# Patent

## Title
Method and apparatus for passively controlling airflow

## Abstract

A system and method for providing a substantially constant volume exhaust or ventilation air terminal system is shown for controlling exhaust and/or return airflow rates in a system having a central fan or ventilator. The system and method permits zone-by-zone or area-by-area airflow regulation or control in non-demand areas in response to a demand or call for ventilation in demand areas. In one embodiment, the system employs at least one constant airflow controller or regulator situated in a damper. In one embodiment, a terminal houses a plurality of sub-ducts each having an airflow regulator. At least one of the sub-ducts has a damper. When the damper is open, a maximum airflow through the terminal is a sum of maximum airflow permitted by the regulators.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/783,826 filed May 20, 2010, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/318,682 filed Dec. 27, 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,766,734, to which Applicant claims the benefit of the earlier filing date.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling airflow and, more particularly, a method and apparatus for controlling air distribution in fan assisted central exhaust and/or return air ventilating systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, central ventilation fans and ventilators used for the purpose of removing or exhausting air from areas in a building or structure, such as bathrooms, utility closets, kitchens in homes, offices, and other areas, will simultaneously remove air from fixed inlet terminals connected to the central ventilation fan whenever the fan is operating. Whether the fan operates intermittently or continuously, this results in excessive energy consumption as a result of removing heated and conditioned air from spaces that may not require ventilation simply because the demand for ventilation exists in one or more of the areas.
Previous attempts to limit a central fan or ventilation system to ventilating only occupied areas by opening and closing terminal devices, caused fluctuations in duct air pressure, and ultimately caused a shift in the amount of air removed or delivered to one or more of the areas or zones. This resulted in excessive ventilation rates and excessive energy usage in some areas and under-ventilating other areas, which in turn, caused poor indoor air quality related problems and a failure to meet minimum building code requirements in some instances.
Controlling the central fan speed or revolution per minute (RPM) to prevent the over or under-ventilation problem in zoned systems has been difficult, expensive and generally ineffective in the past. The typical fan control method involved monitoring either main duct pressure or the number of open zones to determine the total amount of airflow needed. However, a problem remained in that controlling the total system airflow does not ensure proper and/or constant airflow amounts at each zone branched duct.
Moreover, controlling airflow rates at each zone or branched duct in a supply air system has been accomplished using variable air volume (VAV) terminals. These VAV terminals were designed to vary the airflow rates in response to temperature needs. While VAV terminals have the capability to control airflow at constant levels, they typically utilized an electrically or pneumatically powered control device that monitors duct pressure through a pilot tube and sends a signal to a separate zone damper. These control devices required a separate power source, separate parts, and direct coupling to, among other things, a damper actuator to allow for responsive zoned airflow control. If the VAV control device loses power, it will also lose it ability to control airflow.
What is needed, therefore, is a system and method for controlling air distribution in both fan assisted central exhaust systems and/or return air ventilating systems that facilitates overcoming one or more of the problems of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of one embodiment of the invention to provide a ventilation terminal system and device with an integral primary zone controlled damper that regulates airflow in response to a switch, dehumidistat, light sensor, motion sensor, CO2 sensor or the like.
An object of another embodiment is to provide a ventilation terminal device and system with a pressure independent flow control device that is integral to the primary flow control, which in one embodiment may be a damper.
Another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a flow control device and system that regulates airflow to substantially constant levels when exposed to varying duct pressures.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a flow control device and system that is mechanically removed from an airflow stream when the primary control device is caused to permit airflow to a predetermined demand level.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a control device for situating in an airflow stream to regulate or control airflow to a substantially constant or predetermined maximum rate.
Yet another object of another embodiment is to provide a system and method having a first control device that controls or regulates flow to a first substantially constant or predetermined rate, while another flow control device controls or regulates flow to a second predetermined level or rate.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide at least one or a plurality of flow control devices that require no direct electric or pneumatic power source, but rather, utilize only system duct pressure to regulate airflow to first and/or second predetermined levels, respectively.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a minimum flow control device that will continue to operate if a primary flow control device cannot be actuated to permit increasing airflow or it loses power.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a ventilation control assembly and system that can be easily maintained and/or removed from a terminal housing without disconnecting the terminal to which the assembly is attached from any duct or ventilation shaft.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a system that is small enough to be mounted between floors, and/or ceiling assemblies, such as assemblies constructed of nominal 10′′ joists on 16′′ centers.
Another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide an assembly that utilizes a damper drive-motor powered by 120 volt, 24 volt, 12 volt, or 220 volt AC or other suitable electrical voltage supply.
Yet another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a device that reduces or eliminates the need for routine maintenance of the type that is required by mechanical or electrical systems of the past.
Still another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a device that can be easily mounted in a fire or non-fire rated ceiling or wall assembly.
Yet another object of another embodiment of the invention is to provide a device that will reduce the necessary central fan horsepower requirements and will facilitate saving on energy consumption by reducing the overall fan or ventilator requirements in the system.
In one aspect, an embodiment of the invention comprises a zone control exhaust terminal comprising a housing having a first opening coupled to a duct and a second opening associated with an area to be ventilated, the housing directing airflow from the inlet to the outlet along a predetermined path and a damper hingeably coupled to the housing for controlling airflow between the area and a fan or ventilator, a motor for driving the damper from a closed position at which the damper becomes situated in the predetermined path and an open position at which the damper permits airflow along the predetermined path in response to a motor control signal and an airflow regulator situated in the predetermined path, the airflow regulator regulating airflow along the predetermined path when the damper is in the closed position.
In another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a zone control ventilation system for use in a building having a plurality of areas to be ventilated, the system comprising at least one fan unit for generating airflow, a plurality of ducts coupled to at least one fan unit; a plurality of zone control exhaust terminals coupled to each of the plurality of ducts, respectively, and operatively associated with each of the plurality of areas each of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals comprising a housing having an inlet coupled to a duct and an outlet associated with at least one of the plurality of areas to be ventilated, a damper pivotally coupled to the housing, a motor for driving the damper between a closed position and an open position at which the damper permits airflow between at least one fan unit and at least one plurality of areas and into at least one of the plurality of areas to be ventilated in response to a motor control signal, and an airflow regulator situated in an airflow path, the airflow regulator for regulating an airflow rate along the airflow path between the room and at least one fan unit.
In another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for maintaining a substantially constant airflow in a ventilation system having a plurality of ducts, the method comprising the steps of passively regulating airflow at a first rate through the plurality of ducts and causing airflow through at least one of the plurality of ducts at a second rate in response to a demand signal as the airflow through the other of the plurality of ducts continues to flow at the first rate.
In yet another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for controlling airflow through a plurality of ducts coupled to a ventilator, comprising the steps of permitting airflow from the ventilator through at least one of the plurality of ducts at a substantially constant rate and permitting airflow through at least one of the plurality of ducts to an area at a demand rate that is greater than the substantially constant rate in response to a demand signal.
In still another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for providing zone-by-zone airflow regulation for regulating airflow to substantially constant levels, comprising the steps of controlling airflow substantially constant through a plurality of terminals associated with areas where no ventilation airflow is demanded at a first rate and controlling airflow through said terminal at a second rate, which is higher than said first rate in areas where ventilation airflow is demanded in response to an airflow demand at a demand rate.
In yet another aspect, another embodiment of the invention is to provide a method for regulating airflow to a plurality of zones of a building having a fan, comprising the steps of situating a primary regulator in operative relationship with each of said plurality of zones to regulate airflow between each of said plurality of zones and said fan and situating at least one constant airflow regulator in operative relationship with each of said primary regulators in order to regulate airflow between each of said plurality of zones and said fan such that when said primary regulator permits a demand airflow between one of said plurality of zones and said fan, said at least one constant airflow regulators control or regulate airflow such that airflow to at least the other of said plurality of zones is substantially constant.
In still another aspect, another embodiment of the invention is to provide a method for regulating airflow to a substantially constant level in each of a plurality of zones in a structure, said structure comprising an airflow generator and at least one conduit for providing fluid communication between each of said plurality of zones and said airflow generator and said method comprising the steps of causing airflow to a demand level in any of said plurality of zones where airflow to said demand level is demanded and regulating airflow to a substantially constant level in the other of said plurality of zones where airflow to a demand level is not demanded.
In yet another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a system for regulating airflow in a structure having a plurality of zones and said system comprising an airflow generator and a plurality of terminals associated with each of said plurality of zones, respectively a conduit for coupling said airflow generator to each of said plurality of terminals a plurality of primary regulators coupled to said plurality of terminals, respectively, for causing airflow to a demand level in one of said plurality of zones in response to a demand and a plurality of first constant airflow regulators situated between each of said plurality of zones, respectively, and said airflow generator to regulate airflow between said airflow generator and those other plurality of zones where demand airflow is not demanded to a first predetermined level.
In another aspect, another embodiment comprises a damper assembly for use in a ventilation system having an airflow generator, a terminal associated with an area to be ventilated, and a duct for coupling the airflow generator to the terminal, the damper assembly comprising: a support, a damper pivotally coupled to one support, a motor mounted on the support for driving said damper between a closed position and an open position and the damper assembly being detachably secured and removable from the system without dismantling or disconnecting either the duct or the terminal.
In yet another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a zone control terminal for use in an air distribution system, the zone control terminal comprising a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening, a damper hingeably coupled to the housing and situated between the entry opening and the exit opening, a motor for driving the damper between an open position and a closed position, at least one first airflow regulator that is not situated in series with the damper, at least one second airflow regulator situated in series with the damper, wherein the at least one first airflow regulator controls or permits a predetermined minimum amount of airflow through the housing when the damper is in the closed position and the at least one second airflow regulator cooperating with the at least one first airflow regulator to control or permit a predetermined maximum amount of airflow through the housing when the damper is in the open position, the predetermined maximum amount of airflow through the zone control terminal being a sum of a maximum airflow rate of the at least one first airflow regulator and a maximum airflow rate of the at least one second airflow regulator.
In still another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a system for regulating airflow is a structure having a plurality of zones, the system comprising a plurality of terminals associated with each of the plurality of zones, respectively, at least one conduit for coupling an airflow generator to each of the plurality of terminals, each of the plurality of terminals comprising a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening, a damper hingeably coupled to the housing and situated between the entry opening and the exit opening, a motor for driving the damper between an open position and a closed position, the motor being responsive to an airflow demand, at least one first airflow regulator situated in each of the plurality of terminals, at least one second airflow regulator situated in series with the damper, wherein the at least one first airflow regulator controls or permits a first predetermined amount of airflow and the damper and at least one second airflow regulator cooperating with the at least one first airflow regulator to control or permit a second predetermined amount of airflow through the housing when the damper is in the open position, the second predetermined amount of airflow through the plurality of terminals, the second predetermined amount of airflow being a sum of a maximum airflow rate of the at least one first airflow regulator and a maximum airflow rate of the at least one second airflow regulator.
In another aspect, another embodiment of the invention comprises a zone control system for use in a structure having a plurality of zones, the zone control system comprising a plurality of terminals associated with each of the plurality of zones, respectively, the plurality of terminals being adapted to receive airflow from an airflow generator, each of the plurality of terminals comprising a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening, a damper hingeably coupled to the housing and situated between the entry opening and the exit opening, a motor for driving the damper between an open position and a closed position, the motor being responsive to a demand, at least one first airflow regulator situated in parallel with the damper, at least one second airflow regulator situated in series with the damper, wherein when the damper is in the closed position the at least one first airflow regulator permits airflow to a first predetermined level and when the damper is in the open position, the at least one first airflow regulator cooperates with the at least one second airflow regulator to permit airflow to a second predetermined level.
These are illustrative objects. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the invention, illustrating the use of a fan or ventilator in combination with a central shaft in combination with one or more terminals associated with each area or zone to be ventilated;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view of another embodiment of the invention showing a system utilizing a ventilator in combination with one or more terminals;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view of a variable fan ventilation or exhaust system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an embodiment illustrating, among other things, a housing, the ventilation duct, and a plurality of constant air controllers or regulators;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary and sectional view illustrating various features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and also illustrating a damper having an aperture for receiving an airflow controller or regulator and also showing the damper in phantom after the airflow controller or regulator has been received in the aperture and the damper has been actuated by the drive motor to an open position;
FIG. 6 is an assembled view of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5;
FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate one embodiment of the invention and also illustrates a plurality of airflow versus pressure difference characteristic curves relative to the airflow in each of the ducts illustrated;
FIGS. 8A-8B are views of another embodiment of the invention illustrating a airflow controller or regulator situated in the damper and associated curves, but with no airflow controller or regulator situated in any of the ducts;
FIGS. 9A-9B illustrate another embodiment of the invention, illustrating a system having a plurality of solid dampers, each of which comprise an associated constant airflow controller or regulator situated in a duct associated with each damper;
FIGS. 10A-10B show various characteristic curves of a prior art constant airflow regulator and a prior art bulb-type controller or regulator (FIG. 10A) and a vain-type controller or regulator (FIG. 10B);
FIG. 11 illustrates the use of a terminal of the type shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 mounted in a central pressurized shaft and further illustrating an open duct associated with the housing of the terminal open to the pressure in the central shaft;
FIGS. 12A-12B illustrate another embodiment of the invention where various combinations of features of a primary, secondary, and tertiary control or regulators may be used in various combinations, with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12A-12B being a representative example;
FIGS. 13A-13D illustrate another embodiment showing a plurality of sub-ducts in a terminal, with a damper associated with one of the sub-ducts and at least one airflow regulator in each sub-duct.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, a zone control ventilation system or passive flow control system 10 for use in the building 12, such as a multi-story commercial building (FIG. 1), multi-story condominium or apartment building (FIG. 2), a residential building (FIG. 3). The system 10 provides a system, apparatus and method for providing on-demand airflow at a demand airflow rate and a passive airflow at a passive airflow rate to a plurality of zones or areas 14 in the manner described later herein.
The system 10 comprises at least one fan 16 (FIGS. 1 and 3), or the system 10 may comprise a ventilator 17, such as one or more of the multi-port ventilator series (“MPV”) model series MPV ventilator provided by American Aides Ventilation Corporation located at 4521 19th Street Court E. in Sarasota, Fla. It should be understood that other suitable ventilators or fans may be used and the invention is not limited by these particular model types.
The system 10 further comprises a plurality of ducts 18 that are coupled directly to the at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, or coupled to a main ventilation duct or shaft 20 (FIGS. 1 and 11) that is coupled to either the at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17. The plurality of ducts 18 are each coupled to at least one or a plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22, at least one of which is operatively associated with each of the areas 14 to be ventilated. Although the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 show a single zone control exhaust terminal 22 associated with each of the areas 14, it should be understood that more than one of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22 may be associated with each of the areas 14. Although not shown, not every area or zone 14 in the building, structure, residence or building 12 must have one or more of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22, although in a preferred embodiment at least one of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22 is associated with each area 14.
Also, while the illustration shown in FIG. 2 shows a multi-port ventilator 17 coupled directly to each of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22 via ducts 18, the zone control exhaust terminals 22 may be coupled directly to the main ventilation shaft 20 or to artery ducts, such as ducts 18 (FIG. 1), that extend from the main ventilation shaft 20. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 11, the terminal 22 may be situated interior of the shaft, with an open duct extension or collar 30, which in one embodiment is at least 22 inches. Note that the duct extension or collar 30 has an end 30a coupled to the terminal 22 and an end 30b that is open to the interior area 20c of shaft 20. It should be understood that the interior area 20c of shaft 20 has an interior pressure created or provided by the at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, various details of one of the plurality of zone control exhaust terminals 22 will now be described. It should be understood that each of the plurality of zone exhaust terminals 22 comprise substantially the same parts, although they do not have to be identical to each other as will become apparent later herein. Each of the zone control exhaust terminals 22 comprises a box-shaped housing 24 having a plurality of flanges 26 and 28. The flanges 26 and 28 provide means for mounting the housing 24 to a structure, such as between adjacent 10′′ joists or trusses on 16′′ or 22′′ centers in a ceiling or roof of the building 12 or between adjacent studs (not shown) in a wall 29 (FIG. 1) of the building 12, or to a wall 23 (FIG. 11) of shaft 20.
As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6, the housing 24 is generally rectangular and comprises the duct extension or collar 30 for coupling the housing 24 to duct 18 and for communicating with an opening 32 into an area 34 defined by the housing 24. The duct collar 30 is conventionally coupled to the duct 18 as illustrated in FIG. 6. As mentioned earlier, however, terminal 22 could be mounted to shaft 20 and the end 30b of duct collar 30 could be open to the interior area 20c of central shaft 20. The housing 24 further comprises a grille or cover 36 for covering a second opening 38 of the housing 24. The second opening 38 is associated or in communication with the area or zone 14.
The system 10 further comprises an air restrictor or damper assembly 40 which will now be described relative to FIG. 5. The assembly 40 comprises a generally U-shaped member or support 42 having an L-shaped bracket 44 welded or secured thereto. The apertures 46 and 48 typically support and receive a drive shaft 50 which is coupled to and pivotally driven by a motor 52 that is operatively coupled to a switch 54 as shown. The switch 54 may be a wall switch situated on, for example, the wall, such as a wall 29 in FIG. 1, associated with the area 14. The switch 54 may be a manual wall switch actuated by a user, or the motor 52 may be coupled and respond to at least one of a motion sensor, manual control, timer mechanism, light sensor, occupancy sensor, CO2 sensor or other indicators or sensors of presence when a user enters or exits one of the areas 14.
The generally U-shaped member or support 42 is received in the area 34 (FIG. 4) of housing 24 and secured between housing walls 24a and 24b with a plurality of screws 56 as shown. Note that the assembly 40 further comprises a primary flow control, which in the illustration is a damper 58 that is secured by a weld, screws or other suitable means to the drive shaft 50 of motor 52. The damper 58 is pivotally driven by the motor 52 in response to a user actuating the switch 54, for example, from an off position to an on position. It should be understood that the motor 52 is operatively coupled to a power source, an AC power source (not shown) in one embodiment, such as a 12V, 24V, 120V or 220V AC, but a DC power source may also be used. When the switch 54 is actuated by a user to the on position, the motor 52 becomes energized and pivotally drives the damper 58 from the closed position to the open position illustrated in phantom in FIG. 5.
It should be noted that the damper 58 is operatively associated with and situated adjacent to an opening 32 (FIG. 4) in the surface 24c of housing 24. A first side 58a of damper 58 may comprise a foam or other sealing material secured thereto by an adhesive for sealing the damper against the surface 24c of housing 24 when the damper 58 is in the closed position illustrated in FIG. 6. Note that the assembly 40 comprises a spring or plurality of springs 70 that act upon a joining portion 42b of the generally U-shaped member or support 42 and on the planar member or surface 58b of damper 58 to urge or bias the damper 58 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5 so that the damper 58 is biased in the closed position illustrated in FIG. 6. The motor 52 retains the damper 58 in the open position during any demand period, which is the period in time that the motor 52 is being activated.
In one embodiment shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 9A-9B, the assembly 40 may further comprise a switch 62 that is mounted on a flat area or ledge 42c of generally U-shaped bracket 42 as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. The switch 62 is operatively coupled to the at least one exhaust fan 16 or ventilator 17 such that when the damper 58 is actuated or driven from the closed position illustrated in FIG. 6 to the open position (shown in phantom in FIG. 5), a first side 58a of damper 58 actuates the lever or switch 62 coupled to the power source (not shown). When the switch 62 is triggered, the exhaust fan 16 or ventilator 17 becomes energized in response, thereby causing an increase of airflow in the ducts 18 or shaft 20. When the damper 58 returns to the closed position, for example, when the user activates switch 54 to the off position, the damper 58 in the embodiment shown FIGS. 9A and 9B is driven or actuated to the closed position to close the opening 32 and release the switch 62 to cause at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17 to turn off.
One feature and advantage of this design illustrated in FIGS. 4-5 is that it is easy to perform maintenance on or remove the assembly 40 after it is installed, although it is not believed that much maintenance will be required.
Returning to FIGS. 9A-9B, an embodiment is illustrated where the ventilator 17 or at least one fan 16 is only on when the user actuates the switch 54 to the on position. In contrast, the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B and FIGS. 8A-8B, described later herein, does not utilize switch 62 to activate at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17. In these embodiments, at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17 provide a constant airflow in the ducts 18, 19 or shaft 20. However, when a damper 58 in the system 10 is opened in these illustrative embodiments, at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17 responds to a decrease in duct system resistance or demand for increased airflow and automatically causes an increase in fan or ventilator speed, thereby causing a resultant increase in the airflow in the shaft 20 and ducts 18 in response and in a manner conventionally known.
Referring to FIGS. 4-6, the assembly 40 further comprises at least one or a plurality of airflow regulators 71 and 73 (FIG. 6) and/or 72 and 74 (FIGS. 1-5). In one embodiment, the airflow regulators 71 and 73 are integral constant dynamic airflow regulators, such as the constant airflow regulators CAR I and CAR II available from American Aldes Ventilation Corporation, 4537 Northgate Court, Sarasota, Fla. 34234-2124. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, note that the damper 58 comprises an aperture or opening 59 defined by the interior area as shown. The diameter of the interior wall 58d in damper 58 is dimensioned to receive the airflow regulator 72 as shown. As illustrated, bulb-type constant airflow regulators, such as those regulators 71 and 73 illustrated in FIG. 6, may be used and these are also available from American Aldes Ventilation Corporation.
It should be understood that the constant airflow regulators 72 and 74 may comprise different specifications in a preferred embodiment and they both provide constant airflow regulation. For example, the constant airflow regulators 72 and 74 provide constant airflow regulation by operation of the vane 72a (FIG. 4), which acts to at least partially close the opening 59 (FIG. 5) in a manner conventionally known. In contrast, the constant airflow regulators 71 and 73 (FIG. 6) provide constant airflow regulation by the inflating action of the constant airflow regulator bulb 71a and 73a, respectively, and in a manner that is conventionally known. As illustrated in FIG. 6, note that the bulbs 71a and 73a are generally hour-glass shaped. As a static pressure increases in the ducts 18, the static pressure around the bulbs 71a and 73a increases, thereby causing the bulbs 71a and 73a to inflate and thereby decreasing the area around the bulbs 71a and 73a. At substantially the same time, as the static pressure around the bulbs 71a and 73a increases, an air velocity also increases thereby resulting in constant airflow. The constant airflow regulators 71, 72, 73 and 74 thereby provide a generally or substantially constant airflow regardless of pressure differences in the system 10. FIGS. 10A and 10B graphically illustrate the operative characteristics of the airflow regulators 71, 72, 73 and 74. It should be understood that the associated specifications will change depending upon the specifications selected by the user. The operation of the system 10 will now be described relative to several illustrative examples shown in FIGS. 7A-9B. For ease of illustration, the embodiment of FIGS. 7A-7B will be illustrated or used in the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIGS. 8A-8B will be illustrated as used in the embodiment of FIG. 2, and FIGS. 9A-9B will be illustrated as used in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7A-9B, the damper 58 provides primary airflow regulation or control. The damper 58 is used in combination with at least one of either the first or second regulator 72 or 74 as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-9B. In embodiments shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, the constant airflow regulator 74 permits a predetermined amount of airflow and provides substantially constant airflow regulation to a predetermined or maximum airflow rate. In contrast, the airflow regulator 72 in the illustration of FIGS. 8A-8B provides substantially constant airflow regulation at a predetermined amount or a minimum amount of airflow. When the regulators 72 and 74 are used together as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B, they control or regulate airflow to both a minimum and maximum level, respectively, while the damper 58 controls or regulates airflow to a primary demand level, such as an airflow level required to provide increased ventilation to a room in response to a demand signal from a user.
Typical airflow versus pressure difference characteristics are graphically illustrated by the graphs under each terminal 22 in FIGS. 7A-9B. It should be understood that the minimum amount of airflow rate and maximum of airflow rate will be dependent upon the size and specifications of the airflow regulators 71, 72, 73, and 74, respectively, selected. The user's selection of the appropriate constant airflow regulator 71-74 will depend on the environment or application in which the system 10 is being used. In one illustrative embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, the minimum airflow rate may be on the order of at least 10 cubic feet per minute (“CFM”) and the maximum amount of airflow rate may be less than or equal to approximately 400 CFM, but this will be different depending on the application.
Returning to FIG. 5, note that the damper 58 is comprised of a generally circular planar member 58b lying in a first plane P1 when the damper 58 is in the closed position illustrated in FIG. 6. After the constant airflow regulator 72 is received in the opening 59 defined by wall 58d (FIG. 4) of the planar member 58b, the constant airflow regulator 72 lies in the first plane P1 or directly in the airflow path of air flowing into the opening 32 (FIG. 4) of housing 24. When the damper 58 is in the closed position shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the constant airflow regulator 72 regulates, permits or controls the airflow to the constant rate as dictated by the specifications for the constant airflow regulator 72 selected by the user. Thus, it should be understood that when the damper 58 is actuated from the closed position to the open position (illustrated in phantom in FIG. 5 and in the illustration of FIGS. 7A-7B and 8A-8B), the airflow regulator 72 is removed from the airflow path, thereby removing the minimum or constant airflow regulator from the opening 32 and from the airflow path between the zone or area 14 and the duct 18.
It should be understood that one or both of the constant airflow regulators 72 and 74 may be used in various combinations, such as the illustrative combinations that will now be described relative to FIGS. 7A-9B. It should be understood that the illustrations in FIGS. 7A-9B show the damper assembly 40 (FIG. 4) and generally U-shaped member or support 42 removed from the housing 24 for ease of illustration.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, the constant airflow regulator 72 is situated in each damper 58 associated with each of the zones or areas 14. The constant airflow regulator 74 is situated in each duct 18 as shown. In the illustration in FIGS. 7A-7B, the fan 16 runs continuously at a first fan speed to provide constant ventilation airflow at a first rate. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, as air flows from the zones or areas 14 into the ducts 18, the air flows both through the constant airflow regulator 72 and constant airflow regulator 74. As exhaust air from fan 16, for example, is pulled from each zone or area 14 through the duct 18, the constant airflow regulator 72 provides constant airflow regulation to the first predetermined or minimum level. When there is a call or demand for increased ventilation in a remote area 14, such as when the user in one area 14 actuates the switch 54 to the on position as illustrated in FIG. 7B, the damper 58 in the demand area 14 is driven by motor 52 to the open position. The fan 16 senses the demand and causes increase in speed to a second fan speed. The dampers 58 in the other remote areas 14 remain closed, as shown by the two leftmost airflow regulators 72 shown in FIG. 7B. These regulators 72 provide constant airflow control or regulation to the first predetermined or minimum level dictated by the specifications of those constant airflow regulators 72. Notice that the increase in airflow through those constant airflow regulators 72 causes vanes 72a (FIG. 4) to partially close as shown in FIG. 7B, thereby controlling or regulating airflow to the desired rate. Substantially simultaneously, notice in the right-hand portion of FIG. 7B that the constant airflow regulator 72 in the damper 58 has been actuated to the open position and removed from the airflow path, thereby permitting increased airflow into and through the duct 18 from the area 14 as shown. The second constant airflow regulator 74 controls or regulates airflow to the second predetermined maximum level, while the constant airflow regulators 72 associated with the other zones or areas 14 control or regulate airflow to the first or minimum level.
Thus, the system 10 in the embodiments in FIGS. 7A-7B provides means for regulating or controlling airflow to the first predetermined or minimum flow rate in non-demand areas or zones 14 and between the first predetermined or minimum rate and the second predetermined or maximum rate during demand periods in demand zones or areas 14. In other words, the constant airflow regulator 72 in FIGS. 7A-7B facilitate controlling or regulating airflow to a substantially constant predetermined or minimum rate through each of the ducts 18. During ventilation demand periods in those demand areas 14 where there is a demand for increased ventilation, such as when a user activates switch 54, the damper 58 has been actuated to the open position. As illustrated by the rightmost assembly in FIG. 7B, at least one fan 16 or ventilator 17 responds to the pressure drop and increases fan speed, causing increased airflow at the increased or demand rate in response thereto. This causes increased ventilation from the area 14 where increased ventilation is demanded and through duct 18 and, ultimately, to the exhaust duct 19 associated with the building 12. Substantially simultaneously, the constant airflow regulator 72 in the two leftmost ducts (when viewed from left to right in FIG. 7B) regulate and control the airflow through the ducts 18 and so that airflow continues at substantially the constant rate up to the minimum airflow rate which is dictated by the constant airflow regulator 72 selected. The airflow in the system 10 is graphically illustrated by the graph under each of the regulators 72 and 74.
When the damper 58 in FIGS. 7A-7B is closed, the constant airflow regulators 72 or 74 that have the lowest maximum airflow specification will limit or regulate the maximum airflow to that specification. For example, if the constant airflow regulator 72 in FIG. 7A permits a maximum 10 CFM, while constant airflow regulator 74 permits a maximum airflow of 50 CFM, the airflow will be regulated to 10 CFM in the illustration shown in FIG. 7A when the damper 58 is in the closed position. When one of the dampers 58 in the system 10 is opened, the constant airflow regulator 72, mounted in the damper, is removed from the airflow path into opening 32 (FIG. 4), thereby permitting airflow at greater than 10 CFM. As the fan 16 or ventilator 17 cause airflow to increase, the regulator 74 regulates airflow through the duct 18 up to the maximum 50 CFM rate mentioned earlier. The airflow versus pressure characteristic is graphically illustrated by the graphs associated with the dampers 58 shown in FIGS. 7A-7B.
Referring back to FIGS. 9A and 9B, another illustrative embodiment is shown. In this embodiment, the regulator 74 is situated in the duct 18, but regulator 72 is not in the damper 58. In this embodiment the damper 58 and wall 58d are solid and only regulator 74 is used. During normal operation when there is no call or demand for ventilation or exhaust the dampers 58 are solid, remain closed and no ventilation through the ducts 18, for example, is permitted. The fan 16 or ventilator 17 provide airflow or turn on in response to the user actuating switch 54 which causes motor 52 to drive damper 58 from the closed position to the open position. When there is a call or demand for exhaust, the user activates the switch 54 and damper 58 activates switch 62, as described earlier, to turn on the fan 16 or ventilator 17 to cause an increased airflow to a demand rate. The airflow in the two leftmost ducts shown in FIG. 9B are continued to be blocked by solid damper 58 in this embodiment. The rightmost open damper 58 in FIG. 9B is open, but regulator 74 controls or regulates airflow to the second predetermined or maximum rate mentioned earlier. The graphs associated with the dampers 58 illustrate the airflow versus pressure difference for this embodiment.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show another embodiment. In this illustration, the constant airflow regulator 74 has been removed from the system 10. The regulators 72 permit minimum flow rate into the ducts 18 when the dampers 58 are in the closed position. When one damper 58 is driven by motor 52 to the open position, as illustrated by the rightmost damper 58 in FIG. 8B, then unregulated airflow is permitted in the duct 18 associated with the open damper 58. The constant airflow regulators 72 in the other dampers 58 provide airflow control and regulation to the first predetermined or minimum level, as illustrated by the airflow versus pressure graphs in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
Comparing the embodiment of FIGS. 7A and 7B to the embodiment of FIGS. 8A and 8B, notice that the constant airflow regulator 72 associated with the rightmost duct 18 shown in FIG. 7B has been removed from the direct airflow path between the zone or area 14 into the duct 18, thereby permitting an increased airflow through the duct 18. The second constant airflow regulator 74 in FIG. 7B limits the maximum amount of airflow through the duct 18 to the second predetermined amount or the maximum rate specified by that constant airflow regulator 74. Substantially simultaneously, the constant airflow regulator 72 associated with the two leftmost ducts 18 (as viewed in FIG. 7B) in the areas or zones 14 where ventilation is not demanded continue to limit the amount of airflow to the minimum level amount. In this regard, notice that the vanes 72a associated with the two leftmost ducts have closed slightly, thereby limiting the airflow to the specification of those constant airflow regulators 72.
In contrast, the embodiment in FIGS. 8A and 8B does not utilize the regulators 74. Therefore, air flows unregulated into and through the duct 18 associated with the damper 58 in the area or zone 14 where ventilation is demanded. No maximum airflow control or regulation is provided in the duct 18 associated with that open damper 58.
Thus, it should be understood that the system 10 may be provided with one or more constant airflow regulators 72 and 74 in various combinations and arrangements with damper 58 that is solid or that has a regulator 72 mounted therein to regulate or control airflow to a substantially constant minimum and/or maximum level in the areas 14. On demand, the damper 58 may be actuated from the closed to the open position when the user desires to have increased airflow, such as ventilation airflow, in the zone or area 14, such as a bathroom.
It should be understood that the regulators 71-74 and features of the various embodiments in FIGS. 7A-9B may be mixed or interchanged and provided in a single system. One illustrative combination is shown in FIGS. 12A-12B. For example, a system 10 may have dampers 58 with regulators 71 or 72, with or without regulators 73 and 74. Some dampers 58 may be provided with the solid planar member 58b and without an opening 59 similar to the dampers in FIG. 9B, while other dampers 58 and regulators 72 and 74 may be provided as in the illustrations shown in FIGS. 7A-8B.
As mentioned earlier, it should be understood that while the system 10 and method have been shown utilizing the switch 54 that may be actuated by the user, other means for energizing and actuating the motor 52 to drive the damper 58 from the closed position to the open position may be used. For example, the system 10 may utilize any suitable means for providing a motor control signal for controlling the motor 52, such as the switch 54, a dehumidistat or occupancy sensor that senses when an occupant has entered or left a room, a timer, a CO2 sensor, or any combination of the aforementioned means.
Advantageously, one feature of the embodiments illustrated is that it provides ventilation airflow regulation or control from the zones or areas 14 through at least one or a plurality of the ducts 18 to a maximum airflow rate or less or between minimum and maximum airflow rates. Note that the step of permitting airflow from the fan 16 or ventilator 17 is performed passively utilizing one or more of the constant airflow regulators 72 or 74.
Advantageously, the aforementioned embodiments provide a primary flow controller or regulator in the form of the damper 58 and at least one or a plurality of other flow controllers or regulators, such as the constant airflow regulators 71 and 72. These airflow regulators may be used alone or in combination with another constant airflow regulator 73 or 74.
As mentioned earlier, one advantage of the embodiment of FIGS. 4-6 is that maintenance is much improved over prior art systems because the assembly 40 can be completely removed from the housing 24 without having to disconnect the housing 24 or terminal 22 from any ducts or shafts. It should also be understood that the constant airflow regulators 71-74 require little or no routine maintenance, unlike the electrical and mechanical systems of the past.
The housing 24 does not have to be disconnected from the duct 18 if it is necessary to make any repairs or maintenance. The flow control device, such as regulators 72 and 74, require no direct electrical or pneumatic power source, and can regulate and control the airflow by utilizing only system duct pressure. Thus, even if there is no power to switch 54 or motor 52, the regulators 72 and/or 74 will continue to regulate airflow.
Another feature of one embodiment is the small size of the terminal 22, which has dimensions of 10′′×1′′×8′′. The terminal 22 is capable of being mounted between floor, and ceiling assemblies, such as those constructed of standard joists on 16′′ centers.
Because the system 10 is capable of regulating and controlling airflow in the various zones or areas 14 on an as needed basis, the overall capacity requirements of the central fan 16 and/or ventilator 17 can be reduced because the system 10 is capable of providing constant airflow in non-demand areas 14 and airflow at a demand rate in those areas where increased airflow or ventilation is demanded. This enables a smaller fan 16 or ventilator to be utilized in the system 10.
The system 10 advantageously provides a flow control device that regulates airflow to constant levels when exposed to varying duct pressure.
Referring now to FIGS. 13A-13C, another embodiment of the invention is shown. In these embodiments, like parts are identified with the same part number except that an apostrophe (“′”) has been added to the part numbers in FIGS. 13A-13D.
The embodiment of FIGS. 13A-13D provides a zone control system 100 for use in air distribution systems, exhaust or ventilation systems and for use in buildings 12, such as multi-story commercial buildings (FIG. 1), multi-story condominiums or apartment buildings (FIG. 2), a residential building (FIG. 3) or the like. The system 100 provides a system, apparatus and method for providing on-demand airflow at a demand airflow rate in the manner described herein. As with the prior embodiments, the system 100 of this embodiment may comprise or utilize the at least one fan 16′ or may comprise the ventilator 17′, such as the one or more of the multi-port ventilator series (MPV) mentioned earlier herein.
Referring now to FIGS. 13A-13D, in this embodiment a zone control terminal 102 is adapted for use in an air distribution system of the type mentioned earlier herein relative to the other embodiments. For example, the zone control terminal 102 is adapted for use in or connected to an existing duct 104, which is shown in phantom in FIG. 13A as a generally rectangular conventional duct. Note that the zone control terminal 102 is generally rectangular and comprises a housing 103 having a first wall 106, a generally opposing second wall 108, a third wall 110 and a fourth wall or cover 112 as illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13D. The housing 103 defines a housing area 103a. As is shown, the walls 106-112 cooperate to define the generally rectangular housing 103 and housing area 103a. In the illustration being described, the fourth wall 112 is pivotally secured to the first walls 106 and second wall with, for example, rivets or screws. The fourth wall 112 defines an access cover that pivots between an open position shown in FIGS. 13A and 13D to a closed position (not shown). The fourth wall or access cover 112 may comprise a latch (not shown) or may be secured into the closed position by suitable fasteners, such as sheet metal screws. In the illustration being described, the fourth wall or access cover 112, when in the open position illustrated in FIG. 13A, provides access to the components of the zone control terminal 102. Note that the wall or cover 112 is pivotably coupled between the walls 106 and 108 and can pivot about the axis PA between the open position shown in FIG. 13A and the closed position (not shown).
As with prior embodiments, the ducts 18′ may be coupled to at least one or a plurality of zone control terminals 102, at least one of which is operatively associated with each of the areas 14′ to be ventilated. As with prior embodiments, a single zone control terminal 102 may be associated with each of the areas 14′, but it should be understood that more than one of the plurality of zone control terminals 102 may be associated with each of the areas 14′. Also, and as mentioned earlier herein, not every zone or area 14′ in the building, structure or residence 12′ must have one or more of the plurality of zone control terminals 102, although in a preferred embodiment at least one of the plurality of control terminals 102 is associated with each of the areas 14′. In the illustration shown in FIGS. 13A-13B, note that the zone control terminal 102 is situated and exists in the existing duct work 104 of the building, structure or residence 12′. The zone control terminals 102 may be coupled directly to the main ventilator shaft 20′ mentioned earlier herein or to artery ducts, such as the ducts 18′, that extend from the main ventilation shaft 20′. As with one or more of the prior embodiments, the zone control terminal 102 may be situated interior of a ventilation shaft, with an open duct extension of the type mentioned and described earlier herein relative to FIG. 11.
The zone control terminal 102 comprises the first or upstream end 102a and the second or downstream end 102b. Note that an inner surface 106a of wall 106, inner surface 110a of wall 110, inner surface 108a of wall 108 and an inner surface 116a of a flange or projection 116 cooperates with the wall or access cover 112 to provide a generally closed zone control terminal 102 when the wall or access cover 112 is in the closed position, but that is open at the downstream end 102b. An internal wall 114 having a first side 114a and opposing second side 114b is conventionally secured, such as by a weld, fasteners (not shown) or adhesive, to the inner surfaces 106a, 108a and 110a. Note that portions of ends 106b (FIG. 13C), 108b and 110b of walls 106, 108 and 110, respectively, extend beyond the wall 114 to provide or define a flange extension 118 that extends beyond the wall 114 to provide or define a coupling surface that is adapted to be received inside the duct 104, as illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13D, and conventionally secured thereto.
A downward extending support rib or flange 120 (FIGS. 13A and 13B) is conventionally fixed to walls 106 and 108 and situated at the end 102b and provides a support for supporting the wall or access cover 112 when it is in the closed position. Although not shown, each of the walls 106, 108 and 110 and the flange 118 may be generally L-shaped in cross section and have portion (not shown) that extends laterally sideways (as viewed in FIG. 13A) from a top edge 108c, respectively, either interiorly or exteriorly laterally to provide additional support or a seat for the wall or access cover 112.
In the illustration being described, a first cut out 114a (FIG. 13B) and a second cut out 114b define a first aperture 126 and a second aperture 128, respectively. The first and second apertures 126 and 128 are generally circular and are adapted, dimensioned and sized to receive generally cylindrical sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132, respectively. Note in FIG. 13A that the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 are shown in fragmentary view so that the internal components thereof may be more easily seen and understood. The sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 comprise a radial flange 130a and 132a integrally formed in a generally elongated cylindrical portion 130b, 132b, respectively, as best illustrated in FIG. 13C. After the elongated cylindrical portions 130b, 132b of the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 are received in the apertures 126 and 128, respectively, the flanges 130a and 132a engage and seat against the wall 114 as illustrated in FIG. 13C. At least one or a plurality of conventional fasteners 136 may be used to secure the sub-ducts or duct extensions flanges 130a and 132a to the wall 114. Other means for fastening, such as a weld, adhesive or the like may also be used. After mounting, note that the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 extend generally parallel and inside the zone control terminal 102.
Advantageously, the embodiment being described shows the housing 103 that defines a duct that houses a plurality of ducts, namely, the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132. As mentioned later herein, the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 could be the same size, shape or dimension, but as shown, it should be understood that they could be adapted to be different sizes, areas, shapes or dimensions. For example, they could be different lengths, diameter, size or the like.
In the illustration being described, the generally elongated cylindrical portions 130b and 132b of sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 each house and comprise at least one or a plurality of air regulators, such as a constant airflow regulator of the type mentioned earlier herein. In this regard, note that the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132 comprises at least one constant airflow regulators 140 and 146, respectively, which operate substantially as described earlier herein relative to the constant airflow regulators of the embodiments previously described.
In the illustration being described, the sub-duct or duct extension 130 also comprises at least one damper 142 comprises a securing bracket 142a (FIG. 13C) that couples a drive shaft 54a′ of the drive motor 52′ to the damper 142 which is under the control of the switch 54′ and actuates the damper 142 between the closed position illustrated in FIG. 13A to the open position illustrated in FIG. 13D. The function and operation of the damper 142 will be described later herein.
Note that the sub-duct or duct extension 130 also comprises the at least one second airflow regulator 146. The operation and function of the sub-duct or duct extension 130 and the damper 142 and at least one second airflow regulator 146 is similar to that described earlier herein relative to the illustrative example shown in FIG. 9B. When the damper 142 is actuated by the motor 52′ from the closed position (FIG. 13A) to the open position (FIG. 13D), airflow is free to pass through the first sub-duct or duct extension 130, with the airflow being regulated by the at least one second airflow regulator 146. Thus, it should be understood that the damper 142 and at least one second airflow regulator 146 are in series and cooperate to provide a CFM to pressure difference similar to that shown in FIG. 9B.
The sub-duct or duct extension 132 also comprises at least one first airflow regulator 140 and functions to control a minimum and maximum amount of airflow through the zone control terminal 102, even when the damper 142 is in the closed position shown in FIG. 13A. In contrast, note that when the damper 142 is in the open position shown in FIG. 13D, air is also permitted to flow through the sub-duct or duct extension 130 with the maximum airflow rate or CFM through the sub-duct or duct extension 130 being dictated or controlled by the at least one second airflow regulator 146. Thus, the at least one first airflow regulator 140 controls or permits a predetermined or minimum amount of airflow through the zone control terminal 102 when the damper 142 is in the closed position. The at least one second airflow regulator 146 cooperates with the at least one first airflow regulator 140 to control or permit airflow through the zone control terminal 102 when the damper 142 is in the open position (FIG. 13D), the at least one first and second airflow regulators 140 and 146 cooperate to allow a predetermined maximum amount of airflow through the zone control terminal 102. Thus, it should be understood that the predetermined maximum amount of airflow through the zone control terminal 102 is, therefore, a sum of a maximum airflow rate of the at least first airflow regulator 140 and the at least one second airflow regulator 146. The preceding is summarized for ease of understanding in the following Table I:









TABLE I







Damper 142
Predetermined Minimum
Predetermined Maximum


Position
Airflow Rate
Airflow Rate


Damper 142 in
minimum airflow rate
maximum airflow rate


Closed Position
through zone control
through zone control



terminal 102 and duct
terminal 102 and duct 104



104 equal to the
equal to the maximum



minimum airflow rate of
airflow rate of the at least



the at least one first
one first airflow regulator



airflow regulator 140
140


Damper 142 in
minimum airflow rate
maximum airflow rate


Open Position
through zone control
through zone control



terminal 102 and duct
terminal 102 and duct 104



104 equals the sum of
equals the sum of the



the minimum airflows of
maximum airflows of the at



the at least one first
least one first airflow



airflow regulator 140 and
regulator 140 and the



the minimum airflow rate
maximum airflow rate of



of the at least one
the at least one second



second airflow regulator
airflow regulator 146



146









Thus, it should be understood that the at least one second airflow regulator 146 is always in series with the damper 142 and in parallel with the at least one first airflow regulator 140 when the damper 142 is open, and the maximum airflow rate permitted to flow through the zone control terminal 102 is the maximum airflow rate of the sum of the at least one first airflow regulator 140 and the at least one second airflow regulator 146. For example, if each of the at least one first and second airflow regulators 140 and 146 had specifications of permitting airflow between 10-175 CFM, then when the damper 142 is in the closed position illustrated in FIG. 13A, the maximum airflow through the zone control terminal 102 is controlled by the at least one first airflow regulator 140 and becomes 175 CFM. However, if the damper 142 has been actuated to the open position in response to a need in a particular zone or area 14′, then the maximum airflow through the zone control terminal 102 becomes 350 CFM (the maximum airflow of the at least one first airflow regulator 140 of 175 CFM added to the maximum airflow of 175 CFM of the at least one second airflow regulator 146). In contrast, note that in the prior embodiments described herein, the airflow regulators were situated in series, and in one embodiment the minimum airflow regulator was actually situated in the damper 142. The maximum airflow rate in such embodiments was limited to the highest maximum airflow rate of the airflow regulators in the series.
Advantageously, the airflow regulators 140, 146 may have the same specifications, but more typically, they have different minimum and maximum airflow rate specifications may be utilized in this embodiment. This may be advantageous for customizing or adapting the zone control terminal 102 to particular environments or structures. For example, in an environment or room (e.g., an auditorium in a building) that is normally unused, but suddenly becomes filled with people, it may be desired to provide a high maximum airflow rate that permits a large airflow through the zone control terminal 102.
It should also be understood that one or more features of the embodiments described earlier herein may be utilized with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13A-13D. For example, at least one third airflow regulator may be placed in the damper 142 as illustrated similar to the embodiment shown and described relative to FIG. 6. It should also be understood that one or more other airflow regulators may be situated in the wall 114 or in other sub-ducts or duct extensions (not shown) that are mounted either in or to the wall 114 in a similar manner as the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132. In other words, the wall 114 may be utilized to support more sub-ducts or duct extensions than the two sub-ducts or duct extensions 130, 132 illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13D. When the damper 142 is actuated to the open position, the damper 142 may actuate a damper switch as described earlier herein.
It should also be understood that the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130, 132 can take other shapes and forms and can be the same or different sizes. In the illustration shown in FIGS. 13A-13D, the first sub-duct or duct extension 130 is larger in length and diameter than the second sub-duct or duct extension 132. The bigger diameter permits the at least one second airflow regulator 146 to be larger than the at least one first airflow regulator 140. Alternatively, the sub-ducts or duct extensions may be of the same size, or again, of different sizes. In the illustration being described, the at least one first airflow regulator 140 is smaller and has a lower maximum airflow rate than the at least one second airflow regulator 146.
Referring back to FIG. 13D, note that the sub-duct or duct extension 130 comprises a first foam seal 156 and a second foam seal 158, both of which are conventional adhered in opposed relation to an interior surface or wall 130a of the sub-duct or duct extension 130. Note that when the damper 142 is in the closed position, a first surface 142a (FIG. 13C) of the damper 142 engages the first foam seal 156 (FIG. 13B) and the generally opposing second surface 142b (FIG. 13A) engages the second foam seal 158 as illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13D. It should be understood that the first and second foam seals 156 and 158 are slightly longitudinally offset from each other along the longitudinal axis of the sub-duct or duct extension 130 to enable the damper 142 to move between the open and closed positions.
During use, the damper 142 may be normally closed (FIG. 13A), in which case the first airflow regulator 140 controls airflow through the zone control terminal 102. A corresponding airflow graph is shown in FIG. 13A. For example, if the at least one or a plurality of first airflow regulators 140 have specifications of regulating airflow between 10 and 175 CFM. When there is a call for additional airflow resulting from the switch 54′ as described earlier herein, the switch 54′ causes the motor 52′ to be energized and actuate the damper 142 from the closed position illustrated in FIG. 13A to the open position illustrated in FIG. 13D. Once in the open position, the at least one second airflow regulator 146 becomes active. The resulting airflow through the zone control terminal 102 is illustrated in the CFM to pressure difference graph shown in FIG. 13D and will be the sum of the airflow permitted through the at least one first airflow regulator 140 and the at least one second airflow regulator 146 as mentioned and described earlier herein relative to the Table I.
Advantageously, the system and method of the embodiment of FIGS. 13A-13D permit an increased amount of maximum airflow when desired. Features of the previous embodiments may be used in at least one or both of the sub-ducts or duct extensions 130 and 132. For example, although not shown, the sub-duct or duct extension 132 may also comprise a damper in series with the airflow regulator 140 and may also comprise one or more of the other features of the embodiments described earlier herein.
As mentioned earlier, it should be understood that the zone control terminal 102 could be provided with more sub-ducts or duct extensions if desired and those sub-ducts or duct extensions may comprise airflow regulators and dampers as described herein relative to the embodiment of FIGS. 13A-13D or as described relative to the prior embodiments. For example, the additional sub-ducts or duct extensions (not shown) may comprise at least one or a plurality of constant airflow regulators situated in series and used with or without a damper.
While the system, apparatus and method herein described constitute preferred embodiments of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise system, apparatus and method, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A zone control terminal for use in an air distribution system, said zone control terminal comprising:
a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening;
a first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said housing;
a damper located in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and situated between said entry opening and said exit opening, said damper being movable between an open position and a closed position;
a motor for driving said damper between said open position and said closed position;

a second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said housing;
at least one first airflow regulator situated said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct that is not situated in series with said damper; and
at least one second airflow regulator situated in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct in series with said damper;
wherein said zone control terminal is adapted to receive airflow from a supply duct, with said airflow passing through said zone control terminal to or from at least one zone, said at least one first airflow regulator, said at least one second airflow regulator and said damper cooperating to control an airflow rate of all air passing through said supply duct to or from said at least one zone;
wherein said at least one first airflow regulator controls or permits a predetermined minimum amount of airflow through said housing when said damper is in said closed position and said at least one second airflow regulator cooperating with said at least one first airflow regulator to control or permit a predetermined maximum amount of airflow through said housing when said damper is in said open position, said predetermined maximum amount of airflow through said zone control terminal being a sum of a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator and a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator;
wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is a constant airflow regulator over a varying range of pressure;
wherein said at least one second airflow regulator is a constant airflow regulator over a varying range of pressure.

2. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least one second airflow regulator is situated in a duct, said damper being operatively associated with said duct so that when said damper is in said closed position, no airflow passes through said at least one second airflow regulator.

3. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein when said damper is in said closed position, said airflow passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and does not pass through said at least one second airflow regulator.

4. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein when said damper is in said open position, said airflow passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and also passes through said at least one second airflow regulator to permit said predetermined maximum amount of airflow through said zone control terminal.

5. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator are situated in a common sub-duct or duct member.

6. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is situated in a sub-duct or duct extension in said housing independent of said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator.

7. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 5 wherein said housing comprises a wall having a first aperture and a second aperture, said at least one first airflow regulator being adapted to regulate airflow through said first aperture and said at least one second airflow regulator and said damper being adapted to regulate airflow through said second aperture.

8. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 7 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and in communication with said first aperture and at least one first airflow regulator is situated in said first sub-duct or duct member.

9. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 7 wherein said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and in communication with said second aperture and having at least one of said damper or said at least one first airflow regulator situated in said second sub-duct or duct member.

10. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 9 wherein both said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator are situated in said second sub-duct or duct member.

11. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 9 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is situated adjacent said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is said housing.

12. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said zone control terminal further comprises at least one third airflow regulator situated in said damper.

13. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is different than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

14. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 13 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is less than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

15. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein each of said at least one first airflow regulator and said at least one second airflow regulator comprises a single constant airflow regulator.

16. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said at least one first airflow regulator permits a minimum amount of airflow from an area in a structure.

17. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 16 wherein said minimum amount of airflow is at least 10 CFM.

18. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein a motor control signal for energizing said motor is generated by at least one switch.

19. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 18 wherein said switch responds to at least one of a humidity sensor, manual control, timed mechanism, occupancy, or other indicators of presence.

20. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said damper actuates a damper switch in response to said motor driving said damper to said open position.

21. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said damper further comprises a pivot arm coupled to said motor and a spring mounted on said pivot arm for biasing said damper to said closed position.

22. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said housing defines a terminal duct, said zone control terminal further comprising:
said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said terminal duct;
said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said terminal duct;
said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct having said at least one first airflow regulator therein for regulating airflow through said first sub-duct, duct member or duct extension;
said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct having said at least one second airflow regulator therein for regulating airflow though said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct;
said damper being operatively coupled to or associated with said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct to cause no airflow or airflow that is regulated by said at least one second airflow regulator to flow therethrough.

23. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein both of said at least one first airflow regulator is located in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and said at least one second airflow regulator is located in said second duct, duct member or sub-duct, each of said first and second ducts, duct members, duct extensions or sub-ducts being located inside said housing so that said at least one first and second airflow regulators can control airflow through said housing.

24. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein at least one said at least one first airflow regulator or said at least one second airflow regulator is located in a duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct mounted inside said housing.

25. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 24 wherein said housing is generally rectangular and said duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-ducts generally cylindrical.

26. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 25 wherein said housing has a wall defining a plurality of apertures, said zone control terminal comprising a plurality of ducts, duct members, duct extensions or sub-duct with each of said plurality of apertures.

27. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 26, wherein said plurality of ducts, duct members, duct extensions or sub-ducts comprises two.

28. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 26, wherein said plurality of ducts, duct members, duct extensions or sub-ducts comprises more than two.

29. A system for regulating airflow is a structure having a plurality of zones, said system comprising:
a plurality of terminals associated with each of said plurality of zones, respectively;
at least one conduit for coupling an airflow generator to each of said plurality of terminals;
each of said plurality of terminals comprising:
a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening;
a first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said housing;
a damper located in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and situated between said entry opening and said exit opening, said damper being movable between an open position and a closed position;
a motor for driving said damper between said open position and said closed position, said motor being responsive to an airflow demand;
a second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said housing;
at least one first airflow regulator situated in each of said plurality of terminals; and
at least one second airflow regulator situated in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct in series with said damper;

wherein said zone control terminal is adapted to receive airflow form a supply duct, with said airflow passing through said zone control terminal to or from at least one zone, said at least one first airflow regulator, said at least one second airflow regulator and said damper cooperating to control an airflow rate of all air passing through said supply duct to or from said at least one zone;
wherein said at least one first airflow regulator controls or permits a first predetermined amount of airflow and said damper and at least one second airflow regulator cooperating with said at least one first airflow regulator to control or permit a second predetermined amount of airflow through said housing when said damper is in said open position, said second predetermined amount of airflow through said plurality of terminals, said second predetermined amount of airflow being a sum of a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator and a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator;
wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is a constant air flow regulator over a varying range of pressure;
wherein said at least one second airflow regulator is a constant airflow regulator over a varying range of pressure.

30. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises an interior wall having a first passageway, said at least one first airflow regulator regulating airflow passing through said first passageway.

31. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 30 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises an interior wall having a second passageway, said at least one second airflow regulator regulating airflow passing through said second passageway when said damper is in said open position.

32. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 31 wherein said first passageway and said second passageway are defined by said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct, respectively.

33. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 31 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct coupled to said wall and defining said first passageway and said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct coupled to said wall and defining said second passageway, said at least one second airflow regulator being situated in said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct with said damper, said damper being operatively associated with said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct so that when said damper is in said closed position, no airflow passes through said at least one second airflow regulator.

34. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein when said damper is in said closed position, said airflow passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and does not pass through said at least one second airflow regulator.

35. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein when said damper is in said open position, a first portion of said airflow passing through said plurality of terminals passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and a second portion of said airflow that passes through said plurality of terminals passes through said at least one second airflow regulator to permit said second predetermined amount of airflow through said plurality of terminals.

36. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is situated in a said duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct independent of said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator.

37. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein said housing comprises a wall having a first passageway and a second passageway, said at least one first airflow regulator being adapted to regulate airflow through said first passageway and said at least one first airflow regulator and said at least one second airflow regulator being adapted to regulate airflow through said second passageway.

38. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 37 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and defining said first passageway and at least one first airflow regulator is situated in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct.

39. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 38 wherein said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and defining said second passageway and having at least one of said damper or said at least one first airflow regulator situated in said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct.

40. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 39 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is situated generally adjacent and having an axis that is generally parallel to an axis of said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct in said housing.

41. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is different than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

42. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 41 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is less than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

43. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein each of said at least one first airflow regulator and said at least one second airflow regulator comprises a single constant airflow regulator having different minimum airflow rates.

44. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein a switch responds to at least one of a humidity sensor, manual control, timed mechanism, occupancy, or other indicators of presence.

45. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein said damper further comprises a pivot arm coupled to said motor and a spring mounted on said pivot arm for biasing said damper to said closed position.

46. The system for regulating airflow as recited in claim 29 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises a pivotable cover.

47. A zone control system for use in a structure having a plurality of zones, said zone control system comprising:
a plurality of terminals associated with each of said plurality of zones, respectively, said plurality of terminals being adapted to receive airflow from an airflow generator;
each of said plurality of terminals comprising:
a housing having an entry opening for receiving airflow and an exit opening;
a first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situation in said housing;
a damper located in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and situated between said entry opening and said exit opening, said damper being movable between an open position and a closed position;
a motor for driving said damper between said open position and said closed position, said motor being responsive to a demand;
a second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in said housing;
at least one first airflow regulator situated in said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct situated in parallel with said damper; and
at least one second airflow regulator situated in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct in series with said damper;

wherein said zone control terminal is adapted to receive air flow from a supply duct, with said airflow passing through said zone control terminal to or from at least one zone, said at least one first airflow regulator, said at least one second airflow regulator and said damper cooperating to control an airflow rate of all air passing through said supply duct to or from said at least one zone;
wherein when said damper is in said closed position said at least one first airflow regulator permits airflow to a first predetermined level and when said damper is in said open position, said at least one first airflow regulator cooperates with said at least one second airflow regulator to permit airflow to a second predetermined level;
wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is a constant airflow regulator over a varying rage of pressure;
wherein said at least one second airflow regulator is a constant airflow regulator over a varying range of pressure.

48. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein said second predetermined level is a maximum airflow level and is a sum of the airflow through said at least one first airflow regulator and said at least one second airflow regulator.

49. The zone control system as recited in claim 48 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises an interior wall having a second passageway, said at least one second airflow regulator regulating airflow passing through said second passageway when said damper is open.

50. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein said first passageway and said second passageway are defined by said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct and said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct, respectively.

51. The zone control system as recited in claim 49 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct coupled to said wall and defining said first passageway and said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct coupled to said wall and defining said second passageway, said at least one second airflow regulator being situated in said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct with said damper, said damper being operatively associated with said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct so that when said damper is in said closed position, no airflow passes through said at least one second airflow regulator.

52. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein when said damper is in said closed position, said airflow passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and does not pass through said at least one second airflow regulator.

53. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein when said damper is in said open position, a first portion of said airflow passing through said plurality of terminals passes through said at least one first airflow regulator and a second portion of said airflow that passes through said plurality of terminals passes through said at least one second airflow regulator to permit a second predetermined amount of airflow through said plurality of terminals.

54. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein said at least one first airflow regulator is situated in a duct duct member, duct extension or sub-duct independent of said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator.

55. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein said housing comprises a wall having a first passageway and a second passageway, said at least one first airflow regulator being adapted to regulate airflow through said first passageway and said at least one first airflow regulator and said at damper and said at least one second airflow regulator being adapted to regulate airflow through said second passageway.

56. The zone control system as recited in claim 55 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and defining said first passageway and at least one first airflow regulator is situated in said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct.

57. The zone control system as recited in claim 56 wherein said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is coupled to said wall and defining said second passageway and having at least one of said damper or said at least one first airflow regulator situated in said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct.

58. The zone control system as recited in claim 57 wherein said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct is situated generally adjacent and having an axis that is generally parallel to an axis of said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct in housing.

59. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is different than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

60. The zone control system as recited in claim 59 wherein a maximum airflow rate of said at least one first airflow regulator is less than a maximum airflow rate of said at least one second airflow regulator.

61. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein each of said at least one first airflow regulator and said at least one second airflow regulator comprises a single constant airflow regulator having different minimum airflow rates.

62. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein a switch responds to at least one of a humidity sensor, manual control, timed mechanism, occupancy, or other indicators of presence.

63. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein each of said plurality of terminals further comprises a damper switch coupled to said airflow generator for causing airflow in said system, said damper switch being actuated when said damper is moved to said open position.

64. The zone control system as recited in claim 63 wherein said damper actuates said damper switch in response to said motor driving said damper to said open position.

65. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein said damper further comprises a pivot arm coupled to said motor and a spring mounted on said pivot arm for biasing said damper to said closed position.

66. The zone control system as recited in claim 47 wherein each of said plurality of terminals comprises a pivotable cover.

67. The zone control terminal as recited in claim 1 wherein said housing defines an area that houses said first duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct having said damper and said at least one second airflow regulator associated therewith and said second duct, duct member, duct extension or sub-duct having said at least one first airflow regulator associated therewith.