Clinid Fishes of Chile and Peru,

with Description of a New Species,

Myxodes ornatus, from Chile

JOHN S. STEPHENS, JR.

and

VICTOR G. SPRINGER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 159
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBE R 15 9

Clinid Fishes of Chile and Peru,

with Description of a New Species,

Myxodes ornatus, from Chile

John S. Stephens, Jr.

and Victor G. Springer

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1973
ABSTRACT

Stephens, John S., Jr., and Victor G. Springer. Clinid Fishes of Chile and Peru,

with Description of a New Species, Myxodes ornatus, from Chile. Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, number 159, 24 pages, 15 figures, 1974.—Five genera

and 10 species of clinid fishes are found in Chile and/or Peru. Of these, three

genera and eight species are endemic. The other two genera and species are

wide-ranging forms in the eastern Pacific with centers of distribution in the

tropics. Of the 30 nominal species-group names available for the clinids of Chile

and Peru, 15, including several of the oldest, have no extant type-material. The

lack of type-material for some names has resulted in involved nomenclatural

problems, three of which we have solved by designating neotypes based on the

holotypes of other nominal species (thus creating objective synonyms). Neotypes

are designated for Blennius tetranemus Cope, Clinus peruvianus Valenciennes, and Clinus guttulatus Valenciennes. Only one nominal species is unaccounted for—Clinus fernandezianus Guichenot. The description of this species

pertains to no known clinid and no clinids are known from the type-locality,

Juan Fernandez Islands.

A key is presented to the species treated and all species of the endemic genera

(Myxodes, Auchenionchus, Calliclinus) are illustrated and described in a common format.

We have synonymized the clinid subtribe Calliclinidi Hubbs with the subtribe Cryptotremidi Hubbs. These clinids are distinguished from all others in

having some caudal-fin rays branched.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4925. SERIES COVER

DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Stephens, John Stewart

Clinid fishes of Chile and Peru.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 159)

1. Clinidae. 2. Fishes—Chile. 3. Fishes—Peru. 4. Myxodes ornatus. I. Springer, Victor

Gruschka, 1928- joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 159.

QL1.S54 no. 159 [QL6S8.C63] 591'.08s [597'.88] 73-9864

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents,

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

Price 70 cents
Contents

Page

Introduction 1

Key to Clinid Fishes from Peru and Chile 3

Subfamily Clininae 4

Tribe Myxodini 4

Myxodes ornatus, new species 4

Myxodes viridis Valenciennes 7

Myxodes cristatus Valenciennes 8

Subfamily Labrisoiriinae 9

Tribe Labrisomini 10

Malacoctenus tetranemus (Cope) 10

Labrisomus (Labrisomus) multiporosus Hubbs 10

Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner) 10

Tribe Cryptotremini 11

Auchenionchus Gill 11

Auchenionchus variolosus (Valenciennes) 11

Auchenionchus microcirrhis (Valenciennes) 14

Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns) 17

Callidinus Gill 19

Calliclinus geniguttatus (Valenciennes) 20

Literature Cited 23

Clinid Fishes of Chile and Peru,

with Description of a New Species,

Myxodes ornatus, from Chile

John S. Stephens, Jr.

and Victor G. Springer

Introduction

The clinid fishes of the temperate waters of Peru

and Chile are, essentially, a geographically restricted

group. Of the five genera and ten species that we

recognize, three genera and eight species are endemic to the area. The other two genera and species

are wide-ranging members of the tropical Panamic

fauna with distributions extending from the Gulf

of California to Peru or Chile.

The clinid fishes of Peru and Chile have not previously been treated as a group, although Hildebrand (1946) discussed the Peruvian species, and

DeBuen (1962), the Chilean species. Hubbs (1953)

and Springer (1959) included information on the

Peruvian and Chilean species of the clinid genera

Labrisomus and Malacoctenus in their revisions of

those genera.

Our study was initiated when we found it impossible to identify Chilean clinids using DeBuen's

(1962) study. We believe that he misidentified most

of his material. We have synonymized all the new

taxa he proposed (one genus, two subgenera, six

species), as well as several other previously recognized taxa of Chilean and Peruvian clinids.

The nomenclature of the Chilean and Peruvian

clinids is unusually complex for so small a number

of species. This complexity is the result of high inJohn S. Stephens, Jr., Department of Biology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California 90041. Victor G. Springer, Division of Fishes, National Museum of Natural History,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

traspecific variability, inadequate species descriptions, and nonexistence, or loss, of type-material,

including that for some of the oldest names. Of the

30 nominal species-group taxa of clinids previously

described or reported from the area, we have been

able to locate primary or secondary types for only

15. A recent attempt by R. Lavenberg of the Los

Angeles County Museum of Natural History to examine or obtain DeBuen's type-specimens for us

was unsuccessful. A tidal wave at Montemar in 1968

and an earthquake at Santiago in 1970 apparently

destroyed DeBuen's specimens, as well as those of

other early Chilean ichthyologists.

Among the nominal clinid species, Clinus magellanicus Philippi and C. foncki Philippi, both listed

originally in Delfin (1899), are nomina nuda.

Clinus foncki was synonymized with Myxodes viridis

by Hubbs (1952), who erroneously attributed the

name C. foncki to Philippi (1896). The systematic

position of Clinus fernandezianus Guichenot in Gay

(1848) is presently indeterminable. The description

pertains to no known clinid; there is no type-material; and no clinids are known to occur at the typelocality, Juan Fernandez Islands.

METHODS.—Counts and measurements follow

those of Hubbs (1952) except that the last two dorsal- and anal-fin rays were counted separately and

the interorbit was measured at its narrowest point.

In most clinids each segmented dorsal- and anal-fin

ray is supported by a separate pterygiophore, but in
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

SOC

M

LATERAL DORSAL

FIGURE 1.—Cranial sensory pore pattern in Myxodes cristatus (10 — infraorbital series; LI «•

lateral line; M - mandibular series; N - nasal series; OC - occipital series; OCC - occipital

commissural pore; PO - postorbital pore; POP - preopercular series; SO - supraorbital series;

SOC - supraorbital commissural pore).

most specimens of Calliclinus the last dorsal- and

anal-fin pterygiophores each bear two rays, the posteriormost of which is considerably reduced and

easily overlooked. Our counts of dorsal- and analfin rays of Calliclinus nevertheless include both of

the last two rays in each fin. Cranial sensory pores

are illustrated in Figure 1.

The synonymies include only references to original descriptions. The key is based solely on the

characters of specimens examined. Many of the finray counts reported by DeBuen (1962) for Chilean

clinids are not duplicated in any of our specimens.

DeBuen did not indicate how he made his counts

and we suspect that in several instances he was in

error.

Ranges for meristic characters are given followed

by the mean in parentheses. Measurements, except

standard length, are in percent standard length.

Standard length and total length are abbreviated as

SL and TL. Vertebral counts were taken from radiographs.

The following is a list of institutional abbreviations used: USNM, United States National Museum

of Natural History; MNHN, Museum National

d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; SIO, Scripps Institution

of Oceanography; UCLA University of California,

Los Angeles; CAS, California Academy of Sciences;

ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; BMNH, British Museum (Natural History),

London; EBM, Estacion de Biologia Marina, Montemar, Chile. After each collection number, the

number of specimens is recorded followed by the

range in standard length to the nearest mm in parentheses.

Collections bearing the abbreviation USNM (the

former United States National Museum) are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
NUMBER 159

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We wish to thank the following individuals and institutions for loan of specimens: R.H. Rosenblatt and J.C. McCosker, Scripps

Institution of Oceanography; B.W. Walker and J.

Bleck, University of California, Los Angeles; J.C.

Tyler, formerly Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; and P. H. Greenwood, British Museum

(Natural History). Special thanks must go to R.

Lavenberg, Los Angeles County Museum, for attempting to locate DeBuen's specimens; and to M.K.

Oliver, Occidental College, for examining the holotype of Auchenionchns crinitus; M.L. Bauchot, Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris, for assistance in utilizing the collection and providing a

photograph of the manuscript figure upon which

the description of Clinns peruvianus is based; and

J.E. Bohlke, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for attempts to locate Cope's types. A portion of the work reported here was supported by

N.S.F. research grant GB-27266 to the senior author.

Key to Clinid Fishes from Peru and Chile

1. Dorsal fin XXXII-XXXVIII.3-7; pectoral-fin rays 11-14 (usually 12); scales with radii on

all margins (subfamily Clininae) 2

Dorsal fin XVII-XXVI, 9-14; pectoral-fin rays 13-16; scales with radii on anterior margin

only (subfamily Labrisominac) 4

2. Dorsal-fin membrane noticeably notched between third and fourth spines (Figure 2);

total dorsal- plus anal-fin elements 60-63; dorsal fin XXXII-XXXIV.4; anal fin 11,22-23;

4 sensory pores on each side of mandible anterior to rictus (Figure 1); 1-2 sensory pores

in supraorbital series posterior to commissural pore; infraorbital pores 7; vertebrae 15

+ 30-31 = 45-46; dusky bands on body and dorsal and anal fins

Myxodes ornatus, new species

Dorsal-fin membrane not notched (Figures 3, 4); total dorsal- plus anal-fin elements 64-70;

dorsal fin XXXIV-XXXVII.3-7; anal-fin rays 11,23-26; 5 sensory pores on each side

of mandible anterior to rictus; 3-6 sensory pores in supraorbital scries posterior to commissural pore; infraorbital pores 7-11; vertebrae 16-19 + 30-34 = 48-52; no bands on

body and dorsal and anal fins 3

3. Dorsal fin XXXVI-XXXVIII,3-4; anal fin 11,25-26; orbital cirrus length 1.5-2.2 in eye

diameter, longer than nasal cirrus; tip of depressed longest anal-fin ray reaches almost

to caudal-fin base; body uniformly dark brown in preserved specimens

Myxodes cristatus Valenciennes

Dorsal fin XXIV-XXVJ.,6-7; anal fin 11,24-25; orbital cirrus length 3.0-4.0 in eye diameter,

usually almost equal in length to nasal cirrus; distance from tip of depressed longest

anal-fin ray to caudal-fin base almost equal to half caudal peduncle length; body pale

or tan to colorless in preserved specimens, usually with horizontal stripe behind eye

(stripe may extend across opercle, occasionally present on the body)

Myxodes viridis Valenciennes

4. Dorsal-fin spines XVII-XXI; caudal-fin rays unbranched; lateral-line scales 53-74 (Tribe

Labrisomini) 5

Dorsal-fin spines XXIV-XXVI; central caudal-fin rays usually branched (if unbranched,

fewer than 45 lateral-line scales); lateral-line scales 39-64 (Tribe Cryptotremini) 7

5. Teeth in jaws uniserial; palatine teeth absent; upper jaws less than 11.5 percent SL; lateralline scales 53-59 Malacoctenus tetranemus (Cope)

Patch of small teeth present behind outer row of large teeth in both jaws; palatine teeth

present; upper jaw more than 13.0 percent SL; lateral-line scales 64-74 6

6. Pectoral-fin rays 14-16 (usually 15); lateral-line scales 68-74 (rarely 68-69)

Labrisomus philippii (Steindachner)

Pectoral-fin rays 13-15 (usually 14); lateral-line scales 64-69 (rarely 69)

Labrisomus multiporosus Hubbs

7. Lateral-line scales 40-48; 3 patches of nape cirri (one on each side and one median); gill

rakers 3-5 + 7-10; orbital cirrus multifid from simple fleshy base; pelvic fin I, 3-4;

pectoral-fin rays 14-15 Calliclinus geniguttatus (Valenciennes)

Lateral-line scales 56-64; 2 patches of nape cirri (one on each side) usually present (one

or both occasionally absent); gill rakers 2 + 6-7; orbital cirrus simple to multifid, when

multifid never from single base; pelvic fin I, 3; pectoral-fin rays 13-14 (Auchenionchus

Gill) 9

9. Pectoral-fin rays 14; dorsal fin XXIV-XXV (usually XX1V),11-12; anal fin 11.22; orbital
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

cirrus multifid, obvious; nape cirri present, obvious, raultifid and palmate (except in

holotype, see discussion); peritoneum black; dorsal-fin spines without cirrus-like projections; squamation incomplete in specimens up to 174 mm SL (complete in holotype,

240 mm SL); belly with almost no scales; usually only 25-40 scales on pectoral-fin base;

no scales on fin membranes; lateral line with 32-35 unnotched and 24-26 notched scales;

greatest body depth 3.0-3.8 in SL; head profile steeply declivous from dorsal-fin origin to

snout; top of head smooth Auchenionchus variolosus (Valenciennes)

Pectoral-fin rays 13; dorsal fin XXV-XXVI ,9-12; anal fin 11,23-24 orbital cirrus variable:

0-11 simple cirri, usually tiny, occasionally a single large cirrus (half eye diameter) or

large cirrus and several minute ones; nape cirri usually present, always small, simple to

palmate; peritoneum white; dorsal-fin spines with simple cirrus-like projections at tips;

scales covering entire body and fin bases, extending onto most fin membranes in specimens larger than 50 mm SL; lateral line with 35-38 unnotched and 21-29 notched scales;

greatest body depth 3.5-4.8 in SL; head profile gently curved from dorsal-fin origin to

snout; top of head covered with wart-like protuberances in specimens greater than

100 mm SL, smooth on smaller specimens 10

10. Total number of orbital and nape cirri (free tips of both sides) 20-45 in specimens larger

than 50 mm SL; all orbital cirri tiny; fewer than 18 teeth present in each palatine patch;

dorsal fin XXV-XXVI (XXVI in 93 percent of specimens),11-12 (11 in 86 percent of

specimens); anal fin 11,23-24 (24 in 86 percent of specimens); caudal fin with single line

of large spots traversing distal half; spots absent from gill membranes, present on lips;

pectoral fins usually unmarked; body generally mottled, often with large spots or bands;

young with two white bands, one at base of caudal, one behind head

Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns)

Total number of orbital and nape cirri less than 20 (occasional large specimens, 220-250

mm SL, may have as many as 24); males with one large orbital cirrus and usually 1-3

tiny ones; numerous small teeth cover palatines (about 50-100 in each patch in specimens

larger than 100 mm SL, 10-20 in specimens 50-100 mm SL); dorsal fin XXV-XXVI (XXV

in 85 percent of specimens),11-12; anal fin 11,23-24 (23 in 95 percent of specimens);

caudal fin. uniformly dark brown in adults, banded in young; spots present on head

and gill membranes but usually absent from upper lips anteriorly; pectoral fins uniformly

brown or striped; body generally uniformly brown, but small specimens (less than 100

mm SL) sometimes covered with large brown spots

,Auchenionchus microcirrhis (Valenciennes)

Subfamily CLININAE

Tribe MYXODINI

Springer (1970) differentiated the genera of the

tribe Myxodini, in which he recognized two South

American genera, Myxodes, with two species, from

the eastern Pacific, and Ribeiroclinus, monotypic

from the western Atlantic. The new Pacific species,

Myxodes ornatus, described below is superficially

similar to Ribeiroclinus in color pattern and dorsalfin shape. While some of the meristic characters of

M. ornatus are intermediate between those of

Myxodes and Ribeiroclinus as reported by Springer,

its morphometric characteristics (Tables 1-2), 2

epurals, and biserial jaw teeth seem to ally it more

closely with Myxodes.

The head, eye diameter, first dorsal-fin spine, and

pelvic fin of Ribeiroclinus are longer than those of

Myxodes. Most of these differences apparently reflect the shorter body of Ribeiroclinus, which has a

markedly lower number of vertebrae (40-41 vs 45-

51 in Myxodes). Although the number of dorsaland anal-fin elements almost overlap in Ribeiroclinus and M. ornatus, the former has at least four

fewer vertebrae than the latter, and therefore a different relationship exists between its vertebrae and

median-fin pterygiophores.

Myxodes ornatus, new species

FIGURE 2

HOLOTYPE.—SIO 65-678, 9, 54.3 mm SL, collected by B. W. Walker and party, La Ventana,

Chile, 28 December 1965.

PARATYPES.—3 9 9, 50.8-59.1 mm SL, same data

as holotype.

DESCRIPTION.—The diagnostic characteristics of

this species are presented in the key. Table 1 lists
NUMBER 159

w Jlilln

FIGURE 2.—Myxodes ornatus, holotype, SIO 65-678, female. 54.3 mm SL, La Ventana, Chile: a,

lateral view; b, enlarged view of portion of lateral line and surrounding scales. (Drawn by

J. R. Schroeder.)

counts and measurements of the holotype and three

paratypes and presents comparable information for

Ribeiroclinus eigenmanni. Table 2 compares median fin-ray differences between Myxodes and Ribeiroclinus.

Pores: Preoperculomandibular series: 1 commissural, 2-5 occipital, 7-8 preopercular, 4 mandibular;

1 in postorbital series; 7 in infraorbital series; supraorbital series: 4-6 and commissural; nasal 2; lateralline series: 22-24 simple pores in anterior arched

portion extending to midline of body, 25-27 short,

superficial tubes in posterior straight portion.

Upper jaw with about 20-22 enlarged teeth in

outer row followed posteromedially by inner row of

12-28 smaller teeth; lower jaw with 20-24 enlarged

outer teeth and 8-16 smaller inner teeth; palatine

and vomerine teeth absent; gill rakers 3 + 7 on

first arch.

Orbital cirrus simple, subcircular flap; nasal cirrus tiny, simple flap on tube of anterior nares.

Scales small, imbedded, well developed, dense on

anterior half of body, becoming sparse to absent on

posterior half; caudal peduncle naked; head, fins,

and pectoral-fin base unsealed.

Color pattern (females only): Body tan to

brown, marked with nine dark brown bands, anterior three not reaching ventral contour of body,

posterior bands extending onto median fins. Several

small, pale spots on body; head dark brown with

pale horizontal stripe extending from eye to anterior

border of opercle, another stripe extending from

lower margin of eye over posterior half of jaws;

some small unpigmented spots below jaws on anteroventral edge of opercle; dorsal fin with several

irregular dark brown bands; caudal fin dark brown,

usually with narrow pale band at peduncle; anal

fin with several dark bands; pectoral and pelvic fins

mottled, bases with unpigmented areas; orbital cirrus dark brown; nasal cirrus unpigmented.

SPECIES COMPARISON.—Myxodes ornatus may be

distinguished from the other species of Myxodes by
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Counts and measurements of Myxodes ornatus and Ribeiroclinus

eigenmanni (measurements in mm, percent SL in parentheses)

Character

Myxodes ornatus SIO 65-678

Holotype Paratypes

Ribeiroclinus eigenmanni USNM 142904

Dorsal fin

Anal fin

Pectoral fin

Pelvic fin

Caudal fin

Standard length

Head length

Head depth

Head width

Upper jaw length ..

Orbit length

Snout length

Interorbital width .

Predorsal length .. .

Preanal length

Caudal peduncle

length

Caudal peduncle

depth

Distance from last

anal-fin ray tip to

caudal base

First dorsal-fin

spine length .. .

Fourth dorsal-fin

spine length ... .

Distance between

dorsal-fin spines

1 and 3

Distance between

dorsal-fin spines

3 and 4

Pectoral-fin length .

Pelvic-fin length .. .

Innermost pelvic-fin

ray length

Caudal-fin length .

Orbital cirrus length

XXXII-4

II-22

12-12

1-3

12

54.3

12.0 (22.0)

7.8 (14.4)

6.2 (11.4)

3.5 ( 6.4)

2.9 ( 5.3)

2.8 ( 5.2)

1.5 ( 2.8)

7.8 (14.4)

22.5 (41.4)

XXXIV-4

11-23

12-12

1-3

12

59.1

12.0 (20.3)

8.2 (13.9)

6.7 (11.3)

4.0 ( 6.8)

3.0 ( 5.1)

3.0 ( 5.1)

1.5 ( 2.5)

8.2 (13.9)

22.8 (38.6)

XXXII-4

II-22

12-12

1-3

12

50.8

11.7 (23.0)

8.0 (15.7)

6.2 (12.2)

3.2 ( 6.3)

2.9 ( 5.7)

2.7 ( 5.3)

1.3 ( 2.6)

7.2 (14.2)

22.0 (43.3)

XXXII-4

11-22

12-12

1-3

12

56.8

12.0 (21.1)

7.9 (13.9)

6.2 (10.9)

6.2 (10.9)

3.0 ( 5.3)

2.6 ( 4.6)

1.5 ( 2.6)

7.5 (13.2)

23.0 (40.5)

5.9 (10.9) 6.2 (10.5) 6.1 (12.0) 6.7 (11.8)

3.2 ( 5.9) 3.0 ( 5.1) 3.0 ( 5.9) 3.1 ( 5.5)

3 5 ( 5.9) 2.1 ( 3.6) 3.3 ( 6.5) 3.2 ( 5.6)

4.8 ( 8.8) 4.5 ( 7.6) 4.6 ( 9.1) 5.5 ( 9.7)

3.0 ( 5.5) 2.8 ( 4.7) 3.0 ( 5.9) 3.0 ( 5.3)

25 ( 4.6) 2.2 ( 3.7) 2.3 ( 4.5) 2.8 ( 4.9)

2.5 ( 4.6) 3.0 ( 5.1)

8.0 (14.7) 8.1 (13.7)

6.5 (12.0) 6.5 (11.0)

4.5 ( 8.3) 4.2 ( 7.1)

9.2 (16.9) 9.5 (16.1)

1.7 ( 3.1) 1.2 ( 2.0)

2.6 ( 5.1) 2.6 ( 4.6)

8.3 (16.3) 8.0 (14.1)

6.5 (12.8) 6.7 (11.8)

5.0 ( 9.8) 4.5 ( 7.9)

8.4 (16.9) 9.0 (15.8)

1.3 ( 2.6) 1.8 ( 3.2)

XXXII-2

11-21

13-12

1-3

13

47.2

11.8 (25.0)

8.5 (18.0)

6.5 (13.8)

3.6 ( 7.6)

3.6 ( 7.6)

3.0 ( 6.4)

1.8 ( 3.8)

7.7 (16.3)

22.0 (46.6)

XXXIII-2

11-21

12-12

1-3

12

46.0

11.8 (25.7)

8.2 (17.8)

6.5 (14.1)

4.1 ( 8.9)

3.6 ( 7.8)

3.2 ( 7.0)

2.0 ( 4.0)

8.2 (17.8)

20.0 (43.5)

XXXII-2

11-21

12-12

1-3

13

49.7

12.1 (24.3)

8.5 (17.1)

6.8 (13.8)

4.2 ( 8.5)

3.8 ( 7.6)

3.2 ( 6.4)

1.8 ( 3.6)

8.2 (16.5)

23.6 (47.5)

XXXII-2

11-22

12-12

1-3

12

46.2

12.0 (26.0)

8.2 (17.7)

6.6 (14.3)

3.9 ( 8.4)

3.8 ( 8.2)

3.0 ( 6.5)

1.8 ( 3.9)

8.2 (17.7)

21.5 (46.5)

3.8 ( 8.1) 3.7 ( 8.0) 3.3 ( 6.6) 3.6 ( 7.8)

3.2 ( 6.8) 3.0 ( 6.1) 3.5 ( 7.0) 3.2 ( 6.9)

0 0 0 0

6.0 (12.7) 6.5 (14.1) 5.7 (11.5) 6.7 (14.5)

2.8 ( 5.9) 3.2 ( 7.0) 3.1 ( 6.2) 3.1 ( 6.7)

2.5 ( 5.3) 2.2 ( 4.8) 2.5 ( 5.0) 2.0 ( 4.3)

2.5 ( 5.3) 3.0 ( 6.5)

8.7 (18.4) 8.7 (18.9)

7.8 (16.5) 7.8 (17.0)

4.2 ( 8.9) 4.0 ( 8.7)

7.6 (16.1) 10.1 (22.0)

1.2 ( 2.5) 1.4 ( 3.0)

3.2 ( 6.4) 2.7 ( 5.8)

8.8 (17.7) 8.5 (18.4)

8.2 (16.5) 8.2 (17.7)

4.6 ( 9.3) 4.2 ( 9.1)

9.7 (19.5) 9.8 (21.2)

1.6 ( 3.2) 1.5 ( 3.2)

TABLE 2.—Frequency distributions of numbers of median-fin elements in Ribeiroclinus and Myxodes

Species

Ribeiroclinus

eigenmanni

Myxodes

ornatus

viridis

cristatus

Total dorsal-fin elements

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43

3 1

3 - 1

11 9 1

4 4 1

Dorsal-fin spines

32 33 34 35 36 37 38

3 1

3 - 1

1 17 3

1 7 1

Segmented

dorsal-fin rays

2 3 4 5 6 7

4

4

12 9

3 6

Segmented

anal-fin rays

21 22 23 24 25 26

3 1

3 1

15 6

1 7
NUMBER 159

t ,

""

FICURE 3.—Myxodes viridis, SIO 65-678, female, 73.4 mm SL, La Ventana, Chile. (Drawn by

J. R. Schroeder.)

its distinctive color pattern, low number of median

(in rays, notched spinous dorsal fin, and lower number of mandibular and supraorbital cranial sensory

pores.

DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from La Ventana,

Chile.

Myxodes viridis Valenciennes

FICURE 3

Myxodes viridis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:398 [coast of Chile; holotype, MNHN A. 4139].

Myxodes ocetlatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836: 400 [Valparaiso; holotype, MNHN A.1705].

Myxodes schmitti Hubbs, 1952:109 [Independencia Bay, Peru;

erroneously reported as Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos

Islands in original description; holotype, LJSNM 102008].

Hubbs (1952) first synonymized Af. ocellatus

with Af. viridis but gave no reason for his action.

We have examined the holotypes of both species

and agree with Hubbs' action. The color pattern

differences upon which Valenciennes distinguished

the two species are representative of normal variations encountered in a single collection.

Hubbs described Af. schmitti from the erroneous

type-locality of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. The

locality was corrected to Independencia Bay, Peru,

by Springer (1970). Hubbs reported that Af.

schmitti had a longer head (approximately 20 percent SL) and deeper body (approximately 22 percent SL) than Af. viridis (head length and body

depth both supposedly approximately 17 percent

SL). Our methods must be different from Hubbs',

for we find that head length ranges from 20.5-22.2

percent SL and body depth 19.1-20.9 percent SL in

specimens of Af. viridis, including the holotype of

Af. schmitti. We therefore find no reason to maintain Af. schmitti.

DESCRIPTION.—Salient specific characters are presented in the key. Dorsal fin XXXIV-XXXVI

(35.1), 6-7 (6.4); total dorsal-fin elements 41^3;

anal fin II, XXXIV-XXXVI 24-25 (24.2); pectoral

fin 11-12 (12); pelvic fin I, 3; caudal fin 11-13 (12);

vertebrae 16-18 + 31-34 = 48-51.

Morphometric characters of eleven specimens examined: SL 46.1-127.0 mm, head length 20.5-22.2,

head depth 14.2-15.7, head width 10.9-12.6, upperjaw length 6.7-8.1, eye diameter 4.6-5.7, snout

length 4.7-6.9, interorbital width 2.7-3.4, predorsal

length 14.8-16.6, preanal length 39.7-45.0, body

depth 19.1-20.9, caudal-peduncle length 9.1-12.9,

caudal-peduncle depth 5.7-6.6, length first dorsalfin spine 4.6-7.3, length fourth dorsal-fin spine 4.6-

6.0, distance between dorsal-fin spines three and

four 3.3-4.5, distance between dorsal-fin spines one

and three 3.2-4.7, pectoral-fin length 12.3-17.0, pelvic-fin length 9.5-11.6, length inner pelvic-fin ray

6.7-9.3, orbital-cirrus length 1.0-1.6, nasal-cirrus

length 0.9-1.3.

SPECIES COMPARISON.—Myxodes viridis is similar

to Af. cristatus in total number of median-fin rays

and vertebrae as well as number of mandibular and

supraorbital sensory pores. The two species differ

from each other in color pattern, number of dorsalfin spines, segmented dorsal- and anal-fin rays

(Table 2), orbital-cirrus length, first dorsal spine

length (Figure 5), caudal-peduncle length (Figure

6), and interorbital width (Figure 7). DeBuen

(1962) gives higher pectoral-fin ray counts (13-14)

for C. viridis than any we have found. All our speci-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 4.—Myxodes cristatus, USNM 205103, male, 81.4 mm S L, La Ventana, Chile. (Drawn by

J. R. Schroeder.)

mens of M. cristatus and the majority of our specimens of Af. viridis, including the holotypes, have

12 pectoral-fin rays; 11 rays were only found in 2.8

percent of our specimens of Af. viridis.

Early in our study of Myxodes we thought that

Af. cristatus and Af. viridis represented males and

females of a single dimorphic species. All our sexed

specimens (N = 8, the types were not sexed) of Af.

cristatus are males, and all but one of our specimens

of Af. viridis are either females or immature (N —

66: 5 9 9, 1 $, 60 immature). The fact that both

Af. cristatus and Af. ornatus are known only from

a single sex may indicate that the sexes are segregated, possibly in their depth distributions, as suggested by Williams (1954) for the myxodinine

genus Gibbonsia.

DISTRIBUTION.—All three species of Myxodes were

taken in the same collection (SIO 65-678) at La Ventana, Chile. Myxodes viridis occurs north at least to

Independencia Bay, Peru, and on the basis of our

collections does not occur south of Valparaiso.

Myxodes cristatus, on the other hand, is known to

occur only from La Ventana south, our most southern record being Puerto Auchemo (43°O1' south

latitude). It appears, therefore, that Af. viridis and

Af. cristatus are largely allopatric.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Chile: Valparaiso, MNHN

A-4139 (holotype of Af. viridis, 125); La Ventana,

SIO 65-678 (57:43-128), USNM 205104 (3:53-95),

USNM 208072 (1:74); Vina del Mar, UCLA 66-58

(1:65); Montemar, USNM 200673 (2:58-92); Coast

of Chile, MNHN A-1705 (holotype of Af. ocellatus,

123); Peru, 14° 16' south latitude, USNM 203558

(1:42); Independencia Bay, USNM 102008 (holotype of Af. schmitti, 146).

Myxodes cristatus Valenciennes

FIGURE 4

Myxodes cristatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:401 [coast of Chile; holotype and paratypes, MNHN

A.21O3].

DESCRIPTION.—Salient characters are listed in the

key and Table 2. Dorsal fin XXXVI-XXXV1II

(37.0),S-4 (3.7); total dorsal-fin elements 40-42; anal

fin 11,25-26 (25.8); pectoral fin 12; pelvic fin I, 3;

caudal fin 11-12 (12); vertebrae 16-17 + 32 = 48-

49 (3 specimens).

oo o

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

STANDARD LENGTH IN MM

FICURE 5.—Relationship of first dorsal spine length to standard length.

Myxodes cristatus % Myxodes viridis Q
NUMBER 159

40 SO 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

STANDARD LENGTH IN MM

FIGURE 6.—Relationship of caudal peduncle length to standard length.

Myxodes cristatus % Myxodes viridis Q

Morphometric characters of eight specimens examined: SL 70.0-123.0 mm; head length 20.8-22.5;

head depth 14.3-15.6; head width 10.4-11.5; upperjaw length 6.5-7.8; eye diameter 4.0-4.9; snout

length 4.4-5.8; interorbital width 2.1-2.5; predorsal

length 13.0-14.7; preanal length 39.4-44.6; caudalpeduncle length 6.3-8.3; caudal-peduncle depth

5.2-6.2; length first dorsal-fin spine 8.1-10.4; length

fourth dorsal-fin spine 5.8-6.4; distance between

dorsal-fin spines three and four 3.7-4.6; distance between dorsal-fin spines one and three 3.9-5.7;

pectoral-fin length 13.5-18.9; pelvic fin length

9.0-11.4; length inner pelvic-fin ray 6.5-8.7; orbitalcirrus length 1.7-2.5; nasal-cirrus length 0.6-1.5.

SPECIES COMPARISON AND DISTRIBUTION.—See M.

vtridis.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED (those specimens indicated

by an asterisk were lost in the mail subsequent to

our examination of them).—Chile: MNHN A-2103

(holotype, 105 ± 15, and paratype, 148); La Ventana, USNM 205103 (1:81), SI0 65-678 (1:80); Vina

del Mar, UCLA 66-58 (2:24-83); Gulf of Ancud,

USNM 203557 (3:108-123);* Puerto Auchemo,

USNM 176543 (1:71)-*

m z

OS K

LU Q

O O

o o# o # •

40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

STANDARD LENGTH IN MM

FIGURE 7.—Relationship of interorbital width to standard

length.

Myxodes cristatus # Myxodes viridis O

Subfamily LABRISOMINAE

Hubbs (1952) erected the tribe Labrisomini for

the genera Labrisomus, Malacoctenus, Auchenionchus, Calliclinus, and Myersichthys. He erected

the subtribe Labrisomidi for the first two of these

genera and the subtribe Calliclinidi for the other

three. He distinguished the subtribes by the presence

of branched caudal-fin rays in the Calliclinidi and

simple caudal-fin rays in the Labrisomidi. Interestingly, he erected a tribe, Cryptotremini, for two

other genera (Cryptotrema, Alloclinus) of the subfamily Labrisominae with branched caudal-fin rays.

He differentiated the tribe Cryptotremini from

the tribe Labrisomini because the first three dorsalfin spines of the Cryptotremini were soft and flexible, whereas those of the Labrisomini were supposedly sharp and rigid. However, the anterior

dorsal-fin spines of one species of Labrisomini

(Labrisomus filamentosus Springer, described after

Hubbs' study) are soft and flexible, and the spines

of Cryptotrema corallinum Gilbert at best only

questionably conform to Hubbs' description. Thus,

the characters used by Hubbs to define the Cryptotremini are distributed mosaically among Hubbs'

tribes Cryptotremini and Labrisomini.

We believe that the presence or absence of flexible anterior dorsal-fin spines is a character of little

consequence for maintaining higher categories of

clinids. We prefer to unite those clinids with

branched caudal-fin rays into a single tribe, Cryptotremini, under which we synonymize the Calliclinini. In doing so we recognize that branched

caudal-fin rays represent the unspecialized (plesiomorphic) condition in clinids. According to the

tenets of Phylogenetic Systematics (Hennig, 1966)

we are unjustified in recognizing relationships based
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

on a plesiomorphic character. Our tribe Cryptotremini is based on similarity, and may well be

reorganized when the phylogenetic paradigm is employed in an analysis of the Clinidae. We retain

the tribe Labrisomini for Malacoctenus and Labrisomus, which genera have specialized caudal fins

with unbranched rays (this character is, however,

typical of all clinids except the Cryptotremini; for

other characters separating the tribes of the subfamily Labrisominae see Hubbs, 1952, and Rosenblatt and Taylor, 1971).

It is of interest, if coincidental, that the geographic distribution of the Crytotremini, which we

consider to be the least specialized tribe of the subfamily Labrisominae, is antitropical, just as is the

distribution of the Myxodini, which we consider

(Springer, 1970) to be the least specialized tribe

of the other clinid subfamily, Clininae. None of the

other clinid tribes is antitropical in distribution.

Tribe LABRISOMINI

Malacoctenus tetranemus (Cope)

Blennius tetranemus Cope, 1877:42 [Pacasmayo Bay, Peru;

types lost].

Labrisomus afuerae Hildebrand, 1946:400 [Lobos de Afuera

Island, Peru; holotype USNM 128213].

Malacoctenus afuerae multipunctatus Springer, 1959:462

[southwest end of San Lucas Bay, Baja California; holotype CAS SU 49596].

This species, as Malacoctenus afuerae, has been

adequately described and differentiated by Springer

(1959).

The depository of the holotype of Blennius tetranemus was not given in the original description,

but most logically would have been the Academy

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Repeated searches

of that collection, and many others, have failed to

locate the holotype. The description clearly applies

to a clinid as no other family of fishes exhibits the

combination of dorsal- anal- and pectoral-fin

element combinations, dorsal-fin shape and position, disposition of head cirri, and color pattern.

Of those clinids known from Peru it could only

apply to Labrisomus multiporosus or Malacoctenus

afuerae, both well-known, but infrequently reported, species. Both of these names are more

recent than tetranemus and are thus in jeopardy.

We therefore prefer to recognize Blennius tetranemus as a senior synonym of Labrisomus afuerae and

to stabilize the nomenclature by designating the

holotype of L. afuerae as the neotype of B. tetranemus. As a result of this action L. afuerae is an

objective junior synonym of B. tetranemus.

Malacoctenus afuerae multipunctatus was believed to be restricted to the Pacific coast of Mexico

north of the Gulf bf Tehuantepec, and was differentiated from the iiominal subspecies in having the

belly densely spotted, as opposed to lacking spots

on the belly. Recently collected specimens of M.

tetranemus from Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (new locality records for the species) exhibit

variation in the amount of spotting on the belly,

ranging from dense to absent. Recently collected

specimens from Peru either lack spotting or have

broad dark markings on the belly. In view of the

large variation of color pattern within a population we do not believe that subspecies in M. tetranemxis are warranted.

RANGE.—From the northern end of the Gulf of

California to the Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru.

MATERIAL (in addition to that reported by

Springer, 1959).—Ecuador: Bahia Santa Elena,

USNM 207595 (1:59); Galapagos Islands: USNM

205842 (22:29-49); Peru: Lobos de Afuera Islands,

USNM 205843 (11:42-72).

Labrisomus (Labrisomus) multiporosus Hubbs

Labrisomus (Labrisomus) multiporosus Hubbs, 1953:131 [Turtle Bay, Baja California, to Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru;

holotype CAS SU 17553, Ormos in Acapulco Harbor, Guerrero, Mexico].

This species was fully treated by Hubbs (1953),

and we have no information of consequence to add

to his report. The species has not been recorded

from south of northern Peru.

Labrisomus (Labrisomus) philippii (Steindachner)

Clinus philippii Steindachner, 1866:210 [west coast of South

America; holotype presumably at the Naturhistorisches

Museum, Vienna].

Clinus fortidentatus Cope, 1877:42 [Callao Bay; holotype apparently lost].

Clinus chilensis Sauvage, 1883:157 [Chile; holotype, MNHN

A. 4870].

This species was adequately described by Hubbs

(1953). He erroneously listed Steindachner's description as "Labrisomus philippii" and failed to note

that Clinus chilensis Sauvage was a synonym of
NUMBER 159 11

L. philippii, which Bauchot (1967) was first to

recognize.

The species is commonly represented in collections from Peru, and is known to range from close

to the northern border of Peru (Isla Lobos de

Tierra) to Coquimbo, Chile. The species is apparently uncommon south of the upper third of

the Chilean coast; it was not reported by DeBuen

(1962) in any of his collections from Montemar

(near Valparaiso) or points south.

Tribe CRYPTOTREMINI

Auchenionchus Gill

Auchenionchus Gill, 1860:103 [originally given as Anchenionchus; first corrected spelling in Abbott, 1899; original

orthography considered in error by Jordan, 1919; typespecks: CUnits variolosus Valenciennes, by original designation].

Flabelliclinus DeBuen, 1962:57 [proposed as a subgenus of

Auchenionchus; type-species: Auchenionchus verrucosus

DeBuen, 1962 (= Clinus microcirrhis Valenciennes), by

original designation].

Chalucoclinus DeBuen, 1962:57 [proposed as a subgenus of

Auchenionchus; type-species: Auchenionchus chalaco DeBuen, 1962 (= Clinus crinitus Jenyns), by original designation].

DeBuen (1962) differentiated his subgenus Flabelliclinus from Auchenionchus on the structure of

their supraorbital and nuchal tentacles (our translation of his differentiation follows):

Males with a thick, fleshy supraorbital tentacle with small

basal tentacles. Females only with the basal tentacles. Nuchal

tentacles absent or represented by small membranous laminae

Auchenionchus

Supraorbital tentacles consisting of small, fingerlike projections, similar among themselves. Nuchal tentacles small

and palmate Flabelliclinus

Only the males of the subgenus Auchenionchus

would be readily distinguished by the orbital cirrus

(supraorbital tentacles) character while the nape

cirri (nuchal tentacles) appear to be extraordinarily

variable, and often are damaged or missing. Therefore, these differences in cirri do not appear worthy

of subgeneric status. DeBuen examined only one

specimen (the holotype of A. verrucosus) attributed

by him to the subgenus Flabelliclinus. He refers

only to literature citations for the other included

species, A. crinitus. In his description of A. verrucosus he does not mention its sex (it appears to be

a female based on the nature of the spotting of the

illustrated specimen, and we consider it a synonym

of A. microcirrhis). The nature of the cirri and spotting on the head can be used in conjunction with

additional characters (see key) to distinguish A.

microcirrhis from A. crinitus, but we do not believe

that subgeneric separation is warranted.

DeBuen distinguished his subgenus Chalacoclinus

from Auchenionchus and Flabelliclinus by the

presence of two pelvic-fin rays in Chalacoclinus and

three in Auchenionchus and Flabelliclinus. DeBuen had a single specimen, which served as the

basis for both his new subgenus, Chalacoclinus, and

new species, Auchenionchus chalaco. We believe

that the pelvic fins of that specimen are anomalous.

We have seen other specimens of clinids, including

at least two from Chile, with bilaterally malformed

pelvic fins. DeBuen's description of A. chalaco, except for the number of pelvic-fin rays is applicable

to Auchenionchus crinitus, and the color pattern

he describes and the number of orbital and nape

cirri are descriptive only of A. crinitus. We, therefore, have synonymized A. chalaco with A. crinitus.

The three species of Auchenionchus fall into two

groups based on the number of pectoral-fin rays.

If subgenera should be recognized in Auchenionchus, then either Flabelliclinus or Chalacoclinus

would be available for the group that is different

from the one including the type-species of Auchenionchus.

All three species of Auchenionchus occur together

at La Ventana, Chile (SIO 65-678), in the vicinity

of Valparaiso (33°S). A. crinitus was originally

described from Coquimbo (30°S) and subsequently

listed from Iquique (20°S) (Steindachner 1898);

its synonym, A. chalaco, was described from Antofagasta (23°S), and we have one specimen from

Pucusana, Peru (12°30'S)- A. microcirrhis was

originally described from Valparaiso and is known

to occur as far north as Independencia Bay, Peru

(Cope, 1877, listed it from Callao). Mann (1954)

lists A. variolosus from Iquique to the "extreme

austral" region of Chile. Our most southerly specimen is from Tome (36°38'S). It is possible that

A. variolosus is primarily distributed to the south

of Valparaiso while A. microcirrhis and A. crinitus

are generally distributed to the north, with the

former the most northerly in distribution.

Auchenionchus variolosus (Valenciennes)

FIGURE 8

Climis variolosus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:381 [Valparaiso, Chile; holotype, MNHN A.2170].
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 3.—Frequency distribution for meristic characters in Auchenionchus (asterisk denotes holotype)

Species

Total dorsalfin elements

35 36 37 38

Dorsal-fin

spines

24 25 26

Segmented

dorsal-fin rays

11 12

Pectoralfin rays

13 14

Segmented

anal-fin rays

21 22 23 24

Lateral-line scales

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

A. microcirrhis (N — 23) .

A. crinitus (N = 14)

A. variolosus (N = 5) ....

7 12 4«

3* 11

!• 4

18 5«

14*

8 15"

3» 11

!• 4

46#

28*

22*

3 !!•

10*

1 2 2 4 2* 6

2 2 2» 2

111 1

1 1

Calliclinus validus DeBuen, 1962:80 [zone of Valparaiso;

holotype EBM 10.390, apparently destroyed].

DESCRIPTION.—Counts, including those of holotype, are summarized in Table 3. Salient characters

are presented in the key. Dorsal fin XXIV, 11-12;

total dorsal-fin elements 35-36; anal fin 11,22; pectoral fin 14; pelvic fin 1,3; caudal fin 13; lateral-line

scales 56-59; vertebrae 12-13 + 29-30 = 42 (based

on 5 specimens).

Morphometric characters of four specimens examined: SL 101.2-178.0 mm; head length 29.7-

31.5; head depth 21.9-24.1; head width 16.6-21.6;

upper jaw length 12.1-14.5; eye diameter 5.0-6.1;

snout length 8.0-10.0; interorbital width 3.1-3.4;

predorsal length 21.1-24.3; preanal length 49.4-

53.3; caudal-peduncle depth 7.9-8.6; caudal-peduncle length 6.9-8.2; pectoral-fin length 22.0-24.4;

pelvic-fin length 14.2—17.5; length first dorsal-fin

spine 5.6-7.1; length fourth dorsal-fin spine 8.0-11.2.

Orbit with cluster of 8-20 cirri (more than 10

in specimens longer than 157 mm), some simple,

others bifid to multifid; all cirri contiguous at base

but no common raised stalk present. In 3 specimens

the nape cirrus consists of 4-10 free tips arrayed

along a palmate, flattened, transverse flap (in

USNM 208293 the nape cirrus is absent on one

side; the holotype of C. variolosus has a simple cirrus

on one side; the cirrus on the other side is missing) ;

nasal cirri of 3-6 branches arising from a common

base. Each jaw with about 20 widely spaced, large,

recurved teeth on border; teeth variable in size,

largest anteriorly; patch of small teeth posteriomedially; palatines and vomer covered with small

teeth; no cirrus-like projections at tips of fin rays;

anal fin not bound to caudal peduncle; no scales on

head anterior to angle of opercle, none on operculum or gill membranes, weakly developed or absent on belly, pectoral-fin base and fins; lateral line

horizontal, high on body anteriorly, then abruptly

dropping to midline; numerous tubercle-like head

pores around orbit, nasal, and postorbital region

dorsally, numerous sensory pores on head. No wartlike protuberances covering top of head.

Color in alcohol (USNM 208293): Ground color

deep tan with slightly reddish hue; head darker

than body, not obviously patterned, lightly pigmented beneath jaws and on branchiostegal membrane; head cirri unpigmented; body and dorsal

fin traversed by five well-developed, black bars; bars

wide (each covering four rays), obvious on dorsal

fin, becoming indistinct black mottling toward anal

fin; first bar crosses first two dorsal spines, its posterior margin even with angle of opercle, its anterior

limit coalescing indistinguishably with darkly pigmented head; belly unmarked; caudal fin mottled,

without distinct bands; anal fin dark brown at base,

fin rays unpigmented distally; pectoral fin brown,

uniformly pigmented; pelvic fin paler than pectoral,

unmarked; peritoneum black.

One specimen (SIO 65-678) differs from above

description in having dark brown spots on jaws

and belly and distinct bands on caudal and

pectoral fins. This is the only female specimen available, and these differences may be sexually associated. In many species of clinids the females are

more heavily spotted than the males.

The holotype of Clinus variolosus, the largest

specimen of the species available, is gutted and in

poor condition. Much of the color pattern has faded,

but it is possible to discern that the entire head,

body, and all the fins are densely covered with small

dark spots.

DISCUSSION AND COMPARISON.—DeBuen (1962)

placed A. variolosus in the genus Calliclinus, in

which he also recognized four other species: geniguttatus, coventryi, guttulatus and, validus. DeBuen's allocation of C. coventryi was based solely

on Fowler's (1940) inadequate description. C. coventryi is a synonym of Calliclinus geniguttatus.

DeBuen's C. geniguttatus and C. guttulatus appear

to be misidentifications of specimens referable to

Auchenionchus variolosus, and his new species, C.

validus, also appears identifiable with A. variolosus.
NUMBER 159 13

FIGURE 8.—Auchenionchus variolosus, USNM 208293, male, 162 mm S L, Montemar, Chile: a,

lateral view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirrus; c, enlarged view of orbital cirri; d, enlarged view

of nape cirri; e, enlarged view of tips of some dorsal fin spines. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

If one ignores DeBuen's apparently inaccurate finray counts, his main characteristics for separating

the several species of Calliclinns (except C. coventryi) were the form and number of the nuchal and

orbital cirri. In our five specimens of A. variolosus

the nuchal cirri are variable, and the orbital cirrus,

though always multifid, varies in its degree of

branching. DeBuen's new species, C. validus, is

based on a single specimen, the description of which

agrees with the holotype of C. variolosus, except

that there are only four gill rakers on the lower

limb of the first arch. None of our specimens, including the holotype, have less than seven gill

rakers, although the lower two or three are usually

rudimentary. We prefer at this time to treat C.

validus and all other Auchenionchus with 14 pectoral-fin rays as a single species, A. variolosus.

Besides pectoral-fin ray number, A. variolosus

may be differentiated from other species of the

genus by its well-developed orbital cirrus, with some

bifid to multifid members, reduced squamation,

lateral-line pattern, black peritoneum, and low

number of dorsal-fin spines (24 rather than 25-26)

and segmented anal-fin rays (22, rather than 23-24).
14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

m b

FIGURE 9.—Auchenionchus microcirrhis, SIO 65-678, male, 120 mm S L, La Ventana, Chile: a,

lateral view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirrus; c, enlarged view of orbital cirrus; d, enlarged

view of nape cirrus; e, enlarged view of some dorsal fin spines. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Chile: Valparaiso, MNHN A. 2170 (holotype of C. variolosus, 246);

Tome, USNM 77380 (1:178); Montemar, USNM

208293 (1:162); La Ventana, SIO 65-670 (1:101) ;

SIO 65-678 (1:157).

Auchenionchus microcirrhis (Valenciennes)

FIGURE 9

Clinus microcirrhis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:384 [coasts of Valparaiso; syntypes, MNHN, A.2O72.

A.2126; lectotypc designated in specimens examined below].

Clinus peruvianus Valenciennes, 1836:383 [no type or typelocality designated; probably Peru; described from a drawing reproduced herein as Figure 10].

Clinus niger Philippi, 18%: 377 [Chile; holotype apparently

destroyed].

Auchenionchus tentaculatus DeBuen, 1962:63 [Auca; holotype, EBM 10.356, apparently destroyed].

Auchenionchus verrucosus DeBuen, 1962:68 [Antofagasta;

holotype, EBM 10.021, apparently destroyed].

Auchenionchus miniatus DeBuen, 1962:60 [zone of Valparaiso; holotype, EBM 10.372, apparently destroyed].

DESCRIPTION.—Counts are summarized in Table

3. Salient characters are presented in the key. Dorsal

fin XXV-XXVI.11-12; total dorsal-fin elements 36-

38; anal fin 11,23-24; pectoral fin 13; pelvic fin 1,3;

caudal fin 13; lateral-line scales 56-63; vertebrae

12-13 + 29-31 = 32-33.

Morphometric characters of eleven specimens examined: SL 64.0-252.0 mm; head length 26.4-30.0;

head depth 18.8-22.9; head width 13.8-21.6; upperjaw length 11.9-15.0; eye diameter 4.6-7.7; snout

length 7.7-12.0; interorbital width 2.4-4.6; predorsal length 23.2-26.6; preanal length 46.3-52.4;
NUMBER 159 15

FK.I RE 10.—Photocopy of illustration serving as basis for description of Clinus peruvianus

Valenciennes. (Original illustration in library of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de

Paris.)

caudal peduncle depth 7.7—9.4; caudal-peduncle

length 6.0-9.4; pectoral-fin length 16.6-20.8; pelvicfin length 9.1-14.0; first dorsal-fin spine length

5.9-7.6; fourth dorsal-fin spine length 6.5-8.2.

Color in alcohol: Ground color dark brown becoming light brown to tan ventrally; few distinct

markings on large adults; orbital region of head

and cirri almost black, a well-developed large brown

spot covers dorsal half of opercle of some specimens;

brown spots on branchiostegal membrane and pelvic base, spotting sometimes covering jaws below

lips; body with some irregular mottling, a sprinkling

of small, dark brown spots on belly and under

axilla; spots vary in size from tiny dots to pupil-sized

markings; dorsal fin brown, darker anteriorly, with

line of dark pigment along proximal edge posteriorly; occasional specimens with 5 faint, black

bars along dorsal-fin base that extend across fin; anal

fin light brown with few dark-brown spots along

proximal portion of membrane; caudal and pectoral fins uniformly dark brown; pelvic fins light

brown. A 140 mm SL specimen (SIO 65-678) has

a vertical white band crossing body at posterior

extention of pectoral fin. Specimens less than 65

mm have distinctly banded caudal and pectoral

fins and well-developed, dark-brown band at caudal

fin base. No obvious sexual dichromatism present,

though males tend to be darker and females may

have more extensive ventral spotting.

DISCUSSION.—There are seven names available for

the two species of Auchenionchus with 13 pectoral

rays. The two oldest names that can be assigned

definitely to our specimens are C. microcirrhis and

C. crinitus. The characters separating these two

species are not obvious, and it is only with some

hesitation that a synonymy can be developed from

those nominal species without extant types. C.

microcirrhis applies to specimens with well-developed palatine dentition (Figure 11), few orbital

cirri (Figure 12), modally 25 dorsal-fin spines and

11,23 anal-fin elements. The holotype of C. crinitus

has 12-15 teeth on each palatine and the orbital

"cirrus" consisting of 11 separate cirri, 26 dorsal-fin

spines, and an anal-fin count of 11,24. All of these

characters are consistent with our non-microcirrhis

specimens with 13 pectoral-fin rays, and we therefore apply to these the name Auchenionchus crinitus.

Clinus peruvianus was described from an illustration, which is reproduced here as Figure 10. The

figure appears to represent a specimen whose dorsal

fin and nape were malformed or badly damaged and

healed. This would explain the presence of only 18

dorsal-fin spines and the position of the fin origin

posterior to the limit of the opercle. The 21 analfin rays are close to the number found in the genus

Auchenionchus but are more numerous than those

of the only other clinid genus (Labrisomus) to which

the description and figure could be referred. The

pectoral-fin count (10) is obviously erroneous, unless the fin was aberrant. In order to remove this

name from nomenclatural contention we designate
16

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

H i

400

360

320

280

z

< 240

Q.

u. 200

O

oc

£ 160

S

Z 120

-i

O 80

i40

30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240

STANDARD LENGTH IN MM

FIGURE 11.—Relationship of number of palatine teeth to

standard length.

Auchenionchus microcirrhis Q Auchenionchus crinitus #

the lectotype of C. microcirrhis as neotype of C.

peruvianus and, as first revisors, arbitrarily accord

C. microcirrhis senior synonymy even though its

original description appeared on a later page of

the same book in which the original description of

50

40

30

20

10

Hi Ml

OH Q .

C. peruvianus appeared. C. peruvianus thus becomes a junior objective synonym.

Clinus niger Philippi was synonymized with A.

microcirrhis by Hubbs (1952). C. niger was based

on a laquered specimen (present existence unknown) differentiated by Philippi from C. microcirrhis by color alone, "El color es negro, con

excepcion de la garganta y el vientre." Of the counts

(dorsal fin XXV, 10; anal fin XVI.6; pectoral fin

14) given for the holotype, that of the anal fin is

obviously inaccurate. The presence of 14 pectoral

rays could ally C. niger with A. variolosus, but the

lack of noticeable head cirri of C. niger supports

its synonymy with A. microcirrhis. We therefore

follow Hubbs in recognizing C. niger as a junior

synonym of A. microcirrhis.

DeBuen (1962) differentiated A. miniatus from

A. microcirrhis on the basis of color alone, yet he

had only a single specimen of A. microcirrhis and

four of A. miniatus. His description of A. miniatus

fits our description of A. microcirrhis, and we consider it synonymous.

Auchenionchus tentaculatus was separated by

DeBuen from A. microcirrhis by its larger eye (16-

17 percent of head rather than 12.5-15.5 percent).

Eye size decreases relative to SL, and in our specimens (60.0-245.0 mm SL) varies from 27.5 to 13.1

percent of head length. While DeBuen's specimens

of A. microcirrhis were all large (275 mm-382 mm

TL) and had relatively small eyes, his specimens

of tentaculatus (280-360 mm TL) average 28 mm

TL shorter than those of his microcirrhis group. We

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240

STANDARD LENGTH IN MM

FIGURE 12.—Relationship of total number of free tips on orbital and nasal cirri to standard

length.

Auchenionchus microcirrhis Q Auchenionchus crinitus #
NUMBER 159 17

therefore believe that A. tentaculatus should be

synonymized with A. microcirrhis.

Auchenionchus vcrrucosus was described from a

single specimen (236.0 mm TL). Its reduced number of orbital and nape cirri indicate that this

species should be included as a synonym of A. microcirrhus. DeBuen does not list the sex of the holotype, but the extensive ventral spotting in the

illustration sugests that it is a female.

A. microcirrhis is one of the largest clinids (in

excess of 250 mm SL) and is a food fish. Among

the clinids, only Labrisomus philippii, from Peru

and Chile, and Heterostichus rostratus and Neoclinns blanchardi, of California, attain a similar

size.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Peru: Viejas Island,

USNM 128215 (2:244-245) ; San Juan Bay, USNM

128216 (1:235); entered in catalog as "Chile or

Peru": USNM 83454 (1:204), USNM 83456

(1:157), USNM 83458 (1:245), USNM 83459

(1:245); Chile: Arica Bay, USNM 176601 (4:215-

245) ; La Ventana, SIO 65-678 (14:64-235) ; Valparaiso, MNHN A. 2126 (lectotype of C. microcirrhis and neotype of C. peruvianus, 168), MNHN

A. 2072 (paralectotype, 185).

Auchenionchus crinitus (Jenyns)

FIGURE 13

Clinus crinitus Jenyns, 1842:90 [Coquimbo, Chile; holotype,

BMNH 1917.7.14.55, from the Beagle].

Auchenionchus chalaco DeBuen, 1962:70 [Antofagasta; holotype, EBM 10.022, apparently lost].

DESCRIPTION.—Counts summarized in Table 3.

Salient characters are presented in the key. Dorsal

fin XXVU1-12; total dorsal-fin elements 37-38;

anal fin 11,23—24; pectoral fin 13; pelvic fin 1,3;

caudal fin 13; lateral-line scales 58-61; vertebrae

13 + 29-30 = 32-33 (7 specimens).

Morphometric characters of eleven specimens examined: SL 25.2-173.0 mm; head length 25.8-34.6;

head depth 18.2-24.2; head width 13.8-18.3; upperjaw length 11.8-15.4; eye diameter 5.8-10.2; snout

length 6.3-10.2; interorbital width 3.2-5.9; predorsal length 20.8-28.9; preanal length 46.6-57.3;

caudal-peduncle depth 7.1—10.9; caudal-peduncle

length 11.4-18.3; first dorsal-fin spine length 5.2-9.0;

fourth dorsal-fin spine length 6.9-9.8.

Orbital cirri: 4-8 small cirri, each separate and

simple, none enlarged; cirri not well developed in

specimens below 30 mm; nape cirri: palmate with

6-13 branches at distal edge (usually 9-10); nasal

cirri: 4—10 branches, arborescent or palmate; teeth:

single outer row of about 20 enlarged teeth on

premaxillary and dentary, patches of small teeth

internal to enlarged outer row, patches separated

medially by narrow toothless grove; 5-18 teeth on

each palatine; vomer covered with small teeth.

Membrane at tips of dorsal- and anal-fin rays forms

free cirrus-like projections. Anal fin not bound to

caudal peduncle. Scales and pores as described for

A. microcirrhis.

Color in alcohol: The following is a description

of the coloration of the holotype (probably 9)

prepared for us by M.K. Oliver. It is followed by

a description of our largest male specimen and

significant variations. Holotype (143 mm SL).

Ground color brown (lighter in patches where scales

are missing), slightly darker on dorsal half of body;

operculum with 5 distinct dark brown spots, more

or less circular, somewhat smaller in size than pupil;

8-10 similar spots on preopercle and cheek, most

following boundary between anterior edge of preopercle and cheek; spots becoming progressively

smaller and lighter anteroventrally; lips brown with

darker brown rounded spots; branchiostegal membrane light brown with distinct rounded darker

brown spots, spots lighter ventromedially; body

without vertical bars, with scattered dark brown,

circular, pupil-sized spots, almost evenly distributed

(and equally dark) dorsoventrally and anteroposteriorly, but lighter on belly; dark brown pupilsized spots on basal one-third of skin of 17th

dorsal-fin spine; similar but lighter spots elsewhere

on spinous dorsal fin at various distances from fin

base; three vague, dark brown spots, somewhat

larger than pupil, in row on soft dorsal fin, twofifths distance toward ends of rays; caudal fin uniformly dark brown, with darker spot size of eye

covering bases of central caudal-fin rays; anal fin

brown, with about 7 dark brown circular spots,

somewhat larger than pupil, evenly spaced along

posterior two-thirds of fin, spots becoming progressively darker and more distinct posteriorly; pectoral

fins uniform light brown; pelvic fins brown, innermost ray abruptly darker brown; all cirri dark

brown.

SIO 65-678, male, 173 mm SL. Ground color

brown to tan, darker on dorsal half of head and
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 13.—Auchenionchus crinitus, SIO 65-678, male, 115 mm S L, La Ventana, Chile: a, lateral

view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirrus; c, enlarged view of orbital cirri; d, enlarged view of nape

cirrus; t, enlarged view of some dorsal fin spines (note cirri at tips of spines). (Drawn by J. R.

Schroeder.)

body; no distinct markings on head; except lips and

chin spotted anteriorly; opercle and branchiostegals

unmarked. About 6-7 wide, dark brown bands on

dorsal-fin base; bands coalescing at about lateral

line, separated dorsally by narrow, short, unpigmented blotches; bands continuing anterodorsally

across spinous dorsal fin; body below lateral line

indistinctly mottled, no spots present; soft dorsal

fin marked with 2 large brown spots on proximal

half, each covering 3-4 rays; caudal fin with series

of 3-5 large brown spots on distal half and indistinct spotting along proximal edge; anal fin light

brown proximally with dark brown to black longitudinal stripe just distal to middle of fin, distal

edge unmarked; pectoral fin brown with bands

present on proximal half; pelvic fin brown; inner

pelvic ray dark brown to black; no markings on

belly; all cirri dark brown.

Smaller specimens exhibit both patterns described

above but markings more distinct, especially on

caudal fin, which bears distinct band, almost at

distal fin edge, and somewhat diffuse spot covering

central rays near bases. Spots on soft dorsal fin also

distinct. Large spots sometimes present on cheek,

and scattering of obvious, dark brown spots present

on body below lateral line, but well above anal-fin

base and in line with caudal-fin spots. One specimen

(<5, 147 mm SL) and our only Peruvian specimen

(3, 130 mm SL) with bands on dorsal-fin base

continuing vertically almost to anal-fin base. In
NUMBER 159 19

specimens smaller than 60 mm SL, head spotting

sometimes more dispersed, continuing onto branchiostegal membrane, pelvic- and pectoral-fin bases,

and body posterior to pectoral fin. Two of our four

smallest specimens (24.1 and 28.0 mm SL) have 2

well-developed white bands; anterior band forming

rectangular area between preopercle (anteriorly)

and middle of pectoral fin (posteriorly), terminating ventrally at level of lowermost pectoral-fin ray;

posterior band at caudal fin base anterior to proximal stripe. This last-described coloration is also

mentioned by DeBuen (1962:58, figure 13), for a

single specimen (37 mm TL). The smaller of these

2 specimens additionally has a midlongitudinal

white band extending from tip of snout to dorsalfin origin. A third small specimen (26.5 mm SL)

only vaguely exhibits the vertical body bands, while

no white markings are evident on a fourth (28.5

mm SL) specimen.

DISCUSSION.—Adult specimens of Auchenionchus

crinitus can easily be distinguished from A. microcirrhis by the number of palatine teeth (Figure

11) and the number of free tips on the head cirri

(Figure 12).

Auchenionchus (Chalacoclinus) chalaco DeBuen

(1962) was separated from other members of the

genus because of its reduced number of pelvic-fin

elements (1,2). In DeBuen's illustration (page 7,

figure 17) of the anterior region of the holotype

and only specimen, the pelvic fins appear short and

malformed. We believe that this is an aberrant

specimen and that the fin-ray counts reflect this

aberrancy. Besides the pelvic-fin counts, the dorsal

and anal fins are reported to have 2 elements less

than the numbers we found for our specimens of

A. crinitus. The cirri however are characteristic

only of A. crinitus, as is the head color pattern. We

therefore synonymize A. chalaco with A. crinitus.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Chile: Coquimbo, BMNH

1917.7.14.55 (holotype examined by M. K. Oliver,

143); La Ventana, SIO 65-678 (9:24-173), USNM

205106 (3, one cleared and stained :63-94); Vina

Del Mar, SIO 65-669 (1:148); Peru: island off

Pucusana, UCLA W66-49 (1:130).

Calliclinus Gill

Calliclinus Gill, 1860:103 [type-species: Clinus geniguttatus

Valenciennes, by original designation].

Myersichthys Hubbs, 1952:103 [type-species: Clinus guttulatus

Valenciennes (= Clinus geniguttatus), by original designation].

Pennaclinus DeBuen, 1962:82 [type-species: Pennaclinus

racemarius DeBuen (= Clinus geniguttatus), by original

designation].

Gill proposed the name Calliclinus for Clinus

geniguttatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes (1836), mistakenly listing three pelvic-fin

rays as a character of the species. Clinus guttulatus

was described by Valenciennes (in Cuvier and

Valenciennes, 1836), who gave little information

on the species and based his description on an illustration prepared by Gay of a specimen then no

longer in existence. Gay (1848) later published an

illustration of Clinus guttulatus, which is possibly

the same used by Valenciennes for his description.

Unfortunately, there is little resemblance between

the illustration and Valenciennes' description, except for the coloration. Valenciennes' description is

inadequate for identification of specimens. Gay's

published figure, however, clearly shows large cirri

on the head, with the supraorbital cirrus multifid

from a common stalk. There also appear to be about

48 scales on the lateral line. This combination of

characters is diagnostic only of Calliclinus, and for

this reason we place C. guttulatus within Calliclinus. To stabilize the nomenclature, we designate

as neotype for C. guttulatus the lectotype of Clinus

geniguttatus Valenciennes (see page 20).

Hubbs (1952) imprudently made C. guttulatus

the type-species of his new genus Myersichthys. It

appears that Hubbs based his description of Myersichthys on specimens of Auchenionchus variolosus,

as he gives several characters in his description that

are not obtainable from either Valenciennes' description or Gay's illustration of C. guttulatus. For

nomenclatural purposes Hubbs' description is irrelevant; it is the identity of the holotype of the typespecies that is important. Since C. guttulatus is

referrable to Calliclinus, Myersichthys is a synonym

of Calliclinus.

DeBuen (1962) incorrectly assumed that Hubbs

(1952) was in error in his identification of Calliclinus geniguttatus and allied the name Calliclinus

to several species, the majority of which seem to be

identifiable as synonyms of Auchenionchus variolosus. He even included C. xmriolosus (the typespecies of Auchenionchus) in Calliclinus. DeBuen

correctly, but fortuitously, included Myersichthys

as a subgenus (and therefore a synonym) of Calli-
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

cliniis. DeBuen then described Pennaclinus, a new

genus, for his new species, P. racemarius, which we

have determined to be a synonym of Calliclinus

geniguttatus. Pennaclinus, therefore, is also a junior

synonym of Calliclinus. The genus appears to be

monotypic.

Calliclinus geniguttatus (Valenciennes)

FIGURE 14

Clinus geniguttatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:386 [Valparaiso, 3 syntypes, MNHN A. 2069; lectotype

is herein designated: the largest of the syntypes, 120 mm

SL; the paralectotypcs are 91 mm SL and 110 mm SL].

Clinus elegans Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1836:

386 [Valparaiso, 2 syntypes, MNHN A. 2073].

Clinus guttulatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes,

1836:387 [Valparaiso, type missing; the lectotype of Clinus

geniguttatus, MNHN A. 2069, is herein designated as neotype of C. guttulatus; see discussion below].

Clinus guttatus Guichenot in Gay 1848:248 [mispelling of

guttulatus].

Labrisomus conventryi Fowler, 1940:187 [Mocha, Chile; holotype, ANSP 69149].

Pennaclinus racemarius DeBuen, 1962:82 [Chan Chan in

Valdivia; depository of holotype not given, type probably

destroyed].

DESCRIPTION.—Dorsal fin XXIV-XXV, 11-13 (24.9,

12.1); total dorsal-fin elements 36-38 (37); anal

fin 11,20-22 (21.4); pectoral fin 15; pelvic fin 1,4;

caudal fin 13 (7-9 branched); lateral-line scales

41-45 (43.4); vertebrae 13-14 + 27-29 = 41-43

(usually 14 + 28).

Morphometrics based on sixteen specimens: SL

33.0-114.0 mm; head length 25.6-31.0; head depth

19.1-23.3; head width 16.0-21.4; upper jaw length

12.4-16.0; eye diameter 6.4-9.7; snout length 7.1-

8.3; interorbital width 3.0-4.5; predorsal length

19.7-25.3; preanal length 48.3-53.0; caudal-peduncle

depth 8.0-9.7; caudal-peduncle length 5.7-8.9; pectoral-fin length 15.4-24.8; pelvic-fin length 13.2-

18.7; first dorsal-fin spine length 6.3-9.1; fourth

dorsal-fin spine length 7.6-10.9.

Orbital cirri: Multifid, bushlike, 10-20 branches

arising from well-developed common stalk, entire

cirrus usually less than half orbit in length; nasal

cirri: smaller than orbital cirrus, multifid, 5—10

branches, less than one-third orbital length; nape

cirri: 3 patches, each oriented transversely, each

patch with 1-16 simple, fringelike cirri, each lateral

patch slightly posterior to median patch; jaw teeth

consisting of enlarged outer row with well-developed

patches of minute teeth posteromedially; upper jaw

teeth occur posteriorly only slightly more than half

distance to rictus; palatines and vomer with continuous patches of small teeth; gill rakers 2 + 6 — 7

on first arch; spinous dorsal fin uniformly low,

first dorsal-fin ray twice length last spine, last ray

bound to peduncle for half ray length; anal fin

not adnate to peduncle; pectoral fin rounded;

pelvic fin rounded; pelvic fin with second ray

longest, first and third rays approximately equal,

fourth ray (innermost) shortest, membrane incised

between first and second rays only.

Body elongate, somewhat compressed; greatest

body depth 3.5-4.0 in SL; head depth greater than

head width; jaws terminate posteriorly near posterior border of orbit; scales smaller on belly and

pectoral-fin base than on remainder of body; no

scales on head anterior to nape or on fin membranes; well-developed sensory pores on dorsal half

of head, sometimes raised.

Color in alcohol: General ground color light to

dark brown; body irregularly marked with dark

(brown to black) mottling, sometimes appearing

as indistinct bars; occasionally 5-6 well-developed,

black rectangular blotches along dorsal fin base;

blotches sometimes continuing as irregular bands

across body, usually not quite reaching anal fin but

extending onto fin rarely; blotches usually continuous with mottling on dorsal fin; dorsal and lateral

aspect of head dark brown; dark brown spots

usually covering cheek and suborbital region; under

surface of lower jaw and branchiostegal membrane

unmarked, lighter; all fins except pelvics with some

spotting, a few discernible bands usually visible on

caudal fin; cirri dark brown at base, unpigmented

at tips. No obvious sexual dichromatism.

Markings most distinct on specimens less than 80

mm SL. Specimens smaller than 50 mm SL with

distinct markings on head: oblique bar originating

at midventral edge of orbit and extending posterioventrally to posterior edge of preopercle; welldeveloped blotch on posterior rim of orbit and

series of 5-6 marks along opercle, appearing to be

remnants of additional indistinct oblique bars;

dorsal fin with well-defined ocellus between second

and fourth spines, covering most of fin membrane

(only faintly visible in larger specimens).

DISCUSSION.—C. elegans Valenciennes was first

synonymized with C. geniguttatus by Steindachner

(1898). In his original description, Valenciennes
NUMBER 159 21

a

FIGURE 14.—Callidinus geniguttatus, USNM 205105, female. 92.5 mm SL, Valparaiso, Chile: a,

lateral view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirrus; c, enlarged view of orbital cirrus; d, enlarged

dorsal view of nape cirri patches. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

distinguished this species by the striking color of

one of his two syntypes. We have examined the

types and find no basis for recognizing C. elegans

as a distinct species, although the larger of the

two syntypes, MNHN A.2O73, has a pelvic count of

I, 3.

The holotype of Labrisomus coventryi Fowler

is in poor condition but has approximately 41

lateral-line scales, 3 nape cirri patches, a stalked

orbital cirrus, and 15 pectoral rays, all characteristics that are diagnostic only of C. geniguttatus.

Pennaclinus racemarius DeBuen was erroneously

described as new because DeBuen followed Valenciennes' original description of C. geniguttatus, which

cited only 2 nape cirri patches and 3 pelvic-fin rays,

though Giinther (1861) had correctly described the

third (median) nape cirrus patch, and Hubbs (1952)

noted the four pelvic-fin rays. All characteristics of

P. racemarius fit C. geniguttatus and it is, therefore,

a junior synonym.

Of the 68 adult Calliclinus-like specimens that

we have examined, all but three fit within the

parameters of our description of C. geniguttatus.

One exception, the larger syntype of C. elegans, has

only 3 pelvic rays. Another specimen (USNM

207361) appears to represent an anomalous specimen of C. geniguttatus. Its measurements, except

for the deformed pelvic fins, are all within the

range of variation exhibited by other specimens of

geniguttatus. The low pelvic-fin counts of I, 3 and

the presence of only 3 branched caudal fin rays,

appear to be the result of anomalous development.
22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

-v •

FIGURE 15.—Callidinus sp. (cf. g*wigu//flfus), CAS SU 18336, male, 104 mm SL, Valparaiso,

Chile: a, lateral view; b, enlarged view of nasal cirrus; c, enlarged view of orbital cirrus; d,

enlarged dorsal view of nape cirri patches. (Drawn by J. R. Schroeder.)

We cannot explain the low dorsal (XXIV, 10) and

anal-fin ray (11,19) and vertebral (14 + 25 = 39)

counts.

Ten of the 21 morphometric characters of a third

specimen (CAS SU 18336) fall outside the range

exhibited by our other specimens of C. geniguttatus.

This specimen is illustrated in Figure 15. Its counts

and measurements follow (measurements in mm;

percent SL in parentheses, variant characters in

italics): dorsal fin XXIV.12; anal fin, 11,25;

pectoral fins 14-14; pelvic fins 1,3 (partially deformed); lateral-line scales 42; vertebrae 12 + 29

= 41; SL 104.2; head length 29.2 (28.0); head depth

16.4 (15.7); head width 16.3 (15.6); upper jaw length

13 6 (13.1); eye diameter 5.5 (5.5); snout length 6.3

(6.1); interorbital width 2.8 (2.7); predorsal length

20.9 (20.1); preanal length 49.7 (47.7); caudal peduncle depth 7.2 (6.9); caudal peduncle length 6.3

(6.1); pectoral fin length 21.7 (20.8); pelvic-fin length

17.3 (16.6); first dorsal-fin spine length 11.1 (10.6);

fourth dorsal-fin spine length 10.1 (9.7).

In addition to the counts and measurements listed

above, this specimen differs from others we have

examined in having the orbital cirrus with only

'5-7 small branches (rather than 10-20), nape cirri

in 3 closely arranged patches with each cirri patch

palmate from a narrow base (rather than a broad

base) and with only 5-7 small branches, and gill

rakers 3 + 7 (rather than 2) on the first arch.

Other differences are body elongate, relatively

slender as compared with that of other specimens;

greatest body depth 4.8 in SL; head profile low;

ventral posterior border of subopercle rectangular

(opposed to triangular); jaws extending well past

posterior border of orbit (opposed to near posterior

orbit); first dorsal fin-spine slightly longer than

adjacent spines (opposed to equal to or slightly

shorter than adjacent spines); caudal fin damaged;

no visible branching of rays but all distal tips on

principal rays missing.
NUMBER 159 23

This single specimen is in rather poor condition.

It is either an extremely aberrant C. gcnigultatus

or a new species. In order to facilitate the naming

of a new species, if it is warranted, we purposely

remove C. guttulatus (the only remaining name unaccounted for in this revision) from availability by

here designating the lectotype of C. geniguttatus as

neotype of C. guttulatus.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—Chile: Valparaiso,

MNHN A. 2069 (lectotype, 120, and 2 paralectotypes, 91-110, of C. geniguttatus; lectotype is also

neotype of Clinus guttulatus), MNHN A. 2073 (2

syntypes of C. clegans, 74-88), SIO 65-672 (1:24),

SIO 65-699 (35:21-27), USNM 83101 (2:80-100),

CAS SU 18336 (1:104); La Ventana, SIO 65-670

(3:60-67), SIO 65-678 (5:68-117), USNM 205105

(4:78-97), USNM 207361 (1:86); Montemar, USNM

203856 (6:39-92, including 2 cleared and stained),

USNM 143029 (3:76-100); Mocha, ANSP 69149

(holotype of L. convcntryi); listed as Fiji, but certainly an error, USNM 82766 (1:70).

Literature Cited

Abbott, J. F.

1899. The Marine Fishes of Peru. Proceedings of the

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, pages

324-364.

Bauchot, M. L.

1967. Catalogue critique des types de poissons de Museum

National d'Histoire Naturelle, sous-ordre des Blennioidei. Publications Diverses de Museum National

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Cope, E. D.

1877. Synopsis of the Cold Blooded Vertebrata Procured

by Prof. J. Orton during His Exploration of Peru

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Cuvier, G. L. C. F. D., and A. Valenciennes

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DeBuen, F.

1962. Fauna chilena. Peces de la familia Clinidae. Montemar, 2:53-90.

Delfin, F. T.

1899. Catalogo des los peces de Chile. Rivista Chilena de

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Fowler, H. VV.

1940. Fishes Obtained in Chile by Mr. B. S. Bulloch.

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Philadelphia, 92:171-190.

Gay, C.

1848. Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Zoologica, 2:137—

370.

Gill, T. N.

1860. Monograph of the Genus Labrosomus Sw. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12:102-108.

Giinther, A.

1861. Catalogue of the Acanthopterygian Fishes in the

Collection of the British Museum. Volume III, 586

pages. London.

Hennig, W.

1966. Phylogenetic Systematics. 263 pages. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Hildebrand, S. F.

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United States National Museum Bulletin, 189:1—

530.

Hubbs. C.

1951. A Contribution to the Classification of the Blennioid Fishes of the Family Clinidae, with Partial

Revision of the Eastern Pacific Forms. Stanford

Ichthyological Bulletin, 4:41-156.

1953. Revision of the Eastern Pacific Fishes of the Clinid

Genus Labrisomus. Zoologica, 38:113-135.

Jordan, D. S.

1919. The Genera of Fishes. Part III. Stanford University

Publication, University Series, 39:285-413.

Mann, G.

1954. Vida de los peces en aguas chilenas. 342 pages.

Santiago de Chile.

Philippi, R. A.

1896. Peces nucvos de Chile. Anales de la Universidad

Chile, 93:375-390.

Rosenblatt, R. H., and L. R. Taylor, Jr.

1971. The Pacific Species of the Clinid Fish Tribe

Starksiini. Pacific Science, 25 (3) :436-463.

Sauvage, H. E.

1883. Descriptions de quclques poissons de la collection

du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Bulletin de la

Societe Philomantique de Paris, series 7, 7:156-161.

Springer, V. G.

1959. Systematics and Zoogeography of the Clinid Fishes

of the Subtribc Labrisomini Hubbs. Institute of

Marine Sciences Publications, 5 (1958) :417-492.

1970. The Western Atlantic Clinid Fish Ribeiroclinus

eigenmanni with Discussion of the Intrarclationships and Zoogeography of the Clinidae. Copeia,

1970, (3):430-436.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Steindachncr, F. Amphibians, and Reptiles, or Monocardian Animals.

1866. Ichthyologischc Notizcn (III). SUzungberichte der Volume 2, 452 pages. London.

Kaiserlichen Akademie der M'issenschaften in Wien,

f>3 (1) :208-214. Williams, G. C.

1898. Die Fische der Sammlung Plate. Fauna Chilensis.

 1954" Differentia l Vertica l

 Distribution of the Sexes in

Zoologische Jahrbiicher (Supplement), 4(2):281-337. Gibbonsia elegans with Remarks on Two Nominal

Swainson, W. Subspecies of This Fish. Copeia, 1954 (4):267-273.

1839. The Natural History and Classification of Fishes,

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