Revision of the Cypridinacea

of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda)

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 178
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 17 8

Revision of the Cypridinacea

of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda)

Louis S. Kornicker

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1974
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Revision of Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples (Ostracoda).

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 178, 64 pages, 26 figures, 1974.—

The Cypridinacea described by G. W. Miiller in 1894 are restudied. Supplementary descriptions and new illustrations are given for 11 of the 12 species described

by Miiller. In addition three new species from Miiller s material and two new

genera and two new species from specimens collected from 1962 to 1966 in the

Gulf of Naples, are described. Cypridina squamosa lerneri Kornicker, 1958, is

raised to the specific level and referred to the genus Skogsbergia as Skogsbergia

lerneri (Kornicker, 1958).

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in

the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5124. SERIES COVER DESICN:

The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Kornicker, Louis S. 1919-

Revision of the Cypridinacea of the Gulf of Naples.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 178)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs.: SI 1.27: 178.

I. Myodocopa. 2. Crustacea—Italy—Naples, Bay of. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 178.

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Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.95 (paper cover)
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Acknowledgments 1

Abbreviations in the Text and Figures 1

Classification 2

Key to the Families of Cypridinacea 3

Cypridinidae Baird, 1850 3

Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962 3

Skogsbergia squamosa (Miiller, 1894) . : 4

Skogsbergia costai, new species 8

Philomedidae Muller, 1906 12

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae 12

Philomedinae Muller, 1906 12

Philomedes Liljeborg, 1853 12

Philomedes levis Muller, 1894 12

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962 14

Euphilomedes asper (Muller, 1894) 14

Euphilomedes sinister, new species 17

Pseudophilomedinae Kornicker, 1967 21

Pseudophilomedes Muller, 1894 21

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Muller, 1894 21

Sarsiellidae Brady and Norman, 1896 27

Sarsiella Norman, 1869 27

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869 27

Sarsiella neapolis, new species 33

Cylindroleberididae Muller, 1906 36

Key to the Subfamilies of Cylindroleberididae 36

Cylindroleberidinae Muller, 1906 36

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965 36

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920) 36

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868 40

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate 40

Prionotoleberis, new genus 43

Prionotoleberis gyion, new species 43

Polyleberis, new genus 48

Polyleberis mackenziei, new species 50

Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965 52

Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920 52

Cycloleberis lobiancoi (Muller, 1894) 52

Literature Cited 60

Index 63

Revision of the Cypridinacea

of the Gulf of Naples

(Ostracoda)

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

The present work is principally a revision of the

Cypridinacea described by G. W. Miiller in his

monumental 1894 publication on the Ostracoda of

the Gulf of Naples. With the exception of 13 specimens, the ostracodes studied herein are from the

Gulf of Naples collection of Prof. Miiller made

available to me by Dr. Harbans S. Puri, who had

obtained it from several museums. This study is

part of a project organized by Dr. Puri for the restudy of the Ostracoda of the Gulf of Naples.

Miiller (1894) described 12 species of Cypridinidae ( = Cypridinacea herein) from the Gulf of Naples. The present revision discusses 11 of these

(Pseudophilomedes angiilata was not available for

study) and, in addition, describes three new species

from Muller's material and two new species and

two genera from the new collections.

In Das Tierreich, Miiller (1912), in effect, revised his 1894 work, placing Cylindroleberis oblonga in synonymy with Asterope mariae and referring Cylindroleberis teres and Cylindroleberis

lobiancoi to Asterope teres and Cyclasterope lobiancoi, respectively. In the present revision the

names of only 3 of the 11 species described by

Miiller in 1894 and studied herein remain the same

(Table 1), but 5 of the 11 had been already

changed by previous authors. The descriptions of

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D.C. 20560.

species herein differ from those of Miiller in being

more detailed and in having more appendages illustrated.

Collections made by Dr. Puri and Dr. Gioacchino

Bonaduce during 1962-1963 contained 10 specimens of Cypridinacea belonging to 7 species, 1

new and 6 previously collected by G. W. Miiller in

the Gulf of Naples. During a week of collecting in

1966 from some of Muller's localities, I obtained

only two specimens of a new species and one specimen of a species described previously by Miiller

(1894).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—Without the stimulation

and logistic support of Dr. Harbans S. Puri, this

paper would probably not have been written. Dr.

Puri's studies on the Gulf of Naples were supported by the National Science Foundation Grants,

nos. G14562 and GB2621, and Stazion Zoologica,

Napoli. The source of the specimens studied are

indicated in the text. I am grateful to Dr. E. M.

Poulsen for reviewing the manuscript and suggesting many changes. The ostracode carapaces in Figure 13 were drawn by Mrs. Carolyn Bartlett Gast,

who also prepared Figures 3-7, 16-18, 20, 21, 23,

and 26 from my camera lucida drawings. Final

preparation, from my camera lucida drawings, of

Figures 1 and 2, was done by Mrs. Elaine Taylor

Hodges and of Figures 8-12, 14, and 15 was done

by Mrs. Ann Hoskins.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE TEXT AND FIGURES.—The

following abbreviations are used throughout: ant =

antenna; arrow = the anterior of the structure;
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Comparison of species names and classification used by

(names with same number are equivalent

Miiller (1894, 1912) and herein

species)

Herein Miiller, 1894 Miiller, 1912

Suborder: Myodocopina

Superfamily: Cypridinacea

Family: Cypridinidae

Subfamily: Cypridininae

1. Skogsbergia costai, new species

2. S. squamosa

Family: Philomedidae

Subfamily: Philomedinae

3. Euphilomedes sinister, new species

4. E. asper

5. Philomedes levis

Subfamily: Pseudophilomedinae

6. Pseudophilomedes foveolatus

7. [No specimens]

Family: Sarsiellidae

Subfamily: Sarsiellinae

8. Sarsiella neapolis, new species

9. S. capsula

Family: Cylindroleberididae

Subfamily: Cylindroleberidinae

10. Cylindroleberis species

indeterminate

11. Parasterope muelleri

Prionotoleberis gyion, new genus,

new species

Polyleberis mackenziei, new genus,

new species

Subfamily: Cyclasteropinae

12. Cycloleberis lobiancoi

Tribe: Myodocopa

Family: Cypridinidae

Subfamily: Cypridinidae

1. Cypridina mediterranea

2. C. squamosa

3. Philomedes interpuncta

4. P. aspera

5. P. levis

6. Pseudophilomedes foveolata

7. P. angulata

8. Sarsiella capsula

9. 5. levis

10. Cylindroleberis oblonga

11. C. teres

Suborder: Myodocopa

Family: Cypridinidae

Subfamily: Cypridininae

1. Cypridina mediterranea

2. C. squamosa

Subfamily: Philomedinae

3. Philomedes interpuncta

4. P. aspera

5. P. levis

6. Pseudophilomedes foveolata

7. P. angulata

Subfamily: Sarsiellinae

8. Sarsiella capsula

9. S. levis

Subfamily: Asteropinae

10. Asterope mariae

11. A. teres

12. C. lobianci 12. Cyclasterope lobiancoi

bas. = basale; cox. = coxale; end. = endopodite;

ep. = epipodite; ex. = exopodite; GMZ = Zoological

Institute of Greifswald, Germany i.m. = inner margin of infold; l.eye = lateral eye; l.p. = lamellar prolongation; mand. = mandible; m.eye = medial eye;

m.s. = muscle scar; mx. = maxilla; precox. = precoxale; u.lip = upper lip; USNM = United States National Museum collection in the National Museum

of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution;

ZMB = Zoological Museum of Berlin.

Classification

Miiller (1894) subdivided the Ostracoda into

two tribes (=suborders), Myodocopa and Podocopa. The tribe Myodocopa consisted of three families: Cypridinidae, Halocypridae, and Polycopidae.

The present paper is concerned with ostracods recognized by Muller as forming the family Cypridinidae. In 1894 Muller recognized only five genera in

the Cypridinidae but, later (Muller, 1912), he

recognized four subfamilies: Cypridininae, Philomedinae, Sarsiellinae, Asteropinae. Skogsberg

(1920) raised the family Cypridinidae to a suborder (Cypridiniformes) and placed within it four

families: Cypridinidae, Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae, Asteropidae. Sylvester-Bradley (1961:Q397)

lowered the rank of Cypridiniformes to a superfamily (Cypridinacea) composed of the families

Cypridinidae, Cylindroleberididae (=Asteropidae),

Sarsiellidae, and three families with only fossil

representatives. Poulsen (1962, 1965) and Hartmann (1965) were in general agreement with
NUMBER 178

Skogsberg (1920). Kornicker (1967a) recognized

six families in the Cypridinacea: Cypridinidae,

Rutidermatidae, Sarsiellidae, Cylindroleberididae,

Philomedidae, and Pseudophilomedidae, but later

relegated the last family to subfamily status

(Kornicker, 1968). Members of Rutidermatidae

are not present in material from the Gulf of Naples.

Key to the Families of Cypridinacea

1. Well-developed gills along posterior of body, maxilla with baleen-comb . CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE

Without well-developed gills and baleen-comb on maxilla 2

2. Mandible of female with large pincers distally RUTIDERMATIDAE

Mandible without large pincers 3

3. Fifth limb of female with large teeth 4

Fifth limb of female without large teeth SARSIELLIDAE

4. Lamellar prolongation of selvage with fringe of hair, fifth limb of female with quadrate

tooth PHILOMEDIDAE

Lamellar prolongation of selvage without fringe of hair, fifth limb of female without quadrate tooth CYPRIDINIDAE

CYPRIDINIDAE Baird, 1850

This family is represented in the collection by

only one genus, Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962, with

two species.

Skogsbergia Poulsen, 1962

TYPE-SPECIES.—Skogsbergia minuta Poulsen,

1962, by present designation.

Poulsen (1962:162) established the genus Skogsbergia for cypridinids having the two following diagnostic characters: "An upper lip divided in

glandular, lobe-formed field, but without larger

processes; and a short, reduced, unjointed endopodite of the 2nd antenna."

Two species considered herein were included by

Poulsen (1962:146) in a list of species not investigated by him that he believed probably should be

included in the genus Skogsbergia: Skogsbergia

mediterranea (O. Costa) and Skogsbergia squamosa

(Miiller). My examination of the endopodite on

the 2nd antenna of the latter species and specimens

identified by Miiller (1894) as Cypridina mediterranea (Costa) ( = S. costai, new species) leads me

to interpret them as being 2-jointed, although the

separation between the joints is not always distinct

and the 2nd joint could be interpreted as the base

of the bristle. The endopodite of the 2nd antenna

of another species in Poulsen's list, Skogsbergia

megalops (Sars) must, according to the description

and illustration by Sars (1922), also be considered

to be 2-jointed. Therefore, I have emended the

diagnosis of the genus to include species having an

endopodite of the 2nd antenna with 1 or 2 joints.

Poulsen (1962:162) in his diagnosis of the genus,

which was based on the four species in his collection, stated that the bristle of the 2nd joint on the

exopodite of the 2nd antenna is characterized by

having only 5-9 spines, and the basale of the mandible is characterized by having only 1 d-bristle. It

has been necessary to disregard these criteria in order to include S. costai and S. squamosa in the

genus.

Characteristics of both S. costai and S. squamosa

seem to be intermediate between those diagnostic

of the genera Skogsbergia and Paradoloria Poulsen,

1962. Possibly these genera should be combined.

The criterion I have used herein to distinguish between the genera is that the length of the stem of

the endopodite of the 2nd antenna of Paradoloria

is more than twice its width, whereas, the length

of the stem on the same appendage of Skogsbergia

is less than twice its width. The endopodite of the

2nd antenna of Paradoloria is elongate and 3-

jointed compared to short and 1- or 2-jointed for

Skogsbergia, but the number of joints is not always

useful because of the difficulty in distinguishing

partitions between joints.

DIAGNOSIS.—Poulsen (1962:162) emended to

include S. costai, new species, and S. squamosa.

Second antenna: Endopodite short with 1 or 2

joints, length of stem less than twice its width; ventral margin of bristle on 2nd joint of exopodite

with 4-25 spines.

Mandible: Ventral margin of basale with 1 or 2
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

d-bristles, one of these being long, stout, with

wreaths of long hairs.

Furca: Each lamella with 7-11 claws; claw 2,

claws 2 and 3, or no claws may be separated from

lamella.

Seventh limb: Each limb with 12-28 bristles.

Skogsbergia squamosa (Miiller, 1894)

FIGURES 1, 2

Cypridina squamosa Muller, 1894:207, pi. 2, figs. 3, 6, 7, 21,

28-32; 1912:10 [key], 12 [diagnosis].—Rome, 1942:8 [listed];

1965:4, table 1 [listed].—Puri, 1963:2 [listed].

Cypridina (Vargula) squamosa.—Skogsberg, 1920:75, 247 [discussion].

Skogsbergia squamosa.—Poulsen, 1962:162 [discussion], 163

[distribution], 164 [key].

Not Cypridina squamosa.—Trcssler, 1949:335, fig. 21 [probably Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker, 1958); see p. 4].

Not Cypridina squamosa lerneri.—Kornicker, 1959:229, figs.

Ala-b, 4Sa-d, 49«-e [ = Skogsbergia lerneri (Kornicker,

1958); see p. 4].

Not Cypridina (?) squamosa.—Brady, 1897:90, pi. 16, figs. 10-

12 [species dubium].

LECTOTYPE (designated herein).—One female

with eggs in ovaries (ZMB 9151). Carapace, upper

lip, 1st antenna preserved in alcohol, remaining

appendages on 1 slide; collected by G. W. Muller.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

MATERIAL.—Pre-adult $ with eggs in ovaries

(ZMB 9151). Carapace, upper lip, and one 1st antenna preserved in alcohol; remaining appendages

on slides (lectotype). Adult ? without carapace

from the Zoological Institute of Greifswald (GMZ

24999); dissected specimen now on slides. The

description given below is based on this specimen

and the lectotype. The specimen was in a vial,

which also contained a juvenile without carapace

and four separated valves. All specimens collected

by G. W. Muller.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples;

also reported oft Monaco (Rome, 1942, 1965).

Brady and Norman (1896:650) referred specimens collected in the Gulf of Naples to Cypridina

mediterranea Costa, 1845. They recognized two

forms "typica " and "Var. b," and stated that after

their description was written, Muller (1894) described variety b under the name Cypridina

squamosa. Later, Muller (1912:12) included Brady

and Norman's variety b in his synonomy of C.

squamosa, but questioned it. As Brady and Norman

did not describe the appendages, and illustrated

(1896, pi. 54: figs. 3, 4) only a lateral and dorsal

view of the carapace, it is not possible to refer, with

certainty, their variety b, to any particular species.

A specimen designated "Cypridina (?) squamosa" by Brady (1897:90, pi. 16: figs. 10-12) does

not have the 2nd and 3rd claws of the furca united

with the lamella. Brady (1897:90) recognized that

he knew too little about the soft parts of the species

to be certain about its generic position. He apparently named the species prior to being aware of

Miiller's 1894 name for the Gulf of Naples' species,

and did not wish to change the name in manuscript. Muller (1912:52) correctly listed this species

under "Cypridinidarurn genera dubia et species

dubiae."

Skogsberg (1920:247) included Cypridina squamosa Muller in a list of species to be included in

his subgenus Vargula.

Tressler (1949:335, fig. 21) identified specimens

from Florida as Cypridina squamosa Muller. I have

examined the caudal furca on one of Tressler's

specimens (USNM 88862) and find only claw 2

continuous with the lamella, and, therefore, conclude that Tressler's specimens are not conspecific

with S. squamosa.

Kornicker (1958:229, figs. Ala-b; 48a-d; 49a-e)

identified specimens from the Bahamas as Cypridina squamosa lerneri. These have only claw 2 of

the furca continuous with the lamella. I believe

that this difference warrents raising the subspecies

to specific rank. After having examined a para type,

I conclude that the species C. lerneri should be referred to the genus Skogsbergia.

Poulsen (1962:162) referred C. squamosa to

Skogsbergia.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height posterior to middle;

FIGURE 1.—Skogsbergia squamosa: a, anterior part of right

valve, medial view; b, central muscle scars of left valve, lateral view; c, scalelike pattern on shell (from near posterior

part of shell); d, anterior part of right valve, lateral view;

e, section of posteroventral margin of left valve, medial

view; /, section of ventral margin of left valve, medial view;

g, posterior right valve, medial view; h, posterior left valve,

medial view; i, left 1st antenna, lateral view; ;', right 2nd antenna, medial view; k, proximal part of endopodite of right

2nd antenna; /, right mandible, medial view; m, anterior

margin of 2nd joint of endopodite of right mandible, medial

view; n, left maxilla, lateral view; o, tip of right maxilla,

medial view; p, ventral part of right 5th limb, posterior view.

(ah, n-p, ZMB 9151, lectotype; i-m, GMZ 24999.)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

inferior tip of rostrum pointed; inner margin of

incisur rounded (Figure \a,d); caudal process narrow extending to middle of posterior margin (Figure \g,h).

Ornamentation: Surface with scalelike reticulations (Figure Ic) posterior margin of scales convex; shell surface appearing smooth under low

magnification; valves translucent with lateral eyes

and muscle scars visible in external view.

Infold (Figure le,f): Infold broad and vestibule

deep along anterior shell margin and in front of

caudal process; infold narrow and vestibule shallow along ventral margin; infold above incisur

with about 16 bristles, below incisur and along

ventral margin with about 25 bristles in row.

Hinge: Sclerotized inner ridge of caudal process

of left value with knob at dorsal end which may

interlock with socket on right valve.

Marginal pore canals: Numerous along free margins. Similarly oriented canals also present along

sclerotized inner bar of caudal process.

Central muscle scars (Figure 16): Consisting of

about 15 individual scars; of these, 3 elongate anterior scars slope downward posteriorly, whereas,

posterior scars trend downward anteriorly producing a roughly chevron-type muscle scar.

Size: $ (N-l instar), length 2.61 mm, height 1.69

mm. Muller (1894:207) gave the lengths of 2 females as 3.3 mm, and of 2 males as 2.6 mm.

Sexual dimorphism: According to Muller (1894:

207), the shell of the male is similar to that of the

female but smaller.

First antenna (Figure \i): 3rd joint with dorsal

margin longer than ventral, dorsal bristle proximal

to middle, and ventral bristle distal to middle; 4th

joint with 2 bare terminal bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; 5th joint separated from 6th by distinct suture;

sensory bristle of 5th joint with 8 long proximal

and 3 or 4 short distal filaments; 6th joint with

bare lateral bristle. 7th joint: a-bristle bare, bbristle with about 3 filaments, c-bristle with short

proximal filaments and 1 long and 1 short distal

filament. 8th joint with 4 bristles: d- and e-bristles

bare, f- and g-bristles with filaments.

Second antenna (Figure \j,k): Protopodite with

medial bristle with short marginal spines. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 5 bristles consisting

of a proximal group with 3 short bare bristles and

1 long bristle with marginal spines and a distal

long ventral bristle with few marginal spines; 2nd

joint with long, faintly annulate, terminal bristle

(2nd joint could be interpreted as being bulbous

base of bristle). Exopodite: length of 2nd joint

equal to combined lengths of joints 3-5; bristle of

2nd joint without curly hairs proximally and with

about 14 ventral spines; joints 3-9 with basal

spines, spines longer on distal joints; 9th joint with

4 bristles, 3 long and 1 short; bristles on joints 3-9

with natatory hairs.

Mandible (Figure \l,m): Coxale endite spinous.

Basale with 3 dorsal and 6 ventral bristles: 1 long

spinous and 2 short bare a-bristles, 1 long c-bristle,

and 1 long spinous and 1 short bare d-bristle. Exopodite with acute tip and 2 ventral bristles, proximal bristle longer of two. Endopodite: 1st joint

with 2 long and 2 short distoventral bristles; 2nd

joint with 3-4 ventral spinelike bristles, 1-2 distal

to middle and 2 proximal to terminal tooth, and

about 19 dorsal bristles; end-joint with 3 claws and

4 bristles. Ventral margin of basale on N-l $ with

8 bristles: 1 long and 2 short a-bristles, 1 short

b-bristle close to a-bristles, 1 short and 1 long cbristle, and 1 short bare and 1 long spinous dbristle; ventral margin of 2nd joint of endopodite

with 2 spinelike bristles distal to middle and 2

proximal to the reduced terminal tooth.

Maxilla (Figure \n,o): Precoxale with fringed

marginal epipodial appendage; coxale with plumose bristle on anterior margin; lst-3rd endites

hirsute, 1st with about 11 bristles, 2nd with about

7, 3rd with 7 distal and 1 proximal bristle; basale

with bare ventral bristle (missing on some appendages); 1st joint of endopodite with 2 bare a-bristles and 3 /?-bristles; cutting edge on distal posterior

corner of 1st joint consisting of ridge with 3 arcs;

end joint of endopodite short, with about 11 bristles; medial surface with clusters of fine hairs; exopodite hirsute along posterior margin, with 1

plumose posterior bristle and 2 terminal bristles,

1 bare, 1 plumose.

Fifth limb (Figure \p): Epipodial appendage

with 53-55 plumose bristles; endites I—III each with

about 5 bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with 6 curved

teeth in row followed by conical tooth; 2nd joint

with 4 curved clawlike teeth, 8 stout curved bare

bristles, and 3 plumose bristles; 3rd joint hirsute,

inner lobe with 2 distal and 1 proximal bristle,

outer lobe with 2 distal bristles; 4th and 5th joints

fused, hirsute with total of 4 bristles distally.

Sixth limb (Figure 2a): Epipodial appendage
NUMBER 178

FIGURE 2.—Skogsbergia squamosa: a, left 6th limb, lateral view; b, 7th limb; c, furca with brushshaped organ and genitalia; d, detail of proximal part of furca; e, brush-shaped organ; /, anterior part of animal with upper lip and rod-shaped organ; g, lateral eye; h, egg duster and

detail of an egg showing nucleolus, germinal vesicle and cytoplasm containing yoke granules.

(a, d, e, f, h, ZMB 9151, lectotype; b, c, g, GMZ 24999.)
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

with 4 bare bristles. End joint with 15 bristles, the

2 posterior bristles longer than others. First endite

with 1 long and 2 short bristles; 2nd endite with 2

long and 2 short bristles; 3rd endite with 3 long

and 1 short bristle; 4th endite with 3 long and 2

short bristles. End joint with clusters of spines on

lateral surface and longer spines along ventral margin; medial surface with clusters of long spines.

Seventh limb (Figure 2b): Adult $ with 13

proximal and 15 distal bristles; comb with about

20 square-tipped teeth opposite short blunt cylindrical tooth. N-l $ with 14 proximal and 14 distal

bristles and only about 14 teeth in comb. All bristles with 2-6 distal bells and without marginal

spines.

Furca (Figure 2c,d): Each lamella with 7 claws

in adult $ , 6 in N-l $ ; 2nd and 3rd claws united

with lamella; 4th claw more slender than 5th; ventral margin and lateral surface of each lamella

proximal to claws bearing clusters of short spines;

proximal claws on right lamella slightly longer

than on left; claws 1-5 with lateral and medial

spines in row along concave margin, claws 6-7 with

single row; claws 1-2 with minute spines distally

along convex margin; claw 1 with large medial

spines distally; several small spines present along

anterior margin of each lamella.

Brush-shaped organ (Figure 2e): Short lobe bearing 8 bare annulate bristles situated above genital

organs and behind each 7 th limb (observed on

both adult $ and N-l $).

Genitalia (Figure 2c): Bilobed (attached to one

of the lobes of the N-l $ is what appears to be a

rhizopod similar to the genus Centropyxis.)

Eyes (Figure 2g): Lateral eyes with 29-34 ommatidia, all but few divided; medial eye about half

diameter of lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 2/): Short, pearshaped with concentric ridges distally and terminal

node. Conical projection present between organ

and upper lip.

Upper lip (Figure 2/): Anterior lobe undivided

and with glandular openings; posterior lobe divided, hirsute; lateral lobes small, hirsute. Lower

lip helmet-shaped, hirsute.

Eggs (Figure 2h): Cluster of 13 round eggs present in each ovary of N-l $ instar.

Skogsbergia costai, new species

FIGURE 3

Cypridina mediterranea.—Mutter, 1894:206, pi. 1: fig. 16, pi.

2: figs. 1-2, 4-5, 8-20, 22-26, 33, pi. 34: figs. 21-24, 48, pi.

40: fig. 19 [not Costa, 1845].

Cypridina mediterranea [forma typica].—Brady and Norman,

1896:650, pi. 54: figs. 1, 2, pi. 55: figs. 1-11.

HOLOTYPE.—One female with eggs in ovaries in

Zoological Museum, Berlin (ZMB 9150:1) ; valves,

upper lip and some appendages preserved in alcohol, remaining appendages on slides; collected by

G. W. Miiller.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples. Miiller collected one specimen from the bottom and numerous specimens from the stomach of a fish "Mustelus

laevis." The vial containing the holotype did not

contain information concerning its exact source;

it is most likely from the fish stomach.

MATERIAL.—One complete female with eggs in

the ovaries and 3 separated valves (ZMB 9150). I

dissected the female and have designated it on labels as 9150 sp. 1 (holotype); the valves, some

appendages and the upper lip are preserved in alcohol, the remainng appendages are on slides. In addition to the above, I briefly examined, while at the

Zoological Station of Naples, about 21 specimens,

including separated valves (GMZ 24997); most of

these specimens were instars. The description below

is based principally on the complete female with

eggs, but the furca of a specimen from the Zoological Institute of Greifswald is also illustrated. All

specimens collected by G. W. Miiller.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DISCUSSION.—Miiller (1894:206) considered it

probable that ostracods known at that time as Cypridina mediterranea belonged to two or more

closely related species. He assigned the specimens

collected by him in the Bay of Naples to C. mediterranea because the outline of the shell conforms

rather well with the sketch by Costa (1845, pi. 1:

fig. 2), and because it was collected in the same

area. I do not believe that Miiller's specimens are

conspecific with C. mediterranea Costa because the

latter species has 59 bristles on the 7th appendage

(Costa, 1845, fig. 12), whereas, the 7th appendages

on Miiller's specimens have only 25-28 (Miiller,

1894, pi. 2: figs. 10-11; see Figure 3/E) . Also, C.

mediterranea Costa has 8 furcal claws (Costa, 1845,

fig. 14) compared to 10 or 11 for the specimens col-
NUMBER 178

lected by Miiller (1894, pi. 2: fig. 25; see Figure Si).

Dr. G. Bonaduce kindly inquired at the University

in Naples, which has in its collections ostracodes collected by Costa, but specimens of C. mediterranea could not be located. Because of this it is

necessary to rely on the description of the species

by Costa. I consider the above differences in the

7th appendage and the furca to be too great to be

the result of poor observation or variability within

a species. It is possible that the furca illustrated by

Costa is from a juvenile specimen; however, if it is

assumed that the well-developed 7th limb is from

the same specimen, the possibility of the specimen

being a juvenile diminishes.

Claus (1865:153, pi. 10: figs. 1,2-7) described the

new species Cypridina messinensis from the Mediterranean. In 1873 (p. 221, pi. 11: figs. 16-20) he

referred C. messinensis to Cypridina mediterranea

Costa. Brady and Norman (1896:650) and Miiller

(1894:00 [with a "?"]; 1912:11) agreed that C. messinensis was a synonym of C. mediterranea. The 6th

limb of C. messinensis and S. costai differ in that

C. messinensis has 10 bristles on the end joint and

3 bristles in place of the epipodial appendage

(Claus, 1965, pi. 10: fig. 5) compared to 18 and 4,

respectively, on S. costai (Miiller, 1894, pi. 2: fig.

13). In addition, the posterior process of the right

valve of C. messinensis illustrated by Claus (1865,

pi. 10: fig. 1) is considerably more prolonged than

that of either S. costai or C. mediterranea. The

same might be said of the shell of the specimen

from Triest illustrated by Claus (1876, pi. 18: fig.

5) and identified by him as C. mediterranea Costa.

Sars (1888:208) referred specimens collected at

Spezia in the Mediterranean to Cypridina mediterranea Costa. The appendages of Sars' specimens are

quite similar to those of the specimens collected by

Miiller in the Gulf of Naples, but as previously

stressed by Miiller (1894:207), Sars' specimens are

smaller. Sars (1888:208) gave the length of a female with eggs in the brood chamber as 2.62 mm

and of a male as 2.80 mm. Miiller (1894:206) gave

the length of a female as 3.9 mm and of 2 males as

2.7 mm; Miiller (1894:206) stated that the size of

the female varies but that, unfortunately, he could

not determine whether the animals of different sizes

bore eggs or were mature. The female that I describe herein has eggs in the ovaries and is 3.14 mm

long. It is known that differences in environment

can cause a difference in size of specimens of the

same species, but it seems unlikely that the size

could differ as much as found in the females collected in the Gulf of Naples and at Spezia. Therefore, I have not included Sars' species in the

synonymy of S. costai.

Brady and Norman (1896:650) referred specimens from the Bay of Naples to Cypridina mediterranea. They recognized two forms of this species:

"typica" and "Var. b." Form "typica" was considered by them to be close to C. mediterranea Costa;

"Var b" was considered close to C. messinensis

Claus, which they designated (1896:652) as "C.

mediterranea var. messinensis (Claus)." Form "typica" was referred to C. mediterranea Costa by

Miiller (1912:11). I believe that the specimens

designated "typica" by Brady and Norman are conspecific with those collected by Miiller and refer

them herein to S. costai. This belief is based primarily on the number of bristles (29) on the 7 th

limb (Brady and Norman, 1896, pi. 55: fig. 10), the

number of furcal claws (11) (Brady and Norman,

1896, pi. 55: fig. 11), and on the shape of the carapace (Brady and Norman, 1896, pi. 54: figs. 1,2).

Brady and Norman (1896:650) and Muller (1912:

11) included in the synonymy of C. mediterranea

Costa specimens referred to Bradycinetus brenda

(Baird, 1850) by Brady (1871:292, pi. 26: fig. 6),

who described the secondary branch of the male

2nd antenna as "largely developed and triarticulate." Although the specimens are largely unknown,

the morphology of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna of the male excludes it from the genus Skogsbergia.

Skogsberg (1920:247) included "Cypridina mediterranea, O. Costa, 1845, (G. W. Muller, 1894, p.

206, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8-20, 22-27, 33)" in a list

of species in his subgenus Vargula. Rome (1942:

7, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2) referred juveniles collected in the

vicinity of Monaco to Cypridina mediterranea

Costa. The 4th furcal claw illustrated by Rome

(1942, pi. I: fig. 2) is much shorter relative to the

3rd and 5th claws than the 4th claw on either S.

costai or C. mediterranea Costa. Therefore, I think

it necessary to consider the identification to be uncertain. Granata and Caporiacco (1949:6) refer

ostracodes from the Mediterranean to Cypridina

(Vargula) mediterranea (Costa). The ostracods are

not described in sufficient detail to verify the identification, but as the furca bears 10 claws, the

specimens probably are related more closely to the

NUMBER 178

11

specimens of Miiller than those of Costa. However,

it would be necessary to examine the specimens before attempting to reassign them. Poulsen (1962:

162) lists "Skogsbergia mediterranea (O. Costa)"

along with other species not investigated by him in

the genus Skogsbergia. Cypridina mediterranea

Costa has been reported from other areas in the

Mediterranean, but either without accompanying

descriptions or with insufficient description (e.g.,

Ramsch, 190a, 1906b; Brian, 1909; Hartmann,

1959; Reys, 1965a, 1965b; Rome, 1965).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (details of most appendages are obscured by debris and therefore description below is incomplete).—Carapace oval in

lateral view with greatest height near middle and

greatest length below middle, posterior evenly

rounded (Figure 3a-d); inferior tip of rostrum

narrowly rounded, inner margin of rostrum broadly

rounded.

Ornamentation: Surface smooth without ornamentation; valves translucent, lateral eyes and muscle scars visible in lateral view.

Infold (Figure 5b-d): Broad along anterior and

posterior parts of shell, narrow ventrally; infold

above incisur obsecure, but with 6 or more long

bristles; below incisur and along ventral margin

with about 21 bristles in row.

Hinge: Sclerotized ridge with knob at dorsal end

present near inner margin of inner lamella in posterior part of left valve; sclerotized ridge present on

inner lamella in posterodorsal part of right valve

fits in front of knob on left shell.

Marginal pore canals: Numerous canals present

along free margins.

Central muscle scars: Obscured in specimen examined. Muller (1894, pi. 2: figs. 1, 3) illustrates

valves with 11 elongate scars ventral to 1 oval scar.

Selvage: Narrow striated ridge with lamellar prolongation present along anterior and ventral valve

margins; lamellar prolongation with smooth margin, unstriate except along lower margin of incisur.

FIGURE 3.—Skogsbergia costai, new species, female: a, carapace showing position of central muscle scars and lateral eye;

b, rostral area left valve, medial view; c, posterior left valve,

medial view; d, posterior margin right valve, medial view;

e, part of endopodite of 2nd antenna; /, basale of right mandible, medial view; g, basale of left mandible, medial view;

h, lateral eye; i, furca; ;', claws 1-5 of left lamella of furca

(teeth on posterior margins of claws not shown); k, 7th

limb; /, upper lip; m, genitalia (spermatophores) n, cluster

of eggs (oil globules shown in 1 egg), (i, GMZ 24997; a, h, j-n,

ZMB 9150:1, holotype).

Size: Female holotype with eggs in ovaries, length

3.14 mm, height 1.95 mm. Muller (1894:206) gave

the length of a female as 3.9 mm, and of 2 males as

2.7 mm.

First antenna: 3rd joint short with 1 dorsal and

1 ventral bristle; 4th joint with 1 dorsal and 1 ventral bristle distally; sensory bristle of 5th joint with

about 12 marginal filaments, of these, distal 3

shorter than others; lateral bristle of 6th joint

about 3 times length of 7th joint; end joints with

bristles typical for genus.

Second antenna: Medial bristle of protopodite

not observed. Short endopodite with weak suture

separating 2 joints (Figure 3e): 1st joint with 1

long and several shorter bristles; 2nd joint with 1

long terminal bristle (2nd joint could be interpreted as bulbous base of bristle). Exopodite: bristle

of 2nd joint with about 25 ventral spines, and

about the same number of weaker spines dorsally

(proximal hairs not observed); bristles of joints

3-9 with natory hairs; 9th joint with 3 long and 1

medium bristle; joints 5-8 with large basal spines;

joint 9 with large lateral spine; dorsodistal corner

of joints 2-8 with minute spine, or comb of minute

spines. Dorsal margin of protopodite with numerous protozoans attached.

Debris obscured appendages, especially the endopodite. The 2nd antennae I examined is essentially

similar to that illustrated by Muller (1894, pi. 2:

fig. 22). A few differences are noted below. The endopodite in Miiller's illustration has only 1 joint,

whereas the specimen I examined has 2; however,

additional specimens should be examined before

definitely establishing which interpretation is correct. Another difference is that the bristle on the

2nd joint of the exopodite on the specimen I examined has both ventral and dorsal spines, whereas,

this bristle in Miiller's illustration has only ventral

spines. The ventral and dorsal spines could be seen

quite clearly on the specimen I examined. I think

it quite likely that the 4th joint of the exopodite

has a basal spine as shown by Muller; I could not

observe it on the appendages I examined, but this

could be because of the debris.

Left mandible: Basale (Figure 3g): Ventral margin with 3 a-bristles, 2 c-bristles, and 1 long dbristle; dorsal margin with 1 bristle near middle

and 2 subterminally. Ventral margin of 2nd endopodite joint with 2 single spines distally and a

group of 2 spines terminally.
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Right mandible: Ventral margin of basale differs

from left in having 1 short a-bristle, 2 c-bristles, and

1 short d-bristle (Figure 3/). The ventral margin

of the basale of the right mandible illustrated by

Miiller (1894, pi. 2: fig. 17) has 2 or 3 a-bristles, 1

c-bristle, and a long and short d-bristle. It is necessary to examine more specimens to determine the

variability of bristle distribution on the basale.

Seventh limb (Figure Sk): Each limb with about

14 lateral and 13 distal bristles; terminal comb with

about 12 or 14 blunt teeth.

Lateral eyes (Figure 3//): Large with 34-36 divided ommatidia.

Upper lip (Figure 3/): Consisting of unpaired

anterior part and paired posterior part without

tusks. An unpaired protuberence present above upper lip and below anterior margins of 1st antennae.

Furca (Figure 3i,/): Each lamella with 10 or 11

claws, all separated from lamella; 4th claw slightly

more slender than 5th; all claws with spines in row

laterally along concave margin; claw 1 with broad

medial spines distally and few short spines along

distal convex margin.

Genitalia (Figure 3m): Consisting of 2 parts,

each having 1 lobe (A spermatophore is connected

to each lobe in Figure 3m).

PHILOMEDIDAE Muller, 1906

The Philomedidae contains two subfamilies,

Philomedinae Muller, 1906, and Pseudophilomedinae Kornicker, 1967a; both subfamilies are represented in the Gulf of Naples.

Key to the Subfamilies of Philomedidae

Maxilla with 3 large endites; tooth on 2nd joint of 5th limb not prolonged PHILOMEDINAE

Maxilla with 2 large and 1 reduced endite; tooth on 2nd joint of 5th limb prolonged, fanglike

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE

PHILOMEDINAE Muller, 1906

The Philomedinae is represented in the collection by two genera Philomedes Liljeborg, 1853, and

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962.

Philomedes Liljeborg, 1853

TYPE-SPECIES.—Philomedes longicornis Liljeborg, 1853. Gender: Masculine.

Philomedes levis Muller, 1894

FIGURE 4

Philomedes levis Miiller, 1894:211, pi. 3: figs. 4, 15, 18, 29-31,

36; 1912;26, 30 [diagnosis].—Poulsen, 1962:345 [listed].

LECTOTYPE.—Female without eggs in the Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9153). I have designated this specimen: 9153:1. The valves of the

lectotype and some appendages are preserved in

alcohol; the remaining appendages are on slides.

An instar that was in the same vial is herein designated 9153:2. The instar which is a paralectotype,

is preserved whole in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—Two specimens (ZMB 9153) in vial

containing label "9153 Philomedes levis n. sp.

Muller." The female in this vial has been selected

as the lectotype and designated ZMB 9153:1. It is

presently preserved in alcohol except for some appendages on slides. The 2nd specimen, an instar

preserved in alcohol, is designated ZMB 9153:2. In

addition to the above I had the opportunity to examine briefly about 14 specimens preserved in alcohol GMZ 25010) at the Zoological Museum at Naples. The specimens are in poor condition.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (details of appendages

and carapace are obscured by debris and radial

crystals; therefore, the description is incomplete).—

Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height

FIGURE 4.—Philomedes levis: a, carapace, length 1.21 mm; b,

carapace, length 1.37 mm; c, part of anterior of left valve,

lateral view; d, posterior left valve, medial view; e, muscle

scars right valve, lateral view; /, anterior left valve, medial

view (lamellar prolongation not shown); g, part of exopodite

of 2nd antenna, medial view; h, left mandible, medial view

(all bristles not shown); i, coxale endite and part of basale

of left mandible, medial view; /, anterior of animal; k, terminal teeth of 5th limb; /, tip of 7th limb; m, exopodite of

maxilla; n, furca. (a, c, e, ZMB 9153:2; b, d, f-n, ZMB

9153:1.)
NUMBE

R 178

13
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and length near middle (Figure 4 a-c); linear anterior margin of rostrum forming acute angle with

ventral margin; inferior tip of rostrum with small

protuberance; posterior margin of valve with caudal

process at border with ventral margin.

Ornamentation: surface smooth without ornamentation; valves translucent with muscle scars

visible in lateral view.

Infold (Figure 4d,f): Broad along anterior and

posterior parts of valve, narrow ventrally; anteroventral part striate. (Bristles on infold are obscured by debris, but Miiller (1894, pi. 3: fig. 36)

illustrates 19 on rostrum and 10 below rostrum on

anteroventral part of infold.)

Central muscle scars (Figure 4e): 5 large ovoid

scars forming slight arc over 6 smaller scars and 2

rows of elongate scars: anterior row with 3 scars,

posterior row with 4. (The U-shaped scar shown by

Miiller (1894, pi. 3: fig. 4) is incorrect; it consists

of 2 ovoid scars with 2 smaller scars near their ventral margins.)

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation present

along rostrum and below incisur; prolongation being subdivided into broad platelets with blunt tips.

(The broad platelets are useful for recognizing this

species.)

Size: $ lectotype, length 1.37 mm, height 0.91

mm; instar paralectotype, length 1.21 mm, height

0.81 mm.

First antenna: 2nd joint with 1 dorsal, 1 lateral,

and 1 or 2 ventral bristles, about 5 clusters of

spines along ventral margin, and numerous clusters

on ventral surface; 2nd joint with 1 ventral and 2

dorsal bristles.

Second antenna: Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint

with 6 bristles, 5 proximal, 1 distal; 2nd joint with

2 bristles, 1 proximal and 1 terminal, latter bristle

recurved. Exopodite (Figure 4g): joints 2-8 with

basal spines increasing in length on distal joints;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching well past joint 9; bristles of joints 2-4 without natatory hairs; 9th joint

with 4 long and 2 or 3 short bristles.

Mandible (Figure 4h,i): Coxale endite bifurcate

with several teeth near tips; basale with 3 or 4 stout

medial spines with secondary teeth; exopodite

reaching three-fourths length of 1st joint of endopodite; end-joint of endopodite with 3 claws, 2

curved, 1 almost straight; straight dorsal claw not

quite as long as curved ventral claw.

Maxilla: With 3 endites, 1st with about 10 bristles, 2nd about 6; exopodite with 3 bristles, proximal bristle about one-half length of 2 distal

bristles (Figure 4m).

Fifth limb (Figure 4k): 1st exopodite joint with

4 or 5 stout teeth; 2nd exopodite joint with usual

large triangular tooth.

Seventh limb (Figure 4/): About 5 bristles present in distal group and 12 in proximal group, each

with 3-6 bells; 1 main peg present opposite comb

(a few smaller pegs also may be present, but are

difficult to see because of condition of appendage).

Furca (Figure 4n): Each lamella with 10 claws

separated from lamella by suture; claws decreasing

in length proximally on lamella except for last 4

claws, which are of about same length; claws 1 to 6

or 7 with teeth along concave margin; claw 1 with

large tooth and several smaller proximal teeth on

medial side; 1 or more rather long thick hairs present laterally near base of most claws; tuft of hair

present laterally at base of claw 1; tips of claws 1-5

with blunt rounded tips.

Eyes (Figure 4;): Medial eye large; lateral eye

minute.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 4/): 2-jointed, elongate, tapering distally.

Upper lip (Figure 4;): Rounded with anterior

process.

Euphilomedes Poulsen, 1962

TYPE-SPECIES.—Euphilomedes nodosus Poulsen,

1962, by subsequent designation (Kornicker, 1967a:

1). Gender: Masculine.

Euphilomedes asper (Miiller, 1894)

FIGURE 5

Philomedes aspera Muller, 1894:210-211, pi. 3: figs. 3, 17, 21,

pi. 8: fig. 1; 1912:26, 27 [key, diagnosis].

Philomedes foveolata.—Brady and Norman, 1896:659-661, pi.

56: figs. 4, 5 [not Pseudophilomedes foveolata Muller, 1894].

Ph. (Ph.) aspera.—Skogsberg, 1920:351 [discussion].

Euphilomedes aspera.—Poulsen, 1962:363 [key].

Euphilomedes asper.—Kornicker, 1967a: 18, figs. 9, 10, lla-d,

12 [supplementary description].

LECTOTYPE.—One adult male in the Zoological

Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9152). I have designated

this specimen as 9152:1 because two separated

valves also have the number 9152. The valves of

the lectotype and its appendages are preserved in
NUMBER 178 15

alcohol, except for a 2nd antenna and one of the

7th limbs, which are on slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.— (1) A small vial containing 1 whole

ostracod and 1 left and 1 right valve and a label

"9152 Philomedes aspera n. sp. Miiller." This is the

same material from the Zoological Museum of Berlin described by Kornicker (1967a: 19) but then a

jar containing the specimens had the label "Type,

Philomedes aspera G. W. Muller, Kat. Nr. 9152,

Fundort Napoli." The whole specimen, an adult

male designated the lectotype herein, was partly

dissected and is presently in alcohol except for one

2nd antenna and one 7th limb, which are on slides.

I have designated the lectotype as 9152:1, the right

valve as ZMB 9152:2, and the left valve as ZMB

9152:3. The right valve is probably from an adult

male, the left from an instar. Both valves have been

replaced in the same vial from which they were

obtained. Most appendages of the lectotype and internal features of its valves are partly obscured by

debris. (2) Two instars from station B30, Gulf of

Naples; collected by Harbans S. Puri and Gioacchino Bonaduce in 1962 or 1963. (3) One instar,

USNM 112803, from vicinity of Benta Palumma,

Gulf of Naples; collected for L. S. Kornicker by

technician at Naples Zoological Station, 21 April

1966. Sample reported to be from depth of 55

meters. (4) I also had the opportunity to examine

briefly while at the Zoological Station at Naples in

1966, four of Miiller's Gulf of Naples specimens in

the collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald (GMZ 25003). One of these specimens, an

adult male, was dissected and some of its appendages are illustrated herein (Figure 5g,i,j,k).

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples, Monaco (Rome,

1942, 1965). Marseille (Reys, 1964, 1965a, 1965b).

DISCUSSION.—A supplementary description of this

species based mostly on specimens collected in the

Gulf of Naples by A. M. Norman in 1887 and reported upon by Brady and Norman (1896:659),

but also in part on specimens collected by G. W.

Muller, was published by Kornicker (1967a: 18).

The brief description below is based solely on

Miiller's specimens. The adult male designated in

the 1967 paper as ZMB 9152:1 is herein selected as

the lectotype. The specimen is assigned the same

number in the present paper. Kornicker (1967a: 18)

was incorrect in listing Euphilomedes asper as a

"new combination" because it had previously been

assigned to Euphilomedes in a key to the genus by

Poulsen (1962:363).

DESCRIPTION OF ADULT MALE.—Lateral outline

oval, elongate with greatest height near middle,

prominant rostrum, broad rostral incisur, and angular caudal process (Figure ba-c).

Ornamentation: Shell with numerous large oval

pits (Figure 5b). Hairs with taper distributed on

lateral surface of rostrum, some forming row near

ventral margins of valves; additional hairs sparsely

distributed on valve surface.

Infold: Broad at caudal process and behind

rostrum; 12-13 bristles forming row on infold behind rostrum; infold below rostrum with small

bristle followed by space and additional small bristles in row; infold anterior to caudal process with

short bristles; infold along posteroventral and posterior margins with small bristles forming row on

list.

Hinge: Linear along posterodorsal margin.

Marginal pore canals: Numerous along free margins but faint.

Central muscle scars: Obscure, consisting of

about 17 individual scars.

Selvage: With wide striate lamellar prolongation

with slender spines along outer edge.

Size: Shell dimensions (in mm) are as follows:

Great- Great- Collector Remarks

est est

length height

1.30 0.80 Muller adult male (lectotype)

1.28 0.78 Muller adult male

0.94 0.60 Muller instar

0.90 0.60 Puri and Bonaduce instar

0.76 0.49

 Pu " an d Bonaduce instar

0.70 0.46 Kornicker instar

First antenna: 2nd joint with a dorsal, ventral,

and lateral bristle; 3rd joint with 1 ventral and 2

dorsal bristles; 4th joint with 2 dorsal and 4 ventral

bristles distally; 5th joint inserted ventrally between

4th and 6th joints and bearing sensory bristle with

broad base and numerous filaments; 6th joint with

medial bristle distally; end joints with 2 long stout

c- and f-bristles, 1 short spinous dorsal a-bristle, 2

long b- and g-bristles with filaments, and 2 bare dand e-bristles.

Second antenna (Figure 5d-f): Endopodite 3-

jointed: 1st joint with 5 proximal and 1 distal

bristle; 2nd joint elongate with 2 bristles near middle; 3rd joint prehensile with 1 proximal and 2
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 5.—Euphilomedes asper: a, carapace showing some punctae, length 0.90 mm; b, carapace

showing some punctae, length 0.76 mm; c, carapace, length 0.70 mm; d, tip of 2nd antenna,

medial view; e, part of exopodite of 2nd antenna, medial view; /, endopodite of left 2nd antenna; g, end claws on mandible (bristles not shown); h, tip of 7th limb; i, furca; /, outline of

rod-shaped organ and medial eye; k, lateral eye. (/, ZMB 9152:1, from station B30; b, ZMB 9152:

2, from station B30; c, juvenile, USNM 112803; g, i, j , k, adult $, GMZ 250O3, a, d-f, h, ZMB

9152:1, lectotype).
NUMBER 178 17

distal bristles and ridges terminally. Exopodite: 1st

joint with small medial spine; joints 3-8 with

slender basal spines; bristle of 3rd joint with marginal spines ventrally; joints 2-8 with short hairs in

row distally on lateral margin; 9th joint with 4

long and 2 short bristles.

Mandible (Figure 5g): Basale: Ventral margin

with 7 bristles; dorsal margin with 1 bristle near

middle and 2 terminally; medial surface with about

5 short bristles proximally near ventral margin.

Exopodite reaching about middle of 1st endopodite joint, with 2 terminal bristles. Endopodite:lst

joint with 2 short and 3 long distoventral bristles;

2nd joint with 2 dorsal bristles proximally, 5 or 6

dorsal bristles near middle, 2 ventral bristles subdistally and about 4 ventral bristles terminally; end

joint with 2 long subequal claws, 1 short dorsal

claw and about 4 bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure bh): Four long bristles in

distal group, each with about 5 bells; 4 shorter

bristles in proximal group, each with 3 or 4 bells;

terminal comb opposed by 2 blunt pegs.

Furca (Figure 5i): Each lamella with 10 or 11

claws, all separated from lamellae; claws 1, 2, 4 primary, remaining claws secondary; 3rd claw about

same length as 5th; primary claws with lateral and

medial rows of spines; spines on each claw about

same length; secondary claws with marginal spines;

clusters of long hairs present medially at base of

some claws.

Eyes: Lateral eye (Figure 5k) large with about

26 divided ommatidia. Medial eye (Figure bj)

about same size as lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 5;): Elongate with 2

joints; 2nd joint broad proximally and tapering

distally.

Euphilomedes sinister, new species

FIGURES 6-7

Philomedes interpuncta.—Brzdy, 1868b:463, pi. 33: figs. 10-

13, pi. 41: fig. 3; 1871:293, pi. 26: figs. 1-5; 1872:60, pi. 1:

figs. 5.—Muller, 1894:210, pi. 3: figs. 1-2, 5-16, 19-20, 24-

28.—Brady and Norman, 1896:656, pi. 56: figs. 6-10, pi. 57.

—Fage, 1934:249, figs. 1-2.—Caraion, 1959:266, fig. 1 [not

Baird, 1850].

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name from the Latin

sinister (left) refers to the posterior spines of the

carapace being restricted to the left valve.

HOLOTYPE.—One female without eggs in the

Zoological Station of Naples. The valves and some

appendages in alcohol; remaining appendages on

slides; length 1.24 mm.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Benta Palumma, station B27,

90 M, Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—One female from station B27, Gulf

of Naples, collected by Harbans S. Puri and Gioacchino Bonaduce. I also had the opportunity to

examine briefly while at the Zoological Station at

Naples in 1966, three of Miiller's specimens in the

collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald

(GMZ 25008).

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples; Loch Long, Fosse

de Cap Breton (Bay of Biscay), Cumbrae (Brady

and Norman, 1896:657); Bosporus, 41°25'S, 28°

59'E (Caraion, 1959:266).

DISCUSSION.—Muller (1894:205) assigned specimens of E. sinister collected in the Gulf of Naples to

Philomedes interpuncta (Baird, 1850). The incomplete description of the latter species (Baird, 1850:

257, pi. 17: figs. 8-10) makes it necessary to place

it in the category "species dubia." However, the

absence of secondary claws between the primary

claws of the furca (Baird, 1850, pi. 17: fig. 8) indicates that Baird's species does not belong in the

genus Euphilomedes. Unfortunately, the typespecimen of P. interpuncta has been lost (Lofthouse, 1966).

According to Muller (1894:205), the left valves

of females have an upper and lower spine posteriorly, whereas, the male has only the lower spine.

Previously, Brady (1868b:464) had stated concerning specimens of E. sinister from the English coast,

which he identified as Philomedes interpuncta

(Baird), "There is much variety in the spinous

armature of the posterior margin; in most cases one

short spine exists near its lower extremity, and

rarely one likewise at the upper angle; not infrequently they are altogether wanting." Unfortunately, I do not have a sufficient number of

specimens to determine the degree of constancy of

spines. However, I am inclined to believe that their

absence would have been mentioned by Muller. In

view of the diverse localities from which the species

was reported by Brady (1868a, 1868b). I think it

possible that specimens lacking spines may not be

conspecific with E. sinister.

Specimens from Plymouth sound identified by

Norman (1861:280, pi. 14: fig. 11) as Philomedes

longicornis (Lilljeborg, 1853) differ from E. sinis-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
NUMBER 178 19

ter in being without spines or in having a single

spine on the upper posterior margin. Another difference is that the surfaces of Norman's specimens

are described as having large circular or subcircular

pits, whereas, E. sinister has polygonal reticulations. Brady (1868b:464) stated that Norman's figure and description were based on worn specimens;

however, Norman (1861:280) stated that he found

specimens "in some numbers among dredged stuff

sent to me by W. Webster, Esq., from Plymouth

Sound . . . ." It would seem that if a number of

specimens were collected, a lower spine, if originally

present, would have remained on some specimens

even if worn, because the lower spine is present on

both males and females, whereas the upper spine is

only on females. For the above reasons, I have not

included Norman's specimens in E. sinister.

Lilljeborg (1875:3) placed specimens identified

by Brady (1968b:463) as Philomedes interpuncta

(Baird) in synonomy with Philomedes globosus

(Lilljeborg). The absence of secondary claws alternating with primary claws on the furca of the latter species makes the referral untenable.

Skogsberg (1920:398) considered the specimens

identified by Norman (1861:280) as P. longicornis

to belong to P. interpuncta (Baird). I consider the

following statement in Norman's description of the

species as an indication that Skogsberg's conclusion

is incorrect, "I am indebted to Dr. Baird for pointing out to me the identity of the Plymouth Entomostracan with Lilljeborg's species." This shows

that Baird did not consider Norman's specimens to

be conspecific with his species.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height near middle and

truncate posterior (Figure 6a); inferior tip of

broad rostrum with stout protuberance.

Ornamentation (Figure 6e): Posterior margin of

FIGURE 6.—Euphilomedes sinister, new species, female, holotype, length 1.24 mm: a, carapace showing positions of muscle scars and lateral eye; b, adductor muscle scars right

valve, lateral view; c, tip of rostrum, right valve, medial view;

d, anterior left valve, medial view; e, posterior left valve

showing some surface reticulations, medial view; f, right 1st

antenna, medial view (only a-bristle shown on end joints);

g, part of expodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; h, tip

of right 2nd antenna, medial view; i, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna; ;, proximal part of 2nd antenna (not under cover

glass); k, furca without claws, and genital area; /, anterior

of animal; m, posteroventral margin of right valve, medial

valve.

left valve with dorsal and ventral spine and toothed

margin between spines; posterior margin of right

valve without spines or teeth; surface of valves with

reticulate pattern. Bristles present along margins

and scattered over carapace.

Infold (Figure 6c-e,m): Broad along anterior

and posteroventral parts of valve, narrow ventrally;

anteroventral part striate. Infold behind rostrum

with 16-18 bristles, most with marginal spines; infold along anteroventral margin with 13 or 14

spinous bristles; infold along posteroventral margin with 3 short bristles near middle and 3 at outer

margin; list along posterior and posteroventral infold with about 33 bristles, some arranged singly

and some in pairs.

Central muscle scars (Figure 6b): Six ovoid muscle scars forming arc behind and over 2 to 5 indistinct scars.

Selvage: Wide lamellar prolongation along anterior, ventral, and posterior margins; prolongation

divided on rostrum in area of protuberance at inferior corner; prolongation striate, with marginal

fringe of long and short spines.

Size: $ holotype, length 1.24 mm, height 0.82

mm. (Miiller, 1894:210, gave length of both sexes

as 1.27 mm.)

First antenna (Figure 6/): Joints 1-5 with clusters of hairs medially; 2nd joint with about 5 spines

along dorsal margin and 3 bristles, 1 dorsal, 1 ventral, and 1 lateral, all with spines; 3rd joint with

3 bristles, 2 dorsal, 1 ventral, all with spines; 4th

joint with 6 bristles, 2 dorsal, 4 ventral; 5th joint

with filamentous sensory bristle ventrally; 6th joint

with slender bristle with few long spines; a-bristle

of 7th joint longer than bristle of 6th joint; bristles

of joints 7 and 8 typical for family.

Second antenna (Figure 6g-/): Prodopodite with

clusters of short spines on lateral surface. Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with 5 proximal and 1

distal bristle; 2nd joint with long spinous lateral

bristle and 1 slender spine subterminally. Exopodite: 1st joint with small medial terminal spine;

terminal margin of joints 2-8 with comb of short

spines; bristles of joints 2-5 with short ventral

spines near middle and without natatory hairs;

bristles of joints 6-8 with natatory hairs and without ventral spines; joint 9 with 7 bristles, 4 terminally with natatory hairs, 3 distoventrally with

short marginal spines (spinous bristles shorter than

those with natatory hairs.)
20

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 7.—Euphilomedes sinister, new species, female, length 1.24 mm: a, coxale endite and part

of basale of right mandible, medial view; b, exopodite right mandible, lateral view; c, endites

of 5th limb; d, furca; e, right maxilla, lateral view; /, outline of 2nd joint of right 5th limb,

anterior view; g, distal end left 5th limb, anterior view; h, 6th limb; i, tip of 7th limb.
NUMBER 178 21

Mandible (Figure la,b): Coxale endite with bifurcate tip, secondary teeth and clusters of spines.

Basale: lateral and medial surface hirsute; medial

surface with 3 broad spines with secondary teeth

and 1 plumose bristle; dorsal margin with 1 bristle

near middle and 2 distally; ventral margin with

7 plumose bristles; lateral surface hirsute. Exopodite about three-fourths length of 1st endopodite

joint, with terminal spine and 2 plumose bristles:

terminal bristle reaching middle of 2nd endopodite

joint, subterminal bristle reaching about two-thirds

length of 2nd endopodite joint. Endopodite: 1st

joint with 3 subterminal plumose ventral bristles;

2nd joint ventral margin with 2 clusters of distal

bristles, 3 in proximal group, 4 in terminal group;

dorsal margin with 2 groups of bristles, 4 in proximal group, 6 in distal group near middle of margin;

end-joint with 2 subequal long claws and 1 short

dorsal claw, all pectinate, and 4 bristles; 1st and

2nd endopodite joints with clusters of spines on

lateral and medial surfaces.

Maxilla (Figure le): Precoxale and coxale with

fringe of hairs along anterior margins; coxale with

spinous anterior bristle. Basale with 3 long distal

bristles. Endites: 1st with about 9 bristles, 2nd

about 6; 3rd about 9 plus 1 proximal bristle. Exopodite with 2 long and 1 short bristle. 1st endopodite joint with A-bristle with wreaths of long hairs

and short marginal spines, and 5 B-bristles mostly

without spines.

Left fifth limb (Figure 7g): 1st joint of exopodite with 2 anterior bristles near middle of distal

margin; tooth in front of main tooth complex bearing 3 projections and having proximal anterior

bristle; large triangular tooth of the 2nd exopodite

joint follows pattern for genus.

Right fifth limb (Figure 7c,/): Limb abnormal

in not having main tooth.

Sixth limb (Figure Ih): Epipodial appendage

with 3 short spinous bristles; end-joint with about

15 bristles; 2nd endite with 3 terminal and 1 proximal bristle; 3rd and 4th endites each with 1 proximal bristle and numerous terminal bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure 7i): Terminal comb with

about 15 teeth having basal spines; 2 pegs present

opposing comb, inner peg with lateral spines and

larger of 2; 5 bristles present in distal group, 4 in

proximal group; each bristle with short spines laterally and 4-5 bells distally.

Furca (Figures 6k, Id): Each lamella with 12

claws; claws, 1, 2, 4, 6 primary, remaining claws

secondary; claw 1 with rows of lateral and medial

teeth; medial teeth increasing in size near middle

of claw; medial teeth of claw 1 of right lamella

larger than same claw on left lamella; claws 2, 4,

6 with teeth in row along concave margin; claws 4

and 6 with few spines along convex margin; secondary claws with spines along anterior and posterior

margins; bases of some claws with clusters of hairs

medially; edge of each lamella near bases of claws

with hairs medially; numerous hairs present along

margin of lamella posterior to claw 12.

Genitalia: Consisting of large ovoid lobe.

Eyes (Figure 6/): Medial eye large, pigmented.

Lateral eyes very small.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 6/): Elongate, 2

jointed, with 2 small terminal spines.

Upper lip (Figure 6/): Rounded, hirsute, with

anterior projection.

PSEUDOPHILOMEDINAE Kornicker, 1967

This subfamily is represented by two species in

the Gulf of Naples, PseudophHomed.es angulata

and Pseudophilomedes foveolatus. Specimens of the

former species were not available during the present

study.

Pseudophilomedes Miiller, 1894

TYPE-SPECIES.—Pseudophilomedes foveolata Miiller, 1894, by subsequent designation (SylvesterBradley, 1961:Q399). Gender: Masculine.

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus Miiller, 1894

FIGURES 8-10

Pseudophilomedes foveolata Muller, 1894:211-212, pi. 3: figs.

34_35; 45-49, 51, 53-54, pi. 4: figs. 1-2, 7.

Pseudophilomedes foveolatus.—Sylvester-Bradley, 1961:Q399,

fig. 322,2.—Kornicker, 1967a: 13, figs. 7-8.

LECTOTYPE (designated herein).—Female (late

instar), ZMB 9154:1. This specimen is on 13 slides

which bear the ZMB numbers 3755 to 3767 in addition to the above. The valves are on slide ZMB

3755. This specimen was described and illustrated

by Kornicker (1967a: 13, figs. 7, 8; the captions

under figs. 7, 8 should have given Gulf of Naples

for the locality, not "BST 30.")
22

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 8.—Pseudophilomedes foveolatus, female, GMZ 25012: a, 1st antenna (bristles of joints

7-8 not shown); b, end of right 1st antenna (all bristles not shown; b-bristle obscure and may

contain more filaments than shown); c, endopodite of 2nd antenna; d, endites of right maxilla;

e, part of left maxilla, medial view (not all bristles shown); /, part of right maxilla (not all

bristles shown); g, h, 6th limbs; i, 7th limb; ;, part of furca; k, part of 1st claws of furca; /, tip

of 7th limb; m, detail of tip of bristle of 7th limb.
NUMBER 178 23

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

MATERIAL.—In addition to the lectotype, I had

the opportunity to examine briefly while at the

Zoological Station in Naples about 12 specimens

(GMZ 25012). I dissected one of the females in Naples and then examined the appendages in my

laboratory at the Smithsonian Institution. This

paralectotype has been used to supplement previous description of the species. Two immature males

were collected at station B23 by Drs. Puri and

Bonaducci. These are the first males of this family

reported. (Kornicker (1967a:8) erroneously reported the holotype of P. ferulanus as a male.)

Specimen No. 1 from station B23 is in the collection

of the Zoological Station at Naples; specimen No.

2 (USNM 121428) is in the collections of the Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DISCUSSION.—Muller (1894) described two species of Pseudophilomed.es from the Bay of Naples,

P. foveolata and P. angulata. The main difference

in appendage morphology between the two species

is the presence of an additional lobe bearing two

bristles on the 6th limb of P. angulata. Muller

(1894:212) stated that P. angulata also differs from

P. foveolata in that the spines on the 1st masticatory process of the maxilla of P. angulata are

weakly dentate, whereas these spines are bare on

P. foveolata. The present study supports a previous

one (Kornicker, 1967a: 15) in showing that the

spines on the 1st masticatory process of the maxilla

of P. foveolata are also dentate. The length of the

carapace of P. angulata is 1.23 mm and the surface

has distinct longitudinal ribs, whereas the length

of the carapace of the female of P. foveolatus is 0.93

mm and the surface is without ribs (Muller, 1894:

212). The carapace of the immature male described herein has a faint rib along its ventral part.

In a previous study of the maxilla of P. foveolatus (Kornicker, 1967a: 15), I described a short

lobe with three bristles located distally of the coxale endite. I now believe that this lobe should be

considered a 3rd endite. Thus, the number of endites (3) is the same as on the maxillae of species

in the subfamily Philomedinae, but endite III is

reduced.

The immature male described here differs mainly

from the female in having well-developed lateral

eyes, a 3-jointed elongate endopodite on the 2nd

antenna, no proximal bristles on the 7th limb, and

4 bristles on the 9th exopodite joint of the 2nd

antenna.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF APPENDAGES OF

FEMALE (this specimen is assumed mature, but it

could be an N-l instar).—First antenna (Figure

Sa,b): 1st joint with spines in cluster on medial

surface; 2nd joint with spines in rows distally on

lateral surface; 4th joint with 2 spinous bristles ventrally. Limb, in general, similar to that of male

described below (I could not discern number of

filaments on bristles of end joints). (Apparently,

the N-l female and male have only 1 ventral bristle

on the 4th joint, whereas, the adult has 2.)

Second antenna (Figure 8c): Endopodite singlejointed with 2 short proximal bristles and 1 long

spinous distal bristle. Exopodite: 9th joint with 1

long and 1 short bristle; bristles of joints 2-9 with

marginal spines, but without natatory hairs.

Maxilla (Figure 8d-/): 1st endite with 3 stout

pectinate spines and 2 spinous bristles, 1 long, 1

short; 2nd endite with 2 stout pectinate spines and

2 short spinous bristles; 3rd endite consisting of

short lobe with 3 bristles, 1 long and 2 short; distal

margin of basale with 3 bristles, 2 on inner corner

and 1 medially; exopodite consisting of 3 bristles,

2 long, 1 short; 1st joint of endopodite with 2 bristles, 1 subterminal on distal anterior margin and.

1 terminal; end joint with slender bristle-like process

and 3 bristles.

Mandible and fifth limb: Similar to that of immature male described below.

Sixth limb (Figure Sg,h): 1st endite with 2 bristles; 2nd endite with 5 bristles; 3rd endite with 3

or 4 bristles; end joint with 7 or 8 bristles; single

bristle in place of epipodial appendage.

Seventh limb (Figure Si,l,m): One limb with 5

bristles in distal group, other with additional dwarf

bristle; both limbs with 2 bristles in proximal group,

1 on each side; each bristle with 2-5 bells distally;

terminus cannot be observed clearly on specimen,

but apparently consisting of comb with about 6

teeth opposing 1 curved tooth having at each side a

tooth with long marginal spines. (Muller (1894,

pi. 3: fig. 47) illustrated a 7th limb with 4 bristles

in distal group and 2 in proximal group, both bristles in proximal group being on same side.)

Furca (Figure Sj,k): Morphology as previously

reported by Kornicker (1967a: 18) with following

exception: 3rd claw about same length as 4th and

located equidistant between 2nd and 4th claws.
FIGURE 9.—Pseudophilomedes foveolatus, juvenile male: a, carapace showing some punctae and position of lateral eye, length

0.84 mm; b, carapace showing some punctae and position of lateral eye, length 0.83 mm; c, anterior of left valve, medial

view; d, posterior of left valve, medial view; e, caudal process right valve, medial view; /, section of ventral part of ventral

margin, right valve, showing selvage with lamellar prolongation; g, tip of right 1st antenna, lateral view (not all bristles

shown); h, anterior of animal; i, tip of 1st antenna, lateral view (not all bristles shown; b-bristles obscure and may have

filaments); ;, left 2nd antenna, medial view (not all bristles of exopodite shown); k, joints 1 and 2 of endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, lateral view; /, tip of right 2nd antenna, lateral view; m, right mandible, lateral view; n, enlargement of tip of

right mandible (all from station B23: a, g, USNM 121428; b-f, h-n, GMZ 25012:1).
NUMBER 178 25

DESCRIPTION OF IMMATURE MALE (probably N-l

instar).—Carapace oval in lateral view with greatest height and length near middle (Figure 9a,b);

incisur broadly rounded; lower margin of rostrum

forming right angle with anteroventral shell margin; posterior margin of valve with caudal process

just below valve middle.

Ornamentation: Surface with large punctae;

short process present on anteroventral margin;

faint longitudinal ridge along lower part of shell.

Infold (Figure 9c-/): Broad along anterior and

posterior parts of valves, narrow ventrally; 4 spinous bristles at rostrum; 2 spinous bristles at caudal

process.

Selvage: Broad lamellar prolongation with marginal fringe present along anterior, ventral, and

posterior margins of each valve.

Size: One immature tf (specimen no. 1) from

station B23, length 0.83 mm, height 0.49 mm; immature d1

 (USNM 121428) from station B23, length

0.84 mm, height 0.53 mm.

First antenna (Figure 9 g-i): 2nd joint with 1

spinous dorsal bristle and short spines in row along

dorsal margin of lateral surface; 3rd joint with 2

spinous bristles, 1 ventral, 1 dorsal; 4th joint with

3 spinous bristles, 2 ventral, 1 dorsal; 5th joint with

long ventral bristle with sensory filaments; 6th

joint minute with short spinous medial bristle;

7th joint reduced and fused to 8th; a-bristle about

three-fourths length of b-bristle, b-bristle with 1

proximal and 1 distal filament, c-bristle long and

with filaments; 8th joint reduced, with long bare

d- and e-bristles and long f- and g-bristles, each with

5 filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 9/-/): Endopodite 3-

jointed: 1st joint with 2 short bare bristles; 2nd

joint with 1 long proximal bristle with wreath of

spines, and 1 shorter bare bristle near middle; 3rd

joint with 2 short bare terminal bristles. Exopodite:

bristles on joints 2-8 with stout ventral spines;

joint 9 with 4 bristles, 1 long and 1 medium with

spines, 2 short without spines, all without natatory

hairs; distal margins of joints 2-8 with comb of

slender spines.

Mandible (Figure 9m,n): Coxale endite large,

bifurcate, spinous distally; surface of coxale and

basale with clusters of spines; basale with 7 bristles,

3 dorsally, 2 ventrally, and 2 on medial surface;

exopodite with 2 spinous terminal bristles. Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 ventral bristles; 2nd joint

with 1 short dorsal bristle proximal to middle, 3

dorsal bristles near middle, 1 short subterminal

ventral bristle and 2 short terminal bristles near

ventral margin; distal margin of 2nd joint with

spines in row; end joint with 3 bristles and 2 claws,

1 of latter very long, other less than one-third

length of long claw.

Maxilla (Figure 10a): 1st endite with 3 short

pectinate spines and 2 spinous bristles, 1 long, 1

short; 2nd endite with 2 stout pectinate spines and

2 bristles; 3rd endite consisting of short lobe with

3 bristles, 1 long and 1 short terminally, 1 medium

proximally; coxale with short spinous anterior

bristle; basale with 3 spinous bristles on distal margin, 1 medially, and 2 near inner corner; 1st joint

of endopodite with 2 spinous bristles, 1 anteriorly

and 1 terminally; end joint with stout bristle-like

process and 3 bristles, stout process with few spines

along convex margin distally; exopodite consisting

of 3 spinous bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 10b,c): Distal tooth of 1st

joint of exopodite consisting of large recurved pectinate tooth having 1 or 2 smaller teeth proximally;

proximal tooth of 1st joint trident: proximal tooth

with 1 small spine, middle tooth smooth, distal

tooth pectinate; 2nd joint with long fanglike tooth

followed along inner margin by 1 small tooth and

2 trident teeth; inner margin of protopodite with

small bristle at distal corner. (Distribution of bristles on joints 1-4 shown in Figure 10b).

Sixth limb (Figure \0d,e): 1st endite with 2

bristles; 2nd endite with 4 or 5 bristles; 3rd endite

with 4 bristles; end joint with 7 bristles; 1 or 2

bristles in place of epipodial appendage; endites

and end joint hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 10/,g): 4 bristles present in

distal group, none proximally; 2-4 bells present distally on bristles; terminus with single erect tooth

opposing reclining tooth, both teeth with marginal

spines.

Furca (Figure \0i-k): Claws 1, 2, 4 stout, remaining claws slender; claw 3 about same length as claw

4; claw 1 with large medial tooth. USNM 121428

with 3 slender claws following claw 4 on left lamella, but only 2 on right lamella; specimen 1 (B23)

with 2 slender claws following claw 4 on both lamellae.

Rod-shaped organ (Figures 9h, lOh): Elongate,

jointed proximally.

Eyes (Figure 9/i): Lateral eye with about 15
26

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FICURE 10.—Pseudophilomedes foveolatus, juvenile male: a, maxilla, lateral view; b, part of left

5th limb, posterior view; c, part of left 5th limb, anterior view, (all bristles and inner teeth on

2nd joint not shown); d, e, sixth limbs; /, g, distal ends of 7th limbs; h, proximal part of rodshaped organ; i, part of right furca, medial view; ;', left lamella of furca, lateral view; k, left

lamella of furca, lateral view (all from station B23: h, i, k, USNM 121428; a-g, j , GMZ 25012:1).
NUMBER 178 27

divided ommatidia; medial eye pigmented, about

same size as lateral eye.

SARSIELLIDAE Brady and Norman, 1896

The Sarsiellidae are represented in the Gulf of

Naples by only one genus, Sarsiella Norman, 1869,

with two species.

Sarsiella Norman, 1869

TYPE-SPECIES.—Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869,

by monotypy.

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869

FIGURES 11-13a, b

Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869:293.—Brady and Norman,

1896:677, pi. 60: figs. 1-4, 18.—Kornicker, 1967b:32, fig. 16

[redescription].

Sarsiella levis Muller, 1894:216, pi. 4: figs. 11-12, 19-20, 23-

24, 26, 32, 36, 45-47, pi. 8: figs. 2-3.

Nematohamma obliqua Brady and Norman, 1896:680-682, pi.

52: figs. 1-2, pi. 53: figs. 12-15.

Sarsiella (?) capsula.—Scott, 1902:475, pi. 25: figs. 27-32.

Not Sarsiella capsula.—Sars, 1888:229, pi. 3: figs. 5-7, pi. 10.—

Muller, 1894:214, pi. 4: figs. 4-6, 8-10, 22, 25, 27-29, 31,

33-35, 37, 48, pi. 8: figs. 6-7.—Brady, 1911:595.—Rome,

1942:8.

MATERIAL.—Two immature females from station

B59, Gulf of Naples, collected by H. S. Puri and G.

Bonaduce; 1 left valve of an immature female and

1 juvenile (ZMB 9156) and 1 adult male and 5 females and juveniles (GMZ 25020) collected by G.

W. Muller. I had the opportunity to examine briefly

the specimens of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald but did not dissect any. The present study is

based primarily on specimen No. 1 from station

B59 (Figure 11), which I estimate to be an N-l

stage instar. This specimen is part of the collections

of the Zoological Station of Naples; some appendages are on slides, the remaining appendages and

the valves are preserved in alcohol.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples.

Atlantic Ocean: In vicinity of Shetland Islands,

Valentia, Ireland; Birterbuy Bay, Ireland.

DISCUSSION.—This species was described by Muller (1894:216) as a new species, Sarsiella levis. It

was placed in synonomy with Sarsiella capsula

Norman by Kornicker (1967b:32). The present description is in essential agreement with Miiller's.

An exception is the presence of six faint setae in a

position posterodorsal to each of the genital openings. These were probably overlooked by Muller.

Setae in a similar location were described by Kornicker (1967b: 16,42) on Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906, and Sarsiella disparalis Darby, 1965. I

now consider these to be brush-shaped organs and

have so named them herein.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (N-l instar).—Oval in

lateral and dorsal view except for caudal process

and truncate posterior formed by large corner-like

posterodorsal process (Figures 116, \Sa,b); anterior

margin rounded without rostrum or incisur; caudal process extending posteroventrally and with

rounded tip; left valve overlapping right along

anterodorsal margin.

Ornamentation: Valves with flat or slightly depressed central area and 8 low radial ridges, 3 anteriorly, 3 ventrally, 1 dorsally, and 1 extending

onto caudal process; dorsally the upper anterior

radial ridge continues posteriorly onto large posterodorsal corner-like process; ventrally the radial

ridge of caudal process continues anteriorly connecting with inner ends of the 3 ventral ridges and

lowest of anterior ridges; surface of valves between

ridges with large rounded pits; surface of ridges

with minute spines and 1-3 long hairs; anterior and

ventral margins of valves with scalloped edges and

subequal hairs in 2 or 3 rows; caudal process with

scattered hairs and 4 terminal and numerous marginal spines; valves translucent, muscle scars and

small lateral eyes visible through shell in lateral

view.

Infold (Figure llc-e): Broad with 1 small bristle

on anterior part above midline, 7 on caudal process; 2 groups of 2 or 3 bristles near inner margin

anterior to caudal process; 2 brushlike bristles dorsal to caudal process, and 1 short bristle near inner

margin of posterior part.

Selvage: Striated, narrow with broad unstriated

lamellar prolongation anteriorly, ventrally, and

posteriorly.

Hinge: Linear, extending from middle of dorsal

margin to posterior edge of dorsal crest.

Marginal pore canals: Anterior and ventral margins with numerous false radial pore canals leading to marginal hairs; caudal process with 4 distinct

canals leading to terminal spines; posterior margin

with scattered canals leading to minute pits, some

terminating in hairs.
28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

}<PQO~O0O

FIGURE 11.—Sarsiella capsula, immature 9 (specimen 1, sta. B59): a, muscle scars, right valve,

lateral view; b, anterior part right valve, lateral view; c, caudal process left valve, medial view;

d, anterior margin left valve, medial view; e, posterior part right valve, medial iew; /, 1st antenna, rod-shaped organ, and medial eye, medial view; g, 2nd antenna, medial view, h, mandible,

medial view; i, 1st joint endopodite right mandible, medial view; /, maxilla, lateral view; k, endites of maxilla, medial view.
NUMBER 178 29

Central muscle scars (Figure lla): Consisting of

about 15 individual scars located slightly anteroventrally of middle of valve and within circumscribing ridge.

Size: Immature $ , specimen 1 from station B59,

length 1.08 mm, length excluding caudal process

0.98 mm, height 0.86 mm; left valve from sample

9156, length 1.08 mm, length excluding caudal

process 0.97 mm, height 0.89 mm; juvenile from

sample 9156, length 0.94 mm, length excluding caudal process 0.8.3 mm, height 0.72 mm.

First antenna (Figure 11/): Dorsal margin of 2nd

joint with spinous bristle near middle; joints 3 and

4 not separated by suture; joint 3 with spinous

dorsal and bare ventral bristle; 4th joint with 1

dorsal and 3 ventral bristles, all with marginal

spines; 5th joint with long, bare, distoventral bristle; short 6th joint with small spinous medial bristle; joints 7 and 8 with total of 7 bristles: a-bristle

bare, about one-third length of other bristles; fabristle slender; c-, d-, f-, g-bristles similar in length

to sensory bristle of 5th joint, e-bristle slightly

shorter.

Second antenna (Figure llg): Protopodite without medial bristle or marginal hairs. Endopodite 1-

jointed, with 2 small annulate proximal bristles

and minute terminal button. Exopodite: 1st joint

with small bent medial spine terminally; joints 2-7

with comb of short subterminal spines; bristles on

joints 2-8 with ventral spines proximally and natatory hairs distally, bristles on joints 6-8 with relatively few spines; joint 9 with 2 bristles, 1 long

ventral bristle with marginal spines near middle

and natatory hairs distally, and 1 short dorsal

bristle, latter bare except for 2 or 3 short spines near

middle.

Mandible (Figure llhj): Coxale with short

spines along ventral margin and spinelike medial

bristle proximally; basale with 6 subequal bristles

ventrally and 1 minute subterminal spine dorsally.

Endopodite: 1st joint with minute spines on medial surface, 3 or 4 small ventral spines proximal to

large terminal claw, and 1 small terminal spine

dorsally; 2nd joint with large terminal claw ventrally and short subterminal spine dorsally; 3rd

joint with large terminal claw, and 1 dorsal and

1 or 2 ventral short spines.

Maxilla (Figure ll/i): Coxale with bare annulate

bristle on anterior margin; endites with total of 16

bristles (Figure 11 k); basale? with slender bare

bristle laterally near basis of endite III; exopodite

with I long spinous bristle and 1 short bare bristle.

Endopodite: 1st joint with spinous a- and ^-bristles

and spines along anterior margin; 2nd joint with

5 stout terminal bristles, 2 slender lateral bristles,

and 1 short bare medial bristle.

Fifth limb (Figures 12a): Endite with 1 short

bare bristle, epipodial appendage with 29 plumose bristles. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous

bristles, 1 medium and 1 long; joints 2-5 hirsute,

with total of 9 unequal bristles, most with short

marginal spines.

Sixth limb (Figure 126): End joint with 10 annulate spinous bristles followed by 2 plumose bristles; posterior margin near plumose bristle hirsute;

medial and lateral surfaces with clusters of minute

spines; endite with 1 long and 2 short annulate

bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure 12/): Terminal end smooth

with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; rings 8 and 9 counting from terminal segment with total of 2 bristles,

1 on each side; all bristles with 3-6 distal bells;

complete limb with total of about 64 rings.

Furca (Figure \2e): Each lamella with 5 pointed

claws; claw 1 continuous with lamella, claws 2-5

separated from lamella by sutures; claws 1-4 with

lateral spines in row along posterior margins; claws

1 and 3 with short spines or hairs along anterior

margins; anterior margin of each lamella with several short spines above claw 1; posterior margin of

each lamella with several spines between claws 4

and 5 and following 5, more on left lamella than

on right; medial side of each lamella with hairs

above bases of claws; claws 4 and 5 less curved than

claws 1 to 3.

Brush-shaped organ (Figure \2h): Consisting of

about 5 annulate setae situated posteroventrally to

each genital opening.

Genitalia (Figure \2e): Consisting of vaguely defined lobes with a large vaginal opening on each

side, openings situated some distance from furca.

Eyes (Figure \2d,g): Medial eye large, pigmented;

lateral eyes pigmented, smaller than medial eye

and with 4 or 5 divided ommatidia.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure I2d): Weakly separated into 2 joints; inflated end joint with unevenly rounded tip.

Upper lip and anterior (Figure 12rf): Upper lip

helmet-shaped with small protuberance at tip; a
FIGURE 12.—Sarsiella capsula, immature 9 (specimen 1, sta B59): a, right 5th limb, medial

view; b, right 6th limb, lateral view; c, furca; d, anterior part of animal; e, furca, genitalia,

brush-shaped organ; /, distal part of 7th limb; g, lateral eye; h, brush-shaped organ.
NUMBER 178 31

FIGURE 13.—Sarsiella capsula, immature $ (specimen I, sta. B59), left valve, length 1.08 mm:

a, dorsal view; b, lateral view. Sarsiella neapolis, immature 9, (specimen 1, sta. B17) length

1.12 mm: c, dorsal view; d, lateral view.

NUMBER 178 33

triangular process present on each side about midway between lip and basis of 1st antenna.

Sarsiella neapolis, new species

FICURES 13c,d, 14, 15

Sarsiella capsula.—Sars, 1888:229, pi. 3: figs. 5-7, pi. 10 —

Muller, 1894:214, pi. 4: figs. 4-6, 8-10, 22, 25, 27-29, 31,

33-35, 37, 48, pi. 8: figs. 6-7.—Rome, 1942:8.—Poulsen,

1965:44 [discussion].—Kornicker, 1967b:33 [discussion].

[Not Sarsiella capsula Norman, 1869.]

HOLOTYPE.—A female in the collection of the

Zoological Museum of Berlin (ZMB 9155). Appendages and valves are preserved separately in alcohol.

I have labeled the vial as follows: "9155, sp. No. 1,

Holotype, Sarsiella neapolis L. S. Kornicker, 1967

(ident. as S. capsula by Muller in 1894)." The size

of the carapace suggests that the holotype is an N-l

instar; however, the appendages and genital organs

seem fully developed.

PARATYPES.—I have selected 3 specimens as paratypes: (1) A left valve preserved in alcohol in the

collection of the Zoological Museum of Berlin

(ZMB 9155). I have labeled this specimen, "9155,

Sp. No. 2." (2) A ? (appendages only) in the collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald

(GMZ 25019). I dissected this specimen and have

mounted the appendages on a single slide; in addition to the museum number I have put on the

label, "Sp. No. 1." (3) An immature ? from station B17, Gulf of Naples, collected by H. S. Puri

and G. Bonaduce; the shell is preserved in alcohol,

the appendages are mounted on 3 slides. This specimen is in the collections of the Zoological Station

of Naples. The first two specimens may be N-l instars, the third an N-2 instar.

FIGURE 14.—Sarsiella neapolis, new species: a, carapace,

length 1.37 mm; b, caudal process left valve, medial view;

c, caudal process right valve, medial view; d, posterior part

of body; e, anterior part of body; f, body and some shell

muscles as seen through right valve; g, right valve, dorsal

view; h, caudal process left valve, medial view; i, punctae

and spines, left valve near middle, lateral view; ;, posterior

right valve, medial view; k, part of anterior margin of right

valve, medial view; /, right 1st antenna, medial view (all

bristles of joints 7-8 not shown); m, endopodite of right 2nd

antenna, medial view; n, part of exopodite of left 2nd antenna, medial view (bristles on joints 3-8 not shown), o,

distal part of 7th limb; p, brush-shaped organ (a-e, ZMB

9155:1, holotype; f-k, in, o, p, immature 9, specimen 1, sta.

B17; /, n, GMZ 25019:1).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL.—1 adult tf and about

14 $ and juveniles collected by G. W. Muller (in

the collection of the Zoological Institute of Greifswald, GMZ 25019). One of the paratypes listed

above was selected from this sample.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples;

off Monaco (Rome, 1942); Messina?, Syracuse?

(Sars, 1888).

DISCUSSION.—Kornicker (1967:33) reviewed species that had been assigned to Sarsiella capsula

Norman and concluded that the species referred to

S. capsula by Muller (1894) probably is a new species, and it is so described herein.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE.—Oval in lateral view

except for caudal process and 2 posterodorsal projections; anterior margin rounded without rostrum

or incisur (Figures \$c,d; 14a,g); caudal process

extending posteroventrally; left valve overlapping

right along anteroventral margin.

Ornamentation (Figure 14g,i): Valves with flat

central area surrounded by narrow ridge linear

dorsally and convex anteriorly, ventrally and posteriorly; posterodorsal part of ridge with 2 prominent projections; about 11 radial ridges present,

1 or 2 dorsally, 5 anteriorly, 3 or 4 ventrally, and 1

extending onto caudal process; surface between

ridges with large oval-to-elongate pits, and with

scattered long hairs; anterodorsal, anterior, and

ventral margins with spines and 2 or 3 rows of unequal hairs; caudal process with 1 ventral, 1 dorsal,

and 2 terminal hairs.

Hinge: Linear extending from about one-fourth

distance from anterior margin to point near last

posterodorsal projection.

Infold (Figure \4b,c,h,j,k): Broad with 7 or 8

bristles on caudal process, 1 short spine anterior to

caudal process, 2 brushlike bristles above caudal

process, 2 short spines near inner margin between

brushlike bristles and caudal process; selvage, narrow, striated, with broad lamellar prolongation

with smooth edge.

Marginal pore canals: Fairly numerous anteriorly, ventrally, and on caudal process.

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 11 individual scars located slightly anteroventrally of middle of valve.

Dorsal muscle scars (Figure 14/): 6 or 7 muscle

scars present near dorsal margin: 3 furcal muscle

scars, 2 anterior head-region muscle scars, 1 or 2
34

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 15.—Sarsiella neapolis, new species, GMZ 25019:1: a, part of left 2nd antenna, medial

view; b, right mandible, lateral view; c, part of 1st joint of endopodite of left mandible, medial

view; d, part of maxilla, lateral view; e, part of maxilla showing endites; /, part of 5th limb; g,

left 6th limb, lateral view; h, distal part 7th limb; i, furca.
NUMBER 178

posterior head-region muscle scars (scars in these

general positions are present on other myodocopid

ostracods but are not usually included in description).

Size: Immature $ , specimen 1 from station B17,

length 1.12 mm, length excluding caudal process

0.99 mm, height 0.86 mm. Complete ? (ZMB

9155:1, holotype), length 1.37 mm, length excluding caudal process 1.25 mm, height 1.10 mm. Left

valve of female (ZMB 9155:2), length 1.38 mm,

length excluding caudal process 1.28 mm, height

(possibly distorted) 1.16 mm; Miiller (1894:215,

216) gave the length of an adult ° as 1.58 mm, an

adult c?

 a s

 1-33 mm, and a larval $ as 1.33 mm.

Sars (1888:229) gave the length of an adult $ as

1.53 mm.

First antenna (Figure 14/): 2nd joint with dorsal

bristle about one-fourth distance from distal end;

3rd and 4th joints not separated by suture; 3rd

joint with 1 ventral and 1 dorsal bristle; 4th joint

with 3 terminal bristles, 1 dorsal and 2 ventral; 5th

joint with long ventral bristle; 6th joint with short

lateral bristle; joints 7 and 8 with 7 bristles similar

to those on S. capsula.

Second antenna (Figures 14m,n; 15a): Protopodite without medial bristle or marginal hairs.

Endopodite 1-jointed with 2 or 3 small bare bristles

proximally, and 1 long spinous and either no or 1

of short bare bristle terminally. Exopodite: 1st

joint with short bent medial spine; bristle on joints

2-8 with strong ventral spines proximally and natatory hairs distally; joint 9 with 1 long ventral bristle

with natatory hairs distally and 1 short bare dorsal bristle. Distribution of bristles on endopodite

of 3 specimens examined is as follows:

Station &

cat. no.

ZMB 9155:1

GMZ 25019:

Sta. B17

Endopodite

left

right

1 left

right

left

right

Terminal

bristles

I long

I long

long, 1 short

I long

long

long

Proximal

bristles

2 short

2 short

2 short

3 short

2 short

3 short

Mandible (Figure 15&,c): Coxale endite with

short spines along ventral margin and spinelike

medial bristle proximally; basale with 1 dorsal

spine and 3 short bristles near ventral margin.

Endopodite: 1st joint with spines on medial surface, 1 small terminal spine dorsally, and about 10

small spines in row along convex margin of large

35

ventral claw; 2nd joint with small terminal spine

dorsally, and faint minute spines proximally along

both margins of main claw (faint spines do not extend past claw margins); 3rd joint with small terminal spine dorsally, and 2 small spines and large

claw ventrally.

Maxilla (Figure \5d,e): Coxale with bare bristle

on anterior margin; endites with total of about 15

bristles; exopodite with 2 bristles, 1 short, bare,

other long spinous. Endopodite: 1st joint with

spinous a-and /J-bristles, jS-bristles with more denticles proximally than a-bristle; 2nd joint with 2

lateral, 1 medial, and 5 stout terminal bristles; anterior terminal bristle annulate, spinous distally.

Fifth limb (Figure 15/): Endite with 1 short bare

bristle. Exopodite: 1st joint with 2 spinous bristles,

1 medium, 1 long; joints 2-5 hirsute with total of

7 unequal bristles, some with marginal spines. Epipodial appendage with about 33 plumose bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 15g): End joint with 11

spinous bristles followed by 2 plumose bristles;

posterior margin and medial side hirsute; endite

with 1 long and 2 short bristles.

Seventh limb (Figure lOo; 15/i): Terminal end

with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; rings 9 to 12 counting from terminal segment with total of 2 bristles;

all bristles with 2-5 distal bells; complete limb with

total of about 70 rings; terminus appearing as 2

opposing pincers, but additional transparent teeth

present (very faint even under oil immersion).

Juvenile from station B17 with 6 tapered bristles,

4 terminally and 2 laterally, each with 1-3 distal

bells.

Furca (Figure 15t): Distribution of claws similar

to furca of S. capsula; all claws with lateral spines

along concave margins and minute spines along

convex margins; anterior margin of each lamella

with several short spines above claw 1; posterior

margin of each lamella with 4 groups of 1-3 spines

behind claw 5, spines on left lamella longer than

on right; medial sides of each lamella with long

hairs above bases of claws, and minute spines in

clusters near anterior margin.

Brush-shaped organ: Juvenile specimen from station B17 with 2 small annulate bristles anterior to

Y-shaped sclerite of furca. (Condition of additional

2 specimens examined did not permit ascertaining

presence of absence of this organ).

Genitalia (Figure 14d): Consisting of large genital opening on each side.
36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Eyes (Figure lie): Lateral eyes pigmented, each

with 4 divided ommatidia; medial eye larger than

lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure \4e): Elongate, inflated distally.

Upper lip and anterior (Figure \4e): Similar to

S. capsula.

COMPARISONS.—The mandible of the female S.

neapolis may be distinguished from other species

of Sarsiella in having about 10 small spines in a

row along the convex margin of the large ventral

claw of the 1st endopodite joint. The margin of

this claw is smooth in other species. The distinctive

1-jointed endopodite of the 2nd antenna of the

male was discussed by Poulsen (1965:44). The endopodite is similar to Sarsiella rugosa Poulsen, 1965,

but S. neapolis may be distinguished from that species by differences in ornamentation on the shell.

Specimens from the Mediterranean identified by

Sars (1888:229) as S. capsula Norman closely resemble S. neapolis in shell ornamentation and appendage morphology, except for the furca which

was illustrated as having 6 claws (Sars, 1888, pi.

10: fig. 12). Because of the overall similarity, Sars'

species has been placed in synonymy with S. neapolis, but with a question mark.

CYLINDROLEBERIDIDAE Miiller, 1906

The Cylindroleberididae includes two subfamilies, Cyclasteropinae Poulsen, 1965, and Cylindroleberidinae Miiller, 1906. Both subfamilies are rep

resented in the Gulf of Naples.

Key to the Subfamiles of Cylindroleberididae

Second joint of 1st antenna with 1 dorsal bristle CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE

Second joint of 1st antenna with at least 2 dorsal bristles CYCLASTEROPINAE

CYLINDROLEBERIDINAE Miiller, 1906

This subfamily is represented by four genera in

the study area: Parasterope Poulsen, 1965; Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868; Prionotoleberis, new genus;

Polyleberis, new genus.

Parasterope Poulsen, 1965

TYPE-SPECIES.—Asterope muelleri Skogsberg,

1920, by subsequent designation (Kornicker, in

press).

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg, 1920)

FIGURE 16

Asterope Mulleri Skogsberg, 1920:483, fig. 89.—Vos, 1957:8,

pi. 3: figs. 2a-f[?].

Cylindroleberis teres (Norman).—Muller, 1894:220, pi. 4:

figs. 13, 30, 43, pi. 5: figs. 15, 24, 25, pi. 8: fig. 5.

Asterope teres (Norman).—Muller, 1912:46 [part].

Asterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Klie 1940:409, figs. 7-10

[•']•

Asteropina mulleri (Skogsberg).—Kornicker, 1958:239, figs.

60a-f, 61a-f, 86a-d, g.

Asterope mulleri (Skogsberg).—Reys, 1965b:258 [listed] [?].

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg).—Poulsen, 1965:370, figs.

122-124[?].

HOLOTYPE.—One adult $ on slides in Swedish

State Museum, Stockholm (Skogsberg, 1920:491).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—English Channel, off Salcombe,

coast of England.

MATERIAL.—Four juveniles collected by G. W.

Muller (ZMB 9158). I dissected two of these, both

males; the appendages are on slides, the valves in

alcohol. I have designated one dissected specimen

as specimen no. 1 (estimated as an N-2 instar) and

the other as specimen no. 2 (estimated as an N-l

instar). I dissected these specimens while in Naples

and had the opportunity to examine the valves

only briefly and did not measure them; therefore,

the descriptions in this paper are of the appendages, which I had the opportunity to further examine at the Smithsonian Institution.

DISTRIBUTION.—English Channel: Salcombe

(Skogsberg, 1920:49); Roscoff? (Vos, 1957:8). Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples (Muller, 1894:220;

Skogsberg, 1920:491); Marseille? (Reys, 1965b:

258). Klie (1940:409) reported the species from the

vicinity of the Southwest Africa, but it may not be

the same species. Kornicker (1958:239) reported

the species from the Bahamas, and Poulsen (1965:

370) reported it from the West Indies.

DISCUSSION.—Skogsberg (1920:483) established a

new species Asterope Mulleri based on two mature
NUMBER 178 37

females, one from the English Channel, the other

from the Gulf of Naples. He apparently also had

one larva from the English Channel, but did not

describe it. Skogsberg (1920:490) selected the mature female from the English Channel as the holotype.

Under "Remarks," after having described the

new species, Skogsberg (1920:489) stated the following:

As is seen above, I have identified the species described by

me above with G. W. Miiller's species Cylindroleberis teres,

1894. This identification is not based on G. W. Miiller's

description and figures. It is based instead on an investigation I made of a specimen from the Bay of Naples, which

Prof. G. W. Miiller had determined as Cylindroleberis teres

and which was kindly placed at my disposal by this investigator. On the contrary G. W. Miiller's description and figures

show not a few differences from the type-specimen described

by me above. According to this the Bay of Naples form is

distinguished by a shell only 1.24 mm. long; the shape of its

shell, to judge from pi. 8, fig. 5 [Muller, 1894], differs from

the form described above, though only in details; the spinebearing list has only 25 hyaline spines. First antenna: The

boundary between the fourth and fifth joints is not slightly

concave, but forms a sharp, almost a right angle. Maxilla:

This has a strongly reduced epipodite; without any dorsoproximal bristle and without the short ventero-distal bristle

on the basale; the proximal endite has no short bristle; the

baleen bristles are blunt distally. In all these characters the

specimen from the Bay of Naples investigated by me closely

agreed to the species describeel above. Its shell was 1.41 mm.

long and with regard to the shape of the shell it showed complete agreement with the figures given in this treatise; the

bristle-bearing list had 29-31 spines. First antenna: The

boundary between the fourth and fifth joints was like that

shown in the figure given by me. Similarly the maxilla

agreed entirely with that of the species described above. The

difference I observed between the specimen from the Bay of

Naples that I investigated and the type-specimen of this

species with regard to the hyaline spines on the spine-bearing

list, the postero-distal bristles on the fourth joint of the first

antenna, the basal spines on the exopodite of the second

antenna and the medial cleaning bristles of the mandible

(see above) [Skogsberg, 1920:486] cannot be considered to

stand in the way of this identification, as these are characters which, as I showed in the description of the genus, I

did not find quite constant in the species of the genus. With

regard to the postero-distal bristles on the fourth joint of the

first antenna G. W. Muller's [1894] fig. 30, pi. 4 agrees well

with mine, a fact which may, of course, be considered to

support this identification still further.

Skogsberg's claim that the illustration of the

maxilla by Muller (1894, pi. 5: fig. 15) does not

have a dorsoproximal bristle, or a short bristle on

the proximal endite is unfounded; they are faint

but easily visible with the aid of a magnifying

glass.

The juvenile males I examined differ in some

characters from the adult females described by

Muller (1894) and Skogsberg (1920). This is primarily because of their being younger and of a different sex. However, some differences that cannot

be attributed to these factors are the presence on

the juvenile males of a short bristle at the basis of

the coxale endite on the mandible, and spines

along the dorsal margin of the basale of the maxilla. Both may have been overlooked by Muller

and Skogsberg.

Klie (1940:409, figs. 7-10) referred specimens

from Liideritz Bay, Union of South Africa, to Aster ope muelleri Skogsberg. I concur with Poulsen

(1965:378) in being doubtful that the specimens

are conspecific with P. muelleri.

Vos (1957:8, pi. 3: fig. 2a-f) referred two females

collected in the English Channel near Roscoff,

France, to Asterope muelleri Skogsberg. The proximity of the collecting area to the type-locality of

the species gives support to the possibility that the

Roscoff specimens have been correctly identified.

The identification, however, cannot be verified by

study of the description and illustrations of Vos.

Therefore, I have designated this identification as

questionable in the synonymy.

Kornicker (1958:239, figs. 60, 61, 87a,d,g.) referred specimens from the Great Bahama Bank to

Asteropina muelleri (Skogsberg), and Poulsen

(1965:370-379, figs. 122-124) assigned specimens

from numerous localities in the West Indies to

Parasterope muelleri (Skogsberg). Poulsen (1965:

379) enumerated some difference between specimens described by Kornicker (1958) from the Bahamas and those described by Skogsberg (1920)

from the English Channel and by Poulsen (1965)

from the West Indies. These differences concern

the number of bristles with filaments on the end

joints of the 1st antenna, number and kind of bristles on the basale endite of the mandible, number

of bristles on the endites of the maxilla, and presence or absence of "2 bunches of hairs" on the 6th

limb. I have reexamined a gravid female from the

Bahamas and find it similar to those from the West

Indies and English Channel in the above points.

Poulsen (1965:378) listed some of the differences

between specimens from the West Indies and English Channel. This list, expanded to include a
38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

specimen from the Bahamas, is given in Table 2,

from which it is possible to infer that the European form is more closely related to the Bahamian

form than it is to the West Indian form.

According to the illustrations of the 1st antenna

of the Bahamian form by Kornicker (1958, fig.

61a) and the West Indian form by Poulsen (1965,

fig. 123a), the distal margin of the 4th joint is

linear. This is quite different than the 1st antennae

on specimens from the English Channel and Gulf

of Naples, which have concave distal margins on

the 4th joint. I have reexamined this margin on the

Bahamian specimen, however, and find it to be

concave, similar to the European form. If the West

Indian form does not have a concave margin, it is

probably not conspecific with either the Bahamian

or European forms.

Another criterion suggesting that the Bahamian

and West Indian forms are not conspecific is the

absence of a bristle at base of the coxale endite on

the West Indian form (Poulsen, 1965:372) and its

presence on the Bahamian form (observed on

specimen studied herein). The juvenile males from

the Gulf of Naples contain a bristle in this position,

but it was not reported by either Skogsberg or

Miiller on the specimens they examined.

Although I have doubts about the conspecificity

of the European and Bahamian-West Indian forms,

especially with the latter, I have retained both in

the synonymy, but with a question mark. It should

be noted that the basal spines on the exopodite of

the 2nd antenna of the Naples' specimen are longer

than those on the Bahamian and West Indian

specimens.

DESCRIPTION OF JUVENILE MALE APPENDAGES.—

First antenna (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 16a): 1st joint

with spines in clusters on medial surface; 2nd joint

with 1 distolateral bristle, 1 spinous dorsal bristle,

and few spines in clusters along dorsal margin; 3rd

and 4th joints separated by very faint suture; 3rd

joint with 1 short ventral bristle and 4 long dorsal

bristles, of the latter, the proximal bristle has many

long spines; 4th joint with 1 dorsal bristle, 2 ventral bristles and cluster of spines on ventral margin;

suture between 4th and 5th joints concave; sensory

bristle of 5th joint with 6 terminal filaments; 6th

joint with 1 spinous distomedial bristle. 7th joint

with a-, b-, c-bristles: a-bristle clawlike, with small

spines proximally along concave margin; b-bristle

with 4 filaments; c-bristle with 6 marginal filaments.

8th joint with e-, f-, g-bristles: e-bristle similar in

length to b-bristle; f-bristle with 6 marginal filaments; g-bristle with 5 marginal filaments.

Second antenna (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 166):

Prodopodite with short distomedial bristle and

several spines along dorsal margin. Endopodite 3-

jointed: 2nd joint with short bristle near middle;

3rd joint with long annulate filament near base.

Exopodite: 1st joint with short spines distally near

inner margin; 2nd-6th joints with combs of short

spines along distal margins; joints 3—9 with minute

spine distally on inner margin; bristle of 2nd joint

not over-reaching 9th joint, with ventral spines;

bristles of joints 3-9 with ventral spines proximally

TABLE 2.—Variations of characters of female Parasterope muelleri

from three localities

Females West Indies

1.11-1.23

bare

bare

bare

1

5

hairs

hairs

8

English Channel

1.37-1.41

short hairs

short hairs

short hairs

2

5-6

bare*

bare

9

Bahamas

1.26

short hairs

short hairs

short hairs

2

3-4

hairs

bare?

9

Length of shell (mm)

1st antenna, lateral bristle on 2nd joint . .

1st antenna, a-claw of 7th joint, dorsal

margin

Mandible, dorsal bristle of basale

Mandible, endopodite, 2nd joint, number

of cleaning bristles in proximal row . . .

Mandible, endopodite, 2nd joint, number

of cleaning bristles in distal row

Maxilla, dorsal margin of basale

Maxilla, cpipodite

Furca, number of pairs of claws

• Immature males described herein from the Gulf of Naples have hairs on the dorsal margins

of basale on maxillae.
NUMBER 178 39

FIGURE 16.—Parasterope muelleri: a, right 1st antenna, medial view; b, left 2nd antenna medial

view (only 2 short bristles of 9th joints shown; bristles on joints 3-8 not shown); c, exopodite of

right mandible, medial view; d, coxale endite of right mandible, medial view; e, part of maxilla; /, 6th limb; g, furca; h, gill-like structures (h, ZMB 9158:2; a-g, ZMB 9158:1).
40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

and natatory hairs; 9th joint with 4 bristles, 2 short

with short spines, 1 medium and 1 long with natatory hairs.

Mandible (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 16c,d): Basale

endite with 3 triaenid bristles with 2 or 3 pairs of

distal spines, 4 terminal bristles, and 1 rather long

dwarf bristle; dorsal margin of basale with 2 long

spinous bristles; faint spines forming clusters present along dorsal margin and medial surface of

basale. Exopodite almost reaching distal margin of

1st endopodite joint (Figure 16c). Endopodite: 1st

joint with 3 long spinous bristles on ventral margin; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with spinous a-, b-,

c-, and d-bristles; long slender bristle between band c-bristles; medial side of 2nd joint with short

spinous bristle near base of b-bristle, 3 unequal

spinous bristles forming transverse row near basis

of c-bristle, and 1 long slender spinous bristle near

basis of d-bristle; ventral margin of 2nd joint with

3 spinous bristles terminally; 3rd joint with stout

dorsal claw and 5 bristles. Coxale endite with short

bristle at basis (Figure 16d); ventral branch of endite with sharp spines in 3 transverse rows proximally, and 2 spines terminally; distance from main

spine on posterior margin of dorsal branch to tip

of branch equal to 38 percent of distance from tip

of ventral branch to tip of dorsal branch.

Mandible (ZMB 9158:2): Basale endite with 4

triaenid bristles, each with 2 or 3 pairs of distal

spines, 4 terminal bristles, 1 dwarf bristle, and

prominent glandular peg. Transverse row of medial

spinous bristles present near basis of c-bristle on

2nd endopodial joint.

Maxilla (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 16e): Epipodial

appendage triangular, fairly short; proximal endite

with 1 short and 3 long bristles; distal endite with

3 long bristles; dorsal margin of basale spinous,

with short proximal and distal bristles; ventral margin of basale with moderately long midbristle with

spines, 1 short bare distal bristle, and 1 long spinous terminal bristle; endopodite with 2 bristles on

1st joint and 1 on 2nd.

Maxilla (ZMB 9158:2): Similar to ZMB 9158:1

except for midbristle on ventral margin of basale

being bare.

Fifth limb (ZMB 9158:1): Exopodial bristle overreaching end of comb; anterodorsal margin of

comb with several long hairs; 2 or 3 short bare

bristles present near base of long exopodial bristle;

dorsal margin of comb smooth.

Sixth limb (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 16/): Anterior

margin hirsute and with 2 endite bristles; anteroventral corner with 2 unequal bristles; anteroventral margin hirsute, without bristles; posteroventral

margin with 11-14 spinous bristles, of these, posterior 5 or 6 longer than others; posterior margin

hirsute.

Furca (ZMB 9158:1, Figure 16g): Each lamella

with 6 curved claws and 1 backward pointing bristle; concave margins of claws 1 and 2 with 7 or 8

short spines in groups separated by a longer spine;

concave margins of claws 3-6 with short hairs.

Furca of ZMB 9158:2 same as above.

Eyes (ZMB 9158:1): Lateral eyes large, each with

17 ommatidia. Medial eye hirsute.

Gills (ZMB 9158:2, Figure 16/*): 7 elongate gills

on each side; distal end of each gill prolonged ventrally.

Cylindroleberis Brady, 1868

TYPE-SPECIES.—Cypridina mariae Baird, 1850 (p.

257, pi. 17: figs. 5-7), designated by SylvesterBradley (1961:Q402).

Cylindroleberis species indeterminate

FIGURE 17

MATERIAL.—1 9 , probably N-l instar, collected

by G. W. Muller (ZMB 9157). I dissected this specimen while at the Zoological Station of Naples. The

appendages are presently mounted on slides. A

right valve and left valve, each without associated

appendages, were also in the vial (no. 9157). I

examined these briefly, but did not attempt to identify them. During the dissection, many bristles and

claws separated from the remainder of the appendages, probably due to brittleness; also, many minute crystals are attached to the appendages. The

shell of the dissected specimen was left with other

material at the Zoological Station of Naples, so that

I did not have the opportunity to examine it in

detail. I have designated the dissected specimen as

specimen number 1 to distinguish it from other

specimens that were in vial 9157.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DISCUSSION.—Muller (1894:219) identified a

number of specimens collected in the Gulf of Naples as Cylindroleberis oblonga (Grube, 1859). He
NUMBER 178 41

referred C. oblonga to Asterope mariae (Baird,

1850) in his synoptic work of 1912 (p. 45).

Skogsberg (1920:518) referred Cylindroleberis

oblonga, Muller, 1894 [not Grube, 1859], to "Asterope Grimaldi n. sp. var. vicina n. var." Under "Remarks," he made the following statement:

In order to make a verificatory examination I applied to

Professor G. W. Muller for a mature female of the species

from the Bay of Naples, which he has dealt with on p. 219

of his large monograph, 1894, under the name of Cylindroleberis oblonga. Professor Miiller kindly sent me a Naples

specimen of this form. Although unfortunately this specimen

was not mature—it was a male in the last larval stage—yet

my synonymization given above, the result of a careful examination of this specimen, may be considered, if not as absolutely certain, at least as being fairly certain ... .

A principle difference between C. grimaldi and

C. grimaldi vicina is the presence of 1 or 2 midbristles on the dorsal margin of the basale of the

mandible of C. grimaldi and no bristles on C. grimaldi vicina. The juvenile female described herein

bears 1 midbristle on the dorsal margin of the mandibular basale, and thus, is closer in that feature to

C. grimaldi than to C. grimaldi vicina. The dorsal

margin of the 2nd joint of the 1st antenna of the

present specimen forms a bulge in the vicinity of

the dorsal bristle and, in that respect, is similar to

the 1st antenna illustrated by Muller (1894, pi. 4:

fig. 14). The dorsal margin of the 2nd joint of C.

grimaldi is almost linear (see Skogsberg, 1920, fig.

99:14). The shape of the 2nd joint of C. grimaldi

vicina was not described or illustrated by Skogsberg. The mandible illustrated by Muller (1894,

pi. 4: fig. 39) does not have a midbristle on the

dorsal margin of the mandibular basale. Apparently the specimens included by Muller in

Asterope oblonga (Grube) have mandibles with or

without a bristle on the dorsal margin of the mandibular basale. Additional specimens must be studied in order to determine whether this is due to

interspecific variability or to the presence of more

than 1 species. It should be noted that the dorsal

margin of the 6th joint on the male 1st antenna

illustrated by Muller (1894, pi. 4: fig. 15) bears a

proximal protuberance, which is absent on the

male 1st antenna of C. grimaldi illustrated by

Skogsberg (1920, fig. 99:15). It should also be noted

that the female 1st antenna illustrated by Muller

(1894, pi. 4: fig. 14) does not bear a proximal filament on the sensory bristle. Its absence is assumed

to have been due to observational error. Because

of the need for additional study before specimens

from the Gulf of Naples referred by Muller to A.

oblonga can be correctly identified, I have referred

the individual studied herein to Cylindroleberis

species indeterminate.

DESCRIPTION OF APPENDAGES OF FEMALE (probably N-l instar).—First antenna: 2nd joint with

short lateral bristle distally; dorsal margin forming

bulge near bristle (bristle missing on specimen);

sensory bristle of 5th joint with 6 terminal filaments and 1 short subterminal filament (Figure

17a); 8th joint with reduced e-bristle and without

d-bristle.

Second antenna (Figure 17&): Protopodite without distomedial bristle; endopodite weakly 3-

jointed, with annulate terminal bristle.

Mandible (Figure 17c-e): Coxale with small

spine near basis of endite. Dorsal margin of basale

with 1 short bristle near middle and 2 long bristles

terminally. Exopodite very small, about one-fourth

length of 1st endopodite joint, hirsute distally. 1st

joint of endopodite with short bare proximal bristle, a fairly short spinous bristle between b- and cbristles, and 4-5 medial bristles near c-bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 17/i): Proximal endite with 4

bristles, 3 long and 1 short; distal endite with 3

long bristles, all with marginal spines distally; long

bristle of 1st endopodial joint not quite reaching

tip of terminal bristle on end joint.

Fifth limb (Figure 17*): Exopodial bristle

slightly overreaching end of comb; lateral side of

comb with 5 short bristles distal to base of exopodial bristle; anterodorsal margin of comb with

about 10 long hairs. (Ventral bristles of comb, except anteriorly, not shown in Figure 17i).

Sixth limb (Figure 17g): Anterior margin with

2 bristles; anteroventral end with 6 spinous bristles;

posteroventral margin with about 24 bristles. (Bristles are broken off on specimen; therefore, number

of bristles are estimated from empty sockets).

Seventh limb (Figure 17k): Each end comb with

about 16 spinous teeth; limb with 6 terminal bristles and 3 lateral bristles, each with 3 to 5 bells.

Eyes: Lateral eyes (Figure 17/) large with 19-20

ommatidia. Medial eye (Figure 17;) about same

size or slightly smaller than lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 17;): Elongate, tapering distally.
42

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 17.—Cylindroleberis species indeterminate, ZMB 9157:1, female: a, end of sensory bristle

of 5th limb of 1st antenna (bristles incompletely shown); b, endopodite of 2nd antenna; c, margin of 2nd endopodite joint of mandible, medial view (only shows sockets of main bristles); d,

coxale endite of mandible; e, basale of mandible showing exopodite; /, lateral eye; g, 6th limb

(many posteroventral bristles missing); h, maxilla (epipodite not shown); i, distal end of 5th

limb, medial view; ;, rod-shaped organ and medial eye; k, distal end of 7th limb.
NUMBER 178

43

Prionotoleberis, new genus

ETYMOLOGY.—The generic name Prionotoleberis

from the Greek prionotos (jagged, serrated) +

leberis (sloughed skin). Gender: feminine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Prionotoleberis gyion, new species.

The collection on hand includes only two specimens of P. gyion, both juveniles. Additional specimens of a second species are present in a collection

from Mauritania (Kornicker and Caraion, 1974).

The diagnosis of the genus is based on the specimens from the Gulf of Naples and Mauritania.

DIAGNOSIS OF GENUS.—First antenna: Sensory

bristle of adult female with 6 long terminal filaments and 1 short proximal filament; d-bristle of

8th joint absent or minute. Mandible: Exopodite

longer than one-half length of dorsal margin on 1st

endopodite joint; no long slender lateral bristle between b- and c-bristles of 2nd endopodite joint;

ventral branch of coxale endite with 3 broad spines

at tip. Maxilla: End joint with 1 long terminal

bristle.

Comparisons of two characters of the appendages of Parasterope, Synasterope, Diasterope, and

Prionotoleberis show the following: (1) Proximal

filament on sensory bristle of the 1st antenna of

adult female is absent in Parasterope and Synasterope, and present in Diasterope and Prionotoleberis. (2) Long slender lateral bristle between

b- and c-bristles of the 2nd joint of endopodite of the

mandible is absent in Synasterope and Priontoleberis, and present in Parasterope and Diasterope.

Prionotoleberis gyion, new species

FIGURES 18-20

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name gyion from the

Greek noun meaning "limb."

HOLOTYPE.—Juvenile male, USNM 120344;

valves in alcohol, some appendages on slides, others

in alcohol.

PARATYPE.—Female instar in the collections of

the Zoological Station of Naples, Italy; valves in

alcohol, some appendages on slides, others in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy, near

Benta Palumma.

MATERIAL.—1 juvenile o* (estimated at N-l instar) collected in muddy sand from near Benta

Palumma, Gulf of Naples, at depth of 55 m, on

27 April 1966 by L. S. Kornicker; 1 juvenile $ (estimated as N-2 instar) collected in same sample

as cf instar above.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE INSTAR (Figure 18).—

Carapace elongate, oval in lateral view with height

49 percent of length; anterior and posterior ends

evenly rounded (Figure 18a); inferior tip of rostrum with short broad spines (not readily visible

except under oil immersion); inner angle of incisur

acute with lateral overlap of dorsal edge.

Ornamentation: Shell smooth without hairs or

pits; valves almost opaque, but with lateral eyes

and muscle scars visible in lateral view.

Infold (Figures 18d-/, 19c-/): Broad anteriorly

and posteriorly, narrow ventrally; infold above incisur with about 12 bristles in row parallel to upper edge of incisur, 16 long (some spinous) and 14

short bristles in row parallel to anterodorsal margin

of valve, about 7 bristles on low transverse ridge,

and 6 bristles between the bristles on transverse

ridge and anterior margin of valve; infold below

rostrum with about 25 long, and numerous very

short, bristles followed by about 12 long bristles

evenly spaced along the ventral margin; posterior

ridge with broad transparent spines and short

spines; infold between posterior ridge and posterior margin of valve with numerous bristles in row

parallel to posteroventral margin, and 5 or 6 faint

minute processes.

Hinge: Linear along dorsal margin.

Marginal pore canals: Fairly numerous along free

margins.

Central muscle scars (Figure 18b,c): Consisting

of 14-16 individual oval scars.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation narrow, bare, except for fringe of short hairs along anterodorsal

margin of each valve, and long hairs along lower

edge of incisur (Figure 19c-d).

Size: Length 1.54 mm, height 0.75 mm; height

49 percent of length.

Micromorphology based on scanning-electron

photomicrographs: Outer surface with scattered

long bristles emerging from open pores ringed by

concentric ridges (Figure 19a); minute simple pore

often near ringed pore (Figure 19a); open pores

with raised rim widely spaced on surface of valve

(Figure \9b). Fringed lamellar prologation present on selvage along lower margin of incisur (Fig-
44

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Or poo S BM^

FIGURE 18.—Priontoleberis gyion, new species, USNM 120344, juvenile male: a, carapace, length

1.54 mm; b, muscle scars left valve, lateral view; c, muscle scars right valve, lateral view; d, anterior left valve, medial view; e, central part ventral margin left valve, medial view; f, tip of rostrum left valve, medial view; g, 1st antenna, medial view; h, 2nd antenna, lateral view (not all

bristles of exopodite shown); i, mandible, medial view (bristles of end joint not shown); /', 6th

limb; k, anterior part maxilla, medial view; I, distal part 7th limb; m, furca; n, lateral eye; o,

upper lip; p, rod-shaped organ and medial eye.
NUMBER 178 45

FIGURE 19.—Prionotoleberis gyion, new species, USNM 120344, juvenile male, left valve: a, bristle

and pore with concentric ridges on outer side of valve, X 8000; b, 2 pores with raised rim on

outer side of valve, X 8000; c, incisur and rostrum, medial view, x 3000; d, detail of "c" showing fringed lamella prolongation on selvage along lower margin of incisur, X 850; e, flaplike

bristle and simple bristle on posterior list, x 4450; /, detail of base of flaplike bristle shown in

"e" showing tubelike pores, X 7000. (Photos reduced to 82 percent.)
46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ure I9c-d). Posterior list with flaplike bristles with

pores and tubes at their bases alternating with simple bristles emerging from open pores (Figure

19*-/).

First antenna (Figure 18g): 1st and 2nd joints

with clusters of spines medially and laterally; 2nd

joint with spinous distolateral bristle, and long

spinous subterminal bristle on dorsal margin; 3rd

joint with short ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles; 4th joint with 3 spinous terminal bristles, 1 dorsally, 2 ventrally; 3rd and 4th joints

separated by weak suture; sensory bristle of 5th

joint with thick trunk, 1 short proximal filament

and 6 terminal filaments; 6th joint with spinous

medial bristle overreaching claw of 7th joint. 7th

joint with a-, b-, and c-bristles: a-bristle clawlike,

curved; b-bristle with 4 marginal filaments; c-bristle

with 8 marginal filaments. 8th joint with e-, f-, and

g-bristles: e-bristle about one half length of gbristle; f-bristle at right angles to stem, with about

6 short spines proximally, and 5 marginal filaments

distally, 2 of the filaments with marginal spines; gbristle with.6 marginal filaments.

Second antenna (Figure \Sh): Protopodite with

medial distal bristle, 1 or 2 spines along anterior

margin, and clusters of spines on medial surface.

Endopodite 3-jointed, with long bristle near middle

of 3rd joint. Exopodite: 1st joint with medial

spines in cluster subterminally near inner margin;

joints 3-9 with large basal spines; joints 2-8 with

short distal spines in row along lateral and medial

margins; joints 3-9 with short peg and spines present on corner of joint opposite basal spine; bristle

of 2nd joint terminating close to proximal margin

of 9th joint, and with ventral margin having stout

spines proximally and slender spines distally; bristles of joints 3 and 4 with many ventral spines;

bristles of joints 5-7 with few; bristles of joints 3-8

with natatory hairs; 9th joint with 2 unequal long

bristles with natatory hairs, and 2 unequal short

bristles with marginal spines.

Right mandible (Figure 18i): Basale: lateral surface with clusters of spines; dorsal margin with 3

long spinous bristles, 1 medial near middle, and 2

subterminal; endite with 4 triaenid bristles having

3 pairs of spines distally, 4 spinous bristles, 2 bare

dwarf bristles and glandular peg. Exopodite about

three-fourths length of 1st endopodite joint, with 2

short bristles and hairs terminally. Endopodite; 1st

and 2nd joints each with 3 spinous ventral bristles;

dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite joint with stout

a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles, 1 short spinous bristle

proximal to a-bristle, 1 short spinous bristle medially between a- and b-bristles, 2 short spinous bristles medially between b- and c-bristles, 5 spinous

bristles in transverse row medially near d-bristle, 1

long slender spinous bristle between c- and d-bristles, and 1 medium spinous bristle distal and medial

to d-bristle; d-bristle with marginal spines; c-bristle

stouter and shorter than b- and c-bristles; 3rd endopodite joint with stout dorsal claw and 5 bristles,

3 stout, 2 slender. Coxale endite: ventral branch

with sharp spines in 4 rows, and tip with 3 stout

spines; dorsal branch with ventral margin with 1

pointed double-tooth followed by 3 rounded doubleteeth and 4 small projections; main tooth of dorsal

branch with spines along inner margin; dorsal margin of dorsal branch serrate; distal bristle of endite

overreaching tip; small medial bristle present near

basis of ventral branch.

Left mandible: Left mandible differing from

right in having no proximal bristle on dorsal margin of 2nd joint of endopodite, and in having only

1 triaenid bristle, 3 spinous bristles, 2 dwarf bristles, and glandular peg on basale endite (the sparsity of bristles on the endite suggests that it is

abnormal).

Maxilla (Figure 18k): Endites covered with debris and could not be observed; in other features,

similar to that of female described below.

Fifth limb: Similar to that of female described

below.

Sixth limb (appendage with some bristles missing, and coated with much debris; Figure 18/): Anterior margin with 2 endite bristles and short hairs;

anteroventral corner with 3 or 4 spinous bristles;

anterior margin of lateral sole with 1 spinous bristle

and numerous long hairs; ventral margin posterior

to lateral sole with hairs followed by 14 (estimated)

bristles with long proximal and short distal spines,

2 bristles with long spines, a space without spines,

and then 5 bristles with long spines; posterior margin and medial surface hirsute: 2 small medial

bristles present proximally near anterior margin.

Seventh limb (Figure 18/): Terminus with opposing combs, each comb with about 16 spinous

teeth. Bristles in distal group: 6, proximal group:

6, each with 2-4 bells; tip of each bristle elongate,

spinous.

Upper lip (Figure 18o): With low unpaired an-
NUMBER 178

47

FICURE 20.—Prionotoleberis gyion, new species, paratype, juvenile female: a, carapace, length

1.39 mm; b, tip of rostrum left valve, medial view; c, muscle scars left valve, lateral view; d,

muscle scars right valve, lateral view; e, anterior left valve, medial valve; /, part of posteroventral margin left valve, medial view; g, tip of 1st antenna, medial view; h, proximal part 2nd

antenna, medial view; i, part of margin 2nd endopodite joint of left mandible, medial view; /,

part of margin of 2nd endopodite joint of right mandible, lateral view; k, maxilla, medial view

(surface spines not shown); /, anterior part 5th limb, medial view (only few ventral bristles

shown); m, 6th limb, lateral view; n, rod-shaped organ and medial eye.
48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

terior part, and a pair of hirsute lobes posteriorly;

each posterior lobe with elongate, hirsute, lateral

lobe.

Furca (considerable debris in vicinity of secondary claws making observation difficult; Figure

18m): Each lamella with about 5 stout curved

claws and 3 weak secondary claws, some bristle-like;

stout claws with teeth along concave margins; claws

1-3 with fine spines along distal part of convex

margins.

Eyes: Lateral eye (Figure 18n) pigmented, with

about 19 ommatidia; medial eye (Figure \Sp) pigmented, about same size as lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 18p): Elongate, expanding near middle and tapering distally.

Gills: 7 elongate gills present on each side of

posterior.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE INSTAR (Figure 20).—

Carapace quite similar to that of male instar described above except for size and minor variations

in bristle distribution on inner lamella (Figure

20a-/). Minute indistinct processes (5 or 6) present

between posterior list and valve margin.

Size: Length 1.39 mm, height 0.71 mm, height

51 percent of length.

First antenna (Figure 20g): Proximal filament

on sensory bristle slightly longer than on male; fbristle of 8th joint without short proximal spines;

d-bristle present as short stump; other features similar to limb of male instar described above.

Second antenna (Figure 20h): Endopodite 3-

jointed with long terminal bristle on 3rd joint.

Exopodite without cluster of subterminal spines on

medial surface of 1st joint, and with 1 short and 2

long bristles on 9th joint. In other features similar

to appendage of male instar described above.

Mandible (Figure 20i,j): Basale endite with 3

triaenid bristles, 4 spinous bristles, 2 dwarf bristles

and glandular peg. 2nd endopodite joint: short

proximal bristle present on dorsal margin; a-, b-, c-,

d-bristles with marginal spines. Other features similar to that of male instar described above.

Maxilla (Figure 20&): Epipodial appendage hirsute, pointed distally, less than one-half length of

protopodite; proximal endite with 4 bristles, 3 long

and 1 short; distal endite with 5 or 6 bristles, 3

long and 1 or 2 short. Basale: ventral margin with

1 short proximal and 1 long distal bristle; dorsal

margin with 3 short bristles; medial surface hirsute

with 1 short bristle near center anterior to endites.

Endopodite: 1st joint spinous, with 1 short subterminal bristle anteriorly and 1 long bristle posteriorly; 2nd joint with long terminal bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 20/): Comb: Dorsal margin

bare, straight (folded over in illustration); long

lateral bristle spinous, considerably overreaching

tip of comb; lateral side with 5 short bristles between basis of long bristle and ventral margin of

comb; anterior edge with long hairs; ventral margin hirsute, and with numerous spinous bristles.

Sixth limb (Figure 20m): Anterior margin with

2 endite bristles and short hairs; anteroventral

corner with 2 or 3 spinous bristles; anterior margin

of lateral sole with 1 spinous bristle and numerous

long hairs; ventral margin posterior to lateral sole

with hairs followed by 14 bristles with long proximal and short distal spines, 2 bristles with long

spines, a space without spines but with marginal

hairs, and then 5 bristles with long spines; posterior margin and medial surface hirsute.

Seventh limb, rod-shaped organ, eyes (Figure

20n): Similar to those of male instar described

above.

Furca: Similar to male instar except for having

fewer secondary claws.

Polyleberis, new genus

ETYMOLOGY.—The generic name Polyleberis is

from the Greek poly (many) + leberis (sloughed

skin). Gender: feminine.

TYPE-SPECIES.—Polyleberis mackenziei, new species.

Additional specimens of the type-species, including adult females, were collected off Mauritania

(Kornicker and Caraion, 1974). The diagnosis of

the genus is based partly on those specimens.

DIAGNOSIS OF GENUS.—First antenna: Sensory

bristle on adult female without short proximal

filament and with 7-9 terminal filaments; d-bristle

of 8th joint absent or minute. Mandible: Exopodite

less than one-third length of dorsal margin of 1st

joint of endopodite; no long slender bristle between b- and c-bristles of 2nd joint of endopodite;

2nd and 3rd joints of endopodite separated by suture, and longer than 1st joint. Maxilla: End joint

with only 1 long bristle.

COMPARISONS.—The only other genus with a

short exopodite on the mandible is Cylindroleberis.

Polyleberis differs from that genus in not having a
NUMBER 178 49

FIGURE 21.—Polyleberis viackenziei, new species, 9 holotype: a, carapace, length 1.69 ram; b, part

of posterior margin right valve, medial view; c, anterior part right valve, medial view; d, right

1st antenna, lateral view; e, endopodite and part of protopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial

view; /, right mandible, lateral view; g, anterior part of right 5th limb, lateral view; h, anterior

tip of maxilla; i, anterior tip of epipodite of maxilla; /', right 6th limb, lateral view; k, anterior

part of animal; /, furca with claws 1-3 omitted: m, claw 1 of furca; n, tip of bristle of 7th limb.
50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

short proximal filament on the sensory bristle on

the 1st antenna of the adult female.

Polyleberis mackenziei, new species

FIGURES 21, 22

ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Dr. Kenneth G. McKenzie.

HOLOTYPE.—1 $ described herein. Appendages

on slides, 1 valve in alcohol, 1 valve gold-plated,

dry. In collection of Zoological Station of Naples.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gulf of Naples, Italy.

MATERIAL.—1 $ without eggs (may not be mature) from station B22, Gulf of Naples; collected

by Harbans S. Puri and Gioacchino Bonaduce.

DISTRIBUTION.—Gulf of Naples.

DESCRIPTION.—Carapace oval in lateral view with

height 46 percent of length (Figure 21a); inner

angle of incisur acute with upper margin overlapping lower laterally (Figure 22a,d,e)\ inferior

corner of rostrum smooth and slightly rounded;

posterior evenly rounded without caudal process.

Ornamentation: Shell smooth; valves translucent,

lateral eyes and muscle scars visible in external

view.

Infold (Figures 1\b,c; 22 d-l): Rostrum above

incisur with about 25 long bristles and 9 or more

short spines; Infold below incisur with about 15

long bristles and numerous short spines; Infold

broadening along posterior of valve, and with

ridge along inner margin with short spines and

broad transparent flap-like spines; 4 processes and

numerous pores present in row between inner

ridge and posterior shell margin; infold along ventral margin of valve with scattered bristles.

Marginal pore canals: Numerous around free

margins.

Central muscle scars: Consisting of about 12

ovoid scars.

Selvage: Fringed with long hairs along anterodorsal margin of valve and along lower edge of in

cisur.

Size: Length 1.69 mm, height 0.78 mm.

Micromorphology of carapace (based on scanning-electron photomicrographs): Outer surface

with scattered bristles emerging from open pores

surrounded by concentric ridges (Figure 2,2b) and

widely spaced minute rimmed pores without bristles (Figure 22r). Posterior infold with flaplike

bristles with tubelike pores at bases alternating

with simple bristles emerging from open pores (Figure 22f,i-k). Infold between posterior infold and

posterior valve margin with scooplike processes and

pores forming row near valve margin (Figure 22/—i)

(the posterior pores appear to emerge from linear

raised tubes, but their raised nature may be the result of the freeze-drying process).

First antenna (Figure 2Id): 1st and 2nd joints

with clusters of spines on lateral and medial surfaces; 2nd joint with short bare lateral bristle without visible annulations, and spinous recurved bristle

on dorsal margin near distal end; 3rd and 4th

joints not separated by distinct suture. 3rd joint:

ventral margin with short annulate spine; dorsal

margin with 6 spinous bristles; proximal bristle of

dorsal margin with basis on prominance. 4th joint

with 1 spinous dorsal bristle and 2 ventral bristles,

1 spinous, 1 bare; 5th joint with stout sensory bristle having 9 long distal filaments on right appendage and 8 on left; 6th joint with slender medial

bristle reaching tip of a-claw of 7th joint; 7th joint

with stout a-claw about 80 percent length of joints

5-7, b-bristle with 2 short proximal and 3 long distal filaments, c-bristle with 6 marginal filaments;

8th joint with minute d-bristle, e-bristle overreaching a-claw, f-bristle with 4 spinous proximal filaments and 1 bare distal filament, g-bristle with 6

marginal filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 21e): Protopodite with

short distal medial bristle; endopodite without distinct sutures delimiting joints, and with terminal

bristle slightly longer than stem of endopodite.

Exopodite: 2nd joint with spinous bristle reaching

middle of 9th joint: joints 5-8 with 1 basal spine,

joint 9 with 2; joints 2-8 with comb of short spines

along distal margin; bristles on joints 2-5 with

short spines along margin; bristles of joints 3-8

with long marginal hairs; joint 9 with 3 unequal

bristles, shortest bristle bare or with short spines,

others with long hairs.

Mandible (Figure 21/): Basale: Endite with 2

dwarf bristles, 4 triaenid bristles with 2-4 pairs of

distal spines, 4 spinous terminal bristles and minute glandular peg; dorsal margin with 2 long subterminal bristles and 1 midbristle about length of

dorsal margin. Exopodite less than one-third length

of dorsal margin of 1st exopodite joint, with 2

short bristles and hirsute process terminally; 1st

exopodite joint with 2 long bristles with long
NUMBER 178 51

FIGURE 22.—Polyleberis mackenziei, new species, $ holotype, right valve: a, complete valve, lateral

view, x 62; b, lateral bristle and pore with concentric ridges, X 10,000; c, simple lateral pore,

X 10,000; d, complete valve, medial view, x 50; e, detail of anterior shown in "d", x 200; /,

detail of posteroventral part of valve shown in "d", x 150; g, detail of "f" showing posterior

infold (2 processes indicated by arrows), X 1000; h, detail of "g" showing lower process, X

3000; i, detail of "/" showing lower process, X 2500; /, detail of posterior list showing flaplike

bristles and adjacent simple bristles, x 2000; k, detail of ";" showing flaplike bristle and rubes

emerging from pores at base of bristle, X 7500; /, detail of posterior list showing near top a

bristle emerging from simple pore, and near bottom the base of a flaplike bristle, X 5000. (Photos reduced to 55 percent).
52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

spines and 1 medium bristle with short spines. 2nd

exopodite joint: ventral margin with 3 terminal

bristles, 2 long with spines, 1 medium with faint

spines distally; dorsal margin with stout a-, b-, c-,

and d-bristles, 1 short proximal bristle, 1 long

spinous bristle between c- and d-bristles, 1 long

bristle distal to d-bristle; a-, b-, d-bristles with marginal spines, c-bristle bare; medial side near dorsal

margin with short bristle near base of b-bristle; 5

short bristles in transverse row present near base of

c-bristle. End joint with short dorsal claw and 5

slender-to-stout bristles. Coxale endite: short spine

present near base; ventral branch with row of

sharp spines (remainder obscure).

Maxilla (Figure 21h,i): Proximal endite with

4 bristles, 3 long and 1 short; distal endite with 3

long bristles; basale with 1 short ventral bristle near middle, 1 long spinous distal bristle, and 1

short dorsal bristle; Endopodite: 1st joint with

short dorsal bristle and long spinous B-bristle; 2nd

joint with long spinous bristle; epipodite narrow,

pointed, hirsute.

Fifth limb (Figure 21g): Comb: Dorsal margin

smooth; anterior end with long hairs; distal bristles

of comb longer than others; long lateral bristle

overreaching end of comb.

Sixth limb (Figure 21;): Anterior margin with 2

bristles and hairs; anteroventral end with 5 bristles. Posteroventral margin with 23 bristles on right

appendage and 21 on left; of these, the posterior 4

bristles longer than others, the posterior 9 bristles

have long marginal spines, and the anterior 12-14

bristles have long proximal spines and short distal

spines. Medial surface and posterior margin hirsute.

Seventh limb (Figure 21 n): Terminal comb with

about 12 spinous teeth on each side; 6 bristles present in both proximal and distal groups, 3 on each

side; each bristle with 3-5 distal bells.

Furca (Figure 21/,m): Each lamella with 9 claws;

last claw pointing posteriorly; claws 1-6 only

weakly spined along the anterior and posterior distal margins; margin of lamella posterior to claw 9

with comb of spines followed by space and then

spines in continuous row along margin.

Upper lip (Figure 21 A): Helmet shaped, hirsute;

triangular protuberance between lip and basis of

each 1st antenna.

Eyes (Figure 21 A): Lateral eyes pigmented each

with 21-23 ommatidia. Medial eye about same size

as lateral eye.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 21 k): Elongate, somewhat expanding near middle, tapering distally.

Dorsum: Hirsute except immediately above

furca, but without dorsal process.

Gills: Elongate, about 8 on each side.

CYCLASTEROPINAE Poulsen, 1965

This subfamily is represented in the collections

by only one genus, Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920,

with one species.

Cycloleberis Skogsberg, 1920

TYPE-SPECIES.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi (Miiller)

by Skogsberg (1920:442).

Cycloleberis lobiancoi (Miiller, 1894)

FIGURES 25-26

Cylindroleberis lobianci Miiller, 1894:220, pi. 4: figs. 40, 42.

pi. 5: figs. 2-3, 26, 32, 34, 40, pi. 40: figs. 36, 42, 44, [not

Sharpe, 1908:424, pi. 63: figs. 1-5, pi. 65: figs. 3-7].

Cyclasterope lobiancoi.—Miiller, 1912:48 [key, diagnosis].—

Klie, 1943:49, figs. l-4[?].—Pun, 1963:2 [listed].—Reys,

1965b:256, 258 [listed].

Cycloleberis lobiancoi.—Skogsberg, 1920:437, 442 [discussion].

—Poulsen, 1965:238 [discussion], 245 [key].

Cyclasterope (Cycloleberis) lobiancoi.—Sylvester-Bradley,

1961:Q402 [revision].

Not Cyclasterope lobiancoi.—Barney, 1921:179, fig. 2.

MATERIAL.—One adult 9 without eggs from station B31 Gulf of Naples; collected by Harbans S.

Puri and Gioacchino Bonaduce. Presently with

some appendages on slides, and remaining appendages and valves in alcohol, all in collection of Zoological Station of Naples.

DISTRIBUTION.—Mediterranean: Gulf of Naples,

Gulf of Marseille (Reys, 1965b:258). Questionably

in Atlantic Ocean off northwest Africa (Klie, 1943:

50).

DISCUSSION.—Miiller (1894:221) based his description of C. lobiancoi on 2 females collected in

the Gulf of Naples. Unfortunately Miiller's specimens have not been located and apparently are not

in the collections of the Zoological Institute of

Greifswald or the Zoological Museum of Berlin.

The female described herein was collected in the
NUMBER 178 53

Gulf of Naples by Harbans S Puri and Gioacchino

Bonaduce. Therefore, it is necessary to consider

whether this specimen is conspecific with those

described by Miiller. Primarily because of the similarity of carapace size, furca, and terminal comb of

the 7th limb, I have concluded that this specimen

is conspecific with that described by Miiller. However, differences in the morphology of the coxale

endite of the mandible and especially the endopodite of the 2nd antenna leave open a possibility

that the specimen described herein is new. For example, the penultimate joint of the endopodite of

the 2nd antenna of Miiller's specimen (1894, pi. 5:

fig. 34) bears 5 bristles compared to only 2 on the

specimen described herein. I have assumed that this

difference is the result of variability within the

species. Furthermore, the specimen described herein

has a brush-shaped organ. I have assumed this organ was overlooked by Miiller. Other differences

are attributed to variability within the species or

due to features having been overlooked or interpreted differently by Miiller.

Poulsen (1965:245), in a key to species of Cycloleberis, distinguished C. lobiancoi from C. orbicularis (Brady, 1897) and C. galatheae Poulsen, 1965,

by C. lobiancoi having "the terminal bristle of the

endite of the mandible coxale placed at some distance from the tip of the endite," whereas, the

other 2 species have " this bristle placed on the tip

of the endite." On the specimen I examined it was

difficult to ascertain the exact position of the base

of the terminal bristle, but I have concluded that

it is probably at the tip as shown by Miiller (1894,

pi. 4: fig. 42), or at least close to it. It is not some

distance from the tip as on the larval male illustrated by Klie (1943:51, fig. 2), whose identification

I have questioned. The shallowness of the concavities between the main furcal claws of specimens

identified as Cylindroleberis lobianci by Sharpe

(1908), and the large size of specimens identified as

Cyclasterope lobiancoi by Barney (1921) precludes

their being included in Cycloleberis lobiancoi.

The 1st joint of the endopodite of the 2nd antenna on females of some species of Cycloleberis

may be interpreted as having a short proximal and

long distal part separated by a weak-to-strong suture. The proximal segment usually bears a few

short bristles. On other species, such as C. lobiancoi, a few short bristles appear to be on the protopodite near the base of a 3-jointed endopodite.

Because the 1st joint of the endopodite of the male

of Cycloleberis (Poulsen, 1965:269, fig. 90d) bears

several short proximal bristles, it is expedient for

comparative purposes to consider the short bristles

on the protopodite of C. lobiancoi to be on a proximal segment of the 1st endopodial joint.

DESCRIPTION.—Complete carapace oval in lateral

view with height 83 percent of length (Figures

23a-d, 24a, 25b); left valve overlapping right along

dorsal margin; inferior margin of rostrum pointed;

inner margin of incisur rounded; posterior evenly

rounded without caudal process.

Ornamentation: Shell with frosted appearance

and numerous fosse (Figure 24); valves almost

opaque, with lateral eyes and muscle scars bearly

visible in external view; lower margin of incisur with several lateral bristles. Examined specimen with numerous microconcretions of secondary

calcite.

Infold (Figures 2Sa,d, 25): Broad and vestibule

deep along ventral and posterior margins, and also

along anterior margin except behind incisur; infold above incisur with about 270 bristles, below

incisur and along ventral margin with about 175

bristles; anterior to posterior margin with about

240 bristles in vicinity of list and about 75 small

bristles between list and outer margin.

Hinge: Hingement extending along posterior

two-thirds of dorsal margin; valve edge anterior to

end of hinge with series of denticulations (Figure

23c). A longer row of denticulations on the right

valve of Cyclasterope fascigera Brady, 1902, was

said by Skogsberg (1920:542) to resemble a string

of pearls.

Marginal pore canals: Numerous around free

margins.

Central muscle scars: Obscured by secondary calcification. Klie (1943:52, fig. 4) shows about 39 ovalto-elongate muscle scars for C. lobiancoi.

Selvage: Lamellar prolongation of selvage on rostrum narrow with smooth edge becoming hirsute

near anterior hinge element; lamellar prolongation

not observed in other parts of shell.

Size: Length of $ examined 4.29 mm, height

3.53 mm. Miiller (1894:221) reported length of $ as

4.3 mm.

Micromorphology of carapace (based on scanning-electron photomicrographs): Outer surface

with abundant shallow fossae with reticulate flat

bottom and acentric bristle with bulbous base Fig-
FICURE 23.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi, adult 9, length 4.29 mm: a, anterior part left valve, medial

view; b, anterior part left valve, lateral view; c, anterior part of hinge, left valve, dorsal view;

d, part of posteroventral margin, left valve, medial view; e, right 1st antenna, medial view;

/, left 2nd antenna, medial view; g, coxale endite of mandible, medial view; h, left mandible,

medial view; i, left maxilla, medial view.
NUMBER 178 55

FIGURE 24.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi, adult female, left valve: a, complete valve, lateral view, X 22;

b, dorsal view, X 25; c, anterior view, x 21; d, incisur, lateral view, detail from "a", x 200;

e, incisur, anterior view, detail from "c", X 150; /, posterior end of lamellar prolongation of

selvage along anterodorsal margin, detail from "b", x 1130; g, detail of pustulae on carapace,

detail from "/", X 11,300; h, surface of valve, detail from "a", x 540; i, detail of pores on valve

surface, X 5600; j , fossae with bristle and pore with bristle on valve surface, x 615; k, bottom

of fossae and bristle shown in "]", X 8400; /, detail of pore and bristle, note radial ridges

around pore, X 1200. (Photos reduced to 55 percent.)
56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ure 24a-e,h,j,k); anterior and ventral fossae with

adjacent oblique ridge anterior or anteroventral to

fossae (Figure 2.4a,c-e,h); surface between fossae

faintly reticulate (Figure 24h), pores present along

margins of reticulations (Figure 24?); small bristles

emerging from widely scattered open pores (Figure

24;,/); open pores surrounded by faint radial ridges

(Figure 24d,/,/); surface between some fossae and

along anterodorsal margin with numerous pustulae

(Figure 24/,g,/). Posterior list with anterior row of

bristles emerging from open pores (Figure 25g,k,l)

and anterior row of bristles emerging from closed

pores (on specimen examined bristles missing from

many pores, Figure 25/-A); bristles from closed

pores consist of a short tubelike bristle with pore at

base (Figure 25g—h) alternating with a long stout

bristle (on specimen examined bristles are missing

but are represented by basal remnant, Figure 25i,/);

where long stout bristles are missing, several pores

visible at bases (Figure 25h—I); a short raised pore

present between pairs of closed pores and slightly

anterior to them (see middle of Figure 25 k). (The

knowledge that many bristles are missing from the

posterior list was gained from study of a specimen of

the genus collected off Mauritania (Kornicker and

Caraion, 1974)). Infold between posterior list and

posterior margin of valve with bristles forming row

just anterior to posterior margin of valve (see arrows on Figure 25/). Lamellar prolongations

fringed on selvage along anterodorsal margin (Figure 256,/); lamellar prolongation of selvage and list

along anteroventral and part of ventral margin

(Figure 2ba-e) probably form current channel when

valve is closed.

First antenna (Figure 2$e): 1st and 2nd joints

hirsute; dorsal margin of second joint with 5 spinous bristles near middle and 1 terminal; lateral surface with 7 or 8 spinous distal bristles; 3rd joint

with 1 short bare ventral bristle and 16 dorsal bristles, most with long or short spines; 4th joint with 1

spinous dorsal bristle and 5 spinous ventral bristles,

all bristles terminal; dorsal margin of 5th joint

convex, smooth; sensory bristle with 2 short proximal filaments and 14 long distal filaments, proximal of latter filaments being half length of others;

medial bristle of 6th joint long, spinous. 7th joint:

a-bristle claw-like, equal in length to stem of sensory

bristles of 5th joint; b-bristle long, with about 14

filaments; c-bristle (broken) with about 10 filaments.

8th joint: d- and e-bristles slightly longer than sensory bristle of 5th joint; f-bristle at angle to a-bristle,

bearing about 9 filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 23/): Protopodite with

small bare medial bristle, and with about 4 hairs

medially near dorsal margin, and numerous spines

along ventral margin. Endopodite 3 jointed: 1st

joint with 3 short proximal and 5 or 6 longer distal bristles; 2nd joint with 2 or 3 bristles; 3rd joint

with 1 long terminal bristle reaching 4th joint of

exopodite, all bristles bare. Exopodite: 1st joint

with distomedial spine and minute teeth along

lateral side near concave dorsal margin; 2nd to 8th

joints with short basal spines and hirsute bristles;

9th joint with short lateral spine and 1 short, 1

medium, and 3 long hirsute bristles; bristles on 2nd

to 8th joints and 3 long bristles on 9th joint with

short ventral spines on proximal half; distal margins of 2nd to 8th joints with comb of short spines.

The endopodite illustrated by Miiller (1894, pi.

5, fig. 34) differs from the one described above in

having a total of 16 bristles compared to only 12

on the above specimen.

Mandible (Figure 2Sg,h): Coxale endite with

slender annulate proximal bristle; ventral margin

of dorsal branch with spines in transverse rows

proximally and 8 teeth distally: 1st tooth with posterior spines, 2nd-4th with posterior secondary

teeth, 5th-8th with anterior spines; margin between 8th tooth and tip of branch serrate; terminal

bristle long slender with few short marginal spines;

dorsal margin of dorsal branch with spines distally.

Ventral branch with slender spines proximally and

stouter sharply pointed spines in about 4 transverse

rows distally; tip of branch with 2 rounded teeth

dorsally and 1 serrate tooth ventrally. Basale: endite with 6 short and about 17 long bristles, mostly

triaenid type; ventral margin with 16 triaenid bristles and 1 long and 1 medium distal spinous bristle; medial surface near ventral margin with 8

short bristles; lateral surface near ventral margin

with 3 short bristles; dorsal margin with 7 bristles

distally, 2 long and spinous, 3 medium, 2 short;

medial surface with clusters of slender spines. Exopodite reaching past distal margin of 1st endopodite joint; surface hirsute distally; ventral margin

with 2 subequal bristles near middle. Endopodite:

ventral margin of 1st joint with 1 short and 8

longer bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd joint with

numerous bristles; ventral margin with 6 terminal

bristles; distal medial surface with short spinous
FIGURE 25.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi, adult female, left valve, medial view: a, complete valve, X 20;

b, incisur and rostrum, x 100; c, detail of infold ventral to incisur, dorsal end of inner lamellar

prolongation on list indicated by arrow, X 200; d, infold adjacent to that shown in "c", inner

and outer lamellar prolongations on list and selvage indicated by arrows, X 200; e, infold adjacent to that shown in "d," x 200; /, posterior edge of valve from "a", x 200; g, detail from

upper end of "f" showing pores and bristles of list, x 1250; h, detail from "g" showing tubelike

bristle, x 6240; i, detail of upper pore shown in "g" (arrow indicates remnant of wall of bristle

that probably encircled pores), X 10,000; ;, detail of lower pore shown in "g" (arrow indicates

remnant of wall of bristle that probably encircled pores), X 5000; k, part of posterior list

showing pores and bristle, X 1250; /, detail of 4 pores that probably contained bristles forming

row in "k," X 5000. (Photos reduced to 55 percent.)
58

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 26.—Cycloleberis lobiancoi, adult female, length 4.29 mm: a, anterior of left 5th limb,

lateral view; b, left 6th limb, medial view; c, 7th limb and gill-like structures; d, furca and posterior; e, detail of tip of claw 1; /, anterior part of animal, lateral view; g, anterior part of animal, anterior view; h, tip of 7th limb; i, brush-shaped organ and genital structure.
NUMBER 178 59

bristles in 5 transverse rows near dorsal margin;

end joint with 3 stout claws, and 1 long, 1 medium

and 1 short bristle.

Maxilla (Figure 23i): Epipodite narrow, bare,

acuminate. Protopodite and basale not separated

by distinct suture. Protopodite: proximal ventral

margin with numerous long and short bristles on

about 3 lobes, distal lobe located medially and with

6 bristles. Basale: medial surface hirsute, with 1

bristle ventral to proximal bristles on dorsal margin; lateral surface with 1 bristle near ventral

margin; dorsal margin hirsute with 16 proximal

and 8 distal bristles, each with a terminal papilla;

ventral margin with 14 short bristles in medial row

followed by 4 longer bristles; medially surface hirsute, with 5 short bristles distally. Exopodite small,

with 2 short and 1 longer bristle. Endopodite: 1st

joint hirsute, with short a-bristle in middle of anterior margin and long spinous ^-bristle terminal

on posterior margin; end joint with 6 bristles.

Fifth limb (Figure 26a): Epipodial appendage

with 102-105 hirsute bristles (only 3 distal bristles

shown in Figure 26a); dorsal margin of comb hirsute, with 12 bare bristles, each with a terminal papilla; lateral side of comb with 2 slender bristles

distally and 4 proximally, all near ventral margin,

and 5 short bare bristles and 2 long spinous bristles

near middle; stouter of latter bristles not overreaching anterior of appendage; comb margin with

numerous spinous ventral bristles (only 5 distal

bristles illustrated in Figure 26a); anterior vertical

margin of appendage with numerous spinous bristles in row (not shown in Figure 26a) and 8 medial

bristles proximally.

Sixth limb (Figure 266): Protopodite: proximal

end with 2 small bristles and several short triangular spines medially; anterior margin with spinous

bristles in 2 rows medially, outer row with about

25 bristles, inner row with about 12 stouter bristles;

distal posterior margin with 5 bristles on left appendage and 4 on right, bristles bare or with short

spines; medial and lateral surfaces hirsute. End

joint: anterior margin (between protopodite and a

short suture) with continuation of 2 rows of spinous bristles present on medial surface of protopodite, outer row with 12 bristles, inner row with

only 4; surface between inner and outer rows with

1 long spinous bristle; anterior margin distally of

short suture with about 29 short and 3 long spinous

bristles; posterior tip of joint with 1 short and 4

long spinous bristles; anterior three-fourths of ventral margin with about 80 bristles in roughly 3

rows extending onto the medial surface; of these,

the more proximal rows containing shorter bristles;

anterior margin of lateral flap extending only

slightly and with 4-8 short hirsute marginal bristles; medial and lateral surfaces hirsute, but lateral

surface with fewer hairs.

Seventh limb (Figure 26c): Length of limb 3.3

mm, width at tip 0.25 mm, width along proximal

half 0.11 mm, length bearing lateral bristles 0.95

mm. Numerous bristles (about 90) on distal 42 segments, each bristle with 2-8 bells; about half of

segments bearing 2 bristles on one side and 1 or 2

on other. Terminal comb with 50-55 teeth with serrate margins; proximal 9 teeth near middle of each

side with chevron-like spines on outer sides (Figure

26/i); tips of teeth bending inward.

Furca (Figure 26d,e): Each lamella with 3 main

claws followed by 9 secondary claws; primary claws

with 2 rows of teeth, 1 along concave margin, other

on medial surface near concave margin; both rows

composed of large teeth separated by 2 or 3 minute

teeth; convex margins of main claws with hairs;

concavity in lamella between bases of claws 1 and

2 with greatest depth 46-52 percent of greatest

width (depth measured perpendicular to line connecting inner corners of distal ends of bases); concavity in lamella between bases of claws 2 and 3

with greatest depth 78-92 percent of greatest width;

projections of lamella forming bases of claws 1 to

3 with medial hairs forming 2 rows; secondary

claws 1 and 9 smaller than secondary claw 2; secondary claws with marginal teeth near middle and

finer spines distally; secondary spines faintly annulate in distal half; base of secondary claw 1 very

slightly offset from base of secondary claw 2; secondary claw 1 located immediately adjacent to

main claw 3 on left lamella, but located about

three-fourth width of base of claw 3 posterior to

claw 3 on right lamella; short segment following

lamellae with long hairs forming row; secondary

claws 2 to 8 slightly decreasing in diameter posteriorly along lamella; secondary claws 2 and 3

slightly shorter than claws 4 to 8.

Posterior (Figure 26d): Posterior between furca

and dorsum hirsute; dorsum with few minute

spines; dorsal process absent.

Brush-shaped organ (Figure 26i): Short lobe
60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

bearing 13 bristles, 1 of these being much shorter

than remainder.

Genitalia (Figure 26i): Each genital organ consisting of a lobe with sclerotized components.

Lateral eyes (Figure 26/): Large, each with about

70 ommatidia in 5 rows, each row with 12-15 ommatidia.

Rod-shaped organ and medial eye (Figure 26/):

Rod-shaped organ elongate with short proximal

and long distal segments; proximal part of distal

segment striate with 2 expanded portions. Medial

eye large, pigmented.

Upper lip and anterior (Figure 26/,g): Upper lip,

with low unpaired anterior lobe and paired posterior lobes; each posterior lobe with a narrow lateral lobe at posterior, covering mouth; all lobes

hirsute. Sclerotized protuberance present on anterior of body between base of each 1st antenna

and posterior lobe.

Gills (Figure 26c): About 7 on each side, broad

with acuminate tips.

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1963. Preliminary Notes on the Ostracoda of the Gulf of

Naples. Experienta, 19 (368): 1-6.

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mediterranea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 29:133-136, 1

figure.

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mediterranea Costa. Arbeiten der Zoologischen Institute, 16(3):383-398, 9 figures.

Reys, Simone

1964. Note sur les ostracodes des Phanerogames marines

des cotes de provence. Recueil Des Travaux de la

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62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Scott, T.

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1949. Marine Ostracoda from Tortugas, Florida. Journal

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Index

(New species and page numbers of principal accounts are in italics)

angulata, Pseudophiiomecles, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 21, 23

asper, Euphilomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 14-17, 16 (fig. 5)

aspera, Euphilomedes, 14

1 hilomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 14

Asteiope Grimaldi var. vicina, 41

Asterope mariae, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 41

muelleri, 36, 37

Mulleri, 36

oblonga, 41

teres, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 36

Asteropidae, 2

Asteropina muelleri, 37

Asteropinae, 2 (tab. 1)

Bradycinetus brenda, 9

brenda, Bradycinetus, 9

capsula, Sarsiella, 2 (tab. 1), 27-23, 28 (fig. 11), 30 (fig. 12),

31 (fig. 13), 33, 35, 36

(?) capsula, Sarsiella, 27

Centropyxis, 8

costai, Skogsbergia, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 8-12, 10 (fig. 3)

Cyclasterope fascigera, 53

lobiancoi, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53

Cyclasteropinae, 2 (tab. 1), 36, 52

Cycloleberis, 52, 53

galatheae, 53

lobiancoi, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53-60, 54 (fig. 23), 55 (fig. 24),

57 (fig. 25), 58 (fig. 26)

orbicularis, 53

Cylindroleberididae, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 36 (key)

Cylindroleberidinae, 2 (tab. 1), 36

Cylindroleberis, 36, 40, 48

grimaldi, 41

grimaldi vicina, 41

lobianci, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53

lobiancoi, 1, 52

oblonga, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 40, 41

species indeterminate, 2 (tab. 1), 40, 41, 42 (fig. 17)

teres 1, 2 (tab. 1), 36, 37

Cypridina lerneri, 4

mariae, 40

mediterranea, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 4, 8, 9, 11

mediterranea messinensis, 9

mediterranea "typica," 9

mediterranea "var. b," 9

messinensis, 9

squamosa, 2 (tab. 1), 4

(?) squamosa, 4

squamosa lerneri, 4

Cypridinacea, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 3 (key)

Cypridinidae, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 3

Cypridinidarum, 4

Cypridini formes, 2

Cypridininae, 2 (tab. 1)

Diasterope, 43

disparalis, Sarsiella, 27

Euphilomedes, 12, 14, 15, 17

asper, 2 (tab. 1), 14-17, 16 (fig. 5)

aspera, 14

nodosus, 14

sinister, 2 (tab. 1), 17-21, 18 (fig. 6), 20 (fig. 7)

fascigera, Cyclasterope, 53

ferulanus, Pseudophilomedes, 23

foveolata, Philomedes, 14

Pseudophilomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 14, 21, 23

foveolatus, Pseudophilomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 21, 22 (fig. 8), 23-27,

24 (fig. 9), 26 (fig. 10)

galatheae, Cycloleberis, 53

globosus, Philomedes, 19

grimaldi, Cylindroleberis, 41

Grimaldi vicina, Asterope, 41

grimaldi vicina, Cylindroleberis, 41

gyion, Prionotoleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 43-48, 44 (fig. 18), 45 (fig.

19), 47 (fig. 20)

Halocypridae, 2

interpuncta, Philomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 17, 19

lerneri, Cypridina, 4

Skogsbergia, 4

levis, Philomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 12-14, 13 (fig. 4)

Sarsiella, 2 (tab. 1), 27

lobianci, Cylindroleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53

lobiancoi, Cyclasterope, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53

Cycloleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 52, 53-60, 54 (fig. 23), 55 (fig. 24),

57 (fig. 25), 58 (fig. 26)

Cylindroleberis, 1, 52

longicornis, Philomedes, 12, 17, 19

mackenziei, Polyleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 48, 49 (fig. 21), 50-52, 51

(fig. 22)

mariae, Asterope, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 41

Cypridina, 40

mediterranea, Cypridina, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 4, 8, 9, 11

Skogsbergia, 3, 11

messinensis, Cypridina, 9

"typica," Cypridina, 9

63
64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

"Var. b," Cypridina, 9

megalops, Skogsbergia, 3

messinensis, Cypridina, 9

Cypridina mediterranea, 9

minuta, Skogsbergia, 3

muelleri, Asterope, 36, 37

Asteropina, 37

Parasterope, 2 (tab. 1), 36-37, 38-40, 38 (tab. 2), 39 (fig.

16)

Muelleri, Asterope, 36

Myodocopa, 2 (tab. 1)

Myodocopina, 2 (tab. 1)

neapolis, Sarsiella, 2 (tab. 1), 32 (fig. 14), 33-36, 34 (fig. 15)

Nematohamma obliqua, 27

nodosus, Euphilomedes, 14

obliqua, Nematohamma, 27

oblonga, Asterope, 41

Cylindroleberis, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 40, 41

orbicularis, Cycloleberis, 53

Ostracoda, 2

Paradoloria, 3

Parasterope, 36, 43

muelleri, 2 (tab. 1), 36-37, 38-40, 38 (tab. 2), 39 (fig. 16)

Philomedes, 12

aspera, 2 (tab. 1), 14

foveolata, 14

globosus, 19

interpuncta, 2 (tab. 1), 17, 19

levis, 2 (tab. 1), 12-14, 13 (fig. 4)

longicornis, 12, 17, 19

Philomedidae, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 12 (key)

Philomedinae, 2 (tab. 1), 12

Podocopa, 2

Polycopidae, 2

Polyleberis, 36, 48

mackenziei, 2 (tab. 1), 48, 49 (fig. 21), 50-52, 51 (fig. 22)

Prionotoleberis, 36, 43

gyion, 2 (tab. 1), 43-48, 44 (fig. 18), 45 (fig. 19), 47 (fig. 20)

Pseudophilomedes, 21, 23

angulata, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 21, 23

ferulanus, 23

foveolata, 2 (tab. 1), 14, 21, 23

foveolatus, 2 (tab. 1), 21, 22 (fig. 8), 23-27, 24 (fig. 9), 26

(fig. 10)

Pscudophilomedidae, 3

Pseudophilomedinae, 2 (tab. 1), 12, 21

rugosa, Sarsiella, 36

Rutidermatidae, 2, 3

Sarsiella, 27, 36

capsula, 2 (tab. 1), 27-33, 28 (fig. 11), 30 (fig. 12), 31 (f.g.

13), 33, 35, 36

(?) capsula, 27

disparalis, 27

levis, 2 (tab. 1), 27

neapolis, 2 (tab. 1), 32 (fig. 14), 33-36, 34 (fig. 15)

rugosa, 36

zostericola, 27

Sarsiellidae, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 27

Sarsiellinae, 2 (tab. 1)

sinister, Euphilomedes, 2 (tab. 1), 17-21, 18 (fig. 6), 20 (fig.

7)

Skogsbergia, 3-4, 9, 11

costai, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 8-12, 10 (fig. 3)

lerneri, 4

mediterranea, 3, 11

megalops, 3

minuta, 3

squamosa, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 4-8, 5 (fig. 1), 7 (fig. 2)

species indeterminate, Cylindroleberis, 2 (tab. 1), 40, 41, 42

(ng. 17)

squamosa, Cypridina, 2 (tab. 1), 4

Skogsbergia, 2 (tab. 1), 3, 4-8, 5 (fig. 1), 7 (fig. 2)

lerneri, Cypridina, 4

(?) squamosa, Cypridina, 4

Synasterope, 43

teres, Asterope, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 36

Cylindroleberis, 1, 2 (tab. 1), 36, 37

Vargula, 4, 9

zostericola, Sarsiella, 27

•ir us .
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