UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 22-4412

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

DANZAVIOUS DOLPHUS, a/k/a Dash,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia, at 

Clarksburg. Irene M. Keeley, Senior District Judge. (1:17-cr-00068-IMK-MJA-1)

Submitted: February 21, 2023 Decided: February 23, 2023

Before NIEMEYER and DIAZ, Circuit Judges, and MOTZ, Senior Circuit Judge.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Brian J. Kornbrath, Federal Public Defender, OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL 

PUBLIC DEFENDER, Clarksburg, West Virginia, for Appellant. Zelda Elizabeth Wesley, 

Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, 

Clarksburg, West Virginia, for Appellee. 

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM: 

Danzavious Dolphus pled guilty, pursuant to a written plea agreement, to 

distribution of heroin, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(C). The district court 

sentenced Dolphus to 84 months’ imprisonment, a sentence at the low end of the advisory 

Sentencing Guidelines range. On appeal, Dolphus’ counsel has filed a brief pursuant to 

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), stating that there are no meritorious grounds 

for appeal but questioning whether the district court erred in accepting Dolphus’ guilty plea 

and whether Dolphus’ sentence is reasonable. Dolphus was informed of his right to file a 

pro se supplemental brief, but he has not done so. The Government declined to file a 

responsive brief. We affirm.

Prior to accepting a guilty plea, the district court, through a colloquy with the 

defendant, must inform the defendant of, and determine that the defendant understands, the 

charge to which the plea is offered, any mandatory minimum penalty, the maximum 

possible penalty he faces upon conviction, and the various rights he is relinquishing by 

pleading guilty. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b). The district court also must ensure that the 

defendant’s plea was voluntary, was supported by a sufficient factual basis, and did not 

result from force or threats, or promises not contained in the plea agreement. Fed. R. Crim. 

P. 11(b)(2), (3). In reviewing the adequacy of the court’s compliance with Rule 11, we

“accord deference to the trial court’s decision as to how best to conduct the mandated 

colloquy with the defendant.” United States v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d 263, 295 

(4th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted).

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Because Dolphus did not move in the district court to withdraw his guilty plea, we 

review the validity of his guilty plea for plain error. United States v. Williams, 811 F.3d 

621, 622 (4th Cir. 2016). To establish plain error, Dolphus must establish that “(1) an error 

was made; (2) the error is plain; (3) the error affects substantial rights; and (4) the error 

seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” 

United States v. Harris, 890 F.3d 480, 491 (4th Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks 

omitted). In the guilty plea context, a defendant meets his burden to establish that a plain 

error affected his substantial rights by showing a reasonable probability that he would not 

have pled guilty but for the district court’s Rule 11 omissions. United States v. Sanya, 774 

F.3d 812, 815-16 (4th Cir. 2014). We have reviewed the Rule 11 colloquy and, discerning 

no plain error, we conclude that Dolphus’ guilty plea is valid.

“We review the reasonableness of a sentence under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) using an 

abuse-of-discretion standard, regardless of ‘whether [the sentence is] inside, just outside, 

or significantly outside the [Sentencing] Guidelines range.’” United States v. Nance, 957 

F.3d 204, 212 (4th Cir. 2020) (first alteration in original) (quoting Gall v. United States, 

552 U.S. 38, 41 (2007)). In performing that review, we must first determine whether the 

district court “committed any procedural error, such as improperly calculating the 

Guidelines range, failing to consider the § 3553(a) factors, or failing to adequately explain 

the chosen sentence.” Id. If “the district court has not committed procedural error,” we 

then assess the substantive reasonableness of the sentence. Id. Our substantive 

reasonableness review “takes into account the totality of the circumstances to determine 

whether the sentencing court abused its discretion in concluding that the sentence it chose 

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satisfied the standards set forth in § 3553(a).” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). “Any 

sentence that is within or below a properly calculated Guidelines range is presumptively 

[substantively] reasonable. Such a presumption can only be rebutted by showing that the 

sentence is unreasonable when measured against the . . . § 3553(a) factors.” United 

States v. Louthian, 756 F.3d 295, 306 (4th Cir. 2014) (citation omitted).

We are satisfied that Dolphus’ sentence of imprisonment is procedurally reasonable. 

The district court correctly calculated the Guidelines range, adequately considered the 

§ 3553(a) factors, provided a meaningful explanation for the sentence that it chose, and 

sufficiently addressed defense counsel’s mitigation arguments. See Gall, 552 U.S. at 49-

51. We also conclude that nothing in the record rebuts the presumption of substantive 

reasonableness afforded to Dolphus’ 84-month sentence.

In accordance with Anders, we have reviewed the entire record in this case and have 

found no meritorious grounds for appeal. We thus affirm the district court’s judgment. 

This court requires that counsel inform Dolphus, in writing, of the right to petition the 

Supreme Court of the United States for further review. If Dolphus requests that a petition 

be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition would be frivolous, then counsel may 

move in this court for leave to withdraw from representation. Counsel’s motion must state 

that a copy thereof was served on Dolphus.

We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are 

adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the 

decisional process.

AFFIRMED

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