West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cylindroleberididae)

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

and

RANCISCA ELENA CARAIC

m

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 179
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 17 9

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cylindroleberididae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisca Elena Caraion

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1974
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis E., and Francisca Elena Caraion. West African Myodocopid

Ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 179, 78 pages, 43 figures.—Twelve species, of which nine are new, and seven

genera in the Family Cylindroleberididae, collected from the research vessels

Thalassa and Cornide dc Saaxredra in 1971 from the shelf and slope of Spanish

Sahara, Mauritania, and Senegal, are described and illustrated.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report Smithsonian Year. SI I'RF.SS NUMBER 5128. SERIFS COVER DESICN:

The coral Montastrea cavenwsa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornkker, Louis S. 1919-

West African Myodocopid ostracoda (Cylindroleberididae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 179)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27: 179.

1. Cylindroleberididae. 2. Crustacea—Africa, West. I. Caraion, Francisca Elena, joint author.

II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 179.

QL1.S54 no. 179 [QL444.085) 591'.08s [595'.33] 74-7335.

For sale by the Superintendent of Dotuments, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price SI.75 (paper cover)
Contents

Introduction 1

Station Data 2

Cylindroleberididae Miiller, 1906 5

Key to the Subfamilies of Cylindroleberididae 5

Cylindroleberidinae Miiller, 1906 . 6

Key to the Genera of Cylindroleberidinae in This Study 6

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965 7

Key to the Species of Parasterope in This Study 7

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920) 8

Parasterope alpha, new species 11

Parasterope sohni, new species 14

Parasterope mauritania, new species 18

Parasterope thrix, new species 21

Parasterope species indeterminate 23

Synasterope Poulsen, 1965 23

Synasterope bensoni, new species 23

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868 29

Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species 29

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate 37

Prionotoleberis Kornicker, 1974 37

Prionotoleberis pax, new species 37

Polyleberis Kornicker, 1974 41

Polyleberis mackenziei Kornicker, 1974 41

Polyleberis species indeterminate 45

Cylindroleberidinae genus indeterminate 45

Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965 45

Key to the Genera of Cyclasteropinae in This Study 47

Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920 47

Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894), new combination 47

Asteropteron Skogsberg, 1920 59

Asteropteron upsilon, new species 59

Asteropteron setiferum, new species 66

Asteropteron species indeterminate 75

Literature Cited 76

Index 77

i n

West African Myodocopid Ostracoda

(Cylindroleberididae)

Louis S. Kornicker

and Francisca Elena Caraion

Introduction

This work reports on the shelf and slope myodocopid Ostracoda of the family Cylindroleberididae

collected from the research vessels Thalassa (18

stations) and Cornide de Saavedra (5 stations) in

the vicinity of Spanish Sahara (2 stations), Mauritania (15 stations), and Senegal (1 station) (Figure

1). The single sample from Senegal was collected

at the surface; the remaining samples were taken

with bottom trawls.

The Thalassa collection contained 131 specimens

and the Cornide de Saavedra collection contained

13 specimens of Cylindroleberididae. Of these, 17

could not be identified at the species level. The

remaining specimens are referred to 12 species (9

new) in seven genera. These 12 species were found

off Mauritania, of which two were also found

off Spanish Sahara; no specimens were identified

at the generic level from the single planktonic

sample off Senegal. The range of latitudes from

which each species was collected is shown in Figure

2, and the range of depths in Figure 3.

All specimens identified at the generic and specific levels were assigned USNM numbers, including those deposited in the Museum of Natural

History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

Specimens deposited in the Bucharest museum

have been noted in the text and their USNM numLouis S. Kornicker, Department of Ini>ertebrate Zoology,

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. Francisca Elena Caraion, Institute of Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.

ber placed in brackets. Remaining specimens were

deposited in the National Museum of Natural

History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

The only cylindroleberid previously identified

from the study area is Cycloleberis lobiancoi

Muller, 1894 (Klie, 1943:50). We examined Klie's

specimens and refer them herein to Cycloleberis

squamiger (Scott, 1894), a species Scott (1894:140)

described from the Gulf of Guinea as Asterope

squamiger. Klie (1940:409) identified two species

of cylindroleberids, Asterope grimaldi Skogsberg,

1920, and Asterope muelleri Skogsberg, 1920, from

Southwest Africa, but Klie's identifications need

verification. Three species of Cylindroleberididae

have been reported from South Africa: Asteropteron nodulosum Poulsen, 1965; Cycloleberis galathea Poulsen, 1965, and Archasterope species indeterminate (Kornicker, in press). It is possible that

Cypridina (?) bradyi de Folin, 1870, from the coast

of Senegal is a cylindroleberid, but the description

does not permit generic placement.

Only three species in the present collection have

been reported from other regions: Cycloleberis

squamiger (Scott, 1894), Parasterope muelleri

(Skogsberg, 1920) and Polyleberis mackenziei Kornicker, 1974b (Table 1). The two latter species

are present in the Gulf of Naples (Skogsberg, 1920:

491; Kornicker, 1974b:36, 50). Parasterope muelleri

has also been reported from the West Indies (Poulsen, 1965:370), the Bahamas (Kornicker, 1958:239),

and from Southwest Africa (Klie, 1940:409), but

the species may consist of several sibling species,

and Klie's identification is certainly questionable.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—World distribution and depth zones of species of Cylindroleberididae

discussed herein (x, reported; -, not reported)

Species

Parasterope muelleri*

Parasterope alpha

Parasterope sohni

Parasterope tnauritania

Parasterope thrix

Synasterope bensoni

Cylindroleberis bacescui

Prionotoleberis pax

Polyleberis mackenziei

Cycloleberis squamiger

Asteropteron upsilon

Asteropteron setiferum

West

Spanish Mauri- Gulf of Mediter- Indies,

Sahara tania Guinea ranean Bahamas Depth zone

— x - x x shelf

- x - - - bathyal

x x - - - bathyal

- x - - - shelf

- x - - - bathyal

- x - - - shelf-bathyal

- x - - - shelf

- x - - - shelf-bathyal

- x — x - shelf-bathyal

x x x - - shelf-bathyal

- x - - - shelf-bathyal

x - - bathyal

• Also reported off South West Africa by Klie (1940:409) but the identification is questionable.

Cycloleberis squamiger has been collected in the

Gulf of Guinea (Scott, 1894:00). Two genera in

the collection, Polyleberis and Prionotoleberis have

been reported only from the Gulf of Naples (Kornicker, 1974b).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Dr. Mihai Bacescu, Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa,"

Bucharest, for the ostracodes from the Thalassa,

Dr. Ramon Margalef, Instituto de Investigationes

Pesqueras, Barcelona, for the ostracodes from the

Cornide de Saavedra, and Dr. Gerd Hartmann for

sending specimens for comparative purposes from

the collection in the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

Mrs. Carolyn Gast rendered the shaded drawings

of the carapaces shown in Figures 32, 36, and 37.

Mr. Jack Schroeder inked the outlines of carapaces

and appendages from our camera lucida drawings,

and made camera lucida drawings of appendages

illustrated in Figures 2Se, 29a,c, and 30c. Miss

Kathryn Schroeder assisted in final preparation of

the figures. Freeze-drying of specimens for photography was done in the laboratory of Mr. Rolland

Hower. The assistance of Mr. Walter R. Brown and

Miss Mary J. Mann, who operated the scanningelectron microscope, is acknowledged. We also

thank Drs. T. E. Bowman and Mihai Bacescu for

reviewing the manuscript. The Thalassa cruise was

organized and supported by the Institut Scientifique

et Technique de Peche Maritime de France. Most

camera lucida drawings of appendages 1 through 7

and furcae, except for those on Figures 10, 28-30,

S4e-o, and 35 were made by the junior author.

Descriptions, drawings of carapaces, body parts,

and some appendages are by the senior author.

Station Data

Research vessel Thalassa, January and February

1971. Collector: Prof. Dr. Mihai (Micael) Bacescu.

Station X008; 16 January; 21°03'06"N, 17°37'1"W; 338 m;

sand with mud, BScescu dredge; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Prionotoleberis pax, new species: 1 adult $

Station X018; 20 January; 19°22'05"N, 16°48'05"W; 170-175

m; from Gorgonacea; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Parasterope muelleri: 3 ovigerous $ + 1 juvenile

Station X023; 22 January; 18°59'02"N, 16°22'07"; 14 m;

sand; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Synasterope bensoni, new species: 1 adult $

Station X031; 27 January; 18°40'00"N, 16°41'05"W; 560 m;

Menzies trawl, Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Parasterope alpha, new species: 1 ovigerous $

Station XO33; 28 January; 19°21'02"N, 16°45'01"W; 22 m;

mud, sand; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Polyleberi s mackenziei : 2 adul t 9+ 2 juvenile s

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 1 juvenile

Station X04I; 29 January; 20°10'05"N, 17°32'O9"W; 52 m;

sand; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Parasterope mauritania, new species: 1 ovigerous $, 2

juvenile $ , 2 juveniles unsexed

Parasterope species indeterminate (not P. mauritania): 8

juveniles
NUMBER 179

18°

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+

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FIGURE I. Station map showing distribution of cylindrolcbcrids collected aboard the Thalassa

(station numbers preceded by X) and Cornide de Saavedm (station numbers preceded by A).

2 2 i

20°

14°
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Parasterope muelleri

Parasterope alpha

Parasterope sohni

Parasterope mauritania

Parasterope thrix

Synasterope bensoni

Cylindroleberis bacescui

Prionotoleberis pax

Polyleberis mackenziei

Cycloleberis squamiger

Asteropteron upsilon

Asteropteron setiferum

18° 19° 20° 21° 22° 23"

LATITUDE (N)

FIGURE 2.—Latitudinal distribution of species in study area.

Parasterope muelleri

Parasterope alpha

Parasterope sohni

Parasterope mauritania

Parasterope thrix

Synasterope bensoni

Cylindroleberis bacescui'

Prionotoleberis pax

Polyleberis mackenziei m+

Cycloleberis squamiger

Asteropteron upsilon

Asteropteron setiferum

JL

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

WATER DEPTH (tn)

FIGURE 3.—Depth distribution of species in study area.
NUMBER 179

Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species: 2 A-l $, 1 juvenile

$, 1 juvenile 9, 1 A-l $

Polyleberis mackenziei: 1 A-l $

Station X042; 29 January; 20°10/00"N, 17°39'00"W; 187 m;

mud, sand; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Polyleberis mackenziei: 1 ovigerous 9» 1 adult 9 with

cyproniscid isopod in marsupium.

Station X043; 29 January; 20°09'08"N, 17°43'O1"W; 480 m;

mud; Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Polyleberis mackenziei: 1 9

Parasterope sohni, new species: 1 A-l $

Station X044; 29 January; 20°09'06"N, 17°48'09"W; 1100 m;

mud; Menzies trawl; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Asteropteron setiferum, new species: 1 adult 9

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 2 juveniles

Station X046; 29 January; 20°49'09"N, 17°58'O8"W; 1120 m;

sandy mud; Menzies trawl, Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Cylindroleberidinae genus indeterminate: 1 adult $

Station X048; 29 January; 20o50'05"N, 17°39'OO"W; 270 m;

mud 4- sand; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Prionotoleberis pax, new species: 8 ovigerous 9 '• ' juvenile

$ and 9 with a choniostomatid copepod within carapaces; plus 11 specimens

Parasterope thrix, new species: 1 ovigerous 9

Synasterope bensorti, new species: 1 ovigerous 9- 1 adult

9, 1 adult $

Asteropteron upsilon, new species: 1 juvenile

Station X052; 30 January; 21°47'00"N, 17°09'00"W; 53 m;

sand; Rallier dredge, Spanish Sahara.

Asteropteron species indeterminate: 1 juvenile, probably

instar III

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 1 adult $, 2

juveniles

Station X054; 30 January; 21°47'OO"N, 17°30'06"W; f>34 m;

mud + sand; Rallier dredge; Spanish Sahara.

Parasterope sohni, new species: 1 ovigerous 9

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate: 1 juvenile $

Station X057; 31 January; 20°17'03"N, 17°36'06"W; 82 m;

sand; Trawl's sonde; Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Parasterope mauritania, new species: 1 A-l $

Asteropteron upsilon, new species: 1 adult 9

Station X060; 1 February; 2O°OO'O7"N, 17°18'04"W; 30 m;

sand + mud; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species: 7 ovigerous 9» 9

adult 9; 2 adult $, 16 juveniles

Station X068; 4 February; 20°47'06"N; 17°36'O6"W; 96 m;

sand and mud; Bacescu dredge; Islamic Republic of

Mauritania.

Prionotoleberis pax, new species: 15 specimens including

adult females and juveniles

Synasterope bensoni, new species: 1 adult 9

Parasterope mauritania, new species: 1 adult 9 • 1 A-l $

with 3 choniostomatid copepods

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate: 1 adult $

Station X070; 5 February; 20°40'04"N, 17°41'01"W; 170-175

m; sand and mud from Gorgonacea washings; Islamic

Republic of Mauritania.

Parasterope muelleri: 1 ovigerous 9

Station off Dakar; 0-1 m plankton sample (bottom at 15 m).

Cylindroleberidinae genus indeterminate: 2 adult $ +

1 A-l $

Research vessel Cornide de Saavedra, September

1971. Collector: Dr. Ramon Margalef. Collected

with a Van Veen grab on continental shelf of the

Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Station Ala, sample 10; 18°44'N, 16°20'W; 20 m.

Polyleberis mackenziei: 3 juvenile <J + 3 juveniles unsexed

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 1 juvenile

Station A3a, sample 11; 18°44'N, 16°24'W; 35 m.

Asteropteron upsilon, new species: 1 adult? 9

Polyleberis species indeterminate: 1 juvenile 9

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 1 juvenile 9

Station A4b, sample 12; 18°44'N, 16°26'W; 55 m.

Polyleberis species indeterminate: 1 juvenile 9

Station A7b, sample 14; 18°44'N, 16°32'W; 94 m.

Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination: 1 juvenile ,$

Station A8a, sample 15; 18°44'N, 16°34'W; 150 m.

Synasterope bensoni, new species: 1 adult 9 with large

unextruded eggs.

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE MULLER, 1906

This family contains two subfamilies, Cylindroleberidinae Miiller, 1906, and Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965. Both subfamilies are represented in the

study area.

Key to the Subfamilies of Cylindroleberididae

(from Kornicker, in press)

Surface of carapace smooth, without ornamentation; 1st antenna with 1 dorsal bristle on 2nd

joint; end joint of endopodite of maxilla with 1 (rarely 2) bristles CYLINDROI.FBFRIDINAE

Surface of carapace either smooth or ornamented; 1st antenna with 2 or more dorsal bristles on

2nd joint; end joint of endopodite of maxilla with 4-6 bristles CYCLASTFROPINAF.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE MULLER, 1906

This subfamily is represented in the study area

by five genera: Parasterope Poulsen, 1965; Synasterope Poulsen, 1965; Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868;

Polyleberis Kornicker, 1974b; Prionotoleberis Kornicker, 1974b.

Key to the Genera of Cylindroleberidinae in This Study

1. Mandibular exopodite less than one-third length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint . 2

Mandibular exopodite more than one-half length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint ....$

2. Sensory bristle of female 1st antenna with 1 short proximal bristle and 6 long terminal

bristles Cylindroleberis

Sensory bristle of female 1st antenna without proximal bristle and with 7-9 long terminal

bristles Polyleberis

3. First endopodite joint of mandible with long lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles

Parasterope

First endopodite joint of mandible without long lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles 4

4. Sensory bristle of female 1st antenna with proximal bristle Prionotoleberis

Sensory bristle of female 1st antenna without proximal bristle Synasterope

MICROMORPHOLOGY OF CARAPACE (based on

scanning-electron microphotographs) (Figures 4, 8,

11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23).—The presence of long

bristles emerging from concentrically ringed pores

was first illustrated for a species of this subfamily

{Synasterope cushmani Kornicker, 1974) by Kornicker (1974a). He also illustrated shorter bristles

emerging from simple pores and noted that concentrically ringed pores often had near them a

small simple pore. All the species whose lateral

surfaces were examined herein have concentrically

ringed pores with or without a minute satellite

pore (Parasterope muelleri, Figure 4b; Synasterope

bensoni, new species, Figure 11 b,c; Cylindroleberis

bacescui, new species, Figure 15/; Prionotoleberis

pax, new species, Figure 196; Polyleberis mackenziei, Figures 21c, 2Sa,b). The bristle emerging from

one of the concentrically rimmed pores on Synasterope bensoni (Figure lid) is smaller than those

usually present in this type pore. That species also

had a simple pore containing a short bristle near a

small simple satellite pore (Figure lie). Most of

the satellite pores near concentrically rimmed pores

observed on the species examined have a narrow

rim raised above the surface of the surrounding

carapace (Figures 4b, llb-d, 15/, 196, 21c, 23a). A

pore with a short hair observed on Cylindroleberis

bacescui has immediately surrounding the bristle a

raised rim from which faint ribs appear to radiate

(Figure \bc,e). Pores with slightly raised rims,

which are not associated with either hairs or pores

with hairs, are widely scattered on the valve surfaces (Figure 4c, 116, 15c/i, 216).

Posterior spine-bearing list: The presence of

pores and tubes at the base of flaplike bristles on

the posterior list were illustrated for many species

of Cylindroleberidinae by Kornicker (in press) and

for Synasterope cushmani Kornicker, 1974, by

Kornicker (1974a). These occur also on species in

the present collection (Parasterope muelleri, Figure 4d-f; Parasterope mauritania, new species, Figure Sde,; Synasterope bensoni, new species, Figures

11/, 12a—e; Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species,

Figure 16/-/?; Prionotoleberis pax, new species,

Figure \9j-h; Polyleberis mackenziei, Figures 21d,/,

2Se,k,l). About nine rimmed pores were observed

at the base of a flaplike bristle of Parasterope

mauritania (Figure Se); the number of pores on

most of the other species were difficult to discern

because of being hidden by tubes. The following

species generally have one bristle between each

pair of flaplike bristles: Parasterope muelleri (Figure 4d-f), P. mauritania (Figure 8c,d), Cylindroleberis bacescui (Figure 16/,g), Prionotoleberis pax

(Figure 19/,g), Polyleberis mackenziei (Figures

21 d, 23e,h). Synasterope bensoni has two to four

bristles between each pair of flaplike bristles (Figures 11/, 12a,6).

Infold between spine-bearing list and posterior

margin of valve: Scooplike processes were photographed on Parasterope mauritania, new species

(Figure Sc,f,h,i,), Cylindroleberis bacescui, new spe-
NUMBER 179

cies (Figure I6i-k), Prionotoleberis pax, new species

(Figure \9f,i-l), and Polyleberis mackenziei (Figures

2ld,e; 2Se-j). Processes without scooplike tips were

observed on Parasterope mauritania, new species

(Figure 8c,/,g), but it is possible that these are

scooplike processes with the tips broken off. P.

mauritania possesses numerous minute pores with

emerging bottle-shaped processes (Figure Sc,f,j-l).

Polyleberis mackenziei (Figures 2ld,e; 2Se-]), and

Cylindroleberis bacescui (Figure 16*',/) have pores

on the infold near the posterior valve margin.

Pores are present near the list on Parasterope

muelleri (Figure 4e,f). Many species have bristles

forming a row anterior to the posterodorsal valve

margin (Parasterope mauritania, Figure 8r; Synasterope bensoni, Figure 11/, 12a—e). A row of bristles is present near the ventral end only of the

posterior infold of Prionotoleberis pax (Figure

19/).

Posterior selvage: Kornicker (1974a) observed

that a serrate selvage was present along the posterior margin of Synasterope cushmani Kornicker,

1974, except opposite scooplike processes. A similar

discontinuous serrate selvage was observed on

Prionotoleberis pax, new species (Figure 19/-/) and

Polyleberis mackenziei (Figure 23/,;). The serrate

margin of the lamellar prolongation of the selvage

near the posteroventral margin of Synasterope bensoni, new species, is illustrated in Figure \2a,f.

Vestment: Bristles forming a row anterior to the

posteroventral list are present on Cylindroleberis

bacescui, new species (Figure I6f,g,l).

Selvage along lower margin of incisur: The

fringed lamellar prolongation along the lower inner

margin of the incisur is illustrated for Synasterope

bensoni and Cylindroleberis bacescui in Figures

llh and 166, respectively.

Central muscle scars: The central muscle scars

are visible as dark depressions on the outside of

the valves of Parasterope muelleri (Figure 4a) and

Cylindroleberis bacescui (Figure 15fl). The latter

scars also appear as dark areas when viewed from

the inside (Figure 16«,r). The attached muscle does

not cover the whole dark area (Figure I6c,d). The

outside surface of the muscle appears to have a

pebbly texture (Figure 16d). The ovoid muscle

scars of Synasterope bensoni appear lighter than

the surrounding inside surface (Figure Hi,;"). The

muscle scars on S. bensoni are vesicular and rougher than the surrounding surface (Figure Wjjk).

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965

Five species of Parasterope were collected: P.

muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920); P. alpha, new species;

P. sohni, new species; P. mauritania, new species;

P. thrix, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of Parasterope are widespread between latitudes of about 55°N to 65°S

with a depth range of intertidal depths to 4303 m

(Kornicker, in press). Species in the present collection were from off Mauritania and Spanish

Sahara at depths of 52-560 m.

Key to the Species of Parasterope in This Study

1. Sixth limb with posteroventral bristles on end joint 2

Sixth limb without posteroventral bristles on end joint 3

2. Sixth limb with 6 or 7 posteroventral bristles on end 'joint; one of the terminal bristles on

dorsal margin of tnandibular basale short; dorsal margin of mandibular basalc with fairly

long midbristle; lateral eyes consisting of minute reddish brown spots without ommatidia ..

P. sohni, new species

Sixth limb with 14-20 posteroventral bristles on end joint; both terminal bristles on dorsal

margin of mandibular basale long; dorsal margin of mandibular basalc without midbristle;

lateral eyes well developed 4

3. Basale of maxilla with 2 distal bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; carapace of adult female longer

than 1.6 mm P. thrix, new species

Basale of maxilla without distal bristles; carapace of adult female shorter than 1.5 mm

P. mauritania, new species

4. Carapace shorter than 1.45 mm P. muelleri

Carapace longer than 1.55 mm P. alpha, new species
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

FIGURES 4,5

Asterope Mulleri Skogsberg, 1920:483, fig. 89.—Vos, 1957:8,

pi. 3: figs. 2a-f[?].

Cylindroleberis teres (Norman).—Muller, 1894:220, pi. 4: figs.

13, 30, 43, pi. 5: figs. 15, 24, 25, pi. 8: fig. 5.

Asterope teres (Norman) Muller, 1912:46 [part].

Asterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Klie, 1940:409, figs. 7-10[?].

Asteropina mulleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1958:239, figs.

60a-f, 61a-f, 86a-d,g.

Asterope mulleri (Skogsberg).—Reys, 1965b:258 [listed] [?].

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Poulsen, 1965:370, figs.

122-124 [?].—Kornicker, 1974b:36.

HOLOTYPE.—One adult female on slides in Swedish State Museum, Stockholm (Skogsberg, 1920:491).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel off Salcombe,

coast of England.

MATERIAL.—[USNM 139852], 1 ovigerous female in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest, Romania; USNM 139859, 2

ovigerous females, not dissected, 1 juvenile; USNM

143977, 1 ovigerous female.

LOCALITY—[USNM 139852], USNM 139859 from

station X018; USNM 143977 from station X070.

DISTRIBUTION.—In the present collection, the species was collected only off Mauritania at depths of

170-175 m (Figures 2, 3). The species has previously

been described from the Mediterranean Sea, the

English Channel, the Bahamas, the West Indies,

and also from Southwest Africa by Klie (1940), but

that identification is probably incorrect (Poulsen,

1965; Kornicker, 1974b).

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 4, 5).—Carapace tumid in lateral view, greatest height behind valve middle (Figure 5«); incisur

short, placed just below valve middle; ventral,

dorsal, and posterior margins rounded; surface

smooth with minute punctae visible under high

magnification.

Infold (Figure 4r/-/): Infold behind rostrum

with about 4 bristles along list, about 5-7 bristles

between list and incisur, and about 18-21 bristles

anterior and dorsal to list; about 6-8 small bristles

forming row along anterodorsal infold; about 26-30

bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 17-

19 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite

lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list.

List beginning near inner margin of anterior part

of infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens;

posterior list with about 29-30 broad transparent

flaplike bristles and about 17-18 small bristles

forming row mostly anterior to flaplike bristles;

not more than 1 small bristle between adjacent

flaplike bristles; about 17 bristles between broad

posterior list and posterior margin of valve, all

bristles being confined to ventral half of posterior

infold.

Selvage: Very faint lamellar prolongation present along lower margin of incisur.

Size: [USNM 139852], length 1.36 mm, height

0.93 mm; USNM 139859, 2 specimens; length 1.27

mm, height 0.87 mm; length 1.29 mm, height 0.92

mm; USNM 143976, length 1.24 mm, height 0.80

mm.

First antenna (Figure 5c): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd

joint with long spinous dorsal bristle and short

spinous lateral bristle (on holotype, lateral bristle

pointing backward); 3rd joint with minute ventral

bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 3rd joint

plus 4th joint quadrate, separated by distinct suture; 4th joint with distinctly concave distal margin and 3 bristles, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle

and 2 slender spinous ventral bristles (longer of

these just reaching end of stem, shorter reaching

just past middle of 6th joint); sensory bristle of

5th joint long, with 6 terminal filaments; dorsal

margin of 5th joint with short spines forming row

along distal part; medial bristle of 6th joint with

short marginal spines. Seventh joint: a-bristle

almost as long as bristle of 6th joint, with lateral

and medial row of minute teeth along dorsal margin; b-bristle almost reaching tip of sensory bristle

on 5th joint, with 5 filaments including tip of

bristle; c-bristle reaching past sensory filament,

with 4 short filaments near middle and 1 near tip.

Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare and

almost reaching tip of sensory bristle; f-bristle bent

dorsally, with 3 marginal filaments near middle

and 1 near tip; g-bristle similar to c-bristle.

Second antenna (Figure 5d,e): Protopodite with

spines forming clusters along dorsal margin and

dorsal part of medial surface and with small medial

bristle. Endopodite 3-jointed, with terminal bristle

about twice length of stem. Exopodite: 1st joint

with spines forming row near distal margin; bristle

of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint, with spines

along ventral margin; bristles of 3rd to 8th joints
FIGURE 4.—Parasterope muelleri, female, USNM 139859, right valve: a, complete valve, lateral

view, note central muscle scars, X 80; b, detail of "a" showing concentrically ringed pore with

bristle, and small satellite pore to right (light colored diagonal ridge trending from upper left

to lower right is wrinkle that formed probably during freeze-drying operation), X 10,000; c, detail

of "a" showing two minute pores, X 8000; d, detail of posterior list on infold showing flaplike

bristles with pores and tubes at their bases, and also a bristle emerging from pore between two

flaplike bristles, posterior of valve to bottom of photograph, X 3200; e, similar to "d" but from

part of list closer to dorsal margin of valve, X 3200; /, detail of pores and bristles partly shown

at right of "e," X 7500. (Photos reduced to 74%.)
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with natatory hairs; bristles of 3rd to 5th joints

with marginal spines along part of ventral margin;

9th joint with large lateral spine about one-half

length of joint, and 4 bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short with short marginal spines);

basal spines present on joints 3 to 8, spine on

joint 8 about one-half to three-fourths length of

9th joint; joints 2 to 8 with short spines forming

row along distal margin.

Mandible (Figure 5/,g): Coxale endite remained

in mouth of [USNM 139852] and not described

here. Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end

FICURK 5.—Parasterope muelleri, female, [USNM 139852], length 1.36 mm: a, complete specimen

showing position of lateral eye and 1 of 15 eggs in niarsupium; b, sketch of central muscle scars

on left valve, lateral view; c, distal part of 1st antenna; d, joints 7-9 of exopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; e, joints 7-9 exopodite of left 2nd antenna, lateral view; /, part of basale

endite on right mandible, medial view; g, exopodite of right mandible, lateral view; /(, right

maxilla, medial view; i, comb of right 5th limb, lateral view; j , right 6th limb, medial view;

k, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; /, right lateral eye; m, upper lip, anterior to right; n-p,

protistans attached to anterior and posterior of valve margins; q,r, organisms attached to

mandible. (Same magnification in microns: c, h, i; d, e, n-r; f, g; k-tn.)
NUMBER 179 11

bristles, 1 long slender dwarf bristle (about twothirds length of triaenid bristle), elongate peg, and

3 triaenid bristles with 4-5 pairs of marginal spines

excluding terminal pair; 1 triaenid bristle with 2-3

pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair

present on ventral margin of basale near base of

endite and proximal to U-shaped sclerotized process; dorsal margin of basale with 2 long spinous

terminal bristles; medial and lateral surfaces with

long spines forming clusters (no spines present on

dorsal half of medial surface); basale extremely

short with proximal margin oriented at right angle

to dorsal margin. Exopodite hirsute with 2 short

subterminal bristles almost reaching distal end of

dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint. Endopodite:

1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal

bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short spinous proximal bristle and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and dbristles; 1 long spinous lateral bristle present between b- and c-bristles, and c- and d-bristles; 3

medial spinous cleaning bristles present between

b- and c-bristle; 5 medial spinous cleaning bristles

present just proximal to base of c-bristle; 1 long

spinous medial bristle present at base of d-bristle;

medial surface with few spines forming clusters;

end joint with dorsal claw and 5 bristles, 4 long,

1 short, all with spines.

Maxilla (Figure bh): Epipodial appendage hirsute

with pointed tip reaching to about middle of dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3

long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale

hirsute on medial and lateral surfaces and along

dorsal margin; medial surface with 2 bare bristles,

both near dorsal margin (distal bristle about twice

length of proximal bristle); ventral margin with 1

proximal bristle (about same length as distal medial bristle on [USNM 139852], and twice length on

USNM 143977), 1 short distal bristle and 1 long

spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint

with 1 short dorsal bristle and 1 long spinous

6-bristle; end joint with long spinous terminal

bristle about twice length of 6-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure hi): Epipodial appendage

with 58 bristles; comb with 2 short slender bristles

ventral to base of stout spinous exopodial bristle

and 4 additional bristles present near ventral margin of comb.

Sixth limb (Figure 5/): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anteroventral

corner with 2 spinous bristles, lateral flap without

bristles; posteroventral margin with 14-15 spinous

bristles, medial and lateral surfaces hirsute.

Seventh limb: Proximal and distal groups each

with 6 bristles (3 + 3); each bristle with 3 or 4

bells. Terminus consisting of opposing combs, each

with about 12 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws of which posterior 2 are small bristle-like.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 5k): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes (Figure bk,l): Medial eye with faint hairs

on dorsal part; lateral eye about same size as medial eye, with 17 ommatidia.

Posterior: Dorsum twisted on [USNM 139852],

and therefore lateral outline not observable, posterior spinous.

Upper lip (Figure 5m): Upper lip consisting of

2 hirsute lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each

side; 2 anterior spines present on each lobe.

Genitalia: Oval sclerotized process on each side.

Brush organ not observed.

Eggs: [USNM 139852] with 15 eggs; USNM

143977 with 2 eggs, USNM 139859 with 7 eggs.

ATTACHED ORGANISMS.—Organisms attached to

mandible of USNM 139841 (Figure 5n-r).

REMARKS.—The present specimens referred to

P. muelleri differ from those in the original description by Skogsberg (1920:483) in not having

bristles on the dorsal half of the posterior infold

of the carapace and in having longer ventral bristles on the 4th joint of the 1st antenna.

Parasterope alpha, new species

FIGURE 6

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 139841], ovigerous female,

length 1.67 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slides. In collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X031.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the first

letter of the Greek alphabet.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected only at the type-locality

(Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION (Figure 6).—Carapace tumid in

lateral view, greatest height behind valve middle
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(Figure 6a); incisur short, placed just below valve

middle; ventral, dorsal, and posterior margins

rounded; surface smooth with minute punctae visible under high magnification.

Infold: Behind rostrum with about 10 bristles

along list, about 5 bristles between list and incisur,

and about 35 bristles anterior and dorsal to list;

about 12 small bristles forming row along anterodorsal infold; about 50 bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 21 bristles along ventral infold

to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle

on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin

of anterior part of infold, extending along ventral

infold and continuing on posterior infold where it

broadens; posterior broad list with about 22-24

broad transparent bristles and about 30 small bristles, 1 or 2 small bristles between each transparent

bristle; 24-26 bristles between broad posterior list

and posterior margin of valve.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with marginal

fringe present along lower margin of incisur.

Size: [USNM 139841], length 1.67 mm, height

1.19 mm, height 71 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure 66): 1st and 2nd joints with

spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd joint

with short spinous lateral bristle and long spinous

dorsal bristle; 3rd joint with minute ventral bristle

and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 3rd plus 4th

joints quadrate, separated by distinct suture; 4th

joint with concave distal margin and 3 bristles, 1

long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender spinous

ventral bristles (longer of these almost reaching

distal margin of 6th joint, shorter bristle reaching

just past distal margin of 5th joint); sensory bristle

on 5th joint long, with 6 terminal filaments; lateral surface of 5th joint with short spines forming

row along distal part of dorsal margin and dorsal

part of distal margin; medial bristle of 6th joint

with short marginal spines. Seventh joint: a-bristle

almost as long as bristle of 6th joint, with lateral

and medial row of minute teeth along concave

dorsal margin; b-bristle almost reaching tip of

sensory bristle on 5th joint, with 5 filaments including stem (proximal filament only slightly shorter

than terminal filaments); c-bristle reaching past

sensory bristle, with 4 marginal filaments near

middle and 1 near tip. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare and reaching tip of sensory

bristle; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 3 marginal

filaments near middle and 1 near tip; g-bristle

similar to c-bristle.

Second antenna (Figure 6r): Protopodite with

spines forming clusters along dorsal (anterior)

margin and dorsal part of medial surface, and

small medial bristle. Endopodite distinctly 3-jointed,

terminal bristle about twice length of stem.

Exopodite: 1st joint with spines forming rows

along distal part of dorsal margin; 2nd to 8th joints

with short faint spines forming row along distal

margins; bristle of 2nd joint reaching 9th joint,

with short spines along ventral margin; bristles of

3rd to 8th joints with natatory hairs; bristles on

3rd to 5th joint with faint marginal spines along

ventral margin; 9th joint with 1 large lateral spine

about one-half length of joint and 4 bristles (2

long with natatory hairs, 2 short with short marginal spines); small basal spine present on joints

4 to 8.

Mandible (Figure 6d—i): Coxale endue (Figure

df,g): small slender bristle present near base of

ventral branch; ventral branch with about 5

oblique rows of spines (spines in 2 proximal rows

more slender than spines in remaining rows); tip

of ventral branch with 3 minute spines; dorsal

branch with low nodes forming 5 rows along ventral margin and small main spine; margin between

main spine and tip of dorsal branch with minute

spines becoming longer distally; tip of dorsal

branch with short spinelike prolongation; bristle

on dorsal margin of dorsal branch with base some

distance from tip of branch and with marginal

hairs (bristle extending well past tip of dorsal

branch). Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end

bristles, 1 fairly long slender dwarf bristle (more

than three-fourths length of triaenid bristle), elongate glandular peg (Figure 6h), and 3 triaenid

bristles with 5 to 6 pairs of marginal spines, excluding terminal pair; 1 triaenid bristle with 3

pairs of marginal terminal pair; 1 triaenid bristle

with 3 pairs of marginal spines (excluding terminal

pair) present on ventral margin of basale near base

of endite and proximal to U-shaped sclerotized

process (bristle not present on left limb of [USNM

139841]); dorsal margin of basale with 2 long spinous terminal bristles; medial and lateral surfaces

with long spines forming clusters (no spines present on dorsal half of medial surface); basale extremely short with proximal margin oriented at

right-angle to dorsal margin. Endopodite: 1st joint
NUMBER 179

\

FIGURE 6.—Parasterope alpha, new species, female, [USNM 139841], holotype, length 1.67 mm:

a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye; b, right limb of 1st antenna, lateral view;

c, endopodite of 2nd antenna; d, stem of right mandible showing position of exopodite, medial

view; e, stem of left mandible, medial view; /, proximal part of coxale endite of mandible;

g, tip of ventral branch of coxale endite shown in "/**; h, part of basale endite showing one

triaenid bristle, dwarf bristle and glandular peg; i, exopodite and parts of 1st and 2nd endopodial joints of left mandible, medial view; j , left maxilla, medial view; k, comb of right 5th

limb, lateral view; /, left 6th limb, medial view; m, left lateral eye; n, posterior of body,

anterior to left; o, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; p, upper lip, anterior to right. (Same

magnification in microns: b, I; c, i, k; d, e, j , m-p; g, h.)
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin

of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short spinous proximal bristle

and stout spinous a-, b-, o, and d-bristles; 1 long

spinous lateral bristle present between b- and cbristles, and c- and d-bristles; 2-3 medial spinous

cleaning bristles present between b- and c-bristles;

4 or 5 medial spinous cleaning bristles present just

proximal to base of c-bristle; 1 long spinous medial

bristle present at base of d-bristle; medial surface

with few spines forming clusters; end joint with

dorsal claw and 5 bristles, 4 long, 1 short, all with

spines. Exopodite reaching distal margin of 1st

endopodite joint (Figure 6d,e,i).

Maxilla (Figure 6/): Epipodial appendage hirsute, pointed tip reaching to about middle of dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3

long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale

extremely hirsute with long hairs on medial and

dorsal surfaces; medial surface with 2 short bare

bristles, 1 proximal, 1 distal, both near dorsal margin; lateral surface with 1 minute proximal bristle;

ventral margin with 1 short proximal bristle, 1

minute distal bristle, and 1 long spinous terminal

bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short dorsal

bristle and 1 long 6-bristle with faint marginal

spines; end joint with long spinous terminal bristle

extending past 6-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 6k): Epipodial appendage

with 65 bristles; 2 slender bare bristles present

ventral to base of stout spinous exopodial bristle;

4 additional bristles present near ventral margin

of comb, all with marginal spines except distal

slender bristle.

Sixth limb (Figure 6/): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior

margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anteroventral corner with 2 spinous bristles; lateral flap

without bristles; posteroventral margin with 17-20

spinous bristles; medial and lateral surfaces hirsute.

Seventh limb: Proximal and distal groups each

with 6 bristles (3 + 3); each bristle with 3 or 4

bells. Terminus consisting of opposing combs, each

with 12 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws of which posterior 2 are small bristle-like; claws 1 to 7 with teeth

along posterior margins; some main claws with

hairs along anterior margins.

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate with rounded tip

(Figure 6o).

Eyes: Medial eye with faint hairs on dorsal part

(Figure 6o); lateral eye about same size as medial

eye, with 12 or 13 ommatidia (Figure 6m).

Posterior: Dorsum forming right angle; posterior

with long hairs and spines; 5-6 minute lateral

cresents fringed with short spines present on each

side of dorsum (Figure 6rc).

Upper lip: Consisting of 2 hirsute lobes and

hirsute lateral flap on each side; 2 anterior spines

present on each lobe; 1 anterior spine on saddle

between lobes (Figure 6p).

Genitalia: Oval sclerotized process on each side.

Brush organ not observed.

Eggs: [USNM 139841] with 6 well-developed

eggs or larvae in marsupium.

COMPARISONS.—P. alpha is very close to Parasterope mueUeri (Skogsberg, 1920) but has a larger

carapace, length 1.67 mm compared to maximum

length of 1.41 mm for P. muelleri. In addition to

carapace size, P. alpha has fewer hyaline bristles

and more small bristles along the broad list on the

posterior infold and in having 2 small bristles

between the hyaline bristles in 8 or 9 instances.

The lateral eye on the gravid female of P. alpha

has only 12-13 ommatophores compared to 17 on

P. muelleri.

Parasterope sohni, new species

FIGURE 7

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 141556], ovigerous female,

length 1.78 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slide, in collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest Romania.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X054.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named in honor of

Dr. I. Gregory Sohn.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS.—USNM 141829, 1 A-l

male, Station X043.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected off Spanish Sahara and

Mauritania at depths of 480-534 m (Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figure 7).—Carapace

elongate in lateral view, greatest height at valve

middle (Figure 7a); dorsal and ventral margins

evenly rounded and subparallel; incisur just below

valve middle (Figure 7b); posterodorsal margin

angular.

Infold (Figure 7 c): Behind rostrum with about
NUMBER 179 15

FIGURE 7 Parasterope sohni, new species, female, [USNM 141556], holotype, length 1.78 mm:

a, complete specimen showing position of eggs; b, anterior of right valve, bristles not shown,

medial view; c, posterior of left valve, medial view; d, distal part of 1st antenna (not all bristles

shown); e, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; /, basale, exopodite, and part of 1st endopodial

joint of left mandible, lateral view; g, right maxilla (dorsal bristles on basale not shown), medial

view; h, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view; i, left 6th limb, medial view; /, tip of 7th limb;

k, right lateral eye (reddish brown); /, left lateral eye, protopodite of left 2nd antenna, and

part of 1st and 2nd joints of 1st antenna (all shown in natural position on animal); m, upper

lip, anterior to right; n, posterior part of animal, anterior to left. (Same magnification in

microns: c, e, k-n; e, f, j ; g, h.)
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

6 bristles along list, about 10 bristles between list

and incisur, and about 25 bristles anterior and

dorsal to list; about 25 bristles on broad anteroventral infold; about 10 bristles along ventral

infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike

bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner

margin of anterior part of infold (Figure 7b), extending along ventral infold and meeting with

slight overlap the posteroventral corner of broad

posterior list; broad posterior list with about 21

broad transparent bristles, 2-4 long bristles on

anterior part, and about 25 short bristles, 1 or 2

short bristles betweeen each transparent bristle;

about 8 short bristles and 5 faint processes between

broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve;

dorsal part of posterior infold with field of about

21 minute processes.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with marginal

fringe along lower margin of incisur.

Size: [USNM 141556], holotype, length 1.78

mm, height 0.88 mm, height 49 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure Id): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; terminal margin of 1st joint with small process just

dorsal to midline on medial side; 2nd joint with

short spinous lateral bristle and long spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint with minute ventral bristle

and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 3rd plus 4th

joints wider than long, separated by distinct suture; 4th joint with concave distal margin and 3

bristles, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender

spinous (very faint spines) ventral bristles (longer

of these almost reaching middle of 6th joint, shorter

bristles reaching just past middle of 5th joint); 4th

joint with minute spines forming single row on

lateral surface; sensory bristle of 5th joint long,

with 6 terminal filaments; no spines on 5th joint;

medial bristle of 6th joint with few marginal

spines. Seventh joint: a-bristle shorter than bristle

of 6th joint; b-bristle reaching past tip of sensory

bristle of 5th joint, with 5 filaments including stem

(proximal filament just reaching past proximal end

of next filament); c-bristle reaching past sensory

bristle, with 9 marginal filaments plus 1 near tip.

Eighth joint: d-bristle minute; e-bristle bare and

reaching tip of sensory bristle; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 3 marginal filaments, tip bifurcate; gbristle slightly longer than c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments, tip bifurcate.

Second antenna: Protopodite with short spines

forming rows on dorsal part of medial surface, and

small medial bristle. Endopodite 3-jointed but distal joint not marked by suture (marked only by

break in sclerotization of vestment); terminal bristle about one and one-half length of stem. Exopodite: 1st joint with long hairs forming clusters

along distal part of dorsal margin; 2nd to 8th

joints with short faint spines forming row along

distal margins; bristle of 2nd joint just reaching

9th joint, with fairly long spines along ventral

margin and a few hairs proximally along dorsal

margin; bristles of 3rd to 8th joints with natatory

hairs; 9th joint with minute lateral spine with

square tip consisting of 5 points, and 3 bristles

(2 long with natatory hairs, 1 short and either

bare or with minute faint marginal spines); minute

basal spines present on joints 6 to 8.

Mandible (Figure 7/): Coxale endite: small

slender bristle present near base of ventral branch;

ventral branch with 5 or 6 oblique rows of rather

short spines; tip of ventral branch with 3 minute

teeth; 1 additional minute spine present on dorsal

margin just proximal to tip; dorsal branch with

7 or 8 angular nodes along ventral margin and

small main spine; margin between main spine and

tip of dorsal branch with minute spines (tip of

branch obscure on single endite examined; dorsal

branch of right mandible absent, possibly remained

in mouth of specimen); dorsal margin of branch

dentate distally. Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles, 2 short dwarf bristles, elongate

glandular peg and 3 triaenid bristles with 6-9 pairs

of marginal spines (excluding terminal pair); dorsal margin of basale with spinous midbristle, and

2 spinous terminal bristles (lateral of these slightly

shorter than midbristle; medial bristle reaching

past middle of end joint of endopodite; both

bristles missing on left limb). Endopodite: 1st joint

with 3 long spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin

of 2nd joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal

margin with short stout spines forming row proximal to single proximal bristle, and stout spinous

a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles; 1 long spinous lateral

bristle present between b- and c-bristles, and c- and

d-bristles; 1 short spinous bristle (slightly medially)

present between a- and b-bristles; 2 medial spinous

cleaning bristles between b- and c-bristles; 5 medial

spinous cleaning bristles forming oblique row from

point just proximal to b-bristle to point just proximal to base of c-bristle; 1 long spinous medial
NUMBER 179 17

bristle (about three-fourth length of d-bristle) present just distal to base of d-bristle; medial surface

with few short spines forming rows; end joint with

dorsal claw and 5 bristles, 4 long, 1 short, all with

spines. Exopodite hirsute distally, with 2 short

bristles reaching distal margin of 1st endopodite

joint.

Maxilla (Figure 7g): Epipodite appendage hirsute, with pointed tip reaching to about middle of

dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles,

3 long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles.

Basale with hairs on medial surface and dorsal

margin; medial surface with 1 short proximal

bristle near dorsal margin; lateral surface with 1

proximal bristle (longer than proximal bristle on

medial surface); ventral margin with 1 proximal

backward-pointing bristle and 1 short distal bristle

(latter bristle with base on lateral surface) and

long spinous terminal bristle; dorsal margin with

short distal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1

short dorsal bristle and 1 long 6-bristle with faint

marginal spines; end joint with long spinous terminal bristle extending just past end of 6-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure lh): Epipodial appendage

with 58 bristles; 1 slender bare bristle ventral to

base of stout spinous exopodial bristle; 4 additional bristles (2 pairs) near ventral margin of

comb; 1 additional bristle almost on ventral edge

of comb near proximal paired bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 7i): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior

margin with 1 upper bristle and 1 lower bristle;

anteroventral corner with 3 spinous bristles; lateral flap without bristles; posteroventral margin

with 6 or 7 bristles near middle; medial and lateral

surfaces hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure If): Proximal and distal

groups each with 6 bristles (3 + 3); each bristle

with 3 to 5 bells. Terminus with opposing combs,

each with 12-14 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 10 claws of which posterior 2 or 3 are small bristle-like; claws 1 to 7 with

long and short teeth along posterior margins; some

main claws with hairs along anterior margins.

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate, 1-jointed, with

rounded tip (Figure le).

Eyes: Medial eye without pigment, bare (Figure

7e); lateral eye minute, consisting of reddish brown

pigment spots without ommatidia (Figure Ik,I).

Posterior: Dorsum consisting of short spinous

thumblike process (Figure 7??).

Upper lip: Consisting of 2 hirsute lobes and

hirsute lateral flap on each side; 1 or 2 minute

anterior spines present on each lobe and 1 longer

slender spine on anterior of saddle between lobes

(Figure 7m).

Genitalia: Oval sclerotized process on each side

(Figure In). Brush organ not observed.

Eggs: [USNM 141556] with 4 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION A-l MALE.—Carapace similar in

shape to female; USNM 141829, length 1.65 mm,

height 0.83, height 50 percent length.

First antenna: Sensory bristle of 5th joint with

1 short proximal and 6 long terminal filaments.

Second antenna: Endopodite 3-jointed: 1st joint

bare; 2nd joint elongate with 2 short distal bristles;

3rd joint elongate with 1 proximal bristle, tip

rounded.

Mandible: Similar to that of female in having 1

short and 1 long terminal bristle on dorsal margin

of basale; dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite joint

of endopodite with 2 proximal bristles.

Sixth limb: Middle of end joint with 4 or 5 short

bristles, anteroventral corner of end joint with 3

short bristles; anterior margin of limb with upper

and lower bristles.

Seventh limb: Each limb with 12 bristles, 6 proximal (3 + 3), 6 terminal (3 4- 3).

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; posterior 2

small, bristle-like.

Rod-shaped organ: Similar to that on female.

Eyes: Lateral eye minute, similar to that of adult

female. Medial eye similar to that of female.

Posterior: Thumblike spinous process similar to

that of female.

Upper lip: Similar to that of female.

REMARKS.—The presence of a short proximal

bristle on A-l stage of a species of Parastnope was

previously reported by Kornicker (in Bowman and

Kornicker, 1967:16) on Pnrastrropr pollcx Kornicker, 1967.

COMPARISONS.—The new species, Parnsteropc

sohni, differs from previously described species by

having the following combination of characters:

lateral eyes consisting of minute reddish brown

spots without ommatidia; terminal bristles on dorsal margin of mandibular basale consisting of 1
18

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

long bristle and 1 very short bristle; sixth limb

with 6 or 7 bristles at middle of ventral margin.

Parasterope mauritania, new species

FIGURES 8, 9

HOLOTYPE.— [USNM 139860], ovigerous female,

length 1.35 mm. Right valve and some appendages

in alcohol; left valve and remaining appendages on

slides. Deposited in Museum of Natural History

"Grigore Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X041.

PARATYPES.—USNM 141102, 1 juvenile male, deposited in NMNH; [USNM 141103], 1 juvenile

male deposited in Museum of Natural History

"Gigore Antipa," Bucharest; USNM 141104, 3 juveniles deposited in NMNH. Paratypes from same

sample as holotype.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS.—USNM 141825, 1 adult

female, length 1.41 mm, height 0.65 mm, height 46

percent of length; USNM 141826, 1 A-l male,

length 1.32 mm, height 0.60 mm, height 45 percent

of length (3 copepodids in carapace); USNM

141827, 1 A-l male, length 1.36 mm, height 0.65

mm, height 48 percent of length, USNM 141825,

141826 from Thalossa station X068; USNM 141827

from Thalassa station XO57.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at three stations off

Mauritania at depths of 52-96 m (Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 8, 9a-o).—

[USNM 139860] with 21-23 hyaline spines on

broad list on posterior infold, and 17 long bristles

between broad list and posterior margin of valve

(Figures 8, 9b). Size: length 1.35 mm, height 0.64

mm, height 47.4 percent of length. Carapace otherwise similar to that of P. aberrata described by

Skogsberg (1920:504).

First antenna (Figure 9c): Longer of 2 ventral

bristles on 4th joint just reaching distal margin of

6th joint. Limb otherwise similar to that of P.

aberrata described by Skogsberg (1920:506).

Second antenna (Figure 9c/-/): Endopodite: terminal bristle on endopodite 2.50-2.75 times length

of stem; 2nd and 3rd joints fused, but presence of

3rd joint indicated by slight change in outline at

usual position of suture on other species. Protopodite with few spines forming clusters along anterodorsal margin. Exopodite with long hairs forming

cluster distally on dorsal margin of 1st joint. Limb

otherwise as described for P. aberrata by Skogsberg

(1920:506).

Mandible (Figure 9g): Coxale endite with small

bristle near base of ventral branch. Basale endite

with 4 end bristles (1 of these quite short), 2

triaenid bristles with about 9 pairs of marginal

spines excluding terminal pair, reduced glandular

peg, and 2 subequal dwarf bristles. Endopodite:

medial surface of 2nd joint with 1 short cleaning

bristle between b- and c-bristles, but closer to

b-bristle, 4 cleaning bristles forming row with

longest bristle just proximal to c-bristle, and minute

spines forming 2 short rows (about 5 to 8 spines

in each row) near middle of dorsal half of surface.

Limb otherwise as described for P. aberrata by

Skogsberg (1920:506).

Maxilla (Figure 9h,i): Epipodial appendage

short, faintly hirsute. Basale hirsute; medial surface with 1 short proximal bristle and 1 longer

bristle near tip of epipodite, both bristles near

dorsal margin; lateral surface with 1 short proximal

bristle; ventral margin with 1 backward pointing

proximal bristle. Endopodite similar to limb of PT

aberrata described by Skogsterg (1920:508).

Fifth limb (Figure 9;): Epipodial appendage

with about 53 bristles. Lateral surface of comb with

1 bristle just ventral to base of stout exopodial

bristle and 5 bristles near ventral margin.

Sixth limb (Figure 9k,I): Medial surface witl,

minute bristle in proximal anterior corner. Liml

otherwise like limb of P. aberrata described by

Skogsberg (1920:508).

Seventh limb, furca, rod-shaped organ, and medial eye (Figure 9m): Similar to limbs of P. aberrata described by Skogsberg (1920:508).

Lateral eye: About same size as medial eye, pigmen ted, with 12-13 ommatidia.

Upper lip: Each lobe with 2 medial spines

(Figure 96).

Posterior: Dorsum consisting of short process

with spines; posterior with short hairs along margin (Figure 9n).

Eggs: [ USNM 139860] with 4 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE (Figure 9p-u).—

Shape in lateral view similar to adult female except

for more acuminate posterodorsal margin. Size:

USNM 141102, length 1.37 mm, height 0.65 mm,

[USNM 141103], length 1.45 mm, height 0.69 mm

USNM 141826, length 1.32 mm, height 0.60 mn
NUMBER 179 19

FIGURE 8.—Paraslerope Mauritania, new species, female, [USNM 139860], holotype, length 1.35

mm, left valve, medial view: a, complete valve, X 70; b, detail of "a" showing anterior part,

X 200; c, detail of "a" showing posterior part, posterior of valve (towards top), X 280; d, detail

of "c" showing list with two single bristles and flaplike bristle with single pore and several

collapsed tubes at its base, X 5000; e, detail of "c" showing pores at base of a flaplike bristle

on list, X 5000; /, detail of "c" showing a scooplike process (second from dorsal end; see arrow

on "c"), two lipped pores (broken scooplike processes?) and 15 minute pores containing bottleshaped processes, X 1000; g, detail of "/" showing a lipped pore (see arrow in "//' X 7000;

h, i, detail of "f" showing scooplike process, X 7000; ;', detail of "/" showing three pores with

bottle-shaped process, X 5000; k, oblique view of pore with bottle-shaped process, X 10,000;

/, same as "k," X 20,000. (Photos reduced to 53%.)
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 179 21

First antenna: Sensory bristle of 5th limb similar

to that of adult female.

Second antenna (Figure 9q,u): Endopodite 3

jointed with long proximal filament on 3rd joint;

9th joint of exopodite with 4 bristles.

Mandible, maxilla (Figure 9r), 5th limb, posterior, rod-shaped organ, and medial eye: similar to

those organs on adult female.

Sixth limb: Limbs of USNM 141102 and [USNM

141103] with no posteroventral bristles, limbs of

USNM 141826 with 1 short bristle in middle of

ventral margin.

Seventh limb: Similar to adult female except

short bristles tapering distally on both specimens

examined. Long bristles also tapering on smaller

specimen.

Furca: Similar except possibly with one less claw

(not examined in detail).

Lateral eye (Figure 9s): Larger than on female,

with about 20 ommatidia.

PARASITES.—Two larval copepods inside the carapace of USNM 141826, a juvenile (A-l) male.

COMPARISONS:.—The 6th limbs of Parasterope

aberrata (Skogsberg 1920), P. nana Poulsen, 1965,

some specimens of P. corrugata Poulsen, 1965, and

the new species, P. manritanio, have no posteroventral bristles on the 6th limb. The basale of the maxilla of P. mauritania bears a single bristle near the

dorsal margin opposite the tip of the epipodite.

This bristle is not present on P. aberrata. The

FIGURE 9.—Parasterope Mauritania, new species. Female,

[USNM 139860], holotype, length 1.35 mm: a, complete

specimen showing position of eggs and lateral eye, and detail

of lateral eye; b, posterior of right valve, medial view; c,

distal end of 1st antenna (filaments not shown on bristles of

7th and 8th joints); d, endopodite of right 2nd antenna,

medial view; e, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, lateral view;

/, 9th joint of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view;

g, exopodite of right mandible, lateral view; h, exopodite

and proximal part of basale of left maxilla, medial view;

i, same, right maxilla; /, comb of right 5th limb, lateral

view; k, anterior part, left 6th limb, medial view; /, anterodorsal corner showing dwarf bristle of left 6th limb, medial

view; m, rod-shaped organ and part of medial eye; n, dorsum,

anterior to left; o, upper lip, anterior to left. Juvenile male,

[USNM 141103], length 1.4.5 mm: /;, complete specimen; q,

endopodite and exopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view;

r, proximal part of right maxilla, medial view; s, left lateral

eye. Juvenile male, USNM 141102, length 1.37 mm: /,

complete specimen; u, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial

view. (Same magnification in microns: b, d-f, n, u; c, j , k,

q; g, r; h, i, I; m, o, s.)

female carapace of P. mauritania is shorter than

that of P. aberrata, 1.35-1.41 mm compared to

1.65-1.71 mm. The carapace of P. nana and P. corrugata differs from that of P. mauritania in lacking

processes on the posterior infold.

Parasterope thrix, new species

FIGURE 10

HOLOTYPE.— [USNM 141261], ovigerous female,

length 1.68 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slide. Deposited

in Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa,"

Bucharest, Romania.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X048.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected only at type-locality

(Figures 2, 3).

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name, from the Greek

thrix (hair) refers to the distal bristle present on

the dorsal margin of the basale of the maxilla.

DESCRIPTION.—Holotype with 22 hyaline spines

on broad list on posterior infold, and 34 long

bristles between broad list and posterior margin of

valve; 38 short bristles distributed along inner

margin of broad list anterior to hyaline bristles,

1 to 2 short bristles between each pair of hyaline

bristles (3 or 4 of the short bristles near ventral

margin much longer than others). Carapace otherwise similar to that of P. aberrata described by

Skogsberg (1920:504). Size: [USNM 141261],

length 1.68 mm, height 0.84 mm, height 50 percent

of length (Figure \0a).

First and second antenna (Figure 10/;): Similar

to those of P. mauritania, new species.

Mandible (Figure l0c-e): [USNM 141261], 2nd

joint of endopodite of left limb with 1 cleaning

bristle between a- and b-bristles, 3 cleaning bristles

between b- and c-bristles, and 5 cleaning bristles

forming oblique row near base of c-bristle; right

limb with 3 cleaning bristles between b- and cbristles and 6 cleaning bristles forming oblique row

near base of c-bristle; medial surface of 2nd joint

with minute spines forming about 5 rows; limb

otherwise similar to that of P. mauritania.

Maxilla (Figure 10/): Hairs not observed on

epipodial appendage. Limb similar to that on P.

mauritania except for having 2 additional bristles

on basal; 1 distal bristle on dorsal margin, 1 distal

bristle on ventral margin.
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Parasteropc Ihrix, new species, female, [USNM 141261], holotype, length 1.68 mm:

a, complete specimen; b, endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, tip of ventral branch of coxale endite

of left mandible, lateral view; d, tip of dorsal branch of coxale endite of right mandible, medial

view; e, cxopodite and 1st endopodite joint of left mandible, medial view; /, distal part of

basale, and endopodial joints of left maxilla, medial view; g, right 6th limb, medial view;

h, rod-shaped organ; i, detail of distal half of rod-shape organ shown in "h"; j , medial eye;

k, lateral eye; /, dorsiim; m, upper lip, anterior view; n, same as "in," lateral view, anterior to

right. (Same magnification in microns: c, d, j , i; h, j-n.)
NUMBER 179 23

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with 57 or 58

bristles. Limb otherwise similar to that of P.

mauritania.

Sixth limb (Figure 10g): Medial bristle in proximal anterior corner not observed with certainty.

Limb otherwise similar to that on P. mauritania.

Seventh limb: Similar to that on P. mauritania

and P. aberrata.

Lateral eye (Figure 10&): About same size as

medial eye and with 17 ommatidia.

Posterior: Dorsum consisting of short process

with spines (Figure 10/).

Medial eye and rod-shaped organ (Figure \Oh-j):

Medial eye with dorsal hairs. Rod-shaped organ 2-

jointed with rounded tip.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; posterior 3

claws small.

Upper lip (Figure \0m,n): Each lobe with 2

spines.

Eggs: [USNM 141261] with 5 eggs in marsupium.

COMPARISONS.—The maxilla of P. thrix differs

from that of P. aberrata, P. nana, and P. mauritania

in having a distal bristle on both the dorsal and

ventral margins of the basale. Neither P. nana nor

P. corrugata Poulsen have processes on the posterior infold.

Parasterope species indeterminate

MATERIAL.—USNM 141817, 8 juveniles, Station

X041.

Synasterope Poulsen, 1965

One species of Synasterope was collected: S. bensoni, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of this genus are widespread from latitudes of about 30°N to 73°S and

depths of 1-4450 m (Kornicker, in press). The

genus was represented in the present collections in

samples collected off Spanish Sahara and Mauritania at depths of 14-270 m.

Synasterope bensoni, new species

FIGURES 11-14

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 141270], ovigerous female,

length 1.17 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slide; in collection of the Museum of Natural History, "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X048.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named in honor of

Dr. Richard H. Benson.

ALLOTYPE.—[USNM 141271], adult male, length

1.14 mm. Valves and some appendages in alcohol,

remaining appendages on slide; from station X048;

in collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest.

PARATYPE.—USNM 141264, adult female, length

1.28 mm. Valves and appendages in alcohol; station

X048.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS.—USNM 141822, 1 adult

female from Thalassa station X068; USNM 143972,

1 adult female from Cornicle de Saavedra station

A8a, sample 15; USNM 141561, 1 adult female from

Thalassa station XO23.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at four stations off

Mauritania at depths of 14-270 m (Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 11-13).—Carapace oval in lateral view with slitlike incisur below

valve middle; holotype with straight dorsal margin

(Figure 13«); posterior evenly rounded or with

ventral corner more oblique than dorsal corner

(Figures 13^,^).

Infold (Figure 11/, \2a-e): Between list and

anterodorsal margin of rostrum with about 21

bristles; list and area below list with about 6 bristles; about 18 bristles present on infold below

incisur to point on ventral margin where single

row of bristles starts; infold on ventral margin with

about 7 bristles; posterior ridge with about 30 very

faint flaplike bristles, and about 10 short bristles;

about 7 bristles present between posterior ridge

and posterior valve margin (most in ventral half

of valve); no posterior processes.

Size: [USNM 141270], ovigerous female, length

1.17 mm, height 0.75 mm; height 64.1 percent of

length; USNM 141264, adult female, length 1.28

mm, height 0.80 mm, height 62.5 percent of length;

USNM 141822, adult female, length 1.21 mm,

height 0.67 mm, height 55 percent of length; USNM

143972, adult female, length 1.11 mm, height 0.67

mm, height 60 percent of length; USNM 141561,

1 adult female, length 1.37 mm, height 0.79 mm,

height 0.58 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure \$b): 1st joint with long

spines on medial surface near ventral margin; 2nd

joint with short spines forming clusters on medial
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 11.—Synasterope bensoni, new species, female, USNM 143972, right valve: a, complete

valve, lateral view, X 75; b, detail of "a" showing pore with bristle and four small rimmed

pores without bristles, X 1900; c, detail of "b" showing concentrically rimmed pore with

bristle and rimmed satellite pore, X 9500; d, pore with short hair and rimmed satellite pore on

valve surface anterior to central muscle, X 8500; e, small unrimmed pore with hair and small

unrimmed satellite pore, X 17,000; /, complete valve, medial view, X 75; g, detail of "/" showing

anterior part, X 320; h, detail of "g" showing fringed lamellar prolongation on selvage along

inner part of lower margin of incisur, X 315; i, detail of "/" showing central adductor muscle

scars (faint discs), X 500; /, detail of central adductor muscle scars shown in "i," X 2000;

k, detail of muscle scar near center of ";," X 10,000; I, detail of "/" showing middle part of

posteroventral infold, X 1000. (Photos reduced to 52%.)
NUMBER 179 25

FIGURE 12 Synasterope bensoni, new species, female, USNM 143972, right valve, medial view:

a, posteroventral infold near ventral end, X 1000; b, posteroventral infold near dorsal end

(white objects indicated by arrows are debris), X 890; c,d,e, details of broad posteroventral list

showing pores and bristles, X 1000; /, serrate margin of posteroventral selvage X 20,000. (Photos

reduced to 78%.)
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13 Synasterope bensoni, new species. Female, [USNM 141270], holotype, length 1.17

mm: a, complete specimen showing position of eggs; b, tip of 1st antenna (not all bristles

shown), lateral view; c, exopodite of left mandible, lateral view; d, terminal bristles on dorsal

margin of basalc of right mandible, medial view; e, left maxilla, medial view, /, comb of right

5th limb, lateral view; g, right 6th limb, medial view; h, antcroventral part of left 6th limb,

lateral view; i, tip of 7th limb, j , medial eye and rod-shaped organ; k, right lateral eye;

I, posterior of body, anterior to right (not all furcal claws shown); m, upper lip, anterior to

left. Female, USNM 141264, length 1.28 mm: n, complete specimen showing position of lateral

eye; o, central muscle scars on right valve, lateral view; p, endopodite of left 2nd antenna,

medial view; q, terminal bristles on dorsal margin of basale of left mandible, lateral view;

r, rod-shaped organ. Female, USNM 141561, length 1.39 mm: s, complete specimen showing

position of lateral eye; t, lateral eye. (Same magnification in microns: b, e, h; c, i; d, p-r;

f, m, j-l, t.)
NUMBER 179 27

and lateral surfaces, especially near ventral margin

lateral surface without bristle; dorsal margin with

long spinous bristle; 3rd joint weakly separated

from 4th joint on medial side, with short ventral

bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles; combined 3rd

and 4th joints slightly wider than long; 4th joint

with 1 long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 spinous

ventral bristles; longer of 2 ventral bristles twice

length of shorter bristles, reaching past 8th joint;

sensory bristle of 5th joint long, slender with 6

terminal filaments; distomedial bristle of 6th joint

spinous, reaching past a-claw of 7th joint. Seventh

joint: a-claw with blunt tip; b-bristle with 3 marginal filaments, tip bifurcate; c-bristle with 6 filaments including stem. Eighth joint: d-bristle consisting of minute spine; e-bristle bare, just reaching

tip of a-bristle of 7th joint; f-bristle bent, with 5

filaments including stem; g-bristle with 6 filaments

including stem.

Second antenna (Figure 13p): Protopodite with

minute distomedial bristle, and with spines along

ventral margin. Endopodite small, weakly 3-jointed,

with terminal filament. Exopodite: 1st joint bare;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching past 9th joint and

with abundant spines along ventral margin; joints

4 to 9 with large basal spines; joints 2 to 8 with

short spines forming row along distal margin; bristles on joints 2 to 8 with marginal spines and

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles (an additional short bristle on USNM 141561), all with

marginal spines; 2 longer bristles of 9th joint with

natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure \Sc,d,q ): Coxale endite broken

off holotype. Basale endite with 4 spinous end

bristles, 1 dwarf bristle (USNM 141561 with 2

dwarf bristles), 3 triaenid bristles with 3-4 pairs

of marginal spines excluding terminal pair, and

prominent glandular peg; 1 triaenid bristle with 4

FIGURE 14 Synasterope bensoni, new species, adult male, [USNM 141271], length 1.14 mm:

a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye; b, distal part of 1st antenna (all bristles

not shown); c, endopodite and joints 1-8 of left 2nd antenna, medial view; d, detail of

endopodite shown in "c"; e, coxale endite of left mandible, medial view; /, medial eye and

rod-shaped organ; g, right lateral eye; h, upper lip, anterior to right; i, right copulatory organ,

anterior to right, lateral view. (Same magnification in microns: /-/.)
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

pairs of marginal spines excluding terminal pair

present on basale near base of endite and proximal

to U-shaped sclerotized process. Dorsal margin of

basal with 2 subterminal bristles, 1 long, 1 short;

midbristle absent. Exopodite about three-fourths

length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint; tip

with 2 short bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3

long spinous ventral bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd

joint with 1 short proximal bristle, and stout spinous

a-, b-, c, and d-bristles, c-bristle slightly wider and

shorter than d-bristle; no lateral bristle present

between b- and c-bristles (USNM 141561 with short

cleaning bristle between b- and c-bristle); 3 short

cleaning bristles present just proximal to base of

c-bristle (USNM 141561 with 5 short bristles here);

1 long spinous lateral bristle present between cand d-bristles; 1 medium length spinous medial

bristle present just distal to base of d-bristle; ventral margin and 2nd joint with 3 long spinous

terminal bristles; medial surface of joint with few

faint spines forming clusters. End joint with short

straight dorsal claw, 1 short spinous medial bristle,

and 4 long spinous bristles.

Maxilla (Figure \Se): Epipodite hirsute, with

elongate tip. Endite I with 3 long bristles and 1

short bristle; endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale

with faint hairs along dorsal margin; medial surface with 1 short bristle near base of epipodite;

dorsal margin with 1 short bristle just distal to

mid length; ventral margin with 1 short backwardpointing proximal bristle, 1 minute distal bristle

and 1 long spinous terminal bristle. First endopodite joint with 1 short dorsal bristle and long

slender spinous 6-bristle; 2nd joint with 1 long

stout spinous bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 13/): 1 short slender bristle

present on comb ventral to base of long spinous

exopodial bristle; 4 additional bristles present close

to ventral margin.

Sixth limb (Figure 13g,fc): Anterior margin with

1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anterior tip with 3

spinous bristles plus 1 short slender bristle on lateral flap; posteroventral margin with 13-15 bristles;

limb hirsute. On USNM 141561, lower anterior

bristle almost twice length of upper bristle, and

with minute anterodorsal bristle. USNM 141822

with 9 posteroventral bristles and 4 bristles on anterior tip in addition to 1 on lateral flap; left limb

only with 1 upper and 2 lower bristles on anterior

margin.

Seventh limb (Figure 13i): Proximal and distal

group each with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each

bristle with 3 to 4 bells; opposing terminal combs

each with about 13 spinous teeth.

Rod-shaped organ and eyes (Figure 13/,r): Rodshaped organ elongate, 1- or 2-jointed with slender

proximal half and bulbous distal half, tip rounded

(Figure ISj,r) medial eye pigmented, with dorsal

hairs (Figure 13/); lateral eye pigmented, about

same size as medial eye, and with 7 ommatidia

(Figure 13k): USNM 141561 with about 12 ommatidia (Figure 13/).

Furca (Figure 13/): Holotype with 8 or 9 claws

on each lamella; posterior 2 or 3 claws bristle-like;

minute spines present on margin of lamella posterior to last claw.

Upper lip (Figure 13m): Lip consisting of 2 hirsute lobes with 2 minute spines on anterior margin

just above lobes; small hirsute flap posterior to

upper lip present on each side of mouth.

Posterior (Figure 13/): Posterior with short hirsute thumblike dorsum (thumblike process not

present on USNM 141561, which has a spinous

dorsum forming almost a right angle.

Eggs: [USNM 141270], with 5 eggs in marsupium.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 14).—Carapace about same size as that of female but with

maximum height slightly anterior to middle, an

evenly rounded posterior, and slightly more open

incisur (Figure \4a). Size: [USNM 141271], length

1.14 mm, height 0.70 mm, height 61.4 percent of

length.

First antenna (Figure 14/;): Joints 1 to 3 similar

to that on female. Longer bristle on ventral margin

of 4th joint just reaching 8th joint; distal margin

of 5th joint extending across limb and well defined;

sensory bristle of 5th joint reaching well past 8th

joint, with abundant filaments; spinous medial

bristle of 6th joint reaching past end of a-claw of

7th joint, with base near middle of distal margin

of joint. Seventh joint: a-claw with pointed tip;

b-bristle with 4 marginal filaments and bifurcate

tip (some filaments spinous); c-bristle with 7 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip (tip of bristle

missing on limb examined). Eighth joint: d-bristle

absent; e-bristle bare, about three-fourths length of

b-bristle; f-bristle bent, with 3 spinous marginal

filaments and bifurcate tip; g-bristle with 5 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. (Note: Unlike

the male Cylindroleberis bncescui, new species,
NUMBER 179 29

which bears long c- and f-bristles, those bristles on

S. bensoni are about the same length in both sexes.)

Second antenna (Figure 14c,d): Protopodite with

minute distomedial bristle, but without surface

spines. Endopodite 3-jointed; 1st joint elongate

bare; 2nd joint with 3 bristles distal to middle of

ventral margin; 3rd joint elongate, reflexed, with

long proximal bristle and serrate tip. Exopodite

similar to that on female.

Mandible (Figure 14e): Coxale endite: slender

bristle present near base of ventral branch; ventral

branch with 5 oblique rows of spines; tip of ventral branch with 3 minute spines; ventral margin

of dorsal branch with nodes forming 5 rows distal

to end of ventral branch and short main spines;

bristle on dorsal margin with base some distance

from tip of branch and with marginal hairs. Basale

and endopodite similar to those on female, except

for 4 instead of 3 cleaning bristles just proximal to

base of c-bristle on male.

Maxilla, fifth limb: Similar to those on female.

Sixth limb: Minute medial bristle present in

proximal anterior corner. Limb similar to that on

female.

Seventh limb: Similar to that on female but only

about 8 teeth observed in terminal combs.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws, posterior 3 or 4

claws bristle-like.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 14/), upper lip (Figure 14/z), posterior: Similar to those on female.

Eyes: Lateral eye larger than that on some females and with 20 ommatidia (Figure 14g). Medial

eye about same size as lateral eye, with dorsal hairs

(Figure 14/).

Copulatory appendage: Lobate with several bristles and hooklike process (Figure 14£).

COMPARISONS.—The new species Synasterope bensoni is distinguished from other species of Synasterope in that one of the two subterminal bristles

on the dorsal margin of the mandibular basale is

extremely short, only about one-sixth the length of

the longer bristle.

REMARKS.—The female, USNM 141561, from

station XO23 differed from the holotype in being

larger, having a very long lower bristle on the anterior of the 6th limb, in having two dwarf bristles

on the coxale endite of the mandible, in having

more ommatophores in the lateral eyes, and being

without a thumblike dorsum. Because the few specimens on hand did not permit proper assessment

of intraspecific variability, it was expedient to include the specimen from station X023 in S. bensoni.

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868

One species of Cylindroleberis was collected: C.

bacescui, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of Cylindroleberis are

known with some certainty only from between longitudes of about 20°W to 130°E and between

latitudes of about 45°N and 24°S and from shallow

depths (intertidal to 52 m). Many species now assigned to several other genera were placed in this

genus by earlier authors. Specimens in the genus

in the present collection were from off Mauritania

at depths of 30-52 m.

Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species

FIGURES 15-18

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 139844], ovigerous female,

length 1.86 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slide, in collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Thalassa station X060.

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named in honor of

Dr. Mihai C. Bacescu, who collected the specimens

described herein.

PARATYPES.—[USNM 139845], adult male; USNM

139848, 1 ovigerous female; USNM 138949, 4 ovigerous females, 9 adult females without eggs, 1

adult male, 15 juveniles; USNM 141105, 1 ovigerous female, 1 A-l male, length 1.92 mm, height

0.76 mm. Paratypes from same sample as holotype.

[USNM 139845] and 2 ovigerous females from

[USNM 139849] are in the Museum of Natural

History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS.—USNM 141818, 1 A-l

male; USNM 141819, 1 A-l male, 1 juvenile male,

1 juvenile female; 1 A-l female (length 1.45 mm,

height 0.62, unextruded small eggs); all from

Thalassa station X041.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at two stations off Mauritania at depths of 30-52 m (Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 15-17).—Carapace elongate with subparallel dorsal and ventral

margins (Figure 17o); anterior margin evenly

rounded with slitlike incisur below valve middle;
FIGURE 15.—Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species, female, USNM 139849A, left valve, lateral

view: a, complete valve showing central muscle scars, dorsal margin of valve folded inward,

X 55; b, detail of "a" showing incisur (note fringed lamellar prolongation along lower margin

of incisur near inner end), X 300; c, detail of "a" showing simple raised pores and pore with

hair, darker area at lower left is caused by central muscle scar, X 2000; d, detail of "c" showing

raised pore, X 10,000; e, detail of "c" showing pore with hair, X 10,000; /, concentrically ringed

pore with bristle and minute satellite pore, X 10,000. (Photos reduced to 78%.)
NUMBER 179 31

posterior slightly more rounded at posteroventral

corner; surface smooth with minute punctae visible

under high magnification.

Infold (Figure 16e-&, 17c): Behind rostrum with

about 3 bristles along list, about 6 bristle forming

row ventral to list near inner end of incisur, and

about 23 long bristles and several small bristles

dorsal to list; about 20 bristles on broad anteroventral infold ventral to incisur; about 21 bristles

along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost

hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of anteror part of

infold, extending along ventral infold and continuing on posterior infold where it broadens;

posterior broad list with about 32 broad transparent bristles and about 19 small bristles, generally no more than 1 small bristle between 2 transparent bristles; 10 bristles between broad posterior

list and posteroventral margin of valve (bristles

confined to area near ventral third-to-half of broad

posterior list); 5 elongate processes present between

broad posterior list and posterior margin of valve;

2—4 minute pores or pegs present near each process.

Selvage: Very faint striate selvage observed

along lower margin of incisur (Figure 16&).

Size: [USNM 139844], holotype, length 1.86 mm,

height 0.78 mm, height 42 percent of length;

USNM 139848, shell torn and distorted, measured

length 1.79 mm, height 0.75 mm, height 42 percent

of length (measurements of USNM 139848 should

not be used in species diagnosis). Four ovigerous

females, USNM 139849 and [USNM 139849]:

length 1.88 mm, height 0.76 mm, height 40 percent

of length; length 1.84 mm, height 0.78 mm, height

42 percent of length; length 1.91 mm, height 0.76

mm, height 40 percent of length; length 1.89 mm,

height 0.79 mm, height 41 percent of length. USNM

141105, length 1.83 mm, height 0.75 mm, height

41 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure 17d-f): 1st joint with

spines on lateral surface near distal dorsal corner

and long hairs on medial surface; 2nd joint with

short spinous lateral bristle and conspicuous

bulge on dorsal margin bearing long spinous dorsal

bristle; 2nd joint without lateral or medial spines

and hairs; 3rd joint with minute ventral bristle

and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles (5th and 6th

bristles adjacent to each other, remaining bristles

isolated; 3rd plus 4th joints quadrate, suture separating them indistinct; 4th joint with sublinear

distal margin and 3 bristles, 1 long spinous dorsal

bristle and 2 slender ventral bristles (longer of

these with short marginal spines and reaching just

past distal end of 8th joint, shorter bristle bare or

with few spines and reaching just past distal end

of 5th joint; sensory bristle of 5th joint long, with

1 short proximal and 6 long terminal filaments;

medial bristle of 6th joint with short marginal

spines. Seventh joint: a-bristle about two-thirds

length of bristle on 6th joint, with minute teeth

forming row near middle of lateral surface; bbristle almost as long as sensory bristle of 5th

joint, with 5 filaments including tip; c-bristle

reaching slightly past sensory bristle of 5th joint

and with 4 marginal filaments near middle and 1

near tip. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle

bare and not quite reaching tip of sensory bristle;

f-bristle bent dorsallly, with 4 short marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip, filaments and

bristle with marginal spines; g-bristle similar to

c-bristle.

Second antenna (Figure 17g): Protopodite bare,

without distomedial bristle. Endopodite weakly 3-

jointed, terminal bristle about one-and-a-half times

length of stem. Exopodite: 2nd to 8th joints with

short spines forming row along distal margins;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching just past 9th joint,

with short marginal spines along ventral and dorsal

margins; bristles of 2nd to 8th joints with natatory

hairs; bristles of 3rd to 5th joints with marginal

spines along proximal part of ventral margin; 9th

joint with 2 long bristles with natatory hairs, 2

short bristles with short marginal spines, and lateral spine about three-fourths length of joint; small

basal spines present on joints 4 to 8.

Mandible (Figure 17h,i): Coxale endite: short

slender bristle present near base of ventral branch;

ventral branch with 5 or 6 oblique rows of spines;

tip of ventral branch with 3 minute spines (ventral

of these stouter and about twice length of 2 dorsal

spines); dorsal branch with small proximal spine

just distal to tip of ventral branch, 4 rows of low

nodes along ventral margin, and short main spine;

margin between main spine and tip of dorsal

branch with minute spines; tip of dorsal branch

with short spinelike prolongation; bristle on dorsal

margin of dorsal branch with base some distance

from tip of dorsal branch and with marginal hairs

(bristle extending well past tip of dorsal branch).

Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles,
32

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 16 Cylindroleberis bacescui, female, USNM 139849A, left valve, medial view: a, complete

valve, dorsal margin folded inward, X 55; b, detail of "a" showing incisur, X 300; c, detail of

"a" showing central muscle scars (note fragments of muscle attached to two scars), X 270;

d, detail of "c" showing lower muscle scar with fragment of attached muscle, X 2000; e,

posteroventral corner of valve, X 200; /, detail of "e" showing list with flaplike bristles and

single bristles between them (minute light colored elliptical objects are bacteria), X 1000;

g, detail of list shown in "/," X 2000; h, detail of "g" showing flaplike bristle with tubes and

pores at its base, X 5000; i, detail of "e" showing two scooplike processes (arrows) and pores

near posterior valve margin, X 1000; ;, detail of "i" showing two pores and upper scooplike

process, X 5000; k, detail of "i" showing lower scooplike process, X 5000; /, detail of "g" showing

bristles on vestment anterior to list, X 5000. (Photos reduced to 52%.)
NUMBER 179

FIGURE 17 Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species, female, [USNM 139844], holotype, length

1.86 mm: a, complete carapace showing position of eggs; /', sketch of central muscle scars on

left valve, medial view; c, detail of posteroventral infold; d, left 1st antenna, medial view;

e, joints 1 and 2 of right 1st antenna lateral view; /, tip of right 1st antenna in "d"; g, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; h, dwarf bristles and 2 triaenid bristles of basale endite

of mandible, medial view; i, basale of right mandible, medial view; /. distal part of right

maxilla, medial view; k, basale of left maxilla, medial view; I, epipodite of right maxilla, medial

view; m, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view; n, left 6th limb, lateral view; o, tip of 7th limb;

p, anterior of animal showing lateral eye, rod-shaped organ, and upper lip; q, posterior showing

dorsum and last 2 claws on right furcal lamella. (Same magnification in microns: c, i; d, j . m;

e, p , q; f, K I; g, o.)
34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

short glandular peg, 2 dwarf bristles (proximal of

these about half length of distal bristle; longer

dwarf bristle about half length of nearest triaenid

bristle), 3 triaenid bristles with 4 or 5 pairs of

marginal spines, excluding terminal pair; 1 triaenid

bristle with 4 pairs of marginal spines (excluding

terminal pair) present on ventral margin of basale

near base of endite and proximal to U-shaped sclerotized process; dorsal margin of basale with 1 short

bare midbristle (on 3 specimens examined midbristle bent medially and not projecting dorsally

from margin) and 2 long spinous terminal bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral

bristles; ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 spinous

terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short proximal bristle and stout spinous a-, b-, c-, and dbristles; no lateral bristle present between b- and

c-bristles; 1 long spinous lateral bristle present between c- and d-bristles; 1 short spinous medial

cleaning bristle present just distal to base of bbristle; 5 cleaning bristles forming oblique row

near base of c-bristle; 1 long spinous medial bristle

present at base of d-bristle (on left limb of holotype this bristle is aberrant, being quite short);

medial surface of 2nd joint with few rows of short

spines; end joint with dorsal claw with few minute

teeth near middle of ventral margin, and 5 spinous

bristles, 4 long, 1 short. Exopodite small, about

one-fourth length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint (length of exopodite including both

terminal bristles).

Maxilla (Figure 17/-/): Epipodial appendage

hirsute with pointed tip reaching past middle of

dorsal margin of basale; endite I with 4 bristles,

3 long, 1 short; endite II with 3 long bristles.

Basale hirsute with faint hairs on medial surface

and dorsal margin; medial surface with 2 short

bristles, 1 proximal, 1 distal, both near dorsal margin; ventral margin with 1 short proximal bristle,

1 minute faint distal bristle, and 1 long spinous

terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with 1 short

dorsal bristle and 1 long 6-bristle with faint marginal spines; end joint with long spinous terminal

bristle extending past 6-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 17m); 2 short slender bristles

present ventral to base of stout spinous exopodial

bristle; 4 additional bristles present near ventral

margin of comb.

Sixth limb (Figure 17n): Medial surface with

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner more than

usual distance from anterior margin; anterior margin with 1 upper and 1 lower bristle; anteroventral

corner with 6 or 7 bristles plus 1 ventrally located

bristle on lateral flap; posteroventral margin with

23-26 spinous bristles; medial surface with hairs

near ventral margin; lateral surface, anterior, posterior and ventral margins hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 17o): Proximal and distal

groups each with 6 bristles (3 + 3), each bristle

with 3 to 5 bells. Terminus consisting of opposing

combs, each with about 14 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; posterior claw

bent backward, most claws with teeth along posterior margins, some with hairs along anterior margin; short spines present on lamella posterior to

bristle-like claw.

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate, broadening near

middle, with rounded tip (Figure 17p).

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 17p); lateral eye

with about 9 large ommatidia; greatest length of

lateral eye about two-thirds greatest length of medial eye.

Posterior: Dorsum spinous, forming small projecting process; posterior with long hairs (Figure

17*).

Upper lip: Consisting of 2 hirsute lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each side; no spines observed

(Figure 17/>).

Genitalia brush organ: Not observed; about 6

minute eggs present in ovaries [USNM 139844].

Eggs: [USNM 139844]—5 eggs; USNM 139848—

8 eggs; USNM 139849, 4 specimens with 5, 9, 15

and 16 eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figure 18).—Carapace differing in lateral outline from female in

having more open incisur and depressed posterodorsal corner (Figure 18a); surface smooth with

minute punctae visible under high magnification;

hairs forming vertical row near posterior end of

valve.

Infold: Behind rostrum without visible list, 7

bristles forming row parallel to upper margin of

incisur and about 30 bristles dorsal to this row;

14 long bristles present parallel to and just within

anteroventral valve margin ventral to incisur; broad

anteroventral infold below incisur with 16 additional bristles; about 18 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike

bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner

margin of incisur, extending along ventral infold
NUMBER 179 35

and continuing onto posterior infold where it

broadens; posterior broad list with about 31 broad

transparent bristles and about 16 small bristles;

generally not more than 1 small bristle between

each pair of hyaline bristles; 12 long bristles

present between posterior list and posteroventral

margin of valve (bristles confined to area near

ventral third-to-half of broad posterior list); 5 elongate processes present between broad posterior list

and posterior margin of valve; several minute pores

(or pegs) present near each process.

Selvage: Faint fringed selvage present along

inner margin of lower edge of incisur.

Size: USNM 139845, length 2.02 mm, height 0.94

mm, height 46.5 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure lSb,c): Medial surface of

1st joint with long hairs forming clusters near

ventral margin; 2nd joint with spines forming

clusters on proximal half of medial surface, 1 spinous dorsal bristle on middle of dorsal margin, and

1 spinous lateral bristle; 3rd joint with 1 short

ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles; 4th

FIGURE 18 Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species, adult male, [USNM 139845], length 2.02 mm:

a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye; b, tip of right 1st antenna, medial view

(not all bristles shown); c, proximal knob on dorsal margin of 6th joint on left 1st antenna,

lateral view; A, endopodite and part of protopodite of 2nd antenna; e, tip of endopodite shown

in "d"; f, tip of ventral branch of coxale endite of mandible; g, epipodite of maxilla; h, rodshaped organ, medial eye, and outline of right lateral eye; i, left lateral eye, anterior to left;

;, upper lip, anterior to right; k, left copulatory organ, anterior to left; /, distal end of basale,

exopodite, 1st endopodial joint, and part of 2nd endopodial joint of right mandible, medial

view (midbristle on dorsal margin of basale, and suture separating 1st and 2nd joints of

endopodite not shown). (Same magnification in microns: h-j; g, e, I; b, c, k.)
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

joint with 1 long spinous dorsal bristle and 2 short

ventral bristles; 5th joint short with terminal margin fully extending across joint on lateral side, on

medial side terminal suture not visible except near

sensory bristle of 5th joint; sensory bristle of 5th

joint reaching past 8th joint and with abundant

filaments; medial bristle of 6th joint located near

dorsal margin and with few marginal spines; ventral margin of 6th joint with indentation at distal

end of muscle extending from 5th joint; dorsal

margin of 6th joint slightly undulating, with proximal protuberance. Seventh joint: a-claw with faint

teeth along ventral margin; b-bristle with 5 spinous marginal filaments, excluding stem; long cbristle with tip missing, 35 filaments on remaining

part. Eighth joint: d-bristle absent; e-bristle bare,

about three-fourths length of b-bristle; long f-bristle

with 33 filaments; g-bristle with 9-10 filaments

including tip.

Second antenna (Figure lSd,e): Protopodite with

few minute spines forming clusters on dorsal part

of medial surface, and without medial bristle.

Endopodite 3-jointed: 1st joint elongate bare; 2nd

joint with 3 bristles distal to middle of ventral

margin; proximal bristle of 3rd joint with stout

proximal part; tip of 3rd joint serrate. Exopodite:

1st joint elongate bare; 2nd to 8th joint with long

hairs forming clusters on inner distal margins;

joints 2-7 with short faint spines forming row

along terminal margins; bristles on joints 2-8 with

natatory hairs; 9th joint obscure on both limbs.

Mandible (Figure 18/,/): Coxale endite similar

to that on female limb. Basale endite with 4 slender

spinous end bristles, 3 slender ventral bristles, 2

dwarf bristles and short glandular peg with numerous pores; additional slender bristle present on

ventral margin of basale near endite (bristles in

place of triaenid bristles are atypical, being very

slender and bare or with only minute marginal

teeth and not much different from end bristles);

dorsal margin of basale with slender midbristle

equal in length to about half width of basale at

its middle (bristle not folded back as on female),

and 2 terminal bristles. Exopodite hirsute with

2 terminal bristles, length less than one fourth

length of dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long ventral bristles;

ventral margin of 2nd joint with 3 terminal bristles; 2nd joint with 3 short proximal bristles, stout

spinous a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles; lateral surface with

long spinous bristle between c- and d-bristles, but

no bristle between b- and c-bristles; medial surface

with 4 cleaning bristles between b- and c-bristles

(one of these almost on dorsal margin of joint), 3

cleaning bristles forming row just proximal to cbristle, 6 cleaning bristles forming row opposite

c-bristle, and 1 long spinous bristle just distal to

d-bristle; medial surface of 2nd joint with short

faint spines forming clusters; 3rd joint similar to

that on limb of female.

Maxilla (Figure 18g), 6th limb, 7th limb: Similar

to those limbs on female.

Fifth limb: Not examined in detail, but, in general, morphology similar to that on female.

Furca: Right lamella with 9 claws, 10 on left;

posterior claw bent backward; claws with more

curvature than those on female.

Rod-shaped organ: Similar to that of female but

some indication of middle suture (Figure ISh).

Eyes: Medial eye bare about same size as lateral

eye; lateral eye with about 18 ommatidia (larger

than lateral eyes on female). (Figure \Sh,i).

Posterior and upper lip (Figure 18;): Similar to

those on female.

Copulatory appendage: Triangular process with

few bristles near elongate tip (Figure \Sk).

COMPARISONS.—The new species C. bacescui is

closely related to C. grimaldi (Skogsberg, 1920).

The criteria by which the two species may be distinguished are as shown in Table 2. Cylindroleberis

TABLE 2.—Comparisons of characters of Cylindroleberis bacescui, new species, and C. grimaldi

(Skogsberg, 1920). (B=with conspicuous bulge under bristle; F=oriented medially; L=sublinear;

P=with proximal protuberance; R = projecting at

right angles; S = smooth)

Characters

Length of female carapace (mm) ...

Length of male carapace (mm)

Number of hyaline bristles on

posterior infold

Male 1st antenna, dorsal margin

of 6th joint

Female 1st antenna, dorsal margin

of 2nd joint

Female mandible, midbristle on

dorsal margin of basale

C. grimaldi* C. bacescui

1.53-1.7

1.7-1.75

18-20

S

L

R

1.83-1.91

2.02

ca.32

P

B

F

• Data based on illustrations by Skogsberg (1920:514, fig99).
NUMBER 179 37

grimaldi var. vicina (Skogsberg, 1920:518) and

Cylindroleberis nodulifera (Poulsen, 1965:449)

differ from C. bacescui in not having a midbristle

on the dorsal margin of the mandibular basale.

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate

MATERIAL.—USNM 141560, Thalassa station

X054, 1 juvenile male, length 1.24 mm, height 0.59

mm, no lateral eyes; USNM 141823, 1 adult male,

Thalassa station X068, length 1.96 mm, height 0.81

mm, resembles C. bacescui, new species, but with no

dorsal midbristle on mandibular basale, and with

6-bristle of maxilla only about two-thirds length of

terminal bristle, 1 female choniostomatid copepod

present in brood chamber.

Prionotoleberis Kornicker, 1974

One species of this genus was collected in the

study area, Prionotoleberis pax, new species.

DISTRIBUTION.—In the present collection, members of the genus were collected off Mauritania at

depths of 96-338 m. Kornicker (1974b:00) reported

another species of the genus from the Gulf of

Naples at a depth of 55 m.

Prinotoleberis pax, new species

FIGURES 19, 20

HOLOTYPE.— [USNM 139842], ovigerous female,

length 1.73 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slides; in collection of the Museum of Natural History "Grigore

Antipa," Bucharest.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Thalassa station X048.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the Latin

pax meaning "peace."

PARATYPE.—[USNM 141107], 1 ovigerous female

from same sample as holotype; USNM 141108, 1

adult female with unextruded large eggs, from same

sample as holotype; USNM 141109, 1 juvenile male,

length 1.67 mm, height 0.81 mm; USNM 141260,

1 juvenile female, length 1.52 mm, height 0.71 mm;

[USNM 141262], 5 specimens including 3 ovigerous

females; USNM 141263, 11 specimens including

3 ovigerous females. All paratypes from same sample as holotype. [USNM 141107] and [USNM

141262] in collection of the Museum of Natural

History, "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS.—USNM 141821, 1 adult

female; USNM 141824, 2 juvenile males, 12 juveniles and adults from Thalassa station X068;

USNM 141828, 1 adult female from Thalassa station X008. All specimens in the collection of the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at three stations off

Mauritania at depth of 96-338m (Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 19, 20).—Carapace elongate with dorsal and ventral margins parallel (Figure 19a); deep incisur placed just below

valve middle; posterior and anterior margins evenly rounded; surface smooth with minute punctae

visible under high magnification.

Infold (Figure \9d-l): Behind rostrum with

about 20 bristles along list, about 21 bristles between list and incisur forming 2 rows, and about 50

bristles anterior and dorsal to list; about 13 small

bristles forming row along anterodorsal infold;

about 75 bristles on broad anteroventral infold;

about 100 bristles along ventral infold to point opposite lowermost hyaline flaplike bristle on posterior list. List beginning near inner margin of

anterior part of infold, extending along ventral

infold and continuing onto posterior infold where

it broadens; posterior broad list with 17 to 18

broad transparent bristles and about 32 small bristles, 1 or 2 small bristles between each transparent

bristle; 6 to 12 bristles between broad posterior

list and posterior margin of valve (bristles opposite

5 ventrally located transparent bristles); 6 faint,

minute processes present between posterior list and

posterior valve margin.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with marginal

fringe present along lower margin of incisur.

Size: [USNM 139842], holotype, length 1.73 mm,

height 0.20 mm; [USNM 141107], length 1.65 mm,

height 0.83 mm; USNM 141108, shell distorted,

length only 1.65 mm; [USNM 141262], 3 ovigerous

females, length 1.70 mm, height 0.82 mm; length

1.69 mm, height 0.78 mm; length 1.74 mm, height

0.81 mm, respectively.

First antenna (Figure 20r): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd

joint with short spinous lateral bristle and long

spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint with short ventral

bristle and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 3rd and
FIGURE 19.—Prionotoleberis pax, new species, female, USNM 141821, right valve: a, complete

valve, lateral view, X 60; b, detail of "a" showing concentrically ringed pore with hair, and

minute satellite pore without hair, X 9000; c, minute isolated simple pore without hair, X 9000;

d, complete valve, medial view, X 60; e, detail of "d" showing anterior part, X 245; /, detail

of "d" showing posteroventral infold, X 190; g, detail of "/" showing list with flaplike bristle

having tube and pores at base, and single bristle on each side (posterior of valve towards

bottom), X 2600; h, detail of base of flaplike bristle shown in "g," X 11,500; i, detail of "f"

(see arrow on "f") showing lowermost posteroventral scooplike process on infold, X 6500;

/', oblique view of scooplike process shown in "i" (note that serrate selvage along posterior

margin of valve, towards top, is missing opposite scooplike process), X 3000; k, detail of "f"

showing middle scooplike process and serrate selvage, along posterior margin of valve (towards

top), X 3300; /, oblique view of uppermost scooplike process in "j" (note discontinuous serrate

selvage along posterior margin of valve, towards top), X 3300. (Photos reduced to 52%.)
NUMBER 179

39

4th joints longer than wide and separated by distinct suture; 4th joint with linear distal margin,

spines along ventral margin and 3 bristles, 1 long

spinous dorsal bristle and 2 slender spinous ventral

bristles (longer of these reaching past end of limb,

shorter bristle reaching just past distal end of 5th

joint); sensory bristle of 5th joint long, with short

proximal bristle and 6 long terminal bristles; medial bristle of 6th joint with short marginal spines.

Seventh joint: a-claw with minute teeth forming

row near middle on lateral and medial sides; bbristle with 5 filaments including tip (some filaments with marginal spines); c-bristle with 4 marginal filaments (tip broken off). Eighth joint:

d-bristle represented by small spine; e-bristle bare,

about three-fourths length of sensory bristle of 5th

joint; f-bristle bent dorsally, with 4 marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip (filaments with

marginal spines); g-bristle with 4 marginal filaments near middle and 1 near tip.

Second antenna (Figure 20d): Protopodite with

spines forming clusters along anterior margin and

anterior (dorsal) part of medial surface, and small

medial bristle. Endopodite 3-jointed, but suture

between 2nd and 3rd joints indistinct; stem about

two-thirds length of terminal bristle. Exopodite:

1st joint with spines forming rows along distal part

of dorsal margin; 2nd to 8th joints with short

spines forming row along distal margins; bristle of

2nd joint reaching past 9th joint and with spines

along ventral margin and hairs along dorsal margin; bristles of 2nd to 8th joints with natatory hairs

and proximal marginal spines; 9th joint with large

lateral spine about same length as joint, and 4

bristles (2 long with natatory hairs, 2 short with

short marginal spines); large basal spines present

on joints 4 to 8.

Mandible (Figure 20e,f): Coxale with abundant

spines on medial and lateral surfaces; coxale endite

with small slender bristle present near base of ventral branch (both branches broken off on holotype).

Basale: endite with usual 4 pectinate end bristles,

2 dwarf bristles (length of dwarf bristles less than

one-half length of triaenid bristle), elongate glandular peg, and 3 triaenid bristles with 3 or 4 pairs

of marginal spines, excluding terminal pair (right

mandible of holotype with only 1 triaenid bristle);

1 triaenid bristle with 2 pairs of marginal spines,

excluding terminal pair, present on ventral margin

of basale near base of endite and proximal to Ushaped sclerotized process (no bristle on right

mandible of holotype); dorsal margin of basale

with 1 fairly long spinous medial bristle (length of

bristle slightly shorter than length of basale) and

2 long spinous terminal bristles; numerous spines

present on lateral surface of basale and along

proximal part of dorsal margin. Exopodite about

same length as dorsal margin of 1st endopodite

joint, with hirsute tip and 2 short hirsute subterminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long

spinous ventral bristles; ventral margin of 2nd

joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin with 1 short spinous proximal bristle and stout

spinous a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles (c-bristle slightly

broader and shorter than other bristles); no lateral

bristle present between b- and c-bristles; 2 medial

spinous cleaning bristles present between a- and bbristles, 3 between b- and c-bristles, and 5 between

c- and d-bristles; 1 long spinous medial bristle

present at base of d-bristle; 1 long spinous lateral

bristle present between c- and d-bristles; medial

surface with spines forming clusters; end joint with

dorsal claw and 5 spinous bristles, 4 long, 1 short.

Coxale endite of paratype [USNM 141107] (ovigerous female) with 4 oblique rows of spines on

ventral branch; terminal end of branch with 3

short stout spines; dorsal branch with 3 proximal

pairs of angular teeth and 2 distal rows of rounded

teeth along ventral margin; main spine short; a

short spine present on margin just distal to main

spine; tip of dorsal branch of specimen obscure.

Maxilla (Figure 20g): Epipodite hirsute with

rounded tip not reaching middle of dorsal margin

of basale; endite I with 4 bristles, 3 long, 1 short;

endite II with 3 long bristles. Basale extremely

hirsute with long hairs on medial and dorsal surfaces; medial surface with 6 short bare bristles near

dorsal margin, 1 proximal, 5 distal; lateral surface

with 1 short proximal bristle near middle; ventral

margin with 1 fairly long proximal bristle and 1

long spinous terminal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint

with 1 short dorsal bristle and 1 long 6-bristle with

faint marginal spines; end joint with long spinous

terminal bristle extending past 6-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 20h,i): Epipodial appendage

with 70 bristles; 1 or 2 slender bristles present ventral to base of stout spinous exopodial bristle; 4

additional bristles present near ventral margin of

comb.

Sixth limb (Figure 20/): Medial surface with
40

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

minute bristle in anterodorsal corner; anterior

margin with upper and lower bristles; anteroventral corner with 6 short hirsute bristles forming

row; lateral flap with 1 or 2 short bristles on proximal anterior margin; posteroventral margin with

19-23 spinous bristles; medial surface and anterior,

posterior, and anteroventral margins hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 20k,I): Proximal and distal

FIGURE 20—Prionotoleberis pax, new species, female, [USNM 139842], holotype, length 1.73

mm: a, complete specimen showing position of eggs and lateral eye; b, sketch of central muscle

scars on right valve, lateral view; c, tip of right 1st antenna, lateral view; d, endopodite and

part of exopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; e, part of basale endite of left mandible

showing one triaenid bristle, glandular peg, and two dwarf bristles, medial view; /, exopodite

and parts of basale and 1st and 2nd endopodial joints of right mandible, lateral view; g, left

maxilla, medial view; h, comb of right 5th limb showing upper exopodial bristles, lateral view;

i, comb of left 5th limb, lateral view; /, right 6th limb, medial view; k, 7th limb; /, detail of

tip of 7th limb; m, left furcal lamella; n, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; o, lateral eye; p,

dorsum, anterior to left; q, upper lip, anterior to left; r, genitalia and brush organ. (Same

magnification in microns: c, g, j ; d, k; e, f; h, I; i, m-q.)
NUMBER 179

41

groups each with 6 bristles (3 + 3); each bristle

with 3 to 5 bells. Terminus consisting of opposing

combs, each with about 16 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 10 claws of which

posterior 3 are small bristle-like; claws 1 to 7 with

teeth forming 2 rows along concave posterior margins and hairs along anterior margins; small spinous process present on lamella posterior to last

bristle.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 20n): Elongate with

rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 20n); lateral eye

(Figure 20o) about the same size as medial eye,

with 18 ommatidia.

Posterior: Dorsum forming right angle (it is

possible that a bent thumblike process could be

obscured by gills); posterior extremely hirsute

(Figure 20p).

Upper lip (Figure 20^): Consists of 2 hirsute

lobes and hirsute lateral flap on each side; anterior

spines not observed (either absent or minute).

Genitalia and brush organ (Figure 20r): Genitalia consisting of oval sclerotized process on each

side anterior to furca; brush organ consisting of

about 7 minute ringed bristles.

Eggs: [USNM 139842] with 8 eggs in marsupium; [USNM 141107] with 9 eggs.

PARASITES.—USNM 141109, a juvenile male ostracode with 1 female and 1 male choniostomatid

copepod and 6 clones of copepod eggs; USNM

1411260, a juvenile female ostracode with 1 female

choniostomatid copepod and 2 copepod egg-clones.

COMPARISONS.—Only 1 species of this genus has

been described previously, Prionotoleberis gyion

Kornicker, 1974b. The present species differs from

that in having 6 bristles along the dorsal margin

of the basale of the maxilla, and in not having

small bristles on the 2nd endite of the maxilla.

Polyleberis Kornicker, 1974

One species of this genus was collected in the

study area, Polyleberis mackenziei Kornicker,

1974b.

DISTRIBUTION.—In the present collection, representatives of the genus (1 species) were collected

off Mauritania at depths of 20-480 m. Kornicker

(1974b) reported the same species in the Gulf of

Naples.

Polyleberis mackenziei Kornicker, 1974

FICURES 21-23

Polyleberis mackenziei Kornicker, 1974b:50, figs. 21, 22.

HOLOTYPE.—Female without eggs (may not be

mature) in collection of Zoological Station of

Naples.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—[USNM 141815], 1 adult female

from Thalassa station XO33, some appendages on

slide, other appendages and valves in alcohol;

[USNM 141814], 1 adult female from Thalassa

station X043; USNM 141816, 1 adult, 2 juveniles,

from Thalassa station X033; USNM 141820, 1 juvenile male from Thalassa station X41; USNM

141272, 1 ovigerous female and USNM 141273,

adult female, from Thalassa station X042; USNM

143970, 3 juvenile males and USNM 143971, 3 unsexed juveniles, from Cornide de Saavedra station

Al, sample 10. [USNM 141814] and [USNM

141815] in Museum of Natural History "Grigora

Antipa," Bucharest.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at five stations off Mauritania at depths of 20-480 m (Figures 2, 3). Kornicker (1974b: 50) reported the species from the

Gulf of Naples.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 21, 22).—Carapace elongate in lateral view with linear dorsal

and ventral margins (Figure 22a); incisur placed

just below valve middle; posterior margin evenly

rounded; slight recess in anteroventral margin visible with transmitted light.

Infold (Figure 2\d-f, 22b): Infold of rostrum

with about 5 bristles along list, 8 bristles between

list and incisur, and about 22 bristles anterior and

dorsal to list; about 20 bristles on broad anteroventral infold, and about 15 bristles along ventral

infold to point opposite lowermost flaplike bristle

on posterior list, broad posterior list with about 24

broad transparent bristles, and about 13 short

bristles, not more than 1 short bristle between a

pair of transparent bristles; 8 fairly long bristles

ventral to 5 posterior processes present on posterior

infold between broad posterior list and posterior

margin of valve; about 35 minute faint pores forming row just posterior to processes in dorsal half

of posterior infold.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with marginal

fringe present along lower margin of incisur.
FIGURE 21.—Polyleberis mackenziei, female, USNM 141272, left valve: a, complete valve, medial

view (ventral and dorsal margins folded inward), X 55; b, lateral surface near dorsal margin

showing concentrically ringed pore with hair and minute pore without hair, X 3600; c, lateral

surface near dorsal margin showing concentrically ringed pore with hair and minute satellite

pore, X 10,000; d, detail of posterior infold with posterior end of valve (towards top) and list

(horizontal across bottom), open pores and two scooplike processes are just within posterior

margin of valve (process on right has tip broken off and appears as open pore), X 1000;

e, detail of "d" showing left scooplike process and associated pores, X 5000; /, detail of middle

part of list in "d" showing flaplike bristle with tubes and pores at its base (posterior end of

valve to left; elliptical objects are bacteria), X 5000. (Photos reduced to 73i/2%.)
NUMBER 179 43

Size: [USNM 141814], length 1.81 mm, height

0.79 mm, height 44 percent of length; [USNM

141815], length 1.96 mm, height 0.77 mm, height

39 percent of length; USNM 141816 (adult), length

1.89 mm, height 0.82 mm, height 43 percent of

length; USNM 141272, length 1.91 mm, height

0.78 mm, height 41 percent of length; USNM

141273, length 1.88 mm, height 0.76 mm, height

41 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure 22c ,d): 1st joint with hairs

forming clusters on lateral surface near distodorsal

corner; 2nd joint with long spinous dorsal bristle

and short spinous lateral bristle; dorsal margin of

2nd joint forming slight bulge at base of bristle;

combined 3rd and 4th joints quadrate with distinct

diagonal suture; 3rd joint with short ventral bristle

and 6 long spinous dorsal bristles; 4th joint with

linear dorsal margin, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle

and 2 slender ventral bristles (longer of these with

short marginal spines and reaching past 8th joint,

smaller bristle bare and reaching middle of 6th

joint; sensory bristle of 5th joint of left limb of

[USNM 141815] with 7 long filaments, proximal

of these more slender and shorter than others

(both limbs of [USNM 141814] with 8 filaments);

medial bristle of 6th joint spinous, reaching well

past tip of a-claw of 7th joint. Seventh joint: a-claw

short with few serrations on ventral margin near

tip; tip blunt on left limb of [USNM 141815],

b-bristle with 5 filaments including tip, some with

marginal spines; c-bristle broken on [USNM

141815], with 5 filaments on remaining part. Eighth

joint: d-bristle represented by minute point; ebristle bare reaching just past tip of sensory bristle

of 5th joint; f-bristle of [USNM 141815] with 4

marginal filaments; g-bristle broken on [USNM

141815], 4 filaments on remaining part.

Second antenna (Figure 22e): Protopodite with

short medial bristle. Endopodite weakly 3-jointed,

terminal bristle slightly longer than stem of endopodite. Exopodite: bristle of 2nd joint spinous, just

reaching distal margin of 9th joint; joints 4 to 8

each with basal spine, joint 9 with lateral spine

about half length of joint; joints 2 to 8 with comb

of short spines forming row along distal margin;

bristles on joints 3 to 8 and 2 long bristles of 9th

joint with spines along ventral margin and with

natatory hairs; 9th joint with 3 bristles, 2 long, 1

short with short marginal spines; distal medial end

of 3rd joint with hairs about three-fourths length

of 4th joint forming row.

Mandible (Figure 22/-h): Coxale endite: Ventral

branch with about 6 rows of ventral spines and 2

or 3 minute terminal teeth; dorsal branch with 4 or

5 ventral knobs, short main spine and short terminal bristle; dorsal bristle with base opposite

main spine, with marginal hairs; small bristle present near base. Basale: endite with 4 end bristles, 3

triaenid bristles with 3 or 4 pairs of spines not

including terminal pair, glandular peg, and 2

dwarf bristles (1 of these about twice length of

other); ventral margin of basale with U-shaped

indentation and, proximal to it, 1 triaenid bristle

with 4 pairs of spines not including terminal pair;

dorsal margin with fairly long midbristle (about

length of dorsal margin of basale) with faint marginal spines, and 2 slender spinous fairly long terminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long

spinous ventral bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint

with short proximal bristle and stout spinous a-,

b-, c-, and d-bristles; medial surface with short

spines forming clusters, short cleaning bristle distal

to a-bristle, 5 cleaning bristles forming oblique row

proximal to b-bristles, and 1 long spinous bristle

distal to base of d-bristle; lateral surface without

bristle between b- and c-bristles, with 1 long spinous bristle between c- and d-bristles; ventral margin of joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles; end

joint with short straight dorsal claw, and 5 spinous

bristles. Exopodite minute with short terminal

bristles and hirsute tip, process including bristles

not reaching one-third distance along dorsal margin

of 1st endopodite joint.

Maxilla (Figure 22?): Endite I with 3 long and

1 short bristle; endite II with 3 long spinous bristles; epipodite pointed, hirsute, not reaching middle of dorsal margin of basale. Basale hirsute;

ventral margin with short proximal, minute distal,

and long spinous terminal bristle; lateral surface

with 1 short proximal bristle; medial surface with

1 short slender distal bristle near dorsal margin.

Endopodite: 1st joint with short dorsal bristle and

long spinous 6-bristle; terminal bristle of 2nd joint

spinous and only slightly longer than 6-bristle.

Fifth limb: Lateral side of comb with 2 slender

bristles ventral to base of long spinous exopodial

bristle and 2 pairs of bristles near ventral margin;

dorsal margin of comb without hairs except near

distal end.
44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

m
NUMBER 179 45

Sixth limb (Figure 22;): Anterior margin with

short upper and long lower bristle; anteroventral

tip with 5 bristles plus 1 slender bristle on lateral

flap. Posteroventral margin with 21-24 bristles

which decrease in length anteriorly along margin;

posterior 3 bristles much longer than others; posterior 9-14 bristles with long hairs; anterior 13-14

bristles with long proximal and short distal hairs.

Medial side with 2 short bristles near proximal

anterior corner.

Seventh limb (Figure 22k): Each limb with 12

bristles, 6 proximal, 3 on each side, and 6 distal,

3 on each side; each bristle with 2-4 terminal bells;

opposing combs with about 15 spinous teeth.

Furca: Each lamella with 9 claws; claw 9 oriented

posteriad; claws with teeth along concave margins;

claws 1-6 with hairs along distal anterior margin;

comb of spines on lamella posterior to last claw;

margin of lamella following comb also with short

spines.

Rod-shaped organ: Organ broadening near middle, with rounded tip (Figure 221).

Dorsum (Figure 22o): Forming almost right angle, spinous.

Upper lip: Hirsute with anterior spine; lateral

flap hirsute (Figure 22p).

Eyes: Lateral eye (Figure 22n) about same size

as medial eye, with about 18 ommatidia. Medial

eye (Figure 22m) without hairs.

Genitalia: Ovoid with sclerotized ring (Figure

9)

Eggs: USNM 141272 with 4 or 5 eggs.

PARASITES.—One cyproniscid isopod in marsupium of USNM 141273, an adult female with unextruded eggs.

FIGURE 22.—Polyleberis mackenziei, female: a, complete specimen, length 1.96 mm; b, anterior of right valve (bristles not

shown), medial view; c, right 1st antenna, medial view; d, tip

of "c"; e, endopodite and proximal part of exopodite of

right 2nd antenna, medial view; /, coxale endite of mandible; g, triaenid bristles on basale endite of mandible; h,

basale, exopodite, and 1st endopodite joint of left mandible,

lateral view; i, left maxilla (not all bristles shown), medial

view; /, right 6th limb, lateral view; k, tip of 7th limb; /,

medial eye and rod-shaped organ; m, medial eye and proximal part of rod-shaped organ; n, left lateral eye; o, dorsum,

anterior to right; p, upper lip, anterior to right; q, right

genitalia; r, left Y-sclerite of furca, anterior to left. ([USNM

141815]: a, b, e, g, h, j-t, o-r. [USNM 141814]: c, d, f, i, m, n.

Same magnification in microns: b, i, l-r; c, j ; d-f; k, h.)

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE (Figure 23).—

Size: USNM 143970, 2 specimens, length 1.57 mm,

height 0.69 mm; length 1.56 mm, height 0.64 mm,

respectively. USNM 141820, length 1.91 mm, height

0.80 mm.

First antenna: Sensory bristle of 5th joint of

USNM 143970 with 7 terminal filaments, proximal

of these about one-half length of remaining 6.

Polyleberis species indeterminate

MATERIAL.—USNM 143973, 1 juvenile female,

length 1.22 mm, height 0.50 mm, from Cornide de

Saavedra station A4b, sample 12 (this specimen

had only 6 terminal filaments on the sensory bristle

of the 1st antenna); USNM 143974, 1 juvenile

female, length 1.24 mm, height 0.52 mm, from

Cornide de Saavedra station A3a, sample 11 (sensory bristle on 1st antenna similar to that of USNM

143973).

CYLINDROLEBERBDINAE genus indeterminate

MATERIAL.—One adult male, Thalassa station

X046, length 1.28 mm, height 0.70 mm, no lateral

eyes, fairly long midbristle on mandibular basale,

exopodite of mandible almost reaching middle of

1st endopodite joint, no lateral bristle between band c-bristles on 1st endopodite joint of mandible;

1 A-l male, Dakar, length 1.52 mm, height 0.86 mm,

no lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles on 1st

endopodial joint of mandible, long exopodite on

mandible, no midbristle on dorsal margin of basale

of mandible, dorsal margin of basale of maxilla

with 1 short proximal bristle and 1 short distal

bristle; sensory bristle of 1st antenna with 1 short

proximal bristle and 6 long terminal bristles, large

lateral eye; 2 adult males, Dakar, length 1.49 mm,

height 0.91 mm, length 1.42 mm, height 0.84 mm,

exopodite of mandible long, long lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles on 1st endopodial joint of

mandible, no dorsal bristle on basale of mandible,

large lateral eyes, no processes on posterior infold.

CYCLASTEROPINAE Poulsen, 1965

This subfamily is represented in the study area

by two genera, Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920, and

Asteropteron Skogsberg, 1920.

DISTRIBUTION.—Members of this subfamily are
FIGURE 23.—Polyleberis mackenziei, A-l male, USNM 143970A, left valve. Lateral surface: a,

concentrically ringed pore with hair and smaller satellite pore without hair near anterior margin

of valve, X 13,000; b, concentrically ringed pore with hair near posterior of valve, X 10,000.

Medial surface: c, complete valve, dorsal margin folded inward, X 62; d, detail of "c" showing

anterior end, X 190; e, detail of "c" showing posteroventral end, X 440; /, detail of "e" (see

arrow in "e") showing upper scooplike process and pore dorsal to process (note serrate selvage

along part of margin of valve), X 3800; g, detail of "e" showing scooplike process second from

top, X 10,000; h, detail of "e" showing scooplike process third from top, two pores on each

side, list with single bristle, and flaplike bristle having tubes and a single large pore at its

base, X 2000; i, detail of "h" showing scooplike process and three pores, X 6500; j , detail of

"e" showing scooplike process fourth from top and adjacent pores (note faint serrate selvage

along edge of valve; white objects indicated by arrows are debris), X 1000; k,l, detail of "e"

showing flaplike bristle and associated tubes and pores, X 6200. (Photos reduced to 52%.)
NUMBER 179 47

widespread between latitudes of about 40°N to

50°S. Previously known depth range was 1-100 m

(Kornicker, in press). The depth is increased to

1100 m herein.

Key to the Genera of Cyclasteropinae in This Study

Surface of carapace smooth Cycloleberis

Surface of carapace with lobate processes or U-shaped midrib Asteropteron

Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920

The collection contained one adult male and

several juveniles of Cycloleberis squamiger, new

combination.

DISTRIBUTION.—The genus Cycloleberis is worldwide between latitudes of about 41°N and 47°S.

Previously known depth range was from intertidal

depths to 65 m. The present collection increases the

maximum depth to 1100 m.

Cycloleberis squamiger (Scott, 1894),

new combination

FIGURES 24-31

Asterope squamiger Scott, 1894:140, pi. 14: fig. 58, pi. 15: figs.

24,28,29,31.—Miiller, 1912:52 [Cypridinarum genera dubia

et species dubiae].

Cyclasterope lobiancoi.—Klie, 1943:50, figs. 1-4.

LECTOTYPE.—A juvenile instar in the British

Museum (Natural History), designated herein

(label in British Museum: "Asterope squamiger").

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Sao Thome Island, Portugal.

MATERIAL.—USNM 143798, 1 adult male from

Thalassa station X052; USNM 143992, 2 juveniles

from Thalassa station X052; [USNM 143980], 1

juvenile from Thalassa station X033; [USNM

143976], 1 juvenile female, length 2.45 mm, height

2.05 mm, from Thalassa station X044; USNM 143993;

1 juvenile female from Thalassa station X044.

USNM 143978, 1 juvenile male, length 3.77 mm,

height 3.06 mm, from Cornide de Saavedra station

A7b, sample 14; USNM 143990, 1 juvenile female,

length 2.42 mm, height 2.05 mm, from Cornide de

Saavedra station A3a, sample 11; USNM 143991,

1 juvenile from Cornide de Saavedra station Ala,

sample 10. [USNM 143980] and [USNM 143976]

deposited in the collection of the Museum of Natural History "Grigora Antipa," Bucharest, Romania.

DISTRIBUTION.—Specimens assigned to Cycloleberis squamiger were collected from 5 localities off

the coast of Mauritania and 1 off the coast of Spanish Sahara at depths of 20 to 1100 m (Figures 2, 3).

Kornicker examined specimens, identified by

Klie (1943) as Cyclasterope lobiancoi (Miiller,

1894), from the Hamburg Zoological Museum.

These specimens consisted of a vial containing 4

disarticulated valves and a complete undissected

juvenile, a label with the number "10" and a second label stating, "Cyclasterope lobiancoi (G. W.

Miiller) Mauritanien: Muschelgrunde vor Port

Etienne, 20-30 m, August 1923, fide R. Ph. Dollfus."

Three glass slides containing appendages of 2 juvenile males were also received. Because of the similarity in appendages and carapaces, and the proximity of the collecting areas, we have assumed that

Klie's specimens and ours are conspecific. Klie's

specimens will be discussed further by Kornicker

(in prep.).

Reasons for assigning the Mauritanian specimens

to C. squamiger and a supplementary description

of the lectotyper will be given by Kornicker (in

prep.).

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE (Figures 24-31).—

Carapace jelongate, smooth, with widely spaced

minute punctae (Figures 24, 28a); shallow incisur

at valve middle; posterior evenly rounded with

slight indentation in posterodorsal corner; long

hairs forming row near posterior margin (Figure

Infold (Figures 25/,/, 26, 27a-», 28d): Behind

rostrum with about 275 simple bristles, mostly on

anterior half of infold; about 30 simple bristles

between list and incisur; anteroventral infold ventral to incisur with about 50 long and short simple

bristles on outer half and about 12 long bristles

near inner margin; ventral margin with about 100

short spinous bristles forming 1 or 2 rows along

inner margin of infold (list) and about 100 long

spinous bristles forming 1 or 2 rows near middle;

posterior with broad list with 18 long bristles (many

of the long bristles with shorter bristle near base);

and about 150 short bristles (some appearing as
FIGURE 24.—Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798, left valve: a,

complete valve, lateral view, anterior to left (irregular ovoid areas are microconcretions), X 25;

b, same, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 27; c, c', same, anterior and posterior views, X 27;

d, detail of "a" showing incisur, X 130; e, detail of "a" showing fossae and bristles on anterior

part of valve ventral to incisur, X 200; /, detail of upper end of row of bristles on posterior

end of valve shown in "c," X 235; g, detail of bases and proximal parts of two sizes of bristles

shown in "/," X 2360; h, fossae and pores near middle of valve shown in "a" (arc towards

lower left is margin of microconcretion), X 210; i, fossae and lineations near posterodorsal

margin of valve, X 200; ;, fossae and lineations on microconcretion near middle of ventral

margin of valve, X 280; k, fossae, an open pore with hair (upper right), minute pores without

hairs, and faint reticulate structure near middle of valve (see arrow in "h"), X 525; /, detail

of "h" (near edge of concretion) showing fossae with bristle, pore with bristle, three minute

pores without bristles, and porous structure of exocuticle (note radial structure of carapace

around pore with bristle), X 1050. (Photos reduced to 51%.)
FIGURE 25 Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798, left valve.

Lateral surface: a, detail of Figure 24/ showing pore and base of bristle (note crenulations on

base of bristle), X 5000; b, detail of Figure 24/ showing base of bristle and reticulations in

fossae, X 10,500; c, more complex pore (cf. "a") having minute pore near base, X 3255; d, pore

without bristle (note porous structure of exocuticle), X 10,000; e, fossae and bristle, X 2000.

Medial surface: /, complete valve, anterior to right (ovoid dark areas inside valve are microconcretions; see Figure 24a showing concretions from outside), X 23; g, detail of "/" showing

lineations ventral to middle (dark area on right is concretion), X 100; h, detail of anteroventral

margin of "/" showing lamellar prolongation of selvage with serrate edge, X 2000; i, detail of

vestment (see arrow in "f") showing hairs on anterodorsal part of vestment, X 500; /, detail of

"/" showing incisur, X 1000; k, detail of "/" showing lamellar prolongation with fringed edge

on inner end of lower margin of incisur, X 5000; /, detail of "/" showing posterodorsal part of

valve (note bristles on infold, see Figure 26g for detail of arrowed area), X 100. (Photos

reduced to 51%.)
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

minute spines); about 50 bristles present between

broad list and posterior valve margin (bristles

shorter near dorsal margin); bristles forming row

present along anterior margin ventral to incisur,

and along ventral and posterior margins.

Vestment: Long hairs forming cluster present in

anterodorsal corner (Figures 25i, 28C).

Size: USNM 143798, length 4.55 mm, height 3.10

mm.

Micromorphology of carapace (based on scanningelectron photomicrographs): Lateral surface: Surface with abundant shallow fossae (Figure 24a-e,

h-l); fossae with reticulate flat bottom (Figures

24k,I; 25b,e) except along anterior and anteroven-
NUMBER 179 51

tral margin of valve where bottoms are slightly

concave (Figure 24e); each fossae with short bristle

emerging from closed pore; bristle usually posterior

to center of fossae; each fossae along ventral part

of carapace with oblique ridge at ventral margin

(Figure 24*,/); some fossae along anterior part of

carapace with ridges along anterior margins moreor-less parallel to anterior valve margin (Figure

24d,e); bristle in each fossae on anteroventral part

of shell longer than those in fossae elsewhere (Figure 24e); surface between fossae faintly reticulate

(Figure 24h,k,t); short bristles emerging from open

pores widely scattered over surface (Figure 24h-l,

25a-c); reticulations on carapace tend to be radiate

in vicinity of the short bristle (Figure 24/); open

pores widely scattered on surface (Figure 24k,l,

25d); these pores tend to be between adjoining

reticulations (Figure 24k,I); minute porous surface

visible at magnifications above about X 1000 (Figures 24/, 25a,c,d); these pores tend to be aligned

along margins of reticulations (Figures 24/, 25c),

but some form rough circles (Figures 25a); slender

and stout bristles form vertical row near posterior

shell margin (Figure 24a,c,/,g); microconcretions

form ovoid discs in valve (Figure 24a); these discs

project outward from valve surface (Figure 24b,c);

FIGURE 26 Cycloleberii squamiger, new combination, adult

male, USNM 143798, left valve, medial surface: a, posteroventral margin (includes part of dorsal end of margin shown

in Figure 25/), X 230; b, bristles on list, bristles, pores, and

nodes on infold posterior to list (detail from just above

middle of infold on Figure 25/), X 500; c, one bristle, one

pore, and two nodes from middle of infold in "b", X 1500;

d, detail of list near bottom end of "b" showing two bristles

of unequal length emerging from open pores along anterior

margin of list, one long stout bristle between and posterior

to the two open pores, one tubelike bristle with projections

at base, and one raised pore anterior to base of tubelike

bristle, X 2000; e, detail from lower end of list in "a" (cf.

"d"), X 2000; /, detail from just above middle of list in "b"

(cf. "d"), X 2000; g, detail of list indicated by arrow in

Figure 25/ (cf. "d"), X 2000; h, detail of list partly shown

at bottom end of "a" (cf. "d"), X 2000; i, detail of middle

part of list in "a" showing tubelike bristle near top, long

stout bristle near bottom, raised pore near middle, two single

pores with bristles along inner margin, and cluster of three

pores with bristles between the two single pores with hairs,

X 2000; ;, detail of "d" showing tubelike bristles, raised

pore, and anterior open pore with bristle, X 5000; k, detail

of "/" showing tubelike bristle and raised pore, X 5000;

/, detail of "i" showing tubelike bristle, X 5000. (Photos

reduced to 53%.)

reticulations in shell are visible on concretions

(Figure 24h). Medial surface: Ridges and faint indications of fossae visible on medial surface of carapace except over microconcretions (Figure 25f,g,l);

the ridges appear to be more extensive than on lateral surface of carapace.

Vestment: Long hairs are present on the anterodorsal part of the vestment posterior to the rostrum

(Figure 25i).

Posterior list: List bears posterior row of bristles

emerging from closed pores and anterior row of

short and long bristles emerging from open pores

(Figures 25/, 26); bristles from closed pores consist

of long stout bristles alternating with short tubelike

bristles with alar projections or pore at base (Figures 26d-l, 21b,c); a short raised pore present between each pair of bristles emerging from closed

pores and usually slightly anterior to them (Figures

2§d-k, 27a,c).

Infold between posterior list and posterior margin of valve: Bristles form row just anterior to posterior margin of valve (26a,b, 27d); small mounds,

some with pores, present between bristles and posterior valve margin (Figures 25/, 26b,c).

Ventral list: List with fringed lamellar prolongation extends anteriorly from point just posterior to

valve middle to point about one-fourth length of

valve from anterior end (Figures 25/, 27e-k).

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation with fringe present along lower margin of incisur (Figure 2bj,k);

lamellar prolongation with serrate margin present

along anteroventral margin (Figure 25h) and ventral margin (Figure 27/).

First antenna (Figures 28e, 31a): 1st joint with

spines along ventral margin and on distal medial

surface; 2nd joint with spines along ventral margin, proximally on dorsal margin, and abundant

on distal medial surface; 5 slender straight bristles

present along dorsal margin (4 proximal of these

with short faint marginal spines, distal bristle

longer than others and with long proximal and

short distal spines), 6 short spinous bristles present on distal lateral surface; 3rd joint with 16

spinous bristles along dorsal margin and 1 short

bare bristle near middle of ventral margin; 4th

joint with 1 long spinous terminal dorsal bristle

and 5 spinous terminal ventral bristles, 1 short, 4

long; 5th joint slightly longer than 4th, sensory

bristle with abundant thin filaments and at tip 7

stouter and shorter filaments; dorsal margin of 6th
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

joint much shorter than dorsal margin, with short

faint marginal spines. Seventh joint: dorsal margin

of joint offset from dorsal margin of 6th joint; aclaw on short pedestal, with rounded tip curving

dorsally, bare; b-bristle about two and one-half

times length of a-claw, with 14 marginal filaments;

c-bristle extremely long, tip broken off on both

limbs of specimen, but with 41 filaments on remaining part. Eighth joint: d- and e-bristles bare,

shorter than b-bristle; f-bristle similar to c-bristle;

g-bristle slightly longer than b-bristle, with 19

marginal filaments.

Second antenna (Figures 28/, $lb-d): Protopodite with short slender medial bristle, but no spines

' f i
NUMBER 179 53

or hairs. Endopodite 3-jointed: 1st joint with 1

proximal and 3 or 4 distal bristles, all bare; 2nd

joint longer than 1st, with 7 or 8 short distal

bristles; 3rd joint reflexed, with 1 long proximal

bristle and pointed ridged tip. Exopodite: 1st joint

with short terminal medial spine; joints 2-8 with

short slender basal spines, short hairs or spines

along distal medial margin, and long hairs on

distal dorsal corner; 9th joint with 2 short slender

lateral spines about one-third length of joint, and

5 bristles, 4 long, 1 short (short bristle medial and

proximal); bristles of joints 2-9 with natatory hairs,

but no marginal spines.

Mandible (Figures 29a,b, S\e,f): Coxale endite

with medial bristle near base; ventral branch with

6 or 7 oblique rows of spines; distal 2 or 3 rows

with stouter spines than others, and with some

spines blunt or bulbous (the blunt and bulbous

spines are probably the result of growths of foreign

FIGURE 27.—Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult

male, USNM 143798, left valve, medial surface: a, detail of

Figure 26/i showing tubelike bristle and possibly a raised

pore at its base, X 10,000; b, detail of tubelike bristles near

lower end of list shown in Figure 26a, X 10,000; c, detail of

open pore with bristle and small raised pore near anterior

margin of list in Figure 26a (note minute process at tip of

bristle), X 5000; d, detail of Figure 26a showing lowermost

bristle on infold posterior to list, X 3000; e, detail of ventral

margin of valve shown in Figure 25/ just posterior to middle

(glue attaching specimen to mount appears at lower right),

posterior end of faint fringed lamellar prolongation on selvage is indicated by arrow, X 145; /, detail of middle of

ventral margin in Figure 25/ (glue attaching specimen to

mount appears at lower left) faint fringed lamellar prolongation on selvage is indicated by arrow, X 145; g, detail of

ventral margin in Figure 25/ near anterior (elliptical dark

area on right is same as in Figure 25/), arrow indicates

anterior end of lamellar prolongation on selvage, X 145;

h, detail of "e" showing small remnant of selvage (indicated

by arrow) located posterior to continuous selvage (the

remnant in the photograph is mounted directly below where

it is present in "e" as indicated by connecting line; note

grooves in base of two broad bristles on each side of pair

of hirsute bristles emerging from open pores), X 2000; i, detail from near middle of "/" (indicated by arrow) showing

lamellar prolongation of list and hirsute hairs emerging

from open pores, a minute pore is present on infold just

proximal to selvage (arrow), X 1000; /, detail from lamellar

prolongation just to right of middle of "/" showing marginal

fringe, X 2600; k, detail from "g" showing anterior end of

lamellar prolongation of selvage, X 2000; /, detail from

ventral margin (anterior to middle) of valve shown in Figure

25/ showing lamellar prolongation of selvage, note serrate

margin, X 3000. (Photos reduced to 53%.)

material); tip of ventral branch with 3 teeth, dorsal

of these longer than other 2 and with minute terminal teeth; ventral margin of dorsal branch with

5 short stout teeth followed by 4 slender recurved

teeth; posterior bristle with faint short hairs present at tip of dorsal branch; short spines present on

dorsal margin of tip of dorsal branch appear to be

continuation of hairs on bristle; faint line parallel

to dorsal margin near tip gives false impression

that base of posterior bristle is proximal to tip

(Figure 29b).

Distal end of basale endite with 5 pectinate

bristles of varying length; 7 shorter bristles pectinate near tip form row medial to the 5 end bristles;

row continues with 10 short bristles along dorsal

margin of endite (tips of bristles with 6-12 pairs

of marginal spines decreasing in length distally

along bristles; end of each bristle with minute

triaenid tip); dorsal margin of endite with 10 short

slender bare bristles with spine-shaped tips, 6 forming distal row, 4 forming proximal row; ventral

margin of basale with 10 short bristles, proximal

6-8 of these with triaenid tips, remaining with very

slender spines in distal part; distal ventral margin

with 2 long, or 2 long and 1 short, distal bristles

with long marginal spines; medial surface near

ventral margin with 5 minute bare bristles with

spine-formed tip; dorsal margin of basale with 5

short slender bare subterminal bristles and 2 long

spinous terminal bristles; medial surfaces of coxale

and basale with long hairs; hairs restricted to dorsal

halves of joints.

Exopodite reaching just beyond distal end of 1st

endopodite joint, hirsute with long proximal and

short distal hairs; ventral margin with bare midbristle about two-thirds length of exopodite; slightly

shorter bare bristles present just distal to midbristle.

Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint with 1

minute bare bristle, 5 long slender bristles with

short marginal spines, and 2 long stout bristles with

long marginal spines; ventral margin of 2nd joint

with 4 long slender bristles with short marginal

spines (bases of bristles form oblique row on

medial surface), and 2 long stout terminal bristles

with short marginal spines; dorsal margin and medial surface of 2nd endopodite joint with abundant

bristles; end joint with 3 long bare claws, 1 long

lateral bristle with short marginal spines along

ventral margin, and 2 short ventral bristles, both

with short marginal spines.
FIGURE 28.—Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798, length 4.55

mm: a, complete specimen showing position of lateral eye and central muscle scars, spacing of

fossae indicated; b, central muscle scars and two pores surrounded by radiating reticulations,

left valve, lateral view; c, anterior showing position of hairs on vestment in anterodorsal corner

behind rostrum, left valve, medial view; d, detail of posterodorsal corner, left valve, medial

view; e, right 1st antenna, lateral view; /, endopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view. (Same

magnification in microns: b, c, e, /.)
NUMBER 179 55

\

FIGURE 29.—Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798, a, left mandible without coxale endite, medial view; b, coxale endite of right mandible, lateral view; c,

left maxilla, medial view; d, distal part of right maxilla, medial view; e, protopodite of left

maxilla (folded dorsally on mounted limb), anterior to left. (Same magnification in microns:

a, c; b, d.)
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Maxilla (Figures 29c-e, 31g): Epipodite narrow,

pointed, bare, about two-thirds length of basale.

Bristles on protopodite indistinct on both limbs of

specimen, but appearing to have scythe-shaped

bristle ot baleen comb and 1 slender bristle followed by group of 3 long and 3 short bristles

followed by group of 6 long bristles adjacent to

4 or 5 short bristles (Figure 29e). Basale: lateral

surface with 1 short proximal bristle; medial surface with 20 short proximal spine-tipped bristles

near dorsal margin, and 4 short spine-tipped distal

bristles forming row along terminal margin; distal

margin with 1 long, 11 or 12 short bristles, all

spine-tipped (3 short bristles anterior and 8 or 9

short bristles posterior to the long bristle (Figure

29c,d); ventral margin with 17 or 18 short spinetipped bristles (distal 3 bristles longer than others;

middle of these with marginal spines) and 1 long

spinous terminal bristle; dorsal margin proximal

to distal bristles and medial surface spinous; medial

surface with long hairs proximally and near ventral

margin. Exopodite small with 3 bristles of unequal

length, shortest of these bare, others with marginal

spines. Endopodite 1st joint with 1 spine-tipped

bristle near middle, 1 long spinous 6-bristle, and

hairs on medial surface; 2nd joint with 6 unequal

terminal bristles, some with a few marginal spines

and spine at tip.

Fifth limb (Figures 30«, 3\h): Epipodial appendage with 110 bristles, anterior and posterior bristles shorter than those in middle part. Comb:

dorsal margin with 2 sclerotized processes, a curved

process near middle, and a rounded process distal

to middle; 7 minute bristles present along posterior margin and near tip of curved process; anterior

margin hirsute; ventral and anteroventral margins

with spinous bristles; lateral surface with 15 bristles:

2 slender spinous bristles near anteroventral margin, 1 stout spinous bristle ventral to middle, 12

bristles with bases ventral and posterior to stout

bristles (includes 1 long spinous bristle and 4

minute bare bristles forming 2 pairs near base of

stout bristle, and 7 short bristles closer to ventral

margin).

Sixth limb (Figures S0b,c, 31*): Maximum width

about three and one-third times narrow proximal

part; anterodorsal corner with about 18 minute

broad medial spines; medial side of anterior margin of protopodite with 4 minute bristles followed

by 14 short spinous bristles forming row extending

to upper suture; 2 slender bristles present near

anterior margin dorsal to upper suture; 8 slender

bristles either bare or with spines present on medial

side between upper and lower sutures; anterior

margin of protopodite with 34 slender hirsute

bristles forming row; anterior margin between sutures with 12 slender spinous bristles; anterior margin from lower suture to anterior tip of limb with

about 25 slender hirsute bristles; lateral flap with

about 4 slender spinous bristles along anterior edge;

ventral margin with about 80 short and long bristles in addition to about 35 minute bristles (minute

and short bristles as well as some long bristles have

bases medial to ventral margin, all remaining long

bristles have bases on ventral margin); extended

posterior tip of limb with 3-5 spinous bristles; 3

short bare bristles present in place of epipodial

appendage.

Seventh limb (Figure 31;): Broad, distal onethird with 67 or 68 bristles, 32-35 on each side,

each bristle with 3-9 bells; most rings with 2 bristles,

1 on each side, rarely with 1 or 3; terminus with

opposing combs, each with about 32 teeth, all with

pectinate margins.

Furca (Figure 30d-f,i): Each lamella with 3

main claws followed by 9 secondary claws; primary

claws with 2 rows of teeth, one along concave

margin, other on medial surface slightly in from

concave margin; teeth subequal in length but all

fairly large (no minute teeth present); hairs present

along convex margins of primary claws; concavity

in lamella between bases of main claws 1 and 2 with

greatest depth 47-52 percent of greatest width; concavity on lamella between bases of main claws 2

and 3 with greatest depth 72-79 percent of greatest

width; projections of lamella forming bases of

main claws 1 to 3 with medial hairs forming 2

rows; secondary claws with spines and teeth along

anterior and posterior margins (teeth near middle,

spines distal); secondary claws 1 and 9 smaller

than secondary claw 2; secondary claws 2—5 slightly

shorter than secondary claws 6-8; secondary claws

2-9 decrease slightly in diameter proximally along

lamella; secondary claw 1 only very slightly offset

proximally from secondary claw 2; short segment

following lamellae with long hairs forming row;

secondary claw 1 immediately adjacent to main

claw 3 on left lamella, about width of base of claw

3 distant from claw 3 on right lamella.

Eyes: Lateral eye (Figure 30ft) well developed
NUMBER 179 57

FIGURE 30.—Cyctoleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798: a, comb (ventral bristles not shown), right 5th limb, lateral view; b, anterodorsal corner showing medial

spines and proximal bristles, right 6th limb, medial view; c, complete limb (marginal spines

on bristles along anterior margin and on medial surface not shown), right 6th limb, medial

view; d, left lamella of furca (marginal teeth on claws not shown except on detail drawings of

secondary claws 7 and 9); e, medial teeth on proximal parts of claws 1 and 2 of right lamella

of furca, medial view; /, lateral teeth on proximal part of claw 1 of left lamella of furca,

lateral view; g, medial eye and rod-shaped organ; h, right lateral eye; i, posterior and furca

showing Y-sclerite (crosshatched); /, posterior tip of three gill-like structures on left side, lateral

view; k, left Y-sclerite of furca (sclerite is crosshatched), lateral view; /, right Y-sclerite, anterior

to right, lateral view; m, two of three elongated organisms attached to 5th exopodial joint of

left 2nd antenna. (Same magnification in microns: a, c, d, g, h, j , k; e, f, I.)
58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with about 74 ommatidia (5 rows, each with 12-14 above furcal lamellae hirsute; dorsum with very

ommatidia); medial eye (Figure 30g) bare, about faint minute spines; dorsal process absent,

one-half size of lateral eye, pigmented distally. Gill-like structures (Figure 30/): Distal ends acuRod-shaped organ (Figure 30g): With broad base minate.

and weakly 2 or 3 jointed, tip rounded. Y-sclerite: Consisting of simple concave sclerite

Posterior (Figure 30i): 1st and 2nd segments (Figure 30i,k,l).

500

FIGURE 31.—Cycloleberis squamiger, new combination, adult male, USNM 143798; a, 1st

antenna; b, protopodite and endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, detail of "b"; d, exopodite of 2nd

antenna; e, mandible; /, coxale endite of mandible; g, maxilla; h, comb of 5th limb; i, 6th

limb; ;', 7th limb. (Same magnification in microns: a, b, d, e; g, i, j)
NUMBER 179 59

Asteropteron Skogsberg, 1920

The collection contained two new species of this

genus: A. upsilon and A. setiferum. A juvenile of

another species was also present and is designated

Asteropteron species indeterminate.

DISTRIBUTION.—Species of the genus Asteropteron

are worldwide between latitudes of about 33°N and

37°S. Previously known depth range of the genus

was 4 to 100 m (Kornicker, in press). The depth

range is increased with the present collection to

1100 m.

Asteropteron upsilon, new species

FIGURES 32-36

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 141267], adult female,

length 1.74 mm. Valves and some appendages in

alcohol, remaining appendages on slide, in collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X057.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is in reference

to the U-shaped ridge that ornaments this species.

PARATYPE.—USNM 142386, adult? female, station

A3a, sample 11.

Additional specimen: [USNM 141265], juvenile,

instar II?, length 1.22 mm, station X048, in collection of Museum of Natural History "Grigora Antipa," Bucharest.

DISTRIBUTION.—Collected at three localities between latitudes 18°44'N and 20°50'05"N and longitudes 16°24'W and 17°39'00"W, at depths of 35 to

270 m. The bottom at two of the localities was

reported as sand (X057) and sandy mud (X048)

(Figures 2, 3).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 32, 33, 34a-d,

35).—Carapace oval in lateral view with small rostrum and incisur (Figure 32); each valve with marginal ridge paralleling outer edge; branch of ridge

on posterodorsal margin extending from marginal

ridge inwards towards edge of each valve; left

valve with short ridge along middle part of dorsal

margin; each valve with distinct U-shaped ridge

paralleling marginal ridge (upper segment of this

ridge missing on right valve of holotype, but reconstructed in Figure 32 because the anterior end of

the lower part of the ridge is torn indicating that

the upper part of the ridge was formerly present).

Infold (Figure 33c-e): Narrow along anteroventral, ventral, and posterior margins, broad

along anterodorsal margin, and slightly wider in

posteroventral corner; anterodorsal infold behind

rostrum with 13 or 14 fairly long bristles forming

row paralleling edge of valve; no bristles on anterior infold below incisur; ventral infold with 11

bristles near inner margin; posterior infold with

about 14 short and long bristles near inner margin

(some of these forming clusters of 2 or 3 bristles

and may bifurcate); posteroventral corner of infold

on right valve with 4 long bristles near outer

margin. List with minute spines present from just

below incisur and extending along ventral margin

to posteroventral corner.

Selvage: Wide striate selvage with marginal fringe

present along free margin; selvage continuous along

incisur; double selvage observed along anteroventral and ventral margin (Figure 33fr).

Central muscle scars (Figures 32, 33«): Consisting

of about 9 large and 10 small oval scars in front of

valve middle and betweeen U-shaped ridge.

Pores: Broad pores extend through ribs terminating medially in narrow thread (Figure 33/);

marginal pores beneath infold terminating in base

of long bristles present around edge of each valve

lateral to lamellar prolongation of selvage.

Size: [USNM 141267], holotype, length 1.74 mm,

height (including dorsal rib) 1.35 mm; USNM

142386, length 1.60 mm, height 1.24 mm, width

1.19 mm (possibly not an adult).

First antenna (Figures 33g, $4d,q, 35«): 1st joint

with few short spines along ventral margin and on

lateral surface; 2nd joint with spines along ventral

and dorsal margins and cluster of long hairs on

distal lateral surface, and 4 dorsal bristles (proximal of these with short spines, remaining with long

spines). Third joint short, triangular; ventral margin with 1 slender ventral bristle reaching just past

middle of 5th joint; dorsal margin with 1 proximal

and 2 terminal bristles, all with long marginal

spines. Fourth joint trapezoidal with stout spinous

terminal bristle on dorsal margin reaching just past

end of limb, and no ventral bristles.- Sensory bristle

of 5th joint with bifurcate tip and 2 long single

filaments reaching from near middle to bifurcate

tip of bristle. Medial bristle on 6th joint absent.

Seventh joint: a-claw long with slender dorsally

curved tip, about same length as joints 3-8; bbristle slightly longer than a-claw, without fila-
60

ments; c-bristle similar to b-bristle. Eighth joint:

d-bristle almost as long as a-claw, with marginal

hairs; e-bristle slender minute, f- and g-bristles

similar to c-bristles, no filaments.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Second antenna (Figure S5b,c): Protopodite

bare. Endopodite short, 3-jointed, bent laterally

forming right-angle; suture separating 1st and 2nd

joints distinct, proximal to middle; suture separatFIGURE 32—Asteropteron upsilon, new species, female, [USNM 141267], holotype, length 1.74

mm, dorsal and lateral views.
NUMBER 179 61

ing 2nd and 3rd joints faint, distal to middle; joints

1-3 without hairs; 3rd joint with terminal bristle

reaching to about distal end of 5th exopodial joint.

Exopodite: 1st joint with minute terminal medial

spine; joints 2-9 with natatory bristles; 9th joint

with 3 bristles, one of these shorter than others;

basal spines absent.

Mandible (Figure SSh-j): Coxale endite without

proximal bristle; ventral branch with a few proximal hairs, and spines forming 4 oblique rows; tip

with 3 short pointed teeth; dorsal branch with 4

teeth along ventral margin, short main spine, single

spinous terminal spine, and spinous tip forming

almost a right angle with ventral margin of branch.

Basale: endite with 5 terminal bristles; longest of

these with paired teeth about half-way along margin, remaining shorter bristles with paired teeth

about one-third way along margin; teeth decreasing in length distally; one slender dwarf bristle

present, about three-fourths length of shortest end

bristle; one triaenid bristle present on endite near

base; ventral margin of basale with 3 additional

triaenid bristles with 4-7 pairs of spines followed

by about 10 pairs of teeth that occupy about last

one-quarter of bristle and decrease in length distally; proximal pair of teeth separated from remaining pairs by distance greater than that between

remaining pairs; dorsal margin of basale with 2

subterminal bristles reaching to about middle of

2nd endopodial joint, medial of these bare, other

with long spines. Exopodite reaching about twothirds length of 1st endopodial joint, with 2 subequal bare terminal bristles; tip of exopodite with

short hairs forming row distally along dorsal and

ventral margins. Endopodite: 1st joint with 4 ventral bristles, 2 bare, 2 with long spines; ventral

margin of 2nd joint with single distal bristle having pointed tip and marginal spines near tip;

dorsal margin with 5 or 6 bristles, either bare or

with short marginal spines, plus group of 5 subterminal bristles (3 spinous medial cleaning bristles,

2 slender lateral bristles); medial surface of 2nd

joint with spines forming rows. End joint with 3

bare claws and 2 slender bare bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 33&,Z): Epipodite reaching about

three-fourths length of dorsal margin of basale,

with pointed tip and short hairs. Endite I and

endite II each with 3 bristles. Basale: ventral margin with 1 short bristle near middle and 2 terminal

bristles (1 short on medial side and 1 long on

lateral side); dorsal margin and surface of basale

hirsute; dorsal margin and lateral surface each

with 1 short proximal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint

with long beta-bristle with faint marginal spines;

end joint with 4 bristles with faint marginal spines.

Fifth limb (Figure 33ra,n): Epipodial appendage

with 62 bristles; dorsal margin of comb with only

hairs, no bristles; spinous exopodial bristle just

reaching past end of comb; 3 groups of short

slender bristles present near ventral margin of

comb on lateral side consisting of 2, 2, and 1 bristles; proximal pair with long spinous bristle near

their bases.

Sixth limb (Figure 33o): Anterior margin of

protopodite with 7 short bristles dorsal to 2 longer

bristles; a third long bristle present on suture ventral to 2 long bristles; lateral flap and anteroventral

margin with 24 or 25 spinous bristles; posterior tip

with 1 short spinous bristle.

Seventh limb (Figure SSp): Each limb with 18

or 19 bristles, each with 3-5 bells; terminus consisting of 4 teeth with serrate margins.

Furca (Figure SSq): Each lamella with 3 long

closely spaced claws followed by 3 shorter claws

and then a laterally placed bristle near posterior

end of lamella; tips of claws 1-4 curved and extremely slender; all claws with teeth along posterior

margins; claws 5 and 6 with teeth along anterior

margin; claw 1 with hairs along anterior margin;

anterior margin of lamella with long hairs; claw 1

of right lamella with 4 long teeth proximally on

concave margin.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 34«): Elongate, 1-

jointed, with bulbous rounded tip and long hairs

near middle.

Eyes: Medial eye pigmented, bare (Figure 34n);

lateral eye small with 4 ommatidia (Figure Ma,b).

Posterior: Dorsum consisting of long process

with hairs along tip (Figure 34r).

Gill-like structures: Elongate with rounded tips

(Figure 34c).

Upper lip: Consists of 2 hirsute lobes with hirsute

lateral flap on each side; anterior of each lobe

with long spine (Figure S4a).

Y-sclerite: Short, almost straight (Figure 33r).

Eggs: [USNM 141267] with 9 large unextruded

eggs, 4 on one side, 5 on the other. USNM 142386

with minute unextruded eggs.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE INSTAR II? (Figures

S4e-q, 36).—Carapace oval in lateral view with
62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 179 63

small rostrum and incisur (Figures S4e, 36); each

valve with concentric ridge paralleling outer edge,

crescent-shaped ridge below central adductor muscle scar area, and long hairs scattered on surface.

Infold: Behind rostrum with 9 long bristles

forming row paralleling edge of valve (Figure 34/);

small spine present on infold at inner end of incisur; posteroventral infold with about 18 bristles,

some forming clusters of 2 or 3 bristles.

Selvage: Wide striate selvage with sparse fringe

present along free margins; selvage very wide along

anterior margin (Figure 34/).

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 18

ovoid scars at valve middle above crescent-shaped

ridge.

Size: [USNM 141265], length 1.22 mm, height

0.96 mm.

First antenna (Figure 34g): First joint with hairs

on lateral surface; 2nd joint with long hairs forming row on distal lateral surface, distal dorsal

margin, and middle of ventral margin; 3rd joint

short, triangular, with 1 spinous dorsal bristle

reaching middle of 5th joint (base of bristle just

proximal to middle of margin); 4th joint trapezoidal, with long hairs along dorsal margin and on

distal ventral margin; 5th joint elongate with long

hairs on dorsal and ventral margins and on lateral

surface; sensory bristle of 5th joint undivided,

without filaments, annulate except at extreme tip,

which may be forked; 6th joint with long hairs

forming distal row on lateral side, and slender

FIGURE 33 Asteropleron upsilon, new species, female,

[USNM 141267], holotype, length 1.74 mm: a, sketch of central muscle scars within U-shaped ridge on left valve, lateral

view; /;, detail of lamellar prolongation on selvage along

anteroventral margin of right valve, medial view; c, detail of

left valve showing bristles on posterior infold near dorsal

end, medial view; d, detail of anterior of left valve showing

small rostrum and incisur, medial view; e, posterior infold,

right valve; /, detail of pores in dorsal rib on right valve,

medial view (wide pores are in rib, narrow pores are in the

shell at base of rib); g, tip of right 1st antenna, lateral view;

h, coxale endite of mandible; i, tip of basale endite of mandible showing dwarf bristle and four of five pectinate bristles; /, part of mandible showing exopodite; k, left maxilla,

medial view (not all bristles shown on basale); /, epipoditc

and basale bristles of left maxilla; m, comb of left .

r

>th limb,

lateral view; n, comb of right 5th limb, lateral view; o, right

6th limb, medial view; p, 7th limb; q, left lamella of furca;

r, left Y-sclerite, anterior to left. (Same magnification in

microns: b-g; i, j , p; k, m; I, n; q, r.)

medial bristle about one-fourth length of a-claw.

Seventh joint: a-claw long slender, annulate on

distal one-third, about same length as joints 4-8

inclusive; b-bristle slightly longer than a-claw, without filaments; c-bristle similar to b-bristle. Eighth

joint: d-bristle bare, about same length as a-claw;

e-bristle bare slightly longer than d-bristle, both

finely annulate, slender, tapering to pointed tip;

f-bristle bent at right-angle dorsally, without filaments; g-bristle about same length as b-, c-, and

f-bristles, without filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 34h,q): Protopodite with

spinous medial bristle. Endopodite distinctly 3

jointed with well-defined sutures separating joints;

suture separating joints 1-2 proximal to middle;

suture separating joints 2-3 distal to middle; terminal end of 3rd joint reaching 3rd exopodial joint;

terminal bristle reaching just beyond 9th exopodial

joint; joints 1-3 without hairs. Exopodite: 1st joint

with hairs along dorsal margin and small terminal

medial spine; joints 2-9 with natatory bristles; 9th

joint with 2 bristles, dorsal of these about onethird length of other bristle.

Mandible (Figure 34?): Coxale endite without

proximal bristle; ventral branch with proximal

hairs, and spines forming several oblique rows; tip

of dorsal branch with spinous bristle at dorsal corner, forming right angle with ventral margin of

branch. Basale: endite with 2 end bristles, 1 dwarf

bristle, 1 triaenid bristle (with 15-17 pairs of

spines in addition to terminal pair), and 1 long

(about twice length of triaenid bristle) hirsute

bristle with base between triaenid and dwarf bristles; ventral margin of basale without bristles;

dorsal margin of basale with 2 subterminal bristles

reaching tip of limb (bristles equal in length);

both with long marginal hairs). Exopodite almost

reaching distal end of 1st endopodite joint, with

2 spinous subequal terminal bristles; distal half of

exopodite with long hairs along dorsal margin.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous ventral bristles

(medial bristle about half length of lateral bristle);

ventral margin of 2nd endopodite joint with single

distal bristle with pointed tip and marginal spines

along distal half; dorsal margin with long hairs

near middle and 4 spinous subterminal bristles;

medial surface of 2nd joint with long hairs forming

clusters; end joint with 2 long bare claws (1 medial,

1 lateral), 1 short spinous ventral bristle, and 1
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 179 65

long dorsal bristle (about three-fourths length of

claws) with some spines along ventral margin.

Maxilla: Epipodial appendage reaching about

three-fourths length of dorsal margin of basale,

with short hairs and pointed tip. Endites I and II

each with 1 or 2 bristles. Basale: ventral margin

with 2 terminal bristles (1 short on medial side,

1 long on lateral side); medial surface with hairs

forming rows and 1 short proximal bristle. Endopodite: 1st joint with long spinous 6-bristle, and 1

short dorsal bristle reaching beyond end of joint;

end joint with 3 spinous bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 34j,k): Epipodial appendage

with 52-54 bristles. Comb (twisted on both mounted limbs): dorsal margin with long hairs near tip,

no bristles; ventral margin with 7 short spinous

bristles; lateral surface with 4 slender exopodial

bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 34/): Limb hirsute along

margins and on lateral flap; posterior tip with 1

short spinous bristle.

Seventh limb: Not observed with certainty; if

present, minute, bare.

Furca (Figure 34m): Each lamella with 2 long

closely spaced claws followed by 2 shorter claws;

claws 1 and 2 separated from lamella by suture;

claws 3 and 4 continuous with lamella; all claws

with teeth along posterior margins; spines present

on lamellae following posterior claw.

Rod-shaped organ: Elongate, 1 jointed, with

rounded tip (Figure 34n).

Eyes: Medial eye appearing as an expansion of

rod-shaped organ (Figure 34n); lateral eye not

observed.

Posterior (Figure 34o): Dorsum consisting of

thumb-like process with long hairs.

Upper lip: Each lobe hirsute with large anterior

spine (Figure 34n).

Y-sclerite: Posterior end with dorsal branch (Figure 34p).

DEVELOPMENT.—The presence of 1 bristle on the

6th limb of [USNM 141265] suggests that it is an

instar in stage II of its ontogeny (Kornicker, 1969:

3). The ornamentation on the instar is much simpler than that on the adult in having neither posterodorsal ribs nor undulations in the posterodorsal

or posteroventral margins of the peripheral ridge.

The lateral ridge on each valve of the instar does

not continue above the central adductor muscle

area as it does on the adult. Most appendages on

the instar bear fewer bristles than do those of

the adult, but there are notable exceptions. The

e-bristle on the 1st antenna is minute on the

adult, but longer than the d-bristle on the instar;

a slender bristle present on the 6th joint of the

instar is absent on the adult. The protopodite

of the 2nd antenna on the instar bears a fairly

long medial bristle, which is absent on the adult.

Despite the many differences in morphology between the adult and instar they are assumed to be

conspecific because of the close spacing of the long

furcal claws; it is however, possible that the adult

and instar are not conspecific. Therefore, the instar

is not considered a paratype.

FIGURE 34.—Asteropteron upsilon, new species. Female,

[USNM 141267], holotype: a, anterior of body showing medial

eye and rod-shaped organ, left lateral eye, and upper lip;

b, right lateral eye; c, posterior showing dorsum and gill

flaps; d, 1st antenna. Juvenile, instar II?, [USNM 141265],

length 1.22 mm: e, outline of complete specimen showing

midrib; /, anterior showing minute incisur and bristles on

infold, medial view; g, tip of left 1st antenna, lateral view;

h, left 2nd antenna, medial view (bristles on exopodite not

shown); i, distal part of both ventral and dorsal branches of

coxale endite of left mandible, medial view; ;', comb of left

5th limb showing exopodial bristles; k, comb of right 5th

limb, medial view; /, right 6th limb, lateral view; m, right

lamella of furca; n, anterior of body showing medial eye,

rod-shaped organ, and upper lip, anterior to right; o, dorsum

anterior to right; p, right Y-sclerite, anterior to right; q, endopodite or right 2nd antenna, medial view. (Same magnification in microns: a, b, f, m-p; g, h, I, q; j , k)

50

FIGURE 35.—Asteropteron upsilon, new species, female,

USNM 142386, length 1.60 mm: a, tip of left 1st antenna,

lateral view; b, left 2nd antenna, medial view (exopodial

bristles not shown); c, endopodite of left 2nd antenna,

lateral view.
66

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1

0

FICURE 36.—Asteropteron upsilon, new species, juvenile

instar II?, [USNM 141265], length 1.22 mm, dorsal and lateral

Asteropteron setiferutn, new species

FIGURES 37-43

HOLOTYPE.—[USNM 141266], 1 adult female,

length 2.70 mm. Specimen deposited in the Museum of Natural History "Grigore Antipa," Bucharest (1 vial, 4 slides).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station X044.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the Latin

setifer (bearing bristles), in reference to the many

bristles on the mandibular basale.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the type-locality

off the coast of Mauritania at a depth of 1100 m

on a mud bottom. No other species in the genus

has been reported from water deeper than 100 m

(Kornicker, in press).

DESCRIPTION.—Carapace ornate with small incisur and rostrum; single lateral protuberance projecting anteriorly beyond rostrum (Figures 37, 38,

41a-c); similar protuberance, but broader, projecting anteriorly beyond shell margin below incisur;

3 lateral posterior protuberances projecting posteriorly and reach to, or slightly beyond, posterior

shell margin; ventral and posterior margins of shell

slightly inset; process lateral to rostrum continuing

posteriorly as lateral ridge above central muscle

scar area and terminating posteriorly in short posterior process; middle part of ridge with 3 low

nodes; a second lateral ridge with 3 or 4 low nodes

present just within ventral margin and parallel to

it; middle part of valve containing central muscle

scars depressed; posterior ends of upper and lower

lateral ridges connected by vertical ridge with

FIGURE 37.—Asteropteron setiferutn, new species, female,

[USNM 141266], holotype, length 2.70 mm, dorsal and lateral

views.
FIGURE 38.—Asteropteron setiferuvi, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype, right valve:

a, complete valve, lateral view, anterior to right, X 37; b, dorsal view, anterior to left, X 37;

c, anterior view, X 42; d, posterior view, X 45; e, detail of "a" showing fossae over central

muscle attachments, X 190; /, detail of lower left part of "e" showing two fossae, X 165; g, detail

of left fossae on "/," X 1400; h, detail of flat-bottomed fossae to right of middle of "/," dorsal

margin of fossae is to right, on "k," X 3000; i, detail of "a" showing fossae just posterior to

upper boundary of central muscle scar area, X 370; ;', fossae of type shown in "i," X 1400;

k, detail of "c" showing fossae along anterodorsal margin, bristles and lamellar prolongation,

X 500; I, detail of "b" showing fossae along anterodorsal margin (see Figure 39fo for detail

of arrowed area), X 735; m, detail of cluster of tubelike processes to right of middle of fossae

shown in "//' X 5250. (Photos reduced to 53%.)
FIGURE 39 Asteropteron setiferum, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype, right valve.

Lateral surface: a, base and proximal part of bristle near anterodorsal margin of valve (note

papillae on bristles), X 5250; b, lipped pore with bristle near dorsal margin of valve (see arrow

on Figure 38/), X 5250. Medial surface: c, complete valve, X 37; d, detail of "c" showing

anterior part, X 90; e, detail of "d" showing incisur, X 185; /, detail of "c" showing posteroventral margin, X 90: g, detail of "f" showing bristles on infold (bristles may be missing from

the empty pores on infold), X 455; h, detail of list near top of infold in "/" showing 1 long

bristle, 1 short bristle, and bent bristle with tubelike process at the outer side of its base, and

empty pore dorsal to bristles, X 2020; i, detail of "h" showing bent bristle, X 6750; ;, detail

of "g" showing bent bristle on list with 2 tubelike processes at its base, X 6750; k, detail of "g"

showing rimmed pore near outer margin of list, X 9000; /, detail of ventral margin anterior to

middle of "c" showing outer lamellar prolongation of selvage, single bristle on infold, and

broad list along inner margin of infold, X 500. (Photos reduced to 53%.)
NUMBER 179 69

node near middle; surface of carapace with numerous coarse punctae.

Infold (Figures 39c-/, ilb,c): Rostral infold with

6 short bristles near rostral tip, row of about 56

long and short bristles (35 long, 21 short) forming

row parallel to anterior margin, about 21 short

bristles between row of bristles and anterior margin of carapace, about 5 bristles between row of

bristles and inner margin of infold; about 10 bristles forming row on anterodorsal infold (this row

is continuation of anterior row of long and short

bristles); 3 minute bristles present posterior to

inner end of incisur; anteroventral infold with

about 13 bristles between selvage and list; distinct

list present near inner margin of infold extending

from below incisur to posterior end of ventral

infold; ventral infold with 7 widely spaced short

bristles; posteroventral infold with 12 less widely

spaced bristles (some with long marginal hairs)

followed by 9 short closely spaced bristles and then

about 12 minute bristles; posterior infold with

outer row of 10 short bristles, middle rowr of 8

short bristles, and inner row of about 33 short and

minute bristles (13 short, 20 minute); outer margin of posterior infold (edge of valve) forming

right angle near valve middle.

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 24 oval

to slightly elongate individual scars (Figure

3$a,c-g).

Selvage: Ventral and anteroventral margins with

broad lamellar prolongation with distinct striations

in proximal part and weak striations in distal part,

edge smooth; anterodorsal margin including rostrum with lamellar prolongation similar to that on

ventral margin except for being narrower and

having marginal fringe (Figures 38c, %9d,e)\ posterior margin ventral to right angle with narrow

selvage with marginal fringe.

Size: [USNM 141266], holotype, length 2.70 mm,

height 1.98 mm.

Micromorphology of carapace based on scanningelectron photomicrographs (the valve was held

about 10 seconds in a sonic vibrator which removed a thin covering film and exposed intricate

microstructures): Surface of carapace with numerous fossae (Figure 38«-c); about 25 fossae containing 10-25 round bundles of tubes pointing inwards

present in the central muscle scar area (each fossae

appears to be placed over the end of a muscle

strand) (Figure 38c-g); fossae with flat bottoms

having a pebbly texture present between tubular

fossae in area of the central muscle scars and elsewhere (Figure SSe-i,l); fossae on surface of valve

outside central muscle scar area with about 70 long

tubes having a more-or-less polygonal cross-section

(Figure 38*,;); the long tubes point inwards from

sides of fossae and are on bottom of fossae; fossae

along anterodorsal margin of valve with short

bundles of tubes on bottom, each tube polygonal

in cross-section (Figure 38/c-ra); latter type fossae

also present elsewhere on surface except in area of

central muscle scars (Figure 38/); surface between

fossae with closely spaced patches of short tubular

structures (Figure 38/-/); bristles sparsely distributed on valve surface (see arrow on Figure 38/)

and forming 2 rows along free margins (Figure

SSk); some bristles emerge from closed pores (Figure 39a), and some from open lipped pores (Figure

39b); bristles have surface papillae (Figure $9a,b).

Posterior list: List with middle row of closed

pores with bristles and inner and outer rows of

open pores with bristles (Figure 39f-k); bristles in

middle row include long bristles (Figure $9h), short

bristles (Figure 39//), and medium bristles with

pore at base (Figure 39/i-/) (It is possible that the

short and medium bristles are tubular with open

ends, but this was not determined herein); many

open pores in inner and outer rows have bristles

missing (Figure S9g,h,k).

Anteroventral and ventral list: List along anteroventral and ventral margin broad, flat; lamellar

prolongation, if present, with smooth margin (Figure S9d-f,l).

Selvage: Broad lamellar prolongation present

along free margins (Figures 38/r, $9d-f,l); outer

margin of prolongation serrate (Figure SSk).

First antenna (Figures 40a, 41d): 1st joint with

long hairs along ventral margin; 2nd joint with

spines along ventral and proximal dorsal margins

and 5 dorsal bristles, 4 proximal, 1 distal (distal

bristle missing on left limb of USNM 141266); 3rd

joint with 1 short ventral bristle and 3-4 dorsal

bristles (1 near middle, 2-3 terminal); 4th joint

longer than 3rd, with 1 terminal spinous dorsal

bristle and 3 ventral bristles (1 long spinous, 2

short bare, or with short spines); sensory bristle of

5th joint with 3 short proximal and 4 long terminal

filaments; 6th limb with minute medial bristle.

Seventh joint: a-claw longer than joints 5 to 8,

ringed in distal part; b-bristle with about 6 short
70

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 40 Asteropteron setiferum, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype: a, 1st

antenna; b, protopodite and endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, mandible; d, maxilla; e, f, combs of

5th limbs; g, epipodite of 5th limb; h, 6th limb; i, 7th limb, /, furca. (Same magnification in

microns: a—j.)
NUMBER 179 71

filaments including tip; c-bristle shorter than fabristle, with 9 short filaments including tip. Eighth

joint: d- and e-bristles bare, slightly shorter than

c-bristle; f-bristle about same length as c-bristle,

with 8 filaments including tip; g-bristle slightly

shorter than f-bristle, about same length as c-bristle,

with 8 filaments including tip; g-bristle slightly

shorter than f-bristle, with 6 short filaments including tip.

Second antenna: Protopodite with short medial

bristle, few long hairs on medial surface near

endopodite and short hairs proximally on ventral

margin (Figure 40b). Endopodite (Figures 406,

4le): 3rd joint fused with 2nd and no suture evident between them; 1st joint with 9-11 bristles;

2nd joint bare; 3rd joint with 1 long bare terminal

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with short distomedial

bristle; bristle on 2nd joint with slender proximal

spines along ventral margin and distal natatory

hairs; 3rd to 8th joints with natatory bristles (some

bristles with slender spines); 9th joint with 5 natatory bristles, 3 long, 1 medium, 1 short.

Mandible (right limb, [USNM 141266] ): Coxale

endite (Figure 41/?,*'): ventral branch with spines

forming 8 oblique rows on medial surface and

stouter spines along ventral margin; tip with 3

small teeth (2 long, 1 short); minute bristle present

on endite near base of ventral branch; ventral

margin of dorsal branch with 3 small teeth proximal to 4 knobs; main spine with serrate margin;

about 14 spines forming row on lateral side of

branch proximal to main spine; dorsal corner of

tip of dorsal branch with short spines forming

cluster at base of hirsute bristle; tip of branch

between base of hirsute bristle and main spine

serrate. Basale (Figure 4\f,g,f): endite with 7 terminal bristles (2 long, 4 medium, 1 short), 7

triaenid bristles (4th pair of spines from the proximal end much longer than others), and 5 dwarf

bristles (distal of these about twice length of

others); glandular opening with about 14 pores

present near distal end of endite; ventral margin

of basale with 5 triaenid bristles (one pair of

spines much longer than others), 2 proximal short

bristles (with bases on medial surface of basale),

1 very long bristle with long proximal and short

distal spines, and 4 short spinous distal bristles;

dorsal margin of basale with 7 short and 5 long

distal spinous bristles; lateral surface with about

15 short spinous bristles proximally near dorsal

margin and about 8 short spinous bristles distally,

also near dorsal margin; medial surface near dorsal

margin hirsute. Exopodite hirsute, slightly longer

than dorsal margin of 1st endopodite joint, with 2

spinous subterminal bristles (proximal bristle

longer than distal bristle) (Figure 41/t). Endopodite: ventral margin of 1st joint with 2 long stout

proximal bristles with long marginal spines and 1

shorter bristle near middle with short marginal

spines; medial surface of 2nd joint with spines

forming rows in distal half; ventral margin of joint

with 3 spinous terminal bristles; dorsal margin

with about 30 spinous bristles (some of these of

triaenid type); end joint with 2 short spinous

bristles on ventral corner, 1 long lateral terminal

bristle with few marginal spines, 2 dawlike bristles (1 ventral, 1 dorsal) with few marginal spines

along ventral margins, and 1 longer bare clawlike

bristle medial to other claws.

Mandible (left limb, [USNM 141266]) (Figure

40c): Endopodite differs from right limb described

above in having 5 terminal bristles on ventral

margin of 2nd joint and no short bristles on ventral corner of end joint.

Maxilla (Figures 40d, 42a,b): Epipodite long,

tapering to point, tip hirsute; endite I with 5

bristles with spinous tips; endite II with 1 long

bristle with spinous tip, 1 medium and 8 short

slender bristles. Basale: dorsal margin with 15-19

proximal bristles of varying length and 9 short

and 6 long distal bristles; medial side with 3 distal

bristles, 2 near middle, 1 near ventral margin;

ventral margin with about 13 bristles along margin, 1 long bristle present on lateral side at distal

end of baleen-comb; medial surface of basale hirsute. Endopodite: medial side of 1st joint hirsute;

dorsal margin with 7 short bristles; ventral margin

with 1 long spinous 6-bristle; end joint with 5

spinous bristles. Exopodite with 3 bristles, 1 long,

2 short, not on lobe.

Fifth limb: Epipodial appendage with 80-82

bristles (Figure 40g). Comb: dorsal margin hirsute,

with 7 slender bristles on left limb (Figures 40c,

42r) of [USNM 141266], 5 on right (Figure 40/);

lateral surface with stout spinous epipodial bristle

reaching end of comb and 4 short proximal bristles

near ventral margin.

Sixth limb (left limb, [USNM 141266]) (Figures

40h, 42d): Anterior margin with 2 sutures; margin

above upper suture with about 30 short spinous
50

FIGURE 41.—Asteropleron setiferum, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype: a, outline of

left valve showing concretions (crosshatched), central muscle scars (small circles just below

and in front of valve middle) and outlines of fossae, lateral view; b, anterior of right valve,

medial view; c, posterior of right valve, medial view; d, left 1st antenna, lateral view (not all

filaments shown on bristles of 5th to 8th joints); e, endopodite of 2nd antenna. Right mandible,

medial view: /, distal end of basalc endite showing glandular openings; g, triaenid bristle on

basale endite; h, part of coxale endite showing tip of ventral branch and part of dorsal branch;

i, tip of dorsal branch of coxale endite, /', basale showing dorsal bristles; k, exopodite and

triaenid bristle on dorsal margin of 2nd endopodial joint. (Same magnification in microns:

b, c; f-i.)
NUMBER 179 73

FIGURE 42.—Asteropteron setiferum, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype: a, right

maxilla, medial view, proximal part (not all bristles shown); b, right maxilla, distal part (not

all bristles on basalc shown); c, comb, left 5th limb, lateral view; d, left 6th limb (not all

bristles shown); e, right 6th limb (not all bristles shown); /, anterior tip of left 6th limb; g,

7th limb, distal end; h, detail of comb tooth of 7th limb. (Same magnification in microns:

b, c, f, g; d, e.)
FIGURE 43 Asteropteron setiferum, new species, female, [USNM 141266], holotype: a, right

lamella of furca; b, rod-shaped organ and medial eye; c, lateral eye; d, posterior of body; e, left

side of upper lip, anterior to left; /, right brushlike organ and genitalia, anterior end of

Y-sclerite of furca (above brushlike organ); g, right Y-sclerite of furca shown with tips of connecting sclerites; h, outlines of two unextruded eggs. (Same magnification in microns: b-e, g.)
NUMBER 179 75

bristles; margin between sutures with 7 short

spinous bristles (some of the bristles between sutures have bases on medial side of limb); anterior

margin below lower suture with 4 short bristles;

lateral anteroventral flap (sole) with 14 bristles;

11 spinous bristles present on limb medial to lateral flap (these bristles could be considered to be

on anterior part of ventral margin); ventral margin

posterior to lateral flap with 8 bristles; hirsute posterior tapering to rounded tip; 1 short spinous

epipodial bristle present on posterior margin near

middle; medial surface of end joint with about 26

minute bristles forming double row near ventral

margin.

Sixth limb (right limb, [USNM 141266] ) (Figure 42e,/): Differs from left limb described above

in not having upper suture on anterior margin;

ventral margin above single suture with 24 bristles;

15 bristles forming row present on medial side

close to anterior margin; 7 bristles present on ventral margin posterior to lateral flap.

Seventh limb (Figures 40i, 42g): Each limb with

52-56 bristles, 23-30 bristles on each side; some

distal rings near tip with 2 bristles on 1 side and

1 or 2 bristles on other; each bristle with up to 8

bells. Terminus: each opposing comb with 19 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figures 40;, 43a): Each lamella with 3

long stout claws followed by 7 or 8 short secondary

claws; main claws with medial and lateral teeth

along concave margins, secondary claws with slender teeth along posterior margins and minute teeth

or hairs distally along anterior margins; anterior

and ventral margins of lamellae hirsute; anterior

margin also with some spines.

Rod-shaped organ: Broadening near middle, with

indistinct proximal suture; tip rounded, bare (Figure 436).

Eyes: Medial eye (Figure 43fr) large, pigmented,

bare. Lateral eye (Figure 43c) pigmented, about

same size as medial eye, with about 14 ommatidia;

each eye connected to head region by stalk.

Posterior (Figure 43d): Posterior hirsute; dorsal

process finger-like, with spines at tip (terminal lobe

may be present, but, if so, is folded over).

Upper lip (Figure 43e): Consisting of 2 hirsute

lateral lobes on each side of low saddle; saddle

with 4 slender anterior spines; each lobe with 4

spines on small node; a hirsute flap present posterolateral to each lobe.

Brushlike organ: Consisting of small lobe with

about 9 minute bristles posterodorsal to genitalia

(Figure 43/).

Genitalia: Consisting of oval sclerotized ring

(Figure 43/).

Y-sclerite: Almost linear (Figure 43g).

COMPARISONS.—The large number of proximal

bristles (15) and distal bristles (8) on the lateral

surface of the mandibular basale near the dorsal

margin distinguishes A. setiferum from previously

described species. The carapace of A. setiferum

differs from that of Asteropteron nodulosum Poulsen, 1965, in having fewer coarse punctae and in

not having a U-shaped ridge in the posterodorsal

part. The carapace of the new species does not

have the elongate posterior process present on

Asteropteron skogsbergi Poulsen, 1965.

Asteropteron species indeterminate

MATERIAL.—1 juvenile, probably instar III,

length 1.49 mm, height 1.13 mm, USNM 143797,

from Station X052; in collection of National Museum of Natural History (the shell of this specimen is similar to that of Asteropteron setiferum,

new species, but the ventral margin and lateral

surface of the mandibular basale have few bristles.

DISTRIBUTION.—From only one locality off the

coast of Spanish Sahara at a depth of 53 m on a

sand bottom.
76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Literature Cited

Bowman, Thomas E., and Louis S. Kornicker

1967. Two New Crustaceans: The Parasitic Copepod

Sphaeronellopsis monothrix (Choniostomatidae)

and its Myodocopid Ostracod Host Parasterope

pollex (Cylindroleberidae) [sic] from the Southern

New England Coast. Proceedings of the United

States National Museum, 123 (3613): 1-28, 7 figures,

1 plate.

Brady, G. S.

1868. A Synopsis of the Recent British Ostracoda. Intellectual Observer, 12:110-130, 2 plates.

1897. A Supplementary Report on the Crustaceans of the

Group Myodocopa Obtained during the 'Challenger' Expedition, with Notes on Other New or

Imperfectly Known Species. Transactions of the

Zoological Society of London, 14 (pt. 3, no. 7):85-

100, plates 15-17.

de Folin, L.

1870. Crustaces. Pages 245-246 in Chapter 16: Crustacds

et mollusque nouveaux de la cote d'Afrique. Les

fonds de la mer. Volume 1. Paris: Savy, Librairefiditeur.

Klie, Walter

1940. Beitrage zur Fauna der Eulitorals von DeutschSiidwest-Afrika, II: Ostracoden von der Kiiste

Deutsch-Siidwest-Afrika. Kieler Meeresforschungen,

3 (2):404-448, 91 figures.

1943. Ostracoden aus Marokko und Mauretanien. 7.0-

ologischer Anzeiger, 143 (3/4):49-62, 20 figures.

Kornicker, Louis S.

1958. Ecology and Taxonomy of Recent Marine Ostracodes in the Bimini Area, Great Bahama Bank.

Publications of the Institute of Marine Science, 5:

194-300, 89 figures.

1969. Morphology, Ontogeny, and Intraspecific Variation

of Spinacopia, a New Genus of Myodocopid Ostracod (Sarsiellidae). Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology, 8:1-50, 26 figures, 6 plates.

1974a. Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

173:1-20, 11 figures.

1974b. Revision of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,

178:1-000, 26 figures.

In press. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163.

In prep. Ivory Coast Ostracoda (Suborder: Myodocopina).

Moguilevsky, A., and F. C. Ramirez

1970. Cycloleberis poulseni Especie Nueva (Ostracoda,

Asteropidae) Crustacea Bentonico Del Area De Mar

Del Plata, Argentina. Physis, 29(79):461-47l, 8

figures.

Miiller, G. W.

1894. Die Ostracoden des Golfes von Neapel und der

Angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Volume 21 of

Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. viii + 404

pages, 40 plates. Berlin: Verlag von R. Friedlander

& Sohn.

1906. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Expedition. Volume 30

in Siboga-Expeditie, 40 pages, 9 plates. Leiden: E.

J. BrilL

1912. Ostracoda. In Das Tierreich. Volume 31, xxxiii + 434

pages, 92 figures. Berlin: Verlag R. Friedlander und

Sohn.

Poulsen, E. M.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 2: Cypridiformes-Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. Volume 65 in

Dana Report. 484 pages, 156 figures. Copenhagen:

Carlsberg Foundation.

Reys, Simone

1965. Ostracodes de la biocoenose des fonds detritiques

cotiers et de ses facies d'algues calcaires. Recueil

des Trairaux de la Station Marine D"Endoume,

38(54):255-267.

Scott, T.

1894. Report on Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea,

Collected by John Rattray, B.Sc. Transactions of

the Linnean Society, 2nd series (Zoology), 6:1-161,

15 plates.

Skogsberg, T.

1920. Studies on Marine Ostracods, 1: Cypridinids, Halocyprids and Polycopids. Zoologiska Bidrag fran

Uppsala, supplement, 1:1-784, 153 figures.

Vos, A. P. C. De

1957. Loste annotee des ostracodes marins des environs

de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimental et

Generate, 95(1): 1-74.
Index

(New species and principal accounts are noted in italics)

aberrata, Parasterope, 18, 21, 23

alpha, Parasterope, 2 (tab. 1), 2, 7, 11-14, 13 (fig. 6)

Archasterope species indeterminate, 1

Asterope grimaldi, 1

muelleri, 1, 8

mulleri, 1, 8

Mulleri, 8

squamiger, 1, 47

teres, 8

Asteropina mulleri, 8

Asteropteron, 45, 47, 59

nodulosum, 1, 75

setiferum, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 59, 66-75, 66 (fig. 37), 67 (fig. 38),

68 (fig. 39), 70 (fig. 40), 72 (fig. 41), 73 (fig. 42), 74

(fig. 43)

skogsbergi, 75

species indeterminate, 5, 75

upsilon, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 59-66, 60 (fig. 32), 62 (fig. 33), 64

(fig. 34), 65 (fig. 35), 66 (fig. 36)

bacescui, Cylindroleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 28, 29-37, 30 (fig.

15), 32 (fig. 16), 33 (fig. 17), 35 (fig. 18), 36 (tab. 2)

bensoni, Synasterope, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 23-29, 24 (fig. 11), 25

(fig. 12), 26 (fig. 13), 27 (fig. 14)

bradyi, Cypridina, 1

corrugata, Parasterope, 21, 23

cushmani, Synasterope, 6, 7

Cyclasterope lobiancoi, 47

Cyclasteropinae, 5, 45, 47 (key)

Cycloleberis, 45, 47

galathea, 1

lobiancoi, 1

squamiger, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 47-58, 48 (fig. 24), 49 (fig.

25), 50 (fig. 26), 52 (fig. 27), 54 (fig. 28), 55 (fig. 29), 57

(fig. 30), 58 (fig. 31)

Cylindroleberididae, 1, 3 (fig. 1), 5 (key)

Cylindroleberidinae, 5, 6 (key), 6-7

genus indeterminate, 5, 45

Cylindroleberis, 6, 29

bacescui, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 28, 29-37, 30 (fig. 15), 32 (fig. 16),

33 (fig. 17), 35 (fig. 18), 36 (tab. 2)

grimaldi, 36 (tab. 2)

grimaldi vicina, 36, 37

nodulifera, 37

species indeterminate, 5, 37

teres, 8

Cypridina (?) bradyi, 1

galathea, Cycloleberis, 1,

genus indeterminate, Cylindroleberidinae, 5, 45

grimaldi, Asterope, 1

Cylindroleberis, 36 (tab. 2)

grimaldi vicina, Cylindroleberis, 36, 37

gyion, Prionotoleberis, 41

lobiancoi, Cyclasterope, 47

Cycloleberis, 1

mackenziei, Polyleberis, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 41^f5, 42 (fig.

21), 44 (fig. 22), 46 (fig. 23)

mauritania, Parasterope, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 18-21, 19 (fig. 8), 20

(fig. 9), 21, 23

muelleri, Asterope, 1, 8

Parasterope, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 8-11, 9 (fig. 4), 10 (fig.

5), 14

Mulleri, Asterope, 8

mulleri, Asterope, 8

Asteropina, 8

nana, Parasterope, 2, 23

nodulifera, Cylindroleberis, 37

nodulosum, Asteropteron, 1, 75

Parasterope, 6, 7 (key), 17

aberrata, 18, 21, 23

alpha, 2 (tab. 1), 7, 11-14, 13 (fig. 6)

corrugata, 21, 23

mauritania, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 18-21, 19 (fig. 8), 20 (fig. 9),

21, 23

muelleri, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 8-11, 9 (fig. 4), 10 (fig. 5), 14

nana, 21, 23

pollex, 17

sohni, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 14-18, 15 (fig. 7)

species indeterminate, 2, 23

thrix, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 21-23, 22 (fig. 10)

pax, Prionotoleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 37-41, 38 (fig. 19), 40

(fig. 20)

pollex, Parasterope, 17

Polyleberis, 2, 6, 41

mackenziei, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 41-45, 42 (fig. 21), 44 (fig.

22), 46 (fig. 23)

species indeterminate, 5, 45

Prionotolebris, 2, 6, 37

gyion, 41

Prionotoleberis pax, 2 (tab. 1). ">-", 37-41, 38 (fig. 19), 40

(fig. 20)

77
78

setiferum, Asteropteron, 2, (tab. 1), 5, 59, 66-75, 66 (fig. 37),

67 (fig. 38), 68 (fig. 39), 70 (fig. 40), 72 (fig. 41), 73

(fig. 42), 74 (fig. 43)

skogsbergi, Asteropteron, 75

sohni, Parasterope, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 14-18, 15 (fig. 7)

species indeterminate, Archasterope, 1

Asteropteron, 5, 75

Cylindroleberis, 5, 37

Parasterope, 2, 23

Polyleberis, 5, 45

squamiger, Asterope, 1, 47

Cycloleberis, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 47-58, 48 (fig. 24), 49 (fig.

25), 50 (fig. 26), 52 (fig. 27), 54 (fig. 28), 55 (fig. 29), 57

(fig. 30), 58 (fig. 31)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Synasterope, 6, 23, 29

bensoni, 2 (tab. 1), 5-7, 23-29, 24 (fig. 11), 25 (fig. 12),

26 (fig. 13), 27 (fig. 14)

cushmani, 6, 7

teres, Asterope, 8

Cylindroleberis, 8

thrix, Parasterope, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 5, 7, 21-23, 22 (fig. 10)

upsilon, Asteropteron, 2 (tab. 1) 5, 59-66, 60 (fig. 32), 62

(fig. 33), 64 (fig. 34), 65 (fig. 35), 66 (fig. 36)

vicina, Cylindroleberis grimaldi, 36, 37

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