# Patent

## Title
Augmented-reality system for situation-related support of the interaction between a user and an engineering apparatus

## Abstract

The invention relates to an augmented-reality system having a mobile apparatus for the context-dependent insertion of assembly instructions. The context-dependent insertion of assembly instructions with process-optimized allocation of the necessary work steps provides situation-related support by for work sequences.

## Background
This is a continuation of copending application Serial No. PCT/DE00/00664 filed Mar. 2, 2000, PCT Publication WO 00/52539, which claims the priority of DE 199 09 154.4. DE 199 09 023.8. DE 199 09 018.1. DE 199 09 012.2. DE 199 09011.4, DE 199 09 010.6. DE 199 09 013.0, DE 199 09 009.2 and DE 199 09 016.5, all filed Mar. 2, 1999.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an augmented-reality system for situation-related support of the interaction between a user and an engineering apparatus. Such a system and method may be used in the field of automation technology, for production machinery and machine tools, in diagnostic/service support systems, and for complex components, equipment and systems, such as vehicles and industrial machinery and installations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
GB 2 327 289 discloses a work-support apparatus which uses a display which allows an assembly line worker to simultaneously visualize instructions relating to the work to be carried out and information about results of this work. The results of the work are recorded by measuring means, or by the worker entering a specific part number, with the work process being recorded by one or more cameras.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a system and a method which, in concrete operating situations, permit rapid and reliable support for a user in a simple and cost-effective manner. Further, the invention is based on the insight that the user of an engineering apparatus generally needs to complete certain training sessions before he is able to carry out more complex engineering work, such as producing an intermediate and/or final product up to assembling a car. Process-optimized use of such an operator can be achieved where the operator is supported by an augmented-reality system related to the relevant process situation. In this context, real information, for example the initial state of a part which is to be produced, is recorded and the system uses this to ascertain, in context-dependent fashion, the coming work sequences for the user and displays them for the user in a mobile apparatus.)
In particular in NC-controlled applications, the opportunity to insert simulation data provides further additional support for the worker. In this context, the augmented-reality system can be used to overlay computer-generated visualizations on real information based on simulated data. This provides support for setting up numerical control a.k.a. NC-controlled processes/applications.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, documentation data is either static or dynamic information data. Examples of static information are engineering data from handbooks, exploded drawings, maintenance instructions, etc. Examples of dynamic information are process values such as temperature, pressure, signals, etc.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, rapid situation-related access to the documentation data is provided by a recording means having an image-sensing apparatus. An evaluation means for evaluating the real information such that an object of the documentation data may be ascertained from the real information, and by a visualization means for visualizing the documentation data. Rapid situation-related access to the documentation data is further supported by virtue of the recording means being user-controlled and being, in particular, in the form of voice-controlled recording means and/or recording means controlled by control data.
Augmented-reality techniques on the basis of the static and/or dynamic documentation and/or process data can be used in a manner which is optimal for a large number of applications by virtue of the recording means and/or the visualization means being in the form of data goggles.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is described in greater detail and explained below using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of an augmented-reality system;
FIG. 2 illustrates another block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an augmented-reality system; and
FIG. 3 illustrates an application example of situation-related access to expert knowledge and/or documentation data.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows a basic illustration of an augmented-reality system for transmitting first information data from a first location O1 to a remote second location O2 of an expert in order for a user at the first location O1 to be supported by the remote expert at the second location, for example in the case of servicing and/or repair. The user, who is not shown in FIG. 1, is equipped with mobile equipment 4, 6. The mobile equipment 4, 6 comprises data goggles 4 holding a video camera 2 and a microphone 11. The data goggles are coupled to a device for wireless communication, for example a radio transceiver apparatus 6 which can communicate with the automation system A1-An via a radio interface 15. The automation system A1-An can be coupled by means of a data link 14 to an augmented-reality system 10, which is also referred to as “AR system”. The AR system contains an information module 1b for storing or accessing information data, an AR base module 8, and an AR application module 9. The AR system 10 can be connected to the Internet 5 by means of a data link 13, with an internet connection 12 (shown by way of example) permitting access to further memory and documentation data 1a. 
When equipped with the data goggles 4, and the mobile radio transmission device 6 a worker can move freely in the installation A1-An for maintenance and servicing purposes. If, by way of example, maintenance or repair of a particular subcomponent in the installations A1-An is necessary, the camera 2 on the data goggles 4 is used, possibly controlled by voice commands recorded by the microphone 11, to set up appropriate access to the relevant documentation data 1a, 1b. The radio interface 15 is used to set up a data link to the installation A1-An or to an appropriate radio transmission module, and to transmit the data to the AR system 10. In the AR system, the data obtained from the user are evaluated in relation to the situation, and information data 1a, 1b are accessed automatically or under interactive control by the user. The relevant documentation data 1a, 1b ascertained are transmitted to the radio transmission device 6 via the data links 14, 15, and, on the basis of the operating situation recorded. An analysis is thus performed which is the basis of the selection of data from the available static information. This results in situation-related, object-oriented or component-oriented selection of relevant knowledge from the most up-to-date data sources 1a, 1b. The information is displayed using the respective visualization component such as a hand-held PC or data goggles. The user is thus provided in situ with only the information needed. This information is always at the most up-to-date level and accordingly, the service technician is not overloaded with unnecessary or out-of-date information.
FIG. 2 shows another application example of a system for documentation processing for servicing and maintenance. The system comprises an augmented-reality system 10 which contains an information module 1b for storing information data, an AR base system 8 and an AR application module 9. The AR system 10 can be coupled to the Internet 5 by means of link lines 13, 18. From the Internet, an illustrative data link 12 can be used to connect to a remote PC 16 with a remote expert 22. The individual modules of the AR system 10 are coupled together by means of connections 19, 20, 21. The communication between a user 7 and the AR system takes place via interfaces 8, 23. The AR system can be coupled to a transceiver apparatus which permits two-way data communication between the AR system 10 and the user 7, using data goggles 4, either directly via the interface 8, or via an interface 23 using a radio transceiver device 17, located in the area of the user 7. The connection 23 can be produced using a separate data link or using the electricity mains in the form of a “power-line” modem. Besides a display apparatus in the area of the goggle lenses, the data goggles 4 contain an image-sensing apparatus 2 in the form of a camera, as well as a microphone 11. The user 7 can move throughout the installations A1-An using the data goggles 4 and can carry out servicing or maintenance work.
The data goggles 4 and the corresponding radio transceiver apparatuses, for example the radio transceiver apparatus 17 worn by a worker, have a prophylactic functionality in that the respective operating situation is recorded, for example by the camera 2, or by localization by the staff 7. On the basis of the recorded operating situation, the AR system selects data for the installation A1-An being maintained. The fundamental advantage of the system shown in FIG. 2 is that this system supports the interaction of the individual single functionalities on an application-related basis. Thus, a concrete operating situation is first recorded automatically and this operating situation is then analyzed, with the currently relevant aspects being automatically ascertained from the most up-to-date, available static information in combination with the presently recorded dynamic data. Accordingly, assembly instructions, for example, are correlated to current process data. This provides the work staff 7 with a situation-related display of the relevant information, by means of an overlayed visualization of the appropriate data such that the real operating situation is extended by the ascertained information in the field of view of the staff. This quickly equips the staff 7 to take action, and hence safeguards necessary machine execution times. The maintenance technician 7 can also obtain support in situ from the remote expert 22 and the knowledge 16 available at the location of the remote expert 22.
FIG. 3 shows an application example of situation-related access to documentation data. FIG. 3 shows a first screen area B1 showing an installation component. The right-hand screen area B2 shows a user 7 looking at an individual installation component, for example. The user 7 is equipped with data goggles 4 containing a camera 2. The data goggles 4 additionally hold a microphone 11 and a loudspeaker 16. The left-hand screen area B1 shows a view of pipelines which can be observed using the data goggles shown in the image window B2. In the left-hand screen area B1, two points P1, P2 are marked which represent two image details observed using the data goggles 4. After observation of the first point P1 (the pipeline arranged in the area of the point P1), additional information is visualized in the data goggles 4 for the user 7. This additional information I11 comprises documentation data for the first point P1 which contain work instructions for this pipeline, and for the point P2 contain the installation instruction to be carried out in a second step. In this case, the installation instruction results in the user 7 being informed of the torque and the direction of rotation of the screw connection at the point P2 by means of visualization of the supplementary data 112. The user 7 thus very quickly obtains a situation-related instruction for the object being observed. If an intelligent tool is used which is capable of recording the torque currently being used, it is also possible for the user to be instructed to increase or decrease the torque appropriately on the basis of the current torque.
Further background information is provided below on the fields of use of the present invention. Application-oriented requirement analysis and development of AR-based systems are useful in supporting work processes in development, production and servicing of complex engineering products, installations in fabrication and process technology, service support systems, as in the case of motor vehicles, or for maintenance of any engineering equipment.
Augmented reality, “AR” is a novel type of man-machine interaction with great potential for supporting industrial work processes. With this technology, the observer's field of view is enriched with computer-generated virtual objects, which means that product or process information can be used intuitively. Besides the very simple interaction, the use of portable computers opens up AR application fields with high mobility requirements, for example if process, measurement or simulation data are linked to the real object.
Today German industry is characterized by increasing customer requirements in terms of individuality and quality of products and by the development processes taking substantially less time. Especially in developing, producing and servicing complex engineering products and installations, it is possible, by means of innovative solutions to man-machine interaction, both to achieve increases in efficiency and productivity and to design work so as to enhance competence and training, by the user's need for knowledge and information being supplied in a situation-related manner on the basis of up-to-date data.
Augmented reality is a technology with numerous innovative fields of application:

    
    
        In development for example, a “mixed mock-up” approach based on a mixed-virtual environment can result in a distinct acceleration of the early phases of development. Compared with immersive “virtual reality” (VR) solutions, the user is at a substantial advantage in that the haptic properties can be depicted faithfully with the aid of a real model, whereas aspects of visual perception, e.g. for display variants, can be manipulated in a virtual manner. In addition, there is a major potential for user-oriented validation of computer-assisted models, e.g. for component verification or in crash tests.
        In flexible production, it is possible, inter alia, to considerably facilitate the process of setting up machinery for qualified skilled workers by displaying, e.g. via mobile AR components, mixed-virtual clamping situations directly in the field of view. Fabrication planning and fabrication control appropriate to the skilled worker in the workshop is facilitated if information regarding the respective order status is perceived directly in situ in connection with the corresponding products. This also applies to assembly, with the option of presenting the individual work steps to the assembler in a mixed-virtual manner in the actual training phase. In this connection, it is possible, e.g. by comparing real assembly procedures with results of simulations, to achieve comprehensive optimizations which both improve the quality of work scheduling and simplify and accelerate the assembly process in the critical start-up phase
        Finally, regarding servicing, conventional technologies are by now barely adequate for supporting and documenting the complex diagnostic and repair procedures. Since, however, these processes in many fields are in any case planned on the basis of digital data, AR technologies provide the option of adopting the information sources for maintenance purposes and of explaining the dismantling process to an engineer, e.g. in the data goggles, by overlaying real objects. Regarding cooperative work, the AR-assisted “remote eye” permits a distributed problem solution by virtue of a remote expert communicating across global distances with the member of staff in situ. This case is particularly relevant for the predominantly medium-sized machine tool manufacturers. Because of globalization, they are forced to set up worldwide production sites for their customers. However, it is not practical to have a presence in all the important markets, nor is it possible to dispense with the profound knowledge of experienced service staff of the parent company with respect to the increasingly more complex installations.
        The special feature of man-machine interaction in augmented reality is the very simple and intuitive communication with the computer, supplemented, for example, by multimode interaction techniques such as voice processing or gesture recognition. The use of portable computer units additionally enables entirely novel mobile utilization scenarios, with the option of requesting the specific data at any time via a wireless network. Novel visualization techniques permit direct annotation, e.g. of measured data or simulation data, to the real object or into the real environment. In conjunction with distributed applications, a number of users are able to operate in a real environment with the aid of a shared database (shared augmented environments) or to cooperate in different environments with AR support.
    
    


Augmented reality has been the subject of intense research only in the last few years. Consequently, only a few applications exist, either at the national or the international level, usually in the form of scientific prototypes in research establishments.

    
    
        U.S.A.: As with many novel technologies, the potential uses of augmented reality were first tapped in North America. Examples include cockpit design or maintenance of mechatronic equipment. The aircraft manufacturer Boeing has already carried out initial field trials using AR technology in the assembly field. The upshot is that in this hi-tech area too, the U.S.A. occupies a key position, potentially making it a technological leader.
        Japan: Various AR developments are being pushed in Japan, e.g. for mixed-virtual building design, telepresence or “cyber-shopping”. The nucleus is formed by the Mixed Reality Systems Laboratory founded in 1997, which is supported jointly as a center of competence by science and by commerce and industry. Particular stimuli in the consumer goods field are likely in the future from the Japanese home electronics industry.
        Europe: So far, only very few research groups have been active in Europe in the AR field. One group at the University of Vienna is working on approaches to mixed-real visualization. The IGD group, as part of the ACTS project CICC, which has now come to an end, has developed initial applications for the building industry and a scientific prototype for staff training in car manufacturing.
    
    


Thus the invention should be seen in particular in the context of specific fields of application, including “production machinery and machine tools” (NC-controlled, automation-technology processes), and “diagnostics/service support systems for complex engineering components/equipment/systems” (e.g. vehicles, but also industrial machinery and installations).
The order of the work steps is improved by means of “appropriate” perception of environment and situation. The respective combination of work environment, process situation, progress of the activity and knowledge of the staff is utilized to relativize the next succession of instructions. The basic idea is context-dependent insertion of assembly instructions with process-optimized allocation of the necessary work steps. The conceivable optimization can have parameters set for it, e.g. in terms of particular resource use (time, material, cost etc).
In summary, the invention relates to an augmented-reality system having a mobile apparatus for context-dependent insertion of assembly instructions. The context-dependent insertion of assembly instructions with process-optimized stipulation of the necessary work steps provides situation-related support by for work sequences. In addition, further supplementary instructions relating to the respective operating situation can be inserted for the user, for example on the basis of particular assembly steps etc., i.e. in the case of a firmly prescribed assembly procedure. Thus, by way of example, preventive maintenance instructions etc. can be given in context-dependent fashion with optimization of the timing and process.

## Claims

1. A system for real-time situation related support of the interaction between a user and various different apparatuses, said system comprising:
a mobile device to be worn by the user, said mobile device comprising a camera for collecting visual data including dynamic data, a screen for displaying collected and received data, a microphone for sending auditory data including non-visual dynamic data observed by the user and a transceiver unit for the wireless transmission and receipt of data relating to various different apparatuses,
a remotely located augmented-reality database system, said database system comprising (i) an information module for storing visual and textual data relative to the various different apparatuses, (ii) a communication module including a transceiver unit for the wireless transmission and receipt of apparatus data to and from the mobile device, said information module routinely updated with additional apparatus data not received from the mobile device, said database system via the communications module capable of connecting to the internet, and communicating with a remote PC to obtain additional data and to process data, and (iii) an analyzer system comparing the collected visual data with data stored in the database system to determine additional information, wherein the additional information is visually overlayed on apparatus images transmitted from the mobile user and a created visually overlaid image is transmitted back to the user for display on the screen.