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## CULTURAL RESOURCE S INVESTIGATIONS^^ ? O F TH E APACH E TAILING S AREA , OPERABLE UNI T 7 , CALIFORNIA GULC H SUPERFUN D SITE , LAK E COUNTY,COLORAD O TEX T AN D APPENDICE S A- B MARILY N A

. MARTORAN O DAVI D KILLAM TEDHOEFERII I 

### Submitte d t o ASARCO,INC

. Submitte d b y Foothill Engineerin g Consultants , Inc

. 3 5 0 Indian a St. , Suit e 41 5 Golden , G O 8040 1 

### Foothill Engineerin g Consultants , Inc

. Cultura l Resource s Repor t No

. 2 1 Novembe r 28, 1995CULTURAL RESOURCE S INVESTIGATION

S O F TH E APACH E TAILIN G AREA , OPERABLE UNI T 7 , CALIFORNIA GULC H SUPERFUN D SITE , LAK E COUNTY , COLORAD O DAT E O F CULTURA L RESOURCE S FIELD WORK : Augus t 1 5 an d 16 , 1995

. PURPOS E O F ARCHAEOLOGICA

L WORK : Th e Apach e Tailing s Area , O U 7 , is propose d fo r remova l action s and/o r remedia l action s a s par t o f th e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Sit e activities

. T o assess thi s are a fo r potentia l historica l significance , a n intensiv e survey wa s conducte d o f th e edg e o f th e tailing s an d a n are a approximatel y 10 0 fee t (3 0 meters ) awa y fro m th e tailings

. Th e cultura l resource s investigation s wer e conducte d fo r Asarco , Inc

. Tabl e 1 include s a managemen t summary fo r thi s project

. PROJEC T OBJECTIVES

: Th e objectiv e o f th e projec t wa s t o survey al l areas tha t ma y b e impacte d visuall y and/o r by potentia l groun d disturbin g activities , an d t o compl y wit h al l applicabl e Federa l legislation

. Federa l agencies , includin g th e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) , ar e mandate d b y a numbe r o f Federa l regulations , statute s an d executiv e order s t o inventory , evaluat e an d assess cultura l resource s locate d o n Federa l lands , o r o n privat e land s tha t ma y b e impacte d b y land-altering project s involving Federa l fundin g o r action

. Thi s legislatio n include s th e Nationa l Histori c Preservatio n Ac t o f 1966 (a s amende d 198 0 an d 1992) , an d Nationa l Environmenta l Polic y Ac t o f 196 9 (NEPA)

. Al l o f th e cultura l resources investigation s conducte d fo r ASARC O fo r th e Apach e Tailing 

### Area , O U 7 , meet o r excee d th e requirement s o f th e above-cite d legislation

. T w o document s gover n th e cultura l resource s requirement s t o meet Sectio n 1 0 6 o f th e Nationa l Histori c Preservatio n Ac t fo r thi s project

. Th e firs t documen t i s th e Programati c Agreemen t (PA ) betwee n th e EPA , Colorado State Histori c Preservatio n Office r (SHPO ) an d th e Nationa l Advisor y Counci l o n Histori c Preservatio n (amende d 7/94)

. Thi s agreemen t provide s guideline s fo r a n identificatio n an d evaluatio n process , assessin g th e effects o n an d managemen t o f histori c properties , discover y o f histori c propertie s during actions , involvemen t o f intereste d parties , adherenc e t o standard s a n d guidance , an d professiona l qualifications

. I n addition , th e P A allowe d f o r developmen t o f th e secon d document , a n Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n (ID& E Plan)

. Thi s documen t wa s finalize d i n Ma y 199 4 (Martoran o e t a l

. 1994 ) an d al l wor k fo r thi s projec t wa s undertake n i n accordanc e wit h t h e ID& E guidelines

. PROJECT LOCATIO N AN D ARE A O F INVENTORY: Th e Apach e Tailin g Are a is locate d i n Lak e Count y sout h o f th e tow n o f Leadvill e (Figur e 1 ) i n Sectio n 25 , T9S , R80 W (USGS Leadvill e Sout h 7.5' , 1969)

. LAN D STATUS : Privat e ACRE S SURVEYED : A tota l o f approximatel y 4 2 acres wa s surveye d intensively

. Figur e 2 show s th e locatio n o f th e are a surveyed

.TABL E 1 MANAGEMEN

T SUMMAR Y SITE NUMBER / NAM E INDIVIDUA L

NRH P RECOMMENDATIO N DISTRIC T

RECOMMENDATIO N 5LK890 / Apach e Mill an d Tailin g Pon d N o t

Eligibl e N o t

Contributin g 5LK891/possibl e Eligible-Criterio n

D stam p mil l Contributing

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. Projec t Locatio n Map

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. Figur e 2

. Ma p o f areas surveyed

. 4PROJEC T

PERSONNEL : Marily n A

. Martorano , (Principa l Investigator) , Foothill Engineerin g Consultants , Inc

. David G

. Killam , (Assistan t Archaeologist) , Foothil l Engineering Consultants , Inc

. T e d Hoefe r HI , (Assistan t Archaeologist) , Foothil l Engineering Consultants , Inc

. ENVIRONMENT : Geolog y an d Physiograph y T h e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d sit e i s i n an d aroun d Leadville , Colorado , i n t h e uppe r Arkansa s Valle y betwee n th e Mosquito Rang e o n th e eas t an d th e Sawatc h Rang e o n th e west

. Th e valle y i s considere d th e norther n en d o f t h e Ri o Grande Rift , a long , narro w landfor m tha t subside d whe n othe r part s o f th e Souther n Rockie s wer e uplifte d durin g th e Miocen e an d Pliocene

. T h e Arkansa s Rive r flow s sout h throug h thi s downfaulte d valley

. Bot h th e Mosquito Rang e an d Sawatc h Rang e ar e part s o f a single Laramide uplift , togethe r formin g on e wide , faulte d anticline

. Sedimentar y rocks o n th e Mosquit o Rang e di p t o th e east whil e thos e o n th e Sawatc h Rang e di p west

. Grave l terrace s merg e upstrea m wit h glacia l moraine s o n bot h side s o f th e Arkansa s Valle y an d Leadville is locate d o n thes e terraces

. Abov e an d eas t o f th e tow n o f Leadville , mineral s suc h a s silver , gold , lead, an d zin c ar e foun d i n ore s deposite d durin g th e Laramid e Orogeny a s mineral-ric h solution s worke d along fault s an d int o th e Devonia n an d Mississippia n limeston e layers

. Fault s i n th e mining area expos e mineral-enriche d

rocks o n th e surfac e i n a stair-ste p fashio n u p th e slop e abov e Leadvill e (Chroni c 1980 ; Twet o 1979)

. T h e elevatio n a t th e Apach e Tailin g are a i s approximatel y 10,10 0 fee t abov e s e a level

. Topograph y varies fro m nearl y 0 % slop e i n th e Gulc h drainag e bottom , t o approximatel y 20 % slope s along th e sout h slop e o f Californi a Gulch

. T h e majo r drainag e i n Q U 7 i s Californi a Gulch , a permanen t strea m flowin g northeas t t o southwes t t o it s confluenc e wit h th e Arkansa s Rive r (approximatel y tw o mile s t o th e west)

. Californi a Gulc h currentl y flow s beneat h th e tailing s pil e an d re-emerge s adjacen t t o th e souther n edg e o f t h e Apach e Tailing Area

. Soil s Distributio n o f soi l type s in O U 7 ar e a functio n o f elevation , bedroc k an d topography

. Band s an d patche s o f soi l for m i n correspondenc e

t o topographi c features

. Th e regiona l surve y dat a classifie s th e soil s o f th e are a a s Alfisol s an d ar e subclassifie d a s Cryoboralf s wit h Borolls , Cryochrepts , an d Cryothod s (USD A Soi l Conservatio n Servic e 1975:412

- 413)

. Th e surfac e o f OU 7 consist s primaril y o f tailings

. Nativ e soil s eviden t along th e margin s o f th e tailing s consis t primaril y o f alluvia l soil s an dgravels

.

Naturally occurrin g toolstone-qualit y chalcedonie s hav e als o bee n reporte d i n Iow a Gulch , jus t sout h o f OU 7 (Buckle s 1978:161)

. Climate 

### Climat e in th e area i s dependen t o n bot h loca l topograph y an d overal l seasona l weathe r patterns

. Th e genera l climat e i s characteristi c o f hig h elevatio n mountainou s region s i n Colorado wit h col d temperatures , dee p winte r snows , an d short , coo l summers . Th e mea n averag e temperatur e fo r Leadvill e range s fro m 5 6 degree s F

. i n Jul y t o 2 2 degree s F

. i n January

. 

### T h e averag e rainfal l i s 18.4 8 inche s an d th e averag e snowfal l i s 124. 7 inches

. T h e highl y varie d topograph y i n th e genera l area create s extreme s o f temperatur e an d precipitation , influence d a s wel l by gradien t an d aspect

. I n winter , hig h pressur e cell s o f col d ai r frequentl y for m wher e drainag e i s poo r o r th e ai r i s still , especiall y withi n hig h mountai n park s (Berr y 1975)

. Ai r temperatur e decrease s wit h increasin g altitude a t a rat e o f approximatel y thre e degree s F

. fo r eac h thousan d fee t i n elevatio n increas e (Mute l an d Emeric k 1984:8)

. Therefore , th e hig h mountainou s areas eas t o f Leadvill e a r e likel y t o b e muc h colde r o n th e averag e tha n th e lowe r valle y areas t o t h e wes t along th e Arkansa s River

. Vegetatio n Lik e th e soils , th e vegetatio n is influence d b y slope , aspec t an d elevation

. T h e Apach e Tailing are a i s locate d primaril y withi n th e Montan e life-zon e (Mute l an d Emeric k 1984:17)

. Th e majo r vegetatio n grou p i s Lodgepol e Pin e Forests

. Thi s pin e fores t tend s t o occu r o n relativel y well-draine d an d d r y slopes , an d include s lodgepol e an d ponderos a pine , an d spruce/fir

. Understor y specie s ar e generall y spars e an d include wil d rose , blueberry , silver y lupin e an d commo n juniper

. Vegetatio n i s absen t o n th e Apach e Tailing s themselves , bu t Montan e vegetatio n i s presen t along th e souther n margi n o f th e Tailings

. Faun a Severa l wildlif e specie s have been commonl y identifie d a s bein g associate d 

### wit h th e variou s habitat s locate d i n an d adjacen t t o th e Superfun d Site

. Mammal s commo n t o thi s ecozon e includ e coyote , porcupine , badger , cottontail , mul e deer , groun d squirrel , skunk , marmot , deermouse , pika , vole , weasel , raccoon , otter , an d possibl y beaver

. Othe r faun a commo n t o thi s typ e o f mountainou s environmenta l zon e include variou s rodents , an d bird s suc h a s songbirds , raptor s an d waterfow l (Mute l an d Emeric k 1984)

. Huma n Impac t Previou s impact s t o th e surve y are a ar e relate d primaril y t o th e placemen t o f t h e Apach e tailings

. Th e 192 6 USG S ma p show s roads , railroa d track s an d o n e unidentifie d structur e i n th e are a no w occupie d b y th e tailings

.RECORD S

SEARCH : 

### Prio r t o fieldwork , a n in-dept h record s searc h was conducte d a t th e Colorado SHP O an d othe r agencie s a s par t o f th e wor k requirement s undertake n fo r th e ID&E Pla n (Martoran o e t al

. 1994)

. Th e Apach e Tailing h as no t bee n previousl y inventorie d o r recorded

. Extensiv e research wa s conducte d by Jacob s Engineering fo r thei r repor t 

### "Historica l Minera l Processin g Operation s o f th e Leadvill e Minin g District " (1991)

. Concernin g th e Apach e Mill , th e repor t state s tha t "n o informatio n w a s obtaine d o n th e mil l durin g this study " (Jacob s Engineering Group , Inc

. 1991:24)

. N o additiona l archiva l research ha s been conducted

. A n integra l par t o f th e historica l sit e research consiste d o f contacting "intereste d persons" , includin g th e Lak e Count y Histori c Preservatio n Advisor y Board , wh o have knowledg e abou t pas t histori c event s and/o r resources i n the O U 7 area . A lette r requestin g additiona l informatio n o n t h e histor y o f th e Apach e Tailin g sit e wa s sen t t o over 2 5 person s an d group s o n Jul y 18 , 199 5 (se e Appendi x B)

. N o additiona l informatio n concernin g th e Apach e Mil l sit e wa s received

. CULTURA L HISTORY : 

### A cultura l histor y overvie w o f th e Superfun d Sit e are a is include d i n th e "Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n fo r Cultura l Resources , Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site , Lak e County , Colorado " (Martoran o e t al

. 1994)

. Th e reade r i s referre d t o this documen t fo r a thoroug h cultura l history an d prehistori c overvie w applicabl e t o O U 7

. RESEARC H DESIGN : 

### Genera l research goal s fo r this projec t included : locatio n an d identificatio n o f al l prehistori c an d histori c cultura l resources withi n area s propose d fo r impact; assignmen t o f cultura l affiliation , sit e type , functio n an d them e o f 

### t h e locate d resource s throug h analysi s o f structura l remain s an d temporall y diagnosti c materials ; an d identificatio n o f Nationa l Registe r o f Histori c Place s (NRHP ) propertie s o r thos e potentiall y eligibl e fo r inclusio n i n th e NRHP

. 

### Site s wer e als o evaluate d fo r potentia l contributing statu s fo r th e newl y define d Leadville Histori c Minin g District, 5LK856 , (SHP O lette r date d 2/13/95)

. Specifi c researc h goal s relevan t t o th e prehistori c an d histori c perio d in O U 7 have been outline d in Martoran o e t al

. (1994)

. Althoug h th e elevatio n withi n thi s are a ma y have limite d th e possibilitie s fo r year-roun d aborigina l occupations , i t is probabl e tha t flor a an d faun a wer e utilize d b y aborigina l group s a t leas t o n a seasona l basis

. Th e drainag e corridors , suc h a s Californi a Gulch , coul d als o hav e bee n utilize d a s trave l routes

.Cultura l

Resourc e Definition s Prehistori c Resources A prehistori c sit e wa s define d in th e I D & E Pla n (Martoran o e t al

. 1994 ) a s fiv e o r more flakes , tool s o r ceramics , o r an y feature , i.e. , hearth , ston e circle , etc

. Thi s definitio n wa s intende d t o includ e loc i o f patterne d huma n behavio r bu t exclud e thos e areas o f randoml y discarde d prehistori c cultura l material

. Rando m occurrence s o f prehistori c material s were designate d a s isolate d finds

. A prehistori c isolate d fin d (IF ) wa s define d a s les s tha n fiv e flakes , tools , 

### ceramics , etc

. Histori c Resource s A histori c sit e was define d as a manmad e structur e o r it s remnants ; element s o f a manmad e landscape ; o r a physical , natura l location , identifie d throug h archiva l research , o n whic h a n earlie r histori c event(s ) occurred

. T h e histori c sit e definitio n als o include d location s lackin g features , bu t containing artifacts representing 2 0 o r mor e Euro-America n

object s (minimu m vessel s count ) withi n a discret e area (base d o n professiona l judgement)

. Example : on e bottl e broke n int o 2 5 piece s wa s define d a s a n isolate d find ; 2 0 piece s o f glass , representing 2 0 separat e objects , wa s define d a s a site

. Th e sit e definitio n als o include d location s o f histori c groun d disturbance , suc h a s collapse d min e adit s an d shafts , o r ditches

. Exception s include d prospec t pit s o r min e wast e pile s lackin g associate d cultura l materials , structura l remains , o r othe r features

. Thes e wer e recorde d a s isolate d find s rathe r tha n sites

. Histori c site s ar e thos e tha t ar e a t leas t 5 0 years o r older

. Exception s include d thos e site s tha t wer e no t 5 0 years old , bu t wer e exceptiona l example s o r provid e uniqu e informatio n abou t a histori c event , technology , etc

. Histori c site s als o include d architectura l an d histori c archaeologica l resources . A histori c isolate d fin d (IF ) wa s define d a s th e remain s o f les s tha n 2 0 Euro-America n object s (minimu m vesse l count ) withi n a n are a demonstrating limite d activit y an d lacking evidenc e o f a feature

. Exception s include d les s tha n 2 0 Euro-America n object s tha t ar e no t uniqu e o r diagnostic , an d ar e locate d i n disturbe d contexts

. Example s include d fragments o f glass , wood , a n d meta l foun d i n fluvia l deposits

. Thes e type s o f remain s woul d b e note d in th e cultura l resources repor t bu t no t officiall y recorde d a s isolate d finds

. Anticipate d Resource s I t wa s anticipate d prio r t o fieldwor k tha t th e majorit y o f resource s woul d b e relate d t o th e us e o f th e are a a s a Tailing s impoundment

. Any prehistori c resource s tha t ma y hav e existe d in thi s portio n o f O U 7 hav e probabl y been destroye d o r remove d fro m thei r origina l context

.SURVE Y

METHODS : T h e fiel d survey wa s complete d b y tw o archaeologist s o n Augus t 1 5 an d 1 6 , 1995

. Th e centra l portio n o f th e tailing s impoundmen t wa s no t surveye d du e t o potentia l safet y risks

. Th e edg e o f th e tailing s an d a n are a approximatel y 10 0 fee t fro m th e edg e o f th e tailing s wer e surveye d intensivel y (100%)

. Surveye d areas wer e walke d i n a zig-za g fashio n t o achiev e maximu m coverag e o f th e area . Spacin g interval s range d fro m 5 t o 1 0 meters

. Photograph s were take n o f th e surve y area an d resources . DESCRIPTIO N O F RESOURCE S RECORDED : T w o resources , includin g 5LK890 , th e Apach e Mil l an d Tailing Pond; an d 5LK89 1 were recorde d during th e surve y an d ar e describe d below : Site 5LK89 0 Apach e Tailin g Site Number/Sit e Type : 5LK890/mil l an d tailin g pon d (Figure s 3-11)

. Elevation/Topographi c

Setting : 10,10 0 ft./307 8 m. ; th e Apach e Mil l an d Tailin g Pon d is locate d adjacen t t o Californi a Gulch , sout h o f th e town o f Leadvill e an d west o f Carbonat e hill

. Sit e Area/Depth : 65 0 ft

. nort h t o sout h x 1 50 0 ft

. east t o west

. Th e tailin g impoundmen t covers approximatel y 2 2 acres o f th e site

. Tota l volum e o f tailin g i s estimate d t o b e 650,00 0 cubic yards

. Flora : Th e tailin g pon d i s voi d o f vegetation

. Proximit y to Water : Californi a Gulc h actuall y flow s beneat h th e tailin g pon d a n d re-emerge s along th e souther n edge

. Condition : Th e machiner y an d building s o f th e mil l hav e bee n remove d fo r salvage ; (remova l wa s occurin g during sit e recordation)

. Remain s o f th e slurr y flum e occur alon g th e wes t an d southwes t perimete r o f th e tailings ; shor t section s o f th e flum e stil l exist , bu t fo r th e most par t i t ha s deteriorated

. Th e pum p houses , Feature s 1 an d 2 , ar e stil l standin g bu t ar e nearl y collapsed

. Th e sit e i s basicall y a n undistinguishe d topographi c 

### expression

. Cultura l Affiliation : Th e remain s currentl y onsit e ar e presume d t o b e affiliate d wit h th e lates t perio d o f minin g i n Leadville

. Sit e History : Construction & History: Date s o f constructio n fo r th e Apach e Mil l ar e unknown

. Extensiv e research wa s conducte d by Jacob s Engineering fo r th e repor t title d "Historica l Minera l Processin g Operations , Leadvill e Minin g Distric t (Jacob s Engineering Group , Inc

. 1991:24)

. Th e repor t di d no t locat e archiva l reference s fo r th e Apach e Mill , an d speculate d thi s wa s th e resul t o f th e Apach e bein g a moder n operation

. Genera l consensu s fro m loca l person s i s tha t th e Apach e bega n operation s in th e 1 940s , probabl y duringt h e

wa r years . Th e Mil l primaril y reprocesse d ol d min e waste , an d continue d t o operat e unti l 1989

. Description : Th e sit e consist s o f th e Apach e tailin g pile/pond , moder n mil l remains , th e remain s o f th e tailing s flum e an d tw o smal l outbuilding s locate d i n th e Californi a Gulc h drainage

. Cla y til e pipe s were installe d o n th e sout h sid e o f th e Gulc h t o diver t wate r throug h th e pile , probabl y whe n th e Apach e bega n operations

. Th e tailing s pile (Featur e 3 ) i s approximatel y 350 m x 267m

. Th e mill, locate d o n th e wes t en d o f th e tailing s pile , was recentl y remove d fo r salvag e an d onl y a moder n aluminum-side d

buildin g remain s (Figur e 7)

. Th e remain s o f a woode n slurry/flum e ar e presen t aroun d th e exterio r o f th e pile an d crossin g par t o f th e interio r (Figur e 4 an d 8 )

. Associate d wit h th e pil e o n th e east an d nort h side s ar e tw o small, single-roo m wood fram e structure s (Figure s 9 an d 10)

. Th e flum e passe s 

### throug h th e norther n structur e (Featur e 2) , a probabl e pum p hous e (3 m x 3m)

. Th e easter n shac k (Featur e 1 ) i s locate d jus t of f th e pil e an d directl y over th e pre-diversio n Californi a Gulc h channel

. Featur e 1 is als o a probabl e pum p hous e (2.55 m x 2.45m)

. Th e onl y artifact s foun d i n associatio n wit h th e sit e ar e a scatterin g o f lumbe r throughou t th e pile , an d th e base o f a dar k oliv e whiske y bottl e (predatin g th e tailings ) a t th e bas e o f th e pil e a t 

### t h e southeas t corner .

1

0Figur e

3

. Genera l view o f sit e 5LK890 , Apach e Tailing , looking nort h a t th e eas t en d o f th e tailing ; Featur e 1 , probabl e pum p house , is o n t h e right

.

Figur e

4

. Overvie w o f sit e 5LK89 0 lookin g north , remain s o f flum e i n tailings

. Not e

1 1Figur e

5

. Genera l view o f sit e 5LK890 , Apach e Tailing , looking sout h towar d th e southeas t en d o f th e tailing

.



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. Overvie w o f th e wes t en d o f th e Apach e Tailing , sit e 5LK890 , lookin g northwest

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. Genera l vie w o f mill area , sit e 5LK890 , looking west

.

Figur e 8

. Overvie w o f flum e suppor t structure , sit e 5LK890 , lookin g west

. 1

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9

. Featur e 1 , pum p house , sit e 5LK890 , lookin g sout h a t norther n elevation

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Figur e 10

. Featur e 2 , pum p house , sit e 5LK890 , looking sout h a t norther n elevation

.
1

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### 5LK89 0 on 6 5LK89 1 Foothil l Engineering Consultants , Inc

. Figur e 11

. Sit e ma p o f 5LK89 0 1 5Sit e

5LK89 1 Site Number/Sit e Type : 5LK891/structura l

remain s (possibl y th e remain s o f a stam p mill ) an d a n artifac t scatte r (Figure s 12-17)

. Elevation/Topographi c

Setting : 10,08 0 ft./307 2 m. ; th e sit e is locate d o n 

### t h e floodplai n an d terrac e o f Californi a Gulc h o n th e sout h sid e o f th e presen t channel

. Sit e Area/Depth : 92 m E- W x 25m N-S

. Sit e depth is unknow n bu t soil s ar e approximatel y 20-30c m deep

. Flora : Pine , willows , sage , lupin e an d variou s grasses . Proximit y t o Water : Californi a Gulc h is locate d onsite

. Condition : Th e structur e ha s deteriorate d bu t th e sit e exhibit s a hig h densit y o f artifacts , an d archaeologica l potentia l may b e high

. Th e nort h sid e o f th e sit e is i n water-logge d deposit s along Californi a Gulch

. Cultura l Affiliation : Probabl y Euro-American ;

th e artifacts remainin g a t th e sit e sugges t a dat e o f lat e 19t h and/o r earl y 20t h century

. Sit e History : Th e exac t functio n o f th e sit e i s unknown

. Artifact s sugges t lat e 19t h and/o r earl y 20t h century domesti c an d ligh t industria l occupation

. M r

. Da n McEcker n (1995) believe s tha t a stam p mil l may hav e operate d a t thi s location

. Description : Th e sit e consist s o f a collapse d structure , a wate r flume , a railroa d grad e an d artifac t scatter

. Th e sit e is locate d next t o th e ridg e slop e o n th e sout h sid e o f Californi a Gulch

. Th e presen t channe l o f Californi a Gulc h form s muc h o f th e norther n sit e boundary

. Th e Apach e Mil l Tailing Pil e (5LK890 ) i s locate d immediatel y nort h o f th e channel

. Th e structur e remains (Featur e 1 ) an d artifac t scatte r ar e locate d wher e Californi a Gulc h bend s t o th e southwest

. Immediatel y t o th e sout h o f th e structur e i s th e railroa d grad e (Colorado Midland)

. Th e railroa d grad e i s cu t int o th e ridg e slope

. Th e base o f th e grade/ridgeslop e

adjacen t t o th e 

### structur e has been line d wit h cobbles

. Th e slop e ma y have serve d as a structur e wall , o r cobble s wer e place d t o retai n th e slope

. Directl y t o th e wes t o f th e structur e ar e a serie s o f paralle l depression s du g perpendicula r t o th e slope ; thei r functio n is unknown

. Mos t o f th e artifacts observe d o n t h e sit e ar e associate d wit h th e structur e an d this area . Th e railroa d grad e follow s Californi a Gulc h t o th e narro w poin t betwee n th e Gulc h an d th e tailings

. A woode n bea m retaining wal l is locate d a t thi s point

. A t on e time , th e grad e probabl y crosse d Californi a Gulch , bu t th e Apach e Tailing s h a s destroye d th e grad e o n th e nort h sid e o f th e Gulch

. Th e flum e remain s begi n ca . 15m fro m wher e th e railroa d grad e terminate s an d extend s ca . 40m

. Th e flum e i s mad e o f mille d lumbe r an d wire nails

. I t i s buil t int o th e ridg e slop e along th e Gulch

. I t appear s tha t th e flum e wa s i n us e prio r t o t h e depositio n o f th e Apach e Tailing s pile

. Th e Gulc h wate r wa s diverte d throug h cerami c pipe s abov e th e flum e whe n th e tailin g pil e wa s built ; th e flum e the n fel l int o disrepair

. Th e flum e ma y have extende d dow n t o Featur e 1 , possibl y providin g power

. Piece s o f lumbe r lyin g i n Californi a Gulc h nex t t o th e flum e ar e o f th e same dimensions

. Mos t o f th e artifacts 1 6a r e

domestic , bu t th e structur e constructio n appear s more substantia l tha n a habitation

. Fo r example , a remainin g wall/floo r segmen t show s doubl e layer s o f plankin g wit h shee t meta l in-between

. Th e chimney pip e i s als o heavy-duty , large r tha n commo n domesti c stov e pipe

. Artifacts : Artifacts ar e numerou s an d consis t o f th e following : glas s foo d container s an d alcoholi c beverag e bottle s (green , brown , clear , purple , blue , dar k olive , an d aqua) , windo w glass , brown earthenwar e crockery , undecorate d an d decorate d ceramic fragments , cu t an d wire nails , sanitar y t i n cans , mille d lumber , scra p lumber , shee t metal , chimney pipe , re d an d whit e brick , rubbe r fragments , larg e butchere d mamma l bones , barre l hoops , railroa d spike , leathe r sho e an d strap , ceramic marble , glas s an d shel l buttons , an d cerami c electri c insulato r fragments

.

1 7^?.^*£-~~ "
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Figur e 12

. Genera l vie w o f sit e 5LK89 1 lookin g east/northeast

. Arrow s indicate featur e locations

.



# ittwrng?^ Figur e 13

. Overvie w o f Featur e 1 a t th e east en d o f sit e 5LK891

. 1 8Figur e

14

. Detai l o f eas t en d o f Featur e 1 , Sit e 5LK891 , lookin g southeast

. 

## '^^^M

southeast

. Figur e

15

. Detai l o f ston e wall , sit e 5LK891 , lookin g

1 9Figur e

16

. Detai l o f flume , sit e 5LK891 , looking east

.

20C O c C D

__ i v J cn C D C D

- o O 1 C O C D \ APACHE

x \ \ \ \ 'TAILINGS,\\\\ \ \\>H \ CRIBBIN

G \ \ \ X \ \ \ \ CINDE R PIL E (EN D OF R R GRADE ) CROSSE S STREAM

DATU M SIT E Q WILLO W

TRE E BOUNDAR Y STONE S LOG S O DEPRESSIO N PINE TRE E 5m

. 10m

. 15m

. ARTIFAC T

CONCENTRATIO N

230 1 2IC T 1BQ T 16C

T 5LK89 1 DATU M A AN D B Foothil l Engineering Consultants , Inc

. DATE : 9/9 5 SCALE : 1 " = 10 m FIGURE:EVALUATION/RECOMMENDATIONS : Sit e 5LK89 0 i s recommende d a s no t eligibl e individually fo r nominatio n t o t h e NRH P an d no t contributin g t o th e Leadville Minin g Distric t (5LK856)

. T h e sit e doe s no t contai n an y relevan t historica l information , th e remaining portio n o f th e mil l is les s tha n 5 0 years old, an d th e entir e sit e may b e les s tha n 5 0 years old

. Th e sit e ha s bee n adequatel y recorde d an d n o furthe r wor k i s recommended

. Sit e 5LK89 1 i s recommende d a s individuall y eligibl e fo r nominatio n t o th e NRH P unde r criterio n D , an d contributin g t o th e Leadvill e Minin g Distric t (5LK856)

. Th e sit e ha s excellen t archaeologica l potential; burie d cultura l deposit s ar e likely

. 5LK89 1 contain s dat a o n lat e 19t h and/o r earl y 20t h century domesti c an d ligh t industria l occupatio n (includin g possibl e informatio n o n th e operatio n o f a stam p mill)

. Avoidanc e o f th e sit e is recommended

. I f avoidanc e i s no t feasible , additiona l work , suc h a s tes t excavation , archiva l researc h and/o r ora l interview s ar e recommende d t o identif y th e natur e an d significanc e o f th e site

. SUMMARY/EVALUATIO N

O F CULTURA L RESOURCES : Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc

. conducte d cultura l resource s investigation s o n Augus t 1 5 an d 16, 199 5 fo r th e Apach e Tailin g Area , Operabl e Uni t 7 (O U 7) , Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site , Lak e County , Colorado

. Thi s area i s propose d fo r remova l action s and/o r remedia l action s a s par t o f th e Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site

. Th e cultura l resource s surve y wa s conducte d fo r Asarco , Inc

. Tw o resources , 5LK89 0 an d 5LK89 1 were recorde d durin g th e survey . Sit e 5LK890 , th e Apach e Mil l an d Tailing s Pond , i s recommende d a s no t eligibl e individuall y fo r nominatio n t o th e NRH P an d no t contributin g t o th e Leadville Minin g Distric t (5LK856)

. Sit e 5LK89 1 i s recommende d a s individuall y eligible fo r nominatio n t o th e NRH P unde r criterio n D , an d contributing to th e Leadvill e Minin g Distric t (5LK856)

.

2 2REFERENCE S

CITE D AND BIBLIOGRAPHY : Berry , Michae l S

. 197 5 A n Archaeologica l surve y o f th e Northeas t Portio n o f Arche s Nationa l Monument

. Antiquitie s Sectio n Selecte d Paper s No

. 1 (3):70-100

. Uta h State Historica l Society , Sal t Lak e City , Utah

. Buckles , Willia m G

. 

### 1978 Archaeologica l Investigation s near th e Cres t o f th e Continent, 1975-1978

. Vol

. 1-3

. Prepare d i n partia l fulfillmen t o f Burea u o f Reclamatio n Contrac t 14-06-700-8155

; 14-06-700-844 0

(a s amended) , an d 8-01-73-04310

.

O n fil e a t th e Colorado Historica l Society , Offic e o f Archaeolog y an d Histori c Preservation , Denver

. 

### Chronic , Halk a 198 0 Roadsid e Geolog y o f Colorado

. Mountai n Pres s Publishin g Company

. Firebaugh , Gai l S

. 198 3 A n Archaeologist' s Guide t o th e Historica l Evolutio n o f Glas s Bottl e Technology

. Southwester n Lor e 49(2) , Jun e 1 983

. Jacob s Engineering Group , Inc

. 1 99 1 Historica l Minera l Processin g Operation s o f th e Leadvill e Minin g District, Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site , Leadville , Colorado

. Prepare d fo r th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y Alternativ e Remedia l Contract s Strategy , U.S

. EPA Regio n VII

. Denver

. Martorano , Marily n A. , David G

. Killam , R

. Lauri e Simmon s an d Thoma s H

. Simmon s 199 4 Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n fo r Cultura l Resources

. Californi a Gulc h Superfun d Site , Lak e County , Colorado

. Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc. , Cultura l Resources Repor t No

. 9

. O n fil e a t EP A Regio n VIII , Denver , Colorado

. Mutel, Corneli a F

. an d Joh n C

. Emeric k 198 4 Fro m Grasslan d t o Glacie r Th e Natura l Histor y o f Colorado

. Johnso n Books

. Denver , Colorado

. 

### Tweto , Ogde n 197 9 Geologi c Ma p o f Colorado

. Departmen t o f Interior

. U.S

. Geologica l Survey

. USD A Soi l Conservatio n Servic e 1975 Soi l Taxonomy

. Agricultur e Handboo k No

. 436

. U.S

. Geologica l Surve y 192 6 Leadvill e Minin g Distric t Map , Lak e County , Colorado

. U.S

. Geologica l Survey , Washington , D.C

.

2 3APPENDI X A PHOT O LOG SFOOTHIL L ENGINEERIN G CONSULTANT S 

### PHOTOGRAPHI C LO G 

### Projec t Nam e Asarco-Apach e Tailing s Typ e o f Fil m TMA X 100_______

_ Rol l Numbe r APM95- 1 

### Photographe r D

. Kil l a m 

### Dat e 8/15/9 5

»

n

11
t t

"

" 

### 8/16/9 5 "

" t t

n 

### " M

n

" t i 

### Exp

. N o

. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 

### 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 

### 1 6 1 7 

### 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 

### Subjec t Apach e Mil l 5LK89 0
n
i t
t i
t i

n
i t
t i
i i 

### 5LK89 1

n i i
i i 

### "
" M
t i
i t

n 

### Vie w 

### Look

i ng N E N N W N W N N W E E S W E N E E S E S S W E N W E E 

### Descriptio n 

### Apach e tailings , eas t side

. 1 o f 3

. 2 o f 3

. 3 o f 3

. i i 

### Apache , fro m sout h side

. 1 o f 2

. 2 o f 2

. 

### Apache , sout h side , timbe r an d flume

. Detai l o f flume , sout h side , Apache

. Detai l o f retentio n wall , sout h side , Apache

. 

### Genera l vie w o f site , fro m west end

. 1 o f 2

. 2 o f 2

. 

### Detai l o f Fetur e 1 , eas t end

. t r 

### Genera l view

. o f site

. 1 o f 2

. 2 o f 2

. Detai l o f ston e wall , east end

. Detai l o f flume , fro m Datu m B

. "FOOTHIL L ENGINEERIN G CONSULTANT S 

### PHOTOGRAPHI C LO G 

### Projec t Nam e Asarco-Aoach e Tailing s Typ e o f Fil m TMA X 100_______

_ Rol l Numbe r APM95- 2 

### Photographe r D

. Kil l a m Dat e 8/16/9 5 i t

" t i

"
M
ii

" 

### Exp

. N o

. 1 2 

### 3 4 5 

### 6 7 

### 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 

### 2 3 2 4 

### Subjec t 

### Apach e Mil l 5LK89 0 Cal

. Gulc h 

### Apach e Mil l 5LK89 0

11 1 1

1 1 1 1

11 

### Vie w Look

i n q N E N S S W W E S W S 

### Descriptio n 

### Apach e tailings , eas t en d o f pil e an d pum p shack

. Vie w o f Ca l

. Gulc h an d Ga w Brewery

. 

### Detai l o f flume , eas t an d northeas t end

. i i 

### nort h side

. Flum e structure , northeas t corner . Detai l o f pumphous e #2 , west exterior

. 

### nort h exterior

. Detai l o f pumphous e #1 , wes t exterior

. nort h exterior

.APPENDI X B LIS T O F INTERESTE D PERSON S CONTACTE DTitle

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. Ms

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. Mr

. Mr

. Mr

. M s

. M s

. Mr

. Ms

. Ms

. Ms

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. Dr

. Edito r Firs t Nam e Pet e Leo n Anni e J i m Crai g Nei l Howar d Cathy Evely n Bil l Sharo n Nanc y Caroly n Rus s Dav e Margaret Dou g Jame s E

. Susa n M

. Las t Nam e Moore Svobod a Cavall i Martin Schreibe r Reynold s Trit z Patt i Bertho d Kor n Molle r McCai n Fun k Alie n Bake r Stau b Uhlan d Hartma n Collin s Company Citizen s fo r a Better Leadvill e Greate r Leadvill e Are a Chambe r o f Commerc e Lake Count y Civic Cente r Associatio n Lake Count y Commissioners Lake Count y Environmenta l Tas k Forc e Lake Count y Histori c Preservatio n Advisor y Board Leadvill e Cit y Counci l Leadvill e Historica l Associatio n Leadvill e Plannin g and Zonin g Commissio n Colorad o Mountain Colleg e Learnin g Resource Cente r Lake Count y Publi c Librar y R o y F

. Weston , Inc

. Colorad o Departmen t o f Publi c Healt h an d Environment Res-Newmon t Minin g Company ASARCO, Inc

. Industria l Complianc e Colorad o Stat e Histori c Preservatio n Office r Colorad o Stat e Archaeologis t Leadvill e Heral d Addres s 32 5 Wes t 9t h Street P.O

. Bo x 86 1 P.O

. Bo x 96 2 P.O

. Bo x 96 4 P.O

. Bo x 5 3 P.O

. Bo x 57 4 P.O

. Bo x 171 6 P.O

. Bo x 92 3 62 8 Fron t Stree t 20 8 Wes t 8t h Avenu e 90 1 Highway 2 4 1 1 1 Harriso n Avenue 21 5 Unio n Blvd. , Suit e 55 0 HMWMD-RP

- B 2 4300 Cherr y Cree k Drive Sout h 1700 Lincol n Stree t 495 51s t Avenu e 1 6 5 S

. Unio n Suit e 100 0 1300 Broadwa y
130 0 Broadwa y P.O

. Bo x 980 Cit y Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Lakewoo d Denve r Denver Denve r Lakewoo d Denver Denve r Leadvill e Stat e C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O C O Posta l Cod e 8046 1 8046 1 8046 1 8046 1 8046 1 80461

8046 1 8046 1 80461 8046 1

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- 153 0 80203 80216

. 209 8 80228 80203 213 7 8020 3 213 7 8046 1Democrat

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. Mr

. Mr

. Ms

. Mr

. Mr

. Mr

. Mr

. Mr

. Ms

. Mr

. Mr

. Bo b Carl Larr y Pa t Joh n Louis D

. J o e Leonar d Mik e Ros e Smile s Scot t Elde r Mille r Fran k McCo y Ham m Cumming s Nachtrie b Wals h Donovan Gree n Doyl e Baue r Nationa l Minin g Hal l o f Fam e & Museu m Lake Count y Histori c Preservatio n Advisory Boar d Burea u o f Reclamatio n

Colorad o Mountai n Colleg e P.O

. Bo x 132 1 c / o Marg e Wagne r Kirklan d & Elli s 3 1 0 Wes t 8t h

91 2 Harriso n Avenu e D-828 0 Denve r Federa l Cente r P.O

. Bo x 2500 7 123 0 Sharo n Par k Drive #5 4 345 5 Sout h Corona 43 7 Timber l ine Campu s 224 Ri o Grand e Ave

. 224 E

. 7t h S t 3805 W

. 26t h Ave., # 2 1 3 93 7 Clarkso n St. , Apt

. 60 1 1999 Broadwa y Leadvill e Leadvill e Leadvill e Denver Minera l Par k Englewoo d Leadvill e Paoni a Leadvill e Denver Denver Denver C

O C O C O C O C A C O C O C O C O C O C O C O 8046 1 8046 1 8046 1

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