these techniques work or do not 
work.
    Clearly, prevention and early diagnosis remain a key 
component in the management of Lyme disease. But without better 
approaches to reduce exposure to infected ticks, people will 
continue to contract Lyme disease and one or the other tick-
associated illnesses. And I just want to wrap up by noting that 
many of these management techniques are available through my 
tick management handbook that is available on the Agricultural 
Experiment Station's Web site at www.ct.gov/caes.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Mr. Stafford follows:]

           Prepared Statement of Kirby C. Stafford III, Ph.D.

    Lyme disease is one of the most important vector-associated 
diseases in the United States and the 5th most common nationally 
notifiable disease. There are around 30,000 to nearly 40,000 cases 
reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) each 
year, which likely represents only 10 percent of the diagnosed cases. 
The disease is caused by the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, which is 
transmitted in the eastern and mid-western United States by the bite of 
the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, which is more commonly known 
as the deer tick. In 2010, 94 percent of Lyme disease cases were 
reported from 12 States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, 
Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Delaware and Connecticut had the 
highest incidence of disease with 73.1 and 55.0 cases per 100,000 
population, respectively. A related tick, the western blacklegged tick, 
is responsible for the transmission of the Lyme disease bacteria in the 
Pacific coastal States. The ``deer'' tick is also responsible for 
transmitting the agents of human babesiosis and granulocytic 
anaplasmosis, two emerging tick-borne infections in the United States 
that have also seen a notable increase in human cases in the past 
decade. Furthermore, Ixodes scapularis may have single or multiple 
infections with any three of these pathogens, which would increase the 
likelihood of co-infection and possibly complicate diagnosis and 
treatment.
    Lyme disease was described from a cluster of human cases in the 
Lyme area of Connecticut in the mid-1970s. The identification of the 
Lyme disease agent and Ixodes scapularis as the vector for this 
pathogen followed in 1982. Since that time, scientists at The 
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES) have been at the 
forefront of Lyme disease related research, developing some of the 
first antibody tests, first isolating the pathogen from wildlife, 
studying the ecology of the disease, and evaluating many tick control 
strategies. Over the last three decades, we have seen infected ticks 
expand their range, putting more people at risk of tick bite and 
acquiring Lyme disease.
    In the early 1980s, populations of Ixodes scapularis were 
identified at a number of coastal sites along the northeastern coast 
from northern Massachusetts to New Jersey, but few were present at 
inland locations, a pattern originating from past geologic history and 
land use patterns. Subsequently with restoration of habitat 
(reforestation) and hosts in the 20th century, the northern population 
of Ixodes scapularis increased in abundance and expanded geographically 
from those early coastal sites. For example, we know from Experiment 
Station surveys of white-tailed deer that neither the tick nor the Lyme 
agent was present in northwestern Connecticut in 1980. That region of 
the State later had some of the highest rates of Lyme disease in 
Connecticut. The southern Mid-Atlantic States, such as Maryland and 
Virginia, have seen a steady, dramatic rise in reported Lyme disease 
cases this past decade. A separate, independent population of Ixodes 
scapularis in the upper mid-west has also been expanding southward. At 
least a few cases of Lyme disease have been reported from most States, 
the District of Columbia, and Canada, although in some cases the source 
of infection is unclear.
    We find that individuals in suburban residential developments with 
adjacent wooded tracts, and those with rural homes in woodland 
environments, where there are abundant hosts for the tick, have the 
highest risk for Lyme disease. Consequently, tick bite prevention and 
the control of vector ticks in residential locations has been the main 
approach to reducing the risk of Lyme disease. My research and that of 
other investigators have studied a variety of vector control approaches 
to determine their efficacy in reducing tick abundance. My work has 
included personal protective measures, host management, vegetative or 
habitat modification, acaricide applications, host-targeted acaricides 
to mice and deer, biological control, and control with botanically-
derived compounds. Most of these approaches have met with varying 
degrees of success, but more work needs to be done, and the incidence 
of Lyme disease continues to increase. The ecological dynamics of Lyme 
disease are complex, involving a 2-year life-cycle and many reservoir-
competent and reservoir-incompetent hosts, complicating the 
effectiveness of any single tick management strategy.
    While the ground application of acaricides can provide highly 
effective, local tick control, environmental concerns have restricted 
their acceptance and broad use. Interest in natural, organic, and 
herbal products have been on the rise in recent years and my research 
the past several years has focused on biological and ``natural'' 
product tick control with support from the CDC. Largely through our 
studies, an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, has been 
registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the 
States for tick biological control. A product with this naturally 
occurring soil fungus is anticipated to be commercially available in 
2014. Another example of the Experiment Station's work is in vegetative 
management. A study conducted by our colleagues in Maine found that 
blacklegged tick populations were twice as numerous in barberry-
infested forests as in adjacent forests without barberry. Our 
scientists at CAES had also found significant differences in tick 
abundance between barberry-infested and barberry-free areas. We 
discovered that ticks in Japanese barberry infestations had an elevated 
prevalence of infection with B. burgdorferi and that the removal of 
this invasive plant could reduce the number of spirochete-infected deer 
ticks by nearly 60 percent.
    Few studies have been done using an integrated tick management 
approach to control ticks in the environment. I and other scientists at 
the Experiment Station will be evaluating an integrated tick management 
approach to control ticks and reduce the risk of Lyme disease through a 
new cooperative agreement with the CDC. We also hope to quantify the 
epidemiological outcomes of our interventions focusing on ticks or 
vertebrate reservoirs to provide a better understanding of the ability 
of Lyme disease prevention and control strategies to reduce risk. 
Prevention remains a key component in the management of Lyme disease, 
but without better approaches to reduce exposure to infected ticks, 
many people will continue to contract Lyme disease or one of the other 
tick-associated diseases.
    Information on the ticks, disease agents they transmit, personal 
protection measures, and various tick management strategies can be 
found in the Experiment Station's Tick Management Handbook at 
www.ct.gov/caes.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Katz.

STATEMENT OF AMIRAM KATZ, M.D., ASSISTANT CLINICAL PROFESSOR OF 
             NEUROLOGY, YALE UNIVERSITY, ORANGE, CT

    Dr. Katz. Thank you, Senator Blumenthal, for giving me the 
opportunity to speak about this epidemic that we've been both 
involved with for the past 15 or 20 years. I think it's a great 
step that it reached the House level, because it is a national 
problem. And the numbers that I'm going to run by you will show 
that it is perhaps more than we even think it is.
    With the 1 to 10 ratio of the reported versus diagnosed, we 
have another 1 to 10 ratio which is quite acceptable by the 
mainstream scientific community. This is the number of patients 
that, in spite of early diagnosis and adequate treatment, will 
develop chronic illness. So, best case scenario, if you have a 
bull's-eye rash, and you get antibiotics in a timely manner, 
still 1 out of 10 will go on to develop a chronic illness which 
we believe is autoimmune in nature.
    Now, if we are going to add to this number, this 
proportion, the patients that are not diagnosed because they 
don't have a bull's-eye rash and because the tests are 
inaccurate and because of the schism in the medical community, 
then we are ending up, I believe, with the prevalence--not 
incidence, not number of cases per year--a cumulative number of 
about a half million of the American population are sick with a 
chronic illness which stemmed out of Lyme disease, and it's not 
an infection anymore.
    There might be a role to the pathogen, either dividing or 
infective or inflammatory, but the disease can be ongoing and 
perpetuating without the presence of the spirochete. That's the 
reason why this terminology of chronic Lyme disease versus 
chronic infection is very misleading.
    Recent studies, recent collaboration, between the group of 
Wormser and Klempner--Klempner did the extramural NIH study in 
the late 1990s--showed the sera of those patients who 
participated in the studies and were shown not to benefit from 
prolonged antibiotic treatment--with Dr. Aledini and Latov--
that developed new assays to detect auto-antibodies. They found 
out that 60 percent of the patients that have ``chronic,'' Lyme 
disease do not benefit from prolonged antibiotic treatment 
based on those studies--are actually showing antibodies against 
neuronal elements, which are both central and peripheral.
    So we are ending up with the morbidity which is 
inflammatory autoimmune of large proportions that is not 
addressed. And the mainstream medical community, even though it 
admits that it is present--and, actually, the first report 
about its presence came from those colleagues--at this point, 
it became a debate which is just semantic: What is chronic? 
What is infection?
    There is a disease. The disease is appreciated. More effort 
should be made to develop better assays, of course, to diagnose 
the tick disease when it is acute, but also to diagnose the 
chronic illness and to give it a better term than fibromyalgia, 
chronic fatigue, or--that's best case scenario--or psychiatric 
for this when they are not finding answers.
    So we cannot ignore the magnitude of the problem. And I 
think that if we are talking about efforts that the government 
can offer, it should be divided into--streamed into three 
different directions. One should be the improvement of the 
testing. The tests are inaccurate. We need an accurate test 
that not only will tell us if the disease is there or not, but 
what is the level of infection. Is it acute or chronic? We 
don't have accurate tests to tell us, because if the test is 
accurate and we have serologic evidence, it's not necessarily 
requiring added antibiotic treatment. But if the test would 
tell us that there is active infection, then we know that we 
need to follow with antibiotics for various lengths of time.
    The second avenue of support should be improved treatments. 
And with treatments, I'm not talking only about antibiotic 
treatment, but also I'm talking about addressing those 
autoimmune ailments which will add to the general health, 
because 5 percent of the population in the Nation are suffering 
from autoimmune illnesses. And by this effort, other people 
will benefit.
    And the third arm of the support would definitely go to Dr. 
Stafford's department, because if we don't have infecting 
ticks, we won't have the disease at all. But bear in mind that 
the National Geographic in November of last year described a 
frozen man from the Italian Alps that--5,300 years ago, he got 
struck by an arrow and died in the Alps and was perfectly 
preserved. And he was found in 1991, but only recently they did 
his autopsy. In his brain, they found Borrelia burgdorferi.
    So this Borrelia burgdorferi has been with us for thousands 
and thousands of years. What makes it pathogenic now is another 
area of research and questioning.
    Thank you.
    [The prepared statement of Dr. Katz follows:]

                Prepared Statement of Amiram Katz, M.D.

                              INTRODUCTION

    Lyme disease is a tick borne spirochetal infection that causes a 
multi-systemic disease. When identified, diagnosed and treated in a 
timely manner, most of the acute cases will recover and be cured; 
however, about 10 percent of the infected individual will develop a 
chronic, antibiotic resistant condition, which is believed to be 
autoimmune (the immune system is confused and cannot differentiate 
between our healthy body and foreign antigens and starts attacking our 
own body). The autoimmune process attacks the brain, the peripheral 
nerves, the joints and the muscles and is better documented in the 
rheumatologic literature (Steere, et al. Autoimmune mechanisms in 
antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis. JAI. 2001; 16:263-266). 
This chronic condition will vary in severity, from a very debilitating 
affliction to one with occasional aches and pains. The very sick 
individuals cannot be gainfully employed, are usually bedridden and in 
addition to their physical ailments, may suffer from a severe cognitive 
deficit, with difficulties of memory and concentration along with 
psychiatric manifestations (depression, anxiety, OCD and even 
psychosis) which are part of the neurologic complication of this 
condition (brain disease rather than a psychiatric condition). The 
percentage of chronic conversion in the undiagnosed (and untreated) 
cases is probably much higher (see below). The chronic condition can be 
managed (but not cured) in varying degrees of success.
    Lyme disease is a continued and escalating public health issue. In 
2009 around 40,000 new cases of Lyme disease were reported in the 
United States, which is more than a 4-fold increase since reporting 
started in 1991. One fourth of the reported cases are from New England. 
(http://www.cdc.gov/about/grand-rounds/archives/2011/pdfs/PHG). There 
is a steady annual increase in the incidence of Lyme disease, except in 
years where no funding for reporting was available.
    The ratio between reported and diagnosed cases is a source of major 
debate and ranges between 1:2 to 1:10. Accepting a ratio of 1:5 brings 
the number of diagnosed cases in 2009 to 200,000.
    A major problem in assessing the magnitude of this serious public 
health issue is the undiagnosed cases. The reasons for failure to 
diagnose Lyme disease varies from lack of the typical telltale sign, 
the ECM rash; unreliable diagnostic tests; an atypical clinical 
presentation; a co-infection (another infectious disease transmitted by 
the same tick); etc. Many of the undiagnosed cases will go on to 
develop a chronic illness, which is usually no longer responding to 
short or long courses of antibiotics, since it becomes an ill-defined 
autoimmune disease (as discussed below). For future calculations, we 
will use the very conservative assumption that the annual undiagnosed 
cases for 2009 was 200,000, the same as the estimated diagnosed figure.
    As early as 1990, Allen Steere, the ``father'' of Lyme disease, who 
was first to describe Lyme arthritis, found that even when timely 
diagnosed and adequately treated, about 10 percent of the patients 
develop ``antibiotic resistant arthritis,'' which is an autoimmune, 
chronic condition (Steere, A., et al. Lyme arthritis--an epidemic of 
oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut 
communities. Art Rheum 1977;20:7-17; Steere, et al. Association of 
chronic Lyme arthritis with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR2 alleles. N Engl J Med. 
1990; 323:219-23. Steere, et al. Autoimmune mechanisms in antibiotic 
treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis. JAI. 2001; 16:263-66).
    Similar estimates of autoimmunity were given in a more recent 
review of ``chronic'' Lyme disease (Feder HM, et al. A critical 
appraisal of ``chronic Lyme disease.'' N Engl J Med 2007;357:1422-30).
    Based on the numbers listed above, a fair (and probably 
underestimated) statement is that since 2009, each year at least 40,000 
patients are added to the chronically ill pool, which adds up to about 
350,000 patients since reporting started in 1991.
    Today, in 2012, it will be fair to expect that about 0.5 million 
patients in the United States are chronically ill due to Lyme disease 
(1 in 600 people), of them 125,000 live in New England (1 percent of 
the population), which is around 30,000 patients in Connecticut. These 
numbers are based on the 2010 Census (http://2010.census.gov/
2010census/data/) and the CDC Lyme Disease incidence report: http://
www.cdc.gov/lyme/stats/chartstables/incidencebystate.html).
    Schism and polarization within the medical community, heated by 
patient activism, resulted in ignoring the problem, preventing our 
strong and capable medical and scientific communities from finding the 
long overdue answers.
    Rather than continuing the true search for answers, Lyme disease 
research was derailed by unrelated agendas.
    Not unlike the political arena the magnitude of the problem 
requires a bipartisan effort. Our brilliant and capable physicians and 
scientists should refocus only on one target--finding a solution to the 
problem.

   Attachment.--The Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lyme disease 
                   (AKA: Post-Treatment Lyme Disease)

    Patients with chronic illness and symptoms which can be seen in 
post-treatment (``chronic'') Lyme disease are usually seen by numerous 
physicians who are perplexed by the complexity of their symptoms. There 
are no conclusive studies assessing the prevalence (see above) of this 
condition, or its mechanisms, even though recent literature stemming 
from unprecedented collaboration between main stream authorities on 
Lyme disease (IDSA) and leading neuroscientists might have found a 
partial explanation to the neurologic aspect of the chronicity 
(Chandra, et al. Anti-neural antibody reactivity in patients with a 
history of Lyme borreliosis and persistent symptoms. Brain Behav Imm. 
2010; 24:1018-24).

                               DIAGNOSIS

    Before making a diagnosis of ``Chronic'' Lyme disease, a relentless 
effort should be made to rule out other conditions which can have a 
similar clinical picture. Over-diagnosis of Lyme disease, may lead to a 
dangerous under-diagnosis of other conditions and over treatment with 
antibiotics. Chronic Lyme disease cannot be diagnosed based on clinical 
symptoms solely. It cannot be diagnosed by using tests which are not 
FDA approved. Desperate patients and the lack of reliable diagnostic 
tests for Lyme disease (see below) led to the appearance of expensive, 
non-FDA approved laboratories and tests.

                        TESTING FOR LYME DISEASE

    Direct Methods (none are FDA approved)--the direct identification 
of the pathogen can be done by:

    1. Culture (growing the spirochete from a fluid or tissue sample 
obtained from a patient in a culture medium, which is very difficult 
and hard to reproduce. It is used mainly in research laboratories and 
recently by one commercial laboratory, which appears to have too many 
positive results (50 percent-70 percent).
    2. PCR (polymerase chain reaction), enzymatic amplification the 
nucleic acid of the spirochete from the specimen until it reaches a 
detectable quantity that can be identified. This methodology is prone 
to contamination and false positives (the test is positive but there is 
no infection), but is the most commonly used direct method.
    3. Dark field microscopy with immune fluorescence staining. 
Accurate, but available only in research labs and requires the presence 
of spirochetes in the specimen.

    Serologic tests (FDA approved)--Indirect identification of the 
infection by measuring the immune response of the host. Will fail when 
the patient is immune deficient (is not making enough antibodies), or 
the number of pathogens is overwhelming (bad infection--where all the 
antibodies are tied to the spirochete and not enough are available for 
serologic detection).

    1. ELISA (enzyme linked immune sorbent assay) is a colorimetric 
quantitative technique that measures the intensity of the immune 
response against the pathogen--the serum of the patient (which may 
contain antibodies against the spirochete) is mixed with a standardized 
amount of diced Lyme pathogens (antigens). After incubation, during 
which the antibodies bind to the antigens, a reagent that connects only 
to the antibody--antigen complexes is added. After the attachment, the 
reagent changes its color. The color intensity of the solution is then 
measured and converted to antibody concentration. The assay is accurate 
but it will be also positive with other spirochetal infections and in a 
variety of autoimmune conditions (false positive).
    2. IFA (Immunoflourescent Assay)--similar to the ELISA, but uses a 
different color binding reagent (fluorescent).
    3. C6 Peptide. Similar to the ELISA in process, but instead of 
having a diced spirochete solution as antigenic source, it uses only 
one protein (antigen) from the spirochetal coat--the C6 peptide--which 
is more specific and results in many less false positives. It also is 
supposed to correlate with a more recent infection.
    4. Western blot (immunoblot). A qualitative technique that measures 
the presence of antibodies against the various proteins of the 
spirochete. The serum interacts with a strip of gel onto which a 
mixture of spirochetal proteins are applied. They are separated 
according to their size (the smaller migrates the farthest on the gel). 
This results in the smallest protein (with a molecular weight of 18kd) 
ending at one end of the strip and the largest protein (with a 
molecular weight of 93kd)--at the opposite. After the antibody--antigen 
complex is stained--there is a visible ``band'' at the location of each 
spirochetal protein against which antibodies were formed.
    The CDC serologic criteria for reporting and surveillance--the 
``Two Tier'' Approach. (Recommendations for test performance and 
interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic 
Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995;44:590-1).

     ``A two-test approach for active disease and for previous 
infection using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or 
immunofluorescent assay (IFA) followed by a Western immunoblot was the 
algorithm of choice. All specimens positive or equivocal by a sensitive 
EIA or IFA should be tested by a standardized Western immunoblot. 
Specimens negative by a sensitive EIA or IFA need not be tested 
further. When Western immunoblot is used during the first 4 weeks of 
disease onset (early LD), both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 
immunoglobulin G (IgG) procedures should be performed. A positive IgM 
test result alone is not recommended for use in determining active 
disease in persons with illness >1 month's duration because the 
likelihood of a false positive test result for a current infection is 
high for these persons. If a patient with suspected early LD has a 
negative serology, serologic evidence of infection is best obtained by 
testing of paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples. Serum 
samples from persons with disseminated or late-stage LD almost always 
have a strong IgG response to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens.
     It was recommended that an IgM immunoblot be considered 
positive if two of the following three bands are present: 24 kDa 
(OspC), 39 kDa (BmpA), and 41 kDa (Fla)--(Engstrom SM, Shoop E, and 
Johnson RC. Immunoblot interpretation criteria for serodiagnosis of 
early Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:419-22).
     It was further recommended that an IgG immunoblot be 
considered positive if five of the following 10 bands are present: 18 
kDa, 21 kDa (OspC), 28 kDa, 30 kDa, 39 kDa (BmpA), 41 kDa (Fla), 45 
kDa, 58 kDa (not GroEL), 66 kDa, and 93 kDa--(Dressler F, Whelan JA, 
Reinhart BN, and Steere AC. Western blotting in the serodiagnosis of 
Lyme disease. J Infect Dis 1993;167:392-400.''

    Unfortunately the inconsistencies of the test results between 
different laboratories and even in the same laboratory are so 
frequent--that it is difficult to trust their reports.
    For example, a Western blot test can be run three times on the same 
specimen: the first, when ordered as such (Western blot); the second, 
if an ELISA with reflex Western blot is also ordered (meaning that the 
Western blot test will be automatically performed if the ELISA is 
positive); and for the third time, if a C6 peptide with reflex Western 
blot is ordered. It is not unusual to receive both a positive and a 
negative IgM and/or IgG Western blot reports, in the same patient, from 
the same sample. A difference in one band turns the test from negative 
to positive and vice versa.
    The Western blot is usually interpreted visually, which results in 
a significant inter observer variability. One laboratory attempted to 
solve this problem by implementing a mechanized reading of the blot. 
This resulted in changing the test from a qualitative one to a 
quantitative one, with significant under interpretation.
    It is clear that more accurate tests are needed and more so, a test 
that will tell us if the infection is active. Such a test, if accurate 
will cut down the number of cases treated with unnecessary prolonged 
antibiotic courses and prevent many patients from acquiring a chronic 
illness. When this test develops, it should be used widely in areas 
where Lyme is endemic, when patients present with an atypical illness.
    What are the possible explanations of developing ``chronic'' Lyme 
disease?
    1. Persistent Lyme infection. In spite of the IDSA's treatment 
recommendations stating that 2 weeks (range 10-21 days) of oral 
antibiotics (doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime), are sufficient 
to treat Lyme disease diagnosed by ECM (Bull's eye) rash, there is 
culture-supported data, suggesting otherwise (Wormser, et al. The 
Clinical Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Lyme Disease, Human 
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: Clinical Practice Guidelines 
by the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clin Inf Dis 
2006;43:1089-134; Hunfeld, et al. Risk of culture-confirmed borrelial 
persistence in patients treated for erythema migrans and possible 
mechanisms of resistance. Int J Med Microb 2006; S1,233-241).
    There should be more flexibility in the number of days of 
antibiotic treatment. Initial treatment should be extended if the 
diagnosis is firm and the patient's condition did not improve. This is 
supported by recent studies conducted in mice and monkeys that show 
that even after prolonged antibiotic courses, the treated animals can 
contain infective spirochetes (Hodzic, et al. Persistence of B. 
burgdorferi following antibiotic treatment in mice. Antimac Ag & 
Chemoth. 2008; 52:1728-36. Embers ME, Barthold SW, Borda JT, et al. 
Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Rhesus Macaques following 
antibiotic treatment of disseminated infection. PLos One. 2012; 
7:e29914)
    2. Persistent presence of non-infective Lyme spirochetes after 
adequate antibiotic treatment leading to an ongoing disease. The immune 
system can attack a dead micro-organism or its fragments and in the 
process of the attack damage healthy surrounding tissues. Recently 
(July 2012), the Yale group led by Linda Bockenstedt, showed the 
presence of fragments of the spirochete long after the infection. It 
means that one doesn't need the entire spirochete to cause an on-going 
damage. Persisting spirochetal antigens can do it (Bockenstedt, et al. 
Spirochete antigens persist near cartilage after murine Lyme 
borreliosis therapy. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:2652-60). If a dead 
spirochete or its fragments contains a protein which has some 
resemblance to one of our own body proteins--then it can start or 
perpetuate an autoimmune process (see below).
    In this context, it was shown that inflammation can be triggered by 
some of the spirochetes lipoproteins (OspA, OspB). Inflammation is 
caused by irritating our immune cells that in turn secrete cytokines 
that damage our own tissues. So damage to the tissues can result from 
inactive spirochetes, just by the irritating nature of the proteins 
they carry (Fallon, et al. Inflammation and central nervous system Lyme 
disease. Neurobiology of Disease 2010;37:534-41).
    Persistent presence of the spirochete without causing any illness 
should be also considered. A recent discovery of Borrelia burgdorferi 
by PCR in the brain of the ``Iceman'' who lived in the Neolithic period 
in the Italian Alps 5,300 years ago raises the question of coexistence. 
The ``Iceman'' died from an arrow wound and was healthy otherwise. He 
was frozen for all those years until recently thawed for his autopsy 
(was found frozen in a glacier in 1991--Hall SH. Iceman Unfrozen. 
National Geographic. 2011; 220:118-33). It is possible that like some 
other pathogens, B. burgdorferi sits in our body inactive and then one 
day, due to one stimulus or the other becomes active again.
    If the spirochete has been residing in our bodies since the 
Neolithic age, why is it reaching only now epidemic proportions? The 
answer is complex. Ecologic changes (reforestation, population shift to 
the suburbs, a change in the viral population that makes bacteria 
pathogenic, etc.). Decreased immunity due to a more ``sterile'' 
upbringing and increase in autoimmune diseases, in general (Jackson 
Nakazawa D. The Autoimmune Epidemic. Touchstone, NY 2008).
    3. Persistent/untreated infection of other tick borne agents, 
transmitted by the same ticks (```co-infections'').
    4. Re-infection. Living in a Lyme endemic area, where about 50 
percent of the tick bites go undetected, unnoticed re-infection can 
result in a ``chronic'' picture. This includes the ``co-infections.''

    If after the infections are identified and treated adequately the 
patient continues to be symptomatic, there are two main processes that 
can explain the patient's condition:

    1. Residual damage from either of the above (e.g. brain damage 
resulting in white matter lesions leading to permanent neurologic 
deficits).
    2. The post-Lyme autoimmune syndrome is probably the most common 
cause for the chronic illness, the rheumatologic aspects of which were 
described in the literature over 20 years ago (Steere, et al. 
Association of chronic Lyme arthritis with HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR2 alleles. 
NEJM. 1990; 323:219-23. Steere, et al. Autoimmune mechanisms in 
antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis. JAI. 2001; 16:263-66).

    It was also shown by Aledini and Latov that ``Antibodies against 
OSPA epitops of Borrelia burgdorferi cross react with neuronal tissue'' 
(Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2005; 159:192-95) explaining why the post-
Lyme autoimmune syndrome is not only a rheumatological condition, but 
also a neurological.
    Under the autoimmune category, the post-Lyme vaccination syndrome 
should be included (Latov, et al.--Neuropathy and cognitive impairment 
following vaccination with the OSPA protein of Borrelia burgdorferi. J 
Periph Ner Sys 2004;9:165-67).
    A different group of researchers showed that Osp-A shares similar 
amino acid sequence with the streptococcal protein M, that is similar 
to a human muscle protein, myosin, that triggers human autoimmune 
conditions such as carditis (disease of the heart), arthritis and 
possibly other post-streptococcal conditions (Raveche, et al. Evidence 
of Borrelia autoimmunity-induced component of Lyme carditis and 
arthritis. J Clin Microb. 2005;43:850-56).
    The recent collaboration between Latov, Aledini, Wormser and 
Klempner (who was the PI of the extramural NIH ``chronic'' Lyme study 
in the late 1990s--Klempner, et al. Two controlled trials of antibiotic 
treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme 
disease. NEJM 2001;345:85-92), showed that the sera of patients with 
``chronic'' Lyme disease contain anti-neuronal antibodies (Chandra, et 
al. Anti-neural antibody reactivity in patients with a history of Lyme 
borreliosis and persistent symptoms. Brain Behav Imm. 2010;24:1018-24).
    Recent studies of proteomic patterns (a test for the patterns of 
protein components) generated by the cerebrospinal fluids of patients 
with ``chronic'' Lyme further supports that this disease entity is 
unique and cannot be ``lumped'' with other syndromes (Schutzer, S. E., 
et al. Distinct cerebrospinal fluid proteomes differentiate post-
treatment Lyme disease from chronic fatigue syndrome. Plos One 2011;6:
e17287).
    In the past 3 years, we have found that many patients with 
``chronic'' Lyme disease exhibit anti-neuronal antibodies and increased 
Cam II kinase activity (antibody mediated neuronal damage via calcium 
channel activation), as found in Dr. Cunningham's laboratory at the 
University of Oklahoma (Kirvan, et al. Mimicry and autoantibody-
mediated neuronal cell signaling in Sydenham chorea. Nature Med. 
2003;9:914-20), supporting, again, the autoimmune nature of ``chronic'' 
Lyme.
    We found that both the peripheral and central nervous system are 
targeted in post-Lyme and post-Lyme vaccine illnesses. Unlike the known 
autoimmune nature of demyelinating neuropathy of large fibers, many of 
those patients experience immune neuropathies of sensory and autonomic 
ganglia.

                               Treatment

    When facing ``chronic'' Lyme, with an autoimmune flavor, one should 
consider treatment with a combination of hydroxy chloroquine and a 
macrolide.

                    HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE + MACROLIDES

    The rationale of the treatment is:

    1. The hydroxychloroquine potentates the antibiotic effects of 
macrolides, by increasing the pH in the lysosome (``Late and chronic 
Lyme disease'', Sam Donta. Medical Clinics of North America 2002; 86: 
341-49. ``Macrolide therapy of chronic Lyme disease,'' Sam Donta. 
Medical Science Monitoring, 2003; 9(11):136-42).
    2. Hydroxychloroquine has also immune modulating properties and is 
classified as a weak DMARD (disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug). It 
interferes with the functioning of T- and B-Lymphocytes, monocytes and 
macrophages by entering their lysosomes and increasing the lysosomal 
pH, which inhibits the ability of these cells to produce and release 
inflammatory cytokines and hydrolytic enzymes.
    Clarithromycin possesses anti-inflammatory properties and 
potentiates the effects of hydroxychloroquine. I have seen many 
patients with intractable arthritis improve when macrolides are added 
(``Anti-inflammatory activity of macrolide antibiotics.'' The Journal 
of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. January 2000, 156-63; 
Ianaro, et al.).
    Immune modulation and anti-inflammatory properties are especially 
advantageous in the setting of post-Lyme autoimmune syndrome.
    3. The combination of an anti-malarial and a macrolide treats 
Babesia, a common co-infection ``Atovaquone and azithromycin for the 
treatment of Babesioses'' Krause, et al. New England Journal of 
Medicine 2000; 343: 1454-58).

                         BENZANTHINE PENICILLIN

    When hydroxychloroquine/macrolide combination is not effective, 
cannot be tolerated (allergic reactions, GI side effects, tinnitus, 
contact dermatitis, psoriasis flair up, ophthalmologic 
contraindications, etc.), or when hydroxychloroquine has reached its 
maximal safe cumulative dosage (1,000G)--intramuscular benzanthine G 
penicillin (Bicillin LA) is an option (Marco AC and Accrdo S. Long-term 
treatment of chronic Lyme disease with benzanthine penicillin. Ann 
Rheumat Dis 1992;51:1007-08).
    The mechanism of action of benzanthine penicillin (other than the 
obvious antimicrobial) is unknown. Why 3 percent of the daily 
intravenous dose of penicillin can achieve much better results when 
injected intramuscularly once a week?
    One explanation is that the bacteriocidal signal it sends is not 
strong enough to activate defense mechanisms of the spirochete, but 
enough to suppress the expression of the outer surface proteins (mainly 
OspA and OspB) which are known to trigger inflammation (Rupprecht, et 
al. The pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to 
inflammation. Molecular Medicine. 2008;14:205-12).
    Another explanation is that Bicillin is an effective anti-
streptococcal treatment and that the autoimmune morbidity is 
perpetuated by streptococcal presence.
    I have had a significant number of patients with Chronic Lyme 
disease who did not get better on long courses of oral and/or 
intravenous antibiotics, but responded to weekly Bicillin shots within 
a month or two. This treatment is so benign, that I offer it now prior 
to hydroxychloroquine and clarithromycin, in spite of its poorly 
explained mechanism of action.

                   INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULINS (IVIG)

    Are not indicated for the treatment of Lyme disease per se. They 
are indicated when there is immune deficiency or neurologic conditions 
of autoimmune nature complicating Lyme disease.
    Autoimmune diseases affect about 5 percent of individuals in 
developed countries. Autoimmunity is the patho-physiologic mechanism in 
neurologic conditions affecting the myelin of the peripheral and 
central nervous system, the basal ganglia, the post-synaptic membrane, 
the hippocampal pyramidal cells and Purkinje cells, among other 
targets, in a variety of autoimmune conditions of the nervous system.
    Autoimmunity is believed to be a result of complex interactions 
between genetic traits and environmental factors. Infections and 
vaccinations are some of the more known environmental factors. Among 
other known mechanisms are myeloprolif-
erative conditions and other neoplasms (through a paraneoplastic 
mechanism).
    The outer surface protein A of Borrelia burgdorferi (OspA) is a 
lipoprotein with a molecular weight of 31kd that possesses immuno-
stimulatory properties that can activate pro-inflammatory toll-like 
receptors of the immune system. Receptors of this kind are also 
expressed in a variety of neuronal elements including Schwan cells, 
microglia, asrtocytes and oligodendroglia, which probably contribute to 
the development of inflammatory responses affecting the entire nervous 
system. The OspA has a partial amino acid sequence (165-73) homologous 
to that of HLFA-1 (human lymphocytic function associated antigen-1) 
that results in activation of T cells to this auto antigen ending in an 
autoimmune disease (autoimmune disease caused by ``molecular mimicry'' 
mechanism).
    As discussed earlier, it was shown that certain sequence of amino 
acids on the OspA can trigger the formation of anti-neuronal 
autoantibodies (Aledini and Latov. Antibodies against OSPA epitops of 
Borrelia burgdorferi cross react with neuronal tissue. Journal of 
Neuroimmunology. 2005; 159:192-95). Osp-A shares similar amino acid 
sequence to the streptococcal protein M, that is similar to myosin and 
triggers immune carditis, arthritis and even Sydenham's chorea 
(Raveche, et al. Evidence of Borrelia autoimmunity-induced component of 
Lyme carditis and arthritis. J Clin Microb. 2005;43:850-56).
    Both Lyme disease and the Lyme vaccine (LYMErix--Latov, et al.--
Neuropathy and cognitive impairment following vaccination with the OSPA 
protein of Borrelia burgdorferi. J Periph Ner Sys 2004;9:165-67) can 
trigger neurologic autoimmune disease. Since the Lyme vaccine is a pure 
preparation of OspA (coated onto aluminum hydroxide), it is reasonable 
to assume that this protein is also responsible for the autoimmune 
disease triggered by Lyme infection. This autoimmune disease is 
especially common in individuals with class II, MHC HLA DR4 
(DRB1*0401), whose macrophages identify the amino acid sequence shared 
by the OspA and our body proteins as ``non-self '' attach to it and 
present it to the T & B lymphocytes.
    Persisting presence of IgM antibodies reacting to the OspA, which 
is not reported by common laboratories (Western Blot band 31), might be 
an indicator of an autoimmune condition triggered by this protein. The 
fact that patients with this condition have a disease of both 
peripheral and central myelin, also supports the etiology (post-Lyme/
LYMErix autoimmune), since it is uncommon for patients with ``pure'' 
MS, who have a disease of the central myelin, to have peripheral 
neuropathy. And vice versa, it is uncommon to have MS when having 
demyelinating neuropathy.
    The most common Lyme associated autoimmune conditions affecting the 
central and peripheral nervous system myelin result in ``white matter 
lesions'' on brain MRI's which are associated with a wide range of 
neuropsychiatric manifestations; damage to the basal ganglia/sub 
thalamic nucleus resulting in bizarre and disabling movement disorders 
and; peripheral nerve conditions such as Guillain Barre, CIDP and even 
multifocal motor neuropathy with block, but more frequently 
ganglioneuropathy of the sensory and autonomic nerves.
    Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) are widely used for treatment of 
a variety of diseases, but mainly in autoimmune neurologic conditions 
(Dalakas MC. Intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune neuromuscular 
diseases. JAMA. 291:
2367-75, 2004).
    Their exact mechanism of their action is unknown, but there are 
several possibilities:

    a. They probably bind to the idiotypes via their anti-idiotypic 
variable portion, blocking the interactions between the idiotypes and 
idiotypic antigens that usually lead to autoimmune disease.
    b. IVIG bind to the Fc receptors of the macrophages preventing 
phagocytosis and to the Fc receptors of the autoantibodies in the 
antigen-antibody complex, preventing activation of the complement.
    c. They bind to the C3 complement fraction and impeding the 
complement cascade.

    The major advantage of IVIG therapy is achieving significant 
immunomodulation with arrest of the autoimmune process, which is 
comparable to high dose steroids or cytotoxic agents, without 
immunosuppression and its associated risks.
    In multiple sclerosis, the effects of beta-interferons on 
susceptibility to infections are not clear. By modifying the host 
inflammatory response they can impair the body's ability to fight 
infection. The recent natalizumab (Tysarbi) experience (Warnke, et al. 
Natalizumab and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neur. 
2010; 67:923-930) showed that the only two patients receiving 
natalizumab that developed PML (progressive multi focal 
leukoencephalopathy), where those also receiving Avonex (beta-
interferon 1-alpha). This means that the beta interferons are not so 
safe when patients have an ongoing infection.
    Our view is that in conditions where autoimmune processes are 
linked to infections and it is not clear whether the infection is 
active or not, IVIG treatment should be tried first. High dose steroids 
and/or immunosuppressive agents should be considered as a treatment 
option only when IVIG fail, or contraindicated.

                   Selected Publications on the Topic

Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, M.D.; and Amiram Katz, M Epilepsia partialis 
    continua as an atypical presentation of cat scratch disease in a 
    young adult. NEUROLOGY 2002;59:1815-16.
Katz A. IVIG treatment in patients with Lyme associated movement 
    disorder Autoimm Rev. 2006;15:106-09.
Katz A. IVIG treatment in patients with Lyme and demyelinating disease. 
    Autoimm Rev. 2006;15:302-05.
Katz A, Zubal G, Westerveldt M, Blumenfeld H and Seibyl J. 
    Neuropsychological Testing and SPECT/PET Ratio-Images In Patients 
    with Lyme Encephalopathy--Pre- and Post-Antibiotic Treatment 
    Studies. JOI. 2007;17:103.
Katz, A and Berkley JM. Diminished Epidermal Nerve Fiber Density in 
    Patients with Antibodies to Outer Surface Protein A (OspA) of B. 
    burgdorferi Improves with Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy. 
    Neurology 2009;72(S3):A55.
Milone M, Katz A, Amato AA, et al. Sporadic late onset nemaline 
    myopathy responsive to IVIG and immunotherapy. Muscle & Nerve. 
    2010;41:272-76.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Petrini.

 STATEMENT OF JOANN PETRINI, Ph.D., MPH, DIRECTOR OF CLINICAL 
 OUTCOMES AND HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL 
  EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, WESTERN CONNECTICUT HEALTH NETWORK, 
                          DANBURY, CT

    Ms. Petrini. Good morning. On behalf of Western Connecticut 
Health Network, I really appreciate the opportunity to submit 
this testimony concerning the proposed legislation providing 
for the expansion of Federal efforts concerning prevention, 
education, treatment, and research activities related to Lyme 
and other tick-borne diseases, including the establishment of a 
Tick-Borne Diseases Advisory Committee.
    As an acute care two-hospital network, including Danbury 
Hospital, New Milford Hospital, and the Western Connecticut 
Health Network Biomedical Research Institute, home of the 
Nation's first hospital-based Lyme Disease Registry, we 
understand firsthand the complex nature of this disease and its 
varying effect on our patients. In 2009 and 2012, the Community 
Report Card for Western Connecticut reported that our region 
has among the highest rates of tick-borne illness in the United 
States, as Dr. Stafford has cited. It also reported Lyme 
disease to be a prevalent and high priority public health 
concern for the region.
    Western Connecticut Health Network's Lyme Disease Registry 
was created from the greater Danbury community's express desire 
to explore Lyme disease more thoroughly, including the 
lingering symptoms associated with Lyme disease. We recognize 
that extremely valuable information, as we've heard this 
morning, can come from individual patient experiences. But it 
is most useful when these experiences are carefully combined 
and studied in a systematic format for a large number of 
patients.
    The mission of the Lyme Disease Registry is to create a 
comprehensive database of patients with Lyme disease that will 
serve as the basis for multidisciplinary research leading to a 
better understanding of the course of the disease and how 
people are affected, causes of persistent symptoms, and 
improved diagnosis and treatment. Through our interviews, we 
have heard the painful stories of people whose lives were 
devastated by this disease. We have heard how chronic Lyme 
disease has dramatically weakened people's health.
    Despite these examples, those of us working with the 
Registry find ourselves walking a very fine line, even in the 
use of terminology. For example, if we use the term, chronic 
Lyme disease, we become discredited by many physicians. If we 
use the term, post-Lyme syndrome, we are discredited by those 
in the community who have been personally impacted. Based on 
our patient interactions, we believe that there is a protracted 
clinical course for Lyme disease for many people. But the 
controversy surrounding these long-term symptoms has created a 
polarizing tension between patients and providers.
    The Registry staff work hard to stay focused on the goal of 
conducting meaningful and high quality research. Our research 
plans to date have been shaped by our local community task 
forces, specifically those in Brookfield, CT, through the 
regional HVCEO that focus on Lyme disease in conjunction with 
public health professionals. We currently have about 180 
patients enrolled in the Lyme Disease Registry, but we continue 
to recruit people over the age of 5 years whose Lyme disease 
has been diagnosed by a healthcare provider. But we do not 
adhere to the CDC criteria. We can be reached, for those who 
are interested, at lyme.registry@western
connecticuthealthnetwork.org.
    We've been working to understand whether the protracted 
course of Lyme disease is homogeneous or heterogeneous. That 
is, does Lyme disease have a consistent or a variable clinical 
presentation? Specifically, we are working to understand 
whether the protracted symptoms may be caused by the genotype 
of the bacteria, or the tick, the genotype of the host, or the 
person, or a combination of the two. And, of course, all of 
this becomes confounded with co-infections.
    As we've heard, Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses 
are dramatically underreported. This underreporting is due in 
part to the limitations in our ability to diagnose the disease. 
At the Registry, we are working on a new approach to Lyme 
diagnosis. The patented technology we are testing is 
potentially more sensitive than currently available tests. This 
test might be especially useful for detecting Lyme spirochetes 
in patients with lingering symptoms that are unresponsive to 
antibiotic treatment.
    Our work has been conducted using the basic science 
platform of the Western Connecticut Health Network's Basic 
Science Research Institute and with the expertise of our 
Department of Pathology at Danbury Hospital. So we have the 
infrastructure needed, but for the Registry to be most 
successful, we need to increase enrollment and secure 
additional funding. We are currently collaborating with the CDC 
on ways to maximize the potential of the Registry, and we asked 
the Tick-Borne Diseases Advisory Committee to consider Western 
Connecticut Health Network's Lyme Disease Registry as a 
resource to support its work going forward.
    We have had the distinct pleasure of touring Senator 
Blumenthal through our Lyme Disease Registry and would like to 
thank him and other legislators here today for their commitment 
and ongoing dedication to this cause.
    I'll just end with my recommendations, which are: We 
sincerely support the creation of the Tick-Borne Diseases 
Advisory Committee and strongly recommend, as you've stated, 
patients and their families be represented on this committee. 
This committee would bring a strong and united voice to this 
cause. One of the provisions in the proposed bill is the 
creation of a registry. We offer our Registry to serve as a 
resource to the advisory panel and any research questions that 
may emerge as you synthesize existing evidence and create new 
ideas for study.
    And then, finally, funding for community-based 
participatory research projects focused on Lyme disease should 
be included in Federal research initiatives. While the support 
of Danbury Hospital and the community has been generous toward 
the Registry, our work has moved very slowly due to limited 
funding. Public funding for this type of community-based 
participatory research is desperately needed to move innovative 
research forward.
    So, in conclusion, we offer the knowledge and expertise of 
our professional team to participate on the advisory committee 
or in any work groups to further prevention, research, and 
treatment of Lyme disease.
    [The prepared statement of Ms. Petrini follows:]

           Prepared Statement of Joann R. Petrini, Ph.D., MPH

    Western CT Health Network appreciates the opportunity to submit 
testimony concerning Lyme disease and proposed legislation to provide 
for the expansion of Federal efforts concerning the prevention, 
education, treatment, and research activities related to Lyme and other 
tick-borne diseases, including the establishment of a Tick-Borne 
Diseases Advisory Committee. As an acute care two-hospital Network 
including Danbury Hospital, New Milford Hospital and the Western CT 
Health Network Biomedical Research Institute, home of the Nation's 
first hospital-based Lyme Disease Registry, we understand first-hand 
the complex nature of this disease and its varying affect on our 
patients.
    The 2009 and 2012 Community Report Card for Western Connecticut, a 
collaborative publication looking at leading health indicators for the 
towns of Western Connecticut found our region has a higher rate of 
tick-borne illness than most other geographic areas in the Nation and 
also found Lyme disease to be a prevalent public health issue and a 
priority health concern for the region based on State case rates (1). 
The data collected in 2009 and again in 2012 via our Community Health 
report Card indicates that Lyme disease is an important and ongoing 
health issue for our community.
    Western CT Health Network Lyme disease registry was created from 
the Greater Danbury community's expressed desire to explore Lyme 
disease more thoroughly, including the lingering symptoms associated 
with Lyme disease and unmet medical service needs of the community. We 
recognize that extremely valuable information can come from individual 
patient experiences, but it is most useful when these experiences are 
carefully combined and studied in a systematic format for a large 
number of patients.
    The mission of the WCHN Lyme disease registry is to create a 
comprehensive database of patients with Lyme disease that will serve as 
the basis for multidisciplinary research leading to a better 
understanding of:

     The course of the disease and how people are affected;
     Causes of persistent symptoms; and
     Improved diagnosis and treatment.

    Through our interviews we have met and heard the painful stories of 
people whose lives were devastated by this disease. We have heard how 
chronic Lyme disease has dramatically weakened people's health. This 
physical damage combined with the feelings of helplessness leave the 
lives of patients and their families in turmoil. Despite these 
examples, those of us working with the Registry find ourselves walking 
a very fine line, even in the use of terminology regarding the long-
term effects of Lyme disease. For example, if we use the term chronic 
Lyme disease, we become discredited by many physicians. If we use the 
term post-Lyme syndrome we are discredited by the community that has 
been personally impacted. Based on our interactions with many patients, 
we believe that there is a protracted clinical course for many people 
following Lyme disease, but the controversy surrounding these long-term 
symptoms has created tension between patients and providers that can be 
polarizing.
    The Registry staff work hard to stay focused on the goal of 
conducting meaningful and high quality research. Our research plans to 
date have been shaped by the impact of several community task forces in 
our area, specifically those in Brookfield, CT and through the regional 
HVCEO's Lyme Task Force that focus on this disease in conjunction with 
public health professionals. For inclusion in the Lyme disease 
registry, we do not require that patients have a diagnosis following 
the existing CDC criteria. We currently have about 180 patients 
enrolled, but we continue to recruit people over the age of 5 years of 
age who have had Lyme disease diagnosed by a healthcare provider 
(contact us at [email protected]).
    We have been working to uncover information that will help us 
understand whether the protracted course of Lyme disease is homogenous 
or heterogeneous. That is, does Lyme disease have a consistent or 
variable clinical presentation? Specifically, we are working to 
understand whether protracted symptoms may be caused by: (1) the 
genotype of the bacteria (or the tick); (2) the genotype of the host 
(the person); or (3) a combination of the two.
    The CDC acknowledges the true number of human Lyme disease cases 
may actually be 6-12 times higher than number of reported cases. This 
underreporting is due, in part, to the limitations in our ability to 
diagnosis the disease. At the Registry, we are working on a new 
approach to Lyme diagnosis. The patented technology we are testing is 
potentially more sensitive than currently available blood tests. This 
test might be especially useful for detecting Lyme spirochetes in 
patients with lingering symptoms that are unresponsive to antibiotic 
treatment. Our work has been conducted at the Western Connecticut 
Health Network Biomedical Research Institute which provides the basic 
science platform needed to conduct our studies, in conjunction with the 
Department of Pathology at Danbury Hospital.
    Thus, we have the infrastructure needed, but for the registry to be 
most successful, we need to increase our enrollment and secure 
additional funding. We are currently collaborating with the CDC on ways 
to maximize the potential of the registry and we ask that the Tick-
Borne Diseases Advisory Committee consider the Western Connecticut 
Health Network Lyme Disease Registry as a resource to support its work 
going forward.
    We have had the distinct pleasure of touring Senator Blumenthal 
through our Lyme disease registry and would like to thank him and other 
legislators here today for their commitment and ongoing dedication to 
this cause and will end with the following recommendations:

     We support the creation of a Tick-Borne Diseases Advisory 
committee and strongly recommend that patients and their families be 
represented on the committee. Such a committee would bring a strong and 
united voice to the cause.
     One of the provisions in the proposed bill is the creation 
of a Registry. We offer our registry to serve as a resource to the 
Advisory Panel as they synthesize existing evidence and create new 
ideas for study.
     Funding for community-based participatory research 
projects focused on Lyme disease should be included in Federal research 
initiatives. While the support of Danbury Hospital and the community 
has been generous, our work has moved slowly due to limited funding. 
Public funding for this type of community-based participatory research 
is desperately needed to move innovative research forward.
    In closing, we offer the knowledge and experience of our 
professional team to participate on the Tick-Borne Diseases Advisory 
Committee and/or associated work groups to further prevention, research 
and treatment of Lyme disease.

                                Endnotes

    1. ACT Department of Public Health Lyme Statistics--Available at: 
http://ct.gov/dph/cwp/view.asp?a=3136&Q=399694&dphPNavCtr=46973#46999.
    2. CDC. (2004). Lyme disease--United States, 2001-2002. MMWR, 
53:365-9. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/
mm5317a4.htm.

    Senator Blumenthal. Thank you.
    [Applause.]
    Thank you, each of you, for your testimony. And I can tell 
you I read each of your testimonies last night, and I'm going 
to have it made part of the record, your written testimony, as 
well as what you've just said.
    I want to begin my questioning with you, Dr. Stafford, to 
talk a little bit about the escalating incidence of this 
disease. The word, escalating, actually, I have taken from Dr. 
Katz's testimony. He uses that word to describe what he's also 
mentioned is now a disease of epidemic proportions. And yet it 
is a relatively recent, or recently discovered disease.
    I wonder if you can tell us whether you think it has 
existed for a long time. I know the bacterium has been found in 
some remains of early man, and yet the symptoms or the disease 
itself has been relatively recently discovered just maybe 30 or 
40 years ago. Maybe you could talk a little bit about that.
    Mr. Stafford. Well, Lyme disease--you know, the first case 
in Europe that was actually described was in 1909 in Sweden. 
And, obviously, Dr. Katz just referenced the ice man, who was 
found to have been infected with the Lyme disease organism over 
5,000 years ago. And, actually, some tick specimens in Europe 
dating from the 1800s were found positive.
    So Lyme disease has been around for a long time, and it was 
just this unique cluster of cases in Lyme that basically 
brought attention to this disease as a distinct clinical 
entity. And it lies in the past. I mean, it's very possible 
that the Native Americans and the early colonists may have 
suffered from Lyme disease.
    You know, during our early history, the forests were 
essentially cleared for agriculture. The deer were hunted out. 
The tick largely disappeared. There was actually a Swedish 
naturalist named Peter Kalm who kept a journal of his travels 
through the 1750s in parts of New England. And he noticed back 
then how bad the ticks were. In the late 1800s, you couldn't 
find any ticks--no habitat, no host, no ticks.
    They survived on isolated refuges in the islands off New 
England. There was a separate population that survived in the 
upper Midwest. So with reforestation and conditions being 
right, the tick began expanding its range, cases started being 
recognized, and the tick has been expanding every since.
    This northern population of the tick has been heading 
south. It's now well into Virginia. You know, Ixodes scapularis 
is found throughout the whole eastern United States, but there 
are some distinct characters to this. This tick has high 
infection rates. It's carrying a spirochete that is, I guess, 
what you could call virulent in the sense that it readily 
causes human disease, and it continues to expand. How far it 
will go is unclear.
    Senator Blumenthal. So it is expanding across the country.
    Mr. Stafford. It's expanding in the Midwest and New 
England. There aren't that many cases yet in the South. The 
dynamics there are a little different, and it's unclear. It's 
transmitted by a related tick out on the Pacific Coast. It's up 
in Canada. So what the full extent eventually will be and how 
many more people will be subject to getting Lyme disease is a 
little unclear, but it continues to expand.
    In fact, anecdotally, I hear that a lot of veterinarians 
even more and more are picking up positives on their dogs down 
through Virginia and some of the southern States. And, 
ironically, in some of the early years when Lyme was first 
expanding here in New England, one of the early detection 
techniques was canine serosurveys, because dogs pick up ticks. 
So the first indicators that become infected are dogs. So 
that's kind of a suggestion that there is still yet a leading 
edge perhaps in the expansion that is not yet reflected in 
human cases.
    Senator Blumenthal. To what extent do you think that 
climate disruption, the warming trends that have become more 
noticeable, contribute to the spread of the ticks and the 
disease?
    Mr. Stafford. Well, with climate change, there are some 
issues there. The tick has, of course, been moving steadily 
north, and so we'll see expansion up in that direction. And it 
could have some impact on the disease only in the sense that 
we're not clear what it's going to do to the small mammal 
population and food resources for those animals. Remember, this 
is tied in--the presence of the tick is tied into the abundance 
of these animals, but it does come in cycles.
    Dr. Katz. And in a warm winter, we don't have a break. We 
don't have the freezing of the ticks. There are infections 
throughout the year.
    Mr. Stafford. The adult ticks do survive through the 
winter, regardless. But, obviously, during warm days, they'll 
continue to be active, and that puts more and more people at 
risk. Nevertheless, the majority of people get Lyme disease in 
the summer months when the smaller nymph stage is active. It's 
very small, hard to detect. You heard Mark say earlier he never 
noticed a tick that bit him. And that is actually true of many 
people that actually come down with Lyme disease.
    Senator Blumenthal. Do you think that habitat control 
measures are a viable solution here? I remember seeing over the 
years various different kinds of contraptions that were 
supposed to give the deer food and at the same time destroy the 
ticks on the deer. Are any of these kinds of habitat controls 
really promising?
    Mr. Stafford. Some of them are promising to the extent--we 
believe that, roughly, about three-quarters of people pick up 
the tick and acquire Lyme disease in their own residences. You 
can get it camping. You can get it hiking or some other place. 
But, the highest risk is actually right around the home. And so 
a lot of the research is focused on reducing the risk in that 
area.
    We did find that treating deer--this approach--I'm not sure 
how practical on a wide scale it would be. But those 4-Posters 
where we were treating the deer in the town of Old Lyme, we 
actually had a statistical reduction in Lyme disease cases. So 
I think, more than anything else, it just points out the 
important dynamics of these hosts in keeping this disease 
going.
    Senator Blumenthal. Is there enough education of the 
general population to make them aware of preventive steps they 
can take, whether in terms of clothing or insect repellant, and 
also of the medical community as to their awareness of what the 
symptoms may be and what they should be looking for in the 
patients who come to them with symptoms? Those are two separate 
areas, and I'm going to ask Dr. Katz the same question, vis-a-
vis, the medical community. But maybe you can begin with the 
question.
    Mr. Stafford. Well, Senator, the CDC actually funded a 
number of local health department outreach activities. I know 
there are some here in the audience that were familiar with 
those. There were a lot of materials produced and a lot of 
outreach, and active surveillance was instituted as part of 
those.
    Actually, the irony is that as we increased our educational 
efforts, the Lyme disease numbers went up, not down, because as 
more people became aware and we instituted active surveillance 
as part of those programs, more and more of the cases were 
actually detected. Although the goal was to try to reduce Lyme 
disease, we actually ended up detecting more of the cases that 
were there. So there were a lot of----
    Senator Blumenthal. You need to know what the dimensions of 
the problem are to fight it.
    Mr. Stafford. To fight it, right. In other words, the 
baseline went up as a part of our educational outreach. And so 
there were a lot of people who became quite familiar with the 
techniques. There was one study that was done that showed that, 
statistically, in a case control study, the most effective 
method was actually tick checks and removing infected ticks 
before they have a chance to transmit. It was one statistical 
thing that really came up as having a significant impact on 
getting or not getting Lyme disease.
    I'll just make one aside. As far as the education of the 
medical community goes, obviously, I think in their schooling 
they don't get much in the way of entomological training. And 
we do receive for testing at the Experiment Station a lot of 
ticks, but we also receive a lot of things that are not ticks 
for testing. So, in that regard, yes, there could be some more 
additional outreach to the medical community in terms of just 
simply recognizing tick bites and what a tick is and the risk a 
patient would have of actually coming down with the disease.
    Senator Blumenthal. You know, I'm not a scientist, and I'm 
not a doctor. I'm not a researcher. So I am not equipped 
professionally to draw conclusions about chronic Lyme or post-
treatment Lyme, whatever the labels are that are given to them. 
But, first of all, I want to thank each of you for being here, 
because the scientific expertise that you bring to the subject 
is immensely valuable. I think it gives credibility to people 
who continue to suffer after they receive some treatment, and 
we know that there is a population of people who continue to 
suffer.
    So I wonder, Dr. Katz, if you could comment on this 
educational factor, the potential need to create more awareness 
among the medical community as to what the continuing symptoms 
may be and their causes and what to do to treat them. Is there 
more that the Federal Government can do to create that 
awareness and education?
    Dr. Katz. I think that it will be hard to change education 
when the majority of the medical community follows a hard line 
of IDSA guidelines--you know, 30 days or 2 or 3 weeks of 
antibiotics. And in spite of the fact that there are some 
glimmers of hope here and there of describing a chronic 
illness, which is derived from Lyme disease, it's not yet a 
mainstream medical fact, which it should be.
    And I think that, unfortunately, this animosity that began 
10 years ago, 15 years ago, should end, because with all strict 
IDSA doctors, you will find some stories that when it comes to 
their own family members, they will give more antibiotics than 
3 weeks. There should be some flexibility, and if the patient 
is still having active symptoms at the end of the 3 weeks, they 
should get more treatment, because these are the ones that----
    [Applause.]
    Dr. Katz [continuing]. This is the chance of getting them 
better. And I've seen many, many patients that came to see me 
after they were done with their primary care physician, with 
the 30 days, and 2 weeks later, they're having a recurrence of 
symptoms and bad symptoms, and they were given another course--
science cannot be strict. It's not a mathematics of binaric 
zero or one, yes or no. There are exceptions to the rule, and 
there should be some flexibility. So that would be the first 
thing there should be a consensus on and education that would 
follow.
    And the other should be this enormous public health issue 
of post-infectious or post-treatment. These are most likely 
autoimmune syndromes, which are, once again, prevalent. And 
based on my calculations--and they are not really extreme--
about half a million Americans are chronically ill today after 
they have been infected with Lyme. So we need to open the door 
for this entity and to include it into the curriculum and 
education.
    Senator Blumenthal. Dr. Petrini, do you have any comments 
on that issue?
    Ms. Petrini. You know, obviously, this is not my area of 
expertise at all. But I can tell you one of the things just 
associated with a registry, one of the things I love most about 
it, is the sort of contagious impact that it has. And so one 
opportunity that is also available in addition to formal 
training are residency programs as well as medical education 
rotations. And to the extent that we can expose our residents 
before they become independent practitioners to the varying 
options out there, I think we can at least increase their 
awareness about alternatives. So I would add that.
    Senator Blumenthal. When you collect information for your 
Registry, do you distinguish between, say, chronic Lyme and 
short-term Lyme? Do you make distinctions based on time or 
efficacy of treatment?
    Ms. Petrini. No. The only criteria we have is that you're 
over 5 years of age and that you have had a diagnosis of Lyme 
disease by a healthcare provider. Now, I know that's limiting 
in some ways, as we've heard this morning, for people who have 
never had a diagnosis. We don't require serology. We will 
accept clinical presentation of the disease in some way. So, 
therefore, if we receive that documentation from a healthcare 
provider in some way--it just can't be self-diagnosed.
    Given that it's a registry, we need to follow some 
protocol. We do not, though, stick to strict adherence to the 
CDC criteria. We heard very clearly about that as we were 
forming the Registry, that that would be very limiting. And so 
we've opened it up and are including, again, both acute 
infection and chronic infection in the Registry. And that we 
are including acute as well, I think it would be a very good 
comparison over time as we're able to look at the serology. So 
the answer is no.
    Dr. Katz. That would enable in the future to divide the 
different subpopulations.
    Ms. Petrini. The thing about a database, obviously, is you 
can stratify based on different presentations. So we felt like 
that was actually very flexible as, hopefully, more knowledge 
comes to us about the disease and we can then look at specific 
profiles that we can compare. So the database allows that 
flexibility with growing knowledge.
    Senator Blumenthal. In your view, what can be done to 
increase the reporting, the reliability and the completeness of 
reporting?
    Ms. Petrini. Dr. Stafford is probably the expert here. But 
it becomes an issue of, as I've heard, competing priorities. 
And so this has, obviously, been a disease that people take for 
granted as a problem in the area. We continue to collect data, 
but as we know, we continue to say it's underreported. The 
truth is, I think, at the public health level, it just becomes 
an issue of competing priorities, and this one hasn't 
necessarily risen.
    Senator Blumenthal. Do you talk to doctors? Do you talk to 
public health departments about this issue of underreporting?
    Ms. Petrini. To the extent that we can. We're really 
focused on the research. We try to stay very focused on the 
research. That's our goal. Our goal is to try to find some 
answers. Certainly, we do promote awareness of the Registry. 
Given the fact that the data are not available elsewhere, there 
was a need to create the Registry since it didn't exist. So I 
think in some ways, that's a message as well that there is a 
need for this, because it's not collected elsewhere.
    Dr. Katz. There should be a financial incentive, like a co-
pay, $20 for doing the paperwork. I'm sure it will improve 
reporting.
    Senator Blumenthal. Dr. Stafford, do you think the 
disagreement within the medical community inhibits the work to 
prevent Lyme disease? We've seen how it can sometimes impede 
treatment or insurance coverage. Do you think it also--the 
division of opinion--impedes the preventive steps?
    Mr. Stafford. Well, I think this whole issue that the 
community has wrestled with--chronic or post-Lyme syndrome, and 
the patients that have obvious illness, and that it's hard to 
pinpoint exactly what it is or what stage it's at--has focused 
a lot of resources and attention on this whole diagnosis and 
treatment issue. Consequently, quite frankly, prevention often 
takes a back step because of that issue and the focus that has 
been on it.
    And like other diseases, whether you're talking about heart 
disease or anything else, a lot of effort is made on 
prevention. But at the same time, a lot of resources are put 
into diagnosis and treatment after the person has the disease, 
as opposed to preventing it to begin with.
    Ms. Petrini. I would say it's stifling in many ways. As 
someone who, prior to coming to Danbury Hospital, didn't 
understand much about this disease, I was quickly educated by 
many. I still don't consider myself an expert, but I'm learning 
continuously. I was very surprised at how little we knew about 
this disease. I was really surprised. Maybe I shouldn't have 
been, but I was. I believe that because of the public discourse 
and because there isn't this sort of open communication because 
of the stifling nature of this, I think it's really been 
prohibitive in many ways--probably hard to measure.
    Senator Blumenthal. We talked a little bit about the co-
infection issue. Does that impede reporting, do you think, in 
other words, the possibility that there may be different 
variations of tick-borne diseases?
    Ms. Petrini. It's incredibly important to do this, so I'm 
really not sure about the extent that it impacts 
underreporting. We know that they are all underreported. But 
it's really important to not only have this big focus on Lyme 
disease, obviously, and I really congratulate you for opening 
it up to all tick-borne diseases. But, certainly, from a 
research perspective, we don't fully understand that impact of 
co-infections and whether or not that may distinguish between 
someone's course and whether it's protracted or not.
    Senator Blumenthal. Dr. Katz.
    Dr. Katz. I don't think that co-infections are interfering 
with the reporting, because they are harder to diagnose. For 
example, early cures--or acute disease people end up in the 
emergency room or they don't have clinical--but Babesia and 
Lyme are getting so close together now in the ticks that I 
believe that there are no misses because of diagnosis of co-
infection. I think that there might be misses in the diagnosis 
of Lyme because of co-infection that changes the clinical 
course or the response to antibiotics, but not as far as 
reporting.
    Senator Blumenthal. Do you think, Dr. Katz, and all of you, 
that doctors who treat Lyme disease need more support in the 
sense of protection for their professional activities? I know 
there was a time when some of them contacted my office and said 
that they felt that some of the professional groups within 
their State were hostile to what they were doing. Is that a 
continuing problem?
    Dr. Katz. Well, I think it's a continuing problem. You 
know, one needs to be very cautious, and there is no room for 
any mistake, because if you make a minor mistake unrelated to 
tick-borne diseases, they will use this opportunity to get you 
off the map. I've had complaints from physicians in other 
States, hostile States, that were unbased.
    But I think Connecticut has been relatively--I didn't see 
any vendetta, as far as I'm concerned. People know me in 
Connecticut and I know them, and I didn't feel any hostile 
atmosphere, per se. But in other States, it could be different.
    Senator Blumenthal. And, finally, let me ask each of you: 
Are we making progress? You know, are we making any strides in 
combating and fighting this disease?
    Dr. Stafford.
    Mr. Stafford. Well, I think the research community has done 
a lot of work, and I think a lot of progress has been made. But 
yet at the same time, the Lyme disease numbers continue to move 
on. So, in that sense, no, we have not made enough progress.
    Senator Blumenthal. Because the numbers are increasing.
    Mr. Stafford. The numbers are increasing. They do cycle. 
For example, in the past couple of years, the Lyme numbers have 
been down, and that's just simply the dynamics of the tick 
population that varies from year to year. But that steady path 
has been up and probably will continue to go up despite the 
little minor annual fluctuations. But, yes, I think it's going 
to continue going, despite all the work that we've done, and 
we're just going to have to keep working at it to try to 
reverse that trend.
    Some of the projects that have been funded--the purpose for 
that education outreach was with that kind of goal in mind. 
Lyme disease is a very complex disease. Since it's a vector-
borne disease, it's out there in the wild. It makes it much 
more difficult to address. You're dealing with controversial 
issues ranging from the use of insecticides to deer management 
and control, which often gets a lot of opposition.
    Just for example, we do know, at least, a few communities 
have had the luxury of completely eliminating the deer or 
reducing the deer in their community substantially, and the 
tick numbers and Lyme disease cases have either disappeared or 
dropped substantially. But that's something that may not be 
practical--it's one of the things I'd like to address--in most 
settings. Those were in geographically isolated sites like 
peninsulas or islands or something like that. It remains yet 
unknown whether it's an approach that can be even used in other 
communities, and it's something that we need to explore. But I 
would agree.
    Dr. Katz. I think that we have made some progress as far as 
understanding the nature of the illness and the nature of the 
chronic illness. As I mentioned, in some recent publications, 
there is initial dialog with the two groups, the two camps, 
which I think is progress. I feel that the scientific work is 
moving forward, and we have a better definition of some of the 
syndromes.
    Senator Blumenthal. Dr. Petrini.
    Ms. Petrini. As a lonely epidemiologist, I would say that 
when you have a disease and when you're talking about the 
persistent symptoms, when you don't have a clear case 
definition that is consistent from study to study, then you're 
really at the beginning of understanding what this is all 
about. And this is one of the things that we've--again, the 
strength of having a database is that you're able to look at 
different profiles.
    But when you don't have an actual case definition of what 
you're talking about, really starting from scratch--we 
understand the symptoms--then you're really at the infancy of 
the research. And that's where I feel we are right now. So I'm 
feeling positive that there's some momentum here.
    Senator Blumenthal. Well, what I take from what each of you 
and what others have said this morning is there really is a 
role for more research, more development of tools to combat 
this disease, particularly diagnostic tools, to better find the 
disease before it engages with the human body, whether the 
diagnosis can be improved in the short-term. Certainly, I think 
the Federal Government can help to support that research 
through the resources it has, the NIH, the CDC.
    I'm very hopeful that the measure that I proposed and that 
Senator Gillibrand has co-sponsored and others around the 
country--it is a bipartisan coalition. And in some of those 
States where it is spreading, there is an increased awareness 
for the need that we have to have better diagnostic tools. The 
advisory committee giving patients and victims a seat at the 
table, giving them a voice to be heard, I think will help to 
increase awareness in the medical community.
    But I think there's also the need to somehow bring the 
medical community together, because, again, I'm not a 
scientist, not a doctor, but the need for a common strategy is 
so striking here. The insurance companies, from what I've 
understood and heard here today, continue to be a problem, a 
problem in the sense that they are still resistant to providing 
coverage in many instances. And the legislation doesn't 
immediately address that issue, but it will, in terms of 
creating better diagnostic tools, which, in turn, could lead to 
better insurance coverage.
    I think the collaboration between researchers, physicians, 
and prevention experts can be enhanced. And this hearing, I 
think, should be regarded as just the beginning of a more 
public approach to this problem on the part of officials who 
have a public responsibility to address this disease and its 
effects on our society, not just in the suffering and the loss 
of human productivity that we've heard, but also the cost in 
medical treatment and lost work hours and lost talents and 
skills.
    So I think there is clearly a need to do more. And I can 
say that this hearing has certainly given me more evidence that 
I will need with my colleagues, and I know Senator Gillibrand 
will continue to be an ally in this effort.
    I want to thank everyone who has come here today. Each of 
you have made a statement by being here. Each of you have sent 
a message. And I haven't seen this room as packed as it has 
been here. Speaking of the room, I want to thank UConn for 
loaning us this facility to use today.
    And, finally, on behalf of the Senate committee, I invite 
you to submit additional comments.
    Dr. Katz, the appendix that you attached is very, very 
useful in summarizing some of the findings, some of the 
diagnostic methods and so forth. And all of this testimony will 
be available on our Web site, my Senate Web site, after the 
hearing for public viewing for anyone who wants to go back and 
examine any of it.
    So, again, my thanks to each of you. I hope that we will do 
this again in another part of the State, perhaps in another 
part of the country, because I think that this better 
reporting, better awareness, better education is a critical 
task that lies ahead.
    And with that, I'm going to close the hearing. My thanks to 
everyone. This hearing is adjourned. Thank you.
    [Additional material follows.]

                          ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

                    Prepared Statement of Kris Newby

    CDC Allows Commercial Group to Set Lyme Disease Policy and 
Funding Without Transparency or Oversight

    In early 2005, leaders of a commercial medical society 
formed an ad hoc group of 26 members whose initial aim was to 
discredit and remove a competitive set of Lyme disease 
treatment guidelines from the National Guidelines Clearing 
House.
    This ``Ad Hoc International Lyme Disease Group'' convened 
during government-funded, closed-door meetings and had members 
who were researchers with significant commercial interests in 
Lyme disease tests and vaccines; CDC and NIH government 
officials; and foreign nationals. This group set Lyme disease 
policy and a national research agenda without public oversight 
or transparency, and subsequently, a large percentage of 
government grants were awarded to its own members. Part of the 
group's stated mission was to run a covert ``disinformation 
war'' to ruin the reputations of the patients, physicians, and 
journalists who questioned the group's research and motives.
    These findings, and more, were recently revealed through a 
Freedom of Information Act request filed by the producers of 
UNDER OUR SKIN, a documentary about the politics and commercial 
interests surrounding Lyme disease. The Centers for Disease 
Control (CDC) took almost 5 years to fulfill this request, 
which included 1,400 pages of emails sent between the CDC, the 
NIH, and authors of the Infectious Diseases Society of 
America's Lyme disease guidelines.
    A number of improprieties were revealed in the CDC and NIH 
emails released in the FOIA request, including evidence that Ad 
Hoc International Lyme Disease Group members:

    (1) Disproportionately received about a third of all Lyme-
disease related government grants, at the same time several CDC 
and NIH employees associated with Lyme disease research were 
members of the Ad Hoc group. Since 1991, just 5 Ad Hoc group-
affiliated organizations received more than $88 million in 
government research grants.
    (2) Allowed a researcher who owns a company that markets 
Lyme disease tests and vaccines to organize a CDC-NIH-sponsored 
meeting where Lyme disease government funding strategies were 
being determined. Shortly after he organized this meeting, his 
company's government grant total approximately doubled, to over 
$2M per year.
    (3) Used their government positions to try to remove a 
competing medical society's Lyme disease studies and 
guidelines.
    (4) An NIH employee used his government credentials to 
orchestrate a ``disinformation war,'' through anonymous tips, 
blogs and press leaks, against physicians and researchers who 
seek to publish scientific findings that contradict those of 
the IDSA guidelines authors.
    (5) Used their government titles and positions to block 
patient-backed Lyme disease legislation.

    In summary, these newly disclosed emails show that the Ad 
Hoc International Lyme Disease Group, which is enabled by 
employees of the CDC and the NIH, has been operating outside of 
government regulations on transparency and public 
accountability for years. It appears to be steering millions of 
dollars of grants to group members, and it covertly has been 
trying to tarnish the reputations of patients, researchers and 
journalists who disagree with them, using their improper 
relationships with government employees.
    I urge Congress to further investigate this matter so that 
scientific research on Lyme disease can proceed without the 
undue influence of commercial interests.

               1. Ad Hoc International Lyme Group Members

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    IDSA 2006 Lyme     Ad Hoc Int'l Lyme
       Overlapping Members            Guidelines             Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wormser GP......................  Lead author.......  Lead author
Dattwyler RJ....................  Author............  Member
Nadelman RB.....................  Author............  Member
Fish D..........................  Author............  Member
Shapiro ED......................  Author............  Member
Bockenstedt LK..................  Author............  Member
Krause PJ.......................  Author............  Member
Steere AC.......................  Author............  Member
Halperin JJ.....................  Author............  Member
Klempner MS.....................  Author............  Member
Bakken JS.......................  Author............  Member
Dumler JS.......................  Author............  Member
Stanek..........................  Author............
Strle...........................  Author............
Guidelines consultants:
Fingerle V (Slovenia)...........  Consultant........
Wilske B (Germany)..............  Consultant........
O'Connell S (UK)................  Consultant........  Member
Agger WA........................    ................  Member
Aguero-Rosenfeld M..............  Consultant........
Artsob H (Canada)...............    ................  Member
Auwaerter P.....................    ................  Member
Baker, P (NIH)..................  (unofficial         Member
                                   reviewer).
Barthold B......................  Consultant........
Draper T........................    ................  Member
Dumler JS.......................  Consultant........  Member
Feder HM Jr.....................    ................  Member
Gerber M........................  Consultant........
Green J.........................  Consultant........  Member
Johnson BJ (CDC)................  Consultant........  Member
Kaplan R........................  Consultant........
Lee J...........................  Consultant........
McSweegan E.....................    ................  Member
Mead P (CDC)....................    ................  Member
Morshed M (Canada)..............  Consultant........  Member
Munoz J.........................  Consultant........  Member
Natelson BH.....................  Consultant........
Nowakowski J....................  Consultant........
Philipp M.......................  Consultant........
Piesman JF......................  Consultant........
Porwancher R....................    ................  Member
Radolf JD.......................    ................  Member
Schwartz I......................    ................  Member
Sigal L.........................  Consultant........
Smith RP Jr.....................    ................  Member
Sood S..........................    ................  Member
Weinstein A.....................  Consultant........  Member
Wong SJ.........................    ................  Member
Zemel L.........................  Consultant........  Member
------------------------------------------------------------------------

          Grants to Idsa Lyme Guidelines Authors' Universities

    U.S. gov't grants for tick-borne disease research 1991-June 2012
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    To Author's Univ.                     Gov't Grants $
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NYMC....................................................      19,152,802
  Wormser...............................................
  Dattwyler.............................................
  Nadelman..............................................
YALE UNIV...............................................      30,723,519
  Fish..................................................
  Shapiro...............................................
  Bockenstedt...........................................
  Krause................................................
HARVARD/MASS GENERAL....................................       4,654,229
  Steere................................................
ATLANTIC HEALTH SYSTEMS
  Halperin..............................................
BOSTON UNIV/NEMC........................................      25,375,887
  Klempner/Steere.......................................       1,774,026
UNIV. of MINN...........................................       6,388,077
  Bakken................................................
EUROPEAN UNIV.'s
  Stanek................................................
  Strle.................................................
                                                         ---------------
    Total...............................................      88,068,540
    TOTAL LYME GRANTS...................................    $292,453,171
    DIDSA TOTAL.........................................   30.11 percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Source: http://taggs.hhs.gov.

          2. Grants to Dattwyler-Affiliated Companies by Year

    Dattwyler organized the CDC- and NIH-funded meeting on 
``Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in 2007,'' the same year 
his grant awards double.
    Dattwyler is a founder and part-owner of Biopeptides, and 
holds a patent for a ``multi-peptide assay for serodiagnosis of 
Lyme disease. This company markets Lyme-related wildlife & 
human vaccines and diagnostics kits.

    1995: $99,840
    1997: $324,790
    1998: $406,653
    1999: $111,634
    2000: $428,750
    2001: $426,046
    2002: $143,157
    2003: $0
    2004: $147,863
    2005: $1,253,238
    2006: $1,219,531
    2007: $1,560,960
    2008: $2,454,581
    2009: $2,067,523
    2010: $2,134,294
    2011: $2,659,069

Source: http://taggs.hhs.gov.

            3. PHIL BAKER, NIH LYME DISEASE PROGRAM OFFICER

    ``I am now more convinced than ever that pulling the ILADS 
guidelines is the only solution to this problem.''

Source: CDC NIH FOIA Highlights, page 17.
Credit: A sincere thanks to Lorraine Johnson for condensing 
1,400 pages of emails into 40 of the most important ones.

4. Edward McSweegan, NIH, suggests that Robert Aronowitz of UPenn write 
               an article on the politics of Lyme disease

    Quote: ``Anyone know of any academic sociologists or 
historians interested in doing a paper on the politics of Lyme 
disease? Maybe Robert Aronowitz at UPenn?''

Source: 002-Ad Hoc Plants Lyme Politics Article.png.

5. FEBRUARY 2007--EDWARD MCSWEEGAN, AN NIH EMPLOYEE WHO WAS DEMOTED FOR 
  HARASSING AND STALKING LYME DISEASE ADVOCATES, DECLARES WAR ON LYME 
 PATIENTS AND JOINS THE IDSA-CDC-LED AD HOC INTERNATIONAL LYME DISEASE 
                                 GROUP

    ``If outer space is the military's ultimate ``high 
ground,'' then cyberspace is the high ground in an information 
war. And what we have here is a war. Actually a disinformation 
war. An insurgency against evidence-based medicine. It's time 
to start shooting back.
     . . . Personally, I have been thinking that it might be 
useful to have a limited access Web site containing material to 
facilitate quick responses to reporters' questions and to 
facilitate the drafting of letters to legislators and 
editors.''

Source: CDC NIH FOIA Highlights, page 12-13.

6. March 2008--CDC's Barbara Johnson works with NIH's Edward McSweegan 
   and IDSA Lyme guidelines authors to lobby against a Lyme disease 
                        patient protection bill.

Subject: Maryland; Lyme Public Awareness Bill (HB 836).

    Anyone have any contacts in the Maryland Dept. of Health 
who would be interested in knowing about this Maryland bill and 
the efforts of activists to kill it?--Ed

Ed,
    This is the contact information for the State 
epidemiologist. Paul, is this current? If not, please send us 
both a link to the list of all the State epis.--Barbara''

Source: CDC-NIH-War-Emails-9-11-2.
                                ------                                

                                   LymeDisease.Org,
                                                September 13, 2012.

    A Federal Failure in Lyme Research, Guidelines, and Accountability: 
CDC and NIH Allow Private Interests of the IDSA to Set Federal Agenda 
in Lyme Research and Dictate Lyme Policy without Oversight

    Submitted by Lymedisease.org (formerly the California Lyme Disease 
Association) on behalf of patients across the United States.

                              INTRODUCTION

    The government has an obligation to represent the interests of the 
public, to act impartially in an open and transparent manner, and to be 
accountable for its actions. Disturbing new facts obtained in a Freedom 
of Information Request filed by Kris Newby, the investigative reporter 
who produced Under Our Skin, reveal that an ad hoc group composed of 
members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), a medical 
specialty society, along with members of the Centers for Disease 
Control & Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), 
has been acting in violation of fundamental principles of ethics. This 
group has been covertly setting government Lyme policy, intentionally 
excluding other stakeholders, running afoul of government open meeting 
standards, and deliberately subordinating the public interests to those 
of a private medical society. The group's actions have resulted in 
implementation of faulty public health policymaking and have damaged 
Lyme patients throughout the nation who suffer from severely restricted 
access to care as a result of these policies. Their actions have also 
resulted in favoritism in Federal grant funding and suppression of the 
innovation critically needed by Lyme patients for improved diagnostic 
and treatment options. These acts of commission and omission represent 
serious breaches of the public trust and undermine the integrity of the 
scientific research agenda. The CDC and NIH have essentially abdicated 
their healthcare policy determinations to a Quasi-Governmental Lyme 
Organization, dominated by a private medical society with no government 
accountability or oversight.

                               BACKGROUND

    According to copies of emails released pursuant to a FOIA request 
(Newby 2012), a rogue group of IDSA researchers and government 
officials formed an ad hoc organization in 2005, shortly after a 
meeting of members of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 
the Public Health Service, CDC, and the National Center for Infectious 
Diseases/Board of Scientific Counselors (NCID BSC) held on May 12 and 
13, 2005 in Atlanta, GA. (NCID BSC Minutes.) According to minutes of 
the NCID BSC meeting, the group was attended by 31 CDC/NCID staff 
members (12 of whom were IDSA members), 10 BSC members (6 of whom were 
IDSA members), 4 ex-officio members (3 of whom were IDSA members) and 3 
Liaison Representatives (1 of whom was an IDSA member). Notable among 
the attendees were Lyle Peterson, director of the Division of Vector-
borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID) and IDSA president Walter Stamm, who 
raised an alarm about a competitor organization, the International Lyme 
and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS), whose Lyme guidelines had just 
been listed on the National Guidelines Clearinghouse. This government 
meeting then determined that ``CDC researchers should focus on science 
and not on the concerns of patient groups; other groups may need to 
step in and assist DVBID with public interface.'' Action items from 
NCID BSC meeting included updating IDSA guidelines, updating CDC 
guidelines for interpreting laboratory tests, and notifying physicians 
and other practitioners regarding availability of clinical and 
laboratory documents.
    That same month a private conference chaired by Dr. Gary Wormser 
(who also chaired the IDSA Lyme guidelines) was held at Westchester 
County Medical Center. According to one member, Dr. Susan O'Connell, 
the goal of the group was to ``counteract misinformation from groups 
such as ILADS, unorthodox laboratories and support groups.'' At the 
meeting a ``work plan'' was established that included a mixture of 
private interest and public policy issues:

     Updating IDSA guidelines (Wormser 2006).
     Critical appraisal of ILADS guidelines (Phil Baker NGC & 
Susan O'Connell's ``Independent Appraisal and Review of ILADS 2004 
``Evidence-based guidelines for the management of Lyme disease'').
     Critical appraisal of chronic Lyme disease (NEJM article) 
(Feder 2007).
     Facts and Fiction about Lyme disease.
     In-house tests commonly at variance with standard 
diagnostic methods (IGeneX NYDOH investigation; Susan Wong of NYDOH is 
a member of the group).
     Research needs.
     2nd Banbury conference on serodiagnosis of Lyme disease to 
be held Sept. 2007 Surveillance definition modifications.

    No public notice was given and the meeting was clandestine. The 
participant list for the meeting, chaired by Dr. Wormser included 
principally IDSA researchers and CDC employees: Drs. Zemel, Fish, 
Bockenstedt, Munoz, Dumler, Steere, Barbara Johnson (CDC), Shapiro, 
Strle, Stanek, Bakken, Halperin, Klempner, Baker, Krause, Dattwyler, 
Nadelman, Fingerle, Weinstein, Wilske, McKenna, Mead (CDC), Feder, 
Artsob, Schwartz, Green, Nowakowski, AgueroRosenfeld, Morshed, 
Auewaeter, Baker, Smith, O'Connell, Sood, Wong (NYDOH), Draper. (See 
Attachment A to this submission.) Shortly after that meeting IGeneX lab 
was investigated pursuant to a complaint filed based on concerns with 
its laboratory interpretation method. (Susan Wong, a member of the 
group worked for the NYDOH which launched the investigation against 
IGeneX.) A second clandestine meeting, also chaired by Dr. Wormser, was 
held on January 15th and 16th, 2007 at Westchester Medical Center.
    This group, which subsequently added two members of the NIH, Drs. 
Phil Baker and Ed McSweegan, to its membership ranks, proceeded to work 
on IDSA projects and government policy projects regarding Lyme disease.
    During the course of the FOIA period, the group:

     Developed and published the IDSA guidelines;
     Secured the listing of the IDSA guidelines on the National 
Guidelines Clearinghouse;
     Lobbied the National Guidelines Clearinghouse to delist 
the ILADS guidelines from the site;
     Authored and published an article in the New England 
Journal of Medicine defending the IDSA guidelines;
     Worked to launch an investigation against a major Lyme 
disease diagnostic company, IGeneX;
     Orchestrated the Second Banbury conference on 
serodiagnosis held in September 2007 (Barbara Johnson of the CDC, Dr. 
Phil Baker of the NIH, and Dr. Ray Dattwyler of the IDSA organized 
it.); and
     Sought surveillance definition modifications.

    Throughout the 2 years of emails circulated among the Quasi-
Government Lyme Organization, three things are clear. First, there was 
no dividing line between the private enterprise interests of the IDSA, 
a medical society, and those of the public or the government. The 
anticompetitive agenda of the IDSA Lyme researchers was adopted 
unquestioningly by the CDC and NIH as their own. Second, neither the 
CDC nor the NIH exercised impartiality or sought the views of IDSA's 
competitors, patients, or the public in making its public policy 
determinations regarding the IDSA and its competitors. Third, the 
public and the IDSA's competitors were excluded from the meetings and 
communications. The group included government employees who worked to 
pursue the IDSA's interests. Specifically, government employees 
reviewed IDSA guidelines drafts, helped get them listed on the National 
Guidelines Clearinghouse, worked to delist the guidelines of IDSA 
competitor ILADS, reviewed drafts of the NEJM article, referred the 
NEJM article to the CDC press office to ensure that it was publicized, 
had the CDC press office request open access publication of the NEJM 
article from the publisher, and worked with a private IDSA researcher 
and grant recipient to host a scientific conference that would 
determine a research agenda and inform funding decisions.

                               DISCUSSION

    Professional medical societies, including the IDSA, serve the 
economic interests of their members and members in turn sometimes bring 
their own economic and commercial interests to bear on the actions of 
their medical societies--for instance, in developing clinical 
guidelines. These are not entirely new phenomena. More than 20 years 
ago, Professor P. Kissam, an expert in healthcare antitrust law at the 
University of Kansas School of Law, described these interests:

          Professional societies are organized to promote the economic 
        and professional interest of their members, and their decisions 
        regarding the economic behavior of professionals typically are 
        made by groups of professionals who sit in judgment of their 
        competitors. Further, although professional societies profess 
        to be operated in the public interest, the modern social 
        science analysis of ``professionalism'' indicates that 
        collective professional decisions regarding economic behavior 
        often are determined by a professional ideology and technology, 
        to say nothing of economic interests that are not so clearly in 
        the public interests. (Kissam 1984.)

    In the case of Lyme disease, there are two competing medical 
paradigms and medical societies. The IDSA supports the view that Lyme 
disease is hard to catch, easy to cure and that any persistent 
manifestations in patients after a short treatment of antibiotics are 
caused by something other than the Lyme bacteria. (Wormser 2006) In 
their view, patients suffer from no more than the ``aches and pains of 
daily living''. The opposing viewpoint is held by the International 
Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS). In ILADS' view, Lyme 
disease can be difficult to diagnose and treat, may persist after 
short-term treatment and require additional treatment, and can severely 
interfere with the patient's quality of life. (Cameron 2004) A survey 
of over 4,500 patients with chronic Lyme disease found that 25 percent 
had been on disability at some point in their illness. (Johnson et al. 
2011) Data from this same survey showed that 60 percent of those who 
had tried the IDSA short-term treatment protocols had failed to regain 
their health and 80 percent of patients would not choose to be treated 
under the IDSA protocols.
    Conflicting guidelines are not uncommon. According to the National 
Guidelines Clearinghouse, 25 other diseases have controverted 
guidelines and controversy is common when definitive studies are 
lacking. (Institute of Medicine 2011) Dr. Gordon Guyatt, an expert in 
evidence-based medicine agrees and describes the problem:

          What tends to happen to experts is that they tend to develop 
        strong beliefs and tend to select supporting evidence to back 
        up their beliefs and this is how you have people making 
        absolutely opposite recommendations. . . . Evidence is never 
        enough--it is always evidence in the context of values and 
        preferences that influence guidelines and clinical care. 
        (Guyatt 2011)

    The current state of the science in Lyme disease is ``science-in-
the-making'' and acknowledging this provisionality is an essential 
feature of scientific integrity. The majority of IDSA guidelines 
recommendations generally (Khan et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2011) as well 
as the majority of the Lyme guidelines recommendations (38 of 71) are 
based on no more than ``expert opinion.'' (Johnson & Stricker 2010a). 
The IDSA misrepresents the current state of the proven science. They 
state that only ``a few'' patients remain ill after standard treatment 
while the true figure is 25 to 50 percent. (Stricker & Johnson 2011) 
They cite the NIH-funded trials as definitive proof that longer 
treatments are not effective when few human studies have been 
conducted--all with contradictory results and limited sample sizes. 
(Delong et al. 2012). Moreover, a monkey trial has demonstrated 
persistence of Lyme spirochetes after a treatment regimen modeled on 
the Klempner human trial. (Embers et al. 2012). Dr. Phil Baker was 
responsible for overseeing both the Klempner trials and the Embers 
trial, which was intended to be a fact check on the human trial. Both 
were funded at roughly the same time, but the Embers trial publication 
was delayed for 10 years. Dr. Baker was aware that this valuable piece 
of research had not been completed, yet continued to cite the NIH 
flawed trials as definitive proof that no further research in Lyme was 
necessary.
    Science is supposed to be truth generating, but this can only 
happen when there is a free market of ideas and when contradictory 
viewpoints get a fair hearing. Scientific truth suffers when people or 
institutions within democratic societies ``get hold of some 
institutional position of power (a scientific journal, a research 
institute) and impose their favorite ``line'' of research there, 
leading to a dead end.'' Labinger 2001; pg. 46.)
    The impact of these failed government policies and the use of the 
Quasi-Government Lyme Organization that excluded divergent viewpoints 
and did so without public accountability or oversight has resulted in 
what Congressman Smith characterized as the lost decade at a recent 
congressional hearing that he chaired. A group of researchers who 
adhere to the IDSA party line are funded; while those who do not are 
silenced. The gravity of this situation was highlighted in the 
testimony of Stephen W. Barthold, Ph.D., Distinguished Professor, 
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Center of 
Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine University of 
California, Davis at Congressman Smith's House Hearing on July 17, 
2012:

          ``Because of firmly entrenched opinion within the medical 
        scientific community, evidence of persisting viable but non-
        cultivable spirochetes is slow to be accepted, and research 
        proposals submitted to NIH that feature persistence following 
        treatment are likely to receive prejudicial peer review in the 
        contentious environment of Lyme disease*. Negative comments by 
        peer reviewers of grant applications in the current financially 
        austere NIH climate result in unfundable scores, if they are 
        scored at all (triaged).'' (Barthold 2012)

    Dr. Barthold disclosed that in a recent unfunded R01 application, a 
peer reviewer identified the following as a major weakness:

          ``The lay public that has so far denied the validity of 
        scientific data will misunderstand the significance of . . . 
        [persisting non-cultivable Borrelia burgdorferi] . . . and use 
        it as additional evidence to support the idea of treatment-
        resistant Lyme disease.''

    If research in Lyme disease depends upon whether researchers adhere 
to the appropriate dogma rather than the pursuit of scientific truth, 
why bother? Why waste public treasury on trivial research that merely 
reinforces entrenched dogma? So deep is the culture of entrenched 
intellectual bias held by the bulk of the Lyme researchers funded by 
the NIH and CDC, who also sit as peer reviewers for government grant 
funding, that few speak out. Indeed, Dr Barthold prefaced his remark by 
acknowledging he had nothing left to lose given his pending retirement 
and stated:

          ``There is overwhelming evidence in a variety of animal 
        species as well as humans that B. burgdorferi persists without 
        treatment, but the crucial question is does it survive 
        following treatment, and if so, do surviving spirochetes cause 
        ``chronic'' Lyme Disease or PLDS? These questions cannot be 
        answered by speculative and expensive human clinical trials 
        motivated by firmly held dogmatism.''

    Although the goal of peer review is to improve an article or fund 
more worthy scientific research, Dr. David Kaplan, professor of 
pathology at Case Western Reserve University states that rejections may 
occur ``if the reviewer feels that the paper threatens his or her own 
research or contradicts his or her beliefs'' and that it's a ``problem 
that can very quickly become censorship.'' (Akst 2010) Dr. Brian Martin 
at the University of Wollongong, Australia says: ``[A]nonymous peer 
review can be used to marginalize a challenging theory and, at the same 
time, the secrecy involved can reduce awareness that anything improper 
might be involved.'' (Martin 2010)
    The anonymity of peer review and the abuse of power by Lyme 
guidelines panel members with intellectual conflicts of interest has 
suppressed and silenced critical funding for Lyme disease that would 
address the needs of patients. An editor of a journal which published 
an article submitted by Dr. Stricker challenging IDSA theories remarked 
in an email on the aggressive tone of the comments after publication of 
the article, stating, ``[t]his level of polarized debate was unique for 
our journal and my editor's experience that spans four decades.''
    By engaging in the clandestine activities of the Quasi-Government 
Lyme Organization, the CDC and NIH have given voice to one view of 
science and silenced another. The result has been a decade of research 
promoting the interests of the IDSA researchers and advancing the 
careers of those who participated in the group, while failing to 
further our understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme 
disease.
    In the FOIA email communications, one government official Dr. 
Baker, refers to patients as ``Lyme loonies''. Another government 
employee, Dr. McSweegan refers to the efforts of the group to suppress 
divergent points of view as ``war''. No matter how you parse it, the 
profound favoritism demonstrated toward the IDSA, the targeting of the 
ILADS guidelines, and the attitude displayed toward patient groups is 
anything but impartial.
    The CDC and NIH have an obligation to place the interests of the 
public above those of a private medical society and an obligation to 
act impartially. It is a basic obligation of public service. The 
Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees provides: ``Employees shall 
act impartially and not give preferential treatment to any private 
organization or individual.'' The standards further provide that 
``Employees shall endeavor to avoid any actions creating the appearance 
that they are violating the law or the ethical standards set forth in 
this part.'' (Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the 
Executive Branch).
    We call upon Congress to investigate and disband the Quasi-
Government Lyme Organization. We also call upon Congress to install 
transparent, impartial, non-exclusionary process in all matters of 
public policy regarding Lyme disease. Finally, we ask that peer review 
of grant processes be impartial and not prejudiced or dominated by 
intellectual bias that suppresses research. This could be done by 
making sure that patients have a role in establishing the research 
agenda for Lyme disease and in making sure that patients and other 
scientific points of view are adequately represented in peer review. 
Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, established under the new 
healthcare reform, supports patients' full participation in research, 
including active roles in identifying and selecting research questions; 
reviewing research proposals for funding; and ensuring patient 
participation throughout the research process, including on research 
teams. We call upon the NIH and CDC to implement these practices which 
are designed to prevent grant programs from being driven by 
intellectual bias and furthering private interests rather than those of 
the public.
            Respectfully submitted,
                                 Lorraine Johnson, JD, MBA,
                                           Chief Executive Officer.
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                              Attachment A

                Members of Quasi-Governmental Lyme Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Government Employees  (NIH,
                Researchers                          CDC, NYDOH)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gary Wormser (Invitor)*...................
Larry Zemel*..............................  Paul Mead (CDC)*
Durland Fish..............................  Barbara Johnson (CDC)*
Linda Bockenstedt*........................  Ed McSweegan (NIH)*
Jose Munoz*...............................  Phil Baker (NIH)
Steve Dumlar*.............................  Susan Wong (NYDOH)*
Allen Steer*..............................
Eugene Shapiro*...........................
France Strle..............................
Gerold Stanek.............................
Johan Bakkan*.............................
John Halparin*............................
Mark Klempner*............................
Peter Krause*.............................
Arthur Weinstien*.........................
Donna McKenna.............................
Hank Feder*...............................
Ira Schwartz*.............................
Jerry Green...............................
John Nowakowski...........................
Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld....................
Sunil, Sood*..............................
Tom Draper (Med Advisor to city of Danbury
 & Cochair of the Task Force on Lyme
 Disease at Danbury).
Raymond Dattwyler*........................
Robert Nadelman*..........................
Volker Fingerle...........................
Robert Smith*.............................
Susan O'Connell*..........................
Paul Auwaerter*...........................
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bold members are authors of 2006 IDSA Lyme guidelines. Wormser GP,
  Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, Halperin JJ, Steere AC, Klempner MS, et al.
  The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease,
  human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice
  guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect
  Dis. 2006 Nov 1;43(9):1089-1134.
Asterisked members are authors of 2007 NEJM article. Feder HM, Jr.,
  Johnson BJ, O'Connell S, Shapiro ED, Steere AC, Wormser GP, et al. A
  critical appraisal of ``chronic Lyme disease''. The New England
  Journal of Medicine. 2007 Oct 4;357(14):1422-30.

                                 ______
                                 
                     Letters to Senator Blumenthal

    Nothing is more important in the fight against Lyme disease than 
hearing the voices of those affected. The following was provided by 
many patients, advocates, and stakeholders, and I am pleased to submit 
this testimony to the permanent record of the hearing of the Health, 
Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, which took place on August 
30, 2012, entitled ``Lyme Disease: A Comprehensive Approach to an 
Evolving Threat.''--Richard Blumenthal, U.S. Senate.
                                 ______
                                 
                  PAT SMITH, LYME DISEASE ASSOCIATION

    Senator Blumenthal & U.S. Senate HELP Committee Members: My 
experiences with Lyme disease began about 27 years ago when, as a board 
of education member in my NJ township, I witnessed students and staff, 
in particular from one area of the community, develop a disease called 
Lyme disease, one which we in the public sector knew nothing about. I 
got the district to agree to put out information through the schools, 
after I spent weeks trying to find out what Lyme was and where I could 
find that information. I finally found what I needed on a local 
military installation, where some of the first cases of Lyme in NJ had 
been diagnosed and treated. It was the first time I heard about 
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, which had often been the initial 
diagnosis of the children who were later correctly diagnosed with Lyme.
    A few years later, first one then another of my children developed 
Lyme disease. Fortunately, I was aware of the symptoms of Lyme and when 
my oldest daughter had symptoms which could be described at best as 
weird, I sent her to a hospital near her college, where they readily, 
without fanfare, diagnosed and treated her for Lyme disease. My 
youngest daughter was not so lucky. Her symptoms were vague and in the 
intervening years between the onsets of my daughters' health problems, 
suddenly those who had Lyme became pariahs, and the journey to get my 
youngest daughter diagnosed and treated was a nightmare which I liken 
to a trek through Dante's Inferno, with each downward spiral worse than 
the previous one.
    I had intended to raise my 3 children and reenter the work force 
when the last had finished elementary school. That was not to be, as my 
youngest became sick around 10 years old, and remained in the grips of 
a disease that took her through arthritis, petit mal and grand mal type 
seizures, temporal lobe type seizures, gastrointestinal problems, back 
and neck problems, memory loss, mental confusion, tachycardia, 
brachycardia, panic anxiety attacks, hallucinations, balance problems, 
eye problems, muscle pain, nerve pain, later morphea sclerodoma and a 
condition similar to POTS, and blackouts. If you are not familiar with 
some of those terms, welcome to our Lyme world of the 80s, 90s and 
later. I was a mother, not a doctor, but soon had to not only argue 
legally, scientifically and morally for treatments that worked but had 
to mix and dispense meds through pumps and hang IV drips. I remember 
worrying at 3 a.m. whether I would kill my daughter, as I carefully 
tapped air bubbles out of syringes on a ``sterile'' kitchen table.
    The worst of times were the 3-4 years of seizures, where she was 
out of school, technically on home instruction, although many sessions 
had to be cancelled. The ``episodes'' she had were something no mother 
should have to deal with, and when a doctor finally gave me a name to 
put with it, I was ecstatic. A name meant the ability to deal with it. 
Temporal Lobe Seizures, he said. I searched for an expert on temporal 
lobe seizures in the U.S. and called him up. He was kind enough to 
listen to what I told him about my daughter, what her Lyme had 
triggered, what I had done, and when I finished my tale, he said, 
congratulations, you now know more about temporal lobe seizures than 
most doctors in the world. I was stunned and did as much research (no 
Internet then) as I could into what was happening to her, the different 
manifestations--the times when she spoke with no ``affect,'' the times 
she spoke like a little girl, the times she just sat and stared for 
hours on end, the times she screamed for us and did not know we were 
there, the times she woke up screaming that she had ``6'' fingers (on 
one hand), counting them and showing her were useless in those times, 
there was no rationality during those episodes. I remember the nights I 
slept on a mattress on the floor beside her bed, so if she woke up in a 
seizure state, I would be there to calm her from the awful nightmares 
and assure myself instantly that the bloodcurdling screams were not 
someone killing her. These seizure states seemed to be controlled by a 
switch. They turned on, lasted 16 hours or so a day, and turned off. 
She, fortunately, was left with no memory of what occurred during them, 
we were not as fortunate. We were all exhausted, and my entire life was 
spent tied to my daughter and her terrible illness, trying to find 
people to help save her life. I wore a beeper (no cell phones yet) so 
my husband could beep me if I ran to the store and something happened. 
I rarely left home. Once I came back and found she had retreated into 
the fetal position. That is when I decided that if my daughter 
survived, I would never let a family go through this alone again. I 
have tried to keep that promise.
    Fast forward to today, where after many years of antibiotic 
treatment and alternative treatments, my daughter has a life after 
graduating with honors from a prestigious college (ironically, the 
doctors associated with that college refuse to treat chronic Lyme 
patients) and has held corporate jobs in a medically-related field. 
Does she still have Lyme disease? Yes, I say that not as an ``expert,'' 
but from the perspective of 121 mother years of experience and 24 
grandmother years of experience of dealing with children with and 
without Lyme.
    There is discourse out there from some who call themselves experts 
who know nothing about Lyme disease, or worse, do know, but are led by 
vested interest. They claim Lyme patients and their families think 
everyone has it. Not true. Two of my daughters have Lyme, one doesn't; 
all four of my granddaughters do not. I want to keep it that way.
    Instead of entering the paid workforce, I devoted my life and 
energies to volunteer to help those afflicted with Lyme and help others 
avoid Lyme. To that end, I have spoken and/or testified in numerous 
State capitals across this country and in Washington, DC. I have met 
with leaders connected to all levels of government and all branches of 
the Federal Government and met with the military. My 12 years as a 
board of education member and board president taught me how government 
should operate, how it does operate, and how to get problems solved. 
The first issue requires educating people to the problem. I have done 
that, the next requires lobbying, I have done that--when that fails, it 
is time to rally those who have the same types of problems--I have done 
that, and I continue to do all of the above.
    It is time now that government recognizes that Lyme has gone from 
an unknown infectious disease to one which has spread from a few States 
in the 70s & 80s to all States and to 65 countries throughout the 
world. It is time to recognize that in 2009, the Centers for Disease 
Control & Prevention, CDC, said that Lyme surpassed HIV in incidence in 
the U.S. It is time to recognize that the testing used for Lyme disease 
is ancient--while scientists are mapping genomes and using DNA testing, 
Lyme doctors are forced by government agencies to diagnose by looking 
for antibodies that may take weeks to develop, if at all, or may not be 
testable when they do develop.
    Patients are caught in the middle of vested interest ``experts'' 
who saturate the media with their take on the science of Lyme, shutting 
down discussion of all the aspects of the science, refusing to partake 
in any meaningful dialogue with those who hold different opinions based 
upon science the experts have decided is unworthy. These experts use 
their influence as medical journal reviewers and also walk the halls in 
State Capitols and in Washington, DC, and use their significant 
financial clout to make sure their message is heard and accepted. That 
leaves us, the patients, the families of patients, who are also 
advocates, to stand up for the patients who are physically, mentally, 
emotionally, and financially drained from Lyme disease, to try to get 
them the help they desperately need. The ``experts'' have decided that 
we too, the advocates, are crazy, unknowledgeable, unstable, and they 
use their bully pulpit to spread those lies with relish, trying to 
discredit the people in the trenches who are working to help humanity.
    You have the ability to help patients and to prevent others from 
becoming patients. To borrow from a once popular TV series, ``the truth 
is out there.'' You need to uncover that truth, wresting it from those 
who would prevent it from reaching daylight, those whose gravy train 
will be derailed if that truth comes to light. On behalf of patients 
everywhere, I ask that you make that effort. Read the testimony from 
this hearing and for further details on the science, the reporting, the 
testing, the numbers, I ask that you go to the U.S. House Foreign 
Affairs Committee, Africa, Global Health & Human Rights Subcommittee 
Hearing Record on Lyme disease on July 17, 2012. There, you can find 
some measure of that truth and have a springboard for actions, which 
you as government officials, can take to end Lyme disease. Thank you.
      debbie siciliano and diane blanchard, lyme research alliance
    We at Lyme Research Alliance are determined to find the answers on 
tick-borne diseases through science and are raising private funding to 
do so. While it is our wish that the Federal Government will help to 
find these answers, we are concerned over how the research dollars have 
been spent. The prejudicial funding by our government has slowed the 
process down, and countless children and families are suffering because 
of it.

                    ALANA BOSSIDY, MERIDEN, CT 06450

    When I was growing up, I can remember my mother having days where 
she would need to lie down; where she wouldn't be able to move around 
much because of the achiness in her joints. Since I was so young, it 
was hard to understand why my vibrant mom was feeling like this. As of 
today, my mother has now been infected by strands of Lyme disease 3 
different times.
    When I was in college, my brother began feeling ``under the 
weather.'' The array of symptoms continued for a couple of weeks, and 
not soon after, I received a call that my brother was in the hospital 
with meningitis. When he was finally released, we knew that something 
was still wrong. My brother, who had always been the healthy one while 
we were growing up, was now sick all the time. On any given day, he 
would wake up to a full day of aching joints, anxiety attacks, memory 
loss, severe back and neck pain, migraines, and heart palpitations. The 
list of symptoms he was experiencing was endless. In the span of 5 
months, my brother was sent to a range of different doctors including a 
neurologist, a rheumatologist, and a gastroenterologist. He had 
multiple CAT scans, MRIs, and tests. In the end he was diagnosed with 
Lyme disease. Today my brother will administer his intravenous 
medication, just as he has almost every day for the past 6 years.
    In the summer of 2008, I started feeling really lousy. I was 
constantly tired. All I wanted to do was stay in bed. I started having 
trouble remembering things. I would forget how to get to the mall that 
I had gone to every week since I was a teenager. I would forget entire 
conversations I had with friends and family. I could no longer 
multitask without having anxiety. I had my first anxiety attack in 
August of that year. I was paranoid, fatigued, anxious, and nauseous. I 
had a constant headache, stiff neck, back pain, fever, and heart 
palpitations. I had night sweats, digestive problems, shortness of 
breath, and difficulty speaking and putting my thoughts into words. My 
list of symptoms was also endless. I was diagnosed with Lyme disease 
and ``treated'' with 5 weeks of medication that summer. Now, 4 years 
later, I have been on and off medication trying to diminish the 
symptoms that continuously pop up. In the past 4 years, I have seen a 
psychologist for my anxiety, a gastroenterologist for my digestive 
problems, and an infectious disease doctor who specializes in Lyme 
disease.
    Lyme disease has changed the lives of my family and me. Our 
conversations swirl around how we're feeling on the particular day, 
whether we remembered to take our medication, and will we ever feel 
normal. Most days we forget what normal feels like. You learn to accept 
the days you feel sick and to cherish the days you aren't bothered by 
symptoms. I am sick of living a Lyme disease life. I am sick of 
worrying about my brother's health and the amount of medication he's 
had to intake. I am sick of going back on medication and worrying 
whether I will someday infect my own children with this horrible 
disease. I simply want my life back. Is that too much to ask?
                 mr. jeffrey dicera, milford, ct 06460

A Long Case of Lyme Disease?

    Even though I'm writing something right now, I'm not composing 
songs or scripting movies like I normally would at this time. My hands 
haven't been strong enough to allow the inspiration to follow through, 
and the people around me want to know what's going on. I never, ever 
thought I'd be writing a testimony about a chronic disease, especially 
Lyme. I was led to believe it was just a painful flu-like virus with an 
ugly rash. But now I can't think of anything better I could do for 
anyone but to explain it once more, and hopefully this time, make 
enough sense of it so we can do something.
    I've lived in Connecticut all my life. I enjoyed playing outside a 
lot and was pretty nimble and active, sometimes bragging about it. Most 
of all, music was, and still is my life. When I was 7 years old, I was 
sent to the hospital by my pediatrician for a virus. It was mildly 
scary. It was like the flu, but with very sharp, sudden pains that 
migrated throughout my body. After about a week, I developed a rash on 
my leg, and we needed to see the doctor right away. They suspected it 
was Lyme.
    We were sent to the hospital for all the necessary tests. Later 
that evening, the results came back 100 percent negative from five 
labs. At that point, it was diagnosed as a rare virus with a long name, 
which ruled out Lyme disease. I had taken a children's prescription of 
ibuprofen, or an equivalent, and after several weeks, the rash 
disappeared some time after the pain.
    Things were normal again, so I resumed my life, writing songs for 
the first time. When I was around 9 years old, I developed an 
excruciating pain in my knee. Nothing showed but the pain was 
unbearable. The next day it was greatly swollen, several inches wider. 
My doctor referred me to the hospital once more for more tests, and 
again, it was another unusual virus. This occurred two more times that 
year, then never happened again.
    In 1990, after surviving a car accident, I had experienced some 
post-traumatic symptoms for years after, which got worse, oddly enough 
during one of the best times of my life. I always say that I was afraid 
to enjoy something and I wondered if I made myself sick from the 
thought. After many years, I realized I didn't, not entirely anyway. 
From 1994-97, the symptoms developed to a disorder that eventually took 
over my daily function. As I was starting my first year in college, I 
had something wrong inside that I kept fighting. I fought to the point 
where I couldn't walk any more, missing classes, and eventually not 
leaving the house. I was sent to the emergency room with what they 
first thought was a stroke. After 3 days, tests came back that I had a 
potentially fatal chemical imbalance, based on two major chemicals that 
were almost absent. The cause was said to be from a growth spurt, which 
I never understood since I was always being outgrown throughout school. 
But the prognosis was a full recovery in 3 years, at the most. I was 
treated with anti-psychotic meds. A year later, I was able to return to 
college and graduate.
    From 1998-2008, I'd been on meds the whole time and could not yet 
grasp the independence from the meds. I developed some memory and focus 
problems, while also gaining a lot of weight. I realized I was strong 
enough without the meds, and made a vow and mission to get off the meds 
and become myself again. From 2008-10, I was weaned off the meds, 
eventually seeing happiness again. Focus returned, as did my memory, 
which really helps in this case.
    In 2009, I started to feel occasional heart palpitations. I was 
concerned, but everyone else said it wasn't anything to worry about. I 
also developed a cough that lasted throughout 2010, followed by some 
muscle stiffness and occasional tremors. A lot of life-changing events 
occurred that year, prompting work on a new album. Yet I needed to take 
more action to get a new doctor and undergo an overdue routine 
physical.
    In November 2010, I tested positive for Lyme disease. It was a 
shock, and yet it was a big relief! The doctor administered the Lyme 
test because of my recent symptoms, and the question came up, ``Do you 
recall ever getting a tick bite?'' All of a sudden, it hit me. I 
remembered the rash I got when I was 7. The doctor told me more about 
Lyme, that if not caught early, it spreads through the central nervous 
system and the brain. I began to consider that Lyme disease was 
possibly the cause for all the unusual ailments I experienced over the 
years.
    So I was given a round of oral antibiotics for 4 weeks. The 
symptoms gradually progressed, plus I had trouble shaking colds for 
months, at the same time, still seizing opportunities to play and 
promote the new album. I found myself repeatedly calling the doctor's 
office for appointments, while getting hung up on, or a voice message 
saying they're closed, during business hours! Between the lack of due 
attention, and the disease itself, I was at this point full of anxiety, 
feeling helpless and invisible. Symptoms progressed and I became 
uncharacteristically irritable.
    Meanwhile, I'm trying to build a fan base, while touring with two 
bands. Over the summer, being a drummer, I began to have trouble with 
my hands. They got bitter cold frequently and I had persistent joint 
pain. Nevertheless, I kept playing.
    The doctor finally came through and more tests were done. Lyme came 
up negative, arthritis was negative in x-rays, yet the physical pain 
prompted a referral to a neurologist. At this point, my left (dominant) 
hand was going numb during shows, and I was having trouble carrying 
drums to gigs. The neurologist did a Nerve Conduction Study, and there 
was no damage. All doctors concluded there was no evidence of Lyme 
causing the symptoms. They said it was a reaction from Lyme when it was 
active. Rest, better diet, and better sleep would help to make a full 
recovery. Symptoms got worse, and I became less mobile.
    Early this year, I was advised to be more proactive and find a Lyme 
specialist. I started to hear more stories like mine, and I read many 
things online, mainly because I wanted a name for whatever I was 
feeling. Most pain was accompanied by shortness of breath and sometimes 
fainting, severe chills and gasping for air. I couldn't sleep much and 
averaged about 3 hours a night for months. Yet the more I learned and 
experienced, the more I was convinced that I had this since I was 7.
    In February 2012, I was referred to a specialist with great 
credentials. After another test for Lyme, I was promised a follow-up 
with more tests for co-infections. After winning a long battle getting 
coverage, I was stopped at the doctor's office and forced to pay before 
I could get the results. It turned out they didn't accept my coverage. 
Once we paid, the tests showed Lyme was present, but not active. No 
other tests were done for Lyme at this point, and I was referred back 
to the neurologist.
    I was prescribed meds again, for inflamed nerve endings and 
anxiety. This proved to be a problem at shows. Shortly after, I lost 
most of the function of my left hand.
    The effects persisted for weeks, and then months into today. I 
feared I would miss my shows, which I didn't. I performed those shows 
with a splint brace and reworked my drumming technique. As it stands 
now, I'm seeing an infectious disease specialist and have been tested 
for multiple diseases, including co-infections and non-Lyme I.D.s. I'm 
likely going to undergo tests for Lyme in the brain.
    This is not just an illness. It's a social nightmare. After losing 
the ability to handwrite, to play most of my instruments, but 
reassurance that I can sustain playing drums, I lost my job and most of 
my friends, whom I've worked with and shared memories with for 8 plus 
years. My new album has been postponed since 2010, and I've hesitated 
to promote it for its own protection. My work is my mission in life, 
but more often now, I fear the worst. I know I can do better. Lyme, in 
any form, is serious, not only how deceiving it is but how many people 
are going through it. Whatever we do would change a lot of things for 
the better. For now, the best thing I can ask for is to be heard, and 
understood as myself again.

                  MS. LORI ESPOSITO, EASTON, CT 06612

    My third try . . . cannot read, email, etc. without daily 
migraines, extreme fatigue, and flu like symptoms, due to undetected 
Lyme and Babesia. Insurance does not cover doctors for Lyme and denied 
by ltd. Only child is son now 10 and was ill since he was 2. Just want 
to be able to lift my head without pain and work again and have some 
normal fun and activity with my son. Please recognize how seriously 
disabling Lyme is and the need for insurance companies to also.

                MRS. KRISTIN MARSHALL, MYSTIC, CT 06355

    I have Lyme disease, I am a mother of two small kids, and I am 
slowly dying.
    I contracted Lyme disease 16 years ago, but was only diagnosed 2 
years ago. My husband and children have watched me get worse by the 
day, to the point where I can rarely get out of bed, play with my kids 
or take care of my family's basic needs like cooking and cleaning. I 
cannot work because of this disease.
    Because I am unable to work we are in a low-income bracket and are 
recipients of Connecticut's Medicaid program which provides our entire 
family with full health insurance coverage. We are humbly grateful for 
all that this offers. It isn't enough, though, for someone with Lyme 
disease.
    Doctors and medical professionals that follow the ILADS guidelines 
and properly treat Lyme disease do not accept health insurance, most of 
them for fear of losing their medical licenses for ``over prescribing'' 
antibiotics. So people like me who have no money to pay out-of-pocket 
are left to die a slow and miserable death.
    The reasons for this are beyond my ability to put in to words here; 
I have a basic understanding of the controversy between the CDC, IDSA 
and ILADS but I lack the comprehension skills to describe it. The only 
way I can talk about it is to say that it is unconscionable what is 
happening to people like me with chronic Lyme disease.
    We need to be able to see Lyme literate medical professionals, bill 
our insurance, and have said insurance companies pay for our life-
saving medications. That is the one result I pray for in this bill.
    Please, please help me. Please.

                 MS. BETH CAPPIALI, GREENWICH, CT 06830

    I can testify to the devastating results of undiagnosed Lyme 
disease and the ongoing problems associated with the disease. For years 
I suffered cognitive, physical, and emotional disorders with no 
substantiated cause. I saw physicians, specialists, allergists, and 
immunologists at the local, regional, national, and finally, 
international level. I have been treated for every symptom from high 
blood pressure, high cholesterol, allergies, rashes, fevers, muscle 
weakness, joint pain, thyroid malfunctions, and a plethora of more 
minor ailments. All of these symptoms presented either simultaneously, 
separately, or in sequence. It wasn't until a diagnosis of Lyme and 
massive doses of antibiotics that I was able to resume some semblance 
of normal life. It has left me with ongoing anaphylactic responses to 
the most minute particles of cat dander proteins, respiratory issues, 
joint issues, and muscle spasms and that is considerably superior to 
the past 10 years.
    These issues have caused great financial problems, emotional 
issues, familial constraints, physical realignment and confinement, 
along with fluctuating cognitive abilities and emotional ability. The 
autoimmune response appears to be untreatable at this time, but there 
is some hope with clinical trials in Canada. The trials in Japan and 
those in Los Angeles have proven futile.
    This disease has caused great damage to my business, my husband, my 
children, my home and my friends. I cannot stress enough that the 
research into diagnosis and treatment for its ongoing effects must be a 
priority.
    Thank you for this venue.

                   LISA STEIN, GLASTONBURY, CT 06033

    I was diagnosed in 1996 with mono. I continued to have difficulties 
and could barely walk. I was in my 20s and I felt like I was in my 70s. 
I was dismissed by my doctors and diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 
depression. I pushed on and stopped going to the doctors because they 
weren't helpful. I continued to have ups and downs. During the downs I 
would have pain and emotional distress and would end up having to leave 
my job and change my profession. I was finally diagnosed with Lyme 
disease in 2006 when my pain one morning just flipped sides. My doctors 
thought it was a recent infection, so the treatment I received didn't 
stick. I started a new job and got sick all over again, bedridden for 
months again (for the 3rd time in my life, and my fourth job, once 
again lost due to my illness).
    Lyme disease has affected me physically, neurologically, 
professionally, and socially. My friends have successful careers and 
relationships and children. I am not able to sustain any of those. I 
cannot keep up physically and I am not able to function neurologically.
    I worked hard for my education and to be successful in my 
profession. Now I am ill and living at home with my parents and not 
financially independent. I don't have a family of my own. Lyme disease 
had changed my personality and my life. I wouldn't want to see anyone 
ever have to go through what I have been through. My COBRA insurance 
coverage ended and if I can find an insurance company to cover me, they 
do not cover my doctor visits to the Lyme specialist. It's difficult 
and I struggle not only financially but also physically and 
neurologically. It's frustrating to have different pains, not knowing 
if it is the Lyme disease or something else and needing to go to doctor 
appointments to have them say everything is normal. I repeatedly have 
to endure physical therapy, not from my activity but just from the Lyme 
disease. The savings I worked so hard to save for my future, spent on 
doctors' bills and treatment. The damage from Lyme disease is done and 
I will never be able to return to my teaching profession, and although 
I'm hopeful, I may never have any profession. I may never have a 
personal relationship. I may never be able to have a family of my own. 
To think this could've been prevented if only my doctors were more 
knowledgeable, open minded and supportive to consider my condition was 
the result of Lyme disease and to provide the proper treatment. I would 
be successful in my career and personal life. I feel cheated out of my 
life and career (never mind just being able to hold a job). People 
don't realize how damaging Lyme disease really is, and it's frustrating 
to hear, ``well you look great.'' (Probably from all the bed rest my 
body requires.) It's not about how I look, I'm constantly in pain. I'm 
not able to communicate effectively and I can only get my point across 
to you, if I had a few months to compose these few paragraphs.

               TERESA HITCHCOCK, WINDSOR LOCKS, CT 06096

    I have late stage Lyme disease which has affected every aspect of 
my life. Initially, I didn't realize that my symptoms were anything 
more than the common cold. But why did every sniffle turn into 
bronchitis or pneumonia? Why did it last months on end while picking up 
everything from pink eye to the flu? Because I was unaware that I was 
dealing with such a largely suppressed immune system from such a tiny 
bug.
    Shortly after giving birth to my son in 2002, I found myself 
constantly landing in the doctor's office with a myriad of 
complications. A skin rash that would not clear up, a swollen knee that 
couldn't be relieved, a painful shoulder without cause, a numbing hand 
that became difficult to use, piercing migraines and plenty of 
sleepless nights. Missing time at work and struggling to keep up at 
home, I brought these increasing concerns to the attention of my 
Primary Care Physician. Why did the doctor tell me that I had ``Mommy 
Stress Syndrome''? Why did the doctor have me go through Worker's Comp 
to address my hand and shoulder? Why didn't the doctor do any blood 
work? Because the doctor was unaware of the manifestations of Lyme 
disease.
    Over the course of 6 years and nearly a dozen specialists, I did 
physical therapy, tried countless medications, had hand and knee 
surgery but still had no relief. At this point, cognition complications 
were becoming extremely frightening and I had lost all faith in the 
medical community. Out of desperation, I sought the help of a reputable 
Naturopath. He listened while I pleaded to regain my health and after 
just one visit and my first set of blood work, I finally had a 
diagnosis. Lyme disease--positive, positive, positive! I was so excited 
by the results, this meant I could take some antibiotics and be cured. 
Then why was I still so sick after 30 days of Doxycycline? Why wasn't 
my primary care physician able to continue the treatment? Why was it so 
hard to find a Lyme Literate Medical doctor? Because 30 days of 
antibiotics is clearly insufficient and medical guidelines tie the 
hands of willing doctors.
    Being sick for so long caused my life to be turned upside down. At 
home, I felt distanced from my family. Unable to get out of bed to even 
sit at the park or toss a ball with my son. Unable to consume the 
simple pleasures of life. At work, my peers began to doubt my 
credibility. Being absent a lot caused frustration for them. I 
tolerated snide remarks and eventually felt as though I was under 
constant attack and unwelcome. Running out of sick time and FML 
protection with ongoing debilitation caused me to resign in October, 
2011. This was by far, the hardest to accept. All my hard work down the 
drain and how will I sustain the loss of income. Why is this happening 
to me? Because I have an ``invisible'' illness that nobody understands.
    Currently, I have Chronic Insomnia, fatigue so severe it's like 
wearing a 300 pound blanket that I can barely carry, profound muscle 
weakness that causes me to drop things and even fall down, painful 
muscle spasms, tremors, achy joints, cognitive complications including 
memory loss, brain fog, disorientation and blackouts, loss of word 
recall with stuttering, migraines, seizure-like events, heart 
complications causing palpitations and a recent bout of Pericarditis. I 
have lots of dizziness and have been diagnosed with Postural 
Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome after numerous fainting episodes. GI 
upset so bad that I was hospitalized after not being able to eat or 
drink for 10 days, urinary complications, loss of temperature control 
such as excessive sweating or freezing hands and feet, visual changes, 
light sensitivity, hearing loss, sound sensitivity, dental 
deterioration, hair loss, adrenal fatigue, vitamin deficiencies and so 
on. The list seems endless since the disease affects every system of 
the body. Why do I continue long-term antibiotics since it is unclear 
if I am getting better? Because without it, I may be confined to a 
wheelchair or have facial paralysis or be dead.
    To sum it up, this has been a long difficult road. I have applied 
for Social Security disability only to be denied. I am sick and in 
financial ruin. Guess I can kiss my 800 credit score good-bye and just 
hope for a miracle to find a way to pay my health insurance premium, 
medical bills and to keep a roof over my head with food in it. And just 
when I thought it couldn't get any worse, it did. My biggest fear has 
reared its ugly head. I thought I'd get through my story without tears 
but this is so unbearable for me.
    My son has shown subtle signs of Lyme symptoms in the past. I had 
suspicion of him contracting it congenitally and brought him to the 
Children's Hospital for evaluation when he was 6 years old. The 
specialist advised me not to worry. Stating that he'd be dead already 
if he was infected during pregnancy. Most women miscarry or the baby 
dies within days of birth. Austin is now 9 years old and progressively 
showing symptoms. I cannot sit by and watch this unfold without being 
proactive and putting up a fight. I recently heard evidence of infected 
newborns sustaining life. So why is there so little knowledge of 
congenital Lyme disease? (Your turn to answer)
    It's time to pull every resource available to conduct proper 
research of tick-borne illnesses in order to provide appropriate 
testing and treatment. So many lives are counting on it.

                  CORINNE SILANO, TORRINGTON, CT 06790

    In 2011 I was diagnosed as having Chronic Lyme Disease by a 
Naturopathic Physician (via a Western Blot test in which I had 9 out of 
10 positive IGG bands). Prior to that, I had been tested for Lyme 
disease (Elisha test) on numerous occasions over the years by various 
doctors with the results being ``false negatives''. Doctors thought 
that I had everything from congestive heart failure to possible kidney 
issues. I am presently under the care of a Lyme Literate physician who 
believes that I have had this incapacitating disease since I was a 
child (I am now 51 years old). I also have Fibromyalgia as well as a 
result of the Lyme disease. In retrospect, it all made sense ``knowing 
what I know now'' and I needlessly suffered all those years, the 
doctors not knowing why I kept getting sick and why I had various 
symptoms (i.e. neuropathy and edema in my legs, severe vertigo etc.). 
The plethora of issues caused by this disease was the ultimate reason 
why I had to retire from my career of over 31 years in Law Enforcement 
(I was a Police Detective for the City of Torrington, Connecticut). The 
illness (over the years) caused me to miss work for extended periods of 
time and it was not until last year that it was discovered what was 
causing me to feel incapacitated to the point that I struggled just to 
make it to work, let alone make it through a day. Feeling the way that 
I did was certainly a safety issue for me in my job in the capacity of 
a police officer. It is also disheartening that insurance companies do 
not cover all the expenses for Lyme Literate doctors, when in fact 
people diagnosed with Chronic Lyme Disease experience the same symptoms 
as persons with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease etc. The 
disease also takes a toll on family members as well. Lyme disease has 
certainly changed my life, but I count my blessings that I finally 
discovered (through proper testing and unfortunately needless 
suffering) what has been causing me to feel so ill for so many years. 
Thank you Senator Blumenthal for being the voice of so many Lyme 
Sufferers throughout the country. God Bless.

                   STAN SOLARSKI, GUILFORD, CT 06437

    Before all of this started I was 100 mph all day long, with no 
health issues. I'd get up at 5 a.m., go fishing, work on moderate sized 
house projects, work out 5 days a week, have no issues with aches, 
pains, mental clarity, energy, etc. It was many years ago, but I 
graduated in the top 2 portfolios in my class and won design awards--
this all changed.
    Fall 2007 I started having pains in my back near my right shoulder 
blade, I thought I pulled a muscle at the gym. By late fall 2007 I was 
very run down by the end of a work day, the pain in my right rear 
shoulder increased and I had shooting pains down my right arm and up my 
neck and I had a re-occurring upper respiratory infection. I was not 
overly concerned about myself--my wife was pregnant and due at the end 
of Feb 2008. I saw my PCP and he recommended a chiropractor. I did not 
go.
    Jan. 2008 I saw my PCP for the re-occurring upper respiratory 
infection and they gave me levaquin, only because my wife was pregnant 
and due to this I had my first herx. I did not know what happened. I 
had extreme body aches and brain fog--it came on like a switch. I 
called my PCP, he had me come back in, did the Lyme test through Quest 
and found Lyme positive by the end of Jan. 2008.
    Feb. 2008-March 2008--my PCP gave me doxy. I had little to no 
improvement--it was cyclical--I'd feel minimally better for 
3 days and then worse.
    March 2008-July 2008, I went to numerous doctors who told me 
nothing was wrong with me, meanwhile I was untreated and got 
horrendously worse--especially w/brain fog/de-realization/de-
personalization.
    July 2008--February 2009 (if I remember correct)--I saw Dr. Keszler 
in Madison. She helped a little at first, but then only gave me doxy 
for months while I continued to get worse.
    Feb. 2009--current, I saw Dr. Weiss. He gave me 3x the amount of 
doxy I was on and he found I absorb only trace amounts of doxy. So this 
entire time it was like I went untreated. Dr. Weiss found through blood 
test at Ignex I am positive for Lyme and mycoplasma (he said I do not 
have signs of mycoplasma and some of the antibiotics he gave me would 
have addressed mycoplasma). Dr. Weiss clinically said I have bartonella 
and babesia due to harsh reactions I've had to antibiotics (rifampin/
minocycliene combo (I've completed 2 cycles of this) and zithromax/
mepron combo (I completed 1 cycle of this)--and my symptom history. I 
think I did the gambit of antibiotics w/Dr. Weiss with the exception of 
picc line--which I am highly uncomfortable about (instead I did months 
of bicilin shots 3x per week). Dr. Weiss also found that I have Vit D 
deficiency (last checked my level was 43), high amounts of bioflim and 
confirmed active Lyme--all from recent various blood test. He also 
found abnormal spect image, but normal mris and mras. There was a 
suspect ``thing'' in my mra which could be nothing, or the very early 
stages of an aneurism. I need to have another mra around July 2010--can 
I get this through your office?
    Current--I have been off antibiotics since 9/10. I continue to 
improve with the treatments of first an HPMP and now GB 4000 rife 
machines.
    Note--have also been under treatment for the last year or so by 2 
naturopaths. Dr. K with herbal remedies (great w/detox) and Dr. S with 
rife.
    Current symptoms: Since mid-March (11) I started waking up to mild 
to severe back pain and now headaches and body aches (legs!!). These 
usually go away in around an hour of wake up, but sometimes the pain 
lessens but continues throughout the day. By mid-morning I sometimes 
get mild/moderate numbness in my hands, arms and cheeks--along w/a 
little brain haze (possibly because I started drinking coffee again--
dumb). Usually when I leave work by 4 p.m. the numbness and haze gets 
slightly worse. I used to crash when I got home and sat down--this is 
from 2 months ago--I am now better from this. If I keep myself active 
it's not as bad but tough to do, but if I fall asleep, even for 10 
minutes this somewhat clears up. Some days this does not happen--or is 
not as bad--and usually clears up (not 100 percent) by 8-9 p.m. This 
all is not as bad on weekends. The numbness and twitching were an issue 
in the past, gone away and have recently come back. My energy level is 
also slightly lower than original. I had occasional air starvation--but 
only when eating--this has stopped in the last month. Occasionally I 
have ``restless leg'' like symptoms in bed--usually after a rife.
    I treat with the GB4000 every 4 days. I defiantly have a herx 
reaction (depending on the frequency used) and then feel better. I 
suspect that by treating this way I may be pulling out older symptoms 
by hitting the bugs a different way--I am currently on one of the lower 
settings/ways of treating with the machine.
    Past symptoms:

    Night sweats: moderate;
    Freezing cold in warm air temperatures: moderate/severe;
    Fatigue: moderate/severe;
    Swollen Glands: mild/moderate;
    Sore throat: moderate--used to wake up to this every day;
    Bottom of foot pain--especially upon wake up: moderate;
    Testicular pain: moderate;
    UTIs: mild--not too bad, but never had this before. Had 
10;
    Loss of Libido: moderate/severe;
    Heart pains: mild;
    Heart palpitations: moderate;
    Joint pain: mild to severe;
    Muscle stiffness: mild--also had mild burning sensations in my 
neck/shoulders--sometimes throughout whole body;
    Headaches: mild to severe. I used to wake up to a head ache every 
day. I've had severe burning headaches during herxes--similar to acid 
burn feeling;
    Tingling/numbness/burning: mild to severe;
    Vision: mild/moderate floaters;
    Ears: mild to severe ringing;
    Sound sensitivity: mild;
    Vertigo: mild;
    Lightheadedness/Wooziness: mild to severe;
    Difficulty walking: mild--down stairs (during herx);
    Confusion/difficulty thinking: severe;
    Forgetfulness/bad short term memory: severe;
    Rage: severe;
    Disturbed sleep: severe insomnia/early waking--really messed up 
dreams--was on clonopin for months--even during the day due to anxiety;
    Word search/trouble writing/typing: moderate;
    Depression: moderate/severe; and
    Also--severe depersonalization, de-realization, weird perception, 
anxiety, panic attacks in stores (fluorescent lights).

                     MARIE SMITH, ANDOVER, CT 06232

    I have had dozens of tick bites. In December, 2005, I had a small 
unidentified rash and was tested for Lyme and other tick-borne 
infections. That report came back with ``exposure'' to Babesia. Per CDC 
guidelines, I was not treated. Fast forward to April, 2007. I spent a 
day in ER with chest pains and extremely high blood pressure, but my 
heart checked out fine. Two weeks later, I had the results of blood 
work tests showing positive for Lyme and Babesia. Treatment began. Five 
years later, I am still battling these diseases by treating my symptoms 
while continuously searching with hopes of finding a cure. These 
chronic infections have left me at about forty percent ability compared 
to 7 years or so ago. The buildup of disabling fatigue, deep joint and 
muscle pain, along with headaches and panic attacks, are more than 
enough to drive me and everyone around me crazy, especially those that 
live with me. The remedy that helps me is to sleep, rest, recover, and 
repeat, for as much time as it takes to get functioning again. My 
contribution to this community has been greatly limited by these 
diseases. Recently, my symptoms have changed a bit and now include 
moments of dizziness/loss of balance. The ringing in my ears, however, 
is now somewhat tolerable. The bacteria lives and moves about my person 
taking up residence in my weak spots, attacking cells at those spots, 
until something causes them to move somewhere else. I have managed to 
live a good life in spite of my disability because of my supportive 
family and friends. Without them I do not know where I would be. Thank 
you for allowing me to share this with others.

                   ROSEMARY P. WALLINGFORD, CT 06492

    In March 2010, I was diagnosed with ALS at Yale. I was a 49-year-
old mother with a young son. I was completely devastated and was told 
to essentially ``go home and die''. The neurologist also told me to not 
try antibiotics because they didn't work and just made patients sick.
    At the time, I didn't know why he would even say anything about 
antibiotics so when my husband and I researched ALS we found out that 
it has similar symptoms as Lyme.
    For the past few years I have been going to Lyme doctors. The first 
doctor was in Mt Kisco, NY. He was established and took insurance but 
was very paranoid about legal issues so he didn't want to treat me with 
antibiotics very long. I did improve on IV ceftriaxone for 9 months but 
wasn't cured.
    The second doctor I tried was in CO at a clinic run by an 
hematologist that had been diagnosed with ALS but cured using 
antibiotics. Their treatment protocol was very aggressive and 
unfortunately too severe for my body to handle. The cost of seeing a 
doctor long distance was also prohibitive. Phone consults are not 
covered by my insurance.
    I am now going to an osteopath who uses herbs, antibiotics and 
antiparasitic drugs and am doing ok. I am still weak and have trouble 
breathing sometimes but I can drive, eat normally and walk a mile a 
day.
    If I didn't have a chance to try antibiotics because the laws 
prohibited extended use of them, I don't believe I would be here today 
sharing my story. I'm grateful for every moment I have to be with my 
family and to have the freedom to try drugs that might cure a fatal 
disease without fear of legal restriction or medical retribution for my 
doctor.

                    CHERYL RENN, GREENWICH, CT 06830

    As a registered nurse I have found it very disconcerting and very 
frustrating trying to deal with both getting diagnosed and obtaining 
treatment for Lyme Disease. I recognized my symptoms 2 weeks after a 
camping trip in 2007. I did not get treatment until June of 2008. As a 
middle-aged woman doctors tossed my symptoms up as menopause or 
hypochondria. Once I did find an Infectious Disease doctor who was able 
to diagnose me, she would only give me one round of antibiotics and 
insisted that I be seen by a neurologist for my neurological symptoms. 
She was angry and rude to me after I choose an out-of-plan Lyme's 
literate neurologist. I felt really belittled by this woman.
    I had to fight for treatment with my insurance company after my 
initial treatment with Doxycycline. I even had to write letters to the 
Company president, the Insurance Commissioner after many appeals to my 
insurance company at that time (Healthnet).
    The Lyme neurologist got me on track which brought me to remission 
but later he wouldn't see me because he got a bill from my insurance 
company. I always charged my fee so he got full payment from me. I 
dealt with the insurance company myself. Anyhow, my neurological 
symptoms returned and he wouldn't return my phone calls. He is very 
knowledgeable but he picks and chooses his cases and abandons the 
patients that don't suit him.
    I am currently dealing with symptoms again. Mine always present 
neurologically and again I am frustrated by fearful doctors and the 
stigma attached to treating Lyme and the divide between those who treat 
and those who don't and the health insurance companies who now 
seemingly set practice guidelines.
    Really a shame if you are not medically savvy or unable to rally 
for yourself.
    Care costs are driven by ignorance.

                    LINDSAY ROLLIN, BETHEL, CT 06801

    I didn't want to wake up yet! Another few minutes or maybe even 
hours! My back felt like it had sprouted roots that spread deep down to 
the depths of my mattress. As I opened my eyes, my attempt to sit up 
was halted by the excruciating pain radiating from the base of my head. 
A turn to look at my clock sent a worse shiver of pain into my neck, 
taking my breath away. Despite being exhausted, I felt like I had slept 
for decades, like Rip Van Winkle. Is this what being old feels like I 
wondered. I was only 31 years old but I felt more like 81 most days.
    I rolled to the side trying to be careful to keep my head steady, 
which felt heavy like a bowling ball. My eyes burned from the early 
afternoon sunbeam, which shined directly into the space between the 
window and the blinds. My hunger helped drag me out of bed, so I 
wandered into the kitchen. I looked into all the cabinets and fridge 
and weighed out my options. Eggs were completely out of the question. I 
spotted some Honey Nut Cheerios and tried to make a plan--bowl, spoon, 
cereal, milk.
    Too much work I decided as I retreated back to my bed, defeated. My 
journey to the kitchen had jump started the headache, which was a cross 
between the sensation of being hit in the back of the head with a 
baseball bat or as if my brain was one of those spongy creatures that 
expand when placed in water.
    Finally reaching my bed, I sat down and lowered myself onto one 
elbow, then slowly rolled onto my back. I knew something was wrong. It 
felt like my gas tank was empty. I had been coasting--running on fumes. 
I could have probably used an oil change too. Too exhausted to sleep, 
my mind began to wander into the darker place. How can that doctor look 
me in the face and say that there wasn't anything to do. ``Post-Lyme 
Syndrome,'' he said, ``the damage is done. You'll just have to live 
with it.''
    The next few days were a blur--a flurry of self-despair. The 
unbelieving looks from people complete with comments such as, ``But you 
look fine.'' Or ``You really have to start taking better care of 
yourself, you are always sick!'' like I was doing this on purpose. I 
surrendered 17 vials of blood for testing in one visit and still no 
answer. C'mon, early re-activation of mono for the past 7 weeks? If the 
early stage felt this awful, I couldn't wait for full blown mono. 
Another doctor wondered lupus, chronic fatigue, MS. All they seemed to 
be on consensus was that they didn't know what was making me feel like 
I had been hit by a truck or tried to make me feel better. In the game 
of hot potato, I was the potato, quickly being passed from one doctor 
to another--my primary to the neurologist, the rheumatoid specialist to 
the infectious disease and then back again. How can I fight when I 
don't know what I am fighting'
    Frustration overwhelmed me. I knew this all started with a teeny 
tiny tick that I never even found. Lyme was well known but I hadn't 
even heard of Babesiosis. I later learned that the tiny parasites live 
in blood and destroy red blood cells. This is unfortunately just a snap 
shot of my Lyme journey, one of the memories that I would rather 
forget, a moment of time in a journey of at least 5 years in the 
making.
    In our weakest moments, we sometimes make the most important 
decisions. I could be a victim and cry at the injustice. I could be 
patient and wait for a doctor to give me all the answers. But that's 
not who I wanted to be. I had to take charge, educate myself, and be my 
own advocate. Empowerment is a better feeing than victimization. It was 
in that moment of not being able to get out of bed that I made the 
decision to not take this laying down!
    I am currently pursuing a degree at Columbia University's Teacher's 
College and studying with one of the top reading and writing experts in 
the country, but I am plagued with ears ringing during lectures and 
difficulty recalling words. I am an intelligent woman who does not want 
to continue feeling this way while at the same time refusing to give 
in. I am tired of being derailed by mind numbing stiff necks that come 
out of nowhere. It is really hard to work on my studies when the light 
hurts my eyes, making reading my required work difficult. I am fed up 
with not having the same focus I did before becoming infected.
    There is more. More feelings--why me? I'm not even an outdoorsy 
person. How can the government let all these people stay sick? Out of 
all the diseases, why did I have to get the one that is constantly put 
into question if it even exists? I already gave up the idea of breast 
feeding my future babies. I am at the point of even giving up on having 
my own kids, which has always been a top priority. Now I am dealing 
with the reality that no one wants to date someone who never feels 
good, that it is a really hard thing to understand when someone has 
chronic problems. At this point, it takes 100 percent of my energy to 
make it through school.
    Although this is my reality at the moment, it does not have to be 
my permanent reality. It doesn't have to be like this for other people. 
Maybe we don't have to watch it slowly spread to other regions that 
thought they were safe. Maybe other women don't have to give up their 
dreams of being mothers. Maybe I can get better.
    With research and better testing, I am hoping that other people 
won't be mistakenly given rounds of steroid treatments that make them 
sicker. If my Lyme had been detected at that point and doctors had the 
vital understanding that Lyme patients cannot tolerate steroids, that 
it makes them sicker and the Lyme stronger. With research, we can stop 
the controversy.

          SHELLY FLYNN, A.N. FLYNN, MSW, COLCHESTER, CT 06415

    Dear Mr. Blumenthal: My story is not unlike those thousands, 
perhaps millions of people who have experienced Chronic Lyme disease. 
In November 2009, I was finally diagnosed, and properly treated for 
Lyme disease and its often accompanying co-infections. The arduous 
journey however, began long before November 2009.
    My recollection of this journey begins in the summer of 1995, when 
on break from a rigorous Master's degree program, I found myself lying 
on my neighbor's front yard, completely out of breath, a mere 100 yards 
from my home. Always fit, and making time in my busy schedule for 
exercise, this overwhelming feeling of exhaustion and inability to 
catch my breath was completely foreign. Something was terribly wrong 
and I sought help from my primary care physician. I found some relief 
in the 7 day treatment of antibiotics, however, the improvement waned 
as the treatment ended. A second prescription was given, with the same 
result. And finally, a third round was prescribed, with the same level 
of temporary relief.
    At the same time, pulmonary tests, cardiovascular tests, and blood 
tests were conducted--all with negative results. To my knowledge, Lyme 
tests were not conducted. Finally, without any answers to be found, the 
primary care physician recommended antidepressants. Fortunately, in the 
middle of my clinical study in social work, I fully recognized the DSM-
IV diagnostic criteria for depression and knew that this wasn't the 
cause. I left his office with the goal of finding answers and refusing 
an unnecessary prescription.
    I sought help from a number of practitioners including 
acupuncturists and naturopathic physicians, and was diagnosed with 
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Complementary modalities built my system 
enough to finish graduate school and secure employment as a Master's 
level social worker.
    Fast forward 10 years. My health still a concern, however, I am 
determined to ``fight through it'', which practice can only remain 
effective for a while. In May 2006, I was carried out of my place of 
employment in an ambulance with a familiar cause: extreme shortness of 
breath and exhaustion. Again, pulmonary tests, cardiovascular tests, 
blood tests were conducted--all negative. Lyme tests were not 
performed.
    I was released from the emergency room without any answers. Again, 
seeking the help from a different M.D. who also practiced homeopathy, I 
regained enough physical wellness to continue on with my life. In 2007, 
blood tests were finally conducted for Lyme disease. IGG negative; IGM 
positive indicating the presence of a non-
recent infection. Three weeks of Doxycycline were prescribed which 
helped temporarily. Time went on. My system began to crash yet again 
and I still was unable to find an adequate treatment program.
    Frustrated and after much research, I self-prescribed a very 
vigorous herbal protocol for chronic Lyme. This worked for 8 months 
before I began to crash again. Finally, feeling very angry with the 
inability of our medical system to correctly diagnose and treat Lyme 
properly, I sought the help of what is considered a Lyme Literate M.D. 
Unfortunately, this meant a 6 hour round trip to the office accompanied 
by out-of-network costs. Finally, in November, 2009, a diagnosis of 
Chronic Lyme, with the presence of co-infections was rendered. A 
rigorous treatment protocol involving antibiotics and what 
unfortunately is considered as ``complementary'' interventions was 
prescribed. Three years later, and after much self-education, I can say 
that I am feeling much better. I haven't ``crashed'' in years though I 
know full well that I will always need a maintenance program due to the 
presence of a Lyme infection that possibly has a 15-year history in my 
body. I am also knowledgeable enough to demand an appropriate 
antibiotic treatment protocol for my son when his ELISA comes back 
negative yet the test report for the tick that was pulled from my son's 
body and sent to the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 
indicated a female engorged deer tick carrying the spirochetes that 
cause Lyme disease.
    That being said, unanswered questions continue to plague my 
thoughts regarding my experience. How is it that Lyme originated in 
Connecticut, yet one needs to travel out-of-state for proper treatment? 
How is it that Lyme has reached near pandemic proportions and we 
continue to have inconsistent diagnostic criteria across State lines, 
labs tests that are less than accurate, a recommended treatment 
protocol that is ineffective, and physicians without the base knowledge 
of Chronic Lyme? How is it possible that Chronic Lyme is being 
questioned as a viable diagnosis? Why is it that co-infections are not 
routinely tested for when testing for the presence of a Lyme infection? 
How are patients able to navigate through barrier after barrier when 
they are feeling so incredibly ill?
    Chronic Lyme I can battle, and successfully with the right 
interventions. I am a fighter who understands the research behind the 
disease. There are volumes of solid research on Lyme and it's often 
accompanying co-infections. Science knows how the organism behaves and 
what treatment protocols are most effective. The data is available, but 
not being used. We appear to have a deficient health system regarding 
the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme that may not be acting in the best 
interest of the patient. And for what? I ask you to conduct some deep, 
critical thinking on the answers to this question.

                   KATHY LAWRENCE, MILFORD, CT 06460

    On May 30, 2012, it was my decision to visit a rheumatologist for 
various symptoms that I was experiencing--which my regular physician 
was unable to diagnose. The rheumatologist sent me for a full blood 
analysis, and within 2 weeks she said that I have Lyme disease. I was 
prescribed Doxycycline. She told me to return to her office in 6 
months, to re-evaluate my condition. First of all, the prescribed 
medication made me feel considerably more ill than before. I thought 
that in taking this medication, I would feel no other symptoms once the 
course was over. It has been 3 months now, as of writing, and my 
symptoms have not decreased in the slightest. I am frequently crippled 
with incurable pains. It is like a pinball effect on my body. The pains 
are very sporadic. Sometimes I think I just have a headache, but 
shortly after taking something for it (Tylenol) the pains jump 
elsewhere. I have had symptoms for a long time before I visited the 
rheumatologist, but they were not as severe or frequent. I once worked 
several jobs, but I am no longer able to sustain a working man's 
regimen. I am stricken with pains and sickness more often than not. My 
appetite and digestion have been severely affected by this disease. I 
have unbearable migraines that affect my perception greatly, and force 
me to be unable to do anything but try to relax. I was told that there 
are no other options for my symptoms other than taking medications that 
don't work, and instead make me just feel worse.

                    ALICIA COLON, STAMFORD, CT 06906

    I'm a healthy 39-year-old female in the prime of my life. I had 
found what I thought was a scab on my arm because it hurt, I removed it 
and a large red bull's eye appeared. A friend told me they thought it 
might be a tick and told me to save it and send it to the Health 
Department. I called my doctor immediately and told them I thought I 
had been bitten by a tick, and wanted to get on antibiotics, they said 
I would have to wait for the tick to come back. That took several weeks 
and it was positive for Lyme disease, they gave me a script for 
doxycycline and I was fine for many years. One day out of the blue I 
felt extremely ill, my body temperature dropped to 95, my ears were 
ringing, my eyes couldn't handle any light, I couldn't walk straight 
and was falling down, had extreme insomnia, had rapid weight loss, 
muscle spasms, depression, nervous system problems, rashes, my 
menstrual cycle stopped, the list goes on. I ran from doctor to doctor 
saying I was extremely sick, they ran all kinds of tests, including 
Lyme disease tests, only to be told they were negative even though I 
had the symptoms. After a year of running around and still ill, I made 
it to a Lyme doctor and he did specialized tests which showed I had 3 
bands on the Western Blot and also had 2 co-infections; bartonella and 
Babesia. The original doctors had one band showing on the tests (they 
never tested for co-infections), but said they didn't have to tell me 
because the CDC said 1 band means you don't have Lyme disease, what a 
horrible injustice! Huge flaw in our medical system! Thus the 
antibiotic regime started, orals, IV, shots, etc . . . Here I am 12 
years later and still sick. Late stage Lyme disease does exist and co-
infections do as well. More studies and research need to be done to 
fight this horrible disease, the medical community and doctors need to 
be better educated. This disease is now worldwide and is ruining 
people's lives, not to mention the strain it puts on our loved ones, 
the insurance companies and the Government. Lyme disease doesn't 
discriminate; anyone can get it, or a co-infection. These diseases are 
easily transmitted by insects, etc. and more needs to be done to 
protect our loved ones!
    Regards.

                   CAROL ROBLES, STRATFORD, CT 06614

    In April 2012, I started to have chest pain. I have had this 
symptom for about a year and thought it could just be acid reflux 
disease; however the stabbing chest pains were happening more often. I 
started to become extremely tired, and I noticed that my legs would be 
swollen most of day. After going to the doctors and having abnormal EKG 
results, they thought it could be a blood clot or heart disease. I went 
for several testings all came back negative. My initial blood work 
proved there was something not right. My symptoms continued and even 
worsened. Some days I could not stand, I had cramps on my hands, legs, 
and even face at times. I had severe pain all over my body, headaches, 
pressure in my head, difficulties concentrating, stabbing pain on the 
side of head and noticed mood swings. I stayed away from family because 
I was easily annoyed by people. I repeated my visits to my doctor's 
office. Finally, my doctor tested me for Lyme disease, 3\1/2\ weeks 
later I received a phone call and she diagnosed me on July 12, 2012. 
After finishing my 29 days of antibiotics, I am still not the same. I 
still have many days where standing on my feet is painful and even 
notice that my concentration is not the same. I feel all of the 
symptoms daily. I am currently still educating myself about Lyme so I 
can rebuild my body to the way it was before. I thank God for the 
strength he gives me daily. Lyme disease has really affected my life 
and I am currently still awaiting my day where I can be back to normal.

                  MEREDITH LODGE, UNIONVILLE, CT 06085

    I stayed back in 7th grade for not going to school enough. In 10th 
grade I dropped out and got my GED. I started college and made dean's 
list the first semester but ``burned out/withdrew'' because of poor 
attendance the second semester. My third semester I did great. That was 
in 1995--the year my knee was swollen for no apparent reason. I was 
diagnosed with Lyme disease in 2009.
    I worked hard at school and at the jobs I held. But they all ended 
in Burnout. Or the flu. Until 2004, when I finally could not fake a 
full job anymore (I did try again in 2006.) I was able to hold on to a 
per diem job until I could not perform anymore.
    I was tested and told I did not have Lyme disease at least three 
times from 1995-2009 when I got my diagnosis. Furthermore, when I did 
get the diagnosis, I asked the doctor to test me for other tick borne 
infections and he refused. A month later my blood tested positive.
    There needs to be better testing and better treatment. I 
acknowledge it is unlikely I can be helped in my lifetime--I just can't 
afford proper treatment, only the rich can. I could have had I been 
diagnosed in 1995 but after 15 years, there was no chance for me 
anymore. I hope you can help the next generation. I hope they can get 
GOOD truthful testing and appropriate affordable care.
    Suicide is the number one killer in Lyme Patients. I don't know if 
it is because of the chronic pain, isolation, or both, but I don't want 
another person to take their life because they are not treated properly 
or the medical establishment tells them their knee swelling is 
idiopathic--and their wrist pain, and the neck and shoulder pain is 
stress, and oh the migraines, just stress, and the sweating? That's a 
panic attack.
    I don't think enough psychiatrists rule out physical illness. As a 
young 19-year-old who could not walk without a cane, I was told the 
numbness in my tongue, jaw, and hand was a panic attack. Please don't 
let our government treat the kids of today as I was treated. The 
psychiatrist pills never made me better because I was not sick in the 
head, but had an infection.

                 GILLIAN SMITS, WEST SIMSBURY, CT 06092

    I moved to the USA, from South Africa, in 1995 as a young mom with 
my husband and baby son. I knew nothing about the presence of ticks in 
America. In 1996, with a second child in tow, my family and I moved to 
CT from Boston, and in 1998 bought our first house in Simsbury. It was 
at this time, that I started gardening, and had my first of many tick 
bites. Since I did not know the difference between ticks, nor knew that 
they could carry disease, I had no clue that being bitten would change 
the course of my life forever.
    In 1999, at the age of 34, I developed flu like symptoms which then 
passed, after which I developed colitis, which continued for 4 
continuous months and for which doctors could not find the cause. 
Shortly after that, I developed symptoms of reflux and stomach problems 
which did not resolve and which were not related to diet. After that, I 
developed severe night sweats, fatigue and joint pain. I also started 
getting migraines. Each symptom was considered unrelated by my doctors 
and treated separately. No one told me that my symptoms could be 
related to a tick bite and so, because I still did not understand the 
dangers of ticks, I continued to garden, with no protection from ticks. 
In 2001, my youngest son of 5, was bitten by a tick and became very 
ill. He was diagnosed with Lyme disease by his pediatrician after a 
positive blood test and treated with antibiotics, but although he 
improved, he continued to suffer from profound fatigue. I was told that 
it could no longer be Lyme disease but took him to the doctor multiple 
times because he was so tired, that he could not play sports, or live a 
life like other children. He was bitten repeatedly from the age of 5 
until the age of 12; however, every time I took him to his doctor, he 
would only get treated if his blood work was CDC positive, regardless 
of his symptoms. His fatigue persisted along with cognitive and memory 
issues and he was diagnosed with ADHD and needed special education. His 
last tick bite was in 2007, when he was refused treatment by his doctor 
again. In 2005, I was bitten yet again, this time knowing a little more 
about Lyme disease, I saved the tick. I sent the tick for testing at 
UConn, which revealed that this tick did indeed carry Lyme disease. I 
was denied treatment by my doctor, because my blood test was not 
positive, in spite of being symptomatic and was told that there was no 
possibility I could have Lyme, even though the tick was embedded in my 
skin and was dead when I found it. In 2006, my oldest son was bitten by 
a tick and was treated for Lyme disease, but continued to be 
symptomatic after treatment with joint pain, headaches and severe 
fatigue. He was bitten again in 2007 at a summer camp, and his symptoms 
worsened, but this time was denied treatment because his blood test was 
not CDC positive. In 2011 he developed a bull's eye rash with no 
evidence of a tick bite, by which time his fatigue was so profound that 
he would need to sleep every day after school. My youngest son, by this 
time had developed additional health problems, which were unexplained 
by his doctor, and was still suffering from profound, constant fatigue.
    To make things worse, in 2008, I was re-infected by a tick bite to 
the head, after a deer jumped on the roof of my car, and fell through 
the sun roof of my Toyota Sienna. A female deer, weighing approximately 
300 lbs., as described by the police at the site of the accident, 
caused a severe concussion after which I became extremely ill with 
undiagnosed Lyme disease, yet again. In 2009, I was forced to close 
down my business due to severe, almost daily migraines. Repeated visits 
to doctors and specialists were of no help, and I was told they knew no 
reason for my constant debilitating headaches. Even though I questioned 
Lyme disease, my blood work from local labs was never CDC positive for 
Lyme, and so it was always ruled out of the equation. No doctor ever 
thought to put all my symptoms together and look at them being caused 
by a single disease.
    In 2010, I started developing severe muscle pain in multiple areas 
of my body, and tendonitis, and then facial pain and jaw pain that 
became so bad that I could no longer chew or eat solid foods. By this 
time, I was in such pain I could no longer work. The joint pain had 
spread to my fingers, toes, feet, knees and back, and I also had severe 
neck pain in addition to the migraines. By May 2011 my finger joints 
began to swell, and I had dizziness and peripheral neuropathy in my 
feet and fingers in addition to many unexplainable symptoms. In June of 
2011, I was finally diagnosed with Lyme disease by my cardiologist, who 
put the pieces of my health history together. During the 14 years of 
having undiagnosed Lyme disease, I also developed a heart arrhythmia in 
addition to my other classical symptoms and was diagnosed with ADD when 
I became affected cognitively by Lyme disease. Little did I know what 
the truth was at the time.
    I started treatment immediately following my diagnosis in June 
2011, and have found a Lyme Literate M.D. who continues to treat me. I 
have made definite progress in my health, but my entire nervous system 
has been affected by Lyme disease and I am not sure how permanent the 
damage may be. One of the most disturbing symptoms has been the on and 
off loss of my voice, which apparently only affects 2.5 percent of 
victims to Lyme disease. As a singer, this has been devastating to me, 
but I am thankful that I am still alive and am getting treatment. Every 
time I come off antibiotics, I lose my voice only to get it back when I 
go back on antibiotics. After 1 year of oral antibiotics, I am still 
sick enough to need IV treatment. My insurance will only pay for 1 
month of IV antibiotics, and I will have to pay for the rest. As a 
widow with two children, who were recently also diagnosed with 
disseminated Lyme, I have a terrible financial burden imposed on me. If 
my children and I were only treated correctly in the beginning, this 
could all have been avoided. My doctor believes my children will make a 
full recovery, and that I will too, but only with long-term antibiotic 
therapy. Although I am disabled, I cannot take disability because I am 
a widow under the age of 50, and I need to work to get my health 
insurance for myself and my two children. I thought losing my husband 
to brain cancer at the age of 41 was the worst thing I would ever 
endure. I was wrong. Lyme disease has taken years away from me and my 
two children and it could all have been history, if doctors were only 
properly educated and the right treatment not withheld from us at the 
time.
    I hope my story illustrates what can be the worst case scenario for 
a family when Lyme disease strikes. Doctors repeatedly say they don't 
believe in Lyme disease, but it happened to all three of us.
    I will never again work in my garden nor go for a walk in the 
woods. I live in fear of not getting well and being bitten again. It's 
a terrible way to live. I hope my story will be a lesson as to what can 
happen when Lyme disease is left untreated.

                    PATTI VAUGHN, CHESHIRE, CT 06410

    My story is like many others. I'm a Whitewater kayaker and this 
takes me into the woods to get to the river. On one trip home I found 
the tick on my head, went to the doctor after a couple weeks of not 
feeling well and there is my result. I have Lyme disease.
    I've had a few rounds of antibiotics and at this point I only go to 
the doctor when I'm symptomatic. This has cut into my active life style 
and my quality of living. If there could be a definitive test, so you 
would know if you have the active infection or not would be helpful. 
Right now no matter what I test positive because they test for the 
antibodies that I will now always have in my system. My boyfriend has 
suffered with his Lyme for years and finally having to pay out of 
pocket to see doctors to get treatment.

                   EDWARD WALKER, GUILFORD, CT 06437

    I was a vibrant husband, small business owner with a four children 
family, when I was literally struck down with Lyme disease in 1999. It 
attacked my central nervous system and changed my very being. Prior to 
diagnoses, which lasted a few months, I was hot then cold, dizzy, 
incapacitated with fatigue and mentally in a fog with a severe loss of 
my short term memory and, what I refer to as, Lyme induced ADD. My 
whole life as I knew it was upside down and you can imagine how it 
affected my family and my partner and our 30 employees at our small 
town firm. I have not recovered from most of these symptoms. I had to 
sell my half of the company, that I started, to my partner because I 
could not perform my duties as CEO. I, as of 2008 and the sale of my 
company, have had to retire from working at what I loved to do. I'm 
simply unable due to this debilitating illness. I'm sure there are, if 
not 100s, 1,000s of these stories.

                  JULIA MITCHELL, NEW CANAAN, CT 06840

    Suddenly at the end of January this year my 4-year-old son Jack 
developed pain in his knees. Within one day my son was in excruciating 
pain all the time in both his knees and ankles. He could no longer 
stand up. He had to eat his food propped up whilst lying down as it was 
too painful to move him. Within a further 2 days he had chronic pain in 
his shoulder and could not turn his head.
    After 5 days from the initial onset of pain he was diagnosed with 
Lyme disease. He was treated with 7 weeks of antibiotics. During the 
first 2 weeks the pain went away but he was too tired to walk by each 
afternoon. By the 3rd to 4th week of antibiotics he was symptom free.
    We are praying that he has beaten his hideous disease.

                    DONNA CLARKE, PROSPECT, CT 06712

    It was June 3, 2011, I had plans to meet some friends for 
appetizers, I felt an odd tingling feeling in the tips of my left hand, 
didn't think much of it, maybe it was something I had done at work, a 
few moments later I had a ``wave'' of dizzy/lightheadedness come over 
me which lasted a moment.
    I met my friends and was home by 11:00 p.m. I woke up the next 
morning June 4, 2011 the day that changed my life FOREVER! When I woke 
up I had NO feeling in the left side of my face and NO feeling in my 
left hand from my wrist down. Needless to say not only is this not a 
``normal'' occurance but it became very frightening, I was 38 at the 
time, a single mother of a then 15-year-old son that I have sole 
custody of and is my world. I just had to be okay! I waited the day to 
see if it was possibly just a bad migraine coming on, at 5:17 a friend 
brought me to the hospital, I explain what had happened how it came on 
out of nowhere etc. the doctor came back after a short time and said 
``I think it's just a migraine'' I replied as I was crying ``but I 
never got the headache'' a few moments later they came in and said they 
were taking me for a CT Scan. Well not long after the scan the doctor 
returned and said something about finding something on my brain, at 
that moment I think I just shut down and did not hear anything else 
except I was going to ICU, I do know what ICU is but at that moment I 
could not even comprehend what anyone was saying nor what was going on. 
I was in the hospital for 4 days deteriorating SO rapidly fast, I just 
kept repeating ``you don't understand I just want to go home to my son 
and dog'' I was not getting any answers and when I did it was 
everything from a brain tumor to just a mass to your going to need 
brain surgery to you have to be seen by a brain surgeon.
    I had debilitated SO quickly that I could not even walk 4 steps 
when I was released from the hospital 4 days later.
    A few days later I had an MRI, however was not able to be left 
alone as I could no longer do anything. Soon after the MRI I went to 
see a Neurosurgeon, well I had a mass on my brain all right, a 21 mm 
mass!! That is the size of a golf ball, it is in the deep part of my 
brain that controls my breathing and swallowing the Neurosurgeon was so 
confused over what he saw, it did not fit any one diagnosis perfectly, 
he brought this to his peer group that meets once a week to see if he 
could gain any clarity. Needless to say as weak as I was I would NEVER 
just let someone cut into my brain. Upon waiting for the Neurosurgeon 
to speak with his peer group it was suggested by a friend that I should 
see a Lyme doctor. Listen, at the point I was at and how bad I was I 
would have gone to see anyone if I thought they could help. I was SO SO 
VERY lucky to get an appointment within that week. The doctor spent 
over an hour with me as well as I gave him a copy of the MRI for him to 
review, we spoke about how I had been feeling, and he did some 
balancing ``tests'' with me. He also asked me ``why I had never gone 
back to him since 2007, when I tested positive for Lyme''? My response 
was ``I could not afford it'' I did 6 weeks of the doxycycline that he 
had written in 2007, felt better, realized there was no way I could 
afford $250.00 every 2 months to see the doctor as he does not accept 
insurance due to how controversial Lyme and Lyme treatment is and how 
unrecognized Lyme is! Great lesson to learn, too bad it was at the 
expense of my life, health and quality of life! He looked at my MRI and 
yes has seen lessons on the brain but again this did not fit any 
description perfectly. I was put on medicine ASAP from him as he also 
wanted to ``study'' my MRI. I slept 18 hours a day ALL of June, July 
and August. I could not work, drive or even be left alone.
    I returned to see the doctor 6 weeks after my original visit and 
the office manager did not even recognize me. I was able to sit up 
straight and walk somewhat better. Since the 6 weeks in between seeing 
him I had another MRI done, and the mass was now 10mm!!!! It had to be 
Lyme!!!! If it was cancer or a tumor it would not have shrunken that 
quickly or from the medicine alone. I spoke with the Neurosurgeon who 
said that with the rapid decrease in size based on the medication for 
Lyme that he believed in fact it was Lyme. WOW!!!! A Neurosurgeon that 
actually believed in Lyme!
    I had gone through emotional ups and downs during those 3 months 
when I was not sleeping. Yes part denial still, part oh how I hate 
feeling this way, part I just want to be me again.
    In August I had another MRI, the mass was down to 5mm, to the 
doctor it was GREAT news to me I was disappointed I wanted it 100 
percent gone. My doctor was SO thrilled with 5mm, that actually going 
forward should it not grow again it will always show something, 
somewhat like a scar per say. Once I actually saw the MRI's 21mm to 
10mm to 5mm I got a better understanding and was then ``accepting'' of 
the 5mm number.
    I had the lap band surgery in 2008, the pills I need to take were 
much bigger than the size of my stomach at that time, needless to say I 
made the choice to have fluid release from the band as to be able to 
take my medication. I kinda thought taking care of a mass on my brain 
was far more important than dying thin!
    You tell people you have Lyme and the first thing they say is so 
you have a lot of joint pain and the next is do you know when you got 
bitten or where you were. My answers to those questions are no I don't 
have joint pain I have a mass on my brain and no I have no idea when I 
got bitten or where I was.
    I NEVER had joint pain until March of this year and let me tell you 
there are days getting out of bed that I feel far older then 39, one of 
my knees when I move it actually sounds like glass breaking in it.
    I have survived a year since the day my life changed forever. I 
have learned to manage my care and take 32 pills a day, I try some days 
to put on a ``happy'' face, suck it up and ``act'' normal.
    I would NOT wish/want anyone else to EVER go through what I have.
    I NEVER EVER in a million years thought I would be doing as 
``good'' as I am today. Lying in that hospital bed last June, I REALLY 
thought this is it, this is going to be the best my life is EVER going 
to get. I have learned to educate myself. I have tried battling 
insurance companies over the need for treatment and payment. I do NOT 
have the money to go to the doctor every 2 months and not proudly can 
say I am in collections for other things because I CHOOSE LIFE!! MY 
LIFE!!
    Four months ago I was almost Lyme ``free'' my recent test now shows 
I am positive for 8 bands of Lyme!!! My doctor explained that means the 
Lyme has come out of its ``cell'' and is now in my blood stream which 
means it is ``pulling'' itself out! Can't honestly say I was happy to 
hear I have more bands but do have a better understanding.
    Currently I am in constant pain, my eyesight has gotten worse, my 
balance is off (I fell 3 times in 1 week) I could fall asleep in an 
instant. I am constantly tired, still have 5mm mass on my brain and 
``Lyme brain'' or ``Lyme fog'' so bad I write notes for EVERYTHING, I 
could be in the middle of a 10 minute conversation and in 1 second 
completely forget what I was speaking about, like a mental wall just 
came up. I have to try and focus harder to understand things that I 
used to just ``get'', forget common everyday words. As well as the 
mounting bills.
    Why is more NOT being done? Why when someone donates blood do they 
not even test it? Why do LLMD'S not believe and prescribe 6 weeks of 
meds and ``you're fine''? Why do the insurance companies refuse to 
recognize Lyme is REAL, it is debilitating, and kills?!? Why when you 
go to a GP due to lack of insurance to go to a LLMD, they don't do the 
proper test? Because it's cheaper and more ``cost effective''? At what 
price, the suffering or in cases of death?!?
    When will enough be enough?
    I personally have had enough but will continue to fight this battle 
every day of my life and hope that Lyme does in fact become recognized 
for what disease it truly is and all that goes with it.
    I thank you for your time in reading my personal journey thus far.
              dr. phillip j. baker, ph.d., lyme, ct 06371
    Dear Senator Blumenthal: There is much misinformation being 
disseminated on the internet and elsewhere about the diagnosis and 
treatment of Lyme disease.
    First, there is abundant evidence indicating that, when used in 
endemic regions or in areas where the probability of contracting Lyme 
disease is significant, the two-tiered test recommended by the CDC--
which is based on numerous studies using well-characterized reference 
specimens--is extremely sensitive and specific and performs well. 
Although it is falsely claimed that this test was developed ONLY for 
surveillance purposes, that is not the case; the CDC acknowledges its 
use for clinical diagnostic purposes when used in conjunction with 
other clinical signs symptoms, and even works closely with State 
Laboratories of Public Health to ensure the reliability and integrity 
of the data derived from such testing.
    Second, the results of at least 4 peer-reviewed, NIH-supported 
clinical trials indicate that extended antibiotic therapy is of no 
benefit--and may even be unsafe--for the treatment of ``chronic Lyme 
disease'' a condition that has yet to be defined as a distinct clinical 
entity and one that can be distinguished from other non-infectious 
medical conditions with similar symptoms. Since there is NO published, 
peer-reviewed evidence to indicate that such treatment is both 
beneficial and safe, the recommendations of the IDSA--that have been 
supported by Lyme disease experts and organizations/panels throughout 
the world--should be considered valid and based on the best evidence 
available. Although some claim to have derived benefit from extended 
antibiotic therapy, it should be noted that in the largest clinical 
trial conducted to date, a placebo effect of 38 percent was noted; 
furthermore, in a recent survey of more than 4,000 individuals by 
Johnson, about 40 percent claimed to have benefited from such treated, 
a figure that is remarkably close to the reported placebo effect. It 
would be false and dishonest to assume that extended antibiotic therapy 
for the treatment of ``chronic Lyme disease'' is a proven fact.

                  TRACY CHRISTENSEN, LEDYARD, CT 06339

    Hello, my name is Tracy Christensen, I'm 37 years old and I've been 
suffering from (late/chronic) Lyme disease since 2004. I went 
undiagnosed for over 2 years and because of this is why I'm in the 
condition I am in now. It started with feeling extremely exhausted and 
a lot of joint pain. I went to a doctor in CT and was told it was the 
flu. (I was not once ever tested for Lyme disease, nor was the disease 
ever mentioned to me.) This feeling went on for quite some time and I 
never seemed to feel better. I made a call to my primary care doctor 
and that was when I was tested for Lyme and tested positive. Given 
there can be false positives as well as false negatives with certain 
Lyme testing, I was then given a spinal tap and sure enough I 
definitely did have Lyme disease. Contrary to what many people think, 
there is not always a bull's-eye rash. I did not have a rash at all or 
remember being bitten by a tick. Once I was tested, I was put on 
Doxycycline for 30 days with no changes so I was put on a second round, 
and still no changes. I had EXTREME pain in my joints, especially my 
knees making it almost impossible for me to walk or try to stand up. I 
am constantly exhausted, I have memory problems, word retrieval 
problems, I have a lot of numbness in my right hand as well as 
sometimes trouble focusing and concentrating. I was then referred to 
someone named Dr. Sam Donta. I was given an appointment with Dr. Donta 
and he was so thorough and courteous and took the time to explain the 
disease to me. I was out of work for 12 weeks and I was put on THREE 
different medications for a year and a half. Tetracycline, 
Clarithromycin and Gabapentin. These did help, but unfortunately I took 
a turn for the worse and was admitted to the hospital in October of 
2010 with spinal meningitis. I was literally fighting for my life. I 
was put in isolation as it was unclear if I had bacterial meningitis or 
viral meningitis, both of which are very contagious; however bacterial 
meningitis can be fatal. My mother would literally have to spoon feed 
me as I had absolutely no energy to lift a fork on my own. I had a 102 
temperature for 3 days. It was an incredibly scary time. Being that I 
have Lyme disease also means I have a very weak immune system and am 
very susceptible to illness. Thankfully I had viral meningitis and was 
released after 4 days. During my stay I also had another spinal tap; 
this once again confirmed the fact that I still had Lyme disease. When 
you have Lyme disease that goes undiagnosed for too long, it's nearly 
impossible to get rid of. To this day, I still have a lot of trouble 
with my joints, and now it's mainly in my feet and ankles, I have a lot 
of memory problems, especially short term. My right hand is numb 85 
percent of the time and it's painful to even make a fist with each 
hand, and I sometimes need assistance in standing up after sitting down 
for a period of time. I feel like I'm in a ``fog'' most days and have 
trouble remembering simple tasks or where I'm even going or how to get 
somewhere at times. Even with all of this I have a very physically 
demanding job in retail and I am on my feet 8 hours a day for 40 hours 
per week. I sometimes have to lift heavy things, but I do the best I 
can as I have to work. I have days where I feel like I will fall 
because my knees will want to just give out on me. I have fallen a few 
times. Thankfully each time was at home and my husband was there with 
me. As of present I am currently not on any prescribed medications as 
I'm waiting to get another appointment with Dr. Donta as I have just 
sent a follow-up to his office 2 days ago. I feel as if the disease has 
gotten into my feet, ankles, and brain as well as my nervous system. I 
need treatment and I wanted to share my story so that others know they 
are not the only ones suffering from this. There are many ``Lymees'' 
out there and we need our voices to be heard so we can find a way to 
live a pain free life. But even with all I have been through with this 
debilitating disease, I continue to tell myself that I will not let the 
disease control me, I will do whatever I can, to control it! Much 
easier said than done. I very much miss the ``me'' I used to be.

                  JASON BOROWSKY, STRATFORD, CT 06614

    It all started when I was about 7 years old, I can remember getting 
sick and being put on penicillin for 2 weeks and it wasn't soon after 
that my ankles started to hurt and then I failed 2nd grade. I had 
problems all through school and just felt like something just wasn't 
right. When I was 15 I was diagnosed with arthritis in my ankles and 
was told that it would worsen with time and leave me disabled, but why 
I had arthritis was a mystery. My first job I had I was in high school 
I had to quit because of my arthritis in my ankles. My senior year of 
high school I wanted to become a fighter jet pilot in the air force and 
talked to an air force recruiter about joining but when he found out 
about my arthritis in my ankles he said I'm sorry but we can't take 
you. After high school I worked as a cook for 5 years and had to quit 
because of my arthritis and moved to back to Connecticut. I was working 
at a golf course, things were OK but still felt like something just 
wasn't right. Then I moved to Pennsylvania and worked a couple 
different jobs struggling all the way, then I was hired at a glass 
factory, a really great job but still I felt like something just wasn't 
right. My 2nd year working there my health went downhill and I went off 
on sick leave. Two years and about 15 doctors later I was diagnosed 
with Lyme disease and when I was I knew I had it since I was about 7 
years old. I lost my job because my body was and still is messed up. I 
applied for disability back in 2008 and was denied and applied again in 
2010 and was denied and now I'm in the appeal's process. I still feel 
sick, my arthritis is worse. My right leg is still swollen and hurts 
and my back pain is horrible. The doctors I see don't know what to do 
or how to treat me or discount everything I have to say. I had to sell 
everything I owned, lost a couple girlfriends and any chance of a 
normal life because of a Lyme infection that went undiagnosed for about 
28 years. I LOST EVERYTHING AND THE AIR FORCE LOST ONE HELL OF A 
FIGHTER PILOT! Thank you, God bless you, and God bless America''

                   SHELLEY GERIAK, SEYMOUR, CT 06483

    I got bit by a tick in May of 2011. My new dog I believe brought 
some in and came on my bed. I pulled it off but a piece was embedded 
and stuck. I also found one in the shower so I am not sure if I got bit 
by 2. I went to my doctor and saw the P.A. She tried to dig the rest 
out but couldn't and said it will fall out. Their policy was NOT to put 
me on any preventative doxycyline. I believe that would have helped me. 
She said wait for any symptoms and then come back and they would treat 
me. Four weeks to the day I developed a large red hot rash or hive but 
on opposite side of stomach where I was bit. I went to doctor and he 
put me on 3 weeks of doxy. I started with severe joint and stabbing 
pains in my thighs. I didn't feel better until the 3rd week of doxy. I 
then stopped it and 2 weeks later the symptoms came back so I was 
referred by that primary to an infectious disease doctor that then did 
the blood work through Quest and it came back positive for Lyme. He 
then prescribed 30 days of doxycline. There was about a month lapse in 
any treatment before getting the appointment with the infectious 
disease physician. I then took the 30 days and felt better and a week 
after finishing them the symptoms came back. I called the doctor and he 
said he doesn't believe in chronic Lyme disease. I asked him to send me 
my blood work results in mail. It showed I tested positive to 2 IGG 
bands on western blot and 2 IGM bands. I researched it on the Web and 
it said if you test positive for 2 or more IGM Bands you have active 
Lyme. I then tried to find a Lyme literate doctor which was difficult 
and I learned how they don't advertise. They treat Lyme as they get 
flagged or watched by the medical board and or insurance companies for 
prescribing too much of antibiotics. I finally found and got an 
appointment with a Lyme literate doctor at end of September 2011, 4 
months after I got bitten. He does not accept insurance and he put me 
on 3 heavy duty antibiotics as well as supplements. I never had fatigue 
or pain like that ever and you feel like you are going to die. I 
finally felt a little better end of November and kept checking all my 
blood work as I see him every 2 months. It is a year later and in April 
he changed the antibiotics and I still am testing one band for IGM 
which you need to have none to stop antibiotics. My fear is if get sick 
with an infection no antibiotic will be strong enough from being on 
them so long. I took Mepron, Azithroymycin, and Ceftin for a good 7 
months and now on Plaquenil, Biaxin and Cefitin . . . all daily and 
twice a day. It is now a year later and every time I stop antibiotics 
the symptoms and pain come back. It's very frustrating . . . I take 
probiotics and diflucan for yeast. I also developed a low thyroid and 
now take medicine for that and have a baker's cyst behind one knee . . 
. all from the Lyme . . . I then starting also seeing a holistic doctor 
that treats it with a Rife Machine. I never in a million years thought 
this was what Lyme was like. They are parasites that form cysts around 
themselves encapsulated to hide from antibiotics and almost impossible 
to kill them all. The AMA needs to change their criteria and make all 
tick bites treated no matter what with 3 weeks of doxy as soon as you 
get bit. I have had operations, 2 children natural childbirth and fell 
off a 15 foot deck and never had this type of pain and fatigue. It is 
an 11 on a scale of 1-10. Please help any way you can.

               LINDSAY AND CRAIG WARNKE, DARIEN, CT 06820

    My family and friends have encouraged me for years to write a book 
about my 20 year struggle with Lyme disease. The reason I have chosen 
not to is twofold: first, I cannot dwell on my illness because I am 
afraid I would never let go of the sadness or anger and second, I am 
aware that my story is similar to thousands of other peoples. However, 
when I saw this opportunity, I thought I would take a moment to briefly 
share my journey which changed the course of my life forever.
    I grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut and I was a very accomplished 
student and athlete. I was an All-State field hockey player, a leader 
in my class and a very happy, competitive young woman with lots of 
friends. In the fall of my senior year of high school, seemingly 
overnight, I became utterly depressed. I became socially withdrawn even 
though I had just been accepted early to UVA and won our State 
championship in field hockey. I also began to experience severe back 
pain, intense fatigue and other physical problems. But because they all 
did not develop at the same exact time and physical symptoms migrated, 
my family and I could only focus on the depression.
    Over the course of the next 15 years, I dealt with a laundry list 
of serious physical problems but the constant undercurrent in my life 
was my major depression. I had to drop out of college twice and I was 
hospitalized for depression twice--the first time was a brief stint 
because I was a threat to myself; the second was a 4 month stay after a 
near successful suicide attempt. Regardless of the fact that I 
thankfully lived, my life as I knew it was over.
    My family comes from the ``pull yourself up by the boot straps'' 
mentality and I was leading the charge in the belief that my problems 
were purely psychological. Although now in retrospect my family can 
list dozens of major physical symptoms that I was experiencing during 
that time period--arthritis and surgery in my knee, major joint pain, 
debilitating fatigue, random infections that never made sense, constant 
headaches, weight loss/gain, skin rashes, menstrual problems, multiple 
cervical dysplasias, hair loss, mouth sores, the list goes on and on--
Lyme was never on the radar and the symptoms always came and went. My 
family and I never suspected an underlying ailment.
    I was eventually diagnosed as bipolar with borderline personality 
disorder. At one point in time, I was taking upwards of 10 psychotropic 
at once, everything from lithium, depakote, risperdal, neurontin, 
ativan, trazadone. The best doctors in the NYC area put me on 
everything, but never questioned the fact that I had no family history 
of depression at all nor did they ever question the physical symptoms 
which were very apparent. By the age of 22, I could barely hold down a 
part-time job because I was a zombie. My Mom tells me now she used to 
pray every night that I would wake up in the morning. I was so doped up 
I could barely walk up a hill. Therapy was my full time job--for much 
of my early twenties, I went four times a week. After the 
hospitalizations and all of the therapy, my family had blown through my 
college money and my parents struggled to pay my medical bills.
    This sounds crazy, but the greatest thing that ever happened to me 
was that I got bitten by a tick again in 2007. Because I was 
reinfected, I became so severely ill that no one could ignore the 
symptoms anymore. At first, the doctors thought I had mono, then MS or 
some type of lymphoma. I was so sick that I was vomiting regularly from 
headaches, I couldn't speak, I could barely walk, I lost almost all 
short-term memory and I lost weight rapidly. I developed papilledema 
(my brain swelled so much and put pressure on my optic nerves) and I 
nearly went blind.
    We were desperate for answers and finally, I was led by a friend to 
Dr. Richard Horowitz and his brilliant P.A. Lauren Yunker. Although I 
had tested negative at two other labs over the previous 6 months, my 
Lyme test came back positive both for chronic and acute infections, 
even according to CDC standards. The rest of the story is like many 
others. I did months and months of IV treatment, along with injections 
and years of other treatment--both antibiotics and holistic.
    The last time I swallowed a psychotropic was in November of 2007. I 
can honestly say that I have never felt a moment of depression since. 
Once the Lyme was cleared from my brain, my moods became stable and it 
was as if I finally came up from underwater. I continued with therapy 
for quite a while largely because I was seemingly dealing with PTSD. To 
realize that I literally lost 15 years of my life because of an 
infection that could have been dealt with relatively simply was almost 
too much to handle. For years, I had been told that I would forever be 
bipolar and I had completely adopted the identity of ``crazy girl'' who 
would never have any sort of future.
    My life is amazing now. I am married to an incredible man and I 
have a son who is now 2\1/2\. I very much still deal with Lyme and now 
a lupus-like autoimmune condition partly because I was sick with Lyme 
for so long. I am still in and out of treatment but I am so lucky to 
have the life that I am living.
    Lyme is brutal on so many levels--not only can it literally destroy 
your life--physically, psychologically, socially, and financially but 
it is also completely isolating. I cannot tell you how many doctors 
belittled me, told me I was crazy or wouldn't touch me with a ten foot 
pole. And I certainly can say that you learn who your friends are when 
you have Lyme. People have a very difficult time understanding how a 
tick bite can lead to such devastation. I often still question who to 
share my story with. And the journey of treatment which is incredibly 
painful and brutal does not engender much sympathy from friends.
    The thing that upsets my family most is that when someone like 
myself is ill with odd physical and psychiatric symptoms (particularly 
in the Northeast), Lyme should be one of the first thoughts in a 
doctor's mind. Why do doctors so freely and easily label children and 
adolescents with psychiatric diagnoses that will forever alter their 
lives but are so reluctant to even entertain that Lyme could be the 
cause? I am certainly not saying that psychiatric disorders are not 
prevalent or real, but the ease with which they diagnose children and 
the simultaneous resistance to entertaining that Lyme could cause such 
odd multisystemic problems is shocking and downright dangerous.
    My story is a horrific one but it has a happy ending. I am now 
working to make sure that others don't go through what I experienced.

                    CHRISTY RYAN, ELLINGTON, CT 0602

    It was 1997 when I got sick. I had gone to my local doctor with a 
bite on my leg with a circle around it. They told me that it was just a 
reaction to a mosquito bite. A few months later I got very sick. I had 
been walking my neighborhood every day for exercise (about three miles) 
and now I needed help from my husband to walk up one flight of stairs. 
Severe muscle weakness, tremors, irregular/fast heart beats, lack of 
appetite, trouble breathing and breathlessness, extreme teeth pain, 
trouble swallowing, word finding and memory issues, ulcerated colitis, 
headaches dizziness, problems sorting things etc. I was so weak I could 
not even hold a conversation for any length of time. I went to the same 
doctor again and they told me to go home, that I needed to eat more 
vegetables. So I tried to eat more vegetables and got sicker. They 
never once took a blood test to see if I had Lyme. I went years (over 
8) going to different doctors. I saw about 25 different doctors ranging 
from family to neurologist, rheumatologist, infectious disease, 
endocrinologists, nutritionists, etc. I had many blood tests, brain 
scans, EMG, Heart monitors etc. I was told by almost every doctor I saw 
that . . . I was depressed, that I needed to be on antidepressants, 
they asked questions like . . . are you having trouble at home with 
your husband? Are you unhappy with your life? We can't find anything 
wrong with you, you are fine. I was in and out of emergency rooms a 
dozen times with heart issues. The doctors were more interested in 
writing me a prescription for antidepressants than finding out what was 
wrong. I had mentioned to them on several occasions that I thought I 
had Lyme and they would say . . . Lyme does not have symptoms like 
that. One neurologist did not even examine me and told me I was 
depressed and offered a prescription of . . . you guessed it, 
antidepressants. I am not sure when all these doctors became 
psychologists? Well thank God my mind still functioned and I knew I was 
truly sick. It was not in my head, it was not because I was a woman or 
that I was having trouble with my husband or I needed to eat more 
vegetables. That was all just a bunch of nonsense the doctors came up 
with so they did not have to tell me that, ``they did not know''. My 
diagnosis was purely by happen stance. My sister was visiting a 
relative in Nantucket and was telling her my story and she told my 
sister, ``I know what is wrong with her, she has Lyme'' My sister said, 
``How can you be so sure'' Well she had been diagnosed a year earlier 
after 3 years of going through the same ordeal that I went through. Our 
stories were almost identical. She gave me the name of her doctor in 
Boston. I will not tell his name, because these Lyme doctors have had 
their licenses taken away from the non-believers, for just helping 
people. I made an appointment, I brought in my blood tests, told him my 
symptoms and he said, ``You have Lyme''. Eight years of fighting, 
arguing, pleading for relief, pleading for someone to believe me, 
pleading for my dignity and it was so simple and not simple at the same 
time. I sat there and cried in his office in front of him and God with 
relief that someone knew and that they believed me. All this time my 
Family and I suffered needlessly. I was put on antibiotics and a 
malaria drug for 2 years. I can function now, I can work now. I still 
have lingering problems every month, but I deal with it the best I can 
and I am so much better than before. I cannot thank my Doctor enough 
who believed me. I cannot thank my husband enough for being a rock and 
loving me through it all. We need better testing, we need more 
education for Doctors, but most of all we need someone to believe us 
first.

                      KELLY SHARP, NOANK, CT 06340

    Coming up on 1 year of IV antibiotics and I am finally starting to 
feel alive again. I've had painful arthritis in my hands for years 
which is now 90 percent better, not to mention a myriad of other ills. 
Lyme and all of its co-infection have gotten into my heart, my brain, 
bladder, bones, thyroid, kidneys and nerves. I can make it through the 
day much better now, and for that, I am grateful. I am not grateful to 
the doctor who dropped me after my Lyme diagnosis and subsequent 
treatment by a Lyme literate doctor. In 10 years he did not diagnose me 
because my ELISA was always negative. Every year, he told me, ``You 
don't have Lyme''. My insurance company dropped me as well, when I was 
finally diagnosed with a Western Blot at my own request. My wish is 
that the Lyme guidelines be changed so that chronic Lyme patients can 
be treated with long-term antibiotics, which are covered by insurance, 
for however long it takes to get better. All doctors should be educated 
in Lyme symptoms and treatment. Neither doctors nor insurance companies 
should be allowed to drop patients because they have Lyme. More 
government funding for research, including better testing of tick borne 
illnesses. If these things could be accomplished, we will have started 
to fight this modern day scourge. Thank you.

           MR. AND MRS. MARSHA MARCINKO, WATERBURY, CT 06708
                THE BEGINNING OF THE END AND BACK AGAIN

    I've had several people ask me recently where my full story is. I 
suppose I've kind of been avoiding it because it's difficult to know 
where it begins, and it certainly hasn't ended. See, I've come to the 
realization that Lyme disease is not just the process of being 
infected, being properly diagnosed (or not), and being treated. It is 
much more complex than that. It is a stealthy and highly evolved 
bacterium that affects every person differently and to different 
degrees.
    The severity of the infection is dependent on the presence of other 
co-infections or other underlying conditions such as genetics, the 
strength of your immune system, your diet, your mindset, your social 
and emotional well-being, stress levels, companionship, the list goes 
on. It is dependent on each individual person and their overall health. 
How it affects one person can be completely different from the next. 
Some people can harbor Lyme and not have symptoms for years, until the 
circumstances are just right. That's what happened to me.
    I suppose my story begins as a young child. I was always small, 
pale, and I got sick a lot. Not an extremely large amount, but if there 
was something going around, I was sure to catch it. I had a few 
unexplained illnesses when I was young that resolved themselves. Fast 
forward to my teens, and the thing that sticks out to me is all I ate 
was sugar and bread. All I drank was sugar. I was an angry youth. I was 
depressed. And I generally walked around with a chip on my shoulder.
    When I was 18, I decided to become a vegetarian. I read all the 
veggie books, cookbooks, studied nutrition; thought I was eating 
healthy. And I kind of was. I was eating organic food and whole grains, 
at least. But I smoked, I drank, I drank an insane amount of coffee 
with an even more insane amount of sugar. Sweets--couldn't stay away 
from them. I always felt tired, somewhat out of control, out of my 
body. Fifteen years later I went back to eating meat because my body 
was screaming for it.
    What does all of this have to do with Lyme disease? Well, it sets 
up the stage for where I was physically, emotionally, mentally. I 
wasn't that bad--but I wasn't in a good place either. I wasn't taking 
care of myself. Eating was something I did to make my stomach shut up. 
Sleeping was something I did when I couldn't stay awake anymore.
    I worked as a theatrical electrician, lighting designer, technical 
director, and stage manager for years. Working long hours for not a lot 
of pay. Loved that aspect of my life. It was my passion. Then I 
transitioned into working as an electrician in construction. Quickly 
moved up as a working foreman, estimator, project manager. Eventually I 
joined the IBEW electrical union.
    I had a pretty good life aside from my ex-jerk who I wasted 9 
miserable years on. I had a good career. I loved to go back-country 
hiking. I was in good shape. I started taking classes to learn how to 
meditate, do Clairvoyant readings and healings. I was finally coming 
into my own, learning to look within and heal, find personal growth. I 
decided to go on a Vision Quest in New Mexico in 2001 which turned out 
to be the most amazing life changing experience I've ever had. 
Unfortunately or fortunately, this is also where I believe I was 
infected with Lyme disease.
    I don't know for sure when, where, or how I was infected. I never 
saw a tick. I never developed a bulls-eye rash. The only thing I 
remember is being attacked by at least 50 deer flies while getting 
water out on my quest. I had bites all over my body. So after that 
first day I wore my rain gear to go get water. It was plastic, covered 
my body, and didn't allow them in as easily. It was not long after this 
quest that my symptoms began to surface.
    Most of them I just chalked up to getting older, having beat up my 
body as a kid and in my field of work. Aches and pains, joints cracking 
didn't seem unreasonable. Headaches I just assumed were because of 
stress. When I started to raise an eyebrow was when the twitching 
began. I would kick so violently in my sleep it would wake me. My whole 
body would jerk from the force. I just ignored it.
    At one point, I had developed bursitis in my knee for no apparent 
reason, even doctors thought I was a little young for that. Then, I 
started to notice that I was dropping things. I always had good 
mechanical ability and strong hands from being an electrician for so 
long. At times, it was as if my hand just randomly decided it didn't 
want to continue holding what had been placed in it. A coffee cup. A 
tool. My keys.
    Then, I started to have recurring vertigo where I couldn't drive 
because the whole world would spin. It would be bad for a few days, and 
then take about 2 weeks to completely go away. I would walk into walls. 
My balance was off. I was very fatigued. I couldn't seem to get a good 
night sleep between the twitching and the unbearable night sweats where 
I would wake up soaked and freezing.
    Then I started having poor memory and moments of just feeling lost 
and stupid. I thought it was just because I hadn't been sleeping. I 
just kept ignoring all of it thinking it had obvious reasons. I started 
getting sick a lot, my ears would ring, my muscles would twitch. I'd 
get random pains. I had many more symptoms, tests, surgeries, and 
illness than what I list here.
    Then, I developed a sort of rash on my arms in 2005. It was just 
little red bumps. Nothing I could recognize. And the lymph nodes under 
my arms and in my pelvis swelled and hurt. I didn't have a fever, but I 
felt something systemic was going on. I just didn't feel right. I 
looked up my symptoms online and saw Lyme disease. I thought, ``I doubt 
it, I haven't had any ticks on me, but I'll ask the doc.''
    So I went to my doctor about the rash and lymph nodes and asked him 
to test me for Lyme. He refused, telling me there is no way it could be 
Lyme. I didn't have a tick or the bulls-eye rash, and there isn't any 
Lyme in California. He tested me for tuberculosis instead.
    I went on with my life until I had an injury at work. I had somehow 
pulled my sternum and knocked my back out of whack, or so I was told by 
the doctors. Nothing they could do, nothing showed on the MRI and they 
told me to go back to work. But, I couldn't work for more than a couple 
hours without having the sharp pains radiating from my back around my 
ribcage, which always scared me and made me think I was having a heart 
attack. I couldn't work as an electrician anymore. Now I think it 
probably had to do with Lyme, but there's no way to definitively know.
    Meanwhile, during all of this I had left my ex-jerk, gotten my own 
apartment, and was swept off my feet by the love of my life, my 
husband. He swept me right to Connecticut, where I began to work as an 
estimator/project manager for an electrical contractor. A few years 
later we were married. Hindsight, I realize that right before the 
wedding I had taken antibiotics for a sinus infection. By the time the 
wedding came around, I felt better than I had in years. I thought it 
was just because I was getting married!
    About 6 months after our wedding my normal symptoms that I had been 
ignoring for years started to get worse. My knee swelled and hurt to 
walk on it, yet I hadn't done anything to hurt it. I was working 
overtime, and I was home sitting on my tail the whole time. How could I 
have hurt my knee? It got to the point where I couldn't drive my truck 
anymore because I couldn't push the clutch in.
    I went to the doctor, and she sent me to an orthopedic surgeon. The 
first one I saw immediately gave me a cortisone shot, without X-rays or 
an MRI. Little did I know this would prove to be detrimental for Lyme. 
He arrogantly said, ``You will walk out of here like you never had 
pain.'' As I was limping out, he saw me and said, ``Feels better, 
right?'' I winced in pain, and said, ``No, it's actually worse.'' He 
gave me a disapproving look and said, ``Give it time, you'll be fine in 
a couple hours.''
    Well, that didn't happen. It got much worse. I went to another 
orthopedic surgeon, who took an MRI and found there was a ``chip'' 
missing out of the bone on the side of my knee. He insisted I must have 
stepped hard or fell or did something to injure it. I insisted that 
wasn't possible. He dismissed it and said I must not remember. He said 
all he could do was surgery to try to clean it out and induce healing. 
So, I scheduled the surgery. Little did I know at the time that both 
Lyme and Candida are capable of causing that type of damage.
    A few weeks before the surgery, an accident happened at my 
workplace stopping all work, and I didn't know if I was going to keep 
my job or what was going to happen. So I cancelled the surgery. 
Meanwhile, I had made an appointment with a new general practitioner. I 
went for my normal first appointment physical. I'll never forget this 
day. It was in February 2010. Almost 10 years had passed without any 
answers. I went with a list of symptoms.
    My new doctor, without ever doing a blood test, knew the moment she 
met me that I had Lyme disease, and suspected Erlichiosis. She had 
suffered herself with Lyme, and had to be on IV antibiotics to treat it 
for an extended period of time. She knew the ugly face of this disease 
first hand. She tested me, and it came back positive. She immediately 
started me on Doxycycline, and I started to have the Herxheimer 
Reaction.
    I'll never forget seeing the PA at that doctor's office when I went 
for a follow up a month later and she said, ``You must be feeling 
better now that you've been treated for Lyme disease.'' I just looked 
at her. I didn't know what to say. I was actually at my worst moment in 
treatment and I felt like I was going to die.
    I was on antibiotics for 11 months. During that time I can't even 
begin to tell you the pain that I endured. The twitching, cramping, 
brain fog, loss of words, no sleep, anxiety, heart palpitations . . . 
it just didn't end. I had to continue to work, and often I was working 
50 hours a week at a job that required me to be detail oriented and on 
point.
    Probably the worst day I had was when I drove home from work, drove 
past my exit and kept driving to my last job. I got halfway there 
before I ``woke up'' and realized where I was. Then, I went to order 
Chinese food and I'm on the phone, staring at the menu, and I couldn't 
read, think, or speak. I had to hang up the phone. It was terrifying.
    There were many times during treatment that I didn't know if I was 
going to make it; if I had it in me to keep fighting. And I did not 
have it anywhere near as bad as most do that encounter this disease. I 
have a high tolerance for pain. I didn't have the paralysis and 
complete disability that many endure. For that I am grateful.
    But I did have my husband, my Mom, and a few friends (not all of 
them) that stood closely by me and cheered me on. They would not let me 
give up. They kept reminding me of how courageous I was, and how strong 
I was, and that they knew I could beat this thing. They kept my hope 
alive.
    After 11 months, I started to feel worse, not better. I began to 
become concerned that the treatment wasn't working. I started doing 
some research and found some information on Candida (yeast). I found 
that symptoms are almost identical to Lyme symptoms, and that if not 
treated, it can kill you. My doctor had told me to cut out sugar and 
take probiotics while on antibiotics, and gave me Fluconozole to keep 
it in check. But, I don't think I ever realized how crucial it was to 
eat a strict diet during treatment. I just didn't listen.
    I went for a follow-up and talked to her about it. She agreed, and 
told me to stop antibiotics; even though I had not gone 2 months 
symptom free. It saved my life. She did some tests and found that my 
Lyme test was now showing negative, and a Candida culture showed that I 
did have an infection. She put me on Fluconozole daily, and told me to 
adhere to a strict diet. This was probably the hardest part of 
treatment for me.
    Everything I knew had to change. No more sugar, no more bread, no 
more alcohol, no more grains, no more milk or cheese. I thought I was 
going to starve.
    But, after a couple weeks, I started to feel so much better, and I 
had already lost over 10 lbs. After 2 months, almost all of my symptoms 
had vanished and I felt better than I had in years. After 4 months, I 
had lost 30 lbs., my weight had stabilized, I was symptom free, 
energetic, and I had my life back. I was amazed. It came out of 
nowhere. I wasn't even expecting it, I had been sick for so long.
    I decided to share my success on the forums, and found it was met 
with great resistance. Not only was I told that it would only be a 
matter of time before my ``remission'' would cease and Lyme would 
return, but the whole idea of Candida being an issue was completely 
dismissed. I was shocked. Appalled. Here I wanted to share what seemed 
to me to be a pretty important key to the puzzle, and I was told I 
didn't know what I was talking about. My own Lyme community was not 
supportive of me and my experience.
    So, I decided to make my Web site, www.LivingLyme.com. I realized 
there was a voice that needed to be heard. Not only did I believe in 
and experience Hope and Success, but I knew that there were many people 
out there suffering with Candida and being treated for Lyme. I knew 
that this information could help a lot of people get their lives back 
as much as possible.
    I thought I was cured. So, I went off the diet. Within a week I 
started to feel sick again. This was when I realized that just because 
your symptoms are gone, does not mean that your body has completely 
healed. It takes a significant amount of time to completely restore 
your health. I was at the beginning, not the end.
    For the next 6 months I struggled with diet, fighting Candida, 
diet, diet, diet, diet. This was my biggest struggle! Give me a pill or 
herb to take and I'll do it. But stick to a strict diet? I didn't have 
the time, the energy, or the will power to do that. And the most 
ridiculous part of it all is that I knew that when I stuck to the diet, 
I felt fantastic. And when I went off of it, I went way off of it, and 
got sick again.
    It took me another 10 months of research and writing to finish the 
Web site. It evolved into much more than I could have ever anticipated. 
During that time, I learned more about this disease and about myself 
than I could have ever imagined. I learned so much more about Nutrition 
than I had in the 20 years of studying food and nutrition and 
alternative healing methods. I gained a much deeper understanding of 
the human body, and the mind-body connection. I learned what it means 
to surround yourself with allies.
    The most valuable lesson I have learned is the importance of taking 
care of myself, inside and out. I am still grasping this, and embracing 
it. I still have much more to learn.

                   ZELMA BERUBE, COLCHESTER, CT 06415

    I moved to CT with my husband in 1997--back to his hometown--after 
he separated from the USAF. We met while in the military; we both 
served in the USAF during Desert Storm. I got out of the service in 
1992 and went back to school--I finished my Master in Public 
Administration in 1997. My son David was 2 years old and Dean was 
facing going to be deployed again so we decided he should get out and 
we should move to his home town in CT. I was able to find a good job in 
1998. To my surprise, I also found out I was pregnant, totally not 
planned but very happy about it. Baby Daniel came December 31, 1998, we 
had bought a house and moved in beginning of February. And with all 
these great things happening, my NIGHTMARE started April 1999.
    My story began on a day like any--waking up on a Monday morning to 
go to work. Baby Daniel was now just 3\1/2\ months old. It's mid-April 
and my husband and I had been doing a lot of yard work through the 
month getting the yard ready. I was planting in the front of the house 
on Sunday--I'm not much of a planter though--I'm a city girl by heart. 
Woke up and felt sore all over my body--achy--like I got run over by a 
truck or something. I couldn't believe that I was still in such bad 
shape from having the baby; I always worked out and was in pretty good 
shape before baby Daniel came.
    Throughout the day, the achiness turned into severe pain all 
focused on my right side. It started from the top of my head all the 
way down to my right toe. Being Manager of the Children's Hospital 
Primary Care Center, I worked with great doctors. I talked to one of 
them and she took a look at me--saw a small red rash like on the inside 
of my right knee. Thought maybe I was having an allergic reaction to 
something that bit me while I was doing yard work. Gave me Benadryl and 
told me to go home and get some rest. I was feeling pretty awful so I 
decided to go home early as she suggested.
    On my way driving home, I started losing control of my right side 
muscles of the face, everything started twitching. I had already left 
the hospital so I stopped at the nearest outpatient Emergency Room. 
While there, I started having this episode which made everyone think I 
was having a stroke. I lost complete functioning of my right side, I 
couldn't write, I couldn't walk. I still remember the nurse's comment 
``but she's only 32''. They transported me via ambulance to the nearest 
Hospital. They did Neurological evaluations and a CT scan but 
everything was normal. After 14 hours I was able to walk out of there. 
Debilitated but had regained my right side functioning. All the doctors 
were baffled. I was baffled and couldn't get my head around what had 
happened to me. I had always been pretty healthy--even my pregnancies, 
I worked until the last day before I delivered.
    The following months were a blur . . . these seizure-like episodes 
kept coming on and off and I was in and out of the emergency room. No 
one could figure out what was happening to me. I tried to continue to 
work but it was useless--the episodes would happen at work and I had 
everyone there scared not knowing what to do. They would happen while I 
was driving so I would pull over and wait until they passed and turned 
around and go home and go to bed. My Primary Care doctor and 
Neurologist initially told me it could be MS, a brain tumor, Lupus but 
after all the tests were normal they had no answers. The Neurologist 
finally told me I was depressed and needed to take depression 
medication--maybe post-partum depression he said. I knew better . . . I 
was getting depressed of not knowing what was making me sick. It was 
now over 6 months later and I was exhausted of going from doctor to 
doctor and no help. My Primary Care doctor wouldn't even see me anymore 
when I had the episode, she just sent me to the ER. It was just sad. 
That's when I took control. I got copies of all my records and started 
looking for something. There it was the positive Lyme titer--but what 
is Lyme? I questioned.
    I had never heard of Lyme before so there started my research. My 
Western Blot test was negative but as I read more and more I found that 
this was not unusual. I contacted the Lyme Disease Foundation and went 
over my symptoms which by now had expanded to my spine to the point 
that I could barely walk. They reassured me and told me this may be 
Neuro Lyme and I needed to see a Lyme Literate M.D. (LLMD) right away--
so I got a list of them. One in NY, MA and CT. I thank god every day 
for having found my wonderful doctor. He saved my life. He not only 
diagnosed me with Lyme disease but I also had Babesiosis, another tick-
transmitted disease. Although my CDC Lyme tests kept coming back 
negative, the positive Babesia test confirmed I was definitely bit by a 
tick. It was a painful treatment process. The Herx or healing crisis as 
they call it from the die-off of the bacteria; the long road to 
recovery. It took well over a year for me to start feeling like myself 
again but I did it. I did it when every one of my doctors had turned 
their backs on me. I did it with only the support from my family, my 
friends and my Lyme doctor.
    I have had several relapses since and every time it gets more 
difficult. My first relapse was in 2003, this time I was able to get a 
positive Lyme test and PCR via the Igenex lab--I had many Lyme reactive 
bands but I still couldn't meet the CDC criteria for a positive test. 
My LLMD explained this controversy to me and I was baffled. I was able 
to get on IV treatment right away since my Neurological symptoms were 
very severe and I was again having the seizure-like episodes. It again 
took over a year to get back on track. I had started a new job with 
Hartford Hospital Patient Accounts Department in 2002 and I just 
couldn't believe I had to once again deal with this horrible disease. 
After many months of struggling, I continued to work but had to resign 
from my full-time position and took a part-time job at the Hospital so 
I could continue with my treatment and slow recovery.
    My 2nd relapse came shortly after when I had finally regained my 
strength and had started to feel better. I started having some non-
related issues of Endometriosis in 2005. This meant I had to go on 
hormone treatment but I knew that was going to be very difficult with 
the Lyme disease. I had never been able to go back on the birth-control 
pill. There was something about hormones and Lyme and although I 
couldn't make the connection, I knew that taking hormones just 
exacerbated all the Lyme symptoms. Sure enough as soon as I started the 
hormone treatment required to deal with the Endometriosis diagnosis, 
the seizure-like episodes were back. I was back with all the 
Neurological symptoms again and these continued while I dealt with this 
other disease. I finally found an OB Specialists that would listen and 
he allowed me to go through surgery and have a hysterectomy so I can 
get off the hormones. I continued to treat the Lyme but the antibiotics 
were now just keeping me feeling sick. I opted to see a Naturopathic 
doctor and started regular acupuncture treatment. It took 2+ years to 
get back on track but I finally felt like myself again and I was back!!
    I had a long break from the ailments of Lyme and was finally 
starting to think I was finally done with this nasty disease. I still 
struggled from time to time with fatigue and aches and pains but I 
continued to seek care with my Acupuncture doctor and to maintain my 
immune system strong. I never felt better.
    In 2011 some weird things started to happen. I had been able to go 
back to full-time work in 2007 and got a promotion in 2010, my stress 
level was at an all-time high. I was working out and continued with the 
natural treatments although I hadn't made it to see my Acupuncture 
doctor in a while. My schedule was just crazy busy with home and work.
    One day on my way home from work, I just simply ran my fingers 
though my hair and was massaging my scalp when I felt a bald spot. I 
totally freaked out . . . my scalp was soft like a baby's bottom . . . 
totally no trace of any hair in that area. I had also been having a 
real tough time sleeping--actually I was not sleeping at all. I would 
lay in bed all night wide awake and then finally fall sleep at 3 a.m. 
or 4 a.m. then had to get up at 6:30 a.m. to go to work . . . I was 
miserable and exhausted. A friend recommended that I take a natural 
sleep aid called Melatonin--I researched it and it sounded harmless. I 
bought a bottle and tried it . . . slept like a baby the first couple 
of nights. About a week into taking this, I started to break into 
hives. I'm really not sure if this were caused by the Melatonin or not 
but I think there was something in them that triggered some type of 
reaction.
    I dealt with the hives for about a week but they kept getting worse 
. . . spreading all over my body more and more. I bought Benadryl and 
all kinds of itch reliever and nothing would stop the itch and pain. 
Finally on a Friday I was home (good Friday I think) was helping my 
husband outside with the yard work and the burning got so BAD, I just 
couldn't take it anymore. The hives were all over in between my legs 
and I could barely walk! I went to the walk-in medical center in town. 
When I saw the doctor, he took a look at the bald spot--Alopecia he 
said--and the hives combination--maybe Lupus he said. I explained to 
him that I had history of Lyme disease but he wasn't so interested in 
that. He did blood work to test me for all kinds of stuff . . . and 
prescribed me some steroids to help deal with the hives. I wish I could 
go back to that day again and I would never take those STEROIDS . . . 
because that is what caused this relapse I am sure of it. I cannot 
prove it . . . but I know it. I took the steroids for a week on a 
progressive dose and on day #7, I started to have severe pains in the 
back of the head, my seizure-like episodes were back. I was back to 
square one--the Lyme bacteria was BACK!!
    The seizures were BACK!! First thing I could think of was to go 
back to my Acupuncture doctor. He should be able to get me back on 
track again . . . I was so sure! I started going twice/week; he started 
researching what else he could do. I had a feeling I was in for a long 
road so I went to see a Primary Care Doctor to ask her to help me . . . 
brought all my records from my prior Lyme experiences. She was very 
skeptic about the Lyme diagnosis even though I had my positive test 
results from my DNA tests back in 2003. She ordered lab work to test 
for Lyme again and also wanted to order an MRI to see if something 
would show about what was happening in the brain. Marc was working so 
hard looking for alternative treatments but the Lyme was very busy. My 
symptoms were getting worse very quickly. It wasn't only the seizures 
now; I was starting to have all these cognitive issues too. At times I 
could barely speak--my tongue was numb and I couldn't enunciate my 
words anymore but I just couldn't think straight--my brain was getting 
full of Lyme bugs. I was a walking Lyme-time bomb!
    It hadn't even been a month yet but it really felt like a year! In 
May 2011, I had to ask for a leave of absence from work so I can figure 
out what I was going to do. I was able to get 6 weeks. The MRI was 
normal and my Lyme tests were negative (what a surprise!) The doctor 
saw me at my worse on one of my visits where I could barely talk and 
walk--she wanted me to see a neurologist right away and asked if I 
would see an Infectious Disease doctor. I agreed but had my 
reservations--I knew this wouldn't be easy to sell my Lyme diagnosis 
all over again with negative tests results. I needed a Lyme Literate 
M.D. but how I can get one soon! I tried calling my old Lyme doctor and 
see if he would see me again--unfortunately he was out on a medical 
leave himself and closed his practice shortly after. So I was back to 
square one without a LLMD--and with neurological symptoms advancing so 
quickly on me. I know it is Lyme but how do I convince all these 
doctors that just don't understand this disease? I couldn't, my visit 
to the Neurologist was a bust--it was horrible to me and made me feel 
once again like this was all in my head--I got some horrible flashbacks 
to 1999--I left there and just cried!! The Infectious Disease visit 
didn't go any better. He was so sure it wasn't Lyme disease. He said 
that since I was already treated with IV antibiotics that should have 
been plenty to kill all the bacteria--again I just cried as I walked 
out of the office!
    My acupuncture doctor hadn't given up though . . . he found 
something--he travel to NY to visit this natural Lyme specialists and 
he got information on this alternative treatment called ``Carnivora'' I 
read about it and what I read totally sold me--it is used in Europe for 
people with cancer and there have been cases of people with Lyme that 
have recovered with this. So this was my only hope! I went on the 
treatment and I was able to go back to work in July, my brain felt 
clear again . . . my neurological symptoms had gotten better and I was 
so happy!! I knew I still had a long road though so I continued to see 
Marc and continued the treatment.
    Unfortunately in September, the seizures came back with a 
vengeance. I ended up in the emergency room with one of the worse 
seizure episodes. They finally talked me into going on seizure meds. 
The seizures were happening more often now so I had to agree. I found a 
neurologist who although she didn't believe in Lyme, she knew the 
seizures were real. Unfortunately the EEG and MRIs still weren't 
showing anything to help her so trying the seizure meds were our only 
option. It helped to an extent, it reduced the severity of the seizures 
and they weren't coming as often anymore. I still needed a Lyme doctor 
to get me on the antibiotic treatment. I knew that was my only way to 
get rid of these bugs in my brain.
    I finally found a Lyme Specialists who would treat me in MA. I 
started treatment in March 2012. I went downhill very quickly after 
starting the treatment. The die-off from the Lyme bacteria or herx 
reaction was very severe and I was in bed once again. Two weeks into 
it, I had to stop the treatment so I can continue to work. I knew I had 
to figure out how to do this as the Lyme was just running rampant and 
spreading more and more without the antibiotics. I tried the treatment 
again in mid-April but like clockwork, I went downhill again and just 
couldn't work. My doctor convinced me to take a leave of absence from 
work so I can do this the right way.
    I went out on my short-term disability on 4/30/12 and haven't been 
able to get back on track since. I find it unbelievable that I still 
have so much Lyme bacteria left in me to kill. My doctor told me I 
would need at least 6 months to get back on track and be able to get 
back to work . . . I really hoped it wasn't going to take that long. It 
has been 4 months now and I'm still fighting to get better. My 
cognitive issues have continued to advance but this last month, I have 
finally started to . . . [TRUNCATED]

                     JANE POWELL, WILTON, CT 06897

    I had bands on Western Blot. I had IV antibiotics. I then had 
neuropathy I legs, worsening fatigue, shortness of breath, 
palpitations, pain in joints severe and severe headaches. I continued 
to try to have a life, got married, could not go anywhere on honeymoon 
due to dizziness suffered constantly. Had 2 more children got divorced 
tried to take care of kids while sick and ex-husband threatening to 
take children they began with Lyme symptoms and oldest daughter was 
very ill. He used this against me and had DCF called. Even though a 
Lyme doctor had said they both had Lyme they had a Yale doctor take the 
stand against me and removed my children from the only home and mother 
they knew. I have cried every day 6 times a day for a year. I see them 
1 hour a week because they accused me of Munchausen. I am fighting to 
get them back while I fight this disease. Help us!!!! In America we 
should have the right to take our child to whatever doctor we want not 
fear we will lose our kids. I don't even know how they are and if they 
will get worse like I did. Became sick one night when I had ringing in 
my ear the room turned upside down and I vomited. I had a fever and a 
headache for a few days. I then began having migraines a lot. I was 26 
had a child, began having leg pains, dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue. No 
diagnosis for years. I remained always feeling sick. I had severe 
vertigo for 1 year I was out of work I was an ICU nurse. I was finally 
diagnosed with Lyme.

                 SANDRA BERENBAUM, SOUTHBURY, CT 06488

    I became ill in 1984, with severe, debilitating migraine headaches. 
For 6 years, I searched for doctors that would find the cause, and be 
able to at least give me relief. By 1990, I had been to multiple 
doctors, including several prominent neurologists at major medical 
centers. No one had answers.
    By 1990, the migraines were daily, with no medication providing 
relief. I also had severe cognitive problems, as well as sleep issues, 
and psychiatric issues. The most profound migraine led to my developing 
a severe Bell's palsy, and I finally had the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
    A friend who was a physician had diagnosed himself with Lyme 
disease 6 months prior to my diagnosis, when 14 of his colleagues 
couldn't figure out what was wrong with him. I called my friend, and 
asked for help in finding someone who understood this strange disease 
that was so severely impacting my life. He led me to a doctor in an 
endemic area, out of the mainstream, who treated me for 4 years, with 
multiple antibiotics--orals, intramuscular injections, and 25 weeks of 
IV antibiotics.
    Four years after the start of treatment, I became headache free. I 
was able to get restorative sleep. My cognitive functioning returned, 
and the psychiatric manifestations disappeared. I am symptom free 
today, with brain functioning far superior, at age 70, to how I was at 
age 45.
    I am a psychotherapist, and as I learned about Lyme, I came to 
realize that many of my clients had undiagnosed Lyme disease. That was 
the cause, in many cases, of their psychiatric problems, behavioral 
issues, and poor school performance. Resolve the Lyme, and the 
functioning of my young clients returned.
    I now have a full practice seeing Lyme disease patients and their 
families. Many, like me, went undiagnosed, were misdiagnosed, or 
undertreated for months or years. Consequently, the strain on these 
patients and their families is enormous.
    It's hard to believe that now, almost 30 years after I went 
undiagnosed, this problem remains, and patients continue to suffer from 
the ignorance that is perpetrated by the IDSA, and the filtering down 
of the guidelines to physicians around the country.
    Denial of Lyme as a chronic persistent infection continues. 
Patients remain undiagnosed, misdiagnosed, and misled, with no end in 
sight.

                             PAUL MIHALICK

    My battle with Lyme disease began 7 years ago when I was rushed to 
the Emergency Room with symptoms of a heart attack. I was diagnosed 
with Pericarditis which is inflammation of the sack around the heart 
generally caused by a viral or bacterial infection. They could not tell 
me the cause.
    The chest pains continued over the next 3 months and I saw several 
doctors and cardiologist's none of whom could pinpoint the cause.
    Thankfully the chest pains diminished and were finally gone. Months 
later the chest pains returned and at times lasted for a week to a 
couple months. This continued over the course of 7 years.
    New symptoms began to appear muscle weakness, sensitivity to light, 
pain throughout the rib cage and sternum. Numbness and tingling in the 
fingers, loss of balance and many more.
    The strange thing was none of these symptoms were constant I might 
have them for a day or a week or a month and I might feel fine for a 
week to a month confusing the doctors.
    I visited my Primary doctor over the course of 5 years with all 
these symptoms and was tested for Lyme disease twice which came back 
negative both times. I was sent to numerous specialist none of whom 
could tell me the cause of my mystery illness.
    Finally after 5 years the chest pain and fatigue became so bad I 
could no longer work and had to leave my job as an automotive 
technician. At this time I also switched doctors. Thankfully my new 
doctor understood that the current testing for Lyme disease is only up 
to 50 percent accurate and recognized my symptoms were consistent with 
late stage infection with Lyme disease. He ordered a more detailed test 
that finally proved I had the disease.
    I was so relieved to finally know what was causing my disabling 
symptoms now I could treat this Disease and get well. After 2 years of 
treatment I realized this was not going to happen easily. My infection 
with Lyme disease persisted along with the symptoms and even more new 
ones began to appear.
    I did much research online about the Disease and joined a support 
group with many other people infected with the late stage form of this 
disease. What I began to realize is only 5-10 percent of patients were 
ever getting 100 percent well and many patients were dying.
    My hope is that the public and doctors will better understand that 
there are 2 types of Lyme Disease, the acute form which is often easy 
to treat if caught early. And the Chronic late stage form of the 
infection that is much more difficult to treat and often a lifelong 
battle. Once we can accept the late stage persistent form of this 
infection we can began to do real research in finding a cure. This 
would also help patients from not only suffering the disabling physical 
symptoms of the disease but also the emotional stress caused by Doctors 
and Family members who do not understand the Chronic Late Stage form of 
the infection.

                       KELLY MAIRSON COVENTRY, CT

    My story began 5 years ago when I discovered a rash on my stomach. 
I didn't pay much attention to it and assumed it was just a bad case of 
poison ivy. It wasn't until 5 months later that I started to develop 
odd, quirky symptoms similar to MS that eventually got so bad that I 
passed out on my kitchen floor. Only to wake up so sick that I couldn't 
move from my bed for 3 weeks. My first doctor ran blood tests and 
basically said I looked fine to her and thought it would be a good idea 
for me to start a gratitude journal and write down the things I was 
thankful for. At that time my tests came out normal, including my Lyme 
test which only showed 2 reactive bands, so it was considered negative.
    Every doctor that I went to could not find out what was wrong with 
me, including a pretty well respected infectious disease doctor here in 
CT. He said my story sounded like Lyme so he decided to treat me with 3 
weeks of doxycycline and told me if I didn't feel better he would put 
me on IV. Well I felt worse. When I saw him again I thought he would be 
willing to treat me but he decided to change his mind and told me I 
didn't have Lyme I must be vitamin D deficient from lack of sunlight. 
He basically dismissed me and told me that I possibly could be 
depressed because most women my age get that way. He suggested I see 
someone to talk to. Which I did because at that point I honestly 
thought I was going crazy.
    I went from being an active 39-year-old mom of 2 small children 
that exercised, walked my dogs, swam, played, worked and loved my life 
to someone who was too tired to even talk to a friend on the phone. My 
legs were numb, I had blurry vision, stabbing pains everywhere, ringing 
in my ears, headaches, twitching, swollen glands, hearing loss, joint 
pain, and fatigue. I moved from my couch to my bed for 5 months until I 
was able to see my brilliant Lyme doctor Steven Phillips of Wilton, CT.
    He diagnosed me with Chronic Lyme Disease by my symptoms, history 
and blood tests. At this point I had gone 18 months from that initial 
rash before I had treatment. I was hoping to get rid of it for good but 
because I had gone so long without a diagnoses or medicine it became 
much harder to treat.
    It has now been 5 years since this all began and I have to say I am 
not on my couch anymore, I have bad days and am still being treated but 
I have improved so much with the help of my now 2 incredible Lyme 
doctors. Without long-term treatment I don't know where I would have 
been. When I stop my medicine I get fevers and get very sick again. I 
know what I was like when I was really sick and I wasn't able to be a 
mom, work or function as a member of my community. And now I am back to 
living again. So, please, please understand that this disease is REAL 
and it is CHRONIC. This bill is so important to me so I strongly urge 
you to let it move forward and allow Chronic Lyme Disease to be 
recognized and all patients who have it the respect they deserve.
    Thank you.

                           CINDY SWEET-HENRY

    I, Cindy Sweet-Henry, was visiting Mayland, VA 6 years ago, without 
knowledge I was bitten by a tick. But, I remember scratching off a bump 
on my leg without looking. Got back home to California and got very 
sick with a rash all over my legs. They got so bad that I could not 
walk on them without being in much pain. Went to clinic after 3 weeks. 
Doctor's here in California have no idea what this rash was but put me 
on antibiotics for 2 weeks. I got a bit better. It seemed I was in and 
out of doctor's office trying to get an answer for feeling sick, losing 
weight, headaches, ringing in my ears, sinus infections again and 
again, aches throughout my body, vision blurred and double. Hands 
started freezing up on me. Working with children I started catching 
everything. For the last year at work before my boss let me go, due to 
dizzy spells and blackouts and just missing so much work due to 
sickness. I have spent so much money on doctor after doctor. I was told 
MS, but had remembered the thing I scratched off my leg. My husband 
showed me a tick crawling on him a few times. I didn't put the link 
together till later. The test my GP did said negative so he ruled it 
out. Then I heard about IGeneX and had blood work done there . . . 
POSITIVE! OK now I was trying to get a doctor to help me. None in 
California knew what to do and wouldn't believe it. Then up in the 
mountains here Sequoia's I contracted a tick in my belly button, with 
the perfect bulls eye rash. Doctors put me on antibiotics for 2 weeks. 
Note every time I was on antibiotics I felt better then would spiral 
down afterwards.
    I would love to see this Lyme Disease to be exposed for all to have 
knowledge of this rapidly growing disease Babesiosis. I think of all 
the children out there. This crippling disease could be one in your 
family. I wouldn't wish this on my worse enemy. God Help Us! The word 
needs to get out so those infected can get appropriate medical help. 
That insurance umbrella could allow an extensive test to determine Lyme 
and not the same old test they have used for years. Hear the voices of 
the people. We care! Texas is doing something about the mosquito's! If 
we don't do something we will be seeing more deaths due to uneducated 
people in the high places. This isn't a plea for us but for the whole 
USA with this Disease. In God We Trust!

            CDR MARK AND LYNN JOHNSON, CHESAPEAKE, VA 23322

    A little background, I am a Commander in the United States Navy 
currently living in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. My wife Lynn 
Johnson was diagnosed with Lyme disease approximately 2 years ago, 
after 15 years of going undiagnosed or misdiagnosed with MS. Lyme has 
ravaged her body. She was receiving treatment for this disease up until 
about 1 year ago when our insurance Tricare, decided the care she was 
receiving was ``beyond the standard of care'' and cut off treatment. 
Unfortunately when they did this Tricare also reversed payment for all 
the care that had been received up to that point. We are currently in 
our third level appeal with Tricare in regards to this decision, but 
that appeal is not the purpose of this letter to you.
    I am aware of some of the groundbreaking legislation you championed 
in Connecticut in regards to the available care for patients undergoing 
treatment for Lyme disease. What you might not realize is that there is 
a whole subset of patients in this country, who because their insurance 
is provided by the Federal Government have very little options when it 
comes to the treatment of this debilitating disease. I am talking of 
course about our members of the military and their dependents.
    The Defense Health Board was supposed to have reviewed the 
Department of Defense policy for the treatment of Lyme disease in 2008, 
but held off their review until the completion of the legal battles you 
fought in the State of Connecticut. As you well know those legal 
questions have been settled for some time now, but the DHB has 
neglected it's duties to perform a review of this policy refusing to 
acknowledge that the Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines 
have expired. By proxy, Tricare has used these same expired guidelines 
to deny my wife's first and second level appeals.
    I am sure you are well aware of some of the debilitating effects 
Lyme disease can have on a patient and by extension that patient's 
family. I promise you my family is no different. I no longer recognize 
the person I am married to, she is a 40-year-old woman living in a 70 
year old woman's body. Lyme disease and its treatment are difficult 
enough. The frustration she feels everyday of knowing exactly what is 
wrong with her but being denied proper treatment is almost unbearable. 
Fighting with our military healthcare provider has only compounded the 
amount of suffering my wife endures, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, 
helplessness, who do we turn to? Our own Senator Jim Webb, head of the 
Senate Armed Services Committee, has been limited in his assistance as 
he is not running for re-election and in the midst of a re-election 
year does not have time left to sponsor legislation. I think the only 
thing that allows her to make it through the day is the thought of our 
two children and her drive to make a difference in how military 
dependents are treated by Tricare in regards to the treatment of Lyme 
disease. Her doctors are telling her she has been getting by on pure 
adrenaline but there is not much left in the tank.
    I urge your office to look into the disparity that exists when it 
comes to the medical options our troops and their families have for 
Lyme disease treatment when compared to the general public and 
especially to your constituents in the great State of Connecticut. What 
further alarms us, when we reached out to the Department of Defense 
Inspector General's Office, we were told they were starting their own 
investigation into this matter as they had recently viewed a memo 
issued within the Federal Government to Military Treatment Facilities 
telling them to no longer test, diagnose, or treat Lyme disease.
    Why has the Defense Health Board neglected to perform their 
required statutory review of Lyme treatment guidelines? What are they 
afraid to find?
    I can tell you from experience and personal observation there are 
many military families that are sacrificing everything they have to 
help get their loved ones treatment outside the military health care 
system. In many cases they suffer personal financial ruin, bankruptcy, 
loss of security clearance, and vastly decreased productivity at the 
important jobs they perform to defend this Nation of ours.
    How many of our soldiers are in a war zone right now worrying about 
the health of their loved ones back home who are suffering the 
untreated effects of Lyme disease? Is this really the effective soldier 
we need on the front lines? I know from personal experience that I have 
been ineffective in my job over the last 2 years as I struggle to find 
my wife treatment for Lyme disease, all the while maintaining an 
ongoing appeal with Tricare to cover the care she already received.
    Since Tricare cut my wife's treatment short her health has 
diminished greatly. She has severe neurological and cognitive issues, 
muscle wasting and more. She has no choice but to be the single 
military wife 5 days a week, in Hampton Roads, VA while I work in 
Washington DC. It's very difficult. She now has a secondary condition/
diagnosis of CIDP. This is an autoimmune disorder that requires IVIG 
treatment regularly. Tricare tried their hardest to deny my wife this 
care in violation of their own policies in the process. We fought hard 
to access this care and reluctantly Tricare has agreed. Is this 
autoimmune condition related to years of untreated Lyme disease? Only 
research and time will tell, hopefully. I can tell you that Tricare 
will pay far more for IVIG for my wife then it would cost for 
antibiotics that might just heal her from this infection.
    Since the time we filed the appeal of my wife's Lyme treatment with 
Healthnet/Tricare (just over 2 years ago) we have been subject to 
arbitrary and capricious discrimination with regards to receiving 
further healthcare for my wife, even care not related to Lyme disease. 
We have been treated like second class citizens by the very government 
I go to work for every day to defend. In fact we have neglected to 
treat our daughter for Lyme disease, even though she is blatantly 
positive by Center for Disease Control standards, because we fear the 
repercussions we might face. Words cannot describe the helplessness I 
feel in regards to not being able to provide my family with the 
healthcare they so desperately need.
    I urge your staff to look into this matter and for you to sponsor 
legislation requiring the Defense Health Board to review Lyme disease 
treatment protocol for military members and their dependents.
    Thank you for your time and service in this matter.

                   ROBIN CURRAN, WATERFORD, CT 06385

    I have lost my home, am on food stamps, am tens of thousands of 
dollars in debt and am so ill that I have had to leave my career of 20 
years almost 5 years ago to this day. I have four doctors attesting 
that I am disabled, neuro cognitive exams and work capacity function 
tests confirm my inability to perform even sedentary work on a part 
time basis; MRI's, EKG's and CT scans substantiate my disease but I 
receive no disability, not even from my private disability insurance 
policy I was protected under for being in upper management. Apparently, 
I do not have enough evidence.
    I was earning a six figure income, had a college degree and 
prepared for my retirement years; chances are, now, I will be in the 
street, with nowhere to go, once my mom is gone. She is 76 years old, 
lives solely on her social security, and is now supporting me 
financially and taking care of me at a time when I should be taking 
care of her. To worsen matters, my son, we suspect, has it as well 
along with life threatening cardiac problems and will be needing open 
heart surgery, to be performed this summer. How can I take care of him 
when I cannot take care of myself? This is all too much for my elderly 
mother but I have nobody else.
    I cannot even go inside a grocery store on most days; the noise is 
intolerable, I can hear every person in the store talking all at once; 
my vision becomes so impaired I become dizzy and disoriented and aside 
from the pain in the bottom of my feet preventing me to walk far enough 
to gather more than a few items, I sometimes get lost and am unable to 
find my escape to the front door. Any stimulation to the brain . . . 
noise, light, talking, music, makes me confused, impaired and unable to 
perform even the simplest of everyday tasks.
    I need a doctor. I am getting worse, quickly. On an echo 
cardiogram, they found fluid in my lungs yet my Medicaid doctor won't 
treat me due to an admitted lack of knowledge to tick borne disease 
(her practice is in the same county as Lyme CT!) and apparently there 
is a law preventing non-medicaid doctors from taking my money and 
accepting me as a cash patient because I am on medicaid. So, I cannot 
receive treatment. Without treatment, I cannot get better. I am now 
trapped by a political disease and cannot crawl out despite doing 
everything right . . . I went to college, graduated at the top of my 
class, climbed the ladder in my career and I am now one step away from 
a tent and a cardboard sign. I now need a machine to breathe but 
insurance won't cover it. My mom continues to rack up her credit cards 
in order to pay.
    A doctor openly admitted to me recently that in med school, she was 
shown a picture of borrelia burgdorferi and the extent of the 
explanation was . . . ``this is what it is, although you will probably 
never see it in your careers. I just wanted you to know what it looked 
like''. This is what infuriates Lyme sufferers more than anything! An 
epidemic and many doctors know less than their patients. Even more 
inexcusable is their refusal altogether to listen with an empathetic 
ear and even try to help us. Instead they label us crazy hypochondriacs 
and we are sent away with depression medications.
    Being born and raised in the Lyme, CT area, I was exposed to and 
bitten many times by the deer ticks in the woods by my childhood home. 
Back in the 1960s and early 1970s we had no idea that these tiny 
creatures would someday destroy our lives. In retrospect, I was 
stricken by Lyme decades earlier but was never treated. The big 
controversy over chronic lyme fails to address the many with untreated 
lyme.
    I recall laying in bed as a child, screaming in pain; the doctors' 
answer . . . growing pains. As an adolescent, they gave me shots of 
cortisone claiming it was bursitis. We never thought to ask why a 13 
year old would have bursitis but now know cortisone harmed me more than 
helped.
    I moved out west for college and was never properly diagnosed. They 
never heard of Lyme Disease out there and to this day, there are many 
on the west coast that still insist it is an east coast problem.
    When I came home for a family visit in 2006, I found another tick, 
a fully engorged nymph deer tick. I was advised to keep an eye on it 
and see somebody if I felt any symptoms. Five weeks later and back in 
California, I became acutely ill and sought help from several doctors; 
not only would nobody treat me, but I was actually told by infectious 
disease doctors ``if you are here to talk about Lyme, you are barking 
up the wrong tree!'' My own PCP told me ``go home where you came from, 
there is nothing we can do for you here'' (he works at a major teaching 
hospital in S. Cal.).
    There are so many underlying problems contributing to this epidemic 
it is difficult to know where to begin. The lack of training of our 
doctors, the laws protecting them to properly treat, the diagnostic 
dilemma . . . and the list goes on. Meanwhile, I sit and wait to die or 
to be back on the street again, sick and alone and scared beyond 
imagination. What keeps me going? The hope that by some miracle, I will 
somehow get well enough again to help others who have fallen through 
the cracks and become victim of a disease that mainly for political 
reasons, continues to disable more and more people everyday.

    [Editor's Note: See also: U.S. Department of Health and Human 
Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control and 
Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Board of 
Scientific Counselors--Minutes of Meeting, May 12 and 13, 2005, 
Atlanta, GA at: www.cdc.gov/Maso/FACM/facmarchived.htm?url=20.]

    [Whereupon, at 11:55 a.m., the hearing was adjourned.]

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