The Costate Species of Colaspis

in the United States

(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

DORIS H. BLAKE

m

wtu.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 181
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBER 181

The Costate Species of Colaspis

in the United States

(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Doris H, Blake

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1974
ABSTRACT

Blake, Doris H. The Costate Species of Colaspis in the United States (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 181, 24

pages; 27 figures, 1974.—Included are 19 species and four subspecies, of which

seven new species and three new subspecies are described. Drawings have been

made of all the species, and most of the drawings were made from the type-species.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5132. SERIES COVER

DESIGN: The coral Montastrca cavernosa (Linnaeus.)

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Blake, Doris Holmes, 1892-

The costate species of Colaspis in the United States (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 181)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 127:181

1. Colaspis. 2. Insects—United States. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 181.

QL1.S54 no. 181 [QL596.C5] 591'.08s [595.7'64] 74-8607

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover)
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Key to Species of Colaspis 3

C. brunnea (Fabricius) 4

C. louisianae, new species 6

C. floridana Schaeffer, new status 6

C. planicostata, new species 7

C. hesperia, new species 8

C. suilla (Fabricius) 8

C. suilla borealis, new subspecies 9

C. recurva, new species 10

C. carolinensis, new species 10

C. keyensis, new species 11

C. crinicornis Schaeffer 11

C. crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies 11

C.lata Schaeffer 12

C. pini Barber 12

C. pini schotti Barber 13

C. flavocostata Schaeffer 13

C. flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies 14

C. costipennis Crotch, new status 14

C. viridiceps Schaeffer 15

C. viriditincta Schaeffer 15

C. melaina, new species 16

C. championi Jacoby 17

Literature Cited 18

Figures 19

in

The Costate Species of Colaspis

in the United States

(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Doris H. Blake

Introduction

In a letter, dated 23 July 1926, from Gilbert

Arrow of the British Museum (Natural History) to

H. S. Barber of the U. S. National Museum, in

answer to an inquiry concerning the type of Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius), Arrow wrote "The type is

probably in the Copenhagen Museum and its identification will make a pleasant little problem for

Mrs. Blake on her next trip to Europe." Now,

nearly 50 years later, I am attempting what H. S.

Barber was never able to clear up satisfactorily,

that is, the identity of Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius)

and Colaspis suilla (Fabricius) and the many other

closely related species of Colaspis in the United

States.

The earliest entomologist in America to tackle

the problem was Crotch (1873), when he dealt with

it by putting under the name of C. brunnea all the

yellow-brown species of Colaspis at that time described in the United States, thereby synonymizing

C. suilla (Fabricius), C. lurida Olivier, and C. flavida Say. Crotch at this time, in a line and a half,

described costipennis as a variety of brunnea, and

he ended this account by writing, "Every lead can

be found between these extremes." Horn (1892),

the next to write of this group, followed Crotch's

short account with an equally short one, repeating

Crotch's synonymy with the exception of C. lurida

Doris H. Blake, Honorary Research Associate, Department of

Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

Olivier and adding one more synonym, C. flavicans

Lefevre, which he stated was "merely a larger

form." He too ended with the sentence, "Between

all these forms there are intermediate specimens

and every attempt to separate them will be found

impossible."

Horn wrote that Lefevre had changed Crotch's

name C. costipennis to Colaspis crotchi, ignoring

the fact that Crotch had described costipennis in

1873, four years earlier than Lefevre had described

his Argentine beetle as C. costipennis. Horn, however, did not dispose of Lefevre's costipennis, which

has stood as that for 95 years, even in the Junk

catalog and Blackwelder's checklist of Coleoptera.

So I am herewith renaming Lefevre's Argentine

species of Colaspis as C. lophodes, the Colaspis with

ridges.

As early as 1906, Charles Schaeffer began to be

interested in the Colaspis group and published an

account of C. championi Jacoby that he declared

to be a "more fully developed and very large form

of the variable brunnea." But in 1919 and again in

1933, Schaeffer described six new species of this

group—C. viriditincta, C. viridiceps, C. crinicornis,

C. lata, C. flavocostata, and C. brunnea floridana—

all valid species, thus breaking the tradition that

all yellow-brown costate species were one species,

the variable C. brunnea. Barber (1937), evidently

inspired by Schaeffer's new species, published a

short paper in which he discussed Schaeffer's flavocostata and described out of it two more new species. But he ended very much as had Crotch and
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Horn before him in writing of C. brunnea, "which

even thus restricted is left as an insoluble complex."

Thus Crotch, Horn, and Barber alike were in

despair of resolving the identities of these old

Fabrician species.

I have been more fortunate because I have been

able to borrow the Fabrician types of C. brunnea

and C. suilla from Copenhagen, as well as some of

Lefevre's types from the Paris Museum. Say's flavida is probably not in existence. Moreover, I have

studied a large series of specimens, many already

dissected by the fine fingers of H. S. Barber, and I

have before me Schaeffer's types.

These yellow brown costate species of Colaspis

have been confused because in all there is essentially

the same pattern of elytral costae usually with double rows of punctures between the costae. This pattern of punctures holds also in species that occur

in Mexico and Central America, some of which are

only faintly costate, such as C. subaenea Jacoby and

C. fastidiosa Lefevre, and even in C. fulvotestacea

Lefevre, which is not costate at all in the male,

the punctures are arranged in the same pattern as

in the costate species. Moreover, in other characters, such as the head and prothorax, the costate

species of Colaspis are very similar. The head is

punctate with the clypeus having coarser punctures,

the prothorax is almost always rather densely punctate, and the margin either angulate or dentate, or

sinuate, rarely rounded. But in size and shape, in

proportions of the prothorax and elytra, as well as

to a certain extent in coloring and size of punctures,

width of costae and variation in punctures, there

are usually good differences, as examples, such species as C. lata and C. suilla. Furthermore, the

aedeagus always shows good differences in the different species.

Colaspis brunnea and C. suilla represent two

groups of the costate species. The species under the

brunnea group are C. floridana Schaeffer, one yet

undescribed from Louisiana, a third undescribed

from Brownsville, and a fourth undescribed from

New Mexico and Arizona. While these five are

closely related, there are definite differences both

externally and in the aedeagus. The species in the

suilla group have been more difficult to understand,

because I have much less material. In brunnea

there are eight more or less equal costae on each

elytron, giving the beetle a very well ribbed appearance; whereas, in the suilla group, there are

only four more prominent costae on each elytron,

the intervening ones, when present, not so conspicuous.

These 4-costate specimens occur from Canada to

Florida and west to Nebraska and Kansas, but I

have seen only one or two specimens from each

locality, never a good series and never many from

nearby localities. Much more material is needed in

this suilla group before I would venture to describe

as species those now represented by only a few

specimens.

Besides these brunnea and suilla groups, there

are species that do not fall in either group, such as

Crotch's C. costipennis, Schaeffer's C. lata, C. crinicornis, and C. flavocostata, and several undescribed

species. Barber's two, C. pini and C. pini schotti,

differ from any of the yellow-brown species in being

much darker in coloring. Two western species with

metallic green head and undersurface may also be

found in Mexico, C. viridiceps and C. viriditincta,

both described by Schaeffer, and also an undescribed species from Arizona that varies from being

dark yellow brown to piceous black.

All of these, both Schaeffer's and the ones that

I am describing, are plainly distinct species with

good characters such as color, proportions, elytral

punctation, width of elytral costae, and, above all,

differences in the aedeagi, coupled with their geographic distribution. While difficult, these yellow

brown costate species are not as impossible to

differentiate as Crotch, Horn, and Barber found

them.

In 1950, Bechyne changed the name of the genus

Colaspis to Maecolaspis. Brown (1961), giving the

reference to Colaspis in Fabricus' Systema Eleutheratorum (1801) with 27 species in it, including

flavicornis, brunnea, and suilla, states that flavicornis was designated as type-species of the genus

by Latreille in 1870, and that Bechyne incorrectly

considered C. testacea Fabricius the type-species

and erected the genus Maecolaspis for the species

listed in the catalogs in Colaspis. He ends by writing that the nomenclature in the Junk catalog is

correct.

The biology of C. brunnea (Fabricius) was first

worked out in 1931 by J. H. Bigger of the Illinois

Natural History Survey. The larvae there live in

the ground for about nine months feeding on the

roots of such plants as clover, grasses, soy beans,

and timothy. They hibernate and the first pupae
NUMBER 181

are found in early June and the adults appear several weeks later. As adults they cause considerable

damage to vegetables, such fruits as plums, peaches,

and pears, and especially to corn. Some related

species in the South are a pest to sugarcane and

peanuts, and one species in the West has been collected in numbers on alfalfa. In Central and South

America several species are destructive pests to

bananas—one at the time of writing is devastating

over 4500 acres of bananas in Panama. In connection with these the biology of C. hypochlora Lefevre has been studied by both Gowdey (1926) and

Salt (1928).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I wish to thank Mile. Nicole

Berti of the Paris Museum and Dr. S. G. Larsson

of the University Zoological Museum of Copenhagen for sending me old types, R. T. Thompson

of the British Museum (Natural History) for sending me Jacoby types, Dr. Gerhard Scherer of the

Frey Museum, near Munich, for sending me

Bechyne types, and Dr. George W. Byers of the

Kansas University Museum, Hugh Leech of the

California Academy of Sciences, Milton Sanderson

of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Edward U.

Balsbaugh of South Dakota State University, and

Dr. P. J. Darlington of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, for sending me material

for study.

Specimens bearing the designation "USNM" (for

the United States National Museum) are in the

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, D.C.

Key to Species of Colaspis

1. Legs black or in pale specimens deep brown with black shadings. Arizona

C. melaina, new species

Legs yellowish or reddish brown 2

2. Head and sometimes prothorox with aeneous green luster 3

Head and prothorax not green 5

3. Yellow brown above with only head aeneous green. New Mexico, Arizona, Mexico

C. viridiceps Schaeffer

Yellow brown above with head and prothorax and sometimes interspaces of elytra more or

less green 4

4. Each elytron with 4 wide, well elevated, pale yellow costae with interspaces more or less

green. Eastern U.S C. costipetmis Crotch

Each elytron with 8 rather flat costae, elytra entirely pale yellow brown. Arizona

C. viriditincta Schaeffer

5. Yellow brown above, each elytron with 8 costae of approximately same width or with first

two costae near suture wider 6

Yellow brown or darker brown above, each elytron with 4 conspicuous costae and usually

4 narrower and often inconspicuous costae between 10

6. Body beneath with aeneous luster. Brownsville, Texas C. planicosta, new species

Body beneath not aeneous, either piceous, dark reddish brown or pale yellow brown 7

7. Antennae pale with last joint and sometimes part of 10th joint dark 8

Antennae pale with 7th and last joint dark, first two elytral costae usually wider 9

8. Body beneath pale and margin of prothorax and of elytra not metallic. Aedeagus strongly

angulate before tip, with broad tip, Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona

C. hespcria, new species

Body beneath often piceous, edges of prothorax and edges of elytra often metallic, aedeagus

well rounded near tip. Eastern U.S C. brutmea (Fabricius)

9. Aedeagus rounded before tip, tip narrow, elytral punctures often dark brown, usually alternating rather than double, many in single rows. Southeastern U.S. . C. floridana Schaeffer

Aedeagus not well rounded but slightly angulate before tip. Baton Rouge, Houma, Louisiana

C. louisianae, new species

10. Entirely pale yellow brown except last antennal joints, without dark or metallic markings;

median tubercle on last abdominal sternite of male strongly recurved. Southeastern U.S

C. recurva, new species

Usually with dark or metallic markings, median tubercle on last abdominal sternite of

male not strongly recurved 11
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

11. Large (7.8-8.5 mm in length), usually with metallic luster on lower surface and punctures

on upper surface often with aeneous green luster. Aedeagus with long narrow tip.

Arizona, Mexico C. championi Jacoby

Smaller (3.5-6.5 mm), aedeagus not with long narrow tip 12

12. Small (3JM.0 mm), head, prothorax, and undersurface dark brown, sometimes with faint

metallic luster, elytra deep yellowish or reddish brown with very narrow costae, aedeagus

narrowed to short tip. Southeastern U.S C. suilla Fabricius

Elytral costae wider and beetles more rotund. Canada C. suilla borealis, new subspecies

Larger (4.2-6.5 mm), aedeagus wider, usually with small nodule at tip but in one species

without it 13

13. Elytra more than 3 times as long as prothorax 14

Elytra 3 times or less as long as prothorax 17

14. Aedeagus without a nodule at apex. Louisiana and Mississippi C. pint Barber

Aedeagus with a nodule at tip 15

15. Interocular space approximately half width of head C. flavocostata Schaeffer

Interocular space more than half width of head 16

16. Aedeagus unusually long, beetles deep reddish brown. New Jersey to Washington, D.C

C. pint xhotti Barber

Aedeagus not unusually long, beetles yellow brown. New Jersey

C. flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies

17. Head, prothorax, and undersurface brown, elytra with 4 conspicuous wide yellow costae on

each, punctate intervals deeper brown. Eastern U.S C. costipennis Crotch

Head and prothorax usually paler, elytral costae not unusually wide or conspicuous 18

18. Unusually large and wide 19

Not unusually large and wide 20

19. Elytra only about a third longer than wide. Middle States C. lata Schaeffer

Elytra longer. Hind tibiae in male dilated at middle. Southern Louisiana

C. crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies

20. Elytra with costae nearly flat. Hind tibiae in male dilated at middle. Brownsville, Texas

C. crinicornis Schaeffer

Elytra with usual elevated costae. Hind tibiae not dilated 21

21. Aedeagus with a moderately long pointed tip. Key West, Texas C. keyensis, new species

Aedeagus with a short nodule at tip. South Carolina, Florida C. carolinensis, new species

Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius)

FIGURES 1, 2

Galleruca brunnea Fabricius, 1798:94.

Colaspis brunnea.—Fabricius, 1801:411 Olivier, 1808:891.

Crotch, 1873:44—Horn, 1892:223.—Barber, 1937:198.

DESCRIPTION.—Length of type specimen 4.5 mm,

elongate oblong oval, shining, yellow brown above

with dark margins, below with prosternum reddish

brown but not as brown as breast, abdomen even

deeper brown, almost piceous, with apex paler,

densely punctate, elytra evenly costate.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, occiput, front, and clypeus densely

punctate, a slight depression on front, labrum pale

with anterior margin widely and shallowly emarginate, jaws dark, head and prothorax slightly deeper

yellow than elytra. Antennae in type specimen

broken with only the four basal joints of one antenna left, pale yellow. Prothorax wider than long

with a tooth at each corner, sides widest below

middle and faintly angulate, surface densely punctate with narrow explanate margin a little deeper

reddish brown. Prosternum punctate, reddish

brown. Scutellum pale yellow brown. Elytra a little

wider than prothorax and about three times as long

with 8 costae of approximately same width on each

elytron and between first and second costae single

rows of punctures, in third interval and the two

following irregularly double rows of punctures becoming single near apex, 9th interval near margin

with single row of punctures. Margin and epipleura deep brown, almost piceous. Body beneath

with prosternum paler than breast, which is dark

brown and abdomen still darker except apex which

is pale. Only one anterior leg left with first tarsal

joint broad, indicating the specimen is a male, one

hind leg, which is entire, rest missing. Length 4.5

mm; width 2.1 mm.
NUMBER 181

TYPE.—Male, in Fabricius' collection, Copenhagen, Denmark.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Habitat in America. Dom

Hybner.

REMARKS.—H. S. Barber has discussed at length

the confusion surrounding the name brunnea as

applied to the New Zealand Chrysomela brunnea

Fabricius, 1792, and the North American Galleruca

brunnea Fabricius, 1798. Barber wound up by writing that, although the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature requires replacement of the

specific homonym brunnea Fabricius, 1798, by a

substitute name, he would not propose one for a

species "whose identity may not be known for a

very long time." Barber did not live long enough

to know that the type of brunnea, 1798, was in

existence as shown by Mrs. Zimsen's book on the

Fabrician types, but he made a true guess as to

which species of the yellow brown costate North

American beetles corresponded with the Fabrician

type, as evidenced by his determinations on labels

in the collection "brunnea auct. H.S.B." I can see

no reason at this late date for proposing another

specific name for Colaspis brunnea. Fabricius first

described it as Galleruca brunnea and in 1801 put

Galleruca brunnea in Colaspis, Fabricius' own

genus. Fabricius always kept the New Zealand species brunnea in Chrysomela. White in 1846 placed

the New Zealand brunnea in Colaspis, but Baly

listed it under his New Caledonia genus Dematochroma in 1881, and it was so designated by Lefevre in his catalog of the Eumolpids in 1885. In

1886, Sharp made a new genus for it, Eucolaspis,

thus disposing of it quite satisfactorily. Perhaps in

the brunnea 1798 case it could be considered as a

secondary homonym to be restored when the 1792

brunnea was removed to another genus. The one

specimen of Galleruca brunnea in the Fabrician

collection is the species that Barber suspected of

being brunnea, and it is probably the most widespread species of Colaspis that occurs in the United

States and the most abundant in collections that I

have examined.

Colaspis brunnea is a good representative of a

group of the yellow brown costate species of

Colaspis that occurs in the United States. All of

these have much the same sort of elytral costation,

and the coloring above is pale yellow brown. Furthermore, the aedeagi differ a little in each, but all

have the same general shape. These rather narrow

pale yellow species have 8 elytral costae of approximately the same width on each elytron, giving a

very ribby appearance to the beetles. In the suilla

group, on the other hand, there are only four principal elytral costae on each elytron that are prominent, although oftentimes there are narrower

costae between these prominent ones. In the type

specimen of brunnea there is a dark margin on the

prothorax and elytra and below, the prosternum is

reddish brown and the abdomen almost piceous.

This dark coloration of margins and undersurface

is found on most of the more northern specimens

from Vermont, Massachusetts, and New York, but

in New Jersey and Pennsylvania many have a pale

undersurface, and in the District of Columbia and

Virginia I have seen relatively few specimens with

a dark undersurface. From Virginia south I have

seen few specimens of brunnea. It is more common

in West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and even

in northern Texas; farther west it occurs in Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. In all

of these the abdomen may or may not be dark. In

all the color of the antennae remains the same,

only the last joint, and rarely the tenth joint, is

dark. It has been repeatedly collected on Meibomia,

Desmodium, and Lespedeza, and also found on

strawberry, Prunus angustifolia, and peach, and

such vegetables as string beans and corn, also feeding on cotton and peanuts.

From Say's (LeConte, 1859:196) description of

Eumolpus flavida it appears most likely that he had

C. brunnea before him. He gives for the locality

"inhabits the U.S.," but he specifies that "the insect

is common in Pennsylvania." The variety he describes as having the interstitial spaces of the elytra

black and body beneath black was obtained on

St. Peter's River (Pennsylvania). He wrote that this

black variety might easily be mistaken for a distinct species. This black one is probably C. suilla.

Unfortunately, however, there is little left of Say's

collection. In the LeConte collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology there is one specimen

labeled "C. flavida Say," but it is doubtful if this is

Say's specimen. It is C. brunnea and the undersurface is not piceous black but a deep reddish brown.

In Horn's synonymy of C. brunnea he lists C.

flavicans Lefevre. I have borrowed the type of this

species, a female, from the Paris Museum. As Lefevre (1885:33) wrote, it is nearly twice as big as
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

C. brunnea and also differs in its proportions, the

elytra being four times a long as the prothorax.

Both head and prothorax are unusual in having

few punctures compared with most of the yellow

brown species, and on the elytra the punctures are

unusually fine, near the tip becoming single. Moreover, in coloring except for the dark apical joints

of the antennae, the beetle is entirely pale yellow

brown, fully living up to Lefevre's name flavicans.

The only reason I can see why Horn included this

under brunnea is that this type has the locality

label "America borealis." I have not seen any other

specimen like it from North America and have seen

only one other specimen, which bears the locality

label "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." This one appears

to be the same species, having the same smooth

head and flat, sparsely punctate pronotum. The

elytra also agree in punctation and in having

smooth apex.

Schaeffer synonymized Colaspis championi Jacoby

with brunnea, but that species too is much larger

and, aside from being yellow brown and costate,

bears little resemblance to the tiny brunnea. The

aedeagus is very different, showing that it does not

even belong in the brunnea group.

Colaspis louisianae, new species

FIGURE 3

DESCRIPTION.—From 4.0 to 5.0 mm in length,

oblong oval, entirely yellow brown except jaws and

7th and 3 apical antennal joints, which are dark;

elytral costae much as in brunnea except the two

nearest suture wider than rest.

Head with interocular space more than half width

of head, finely punctate over upper half with clypeus well defined and with scattered punctures,

labrum with small emargination, jaws alone dark.

Prothorax convex, densely punctate, sides faintly

angulate below middle, a tooth at each corner.

Scutellum pale. Elytra with 8 costae on each, first

two next to suture tending to be wider and flatter

and first two intervals more or less singly punctate.

Body beneath entirely pale. Length 4.0-5.0 mm;

width 2.5-3.0 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and 28 paratypes, USNM Type no.

26904.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Paincourtville, Louisiana, 19

June 1929, W. L. Haley, on soybeans.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Louisiana: Baton

Rouge, on fuchsia, rose, corn; Plaquemine, on turnip; Crowley, on cotton; Jeanerette, on soybeans;

Lafayette, on cotton; Opelousa; Gueydan; St.

Charles Parish, on corn; Houma, on soybeans; Poydras, on string beans.

REMARKS.—This species is close to C. brunnea,

but the coloring is consistently paler, the undersurface is never dark, the antennae have joints 7, 9,

10, and 11 dark. The first two elytral costae tend

to be wider than in brunnea. The aedeagus is distinctly angulate before the apex, and the beetles

average a little larger than the typical brunnea

specimens. It has been collected only from a small

area about Baton Rouge and Houma, Louisiana.

Colaspis floridana Schaeffer, new status

FIGURE 5

Colaspis brunnea var. floridana Schaeffer, 1933:471.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.0 and 5.5 mm in length,

oblong oval, yellow brown, sometimes pale reddish

brown, usually with deeper brown elytral punctures, dark epipleura and dark apical joints of the

antennae, first two elytral costae wider than rest

with single lines of punctures between, sixth and

seventh lines single in basal part and eighth single.

Head with interocular space more than half its

width, usually densely punctate throughout with

clypeus clearly outlined, labrum emarginate anteriorly, jaws large and dark brown. Antennae varying considerably in color, some with apical joints

from 7 to 11 dark, others with only joints 7, 10,

and 11 dark, infrequently only last joint dark.

Prothorax with sides somewhat undulate, not very

clearly angulate below middle, moderately convex

and densely, not coarsely punctate. Scutellum pale.

Elytra a little wider than prothorax, yellowish or

reddish brown with deeper brown suture and usually dark epipleura, rows of punctures usually darker brown, often alternating rather than being

geminate, and generally uneven in rows 1 and 2

singly punctate, rows 6 and 7 single in basal part

and row 8 entirely single. The two costae nearest

suture much wider than rest. Body beneath and

legs pale. Length 4.0-5.5 mm; width 2.2-2.5 mm.
NUMBER 181

Type and five paratypes in National Museum

of Natural History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Ft. Myers, Florida, August,

M. D. Leonard. Paratypes from Gainesville, Florida,

1927, J. S. Rogers.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—North Carolina:

Southern Pines; near Wilmington, on soybeans;

Richmond County. South Carolina: Charleston, on

roses, dahlias, hibiscus, geranium, cabbage; Clemson College; Johns Island, on peanuts; Florence, on

cotton; Saluda County. Georgia: Seminole County,

on beans and peas; Waycross, on rose; Thomasville;

Head River; Richland; Stewart County; Savannah,

on tomato, watermelon, okra, peanuts; Lake Park;

Tifton, on cotton; Albany, on peanuts. Florida:

Miami, on beans; Homestead, on avocado; Green

Cove Springs; Lakeland; Tampa, on Clathidium

versicarium; Hillsboro Beach, on Mirabila jalaba;

Cedar Key, on peanuts; Daytona Beach; LaCrosse;

Rock Bluff; Live Oak; Altha; Madison; Vernon;

Tallahassee; Quincy; Hilliard; Sanford; Yankeetown; Fruitville; Hudson.

REMARKS.—Although differing in general appearance from C. brunnea, this species belongs to the

brunnea group and has a very similar aedeagus. It

largely takes the place of brunnea in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, although we do have

a few specimens of brunnea from those states, and

a few specimens of floridana in North Carolina.

Schaeffer described floridana as a variety of brunnea, but it is quite distinct, even the aedeagus is

slightly different in being less rounded and more

angulate. The real difference is in the costation of

the elytra, which in floridana have the first two

costae wider and separated by only a single row of

punctures. This tendency to single rows is found

also in the sixth and seventh rows in the basal part

and there is only a single row in the eighth. The

last antennal joints also are dark, often the last five

joints are dark. In the Florida specimens the elytral

punctures are darker than the costae, producing a

striped effect that is noticeable. In Cuba there is a

species I have named C. amplicosta that above is

like floridana in having wide costae near the suture and single rows of punctures, but below it is

dark metallic green with green edges to the pronotum and elytra. It belongs to the brunnea group

having a similar sort of aedeagus.

Colaspis planicostata, new species

FIGURE 4

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.7 and 6.2 mm in length,

oblong oval, yellow brown above, usually with dark

margins and dark undersurface having a metallic

green luster, antennae pale with 7th and three

apical joints usually dark, elytral costae in most

specimens flat or only slightly raised except on

sides and at apex, first two near suture widest.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, clypeus clearly marked, labrum with anterior edge

shallowly emarginate, jaws dark, in some specimens

head behind eyes deeper brown. Antennae pale

with outer joints more or less dark. Prothorax moderately convex, densely punctate, sides rounded

with little sign of angularity at middle, a tooth at

each corner, margins often dark but seldom metallic. Scutellum pale. Elytra somewhat wider than

prothorax with 8 rows of punctures, the first and

last single, between these 8 rows bare intervals

which are usually costate only at apex and on sides,

first two near suture widest. Margin and epipleura

dark, sometimes metallic. Body beneath with middle of prosternum, breast, and abdomen usually

with metallic green luster, legs pale. Length 4.7-

6.2 mm; width 2.3-3.2 mm.

TYPE.—Male, USNM Type No. 26905, and 12

paratypes.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Brownsville, Texas, 10 June

1939, Thayer, collector.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Texas: San Benito, on green beans; McAllen, on grape leaves, okra,

beans; Alamo, on alfalfa; Mission, on bean foliage;

Pharr, on okra leaves; Brownsville, on Palm fronds,

green beans, bell-pepper leaves; Esperanza Ranch;

Edinburg.

REMARKS.—The only specimens of this species so

far seen have come from the area in and about

Brownsville, Texas. The usually flat elytral costae

show elevated costae only at sides and apex and is

its most marked character. The coloring of the

undersurface differentiates it from C. brunnea and

C. louisianae and other U.S. species of the brunnea

group. In this green metallic luster of the undersurface it is like several Mexican species such as

C. freyi Bechyne from Jalapa, Mexico, and still

another species from farther south in Mexico, both
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

of which belong in the brunnea group and have

even darker green undersurface. Both of these Mexican species have prominently costate elytra and

somewhat differently shaped tips to the aedeagus.

There is a species in Cuba (C. amplicosta Blake)

with the undersurface all dark green, but that too

is distinctly costate and the elytra resemble C. floridana in having wide costae near the suture. The

aedeagus is different.

Colaspis hesperia, new species

FIGURE 6

DESCRIPTION.—From 4.5-6.2 mm in length, elongate oblong oval, pale yellow brown with abdomen

or sides of abdomen often deeper brown. Antennae

with terminal joint only dark, elytra with 8 regularly spaced costae on each.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, clypeus

somewhat triangular with anterior margin widely

and faintly emarginate. Prothorax feebly angulate

or undulate on sides, moderately convex, often

rugously and densely punctate. Scutellum pale.

Elytra about three times as long as prothorax with

prominent costae, the two nearest suture being

wider, first and last intervals with single punctures.

Body beneath pale with abdomen or sides of abdomen sometimes deeper brown. Length 4.5-6.2 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and 19 paratypes, USNM Type

No. 26906.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Pina County, Arizona, 26 July

1934, T. P. Cassidy, on cotton.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Texas: Ysleta,

on cotton and lima beans; El Paso, on cotton and

alfalfa; Presidio, on cotton. New Mexico: Mesilla

Park, on grape foliage; Hatch; Dona Ana County,

on cotton; Torrance County; Bernalillo County;

Las Cruces; Las Vegas; Artesia. Arizona: Tucson;

Midvale Farm, on cotton; Higley; Nogales; Gila

Bend; Mt. Superstition; Phoenix, on alfalfa and

cotton; Tempe; Ruby; Santa Rita Mts.; Sunnyside.

Canyon; Huachuca Mts.; Santa Cruz County; Tumacacori Mts.; Pajarito Mts.; Sycamore Canyon.

REMARKS.—This close relative of C. brunnea

ranges from western Texas through New Mexico

to Arizona, and differs from brunnea in being generally a little larger with longer elytra and more

coarsely punctate pronotum. It is yellow brown

without dark margins or all dark undersurface,

only the sides of the abdomen are frequently darker. The antennae as in brunnea are pale with only

the last joint dark. The aedeagus is with a very

wide tip and angulate, not rounded, before the tip,

as in brunnea.

Colaspis suilla (Fabricius)

FIGURES 7-9

Galleruca suilla Fabricius, 1801:417.

Colaspis suilla.—Olivier, 1808:492.—Horn, .1892:223.

Fabricus' description of Galleruca suilla is as

follows: ". . . nigro-aenea, obscura, elytris pedibusque cinereis. Habitat in Carolina, M. D. Bosc.

Statura omnino C. brunnea at caput, thorax, et

corpus nigra, aeneo obscure nitida." In Horn's revision of the boreal North American species of

Colaspis, he has listed suilla as "variety" of brunnea

along with C. flavida Say, flavicans Lefevre and

costipennis Crotch. Horn described suilla briefly as

having a brown thorax with some metallic coloration. And there the matter has stood for the past

80 years.

In 1950, I examined the Bosc collection in Paris

and found two specimens labeled "G. suilla Bosch,

in Caroline." At that time I wrote in my notes,

"This is not Colaspis but may be a species of

Metachroma," of which then I did not have the

intimate knowledge to name as to species. Later,

when I came to work on the genus Colaspis, I

noted that Olivier in describing suilla wrote that

the elytra were with "elevated lines" (costae) and

with rows of punctures between, which description

did not apply to the two specimens labeled "suilla"

in the Bosc collection. Following this description

Olivier described as Colaspis lurida the species I

had seen labeled "suilla" in the Bosc collection.

Olivier's illustration of lurida clearly shows the

single striate punctate elytra of a species of Metachroma. Unfortunately, however, Olivier's illustration of suilla, next to that of lurida, does not show

clearly either the elevated lines or the two rows of

punctures that Olivier described, and even the

coloration is not like that of any species of Colaspis

that I know. This illustration has undoubtedly

been a deterrent to entomologists in recognizing

suilla.

Mrs. Zimsen in her book on the Fabrician types
NUMBER 181

lists one specimen of suilla in the Fabricius collection, and on my writing to Copenhagen about the

specimen, it was sent to me for study. It is not the

same as the specimens in the Bosc collection labeled "snilta," but a species of Colaspis that corresponds with the brief Fabrician description. The

existence of this specimen in the Fabrician collection coupled with Olivier's clear description of it

are sufficient for me to decide that this one and

not the two in the Bosc collection should be regarded as the type of suilla. Possibly the two labeled

so in the Bosc collection are the result of some later

transference of the label from a lost or disintegrating specimen of Colaspis.

This specimen from Denmark represents a species with dark brown, sometimes piceous, head and

prothorax and somewhat paler reddish brown

elytra, the elytra having dense punctation with

four narrow paler reddish brown costae on each

elytron. Probably this is the one that Say described

as a variety of Eumopus flavidus having "interstitial

spaces of the elytra black, beneath except feet

black." The beetles are considerably smaller, more

rotund and less elongate than in the group comprising C. flavocostata Schaeffer, C. pini and C. pini

schotti Barber, although in coloring they are similar. Colaspis costipennis Crotch differs from all of

them by having usually a distinctly green prothorax and head also with greenish luster and frequently the elytral punctures have an aeneous

luster. The wide, pale, polished, pale yellow costae

of costipennis are nearly as wide as the punctate

intervals and wider than in any other species from

the United States. Sometimes costipennis specimens

lack the aeneous coloring, being deep reddish

brown instead, but the wide elytral costae are always there to distinguish this species. This specimen from Denmark that I have chosen as lectotype of

suilla is the smallest specimen of the species that

I have seen. It is a male measuring approximately

3.5 mm in length. I have seen only two other specimens that correspond very closely with the type,

one from Southern Pines, North Carolina, and the

other from Mt. Vernon, Alabama, both also males,

but somewhat larger. I have dissected both of these

and their aedeagi are not at all like that of C.

brunnea, being narrower and not bent before the

apex, and the apex is much narrower. Following is

my detailed description of the type specimen.

DESCRIPTION:—Approximately 3.5 mm in length,

oblong oval, moderately shiny, densely punctate,

with dark brown head and prothorax, beneath dark

brown, prosternum with very faint metallic blue

luster, abdomen reddish brown with tip paler,

elytra deep yellow brown, legs yellow brown, antennae on type specimen broken with only eight

joints of one antenna left, which is pale yellow

brown with 7th and 8th joints dark.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, finely punctate above, clypeus also

finely punctate and not very distinctly outlined,

labrum yellow brown, faintly emarginate anteriorly.

Prothorax with sinuous or slightly angulate sides,

widest below middle, a tooth at each corner, moderately convex, shining dark brown, very densely

and rather finely punctate. Scutellum brown. Elytra three times as long as prothorax and a little

wider, yellow brown, very densely punctate between

the four very narrow elevated lines on each elytron

that are scarcely costate and without median lines

between the double rows of punctures in the intervals. In interval near suture punctures becoming

single in apical part, in second interval single only

near apex, in third interval double almost to apex,

and in 4th interval mostly a single row next to

margin. Length 3.5-1.8 mm.

LECTOTYPE.—Male, in Fabricius' collection at

Copenhagen, Denmark.

Colaspis suilla borealis, new subspecies

FIGURE 11

There are other specimens with wider elytral

costae that are like the type in coloration, and

these specimens are somewhat larger and more

rotund. While not as large as C lata Schaeffer these

specimens are very similar in shape and coloring.

I believe that these beetles may be a northern subspecies of suilla. The aedeagus is very much like

that of the ones from the South but a little wider.

I have chosen a series from Toronto, Canada, to

be the type series of this more northern race, which

I am calling C. suilla borealis, new subspecies.

TYPE.—Male, and two paratypes, USNM Type

No. 269 T3, three paratypes in South Dakota State

University, and two paratypes in California Academy of Sciences.
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Colaspis recurva, new species

FIGURE 22

DESCRIPTION.—From 4.4 to 5.1 mm in length,

oblong oval, entirely yellow brown except the last

two or three antennal joints, which are usually

dark, body beneath without any piceous or metallic

coloring; last abdominal sternite of the male with

a median tubercle strongly rounded and bent forward over posterior margin of sternite.

Head with interocular space a little more than

half width of head, front and clypeus densely punctate, labrum with anterior edge with small emargination. Antennae pale with the last two or three

joints dark. Prothorax with rounded sides, seldom

angulate, a small tooth at each corner, surface

usually very densely punctate, sometimes deeper

yellow brown than elytra or pale with deeper irregular areas. Scutellum pale. Elytra with 4 costae on

each elytron, between which are flattened ones as

in specimens of C. crinicornis Schaeffer from

Brownsville; 1st, 2nd, and 8th rows of punctures

single and at least half of second row single. Body

beneath with an unusual development of the median tubercle on last sternite of the male. This

tubercle is strongly sclerotized, rounded and bent

forward over the posterior margin of sternite six.

Length 4.4-5.1 mm; width 2.3-2.8 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and 34 paratypes, USNM Type No.

26907.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Gainesville, Florida, on azalea

and camellia, May, June 1949, A. N. Tissot.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—North Carolina:

Southern Pines. South Carolina: Charleston. Georgia: Savannah, on rose; Peach County, on Primus

mexicana; Brunswick. Mississippi: Meridian.

REMARKS.—Barber, in a short penciled description of this beetle among his papers, wrote that it

was similar in shape and sculpture to the type of

C. crinicornis Schaeffer but differed in the unusual

development of the tubercle on the abdomen in

the male that was recurved, and he gave it the

tentative specific name "recurvus" because of this

tubercle. The beetles are like C. crinicornis in another respect—the elytra of many specimens appear

nearly smooth except on the sides and at the apex

where remains of costae are present. This is not

always so, however; some specimens show the four

prominent costae on each elytron as in the suilla

group. It is unlike suilla in that the beetles are

entirely pale yellow brown without any deeper

brown or metallic markings. The aedeagus also is

unlike any in the suilla group, being broad with a

wide tip, and it is not like the aedeagi in the

brunnea group, not being bent before the tip. The

beetles have been collected in North and South

Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi.

Colaspis carolinensis, new species

FIGURE 20

DESCRIPTION.—From 4.2-5.0 mm in length, oblong oval, pale yellow brown above with dark

margin on elytra and dark sutural margin, dark

margin about scutellum, breast and abdomen varying from being reddish brown to piceous, apical

three antennal joints dark, four wide costae on

each elytron, the two nearest suture widest.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, labrum even paler yellow with anterior margin

having small emargination, jaws alone dark. Antennae long, three or four apical joints dark. Prothorax approximately twice as wide as long with

sides somewhat undulate, densely punctate and

often with dark margin. Scutellum dark around

the edges. Elytra three times as long as prothorax

with lateral and often sutural margins dark, lateral

margin and epipleura often with metallic luster.

Four costae on each elytron wider than intervening

ones, the two nearest suture usually widest, first

two intervals with single punctures most of their

length. Body beneath varying from deep reddish

brown to piceous. Length 4.2-5.0 mm; width 2.0-

2.7 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and seven paratypes, USNM Type

No. 26909.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—18 miles north of Charleston,

South Carolina, 7 June 1933, E. A. Chapin.

OTHER LOCALITIES.—South Carolina: Manning.

Florida: Suwanee Springs; Sebastian.

REMARKS.—This is another of the small yellowbrown species of the suilla group with four more

prominent costae on each elytron. It is smaller than

C. recurva, and has dark, often metallic, trimmings

on the lateral elytral margin, and sometimes also

on the prothorax and suture. Unlike most of the

group, the aedeagus is rounded at the apex with a
NUMBER 181 11

tiny nodule in the middle. In some specimens,

notably the females, the elytral costae are somewhat flattened.

Colaspis keyensis, new species

FIGURE 21

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.2-4.5 mm in length,

oblong oval, yellow brown with head and prothorax somewhat deeper yellow brown, edges of

prothorax, elytra, and suture tending to be deeper

brown as well as body beneath, which sometimes

is nearly piceous, elytra with 4 prominent costae.

Head with interocular space a little wider than

half width of head, densely and finely punctate

throughout, labrum pale, very shallowly emarginate, jaws dark. Antennae with apical two or three

joints tending to be darker. Prothorax not quite

twice as broad as long with sides rounded, sometimes faintly angulate, not very convex, surface

very densely punctate with lateral edges deeper

brown. Scutellum deeper brown than elytra. Elytra

nearly three times as long as prothorax and a little

wider, with 4 more prominent costae on each

elytron, the first two rows of punctures tending to

be single, also 8th row single, punctures large in

most specimens with very narrow costae between

the wider ones. Body beneath deeper brown, almost

piceous, first hind tarsal joint shorter than usual.

Length 4.2-4.5 mm; width 2.2-2.3 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and three paratypes (2 males, 1

female), USNM Type No. 26908.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Key West, Florida.

OTHER LOCALITIES.—"Tex."

REMARKS.—This is another of the suilla group

with four more prominent costae on each elytron

and much like C. rnrolinensis, having almost the

same coloring except a deeper brown prothorax.

The aedeagus, however, has a longer point at the

tip. There is one specimen labeled simply "Tex."

which has a similar aedeagus.

Colaspis crinicornis Schaeffer

FIGURES 17, 18

Colaspis crinicornis Schaeffer, 1933:469.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.5 and 6.0 mm in length,

oblong oval, pale yellow brown to deeper reddish

brown with the 2 apical joints of antennae dark

and undersurface deeper brown; prothorax broad

with curving, sometimes undulate, rarely subangulate sides, and densely punctate surface; elytra with

wide and usually flattened costae, margins sometimes faintly metallic.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, a

slight depression in middle of front; anterior margin of labrum widely emarginate, jaws deep brown.

Antennae pale witlj terminal and often part of

10th joint dark. Prothorax almost twice as wide as

long and moderately convex with curving sides,

sometimes undulate but rarely subangulate; surface

shining, densely punctate. Scutellum pale. Elytra

not much wider than prothorax and about three

times as long; usually pale yellowish brown with

margin dark, sometimes faintly metallic, costae in

most specimens nearly flat except on sides and at

apex, first two wider than rest with single rows of

punctures between, 3rd row with alternating punctures becoming single toward apex. Body beneath

deeper brown than above, sometimes with a slight

metallic luster on metasternum. Hind tibiae dilated

beneath at middle, more pronounced in male.

Length 4.5-6.0 mm; width 2.3-3.0 mm.

TYPE.—Male, in National Museum of Natural

History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Brownsville, Texas, O. Dietz.

REMARKS.—Except for one specimen labeled

"Mexico on mesquite leaves" all the specimens in

the NMNH collection are from Brownsville, Texas,

collected by various people, one by H. S. Barber.

One large female, about 6 mm long, is deep reddish brown and the first four rows of elytral punctures on one elytron are single, but on the other

elytron rows three and four have mostly alternate

punctures. The lack of elevated costae is similar

to that found in C. recunm, but C. crinicornis is a

larger beetle with a very different aedeagus.

Colaspis crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies

FIGURE 19

DESCRIPTION.—In southeastern Louisiana, about

Baton Rouge and Houma, occurs what appears to

be a subspecies of this Brownsville beetle. It is of

still larger size and the elytra are mainly with elevated costae. Some from Lockport, however, have
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

costae as flat as those from Brownsville. A series

of 26 specimens from Houma collected on corn

are larger than any other costate species of Colaspis

that occurs in the United States except C. championi Jacoby. These measure from 5.7 to 6.8 mm in

length. They are also broader than any except C.

lata Schaeffer. In fact, H. S. Barber has written

"near lata" on one, but the elytra are longer in

proportion to the prothorax than in lata. These

Houma specimens came from Dr. F. H. Chittenden's collection and he had put a red type label

with a USNM type number on one specimen, showing that he had recognized it as new. He did not

live to describe or even give it a name, so I am

naming it as a subspecies of C. crinicornis, which

it appears to resemble in most ways except in having elevated costae and being larger; it has a similar aedeagus. And I am naming it after the man

for whom I first worked in the Bureau of Entomology, who was a good friend to me in those

early days.

TYPE.—Male, and 25 paratypes USNM Type No.

26915.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Houma, Louisiana, on corn,

13 June 1925, N. J. Rodriguez.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Louisiana: Lockport, on sugarcane; St. Charles, on corn; Taft, on

sugarcane; Lucy; Wells Point.

Colaspis lata Schaeffer

FIGURE 16

Colaspis lata Schaeffer, 1933:469.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 5.0 and 6.5 mm in length,

broadly oblong oval, yellowish or reddish brown

with head and prothorax often darker, elytra with

4 prominent paler costae on each, punctures being

deeper reddish brown, usually undersurface dark

with metallic green luster, margins of elytra also

metallic, sometimes elytral punctures faintly

aeneous; apical two or three antennal joints dark.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, front and upper part of clypeus

densely and coarsely punctate, a median depression

often in middle of front, labrum pale with emargination anteriorly, jaws dark. Antennae with apical

joints dark, sometimes 7th joint dark too. Prothorax twice as broad as long with sides rounded,

scarcely at all angulate, a small tooth at each corner, surface densely punctate. Scutellum brown.

Elytra a little wider than prothorax, about a third

longer than wide, with 4 pale costae on each elytron, intervals geminate punctate, often with little

trace of lesser costae in basal half, deeper brown

than costae; punctures in single row in first interval

near suture, and in row next to margin mostly

single; margin and epipleura usually with dark

blue or aeneous luster, elytral punctures often

faintly metallic. Body beneath with middle of

prostemum, breast and abdomen usually dark,

often with metallic luster. Legs pale. Length 5.0-

6.5 mm; width 2.3-2.5 mm.

Two cotypes in National Museum of Natural

History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Harrison, Nebraska.

OTHER LOCALITIES—Nebraska: Meadow. S. Dakota: Platte; Warner; Ft. Thompson; Vermillion;

Chamberlain; Springfield. New Mexico. Colorado.

Canada: Toronto. Kansas: Manhattan; West Kansas; Ellsworth; Gove County; Douglas County;

Clark County; Madison. Iowa: Iowa City; Council

Bluffs. Wisconsin. Utah. Texas: Dallas. Georgia.

Louisiana: Covington.

REMARKS.—This is the broadest of the yellowbrown costate species in the United States. C. crinicornis chittendeni, new subspecies, alone approaches

it in width, but in that species the elytra are

longer and the beetle more of the usual proportions. In C. lata the elytra are short and wide. In

fact, the beetle appears like a much enlarged female

specimen of C. suilla in general shape and coloring.

Except for a specimen from Toronto, Canada, and

another labeled "Ga." all the rest have come from

the Midwest from Texas and Louisiana to Utah,

Colorado, and New Mexico. I doubt if the "Ga."

label is correct.

Colaspis pint Barber

FIGURE 15

Colaspis pini Barber, 1937:201.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.5 and 5.7 mm in length,

elongate oblong oval, not very shiny, yellowish or

rusty reddish brown, sometimes with entirely yellowbrown antennae, but often with apical joints dark;

prothorax densely punctate, elytra with somewhat
NUMBER 181 13

paler costae than intervals with punctures, punctures sometimes with a taint purplish or aeneous

luster, margins dark, often with metallic luster.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, a median line down front, densely

punctate throughout, clypeus distinctly outlined,

labrum with small anterior emargination, jaws

deep brown or piceous. Antennae varying from

being entirely pale to having 5 apical joints dark.

Prothorax wider than long and with rounded, somewhat undulate sides, moderately convex, very

densely punctate usually with dark metallic margin. Scutellum brown. Elytra more than three times

as long as prothorax and somewhat wider, each

with 8 costae, the intervening ones being very narrow, punctate intervals mostly with double rows of

punctures that often have a greenish or purplish

luster. Epipleura metallic green or purple. Body

beneath and legs yellow brown, prosterrtum often

with aeneous luster. Length 4.5-5.7 mm; width

2.3-2.7 mm.

TYPE.—In National Museum of Natural History,

with 171 para types.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Elizabeth, Louisiana, feeding

on longleaf pine, 7 July 1924, R. M. Hallowell.

Localities of paratypes from various southern areas.

H. S. Barber, contrary to my practice, did not restrict his paratypes to the locality of the type.

OTHER LOCALITIES.—Louisiana: Ponchatoula;

Covington; Woodworth; Slidell. Mississippi: Ocean

Springs; Kiln; 5 m east of Longtown. Arkansas:

Hope.

REMARKS.—The rusty reddish brown overall coloration of these beetles coupled with their elongate

elytra are the distinguishing marks of this species.

Beyond that, the aedeagus is unusually long for the

costate United States species and at the apex is not

bent and is without the usual sharp tip. While the

beetles resemble C. flavocostata Schaeffer in shape

and often in color, the aedeagus is altogether

different.

Colaspis pini schotti Barber

FIGURE 14

Colaspis pini schotti Barber, 1937:201.

TYPE.—And allotype in National Museum of

Natural History (paratype of C. flavocostata

Schaeffer).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Greenwood Lake, New Jersey,

29 July 1930, F. M. Schott.

REMARKS.—As Barber has stated, both C. pint

and C. pini schotti are very similar to C. flavocostata except the coloring is darker rusty brown. It

might be added too that in these the prothorax

appears wider and the eyes farther apart than in

flavocostata. C. pini schotti from New Jersey differs from C. pini chiefly in the shape of the aedeagus, which is shorter and the tip has a distinct

nodule that is lacking in pini. Barber (1937)

stated that he was unable to differentiate the specimens "geographically intermediate," as those from

Maryland to South Carolina were all females. Later

he collected 11 specimens from 8 miles northeast

of Washington, D.C., of which several were males,

and he was able to identify them as the subspecies

schotti. In these specimens the coloring is less rusty

and more golden brown.

Colaspis flavocostata Schaeffer

FIGURE 12

Colaspis flavocostata Schaeffer, 1933:470.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.6 and 5.4 mm in length,

elongate oblong oval, head and prothorax an

aeneous dark yellow brown, elytra with 4 pale yellow costae on each, intervals being dark yellow

brown with aeneous luster, punctures frequently

green, antennae with apical joints dark, body beneath dark brown with aeneous luster.

Head with interocular space scarcely more than

half width of head, densely punctate throughout,

often with shallow frontal depression, clypeus well

marked, labrum with a shallow emargination anteriorly, usually head deep yellow brown with an

aeneous luster, labrum pale yellow brown, jaws

deep brown to piceous. Antennae unusually long

and slender with outer joints dark. Prothorax wider

than long, usually rounded at sides, sometimes subangulate, not very convex, densely punctate, deep

yellow brown usually with aeneous luster, margins

both lateral and basal greenish. Scutellum dark

brown. Elytra wider than prothorax and more than

three times as long, with 4 pale costae on each,

intervals being darker brown with double rows of

punctures, each pair separated by a more or less

distinct lesser costa not as pale or wide as the four

more conspicuous costae, punctures often aeneous
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

green. Body beneath usually dark with an aeneous

luster, legs pale. Length 4.6-5.4 mm; width 2.3-

2.5 mm.

TYPE.—Type and allotype in National Museum

of Natural History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Chipola Lake, Florida.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Florida: Crescent

City; Pensacola, on blueberry. Georgia: Milner.

South Carolina: Francis Marion National Forest.

Mississippi: Gulfport; De Soto Forest. Louisiana:

Covington.

REMARKS.—This species has a coloration somewhat similar to C. costipennis Crotch but is a more

elongate beetle with longer elytra and not so conspicuous elytral pale costae. In his original description of C. flavocostata, Schaeffer named the typelocality as Chipola Lake, Florida, and in a footnote stated that he had seen some specimens taken

at Greenwood Lake, New Jersey, "which agree in

every respect with the Florida specimens." He

named these as paratypes. Barber at first believed

these New Jersey specimens were conspecific with a

Louisiana beetle that he had described as Colaspis

pint, but upon dissection he found that the aedeagus of the New Jersey specimens was different from

that of either flavocostata or his Louisiana species,

C. pini, and Barber described it as C. pini schotti.

These three, C. flavocostata, C. pini, and C. pini

schotti, are all so similar in appearance that Barber

wrote that they were "externally almost identical."

They are to be distinguished only by the aedeagus.

In consequence, there are very few specimens identified as flavocostata in the National Museum of

Natural History collection, and these are necessarily

males that have been dissected to be certain they

are that species. There are numerous females that

may be flavocostata from Florida, Louisiana, North

Carolina, and even Virginia, but these are all without metallic luster.

Colaspis flavocostata avaloni, new subspecies

FIGURE 13

DESCRIPTION.—A series of six specimens collected

at Avalon, New Jersey, and six others from various

localities in New Jersey are very close to flavocostata with a similar aedeagus, but there are minor

differences—the eyes are farther apart, the length

of the first hind tarsal joint is shorter, the costae

flatter in most specimens, and the elytral punctures

coarser, the coloring without metallic luster except

on the epipleura, the head and prothorax are deeper yellow brown than the elytra but not at all

aeneous, and neither does the dark brown undersurface have any metallic luster. I believe they can

be regarded as a new subspecies of flavocostata and

am naming them C. flavocostata avaloni.

TYPE.—Male, and five paratypes, USNM Type

No. 26914.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Avalon, New Jersey, George M.

Greene collector.

OTHER LOCALITIES.—New Jersey: Lock port; Stone

Harbour; Atlantic City; Helmbach; Anglesea; all

collected by George M. Greene.

Colaspis costipennis Crotch, new status

FIGURE 23

Colaspis brunnea var. costipennis Crotch, 1873:44 Horn,

1892:223.

Colaspis crotchi Lefevre, 1877:142.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.5 and 5.5 mm in length,

oblong oval, head and prothorax aeneous green or

a very dark piceous with faint aeneous luster, body

beneath brown with aeneous luster. Antennae with

five apical joints dark, elytra with punctate intervals brown, often punctures faintly aeneous, 4 wide,

pale yellow costae on each elytron.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, clypeus not clearly divided from

front, and all densely punctate, shining green with

labrum pale yellow brown and jaws dark brown.

Antennae with last apical joints dark, sometimes 7th

to 11th joints dark. Prothorax with rounded sides,

rarely a little angulate, not very convex, shining

aeneous green or reddish brown with aeneous luster, densely and often coarsely punctate. Scutellum

dark brown. Elytra with 4 wide, pale yellow costae

on each, intervals brown, varying from pale reddish

brown to deep brown with punctures often aeneous;

epipleura dark metallic. Body beneath with aeneous

luster, legs pale. Length 4.5-5.5 mm; width 2.2-

2.5 mm.

TYPE.—In Museum of Comparative Zoology,

Harvard College. Three specimens in the LeConte

collection with type label no. 28447 on one.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Type with a pink disc indicating Middle States (New York, Pennsylvania).
NUMBER 181 15

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Massachusetts:

Ipswich; Bailey's Bog; Wareham. New York:

Cutchogne, L.I. New Jersey: Clemen ton; Brown's

Mill; Lakehurst; DaCosta; Atsion; Malaga; White's

Bog, on blueberry. Washington, D.C.: 9 miles

northeast. Virginia. North Carolina: Muncy, on

grape; Wilmington, on azalea. South Carolina: Pontiac, on grape. Georgia: Atlanta; Albany, on wild

aster; Macon; Chester. Florida: Enterprise; Jacksonville; Tampa; Haulover; Orlando. Alabama:

Jackson; Mobile. Mississippi: Wiggins, on grape.

Louisiana: Perdicto Beach, on pecan.

REMARKS.—Lefevre and later writers recognized

that Crotch's C. costipennis is more than a variety

of C. brunnea, but that it is a very distinct species,

not like any other in the United States. It is the

only eastern species of Colaspis with usually a distinctly greenish head, prothorax, and undersurface,

and is easily recognized by the four broad, pale

yellow costae on each elytron. Some of the Florida

specimens are paler and the head and prothorax

as well as undersurface lack the green luster, being

only reddish brown, but even in these the four

wide, pale elytral costae remain its distinctive

feature.

As stated in my introduction, Lefevre described

a species of Colaspis from Argentina, naming it

C. costipennis, and renamed Crotch's species, published four years earlier, as C. crotchi. I am correcting this nearly a hundred years later.

Colaspis viridiceps Schaeffer

FIGURE 24

Colaspis viridiceps Schaeffer, 1933:468.

DESCRIPTION.—From 4.4 to 5.5 mm in length,

elongate oblong oval, pale yellow brown, with

head usually with aeneous luster, margins of prothorax and elytra and undersurface also aeneous,

femora dark at apex, costae on elytra rather flat.

Head with interocular space a bit over half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, clypeus rectangular with no dividing lines, base of

head and labrum yellowish brown, rest green, labrum widely emarginate anteriorly, jaws reddish

brown. Apical joints of antennae from 7 to 11

more or less dark. Prothorax not quite twice as

wide as long with sides usually angulate below

middle, a tooth at each corner, not very convex,

densely punctate, pale yellow brown with lateral

margin usually aeneous, basal margin dark. Scutellum dark. Elytra three times as long as prothorax

and a little wider with flattened costae except on

sides, first two rows of punctures near suture single

and marginal one also single, in other rows punctures often alternating or single in part and unusually fine. Body beneath and epipleura dark

aeneous, apex of hind femora and sometimes rest

of femora dark. Length 4.4-5.5 mm; width 2.2-

2.4 mm.

TYPE.—In National Museum of Natural History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Wheatfields near Globe, Arizona, Duncan collector.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Arizona: Tucson;

Pima County; Nogales; Santa Cruz County; near

Bisbee Junction, on Verbesina enceliodes; Douglas,

on Ximenesia exauriculata; Sakuente, on cotton;

Roll, on alfalfa; 20 miles east of Casa Grande; Pinal

County; Montezuma Pass; 6 miles west St. Xavier

reservation; Patagonia; Florence; Arivaca Creek;

Pima County. Mexico: Acapulco; Iguala; Taxco.

Michoacan: Morelia; Tepic; Nayarit; Mulage.

Lower California: San Domingo; Comonda. Sinaloa: Los Mochis; 26 miles north of Pericos. Sonora:

Alamos; Hermosilla; Desenboque; San Bernardino;

Rio Maya.

REMARKS.—This is essentially a Mexican species

that ranges from southern Arizona through Lower

California and Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Michoacan

to Guerrero, and throughout its long range there

is little variation. Schaeffer's name "viridiceps"

identifies this slender, pale yellow costate species

with the conspicuously shining green head and

undersurface. Several hundred specimens in the

National Museum of Natural History collection are

from Roll, Arizona, where it was collected on

alfalfa.

Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer

FIGURE 25

Colaspis brunnea var. viriditincta Schaeffer, 1919:329.

Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer, 1933:468.

DESCRIPTION.—From 5-6 mm in length, oblong

oval, head and prothorax and body beneath often

aeneous green; elytra yellowish or reddish brown,

frequently with aeneous luster to scutellum, punctures often aeneous, apex of femora, sometimes
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

apices of tibiae and tarsal joints dark, elytral costae

not much elevated except at apex, punctures large.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout without

definite outlines about clypeus, shining green except

the reddish-brown labrum and mouthparts, anteriorly labrum widely and shallowly emarginate.

Antennae with 5 basal joints pale, apical 5 or 6

tending to be dark. Prothorax convex with rounded

sides, often somewhat angulate below middle, a

small tooth at each corner, shining metallic green,

densely but not coarsely punctate. Scutellum green.

Elytra more than three times as long as prothorax

and somewhat wider, convex, with evenly spaced

but rather flat, except at apex, costae, intervals

filled with coarse geminate punctures except in

first row which is partially single; yellowish or reddish brown with punctures often aeneous, area

about scutellum and down suture also often

aeneous, margin either lavender or aeneous, epipleura pale. Body beneath with prosternum and

often breast and abdomen aeneous, apical sternite

of abdomen pale. Legs pale with apex of femora

and sometimes tip of tibiae and tarsal joints dark.

Hind tibiae of male dilated at middle. Length 5-6

mm; width 2.4—3 mm.

TYPE.—In National Museum of Natural History.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Douglas, Arizona, F. H. Snow.

Also collected there by W. W. Jones.

OTHER LOCALITIES—Arizona: Tempe; E. W.

Walker; Nogales; Moznette; Tucson; Pima County.

REMARKS.—F. H. Chittenden, in whose collection

were the 46 specimens collected at Tempe, Arizona,

had labeled this as a new species. I suspect that

C. viriditincta may also occur in Mexico, although

we have no specimens from there in any collection

that I have seen. It has a coloration somewhat similar to C. costipennis Crotch, but it is larger and

the elytral costae are twice as many as in C. costipennis. Schaeffer has noted another peculiarity,

that is, in the male the posterior tibiae are strongly

dilated at the middle, a character found in several

other species, mostly Mexican.

Colaspis melaina, new species

FIGURE 26

DESCRIPTION.—Between 4.7 and 6.0 mm in length,

elongate oblong oval, entirely dark yellowish brown

to piceous, head, margin of prothorax and margin

of elytra as well as epipleura and body beneath

often with bluish or faint aeneous luster, feet mostly dark. Antennae with paler brown basal joints

and black outer joints. Elytra with 8 evenly spaced

costae on each elytron.

Head with interocular space more than half

width of head, densely punctate throughout, clypeus almost square, labrum and jaws reddish

brown, rest of head black with bluish or aeneous

luster. Antennae often entirely dark but in paler

specimens basal joints dark yellowish brown. Prothorax wider than long, rather flat with sides faintly

angulate below middle and a tooth at each corner,

surface densely punctate, margin often with metallic

greenish or bluish luster. Scutellum dark. Elytra

nearly three times as long as prothorax and a little

wider, usually not as deep in coloring as prothorax

with paler deep yellowish brown areas at base and

along sides, three specimens of moderately dark

yellow-brown color with suture and lateral margins

alone black; eight costae of approximately same

width on each elytron; punctures between large,

first and second rows and marginal row single. Body

beneath and legs dark, in paler specimens dark

yellowish brown, body often with metallic luster.

Length 4.7-6.0 mm; width 2.2-2.7 mm.

TYPE.—Male, and 11 paratypes, USNM Type No.

26911.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Hereford, Arizona, W. W.

Jones, on Ambrosia apt era.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Arizona: Portal,

at light; Patagonia, on Datura; Nogales, on weeds;

Douglas.

REMARKS.—In appearance this beetle looks like

a black form of C. brunnea (Fabricius) with the

same strongly ribbed elytra having eight rows of

costae of equal width on each elytron. In reality it

is not at all closely related to that species, as the

aedeagus is utterly different from that of the brunnea group, all of which have an aedeagus strongly

bent at the apex. In this black species the aedeagus

is not bent but has a long, pointed tip. In this

regard it strongly resembles the aedeagus of C.

x'iridiceps, a species in which the elytral costae are

flatter, and the color of the beetles pale yellow

brown, with distinctly green trimmings. Colaspis

melaina has been collected only in the most southern part of Arizona along the Mexican border. I

have been unable to find the description of any
NUMBER 181 17

Mexican species corresponding to it, however, nor

have I seen any specimens like it from Mexico.

Colaspis inconspicua Jacoby from Panama is a

larger beetle with a more aeneous luster on the

upper surface.

Colaspis championi Jacoby

FIGURE 27

Colaspis championi Jacoby, 1881:137-138.

Colaspis simplicipes Bechyne, 1950:253-254.

DESCRIPTION.—Between 7.0 and 9.0 mm in length,

oblong oval, yellowish or pale reddish brown, with

aeneous green edges to prothorax and elytra and

sometimes elytral punctures, prosternum in middle

and often breast aeneous, each elytron with 4 more

prominent costae, all rather flat; punctures between

mostly geminate except in rows near suture and

margin.

Head with interocular space a little more than

half its width, densely punctate over occiput and a

few punctures on clypeus, smooth over tubercles

and lower part of clypeus, punctures often shining

metallic. Labrum with small emargination anteriorly, jaws piceous. Antennae pale with joints 7,

10, and 11 dark. Prothorax approximately twice as

wide as long and almost as wide as elytra, with sides

more or less angulate below middle, yellow brown

with very dense punctation and aeneous lateral and

basal margins. Scutellum pale. Elytra more than

three times as long as prothorax, each elytron with

4 more prominent but rather flat costae, between

which double rows of geminate punctures except

in rows next to suture and margin, punctures often

with aeneous sheen and rather large, leaving only

very narrow midcostae, lateral margins of elytra

aeneous. Body beneath with middle and sometimes

entire prosternum, often breast, in part, aeneous.

Abdomen usually yellow brown. Hind tibiae in

male not dilated. Length 7.0-9.0 mm; width 3.5-

4.5 mm.

COTYPES.—In British Museum (Natural History)

and in Bowditch collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, in latter, two specimens

from San Geronimo, Guatemela, two from Presidio,

Mexico, and one from Jalapa, Mexico.

TYPE.—Type of C. simplicipes Bechyne from

Volcan Colima, Mexico, in Zoologische Staatsosammlung, in Munich, paratype in Frey Museum.

OTHER LOCALITIES AND HOSTS.—Arizona: Douglas; San Bernardino Ranch; Hereford, on corn silk.

Mexico. Guatemala.

REMARKS.—There can be no doubt that Bechyne's

species, C. simplicipes, is a synonym of C. championi

Jacoby. I have dissected a male paratype of Bechyne's

and found the same shaped aedeagus as in C. championi, a shape unusual in the genus because of the

long narrow tip. This is essentially a Mexican

species that just crosses the border on the edge of

Arizona. It is the largest species to occur in the

United States. Colaspis championi might easily be

confused with another species from Mexico and

Central America that so far has not been found in

the United States. Jacoby called this species C. gemmingeri Harold. Now Harold described C. gemmingeri from Brazil and Jacoby noted that there were

small differences in the Brazilian species in the

shape of the elytra. Bowditch also noted a difference in the swelling on the underside of the hind

tibiae, in the male, and named this Mexican species

C. confusa, describing it briefly in a line and a half.

C. championi is entirely without this swelling. It

is the palest of the three, often only the undersurface and lateral margins being aeneous, although

sometimes the elytral punctures show aeneous glitter. C. confusa is greener, and C. gemmingeri is

greenest. But the clearest differences are to be found

in their aedeagi.

Colaspis championi Jacoby is very close to still

another Central American species not yet described.

In fact some of Jacoby's specimens under championi

may possibly be this other species. Of the five specimens in the Bowditch collection only two from Presidio, Mexico, are males, and it is necessary in this

case to dissect for the aedeagus to be certain which

is C. championi. So for this reason I am making a

lectotype of C. championi of one of the males from

Presidio.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Literature Cited

Barber, H. S.

1937. Some Species of Colaspis from the brunnea Confusion. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of

Washington, 38 (9): 198, 201.

Bechyne, Jan

1950. Notes sur les Eumolpides Americains. Mitieilungen

Muenchener Entmologischen Gesellschaft, 40:253-

254, 274.

Bigger, J. H.

1931. The Grape Colaspis as a Corn Pest in Illinois.

Transactions of the Illinois Academy, 24 (31):235-

240.

Brown, W. J.

1961. Notes on North American Chrysomelidae. Canadian

Entomologist, 93 (2):973.

Crotch, G. R.

1873. Material for the Study of the Phytophaga of the

United States. Proceedings of the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 25:44.

Fabricius, J. C.

1798. Entomologiae Systema. Supplement, page 94.

1801. Systema Eleutheratorum. Volume 1, pages 411, 417.

Gowdey, C. C.

1926. The Banana Fruit Scarring Beetle (C. hypochlora

Lef.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17:137.

Horn, G. H.

1892. The Eumolpinae of Boreal North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 19:

196, 223.

Jacoby, Martin

1881. Coleoptera. Number 1 in volume 6 in Godman and

Salvin, editors, Biologia Centrali-Americana. Pages

137-138.

Latreille, P. A.

1810. Considerations Generates sur I'Ordre Natural des

Animaux. 432 pages.

LeConte, J. L.

1859. The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the

Entomology of North America. Volume 2, page 196.

Lefevre, M. Ed.

1877. Coleopteres nouveaux un peu connus. Annales Societe Entomologique de France, 5 (7): 142.

1885. Eumolpidarum Catalogus. Memoires de la Societe

Royal des Sciences de Liege, series 2, 11:33.

Olivier, A. G.

1808. Entomologie . . . Coleopteres. Volume 6, pages 492,

891.

Salt, George

1928. A Study of Colaspis hypochlora Lef. Bulletin of

Entomological Research, 19:295.

Schaeffer, Charles

1906. On New and Known Genera and Species of the

Family Chrysomelidae. Bulletin of the Brooklyn

Museum, 1 (9):236.

1919. Notes on Chrysomelidae. Journal of the New York

Entomological Society, 27:329.

1933. Short Studies in the Chrysomelidae. Journal of the

New York Entomological Society, 41:466—4^1.
NUMBER 181 19

dth

FIGURES 1-6.—I, 2, Colaspis brunnea (Fabricius); 3, C. louisianae, new species; 4, C. planicostata,

new species; 5, C. fioridana Schaeffer; 6, C. hesperia, new species.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 7-11—7-9, Colaspis suilla (Fabricius); 10, C. flavicans LeFevre; 11, C. suilla borealis,

new subspecies.
NUMBER 181 21

12

db

FIGURES 12-15.—12, Colaspis flawcostata Schaeffer; 13, C. flavocoslata avaloni, new subspecies;

14, C. pini schotti Barber; 15, C. pini Barber.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

17

cH>

FIGURES 16—19.—16, Colaspis lata Schaeffer; 17, 18, C. crinicornis Schaeffer; 19, C. crinicornis

chittendeni, new subspecies.
NUMBER 181 23

FIGURES 20-24.—20, Colaspis carolinensis, new species; 21, C. keyensis, new species; 22, C. recurva,

new species; 23, C. costipennis Crotch; 24, C. viridiceps Schaeffer.
24

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

d-b

FIGURES 25-27.—25, Colaspis viriditincta Schaeffer; 26, C. melaina, new species;

27, C. championi Jacoby.

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