Myodocopid Ostracoda

from Southern Africa

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

'

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 214
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 21 4

Myodocopid Ostracoda

from Southern Africa

Louis S. Kornicker

ISSUED

JANl - 1976

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1976
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Myodocopid Ostracoda from Southern Africa. Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, number 214, 39 pages, 24 figures, 1976.—Ostracoda

from Luderitz Bay, South-West Africa, identified by Klie (1940) as Asterope

grimaldi Skogsberg, 1920, and Asterope muelleri Skogsberg, 1920, were restudied

and referred to three new species: Cylindroleberis kliei, Parasterope beta, and

Parasterope kappa. The new species are described and illustrated. Paradoloria

dorsoserrata (Muller, 1908), the type-species of the genus Paradoloria, is redescribed from syntypes from off the coast of South Africa. The identification by

Klie (1940) of Paradoloria dorsoserrata in Luderitz Bay is tentatively confirmed.

It is concluded that ostracodes from the vicinity of Japan identified by Poulsen

(1962) as Paradoloria dorsoserrata were correctly referred by Hanai (1974) to

Paradoloria pellucida (Kajiyama, 1912).

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 6068. SERIES COVER DESIGN:

The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S., 1919-

Myodocopid Ostracoda from southern Africa.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 214)

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:214

1. Myodocopa. 2. Crustacea—Africa, Southwest—Luderitz Bay. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian

Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; no. 214.

QL1.S54. no. 214 [QL444.085] 591'08s [595'.33] 75-619156
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Cylindroleberididae Miiller, 1906 2

Cylindroleberidinae Miiller, 1906 2

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868 2

Key to Species of Cylindroleberis (along the western coast of Africa) . 2

Cylindroleberis kliei, new species 2

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965 10

Key to Species of Parasterope (along the western coast of Africa

having adult females with tumid carapaces in lateral view) 10

Parasterope beta, new species 11

Parasterope kappa, new species 18

Cypridinidae Baird, 1850 23

Cypridininae Baird, 1850 23

Paradoloria Poulsen, 1962 23

Key to Species of Paradoloria (in the vicinity of South-West

and South Africa) 23

Paradoloria dorsoserrata (G. W. Miiller, 1908) . 23

Literature Cited 39

Myodocopid Ostracoda

from Southern Africa

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

Skogsberg (1920:510) reported Aster ope grimaldi Skogsberg, 1920 (= Cylindroleberis grimaldi), from the Mediterranean Sea near Monaco.

Later, Klie (1940:409) reported it from Redfort

Bay and Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa. Its

absence from the coast of Mauritania (Kornicker

and Caraion, 1974) suggested a disjunct distribution of the species—the Mediterranean Sea and

South-West Africa. For this reason, it seemed advisable to reexamine Klie's specimens. These were

obtained from the Hamburg Zoological Museum

and are described herein as Cylindroleberis kliei,

new species.

Skogsberg (1920:483) reported Asterope muelleri Skogsberg, 1920 (= Parasterope muelleri),

from the English Channel and the Mediterranean

Sea. It has since been reported from many localities

including the Bahamas (Kornicker, 1958:239), the

West Indies (Poulsen, 1965:370), and off Mauritania (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974:8). Klie

(1940:409) reported the species from Liideritz

Bay, South-West Africa. Klie's identification was

questioned by Poulsen (1965:370), Kornicker

(1974:36), and Kornicker and Caraion (1974:8).

Because of this, the specimens identified by Klie

were obtained from the Hamburg Zoological Museum and restudied. Most were found to be very

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, DC. 20560.

closely related to Parasterope muelleri Skogsberg,

but sufficient differences were detected to refer

them to Parasterope beta, new species. Three specimens in the same vial as the specimens identified

as A. muelleri by Klie (= Parasterope beta) are

described herein as Parasterope kappa, new species.

Miiller (1908) described Paradoloria dorsoserrata (as Cypridina dorsoserrata) from Simonstown, South Africa, and Klie (1940) reported the

species from Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa.

Poulsen (1962) reported it from off Misaki, Japan,

but Hanai (1974:119) referred Poulsen's specimens

to Paradoloria pellucida (Kajiyama, 1912). Examination of syntypes of P. dorsoserrata described

below leads me to concur with Hanai. I also examined a juvenile (described below) from Liideritz Bay in the collection reported on by Klie

(1940), and tentatively agree that P. dorsoserrata

was present in the bay. Hanai (1974:119) designated P. dorsoserrata the type-species of Paradoloria.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I thank Dr. Gerd Hartmann, Hamburg Zoological Institute and Museum,

for sending specimens reported on by Klie (1940),

and Dr. H.-E. Gruner, Berlin Zoological Museum,

for sending syntypes of Paradoloria dorsoserrata

(Miiller, 1908). Criticisms of the manuscript by Dr.

Thomas E. Bowman and Ms. Maura McManus

are appreciated. Preliminary camera lucida drawings of appendages were made by Mr. Paul Mazer,

who also inked the final drawings. The assistance

of Mr. Walter R. Brown and Ms. Mary J. Mann,

who operated the scanning electron microscope,

is acknowledged with thanks.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Muller, 1906

CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE Muller, 1906

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868

A vial containing 46 specimens identified by

W. Klie as Asterope grimaldi Skogsberg was received from the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

These had been collected in Liideritz Bay in

February, 1938, by Dr. v. Levetzow. Klie (1940)

had reported 50 specimens from Liideritz Bay and

1 specimen from Redfort Bay. This indicates that

the specimens I studied represent the bulk of the

collection. All the specimens in the vial are referred to Cylindroleberis kliei, new species.

The new species brings to two the number of

species of Cylindroleberis reported from the west

coast of Africa.

Key to Species of Cylindroleberis

(along the western coast of Africa)

Dorsal margin of mandibular basale with 1 midbristle . C. bacescui Kornicker and Caraion, 1974

Dorsal margin of mandibular basale with 3-4 midbristles C. kliei, new species

Cylindroleberis kliei, new species

FIGURES 1-5

Asterope grimaldi Skogsberg.—Klie, 1940:409.

Cylindroleberis grimaldi (Skogsberg, 1920).—Hartmann and

Schroder, 1974a:35,36,41,46,50,70,76,77; 1974b:232; 1975:360,

table 4.

HOLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 1, ovigerous

female, length 1.78 mm, Hamburg Zoological Museum. Appendages on 2 slides and in alcohol;

valves in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. Walter Klie.

ALLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 2, adult male,

length 1.95 mm, Hamburg Zoological Museum;

from type-locality. Appendages on 2 slides and in

alcohol; valves in alcohol.

PARATYPES.—44 specimens, including ovigerous

females and juvenile males and females; Hamburg

Zoological Museum.

DISTRIBUTION.—In addition to the type-locality,

Hartmann and Shroder (1975:360, table 4) reported

the species as Cylindroleberis grimaldi (Skogsberg,

1920) sensu Klie, 1940, from Langabaan, Velddrift,

Kometji, False Bay, and Knysna, Union of South

Africa. I have not seen those specimens.

Material: Through Dr. Gerd Hartmann, I received from the Hamburg Zoological Museum a

vial containing 46 specimens and 2 labels: "09."

and "Asterope grimaldi Skogsberg, D.S.W. Africa:

Liideritz Bucht, February 1938. Coll. v. Levetzow." All species have been referred herein to

Cylindroleberis kliei, new species. I have labeled

the holotype "Klie speciemen number 1" and the

allotype "Klie specimen number 2."

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 1-3).—Carapace elongate with slightly convex dorsal and ventral margins (Figure la); anterior margin evenly

rounded with slitlike incisur below valve middle;

posterior almost evenly rounded; surface smooth.

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with about 5

bristles along list near incisur, about 7 bristles

forming row ventral to list near inner end of incisur, and about 50 long bristles and many small

bristles dorsal to list; about 35 long bristles and

about 29 small bristles on broad anteroventral infold ventral to incisur; about 40 bristles forming

row along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List

beginning near inner margin of anterior part of

infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens; posterior

list with about 27 broad transparent bristles with

tubes at their bases and about 57 slender bristles,

generally 2 but sometimes 3 or 4 bristles between

each pair of transparent bristles (Figure lb); 28

bristles present in ventral part of posterior infold

between broad posterior list and valve edge; 2 additional bristles present in dorsal corner of posterior

infold posterior to broad list; middle of posterior

infold with 5 processes, each process with several

pores posterior to base.

Size: Holotype, Klie specimen number 1, length

1.78 mm, height 0.98 mm. Four ovigerous females:
NUMBER 214

FIGURE 1.—Cylindroleberis kliei, new species, Klie specimen number 1, holotype, ovigerous

female, length 1.78 mm: a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye and eggs; b,

posterior infold of left valve, medial view; c, left 1st antenna, lateral view; d, endopodite of

right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, part of protopodite of right 2nd antenna showing stump of

medial bristle, medial view. (Same magnification in micrometers: b,c; d,e)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Cylindroleberis kliei, new species, Klie specimen number 1, holotype (continued):

a, right mandible without coxale endite, medial view; b, coxale endite o£ right mandible,

lateral view (distal bristle on dorsal margin of dorsal branch broken); c, right maxilla, medial

view; d, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view. (Same magnification in micrometers: a/:,d.)
NUMBER 214

FIGURE 3.—Cylindroleberis kliei, new species, Klie specimen number 1, holotype (continued):

a, right 6th limb, medial view; b, 7th limb; c, left lateral eye; d, medial eye and rod-shaped

organ; e, upper lip, anterior to left; /, posterior of body showing tips of 5th of the gill-like

structures, the dorsum, and the posterior furcal claws. (Same magnification in micrometers:

a,b; c-f.)
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

length 1.74 mm, height 0.89 mm; length 1.73 mm,

height 0.84 mm; length 1.72 mm, height 0.84 mm;

length 1.72 mm, height 0.88 mm.

First antenna (Figure \c): 1st joint with long

hairs on medial and lateral surfaces; 2nd joint

with short spinous lateral bristle and long stout

subterminal dorsal bristle on widest part of joint;

lateral surface with spines forming rows proximally near dorsal margin; medial surface also with

rows of spines; 3rd joint with minute ventral

bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles (5th and

6th bristles adjacent to each other, remaining bristles isolated); 3rd plus 4th joints quadrate, separated by indistinct suture; distal margin of 4th

joint only slightly curved; ventral margin spinous

and with 2 bristles (medial of these reaching middle of 6th joint; lateral bristle almost reaching

end of stem); dorsal margin with spinous terminal

bristle; 5th joint: sensory bristle with 1 short

proximal filament and 6 long terminal filaments;

lateral surface with short spines forming row on

distal dorsal corner; 6th joint with 1 long spinous

medial bristle; lateral surface with short spines

forming row near middle and along distal margin.

Seventh joint: a-claw short with a few minute

teeth distally along ventral margin; b-bristle stout

with 3 marginal and 2 terminal filaments including tip; c-bristle reaching past sensory bristle, with

3 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. Eighth

joint: d-bristle represented by minute spine; ebristle bare, about two-thirds length of c-bristle,

slightly shorter than b-bristle; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 4 spinous marginal filaments and bifurcate tip (part of bristle distal to the 4 marginal

filaments with marginal spines); g-bristle similar

to c-bristle.

Second antenna: Protopodite with spines along

dorsal margin, on lateral surface near dorsal margin and on distal half of medial surface; distal

medial bristle on protopodite minute or absent

(Figure \e). Endopodite 3-jointed but with suture

between 1st and 2nd joints indicated only by division in weakly sclerotized exoskeleton (Figure

Id); terminal bristle longer than stem, reaching to

about 5th joint of exopodite. Exopodite: joints

2-8 with short spines forming row along distal

margin; bristle of 2nd joint reaching just past 9th

joint, with short spines forming dense row along

ventral margin; bristles of joints 3-8 with spines

along proximal ventral margin and with natatory

hairs; 9th joint with 2 long stout bristles with

proximal ventral spines and natatory hairs, 2 short

bristles with short marginal spines, and stout lateral spine about seven-eighths length of 9th joint;

joints 3-8 with basal spines (spine on 8th joint

about one-half length of 9th joint, spines on other

joints smaller).

Mandible (Figure 2a,b): Coxale endite: ventral

branch with spines forming 4 oblique rows, and

with 3 minute teeth at tip (Figure 26); minute

bristle present near base of ventral branch; ventral margin of dorsal branch with double node

followed by 2 single prominent nodes and 1 or 2

low nodes and short main spine; posterior margin

of main spine and margin of branch between spine

and tip of branch with minute spines; exact locality of base of dorsal terminal bristle difficult to

ascertain on specimen examined. Basale: endite

with usual 4 pectinate end bristles, short glandular peg, 2 short dwarf bristles, and 3 triaenid bristles with 3 or 4 pairs of marginal spines excluding

terminal pair; ventral margin of basale near base

of endite and proximal to U-shaped depression

with 1 triaenid bristle with about 3 pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair; dorsal margin of basale with 3 or 4 short midbristles with

bases on medial surface of basale, and 2 spinous

terminal bristles (these also with bases on medial

surface of basale); lateral surface of basale with

numerous spines forming rows. Exopodite: very

small, about one-fourth length of dorsal margin

of 1st endopodite joint, hirsute, with 2 short terminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 stout

spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd

joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short proximal bristle and stout spinous

a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles; no lateral bristle between

b- and c-bristles; 1 short spinous medial cleaning

bristle present just distal to base of b-bristle; 2

oblique rows of 3 and 5 medial cleaning bristles

between b- and d-bristles; 1 long spinous medial

bristle present just distal to base of d-bristle; 1

long spinous lateral bristle present between c- and

d-bristles; medial surface of 2nd joint with few

rows of short spines; end joint with straight dorsal claw and 5 bristles (3 long, stout; 1 long, slender, and 1 short, slender).

Maxilla (Figure 2c): Epipodial appendage hirsute with tip reaching middle of dorsal margin of

basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3 long, 1 short;
NUMBER 214

endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale hirsute with

hairs on medial surface and dorsal margin; medial

surface with 1 proximal and 1 distal bristle, the

latter almost on dorsal margin; ventral margin

with 1 short proximal bristle, 1 short distal bristle,

and 1 long spinous terminal bristle; lateral surface with 1 short proximal bristle. Endopodite:

1st joint with 1 short dorsal bristle and 1 long betabristle with faint marginal spines; end joint with

1 long spinous bristle extending just past betabristle.

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with about

75 spinous bristles; comb with 2 short lateral bristles ventral to base of stout exopodial bristle; 2

pairs of lateral bristles present near middle of ventral margin of comb; 2 ventral bristles near distal

end of comb with bases more proximally located

on comb than bases of remaining ventral bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 3a): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner more than

usual distance from anterior margin; anterior margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle, both with

marginal spines; anteroventral corner with 6 spinous bristles plus 1 spinous bristle on lateral flap;

posteroventral margin with 25 spinous bristles;

medial surface, anterior, ventral, and posterior

margins hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 3b): Proximal and distal

groups each with 6 bristles (3 + 3), each w,ith

3 to 5 bells; terminus consisting of opposing combs,

each with about 20 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 3/): Each lamella with 9 claws;

posterior claw bent backward, most claws with

teeth along posterior margins and slender spines

along anterior margins; a few distal teeth along

posterior margins longer than others; short spines

present along lamella following claws.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 3d): Elongate, slightly

broader in middle, tip rounded.

Eyes: Medial eye bare, pigmented (Figure 3d);

lateral eye pigmented, about same size as medial

eye, with about 20 ommatidia (Figure 3c).

Posterior: Dorsum spinous forming small broad

projecting process; posterior with long hairs

(Figure 3/).

Upper lip (Figure 3e): Consisting of 2 hirsute

lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each side; no

spines observed.

Genitalia: Genitalia and brush organ not observed.

Eggs: Holotype, Klie specimen number 1, with

13 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 4, 5).—

Carapace differing from that of female in being

larger, having a sloping dorsal margin, and hairs

forming a verticle row near posterior margin (Figure 4a).

Infold: Not examined.

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 12

individual ovoid scars (Figure 4b).

Size: Allotype, Klie specimen number 2, length

1.95 mm, height 1.03 mm.

First antenna (Figure 4c): First joint with long

hairs on medial surface near ventral margin; 2nd

joint with 1 spinous lateral bristle, 1 spinous distal

bristle on dorsal margin, and short spines forming

rows on medial and lateral surfaces; 3rd joint with

minute ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles

(5th and 6th bristles adjacent to each other, remaining bristles isolated; proximal bristle separated from second bristle by long space); 4th joint

distinctly separated from 3rd, with 1 spinous bristle near middle of dorsal margin and 2 short, slender, terminal bristles on ventral margin; 5th joint

short, not reaching dorsal margin of limb, with

stout sensory bristle with abundant filaments

(approximately 6 filaments at tip stouter than

others); long 6th joint with spinous medial bristle

near dorsal margin. Seventh joint: short a-claw

with distal teeth along ventral margin; b-bristle

with 5 marginal filaments; long c-bristle with 25

marginal filaments. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent;

e-bristle bare, about three-fourths length of bbristle; long f-bristle with 25 marginal filaments;

g-bristle with 6 marginal filaments.

Second antenna: Protopodite with minute distomedial bristle (Figure 4e), but without spines

present on protopodite of female. Endopodite 3-

jointed (Figure Ad): 1st joint elongate, bare; 2nd

joint with 3 distal bristles on ventral margin near

minute protuberance; proximal bristle of recurved

3rd joint with straight proximal part terminating

in small node; tip of 3rd joint with 10 serrations.

Exopodite (Figure 4/): 1st joint with hairs on

lateral side near distal end; joints 2 to 8 with minute basal spine and long hairs forming row near

inner edge of distal margin; bristle of 2nd joint

reaching well past 9th joint and with natatory

hairs, no spines; bristles of joints 3-8 without

spines, but with natatory hairs; joint 9 with 2 long
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 4.—Cylindroleberis kliei, new species, Klie specimen number 2, allotype, adult male,

length 1.95 mm: a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye and 2 long bristles on 1st

antenna emerging from carapace, lateral view; b, sketch of central muscle scars of right valve,

lateral view; c, right 1st antenna, lateral view (only proximal parts of c- and g-bristles shown);

d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, medial bristle on protopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; /, exopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral view; g, right mandible, medial

view; h, left maxilla, medial view. (Same magnification in micrometers: c,fg; d,h.)
NUMBER 214

FIGURE 5.—Cylindroleberis kliei, new species, Klie specimen number 2, allotype (continued):

a, comb of left 5th limb, medial view; b, right 6th limb, medial view; c, 7th limb; d, right

furcal lamellae and copulatory organ, lateral view, anterior to right; e, main furcal claw; /,

left lateral eye, anterior to left; g, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; h, left lobe of upper lip,

anterior to right; i, left Y-sclerite of furcal region, anterior to left. (Same magnification in

micrometers: a,c,e; b,d,f-i.)

and I medium bristle, all with natatory hairs;

lateral spine not observed on 9th joint.

Mandible (Figure 4g): Dorsal bristle near tip

of dorsal branch of coxale endite with base set

back from tip of branch (this was not seen clearly

on female holotype), endite otherwise similar to

that of female. Basale: 4 spinous end bristles of

endite weakly developed; 2 triaenid bristles of endite also weakly developed but with more pairs of

marginal spines (about 23) than on bristles of
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

female; endite with 2 dwarf bristles and weakly

developed glandular process; ventral margin of

basale proximal to U-shaped depression with 1

weakly developed triaenid bristle near base of

endite with about 20 pairs of marginal spines;

dorsal margin of basale with 4 short midbristles

and 2 spinous terminal bristles. Exopodite similar

to that of female. Endopodite: 1st joint and ventral margin of 2nd joint similar to that of female;

dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 3 short proximal

bristles and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles;

4 cleaning bristles forming oblique row on medial

side between b- and c-bristles; 6 cleaning bristles

forming oblique row on medial side starting near

base of c-bristle; 1 long lateral bristle present between c-, and d-bristles; 1 long medial bristle present just distal to base of d-bristle; end joint similar

to that of female.

Maxilla (Figure Ah), 5th limb (Figure 5a): Similar to that of female.

Sixth limb (Figure 5b): Anteroventral corner

with 5 spinous bristles plus 1 spinous bristle on

lateral flap; limb otherwise similar to that of female.

Seventh limb (Figure 5c): Similar to that of

female, except bristles with 2 to 5 bells.

Furca (Figure 5d,e) rod-shaped organ (Figure

5g): Similar to that of female.

Eyes: Medial eye similar to that of female (Figure 5g); lateral eye about one-third larger than

that of female, with 21 ommatidia (Figure 5/).

Posterior, upper lip (Figure 5h): Similar to that

of female.

Copulatory appendage: Elongate, paired, with

triangular-shaped tip and few minute bristles

(Figure bd).

Y-sclerite: With slight curvature and small projection proximally on ventral margin and distally

on dorsal margin (Figure 5t).

Parasites: Allotype with 1 choniostomatid copepodite inside carapace.

Comparisons: Only two other species of Cylindroleberis have as many as 3 midbristles on the

dorsal margin of the mandibular basale: Cylindroleberis verrncosa (Poulsen, 1965:440), and Cylindroleberis thailandica (Poulsen, 1965:444). The

new species, C. kliei, differs from both species in

having more bristles on the posterior infold between the list and edge of valve, and in having

processes on the posterior infold. The carapace of

C. kliei also differs from that of C. verrucosa in

not having teeth along the lower margin of the

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965

Two vials containing 78 specimens identified as

Asterope muelleri Skogsberg by W. Klie were received from the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

These had been collected in Liideritz Bay in

February, 1938, by Dr. v. Levetzow. Klie (1940)

had reported 97 specimens of A. muelleri from

that locality. This indicates that the specimens I

studied represent the bulk of the collection. I divided the specimens into three groups: one group

consists of 48 specimens of Parasterope beta, new

species; a second group consists of 3 specimens of

Parasterope kappa, new species; and a third group

consists of 27 specimens, mostly juveniles, of Parasterope species indeterminate. All specimens were

returned to the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

The two new species bring the number of speKey to Species of Parasterope

(along the western coast of Africa having adult females with tumid carapace in lateral view)

1. Ventral margin of mandibular basale with 1 short bare bristle proximal to U-shaped depression P. kappa, new species

Ventral margin of mandibular basale with 1 triaenid bristle proximal to u-shaped depression, or without bristle in this position 2

2. Carapace of adult female not longer than 1.41 mm; lateral eye of adult female with about

17 ommatidia; dorsal margin of mandibular basale of adult male without midbristle

P. muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

Carapace of adult female 1.67 mm long (based on 1 specimen); lateral eye of adult female

with 13-14 ommatidia; male unknown P. alpha Kornicker and Caraion, 1974

Carapace of adult female 1.47-1.60 mm; lateral eye of adult female with about 18 ommatidia; dorsal margin of adult male with midbristle P. beta, new species
NUMBER 214 11

cies of Parasterope reported from the western coast

of Africa to 7. Of the 7, only 4 have adult females

with tumid (pear-shaped) carapaces in lateral

view. Because the new species are easily distinguishable from the nontumid species on shape of

carapace, the key above is just for tumid species.

Parasterope beta, new species

FIGURES 6-9

Asterope muelleri Skogsberg, 1920.—Klie, 1940 [part]:409, figs.

7-10.

Cylindroleberis (Parasterope) muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920).—

Hartmann and Schroder, 1974a:70,76,77; 1974b:234.

Cylindroleberis muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920).—Hartmann and

Schroder, 1975:360, table 4.

HOLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 8, ovigerous

female, length 1.47 mm; most appendages on 2

slides, some appendages and carapace in alcohol;

Hamburg Zoological Museum, number 07.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the second

letter of the Greek alphabet,

PARATYPES.—46 specimens, including 5 complete

carapaces without soft parts (includes 2 adult

males), and a left and right valve. Of these, 5 are

ovigerous females and 6 are Pfemales containing in

their brood chambers copepode parasites or their

ovisacs, and 3 are whole adult males.

ALLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 8, adult

male, length 1.69 mm.

MATERIAL.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Gerd

Hartmann, I received on loan from the Hamburg

Zoological Museum 2 vials. One vial contained 3

labels, " 9," "07," "Asterope millleri Skogsberg,

D.S.W. Africa: Liideritz Bucht, February 1938.

Coll. v. Levetzow." The second vial contained 2

labels, "08," " $, Asterope miilleri Skogsberg,

D.S.W. Africa: Liideritz Bucht, February 1938.

Coll. v. Levetzow." The first vial contained 42 specimens of P. beta, 3 specimens of P. kappa, newspecies, and 27 specimens of Parasterope, species

indeterminate (many juveniles). The second vial

contained 6 adult males (including 2 carapaces

without soft parts) of P. beta.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 6-8).—Carapace tumid in lateral view (Figure 6a).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 4 bristles

along list, about 7 bristles between list and incisur,

and about 35 bristles anterior and dorsal to list;

8 small bristles forming row along anterodorsal

infold; about 38 bristles on broad anteroventral

infold; 31 bristles along ventral infold to point

opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of

anterior part of infold, continuing along ventral

margin and then onto posterior infold where it

broadens; posterior list with 31 broad transparent

flaplike bristles and 31-32 small bristles between

flaplike bristles, generally 1 or 2 small bristles between each pair of flaplike bristles (4 pairs of flaplike bristles without small bristles between them;

21 pairs of flaplike bristles with 1 small bristle

between them; 5 pairs of flaplike bristles with 2

small bristles between them); 17 bristles between

broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve,

all bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior infold.

Selvage: Very faint lamellar prolongation with

hairlike fringe present along lower margin of

incisur.

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 9 individual ovoid scars (Figure 6b).

Size (Figure 7): Klie specimen number 3,

length 1.47 mm, height 1.04 mm. Five ovigerous

females (not dissected): length 1.51 mm, height

1.07 mm; length 1.53 mm, height 1.08 mm; length

1.56 mm, height 1.10 mm; length 1.57 mm, height

1.10 mm; length 1.57 mm, height 1.08 mm. Six

Pfemales with copepod parasites of copepod ovisacs

in brood chamber (it is possible that some of these

could be A-l males; specimens not dissected):

length 1.60 mm, height 1.09 mm; length 1.56 mm,

height 1.07 mm; length 1.50 mm, height 1.06 mm;

length 1.55 mm, height 1.06 mm; length 1.58 mm,

height 1.11 mm; length 1.51 mm, height 1.07 mm.

First antenna (Figure 6c): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd

joint with long spinous dorsal bristle and short

spinous lateral bristle; 3rd joint with small ventral bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles (5th

and 6th bristles adjacent to each other, remaining

bristles isolated), 3rd plus 4th joints quadrate,

separated by distinct suture; 4th joint with distinctly concave distal margin and 3 bristles, 1 long

spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender spinous ventral bristles (longer of these reaching distal end

of 6th joint, shorter reaching middle of 6th joint);
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 6.—Parasterope beta, new species, Klie specimen number 3, holotype, ovigerous female,

length 1.47 mm: a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye, central muscle scar,

and eggs; b, sketch of central muscle scars of left valve, lateral view; c, left 1st antenna, medial

view; d, right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, left mandible, medial view (distal bristle on dorsal

margin of dorsal branch of coxale endite broken). (Same magnification in micrometers: c,d.)

ventral margin of 4th joint with spines forming 2

rows extending onto lateral surface; sensory bristle

of 5th joint long with 6 terminal filaments; dorsal

margin of 5th joint with short spines forming row

along distal part; medial bristle of 6th joint with

short marginal spines. Seventh joint: a-claw about

same length as bristle of 6th joint, with minute

teeth along dorsal margin; b-bristle shorter than

sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 filaments including tip of bristle; c-bristle reaching past sensory

bristle, with 5 marginal filaments excluding tip.

Eighth joint: d-bristle minute with blunt tip; e-
NUMBER 214 13

1.10

1.00

0.60

Parosteropt btta

Parosterop* kappa

1.30 1.40

CARAPACE LENGTH (mm)

FIGURE 7.—Comparison of relationship between shell length and height of adult males and

females of Parasterope beta, new species and Parasterope kappa, new species.

bristle bare, almost reaching tip of sensory bristle;

f-bristle bent dorsally, with 5 marginal filaments

excluding tip; g-bristle broken on both limbs of

specimen examined, 3 marginal filaments on remaining part of one of the limbs.

Second antenna (Figure 6rf): Protopodite with

small distal medial spine; medial surface with

spines along dorsal and ventral margins and all

over surface, but more densely distributed on dorsal half; lateral surface with fine spines near ventral and dorsal margins. Endopodite 3-jointed

with well-defined sutures separating joints; terminal bristle about twice length of stem. Exopodite:

2nd joint with spines forming crescent on medial

side; right limb aberrant in having only 8 joints,

left limb with 9; bristle of 2nd joint reaching past

stem, with spines along ventral margin; bristles of

joints 3-8 of left limb and 3-7 of right limb with

natatory hairs; bristles of joints 3-5 with marginal

spines along part of ventral margin; 9th joint of

left limb with stout lateral spine about half length

of joint and 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs,

2 short with short marginal spines); 8th joint of

right limb with 2 small lateral spines and 3 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 1 short with

short marginal spines); joints 2-8 on left limb and

2-7 on right limb with short spines forming row

along distal margin; joints 3-8 on left limb and

3-7 on right limb with small basal spines; basal

spine on next-to-last joint about one-third length

of last joint.

Mandible (Figure 6e): Coxale endite: small

slender bristle present near base of ventral branch;

ventral branch with 5 oblique rows of spines; tip

of ventral branch with 3 minute teeth; ventral

margin of dorsal branch with 3 prominent nodes

followed by 2 low nodes and small main spine;

margin between main spine and tip of branch

with equal-lengthed spines; last spine slightly

stouter but same length as others; bristle on dor-
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Parasterope beta, new species, Klie specimen number 3, holotype, ovigerous female

(continued): a, right maxilla, medial view; b, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view; c, left 6th

limb, medial view; d, 7th limb; e, main furcal claw; f, lateral eye under cover slip; g, anterior

of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ and upper lip; h, posterior of body showing

dorsum with lateral crescents, posterior claws of furca, and right Y-sclerite. (Same magnification

in micrometers: a,b,d,e; c/i.)

sal margin of dorsal branch broken off on specimen examined but with base some distance from

tip of branch. Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles, 1 long dwarf bristle (about same

length as triaenid bristles), elongate glandular

peg, and 3 triaenid bristles with 3 or 4 pairs of

marginal spines excluding terminal pair; 1 triaenid bristle with 3 pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair present on ventral margin

of basale proximal to U-shaped depression; dorsal

margin of basale with 2 stout spinous terminal

bristles; medial and lateral surfaces with long
NUMBER 214 15

spines forming clusters. Endopodite: 1st joint with

3 long stout spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles;

dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 1 short proximal

bristle and stout spinous a-, b-, o, and d-bristles;

c-bristle slightly stouter than d-bristle and much

stouter than a- and b-bristles; 1 long spinous lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles and c- and

d-bristles; 2 rows of 2 or 3 and 5 or 6 cleaning

bristles on medial surface between b- and dbristles; 1 long spinous medial bristle at base of

d-bristle; medial surface of 2nd joint with spines

forming short rows; end joint with dorsal claw

with spines along ventral margin and 5 bristles,

4 long, 1 short. Exopodite hirsute, just reaching

distal margin of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 short

subterminal bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 8a): Epipodial appendage hirsute with pointed tip reaching past middle of dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3

long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale

hirsute on medial and lateral surfaces and along

dorsal margin; medial surface with 2 bare bristles,

both near dorsal margin (proximal bristle about

three-fourths length of distal bristle); ventral margin with 1 proximal bristle (about same length as

distal medial bristle), 1 short distal bristle, and 1

long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st

joint with 1 short dorsal bristle and 1 long spinous

beta-bristle; end joint with long spinous terminal

bristle (beta-bristle about three-fourths length of

terminal bristle).

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with 67 bristles; comb with 2 short slender bristles ventral

to base of stout exopodial bristle and 2 pairs of

bristles near middle of ventral margin of comb

(Figure 8&).

Sixth limb (Figure 8c): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior

margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anteroventral corner with 2 bristles (short bristle with

few marginal spines and less than one-half length

of longer spinous bristle); lateral flap without bristles; posteroventral margin with 17 spinous bristles;

lateral and medial surfaces hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 8d): Proximal and distal

groups each with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each

bristle with 3 or 4 bells. Terminus consisting of

opposing combs, each with about 12 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; posterior 2

or 3 claws bristlelike (Figure Se,h).

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate with rounded tip

(Figure 8g).

Eyes: Medial eye with hairs on dorsal part (Figure 8g); lateral eye about same size as medial eye,

with about 18 ommatidia, appears dark brown

when viewed through shell (Figure 8/). Eyes similar to those of male.

Posterior (Figure 8h): Dorsum forming evenly

rounded right angle; 4 or 5 minute sclerotized lateral crescents fringed with short spines present on

each side of dorsum; rounded corner or dorsum

with long hairs on each side.

Upper lip (Figure 8g): Upper lip consisting of

2 hirsute lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each

side; 1 anterior spine on saddle between lobes; 1

or 2 spines may be on each lobe, but not seen with

certainty.

Y-sclerite: Almost straight with small projection distally on dorsal margin (Figure 8h).

Eggs: Klie specimen number 3 with 7 eggs in

marsupium.

Parasites: 6 undissected Pfemales contained

within their carapaces copepod parasites or copepod ovisacs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 7, 9).—

Carapace differing from that of the female in

not being tumid, in having the posterior half of

the dorsal margin sloping downward, and in having hairs forming a verticle row near the posterior

margin (Figure 9a); anterior margin of rostrum

more broadly rounded than that of female.

Infold: Not examined.

Size (Figure 7): Allotype, Klie specimen number 8, length 1.72 mm, height 1.06 mm. Other

specimens: length 1.67 mm, height 1.04 mm;

length 1.68 mm, height 1.05 mm; length 1.72 mm,

height 1.10 mm; length 1.73 mm, height 1.12 mm;

length 1.85 mm, height 1.18 mm.

First antenna (Figure 9b): Medial and lateral

surfaces of 1st joint without spines; 2nd joint with

spines on medial and lateral surfaces, I long spinous dorsal bristle and 1 short spinous lateral

bristle; 3rd joint with small ventral bristle and 6

long spinous dorsal bristles (3rd and 4th bristles

and 5th and 6th bristles adjacent to each other;

space between 1st and 2nd bristles); 4th joint with

slightly convex distal margin on lateral side and

concave distal margin on medial side; dorsal margin with 1 long stout bristle with short marginal
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 9.—Parasterope beta, new species, Klie specimen number 8, allotype, adult male, length

1.75 mm: a. complete specimen, lateral view; b, left 1st antenna, lateral view (only proximal

parts of c- and g-bristles shown); c, medial bristle on protopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial

view; d, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e, right mand'ble, medial view; /, left

maxilla, medial view (endites not shown); g, posterior of body showing dorsum, left furcal

lamella, copulatory appendage, and left Y-sclerite; h, right lateral eye; i, medial eye and rodshaped organ; /, right lobe of upper lip (anterior to right). (Same magnification in micrometers:

H; g-i)
NUMBER 214 17

spines; ventral margin with short spines forming

clusters and 2 slender terminal bristles; stout hirsute sensory bristle of 5th joint wedged between

ventral corners of 4th and 6th joints; medial bristle

of 6th joint with short marginal spines. Seventh

joint: a-claw about same length as bristle of 6th

joint, with minute teeth along dorsal margin; bbristle extending past sensory bristle of 5th joint,

with 5 filaments excluding tip; c-bristle very long

with 33 marginal filaments. Eighth joint: d-bristle

absent; e-bristle bare, about same length as bbristle; f-bristle not bent dorsally, with 8 marginal

filaments excluding tip; g-bristle about same

length as c-bristle, with 29 marginal filaments.

Second antenna: Protopodite with small distal

medial bristle but without spines on medial or

lateral surfaces (Figure 9c). Endopodite 3-jointed

(Figure 9d): 1st joint elongate without bristles;

2nd joint longer than 1st, with 2 or 3 short distal

bristles; 3rd joint reflexed with proximal bristle;

tip of joint with 2 teeth and short hairs forming

row. Exopodite: 1st joint with short spines forming

few clusters proximally along dorsal margin and

longer spines or hairs forming few rows near ventral margin on lateral surface; 2nd joint elongate,

about one-half length of 1st joint; joints 2-8 with

spines forming row along distal margins and long

hairs forming row on dorsal margin; joints 4-8

with minute basal spines; basal spine on next-tolast joint about one-eighth length of last joint;

9th joint with short lateral spine; 9th joint with 1

medium and 3 long bristles; bristles on joints 2-8

and all bristles of 9th joint with natatory hairs but

without marginal spines.

Mandible (Figure 9e): Coxale more elongate

than that of female, otherwise similar; basale more

elongate than that of female and with 1 midbristle

on dorsal margin, otherwise similar. Exopodite

excluding bristles about two-thirds length of 1st

endopodite joint. Endopodite; 1st joint similar to

that of female; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 2

proximal bristles and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and

d-bristles; c-bristle slightly stouter than other 3

bristles; 1 long spinous lateral bristle between band c-bristles and c- and d-bristles; 2 rows of 5-6

cleaning bristles on medial surface between b- and

c-bristles; 1 long spinous medial bristle at base of

d-bristle; medial surface of 2nd joint with spines

forming short rows; bristles of end joint similar to

those of females.

Maxilla (Figure 9/), 5th limb, 6th limb, 7th

limb, rod-shaped organ (Figure 9t); upper lip

(Figure 9;): Similar to those of female.

Furca (Figure 9g): Each lamella with 8 claws;

posterior 2 claws bristle-like; concave margin of

claw 1 on right lamella with very faint, minute

teeth; concave margin of claw 1 on left lamella

smooth, or with only few faint, minute teeth.

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 9i); lateral eye

about same size as medial eye, with about 19

ommatidia, appears dark brown when viewed

through shell (Figure 9h). Eye similar to those of

female.

Posterior: Dorsum rounded, spinous, without

sclerotized lateral crescents observed on female.

Copulatory organ: Consisting of large rounded

lobe.

Y-sclcrite: Similar to that of female (Figure

9g).

Sexual dimorphism: In addition to usual differences, the dorsal margin of the mandibular

basale of the male bears 1 midbristle absent on

the female. The posterior of the female bears 4-5

sclerotized lateral crescents absent on the male.

The furca of the female bears 9 claws, whereas,

that of the male bears only 8. The presence of a

midbristle on the dorsal margin of the mandibular

basale of males and its absence on females has

been previously noted on Parasterope quadrata

(Brady, 1898) and Homasterope maccaini Kornicker, 1975 (Kornicker, 1975).

Comparisons: The specimens upon which the

new species, Parasterope beta, is based had been

identified by Klie (1940) as Asterope muelleri

Skogsberg, 1920 (= Parasterope muelleri), a species very close to the new species. The main difference between them is that the dorsal margin of

the mandibular basale of the adult male of P. beta

bares a midbristle which is absent on P. muelleri.

The maximum reported carapace length of adult

females of P. muelleri is 1.41 mm, whereas, the

range of the length of carapaces of adult females

of P. beta is 1.47-1.60 mm. The new species is also

closely related to Parasterope alpha Kornicker and

Caraion, 1975, which was described from a single

adult female from the continental shelf off the

Islamic Republic of Mauritania. The species are

separated mainly by the number of ommatidia in

the lateral eyes: 13-14 for P. alpha and 18-19 for

P. beta. Also, the distal bristle on the dorsal mar-
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

gin of the basale of the maxilla of P. beta is longer

than that bristle of P. alpha. When the male of P.

alpha becomes known, the relationship between

P. alpha and P. beta should be reassessed.

Par aster ope kappa, new species

FIGURES 7, 10, 11

Asterope muelleri Skogsberg 1920.—Klie, 1940:409 [part].

HOLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 5, ovigerous

female, length 1.28 mm; most appendages on 1

slide; some appendages and carapace in alcohol;

Hamburg Zoological Museum, number 07.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Luderitz Bay, South-West Africa.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the tenth

letter of the Greek alphabet.

PARATYPES.—1 ovigerous female, Klie specimen

number 6.

ALLOTYPE.—Klie specimen number 7, adult

male, length 1.02 mm.

MATERIAL.—Through the courtesy of Dr. Gerd

Hartmann, I received on loan from the Hamburg

Zoological Museum a vial containing 3 labels, " $ ,"

"07," "Asterope miilleri Skogsberg, D.S.W. Africa:

Luderitz Bucht, February 1938. Coll. v. Levetzow."

The vial contained 42 specimens of P. beta, new

species, 3 specimens of P. kappa, new species, and

27 specimens of Parasterope, species indeterminate

(many juveniles).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 7, 10, lla-e).—

Carapace tumid in lateral view (Figures 10a,

lla).

Infold: Infold behind rostrum with 5 bristles

along list (2 distal, 3 proximal), 8 bristles forming

row parallel to incisur between list and incisur, 9

short proximal bristles between list and incisur,

and about 20 medium bristles and 18 minute bristles anterior and dorsal to list; about 16 additional

short bristles forming row along anterodorsal infold; about 21 medium bristles and 18 minute

bristles on broad anteroventral infold; 23 bristles

along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost

hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anterior part of infold, continuing along ventral margin and then

onto posterior infold where it broadens; posterior

list with 22-24 broad transparent flaplike bristles

and about 37 small bristles between flaplike bristles, generally 1 or 2 small bristles between each

pair of flaplike bristles; 15-17 bristles between

broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve,

all bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior infold.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation not observed

along lower margin of incisur.

Central muscle scars (Figures 106, lla): Consisting of about 10 individual ovoid scars.

Size: Klie specimen number 5, length 1.28 mm,

height 0.92 mm; Klie specimen number 6, length

1.31 mm, height 0.90 mm (Figure 7).

First antenna (Figure 10c): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd

joint with long spinous dorsal bristle and short

spinous lateral bristle; 3rd joint with small ventral bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles (3rd

and 4th as well as 5th and 6th bristles adjacent to

each other, remaining bristles isolated), 3rd plus

4th joints quadrate, separated by distinct suture;

4th joint with distinctly concave distal margin and

3 bristles, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender spinous ventral bristles (longer of these just

about reaching base of distal margin of 5th joint,

shorter bristle not quite reaching distal margin of

5th joint); spines not observed on 4th joint; sensory bristle of 5th joint with 6 terminal filaments;

dorsal margin of 5th joint without spines; medial

bristle of 6th joint with short marginal spines.

Seventh joint: a-claw about same length as bristle

of 6th joint, with minute teeth along middle of

dorsal margin; b-bristle shorter than sensory bristle of 5th joint, with 5 filaments including tip of

bristle; c-bristle reaching past sensory bristle of

5th limb, with 5 marginal filaments excluding tip.

Eighth joint: d-bristle minute with pointed tip;

e-bristle bare, almost reaching tip of sensory bristle

of 5th limb; f-bristle bent dorsally, with broken

tip, 4 marginal filaments on remaining part; gbristle reaching tip of sensory bristle of 5th limb,

with 5 marginal filaments excluding tip.

Second antenna (Figure lOrf): Protopodite with

small distal medial bristle; medial surface with

spines on dorsal half; dorsal margin with spines;

ventral margin with hairs. Endopodite 3-jointed

with well-defined sutures separating joints; terminal bristle above twice length of stem. Exopodite: 1st joint with long hairs forming medial row

near distal margin; joints 2-8 with short spines

forming row along distal margins; bristle of 2nd
FIGURE 10.—Parasterope kappa, new species, Klie specimen number 5, holotype, ovigerous

female, length 1.28 mm: a, complete specimen, lateral view; b, sketch of central muscle scars

of right valve, lateral view; c, left 1st antenna, lateral view; d, distal part of protopodite and

endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; e, left mandible, medial view; /, tip of ventral

branch of coxale endite of left mandible, medial view; g, left maxilla, medial view; h, right 6th

limb, medial view; i, 7th limb; /, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; k, right lateral eye,

anterior to right; /, left lobe of upper lip, anterior to left. (Same magnification in micrometers:

c~e,g-i; jji.)
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 11.—Paraslerope kappa, new species, Klie specimen number 6, ovigerous female, paratype, length 1.31 mm: a, complete specimen showing lateral eye, central muscle scars, and eggs,

lateral view; b, left lateral eye, anterior to left; c, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; d, upper

lip viewed from left; e, posterior of body showing dorsum. Klie specimen number 7, allotype,

adult male, length 1.02 mm: /, complete specimen showing lateral eye, central muscle scars,

and copulatory organ, lateral view; g, right 1st antenna, lateral view; h, distal part of protopodite and endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view; i, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view;

/', anterior of body showing lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, and upper lip; k,

posterior of body showing dorsum with lateral crescents. (Same magnification in micrometers:

bjg,h; c-e,j
NUMBER 214 21

joint reaching past stem, with spines along ventral

margin; bristles of joints 3-8 with natatory hairs

and with faint spines along ventral margins; 9th

joint with lateral spine about three-fourths length

of joint, and 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs,

2 short with short marginal spines); small basal

spines present on joints 3-8.

Mandible (Figure \0e,f): Coxale endite: small

slender bristle present near base of ventral branch;

ventral branch with 3-4 oblique rows of spines;

tip of ventral branch with about 5 slender spines

(Figure 10/); ventral margin of dorsal branch

with 3 low nodes followed by undulating margin;

main spine minute; margin between main spine

and tip of branch with short spines; bristle on dorsal margin of dorsal branch broken off on specimen examined but with base some distance from

tip of branch. Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles, 1 fairly long dwarf bristle

(shorter than triaenid bristle), and 3 triaenid

bristles with 3 pairs of marginal spines excluding

terminal pair, glandular peg not observed; ventral

margin of basale proximal to U-shaped depression

with 1 minute bristle with distal part more slender

than proximal part; dorsal margin of basale with

2 long stout spinous terminal bristles; medial surface of joint with spines forming short rows

(spines mostly on dorsal half); lateral surface not

observed. Exopodite hirsute, about three-fourths

length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint,

with 2 short subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st

joint with 3 long stout spinous ventral bristles;

ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with 1 short

proximal bristle and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and

d-bristles; c- and d-bristles slightly stouter than aand b-bristles; 1 long slender spinous lateral bristle present between b- and c-bristles and c- and dbristles; 3 cleaning bristles forming oblique row

near base of b-bristles; 6 longer cleaning bristles

forming oblique row near base of c-bristle; 1 long

spinous medial bristle present just distal to base of

d-bristle; medial surface of 2nd joint with spines

forming short rows; end joint with dorsal claw

with ventral spines and 5 spinous bristles, 4 long,

1 short.

Maxilla (Figure 10g): Epipodial appendage

hirsute with pointed tip reaching to about middle

of dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles,

3 long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale hirsute on medial surface and along dorsal

margin; medial surface with 2 bare bristles, both

near dorsal margin (proximal bristle about threefourths length of distal bristle); lateral surface

with short proximal bristle; ventral margin with 1

proximal bristle (about same length as distal medial bristle), and 1 long spinous terminal bristle.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short dorsal bristle

and 1 long spinous beta-bristle; end joint with

long spinous terminal bristle (beta-bristle about

three-fourths length of terminal bristle).

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with 59 bristles; comb with 2 short slender bristles ventral to

base of stout exopodial bristle and 2 pairs of bristles near middle of ventral margin of comb.

Sixth limb (Figure lOh): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner (obscured

on right limb); anterior margin with 1 upper and

1 lower bristle, the latter about one-half length of

former; anterodorsal corner with 2 spinous bristles,

proximal of these about one-half length of other;

lateral flap without bristles; posteroventral margin with 13-14 spinous bristles; medial surface

hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure lOi): Proximal and distal

groups with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each bristle

with 2 to 4 bells. Terminus consisting of opposing

combs, each with about 12 opposing teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; posterior 3

claws bristle-like; claws 1 and 2 with hairs along

convex margins; teeth along concave margins of

claws 1-3 consisting of 4 or 5 short teeth forming

row between longer teeth.

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate with rounded tip

(Figures 10;, lie).

Eyes: Lateral eye smaller than medial eye, with

about 13 ommatidia (Figures 10&, 116); hairs not

observed on medial eye (Figures 10;, lie).

Posterior (Figure We): Dorsum forming evenly

rounded margin with long hairs; sclerotized crescents such as those on male not observed.

Upper lip (Figures 10/, lid): Upper lip consisting of 2 hirsute lobes, each with 2 anterior

spines; lateral hirsute flaps present on each side

of lobes.

Y-sclerite: Similar to that on male of P. beta.

Eggs: Klie specimen number 6 with 7 eggs in

marsupium (Figure lla).

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 7, 11/-

k).—Carapace differing from that of female in not
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

being tumid, in having anterior margin of rostrum

more broadly rounded, and in having long hairs

forming verticle row near the posterior margin

(Figure 11/).

Infold: Not examined.

Size (Figure 7): Allotype, Klie specimen number 7, length 1.02 mm, height 0.65 mm.

First antenna (Figure llg): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines forming rows on lateral and medial

surfaces; 2nd joint with 1 long spinous dorsal

bristle and 1 short spinous lateral bristle; 3rd joint

with small ventral bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles (4th and 5th bristles adjacent to each

other; short space between 1st and 2nd bristles);

4th joint with concave distal margins on both

lateral and medial sides; dorsal margin of 4th joint

with 1 long stout bristle with short marginal

spines; ventral margin with 2 short bristles about

one-half length of ventral margin of 4th joint;

stout hirsute sensory bristle of 5th joint wedged

between ventral corners of 4th and 6th joints; medial bristle of 6th joint with short marginal spines;

sclerotized ventral margin of 6th joint with break

in sclerotization near middle of joint (possibly

indicating separation between 5th and 6th joints);

sclerotized dorsal margin with slight thinning opposite break in sclerotization of ventral margin.

Seventh joint: a-claw about same length as bristle

of 6th joint, with minute teeth along dorsal margin; b-bristle extending past a-claw, with 5 filaments excluding tip; c-bristle broken, with only 7

short filaments on remaining part, but base about

same thickness as c-bristle on female indicating

bristle may not be long like on males in most other

species of genus. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; ebristle bare, about same length as b-bristle; fbristle broken, bent dorsally, with 3 filaments on

remaining part; g-bristle broken, but base about

same thickness as g-bristle of female indicating

that bristle may not be long like on males of most

species in the genus.

Second antenna (Figure l\h): Protopodite with

small distal bristle but without spines on medial

or lateral surfaces. Endopodite 3-jointed: 1st joint

elongate without bristles; 2nd joint longer than

1st with 3 short distal bristles (bristles decreasing

in length distally along joint); 3rd joint with proximal bristle and 6 terminal ridges. Exopodite broken

on both limbs; remaining part of exopodite of

right limb with 6 joints; 2nd joint only slightly

longer than 3rd joint; bristle of 2nd joint with

spines along ventral margin; bristles of joints 3-6

with natatory hairs, and spines along ventral margins; joints 2-6 with short spines forming row

along distal margins; basal spines not seen with

certainty.

Mandible: Coxale endite: small slender branch

present near base of ventral branch; ventral

branch with 4 oblique rows of spines; tip of ventral branch with 4 slender spines; ventral margin

of dorsal branch with 1 pair of rounded nodes followed by 5 acuminate nodes decreasing in height

distally along branch; tip of branch similar to that

of female except main spine more prominent;

bristle on dorsal margin of dorsal branch broken

off but with base some distance from tip of branch.

Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles,

1 long dwarf bristle (about same length as adjacent triaenid bristle), 3 triaenid bristles with 3-4

pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair,

and with small glandular peg; ventral margin of

basale proximal to U-shaped depression with 1

minute bristle with distal part more slender than

proximal part; dorsal margin of basale with 2 long

spinous terminal bristles; medial surface of basale

with spines mostly on dorsal half. Exopodite and

1st endopodite joint similar to those of female

mandible. Ventral margin of 2nd endopodial joint

with 3 long spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short and 1 medium proximal bristle,

otherwise similar to that of female mandible.

Maxilla: Right maxilla of specimen examined

with short slender bristle midway between proximal and terminal bristles on ventral margin of

basale, otherwise similar to that of female. Left

maxilla similar to that of female.

Fifth limb (Figure Hi): Similar to that of

female.

Sixth limb: Similar to that of female except

both limbs with 13 posteroventral bristles.

Seventh limb, furca, rod-shaped organ (Figure

11;), Y-sderite, upper lip (Figure lid): Similar to

that of female.

Eyes: Lateral eye same size as that of female,

with 14 ommatidia (Figure 11;); medial eye similar to that of female except hairs observed on dorsal margin (Figure 11;).

Posterior: Similar to that of female except with

3 small lateral sclerotized crescents with short

spines (Figure 11 k).
NUMBER 214 23

Copulatory organ: Consisting of long L-shaped

lobes, each with short bristle near tip (Figure 11/).

Sexual dimorphism: The 2nd joint on the exopodite of the 2nd antenna of the adult male of P.

kappa is only slightly longer than the 3rd joint.

On adult males of most species of Parasterope the

2nd joint is considerably longer than the 3rd. Unfortunately, the c- and g-bristles of the 1st antennae of the only male P. kappa in the collection

are broken, but their slender bases suggest that

they may not be extremely long like on adult

males of most other species of Parasterope.

Comparisons: The combination of a short bare

bristle on the ventral margin of the mandibular

basale proximal to the U-shaped depression, the

small size of the carapace, and the number of

ommatidia in the lateral eyes of the male and female (13-14) distinguishes P. kappa from other

species in the genus.

CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850

CYPRIDININAE Baird, 1850

Paradoloria Foulsen, 1962

Three species in the vicinity of South Africa and

South-West Africa have been referred to the genus

Paradoloria (Poulsen, 1962:147-149): P. dorsoserrata (Miiller, 1908), P. vanhoeffeni (Miiller,

1908), and P. capensis (Cleve, 1905). The description of P. capensis is inadequate to refer it to

Paradoloria with certainty (Poulsen, 1962:147;

Kornicker, 1975:141).

Paradoloria dorsoserrata (G. W. Miiller, 1908)

FICURES 12-24

Cypridina dorsoserrata G. W. Miiller, 1908:83-84, pi. 4: figs.

1-3, 5-10; 1912:10[key], 11 —Klie, 1940:406.

Cypridina (Vargula) dorsoserrata G. W. Miiller.—Skogsberg,

1920:247 [by implication].

Paradoloria dorsoserrata (G. W. Miiller).—Poulsen, 1962

[part]: 147.—Hanai, 1974:119.—Hartmann and Schroder,

1975:360, table 4.

Cypridina (Paradoloria) dorsoserrata G. W. Miiller.—Hartmann and Schroder, 1974a: 70.

Not Paradoloria dorsoserrata (G. W. Miiller).—Poulsen, 1962:

149-152, fig. 76.

HOLOTYPE.—None selected. Syntypes—109 specimens in the Berlin Zoological Museum, catalog

number 19097.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Simonstown, Union of South

Africa, 35°15'S, 19°45'E, bottom sample.

DISTRIBUTION.—In addition to the type-locality,

the species has been reported from Langebaan,

Veiddrift, and Kometje, Union of South Africa,

by Hartmann and Schroder (1975:360, table 4),

and from Liideritz Bay, South-West Africa, by

Klie (1940:406) and Hartmann and Schroder

(1975:360, table 4).

MATERIAL.—Through the courtesy of Dr. H. -E.

Gruner, I received from the Berlin Zoological

Museum a vial containing 2 labels, "Gaussexp.

166-Simonst.," and "Types, Kat. Nr. 19097, Species

Cypridina dorsoserrata G. W. Miiller, 1908, Fundort Simonstown, South Africa, Biotop 35°15'S,

19°45'E, bottom sample, gesammelt von l.VII.

1903, Dat. Deutsche Siidpolar Exp., determiniert

von G. W. Muller." The vial contained 109 specimens and 1 larval clam. I dissected 2 adult females

designated herein "Muller female specimen number 1 and number 2," and 1 adult male designated

herein "Muller male specimen number 1," and

partly dissected 1 adult male designated herein

"Muller male specimen number 2" and 1 female

designated "Muller female specimen number 5."

Also partly dissected were 1 A-l male and 1 A-2

?male. All specimens were returned to the Berlin

Zoological Museum.

I received from the Hamburg Zoological Museum through Dr. Gerd Hartmann a vial containing 3 labels: " $ "; "07"; "Asterope millleri Skogsberg, D. S. W. Africa: Liideritz Bucht, February

1938. Coll. v. Levetzow." The vial contained in

Key to Species of Paradoloria

(in the vicinity of South-West Africa and South Africa)

1. 2nd claw of furca not separated from lamella by suture P. vanhoeffeni (Muller 1908)

2nd claw of furca separated from lamella by suture 2

2. Carapace length less than 2.2 mm P. dorsoserrata (Muller 1908)

Carapace length more than 2.6 mm P. capensis (Cleve, 1905)
24

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 12.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 1, adult female

with 1 female choniostomatid copepod and 15 copepod egg clones within carapace, syntype, length

1.99 mm: a, specimen showing outline of lateral eye. Miiller female specimen number 2, adult

female with large unextruded eggs, syntype, length 2.02 mm: b, complete specimen showing outline of lateral eye: c, left 1st antenna, lateral view; d, exopodite of right second antenna, lateral

view; e, distal part of protopodite and endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view. (Same

magnification in micrometers: c-e.)
NUMBER 214 25

addition to 72 cylindroleberids, 1 juvenile cypridinid, which I have identified as Paradoloria dorsoserrata. The specimen was returned to the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 12, 13a-/, 14-

17).—Carapace smooth, oval in lateral view with

caudal process hardly differentiatable from smooth

curvature of posterior valve outline; incisur small

(Figures \2a,b, 13a).

Infold (Figure 13a-/): Broad in area of rostrum

and caudal process, narrower elsewhere; infold behind rostrum with about 32 long bristles and several minute bristles; 2 long bristles present at

inner edge of upper margin of incisur; 1 short bristle on infold posterior to inner end of incisur;

anteroventral infold with about 50 closely spaced

bristles forming row; posterior edge of list along

anterior margin of infold of caudal process with

about 25 minute processes or bristles (Figure 13ce); outer edge of infold of caudal process with

about 18 pores (Figure 13c,/).

Selvage: Lamella prolongation with smooth

outer margin present along anterior and ventral

margins (Figure 13a,6).

Size: Miiller female specimen number 1,

length 1.99 mm, height 1.27 mm; Muller female

specimen number 2, length 2.02 mm, height 1.23

mm; Muller female specimen number 5, length

2.01 mm, height 1.22 mm (not dissected). Muller

(1908:84) gave the length as 2 mm.

First antenna (Figure 12c): 1st joint bare; 2nd

joint with spines along ventral and dorsal margins

and on lateral surface; 3rd and 4th joints each

with 2 spinous bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; sensory

bristle on 5th joint with 12 long marginal filaments

and bifurcate tip; medial bristle of 6th joint short,

spinous. Seventh joint: a-bristle short spinous; bbristle slightly shorter than d-bristle, with 4 denticulate proximal filaments; c-bristle broken with

about 5 marginal filaments, some pectinate, on

remaining part. Eighth joint: d- and e-bristles

bare, about half length of sensory bristle; f- and

g-bristles longer than sensory bristle, with about

7 marginal filaments, some pectinate, and bifurcate tip (number of filaments on bristles of end

joints not accurately determined on specimen

examined).

Second antenna (Figure \2d,e): Protopodite

with spinous medial bristle (Figure 12c). Endopodite 2-jointed (no indication of a 3rd joint)

(Figure 12e): 1st joint with 2 long bristles with

few marginal spines and 3 short bristles; 2nd joint

elongate with long bare terminal filament. Exopodite (Figure 12d): bristle of 2nd joint not reaching end of exopodite; bristle with about 33 ventral

spines and a few faint dorsal spines; 9th joint with

4 bristles, 2 long, 1 medium, 1 short (short bristle

with short marginal spines, others with long natatory hairs); bristles of joints 2-8 with natatory

hairs, no spines; joints 3-8 with basal spines increasing in length on distal joints; joints 2-8 with

faint triangular spines forming row along distal

margin.

Mandible (Figure 14a): Coxale endite spinous

with short peg present between 2 stout terminal

spines; minute bristle present at base of endite.

Basale: ventral margin with 3 a-bristles (medial),

1 short b-bristle (lateral near a-bristles), 1-2 cbristles (1 short c-bristle on left limb, 1 short and

1 medium on right), and 2 spinous d-bristles; dorsal margin with 1 spinous bristle near middle and

2 terminal; medial surface with long hairs. Exopodite hirsute, almost reaching end of 1st endopodite

joint, with 2 spinous bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint

with 4 spinous ventral bristles, 2 long, 2 short;

dorsal margin of 2nd joint with about 13 short

bristles and 7 longer bristles; ventral margin of

2nd joint with 2 single short slender bristles and

terminal group with 2 slender equilength bristles;

end joint with 3 claws and 4 bristles; each claw

with few teeth along concave margin.

Maxilla (Figure 146): Similar to maxilla of

male.

Fifth limb (Figure 15): Epipodial appendage

with 52 bristles; protopodite with undulate anterior process and single anterior spinous bristle inward from it (bristle could be on 1st exopodite

joint); 1st exopodite joint with 3 anterior bristles

forming group and main tooth with proximal peg

and 6 pectinate teeth; 1 spinous bristle proximal

to peg; 2nd joint with 1 spinous proximal posterior bristle, 4 pectinate a-bristles, and 6 pectinate

b-bristles; inner lobe of 3rd joint with 3 bristles;

outer lobe with 2 bristles; 4th and 5th joints

fused, separated by hirsute process; 4th joint with

3 bristles, 5th joint with 2.

Sixth limb (Figure 16a): Epipodial appendage

represented by 4 bare bristles; endite I with 4

bristles, 2 medial, 2 terminal; endite II with 5

bristles, 3 medial, 2 terminal; endite III with 5 bris-
26

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 2, adult female,

syntype, length 2.02 mm, left valve, medial view: a, complete valve, anterior to right X 50;

b, anterior end showing lamellar prolongation of selvage in vicinity of incisur, X 200; c, part

of infold of caudal process, X 1000; d, dorsal end of caudal process showing knob on end of

list that fits into socket on right valve, X 1000; e, detail of d showing bristle on list shown

X 10,000; /, detail of d showing pore near posterior edge of valve, X 15,000. Miiller male

specimen number I, adult male, syntype, length 2.05 mm, right valve: g, complete valve, medial

view, anterior to left, X 50; h, caudal process, medial view, X 100; i, detail of h showing 2

bristles on list of caudal process, X 2500; /, fringed outer edge of lamellar prolongation along

upper edge of incisur, medial view, X 16,000; k, noded pore and bristle on lateral side of valve,

note minute simple satellite pore to upper right of noded pore, X 3000; /, detail of k showing noded pore and satellite pore, X 12,000. (Photos reduced to 50% for publication.)
NUMBER 214 27

50

FIGURE 14.—Paradoloria dorsosetrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 2 (continued):

a, left mandible, medial view; b, right maxilla, medial view.
28

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 15.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 2 (continued):

5th limb.
NUMBER 214 29

FIGURE 16.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 2 (continued):

a, left 6th limb, medial view; b, 7th limb; c, tip of opposing 7th limb; d, posterior of body

showing left lamella of furca and genitalia; e, anterior part of body showing right lateral eye,

medial eye, rod-shaped organ, and 3-pronged anterior process. (Same magnification in

micrometers: a,b.)

ties, 1 medial, 4 terminal; endite IV with 7 bristles,

1 medial, 6 terminal; end joint with 14-17 bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure \hb,c): Limb with 35 bristles, each with 3-5 bells. Terminal comb with 4

flat-tipped teeth on each side of 3 or 4 roundtipped teeth; jaw opposite comb bare.

Furca (Figure 16d): Each lamella with 11 claws,

all separated from lamella by a suture; claws decrease in length posteriorly along the lamella;

claw 4 slightly more slender at base than claw 5

and slightly longer; all claws with teeth forming

row along concave posterior margins; claw 1 with

medial teeth forming row.

Rod-shaped organ and eyes (Figure 16e): Rodshaped organ short, tapering to point; medial eye

lightly pigmented, bare; lateral eye pigmented,

larger than medial eye, with about 33 ommatidia.

Upper lip: Consisting of unpaired anterior lobe

and 2 pairs of low posterior lobes, all lobes with

glandular openings.

Posterior (Figure 16d): Evenly rounded without large serrations present on male.

Anterior (Figure 16e): 2- or 3-pronged anterior

process present.

Genitalia (Figures 16d, 17): Consisting of 2

paired lobes (one of the lobes interpreted herein

to be a spermatophore).

Eggs: Miiller specimen number 2 with rosette
30

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller female specimen number 2 (continued),

genitalia: a, anterior? view, spermatophores? indicated by arrows, X 300; b, detail of middle

part of a, X 900; c, posterior? view, spermatophore? indicated by arrows, X 300; d, detail of

left side of c, orientation slightly different than in c, spermatophore? indicated by arrow,

X 625; e, detail of spermatophore? (arrow) on left of d, oriented differently than on d, X

625; /, spermatophore? (arrow) on right side of c, X 550. (Photos reduced 75% for publication.)
NUMBER 214 31

of 9 unextruded large eggs on each side of body

(18 total).

Parasites: Miiller specimen number 1 with 1

female copepod and 15 copepod egg clones within

posterodorsal part of carapace.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE (Figures \Sg-k, 18-22).—

Carapace similar in shape to that of female except

for caudal process being slightly more prominent

(Figures 13g, 18a).

Infold (Figure \3h,i): Infold behind rostrum

similar to that of female except only 24 bristles

counted; posterior edge of list of posterior infold

minutely uneven, otherwise similar to that of female (Figure 13*).

Selvage: Outer edge of lamellar prolongation

along upper edge of incisur minutely serrate (Figure 13;).

Central muscle scars: Consisting of 10-12 ovoid

or elongate individual scars (Figure \8b,c).

Pores: Outer surface of carapace with 2 types

of pores: 1, a rimmed pore containing a bristle

and off-center node (Figure lSk,l), and 2, a simple

pore without bristle or rim and much smaller than

the rimmed pore (Figure I5k,l).

Size: Miiller male specimen number 1, length

2.05 mm, height 1.32 mm; specimen number 2,

length 2.05 mm, height 1.31 mm; 2 undissected

specimens: length 2.06 mm, height 1.35 mm;

length 2.02 mm, height 1.31 mm.

First antenna (Figure ISd): Joints 1-6 similar

to those of female. Seventh joint: a-bristle about

same length as bristle of 6th joint; b-bristle with

proximal process having bulbous base, large disc

near middle, and small triangular process between

disc and pointed tip of process; main part of bbristle with long filament near middle having

spine followed by 3 small discs at tip; a similar

filament present near tip of b-bristle and extending well past tip (unusual); 2 short filaments present on b-bristle near base of distal long filament;

c-bristle with stout proximal process similar to that

on b-bristle, but with disc almost twice diameter of

disc on b-bristle; remaining part of c-bristle with 2

filaments (1 near middle, 1 subterminal) having

small proximal spines followed by 3 small discs;

short marginal filaments also present between middle of c-bristle and its bifurcate tip. Eighth joint:

d- and e-bristles bare, about one-half length of bbristle; f- and g-bristles about same length as cbristle, with about 9 marginal filaments (some

pectinate) and bifurcate tip.

Second antenna (Figure \Se,f): Similar to that

of female; ventral margin of bristle on 2nd joint

of exopodite with 27 spines.

Mandible (Figure 19a): Similar to that of

female.

Maxilla (Figure 19&): Endite I with about 11

spinous bristles; endite II with about 9 bristles;

endite III with 1 proximal bristle and about 6

terminal bristles. Precoxale and coxale with hirsute transparent dorsal epipodial appendage; coxale with long slender dorsal bristle with long hairs

restricted to proximal part and short spines distally; basale with 1 long slender bristle on dorsal

margin near border with endopodite and 1 shorter

bristle near inner margin and also at border with

endopodite; exopodite long with 3 bristles (see

illustration of maxilla of female). Endopodite:

1st joint spinous, especially along dorsal (anterior)

margin, with 2 alpha-bristles (1 with long hairs,

1 with short spines) and 3 beta-bristles (1 long

pectinate, 2 short bare, or with few faint marginal

spines); end joint with 4 a-bristles (each with

minute teeth along posterior margins), 3 strongly

pectinate b-bristles; 3 c-bristles (2 strongly pectinate, 1 short with few small teeth), and 3 strongly

pectinate d-bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 206): Similar to that of female; 3 endites with 3-6 bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 20c): Epipodial appendage

represented by 3 or 4 bare bristles; endites similar

to those of female 6th limb; end joint with 14-18

spinous and hirsute bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure 20d,e): Each limb with

34 or 35 bristles, each with 3-5 (rarely 1) bells.

Terminal comb similar to that of female; jaw opposite comb with small spinous process (not observed on female).

Furca (Figures 20/, 21g-/): Similar to that of

female.

Rod-shaped organ and eyes: Rod-shaped organ

and medial eye similar to those of female (Figures

18g, 21a,/). Lateral eye about one-third larger

than that of female, with about same number of

ommatidia (Figures 18g, 2\a,k).

Upper lip (Figures 18g, 22a-h): Similar to that

of female. The SEM photographs show a 3rd lobe

containing 1 glandular opening in addition to the

2 paired lobes visible with the light microscope

(Figure 22c,d,f), and also, the closely spaced hairs
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 18.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller male specimen number 1, syntype, length

2.05 mm: a, complete specimen showing outline of lateral eye; b, sketch of central adductor

muscle scars of left valve, lateral view; c, sketch of central adductor muscle scars of right valve,

lateral view; d, left 1st antenna, medial view; e, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view;

/, exopodite of right 2nd antenna, lateral view (bristles not shown); g, anterior of body showing outline of right lateral eye, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, bifurcate anterior process,

and upper lip. (Same magnification in micrometers: d,g; e,f.)
NUMBER 214 33

FIGURE 19.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller male specimen number 1 (continued):

a, right mandible, medial view; b, right maxilla, lateral view.
34

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

\ b

FIGURE 20.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller male specimen number 1 (continued):

a, end joint of left maxilla, medial view; b, distal part of right 5th limb, anterior view; c, left

6th limb, medial view; d, 7th limb; e, detail of tip of 7th limb shown in d; f, right furcal

lamella and outline of copulatory organ; g, posterior margin of body, anterior to right. (Same

magnification in micrometers: a,e; b-d; fg.)
FIGURE 21.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller male specimen number 1 (continued):

a, part of body showing medial eye and rod-shaped organ (a), lateral eye (b), copulatory

organ (c), furca (d), and serrate posterior margin of body (e), X 50; b, copulatory organ and

furca, X 150; c, copulatory organ (white object near middle is debris), X 360; d, detail from

c showing penis? (see arrow in c), X 1100; e, detail from d showing tip of penis?, note 3 pores

near middle of photograph, X 8400; /, tip of copulatory organ viewed from anterior and above

showing penis? (arrow), X 360; g, anterior claws of furca, X 550; h, medial view of tip of

claw 1 of right lamella (above), and lateral view of claw 1 of left lamella (below), X 1100;

i, posterior 2 claws of left and right lamella, note teeth on margin of left lamella following

claws (to right of claws on photograph), X 1700; /, medial eye and rod-shaped organ, X 400;

k, left lateral eye, anterior toward left, X 300; /, serrate posterior margin of body, anterior

toward left, X 210. (Photos reduced to 54% for publication.)
36

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 22.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Miiller male specimen number 2, (continued):

a, bifurcate anterior process and upper lip, lateral view, X 230; b, same anterior view, X 230;

c, upper lip, ventral view, anterior to right, X 280; d, detail from c showing posterior openings

of right segment, X 1250; e, detail from d showing glandular opening, X 7000; /, detail of

c showing posterior openings of left segment, X 1250; g, detail from a showing transition

between part of upper lip with glandular openings (toward left) and globose posterior part,

note difference in surface texture, X 750; h, hirsute surface of posterior globose part of upper

lip, X 2000; i, detail from a showing bifurcate anterior process, X 1150; ;", detail from i (see

arrow) showing pit above anterior process, X 6000; k, anterior view of bifurcate anterior

process, X 1150; /, detail from k showing upper spine of anterior process, X 4000. (Photos

reduced to 44i/2% for publication.)
NUMBER 214 37

on the lobe posterior to the glandular lobes (Figure 22g,i).

Posterior (Figures 20g, 2\a,l, 23/): Margin serrate with some serrations tapering to point; on

some specimens serrations longer than on others

(compare Figure 20g with Figure 23/).

Anterior (Figures 18g, 22a,i,k,l): 2-pronged

process present. (The SEM photographs revealed

a pit above the anterior process (Figure 22/.)

Genitalia (Figures 20/, 21a-/): Each copulatory

limb consisting of short triangular lobe with 2

minute bristles and inner lobe with elongate process with pointed toothlike tip (Figure 21a-/);

toothlike tip with minute teeth and 3 pores (Figure 2\e).

Parasites: Miiller male specimen number 2 with

1 female copepod in posterodorsal part of shell.

DESCRIPTION OF A-I MALE, MULLER SPECIMEN

NUMBER 3 (Figure 23c-e).—Carapace in lateral

view similar to that of adult female (Figure 23c);

length 1.71 mm, height 1.11 mm.

Second antenna: Similar to that of adult male

except fewer short bristles on 1st joint of endopodite.

Seventh limb: With 27 tapered bristles and single peg opposite comb.

Furca: Similar to that of adult male except

with only 10 claws.

Genitalia (Figure 23e): Weakly developed as

large anterior and small posterior lobe; anterior

lobe with 3 short bristles.

Lateral eye: Well developed.

Posterior: Margin very weakly undulate (Figure 23d).

DESCRIPTION OF A-2 ?MALE, MULLER SPECIMEN

NUMBER 4 (Figure 23a,&).—Carapace in lateral

view similar to that of adult female (Figure 23a);

length 1.32 mm, height 0.87 mm.

Second antenna: Similar to that of A-l male,

but endopodite may not have bristles on 1st joint.

Sixth limb: Well developed with many bristles.

Seventh limb: With 11 tapered bristles and single peg opposite comb.

Furca: Aberrant on specimen examined; left

lamellar with 8 claws, claw 6 longer than others;

right lamella also with 8 claws, but claw 2 shorter

than claw 3, and a long claw with base on inner

side of lamellar present proximal to claw 3.

Genitalia: Not developed.

Lateral eye: Well developed.

Posterior: Margin smooth (Figure 23&).

Note: Specimen examined assumed to be a male

because of the presence on the 7th limb of a peg

opposite the comb.

DESCRIPTION OF A JUVENILE ?MALE, KLIE SPECIMEN FROM LUDERITZ BAY, (see "Material," page

FIGURE 23.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Muller), Muller specimen number 4, A-2 ?male, syntype,

length 1.32 mm: a, complete specimen showing outline of lateral eye; b, posterior of body,

anterior to left. Muller specimen number 3, A-l male, syntype, length 1.71 mm: c, outline of

complete specimen; d, posterior of body, anterior to right; e, right copulatory organ, anterior to

right. Muller male specimen number 2, adult male, syntype, length 2.05 mm: /, posterior of

animal (stippled) shown inside the shell. (Same magnification in micrometers: b,d.)
38

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

N

FIGURE 24.—Paradoloria dorsoserrata (Miiller), Klic specimen number 4, juvenile ?male, length

1.50 mm: a, complete specimen showing outline of right lateral eye; b, left furcal lamella; c,

left lateral eye, anterior toward left; d, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; e, upper lip, anterior

to left. (Same magnification in micrometers: b,d,e.)

23) (Figure 24).—Carapace similar to that of A-l

male described above (Figure 24a); length 1.50

mm, height 1.01 mm.

Second antenna: Similar to that of adult male

but with only 2 long bristles and 1 short bristle on

1st endopodite joint.

Seventh limb: Each limb with 11 tapered bristles and a single peg with small teeth on inner

margin opposite comb.

Furca (Figure 24&): Similar to that of adult

male but with only 9 claws and claw 3 shorter

than claw 4.

Genitalia: Absent.

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ (Figure 24d):

Similar to that of adult male.

Lateral eye: Well developed (Figure 24c).

Posterior: Margin very weakly undulate.

Upper lip (Figure 24e): Similar to that of adult

male.

Remarks: The presence of a peg opposite the

comb of the 7th limb suggests that the specimen

is a male, but no copulatory organ was observed.

The 7th limb contained about the same number

of bristles present on the A-2 ?male described

above, but that specimen had a smaller carapace.

I have tentatively identified the specimen as P.

dorsoserrata; however, it will be necessary to examine adult males and females of specimens identified by Klie as P. dorsoserrata in order to verify

his identification.

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM.—In addition to usual

dimorphic characters such as differences in the 1st

antennae, the following differences were observed.

Carapace: Caudal process of male carapace

slightly more prominent than that of female.

Seventh limb: Terminal jaw bare on female,

with spinous process on male.

Posterior: Smooth on female, serrate on male.

Lateral eye: Slightly larger on male.

REMARKS CONCERNING SPECIMENS FROM JAPAN

REFERRED TO P. dorsoserrata BY POULSEN (1962).—

Because of differences in the endopodite of the

2nd antenna, number of furcal claws, and the posterior margin of the body of the male, I concur

with Hanai (1974) that the Japanese and South

African forms are not conspecific. The Japanese

forms were correctly referred by Hanai (1974:119)

to Paradoloria pellucida (Kajiyama, 1912).
Literature Cited

Baird, W.

1850. The Natural History of the British Entomostraca,

viii + 364 pages, 36 plates. London. [Printed for the

Ray Society.]

Cleve, P. T.

1905. The Plankton of the South African Seas, IV: Cypridinae. Marine Investigations in South Africa, IV:

133-138, plates 7-9.

Hanai, Tetsuro

1974. Notes on the Taxonomy of Japanese Cypridinids.

Pages 117-126 in volume VI of Van Den Bold,

editor, Geoscience and Man. School of Geoscience,

Louisiana State University.

Hartmann G., and G. Hartmann-Schroder

1974a. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen Westkiiste zwischen Angola und Kap der Guter Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostkiiste von Siidafrika

und Mozambique unter besonder Beriicksichtigung

der Polychaeten und Ostracoden, Part I: Beschreibung der Lebesraume, Okologie und Zoogeographie.

Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Museum und

Institut, 69:5-94, figures 1-7.

1974b. Zur Kenntnis des Eulitorals der afrikanischen Westkiiste zwischen Angola und Kap der Guten Hoffnung und der afrikanischen Ostkiiste von Siidafrika

un Mocambique unter besonder Beriicksichtigung

der Polychaeten und Ostracoden, Part III: Die

Ostracoden des Untersuchungsgebeits. Mitteilungen

aus dem Hamburgischen Museum und Institut, 69:

229-520, figures 1-151.

1975. Zoogeography and Biology of Littoral Ostracoda

from South Africa, Angola, and Mozambique. Pages

353-367 in Swain, Kornicker, Lundin, editors, Biology and Paleobiology of Ostracoda. Bulletins of

American Paleontology, 65(282):687 pages.

Kajiyama, Eiji

1912. The Ostracoda of Misaki, 2: Myodocopa. Dobutsugaku-zasshi, 24(289):609-619, plate 9. [In Japanese;

from dissertation.]

Klie, Walter

1940. Beitrage zur Fauna Eulitorals von Deutsch-SiidwestAfrikas. Klieler Meeresforschungen, 111:403-448.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

Publications of the Institute of Marine Science,

5:194-300, 89 figures.

1974. Revision of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

178:1-64, 26 figures.

1975. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163:1-720, 432 figures, 9

plates.

Kornicker, Louis S., and Francisca Elena Caraion

1974. West African Myodocopid Ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

179:1-78, 43 figures.

Muller, G. W.

1908. Die Ostracoden der Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition,

1901-1903, 19(2):54-178.

1912. Ostracoda. Volume 31 in Das Tierreich. xxxiii+434

pages, 92 figures. Berlin: Varleg R. Friedlander und

Sohn.

Poulsen, E. M.

1962. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 1: Cypridinformes-Cypridinidae. In Dana Report, 57:1-414, 181 figures. Copenhagen: Carlsberg Foundation.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, II: Cypridiniformes-Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. In Dana

Report, 65:1-484, 156 figures. Copenhagen: Carlsberg Foundation.

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