Spider Crabs

(Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae)

from the International

Indian Ocean Expedition, 1963-1964

D. J. G. GRIFFIN

mi

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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 18 2

Spider Crabs

(Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae)

from the International

Indian Ocean Expedition, 1963-1964

D. J. G. Griffin

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1974
ABSTRACT

Griffin, D. J. G. Spider Crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae) from the International Indian Ocean Expedition, 1963-1964. Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology, number 182, 35 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables, 1974.—Spider crabs were

collected by the RV Anton Bruun from 52 stations in the Andaman Sea, Bay of

Bengal, Arabian Sea, and western Indian Ocean from Natal to the Gulf of Aden.

Specimens from seven stations worked by the Te Vega in the Andaman Sea,

Indonesia, and western Pacific, and shore collections made at Madagascar and

the islands to the north and at Cocos (Keeling) Island in the eastern Indian

Ocean are also dealt with.

A total of 56 species belonging to 30 genera are reported on. Fifty-two of the

species were collected by the Anton Bruun and the 32 species collected at 28

stations in the western Indian Ocean represent just over one-third of the total

number of majid spider crabs from that area. The collections were taken mainly

on the upper part of the continental shelf, but six species were collected at depths

exceeding 200 meters. Basic references, descriptive notes, and a summary of the

geographic distribution are given for each species.

Achaeus curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards), new combination, and Hyastenus

ovatus (Dana) are shown to be senior synonyms of A. fissifrons (Haswell) and

Hyastenus tenuicornis Pocock, respectively, and Naxia mamillata Ortmann, a

junior synonym of Naxioides robillardi Miers. In addition, Doclea tetraptera

Walker is confirmed as a junior synonym of D. calcitrapa White, Eurynome

longimana Stimpson of E. aspera (Pennant) and Pseudocollodes complectens

Rathbun of Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant). Barnard's "Macropodia formosa

var" is identified as M. intermedia Bouvier. These last three species, previously

known from the east Atlantic and South Africa, are recorded from east Africa

for the first time. Chlorinoides tosaensis Sakai and Majella brevipes Ortmann,

previously known from Japan, and Oncinopus neptunus Adams & White (=

O. aranea auct. in part) and Simocarcinus obtusirostris Miers from the western

Pacific are recorded from the Indian Ocean for the first time. The majority of

the species collected are widely distributed Indo-West Pacific ones.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5136. SERIES COVER

DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Griffin, D. J. G.

Spider crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Maiidae) from the International Indian Ocean Expedition,

1963-1964.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 182)

Supt. of Docs.: SI 1.27: 182.

1. Majidae. 2. International Indian Ocean Expedition, 1962- 3. Crustacea—Indian Ocean.

I. International Indian Ocean Expedition, 1962- II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 182.

QL1.S54 no. 182 [QL444.M33] 591'.08s [595'.3842] 74-6395

For tale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 • Price 85 cents, GPO Bookstore
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Achaeus barnardi Griffin 4

Achaeus curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards), new combination 4

Achaeus erythraeus Balss 4

Achaeus lacertosus Stimpson 6

Achaeus laevioculis Miers 6

Achaeus spinosissimus Griffin 6

Aepinus indicus (Alcock) 6

Camposcia retusa Latreille 7

Chlorinoides aculeatus (H. Milne Edwards) 7

Chlorinoides tosaensis Sakai 7

Collodes malabaricu's Alcock 9

Cyrtomaia suhmi Miers 9

Doclea calcitrapa White 10

Doclea canalifera Stimpson 10

Doclea muricata (Herbst) 11

Doclea ovis (Herbst) 11

Encephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason 11

Entomonyx spinosus Miers 11

Eurynome aspera (Pennant) 11

Eurynome elegans Stebbing 12

Gryphachaeus hyalinus (Alcock and Anderson) 14

Huenia proteus De Haan 14

Hyastenus convexus Miers 14

Hyastenus diacanthus (De Haan) 14

Hyastenus hilgendorfii De Man 15

Hyastenus inermis (Rathbun) . 15

Hyastenus ovatus (Dana) 15

Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne Edwards 16

Hyastenus uncifer Caiman . 16

Inachoides dolichorhynchus Alcock and Anderson 17

Inachus dorsettensis (Pennant) 18

Inachus guentheri (Miers) 18

Macropodia formosa Rathbun 19

Macropodia intermedia Bouvier 19

Majella brevipes Ortmann 20

Menaethiops delagoae Barnard 20

Menaethius monoceros (Latreille) 21

Micippa thalia (Herbst) 21

Naxioides robillardi Miers 21

Oncinopus neptunus Adams and White . 22

Ophthalmias cervicornis (Herbst) 22

Ophthalmias curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards) 22

iii
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Page

Perinia turnida Dana 25

Phalangipus filiformis Rathbun 25

Phalangipus hystrix (Miers) 25

Phalangipus indicus (Leach) 26

Phalangipus longipes (Linnaeus) 26

Phalangipus retusus Rathbun 27

Platymaia alcocki Rathbun 27

Platymaia turbynei Stebbing 27

Pleistacantha moseleyi (Miers) 27

Pleistacantha oryx Ortmann 28

Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards) 28

Simocarcinus obtusirostris (Miers), new combination .. 28

Simocarcinus pyramidatus (Heller) 29

Sphenocarcinus cuneus (Wood-Mason) 29

Discussion 29

Literature Cited 31
Spider Crabs

(Crustacea: Brachyura: Majidae)

from the International

Indian Ocean Expedition, 1963-1964

D. J. G. Griffin

Introduction

During the International Indian Ocean Expedition the RV Anton Bruun undertook nine cruises

in the northern and western Indian Ocean. Five

of these cruises were devoted, at least in part, to

an investigation of the benthic fauna. Cruise 1

traversed the Andaman Sea and northern and

western Bay of Bengal. Cruise 4B zigzagged along

the west coast of India, West Pakistan and

northern Arabian Sea to the Gulf of Oman. Cruises

7, 8, and 9 ranged from South Africa in the

region of Durban through the Mozambique Channel, to the island groups north of Madagascar

and, after traversing the Gulf of Aden, ended at

Hurghada in the Red Sea.

During the five cruises spider crabs were collected at 52 stations, 14 in the Andaman Sea and

Bay of Bengal, 11 in the Arabian Sea, and 27 in

the western Indian Ocean. These areas have been

previously investigated by the British HMS Alert,

the German Valdivia, the Indian RIMSS Investigator and J. Stanley Gardener's Expedition on

HMS Sealark.

Guinot (1966) has listed the Brachyura from

the western Indian Ocean and outlined their zooD. J. G. Griffin, Department of Marine Invertebrates (Crustaceans and Coelenterates), The Australian Museum, P. O.

Box A285, Sydney South, N.S.W. 2000, Australia.

geography. She listed 771 species including 93

majid spider crabs.

The present report deals with almost 800 specimens collected by the Anton Bruun. Some of the

specimens collected by Te Vega at seven stations

in the Andaman Sea, Indonesia, and western

Pacific are also dealt with. Finally, a few specimens

collected at shore stations in the Madagascar region and at Cocos (Keeling) Island in the eastern

Indian Ocean are included. The collection, 850

specimens in all, was distributed by the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center, Washington, D.C.

The systematic account of the species is arranged

alphabetically by genus. The list of references for

each species includes that to the original description and any later one which gives detailed descriptive notes and/or illustrations. The material on

which this report is based is housed mainly in

the collections of the Division of Crustacea, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution (USNM) with some duplicates in the

Australian Museum, Sydney (AM); the catalog

or registration number is given for each lot. Terminology follows that used previously (Griffin

1966b). The given dimensions of the specimens

are the carapace lengths (including the rostrum),

unless otherwise stated. Details of the Anton

Bruun and Te Vega stations are given in Tables 1

and 2, respectively.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—List of Anton Bruun stations from which spider crabs were collected

during the International Indian Ocean Expedition

Cruise Station Locality Lat. Long. Depth (m) Gear* Date

4B

4B

8

4B

17

18A

20

21

22A

22B

38

41

41A

42

46

47

47A

47B

202B

202C

203A

206A

216A

221A

245A

246A

264A

269C

270A

357B

370G

371D

371G

372C

372L

391J

392K

394B

396B

397A

S97C

398B

399B

400C

401C

401F

SE Andaman Sea

••

Andaman Sea

••

N Andaman Sea

••

t*

••

NE Bay of Bengal

••

'•

M

W of Bombay

NE Arabian Sea

Gulf of Oman

E of Durban

E of Louren^o Marques

••

E of Durban

••

E of Louren$o Marques

"

••

Mozambique Channel

O7°4O'N 97'09'E

O7°34'N 98°00'E

09°13'N 97°51'E

09°54'N 97°42'E

10°39'N 97°06'E

14'07'N 97°05'E

15°04'N 95°51'E

15°08'N 94»54'E

21°0O'N 91°59'E

20°27'N 92°20'E

20°16'N 92°32'E

19°50'N 92°55'E

17°41'N 7I°33'E

-17°45' -71°32'

18°27'N 71°13'E

-18°28' -718O9'

19°07'N 7l°41'E

-19°08' -71'42'

20°23'N 70°00'E

-2O»2O' -69°55'

21O49'N 68°55'E

-21852' -68°55'

22°32'N 68°07'E

-22°31' -68°05'

24«55'N 61° WE

-24°52' -61° 13'

25°OOTV WSVE

-24°57' -60-59'

25°02'N 56°52'E

-25°08' -56°52'

23O35'N 58»49'E

22°05'N 59°47'E

-22-08' -59-48'

29°11'S 32°02'E

24°40'S 35-28'E

24°46'S 35-20'E

24-49'S S5°W¥.

24"46'S 34°5O'E

25o07'S 34-34'E

29°21'S 31-35'E

29° 19^ 31O26'E

29°27'S 31 °$\rE

25°32'S 33-24'E

25°12'S 34'04'E

26-07'S 34°11'E

22O25'S 35O54'E

22°30'S 36°07'E

20-30'S 35O43'E

19°51'S Se^lT

20o30'S 35-49T

512-503

77

60-58

70

275

290

69-73

44-46

29-33

35

23-25

19-20

13-15

30-22

90

84-97

69-68

71-79

52-50

57

170-192

298-311

291-272

124-121

55

69

347

165

73

22

112

57

38

68-70

450-455

230-295

600-665

740

850-960

62

62

32

GMT

DR

GMT

••

DR

GMT

"

"

"

"

"

••

"

"

'•

••

"

GMT

DR

GMT

DR

AT

DR

"

AT

••

•'

GMT

••

••

"

21.111.1963

21-22.III.196S

23.III.1%3

24.111.1963

30.111.1963

31.HI.1963

••

1.IV.1963

5.IV.1963

"

••

14.XI.1963

H

15.XI.1%3

17.XI.1963

18.XI.1963

28.XI.1963

M

2.XH.1963

3.XII.1963

4.XII.1%3

30.VII.1964

18.VIII.1964

19.VIII.1964

••

9.IX.1964

10.IX.1964

25.IX.1964

28.IX.1964

29.IX.1964

"

1.X.1964

"

3.X.1964

4.X.1964

••
NUMBER 182

TABLE 1.—Continued

Cruise

••

"

9

••

••

"

Station

4O3A

408D

420A

421G

421H

442

444

445

447

453

463

Locality

'•

••

£ of Mombasa

Off Cape Guardafui

Mouth of Gulf of Aden

Lat.

19°09'S

16°42'S

02°42'S

02°56'S

02°50'S

09°35'N

09°36'N

(WMl'N

lO'CWN

11°11'N

11°24'N

Long.

43°19'E

40°53'E

40°28'E

4O°31'E

50°59'E

51°01'E

51°03'E

b\"\5rE

srwE

51°35'E

Depth (m)

27-30

150-300

140

240

290

70-80

78-82

60-70

59-61

47-49

75-175

Gear*

"

DR

GMT

99

••

••

••

"

"

Date

9.X.1964

15.X.1964

6.XI.1964

8.XI.1964

M

16.Xn.1964

-

•'

17.XII.1964

9*

•Abbreviations: AT= Agassiz Trawl; DR = Rock Dredge; GMT = Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Trawl.

TABLE 2.—List of Te Vega stations referred to in this report

Station Locality Lat. Long. Depth (m) Gear Date

16

54

60

73

80

97LH

305

Penguin Bank oft Molokai,

Hawaiian Is.

Teluk Kau, Halmahera,

Moluccas

South China Sea, ca. 60

miles off coast of

Sarawak, Borneo

Strait of Malakka

SE Andaman Sea, NE of

Similan Is, Thailand

Pulo Penju, NE of

Simalur, Indonesia

Pacific Ocean, near Fiji

21 °02'N

01"08.6'N

4°44'N

4°07'N

8°46'N

02o51'N

18°40.5'S

157°41'W

113°23'E

\00c00rE.

97°46'E

95°56'E

17SO59J'W

- -

46-^5 BT«

100

72-74

90-84

intertidal

-

3.VIII.1963

25.XI.1963

6.X.1963

30.X.1963

4.XI.1963

22.XI.1963

25.XI.1963

• BT = 6' beam trawl.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—This study was carried out

mainly in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

Smithsonian Institution, during 1970 while I held

a Visiting Postdoctoral Research Associateship administered by the Institution's Office of Academic

Programs. It is a pleasure for me to thank the

staff of the department for their hospitality and

to especially thank Drs. Raymond B. Manning,

Fenner A. Chace, Jr., David L. Pawson, and Meredith Jones and Mr. Henry B. Roberts for their

help and advice. I am grateful also to Drs. John

S. Garth (Allan Hancock Foundation, University

of Southern California, Los Angeles) and Lipke

B. Holthuis (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke

Historic Leiden) for helpful discussion.

Travel to Europe and India was made possible

by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's

Office of International Activities Foreign Currency

Program and additional financial assistance was

provided by the New South Wales Public Service

Board and the Trustees of The Australian Museum.

Completion of this study would not have been

possible without the help of curators at museums

in Europe and India, who allowed me to examine

their collections. I especially want to thank Drs.

A. L. Rice and R. W. Ingle (London), Mme.

Daniele Guinot (Paris), Dr. G. Hartwich (Berlin),

and Drs. K. K. Tiwari and A. G. K. Menon for

their hospitality and help during my visit to the

Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.

Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to

the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution's

Oceanographic Sorting Center for allowing me to

examine this collection.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Achaeus barnardi Griffin

Achaeus barnardi Griffin, 1968:81-86, figs. 3, Ac-g.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 10.1 mm, 1 9 (ovig.),

11.1 mm (USNM 135100-01).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel.

Sta. 400C, 62 m, 1 spec. Mouth of Gulf of Aden,

Sta. 463, 75-175 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These two specimens agree with the

type-material in all main features. However, there

are no spinules on the supraorbital eave, some

minute spinules are present behind the eave, there

are the two or three spinules on the branchial

margin and three or four strong spinules along

the center of the basal antennal article (only tubercles in the type-series), the cheliped is slightly

more spinulous and, in the male, the fingers of

the chelae gape more widely, and the two teeth

filling the gape proximally are much stronger. The

posterior margins of the antennular fossae bear a

spinule (not noted in the type-series); there are

minute denticles along the proximal part of the

fourth ambulatory dactyl of the famale.

DISTRIBUTION.—East Africa off Cape Morgan,

Mozambique Channel, and mouth of Gulf of

Aden.

Achaetu curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards),

new combination

Stenorhynchus curvirostris A. Milne Edwards, 1875:253

Haswcll, 1882:2.

Stenorhynchus fissifrons Haswell, 1879:409.

Achaeus tenuicollis Miers, 1886:9, pi. 1: figs. $a-c.

Achaeus elongatus Sakai, 1938:223, fig. 13.

Achaeus fissifrons.—Griffin and Yaldwyn, 1965:38-43, figs.

1-8.—Griffin, 1970:101-102, fig. 136/:.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 3.9 mm (USNM

135102).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Lourencp Marques,

Sta. 37 ID, 165 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—The original description of this

species was extremely short and hardly allowed

positive identification. Through the kindness of

Dr. G. Hartman, Zoologisches Institut, University

of Hamburg, I have been able to examine what

is surely the holotype of Milne Edwards's species.

The specimen is a male, cl. 7.3 mm, labeled

"Stenorhynchus brevirostris, Bass Strafse"; it bears

Museum Godeffroy number 3405 and is currently

registered as K30. (A. Milne Edwards stated that

his specimen had the Museum Godeffroy number

3710; it is possible that the numbers were altered

when the Hamburg Museum took over the Godeffroy collections.) Only one ambulatory leg is attached to the body and there are two loose legs

in the same container—no chelae or other ambulatories are present. The specimen agrees with Milne

Edwards's description and also with what is known

of Achaeus fissifrons in all important features;

it possesses one supraorbital spine, one postorbital

spinule, and one cardiac spine. The first pleopod

is exactly as has been described for A. fissifrons.

The single specimen from Anton Bruun Sta.

37ID differs from what must now be known as A.

curvirostris only in lacking a tubercle on the anterior surface of the eyestalk. There are no traces

of ridges behind the rostral spines and the specimen is clearly not identifiable as A. cadelli Alcock.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from eastern

Africa and the Iranian Gulf to Japan, western

and eastern Australia, and New Zealand.

Achaeus erythraeus Balss

FIGURES la-d

Achaeus erythraeus Balss, 1929:5-6.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 8.7 mm (USNM

135103).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Off Cape Guardafui, Sta.

445, 60-70 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This single specimen agrees in a

large number of important features with Balss's

species. Thus, the rostral spines are long, slender,

and divergent from the base, the supraorbital eave

bears a single long spine, the eyestalk bears a small

tubercle on the anterior surface near the cornea,

there are three slightly shorter spines on the lateral margin of the basal antennal article, the mesogastric spine is slender and acuminate, the cardiac

spine is stout and blunt, there are three short

spines on the branchial margin and a similar number above, and the first pleopod is apically

rounded. The only differences from the typematerial that I have seen (3 $ , 7.2-10.1 mm, Zoologisches Sammlung, Munich and Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Polo. Stas. 91, 127 and 130)

are that the palm of each chela is more inflated
NUMBER 182

h

FIGURE 1.—Achaeus erythraeus Balss, male (USNM 135103), carapace length 8.7 mm, from off

Cape Guardafui, Anton Bruun Sta. 445: a, carapace, dorsal aspect; b, front, ventral aspect;

c, left pleopod 1, tip, sternal aspect; d, same, whole pleopod, abdominal aspect. Gryphachaeus

hyalinus (Alcock and Anderson), male (AM P.17784), carapace length 13.2 mm, from £ of

Mombasa, Anton Bruun Sta. 420 A: e, left pleopod 1, abdominal aspect; /, same, tip. Encephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason, male (AM P.17781), carapace length 24.8 mm, from Gulf of

Oman, Anton Bruun Sta. 245A: g, left pleopod 1, tip, sternal aspect; h, same, whole pleopod,

abdominal aspect.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and the dorsal and ventral spines are shorter,

the terminal segment of the abdomen bears tubercles instead of spines, and there is only one

short spine behind the orbit. A. erythraeus differs

most notably from A. spinosissimus Griffin in the

form of the rostrum, in having fewer spines on

the basal antennal article, and in the armature of

the fingers of the chela.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea and off Cape Guardafui.

Achaeus lacertosus Stimpson

Achaeus lacertosus Stimpson, 1858:218 Griffin, 1970:105-108,

figs. \b, 5, lAaji.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 4.6 mm (USNM

135105).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Louren^o Marques,

Sta. 371G, 73 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This small specimen possesses all the

characteristic features of this species, including the

smooth carapace and unarmed eyestalk. It differs

from previously described material only in having

low spinules in a row on the ischium and merus

of the third maxilliped and on the surface of the

basal antennal article.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from South

Africa to Japan and northern Australia.

Achaeus laevioculis Miers

Achaeus laevioculis Miers, 1884:520, pi. 46: figs. A, a.

Achaeus cf. laevioculis.—Barnard, 1950:20-21, fig. 3c.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 4.5 mm (USNM

135104).

Anton Bruun Cruises: W of Bombay, Sta. 202C,

84-97 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This small specimen is similar to A.

lacertosus and to A. varians Takeda and Miyake

in general shape of the carapace and shortness of

the rostrum. However, the eyestalk has a small

lobe on the anterior surface, the ischium and

merus of the third maxilliped bear spinules in a

row, the basal antennal article bears spinules laterally, and there is a low tubercle on the mesogastric region, another on the cardiac, and several

on the anterolateral margins; in addition, there

is a broad band of minute spinules close to the

posterolateral margins of the carapace. There are

fewer differences from A. laevioculis than from

any other Achaeus species and this specimen is

therefore referred to that species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean: Seychelles; South Africa off Port Shepstone, Natal.

Achaeus spinosissimus Griffin

Achaeus spinosissimus Griffin, 1968:76-81, figs. 1, 2, 4a, 5.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 10.5 mm (USNM

135187).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 400C, 62 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—The present specimen lacks all ambulatory legs and only the right cheliped is present. I am not able to confidently assign it to any

known species. Of all the known species of

Achaeus, Macropodia, and Achaeopsis, the present

specimen most closely resembles A. spinosissimus.

It differs from that species, known only from one

adult male, as follows: there is a supraorbital tubercle instead of a spine, there is only a single

postorbital spinule, the basal antennal article

reaches to the tip of the short rostrum and bears

three (not four) spines, the hepatic margin is

outstanding and subacute and bears only two or

three tubercles, the branchial region lacks marginal spines, there are only two subdorsal branchial tubercles, there are many tubercles on the

dorsal surface posteriorly, and the third maxilliped

ischium and merus each bear only two spines. It

agrees with A. spinosissimus in having extremely

short rostral spines, large antennular fossae, a

spinule on the anterior surface of the eyestalk,

and in the arrangement of the main tubercles on

the gastric and cardiac regions.

DISTRIBUTION.—Achaeus spinosissimus was originally described from East London, South Africa.

Aepinus indicus (Alcock)

Apocretrmus indicus Alcock, 1895:188-189, pi. 4: figs. 2, 2a.

Aepinus indicus.—Griffin, 1972:53-54, fig. 3.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 5 5,79 9 (3 ovig.),

4.7-15.7 mm, smaller ovig. $, 7.4 mm (8, USNM

135106, 135108-11; 5, AM P.17777).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Lourenc,o Marques,

Sta. 37ID, 165 m, 1 spec. Mozambique Channel,
NUMBER 182

Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 5 specs. Off Cape Guardafui, Sta. 444, 78-82 m, 2 specs.; Sta. 445, 60-70,

1 spec; Sta. 453, 47-49 m, 1 spec. Mouth of Gulf

of Aden, Sta. 463, 75-175 m, 3 specs.

REMARKS.—These specimens show no important

differences from previously recorded material,

particularly that recently reported from eastern

and western Australia and the Philippines (Griffin,

1972). The rostral spines are sometimes straight

and sometimes outwardly curved. A mesogastric

spine is found in the Anton Bruun material and

in Australian and Philippine specimens. This is

not mentioned by Alcock but is figured by him.

Aepinus indicus differs in some important features from A. septemspinosus (A. Milne Edwards,

1879). The specimens recorded by Rathbun

(1925:92-94) have been reexamined and these

differences are as follows. In A. septemspinosus

the rostrum is extremely short and rounded, the

basal antennal article is truncate (not produced

anterolaterally), there is no trace of any suborbital

lobe or tubercle, the abdomen of the male is sixsegmented and the first pleopod of the male is

hardly expanded apically.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea; Indian Ocean: eastern

Africa from Lourenc,o Marques to Gulf of Aden,

Amirantes, Seychelles, Ceylon, Andaman Islands;

northern Australia; Philippine Islands.

Camposcia retusa Latreille

Camposcia retusa Latreille, 1829:60 Sakai, 1965:69, pi. 30:

fig. 1.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ (ov»g). 30.9 mm

(USNM 135112).

Madagascar: Nosi Tanga, Nosi Be, intertidal,

J. R. Rudloe, 17 January 1964, 1 spec.

DISTRIBUTION.—Throughout Indo-West Pacific

from South Africa to Australia and Japan.

Chlorinoides aculeatus (H. Milne Edwards)

Chorinus aculeatus H. Milne Edwards, 1834:316.

Acanthophrys aculeatus Sakai, 1938:310-311, fig. 43.

Paramithrax (Chorinoides) aculeatus.—Chhapgar, 1957:412—

413, pi. 4: figs. a-e.

Chlorinoides aculeatus.—Griffin, 1966d:4, 11, 13.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 damaged $, postrostral length 21.7 mm (USNM 135113).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Bay of Bengal, Sta.

47B, 30-22 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Although this specimen is badly

damaged, the rostrum being broken and the cardiac spines completely broken, it is assigned to

this species because it possesses a single short preorbital spine, there are two intestinal spines, the

anterior margin of the sternum is tuberculate, and

the ambulatory propodi are trigonal with granules

along the ridges. These are all features typical of

C. aculeatus and not of C. longispinus. Like C.

longispinus there are knobs on the carapace spines.

The ambulatory meri possess only a single terminal spine instead of the two typical of the species.

The male first pleopod possesses a subterminal

flap, not a spine as stated by Chhapgar (1957).

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal

to Japan and northern Australia.

Chlorinoides tosaensis Sakai

FIGURES 2, 3/

Chlorinoides tosaensis Sakai, 1969:254-255, figs. Ac, 5a, pi. 1:

fig. 3.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 5,6 $ (1 ovig.), 19.5-

27.0 mm, ovig. $ 23.7 mm (USNM 135114-18).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 401C, 62 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui. Sta.

442, 70-80 m, 1 spec; Sta. 444, 78-82 m, 2 specs.;

Sta. 447, 59-61 m, 1 spec; Sta. 453, 47-49 m, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—These seven specimens differ from

the type-series (holotype $ USNM 125882) in

two features. First, the hepatic margin bears a

short, flattened lobe, which may be either bifid

or single, whereas in the type-series there is a single spine. Second, there are two intestinal spines

instead of one (as described, the holotype has a

damaged intestinal region). It is extremely doubtful if this series could be considered even subspecihcally distinct from the Japanese specimens.

While the nature of the hepatic lobe and the number of intestinal spines might normally be considered important distinctions, it is clear from examination of the very similar C. longispinus (De

Haan) that there is considerable variation in both

these features (compare Sakai's [1965, pi. 40: fig. 1]

and Serene's [1969, pi. 3A] illustrations of C. longispinus). In view of the very close similarity, in a

wide range of features including details of the maie
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 2.—Chlorinoides tosaensis Sakai, female (USNM 135118), carapace length 27.0 mm, from

off Cape Guardafui, Anton Bruun, Sta. 453: carapace, dorsal aspect.
NUMBER 182

first pleopod, of these Anton Bruun specimens and

the type-series, the considerable variation in spinulation of various lobes and spines, and the very

few specimens as yet available, the present material

is assigned to Sakai's species. It is possible that

these specimens are conspecific with one of the

three "varieties" of C. longispinus reported from

the Indian Ocean (see Griffin 1966d for list and

discussion); however, none of these have been described as possessing the long preorbital spines

typical of C. tosaensis.

Sakai has already mentioned that this species is

very similar to C. acanthonotus (Adams and

White) from Borneo. Examination of the holotype

of the latter in the British Museum (Natural History), London (9 , 27.1 mm, reg. no. 47.21), confirms this view. The main difference is that C.

acanthonotus possesses an accessory spine on the

preorbital spine so as to give the latter a bifid appearance. Availability of further material may indeed show the two to be one species.

Chlorinoid.es tosaensis and C. acanthonotus plus

C. longispinus and C. aculeatus form a very tightly

knit group of species within the genus Chlorinoides, the main difference between the two pairs of

species being the elongation of the preorbital lobe

in C. tosaensis and C. acanthonotus.

DISTRIBUTION.—East Africa, Japan.

Collodes malabaricus Alcock

Collodes malabaricus Alcock, 1895:189-190, pi. 5: fig. 3

Stephensen, 1945:97.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 9, 4.6 mm ( USNM

135120).

Anton Bruun Cruises: W of Bombay, Sta. 202C,

84-97 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This extremely small specimen differs

from Alcock's (1895) description and figure only

in that the carapace is slightly more tuberculate,

the rostrum is composed of two lobes separated by

a very narrow fissure, the branchial spines are

slightly shorter, and the anterior and posterior

angles of the supraorbital eave are more outstanding.

DISTRIBUTION.—Iranian Gulf and Arabian Sea

off the coast of India.

Cyrtomaia suhmi Miers

Cyrtomaia suhmi Miers, 1886:16-17, pi. 3: fig. 2.—Ihle and

Ihle-Landenberg, 1931:157.

Cyrtomaia suhmi typica Doflein, 1904:54-55, pi. 19: figs. 1, 2.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 3 9 9 (damaged),

<$ 80.9 mm (USNM 135119).

Anton Bruun Cruises: SE Andaman Sea, Sta. 17,

512-502 m, 4 specs.

REMARKS.—These specimens differ from the typematerial in the British Museum (Natural History),

London (cat. no. 84.31), only in that each basal

antennal article possesses three small lateral spines

(only one in the holotype), and there is only one

obvious spine toward the posterolateral part of the

branchial region (two in the holotype); the long

protogastric spines are forwardly directed and subparallel, whereas Miers's illustration shows them

as divergent.

Doflein (1904) described two subspecies; thus

the existence, in nomenclature, of the nominate

subspecies Cyrtomaia suhmi suhmi was automatically established. Doflein gave the subspecific name

typica to the form from the Celebes-Moluccas area

originally described by Miers, the form dealt with

by Alcock (1895) from the Laccadive Sea off the

Travancore coast, and the Valdivia material from

the Nicobars and west of Sumatra. Therefore,

although C. suhmi typica has independent nomenclatural status the two names are objective synonyms, C. suhmi suhmi having precedence according to the International Code of Zoological

Nomenclature (Article 47a). Doflein's material of

this subspecies (in the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt University, Berlin) differs in no significant

way from Miers's. Most particularly, the carapace

is generally smooth and bears few tubercles. But

the protogastric spines are subparallel and not divergent as in Miers's figure. The second subspecies

described by Doflein, C. suhmi platyceros, was

considered a synonym of C. goodridgei McArdle

by Ihle and Ihle-Landenberg; it is generally more

tuberculate dorsally than C. suhmi suhmi, the lateral margin of the eave is tuberculate and bears a

small spine, the ridge from the base of each protogastric spine to the orbit is tuberculate, the mesogastric region in front of the medial spine is granular, the intestinal region bears only one small

tubercle, the lateral branchial margin bears closeset tubercles and several spines, the posterolateral
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

branchial spine is small, the branchial region is

generally granular, and the lateral spines of the

basal antennal article are long and slender, not

short and stout. (The syntypes from Stas. 258 and

264 are in the Berlin Museum.) A third subspecies,

C. suhmi curviceros, from Japan was described

by Bouvier (1915). It is generally similar to C.

suhmi suhmi but differs in having most of the

spines smaller and the rostral spines outwardly

curved. Material of this subspecies collected by

Parisi at Enoshima, Japan (23, 1 9 (ovig)» 47.9-

90.0 mm) is in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milan (cat. no. 1576-8).

Cyrtomaia suhmi is most similar to C. maccullochi Rathbun from southern Australia but differs

as follows: the spines are generally longer, especially on the branchial region, the spines on the

first two ambulatory legs are longer, the chela of

the male is much more slender, the eyestalk is

slightly longer, and the first pleopod of the male

is less expanded apically.

DISTRIBUTION.—The subspecies C. suhmi suhmi

has been recorded from off the southwest coast of

India, the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean

west of Sumatra, and the Philippines.

Doclea calcitrapa White

Doclea calcitrapa White, 1847a:61; 1847b:56_Adams and

White, 1848:7, pi. 1: figs. 2, 2a-c.

Doclea tetraptera Walker, 1887:114-115.—Alcock, 1895:231-

233.—Chopra, 1935:471, fig. Id.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—5 $ $, 3 9 9, 31.1-40.5

mm (6, USNM 135121; 2, AM P.17778).

Anton Bruun Cruises: N Andaman Sea, Sta.

41 A, 29-33 m, 8 specs.

REMARKS.—Although Alcock (1895), and Chopra

(1935) have remarked that D. calcitrapa and D.

tetraptera are very similar, no thorough comparisons have been made. The type-material of both

species is in the British Museum (Natural History),

London (Doclea calcitrapa White, 1 $ , holotype,

cl. 47.8 mm, Zebu [= Cebu], Philippine Is, Cumming coll., cat. no. 43.6; Doclea tetraptera Walker,

1 <J, 1 $, 26.0, 34.4 mm, Pcotypes, Singapore, coll.

Sgt. Major Archer, 1908: 12:8.30-31). I consider

this material and that taken by the Anton Bruun

to be conspecific. The first pleopod of the male is

almost identical in all.

This species is characterized by the long, apically

bifid rostrum, very long marginal branchial and

intestinal spines, and the fringes of hairs along the

ridges of the ambulatories. The first pleopod of

the male has been figured by Chopra.

DISTRIBUTION.—Andaman Sea, Singapore, Gulf of

Thailand, Philippine Islands.

Doclea canalifera Stimpson

Doclea canalifera Stimpson, 1858:216; 1907:7-8, pi. 1: fig. 4.—

Alcock, 1895:228.—Chapra, 1935:469-470, fig. \b—Sakai

1938:292-293, pi. 37: fig. 3.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—14 <$ $, 17 9 9, 13.9-

38.0 mm (28, USNM 135122-26, 135251; 3, AM

P. 17779).

Anton Bruun Cruises: N Andaman Sea, Sta. 41,

44-46 m, 1 spec; Sta. 41A, 29-33 m, 20 specs.; Sta.

42, 35 m, 1 spec. NE Bay of Bengal, Sta. 46, 23-25

m, 4 specs.; Sta. 47, 19-20 m, 4 specs.; Sta. 47A,

13-15 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—The present material agrees well

with the description and figures given by Stimpson

(1907) and the males possess a first pleopod agreeing with the figure given by Chopra (1935). The

third branchial spine and the intestinal spine decrease markedly in length with growth; Doclea

japonica Ortmann from Kochi, Japan, has been

considered as a synonym of D. canalifera by Chopra and of D. ovis by Sakai. A series of 10 specimens in the Smithsonian Institution (6 £ £ , 4 9 9

[2 ovig.], 43.7-64.0 mm, Foochow, China, C. R.

Kellog, 1924 [reg. no. 58743]; Yenting, China,

1923 [49168]; Amoy, S.F. Light, 1924 [62027-29];

Wakanowra, Japan, Jordan and Snyder, 1900

[26271]) from China and Japan identified by

Rathbun as D. canalifera are probably D. japonica.

They differ from the Anton Brunn series of D.

canalifera in having much shorter marginal branchial and intestinal spines, shorter ambulatory

legs, the males having a small spine on the second

sternite close to the abdominal fossa, and the first

pleopod being distally bifid. Doclea japonica is

thus almost certainly a distinct species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northern Indo-West Pacific from

the Bay of Bengal through Singapore to Japan.
NUMBER 182 11

Doclea muricata (Herbst)

Cancer muricata Herbst, 1790:211-212, pi. 14: fig. 84.

Doclea muricata—Alcock, 1895:230-231.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 37.0 mm (USNM

135127).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Bay of Bengal, Sta.

46, 23-25 m, 1 spec.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bay of Bengal.

Doclea ovis (Herbst)

Cancer ovis Herbst, 1790:210-211, pi. 13: fig. 82.

Doclea ovis.—Alcock, 1895:227.—Chopra, 1935:467-469, fig.

1A Sakai, 1938:293-294, pi. 37: fig. 2.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—11 3 3 , 16 9 9., 42.0-48.5

mm (23, USNM 135128; 4, AM P.17780).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Bay of Bengal, Sta.

46, 23-25 m, 27 specs.

REMARKS.—These specimens agree with previous

descriptions of this species and the male first pleopod is the same as figured by Chopra. The species

is characterized by the globular form of the carapace, which is covered by an extremely dense tomentum concealing all dorsal tubercles and spines.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northern Indo-West Pacific from

Bay of Bengal through Singapore to Japan.

Encephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason

Eucephaloides armstrongi Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason and

Alcock, 1891:259.—Alcock, 1895:187-188 Alcock and Anderson, 1896:pl. 19: figs. 2, 2a.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—47 $ $ , 44 9 ? (1 ovig.),

9.0-31.7 mm, ovig. 9 24.9 mm (88, USNM 135130;

3, AM P.17781).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Gulf of Oman, Sta. 245A,

170-192 m, 3 specs.; Sta. 246A, 298-311 m, 88 specs.

REMARKS.—The branchial regions in this species

are inflated and arched up to meet each other

above the cardiac and anterior part of the intestinal regions. It is thus one of the most distinctive

Indo-Pacific majids. In very small specimens

(about 10 mm cl.) the branchial regions meet anteriorly only, and a small medial spine is visible

behind on the cardiac and intestinal regions.

There are several small spines on the other parts

of the dorsal surface of the carapace also and the

preorbital, intercalated, and postorbital spines are

well developed. In larger specimens (about 20 mm

cl.) the cardiac spine is still visible, although small,

and the spines of the carapace are smaller. In the

largest specimens (more than 30 mm cl.) the cardiac region is completely covered, the carapace

bears tubercles only, and the intercalated spine is

reduced to a short, broadly triangular, flattened

lobe.

The only other Indo-Pacific majid with the branchial regions so closely approximated is Rochinia

beauchampi (Alcock and Anderson) (see Alcock

and Anderson, 1896, pi. 20: fig. 2 as Scyramathia

beauchampi).

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Oman, Bay of Bengal.

Entomonyx spinosus Miers

Entomonyx spinosus Miers, 1884:526, pi. 47: figs, B, b, b1.—

Griffin, 1966d:10.—Takeda and Miyake, 1969:515-516, figs.

12d-/.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 2 9 9, 15.4-18.2

mm (USNM 135131-32).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 400C, 62 m, 2 specs.; Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 1

spec.

REMARKS.—Reasons for retaining this species in

Entomonyx were given by Griffin (1966d). In addition to differences from species of Chlorinoides

in the orbital structure, there are important differences in the ornamentation of the carapace and

chelipeds. However, the male first pleopod, figured

by Takeda and Miyake (1969), is very similar to

that of species of Chlorinoides.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from Providence Island and the Seychelles to Japan and

northwestern Australia.

Eurynome aspera (Pennant)

Cancer asper Pennant, 1777:8, pi. 11A: fig. 20.

Eurynome longimana Stimpson, 1858:220; 1907:27, pi. 4: fig. 2.

Eurynome aspera.—Monod, 1956:480-482, figs. 646-648.—

Hartnoll, 1961:173-177, figs. 1, 2, 3a, 4a, 6, 5a, 7 Forest

and Guinot, 1966:95 Crosnier, 1970:1217-1218, pi. 1: figs.

1-4.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—4 s «$ , 1 9 , 7.5-12.4 mm

(4, USNM 135133, 135135; 1, AM P.17782).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Durban, Sta. 357B,
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

69 m, 1 spec; Sta. 391J, 57 m, 1 spec; Sta. 392K,

38 m, 3 spcs.

REMARKS.—The Anton Bruun specimens agree

very closely with the figures given by Barnard

(1950). Together these appear at first to differ

from eastern Atlantic specimens (see Monod, 1956;

Hartnoll, 1961) in three main characters: (1) the

tubercles of the carapace (particularly on the gastric, cardiac, and intestinal regions) are distinct

rather than fused; (2) the elevation on the dorsum

of each branchial region anteriorly is spinous

rather than flattened or scutellate; and (3) the

medial border of the male first pleopod is setose

distally only, rather than weakly setose or naked

distally and strongly setose proximally.

Comparison of the Anton Bruun specimens with

a large series from the northeastern Atlantic off

northwestern Spain and the Mediterranean Sea

that are in the Smithsonian Institution (14 <$ £ ,

12 5 9 [3 ovig.], 8.9-17.3 mm, smallest ovig. $

11.8 mm: near mouth of Ria de Arosa, Spain, 10-70

m, dredge, 18 July-11 August, 1964 [23 specs.,

USNM 121877-121886]; Cape Licie, Mediterranean

Sea, 44 fms, 6 July 1881, "Travailleur", exch. Paris

Museum [3 specs., USNM 22966]), shows quite

clearly that these two species are conspecific, contrary to the view of Capart (1951) and Monod

(1956), who considered that Barnard's specimens

from South Africa were referable to a distinct

species, E. longimana Stimpson. Most important,

in the Anton Bruun specimens the pleopod is

exactly as figured by Monod (fig. 647) for a male

taken off Senegal and does not agree with Barnard's illustration, which shows the lateral subterminal projection as blunt and setose distally

only. Second, just less than half the series from

northwestern Spain have the tubercles of the

mesogastric, cardiac, and intestinal regions distinct,

although adjacent. The position of the major tubercles here, and on the rest of the dorsal surface

of the carapace, on the ventral surface, and on the

sternum, is exactly as described and figured by

Hartnoll. The South African specimens in fart

differ no more from the typical E. aspern than do

the spinous, multituberculate specimens from

northwestern Spain. Hartnoll showed that a distinct species, E. spino.sa Hailstone, occurred in

British waters and that this, while closely similar

to E. nspera, differed in having the tubercles generally more separate. But there are also distinct

differences in the position of some of the tubercles,

in the shape of the apex of the male pleopods,

and in the relative growth of the male chelae.

There are no such differences between the North

Atlantic and South African specimens considered

here. A male syntype of E. longimana, c.l. 9.3 mm,

from "Cape Town, South Africa, North Pacific

Exploring Expedition" is in the collections of the

Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge

(Mass.), U.S.A. The specimen is in spirit and bears

the registration number R50. The plates on the

carapace are distinct and the first pleopod is as

figured by Monod. I therefore consider E. longimana Stimpson as a synonym of E. aspera.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Atlantic from the coast

of Norway to Angola, western Indian Ocean from

False Bay, South Africa, to Durban.

Eurynome elegans Stebbing

FIGURES $c-e

Eurynome elegans Stebbing, 1921:454-455, pi. 13.—Barnard,

1950:57-58, figs. 12d, e.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—4 $ <$ , 3 9 9, 10.0-14.6

mm (5, USNM 135136-37; 2, AM P. 17783).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Gulf of Oman, Sta. 269C,

124-121 m, 6 specs.; Sta. 270A, 55 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These specimens are clearly referable

to this species in having a densely tuberculate carapace and carinate ambulatory meri. They are, however, much larger than the type-specimens and the

series includes the first known males of the species.

Eurynome elegans agrees with E. aspera and the

other species of the genus which have boletate

tubercles more or less fused into larger plates, in

general form of the carapace, orbit, rostrum, basal

antennal article, and third maxillipeds. The abdomen of the male is also similar in shape and

possesses seven segments and the chelipeds are extremely long, slender, and parthenopid-like as is

typical of the genus. However, as in the southern

Australian E. granulosa Baker, the tubercles of the

carapace are not flat-topped. Moreover, the first

pleopod is more or less truncate apically and

quite unlike that of E. aspera, E. spinosa, E. orientalis Sakai, and E. bituberculata Griffin.

The present specimens represent a considerable

extension of geographic range for the species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean, known

only from off Zululand and from the Gulf of Oman.
NUMBER 182 IS

FIGURE 3 Hyastenus ovattts (Dana), male (AM P.17786), carapace length 25.0 mm, from west of

Bombay, Anton Bruun Sta. 2O3A: a, left pleopod 1, abdominal aspect; b, same, tip; g, orbit,

left side, ventral aspect. Eurynome elegans Stebbing, male (AM P.17783), carapace length 10.4

mm, from mouth of Gulf of Oman, Anton Bruun Sta. 269C: c, abdomen; d, left pleopod 1, tip,

abdominal aspect; e, same, whole pleopod, abdominal aspect. Chlorhwides tosaensis Sakai,

female (USNM 135118), carapace length 27.0 mm, from off Cape Cuardafui, Anton Bruun Sta.

453: /, orbit, left side, ventral aspect.
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Gryphachaeus hyalinus (Alcock and Anderson)

FIGURES le,f

Achaeus hyalinus Alcock and Anderson, 1894:205.

Gryphachaeus hyalinus^-AlcocK 1895:177-178, pi. 3: figs. 4,

4a.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—2 $ ,5 , 6 9 9 (5 ovig.),

10.0-16.8 mm, smallest ovig. 9 12.2 mm (6, USNM

135139-41, 135252; 2, AM P.17784-85).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Mombasa, Sta. 420A,

140 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui, Sta. 444, 78-82

m, 3 specs.; Sta. 445, 60-70 m, 1 spec; Sta. 447,

59-61 m, 2 specs. Mouth of Gulf of Aden, Sta. 463,

75-175 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These extremely spiny and very hairy

specimens, with their free basal antennal articles,

long interantennular spine, and subchelate fourth

ambulatory legs, clearly belong to this very distinctive species of which the present series comprises

the first known males. The abdomen of the male

is six-segmented, the last two segments being fused

but the abdomen of the female is five-segmented,

the last three being fused.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean: off east

Africa from north of Mombasa to mouth of Gulf

of Aden; off Ceylon.

Huenia proteus De Haan

Maja (Huenia) proteus De Haan, 1839:95-96, pi. 23: figs. 4, 5.

Huenia proteus.—Sakai, 1965:75, pi. 34: figs. 1, 2.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—2 $ $, 11.1, 15.5 mm

(USNM 135170).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Andromache Reef, just S

of entrance to Port Kilindini of Mombasa Harbor,

Kenya, 4°05'12"S, 39°40'45"E, 0-3.5 m, sand, coral

rock, eel grass, H. A. Fehlman and party, 16 November 1964, Sta. HA 2, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—The very considerable variation in

this species, only part of which is due to sexual

dimorphism, has been dealt with by numerous previous authors. The ambulatory propodi in these

two specimens are less expanded than appears to

be usual in Japanese specimens.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread Indo-West Pacific

from South and east Africa to Japan, Australia,

and the Pacific to Hawaii.

Hyastenus convexus Miers

Hyastenus (Chorilia) convexus Miers, 1884:196, pi. 18: figs.

B, b.

Hyastenus convexus.—De Man, 1902:664-666, pi. 22: fig.

32—Balss, 1935:124 Griffin, 1966a:282.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 5 9 9, 7.8-22.3 mm

(USNM 135142-43, 135165-67).

Anton Bruun Cruises: SE Andaman Sea, Sta.

18A, 77 m, 1 spec. NE Bay of Bengal, Sta. 47B, 30-

22 m, 1 spec. E of Durban, Sta. 391J, 57 m, 1 spec;

Sta. 394B, 68-70 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui,

Sta. 442, 70-80 m, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—The large male and female from Stas.

391J and 394B agree completely in all details with

the holotype of Miers's species in the British Museum (Natural History), London ( <$ , 17.8 mm, cat.

no. 81. 31). The remaining four specimens differ

slightly in lacking any trace of mesogastric tubercles, and in having a small epibranchial spine and

a low intestinal tubercle. In addition the gastric

regions are not so convex and the anterolateral

spine of the basal antennal article is larger and

more slender. In these and other features there is

agreement with the material described by Laurie

(1906:377) as "variety hendersoni" (syntypes in

the British Museum: 2 $ $ , 4 9 9, 8.9-19.5 mm,

cat. no. 1907. 5.22.116-120). The four specimens

differ from H. calvarius Alcock mainly in lacking

a prominent intestinal spine. Laurie considered

that his form was closely similar to H. subinermis

Zehnter (listed as a synonym of H. convexus by

Balss, 1935) and H. espinosus Borradaile. Hyastenus elongatus Ortmann from Japan, which lacks

an epibranchial spine and H. trispinosus Rathbun

from the Philippine Islands, which possesses one,

are also similar species. Barnard (1950:54) notes

that small specimens which he assigns to H. spinosus lack the two mesogastric spines typical of

adults of this species; possibly some of his series

are conspecific with those taken by the Anton

Bruun off Durban.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from eastern

Africa through Malay Archipelago to northern

Australia and the Philippine Islands.

Hyastenus diacanthus (De Haan)

Pisa (Naxia) diacantha De Haan, 1839:96-97, pi. c, pi. 24:

fig. 1.
NUMBER 182 15

Hyastenus diacanthus.—Sakai, 1938:279-281, fig. 36, pi. 29:

fig. 2; 1965:81, pi. 36: fig. 1.—Buitendijk, 1939:241-242, figs.

5-8.—Takeda and Miyake, 1969:508-509.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—2 9 9, 15.4, 21.5 mm

(USNM 135144).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 40IF, 32 m, 2 specs.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread Indo-West Pacific

from Ceylon to Japan and Australia.

Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man

Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887:14-18, pi. i: figs. 3, 4

Griffin, 1968:103-105, fig. 1, pi. 1 Tirmizi and Serene,

1971:25-27 [remarks], pi. 2: fig. B.

Halimus hilgendorfi.—Rathbun, 1910:317.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 1 ? , 16.9, 20.0 mm

(USNM 135164, 135169).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Andaman Sea, Sta. 22A,

275 m, 1 spec.

Te Vega Cruises: Moluccas, Sta. 54, 46-55 m, 1

spec.

REMARKS.—The 16.9 mm 9 from the Moluccas

clearly agrees with previously described material of

this species. The 20 mm $ from deep water in the

Andaman Sea, however, differs in having no gastric

or branchial spines or tubercles except a prominent epibranchial spine and in having the first

pleopod slightly more slender. Since this specimen agrees in most other features with H. hilgendorfi, it is therefore tentatively assigned to this

species. It differs from H. spinosus in lacking gastric spines and in the shape of the first pleopod,

which is extremely slender in that species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean Sea and Suez

Canal; widespread Indo-West Pacific from eastern

Africa, Red Sea, and Iranian Gulf to Gulf of Thailand, Malay Archipelago, northern Australia, and

Hawaii.

Hyastenus inermis (Rathbun)

Halimus inermis Rathbun, 1911:250-251, pi. 20: fig. 6.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 1 $, 13.0, 15.0 mm

(USNM 135145-46).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Mombasa, Sta. 420A,

140 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui, Sta. 447, 59-61

m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These two specimens show no important differences from the type-material (USNM

41402-05, 128935). The female has a bopyrid isopod in the left branchial cavity.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from the western

Indian Ocean off eastern Africa.

Hyastenus ovatus (Dana)

FIGURES $a,b,g

Lahaina ovata Dana, 1851:269; 1852:93-94; 1885:pl. 2: figs.

la-/.

Hyastenus (Chorilia) ovatus.—Miers, 1884:522-523.

Hyastenus (Chorilia) ovatus var. tenuirostris Miers, 1884:523.

Hyastenus (Chorilia) tenuicornis Pocock, 1890:76-77 [new

synonymy].

Hyastenus tenuicornis.—Alcock, 1895:215-216.—Alcock and

Anderson, 1898:pl. 33: figs. 4, 4a.—Nobili, 1906:175.

Halimus tenuicornis.—Rathbun, 1902:133; 1906:881; 1911:

252-253.—Borradaile 1903:687.

Halimus ovatus.—Rathbun, 1906:881.—Balss, 1935:123.

Hyastenus ovatus.—Buitendijk, 1939:244-245.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 5 5, 4 99 , 9.0-25.5

mm (8 USNM 135155-56, 135158-59, 135162; 2,

AM P. 17786).

Anton Bruun Cruises: SE Andaman Sea, Sta.

18A, 77 m, 1 spec. W of Bombay, Sta. 202C, 84-97

m, 5 specs.; Sta. 203A, 69-68 m, 2 specs. NE Arabian

Sea, Sta. 206A, 71-79 m, 1 spec; Sta. 221A, 57 m,

1 spec.

Te Vega Cruises: Hawaiian Is., Sta. 16, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Examination of a very large series

of specimens (25 $ , 29 9 [14 ovig.], 6.6-20.8 mm,

smallest ovig 9 7.6 mm) from Hawaii (reported

on by Rathbun [1906], USNM 29748-63), Maldive Is. (Rathbun [1902, USNM 28778 and

Buitendijk [1939], Rijksmuseum, Eeiden cat. no.

4315) and from the western Indian Ocean (Rathbun [1911], USNM 41409-13), with which the

Anton Bruun series is clearly conspecific, leaves no

doubt that Pocock's Hyastenus tenuicornis is the

same as Dana's Lahaina ovata. The entire series of

64 specimens possess the very long, outwardly

curved rostral spines, prominent preorbital spine,

very broad hiatus between the supraorbital eave

and laterally flattened postorbital lobe and stout

lobes on the lateral edge of the pterygostomian

region characteristic of the animals described by

Dana and by Pocock. Dana's figures are somewhat

confusing because the carapace is shown covered
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

by hairs and none of the spines of the carapace are

indicated. However, he illustrates peculiar hairs

occurring on the cardiac region. These are rightangled, with the apex somewhat expanded and

very long, and often appear to radiate out from

the central cardiac spine or tubercle. These hairs

are present on all the specimens examined by

Rathbun. Rathbun (1906) remarked that some of

the Hawaiian specimens possess a small spine in

the hiatus between the eave and postorbital lobe.

Such a spine is present also in most of the material

from the western Indian Ocean (Rathbun, 1911)

and the Anton Bruun series. This spine is generally

concealed by the surrounding pubescence and was

presumably missed by Dana. The carapace possesses a single intestinal spine (referred to as a

second cardiac by Pocock) and a group of small

spines subdorsally on the anterior part of the

branchial region. Sometimes there are several

tubercles on the protogastric region anterior to the

four in a line just in front of the first mesogastric.

The surface of the basal antennal article possesses

a characteristic central longitudinal groove, the

anterolateral spine has one or two supplementary

spines almost dorsally, and the lateral margin of

the article bears a small lobe near the base. The

chela of the adult male is subcristate along the dorsal and ventral edge.

Buitendijk (1939) has suggested that Pseudomicippe incerta from the Marshall Islands (Balss,

1938) may be identifiable with this species. However, Balss's species is almost certainly Hyastenus

agassizii (Rathbun, 1902) described from the Maldive Islands. Both possess a few spines on the dorsal edge of the ambulatory meri, a most unusual

feature in this group. There are slight differences

between the two in the details of the orbit.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread Indo-West Pacific

from the Red Sea and Seychelles area to the western Pacific and Hawaii.

Hyastenus spinosm A. Milne Edwards

Hyastenus spinosus A. Milne Edwards, 1872:250. Barnard,

1950:55-54, fig. 11/.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—25 £ £ , 34 $ 9 (1 ovig.),

10.4-62.2 mm, ovig. 9, 37.1 mm (USNM 135147-

54.)

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Bay of Bengal, Sta.

46, 23-25 m, 1 spec. NE Arabian Sea, Sta. 206A,

71-79 m, 5 specs.; Sta. 216A, 52-50 m, 3 specs.; Sta.

221 A, 57 m, 17 specs. E of Lourenc,o Marques, Sta.

372C, 22 m, 1 spec. E of Durban, Sta. 394B, 68-70

m, 6 specs. Mozambique Channel, Sta. 4O3A, 27-

30 m, 22 specs. Oft Cape Guardafui, Sta. 453, 47-49

in, 1 spec.

Te Vega Cruises: Strait of Malakka, Sta. 73,

72-74 m, 3 specs.

REMARKS.—The present series shows some variation in the relative size of the two spines on the

mesogastric region and the epibranchial spine.

Such variation has previously been noted by Alcock (1895) and by Barnard (1950).

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden,

eastern Africa from Durban to Cape Guardafui,

Ceylon, coasts of India, Singapore, Gulf of Siam,

northern Australia, Fiji.

Hyastenus uncifer Caiman

Hyastenus uncifer Caiman, 1909:712, pi. 72: figs. 8, 9

Guinot, 1962:242, fig. I6a,b.

Halimus uncifer,—Rathbun, 1911:252, pi. 20: fig. 7.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 9 (carapace and some

legs only), postrostral length 9.6 mm (USNM

135163).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This specimen differs from the material available to Rathbun and Caiman in three

features in particular: (1) the lateral margin of

the basal antennal article has a slightly longer anterolateral spine and the lateral margin is basally

more convex; (2) the dorsal spine on the distal

edge of the ambulatory merus is larger; and (3)

the spines on the ventral edge of the ambulatory

dactyli are shorter. It agrees with H. uncifer in

major features and has the same arrangement of

tubercles on the carapace. It agrees with H. uncifer

rather than H. ovatus in the details of the orbit.

The early record of this species from Natal by

Stebbing has now been assigned to H. spinosus

(see Barnard, 1950:53).

DISTRIBUTION.—Indian Ocean: Mozambique

Channel, Deigo Garcia, Mauritius, Maldive Islands,

Christmas Island. Pacific Ocean: Palau Islands.
NUMBER 182 17

Inachoides dolichorhynchus Alcock and Anderson

FIGURE 4a

Inachoides dolichorhynchus Alcock and Anderson, 1894:206

Alcock, 1895:186, pi. 4: figs. 1, la.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 8.4 mm (USNM

135171).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This single specimen is referred to

this species, which has not been reported since it

was originally discovered off the Madras coast of

India, because of a number of very close similarities. Thus, the general shape of the carapace, relative length of the rostrum (Alcock incorrectly

states that the rostrum is as long as the carapace;

he could only have measured rostrum length from

the posterior orbital margin—see his figure), form

of the orbit, position of main spines, and general

b

FIGURE 4—Inachoides dolichorhynchus Alcock and Anderson, male (USNM 135171), carapace

length 8.4 mm, from Mozambique Channel, Anton Bruun Sta. 408D: a, carapace, dorsal aspect.

Menaethiops delagoae Barnard, female (USNM 135250), carapace length 9.0 mm, from E of

Lourenco Marques, Anton Bruun Sta. 372C: b, carapace, dorsal aspect. Macropodia formosa

Rathbun, male (AM P.17788), carapace length 15.4 mm, from SE of Durban, Anton Bruun Sta.

391J: c, carapace, dorsal aspect; d, front, ventral aspect.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

spinulation, including arrangement of spines

above the orbit and of spinules on the edges of the

rostrum (asymmetrical), are all as found in the

holotype (<$, 17.6 mm, "Madras coast, Marine

Survey", Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, cat.

no. 4545/7) and accurately figured by Alcock. In

addition the abdomen consists of five free segments as stated by Alcock.

However, there are a number of distinct differences. The rostral spines are incompletely fused

and diverge slightly apically, the basal antennal

article bears more spines laterally, the anterior

border of the mouthfield is not deeply cleft medially, there is no prominent spine on the posterior

margin of the carapace, only a tubercle, and there

are two prominent mesogastric spines. The Anton

Bruun specimen is thus only tentatively identified

as /. dolichorhynchus.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mozambique Channel, Bay of

Bengal.

lnachus dorsettensis (Pennant)

Cancer dorsettensis Pennant, 1777:8, pi. 9A: fig. 18.

Pseudocollodes complectens Rathbun, 1911:248, pi. 20: fig. 4

[new synonymy].

lnachus dorsettensis.—Barnard, 1950:29-30, fig. 5d-e.—

Monod, 1956:526-529, figs. 715-722.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—7 $ & , 6 9 $, (5 ovig.),

6.8-17.1 mm, smallest ovig. 9 , 7.5 mm (12, USNM

135172-75; 1, AM P. 17787).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Lourenc.o Marques,

Sta. 37OG or 372L, 112-347 m, 3 specs. Off Cape

Guardafui, 70-82 m, Sta. 442, 70-80 m, 1 spec; Sta.

444, 78-82 m, 2 specs. Mouth of Gulf of Aden, Sta.

463, 75-175 m, 7 specs.

REMARKS.—The Anton Bruun material agrees

very closely with previous descriptions of /. dorsettensis (e.g., Barnard, 1950; Monod, 1956). Comparison was also made with five specimens of /.

dorsettensis from near the type-locality of that

species (2 3 3 , 3 5 9, 11.2-24.7 mm, Channel Is.

[USNM 6351], Cape Licie, Mediterranean Sea

[USNM 22972]). The only differences are in spinulation of the rostrum and hepatic margin, presence of spines or spinules on the branchial margins anteriorly, spinulation of the posterior margin

of the carapace, anterior margin of the sternum,

cheliped merus, and fourth ambulatory dactyl, and

the density of hairs on the carapace. All these features are variable and the differences are very

slight. The specimens from Sta. 37OG (or 372L)

have minute spinules on the supraorbital eave

close to the edge of the eave, and the hepatic and

branchial margins bear numerous spinules.

The type-material of Pseudocollodes complectens Rathbun, originally described from the Seychelles (holotype $, 9.1 mm [USNM 41389], 1

3,2 9, paratypes [USNM 128939]) differs from

the Anton Bruun material as follows: (1) the cardiac spine is shorter; and (2) the first ambulatory

meri bear spinules along the anterior surfaces. The

length of the interantennular spine relative to the

rostrum, cited by Rathbun as a major reason for

setting up the genus Pseudocollodes, varies quite

widely—the two are almost equal in several Anton

Bruun specimens, just as in the type-series of Rathbun's species. All the specimens considered here

possess the four small tubercles or groups of spinules on the protogastric regions in a straight line

or weak curve forward of the mesogastric spine,

and the males possess the tuberculated areas on

the sternum of the chelipeds lateral to the abdominal fossa, both features characteristic of lnachus

dorsettensis. Barnard (1950) has already suggested

that Rathbun's species may be a synonym of /.

dorsettensis. I agree fully with this. Pseudocollodes

complectens is the type-species of Pseudocollodes

Rathbun, 1911, by monotypy; I. dorsettensis is the

type-species of lnachus Weber, 1795 (see Garth

and Holthuis 1963:424). Synonymizing these two

species thus makes Rathbun's genus a junior objective synonym of lnachus. However, Pseudocollodes demani Balss differs in a number of important features from Rathbun's species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Atlantic from the coast

of Norway to South Africa, extending into the

western Indian Ocean to Lourenc,o Marques, the

Seychelles, and north to the mouth of the Gulf of

Aden.

lnachus guentheri (Miers)

Achaeopsis guentheri Miers, 1879a:2, pi. 4: fig. 1.

lnachus guentheri.—Barnard, 1950:27-29, figs. 5a-c Monod,

1956:529-531, figs. 723-730.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—2 3 3, 2 9 9, 8.0-11.1

mm (USNM 135176-77, 135179).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Louren^o Marques,

Sta. 370G or 372L, 112-347 m, 1 spec; Sta. 371D,
NUMBER 182 19

165 m, 1 spec. E of Durban, Sta. 394B, 68-70 m, 1

spec. E of Mombasa, Sta. 420A, 140 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—All four specimens possess the following characteristic features of this species as

previously described and illustrated: (1) posterior

rims of the antennular fossae with a small spinule;

(2) strong mesogastric spine but low cardiac tubercles; (3) supraorbital eave with a small spine close

to the edge; (4) body covered by close pubescence;

and (5) protogastric regions smooth or with two

very small spinules.

The male from Sta. 394B has the strong polished

"boss" on the anterior rim of the abdominal fossa,

but in the male from Sta. 37OG (or 372L) this is

absent and there are only the two small submedial

spines. However, both have the strongly curved

first pleopod shown for this species by Monod

(1956, fig. 730) and rather different from that

shown by Barnard (1950, fig. 5e). In all the specimens the rostrum terminates in two slender spines

and the basal antennal articles possess spines along

the edges. There are some minor differences between the specimens in spinulation of the cheliped

merus and carpus and some other variable features.

Also, the postorbital spine is sometimes spinulous

and the mesogastric spine sometimes bears spinules

subapically. Some of these variations have been

mentioned by Barnard.

Barnard (1950:29) has already commented upon Doflein's (1904) description of Inachus antarcticus as a new species despite the adequate description and illustration given by Miers.

DISTRIBUTION.—Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts

of southern Africa from Senegal south to False

Bay and north to Lourenc_o Marques.

Macropodia fortnosa Rathbun

FIGURES 4c,d

Macropodia fortnosa Rathbun, 1911:242-244, fig. 1.—Barnard,

1950:17-18, fig. 2g-» [part: not the 2 9 9 from Tugela R.,

Natal, S Afr. Mus. A. 1412].

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—4 $ <j, 4 9 9 (2 ovig.),

8.7-15.7 mm, smaller ovig. 9 8.7 mm (6, USNM

135180-84; 2, AM P.17788).

Anton Bntun Cruises: E of Durban, Sta. 391J,

57 m, 3 specs.; Sta. 392K, 38 m, 2 specs.; E of Durban, Sta. 394B, 68-70 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui, Sta. 444, 78-82 m, 1 spec; Sta. 445, 60-70 m,

1 spec.

REMARKS.—These eight specimens show no important differences from the single male (USNM

41375) collected by the Sealark (Rathbun, 1911).

The spines of the carapace and sternum are variable in size and the merus of the third maxilliped

sometimes bears spinules. Only one specimen bears

minute denticles on the basal antennal article and

on the postorbital region; in other specimens, those

areas are smooth. In the largest male the fixed finger is excavate proximally, both it and the dactyl

bear enlarged teeth, and short hairs arise in a

dense fringe from both fingers on both outer and

inner surfaces, extending the full length of the

fingers on the inner surface and along the proximal half on the outer surface. The first three segments of the abdomen of both sexes each bear a

medial tubercle. Rathbun's descriptions are detailed and accurate and most of the important

features not mentioned by her are covered by

Barnard. However, Barnard was dealing with two

species and his figure 2; is not of M. formosa but

M. intermedia (see below). The presence of the

strong spinule on the posterior rim of each antennular fossa and the splayed lateral rims are characteristic of that species and not of M. formosa.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean: Delagoa

Bay, off East London, near Durban; just south of

Gulf of Aden; and Cargados Carajos, between

Mauritius and Seychelles.

Macropodia intermedia Bouvier

Macropodia longirostris var. intermedia Bouvier, 1940:366.—

Capart, 1951:76-77.

Macropodia formosa [var.] Barnard, 1950:18, fig. 2; [called

"var." in legend].

Achaeopsis gilsoni Capart, 1951:65-67, fig. 20, pi. 1: figs. 4,

10; pi. 2: fig. 3.

Macropodia gilsoni.—Monod, 1956:555-559, figs. 811-822.

Macropodia intermedia.—Guinot and Ribeiro, 1962:78.—

Forest and Guinot, 1966:115-116 Crosnier, 1970:1218.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 6,2 9, (1 ovig.).

12.5-17.2 mm, ovig. 9 14.5 mm (USNM 135185-

86).

Anton Bntun Cruises: E of Durban, Sta. 392K,

38 m, 1 spec; Sta. 394B, 68-70 m, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—These three specimens differ from

the material reported on by Capart and by Monod
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

only in that the edges of the antennular fossae are

not quite so obviously outwardly splayed. There

are slight differences in the spinulation of the carapace, and in the male, the distal edge of the fourth

ambulatory merus bears four spinules dorsally;

there are three spinules in the females. In particular, there is agreement in the position of the

main spines on the carapace and in the arrangement of hairs and spinules on the ambulatory

propodi and dactyli. Each basal antennal article

bears three to five prominent spines; it is this feature that immediately distinguishes M. intermedia

from M. formosa as was noticed in the two females

from Natal examined by Barnard (1950).

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Atlantic from Morocco

to southern Angola; Western Indian Ocean: off

Natal coast.

Majella brevipes Ortmann

Majella brevipes Ortmann, 1893:51-52, pi. 3: figs. 5, ba, hi.—

Sakai, 1965:84-85, fig. 12, pi. 37: fig. 4.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—3 <$ «$, 7.3-12.8 mm

(USNM 135188-90).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 1 spec. Off Cape Guardafui,

Sta. 444, 78-82 m, 1 spec; Sta. 445, 60-70 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These three specimens agree with

previously described material in the densely tuberculate carapace, slender spinulous rostrum, and

spinulous supraorbital eave; the hepatic and branchial margins are provided with long, slender

spines and the chelae are long and slender as in

species of Euiynome. But there is obvious variation in the relative size of the spines, in the spinulation, and in the shape and length of the rostrum.

The rostrum is much longer in the largest male

(more than one-half postrostral length) than in

the other specimens (less than one-third postrostral

length). There are several spinules on the dorsal

and ventral edges of all the ambulatory meri and

a few on the carpi, whereas Sakai states that only

the fourth legs are tuberculate. In the largest specimen the spines on the gastric, cardiac, and dorsal

surface of the branchial regions are very low,

whereas in the other specimens there are prominent spines in these regions as described by Sakai.

The basal antennal article (not described by

Ortmann or Sakai) is slender and weakly tapering,

armed with spines and spinules on the margins and

surface, with spinules and a strong spine apically,

and a prominent lateral lobe basally. The third

maxilliped ischium and merus both bear a few

tubercles and the lateral margin of the merus is

spinulous. The sternum is smooth except for small

tubercles around the anterior margin of the abdominal fossa. These specimens represent a considerable extension of geographic range for this species.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean: off Cape

Guardafui just south of mouth of Gulf of Aden;

Mozambique Channel. Japan: Sagami Bay.

Menaethiops delagoae Barnard

FIGURE 4b

Menaethiops delagoae Barnard, 1955:13—15, fig. 3g-».—Guinot,

1962:38, 42.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 ? (ov'g)» 9.0 mm

(USNM 135250).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Louren^o Marques,

Sta. 372C, 22 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This specimen possesses moderately

long rostral spines which, although contiguous

basally, diverge gradually apically. It can therefore

only be assigned to M. delagoae since in all other

species of the genus, briefly reviewed by Guinot

(1962), the rostral spines are straight and either

contiguous throughout their length or divergent

from the base. Barnard's description is very short.

However, there is also agreement in the details of

the orbit, which possesses strong, minutely denticulate preorbital and antorbital lobes, and in the

basal antennal article, the anterolateral angle of

which is obliquely extended laterally and also minutely denticulated. The carapace has the regions

of the dorsal surface well defined but lacks prominent spines or tubercles except for two on the

hepatic region, one above the other, and one anteriorly on the branchial margin. M. acutifrons (A.

Milne Edwards) possesses several prominent spines

on the carapace dorsum. The pterygostomian

region possesses five small tubercles in an oblique

row toward the outer margin. There are a similar

number of small tubercles in a double longitudinal

row toward the lateral margin of the ischium of

the third maxilliped, and along the exognath

there are also tubercles in a poorly defined double

row.
NUMBER 182 21

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from Lourenc,o

Marques (Delagoa Bay).

Menaethius monoceros (Latreille)

Pisa monoceros Latreille, 1825:139-140.

Huenia brevirostrata Dana, 1852:134-135; 1855, pi. 6: figs.

4a-c [new synonymy].

Menaethius monoceros.—Forest and Guinot, 1961:14, figs.

9a-b.—Sakai, 1965:74-75, pi. 33: fig. 4.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—13 $ £,11 9 9 (6 ovig.),

1 juv., 3.0-21.1 mm, smallest ovig. 9 5.5 mm

(USNM 135191-97).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Tulear, Madagascar, from

offshore reef, K. J. Boss, 9 August 1964, 2 specs.

Amirante, Sta. HA 33, 27°16'N, 33°47'E, intertidal,

H. A. Fehlman, 5 January 1965, 2 specs.

Ambatoloaka Beach, Nossi Be, Madagascar, 1.5

m, bottom of rock and coral, J. R. Rudloe, 11

January 1964, 4 specs.

Cocos (Keeling) Island: Lagoon 1.5 miles SE of

Possession Point, Horsburgh I., Virginia Orr Sta.

B16, 12-18 ft, sand, shell, and coral rubble, 21 January 1964, 4 specs.; Sta. B34, lagoon 2 miles E of

northern end of West Island (Ujong Tanjong), 24

ft, hard, fine sand and weed, 11 February 1964, 11

specs.

Te Vega Cruises: NE of Simalur, Indonesia, Sta.

97LH, intertidal, 1 spec. Near Fiji, Sta. 305, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—All specimens clearly belong to this

distinctive species. Dana's Huenia brevirostrata is

very similar to what is known of female Menaethius monoceros and is definitely not the female of

Dana's Huenia simplex (= Simocarcinus simplex),

contrary to Miers's (1879b:649) statement.

DISTRIBUTION.—Throughout the Indo-West Pacific from South Africa and the Red Sea to Japan,

Australia, and Tahiti.

Micippa thalia (Herbst)

Cancer thalia Herbst, 1803:50-51, pi. 58: fig. 3.

Micippa thalia.—Alcock, 1895:251-252.—Sakai, 1965:90, pi.

42: fig. 3.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $ , 9.4 mm, 1 9 (ovig.),

31.7 mm (USNM 135198-99).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Off Cape Guardafui, Sta.

453, 47-49 m, 1 spec.

Ambatoloaka Beach, Nosi Bay, Madagascar, 2 m,

29 December 1963, J. R. Rudloe, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Both specimens have the distally rostrum typical of the species. The smaller specimen

possesses two mesogastric spines but no other

medial spines on the carapace. The spines are

knobbed at their tips. In the larger specimen the

only obvious spines are the third marginal branchial ones, all the others being represented by

large tubercles.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from eastern

Africa and the Red Sea to Japan and Australia.

Naxioidea robillardi Miers

Naxia (Naxioides) robillardi Miers, 1882:339-341, pi. 20: figs.

1, Ia-e^-Whitelegge, 1900:148.

Naxia mammillata Ortmann, 1893:56-57, pi. 3: figs. 7, la, 7i

[new synonymy].

Naxioides mammillata.—Rathbun, 1911:253.—Sakai, 1938:

268-270, pi. 27: fig. 1; 1965:78, pi. 35: fig. 1.

Naxioides robillardi.—Buitendijk, 1950:65.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—9 $ $, 8 9 9 (3 ovig.),

20.5-121.5 mm, smallest ovig. 9, 82.0 mm (13,

USNM 135200-03; 4, AM P.17789).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Gulf of Oman, Sta. 269C,

124-121 m, 1 spec; Sta. 270A, 55 m, 2 specs. E of

Mombasa, Sta. 420A, 140 m, 12 specs. Mouth of

Gulf of Aden, Sta. 463, 75-175 m, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—This series agrees closely with that

previously reported on by Miers and Whitelegge.

There is, however, also very close agreement with

Naxioides mammillata (Ortmann) (see Sakai, 1938).

Both species agree in relative length of the rostral

spines, position, and relative size of the spines on

the carapace, ornamentation of the carpus of the

cheliped, and form of the chela in the male. There

are only very slight differences in the shape of the

rostral spines and basal antennal articles, and the

variation in the Anton Bruun series encompasses

that shown by Japanese specimens illustrated by

Sakai. Finally, Rathbun's specimen of N. mammillata, a male from Salomon Bank in the western

Indian Ocean, agrees with the Anton Bruun series

in ornamentation of the abdomen and shape of

the first pleopod. The first pleopod of the largest

male of the type-series of Naxia mammillata Ortmann (6 $ $ , A 9 9, 25.2-79.6 mm, "Ja

P

an

» Kagoshima, coll. Doderlein," Strasbourg Museum,

unreg.) agrees completely with the first pleopod

of the Anton Bruun males. In the smaller specimens of both the present series and the syntypes
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of N. mammillata, the smaller spines of the carapace are concealed by dense tomentum.

DISTRIBUTION.—East Africa, off Mombasa, mouth

of Gulf of Oman, Mauritius, Singapore, southeastern Australia, Norfolk Island, Japan.

Oneinopus neptunus Adams and White

Oncinopus neptunus Adams and White, 1848:1-3, pi. 2: fig.

1.—Takeda and Miyake, 1969:477, 478, figs. 3, 5a, 6.—

Griffin, 1972:56.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—3 j j, 9 J J (1 ovig.),

6.4-12.0 mm, ovig. 9 9.8 mm (USNM 135204-07,

135211, 135215-6).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Arabian Sea, Sta.

206A, 71-79 m, 3 specs. Mozambique Channel, Sta.,

400C, 62 m, 1 spec; Sta. 408D, 150-300 m, 1 spec.

Off Cape Guardafui, Sta. 444, 78-82 m, 2 specs.;

Sta. 445, 60-70 m, 2 specs.; Sta. 447, 59-61 m, 2

specs.

Te Vega Cruises: Strait of Malakka, Sta. 73, 72-

74 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Takeda and Miyake (1969) have considered O. neptunus, of which O. subpellucidus

Stimpson is a synonym, to be distinct from O.

aranea De Haan. These rather small specimens

are assigned to O. neptunus since the males possess a first pleopod differing from that of the holotype figured by Takeda and Miyake (1969) only

in being a little more slender apically. The rostral

lobes of the western Indian Ocean specimens are

short and subtriangular; those of the female from

Te Vega Sta. 73 (Strait of Malakka), however, are

slender and rather longer.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from east

Africa to the Philippine Islands and Australia.

Ophthalmias cewicornis (Herbst)

FIGURES 5, la-c

Cancer cervicornis Herbst, 1803:49-50, pi. 58: fig. 2.

Stenocinops [sic] cervicornis—A Milne Edwards, 1865:135-

136.

Ophthalmias cervicornis.—Guinot, 1962:46, fig. 33.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—4 $ $ , 1 9 , 21.1-43.4

mm (USNM 135208).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Mozambique Channel,

Sta. 400C, 62 m, 5 specs.

REMARKS.—Differences between this species and

O. curvirostris have been listed and discussed by

Guinot. Examination of material in the British

Museum (Natural History), London, and the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (7 $,

3 9, 12-60 mm), referred to O. cenncornis by

Latreille, A. Milne Edwards, Henderson, and

Laurie (see Guinot, 1962), and the holotype in

the Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt University,

Berlin (9, postrostral length 31 mm, "Indian

Ocean"—cat. no. 2053), largely confirms Guinot's

analysis except that the rostrum and relative

length of the eyestalk and supraorbital spine are

more variable than indicated by Guinot. The

Anton Bruun series differs from the remainder of

the series mainly in two features: the supraorbital

spine is no longer than the eyestalk, whereas in

most others (but not all) it is about the same

length; the surface of the ischium of the third

maxilliped is quite deeply grooved, whereas it is

usually flat or at most weakly grooved. The surface of the merus is slightly more excavate than

is usual. The lobe on the posterior margin of the

carapace is blunt and the third maxilliped merus

is strongly bilobed medially as is typical. The specimen identified by Rathbun (1911) as O. cervicornis is actually Stilbognathus martensii Miers.

DISTRIBUTION.—Eastern Africa, Ceylon, and

southeast India, Indonesia, Japan, and Hawaii.

Ophthalmias curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards)

FIGURES 6, 7d

Stenocinops [sic] curviroslris A. Milne Edwards 1865:135, pi.

5: figs. 1, la-e.

Ophthalmias curvirostris.—Guinot, 1962:46-51, figs. 34, 37a,&.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 3,1 9 (ovig.), 47.0,

60.0 mm (USNM 135209-10).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Off Cape Guardafui, Sta.

447, 59-61 m, 1 spec. North of Gulf of Aden, Sta.

463, 75-175 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—I have reexamined the material (6 $ ,

5 9, 21.5-44.1 mm) in the British Museum (Natural History), London, and the Museum National

d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, referred to this species

by Nobili and Laurie (see Guinot, 1962) and the

holotype (9, 41 mm, "Mer Rouge, M. Maillard,

1864") in the Paris Museum. The Anton Bruun

material differs most notably from these 12 speci-
NUMBER 182 23

FIGURE 5. Ophthalmias cervicornis (Herbst), male (USNM 135208), carapace length 43.4 mm,

from Mozambique Channel, Anton Bruun Sta. 400C: whole animal in dorsal view.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

mens in four features. The supraorbital spine considerably exceeds the eyestalk in length and is forwardly curved, whereas it is no longer than the

eyestalk and straight in the others. The anterolateral corner of the mouth-field is not rounded, as

is usual, but is provided with an anteriorly and

posteriorly directed blunt lobe. The junction of

the fused basis and ischium of the third maxilliped

is much more strongly notched than is usual. The

medial edge of the merus is more obviously bilobed than is usually the case. There is, however,

considerable variation in the shape of the medial

margin of the third maxilliped in the other specimens. Guinot (1962, fig. 34) shows the anterolateral corner of the ischium as expanded and weakly

grooved. This is hardly typical and is not found in

the Anton Bruun specimens. The male taken by

the Anton Bruun has slender chelae despite its

large size (the smallest ovig. 9 examined was 24

mm cl.). The two Anton Bruun specimens possess

the closely approximated rostral spines and acuminate lobe on the posterior margin of the carapace that are typical of the species. The female

possesses. a triangular, flattened medial spine on

the fourth abdominal segment as figured by A.

Milne Edwards.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea and Gulf of Aden; Iranian Gulf.

FIGURE 6.—Ophthalmias curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards), male (USNM 135209), carapace length

47.0 mm, from off Cape Guardafui, Anton Bruun Sta. 447: whole animal in dorsal view.
NUMBER 182 25

d

FIGURE 7.—Ophthalmias cervicornis (Herbst), male (USNM

135208), carapace length 43.4 mm, from Mozambique Channel, Anton Bruun Sta. 400C: a, left pleopod 1, tip, sternal

aspect; b, left pleopod 1, abdominal aspect; c, left third

maxilliped. Ophthalmias curvirostris (A. Milne Edwards),

male (USNM 135209), carapace length 47.0 mm, from off

Cape Guardafui, Anton Bruun Sta. 447: d, left third

maxilliped.

Perinia tumida Dana

Perinia tumida Dana, 1852:114-115; 1855, pi. 4: 6g. 1.

Perinea tumida.—Sakai, 1938:294-296, fig. 40.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 $, 9.5 mm (USNM

135212).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Latham I., S of Zanzibar

reef, 20 November 1964, 1 spec.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific from eastern

Africa and the Red Sea to Japan, Australia, and

the central Pacific, including Hawaii.

Phalangipus filiformis Rathbun

Phalangipus filiformis Rathbun, 1916:551.—Griffin, 1973:

172-175, figs. 16, $e,f, 6b, 1b, Sgjh.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—3 $ , 4 9, 9.1-20.0 mm

(USNM 135212-14).

Te Vega Cruises: Moluccas, Sta. 54, 46-55 m, 6

specs. Off coast of Sarawak, Borneo, Sta. 60, 100

m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This species is notable for its very

short rostral spines and the sharp spines on the

carapace.

DISTRIBUTION.—Maldive Islands, South China

Sea, Philippine Islands, northern Australia.

Phalangipus hystrix (Miers)

Naxia hystrix Miers, 1886:60-61, pi. 6: fig. 4.

Egeria investigatoris Alcock, 1895:225.

P. indicus

N=122

> 40

a

z

111 35

3

a

m 30

oc

6 8 K> 12 14 16 W 20 22 24 26 28 X> 32 34

CARAPACE LENGTH (mm)

FIGURE 8.—Length frequency histogram for two species of

Phalangipus from Anton Bruun Sta. 41A.
26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Naxioides hystrix.—Takeda and Miyake, 1969:570-511, fig.

9g,h.

Phalangipus hystrix.—Griffin, 1973:175-179, figs, ba-e, 6i, 7i.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 3 3 , 9 $ 9 (1 ovig.),

10.3-30.4 mm, ovig. 9, 29.6 mm (10, USNM

135219-24; 5, AM P.17791).

Anton Bruun Cruises: SE Andaman Sea, Sta.

20, 60-58 m, 1 spec; Sta. 21, 70 m, 1 spec. N Andaman Sea, Sta. 38, 69-73 m, 2 specs. W of Bombay,

Sta. 202B, 90 m, 1 spec; Sta. 202C, 84-97 m, 2 specs.

Te Vega Cruises: Off coast of Sarawak, Borneo,

Sta. 60, 100 m, 3 specs. SE Andaman Sea, Sta. 80,

90-84 m, 5 specs.

REMARKS.—The 15 specimens in this series

clearly show that Naxia hystrix Miers and Egeria

investigatoris Alcock are conspecific.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread Indo-West Pacific

from the Red Sea through the Malay Archipelago

to Japan, the Philippine Islands, and Western

Australia.

Phalangipus indicus (Leach)

Cancer longipes.—Herbst, 1788:231-253, pi. 16: fig. 93 [not

Cancer longipes Linnaeus, 1758].

Egeria indica Leach, 1815:40, pi. 73.

Egeria Herbstii H. Milne Edwards, 1834:292.

Phalangipus indicus.—Griffin, 1973:179-182, figs. 2a, 4a,b, 6e,

7e, 9a,b.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—71 $ $, 54 $ 9 (11

ovig.), 14.5-33.5 mm, smallest ovig. 9 26.3 mm

(117, USNM 135217-18; 8, AM P.17790).

Anton Bruun Cruises: N Andaman Sea, Sta.

41 A, 29-33 m, 122 specs.; Sta. 42, 35 m, 3 specs.

REMARKS.—This species was taken in very large

numbers at Sta. 41A along with P. longipes and

two species of Doclea. P. indicus is easily distinguished from P. longipes by the longer rostrum,

closed orbit, and acuminate, naked sternal spines

of the male. Males are also easily distinguished by

the strongly curved first pleopod. The largest specimens in the series are about half as large again as

the largest P. longipes. Tables 3 and 4 and Figure

8 demonstrate some of these differences between

the two species contained in the sample of Sta.

41A.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bay of Bengal, Ceylon, Andaman Sea, and northwestern Malay Archipelago in

the Singapore region.

TABLE 3.—Values for ratio rostrum length jcarapace

length for part of the sample of Phalangipus species

from Anton Bruun Sta. 41A (P < 0.001)

Species

P. indicus ..

P. longipes

N Mean SD. Max. Min.

55

102

0.189

0.144

0.017

0.019

0.259

0.208

0.154

0.099

Phalangipus longipes (Linnaeus)

Cancer aragnoides Rumphius, 1705:16, pi. 7: fig. 4.

Cancer longipes Linnaeus, 1758:358-359.

Phalangipus longipes.—Griffin, 1973:182-186, figs. \c, %c,d, 6d,

Id, 8a,b.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—125 $ «J , 160 9 9 (93

ovig.), 11.5-23.1 mm, smallest ovig. 9 14.5 mm

(277, USNM 135226-9, 138270 [neotype of Cancer

longipes Linnaeus]; 8, AM P. 17792).

Anton Bruun Cruises: N Andaman Sea, Sta. 41 A,

29-33 m, 254 specs.; Sta. 42, 35 m, 28 specs.

NE Bay of Bengal, Sta. 46, 23-25 m, 2 specs.

Te Vega Cruises: Strait of Malakka, Sta. 73, 72-

74 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Although this species is easily distinguished from its congener, P. indicus, it is very

similar to P. australiensis (see Griffin, 1973).

The large Anton Bruun series, however, possesses

the characters typical of this species, i.e., the epibranchial region is smooth, the ischium of the

third maxilliped lacks any basal tubercle, the

male abdomen lacks a lateral tubercle on segment

3, and the first pleopod of the males is weakly

curved outward distally.

DISTRIBUTION.—Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea,

China Sea, Gulf of Thailand, Philippine Islands,

Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, northern

Australia.

TABLE 4.—Values for regression carapace length

(X) against carapace width (Y) (in the equation

Y = A + BX) for part of the sample of Phalangipus species from Anton Bruun Sta. 41A

Species

P. indicus ...

P. longipes

N B(SE)

Cor. coef.

(SE)

55 0.171 0.727(0.017) 0.986(0.455)

102 -0.797 0.832(0.015) 0.984(0.400)
NUMBER 182 27

Phalangipus returns Rathbun

Phalangipus retusus Rathbun, 1916:552.—Griffin, 1973:190-

192, figs. Id, 3gA 6c, 7c, Se,f.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 9, 11.6 mm (USNM

135230).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE Bay of Bengal, Sta.

47A, 13-15 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—Rathbun (1916) has correctly pointed

out that the notable characteristic of this species is

the dorsoventrally flattened pterygostomian spine.

DISTRIBUTION.—Northern Bay of Bengal, Malay

Archipelago, and Philippine Islands.

Platymaia alcocki Rathbun

Platymaia wyvillethomsoni.—Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891:

258 Alcock, 1895:182-183—.Alcock and Anderson, 1896:

pi. 16.—Doflein, 1904:59-69, 160-165, figs. 2-6; pis. 2,

20-23, 39, 43: figs. 5, 6; pi. 50: figs. 2, 5, 6 [not Platymaia

wyville-thomsoni Miers, 1886],

Platymaia alcocki Rathbun, 1916:530; 1918:8.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—4 $ $, 6 9 $ (2 ovig.),

11.6-73.0 m, smaller ovig. 9 58.4 mm (8, USNM

135232-34; 2 AM P. 17793-94).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Louren^o Marques,

Sta. 397A, 230-297 m, 6 specs.; Sta. 397C, 600-665

m, 1 spec. E of Mombasa, Sta. 421G, 240 m, 2

specs.; Sta. 421H, 290 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—These specimens agree with the

Indian Ocean material reported on by Alcock and

Anderson and by Doflein in the approximation

of the branchial regions medially, the position of

the spines, particularly a protogastric ridge with

two spines or tubercles, the elongation of the

chelae of the adult male, and the presence of scattered spines on the abdomen of the female. In all

but the smallest specimens (1 $ , 16.1 mm, 2 2 9 ,

16.4, 16.9 mm) the supraorbital eave bears one to

five spinules or small tubercles laterally. This feature does not appear to be of specific importance

although it is stressed by Rathbun (1918:8). The

male first pleopod is very similar to that of P.

wyvillethomsoni.

The specimens from Japan discussed under the

name P. alcocki by Takeda and Miyake (1969)

are almost certainly P. remifera Rathbun and not

P. alcocki.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indian Ocean: eastern Africa

from Laurenc,o Marques to Mombasa; Andaman

Sea.

Platymaia turbynei Stebbing

Platymaia turbynei Stebbing, 1903:3-5, pi. 5.—Barnard, 1950:

31-32, 816, figs. 6a/:.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 $ $, 16 ? 9 (8 ovig.),

1 damaged juv., 8.0-45.0 mm, smallest ovig. 9

39.6 mm (1, USNM 136236-39; 4, AM P.17795).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Between Tulear and

Madagascar, trawled, August 1964, 1 spec; Sta.

397C, 600-665 m, 11 specs.; Sta. 398B, 740 m, 8

specs. Mozambique Channel, Sta. 399B, 850-960

m, 3 specs.

REMARKS.—Some of the numerous differences

between this and other species of the genus have

been mentioned by Stebbing (1902) and Barnard

(1950). These include the much narrower and

smoother carapace, the small size of the postorbital

lobe, the presence of dense fringes of hairs along

the chelipeds and first two pairs of ambulatories,

the tapering dactyli of the third and fourth ambulatories, and the stout fingers of the chelae in

the male.

The spination of the ambulatories of the large

adults in this series agrees with that of the type as

figured by Stebbing (1903). The- smallest specimen, a female cl. ca. 8 mm from Sta. 374D differs

from the other specimens only in having slightly

shorter spines on the carapace.

DISTRIBUTION.—Southeast Africa from Cape

Natal (Durban) to southern Mozambique Channel; previously recorded as far north as Delagoa

Bay (Louren^o Marques) only.

Pleistacantha moseleyi (Miers)

Echinoplax moseleyi Miers, 1886:32-33, pi .4: figs. 2, 2a-c.

Echinoplax pungens Wood-Mason in Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891:259—Alcock, 1895:179; 1899, pL 39.—Alcock

and Anderson, 1896, pi. 17: fig. 1.

Pleistacantha moseleyi.—Doflein, 1904:76-78, pi. 24: figs. 5,

6; pis. 25, 26—Barnard, 1950:34-35, fig. 6<r—Sakai, 1965,

fig. 10c.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 s , 1 9 , 21.5, 60.0 mm

(USNM 135240-41).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Andaman Sea, Sta. 22B,

290 m, 1 spec. E of Durban, Sta. 396B, 450-455 m,

1 spec.
28

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

REMARKS.—The distinctions between this species

and P. oryx are discussed under the latter species.

Wood-Mason's species has been accepted as a synonym of Miers's since Doflein (1904).

DISTRIBUTION.—Indo-West Pacific: South Africa,

Andaman Sea, Philippine Islands, and Japan

Pleistacantha oryx Ortmann

Pleistacantha oryx Ortmann, 1893:39—Sakai, 1963:3, 6; 1965:

69-70, fig. 10a,b,d; pi. 30: fig. 2.

Echinoplax rubida Alcock, 1895:179-180.—Alcock and Anderson, 1896:pl. 17: figs. 2, 2a.

Pleistacantha moseleyi.—Sakai, 1938:234-236, fig. 20; pi. 24:

figs. 2, 3 [not Echinoplax moseleyi Miers, 1886].

Pleistacantha orynx [sic].—Takeda and Miyakc, 1969:492-493.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—6 $ $ , 5 $ 9 , 28.0-35.0

mm (USNM 135242-43).

Anton Bruun Cruises: Gulf of Oman, Sta. 264A,

291-272 m, 1 spec. Mouth of Gulf of Aden, Sta. 463,

75-175 m, 10 specs.

REMARKS.—That this species is not a synonym

of P. moseleyi was elucidated by Sakai (1963, 1965).

The main differences between the two are (1) in

P. oryx the interantennular spine is bifid for only

the distal third, or more often apically only, whereas in P. moseleyi it is bifid for at least the distal

half and more often for almost the whole length;

(2) in P. oryx the carapace is covered by small

spines with several prominent, much larger spines

on the gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions,

whereas in P. moseleyi almost all the spines are of

uniform size. However, in both these features and

in others such as the shape of the rostrum, there

is sufficient variation to make discrimination between juveniles of the two species difficult. Pleistacantha oryx also differs from P. moseleyi in that

the rostral spines are usually much less divergent

and the ambulatory propodi bear only short spines,

whereas at least the first three pairs of legs of P.

moseleyi usually bear long spines on the propodi.

The form of the first pleopod of the male is extremely similar in the two species. Pleistacantha

oryx reaches maturity at about one-third the maximum size of P. moselyei.

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Arabian Sea, Andaman

Sea, East China Sea, and Japan.

Schizophrys aspera (H. Milne Edwards)

Mithrax asper H. Milne Edwards, 1834:320.

Schizophrys aspera.—Sankarankutty, 1962:159-160, figs. 15,

16—Sakai, 1965:89, pi. 41: fig. 2—Griffin, 1966a:286, pi.

16; 1966c:312-313.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—2 <J <J, 15.4, 17.4 mm

(USNM 135244, 135253).

Anton Bruun Cruises: NE bay of Bengal, Sta.

47B, 30-22 m, 1 spec. St. Joseph's I., Amirante

Is., Sta. HA20, reef flat, among coral rubble, intertidal, H. A. Fehlman and party, 8 December 1964,

1 spec.

REMARKS.—These two juvenile specimens clearly

belong to this extremely widespread species. The

figures of the male first pleopod given by Sankarankutty (1962) are based on a juvenile; the tip is

strongly curved outward in adults.

DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread Indo-West Pacific

from South and eastern Africa and the Red Sea to

Japan, Australia, Lord Howe Island, Samoa, and

Hawaii.

Simocarcinus obtusirostris (Miers),

new combination

Trigonothir obtusirostris Miers, 1879a:4-5, pi. 4: figs. 2, 2a.—

Balss, 1938:18-19, figs. 3-6.—Forest and Guinot, 1961:14-15.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—3 $ $, 10.0-11.4 mm

(USNM 135245-46).

Cocos (Keeling) Island: Lagoon 2 miles E of N

end of West I., Virginia Orr Sta. B34, 24 ft, hard,

fine sand and weed, dredged, 11 February 1963, 2

specs.; seaward reef off SE end of West I., 6 December 1963, R. T. Abbott, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This species differs from the other

two in the genus in that the branchial expansion

is laterally inflated and blunt rather than flattened

and marginally cristate. The rostrum seldom exceeds half the length of the carapace proper in the

males and in the females is extremely short, generally not extending beyond the orbits; in both

sexes it is extremely deep. There is also marked

sexual dimorphism in the shape of the carapace,

the hepatic margin being so greatly expanded in

females that the width across the hepatic region

exceeds that across the branchial region; it is much

narrower in males. In S. simplex, although the

hepatic margin is expanded in females, the greatest carapace width is always across the branchial
NUMBER 182 29

region. Simocarcinns simplex generally has a pair

of strong protogastric tubercles; the protogastric

region is smooth in S. obtusirostris.

DISTRIBUTION.—Indian Ocean: Cocos (Keeling)

Island. Pacific Ocean: Gilbert, Ellice, and Marianas islands, Tahiti.

Simocarcinus pyramidatus (Heller)

Huenia pyramidala Heller, 1861:307, pi. 1: fig. 9.

Simocarcinus simplex Rathbun, 1911:249 [not Huenia simplex Dana, 1852].

Simocarcinus pyramidatus.—Balss, 1929:11.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—3 <$ $, 1 9, 15.0-16.8

mm (USNM 135247-48).

Cocos (Keeling) Island: Lagoon 2 miles E of N

end of West I., Virginia Orr Sta. B34, 24 ft, hard,

fine sand and weed, dredged 11 February 1963, 2

specs.; lagoon, 300 yds off West I. just N of North

Lagoon, 6 ft, heavy seaweed (Thahssis and Caulerpa spp.), 6 December 1963, R. T. Abbott, 2 specs.

REMARKS.—In these four specimens the rostrum

is about as long as the remainder of the carapace

and is directed forward from the front. In S. simplex (Dana) the rostrum is no more than half the

length of the carapace and is usually curved in the

vertical plane, being directed upward basally and

is horizontal, in those with a longer rostrum,

only toward the tip. There is little difference between the males and the females, the hepatic

margin being poorly expanded or without any

lobe in both sexes, whereas in S. simplex the hepatic margin is broadly expanded in females.

DISTRIBUTION.—Red Sea; Indian Ocean: Aldabra,

Mauritius, Seychelles, Ceylon, Nicobar, and Cocos

(Keeling) islands.

Sphenocarcinus cuneus (Wood-Mason)

Oxypleurodon cuneus Wood-Mason in Wood-Mason and Alcock, 1891:261.

Sphenocarcinus cuneus.—Alcock, 1895:193-194.—Alcock and

Anderson, 1896:pl. 21: figs. 1, la.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—1 9 , 14.2 mm (USNM

135249).

Anton Bruun Cruises: E of Mombasa, Sta. 421H,

290 m, 1 spec.

REMARKS.—This specimen represents only the

third record of this species from the western Indian

Ocean. It is easily distinguished from its congeners

by the long rostrum, the four large plates on the

carapace, and the prominently carinate chelipeds

and ambulatories. A single ovigerous female was

taken by HMS Sealark at Providence I. (Rathbun, 1911:249).

DISTRIBUTION.—Western Indian Ocean: East of

Mombasa, Providence Island; Andaman Sea.

Discussion

The material collected by the RV Anton Bruun

includes 50 species. Shore parties at Madagascar

and islands to the north collected five species including two not taken at Anton Bruun Stations.

Of the eight species collected by the Te Vega one

was not taken by the Anton Bruun or by shore

parties. Finally, Virginia Orr and associates collected three species at Cocos (Keeling) Island in

the eastern Indian Ocean; only one of these was

also collected by the Anton Bruun. This makes

a total of 56 species belonging to 30 genera (see

Table 5).

The majority of the species were taken in the

western Indian Ocean. About one-third (32) of

the number of continental shelf species known

from that area (Guinot, 1966) were collected. Included were three species, Chlorinoides tosaensis,

Majella brevipes, and Oncinopus neptunus, previTABLE 5.—List by subfamilies of the majid spider

crabs dealt with in this report and the collection

from which they came (AB = Anton Bruun; TV

= Te Vega; SH = shore collecting at Madagascar

and nearby islands; VO = collections at Cocos

[Keeling] I. by Virginia Orr and associates)

Species

INACHINAE

Achaeus barnardi

A. curvirostris

A. erythraeus

A. lacertosus

A. laeinoculis

A. spinosissimus

Aepinus itidicus

Camposcia retusa

Cyrtomaia sttlnni

F.ncephaloides armstrongi

Collections

AB TV SH VO

X

X

X

x

X

X

X

X

X

X
30

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Species

Gryphachaeus hyalinus

Inachoides dolichorhynchus

Inachus dorsettensis

/. guentheri

Macropodia formosa

Af. intermedia

Oncinopus neptunus

Platymaia alcocki

P. turbynei

Pleistacantha tnoseleyi

P. oryx

OPHTHALMIINAE

Ophthalmias cervicornis ....

O. curvirostris

ACANTHONYCHINAE

Huenia proteus

Menaethiops delagoae

Menaethius monoceros

Simocarcinus obtusirostris ..

S. pyramidatus

Sphenocarcinus cuneus

PISINAE

Collodes malabaricus

Doclea calcitrapa

D. canalifera

D. muricata

D. avis

Eurynome aspera

E. elegans

Hyastenus convexus

H. diacanthus

H. hilgendorfi

H. inermis

H. ovatus

H. spinosus

ft. uncifer

Naxioides robillardi

Perinia tumida

Phalangipus filiformis

P. hystrix

P. indicus

P. longipes

P. retusus

MAJINAE

Chlorinoides aculeatus

C. tosaensis

Entomonyx spinosus

Majella brexnpes

Schizophrys aspera

MlTHRACINAE

Micippa thalia

Collections

AB TV SH VO

ously known only from the western Pacific and

three species, Eurynome aspera, Inachus dorsettensis, and Macropodia intermedia, up till now

recorded from the Atlantic or at most southern

Africa. Seven species, Achaeus barnardi and A.

erythraeus, Encephaloides armstrongi, Eurynome

elegans, Gryphachaeus hyalinus, Macropodia formosa, and Phalangipus retusus, previously taken

only once, were collected by the Anton Bruun.

Twenty-four continental shelf species were taken

at more than one station by the Anton Bruun

(Table 6). The collections from the shelf of the

Andaman Sea-Bay of Bengal area showed marked

differences from those in the western Indian

Ocean. The former were typified by large species

of the pisines Doclea and Phalangipus which

occurred in very large numbers, 414 specimens of

only four species coming from Sta. 41A near the

Gulf of Martaban. A total of 16 species were collected from 14 stations in this area. Eleven of these

species were not taken elsewhere by the Anton

Bruun but all of them have been taken outside

this area, mostly from the Indo-Malay Archipelago

and western Pacific. By contrast, the collections in

the western Indian Ocean, especially the area just

south of the mouth of the Gulf of Aden, took up

to 7 species at each station; these mostly small

inachines, pisines and majines were collected in

much smaller numbers, Sta. 463 taking the largest

number (24 individuals). The 15 stations in this

area produced 26 species, of which 19 were not

taken elsewhere. Only one of these, Hyastenus inermis, is so far known only from the western Indian

Ocean. However, two others, Achaeus erythraeus

and Ophthalmias curvirostris, have been previously

recorded only from the Red Sea-Iranian Gulf, four

from South Africa, and three from the shelf around

India. Ten species were taken in the Arabian SeaGulf of Oman and 13 species off South Africa.

Six deep-water species, Cyrtomaia suhmi, Pleistacantha moseleyi, and P. oryx, Platymaia alcocki

and P. turbynei, and Sphenocarcinus cuneus, were

taken from nine stations worked on the continental

slope in depths of 230-960 m. These are wellknown archibenthal species mostly with fairly wide

geographic distributions.

The general concept of the Indo-West Pacific

spider-crab fauna as being composed of diverse

geographically widespread species is supported by

the present study.
NUMBER 182 31

TABLE 6.—The geographic distribution (arranged by station numbers) of the

24 continental shelf species of majids taken by the Anton Bruun at more than

two stations

Species

17-

47

202-

221

3 °

o

245-

270

357-

397

ist

Afric

400-

421

ft) ^

442-

463

o

Achaeus barnardi

Aepinus indicus

Chlorinoides tosaensis

Doclea canalifera

Encephaloides armslrongi

Entomonyx spinosus

Eurynome aspera

E. elegans

Gryphachaeus hyalinus

Hyastenus convexus

H. inermis

H. ovatus

H. spinosus

Inachus dorsettensis

/. guentheri

Macropodia formosa

M. intermedia

Majella brevipes

Naxioides robillardi

Oncinopus neptunus

Ophthalmias curvirostris

Phalangipus hystrix

P. indicus

P. longipes

x x

X

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