RENDERED: SEPTEMBER 18, 2020; 10:00 A.M.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky

Court of Appeals

NO. 2019-CA-000624-MR

KENTUCKY RETIREMENT SYSTEMS APPELLANT

APPEAL FROM FRANKLIN CIRCUIT COURT

v. HONORABLE THOMAS D. WINGATE, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 18-CI-00263

JANET MCKNIGHT APPELLEE

OPINION

AFFIRMING

**   **  **

BEFORE: ACREE, DIXON, AND MCNEILL, JUDGES.

ACREE, JUDGE: The Kentucky Retirement Systems appeals the Franklin Circuit 

Court’s March 19, 2019, opinion and order overruling the decision of the Kentucky 

Retirement Systems Medical Review Board and directing benefits be awarded to 

the claimant, Janet McKnight. Upon a review of the record, we affirm. 
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BACKGROUND

McKnight was employed as a cook/baker in the Calloway County 

Schools cafeteria for sixteen years. She was employed from August 6, 1999 to 

September 14, 2015. Her duties were characterized as “medium” work, which

“involves lifting no more than fifty (50) pounds at a time with frequent lifting or 

carrying of objects weighing up to twenty-five (25) pounds.” KRS1 61.600(5)(c)3. 

She was required to (1) lift up to fifty pounds of various food items; (2) put away 

cases of stock; (3) pull cases of stock from the freezer; (4) lift and hold pans of 

food; (5) sweep and mop floors; (6) serve hot food; and (7) prepare food. 

McKnight began to struggle with her job duties, so her employer 

allowed her to use a corn bag for her neck and a TENS unit2 on her back during 

breaks, gave her a mat for standing, raised her work station, and had employees 

assist with lifting. Her doctor ultimately placed her on a twenty-five-pound weight 

restriction. Her condition prompted her to apply for disability pursuant to KRS 

60.600. She alleged disability due to spine and neck arthritis, fibromyalgia, 

myofascial pain syndrome, short bowels, anxiety, and shoulder problems. 

However, her application was denied twice based on the recommendation of Dr. 

Merz, Dr. Keller, and Dr. Mullen – the Medical Review Board doctors. 

 

1 Kentucky Revised Statutes. 

2 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation unit.
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McKnight requested a hearing before a hearing officer. At the 

hearing, she presented evidence in support of her application for disability. The 

hearing officer found McKnight credible and that the objective medical evidence 

supported her disability claim. However, on January 25, 2018, the Board rejected 

the hearing officer’s findings and denied McKnight’s disability claim. The Board 

concluded that based on objective medical evidence McKnight failed to 

demonstrate that from the last day of paid employment, her medical issues 

prevented her from performing her job duties. 

McKnight then appealed the Board’s decision to the Franklin Circuit 

Court. The Franklin Circuit Court agreed with McKnight and the hearing officer, 

reversing the Board’s decision. The Retirement Systems now appeals to this 

Court, arguing on appeal that the Franklin Circuit Court erroneously overturned the 

Board’s decision. 

STANDARD OF REVIEW

Upon review of the denial of an application for disability retirement 

benefits, we accept the Board’s findings of fact as true as long as they are 

supported by substantial evidence. Bowling v. Nat. Res. and Envtl. Protection 

Cabinet, 891 S.W.2d 406, 409 (Ky. App. 1994). Substantial evidence is evidence 

that would “induce conviction in the minds of reasonable men.” Kentucky State 

Racing Comm’n v. Fuller, 481 S.W.2d 298, 308 (Ky. 1972) (citation omitted). If it 
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is determined that the Board’s findings are supported by substantial evidence, our 

next task is to ask whether the agency has correctly applied the law to the facts as 

found. Kentucky Unemployment Ins. Comm’n v. Landmark Cmty. Newspapers of 

Kentucky, Inc., 91 S.W.3d 575, 578 (Ky. 2002). Where the finding of the Board is 

against the applicant for benefits, however, we ask on review whether the evidence 

in the applicant’s favor was so overwhelming as to compel a finding in her favor. 

McManus v. Kentucky Ret. Sys., 124 S.W.3d 454, 458 (Ky. App. 2003).

ANALYSIS

The Retirement Systems argues the Franklin Circuit Court erred by 

disregarding case law, specifically Bradley v. Kentucky Retirement Systems, 567 

S.W.3d 114 (Ky. 2018). Instead, it believes the court improperly relied upon 

Kentucky Retirement Systems v. Lowe, 343 S.W.3d 642 (Ky. App. 2011). We do 

not find that these two cases conflict and, therefore, the Franklin Circuit Court did 

not misplace its reliance on Lowe. 

In Bradley, an application for retirement benefits was denied because 

the Board determined Bradley did not prove she was permanently incapacitated by 

Lyme disease and related depression. The Franklin Circuit Court reversed the 

Board’s decision but was overturned by this Court. The Kentucky Supreme Court

then took discretionary review and held that substantial evidence supported the 

Board’s decision to deny disability benefits and the evidence in favor of Bradley
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was not so compelling that all reasonable persons would have found it persuasive. 

In Bradley, unlike in this case, there was overwhelming evidence supporting both 

positions. Still, the Retirement Systems wants this Court to find substantial 

evidence supported the Board’s decision, as in Bradley. We decline to do so. 

It is appropriate on appellate review, at every level, to consider 

whether the denial is supported by substantial evidence. If there is substantial 

evidence supporting the Board’s decision, the court should then consider whether 

the evidence was so compelling that no reasonable person could fail to be 

persuaded. The only evidence supporting the Board’s decision was that of its own 

reviewing physicians. And, here, there was substantial evidence supporting the

outcome reinstated by the Franklin Circuit Court. Upon review of the Board’s 

decision, it appears the Board misconstrued applicable statutes and erred in its 

interpretation of the law.

McKnight’s treating physicians found she suffered from fibromyalgia 

and was likely to have osteoarthrosis with myofascial pain worsened by her job 

duties. They also found she suffered from chronic neck and shoulder pains, 

anxiety, and cervical DDD. Nevertheless, the Board found there was no objective 

medical evidence that McKnight was disabled because its own reviewing doctors 

did not agree McKnight was permanently disabled. This was clear error on the 

Board’s part. 
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KRS 61.600(3) requires an application for disability requirements to 

be supported by “objective medical evidence by licensed physicians[.]” This

includes any reports, lab results, or treatments undertaken by physicians. Here, 

McKnight provided reports from her physicians and treatments given by those 

physicians. McKnight’s doctors gave her pain treatment by means of therapy and 

injections. 

The Board discounted entirely the testimony of McKnight’s doctors, 

finding it did not constitute “objective medical evidence” because it was based on 

McKnight’s subjective complaints of pain. As in Lowe, we find the treating 

physicians’ reports are clearly objective medical evidence. The Board is at liberty 

to point to other objective medical evidence, such as its own reviewing physicians; 

however, it cannot discount the treating physicians’ reports. Lowe, 343 S.W.3d at 

647.

We hold the Franklin Circuit Court did not inappropriately reweigh 

the evidence. It merely corrected the Board’s error in concluding McKnight failed 

to present objective medical evidence establishing her disability. Therefore, we 

affirm the Franklin Circuit Court. 

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:

Leigh A. Jordan Davis

Frankfort, Kentucky

BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Donna Thornton-Green

Paducah, Kentucky