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[Congressional Bills 104th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2052 Introduced in House (IH)]

104th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 2052

To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to establish and strengthen 
 policies and programs for the early stabilization of world population 
  through the global expansion of reproductive choice, and for other 
                               purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             July 18, 1995

 Mr. Beilenson (for himself and Mrs. Morella) introduced the following 
  bill; which was referred to the Committee on International Relations

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
To amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to establish and strengthen 
 policies and programs for the early stabilization of world population 
  through the global expansion of reproductive choice, and for other 
                               purposes.
    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``International Population 
Stabilization and Reproductive Health Act''.

SEC. 2. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO UNITED STATES POPULATION ASSISTANCE.

    Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended--
            (1) in section 104(b), by striking ``on such terms and 
        conditions as he may determine'' and inserting ``in accordance 
        with the provisions of chapter 12''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new chapter:

           ``CHAPTER 12--UNITED STATES POPULATION ASSISTANCE

    ``Sec. 499. Definition.--For purposes of this chapter, the term 
`United States population assistance' means assistance provided under 
section 104(b) of this Act.
    ``Sec. 499A. Congressional Findings.--The Congress makes the 
following findings:
            ``(1) Throughout much of the developing world, the 
        inability of women and couples to exercise choice over 
        childbearing undermines the role of women in economic 
        development, contributes to death and suffering among women and 
        their children, puts pressure on the environment and the 
        natural resources on which many poor families depend for their 
        survival, and in other ways vitiates the efforts of families to 
        lift themselves out of the poverty in which more than one 
        billion of the world's 5.6 billion people live.
            ``(2) Through 2015, the world's population will continue to 
        grow, with annual population increments predicted to be above 
        86 million. This will lead to a tripling of the world's 
        population before stabilization can occur.
            ``(3) As the population within individual countries grows, 
        cities grow rapidly, movement in and between countries 
        increases, and regional distributions of population become 
        unbalanced.
            ``(4) After more than a quarter century of experience and 
        research, a global consensus is emerging on the need for 
        increased international cooperation in regard to population in 
        the context of sustainable development.
            ``(5) To act effectively on this consensus, the ability to 
        exercise reproductive choice should be expanded through broader 
        dissemination of fertility regulation services that involve 
        women, couples, and the community and which are competent in 
        meeting individual, family, and community needs and values.
            ``(6) Although a number of barriers to family planning 
        remain, in many countries a large and growing unmet desire 
        exists for fertility regulation
         among women and men who are too poor to pay the full cost of 
services or for whom services are otherwise inaccessible. Worldwide, 
estimates are that more than 350 million couples want to space or 
prevent another pregnancy, but lack access to family planning methods.
            ``(7) Millions of women, most of them mothers, are killed 
        or injured each year as a result of unsafe abortions. The 
        availability of safe and effective fertility regulation methods 
        and services and increased access to quality reproductive 
        health care can help prevent many of these tragedies.
            ``(8) In addition to the personal toll on families, the 
        impact of human population growth and widespread poverty is 
        evident in mounting signs of stress on the world's environment, 
        particularly in tropical deforestation, erosion of arable land 
        and watersheds, extinction of plant and animal species, global 
        climate change, waste management, and air and water pollution.
            ``(9) Traditionally, United States population assistance 
        has not focused on achieving specific goals with respect to 
        international population stabilization or the expansion of 
        reproductive choice. The absence of clear goals in those areas 
        has led to a lack of criteria for allocating funds and 
        evaluating program success.
    ``Sec. 499B. Declaration of Policy. (a) In General.--Congress 
declares that to reduce population growth and stabilize world 
population at the lowest level feasible and thereby improve the health 
and well-being of the world's families, to ensure the role of women in 
the development process, and to protect the global environment, an 
important objective of the foreign policy of the United States shall be 
to assist the international community to achieve universal availability 
of quality fertility regulation services through a wide choice of safe 
and effective means of family planning, including programs of public 
education and other health and development efforts in support of 
smaller families.
    ``(b) Financial Targets.--The Congress endorses a target for global 
expenditures in developing countries of at least $17,000,000,000 by the 
year 2000 for population programs described in section 499C, and 
establishes a goal for United States population assistance by the year 
2000 of $1,850,000,000 in constant 1993 dollars.
    ``Sec. 499C. Authorized Activities.--United States population 
assistance is authorized to provide--
            ``(1) support for the expansion of quality, affordable, 
        voluntary family planning services, which emphasize informed 
        choice among a variety of safe and effective fertility 
        regulation methods and closely related reproductive health care 
        services, including the prevention and control of HIV-AIDS, 
        sexually transmitted diseases, and reproductive tract 
        infections;
            ``(2) support for adequate and regular supplies of quality 
        contraceptives, quality family planning counseling, 
        information, education, communication, and services emphasizing 
        the use of the mass media to improve public knowledge of 
        fertility regulation and related disease prevention methods and 
        where they may be obtained and to promote the benefits of 
        family planning and reproductive health to individuals, 
        families, and communities;
            ``(3) support to United States and foreign research 
        institutions and other appropriate entities for biomedical 
        research to develop and evaluate improved methods of safe 
        fertility regulation and related disease control, with 
        particular emphasis on methods which--
                    ``(A) are likely to be safer, easier to use, easier 
                to make available in developing country settings, and 
                less expensive than current methods;
                    ``(B) are controlled by women, including barrier 
                methods and vaginal microbicides;
                    ``(C) are likely to prevent the spread of sexually 
                transmitted diseases; and
                    ``(D) encourage and allow men to take greater 
                responsibility for their own fertility;
            ``(4) support for field research on the characteristics of 
        programs most likely to result in sustained use of effective 
        family planning in meeting each individual's lifetime 
        reproductive goals, with particular emphasis on the 
        perspectives of family planning users, including support for 
        relevant social and behavioral research focusing on such 
        factors as the use, nonuse, and unsafe or ineffective use of 
        various fertility regulation and related-disease control 
        methods;
            ``(5) support for the development of new evaluation 
        techniques and performance criteria for family planning 
        programs, emphasizing the family planning user's perspective 
        and reproductive goals;
            ``(6) support for research and research dissemination 
        related to population policy development, including demographic 
        and health surveys to assess population trends, measure unmet 
        needs, and evaluate program impact, and support for policy-
        relevant research on the relationships between population 
        trends, poverty, and environmental management, including 
        implications for sustainable agriculture, agroforestry, 
        biodiversity, water resources, energy use, and local and global 
        climate change;
            ``(7) support for prevention of unsafe abortions and 
        management of complications of unsafe abortions, including 
        research and public information dissemination on the health and 
        welfare consequences;
            ``(8) support for special programs to reach adolescents and 
        young adults before they begin childbearing, including health 
        education programs which stress responsible parenthood and the 
        health risks of unprotected sexual intercourse, as well as 
        service programs designed to meet the information and 
        contraception needs of adolescents;
            ``(9) support for a broad array of governmental and 
        nongovernmental communication strategies designed--
                    ``(A) to create public awareness worldwide;
                    ``(B) to generate a consensus on the need to 
                address reproductive health issues and the problems 
                associated with continued world population growth;
                    ``(C) to emphasize the need to educate men as well 
                as women and mobilize their support for reproductive 
                rights and responsibilities; and
                    ``(D) to remove all major remaining barriers to 
                family planning use, including unnecessary legal, 
                medical, clinical, and regulatory barriers to 
                information and methods, and to make family planning an 
                established community norm;
            ``(10) support for programs and strategies that actively 
        discourage harmful practices such as female genital mutilation; 
        and
            ``(11) support for prenatal, safe delivery programs and 
        postnatal care programs that include breastfeeding as a child 
        survival strategy and means for enhancing birth spacing.
    ``Sec. 499D. Terms and Conditions.--United States population 
assistance is authorized to be provided subject to the following 
conditions:
            ``(1) Such assistance may only support, directly or through 
        referral, those activities which provide a broad range of 
        fertility regulation methods permitted by individual country 
        policy and a broad choice of public and private family planning 
        services, including networks for community-based and subsidized 
        commercial distribution of high quality contraceptives.
            ``(2) No program supported by United States population 
        assistance may deny an individual family planning services 
        because of such individual's inability to pay all or part of 
        the cost of such services.
            ``(3) In each recipient country, programs supported by 
        United States population assistance shall, to the extent 
        possible, support an integrated approach, consistent with 
        respect for the rights of women as decisionmakers in matters of 
        reproduction and sexuality, for the provision of public and 
        private reproductive health services.
            ``(4) Family planning services and related reproductive 
        health care services supported by United States population 
        assistance shall ensure--
                    (A) privacy and confidentiality and maintain the 
                highest medical standards possible under local 
                conditions; and
                    (B) regular oversight of the quality of medical 
                care and other services offered, including followup 
                care such as care for the side effects of contraceptive 
                use.
            ``(5) United States population assistance programs shall 
        furnish only those contraceptive drugs and devices which have 
        received approval for marketing in the United States by the 
        Food and Drug Administration or which have been tested and 
        determined to be safe and effective under research protocols 
        comparable to those required by the Food and Drug 
        Administration or have been determined to be safe by an 
        appropriate international organization or the relevant health 
        authority in the country to which they are provided.
            ``(6) Family planning services supported by United States 
        population assistance shall be designed to take into account 
        the needs of the family planning user, including the 
        constraints on women's time, by involving members of the 
        community, including both men and women, in the design, 
        management, and ongoing evaluation of the services through 
        appropriate training and recruitment efforts. The design of 
        services shall stress easy accessibility, by locating services 
        as close as possible to potential users, by keeping hours of 
        service convenient, and by improving communications between 
        users and providers through community outreach and involvement. 
        Related services shall be included, either on site or through 
        referral.
            ``(7) United States population assistance to adolescent 
        fertility programs shall be provided in the context of 
        prevailing norms and customs in the recipient country.
            ``(8)(A) Programs supported by United States population 
        assistance shall--
                    ``(i) support the prevention of the spread of HIV-
                AIDS infection;
                    ``(ii) raise awareness regarding HIV-AIDS 
                prevention and consequences; and
                    ``(iii) provide quality counselling, medical care 
                and support services to HIV-AIDS infected individuals 
                in a manner which respects individual rights and 
                confidentiality.
            ``(B) Responsible sexual behavior, including voluntary 
        abstinence, for the prevention of HIV infection should be 
        promoted and included in education and information programs.
            ``(9) None of the funds made available by the United States 
        Government to foreign governments, international organizations, 
        or nongovernmental organizations may be used to coerce any 
        person to undergo contraceptive sterilization or involuntary 
        abortion or to accept any other method of fertility regulation.
    ``Sec. 499E. Eligibility for Population Assistance. (a) Eligible 
Countries.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, United States 
population assistance shall be available, directly or through 
intermediary organizations, to any country which the President 
determines has met one or more of the following criteria:
            ``(1) The country accounts for a significant proportion of 
        the world's annual population increment.
            ``(2) The country has significant unmet needs for fertility 
        regulation and requires foreign assistance to implement, 
        expand, or sustain quality family planning services for all its 
        people.
            ``(3) The country demonstrates a strong policy commitment 
        to population stabilization through the expansion of 
        reproductive choice.
    ``(b) Eligibility of Nongovernmental and Multilateral 
Organizations.--In determining eligibility for United States population 
assistance, the President shall not subject nongovernmental and 
multilateral organizations to requirements which are more restrictive 
than requirements applicable to foreign governments for such 
assistance.
    ``Sec. 499F. Participation in Multilateral Organizations. (a) 
Finding.--The Congress recognizes that the recent attention, in 
government policies toward population stabilization owes much to the 
efforts of the United Nations and its specialized agencies and 
organizations, particularly the United Nations Population Fund.
    ``(b) Availability of Funds.--United States population assistance 
shall be available for contributions to the United Nations Population 
Fund in such amounts as the President determines would be commensurate 
with United States contributions to other multilateral organizations 
and with the contributions of other donor countries.
    ``(c) Prohibitions.--(1) The prohibitions contained in section 
104(f) of this Act shall apply to the funds made available for the 
United Nations Population Fund.
    ``(2) No United States population assistance may be available to 
the United Nations Population Fund unless such assistance is held in a 
separate account and not commingled with any other funds.
    ``(3) No funds may be available for the United Nations Population 
Fund unless the Fund agrees to prohibit the use of those funds to carry 
out any program, project, or activity that involves the use of coerced 
abortion or involuntary sterilization.
    ``(d) Allocation of Funds.--Of the funds made available for United 
States population assistance, the President shall make available for 
the Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in 
Human Reproduction for each of the fiscal years 1996 and 1997 an amount 
commensurate with the contributions of the other donor countries for 
the purpose of furthering international cooperation in the development 
and evaluation of fertility regulation technology.
    ``Sec. 499G. Support for Nongovernmental Organizations. (a) 
Finding.--Congress finds that in many developing countries, 
nongovernmental entities, including private and voluntary organizations 
and private sector entities, such as the International Planned 
Parenthood Federation and the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 
are the most appropriate and effective providers of United States 
assistance to population and family planning activities.
    ``(b) Procedures.--The President shall establish simplified 
procedures for the development and approval of programs to be carried 
out by nongovernmental organizations that have demonstrated--
            ``(1) a capacity to undertake effective population and 
        family planning activities which encourage significant 
        involvement by private health practitioners, employer-based 
        health services, unions, and cooperative health organizations; 
        and
            ``(2) a commitment to quality reproductive health care for 
        women.
    ``(c) Priority for Nongovernmental Organizations.--The largest 
share of United States population assistance made available for any 
fiscal year shall be made available through United States and foreign 
nongovernmental organizations.
    ``Sec. 499H. Reports to Congress.--The President shall prepare and 
submit to the Congress, as part of the annual presentation materials on 
foreign assistance, a report on world progress toward population 
stabilization and universal reproductive choice. The report shall 
include--
            ``(1) estimates of expenditures on the population 
        activities described in section 499C by national governments, 
        donor agencies, and private sector entities;
            ``(2) an assessment by country, of the availability and use 
        of all methods of fertility regulation and abortion, whether 
        lawful or unlawful in that country;
            ``(3) an analysis by country and region of the impact of 
        population trends on a set of key social, economic, political, 
        and environment indicators, which shall be identified by the 
        President in the first report submitted pursuant to this 
        section and analyzed in that report and each subsequent report; 
        and
            ``(4) a detailed statement of prior year and proposed 
        direct and indirect allocations of population assistance, by 
        country, which describes how each country allocation meets the 
        criteria set forth in this section.''.

SEC. 3. AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 104(g)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 
2151b(g)(1) is amended by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:
            ``(A) $635,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and $695,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1997 to carry out subsection (b) of this 
        section; and''.

SEC. 4. OVERSIGHT OF MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS.

    (a) Findings.--The Congress finds that--
            (1) multilateral development banks have an important role 
        to play in global population efforts;
            (2) although the increased commitment by multilateral 
        development banks to population-related activities is 
        encouraging, together the banks provided less than $200,000,000 
        in 1994 in assistance for core population programs, and their 
        overall lending for population, health, and nutrition decreased 
        by more than one-half between 1993 and 1994; and
            (3) the banks themselves have recognized a need to improve 
        oversight of programs, strengthen the technical skills of their 
        personnel, and improve their capacity to work with borrowers, 
        other donors, and nongovernmental organizations in formulating 
        creative population projects to meet diverse borrower needs.
    (b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of the Congress that the 
multilateral development banks should increase their annual support for 
the population activities described in section 499C of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, as added by this Act, to not less than a total 
of $1,000,000,000 by December 31, 2000.
    (c) Report Required.--Not later than July 31 of each year, the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall prepare and transmit to Congress a 
report which includes, with respect to the preceding calendar year--
            (1) information on the resources made available by each 
        multilateral development bank for the population activities 
        described in section 499C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
        1961, as added by this Act;
            (2) if such resources total less than $1,000,000,000, any 
        specific actions taken by the United States executive directors 
        to the banks to encourage increases in such resources and in 
        policy-level discussions with donor and developing country 
        governments; and
            (3) an analysis of the progress made by the banks towards--
                    (A) meeting the objectives of the population 
                activities which are supported by the banks;
                    (B) increasing their in-country management staff;
                    (C) improving the technical skills of their 
                personnel; and
                    (D) assuring their responsiveness to borrower 
                needs.
    (d) Definition.--As used in this section, the term ``multilateral 
development banks'' means the International Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development, the International Development Association, the African 
Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American 
Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and 
Development.

SEC. 5. REPORT ON WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN.

    (a) Report.--Not later than August 1, 1995, the Secretary shall 
submit to the Congress a public report on preparations for United 
States participation in the 1995 World Conference on Women, including 
information on public hearings and conferences to be held in relation 
to the Conference. The report, which should be made available for 
consideration at the 1995 World Conference on Women, shall specify, 
among other things--
            (1) modifications in policy and financial commitments 
        required by United States and foreign governments to achieve 
        universal reproductive choice and early population 
        stabilization;
            (2) information on the burden of poverty on women, 
        including international statistics on women in poverty and 
        female-headed households;
            (3) current data on gender inequality in access to 
        education and health care services;
            (4) information on violence against women, including 
        current data on causes and incidence, new methods for 
        addressing violence against women, and proposals for preventing 
        and eradicating violence against women;
            (5) information on women's access to and participation in 
        the development of economic structures and policies and in 
        local and national economies in general, including current data 
        on occupational segregation, wage inequality, and access to 
        credit and technology; and
            (6) current comparative data on men and women in political 
        positions, legislative bodies, and decisionmaking positions at 
        all levels, and information on the structural and attitudinal 
        barriers women face in these areas.
SEC. 6. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES TO STABILIZE WORLD 
              POPULATION.

    (a) Congressional Findings.--The Congress makes the following 
findings:
            (1) Women represent 50 percent of the world's human 
        resource potential. Therefore, improving the health, social, 
        and economic status of women and increasing their productivity 
        are essential for economic progress in all countries. Improving 
        the status of women also enhances their decisionmaking capacity 
        at all levels in all spheres of life, including in the area of 
        reproductive health.
            (2) Throughout the world, women who participate in the 
        social, economic, and political affairs of their communities 
        are more likely to exercise their choice about childbearing 
        than women who do not participate in such activities.
            (3) Effective economic development strategies address 
        issues such as infant and child survival rates, educational 
        opportunities for girls and women, and gender equality in 
        development.
            (4) Comprehensive population stabilization efforts which 
        include both family planning services and economic development 
        activities achieve lower birth rates and stimulate more 
        development than those which pursue these objectives 
        independently.
            (5) The most powerful, long-term influence on birthrates is 
        education, especially educational attainment among women. 
        Education is one of the most important means of empowering 
        women with the knowledge, skills and self confidence necessary 
        to participate in their communities.
            (6) In most societies, men traditionally have exercised 
        preponderant power in nearly all spheres of life. Therefore, 
        improving communication between men and women on reproductive 
        health issues and increasing their understanding of joint 
        responsibilities are essential to ensuring that men and women 
        are equal partners in public and private life.
            (7) In addition to enabling women to participate in the 
        development of their societies, educational attainment has a 
        strong influence on all other aspects of family welfare, 
        including child survival. However, of the world's 130 million 
        children who are not enrolled in primary school, 70 percent are 
        girls.
            (8) In a number of countries, lower rates of school 
        enrollment among girls, the practice of prenatal sex selection, 
        and higher rates of mortality among very young girls suggest 
        that ``son preference'' is curtailing the access of girl 
        children to food, health care, and education.
            (9) Each year, nearly 15 million children under the age of 
        5 die, most from preventable causes. Wider availability of 
        vaccines, simple treatments for diarrheal disease and 
        respiratory infections, and improved nutrition could prevent 
        many of these deaths.
            (10) Each year, 500,000 or more women worldwide die from 
        complications related to pregnancy, childbirth, illegal 
        abortion, or inadequate or inaccessible reproductive health 
        care services. Another 10 million women annually suffer long-
        term illness or permanent physical impairment from such causes.
            (11) Malnutrition and anemia are widespread among poor 
        women in their childbearing years, yet the worldwide campaign 
        to encourage breastfeeding has devoted little attention to the 
        nutritional needs of nursing mothers.
            (12) By mid-1993, the cumulative number of AIDS cases since 
        the pandemic began was estimated at 2.5 million, and an 
        estimated 14 million people had been infected with HIV. By year 
        2000, estimates are that 40 million people will be HIV 
        infected.
            (13) As of mid-1993, four-fifths of all persons ever 
        infected with HIV lived in developing countries. Women are the 
        fastest growing group of new cases.
    (b) Declaration of Policy.--Congress declares that, to further the 
United States foreign policy objective of assisting the international 
community in achieving universal availability of quality fertility 
regulation services and stabilizing world population, additional 
objectives of the foreign policy of the United States shall be--
            (1) to help achieve universal access to basic education for 
        women and men, with particular priority being given to primary 
        and technical education and job training;
            (2) to increase understanding of the consequences of 
        population growth through effective education strategies that 
        begin in primary school and continue through all levels of 
        formal and nonformal education and which take into account
         the rights and responsibilities of parents and the needs of 
children and adolescents;
            (3) to reduce the gap between male and female levels of 
        literacy and between male and female levels of primary and 
        secondary school enrollment;
            (4) to help ensure that women worldwide have the 
        opportunity to become equal partners with men in the 
        development of their societies;
            (5) to help eliminate all forms of discrimination against 
        girl children and the root causes of son preference, which 
        result in harmful and unethical practice such as female 
        infanticide and prenatal sex selection;
            (6) to increase public awareness of the value of girl 
        children through public education that promotes equal treatment 
        of girls and boys in health, nutrition, education, 
        socioeconomic and political activity, and equitable inheritance 
        rights;
            (7) to promote gender equality in all spheres of life, 
        including family and community life, and to encourage and 
        enable men to take responsibility for their sexual and 
        reproductive behavior and their social and family roles;
            (8) to help ensure that women and men have the information 
        and means needed to achieve good reproductive health and to 
        exercise their reproductive rights through responsible sexual 
        behavior and equity in gender relations;
            (9) to reduce global maternal and infant mortality rates; 
        and
            (10) to improve worldwide maternal and child health status 
        and quality of life.
    (c) Authorized Activities.--United States development assistance 
shall be available, on a priority basis, for--
            (1) countries which either have adopted and implemented, or 
        have agreed to adopt and implement, strategies to help ensure--
                    (A) before 2015, the achievement of the goal of 
                universal primary education for girls and boys in all 
                countries and access to secondary and higher levels of 
                education, including vocational education and technical 
                training, for girls and women;
                    (B) by 2005, the reduction of adult illiteracy by 
                at least one-half the country's 1990 level;
                    (C) by 2005, the elimination of the gap between 
                male and female levels of literacy and between male and 
                female levels of primary and secondary school 
                enrollment; and
                    (D) the establishment of programs designed to meet 
                adolescent health needs, which include services and 
                information on responsible sexual behavior, family 
                planning practice, reproductive health and sexually 
                transmitted diseases, and HIV-AIDS prevention;
            (2) governmental and nongovernmental programs which, with 
        respect to a targeted country, are intended--
                    (A) by 2005, to increase life expectancy at birth 
                to greater than 70 years of age and by 2015, to 75 
                years of age;
                    (B) by 2005, to reduce by one-third the country's 
                mortality rates for infants and children under 5 years 
                of age, or to 50 per 1,000 live births for infants and 
                70 per 1,000 for children under 5 years of age, 
                whichever is less; and by 2015, to reduce the country's 
                infant mortality rate below 35 per 1,000 births and the 
                under-5 mortality rate below 45 per 1,000;
                    (C) by 2005, to reduce maternal mortality by one-
                half of the 1990 level and by a further one-half by 
                2015;
                    (D) by 2005, to reduce significantly malnutrition 
                among the country's children under 5 years of age;
                    (E) to maintain immunizations against childhood 
                diseases for significant segments of the country's 
                children; and
                    (F) to reduce the number of childhood deaths in the 
                country which result from diarrheal disease and acute 
                respiratory infections;
            (3) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are 
        intended to increase women's productivity and ensure equal 
        participation and equitable representation at all levels of the 
        political process and public life in each community and society 
        through--
                    (A) improved access to appropriate labor-saving 
                technology, vocational training, and extension services 
                and access to credit and child care;
                    (B) equal participation of women and men in all 
                areas of family and household responsibilities, 
                including family planning, financial support, child 
                rearing, children's education, and maternal and child 
                health and nutrition;
                    (C) fulfillment of the potential of women through 
                education, skill development and employment, with the 
                elimination of poverty, illiteracy and poor health 
                among women being of paramount importance; and
                    (D) recognition and promotion of the equal value of 
                children of both sexes;
            (4) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are 
        intended to increase the access of girls and women to 
        comprehensive reproductive health care services pursuant to 
        subsection (d); and
            (5) governmental and nongovernmental programs which are 
        intended to eliminate all forms of exploitation, abuse, 
        harassment, and violence against women, adolescents, and 
        children.
    (d) Safe Motherhood Initiative.--(1)(A) The President is authorized 
to establish a grant program, to be known as the Safe Motherhood 
Initiative, to help improve the access of girls and women worldwide to 
comprehensive reproductive health care services.
    (B) Such program shall be carried out in accordance with this 
section and shall be subject to the same terms, conditions, 
prohibitions, and restrictions as are applicable to assistance made 
available under sections 499D, 499E, and 499F of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961, as added by this Act.
    (2) Comprehensive reproductive health care programs which are 
eligible for assistance under this section include--
            (A) fertility regulation services;
            (B) prenatal care and screening for high risk pregnancies 
        and improved access to safe delivery services for women with 
        high risk pregnancies;
            (C) supplemental food programs for pregnant and nursing 
        women;
            (D) child survival and other programs that promote birth 
        spacing through breastfeeding;
            (E) expanded and coordinated programs that support 
        responsible sexual behavior, including voluntary abstinence, 
        and which prevent, detect, and treat sexually transmitted 
        diseases, including HIV-AIDS, reproductive tract infections, 
        and other chronic reproductive health problems;
            (F) programs intended to eliminate traditional practices 
        injurious to women's health, including female genital 
        mutilation;
            (G) improvements in the practice of midwifery, including 
        outreach to traditional birth attendants; and
            (H) expanded and coordinated programs to prevent, detect, 
        and treat cancers of the reproductive system.
    (e) Reports to Congress.--(1) Not later than December 31, 1995, the 
President shall prepare and submit to Congress a report which 
includes--
            (A) estimates of the total financial resources needed to 
        achieve, by the year 2005, the specific objectives set forth in 
        subsection (c) with respect to education, rates of illiteracy, 
        malnutrition, immunization, maternal and child mortality and 
        morbidity, and improvements in the economic productivity of 
        women;
            (B) an analysis of such estimates which separately lists 
        the total financial resources needed from the United States, 
        other donor nations, and nongovernmental organizations;
            (C) an analysis, by country, which--
                    (i) identifies the legal, social, economic, and 
                cultural barriers to women's self-determination and to 
                improvements in the economic productivity of women in 
                traditional and modern labor sectors; and
                    (ii) describes initiatives needed to develop 
                appropriate technologies for use by women, credit 
                programs for low-income women, expanded child care, 
                vocational training, and extension services for women; 
                and
            (D) a comprehensive description of--
                    (i) new and expanded initiatives to ensure safe 
                motherhood worldwide;
                    (ii) findings on the major causes of mortality and 
                morbidity among women of childbearing age in various 
                regions of the world;
                    (iii) actions needed to reduce, by the year 2005, 
                world maternal mortality by one-half of the worldwide 
                1990 level and a further one-half by 2015; and
                    (iv) the financial resources needed to meet this 
                goal from the United States, other donor nations, and 
                nongovernmental organizations.
    (2) In each annual country human rights report, the Secretary of 
State shall include--
            (A) information on any patterns within the country of 
        discrimination against women in inheritance laws, property 
        rights, family law, access to credit and technology, hiring 
        practices, formal education, and vocational training; and
            (B) an assessment which makes reference to all significant 
        forms of violence against women, including rape, domestic 
        violence, and female genital mutilation, the extent of 
        involuntary marriage and childbearing, and the prevalence of 
        marriage among women under 18 years of age.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--(1) Of the aggregate amounts 
available for United States development and economic assistance 
programs for education activities, $165,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 
and $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 shall be available only for 
programs in support of increasing primary and secondary school 
enrollment and equalizing levels of male and female enrollment.
    (2) There are authorized to be appropriated $330,000,000 for fiscal 
year 1996 and $380,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 to the Child Survival 
Fund under section 104(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 
which amounts shall be available for child survival activities only, 
including the Children's Vaccine Initiative, the worldwide immunization 
effort, and oral rehydration programs.
    (3) There are authorized to be appropriated $100,000,000 for the 
Safe Motherhood Initiative for each of fiscal years 1995 and 1996.
    (g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            (1) the term ``annual country human rights report'' refers 
        to the report required to be submitted
         pursuant to section 502B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2304(b)); and
            (2) the term ``United States development and economic 
        assistance'' means assistance made available under chapter 1 of 
        part I and chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act 
        of 1961.

SEC. 7. AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL FUND.

    (a) In General.--Section 104(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
    ``(4)(A)(i) The President is authorized to provide assistance, 
under such terms and conditions as he may determine, with respect to 
activities relating to research on, and the treatment and control of, 
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developing countries.
    ``(ii) Assistance provided under clause (i) shall include--
            ``(I) funds made available directly to the World Health 
        Organization for its use in financing the Global Program on 
        AIDS (including activities implemented by the Pan American 
        Health Organization); and
            ``(II) funds made available to the United Nations 
        Children's Fund (UNICEF) for AIDS-related activities.
    ``(B) Appropriations pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be referred 
to as the `AIDS Prevention and Control Fund'.''.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 104(g)(1) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b(g)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (A);
            (2) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``subsection (c) of 
        this section.'' and inserting ``subsection (c) of this section 
        (other than paragraph (4) thereof); and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end thereof the following new 
        subparagraph:
                    ``(C) $125,000,000 for fiscal year 1996 and 
                $145,000,000 for fiscal year 1997 to carry out 
                subsection (c)(4) of this section.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect October 1, 1995.

SEC. 8. SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS FORWARD LOOKING STRATEGIES FOR THE 
              ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN.

    (a) In General.--The President shall direct the United States 
representatives to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women 
to take all actions necessary to ensure the rapid implementation of the 
United Nations Forward Looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women, 
as adopted in 1985 at the United Nations Conference ending the Decade 
for Women.
    (b) Review and Annual Reports.--Not later than December 31, 1995, 
the Secretary of State shall submit the 5-year review of the status of 
United States women, as called for at the conference, and shall submit 
such annual reports as are requested by the United Nations Commission 
on the Status of Women.

SEC. 9. SUPPORT FOR THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF 
              DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN.

    The President shall promptly complete the review of the United 
Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination 
Against Women, which was signed by the United States on July 17, 1980, 
and submit to the Senate any reservations, understandings, or 
declarations that the President considers necessary in order that the 
Senate may give its advice and consent to ratification, or report to 
the Congress why he is unable or unwilling to do so.
                                 <all>
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