COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Elder, Alston and Senior Judge Willis

MICHAEL-DAVID ROBINSON

MEMORANDUM OPINION*

v. Record No. 0694-12-2 PER CURIAM

SEPTEMBER 11, 2012

CARMELLA FRAN ROBINSON

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF HANOVER COUNTY

Theodore J. Markow, Judge Designate

(Charles E. Powers; Batzli Wood & Stiles, P.C., on briefs), for 

appellant.

(Lawrence D. Diehl; Brandy M. Poss; Barnes & Diehl, P.C., on 

brief), for appellee.

Michael-David Robinson (husband) appeals an order regarding the trial court’s 

interpretation of the Agreement between husband and Carmella Fran Robinson (wife), dated 

February 11, 2010 (the Agreement). Husband argues that the “trial court erred in its interpretation 

of the parties’ Agreement dated February 11, 2010 which provided for the division of the assets of 

the party [sic] as of that date and not assets acquired following the Agreement.” Upon reviewing 

the record and briefs of the parties, we conclude that this appeal is without merit. Accordingly,

we summarily affirm the decision of the trial court. See Rule 5A:27.

BACKGROUND

“When reviewing a trial court’s decision on appeal, we view the evidence in the light 

most favorable to the prevailing party, granting it the benefit of any reasonable inferences.” 

Congdon v. Congdon, 40 Va. App. 255, 258, 578 S.E.2d 833, 834 (2003) (citations omitted).

 * Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
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Husband and wife married on June 24, 1977 and separated on May 6, 2009. On February 

11, 2010, wife’s counsel sent a letter to husband’s counsel with a proposal to settle the outstanding 

issues. Husband and wife negotiated the terms of the agreement, and changes were handwritten 

directly on the letter. In pertinent part, the parties agreed to the following: “The remaining assets, 

including the house, which you are going to have appraised, the stocks etc. to be split 50/50, 

including Dominion Resources, CSV of Life Insurance and Wachovia Securities.” Both parties and 

counsel signed the Agreement. On May 27, 2010, the trial court entered the final decree of divorce, 

which affirmed, ratified, and incorporated the Agreement. Husband objected to the incorporation of 

the Agreement because “it does not reflect final terms.” Husband did not appeal the final decree.

In February 2011, the matter was reinstated on the docket for the trial court to determine the 

valuation and disposition of the former marital residence. On February 23, 2011, the trial court 

entered an order determining that the fair market value of the former marital residence was 

$750,000. Furthermore, the trial court ordered that husband was “to purchase [wife’s] one-half 

interest in the equity or the parties . . . [were] to list the property for sale and divide the net proceeds 

equally.”

Husband filed a motion to vacate and to reconsider and asked the trial court to reconsider its 

order regarding the disposition of the property. He argued that the equity in the home should have 

been determined as of the date of the Agreement. Husband explained that he had been paying the 

mortgage, without assistance from wife, since February 11, 2010 and any equity resulting from the 

post-Agreement reduction in mortgage principal should be his separate property. On March 16, 

2011, the trial court vacated the section of the February 23, 2011 order regarding the disposition of 

the property.

The parties presented their arguments to the trial court. On March 16, 2012, the trial court 

entered an order, which held, in pertinent part, that “the equity in the former marital residence shall 
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be based on the liens and encumbrances on the property at the time of the purchase of the residence 

from [wife] by [husband] or at the time of its sale to a third party.” This appeal followed.

ANALYSIS

Interpretation of the Agreement

Husband argues that the trial court erred in interpreting the Agreement such that the division 

of the former marital residence would occur when it was sold or when husband bought out wife’s 

interest, and not as of the date of the Agreement.

“Property settlement agreements are contracts and are subject to the same rules of 

construction that apply to the interpretation of contracts generally.” Southerland v. Estate of 

Southerland, 249 Va. 584, 588, 457 S.E.2d 375, 378 (1995) (citations omitted).

“On appeal, the Court reviews a trial court’s interpretation of a contract de novo.” 

Plunkett v. Plunkett, 271 Va. 162, 166-67, 624 S.E.2d 39, 41 (2006) (citations omitted).

“‘When a contract is clear and unambiguous, it is the court’s duty to interpret the 

contract, as written.’” Stacy v. Stacy, 53 Va. App. 38, 44, 669 S.E.2d 348, 351 (2008) (en banc) 

(quoting Palmer & Palmer Co., LLC v. Waterfront Marine Constr., Inc., 276 Va. 285, 289, 662 

S.E.2d 77, 80 (2008)).

“Contract language is ambiguous when ‘it may be understood in more than one way or 

when it refers to two or more things at the same time.’” Eure v. Norfolk Shipbuilding & 

Drydock Corp., 263 Va. 624, 632, 561 S.E.2d 663, 668 (2002) (quoting Granite State Ins. Co. v. 

Bottoms, 243 Va. 228, 234, 415 S.E.2d 131, 134 (1992)). However, “[a] contract term is not 

ambiguous merely because the parties disagree as to the term’s meaning.” Bergman v. Bergman, 

25 Va. App. 204, 211, 487 S.E.2d 264, 267 (1994) (citations omitted).

Here, the language in the Agreement was not ambiguous. The Agreement provided, “The 

remaining assets, including the house, which you are going to have appraised, . . . to be split 
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50/50.” There is no ambiguity that each party is entitled to fifty percent of the equity. 

Husband’s issue concerns how the equity is determined. He argues that the equity should be 

determined as of the date of the Agreement, February 11, 2010.

However, the Agreement does not state that the equity is determined as of February 11, 

2010. The Agreement states that the equity is “to be split 50/50.” As the trial court noted, “the 

agreement says 50/50 with no qualification as to when that’s determined . . . .”

“According to the rules of construction, ‘courts cannot read into contracts language 

which will add to or take away the meaning of words already contained therein.’” Rutledge v. 

Rutledge, 45 Va. App. 56, 64, 608 S.E.2d 504, 508 (2005) (quoting Wilson v. Holyfield, 227 Va. 

184, 187, 313 S.E.2d 396, 398 (1984)). “Where the agreement is plain and unambiguous in its 

terms, the rights of the parties are to be determined from the terms of the agreement and the court 

may not impose an obligation not found in the agreement itself.” Jones v. Jones, 19 Va. App. 

265, 268-69, 450 S.E.2d 762, 764 (1994) (citing Harris v. Woodrum, 3 Va. App. 428, 432, 350 

S.E.2d 667, 669 (1986)). “However inartfully it may have been drawn, the court cannot make a 

new contract for the parties, but must construe its language as written.” Berry v. Klinger, 225 

Va. 201, 208, 300 S.E.2d 792, 796 (1983) (citing Quesenberry v. Nichols and Erie, 208 Va. 667, 

159 S.E.2d 636 (1968)).

Husband is asking the Court to add language into the Agreement by stating that the 

equity is determined as of February 11, 2010. We cannot do so. If the parties intended to divide 

the equity as of February 11, 2010, then the Agreement should have so stated.

Accordingly, the trial court did not err in interpreting the Agreement to provide that the 

equity in the home is to be determined based on the mortgage balance as of the sale of the 

property to a third party or when husband purchases wife’s one-half interest.
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Attorney’s Fees and Costs

Wife seeks an award of the attorney’s fees and costs she incurred on appeal. See

O’Loughlin v. O’Loughlin, 23 Va. App. 690, 695, 479 S.E.2d 98, 100 (1996). On consideration 

of the record before us, we deny wife’s request for attorney’s fees and costs she incurred on 

appeal.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the trial court’s ruling is summarily affirmed. Rule 5A:27.

Affirmed.