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76–462 2012

BROADBAND: A CATALYST FOR SMALL BUSINESS 

GROWTH 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTHCARE AND 

TECHNOLOGY 

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS 

UNITED STATES 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS 

SECOND SESSION 

HEARING HELD 

FEBRUARY 15, 2012 

Small Business Committee Document Number 112–054 

Available via the GPO Website: www.fdsys.gov 


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(II) 

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS 

SAM GRAVES, Missouri, Chairman 

ROSCOE BARTLETT, Maryland 

STEVE CHABOT, Ohio 

STEVE KING, Iowa 

MIKE COFFMAN, Colorado 

MICK MULVANEY, South Carolina 

SCOTT TIPTON, Colorado 

CHUCK FLEISCHMANN, Tennessee 

JEFF LANDRY, Louisiana 

JAIME HERRERA BEUTLER, Washington 

ALLEN WEST, Florida 

RENEE ELLMERS, North Carolina 

JOE WALSH, Illinois 

LOU BARLETTA, Pennsylvania 

RICHARD HANNA, New York 

NYDIA VELA ́ ZQUEZ, New York, Ranking Member 

KURT SCHRADER, Oregon 

MARK CRITZ, Pennsylvania 

JASON ALTMIRE, Pennsylvania 

YVETTE CLARKE, New York 

JUDY CHU, California 

DAVID CICILLINE, Rhode Island 

CEDRIC RICHMOND, Louisiana 

GARY PETERS, Michigan 

BILL OWENS, New York 

BILL KEATING, Massachusetts 

LORI SALLEY, Staff Director 

PAUL SASS, Deputy Staff Director 

BARRY PINELES, Chief Counsel 

MICHAEL DAY, Minority Staff Director 


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C O N T E N T S 

OPENING STATEMENTS 

Page 

Hon. Renee Ellmers ................................................................................................. 1 

Hon. Cedric Richmond ............................................................................................. 2 

WITNESSES 

Mitzie S. Branon, General Manager, Yadkin Valley Telecom, Yadkinville, 

North Carolina ..................................................................................................... 3 

Roger Bundridge, General Manager, NorthwestCell, Maryville, MO ................. 5 

Darrell M. West, VP and Director of Governance Studies, Director of the 

Center for Technology Innovation, Brookings Institute, Washington, DC ...... 7 

Rebecca Sanders, Indiana Telehealth Network Director, Indiana Rural Health 

Association, Plainfield, IN ................................................................................... 9 

APPENDIX 

Prepared Statements: 

Mitzie S. Branon, General Manager, Yadkin Valley Telecom, Yadkinville, 

North Carolina .............................................................................................. 17 

Roger Bundridge, General Manager, NorthwestCell, Maryville, MO .......... 29 

Darrell M. West, VP and Director of Governance Studies, Director of 

the Center for Technology Innovation, Brookings Institute, Washington, 

DC .................................................................................................................. 39 

Rebecca Sanders, Indiana Telehealth Network Director, Indiana Rural 

Health Association, Plainfield, IN ............................................................... 47 

Questions for the Record: 

None. 

Answers for the Record: 

None. 

Additional Materials for the Record: 

Jerry James, CEO, COMPTEL Statement for the Record ............................ 63 


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(1) 

BROADBAND: A CATALYST FOR SMALL 

BUSINESS GROWTH 

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 2012 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEALTHCARE AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, DC. 

The Committee met, pursuant to call, at 1 p.m., in room 2360, 

Rayburn House Office Building. Hon. Renee Ellmers (chairwoman 

of the subcommittee) presiding. 

Present: Representatives Ellmers and Richmond. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. I call the hearing to order. 

I want to thank the witnesses for your testimony and your input 

today. We appreciate your participation at this very, very important hearing today. 

Access to broadband services has the potential to transform the 

way small businesses and organizations fundamentally operate. 

Small firms can communicate with potential buyers around the 

world; family farmers can better monitor and manage crop prices; 

and entrepreneurs can launch a website or application from their 

living room. As a registered nurse and a small business owner, I 

fully understand the benefits of a modern health care facility with 

broadband access. More importantly, broadband provides the gateway and opportunity for economic growth and job creation, especially in the rural areas. 

While it is easy to understand the limitless benefits of broadband 

Internet, those capabilities would not be available if not for the 

contributions of our small business providers like those represented 

here today. To keep up with the growing demand, private sector 

enterprises have invested billions of dollars to upgrade their network to provide faster and more reliable services. It is because of 

these investments that we can enjoy broadband at the workplace 

or on a wireless device. 

However, there is still a severe shortage of network infrastructure that limits many small businesses from utilizing the 

broadband services. In particular, rural areas of states are most 

likely to lack the necessary capabilities, as they can be difficult and 

expensive to develop. This is the reason that I introduced H.R. 

2128, which is the Stripping the E-Prescribe Arbitrary Mandate 

Act of 2011, which would prevent the federal government from imposing penalties and fees on health care providers who are not yet 

able to e-Prescribe. 

Currently, there are a variety of federal initiatives aimed at providing broadband to everyone in the United States. When considVerDate Mar 15 2010 05:33 Nov 09, 2012 Jkt 076462 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 E:\HR\OC\A462.XXX A462

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ering these policies, we must first ensure that the regulatory 

changes do not diminish the incentive for private sector investment 

in broadband infrastructure. Moreover, we must strengthen our 

oversight on various programs to confirm that federal dollars are 

being spent efficiently, and will benefit small businesses in rural 

areas. 

We have a distinguished panel of witnesses here today. I look 

forward to hearing their thoughts on the importance of broadband 

and how best to provide broadband to small businesses across the 

United States. I now yield to Ranking Member Richmond for his 

opening statement. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Thank you, Chairwoman Ellmers, one for recognizing me, and two for having this very appropriate Committee 

hearing. And then thank you to Ms. Sanders, Mr. West, Mr. 

Bundridge, and Ms. Branon for coming here today. 

I think we can all agree that today’s hearing will offer us a great 

opportunity to examine the benefits and challenges of broadband 

deployment. The technology and telecommunication sectors are 

major contributors to the U.S. economy for engines for economic 

growth with the potential to create at least one million new jobs 

and keep over three million employees at work in the broadband 

sector. Small firms stand ready and eager to capture the economic 

gains produced by this technology. 

Most small businesses are embracing broadband more than ever 

before and it is rapidly changing the way business is conducted. Innovative applications and services such as video conferencing are 

helping small companies reduce costs, increase productivity, and 

expand their businesses into new marketplaces. We have seen the 

benefits broadband can bring to our daily lives in a variety of ways. 

Those fortunate enough to have access to broadband know how it 

improves efficiency while reducing operator costs. Yet, in rural 

areas the percentage of small businesses without broadband access 

is twice as high as urban areas. Even though broadband subscriptions have steadily increased, access in rural and low income communities is being outpaced by the rest of the country due to a lack 

of network deployment. 

Beyond the access barrier there are cost issues. Small firms pay 

two times more per employee for broadband than larger firms. Unfortunately, the adoption gap may further widen without adequate 

support for broadband deployment. Federal loan and grant programs have helped economically disadvantaged communities gain 

access to high speed Internet, resulting in attracting business, 

lower unemployment rates, and skilled workers. Eliminating the 

digital divide will not only assist rural and low income communities, it will help our nation’s job creators. 

By making the virtual marketplace more accessible, the bar to 

entrepreneurship is lowered, which encourages job creation 

throughout the economy. Broadband access has significantly impacted tourism, agriculture, and rural health care. Improving the 

ability of patients and practitioners to use electronic medical 

records and telemedicine has been a top goal in Louisiana. These 

investments have improved patient care and resulted in a better 

integrated health system. 


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Today’s hearing will focus on improving broadband access in 

order to strengthen the small business economy. The insights gathered today will enable us to make certain that policies coming out 

of Congress and the FCC effectively support network deployment. 

This Committee will ensure that the needs of small firms are taken 

into account during the FCC’s Universal Service Fund reform process. Our country’s continued leadership in technological development depends on it. 

In advance of the testimony, I want to thank all of the witnesses 

who traveled here today for both their participation and insights 

into this important topic. Thank you. And I yield back. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you to our ranking member. 

STATEMENTS OF MITZIE S. BRANON, GENERAL MANAGER, 

YADKIN VALLEY TELECOM, TESTIFYING ON BEHALF OF THE 

NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROMOTION AND ADVANCEMENT OF SMALL TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES, AND 

WESTERN TELECOMMUNICATIONS ALLIANCE; ROGER 

BUNDRIDGE, GENERAL MANAGER, NORTHWESTCELL, TESTIFYING ON BEHALF OF THE RURAL CELLULAR ASSOCIATION; 

DARRELL M. WEST, DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION, BROOKINGS INSTITUTION; REBECCA 

SANDERS, INDIANA TELEHEALTH NETWORK DIRECTOR, INDIANA RURAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION, TESTIFYING ON BEHALF OF THE NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Our first witness is Mitzie Branon, who 

is the general manager of Yadkin Valley Telecom in Yadkinville, 

North Carolina. She has over 20 years of experience with the 

Yadkin Valley and currently resides in Fall Creek, North Carolina. 

She is testifying today on behalf of the National Telecommunications Cooperative Association, Organization for the Promotion 

and Advancement of Small Telecommunication Companies, and the 

Western Telecommunications Alliance. Thank you for being here, 

Ms. Branon, and we look forward to your testimony. 

STATEMENT OF MITZIE S. BRANON 

Ms. BRANON. Thank you for the invitation to participate in today’s discussion on the role of broadband access in the start-up and 

growth of small business. 

For the past two years I have served as general manager of 

Yadkin Valley Telephone Membership Corporation, which is 

headquartered in Yadkinville, and my remarks today are on behalf 

of Yadkin Valley, as well as NTCA, OPASTCO, and WTA, and 

their several hundred community-based members that provide a 

variety of communication services throughout the rural far reaches 

of the nation. 

Our industry leads the way in deploying high speed sustainable 

broadband to rural America, thereby providing an incubator for 

small business ideas in rural America to be implemented and flourish. America’s 1,100 rural telecom providers serve approximately 

40 percent of the nation’s landmass, yet about 5 percent of the population, an average of 10 customers per square mile. Yadkin Valley 

serves over 26,000 customer lines and our 670 square mile rural 


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service area in the Piedmont portion of North Carolina. We employ 

160 people, and our 2011 operating revenue was about $34 million. 

We offer 1.5 megabit broadband to 96 percent of our service area 

with much faster speeds offered to a majority of customers, and we 

are working on a strategic network plan to deliver 25 megabit 

broadband to the 55 percent of our customer base that does not already receive it. 

Rural providers are community focused. When Internet first became widely available in the 1990s, Yadkin Valley donated time 

and material to wire the local schools. Yadkin Valley recently provided dedicated fiber circuits that connect a large hospital in Winston-Salem to medical facilities in our service area, empowering 

them to use state-of-the-art technology for transmitting patient 

files and images. The efficiencies of our broadband network mean 

more opportunity for small business to start up and grow, and companies from around the world can reach our customers through the 

Internet. Ever since Yadkin Valley began operating in 1950, we 

have been proud to serve as the only provider to the most rural 

areas of North Carolina while other carriers chose to serve only the 

most profitable, densely populated towns. 

Broadband has become essential to doing business in the United 

States. The Small Business Administration reported in 2010 that 

90 percent of small businesses use broadband; 71 percent had a 

website; and over one-third are not satisfied with their Internet 

speed. Small, rural, community-based telecommunications providers alone contributed $14.5 billion to the economy in 2009 supporting 70,700 jobs through employment and purchasing goods and 

services. The Federal Universal Service Fund was created to support quality, reliable telecom service in high cost rural areas where 

low customer density, vast distances, and rugged terrain deter even 

the most optimistic business cases. Without universal service and 

intercarrier compensation, which is a system by which carriers 

compensate one another for the use of their networks, rural carriers would be forced to drastically reduce service or charge 

unaffordable prices, neither of which is consistent with longstanding national statutory policy. 

The FCC released its Universal Service Intercarrier Compensation Reform Order on November 18, 2011, with the aim of 

transitioning the program to explicitly support broadband service 

in rural America. However, the FCC’s order failed to adopt provisions promoting broadband service in small rural carrier service 

areas. It cuts existing cost recovery mechanisms for rural carriers 

retroactively and it proposed further notice of rulemaking with the 

potential for more cuts. 

In sum, rural providers will be expected to do more with less opportunity for cost recovery and do not even get the regulatory certainty they sought as a further notice hinders lending and investment. Reforming universal service and intercarrier compensation 

properly is essential to achieving our national goal of universal 

broadband access and to the livelihood of thousands of job creating 

small businesses. 

We can all be proud of our nation’s broadband progress over the 

past decade and the opportunities that broadband creates for small 

businesses to compete and thrive. This success has been made posVerDate Mar 15 2010 05:33 Nov 09, 2012 Jkt 076462 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\A462.XXX A462

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sible due to the unique cooperation between the industry, the 

American people, and policymakers, a partnership that will be essential to America’s quest to secure and maintain global broadband 

preeminence. Rural providers and the rural associations are eager 

to continue working with you to move forward aggressively to fulfill 

the national objective of making broadband universally available. 

Thank you for your attention to this matter. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you so much, Ms. Branon. And I 

failed to—you were well under our five minute time so I appreciate 

that. And I did fail to mention to the rest of the panel you will 

have five minutes to give your testimony. And if you can see the 

lights in front of you, it will stay green. And about the point where 

it is one minute left it will turn yellow. And then you will get a 

red light after that. But we are flexible here. We want to hear as 

much as we can, but if I have to I will cut you off. So I appreciate 

that. 

Our next witness is Mr. Roger Bundridge. See, I knew I was 

going to get it wrong and I apologize. It is kind of a tongue twister. 

Roger Bundridge. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Bundridge. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Bundridge. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Yes. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. See, I kept putting another R in there. 

That is my problem. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. That is fine. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Roger Bundridge. He is the general manager of NorthwestCell based in Maryville, Missouri. I did say that 

correct. Yes? 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Yes. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Is it Missouri to you or Missouri? 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. I use Missouri. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. And the Maryville, okay. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Maryville. Yes. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. It depends on where you are. I have 

learned this. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. That is right. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Okay. As he has held this position for the 

past 10 years where he has helped to grow from 12 to 29 employees. He is testifying on behalf of the Rural Cellular Association. 

Welcome, Mr. Bundridge. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Thank you, Chairwoman Ellmers. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. I am going to get it right by the end of 

this. So thank you for your testimony. And please proceed. 

STATEMENT OF ROGER BUNDRIDGE 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Chairwoman Ellmers, Ranking Member Richmond, and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to be here today. My name is Roger Bundridge and I am the 

general manager for NorthwestCell. 

NorthwestCell is headquartered in Maryville, Missouri, and provides mobile voice and broadband services to customers in five 

counties. NorthwestCell understands small business operations because we are a small business with 29 employees, one retail location, and 11 agent locations. We like to say that we are big enough 


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to serve you but small enough to know you. I also serve on the 

Board of Directors for the Rural Cellular Association, which represents over 100 competitive wireless carriers just like 

NorthwestCell. 

The areas that we serve are primarily rural and we take pride 

in our commitment and support of these communities. Smaller 

rural and regional wireless providers connect Americans throughout their communities which allow them to innovate and compete. 

For example, I recently met with a group of farmers that will utilize our mobile broadband service along with iPads to control and 

maximize planting and harvesting. NorthwestCell also provides 

broadband data to the Nodaway County Sheriff’s Department so 

that officers can access critical databases in real-time. 

NorthwestCell is the only company in our market that is capable 

of providing wireless 3G broadband service in both examples. 

In order to be able to continue to serve rural America, 

NorthwestCell and other competitive wireless carriers have four 

critical needs. One, sufficient and predictable service through the 

new universal service mechanisms; two, access to usable spectrum; 

three, access to cutting edge devices; and four, reasonable terms 

and conditions for roaming service. 

First, like most of the RCA members, NorthwestCell currently 

receives high cost support through universal service funding to construct, maintain, and upgrade high quality wireless networks at affordable prices in rural areas. Also, like many RCA members, 

NorthwestCell stands to lose all or a substantial portion of this 

funding as a result of the FCC’s recent USF reform efforts. As part 

of these efforts, the FCC is working to establish the Mobility Fund 

to provide support for mobile wireless services. Unfortunately, the 

$400 million in annual non-Tribal support budgeted for the ongoing 

Mobility Fund will not be sufficient to provide continued expansion. 

The FCC must allocate additional funding. In addition, it is critical 

that the funding be distributed based on a forward looking cost 

model rather than a single winner reverse auction. The use of reverse auction methodology will make it virtually impossible for a 

small business to compete for funding for mobile broadband. 

Second, increased consumer adoption of mobile services and the 

skyrocketing use of high speed data strains the carrier spectrum 

holdings. As capacity is exhausted, a carrier must acquire additional licenses either through the FCC auction or on the secondary 

market. The FCC’s authority to auction spectrum expires this year, 

and it is important that Congress extends this authority. In doing 

so, Congress must preserve the FCC’s flexibility to structure the 

auctions and license services in a manner that promotes competition and allows small businesses to participate. 

Third, carriers have difficulties accessing the latest and greatest 

devices. Exclusivity agreements between device manufacturers and 

the largest carriers have limited the number of devices available to 

small carriers where devices will only work on a specific slice of 

spectrum. We need devices to continue to expand our service. 

Finally, roaming is critical to connectivity. Customers expect 

their devices to work wherever they are. With the FCC’s Data 

Roaming Order last year, carriers are required to offer roaming for 

both voice and data services at fair and reasonable rates. The order 


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is being challenged in court and the smaller and regional carriers 

may be unable to provide their customers with broadband roaming 

on the larger carriers’ networks. 

Despite these challenges, NorthwestCell and wireless carriers 

like us play a critical role in the market. For us to remain competitive in an increasingly consolidated industry and to continue to expand service to difficult to serve areas, I strongly urge you to support policies at the FCC and in Congress that level the playing 

field and allow smaller carriers to grow. One, with sufficient and 

predictable universal service support for mobile broadband; two, for 

competitive access to spectrum; three, roaming on commercially 

reasonable rates; and four, to offer cutting edge devices. 

Thank you again for the opportunity to participate today. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you so much, Mr. Bundridge. 

And now I am going to turn to Ranking Member Richmond to introduce our next witness. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Chairwoman Ellmers, it is my honor to introduce 

to the panel and members in the audience Mr. Darrell West. Mr. 

Darrell West is the director of the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institution. He is the author of 18 books and 

is the winner of the American Political Science Association’s Don 

K. Price award for best book on technology. His current research 

focuses on technology policy, the Internet, health care, education, 

and privacy and security. Welcome, Mr. West. 

STATEMENT OF DARRELL M. WEST 

Mr. WEST. Thank you very much, Chairwoman Ellmers and 

Ranking Member Richmond. I appreciate the possibility of testifying before this Committee. 

As each of you pointed out in your opening statements, 

broadband is a crucial driver of job creation and economic development. Researchers have found a strong link between broadband innovation and overall economic prosperity. For example, a World 

Bank study of 120 nations found that each 10 percentage point increase in broadband penetration adds 1.3 percentage points to a 

country’s gross domestic product. So there is a huge economic payoff in terms of investment in this area. We are also seeing tremendous growth in terms of mobile broadband in particular. Within 

four years it has been estimated that mobile broadband will comprise about 80 percent of the total broadband subscriptions. So it 

will become the dominant means of Internet connectivity. The applications that are enabled both by mobile, as well as fixed line 

broadband are especially important for small businesses and rural 

communities because these platforms have become the crucial 

areas for innovation in entrepreneurship, health care, and in education. 

But in order to gain the benefits of broadband innovation there 

are three particular actions that we believe would further economic 

development and help small businesses. The first is in regard to 

the research and development tax credits. We argue that Congress 

should extend and make permanent the research and development 

tax credit. This is an example of our national short sightedness. Oftentimes the R&D tax credit gets extended on an annual basis. But 

rather than extend it over a longer period of time it gets renewed 


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episodically and never on a very predictable schedule. This ends up 

creating uncertainty and inefficiencies related to the vagaries of 

federal policymaking. Many other countries basically have made 

this permanent. They offer more favorable tax policies for infrastructure, development, and investment. So we argue first of all 

that we need to extend and make that tax credit permanent. 

Second, we support reasonable Universal Service Fund reform. 

As each of you knows, our current fund dates back to 1997 when 

the Internet was in its infancy and there was little social media or 

few mobile devices. We think it is time to update our policies so 

that small businesses and consumers can take advantage of 21st 

century digital tools. The world has shifted from a communications 

model based on telephones and mail to a digital economy that relies on the Internet, mobile phones, e-commerce, and social media. 

But yet the billions generated for the USF continue to focus almost 

exclusively on phone services. 

My Brookings colleague, Jeff Rosen, who is also a law professor 

at George Washington University, has undertaken research on the 

Universal Service Fund and he finds that the programs are inefficient, they are expensive, and they are redundant in what they 

provide. He finds examples where the costs for terrestrial fixed line 

service is much more expensive than mobile or satellite telephone 

services that are available in those very same communities. He 

finds some communities have multiple carriers each receiving high 

cost program subsidies. So we think it is time to update the Universal Service Fund to allow those living in underserved communities to use the funds to cover both voice as well as broadband 

services. 

We also support the idea of reverse auctions. David Wyld, who 

is a professor in Louisiana, has undertaken research on this. There 

are a number of federal agencies that already are using reverse 

auctions—the State Department, the Defense Department, and so 

on. He finds major cost savings of over 25 percent an increase in 

transparency. He also finds that more than 80 percent of the winning bids out of these reverse auctions have gone to small businesses. So they do not really benefit large companies; it is actually 

small companies. 

We support the use of incentive auctions in the spectrum area to 

reallocate a scarce spectrum. We think this is a good way for Congress not just to raise money for the federal budget but also provides a mechanism for companies to sell their unused spectrum. 

We think that the FCC should have the authority to set up the eligibility requirements for these auctions and also provide the licensing conditions that would then allow them to attach some provisions in order to further a particular goal. So with these actions we 

think small businesses would have a fair opportunity to gain the 

benefits in the new digital economy. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you so much, Mr. West. 

And our final witness is Ms. Becky Sanders. She is the director 

of the Indiana Telehealth Network based in Terre Haute, Indiana. 

She oversees the development and network administration of their 

60 remote health care facilities. She is testifying on behalf of the 

National Rural Health Association. Welcome. You have five minutes for your testimony. Thank you. 


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STATEMENT OF REBECCA SANDERS 

Ms. SANDERS. Thank you. Good afternoon, Chairwoman Ellmers, 

(coughed), Ranking Member Richmond, and members of the Subcommittee. I am honored to stand before you today. Thank you for 

the opportunity to testify today on behalf of the National Rural 

Health Association and the Indiana Rural Health Association. 

As Representative Ellmers said, the Indiana Telehealth Network 

has about 60 members right now. We are one of the 50 remaining 

projects under the FCC’s Rural Health Care Pilot Program. That 

program does allow for 85 percent subsidies for construction and 

monthly recurring services for rural health care providers. 

We have 35 critical access hospitals in the state of Indiana, about 

20 of them are participating in our network. We also have about 

20 community mental health centers participating in our network. 

We have found that with the buildout of over 200 miles of fiber 

constructed through the Federal Communications Commission’s 

Rural Health Care Pilot Program and the objective scoring process 

that is part of the Pilot Program, that it is the rural telephone companies who have been our most successful vendors. That is their 

market. They are friends and neighbors of the rural folks that are 

operating the hospitals, clinics, and the banks in the rural communities we serve. We have six very strong examples of public-private 

partnerships between local economic development organizations 

and health care organizations. The average standard fiber construction costs are about $44,000 per mile. While I agree with my 

colleague Mr. West that it is more expensive than a wireless setup, 

health care providers will not rely on wireless to do their day-today business for telepharmacy, for radiology, for transferring electronic medical records. They do not believe that it has the five 

nines of reliability that the PSTN was built upon. 

Based upon our experiences with the Rural Health Care pilot 

program, and the regular primary RHC program, we have found 

that there are a lot of administrative burdens, a lot of cumbersome 

forms that have to be filled out. When thinking about USF reform 

I would argue that streamlining these programs, and continuing to 

allow consortiums to work together in a public-private partnership 

arena is the best way to move forward. 

Universal Service Reform needs to happen but there still is a 

large need for subsidies. When telephone companies like Yadkin 

Valley Telephone were built about 100 years ago, many of them 

formed co-ops. Farmers and the rural communities that came together with doctors in the rural communities that wanted to have 

reliable phone service in areas that larger telecommunications companies would not serve. If we look at that kind of model again and 

we look back to those types of cooperatives, I think we will find a 

very good model going forward as we look at rolling out broadband 

to all Americans across the nation. 

Just a couple other things. We talk about America being the land 

of the dreams and I thought it was very interesting last night in 

Washington, DC, in my hotel when I was trying to do some final 

research for my comments today, that I did not have adequate 

wireless access in my hotel room to do what I needed to do. There 

are huge opportunities across the nation for wireline providers, and 

for wireless providers to work together to bring broadband services 


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to Americans. In those communities that I mentioned where we 

have very good public-private partnerships, it was the local economic development organizations that came to me and said, ‘‘Hey, 

I hear that you have this program that can help us get fiber to our 

community. Not only is it going to help the hospital; it is going to 

help the community. I have businesses that want to relocate here 

that will not do it unless we have reliable broadband in our community. So what do we need to do to sign on?’’ 

Thank you for your time today. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. Thank you so much, Ms. 

Sanders. And we will go right into questions. Thank you all for 

your opening statements. I will start with questions. This question 

is for everyone on the panel. And Ms. Sanders, since we ended with 

your testimony I will start with you first. 

The National Broadband Plan sets the goal of providing affordable broadband coverage to every American in the next decade. 

How would you evaluate the government’s performance so far? 

That is a big question. And how are you working to help reach 

these goals? And I know, Ms. Sanders, you have already addressed 

some of those. So, please, if you will. 

Ms. SANDERS. When you look at the National Broadband Plan— 

I believe it is in section 10—and in my written testimony I have 

included some exhibits that talk about the needs for health care 

providers; a minimum of five megabits for a single physician office 

is the recommended broadband connection for electronic medical 

records. For those in the health care industry, the adoption of 

Meaningful Use and electronic medical records is very important, 

in coming years healthcare providers will be penalized for not 

adopting electronic medical records. That is one of the reasons that 

adequate broadband access is so important. 

Programs like the USF Rural Health Care Program are a huge 

step forward. It has taken a lot of time to put our program together 

but I think we are at the tip of the iceberg. And as the years 

progress and as we continue to build trust and relationships with 

all of our health care participants and the vendors that we are 

working with, we will begin to see the benefits of what we have 

built. 

Mr. WEST. I would say that we have made tremendous progress 

in the national broadband area. Certainly, when you look at some 

of the interesting new applications that have cone online in terms 

of health care and education in particular, there are lots of exciting 

new things. But I think there is still a lot of work yet to be done. 

The general criticism that I would have is I think we just need 

more flexibility in how we are using the dollars. I mean, I think 

we are still tied to a telephone landline model in an era where we 

are moving from telephones to digital outreach. And even within 

the digital sphere we are moving from fixed lines to mobile. Within 

five lines most applications are going to be mobile. And I think 

even in the health care area there are exciting new opportunities 

developing in mobile health. We have done studies at Brookings in 

terms of some of these new programs that are going online. So I 

would just encourage Congress and certainly the various federal 

agencies to try and build a little more flexibility into some of these 

programs. 


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Mr. BUNDRIDGE. Speaking on behalf of NorthwestCell, my company in the last 10 years has constructed from 12 cell sites to 29– 

35 cell sites, I apologize. And we have even included 3G wireless 

service. I mentioned a couple examples where we have 3G service 

and we have been able to support farmers and public safety agencies. We have done this through the support of USF and the system 

that we have been currently using has been working. And for the 

past three years our company has been under a cap and still we 

are not contributing to the growth of the fund. So we are still continuing to offer broadband service in our region. And we continue, 

in order to migrate to 4G services and support the growth of mobile 

broadband service we need to continue to receive funding to help 

do that in unserved areas. 

Ms. BRANON. At Yadkin Valley Telephone we have made a lot of 

progress towards our broadband deployment. Since 2005, we have 

spent a little bit over $40 million on fiber to the home. We have 

not gotten to all of our customers yet but we are certainly working 

on that and we are constantly hearing from small businesses how 

they need more speed, more speed. And we are able to do that with 

the fiber but even now with the download speeds that we are offering in those areas up to 25 meg, we are now hearing they would 

have demands for higher speeds, the upload speeds. 

So they want it both ways now and that is a requirement. And 

we have also seen a lot of small businesses in our territory taking 

advantage of the broadband. We recently had a company, Southern 

Farm Supply, and we installed 12 computers there. We actually are 

their IT provider as well. And obviously they are—and they use our 

firewall service also, so they are using the Internet for their business and they are in our area. We have another trucking dispatching company that has been able to put people in their homes 

to work out of to do the dispatching because of the broadband that 

we provide to them. So that has been a great efficiency builder for 

them and has enabled those people to work out of home. 

We have also had a couple of different companies who have 

bought IP phone systems. They are in the rural areas and these 

enable them to connect with other companies outside of our area 

as if they are on the same phone system. The IP system is doing 

great. 

As far as the broadband plan, we were fortunate enough to last 

year receive the loan grant dollars. So that is going to enable us 

to get even to the more rural areas where you have hardly, you 

know, very, very few customers per mile. But we can only use that 

money in underserved areas. We cannot use that in our home territory, but we are taking advantage of that. And that is working 

along well. 

We are striving to get 25 meg out to all of our customers over 

the next several years but with the regulatory uncertainty with the 

Universal Service Fund, you know, it really makes us weary of 

really committing ourselves to a lot of investment right now and 

not knowing what the future is going to be because we really rely 

on the universal service and intercarrier compensation to help us 

recover the cost of our network. 

And we have a lot of users on our network. You know, we have 

long distance carriers and we work with the wireless carriers to 


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carry traffic. So lots of times for the heavy traffic, when it hits a 

tower they then connect to our fiber, which you have to have that 

to be a carrier for the heavy data usage that is coming and is already here. Thank you. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. And I have one more question 

for now and this question is for Ms. Sanders. 

In your testimony, or excuse me, let me back up. I am looking 

at the wrong one. Earlier today the Gallup Poll actually put out 

some poll data that I think speaks volumes. Forty-eight percent of 

small businesses are not hiring new employees due to rising health 

care costs; and 46 percent are focused on uncertainties in the new 

government regulations. 

So my question for you is the effect of the broadband on health 

care. Do you feel, or how do you characterize the access of 

broadband in reducing the costs of health care for your facilities? 

And do you believe it has helped small business health care facilities become more independent and viable? 

Ms. SANDERS. That is a really good question. I wish I had a crystal ball. 

There is a lot of uncertainty in health care reform as well as Universal Service Reform and intercarrier compensation. And the answers to those questions will help us solve and answer this question. 

From the rural health practitioner standpoint, I have seen a lot 

of use of telemedicine over our network and other networks that we 

have been in touch with. With electronic medical records, just like 

any new technology, or any new procedure, there is a little bit of 

chaos at the beginning, but once things calm down most practitioners are finding that they are able to see more patients and be 

more productive with electronic medical records. 

Now, in a telehealth situation, a specialist could stay in an urban 

area and see patients all over the world. That makes for an even 

more productive workday. Without telehealth, many physicians 

today from metropolitan areas in Indiana will spend one day a 

week on the road, traveling to various rural sites and see patients, 

maybe once a month in any given rural community. The physicians 

have a lot of travel time on the road. They are not nearly as productive as they could be over telemedicine. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you so much for that input. 

And now I am going to yield to Ranking Member Richmond for 

his questions. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Thank you, Chairwoman. 

I will start with just a small story. My mother is from the poorest place in the country, which is Lake Providence, Louisiana. 

When we talk about broadband and we talk about how that affects 

small and poor communities, when I visit there, the restaurants 

lose money and the hotels lose money because I will not say there. 

I will drive 30 miles to Vicksburg so that I can have broadband and 

cell service as opposed to staying in my mother’s hometown and 

renting a hotel and eating there at night. And we typically do not 

think about the economic development in those terms. But if you 

do not have it, you are not staying there, especially people who are 

hooked to their devices and people who have to use it for their 


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business. I guess I will start with Mr. West for my first question 

then. 

We have heard a lot of compelling testimony that broadband 

connectivity has become a critical economic driver of the U.S. economy. Small firms in particular rely on broadband networks to expand their markets and become more competitive. To that extent, 

do you believe that broadband-related dollars could translate quickly into jobs for American workers? 

Mr. WEST. Absolutely. I mean, broadband is clearly a huge driver 

of job creation. As I pointed out in my testimony, if we just increase 

people’s access to broadband we are going to raise GDP on average 

1.3 percentage points. So right now the United States is roughly at 

about a 70 percentage Internet usage level so there still are 30 percent of Americans who are outside the digital revolution. So if we 

can just improve access by getting costs down and by improving 

digital literacy programs we can get broadband out to underserved 

communities, both in rural as well as in urban areas, there is going 

to be an economic payoff. Small business is going to be a big beneficiary of that because a lot of the high tech jobs really are being 

created at the small business level. So anything we can do to ease 

the regulatory burden, improve access, and boost Internet 

broadband usage is going to pay off economically. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Thank you. And Mr. Bundridge, considering 

what Mr. West just described, I guess looking at the reports by the 

FCC and USDA with the impact of broadband on farming and tourism, for small rural carriers how do you promote greater adoption 

among small businesses in your local communities? 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. I think since I live within the areas that I serve 

I have a personal relationship with those small businesses and the 

people in those communities. Within my market we have a county, 

Worth County, Missouri, and it is actually one of the poorest counties in Missouri. There are 2,000 people in that county, and my 

company decided to go in and build a cell site there five years ago. 

I received a petition from somebody there within the community 

wanting service and so we moved forward on that. We started off. 

We worked with the city and we put something on a water tower. 

It just let us come in here and at a low cost try to create some service for you. And we went in and did that and we started getting 

customers out of it. So the perception that it was a poor county 

caused companies to stay out of it. Today we have—over 50 percent 

of the customer base there has our service and in turn, since they 

have our service, you know, we find ourselves supporting the 

schools and the small businesses within that community on a regular basis since it is, you know, since we have such a large customer base there now as a percentage of the customers. 

So I think to go into some of these communities in these rural 

areas that you mentioned, there is a lot of need there. And there 

are a lot of people that need broadband, mobile broadband, along 

with fixed broadband services. And companies like ours are the 

ones that are going to go in there since we have a personal relationship with those communities to build that out. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Ms. Branon, we know that many of the rural 

service providers face high deployment costs associated with serving low density areas. How is your business dealing with those 


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costs? And as an industry, where do we stand with respect to deployment of broadband services in rural and high cost areas? 

Ms. BRANON. We have, like I mentioned a minute ago, we have taken advantage of the BIP Loan Grant. We received a $22 million 

half loan, half grant, and we look advantage of that. We have slowly started, you know, we started building out our fiber to the home 

network, which goes to homes and businesses in 2005. And as far 

as the high cost with that, we were fortunate that we did not have 

to borrow a lot to do that but ongoing we are going to have to think 

about ways we are going to have to do things differently. And that 

is where the whole thing with the Universal Service Fund is very 

scary for us because we are not sure how we are going to be able 

to move forward with that uncertainty with what is going on with 

that. 

Mr. RICHMOND. With the grant that you all received, what was 

the process like to get it? 

Ms. BRANON. It was very cumbersome. A lot of paperwork. It 

took us, you know, we had to hire outside engineers to help us do 

the paperwork. There was so much involved with that. We had to 

do in-depth analysis of who else was serving in those areas, if we 

had competition, and were they truly underserved? Because they 

had to be underserved to get that dollar. So we spent a lot of 

money doing the application. And then we had to go through the 

waiting process to see if we were going to get it. You know, we put 

in a lot of dollars to get that loan grant. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Do you have any idea how much you all spent? 

Ms. BRANON. Just the pre-loan work, I would say $100,000 to $150,000 pre-loan. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Madam Chairwoman, I yield back now and then 

we can see if we can kind of get through. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Just so you are aware, I have another 

question I would like to ask all of you. It is really kind of a three 

part question but we have been called for a vote so we are going 

to continue on but they will hold it open. So we have got a few 

more minutes. 

Basically, my last question for all of you is how do you keep 

track of the variety of federal regulations that are coming down in 

Washington, number one. And how does this influence your business strategy? And lastly to that question I would like to ask you, 

if you could eliminate one federal regulation, what would it be? 

And I will start with you, Ms. Sanders. 

Ms. SANDERS. Wow. Can I go last? Keeping track of things, the 

Indiana Rural Health Association has 13 employees—or I am sorry, 

12 employees. We do our best to keep track of things. We each have 

our own little areas that we keep an eye on as far as federal 

grants, that type of thing. It is very difficult to know. 

For example, yesterday I was at a meeting. We were talking 

about rural EMS services and somebody said, ‘‘Oh, hey, did you see 

this grant? This would be perfect for you guys.’’ I had no knowledge 

of it so she sent it over. 

In an effort towards reducing paperwork, and administrative 

work, we use grants.gov. But if there was a better way to consolidate all of the different grants it would be very helpful. For example, we have talked about BIP and BTOP a little bit, as well as 


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USDA funding. Keeping track of all of the different grant opportunities is a very difficult process. 

And to reduce legislation, not necessarily legislation but just 

streamlining of government programs more work between government agencies. As a FCC rural health care pilot program, we 

looked at BIP and BTOP. We estimated maybe $100,000 on paperwork to try and apply for that. We did not have it. WE did not 

have the manpower. We did not have the money to hire anybody 

to do it. So we could not even think about taking advantage of that 

particular program. 

The more that the federal government can do to streamline the 

processes and reduce administrative burden, the better off we all 

will be. 

For example, the FCC Pilot Program does not include any administrative assistance at all. So we had to go to outside sources or resort to membership fees to cover our own costs. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. Mr. West. 

Mr. WEST. I will try and keep my comments brief because I know 

you have time constraints. 

I agree with many of the comments that have been made and 

certainly, you are right. There are a huge number of federal regulatory requirements that stifle innovation, especially in the technology area, so whatever we can do to ease the burden there would 

be helpful. One particular thing that I would highlight in terms of 

things the federal government could do is to keep free and unlicensed spectrum because I think particularly when you are thinking about the small business community, it is the freedom and license spectrum that, you know, mothers use for baby monitors, 

people with smartphones use to access the Internet, and a wide variety of small businesses use to communicate with their customers. 

And so, you know, in the recent budget debates there has been a 

proposal to kind of limit the free and unlicensed spectrum. I think 

that would be devastating for small businesses and would have a 

very negative impact on entrepreneurs. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. I depend on my trade organization, Rural Cellular Association, to keep up on issues. As far as your question 

what burdens our companies, there are many things. I would tend 

to think though the administration or administrative burdens and 

streamlining policies that help foster small businesses like mine to 

compete. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. 

Ms. BRANON. At Yadkin Valley, we rely heavily on NTCA, which 

is the National Telephone Cooperative Association. They do a great 

job of keeping us informed. We do also use some consultants for 

that kind of thing, who help us do some regulatory things that 

come across. New things that we have not dealt with before, we 

rely on those outside consultants. And I will have to agree with 

them; the administrative, you know, all the paperwork, all the 

extra things we have to do, especially like with the loan grant. We 

just went through an audit with that and there is a lot of time involved. We had a RUS auditor just left earlier this week and it is 

a lot. 


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Chairwoman ELLMERS. Ranking Member Richmond will have another question. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Right. Hopefully we can keep it short. I am not 

as confident as the Chairwoman, especially being in the minority 

and being a new member that they are going to keep the machine 

open for me. And the truth of the matter is as soon as they get to 

the votes I think the Chairwoman is in trouble, too, as soon as they 

get to the number they need. 

Seriously, looking at, the recommendations that have come from 

you all, I was trying to take notes. One was leveling the playing 

field, predictable universal service support, competitive access to 

spectrum, roaming, commercial reasonable rates and availability of 

cutting edge, interoperable devices, and making the R&D tax credit 

permanent so that people can properly plan and know that it is 

going to be there and can invest and calculate their business model 

accordingly. Is there anything else that you can think of in like a 

minute or so that we should look at that can be a legislative fix 

or something through the administration that you think could help 

what we are trying to accomplish? 

Mr. WEST. I mean, one issue I would highlight is the need for 

digital literacy programs because particularly with that 30 percent 

of Americans who are outside the Internet revolution, I mean, some 

of it is costs, so reducing costs will help. But for a fair number of 

these people it is like they do not know how to use the Internet, 

they do not know how to set up their computers, they do not know 

the virtue of the computers. I grew up on a farm and I remember 

earlier the United States had the Agricultural Extension Service to 

kind of go out and train people on new techniques. For the digital 

world we need to think about the same type of thing. 

Mr. BUNDRIDGE. I think about education. Looking at e-readers. 

A lot of people in these small communities do not have access to 

Internet. If they could access Internet through an e-reader, through 

a mobile product, or a fixed product, then I think that would drastically help our education. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Ms. Branon. 

Ms. BRANON. I do not really have a comment about that right 

now. 

Mr. RICHMOND. Thank you very much. 

Chairwoman ELLMERS. Thank you. And thank you to all of our 

distinguished panel today for your participation. Your input is very 

important to us. 

This Subcommittee will continue to closely follow the actions of 

the federal government in expanding broadband to small businesses. I look forward to working with my colleagues to ensure that 

the federal policies do not obstruct the private sector investment in 

broadband infrastructure, as this will have an adverse impact on 

small businesses and their ability to grow. 

I ask unanimous consent that members have five legislative days 

to submit statements and supporting materials for the record. 

Without objection, so ordered. 

This hearing is now adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 1:50 p.m., the Subcommittee hearing was adjourned.] 


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