1 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

FINAL REGULATION ORDER 

Set forth below are the proposed amendments to title 13 of the California Code of 

Regulations. Amendments to existing section proposed and subject to comment 

in this rulemaking are shown in underline to indicate additions and strikeout to 

indicate deletions. Subsections for which no changes are proposed in this 

rulemaking are indicated with [No change] or “* * * *”. 

Amend Sections 1900, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1961, 1961.2, 1961.3, 1962.1, 1962.2, 

and 1976, Title 13, California Code of Regulations to read as follows: 

§ 1900. Definitions.

* * * * 

 (b) In addition to the definitions incorporated under subdivision (a), the 

following definitions shall govern the provisions of this chapter; 

* * * * 

 (22) “Small volume manufacturer” means, with respect to the 2001 and 

subsequent model-years, a manufacturer with California sales less than 4,500 

new passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty 

vehicles and heavy-duty engines based on the average number of vehicles sold 

for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer seeks 

certification as a small volume manufacturer; however, for manufacturers 

certifying for the first time in California model-year sales shall be based on 

projected California sales. A manufacturer’s California sales shall consist of all 

vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in 

California, except that vehicles or engines produced by the manufacturer and 

marketed in California by another manufacturer under the other manufacturer’s 

nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing manufacturer. 

Except as provided in the next paragraph, for the 2009 through 2017 model 

years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following 

situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 10% or 

greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms 

if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) 

vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) 

who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles 

imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity. 
2 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the 

Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume 

manufacturer” for the 2015 2013 through 2017 model years if the Executive 

Officer determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 10% 

or more of the applicant or has a greater than 10% equity ownership in the 

applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection 

(b)(22). 

 

For purposes of compliance with the zero-emission vehicle requirements, heavyduty vehicles and engines shall not be counted as part of a manufacturer’s sales. 

For purposes of applying the 2005 through 2017 model year zero-emission 

vehicle requirements for small-volume manufacturers under sections 1962(b) and 

1962.1(b), the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the case 

of (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, each one of which either has a 

greater than 50% equity ownership in another or is more than 50% owned by 

another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms if a third party has 

equity ownership of greater than 50% in each firm. Notwithstanding the 

provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the Executive Officer, a 

manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume manufacturer” for the 2015 

2013 through 2017 model years if the Executive Officer determines that it is 

operationally independent of the firm that owns 50% or more of the applicant or 

has a greater than 50% equity ownership in the applicant based on the criteria 

provided in the last paragraph of this subsection (b)(22). 

Except as provided in the next paragraph, for the 2018 and subsequent model 

years, the annual sales from different firms shall be aggregated in the following 

situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of which is 33.4% or 

greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more firms 

if a third party has equity ownership of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3) 

vehicles produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) 

who is (are) responsible for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles 

imported or distributed by any firms where the vehicles are manufactured by the 

same entity and the importer or distributor is an authorized agent of the entity. 

Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph, upon application to the 

Executive Officer, a manufacturer may be classified as a “small volume 

manufacturer” for the 2018 and subsequent model years if the Executive Officer 

determines that it is operationally independent of the firm that owns 33.4% or 

more of the applicant or has a greater than 33.4% equity ownership in the 

applicant based on the criteria provided in the last paragraph of this subsection 

(b)(22). 

For the purposes of this paragraph, all manufacturers whose annual sales are 

aggregated together under the provisions of this subsection (b)(22) shall be 

defined as “related manufacturers.” Notwithstanding such aggregation, the 

Executive Officer may make a determination of operational independence if all of 
3 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

the following criteria are met for at least 24 months preceding the application 

submittal: (1) for the three years preceding the year in which the initial application 

is submitted, the average California sales for the applicant does not exceed 

4,500 vehicles per year; (2) no financial or other support of economic value is 

provided by related manufacturers for purposes of design, parts procurement, 

R&D and production facilities and operation, and any other transactions between 

related manufacturers are conducted under normal commercial arrangements 

like those conducted with other parties, at competitive pricing rates to the 

manufacturer; (3) related manufacturers maintain separate and independent 

research and development, testing, and production facilities; (4) the applicant 

related manufacturers does not use any vehicle powertrains or platforms 

developed or produced by related manufacturers; (5) patents are not held jointly 

with related manufacturers; (6) related manufacturers maintain separate 

business administration, legal, purchasing, sales, and marketing departments, as 

well as autonomous decision-making on commercial matters; (7) the overlap of 

the Board of Directors between related manufacturers is limited to 25% with no 

sharing of top operational management, including president, chief executive 

officer, chief financial officer, and chief operating officer, and provided that no 

individual overlapping director or combination of overlapping directors exercises 

exclusive management control over either or both companies; and (8) parts or 

components supply between related companies must be established through 

open market process, and to the extent that the manufacturer sells 

parts/components to non-related manufacturers, it does so through the open 

market a competitive pricing. Any manufacturer applying for operational 

independence must submit to ARB an Attestation Engagement from an 

independent certified public accountant or firm of such accountants verifying the 

accuracy of the information contained in the application, as defined by and in 

accordance with the procedures established in 40 C.F.R. §80.125, as last 

amended January 19, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference. The 

applicant must submit information to update any of the above eight criteria as 

material changes to any of the criteria occur. If there are no material changes to 

any of the criteria, the applicant must certify that to the Executive Officer 

annually. With respect to any such changes, the Executive Officer may consider 

extraordinary conditions (e.g., changes to economic conditions, unanticipated 

market changes, etc.) and may continue to find the applicant to be operationally 

independent. In the event that a manufacturer loses eligibility as a “small volume 

manufacturer” after a material change occurs, the manufacturer must begin 

compliance with the primary emissions program in the third model year after the 

model year in which the manufacturer loses its eligibility. The Executive Officer 

may, in his or her discretion, re-establish lost “small volume manufacturer” status 

if the manufacturer shows that it has met the operational independence criteria 

for three consecutive years. 

 

* * * * 
4 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101 and 43104, Health and 

Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39010, 39500, 40000, 43000, 43013, 43018.5, 

43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43106 and 43204, Health and Safety Code; and 

Section 27156, Vehicle Code.

 
5 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1956.8. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1985 and 

Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Engines and Vehicles. 

* * * * 

(b) Test Procedures. The test procedures for determining compliance with 

standards applicable to 1985 and subsequent model heavy-duty diesel engines 

and vehicles and the requirements for participating in the averaging, banking and 

trading programs, are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 1985 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Engines 

and Vehicles, “ adopted April 8, 1985, as last amended December 12, 2002, the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and 

Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Diesel-Engines and Vehicles,” adopted 

December 12, 2002, as last amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, and 

the “California Interim Certification Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model 

Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes,” 

adopted October 24, 2002, which are incorporated by reference herein. 

 

(c)(1)(A) 

* * * * 

(3) Optional Standards for Complete and Incomplete Heavy-Duty 

Vehicles that Use Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines. Manufacturers may request 

to group complete and incomplete heavy-duty Otto-cycle vehicles into the same 

test group as Otto-cycle vehicles certifying to the LEV III exhaust emission 

standards and test procedures specified in title 13, CCR, §1961.2, so long as 

those complete and incomplete heavy-duty Otto-cycle vehicles meet the most 

stringent LEV III standards to which any vehicle within that test group certifies. 

(d) The test procedures for determining compliance with standards 

applicable to 1987 and subsequent model heavy-duty Otto-cycle engines and 

vehicles are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 1987 through 2003 Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines and 

Vehicles,” adopted April 25, 1986, as last amended December 27, 2000, the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and 

Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines,” adopted December 27, 

2000, as last amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, the “California NonMethane Organic Gas Test Procedures,” adopted July 12, 1991, as last 

amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, and the “California Interim 

Certification Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Hybrid-Electric 

Vehicles, in the Urban Bus and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Classes,” adopted October 

24, 2002, which are incorporated by reference herein. 

* * * * 
6 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

(h) The exhaust emissions from new: 

* * * * 

(5) Optional Standards for Complete and Incomplete Heavy-Duty Vehicles 

that Use Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines. Manufacturers may request to group 

complete and incomplete heavy-duty diesel vehicles into the same test group as 

medium-duty diesel vehicles certifying to the LEV III exhaust emission standards 

and test procedures specified in title 13, CCR, §1961.2, so long as those 

complete and incomplete heavy-duty diesel vehicles meet the most stringent LEV 

III standards to which any vehicle within that test group certifies. 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43102, 

43104, 43105, 43106, 43107 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, Vehicle 

Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43017, 43018, 

43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43202, 43204, 43205, 43205.5, 

43206, 43210, 43211, 43212, 43213 and 43806, Health and Safety Code; and Section 28114, 

Vehicle Code. 
7 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1960.1. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 1981 through 

2006 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

* * * * 

 (r) 4000-Mile Supplemental FTP Emission Standards. The 

Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) standards in this section are the 

maximum SFTP exhaust emissions at 4,000 miles + 250 miles or at the mileage 

determined by the manufacturer for emission-data vehicles in accordance with 

the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1988 

Through 2000 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles,” as incorporated by reference in section 1960.1(k), and with the 

“California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as incorporated by reference in section 

1961(d). The SFTP exhaust emission levels from new 2001 through 20202021 

model low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles and super-ultra-lowemission vehicles in the passenger car and light-duty truck class certifying to the 

LEV II exhaust emission standards in section 1961, and new 2003 through 2020 

2021 model low-emission vehicles, ultra-low-emission vehicles, and super-ultralow-emission vehicles in the medium-duty class certifying to the LEV II exhaust 

emission standards in section 1961, shall not exceed: 

* * * * 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health 

and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 

43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43103, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107 and 43204-43205.5, Health 

and Safety Code.

 
8 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1961. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2004 through 

2019 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Introduction. This section 1961 contains the California “LEV II” exhaust emission 

standards for 2004 through 2019 model passenger cars, light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the 

exhaust standards in section 1961(a) applicable to specific test groups, and with 

the composite phase-in requirements in section 1961(b) applicable to the 

manufacturer’s entire fleet. Section 1961(b) also includes the manufacturer’s 

fleet-wide composite phase-in requirements for the 2001 - 2003 model years. 

* * * * 

 (a) Exhaust Emission Standards.

(1) “LEV II” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new 

2004 through 2019 model-year “LEV II” LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, including 

fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on the gaseous or 

alcohol fuel they are designed to use. 2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV 

vehicles may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission standards 

numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as applicable, in subsection 

1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 

1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards 

in this subsection (a)(1) and subsection (a)(4); and LEV II ULEV vehicles may be 

certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission standards numerical values 

for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) 

and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), 

in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this 

subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

subsection (a)(4).; and LEV II SULEV vehicles may be certified to the 

NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, or SULEV230, as 

applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and 

NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding 

NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4) 2015 – 2019 model-year LEV 

II SULEV vehicles that receive a partial ZEV allowance in accordance with the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 

2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and 2015 – 

2016 model year vehicles that are allowed to certify to LEV II SULEV standards 

using “carryover” of emission test data under the provisions in subsection 

1961.2(b)(2) may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission 

standards for SULEV30, SULEV170, or SULEV230, as applicable, in subsection 

1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 
9 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards 

in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG numerical values in 

subsection (a)(4). LEV II SULEV vehicles that do not either (1) receive a partial 

ZEV allowance or (2) certify to LEV II SULEV standards in the 2015 – 2016 

model years using “carryover” of emission test data may not certify to combined 

NMOG+NOx standards. 

* * * * 

(b) Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

(1) Fleet Average NMOG Requirements for Passenger Cars and LightDuty Trucks. 

(A) The fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust mass 

emission values from the passenger cars and light-duty trucks certified to the Tier 

1, LEV I, and LEV II standards that are produced and delivered for sale in 

California each model year from 2001 through 2014 by a manufacturer other than 

a small volume manufacturer or an independent low volume manufacturer shall 

not exceed: 
10 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR 

LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES

(50,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis) 

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG (grams per mile) 

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. 

LVW 

LDTs 

 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVW 

2001 0.070 0.098 

2002 0.068 0.095 

2003 0.062 0.093 

2004 0.053 0.085 

2005 0.049 0.076 

2006 0.046 0.062 

2007 0.043 0.055 

2008 0.040 0.050 

2009 0.038 0.047 

2010 through 

20141 

0.035 0.043 

1 For the 2014 model year only, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

values in subsection 1961.2(b)(1)(A) in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in 

this table. A manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements 

for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average 

requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate 

its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards. 

* * * * 

(d) Test Procedures. The certification requirements and test procedures 

for determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set 

forth in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model 

Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as amended 

March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, the “California Non-Methane Organic Gas 

Test Procedures,” as amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, which are 

incorporated herein by reference. In the case of hybrid electric vehicles and 

on-board fuel-fired heaters, the certification requirements and test procedures for 

determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set forth 

in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2005 

through 2008 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 2001 through 2008 Model 
11 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and MediumDuty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962, the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference 

in section 1962.1, and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2. 

* * * * 

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105 and 

43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 

43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204 and 43205, Health 

and Safety Code. 

 
12 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1961.2. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles.

Introduction. This section 1961.2 contains the California “LEV III” exhaust 

emission standards for 2015 and subsequent model year passenger cars, lightduty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate 

compliance with the exhaust standards in subsection (a) applicable to specific 

test groups, and with the composite phase-in requirements in subsection (b) 

applicable to the manufacturer’s entire fleet. 

Before the 2015 model year, a manufacturer that produces vehicles that meet the 

standards in subsection (a) has the option of certifying the vehicles to those 

standards, in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV III vehicles for 

purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. Similarly, 2015 - 2019 modelyear vehicles may be certified to the “LEV II” exhaust emission standards in 

subsection 1961(a)(1), in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV II 

vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. 

A manufacturer has the option of certifying engines used in incomplete and 

diesel medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 

10,000 lbs. GVW to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures set 

forth in title 13, CCR, subsections 1956.8(c) and (h). All medium-duty vehicles 

with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. GVW, 

including incomplete otto-cycle medium-duty vehicles and medium-duty vehicles 

that use diesel cycle engines, must be certified to the LEV III chassis standards 

and test procedures set forth in this section 1961.2 in 2020 and subsequent 

model years. 

* * * * 

(a) Exhaust Emission Standards.

(1) “LEV III” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and 

subsequent model year “LEV III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty vehicles, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual-fuel vehicles when operating 

on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use. 2015 – 2019 modelyear LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx 

emission standards numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as 

applicable, in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx 

exhaust emission standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and the corresponding 

NMOG numerical values in subsection 1961(a)(4); and LEV II ULEV vehicles 

may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx emission standards numerical 
13 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in this subsection 

(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4), 

in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in 

subsections 1961(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG numerical values in 

subsection 1961(a)(4).; and LEV II SULEV vehicles may be certified to the 

NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, or SULEV230, as 

applicable, in subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust 

emission standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4). 2015 – 2019 

model-year LEV II SULEV vehicles that receive a partial ZEV allowance in 

accordance with the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes” and 2015 – 2016 model year vehicles that are allowed to certify 

to LEV II SULEV standards using “carryover” of emission test data under the 

provisions in subsection (b)(2) may be certified to the 150,000 mile NMOG+NOx 

emission standards for SULEV30, SULEV170, or SULEV230, as applicable, in 

this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in subsection 1961(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG numerical 

values in subsection 1961(a)(4). LEV II SULEV vehicles that do not either (1) 

receive a partial ZEV allowance or (2) certify to LEV II SULEV standards in the 

2015 – 2016 model years using “carryover” of emission test data may not certify 

to combined NMOG+NOx standards. Such LEV II vehicles that certify to 

combined NMOG+NOx standards will be treated as LEV II vehicles for purposes 

of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements. 
14 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent 

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Vehicle Type 

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis 

(mi) 

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category2

NMOG + 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen 

(g/mi) 

Carbon 

Monoxide 

(g/mi) 

Formaldehyde 

(mg/mi) 

Particulates1

(g/mi) 

All PCs; 

LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR 

or less; 

MDPVs 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

loaded vehicle weight 

150,000 

LEV160 0.160 4.2 4 0.01

ULEV125 0.125 2.1 4 0.01

ULEV70 0.070 1.7 4 0.01

ULEV50 0.050 1.7 4 0.01

SULEV30 0.030 1.0 4 0.01 

SULEV20 0.020 1.0 4 0.01 

MDVs 

8501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVWR 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight 

150,000 

LEV395 0.395 6.4 6 0.12 

ULEV340 0.340 3.26.4 6 0.06 

ULEV250 0.250 2.6.4 6 0.06

ULEV200 0.200 2.64.2 6 0.06

SULEV170 0.170 1.54.2 6 0.06

SULEV150 0.150 1.53.2 6 0.06

MDVs 

10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVWR 

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight 

150,000 

LEV630 0.630 7.3 6 0.12

ULEV570 0.570 3.7.3 6 0.06

ULEV400 0.400 3.07.3 6 0.06

ULEV270 0.270 3.04.2 6 0.06

SULEV230 0.230 1.74.2 6 0.06

SULEV200 0.200 1.73.7 6 0.06

1

 These standards shall apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in of the particulate standards set 

forth in subsection (a)(2). 

2

 The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+NOx value in thousandths of grams per mile. 

(2) “LEV III” Particulate Standards.

(A) Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a 

manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage 

of its passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty passenger vehicle 

fleet to the following particulate standards according to the following phase-in 

 
15 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

schedule. These standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed 

at full useful life. All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must 

certify to the LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1). 

* * * * 

(D) Alternative Phase-in Schedule for Particulate Standards. 

1. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 3 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in 

schedule to comply with the 3 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in 

requirements as long as equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved 

by the 2021 model year from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission reductions shall 

be calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles 

meeting the 3 mg/mi particulate standard in a given model year (based on 

a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 

5 for the 2017 model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019 

model year, 2 for the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. 

The yearly results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together 

to determine a cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. In the 2021 

model year, tThe cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 490, 

and 100 percent of the manufacturer’s passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles must be certified to the 3 mg/mi 

particulate standard, in the 2021 model year to be considered equivalent. 

A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2017 model year 

(e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) 

to the cumulative total. 

2. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the 1 mg/mi Particulate 

Standard for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles. A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in 

schedule to comply with the 1 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in 

requirements as long as equivalent PM emission reductions are achieved 

by the 2028 model year from passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year emission reductions shall 

be calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles 

meeting the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in a given model year (based on 

a manufacturer's projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 

4 for the 2025 model year, 3 for the 2026 model year, 2 for the 2027 

model year, and 1 for the 2028 model year. The yearly results for 

PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a 

cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. In the 2028 model year, 

tThe cumulative total must be equal to or greater than 500, and 100 

percent of the manufacturer’s passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 
16 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

medium-duty passenger vehicles must be certified to the 1 mg/mi 

particulate standard, in the 2028 model year to be considered equivalent. 

A manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2025 model year 

(e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2024 would be multiplied by 4) 

to the cumulative total. 

3. Alternative Phase-in Schedules for the Particulate Standards for 

Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. A 

manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply with the 

particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM 

emission reductions are achieved by the 2021 model year from mediumduty vehicles other than medium-duty passenger vehicles. Model year 

emission reductions shall be calculated by multiplying the total percent of 

MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM 

standard, as applicable, in a given model year (based on a manufacturer's 

projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 5 for the 2017 

model year, 4 for the 2018 model year, 3 for the 2019 model year, 2 for 

the 2020 model year, and 1 for the 2021 model year. The yearly results 

for MDVs shall be summed together to determine a cumulative total for 

MDVs. In the 2021 model year, tThe cumulative total must be equal to or 

greater than 490, and 100 percent of the manufacturer’s MDVs must be 

certified to the 8 mg/mi PM standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM standard, as 

applicable, in the 2021 model year to be considered equivalent. A 

manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the 2017 model year 

(e.g., the percent of vehicles introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) 

to the cumulative total. 

* * * * 

(7) Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) Off-Cycle Emission 

Standards. 

(A) SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

Manufacturers shall certify 2015 and subsequent model year LEVs, ULEVs, and 

SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes to either the SFTP NMOG+NOx and 

CO Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards set forth in subsection (a)(7)(A)1, 

or in accordance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection 

(a)(7)(A)2. A manufacturer may also certify 2014 model LEVs, ULEVs, or 

SULEVs in the PC, LDT, or MDPV classes to LEV III SFTP standards, in which 

case, the manufacturer shall be subject to the LEV III SFTP emission standards 

and requirements, including the sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx 

composite emission standard applicable to 2015 model vehicles if choosing to 

comply with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection (a)(7)(A)2. 
17 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

The manufacturer shall notify the Executive Officer of its selected emission 

standard type in the Application for Certification of the first test group certifying to 

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards on a 150,000 mile durability 

basis. Once an emission standard type for NMOG+NOx and CO is selected for a 

fleet, and the Executive Officer is notified of such selection, the selection must be 

kept through the 2025 model year for the entire fleet, which includes LEV II 

vehicles if selecting to comply with subsection (a)(7)(A)2. The manufacturer may 

not change its selection until the 2026 model year. Test groups not certifying to 

the 150,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards pursuant to this 

subsection (a)(7)(A) shall be subject to the 4,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and 

CO emission standards set forth in subsection 1960.1(r). 

* * * * 

2. SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards. For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

selecting this option must certify LEV II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and 

SULEVs, such that the manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx composite emission value does not exceed the applicable 

NMOG+NOx composite emission standard set forth in the following table. In 

addition, the CO composite emission value of any LEV III test group shall not 

exceed the CO composite emission standard set forth in the following table. 

SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the same gaseous or liquid 

fuel used for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP 

compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification gasoline 

specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2 of the “California 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” 

For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall calculate a 

Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test groups, a 

separate Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following equation: 

Composite Emission Value = 0.28 x US06 + 0.37 x SC03 + 0.35 x FTP 

[Eq. 1] 

where “US06” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, 

as applicable, determined through the US06 test; 

“SC03” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, 

as applicable, determined through the SC03 test; and 

“FTP” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the FTP test. 
18 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle 

emission value can be used in place of the SC03 cycle emission value in 

Equation 1. To determine compliance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composite 

emission standard applicable to the model year, manufacturers shall use a 

sales-weighted fleet average of the NMOG+NOx composite emission values 

of every applicable test group. The sales-weighted fleet average shall be 

calculated using a combination of carry-over and new certification SFTP 

composite emission values (converted to NMOG+NOx, as applicable). LEV II 

test groups will use their emission values in the fleet average calculation but 

will not be considered LEV III test groups. Compliance with the CO 

composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated through fleet 

averaging. The NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average composite 

emission value for the fleet and the CO composite emission value for each 

test group shall not exceed: 

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles 

(g/mi) 1

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 

lbs. GVWR or 

less; and 

MDPVs3

Vehicles in 

this category 

are tested at 

their loaded 

vehicle weight 

(curb weight 

plus 300 

pounds) 

except LEV II 

vehicles, 

which are 

subject to the 

test weights 

specified in 

§1960.1(r), 

title 13, CCR. 

Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards2,4,5,6

0.140 0.110 0.103 0.097 0.090 0.083 0.077 0.070 0.063 0.057 0.050 

CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard7

4.2

1 Mileage for Compliance. All test groups certifying to LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, as tested in accordance 

with the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” 2 Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups and Cleaner Federal 

Vehicles. For test groups certified to LEV II FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be 

converted to NMOG+NOx and projected out to 120,000 miles or 150,000 miles (depending on LEV II 

FTP certification) using deterioration factors or aged components. NMHC emission values for the US06 

and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission values by multiplying by a factor of 1.03. In 

lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles, carry-over LEV II test groups may use 

the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to determine the carry-over composite 

emission values for the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average calculation. If an 

SFTP full-useful life emission value is used to comply with the LEV II SFTP 4k standards, that value 
19 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

may be used in the sales-weighted fleet-average without applying an additional deterioration factor. For 

federally-certified test groups certifying in California in accordance with Section H.1.4 of the “California 

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 

2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” the full-useful life emission value used 

to comply with federal full-useful life SFTP requirements may be used in the sales-weighted fleetaverage without applying an additional deterioration factor. In all cases, NMHC emission values for the 

US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission values by multiplying by a factor of 

1.03. 3

 MDPVs are excluded from SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards and the sales-weighted fleet 

average until they are certified to LEV III FTP 150,000-mile NMOG+NOx and CO requirements. 4

 LEV III Ttest groups shall certify to bins in increments of 0.010 g/mi. Beginning with the 2018 model 

year, vehicles may not certify to bin values above a maximum of 0.180 g/mi. 5 Calculating the sales-weighted average for NMOG+NOx. For each model year, the manufacturer shall 

calculate its sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value as follows. 

  

 











 







n

i

i

n

i

i i

number of vehicles in the test group

number of vehicles in the test group composite value of bin

1

1

where "n" = a manufacturer’s total number of PC, LDT, and, if applicable, MDPV certification bins, in 

a given model year including carry-over certification bins, certifying to SFTP composite emission 

standards in that model year; 

 “number of vehicles in the test group” = the number of vehicles produced and delivered for 

sale in California in the certification test group; and 

 "Composite Value of Bin" = the numerical value selected by the manufacturer for the 

certification bin that serves as the emission standard for the vehicles in the test group with respect 

to all testing for test groups certifying to SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, and the SFTP 

carry-over composite emission value, as described in footnote 7 2 of this table, for carry-over LEV II 

test groups. 

* * * * 

(9) Requirement to Generate Additional NMOG+NOx Fleet Average 

Credit. For a vehicle that is certified to the LEV III standards in subsection (a)(1), 

which does not generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the criteria set 

forth in section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes,” a manufacturer may subtract 5 mg/mi from the NMOG+NOx 

emission standards value set forth in subsection (b)(1)(B)1.c when calculating 

the manufacturer’s fleet average, provided that the manufacturer extends the 

performance and defects warranty period to 15 years or 150,000 miles, 

whichever occurs first, except that the time period is to be 10 years for a zero 

emission energy storage device (such as battery, ultracapacitor, or other electric 

storage device). 

* * * * 

[Eq. 2] 
20 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

 (b) Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

(1) Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Requirements for Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

(A) The fleet average non-methane organic gas plus oxides of 

nitrogen exhaust mass emission values from the passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are produced and delivered for 

sale in California each model year by a manufacturer other than a small volume 

manufacturer shall not exceed: 

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS PLUS 

OXIDES OF NITROGEN 

EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR 

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUMDUTY PASSENGER VEHICLES

(150,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis) 

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG + NOx 

(grams per mile) 

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. 

LVW 

LDTs 

 3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR; 

All MDPVs 

20141 0.107 0.128 

2015 0.100 0.119 

2016 0.093 0.110 

2017 0.086 0.101 

2018 0.079 0.092 

2019 0.072 0.083 

2020 0.065 0.074 

2021 0.058 0.065 

2022 0.051 0.056 

2023 0.044 0.047 

2024 0.037 0.038 

2025+ 0.030 0.030 

1 For the 2014 model year, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

values in this table in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in subsection 

1961(a)(b)(1)(A). A manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average 

requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet 

average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must 
21 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful life standards. 

* * * * 

2. PZEV Anti-Backsliding Requirement. In the 2018 and 

subsequent model years, a manufacturer must produce and deliver for sale in 

California a minimum percentage of its passenger car and light-duty truck 

fleet that certifies to SULEV30 and SULEV20 standards. This minimum 

percentage must be equal to the average percentage of PZEVs produced and 

deliver for sale in California for that manufacturer for the 2015 through 2017 

model year. A manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using the 

projected sales for these model years in lieu of actual sales. The percentage 

of a manufacturer’s passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to 

SULEV30 and SULEV20 standards averaged across the applicable model 

year and the two previous model years shall be used to determine 

compliance with this requirement, beginning with the 2020 model year. 

* * * * 

 

 (D) Treatment of ZEVs. ZEVs classified as LDTs (>3750 lbs. LVW) 

that have been counted toward the ZEV requirement for PCs and LDTs (0-3750 

lbs. LVW) as specified in sections 1962.1 and 1962.2 shall be included as LDT1s 

in the calculation of a fleet average NMOG+NOx value. 

* * * * 

(4) SFTP Phase-In Requirements. 

(A) Phase-In Requirement for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. A test group certifying to LEV III FTP 

emission categories on a 150,000-mile durability basis shall also certify to SFTP 

requirements on a 150,000-mile durability basis. 

Manufacturers shall have two options for phase in to the SFTP NMOG+NOx and 

CO emission standards. 

1. Under Option 1, beginning with the 2015 model year, a 

manufacturer shall certify its PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs to the SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards in subsection (a)(7)(A)1 when the 

vehicles are also certifying to a LEV III FTP emission category at 150,000-

mile durability. 

2. Under Option 2, for 2015 and subsequent model years, a 

manufacturer shall certify its fleet of PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs such that the 

manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite 

emission value and each test group’s CO composite emission value does not 
22 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

exceed the applicable composite emission standards in effect for that model 

year in accordance with subsection (a)(7)(A)2. During the 150,000-mile 

durability phase-in, the sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite 

emission value shall be calculated using a combination of carry-over values 

and new-certification values. Carry-over test groups shall convert values to 

NMOG+NOx and may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP 

cycle in lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles. 

Any vehicle certified to SFTP requirements on a 150,000-mile durability basis 

shall be subject to the applicable emission standards for the full useful life of 

that vehicle. Compliance with the CO composite emission standard cannot 

be demonstrated through fleet averaging. 

Beginning with the 2017 model year, a manufacturer shall certify its PCs, LDTs, 

and MDPVs certifying to LEV III FTP PM emission standards on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis to the SFTP PM emission standards in subsection (a)(7)(B). 

* * * * 

 

(c) Calculation of NMOG + NOx Credits/Debits

(1) Calculation of NMOG+NOx Credits and Debits for Passenger Cars, 

Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

* * * * 

 (B) In 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that 

achieves fleet average NMOG+NOx values lower than the fleet average 

NMOG+NOx requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive credits 

in units of g/mi NMOG + NOx . A manufacturer with 2015 and subsequent model 

year fleet average NMOG+NOx values greater than the fleet average 

requirement for the corresponding model year shall receive debits in units of g/mi 

NMOG + NOx equal to the amount of negative credits determined by the 

aforementioned equation. The total g/mi NMOG+NOx credits or debits earned 

for PCs and LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW, for LDTs 3751-5750 lbs. LVW and for LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR and for MDPVs shall be summed together. 

The resulting amount shall constitute the g/mi NMOG+NOx credits or debits 

accrued by the manufacturer for the model year. 

* * * * 

(3) Procedure for Offsetting Debits.

* * * * 

(B) For the 2015 and subsequent model years, tThe emission 

credits earned in any given model year shall retain full value through five 
23 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

subsequent model years. Credits will have no value if not used by the beginning 

of the sixth model year after being earned. 

* * * * 

 (d) Test Procedures. The certification requirements and test procedures for 

determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set forth 

in the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” as adopted 

March 22, 2012 amended December 6, 2012, the “California Non-Methane 

Organic Gas Test Procedures,” as amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, 

which are incorporated herein by reference. In the case of hybrid electric 

vehicles and on-board fuel-fired heaters, the certification requirements and test 

procedures for determining compliance with the emission standards in this 

section are set forth in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.1, and the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent 

Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger 

Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by 

reference in section 1962.2. 

* * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105 

and 43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 

43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204 and 

43205, Health and Safety Code. 

 
24 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1961.3. Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures - 2017 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

* * * * 

 (a) Greenhouse Gas Emission Requirements. 

* * * * 

 (3) Alternative Fleet Average Standards for Manufacturers with Limited 

U.S. Sales. Manufacturers meeting the criteria in this subsection (a)(3) may 

request that the Executive Officer establish alternative fleet average CO2

standards that would apply instead of the standards in subsection (a)(1). 

* * * * 

 (C) How to Request Alternative Fleet Average Standards. 

Eligible manufacturers may petition for alternative standards for up to five 

consecutive model years if sufficient information is available on which to base 

such standards. 

* * * * 

 4. A manufacturer may elect to petition for alternative standards 

under this subsection (a)(3)(C) by submitting to ARB a copy of the data and 

information submitted to EPA as required under 40 CFR §86.1818-12 (g), 

incorporated by reference in and amended by the “California 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” and the EPA approval of the 

manufacturer’s request for alternative fleet average standards for the 2017 

through 2025 MY National Greenhouse Gas Program. 

* * * * 

 (6) Credits for Reduction of Air Conditioning Direct Emissions. 

Manufacturers may generate A/C Direct Emissions Credits by implementing 

specific air conditioning system technologies designed to reduce air conditioning 

direct emissions over the useful life of their vehicles. A manufacturer may only 

use an A/C Direct Emissions Credit for vehicles within a model type upon 

approval of the A/C Direct Emissions Credit for that model type by the Executive 

Officer. The conditions and requirements for obtaining approval of an A/C Direct 

Emissions Credit are described in (A) through (F), below. 
25 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

* * * * 

(C) The calculation of A/C Direct Emissions Credit depends on the 

refrigerant or type of system, and is specified in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of this 

subsection. 

1. HFC-134a vapor compression systems 

For A/C systems that use HFC-134a refrigerant, the A/C Direct Emissions 

Credit is calculated using the following formula: 

/ (1 ) Avg LR

LR A C DirectCredit  Direct Credit Baseline 

Where: 

Direct Credit Baseline = 12.6 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Direct Credit Baseline = 15.6 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles; 

Avg LR = 16.6 grams/year for passenger cars; 

Avg LR = 20.7 grams/year for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles; 

LR = the larger of SAE LR or Min LR; 

Where: 

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE International’s 

Surface Vehicle Standard SAE J2727 (Revised February 

2012 August 2008), incorporated by reference, herein; 

Min LR = 8.3 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with 

belt-driven compressors; 

Min LR = 10.4 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty 

passenger vehicle A/C systems with belt-driven 

compressors; 

Min LR = 4.1 grams/year for passenger car A/C systems with 

electric compressors; 

Min LR = 5.2 grams/year for light-duty truck and medium-duty 

passenger vehicle A/C systems with electric compressors. 

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly 

manufactured A/C system in grams of refrigerant per year. The 

Executive Officer may allow a manufacturer to use an updated 

version of the August 2008 version of SAE J2727 or an alternate 

method if s/he determines that the updated SAE J2727 or the 

alternate method provides more accurate estimates of the initial 

leak rate of A/C systems than the February 2012 August 

2008version of SAE J2727 does. 

 
26 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

2. Low-GWP vapor compression systems 

For A/C systems that use a refrigerant having a GWP of 150 or less, the 

A/C Direct Emissions Credit shall be calculated using the following 

formula: 

A/C Direct Credit  Low GWP Credit  High Leak Penalty

Where: 

) 1,430 (1 GWP Low GWP Credit  Max Low GWP Credit   , 

and 

















  

 





0, if .

, if ;

, if ;

SAE LR Min LR

Min LR SAE LR Avg LR

AvgLR Min LR

SAE LR Min LR Max HighLeak Penalty

Max HighLeak Penalty SAE LR Avg LR

HighLeak Penalty

Where: 

Max Low GWP Credit = 13.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Max Low GWP Credit = 17.2 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles; 

GWP = the global warming potential of the refrigerant over a 

100-year horizon, as specified in section (a)(6)(F); 

Max High Leak Penalty = 1.8 gCO2e/mi for passenger cars; 

Max High Leak Penalty = 2.1 gCO2e/mi for light-duty trucks 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles; 

Avg LR = 13.1 g/yr for passenger cars; 

Avg LR = 16.6 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles; 

and where: 

SAE LR = initial leak rate evaluated using SAE 

International’s Surface Vehicle Standard SAE J2727 (Revised 

February 2012 August 2008); 

Min LR = 8.3 g/yr for passenger cars; 

Min LR = 10.4 g/yr for light-duty trucks and medium-duty 

passenger vehicles. 

Note: Initial leak rate is the rate of refrigerant leakage from a newly 

manufactured A/C system in grams of refrigerant per year. The 

Executive Officer may allow a manufacturer to use an updated 
27 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

version of SAE J2727 or an alternate method if s/he determines 

that the updated SAE J2727 or the alternate method provides more 

accurate estimates of the initial leak rate of A/C systems than the 

February 2012 August 2008version of SAE J2727 does. 

* * * * 

(7) Credits for Improving Air Conditioning System Efficiency. 

Manufacturers may generate CO2 credits by implementing specific air 

conditioning system technologies designed to reduce air conditioning-related 

CO2 emissions over the useful life of their passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and/or medium-duty passenger vehicles. Credits shall be calculated according to 

this subsection (a)(7) for each air conditioning system that the manufacturer is 

using to generate CO2 credits. The eligibility requirements specified in 

subsection (a)(7)(E) must be met before an air conditioning system is allowed to 

generate credits. 

* * * * 

 

(E) For the purposes of this subsection (a)(7)(E), the AC17 Test 

Procedure shall mean the AC17 Air Conditioning Efficiency Test Procedure set 

forth in 40 CFR §86.167-17, incorporated in and amended by the “California 

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” 

* * * * 

(11) Mid-Term Review of the 2022 through 2025 MY Standards. The 

Executive Officer shall conduct a mid-term review to re-evaluate the state of 

vehicle technology to determine whether any adjustments to the stringency of the 

2022 through 2025 model year standards are appropriate. California’s mid-term 

review will be coordinated with its planned full participation in EPA’s mid-term 

evaluation as set forth in 40 CFR §86.1818-12 (h). 

 (b) Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Credits/Debits. Credits that are 

earned as part of the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program 

shall not be applicable to California’s greenhouse gas program. Debits that are 

earned as part of the 2012 through 2016 MY National greenhouse gas program 

shall not be applicable to California’s greenhouse gas program. 

* * * * 
28 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

(4) Use of Greenhouse Gas Emission Credits to Offset a 

Manufacturer’s ZEV Obligations.

(A) For a given model year, a manufacturer that has Greenhouse 

Gas credits remaining after equalizing all of its Greenhouse Gas debits may use 

those Greenhouse Gas credits to comply with its ZEV obligations for that model 

year, in accordance with the provisions set forth in the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty 

Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 

1962.1, or the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2. 

* * * * 

(c) Optional Compliance with the 2017 through 2025 MY National 

Greenhouse Gas Program.

For the 2017 through 2025 model years, a manufacturer may elect to 

demonstrate compliance with this section 1961.3 by demonstrating compliance 

with the 2017 through 2025 MY National greenhouse gas program as follows: 

(1) A manufacturer that selects compliance with this option must notify 

the Executive Officer of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of the 

applicable model year or must comply with 1961.3 (a) and (b); 

(2) The manufacturer must submit to ARB all data that it submits to 

EPA in accordance with the reporting requirements as required under 40 CFR 

§86.1865-12, incorporated by reference in and amended by the “California 2015 

and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” for demonstrating compliance with the 2017 

through 2025 MY National greenhouse gas program and the EPA determination 

of compliance. All such data must be submitted within 30 days of receipt of the 

EPA determination of compliance for each model year that a manufacturer 

selects compliance with this option; 

(3) The manufacturer must provide to the Executive Officer separate 

values for the number of vehicles in each model type and footprint value 

produced and delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and each 

individual state that has adopted California's greenhouse gas emission standards 

for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507), the applicable fleet average CO2 standards for each of these 
29 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

model types and footprint values, the calculated fleet average CO2 value for each 

of these model types and footprint values, and all values used in calculating the 

fleet average CO2 values. 

 

(cd) Test Procedures. The certification requirements and test procedures 

for determining compliance with the emission standards in this section are set 

forth in the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” incorporated by 

reference in section 1961.2. In the case of hybrid electric vehicles, the 

certification requirements and test procedures for determining compliance with 

the emission standards in this section are set forth in the “California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty 

Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 

1962.1, or the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, as applicable. 

(de) Abbreviations. The following abbreviations are used in this section 

1961.3: 

* * * * 

(ef) Definitions Specific to this Section. The following definitions apply to 

this section 1961.3: 

* * * * 

 

(13) “EPA Vehicle Simulation Tool" means the "EPA Vehicle Simulation 

Tool" as incorporated by reference in 40 CFR §86.1 in the Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking for EPA’s 2017 and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas 

Program, as proposed November 16, 2011 [Insert Federal Register for the 2017 

and subsequent MY National Greenhouse Gas Final Rule as proposed at 76 

Fed. Reg. 74854, 75357 (December 1, 2011)]. 

* * * * 

 

(17) “Full-size pickup truck” means a light-duty truck that has a 

passenger compartment and an open cargo box and which meets the following 

specifications: 

1. A minimum cargo bed width between the wheelhouses of 48 

inches, measured as the minimum lateral distance between the limiting 

interferences (pass-through) of the wheelhouses. The measurement shall 
30 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

exclude the transitional arc, local protrusions, and depressions or pockets, 

if present. An open cargo box means a vehicle where the cargo box does 

not have a permanent roof or cover. Vehicles sold produced with 

detachable covers are considered “open” for the purposes of these 

criteria. 

2. A minimum open cargo box length of 60 inches, where the 

length is defined by the lesser of the pickup bed length at the top of the 

body and the pickup bed length at the floor, where the length at the top of 

the body is defined as the longitudinal distance from the inside front of the 

pickup bed to the inside of the closed endgate as measured at the height 

of the top of the open pickup bed cargo floor surface along vehicle 

centerline, and the length at the floor is defined as the longitudinal 

distance from the inside front of the pickup bed to the inside of the closed 

endgate as measured at the cargo floor surface along vehicle centerline. 

3. A minimum towing capability of 5,000 pounds, where minimum 

towing capability is determined by subtracting the gross vehicle weight 

rating from the gross combined weight rating, or a minimum payload 

capability of 1,700 pounds, where minimum payload capability is 

determined by subtracting the curb weight from the gross vehicle weight 

rating. 

* * * * 

(25) “2017 through 2025 MY National Greenhouse Gas Program” 

means the national program that applies to new 2017 through 2025 model year 

passenger cars, light-duty-trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles as 

adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as codified in 40 CFR Part 

86, Subpart S. 

(256) “Oil separator” means a mechanism that removes at least 50 

percent of the oil entrained in the oil/refrigerant mixture exiting the compressor 

and returns it to the compressor housing or compressor inlet, or a compressor 

design that does not rely on the circulation of an oil/refrigerant mixture for 

lubrication. 

(267) “Passive Cabin Ventilation” means ducts or devices which utilize 

convective airflow to move heated air from the cabin interior to the exterior of the 

vehicle. 

(278) “Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle” means “off-vehicle charge capable 

hybrid electric vehicle” as defined in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles 

and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.” 
31 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

(289) “Reduced reheat, with externally controlled, fixed-displacement or 

pneumatic variable displacement compressor” means a system in which the 

output of either compressor is controlled by cycling the compressor clutch offand-on via an electronic signal, based on input from sensors (e.g., position or 

setpoint of interior temperature control, interior temperature, evaporator outlet air 

temperature, or refrigerant temperature) and air temperature at the outlet of the 

evaporator can be controlled to a level at 41°F, or higher. 

(2930) “Reduced reheat, with externally-controlled, variable displacement 

compressor” means a system in which compressor displacement is controlled via 

an electronic signal, based on input from sensors (e.g., position or setpoint of 

interior temperature control, interior temperature, evaporator outlet air 

temperature, or refrigerant temperature) and air temperature at the outlet of the 

evaporator can be controlled to a level at 41°F, or higher. 

(301) “SC03” means the SC03 test cycle as set forth in the “California 

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks, 

and Medium Duty Vehicles.” 

 (312) “Solar Reflective Paint” means a vehicle paint or surface coating 

which reflects at least 65 percent of the impinging infrared solar energy, as 

determined using ASTM standards E903-96 (Standard Test Method for Solar 

Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating 

Spheres, DOI: 10.1520/E0903-96 (Withdrawn 2005)), E1918-06 (Standard Test 

Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Surfaces 

in the Field, DOI: 10.1520/E1918-06), or C1549-09 (Standard Test Method for 

Determination of Solar Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a Portable 

Solar Reflectometer, DOI: 10.1520/C1549-09). These ASTM standards are 

incorporated by reference, herein. 

(323) “Solar Roof Panels” means the installation of solar panels on an 

electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle such that the solar energy is 

used to provide energy to the electric drive system of the vehicle by charging the 

battery or directly providing power to the electric motor with the equivalent of at 

least 50 Watts of rated electricity output. 

(334) “Strong hybrid gasoline-electric vehicle” means a vehicle that has 

start/stop capability and regenerative braking capability, where the recaptured 

braking energy over the Federal Test Procedure is at least 75 percent of the total 

braking energy, where the percent of recaptured braking energy is measured and 

calculated according to 40 CFR §600.108(g). 

 
32 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

 (345) “Subconfiguration” means a unique combination within a vehicle 

configuration of equivalent test weight, road load horsepower, and any other 

operational characteristics or parameters which is accepted by USEPA. 

 

 (356) “US06” means the US06 test cycle as set forth in the “California 

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks, 

and Medium Duty Vehicles.” 

(367) “Worst-Case” means the vehicle configuration within each test 

group that is expected to have the highest CO2-equivalent value, as calculated in 

section (a)(5). 

(fg) Severability. Each provision of this section is severable, and in the 

event that any provision of this section is held to be invalid, the remainder of both 

this section and this article remains in full force and effect. 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43101, 43104 and 

43105, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 

43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, 43205 and 

43211, Health and Safety Code. 

 
33 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1962.1. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

* * * * * 

(b) Percentage ZEV Requirements. 

* * * * * 

(2) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers. 

* * * * * 

(D) Requirements for Large Volume Manufacturers in Model 

Years 2012 through 2017. 

1. 2012 through 2014 Requirements. On an annual basis, a 

manufacturer must meet the total ZEV obligation with ZEV credits generated 

by such vehicles, excluding credits generated by NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs 

equal to at least 0.79% of its annual sales, using either production volume 

determination method described in subdivision 1962.1(b)(1)(B). No more 

than 50% of the total obligation may be met with credits generated from 

PZEVs. No more than 75% of the total obligation may be met with credits 

generated from AT PZEVs. No more than 93.4% may be met with credits 

generated from TZEVs, Type 0 ZEVs, and NEVs, as limited in subdivision 

1962.1(g)(6). The entire obligation may be met solely with credits generated 

from ZEVs. 

2. 2015 through 2017 Requirements. On an annual basis, a 

manufacturer must meet its ZEV obligation with ZEV credits generated by 

such vehicles, excluding credits generated by NEVs and Type 0 ZEVs, equal 

to at least 3% of its annual sales, using either production volume 

determination method described in subdivision 1962.1(b)(1)(B). No more 

than 42.8% of the total obligation may be met with credits generated from 

PZEVs. No more than 57.1% of the total obligation may be met with credits 

generated from AT PZEVs. No more than 78.5% may be met with credits 

generated from TZEVs, Type 0 ZEVs, and NEVs, as limited in subdivision 

1962.1(g)(6). The entire obligation may be met solely with credits generated 

from ZEVs. 

 

* * * * * 

(c) Partial ZEV Allowance Vehicles (PZEVs). 

* * * * * 
34 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

(3) Zero-Emission VMT PZEV Allowance. 

(A) Calculation of Zero -Emission VMT Allowance. A vehicle 

that meets the requirements of subdivision 1962.1(c)(2) and has zero-emission 

vehicle miles traveled (“VMT”) capability will generate an additional zero 

emission VMT PZEV allowance calculated as follows: 

Range 

Zero-emission VMT Allowance 

EAERu < 10 miles 0.0 

EAERu ≥10 to 40 miles EAERu x (1 – UFRcda)/11.028 

EAERu > 40 miles 

(EAERu40) x [1 – (UF40*Rcda/EAERu)]/ 

11.028 

3.627 x (1 – UFn) 

Where, 

UF40= utility factor at 40 miles 

EAERu40= 40 miles 

n = 40 x (Rcda/EAERu) 

A vehicle cannot generate more than 1.39 zero-emission VMT 

PZEV allowances. 

The urban equivalent all-electric range (EAERu) and urban charge 

depletion range actual (Rcda) shall be determined in accordance with section G. 

5.411.4 and G.11.9, respectively, of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium 

Duty Vehicle Classes,” adopted December 17, 2008, and last amended March 

22, 2012December 6, 2012, incorporated by reference in section 1962.1(h). The 

utility Factor (UF) shall be determined according to SAE International’s Surface 

Vehicle Information Report J2841 SEP2010 (Revised September 2010), 

incorporated by reference herein, from the Fleet Utility Factors (FUF) Table in 

Appendix B or using a polynomial curve fit with “FUF Fit” coefficients from Table 

2 Utility Factor Equation Coefficients based on the charge depleting actual range 

(urban cycle) (Rcda) shall be determined according to Section 4.5.2 Equation 6 

and the “Fleet UF” Utility Factor Equation Coefficients in Section 4.5.2, Table 3 of 

SAE J2841 March 2009. 

 

* * * * * 
35 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

(h) Test Procedures.

(1) Determining Compliance. The certification requirements and test 

procedures for determining compliance with this section 1962.1 are set forth in 

"California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 

2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes," adopted 

December 17, 2008, and last amended March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, which 

is incorporated herein by reference. 

* * * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health 

and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 38562, 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 

43018, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, 43205, 43205.5 

and 43206, Health and Safety Code. 

 
36 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1962.2. Zero-Emission Vehicle Standards for 2018 and Subsequent Model 

Year Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

* * * * * 

(c) Transitional Zero-Emission Vehicles (TZEV). 

* * * * * 

(2) TZEV Requirements. 

* * * * * 

(B) Evaporative Emissions. Certify the vehicle to the evaporative 

emission standards in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(G). or 1976(b)(1)(E) Manufacturers 

may certify 2018 and 2019 TZEVs to the evaporative standards for PCs and 

LDTs in subdivision 1976(b)(1)(E); 

* * * * * 

(3) Allowances for TZEVs

(A) Zero-Emission Vehicle Miles Traveled TZEV Allowance 

Calculation. A vehicle that meets the requirements of subdivision 1962.2(c)(2) 

and has zero-emission vehicle miles traveled (VMT), as defined by and 

calculated by the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes," adopted March 22, 2012, last amended December 6, 2012, which is 

incorporated herein by reference, and measured as equivalent all electric range 

(EAER) capability will generate an allowance according to the following equation: 

UDDS Test Cycle Range 

(EAER) Allowance 

<10 all electric miles 0.00 

≥10 all electric miles TZEV Credit = [(0.01) * EAER + 0.30] 

>80 miles (credit cap) 1.10 

1. Allowance for US06 Capability. TZEVs with US06 all 

electric range capability (AER) of at least 10 miles shall earn an additional 0.2 

 
37 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

allowance. US06 test cycle range capability shall be determined in 

accordance with section E.8G.7.5 of the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for the 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles, and Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the Passenger Car, LightDuty Truck, and Medium Duty Vehicle Classes,” adopted March 22, 2012, last 

amended December 6, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

* * * * * 

(g) Generation and Use of Credits; Calculation of Penalties 

* * * * * 

(6) Use of ZEV Credits. 

* * * * * 

(C) GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. 

1. Application. Manufacturers may apply to the Executive 

Officer, no later than December 31, 2016, to be eligible for this subdivision 

1962.2(g)(6)(C), based on the following qualifications: 

a. A manufacturer must have no model year 2017 compliance 

debits and no outstanding debits from all previous model year compliance 

with sections 1961.1 and 1961.3, or must have demonstrated compliance 

with the National greenhouse gas program as allowed by subdivisions 

1961.1(a)(1)(A)(ii) and 1961.3(c);, and 

b. A manufacturer must have no model year 2017 compliance 

debits and no outstanding debits from all previous model year compliance 

with section 1962.1;, and 

c. A manufacturer must submit documentation of its projected 

product plans to show over compliance with the manufacturer’s section 

1961.3 requirements, or over compliance with National greenhouse gas 

program requirements as allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c), by at least 2.0 

gCO2/mile in each model year through the entire 2018 through 2021 

model year period, and its commitment to do so in each year. 
38 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

2. Credit Generation and Calculation. Manufacturers must 

calculate their over compliance with section 1961.3 requirements, or over 

compliance with the National greenhouse gas program requirements as 

allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c), for model years 2018 through 2021 based 

on compliance with the previous model year standard. For example, to 

generate credits for this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) for model year 2018, 

manufacturers would calculate credits based on model year 2017 compliance 

with section 1961.3, or over compliance with the National greenhouse gas 

program as allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c). 

a. At least 2.0 gCO2/mile over compliance with section 1961.3, 

or over compliance with the National greenhouse gas program as allowed 

by subdivision 1961.3(c), is required in each year and the following 

equation must be used to calculate the amount of ZEV credits earned for 

purposes of this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C), and: 

[(Manufacturer US PC and LDT Sales) x (gCO2/mile below manufacturer 

GHG standard for a given model year)] / (Manufacturer GHG standard for 

a given model year) 

b. Credits earned under section subdivision 1961.3(a)(9), or 

credits earned under 40 CFR, part 86, Subpart S, §86.1866-12(a), 

§86.1866-12(b), or §86.1870-12, may not be included in the calculation of 

gCO2/mile credits for use in the above equation in subdivision a. All ZEVs 

included in the calculation above must include upstream emission values 

found in section 1961.3. 

c. Banked gCO2/mile credits earned under sections 1961.1 and 

1961.3, or under the National greenhouse gas program requirements as 

allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c), from previous model years or from other 

manufacturers may not be included in the calculation of gCO2/mile credits 

for use in the above equation in subdivision a. 

3. Use of GHG-ZEV Over Compliance Credits. A

manufacturer may use no more than the percentage enumerated in the table 

below to meet either the total ZEV requirement nor the portion of their ZEV 

requirement that must be met with ZEV credits, with credits earned under this 

subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C). 

2018 2019 2020 2021 

50% 50% 40% 30% 
39 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

Credits earned in any given model year under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) 

may only be used in the applicable model year and may not be used in any 

other model year. 

gCO2/mile credits used to calculate GHG-ZEV over compliance credits under 

this provision must also be removed from the manufacturer’s GHG 

compliance bank, and cannot be banked for future compliance toward section 

1961.3, or towards compliance with the National greenhouse gas program 

requirements as allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c).

4. Reporting Requirements. Annually, manufacturers are 

required to submit calculations of credits for this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) 

for the model year, any remaining credits/debits from previous model years 

under section 1961.3, or under the National greenhouse gas program 

requirements as allowed by subdivision 1961.3(c), and projected 

credits/debits for future years through 2021 under section 1961.3 or under the 

National greenhouse gas program requirements as allowed by subdivision 

1961.3(c) and this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C). 

If a manufacturer, who has been granted the ability to generate 

credits under this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C), fails to over comply by at least 

2.0 gCO2/mile in any one year, the manufacturer will be subject to the full ZEV 

requirements for the model year and future model years, and will not be able 

to earn credits for any other model year under this subdivision 

1962.2(g)(6)(C). 

5. If the Executive Officer does not make a determination that a 

Federal greenhouse gas fleet standard is functionally equivalent to 

subdivision 1961.3, than this subdivision 1962.2(g)(6)(C) 1. through 4. is 

unavailable for use by any manufacturer. 

* * * * * 

(h) Test Procedures. 

(1) Determining Compliance. The certification requirements and test 

procedures for determining compliance with this section 1962.2 are set forth in 

"California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes," adopted 

March 22, 2012, last amended December 6, 2012, which is incorporated herein 

by reference. 
40 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

* * * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104 and 43105, Health 

and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 38562, 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 

43018, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204, and 

43205.5, Health and Safety Code. 

 
41 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

§ 1976. Standards and Test Procedures for Motor Vehicle Fuel Evaporative 

Emissions.

* * * * 

 (b)(1) Evaporative emissions for 1978 and subsequent model 

gasoline-fueled, 1983 and subsequent model liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 

1993 and subsequent model alcohol-fueled motor vehicles and hybrid electric 

vehicles subject to exhaust emission standards under this article, except 

petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles, compressed natural gas-fueled vehicles, hybrid 

electric vehicles that have sealed fuel systems which can be demonstrated to 

have no evaporative emissions, and motorcycles, shall not exceed the following 

standards: 

* * * * 

 (G) For 2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles, the following 

evaporative emission requirements apply: 

* * * * 

3. Carry-Over of 2014 Model-Year Evaporative Families 

Certified to the Zero-Fuel Evaporative Emission Standards. A manufacturer 

may carry over 2014 model motor vehicles certified to the zero-fuel (0.0 

grams per test) evaporative emission standards set forth in section 

1976(b)(1)(E) through the 2018 model year and be considered compliant with 

the requirements of section 1976(b)(1)(G)1. For all motor vehicles that are 

certified via this carry-over provision, the emission standards set forth in 

section 1976(b)(1)(E) shall apply when determining in-use compliance 

throughout the vehicle’s useful life. If the manufacturer chooses to participate 

in the fleet-average option for the highest whole vehicle diurnal plus hot soak 

emission standard, the following family emission limits are assigned to these 

evaporative families for the calculation of the manufacturer’s fleet-average 

hydrocarbon emission value. 
42 

As Amended: December 6, 2012 

Date of Hearing: November 15, 2012 

Vehicle Type Highest Whole Vehicle 

Diurnal + Hot Soak 

(grams per test) 

Passenger cars 0.300 

Light-duty trucks 

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under, 

and 0 - 3,750 lbs. LVW 

0.300 

Light-duty trucks 

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under, 

and 3,751 – 5,750 lbs. LVW 

0.400 

Light-duty trucks 

6,001 - 8,500 lbs. GVWR 

0.500 

* * * * 

 (c) The test procedures for determining compliance with the standards in 

subsection (b) above applicable to 1978 through 2000 model year vehicles are 

set forth in “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 

1978-2000 Model Motor Vehicles,” adopted by the state board on April 16, 1975, 

as last amended August 5, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference. The 

test procedures for determining compliance with standards applicable to 2001 

and subsequent model year vehicles are set forth in the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles,” adopted by the state board on August 5, 1999, and as last amended 

March 22, 2012December 6, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

* * * * 

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 

43105, 43106 and 43107, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 

39500, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 

43105, 43106, 43107, 43204 and 43205 Health and Safety Code.