CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

CHAPTER 5

CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

INTRODUCTION 

The Jack Morrow Hills CAP was prepared by an interdisciplinary team of specialists from the Rock Springs Field 

Office, and the Wyoming State Office (Table 5-1). Reviews 

and accuracy and consistency were provided by both the field 

office and the state office staffs. 

Consultation, coordination, and public involvement have 

occurred throughout the process through public meetings, 

informal meetings, individual contacts, news releases, and 

Federal Register notices. 

Initial steps in the process began in 1997 with the development of a preparation plan. Other early efforts included 

research, inventory, analysis, and interagency coordination. 

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 

A public participation plan was prepared to ensure that the 

public would have numerous opportunities to be actively 

involved in the planning and environmental process. Formal 

and informal input has been encouraged and used. 

A scoping notice was mailed out to the public in January of 

1998. A Notice of Intent to prepare the Cap was published in 

the Federal Register of February 5, 1998. Open houses were 

held during February 1998 in Lander and Rock Springs, 

Wyoming and again in February of 1999. Two field tours 

were conducted in September and October of 1998, providing 

a field review of the area. 

Each operator of a grazing allotment has been contacted 

either in person or in writing to discuss standards and guidelines review of their allotment. 

BLM personnel have met formally or informally with 

many members of the ranching and minerals industries and 

with other interest groups and agencies. A summary of 

comments generated from these meetings is on file in the Rock 

Springs Field Office. 

A total of 197 comment letters were received during the 

scoping process. Comment points included concern for 

addressing wildlife resources, cultural resources, visual quality, air quality, water quality, recreation use, socioeconomic 

affects, vegetation and livestock grazing, minerals management, and recommendations for transportation planning. 

CONSISTENCY 

Coordination with other agencies and consistency with 

other plans was accomplished through frequent communications and cooperative efforts between the BLM and involved 

federal, state, and local agencies and organizations (Table 5-

2). 

The Wyoming Governor’s Clearinghouse receives 20 copies of this draft document for review to ensure consistency 

with ongoing State plans. The interdisciplinary team reviews 

county land use plans to ensure consistency. Meetings are 

held with the respective county planners and commissioners 

to promote greater understanding of goals, objectives, and 

resources of both the counties and the BLM. 

CONSULTATION AND 

COORDINATION 

Members of the interdisciplinary team have consulted 

formally or informally with numerous agencies, groups, and 

individuals in the CAP development process. The following 

list is representative of the businesses, agencies, organizations, and individuals who have indicated an interest in the 

JMHCAP and who have been contacted during the planning 

process. This list is not all-inclusive. A complete list is on file 

in the Rock Springs Field Office. 

Meetings were held with and Sweetwater and Fremont 

County representatives. 

Meetings and communications occurred throughout the 

preparation of the DEIS with the Wyoming State Clearinghouse. 

The USFWS was contacted for Section 7 consultation and 

threatened and endangered species lists and initial screens in 

December 1998. An updated species list was received in 

October 1999. Meetings and communications also occurred 

throughout the preparation of the DEIS. 

As part of the general scoping process, scoping letters were 

sent to the Northern Arapaho, Eastern Shoshone, ShoshoneBannock, and Ute tribes, and to the Medicine Wheel Alliance. 

These letters described the JMHCAP project and asked for 

information and input. Additionally, in the spring of 1998, 

written communication was initiated with the four tribes. 

Letters were sent to the tribes requesting assistance in obtaining cultural resource management information for the planning area. BLM officials Bernard Weynand and Russel 

Tanner also met with the Medicine Wheel Alliance in June of 

1998. They outlined the JMHCAP effort to several elders at 

the meeting. As a result of this meeting, a tour with representatives of the Eastern Shoshone tribe was scheduled to identify 

the kinds of places that might be of concern to Native American peoples. A field tour was conducted with tribal representatives Haman Wise and Delphine Clair, in September 1998. 

As a result of this tour, areas noted as “respected places” were 

identified. Management recommendations were identified 

and used in the alternative formulation process. Following the 

field trips, staff archaeologists Russel Tanner, Terry Del 

Bene, Haman Wise, and Delphine Clair met and discussed 

Native American concerns both in general and relative to 

several specific sites such as rock art sites, petroglyphs, and 

altar and stone circle sites. Information gathered from these 

field trips and meetings was used in formulating management 

recommendations for rock art sites, the Steamboat Mountain 

477
CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION

area, Monument Ridge, Steamboat Rim, stone circles, and 

altar sites. 

Since 1986, Native Americans (i.e., Haman Wise, John 

Tarnesse, and Delphine Clair) have been taken on tours of 

sites in the Rock Springs Field Office area that could be of 

concern to Native Americans relative to proposed developments. The other tribes (Northern Arapaho, ShoshoneBannock, and Ute tribes) are known to have had a major 

presence in the area in historic times (i.e., 1650-1900) and 

have been invited to participate in all of the tours; however, 

they either did not respond to our invitation or indicated that 

the Eastern Shoshone could take the “lead.” 

Federal Agencies 

Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Bureau of Land Management

Bureau of Reclamation

Fish and Wildlife Service

Geological Survey

National Park Service

Minerals Management Service

Office of Environmental Affairs

Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service 

Natural Resource Conservation Service 

Department of Commerce 

Department of Defense 

Department of Energy 

Department of Housing and Urban Development 

Department of Transportation 

Environmental Protection Agency 

State of Wyoming 

Department of Environmental Quality 

Game and Fish Department 

Geological Survey of Wyoming 

Governor of Wyoming 

State Clearinghouse 

State Department of Transportation 

State Engineer 

State Historic Preservation Office 

University of Wyoming 

Wyoming Recreation Commission 

Federal Elected Officials 

Congresswoman Barbara Cubin

Senator Craig Thomas

Senator Mike Enzi

State Elected Officials 

Senators and Representatives of Fremont, Sublette, 

and Sweetwater counties. 

Local Governments 

County governments of Fremont, Sublette, and

Sweetwater counties.

Mayors’ offices of Green River, Rock Springs, and

Superior.

Tribal Councils 

Northern Arapaho,

Eastern Shoshone,

Shoshone-Bannock, and

Ute Tribal Councils

Industry 

Black Butte Coal Co.

Bridger Coal Company

Chevron USA, Inc.

Exxon Company U.S.A.

Hunt Oil

Marathon Oil Co.

Pacific Power

Pacificorp

Questar Corporation

Questar Pipeline Co.

River Gas Corporation

Texaco Inc.

Texas Gulf, Inc.

Union Pacific Resources Co.

Associations and Interest Groups 

American Humane Association 

Animal Protection Institute of America 

Defenders of Wildlife 

Environmental Defense Fund 

Fund for Animals 

Greater Yellowstone Coalition 

Independent Petroleum Association of Mountain 

States 

National Wildlife Federation 

Natural Resources Defense Council 

Oregon-California Trails Association 

Petroleum Association of Wyoming 

Public Lands Advocacy 

Rock Springs Grazing Association 

Sierra Club 

Southwest Wyoming Industrial Association 

Sweetwater Economic Development Association 

(SWEDA) 

The Nature Conservancy 

Wilderness Society 

Wyoming Wildlife Federation 

Others 

Many individuals were contacted, including all range 

permittees, mining claimints, and lessees in the planning area. 

478
Agency 

FEDERAL AGENCIES: 

Department of the Interior 

Bureau of Reclamation 

Fish and Wildlife Service 

Geological Survey 

Minerals Management Service 

Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service 

Environmental Protection Agency 

STATE AGENCIES 

TABLE 5-1 

KEY COORDINATION ACTIONS 

Coordination/Responsibility 

Coordinate mineral leasing and other activities that affect lands that are 

administered by the BOR. Review the JMHCAP for consistency with BOR 

planning. 

Review actions affecting threatened or endangered species of fish, wildlife, 

or plants. Consultation and review. 

Review of JMHCAP for consistency with USGS planning. 

Review of JMHCAP for consistency with MMS planning. 

Coordinate mineral leasing and other activities that affect lands 

administered by USDA Forest Service. Review the JMHCAP for 

consistency with USDA Forest Service planning. 

Review of JMHCAP for consistency with the management actions. The 

proposed actions would also be discussed with the Wyoming State Forestry 

Division and other agencies involved in wild land fire management. 

Coordinate and cooperate with USDA Forest Service, DEQ, and EPA on 

monitoring and collecting of air quality data. 

Coordinate and cooperate with USDA Forest Service, DEQ, and EPA on 

monitoring and collecting of air quality data. 

BLM would cooperate with the State of Wyoming on the 208 plan and 

coordinate the development of water quality plans consistent with BLM 

programs and JMHCAP recommendations. 

BLM would coordinate with Wyoming DEQ and EPA on air quality 

standards and regulations that could affect BLM-managed activities. 

BLM would coordinate with Wyoming DEQ and EPA on the development 

of visibility standards and guidelines. 

BLM would coordinate and cooperate with USDA Forest Service, DEQ, and 

EPA on monitoring and collecting of air quality data. 

Vegetation manipulation projects would involve coordination with affected 

livestock operators and the Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 

Consultation and review with Wyoming Game and Fish Department. 

Coordinate and cooperate with WYDOT on transportation planning and 

highway access. 

Consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer on compliance 

with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act in accordance 

STATE AGENCIES (continued) 

479
with the National Programmatic Agreement, as implemented in the 

Wyoming Protocol to that agreement. 

COUNTY AGENCIES 

Fremont, Sublette, Review JMHCAP for consistency. 

Sweetwater Zoning. 

Access permits. 

Name Job Title CAP Responsibility 

Rock Springs Field Office 

Don Judice 

Rick Amidon 

Renée Dana 

Petroleum Engineer 

Wildlife Biologist 

Resource Advisor 

Team coordination, coordination 

with State Office, review of 

public comments, co-author, review 

and release of any public information 

Barbara Amidon Botanist Vegetation, Woodlands, Threatened 

and Endangered Plants 

Rick Amidon Wildlife Biologist Wildlife 

Mike Brown Public Affairs Officer Public Affairs, Socioeconomics 

Teri Deakins Environmental Protection Specialist NEPA Compliance 

Dennis Doncaster Hydrologist Watershed, Surface Water 

Jim Glennon Botanist Vegetation, Woodlands, Threatened 

and Endangered Plants 

Patricia Hamilton Realty Specialist Lands, Rights-of-Ways, Travel 

Management 

John Henderson Fisheries Biologist Riparian, Wetlands, Fisheries 

Don Judice Petroleum Engineer Fluid Minerals, GIS Technical 

Assistance 

Jon Kautt Rangeland Management Specialist Livestock Grazing 

Lorraine Keith Wildlife Biologist Wildlife 

John MacDonald Natural Resource Specialist Soils, Vegetation 

Lance Porter Rangeland Management Specialist Livestock Grazing 

George Schoenfeld Environmental Scientist Hazardous Materials 

Thor Stephenson Rangeland Management/Wild Horse 

Specialist 

Wild Horses 

Russ Tanner Archaeologist Cultural Resources 

Andy Tenney Outdoor Recreation Planner Recreation, Visual Resources, 

Off-Road Vehicle, Wilderness, ACECs, 

Transportation Planning 

480

TABLE 5-2 

LIST OF PREPARERS 
Name Job Title CAP Responsibility 

Tony Tezak Fire Control Officer Fire 

David Valenzuela Geologist Paleontology, Coal, Sodium, Salables, 

Locatables, Groundwater 

J. David Chase Geologist (Casper Field Office) Fluid Minerals, Drainage 

Dean Stilwell Geologist (Casper Field Office) Fluid Minerals, Drainage, Geologic 

Hazards 

Mary Apple Public Affairs Officer (Rawlins Field 

Office) 

Public Affairs 

Wyoming State Office 

Roy Allen Economist Socioeconomics 

Laurie Bryant Geologist Palentology 

Susan Caplan Physical Scientist Air Quality 

Jerry Carter Printing Specialist Printing 

Tom Enright Rangeland Management Specialist Livestock Grazing 

Don Glenn Rangeland Management Specialist Wild Horses 

Tamara Hammack Printing Technician Typesetting 

Jon Johnson Environmental Protection Specialist WSO planning and NEPA 

technical/policy guidance, and 

coordination of WSO Staff input and 

coordination among field and WSO 

Staffs 

Roger Lawrence Visual Information Specialist Illustrations 

Gretchen Meyer Natural Resource Specialist Remote Sensing 

Terri Mitchell Supervisory Cartographic Technician Manual Cartography 

Sheri Morris Printing Specialist Typesetting, Preflighting 

Larry Neasloney GIS Specialist GIS Technical Assistance, Mapping 

Joe Patti Natural Resource Specialist; Field 

Planning Coordinator 

WSO planning and NEPA 

technical/policy guidance, and 

coordination of WSO Staff input and 

coordination among field and WSO 

Staffs 

481
GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

Active Use. The current authorized use, including livestock 

grazing and conservation use. Active use may constitute a 

portion, or all, of permitted use. Active use does not include 

temporary nonuse or suspended use of forage within all or a 

portion of an allotment. 

Avoidance Areas. Areas on public lands where future rightsof-way may be granted only when no feasible alternative 

route or designated right-of-way corridor is available. 

Current Annual Growth. The amount of forage produced by 

a plant in one growing season. 

Disruptive Activities. The physical presence, sounds, and 

movements of people and their activities (on, below, or above 

the land surface) whether on foot, riding animals, or using 

non-motorized or motorized vehicles or equipment. 

The bulk of the concern for mitigation of disruptive activities 

is associated with the effects of human presence and activity 

on wildlife. That is, the effect that human presence, movements and sounds (including those of the equipment used) 

may have on the well-being of wildlife during critical lifecycle stages (breeding, nesting, birthing), or during periods of 

severe weather conditions (severe winter storms, long periods 

of severe cold or deep snow conditions), when forage or 

habitat are severely limited, and when the animals are under 

high stress and depleted body-energy conditions. Harassment 

of wildlife from human presence, movements, or sounds 

during these kinds of periods and conditions can cause excessive and unnecessary impacts, including mortality, fetal abortion, and abandonment of young. While these types of 

activities can be associated with the performance of surfacedisturbing activities, they are not exclusive to that. 

Disruptive activities can also be associated with effects to 

other resources, such as excessive or adverse influences and 

effects of human presence or modern society’s imprint on 

areas of highly primitive, seclusive, scenic, or historic value. 

Disturbance Zone. Area of influence around a disturbance 

causing a change in animal behavior such as: leaving the area, 

increased stress, abandoning young, not breeding, and aberrant behavior. Examples of disturbances include: road 

construction and road use, facility construction and placement, pipeline construction, field facility maintenance, rightsof-way construction, range improvement construction. 

Eolian Ice Cells. Perennial ice formed from snowfall and 

insulated from summer heat by a cover of windblown sands. 

This ice feeds small ponds within the dunes. 

Exclusion Areas. Areas on public lands where future rightsof-way mat be granted only when mandated by law. 

Flockets. A local term for the ponds and associated wet 

meadows created in the Sand Dunes from melting eolian ice 

cells. 

Minimum Heights. The amount of plant material remaining 

during the grazing season. 

Native American respected place. A physical location about 

which Native American tribal representatives have expressed 

concern. The location could be a traditional cultural property, 

a sacred site, or a site important to tribal history. Management 

strategies at these sites may be different from those commonly 

used at typical archeological sites. For instance, viewsheds 

are usually important, and other issues, including audible 

intrusions, may need to be considered. Data recovery mitigation is usually not an appropriate mitigation at a respected 

place. 

No Surface Occupancy (NSO). The term “no surface occupancy” (NSO) is used in two ways. It is used in one way to 

define a no surface occupancy area where no surface disturbing activities, of any nature or for any purpose, would be 

allowed. For example, construction or the permanent or longterm placement of structures or other facilities for any purpose 

would be prohibited in an NSO area. 

The other way the “no surface occupancy” term is used is as 

a stipulation or mitigation requirement for controlling or 

prohibiting selected land uses or activities that would conflict 

with other activities, uses, or values in a given area. When 

used in this way, the NSO stipulation or mitigation requirement is applied to prohibit one or more specific types of land 

and resource development activities or surface uses in an area, 

while other—perhaps even similar—types of activities or 

uses (for other purposes) would be allowed. For example: 

Protecting important rock art relics from destruction may 

require closing the area to the staking of mining claims and 

surface mining, off-road vehicle travel, construction or longterm placement of structures or pipelines, power lines, general 

purpose roads, and livestock grazing. Conversely, the construction of fences to protect the rock art from vandalism or 

from trampling or breakage by livestock, an access road or 

trail, and other visitor facilities to provide interpretation and 

opportunity for public enjoyment of the rock art would be 

allowed. Further, if there were interest in development of 

leasable minerals in the area, leases for oil and gas, coal, and 

so forth, could be issued with a “no surface occupancy” 

stipulation or mitigation requirement for the rock art site, 

which would still allow access to the leasable minerals from 

adjacent lands and underground. 

The term “no surface occupancy” has no relationship or 

relevance to the presence of people in an area. 

Nondiscretionary Closures. Areas closed to fluid mineral 

development by law, regulation, Executive Order, and Secretarial decision. 

Non-motorized Vehicle (or Non-motorized Mechanical 

Transport). Any contrivance for moving people or material 

in or over land, water, snow, or air, that has moving parts, and 

that is powered by a living or non-motorized power source. 

This includes, but is not limited to, sailboats, hang gliders, 

parachutes, bicycles, game carriers, carts, and wagons. The 

term does not include wheelchairs when used as necessary 

medical appliances, nor does it include skis, snowshoes, nonmotorized river craft, sleds, travois, or similar primitive 

devices without moving parts. 

Off-Road Vehicle Management Designations. Designations apply to all off-road vehicles regardless of the purposes 

483
GLOSSARY

for which they are being used. Emergency vehicles are 

excluded. The ORV designation definitions have been developed in cooperation with representatives of the USDA/Forest 

Service, U.S. Park Service, and BLM State and Field Office 

personnel. BLM recognizes the differences between off-road 

vehicles and oversnow vehicles in terms of use and impact. 

Therefore, travel by oversnow vehicles will be permitted off 

existing routes and in all open or limited areas (unless otherwise specifically limited or closed to oversnow vehicles) if 

they are operated in a responsible manner without damaging 

the vegetation or harming wildlife. 

Closed: Vehicle travel is prohibited in the area. Access 

by means other than motorized vehicle is permitted. 

Open: Vehicle travel is permitted in the area (both on 

and off roads) if the vehicle is operated responsibly in a 

manner not causing, or unlikely to cause significant, 

undue damage to or disturbance of the soil, wildlife, 

wildlife habitat, improvements, cultural, or vegetative 

resources or other authorized uses of the public lands. 

Limited: a. Vehicle travel is permitted only on existing 

roads and vehicle routes which were in existence prior 

to the date of designation in the Federal Register. 

Vehicle travel off of existing vehicle routes is permitted 

only to accomplish necessary tasks and only if such 

travel does not result in resource damage. Random 

travel from existing vehicle routes is not allowed. Creation of new routes or extensions and/or widening of 

existing routes is not allowed without prior written 

agency approval. 

b. Vehicle travel is permitted only on roads and vehicle routes 

designated by BLM. In areas where final designation has 

not been completed, vehicle travel is limited to existing 

roads and vehicle routes as described above. Designations 

are posted as follows: 

1. Vehicle route is open to vehicular travel. 

2. Vehicle route is closed to vehicular travel. 

c. Vehicle travel is limited by number or type of vehicle. 

Designations are posted as follows: 

1. Vehicle route limited to four-wheel drive vehicles only. 

2. Vehicle route limited to motorbikes only. 

3. Area is closed to oversnow vehicles. 

d. Vehicle travel is limited to licensed or permitted use. 

e. Vehicle travel is limited to time or season of use. Posted: 

Seasonal closure to all motor vehicles (the approximate 

dates of closure are indicated). 

f. Where specialized restrictions are necessary to meet resource management objectives, other limitations may also 

be developed. Posted: 

Recreational ORV open play areas. 

Paleosol. A term used by archeologists and some geologists 

to refer to an ancient soil deposit. Paleosols are particularly 

important because they often contain evidence about some of 

the earliest cultures to inhabit North America. 

Permitted Use. The forage allocated by, or under the guidance of, an applicable land use plan for livestock grazing in an 

allotment under a permit or lease and is expressed in AUMs. 

Proper Functioning Condition. A riparian-wetland area is 

considered to be in proper functioning condition when adequate vegetation, landform, or large woody debris is present 

to: 

• dissipate stream energy associated with high waterflow, 

thereby reducing erosion and improving water quality; 

• filter sediment, capture bedload, and aid floodplain 

development; 

• improve flood-water retention and groundwater recharge 

• develop root masses that stabilize streambanks against 

cutting action 

• develop diverse ponding and channel characteristics to 

provide the habitat and the water depth, duration, and 

temperature necessary for fish production, waterfowl 

breeding, and other uses 

• support greater biodiversity. 

The components of this definition are in order relative to how 

processes work on the ground. 

Range Readiness. Stage of plant development at which 

grazing may begin in an area/pasture/allotment without damage to vegetation or soil. 

Respected Places. The term Eastern Shoshone informants 

use to identify places that are important to them. 

Seasonal Utilization (relative). Seasonal utilization is the 

amount of utilization that has occurred before the end of the 

growing season. 

Season-long use (passive, continuous grazing). The term 

season-long use or passive, continuous grazing means grazing 

throughout the growing period, with little or no effort to 

control the amount of distribution of livestock use in area/ 

pasture/allotments. 

Surface Disturbing Activities (or Surface Disturbance). 

The physical disturbance and movement or removal of the 

land surface and vegetation. It ranges from the very minimal 

to the maximum types of surface disturbance associated with 

such things as off-road vehicle travel or use of mechanized, 

rubber-tired, or tracked equipment and vehicles; some timber 

cutting and forest silvicultural practices; excavation and development activities associated with use of heavy equipment 

for road, pipeline, power line and other types of construction; 

blasting; strip, pit, and underground mining and related activities, including ancillary facility construction; oil and gas well 

drilling and field construction or development and related 

activities; range improvement project construction; and recreation site construction. 

484
GLOSSARY

Utilization. The portion of forage that has been consumed (or 

destroyed) by livestock, wild horses, wildlife, and insects 

during a specified period. The term is also used to refer to the 

pattern of such use (43 CFR 4100.0-5). 

Utilization is the proportion or degree of the current year’s 

forage production by weight that is consumed or destroyed by 

animals (including insects). The term may refer either to a 

single plant species, a group of species, or the vegetation 

community as a whole. Utilization is synonymous with use. 

Viable. Capable of sustaining a healthy and reproducing 

population over a long period of time. 

Visual Resource Management Classes (definition of). 

Class I. The objective of this class is to maintain a 

landscape setting that appears unaltered by humans. It is 

applied to designated wilderness areas, wilderness study 

areas, some natural areas, wild portions of the wild scenic 

rivers, and other similar situations where management 

activities are to be restricted. 

Class II. The objective of this class is to design proposed 

alterations so as to retain the existing character of the 

landscape. The level of change to the characteristic landscape should be low. Management activities may be seen, 

but should not attract attention of the casual observer. Any 

changes must repeat the basic elements of form, line, color, 

and texture found in the predominant natural features of the 

characteristic landscape. 

Class III. The objective of this class is to design proposed 

alterations so as to partially retain the existing character of 

the landscape. Contrasts to the basic elements (form, line, 

color, and texture) caused by a management activity may 

be evident and begin to attract attention in the characteristic 

landscape. However, the changes should remain subordinate to the existing characteristic landscape. Structures 

located in the foreground distance zone (0 to 1/2 mile) often 

create a contrast that exceeds the VRM class, even when 

designed to harmonize and blend with the characteristic 

landscape. This may be especially true when a distinctive 

architectural motif or style is designed. Approval by the 

District Manager is required on a case-by-case basis to 

determine whether the structure(s) meet the acceptable 

VRM class standards, and if not, whether they add acceptable visual variety to the landscape. 

Class IV. The objective of this class is to provide for 

management activities which require major modification 

of the existing character of the landscape. Contrasts may 

attract attention and be a dominant feature of the landscape 

in terms of scale; however, the change should repeat the 

basic elements (form, line, color, and texture) inherent in 

the characteristic landscape. Structures located in the 

foreground distance zone (0-1/2 mile) often create a contrast that exceeds the VRM class, even when designed to 

harmonize and blend with the characteristic landscape. 

This may be especially true when a distinctive architectural 

motif or style is designed. Approval by the District 

Manager is required on a case-by-case basis to determine 

whether the structure(s) meet the acceptable VRM class 

standards, and if not, whether they add acceptable visual 

variety to the landscape. 

Rehabilitation Area. Change is needed or change may 

add acceptable visual variety to an area. This class applies 

to areas where the naturalistic character has been disturbed 

to a point where rehabilitation is needed to bring it back 

into character with the surrounding landscape. This class 

would apply to areas identified in the scenic evaluation 

where the quality class has been reduced because of unacceptable cultural modification. The contrast is inharmonious with the characteristic landscape. It may also be 

applied to areas that have the potential for enhancement; 

i.e., add acceptable visual variety to an area or site. It 

should be considered an interim or short-term classification until one of the other VRM class objectives can be 

reached through rehabilitation or enhancement. The desired visual resource management class should be identified. 

485
LITERATURE CITED

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