Coast Guard Navigation

Standards Manual

COMDTINST M3530.2D

January 2012

Commandant

United States Coast Guard

2100 2

nd Street, S.W. Stop 7357

Washington, D.C. 20593-7357

Staff Symbol: CG-7511

Phone: (202) 372-2336

Fax: (202) 372-2908

COMDTINST M3530.2D

27 JAN 2012

COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION M3530.2D

Subj: COAST GUARD NAVIGATION STANDARDS MANUAL

Ref: (a) United States Coast Guard Regulations 1992, COMDTINST M5000.3 (series)

(b) Cutter Training and Qualification Manual, COMDTINST M3502.4 (series)

(c) U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume I,

COMDTINST M16114.32 (series)

(d) U.S. Coast Guard Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume II,

COMDTINST M16114.33 (series)

(e) Operational Risk Management, COMDTINST 3500.3 (series)

(f) U.S. Navy Ship Control and Navigation Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS), 

NAVEDTRA 43492-2 (series)

(g) Cutter Organization Manual, COMDTINST M5400.16 (series)

(h) Personnel Qualification Standard (PQS) Officer of the Deck (OOD), COMDTINST

M3502.5 (series)

(i) Information and Life Cycle Management Manual, COMDTINST M5212.12 (series)

(j) Procedures for the Preparation and Disposition of Cutter Logs, COMDTINST M3123.12

(series)

1. PURPOSE. This Manual promulgates navigation policies and procedures for all cutters, cutter boats

and shore based boats. 

DISTRIBUTION-SDL No. 158

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

A 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

B 2 2 30 2 2 30 2 2

C 2 2 2

D 2 2 * 2

E 2 2

F

G

H

NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION: *Dl: CGLO ATG MAYPORT (2), CGLO ATG DET NORFOLK (2), CGLO ATG PEARL HARBOR (2), CGLO

ATG PAC SAN DIEGO (2), CGLO ATG EVERETT, WA (2)

U.S. NAVY DISTRIBUTION: COMNAVSURFLANT (4), COMNAVSURFPAC (4), COMTRALANT (4), COMTRAPAC (4), FTC NORFOLK (4),

NWTC CHARLESTON (4), FTC MAYPORT (4), FTU LITTLE CREEK (4), FTC PEARL HARBOR (4)
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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2. ACTION. All Coast Guard unit commanders, commanding officers, officers-in-charge, 

deputy/assistant commandants, and chiefs of headquarters staff elements shall comply with the 

provisions of this Manual. Internet release is not authorized. 

3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. Coast Guard Navigation Standards, COMDTINST 3530.2C is hereby

cancelled.

4. DISCUSSION. Navigation remains a critical basis for all underway operations and a fundamental 

competency. This manual is designed to assist the CO/OINC, Navigator and Coxswain in carrying

out their responsibilities as outlined in Coast Guard Regulations. New updates leverage the proven 

reliability of internationally accepted electronic navigation systems while retaining the capability to 

fix position using visual lines of position and radar ranges. 

5. PROCEDURES. Official distribution will be via the Coast Guard Directive (CGDS) DVD. An 

electronic version will be located on the following Information and Technology CG-612 web sites. 

Intranet: http://cgweb.comdt.uscg.mil/CGDirectives/Welcome.htm, Internet: 

http://www.uscg.mil/directives/, and CGPortal: https://cgportal.uscg.mil/delivery/Satellite/CG612. 

6. MAJOR CHANGES. 

a. Chapter 1 additions:

(1) Commanding Officers/ Officers-in-Charge shall promulgate Command Navigation Standards

within 90 days of assuming command. Portions of this manual now pertain to all cutters.

(2) Conduct a steering test and propulsion check prior to entering restricted waters or getting

underway IAW reference (a).

(3) All Cutters will maintain proficiency in paper plot as a tertiary backup mode of navigation.

(4) Command Navigation Standards shall include:

(a) Definition of shoal water and method to indicate shoal water for each navigational

system as well as on paper charts. 

(b) Method of indicating that electronic tracklines are properly reviewed and approved, (i.e. 

ALL CAPS once approved).

(c) Specific guidance pertaining to electronic chart displays, including filters.

(d) Specific onboard chart hierarchy (Additional Cutter Items).

(e) Ship’s characteristics and tactical data (Additional Cutter Items).

(f) Gyro error frequency determination (relocated from 3530.2C, 3.A.3).

(g) AIS settings and use policy.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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(h) Electronic casualty control.

(i) Requirements for logging propulsion and steering mode (relocated from 3530.2C, 9.C).

(j) GPS to antenna offset settings.

(k) Drag and swing circle procedures for electronic charts.

(l) Radar configurations with inputs specified. 

b. Chapter 2. Additions:

(1) Preparations; verifying all positioning sources for accuracy.

(2) Position comparisons, clarification. 

(3) DR Clarification. 

(4) Fix labeling and set and drift standards (relocated from 3530.2C, 3.A 5 and 3.A.6).

(5) Navigation report information (relocated from 3530.2C, 1.B.2.g).

(6) Authorization for use of WAAS on GPS receivers.

c. Chapter 3. Additional Requirements for Boat Navigation (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 4).

d. Chapter 4. Electronic Navigation Systems (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 5).

(1) Addition:

(a) Restricting applications on situational awareness computers.

(b) Clarification on ECINS/ECS use.

(c) Policy on Personal Navigation Applications (APPs).

e. Chapter 5. Electronic Chart Data (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 6).

(1) Updated to allow the use of Digital Navigation Charts in all waters not covered by NOAA.

f. Chapter 6. Celestial Navigation (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 7).

g. Chapter 7. Navigation Planning and Briefs (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 8)

(1) Additions:

(a) Includes sections of 3530.2C ch. 3.

(b) Chart preparation section, broken down into electronic and paper chart requirements. 
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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(c) Additional requirements for navigation briefs.

h. Chapter 8. Cutter Logs, Records and Checklists (relocated from 3530.2C ch. 9)

(1) Additions:

(a) Updated ECINS use guidelines to include fluxgate compass.

(b) Additional guidelines for Deviation Tables and use of fluxgate compasses.

i. Chapter 9. Anchoring (new chapter)

j. Enclosure (3). Cutter Navigation Teams

(1) Updated requirement for secondary Navigation Team in CIC/CSC.

7. REQUESTS FOR CHANGES. Change recommendations should be routed in writing via the chain

of command to Commandant (CG-751) for cutters and Commandant (CG-731) for shore based

boats.

8. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND IMPACT CONSIDERATIONS. Environmental

considerations were examined in the development of this manual and were determined to be not

applicable.

9. FORMS/ REPORTS. The forms referenced in this Manual are available in USCG Electronic Forms 

on the Standard Workstation or on the Internet: http://www.uscg.mil/forms/ ; CGPortal at 

https://cgportal.uscg.mil/delivery/Satellite/uscg/References; and Intranet at 

http://cgweb.comdt.uscg.mil/CGForms. The Ship’s Position Log, OPNAV-3100/3; Standard 

Bearing Book, OPNAV-3530/2; and Navy Navigation Workbook, OPNAV-3530/1 are only 

available through the Navy at http://navalforms.daps.dla.mil/web/public/home. Click on Forms from 

the menu and do a keyword search using the form number.

Vincent B. Atkins /s/

Rear Admiral, U. S. Coast Guard

Assistant Commandant for Capability
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CHAPTER 1. COMMANDING OFFICER/ OFFICER-IN-CHARGE .................... 1-1

A. Responsibilities.......................................................................................................... 1-1

1. All Units............................................................................................................... 1-1

B. Command Navigation Standards ............................................................................. 1-22

1. All Units............................................................................................................... 1-2

2. Additional Cutter Items........................................................................................ 1-3

3. Additional Shore-based Boat Force Unit Items. .................................................. 1-4

CHAPTER 2. GENERAL NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS ............................... 2-1

A. Purpose....................................................................................................................... 2-1

B. Discussion......................................................................................2-1

C. Preparations................................................................................................................ 2-1

D. Positioning Sources.................................................................................................... 2-1

1. Category I............................................................................................................. 2-1

2. Category II ........................................................................................................... 2-1

3. GPS Corrections................................................................................................... 2-1

E. Fixes........................................................................................................................... 2-2

1. Precautions............................................................................................................. 2-2

a. Reducing speed as appropriate................................................................................. 2-2

b. Take all way off...................................................................................................... 2-2

c. Increase fix frequency. ............................................................................................ 2-2

d. Turning away from the danger................................................................................. 2-2

2. Electronic. ............................................................................................................ 2-2

3. Paper. ................................................................................................................ 2-2

4. Erasures................................................................................................................ 2-3

5. Intervals................................................................................................................ 2-3

6. Verification. ......................................................................................................... 2-3

F. Charts......................................................................................................................... 2-3

1. Electronic Charts.................................................................................................. 2-3

2. Paper Charts......................................................................................................... 2-3

G. Navigating with Paper Charts. ................................................................................... 2-3

1. Set and Drift......................................................................................................... 2-3

2. Estimated Position. .............................................................................................. 2-4

3. Dead Reckoning................................................................................................... 2-4

4. Navigation Reports .............................................................................................. 2-4

5. Report information............................................................................................... 2-4

CHAPTER 3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOAT NAVIGATION .... 3-1

A. General....................................................................................................................... 3-1

1. Paper chart fixes................................................................................................... 3-1

2. Dead Reckoning................................................................................................... 3-1

3. Boat’s Position..................................................................................................... 3-1

B. Restricted Waters....................................................................................................... 3-1

1. Paper chart fixes................................................................................................... 3-1

2. Precautions........................................................................................................... 3-1
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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C. Boats Equipped with Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS)/Electronic

 Charting System (ECS)........................................................................3-1

D. Additional Requirements for Non-standard Boat (NSB) Operations...................3-1

CHAPTER 4. ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEMS...................................... 4-1

A. Coast Guard Electronic Navigation Systems............................................................. 4-1

1. General ................................................................................................................ 4-1

2. Restricting Applications..................................................................4-1

3. Personal Navigation Applications......................................................4-1

B. Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation System (ECINS).. ........................... 4-1

1. General................................................................................................................. 4-1

2. General ECINS Usage ......................................................................................... 4-1

3. System usage in Restricted Waters. ..................................................................... 4-2

C. Electronic Chart System (ECS) ................................................................................. 4-2

1. ECS Usage by Cutters.......................................................................................... 4-2

2. ECS Usage by Boats. ........................................................................................... 4-3

D. Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS) for Boats......................................... 4-3

1. SINS Usage.......................................................................................................... 4-3

CHAPTER 5. ELECTRONIC CHART DATA......................................................... 5-1

A. General....................................................................................................................... 5-1

1. Data. ................................................................................................................ 5-1

2. Licensing.............................................................................................................. 5-1

3. Discrepancies. Rendering, loading and............................................................... 5-1

B. Approved Electronic Chart Data................................................................................ 5-1

1. Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC). ..................................................................... 5-1

2. Digital Nautical Charts............................................................................................ 5-1

3. Raster Navigational Chart.................................................................................... 5-1

4. Commercial products. .......................................................................................... 5-1

C. Up-To-Date Electronic Chart Data. ........................................................................... 5-1

1. Full file................................................................................................................. 5-2

2. Official updates.................................................................................................... 5-2

3. Manual. ................................................................................................................ 5-2

4. NOAA Updates.................................................................................................... 5-2

5. Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS)................................................... 5-2

D. Recommended Electronic Chart Type Hierarchy. ..................................................... 5-2

E. Electronic Chart Data Selection................................................................................. 5-3

1. Render. ................................................................................................................ 5-3

2. Coverage. ............................................................................................................. 5-3

3. Scale. ................................................................................................................ 5-3

4. Up-to-date ............................................................................................................ 5-3

5. Scale/ Up-to-date ................................................................................................. 5-3

F. Electronic Chart Data Scaling.................................................................................... 5-3

1. Viewing................................................................................................................ 5-3

2. Display matching ................................................................................................. 5-3

G. Notes on Electronic Chart Data Use .......................................................................... 5-3

1. Vector vs. Raster Charts. .................................................................................... 5-3
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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2. Chart Symbology ................................................................................................. 5-4

3. Situational awareness use. ................................................................................... 5-4

CHAPTER 6. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION............................................................. 6-1

General............................................................................................................................. 6-1

A. Proficiency. ................................................................................................................ 6-1

1. Cutter class........................................................................................................... 6-1

2. Proficient.............................................................................................................. 6-1

3. Opportunities........................................................................................................ 6-1

4. Training................................................................................................................ 6-1

B. Requirements ............................................................................................................. 6-1

1. Documentation..................................................................................................... 6-1

2. Computer computations....................................................................................... 6-1

3. Chronometers....................................................................................................... 6-1

CHAPTER 7. NAVIGATION PLANNING AND BRIEFS ..................................... 7-1

A. Navigation Planning................................................................................................... 7-1

1. Purpose................................................................................................................. 7-1

2. Reference Publications......................................................................................... 7-1

B. Chart Preparations...................................................................................................... 7-1

1. Paper Chart Preparations...................................................................................... 7-2

2. Electronic charts preparations.............................................................................. 7-2

C. Navigation Briefs....................................................................................................... 7-2

1. Required information. .......................................................................................... 7-3

D. Boat Crew Briefs........................................................................................................ 7-4

1. Requirements. ...................................................................................................... 7-4

2. Debriefs................................................................................................................ 7-4

CHAPTER 8. CUTTER LOGS, RECORDS AND CHECKLISTS.......................... 8-1

A. General....................................................................................................................... 8-1

B. Electronic Logs.......................................................................................................... 8-1

1. ECINS use............................................................................................................ 8-1

2. Compass Checks and Deviation Tables............................................................... 8-1

3. Maintenance......................................................................................................... 8-1

C. Deck Logs. ................................................................................................................. 8-2

D. Ship Position Log....................................................................................................... 8-2

E. Standard Bearing Book.............................................................................................. 8-2

1. Chart number. ...................................................................................................... 8-2

2. Time zone and date .............................................................................................. 8-2

3. Radar ranges......................................................................................................... 8-2

4. Soundings............................................................................................................. 8-2

5. Bearings ............................................................................................................... 8-2

6. Abbreviations....................................................................................................... 8-2

7. Gyro/Radar error.................................................................................................. 8-2

8. Navigation aids .................................................................................................... 8-2

F. Navy Navigation Workbook...................................................................................... 8-3

1. Computer computations....................................................................................... 8-3
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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2. STELLA............................................................................................................... 8-3

3. Strip forms ........................................................................................................... 8-3

4. Calculator use....................................................................................................... 8-3

G. Combat Information Center (CIC)/Combat Support Center (CSC) Navigation Log 8-3

1. Page labeling........................................................................................................ 8-3

2. Fix recording........................................................................................................ 8-3

3. Securing the log. .................................................................................................. 8-4

4. Radar ranges......................................................................................................... 8-4

5. Abbreviations....................................................................................................... 8-4

6. Navigation aids. ................................................................................................... 8-4

H. Captain’s Night Orders. ............................................................................................. 8-4

I. Checklists................................................................................................................... 8-4

J. Record Retention..............................................................................8-4

1. Claim........................................................................................8-4

2. Litigation...................................................................................8-4

3. Investigation...............................................................................8-4 

CHAPTER 9. ANCHORING .................................................................................... 9-1

A. General....................................................................................................................... 9-1

B. Proficiency. ................................................................................................................ 9-1

1. Cutter class........................................................................................................... 9-1

2. Proficient.............................................................................................................. 9-1

3. Opportunities........................................................................................................ 9-1

C. Requirements. ............................................................................................................ 9-1

1. Documentation..................................................................................................... 9-1

2. Calculations.......................................................................................................... 9-1

3. Navigation Team Responsibilities....................................................................... 9-1

APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY OF TERMS.................................................................. A-1

APPENDIX B. LIST OF ACRONYMS..................................................................... B-1

ENCLOSURES

(1) Navigation Plotting Symbols

(2) Line Handling Commands

(3) Cutter Navigation Teams.

(4) Helm Commands

(5) ECINS and Paper Chart Use Flow Chart

(6) Guidance For Boat Forces Units Command Navigation Standards

(7) Sample Getting Underway Checklist

(8) Sample Entering Port/Approaching Restricted Waters Checklist

FIGURES

2-1 Positioning Source Hierarchy

5-1 Electronic Chart Type Hierarchy
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 1. COMMANDING OFFICER/ OFFICER-IN-CHARGE

A. Responsibilities. Commanding Officers/ Officers-in-Charge (CO/OICs) shall:

1. All Units. 

a. Ensure compliance with the provisions of this Manual. (NOTE: COs/OICs of 

WLI, WLR, WLIC and WYTL class cutters, due to their unique areas of 

responsibility, missions, navigation techniques, and the lack of accurate charts that 

portray the ever-changing bottom contours of these areas, shall tailor the 

requirements discussed in section 1.B.2.e and Chapters 4, 5, and 8 of this manual, as 

appropriate, for incorporation into their Command Navigation Standards.) 

b. PromulgateCommandNavigationStandardswithin 90 days of assuming command.

Prior navigation standards shall remain in effect until superseded.

c. Assign, train, and certify navigation personnel in accordance with references (a)

through (d) as appropriate.

d. Incorporate the principles of effective risk assessment into navigational planning in

accordance with reference (e). The risk assessment process may be tailored to be

consistent with the complexity of the specific mission, butshould not omit any step in

the process.

e. Conduct navigation exercisesin accordance with reference (b) and/or (d).

f. Designate a Navigator in accordance with reference (a). Cutters that do not have an

Operations Officer assigned shall designate an experienced underway Officer of the

Deck that is an Officer, Chief, or Petty Officer who possessesthe required proficiency,

training, maturity, and judgment required of this position. The Navigator shall

complete applicable parts of reference (f). Schoolslisted in reference (f) are

recommended but not required.

g. Conduct a steering test and propulsion check priorto entering restricted waters or getting

underway in accordance with reference (a).

h. Maintain proficiency of basic navigation skills(paper plot) through training and

practice. 

i. Ensure Navigation Teams maintain a thorough understanding of principles of

operation, use, and most importantly, limitations of installed equipment.

j. Shall approve all tracklines and routes(Cutters only). The OOD retains discretion to 

maneuver as necessary in accordance with the promulgated Command Navigation 

Standards.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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B. Command Navigation Standards. CO/ OICsshall publishCommand Navigation Standards

that incorporate the navigation requirements detailed in reference (a) and this Manual. 

Command Navigation Standardsshall, at a minimum, include:

1. All Units.

a. Navigational draft.

b. Definition ofshoalwater andmethod to indicate shoalwaterfor each navigationalsystem

as well as on paper charts.

(1) Safety Depth

(2) Safety Contour

(3) Depth Below Keel

c. Command definitions of Navigational Zones(i.e. Areasthat require specific levels of

attention to and frequency of navigational tasks). NavigationalZonesshall be based on

the vessel’s navigational draft,mission, operating environment, etc. Navigational

Zonesshall include:

(1) Restricted Waters(i.e. Harbor, Harbor Approach, Near Coastal)

(2) Coastal.

(3) Open Ocean.

(4) Any additional zonesrequired by specific operating environments or operational

circumstances.

d. Standard navigational fix intervals for each Navigational Zone.

e. The interval at which the primary positioning source must be compared to an

unrelated positioning source and logged (i.e.radar overlay, chartmatching,Vis/Radar

LOP (see chapter 2.C.5)). Thisshall be done at least every third fix in Restricted

Waters and in all other waters, at least once per day.

f. Standard navigation plotting symbols. Enclosure (1) may be used forthis purpose,

either in its entirety, or tailored at command discretion.

g. Alarm management. The conditions when an alarm may be silenced or disabled shall

be addressed. The modern bridge may have more than 50 audible and/or visible alarms,

warnings, and indicators available to help ensure safe operations.

h. Standard line handling commands. Enclosure (2)may be used forthis purpose in its

entirety or tailored at command discretion.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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i. Method ofindicating that electronic tracklines on allsystems are properly reviewed

and approved (i.e.trackline name inALLCAPSonce approved) before being put in use. 

Additionally, all tracklines on allsystems must be identical with any offset issues 

resolved at the Navigation Brief stage.

j. Specific guidance pertaining to electronic chart displays, including filtersettings and

scaling below base scale, when deemed unavoidable.

2. Additional Cutter Items. 

a. Specific guidance concerning navigation ofthe cutter’s boat(s) while operating

independently of the cutter. For these standards, “independently” meansthe boat

coxswain, not the bridge watch, is entirely responsible for the boat’ssafe navigation

(i.e. Over the Horizon/out of the cutter’s active sensor range).

b. Specific Navigation Team manning requirementsfor navigating with electronic

navigation systems and/or paper chartsfor each navigational zone. Standard Navigation

Team positions are listed in Enclosure (3).

c. Standard helm and engine order commands (see Enclosure (4).

d. SpecialSeaDetail,Anchoring andMooringBillsin accordancewith reference (g) and

relevantsections of this Manual.

e. A list of paper chartsrequired to be onboard, further annotated to reflect those charts 

designated by the CO/OIC to be up-to-date through the latest Local Notice to

Mariners. Follow the decision matrix in Enclosure (5) to determine paper chart

carriage requirements.

f. Any deviation fromthismanual’srecommended electronic chart data

hierarchy (see Chapter 5.B).

g. In addition to the Navigational Draft, the following ship’s characteristics

shall be specified:

(1) Full load draft.

(2) Masthead height.

(3) Length overall.

(4) Length along the waterline.

(5) Distance from hawsepipe to alidade.

(6) Distance from hawsepipe to GPS antenna.

(7) Distance from hawsepipe to stern.

(8) Distance fromGPS antenna to stern. 
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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(9) Distance from radar antenna to stern.

(10) Distance from radar antenna to hawsepipe.

h. Ship’s unclassified tactical data, including tactical and final diameter in accordance

with Chapter 4 of reference (a). Pertinent data must be posted at all conning

stations while underway.

i. Determine gyro error prior to getting underway or entering restricted waters. If

conditions permit, gyro errorshall be determined at least once daily while underway. 

When gyro error is obtained, gyrocompass(es) and repeatersshall be compared and errors

posted and entered into electronic navigation systems.

j. AIS settings and use policy to include setting transmit modes as well asship’sstatus

(i.e. restricted maneuverability, anchored, underway, etc.).

k. Electronic casualty control proceduresto include responsesto loss of gyro or GPS input.

l. When navigating with automatic ship control systems such as autopilot or

Dynamic Positioning System, the mode in use must be logged. Additionally, the

propulsion mode shall be logged.

m. GPSto antenna offsetsettings during normalsteaming, anchoring,ATON or other

applicable evolutions.

n. Drag and swing circle procedures for electronic charting systems.

o. Standard heading and speed input configuration for the radar.

p. Crosstrack warning and alarmsettingsfor each navigational zone.

q. Conditions under whichCIC(if applicable) would take control of the primary plot.

3. Additional Shore-based Boat Force Unit Items.

a. A list of paper charts, including the unit’s Area of Responsibility (AOR) that must be

ready and up-to-date through the latest Local Notice to Mariners. These charts will be

carried on each assigned boat or in the unit navigation kit. Commands may require each

coxswain to maintain their own copies of up-to-date ready charts.

b. Key operating areas.

c. Principle navigation routes, tracklines and standard waypoints.

d. Areas within the unit’s AOR where boat crewsshall conductfrequent area

familiarization transitsin accordance with reference (d).

e. Areas within the unit’s AOR that pose significant navigational or environmental

risksto boats. These areasshall also be displayed on a chart in the operations/
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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planning space.

f. Specific operating guidance such asspeed limits,safe operating distancesfrom

known hazards,frequency offixes, and restricting operating areasforspecific boat

types. An example of unit level guidance is provided in Enclosure (6).

g. Navigation and piloting requirementsfor use during surf operations(i.e. Use of

naturalranges,radar ranges, waypoints, etc.).

h. Requirementsfor maintaining Dead Reckoning plots based on boat type,

navigational systems, and operating environments.
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COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 2. GENERAL NAVIGATION REQUIREMENTS

A. Purpose. Thissection setsforth minimum navigationalrequirementsfor all Coast Guard cutters and

boats. (NOTE: WLI, WLR, WLIC and WYTL class cutters, while operating on rivers and the

IntracoastalWaterways, are exempt from the specific requirements of this section. COs/OICs of

these units shall tailor the requirements of this chapter, as appropriate,for incorporation into their

Command Navigation Standards).

B. Discussion. Navigation is fundamental to safe operations afloat. These requirements reflect the 

proven reliability and accuracy of internationally accepted electronic navigation systems while 

retaining the capability to fix position using visual lines of position and radar ranges. Coast Guard 

cutters will normally use electronic navigation systems as their primary means of navigation. 

COs/OINCs shall train and practice basic navigation skills (Mode III, paper plot) as directed by 

reference (b) to maintain a contingency navigation capability.

C. Preparations. Prior to getting underway, all positioning sourcesshall be verified for accuracy,

including GPS, Shipboard infrared Visual Sensor System (SIRVSS), radar, and/or gyrocompassif

applicable.

D. Positioning Sources. Figure 2-1 is the hierarchy of various positioning sources.

1. Category I. Category I positioning sources are adequate for use asthe primary source of own

vessel’s position while operating in all waters.

2. Category II. Category II positioning sources are not considered adequate for precise navigation

and shall only be used asthe primary source of the own vessel’s position in open ocean.

3. GPS Corrections. The only Global Positioning System(GPS) corrections currently authorized

forCoastGuard coastal and restricted waters navigational use are provided by theMaritime

Differential GPS system.

4. GPS Receiver and WAAS. A unit equipped with a GPS receiver that is capable of receiving 

GPS corrections from the Wide Area Augmentation Systems (WAAS) is authorized to use 

this feature. WAAS is a satellite-based GPS augmentation system being implemented by the 

Federal Aviation Administration to support lateral and vertical navigation for all phases of 

flight in the US. However, WAAS is not yet an approved option for positioning ATON.

5. Position comparisons. When using any form of GPS as the primary source for positioning

information, the position shall be compared to an unrelated positioning source at intervals

prescribed i.e. radar overlay, chartmatching,Vis/RadarLOP. Another GPS or DGPS unit does

not meet this requirement. This shall be done once a day in Open Ocean and every third fix

in Restricted Waters. Unitsshall comply as capabilities allow. When navigating in Open

Ocean, comparing GPS to a celestial observation once a day will meet thisrequirement. Only

the unitslisted in Chapter 6 of this manual are required to maintain proficiency in celestial

navigation.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

2-2

POSITIONING SOURCE HIERARCHY

CATEGORY I

GPS with DGPS corrections or WAAS-enabled

GPS PPS (Precise Positioning Service) Classified System, if applicable

GPS SPS (Standard Positioning System (see note 1)

Visual and/or RADAR (includes Radar or Chart Matching)

CATEGORY II

Inertial Navigation System

Celestial

Figure 2-1

Note 1: Use of GPS SPS as a Category I positioning source assumesthat Selective Availability

(SA), an intentional offset induced into GPS, is set to zero. At the time of this manual’s 

promulgation, SA isset to zero. However, personnel involved with navigation must be aware that

DoD may select signal degradation regionally using SA or other tactics. Therefore, cutters

deploying abroad may require the use of PPS or other enhancements to ensure accurate fix

information is being received. When intentional GPS signal degradation such as SA is being used,

SPS shall be considered a Category II source, not adequate for navigation in Harbor, Harbor

Approach, Near Coastal and other restricted waters.

E. Fixes. 

1. Precautions. Cutters shall use all available data such as soundings, danger 

ranges/bearings, set and drift, and proximity to aids to navigation to fix the vessel’s 

position and improve on the DR plot. At any time fix quality comes into question,

particularly while operating in restricted waters, the following actions may be deemed 

appropriate depending on prevailing conditions:

a. Reducing speed as appropriate.

b. Take all way off.

c. Increase fix frequency.

d. Turning away from the danger.

2. Electronic. An electronically provided position when displayed on a chart froman

adequate positioning source, as defined in SectionCofthis chapter, constitutes a fix. This

includesradar or chart matching capability.

3. Paper. The intersection of lines of position (LOP) from at least three prominent points of

land,fixed, and/or celestial objects with a separation of 15 degrees or greater.

a. When using relative bearings, a minimum of two visual LOPs and one radar range shall

be used as capabilities allow.

b. When three LOPs are notsimultaneously available, advancing LOPsto a common time

to create a running fix may be used.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

2-3

c. Fixes will be labeled with the time and proper symbol.

4. Erasures. Fixesshall not be erased or deleted because they appearin error;rather,

another fix shall be taken immediately to ascertain the vessel’s position.

5. Intervals. The ship’s position shall be fixed at an interval that ensuressafe navigation with

due regard to the proximity ofshoal water, weather conditions, and mission, not to

exceed one hour.

6. Verification. Fixes shall be verified by all means including, in no particular order:

a. Soundings

b. Aids to Navigation (ATON)

c. Radar or other electronic means

d. Seaman’s eye

F. Charts. All charts used shall be of the best scale available for the circumstance. The “best scale”

may not always be the largest available scale, depending on navigational and operational

requirements.

1. Electronic Charts. Prior to use, electronic charts must be up-to-date in accordance

with Chapter 5.C of this Manual.

2. Paper Charts. Only up-to-date charts produced by an approved IHO will be used with

priority given to NOAA and NGA. Paper charts are considered to be up-to-date if they are

both themost current edition and corrected up to the latestLocal Notice to Mariners, Weekly 

Notice to Mariners, and Broadcast Notice to Mariners.

3. Allowances. Review chart and publication requirements and allowances annually, and

provide any requestsfor new products or allowance changes via the Chain of Command. 

Register/update unit contact information in the Account Management and Provisioning 

System (AMPS) annually or as account point of contact changes, whichever issooner.

G. Navigating with Paper Charts.

1. Set and Drift.

a. Iffix interval isthree minutes or greater,set and driftshall be determined at every fix.

b. Iffix interval islessthan threeminutes,set and driftshall be determined every second

fix.

c. Set and driftshall be applied to subsequent DRpositionsto determine an EP in the event

that planned fixes are not obtained.

d. When unable to maintain a steady course (i.e. vessel traffic avoidance becomes an
COMDTINST M3530.2D

2-4

issue),set and drift will be determined upon the second fix after it again becomes

possible to maintain a steady course.

2. Estimated Position. An estimated position (EP) is a Dead Reckoning position modified by

additional information, which in itself isinsufficient to establish a fix.

a. Verification. EPsshall be compared by using the available meanslisted in 2.C.5.

3. Dead Reckoning. A DR will be properly labeled and track projected for at least two fix

intervals. A properly maintained DR is the foundation for maintaining an acceptable estimate

of the ships position between fixes. The following are general rules used in constructing and

maintaining the Navigator’s plot.

a. Plot a DR position at least every hour on the hour in open ocean.

b. Plot a DR position at every course change.

c. Plot a DR position at every speed change.

d. Plot a DR position when obtaining a fix or running fix.

e. Plot a DR position when obtaining a single line of position.

f. A new course line shall be plotted from each fix or running fix.

4. Navigation Reports. At each fix interval, the Navigation Evaluator shall provide a navigation

report to the Conning Officer, as required by the Command Navigation Standards.

5. Report information. Navigation reportsshall be provided when using paper charts or an

electronic charting system. These reports may include:

a. Fix time.

b. Fix type (and quality, as appropriate).

c. Fix position in relation to proposed track.

d. Report CIC/CSC concurs, does not concur, or has no fix (if applicable).

e. Any recommendation to regain/maintain proposed track.

f. Nearest hazard to navigation.

g. Next aid to navigation.

h. Distance to next turn.

i. Time to next turn and turn bearing/range.

j. Course after next turn.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

2-5

k. Set and drift (as required).

l. Depth of water beneath the keel and comparison to charted depth.

m. Other pertinent information.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 3. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOAT NAVIGATION

A. General. This section applies to all shore based small boats and cutter boats operating outside the

direct sight of the cutter.

1. Paper chart fixes. When navigating with paper charts,fixesshall be plotted no more than 30

minute intervals. Fixes may be timed to coincide with OPS/position reporting to the

Operational Commander. Fixesshall become more frequent whenever the coxswain is

operating in an unfamiliar area and during periods of restricted visibility.

2. Dead Reckoning. Maintain a DeadReckoning plot asrequired by theCommand Navigation

Standards.

3. Boat’s Position. Any time the coxswain is uncertain of the boat’s position, the coxswain

shall take all way off or anchor if necessary until the boat’s position can be fixed.

B. Restricted Waters. 

1. Paper chart fixes. When navigating within restricted waters designated by theCO/OIC,

using paper charts, a fix shall be plotted at least every fifteen minutes.

2. Precautions. Coxswainstransiting close to navigation hazards and shoals, during restricted

visibility or darkness, or operating in an unfamiliar area shall operate the vessel with extreme

caution, which may include:

a. Coordinating the boat crewas a navigation teamto specifically observe the compass

heading, fathometer, radar, electronic navigation systems, or otherwise augment the

Coxswain’s navigational ability.

b. Reducing speed as appropriate for prevailing circumstances.

c. Take all way off as appropriate for prevailing conditions to review the navigational

picture.

d. Utilize navigational data such assoundings, dangerranges, or bearingsto verify position.

e. Increase fix frequency.

C. Boats Equipped with Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS)/Electronic Charting

System (ECS). The following boats are not required to place fixes on a paper chart unless

specifically stated in Command Navigation Standards:

1. Boats usingSINSorECSwith an adequate primary positioning source (electronic positionfixing system) and an up-to-date electronic chart.

D. Additional Requirements for Non-Standard Boat (NSB) Operations. At a minimum, CO/OIC

shall ensure NSBs(not including work/flood punts and ice skiffs) have the capability to obtain a fix

by electronic means (i.e. handheld or installed GPS, radar, chart plotter, etc.) excluding personal 

navigation applications that use cellular/GPS technology. (See paragraph 4.A.3.)
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COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 4. ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

A. Coast Guard Electronic Navigation Systems.

1. General. The Coast Guard has three general classifications of systems that are authorized for

use as the primary means of navigation as prescribed in this Manual. Each system has its own

unique capabilities and limitations. The type of system(s) installed varies by platform

throughout the Coast Guard. 

a. Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation System (ECINS)

b. Electronic Chart System (ECS)

c. Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS)

2. Restricting Applications. On computers designated specifically for navigation or situational

awareness, only the navigation program should be open. There shall be no other application

window open on a designated navigation computer while underway. 

3. Personal Navigation Applications. The use of personal navigation applications (APPs) using 

cellular/GPS technology is not approved for navigation aboard Coast Guard assets.

B. Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation System (ECINS).

1. General. The Coast Guard employs several ECINS that are intended to meet or to exceed

international requirements for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and

ECS, but include some deliberate additions to, and deviations from, the standards governing

those systems. 

2. General ECINS Usage.

a. ECINS may be used as the primary means of navigation in lieu of paper charts if the

following conditions are met:

(1) An adequate primary positioning source (see figure 2-1) is in use.

(2) Approved up-to-date electronic chart data as described in Chapter 5 is in use.

(3) Adequate back-up arrangements are available including:

a. Back-up Positioning Source. A positioning source from the same category as the

primary positioning source that does not rely on any elements in common with the

primary positioning source (e.g., a second GPS/DGPS receiver is not an adequate

back-up positioning source for a GPS/DGPS receiver). Examples of adequate backup positioning sources for GPS/DGPS include visual and/or radar lines of position
COMDTINST M3530.2D

4-2

entered into ECINS or radar/chart matching on ECINS.

b. Back-up Arrangements. Adequate back-up arrangements shall enable the continuous

operation of essential ECINS functions during a failure of the ECINS to ensure that a

failure does not result in a potentially dangerous situation. This includes a timely

transfer of route monitoring functions within one fix interval. 

 b. Enclosure (5) outlines paper chart carriage requirements while using ECINS as the primary

means of navigation. 

 c. In the case of failure of the primary electronic positioning source, where the ECINS is

otherwise fully functional, it shall be possible to navigate using other available positioning

sources with the ECINS. The cutter navigation team shall maintain proficiency in manually 

entering visual and radar LOPs. This is Mode II navigation as defined in this manual’s 

glossary.

3. System usage in Restricted Waters. This section establishes additional requirements while

transiting in or near restricted waters. 

a. Compare the primary positioning source to a back-up positioning source at least every third

fix. 

b. Maintain echo-sounding (i.e. fathometer) alarm on control unit or ECINS.

C. Electronic Chart System (ECS). The Coast Guard employs ECS that are based upon recognized

requirements, but include some deliberate additions to the international standards governing those

systems. 

1. ECS Usage by Cutters. An ECS is primarily used as a situational awareness tool, but may be

also used in the following manner:

a. ECS may be used as the primary means of navigation in open ocean in lieu of paper charts if

the following conditions are met:

(1) An adequate primary positioning source (see figure 2-1) is in use.

(2) Approved up-to-date electronic chart data as described in Chapter 5 is in use.

(3) An appropriate portfolio of paper charts is available to transfer the primary navigation

plot to paper within one fix interval.

(4) An ECINS is not available.

b. ECS may be used as a backup arrangement to ECINS if the following conditions are met:

(1) An adequate primary positioning source (see figure 2-1) is in use.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

4-3

(2) Approved up-to-date electronic chart data as described by Chapter 5 is in use.

(3) The planned route from the ECINS is in use on the ECS. 

(4) ECS meets requirements of 4.B.3. while in restricted waters. 

(5) Up-to-date paper charts*available for route transfer within one fix interval while in

restricted waters. (* Per Command Navigation Standards)

2. ECS Usage by Boats. ECS may be used as the primary means of navigation in all waters if the

following conditions are met:

a. An adequate primary positioning source (see figure 2-1) is in use.

b. Approved up-to-date electronic chart data as described in Chapter 5 is in use.

c. Coxswain observes radar, fathometer, visual ranges, and ATON in order to verify the 

displayed position.

d. Command promulgated standard waypoints and routes are used. (NOTE: Not required for 

cutter boats.)

e. Up-to-date paper charts are onboard to transfer the primary navigation plot to paper within

one fix interval. (NOTE: Not required for cutter boats.)

D. Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS) for Boats. The Coast Guard employs SINS that are

intended to meet international requirements for small craft radar. SINS include additional chart

plotting and limited navigational functionality. but do not meet standards for ECS. 

1. SINS Usage. SINS may be used as the primary means of navigation in all waters on boats if the

following conditions are met:

a. An adequate primary positioning source (see figure 2-1) is in use.

b. Approved up-to-date electronic chart data as described in Chapter 5 is in use.

c. Up-to-date paper charts are onboard to transfer the primary navigation plot to paper within

one fix interval.

d. Command promulgated standard waypoints and routes are used.

e. Coxswain observes radar, fathometer, visual ranges, and ATON in order to verify the

displayed position.

f. Depth alarms are set to the navigational draft.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

4-4

g. Cross Track Error alarm is enabled when navigating to a waypoint.

h. Radar and electronic chart data are displayed at all times. 

i. An ECS is not available for use.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

5-1

CHAPTER 5. ELECTRONIC CHART DATA

A. General. 

1. Data. Electronic charts consist of chart data that has been specifically developed for

presentation on electronic navigation systems.

2. Licensing. Licensing agreements associated with procured electronic chart data must be

followed and data sharing is not authorized.

3. Discrepancies. Chart Rendering, chart disk loading, and discrepancies in chart data for 

foreign waters shall be reported to the Navigation Center via priority message to COGARD 

NAVCEN ALEXANDRIA VA//NIS//. For ATON discrepancies on charts covering US 

waters, units shall ensure the appropriate district (dpw) office is notified via priority message 

traffic.

B. Approved Electronic Chart Data. TheCoast Guard has approved the following electronic chart

data for use with electronic navigation systems:

1. Electronic Navigational Charts(ENC). OfficialElectronic NavigationCharts(ENC) produced or

issued by or on the authority of a government authorized hydrographic office.

Note: ENC produced and certified under NOAA’s “Certified NOAA ENC Value Added

Distributor” (CEVAD) program are official data.

2. Digital Nautical Charts. Digital Nautical Charts(DNC) are produced and issued by the

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). DNC are published in general, coastal,

approach, and harborlibraries. These libraries may not correspond directly with Command

definitions of Navigational Zones contained in the Command Navigation Standards. DNC 

are updated monthly via VDU (Vector Data Update) patch provided on CD through NGA 

automatic distribution or by download directly from the NGA web-site. These charts have 

since been updated monthly using ALL available information provided by worldwide 

Official Hydrographic Offices. Like all charts, including paper, the data is only as accurate 

and timely as the host countries Hydrographic Office. Over dependence on navigation 

systems and data is an ever-present hazard, the best information lies in the buoy line and 

should be used with caution until the information has been verified. NGA paper charts are 

derived from the same database and the importance of reporting inaccuracies cannot be 

overstated.

3. Raster Navigational Chart. An officialRaster NavigationChart(RNC) produced orissued by

or on the authority of a government authorized hydrographic office.

4. Commercial products. Commercial vector and/orraster charts procured by orthrough the

Coast Guard Electronic Chart Manager.

C. Up-To-Date Electronic Chart Data. An Electronic Chart is considered up-to-date if it has been

corrected within the last forty-five days. The approved methods are:
COMDTINST M3530.2D

5-2

1. Full file. Full file replacement of the electronic chart data (e.g. cell, library, chart, or

chartlet).

2. Official updates. Applying official updates(e.g. ENCupdates,Vector Product Format

(VPF) Database Updates, or raster updates(patches)).

3. Manual. Manual corrections, using information provided by:

a. The cognizant hydrographic office (e.g. National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA),US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), National GeospatialIntelligence Agency (NGA), Canadian Hydrographic Services(CHS), United Kingdom

Hydrographic Office (UKHO) etc.)

b. Local Notice to Mariners.

c. Broadcast notifications(e.g. Broadcast Notice to Mariners, HYDROLANTS, etc.)

Note:Limited temporary corrections may be manually entered into the electronic

navigation system.

4. NOAA Updates. Weekly updated ENC and RNC are available for free download by

district or state from NOAA’s ENC mirror site. NOAA applies updates weekly to the

ENCs and RNCs on this site. It is highly recommended cutters download fresh charts

prior to getting underway and as often as connectivity allows.

NOAA ENC Mirror Site

http://www.charts.noaa.gov/ENCs/ENCs.shtml

NOAA RNC Mirror Site

http://www.charts.noaa.gov/RNCs/RNCs.shtml

5. Scalable Integrated Navigation System (SINS).

a. For SINS equipped vessels, an electronic chart is considered up-to-date if it has been

corrected or replaced within six months of a permanent chart change.

b. Upon notification of a temporary or permanent chart correction, SINSmay continue to be

used as primary means of navigation if the temporary or permanent chart corrections are

manually entered. In caseswhere the temporary or permanent chart correction cannot be

manually entered, SINS may continue to be used as the primary means of navigation if

an up-to-date paper chart is out and being used in conjunction with SINS.

D. Recommended Electronic Chart Type Hierarchy. Navigatorsshall consult the latest chart

advisories provided by theElectronicChart Manager. The following recommended hierarchy (Figure

5-1) isintended to aid with the chartselection process. Variances are allowed at the discretion of

the CO/OIC, provided they are spelled out in the Command Navigation Standards.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

5-3

Figure 5-1

E. Electronic Chart Data Selection. For electronic navigation systemsthatrender multiple chart

products,selecting the appropriate electronic chart product is based upon severalfactors. The

following steps are intended to help with the selection process:

1. Render. Determine what type of data the system can render.

2. Coverage. Determine the available coverage forthe area of operations. In U.S. coastal waters,

NOAA data shall take precedence. In U.S. inland waters(Western Rivers), United States 

Army Corps of Engineers data shall take precedence.

3. Scale. Select the bestscale chart productforthat area and forthe mission being conducted.

4. Up-to-date. Of the available chart products, determine which are up-to-date.

5. Scale/ Up-to-date. Scale andmost up-to-date must be weighed togetherin determining the

best chart for navigation.

F. Electronic Chart Data Scaling.

1. Viewing. Electronic chart data is most accurately viewed when displayed at itssource scale. 

Scaling/zooming in or out will distort the visually perceived relative distance between chart

objects. In addition, cursor-indicated positionsfor charted features vary when scaling the chart.

2. Display matching. When radar and electronic chart data are presented together on the same

display, the display shallmatch in scale, orientation and projection. Scaling out the Radar to 24

nm for example, when the electronic chart isscaled to only 3 nm can cause misinterpretations. 

Display Matching and Chart Matching are not the same, Chart Matching is a positioning 

source, Display Matching is not.

G. Notes on Electronic Chart Data Use. 

1. Vector vs. Raster Charts. 

a. Vector Charts. ENC and DNC are vector charts. In vector chart data, the real world is

portrayed as charted objectsthat are represented by lines, points, polygons(areas), and text. 

Thisrepresentation is described by attributes and coordinatesin a database. This database

can be queried and used forsuch functionssuch as anti-grounding alerts.

Official ENC

DNC Waters not covered by NOAA

Official RNC

Commercial Vector Chart

Commercial Raster Chart (i.e. Caribbean and Central America Data)
COMDTINST M3530.2D

5-4

 NOTE 

b. Raster Charts. In RNCs, the real world is portrayed using bitmap images. The image

is made up of cellsin a grid that are comprised of color and position information. A

cell is often referred to as a picture element or pixel. Each pixel has an assigned

position. Essentially, a raster chart lookslike a digital picture of a paper chart. This

chart data does not have the ability to be queried, and when used, alarms are not

available asthey are with ENC and DNC.

2. Chart Symbology.

a. NOAA’s RNCs are the only charts that use US Chart 1 Symbology.

b. ENCdata is presented using IHOChartINT1 (maintained in the IHOECDIS Presentation

library).

c. DNC data is presented using NGA’s Geospatial Symbols for Digital Displays,

which is harmonized with IHO ECDIS Presentation Library and IHO Chart INT 1.

d. RNCotherthan NOAA’sRNCare based on InternationalChart 1 and contain variants as

determined by the producer.

3. Situational awareness use. Some electronic charts procured and distributed by the

Coast Guard are forsituational use only. Section 3.A of the Electronic Chart General

Information And Advisement for US Coast Guard Cutters, available at the Cutter Forces

Website at the following link; http://cgweb.comdt.uscg.mil/CG-51/programs/NAV.htm

“E-Chart General Info Advisement for CG Cutters” addressesinformation about charts

clearly labeled as derived from private source data and Caribbean RNCs which may

contain questionable datum.

When using vector format electronic chart data products, some 

charted features with navigational significance can be hidden from 

view IF:

(a) The chart is zoomed/scaled out too far. Chart features such as 

soundings and buoys may disappear for de-cluttering 

purposes.

(b) The chart is zoomed/scaled in too far. “Area” features cannot be 

distinguished from “line” features.

(c) Specific charted features/layers have been removed from the 

display by a user.

(d) Time varying objects exist on the chart in use. (Seasonal ATON 

can be set to automatically be removed from the display during 

the scheduled removal dates per the Light List).
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 6. CELESTIAL NAVIGATION

General. This section states the basic requirements for celestial navigation. Nothing in this section shall

be construed so as to relieve members of their responsibility for the completion of celestial navigation

portions of references (g) and (h).

A. Proficiency.

1. Cutter class. WAGB, WMSL, WHEC, WMEC, WIX and D14/D17 WLB class cutters, shall

maintain proficiency in the art of celestial navigation.

2. Proficient. To be considered proficient, cutters must be able to:

a. Determine the time of sunrise and sunset.

b. Determine the time of moonrise and moonset.

c. Determine gyro error by azimuth of the sun or other celestial body.

d. Determine gyro error by amplitude of the sun or other celestial body.

e. Obtain an LOP from the sun.

f. Observe Local Apparent Noon (LAN). Reduce sighting and determine ship’s latitude.

g. Obtain the ship’s position by reducing celestial objects to a fix.

h. Compute latitude and gyro error by Polaris. 

3. Opportunities. Weather and operations permitting, cutters shall take advantage of opportunities

to maintain proficiency in celestial navigation.

4. Training. Units are highly encouraged to access the Celestial Training program located under

the Training and Education section of the Learning Management System on the CG Portal.

B. Requirements. 

1. Documentation. All celestial work must be documented in the ship’s Navigation Workbook. 

2. Computer computations. Units using the System to Estimate Latitude and Longitude

Astronomically (STELLA) computer software application to perform celestial computations

shall follow the guidelines in Chapter 8.

3. Chronometers. Chronometers are no longer required to be carried onboard. Observation

time(s) can be obtained from an electronic clock that is synchronized with the GPS time signal.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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COMDTINST M3530.2D

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CHAPTER 7. NAVIGATION PLANNING AND BRIEFS

A. Navigation Planning.

1. Purpose. Navigation planning encompasses the development of long and short term plans as

well as contingency plans for a mission. Command Navigation Standards, Standing Orders,

operational bills and navigation checklists constitute pre-established long-term operational

plans for safe and successful navigation. These plans provide a framework for executing a

mission, and may be tailored to meet the unique requirements of each mission. The plan may

be very elaborate, consisting of complete tracklines, piloting procedures, patrol areas, etc. or

simply a brief to the crew before launching a boat.

2. Reference Publications. Up-to-date nautical and hydrographic publications (or the electronic

equivalents) should be consulted during the development of these plans. For example:

a. Coast Pilot.

b. Fleet Guides.

c. Sailing Directions.

d. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 33.

e. OPORDERS.

f. Coast Guard Navigation Center, Navigation Information Service.

g. Naval Operating Area Instructions.

h. Light List (s) and List of Lights.

i. Radio Aids to Navigation, PUB 117.

j. Notices to Mariners, Local Notices to Mariners, Broadcast Notices to Mariners, and

Notices to shipping, as applicable.

k. NAVAREA, HYDROLANT, HYDROPAC Messages.

l. Tide Tables.

m. Tidal Current Tables.

n. Nautical Almanac.

o. Navigation Rules, International- Inland, COMDTINST M16672.2 (series)

p. Local weather resources.

q. Other local navigation guides.

B. Chart Preparations. As per reference (a), the Navigator is charged with preparing a safe and prudent

navigation plan for the movement of the cutter. The Navigator shall review all bridge and CIC

charts to ensure hazards to navigation along the intended route, including overhead obstructions,

prohibited areas and shoal water, are properly displayed and highlighted. Charts with tracklines in

restricted waters shall be reviewed by both the Navigator and Assistant Navigator and presented for

CO approval. The ship’s intended route shall be identical on all paper and electronic charts used for
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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navigation and labeled with the true course of each track leg. Ships without a gyrocompass may

label courses with only magnetic courses in all waters.

1. Paper Chart Preparations. All items included in sections (a) and (b) of this section must be the

same on all bridge and CIC charts.

a. Paper charts in restricted waters. All tracklines on paper charts used in restricted

waters shall be labeled with the following:

(1) True Course

(2) Magnetic Course

(3) Distance of each track leg.

(4) Danger bearings/ ranges to navigational hazards not marked by navigation aids.

(5) Turn bearings/ ranges.

(6) Slide lines for advance and transfer based on the ship’s tactical data for the intended

speed/ rudder combination.

(7) Visual and radar navigation points must be pre-marked and listed in a gazetteer as 

defined in Section E.8 of Chapter 8.

b. Paper charts in water other than restricted. All tracklines on paper charts used outside of

restricted waters shall be labeled with the following:

(1) True Course.

(2) Magnetic Course.

c. Chart shifts.

(1) Chart shifts should be labeled on all charts.

(2) Bridge and CIC shall not shift paper charts at the same time, nor shall they shift during,

or immediately prior to a turn. The bridge or CIC/CSC shall have a fix plotted before

the next station shifts charts.

2. Electronic chart preparations. 

a. Electronic Charts in restricted waters. If the system permits, all tracklines on electronic

charts used in restricted waters shall be labeled with the following:

(1) True Course.

(2) Magnetic Course.

b. Electronic charts in all water. The Navigator shall consult electronic chart products available

along the intended route to ensure all available updates for the area have been accounted for.

C. Navigation Briefs. The Navigator is charged with preparing and presenting a navigation brief prior

to getting underway, entering port and, if possible, prior to entering restricted waters. Navigation

brief duration, content and attendance may be tailored to meet the requirements of safe navigation. 

The Navigator and Commanding Officer shall review and sign the navigation brief.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

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1. Required information. Navigation briefs shall include the following information, when

applicable.

a. Anticipated time of setting the Special Sea Detail, Anchoring and Mooring Bills,

Engineering Restricted Maneuvering Doctrine and Navigation Detail.

b. Assignment of Navigation Team positions and review of duties as outlined in Enclosure

(3).

c. Paper chart selection and/or electronic chart selection, specific type (i.e. ENC, DNC,

etc), and any known chart offset.

d. Chart shifts.

e. Review of charts and intended track including results of scanned route.

f. Restricted, prohibited, and cautionary areas along intended track.

g. Chart datum (i.e. WGS 84) and verification of positioning source datum

h. Planned fix interval.

i. Maximum allowable deviation from track and confirmation that electronic chart cross

track warnings are aligned with max deviation from track, if applicable.

j. Planned speed of advance and maximum safe speed.

k. Intended speed/ rudder combination for turns, if different than specified standards.

l. IALA buoyage system and whether inbound or outbound.

m. Expected sightings and descriptions of key aids to navigation.

n. ATON discrepancies along track or other items of note from LNM or current BNM.

o. Navigation equipment status.

p. ECINS/ECS back up arrangement, if applicable.

q. Status of electronic position fixing systems (GPS/DGPS) to include expected accuracy and

outages.

r. Engineering plant status.

s. Hazards to navigation, danger bearings/ranges, danger soundings, navigation warnings,

bridge vertical clearances, bridge signals and radio capability.

t. Areas where the cutter can/cannot anchor in an emergency.

u. Anticipated traffic (cutters should avoid meeting Deep Draft vessels at turns or

intersections). Traffic should be verified against AIS.

v. Traffic Separation Schemes.

w. Port or Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) requirements including speed limits, pilotage, and

check in points.

x. Environmental considerations including tides, currents, weather, and environmentally

sensitive areas (i.e. marine sanctuaries). NOTE: Tide and current data should be

available at all conning stations and CIC, if applicable.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

7-4

y. Communication requirements.

z. Mooring or anchoring arrangements including time to moor/ unmoor and berth heading.

aa. Review of pertinent information from Fleet Guide and Coast Pilot.

bb. Ordnance disposal areas.

cc. AIS mode to be used (i.e. normal, receive only, encrypted, etc).

dd. Risk assessment (i.e. GAR) in accordance with reference (e).

2. Debriefs. Cutters are encouraged to conduct debriefs following navigation evolutions to

evaluate and recognize performance.

D. Boat Crew Briefs. A boat crew brief shall be conducted prior to getting underway and prior to

entering restricted waters. Crew briefs shall be tailored to meet the requirements of the specific

mission.

1. Requirements. Crew briefs shall include the following information, when applicable:

a. Conduct risk assessment (i.e. GAR) in accordance with reference (e).

b. Crew position assignments.

c. Review of charts and intended track/ patrol area.

d. Safe speed for mission and/or conditions.

e. Hazards to navigation.

f. Anticipated traffic.

g. Environmental considerations including tides, currents, weather (e.g. winds, precipitation,

visibility) and environmentally sensitive sea areas (e.g. marine sanctuaries).

h. Agreed-upon rendezvous/recovery point for cutter small boats.

2. Debriefs. A debrief shall be conducted post mission to evaluate and recognize performance.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

8-1

CHAPTER 8. CUTTER LOGS, RECORDS AND CHECKLISTS

A. General. This section outlines the procedures and requirements for maintaining navigational

records. 

a. Electronic Logs. 

1. ECINS use. Units using an ECINS and an approved fluxgate (self-calibrating electro-magnetic

compass) input as their primary means of navigation are authorized to use the system’s voyagerecording feature in lieu of the Ship Position Log, Standard Bearing Book, and Navigation Data

Sheet (CG-4380C) if the following information, at a minimum, is recorded by the system. 

a. Date/Time.

b. Primary positioning source in use.

c. Latitude/ longitude position from primary positioning system.

d. Course over ground (COG)/ Speed over ground (SOG).

e. True heading.

f. Logged speed.

g. Chart in use by the system.

h. Visual/ Radar objects and LOPs used (if applicable).

i. Depth. 

2. Compass Checks and Deviation Tables. If the cutter meets the requirement of 8.A.1. above,

compass checks normally recorded in the Navigation Data Sheet are no longer required. It is

recommended that OODs verbally receive a compass check every half hour and on every course

change. Additionally, cutters equipped with approved flux gate magnetic compasses are not 

required to post deviation tables but are required to ensure that the compasses and all remote 

repeaters are operating within the limits specified in the manufacturer’s technical manuals. These 

compasses, at a minimum, should be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s 

instructions annually and immediately following major maintenance availabilities and be 

recorded in the unit’s smooth log. The compasses should further be checked for accuracy before 

every underway period.

3. Maintenance. 

a. Electronic navigation records shall be printed out or saved on removable media and

maintained locally for three years after the date of the final entry, then should be destroyed/

deleted.

b. Removable media storage. Units storing records on removable media must ensure the

records remain readable on the currently installed system throughout the three-year period.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

8-2

B. Deck Logs. The Deck Log (CG-4380A, CG-4380B and CG-4380C) shall be maintained in

accordance with reference (j).

C. Ship Position Log (OPNAV 3100/3). A Ship Position Log is a record of latitude and longitude

positions and soundings from all positioning sources and shall be used during coastal and open

ocean navigation. When visual or bearings and Radar ranges are used to determine the cutter’s

position, the Ship Position Log may be secured and the Standard Bearing Book may be used. This

log shall be maintained locally for three years after the date of the final entry, and then should be

destroyed.

D. Standard Bearing Book (OPNAV 3530/2). The Standard Bearing Book is a record of the data

obtained to determine the ship’s position by visual bearings, sextant angles, radar ranges and

electronic LOPs. It is available in the National Stock System and shall be maintained in accordance

with the procedures described below. The Standard Bearing Book shall be kept locally for three

years after the date of the final entry, and then should be destroyed. A bound log book may be used 

if the Standard Bearing Book is unavailable.

1. Chart number. The chart number in use shall be recorded at the top of the initial page each day. 

Each shift of charts shall be noted in the first available blank line.

2. Time zone and date. The time zone and date shall be indicated.

3. Radar ranges. Radar ranges shall be labeled YD (yards) or NM (nautical miles).

4. Soundings. Soundings shall be recorded at the time each fix is obtained and labeled FT (feet),

FM (fathoms) or M (meters).

5. Bearings. All bearings are true, unless otherwise indicated by R (relative) or M (magnetic). 

When shifting to relative, the shift shall be noted on the first available blank line and the ship’s

heading shall be recorded with each fix.

6. Abbreviations. All abbreviations shall be in accordance with reference (l).

7. Gyro/Radar error. Gyro error shall be recorded at the top of the initial page each day. Any

revised gyro error shall be noted in the first available blank line. Radar range error, if

determined shall be entered at the top of the initial page each day.

8. Navigation aids. A list of navigation aids must be maintained in the bearing book or maintained

as part of a gazetteer containing lists of charted objects for all piloting charts. If a gazetteer is

maintained, it must be kept in close proximity to the plotting station for ready reference. Object

lists must include the chart number, proper object name, latitude and longitude, and alphanumeric designation of the object. Object lists maintained in CIC and the Bridge must be

identical.

9. Signature. At the end of the watch or navigation detail the bearing recorder shall sign the

Standard Bearing Book on the next available line.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

8-3

E. Navy Navigation Workbook (OPNAV 3530/1). The Navy Navigation Workbook is a record of

observations and computations used for navigation of the ship. This shall include data relating to

celestial lines of position, tides, currents and gyro error. In view of the large amount of data that

may be recorded, ships may organize data into separate notebooks as directed by the CO/OIC. The

Navigator shall review each computation and sign the workbook as appropriate. The workbook and

all electronic records shall be kept locally for three years after the date of the final entry, and then

should be destroyed.

1. Computer computations. When using software for computations, the results may be printed out

and maintained with the navigation workbook or stored electronically, in a retrievable format. 

2. STELLA. Units using STELLA software to perform celestial computations must print out the

STELLA navigation log after each celestial observation and attach the print out to the workbook.

3. Strip forms. Locally prepared strip forms, if used, shall be affixed to or recorded in the

workbook.

4. Calculator use. If calculators are used, enough data must be recorded in the workbook to

reconstruct the computation.

F. Combat Information Center (CIC)/Combat Support Center (CSC) Navigation Log. The purpose of

the CIC/CSC Navigation Log is to provide a record of the data obtained to determine the ship’s

position by radar when navigating on paper charts. When in use, it shall be maintained by CIC/CSC

in accordance with the procedures described below. The CIC Navigation Log shall be kept locally

for three years after the date of the last entry, and then shall be destroyed.

1. Page labeling. The date, chart number and gyro error shall be entered at the top of each page. 

Any revised gyro error shall be noted in the log. The radar range error, if determined, shall be

entered at the top of the initial page each day. 

2. Fix recording. The following information shall be recorded at the time of each fix:

a. Identification of landmarks used.

b. Ship’s position relative to track.

c. Recommended course and speed.

d. Nearest shoal water.

e. Distance to turn.

f. Time to turn.

g. Nearest aid to navigation.

h. Sounding at the time each fix is obtained, labeled FT (feet), FM (fathoms) or M (meters).

i. Set and drift (as required).

j. Any pertinent remarks (e.g. Conn does /does not concur).
COMDTINST M3530.2D

8-4

3. Securing the log. When the navigation detail is secured, an entry shall be made on the next

available line in the log. A single line shall be drawn through the remainder of the page with the

log keeper’s signature appearing on the line. 

4. Radar ranges. Radar ranges shall be recorded in yards (YDS) or nautical miles (NM).

5. Abbreviations. All abbreviations shall be in accordance with U.S. Chart 1, Nautical Chart

Symbols and Abbreviations, unless promulgated separately in the log.

6. Navigation aids. Requirements are the same as those of 8.E.8 above. 

G. Captain’s Night Orders. The Captain’s Night Order Book has been traditionally maintained in a

bound ledger or loose-leaf form. The orders for each night are written and signed by the

commanding officer as required by reference (a). They include such items as courses and speeds to

be maintained throughout the night, expected sightings, engineering data, the tactical situation, and

supplementary orders to the Officer of the Deck (OOD). CO/OICs may optionally use electronic

media to convey night orders to the crew. With either option, safeguards must be in place to ensure

that the Deck Watch Officers and other key personnel acknowledge the orders. The Captain’s Night

Order Book shall be retained on board for three years after the date of the last entry, then should be

destroyed. Classified Nightly Battles Orders or Fighting Intentions are optional and in addition to

Night Orders. Their use depends upon the threats that may be encountered by a unit.

H. Checklists. Getting underway and entering port/ approaching restricted waters checklists shall be

created, maintained and completed in accordance with enclosures (7) and (8). Checklists shall be

maintained locally for 90 days after completion of the evolution, and then destroyed. 

I. Record Retention. In accordance with reference (j), regardless of any authorization contained in this 

manual, records directly related to the following matters shall not be destroyed until final clearance 

or settlement:

1. Claim. An outstanding claim for or against the United States.

2. Litigation. A case under litigation.

3. Investigation. An incomplete investigation. 
COMDTINST M3530.2D

9-1

CHAPTER 9. ANCHORING

A. General. This section states the basic requirements for anchoring. Ships shall maintain navigational 

awareness while approaching an anchorage, while anchored, and while weighing anchor. 

B. Proficiency.

1. Cutter class. All cutters shall maintain proficiency in anchoring in accordance with reference 

(b). Precision anchoring drills may be tailored to the capabilities of each individual cutter class.

2. Proficient. To be considered proficient, cutters must be able to:

a. Prepare appropriate charts or plotting sheets for a precision anchorage. 

b. Approach an anchorage or precision anchorage.

c. Anchor the ship.

d. Determine ship’s position while at anchor.

e. Weigh anchor. 

3. Opportunities. Weather and operations permitting, cutters shall take advantage of opportunities 

to maintain proficiency in anchoring.

C. Requirements. 

1. Documentation. The Ship’s Log shall include: time of anchorage, depth of water, anchor used, 

scope of chain, type of bottom, ship’s head, and bearings to objects designated by the Navigator. 

The anchor watch shall use the ship’s Standard Bearing Book to record time, DGPS position, 

ship’s head, bearings to objects designated by the Navigator, and depth of water. 

2. Calculations. 

a. The Letting Go Circle is drawn around the center of the anchoring location with a radius 

equal to the distance from the hawsepipe to the pelorus or radar antenna. 

b. The Swing Circle is drawn from the anchoring location with a radius equal to length of the 

vessel plus the length of anchor chain released. 

c. The Drag Circle is equal to the distance from the hawsepipe to pelorus or radar antenna, 

plus the length of the anchor chain released. 

3. Navigation Team Responsibilities. (In addition to responsibilities listed in Enclosure 3 of this 

document.)

a. Determine Set and Drift as soon as possible when approaching the anchorage to account for 

it in course recommendations.
COMDTINST M3530.2D

9-2

b. As the anchor is let go, the navigation team shall immediately mark a round of bearings, 

ranges and record the ship’s head. 

c. After the fix is plotted, a line is extended from the fix in the direction of the ship’s head, 

and hawsepipe to pelorus distance is marked along the line, thus plotting the position of the 

anchor at the moment that it was let go.

d. The navigation team shall continue to take fixes until it is determined the anchor is holding.

e. Various anchor dragging alarms and plotting options are in existence on approved ECINS 

and shall be used in lieu of paper chart/plotting sheet if the system is fully operational.
Appendix A to COMDTINST M3530.2D

A-1

Appendix A. Glossary of Terms

TERM DEFINITION

Antigrounding

Alarm

A function within electronic navigation systems that uses hydrographic

data contained in vector format electronic chart data to alert the

mariner when the vessel is approaching any charted feature that is

located at a depth less than the navigational draft set by the operator. 

(i.e. spot sounding/depth contour or land). Also see sounding alarm.

Back-up

Positioning

Source

A positioning source from the same category as the primary

positioning source that does not rely on any elements in common with

the primary positioning source (e.g., a second GPS/DGPS receiver is

not an adequate back-up positioning source for a GPS/DGPS receiver). 

Examples of adequate back-up positioning sources for GPS/DGPS

include visual and/or radar lines of position entered into ECINS or

radar and/or chart matching on ECINS.

Back-up

System

A fully integrated redundancy within the ECINS (e.g., an ECINS with

multiple computers), dual-redundant ECINS, or a separate independent

ECINS or ECS, providing adequate back-up arrangements that enable

the continuous operation of essential ECINS functions during a failure

of the ECINS to ensure that a failure does not result in a potentially

dangerous situation. This includes a timely transfer of route

monitoring functions.

Digital

Nautical Chart

(DNC)

A vector database produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence

Agency (NGA). A DNC contains all the chart information necessary

for safe navigation, and may contain supplementary information in

addition to that contained on a paper chart (e.g., fleet guide).

Electronic

Chart Display

and

Information

System

(ECDIS)

A navigation information system which with adequate backup

arrangements can be accepted as complying with the up-to-date chart

required by regulation V/19 and V/27 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention,

as amended, by displaying selected information from an ENC with

positional information from navigation sensors to assist the mariner in

route planning and route monitoring, and if required displaying

additional navigation-related information. 

Electronic

Charting and

Integrated

Navigation

System

Electronic navigation systems in use by the Coast Guard that are

intended to meet or exceed international requirements for ECDIS, but,

include some deliberate additions to, and deviations from, the

standards governing those systems.

 Coast Guard requirements for ECINS functionality are primarily
Appendix A to COMDTINST M3530.2D

A-2

TERM DEFINITION

(ECINS)(cont.) (cont.) derived from the international standards for Electronic Chart

Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) and Integrated Navigation

Systems (INS), with additional required capabilities taken from the

U.S. Navy ECDIS Policy and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO) Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on Warship ECDIS

(WECDIS). 

Electronic

Chart

Manager

USCG Navigation Center (NAVCEN) is designated to approve

electronic chart data for navigation and procure and distribute

approved electronic chart data for electronic navigation systems

employed within the Coast Guard.

Electronic

Chart System

(ECS)

Electronic navigation systems that are based upon recognized

requirements. ECS in use by the Coast Guard include some deliberate

additions to the international standards governing those systems.

Electronic

Navigational

Chart (ENC)

A vector database, standardized as to content, structure and format

issued by or on the authority of a government authorized hydrographic

office or other relevant government institution, and conforming to

relevant IHO standards. An ENC contains all the chart information

necessary for safe navigation, and may contain supplementary

information in addition to that contained in a paper chart (e.g., sailing

directions), which may be considered necessary for safe navigation. 

In U.S. coastal waters, official ENC data is produced by the National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean

Service (NOS) Office of Coast Survey (OCS). In U.S. inland waters,

official Inland ENC (I-ENC) data is produced by the US Army Corps

of Engineers (USACE).

Modes of

Navigation

Mode I-Operating ECINS as primary navigation IAW Chap 4.B

verifying GPS/DGPS with radar overlay, chart matching, or VIS/RAD

LOPs.

Mode II-Operating ECINS as primary navigation IAW Chap 4.B. 

entering VIS/RAD LOPs. This mode is largely used as back-up or in

the event primary positioning is lost.

Mode III-Traditional paper navigation using approved positioning

source with VIS/RAD LOPs to verify.
Appendix A to COMDTINST M3530.2D

A-3

TERM DEFINITION

Raster Format The real world is portrayed by a scanned image, essentially a digital

picture of a paper chart. The image is made up of a rectangular grid

comprised of color and position information for each location on the

grid. Such a location is often referred to as a picture element or pixel. 

Examples of raster format electronic chart data used in the Coast

Guard include BSB format (used by contractors to produce the NOAA

RNC product and the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) RNC

product), Hydrographic Chart Raster Format (HCRF) (used by the

United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) for their Admiralty

Raster Chart (ARCS) product and Australian Hydrographic Service

for their Seafarer RNC product).

Raster

Navigational

Chart (RNC)

A facsimile of a paper chart produced by or issued on the authority of a

government authorized hydrographic office.

In the U.S., official RNC data is produced by the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS)

Office of Coast Survey (OCS).

Scalable

Integrated

Navigation

System (SINS)

for Boats

Navigation systems that are intended to meet international

requirements for small craft radar. SINS include additional chart

plotting and limited navigational functionality but do not meet the

standards for ECS.

Slide line

(Wheelover)

A line plotted on the paper chart parallel to the next track leg, used to

account for cross-track error when determining wheel-over point.

Sounding

Alarm

A function, using the fathometer, which alerts the mariner when the

vessel encounters a specific depth beneath the keel. Also see Antigrounding alarm.

Turn Bearing A bearing to a charted object marking a specific point along the trackline at which the vessel should begin its turn (wheel-over point).

Turn Range A range to a charted object marking a specific point along the trackline at which the vessel should begin its turn (wheel-over point).

Up-To-Date

Paper Charts

Paper Charts are considered to be up-to-date if all available corrections

from Notice to Mariners, Local Notices to Mariners, and other

applicable sources have been applied.
Appendix A to COMDTINST M3530.2D

A-4

TERM DEFINITION

Up-To-Date

Electronic

Charts

Electronic Charts are considered up-to-date if they have been corrected

within the last forty five days using one of the following methods:

1. Full-file replacement of the electronic chart data (e.g. cell,

library, chart and chartlet).

2. Applying official updates (e.g. ENC updates, VPF Database

Updates, raster updates (patches)).

3. Manual corrections, using information provided by:

a. The cognizant hydrographic office (e.g. NOAA, CHS,

UKHO, etc).

b. Local Notice to Mariners.

c. Broadcast notifications (e.g. Broadcast Notice to

Mariners, HydroLants, etc.)

Note: For SINS equipped vessels, an electronic chart is considered upto-date if it has been corrected or replaced within six months of a

permanent chart change.

Vector Format The real world is portrayed as points, lines and polygons, with text

labels. This representation is derived from objects and attributes in a

database. This database can be queried and can be used for such

functions as Anti-Grounding alerts. 

Examples of vector format electronic chart data used in the Coast

Guard include ENC, Inland ENC, DNC®, TX-97 (a proprietary format

of Transas), NTX (a proprietary format used by OSI) and CM93 (a

proprietary format of C-Map).
Appendix B to COMDTINST M3530.2D

B-1

Appendix B. List of Acronyms

ACRONYM DEFINITION

AOR Area of Responsibility

ATON Aids to Navigation

CHS Canadian Hydrographic Service

CIC Combat Information Center

CO/OIC Commanding Officer/Officer- in-Charge

COMDAC-INS Command and Display Control Integrated Navigation System

CSC Combat Support Center

DGPS Differential Global Positioning System

DNC Digital Nautical Chart

DoD Department of Defense

DR Dead Reckoning

ECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System

ECINS Electronic Charting and Integrated Navigation System

ECS Electronic Chart System

ENC Electronic Navigational Chart

EP Estimated Position

GPS Global Positioning System

IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities

IHO International Hydrographic Organization

LNTM Local Notice to Mariners

LOP Line of Position

MOB Man Overboard

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NSB Non-standard Boat

NTM Notice to Mariners

OPCON Operational Commander

OSI Offshore Systems International

PPS Precise Positioning Service

RNC Raster Navigational Chart

SA Selective Availability

SINS Scalable Integrated Navigation System

SIRVSS Shipboard Infrared Visual Sensor System

SMEF System Management & Engineering Facility
Appendix B to COMDTINST M3530.2D

B-2

ACRONYM DEFINITION

SOLAS Saving Of Lives At Sea

SPS Standard Positioning Service

STANAG Standardization Agreement

STELLA System To Estimate Latitude and Longitude Astronomically

UKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic Office

VPF Vector Product Format

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System

WECDIS Warship Electronic Chart Display and Information System
Encl (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

1

Navigation Plotting Symbols

Single line of position

(Same for visual and electronic LOP)

1330

Visual fix

1440

Distance arc or range

Advanced LOP

Original time and time LOP advanced to

Electronic fix

1503

Electronic fix

using radar ranges

1524

1420-

1440

1230
Encl (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

2

Running fix

1100 - 1112 1112

1112 R Fix Continued on Chart 11411

Chart shift

1600

DR position.

C-090

S-18

0800

Actual course line

between a fix and an EP

1730

1730 1730

Estimated Position (EP) based

on DR position and single LOP

1620

EP based on two LOPs.

1105 - 1112

0745
Encl (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

3

1230 1245 1300

DR course line

Trackline. Used 

between intended waypoints.

1610

1715

Two visual bearings

and one radar range

Two radar ranges

and one visual bearing.

0700

C-090

S-15

0715

0730

0730

0730

0745

0745

0745 R Fix

0730 - 0745

0800

C-090

S-15

0815

Examples of a DR course line with an EP and a DR course line with a running fix

C-090

S-15

WP1 WP2

C-090T / 087M

S-18.3 / D-17NM
Encl (1) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

4

Stack

NLT 075

Danger bearing No Less Than 075 Deg T

NGT 090

Spire

Danger bearing No Greater Than 090 Deg T
Encl (2) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

1

Line Handling Commands

This enclosure provides a list of standard line handling commands and may be tailored as

appropriate to meet the requirements of Chapter 1. 

COMMAND ACTION

PUT OVER/PASS

(line number)

Pass the specified line to the pier and provide enough slack to allow line

handlers to place the line over the bitt, cleat or bollard.

HOLD (line number) Do not let any more line out even though the risk of parting may exist. 

CHECK (line

number)

Hold heavy tension on the specified line but render it as necessary to

prevent parting the line.

SURGE (line

number)

Hold moderate tension on a line but render it enough to permit

movement of the ship.

EASE (line number) Let a line out until it is under less tension, but not slacked.

SLACK (line

number)

Take all tension off a line.

TAKE THE SLACK

OUT OF (line

number)

Take all the slack out of a line, but do not take a strain.

SHIFT (line number) Move a line to the specified location.

HEAVE AROUND

ON (line number)

Take a strain on a line.

TAKE (line number)

TO POWER

Take the specified line to the capstan or gypsy head and make ready to

heave around (DO NOT heave around until told to do so).

SINGLE UP (line

number)

Take in all but one bight so there remains a single part to the line. May

also be used to single up all normal mooring lines.

DOUBLE UP (line

number)

Pass an additional bight on the specified line so there are three parts to

the line. This may also be used to double up all normal mooring lines. 

Cutters without sufficient mooring line for three parts should just pass

the bitter end of the single up to the pier.
Encl (2) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

2

COMMAND ACTION

AVAST or AVAST

HEAVING

Stop taking a strain on a line with capstan. 

TAKE IN (line

number)

Allow the pier line handler enough slack to take the line off the fitting

and bring the line aboard. Used when secured with your own line.

CAST OFF (line

number)

When you are secured with another ship’s lines, it means to cast off the

ends of their lines. 
Encl (3) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

1

Cutter Navigation Teams.

A. Bridge Navigation Team Organization. Bridge Navigation Team members shall complete

applicable sections of reference (f) and/or cutter specific Job Qualification Requirements

(JQR) for their assigned billets in accordance with reference (b). Navigation Team positions

shall be assigned as appropriate for the method of navigation in use. The following are

standard navigation team positions and duties:

1. Navigation Evaluator. If not the Navigator, this person is responsible to the Navigator

and shall:

a. Coordinate the actions of all bridge navigation team members. 

b. Use all available information to ensure the safe passage of the vessel including

electronic fixes plotted on a paper chart, or displayed on an electronic navigation

system. 

c. Evaluate fix accuracy from the Bridge and Combat Information/Support Center

(CIC/CSC) (if equipped).

d. Evaluate ship’s projected movements.

e. Make reports to the Conning Officer as specified by the Command Navigation

Standards. 

2. Navigation Plotter. The Navigation Plotter should not be the same individual as the

Navigation Evaluator unless cutter personnel strength precludes this. The Navigation

Plotter shall maintain the navigation plot as follows:

a. Paper chart navigation:

(1) Plot and label each fix on the chart in use. 

(2) Extend the DR at least two fix intervals.

(3) Compute set and drift since last fix.

(4) Identify nearest hazard to navigation.

(5) Determine time and distance to the next course change.

(6) Revise turn bearings. 

(7) Complete other tasks as directed by the navigator/navigation evaluator. 

b. Electronic navigation:

(1) Plot various types of fixes as applicable, based on the installed electronic

navigation system.
Encl (3) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

2

(2) Complete other tasks as directed by the Navigator/Navigation Evaluator. 

3. Bearing Book Recorder. When the cutter is navigating with paper charts, the recorder

shall:

a. Maintain the Standard Bearing Book (OPNAV 3530/2 or equivalent) in accordance

with this Manual. 

b. Maintain communications with the Bearing Takers.

c. Mark fixes at intervals specified by the Navigation Evaluator.

d. Pass pertinent information to the Navigation Plotter/Navigation Evaluator.

4. Bearing Takers. 

a. Obtain accurate bearings to navigation aids designated by the Navigation

Plotter/Navigation Evaluator. 

b. Advise the Navigation Plotter regarding the navigation aids available for use,

including when navigation aids are acquired visually or lost from sight.

5. Bridge Radar Observer. 

a. Provide all radar navigation data as directed by the Navigation Plotter/Navigation

Evaluator. 

b. Perform the duties of Shipping Officer/Radar Operator on cutters without a CIC/CSC.

6. Leadsman. Pass soundings to the bridge navigation team for comparison with the

fathometer and charted depth.

B. CIC/CSC Navigation Team Organization. CIC/CSC Navigation Team members shall

complete applicable sections of reference (f) and/or cutter specific JQR for their assigned

billets in accordance with the reference (b). On cutters without a CIC/CSC, some sections of

this PQS may be applicable for the Bridge Navigation Team (e.g., shipping officer, shipping

radar operator). On cutters without an appropriately equipped CIC/CSC, a secondary 

Navigation Team shall be positioned on the bridge or other suitable location designated by 

the commanding officer. The following are recommended CIC/CSC navigation team

positions:

1. Piloting Officer. Supervise the Navigation Radar Operator, Navigation Plotter and

Navigation Recorder. The Piloting Officer shall:

a. Evaluate fix accuracy.

b. Make recommendations to the navigation evaluator based on CIC/CSC’s navigation

plot. 

c. Keep the Shipping Officer advised of course/speed changes.
Encl (3) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

3

2. Shipping Officer. Evaluates the surface picture. The Shipping Officer shall:

a. Designate contacts to be watched or tracked in accordance with ship’s directives. 

b. Verify that the recommended course is clear of all surface contacts.

3. Shipping Radar Operator. Provides all radar data as directed by the Shipping Officer.

4. Navigation Radar Operator. 

a. Provide all navigation radar data as directed by the Piloting Officer. 

b. Maintain communications with, and keep the Navigation Plotter informed of

designated points available for use.

5. Navigation Plotter. Maintains CIC/CSC’s navigation plot. 

a. Paper chart navigation:

(1) Plots and labels each fix on the chart in use.

(2) Extends the DR at least two fix intervals.

(3) Computes set and drift since last fix.

(4) Identifies nearest hazard to navigation.

(5) Determines time and distance to the next course change.

(6) Revises turn bearings.

(7) Completes other tasks as directed by the Piloting Officer. 

b. Electronic navigation:

(1) Plots various types of fixes as applicable, based on the installed electronic

navigation system. 

(2) Completes other tasks as directed by the Piloting Officer. 

6. Navigation Recorder. 

a. Logs all Piloting Officer recommendations as well as the standard fix report. 

b. Assumes responsibility from the Bearing Book Recorder for designating times of

fixes when CIC/CSC has been designated as the primary navigation plot.
Encl (3) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

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Encl (4) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

1

Helm Commands

This enclosure provides a list of commonly used helm commands and may be tailored as

appropriate to meet the requirements of Chapter 1. Standard phraseology governing orders to the

helmsman is required to ensure orders are understood and promptly executed. The helmsman

shall repeat each command word-for-word and shall report when the ordered action is complete. 

The conning officer/coxswain shall acknowledge the helmsman’s responses with “VERY

WELL.”

COMMAND ACTION

RIGHT (LEFT)

STANDARD (FULL)

RUDDER

Apply the ordered rudder. Standard rudder is the amount required

to turn the ship on its standard tactical diameter. The rudder angle

varies from ship to ship. Full rudder is normally the amount

required for reduced tactical diameter.

RIGHT (LEFT) ##

DEGREES RUDDER

Apply the ordered rudder. This order may be followed by a new

course for the helmsman to steer, such as “STEADY ON

COURSE 256” or another rudder command. If no course is

specified the helmsman shall call out the heading at 10 degree

increments, such as “PASSING 150, PASSING 160,” until a

course is ordered by the conning officer. 

INCREASE YOUR

RUDDER TO RIGHT

(LEFT) ## DEGREES

Increase the rudder angle the amount specified to cause the ship to

turn more rapidly. This order may be followed by a new course

for the helmsman to steer or another rudder command. If no

course is specified the helmsman shall call out the heading at 10

degree increments until a course is ordered by the conning officer.

EASE YOUR

RUDDER/EASE YOUR

RUDDER TO RIGHT

(LEFT) ## DEGREES

Decrease the rudder angle by half the amount currently applied or

by the amount ordered. This order may be followed by a new

course for the helmsman to steer or another rudder command. If

no course is specified the helmsman shall call out the heading at

10 degree increments until a course is ordered by the conning

officer. 

RUDDER AMIDSHIPS Place the rudder at zero degrees.

MEET HER Use the rudder as necessary to check the swing of the ship without

steadying on any specific course.

STEADY, STEADY AS

SHE GOES, STEADY ON

COURSE ###

Steer the course on which the ship is currently headed or the

ordered course. If the ship is turning and the command STEADY

or STEADY AS SHE GOES is given, the helmsman notes the

heading and brings the ship back to the heading. The helmsman

should then reply “STEADY; COURSE ###.”
Encl (4) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

2

COMMAND ACTION

SHIFT YOUR RUDDER Move the rudder to the same angle in the opposite direction from

where it is currently ordered. This order may be given only when

a specific rudder angle is in effect.

NOTHING TO THE

RIGHT (LEFT) OF

COURSE ###

Steer nothing to the right (left) of the course specified.

HOW’S YOUR RUDDER This is a query from the conning officer to ascertain the current

rudder placement. The helmsman replies, “MY RUDDER IS

RIGHT(LEFT) ## DEGREES.”

MARK YOUR HEAD Respond “MARK ###.” A command to the helmsman to state the

heading of the ship at the moment the command was given.

COMMAND The helmsman’s response to the conning officer if he/she did not

hear a command, misunderstood a command or believes a

command is improper.

STEER ON The helmsman steers on a range or object identified by the

conning officer. 

MIND YOUR HELM A command issued by the Conning Officer, CO, Officer of the

Deck (if separate), or the Navigator to the Helmsman to pay

closer attention to his/her steering.
Encl (5) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

1

ECINS and Paper Chart Use Flow Chart

(*) Per Command Navigation Standards

Enter

ECINS has primary

positioning source 

and approved, 

up-to-date 

chart data?

ECINS has adequate

back-up system and

back-up positioning 

source?

Yes

Yes

No

Navigate

using up-to-date*

Paper Charts

Navigate with ECINS, 

up-to-date* Paper 

Charts at the ready

Navigate with ECINS, 

Uncorrected Paper Charts on board

No
Encl (5) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

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1

Guidance for Boat Forces Units Command Navigation Standards

A. Unit preparations for navigation should:

1. Navigation kit. Discuss Coxswain's personal navigation kit (if required as a supplement

to the boat outfit).

2. Master chart. Discuss creation of a master chart (known by various names, i.e. compass

card) of the local area by each Coxswain.

3. Navigation Petty Officer. Discuss Navigation Petty Officer responsibility to maintain a

master corrected paper chart for the unit and the need to provide a like copy to the Sector 

or Operational Commanders Command Center.

4. GPS waypoints. Discuss unit standardization of GPS waypoints that will be used and

maintained on the unit boats.

5. AOR key waypoints. List unit AOR key waypoints. Name or Description (LAT - 

LONG)

B. Unit qualification and certification should:

1. Key operating areas. Discuss key operating areas frequented during normal unit

operations. Relate them to the area familiarization requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard

Boat Operations and Training (BOAT) Manual, Volume I, COMDTINST M16114.32

(series). CO/OIC may specify increased trips in certain areas to reinforce knowledge

necessary to safe navigation.

2. Crew relationships/training. Discuss the local knowledge level relationships between all

boat crew and communications watchstanders. Discuss the unit boat crew examining

board and unit training program role in reinforcing thorough knowledge of these “key

areas” as an important element in reducing risk (basis for Operational Risk Management

(ORM), and principles of Team Coordination Training (TCT)).

C. Underway navigation expectations:

1. Planning. Discuss expectations for pre-sortie navigation planning, plotting, and

electronics input. This preplanning will reduce the underway work load, make immediate

reference information available, establish waypoints that may be required for the sortie,

and allow an opportunity to conduct ORM. 

2. Navigating in AOR. Discuss expectations for navigating in the key operating areas

within the unit AOR. This would involve use of pre-established track lines or operations

within well-marked channels as the normal means of determining position verified by

visual observations, GPS and/or radar. This encompasses the use of all-available

information and tools. The Coxswain must remain constantly cognizant of the boat's

position and keep it in safe water and out of danger.
Encl (6) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

2

3. Navigating outside key areas. Discuss expectations for navigating outside the above

listed key areas. This could involve requirements for an active plot maintained on a chart

or with the electronic chart plotter. This may be as simple as using Estimated Positions

(EP's) as validation of the pre-planned DR tracks or as difficult as paper plotting of

positions depending on circumstances. The Coxswain must execute the proper level of

team coordination to ensure safety and mission success.

4. Surf environment. Discuss navigation expectations in the surf environment. Surf

operations are inherently dangerous so prudent use of ranges, depth sounder, sound

seamanship, and teamwork is required. The heavy weather Coxswain/surfman must use

the electronic tools and visual cues available to determine the boat's current position with

verifiable accuracy. They must also accurately recognize the effects of leeway, swell,

and current on relative boat movement making proper compensation to allow for a safe

transit. This must often be accomplished without additional paper plotting.

5. Communications. Discuss boat to shore communications as it might relate to navigation. 

The navigation demands on the boat crew may be tempered through prudent teamwork

with shore side assets (i.e. tower, beach party, or vehicle). 

6. Restricted visibility. Discuss operations at night or during periods of restricted visibility.

7. Questionable boat position. Whenever the position of the boat is in question or the

information available is conflicting, discuss the immediate prudent measures to resolve. 

Normally, this will involve a reduction in speed, station keeping or anchoring long

enough to get an accurate plotted fix.

D. Caution or danger areas:

1. Significant dangers. Describe areas that pose significant dangers to a boat. A command

may direct Coxswains to avoid transit in these areas if not necessary to the sortie and

always use extreme caution in piloting when operations require work nearby.

2. Wake/speed restrictions. Describe areas where unit boats must adhere to no wake zones

or speed limits during operations. It is typical that unit boats will observe the no wake

requirement as well as take extra caution to lower speed and wake near marina entrances

and in areas with high-density traffic. Instruct coxswains to consistently conduct routine

operations or transits at reasonable and safe speeds.

3. Hazards. Discuss operating in areas of hazards or increased risks (wash rocks, crab pots,

low visibility etc.).

4. Communications gaps. Describe areas where known communications gaps exist in the

area of responsibility. Command may require alternatives to operations and position

reports when missions take boats into those areas to ensure safety.
Encl (7) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

1

Sample Getting Underway Checklist

This enclosure provides a sample checklist containing common actions that must be

taken prior to getting underway. This checklist may be tailored as appropriate to

meet the requirements of Chapter 9.

Time prior to Event

48 Hours Establish getting underway schedule covering: propulsion plant

light off, shift from shore to cutter power, disposal of cutter

vehicles, light off and testing of electronic suite, U.S. and

Guard Mail dispatch and receipt.

Release MOVREP.

24 Hours Conduct navigation brief

Verify arrangements for tugs/pilots/line handlers.

Verify schedule for lighting-off power plant.

Energize gyrocompasses.

Check navigation lights for proper operation (Preferably at

night).

Ascertain schedule of other vessel movements in harbor on

underway day.

4 Hours Energize all radars except those prohibited by local

electromagnetic emissions restrictions.

Energize and configure ECINS/ECS, if so equipped.

Validate accuracy of fluxgate(electro-magnetic compass) if so 

equipped.

Validate DGPS/GPS datum.

Reconfirm tugs/pilots/line handlers. 

Verify arrangements for terminating shore services.

Verify removal of floats, barges, containment booms

2 Hours Ascertain from the executive officer/executive petty officer any

anticipated deviations from the Plan of the Day.

Promulgate underway time to all hands.

Energize and initialize all electronic navigation equipment. 

(Coordinate with shift from shore to cutter power.)

Energize and calibrate all radar repeaters. (Post errors at each

repeater and for navigation plotters.)
Encl (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

2

Determine and post gyro, steering, and navigation repeater

errors and enter into electronic navigation system, as

applicable. Check/energize all other electronic equipment (e.g. 

fathometer, etc.).

Conduct radio checks on all required circuits. (Include bridgeto-bridge radiotelephone)

1 Hour Set condition Yoke.

Tune and optimize radars. 

Post tide/current/aids to navigation information on the bridge

and CIC/CSC.

45 Minutes Fix ship’s position using all available positioning sources.

Record draft of cutter fore and aft in cutter’s deck log.

30 Minutes Station the Special Sea Detail and Anchor Detail.

In reduced visibility:

1. Station the low visibility detail.

2. Set material condition Zebra on main deck and below.

Embark pilot. Display CODE HOTEL.

Check steering in all available modes.

Test sound-powered phone circuits in use.

Receive department reports for readiness to get underway.

Test anchor windlass.

Prepare anchor(s) for letting go.

OOD shift watch to the bridge.

15 Minutes Obtain CO/OICs permission to shift to pilot house control

(when equipped) and test main engine(s).

Direct engineering control accordingly after ensuring that the

screw(s) are clear.

Test cutter’s whistle/general alarms.

Single up lines.

Make SECURITE calls.

Take in the brow and break all shore connections.

Conduct time check.

Report when “ready for getting underway” to the executive

officer/executive petty officer.
Encl (7) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

3

10 Minutes Warn engineering control to standby to answer all bells or of

impending pilothouse control maneuvers.

Zero Time Underway.

Shift colors/close up international call sign (if appropriate).

Make SECURITE calls.

Report underway to VTS if appropriate.

After U/W Return checklist to navigator for filing.
Encl (7) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

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Encl (8) to COMDTINST M3520.2D

1

Sample Entering Port/Approaching Restricted Waters Checklist

This enclosure provides a sample checklist containing common actions that must be taken prior to

Entering Port/Approaching Restricted Waters. This checklist may be tailored as appropriate to meet

the requirements of Chapter 9.

Time prior to Event

24 Hours Conduct navigation brief.

3 Hours Determine and post gyro, steering, and navigation repeater errors and enter

into electronic navigation system, as applicable.

1 Hour Pass the word, “Make all preparations for entering port. Cutter will anchor

(berth __________ side to) at about ________. All hands shift into the

Uniform of the Day.”

Lay out mooring lines if required.

Set up and check all harbor and tug radio frequencies.

Check into VTS when appropriate.

Ascertain schedule of other vessel movements in harbor.

45 Minutes Test cutter’s whistle/general alarms.

Station the Navigation Detail.

Prior to approaching restricted waters, check steering in all available modes.

Test backing bells.

Hoist international call sign when entering inland waters (if applicable).

30 Minutes Station the Special Sea Detail and Anchor Detail.

Make anchor(s) ready for use.

Inform the Anchor Detail of depth of water at anchorage, type of bottom,

ready anchor, and scope of chain to be used.

Inform first lieutenant as to range of tide and time of high water.

Receive readiness reports for entering port.

Make SECURITE calls.

Request permission to enter port from the proper authority.

15 Minutes If mooring to a buoy, lower boat with buoy detail as directed.

Station line handlers.

Upon Mooring Secure main engines on _______ hour standby. 

Secure gyros and navigational radars as directed.

Check out of VTS as appropriate.
Encl (8) to COMDTINST M3530.2D

2

If anchored, obtain navigation bearings and ranges, and determine swing and

drag circles.

Record draft of cutter fore and aft.

Shift watch to quarterdeck.

Return checklist to navigator for filing.

Release arrival MOVREP