Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of

Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts

LOUIS S. KORNICKER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 173
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SMITH S O X I A N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 17 3

Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of

Gape Cod Bay, Massachusetts

Louis S. Kornicker

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1974
ABSTRACT

Kornicker, Louis S. Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts.

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 173, 20 pages, 11 figures, 1974.—

Cape Code Bay contains two species of Ostracoda in the suborder Myodocopina:

Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906, a carnivore, which occupies the southwestern

part of the bay and Provincetown Harbor at depths mainly shallower than 25 m;

and Synasterope cushmani, new species, a filter feeder, which occupies the deeper

parts of the bay mainly between depths of 26-36 m. Only 8 percent of about 500

samples collected with a 0.1 m2 Smith-Mclntyre grab contained myodocopids.

The new species is described herein, and a supplementary description is given of

the related Synasterope psitticina (Darby, 1965), which lives off Sapelo Island,

Georgia. The distribution and abundance of the Myodocopina of Cape Cod Bay

are compared with that in Discovery Bay and English Strait, Antarctica.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 5055. SERIES COVER

DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data.

Kornicker, Louis S., 1919-

Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 173)

1. Sarsiella zostericola. 2. Synasterope cushmani. 3. Synasterope psitticina. 4. Crustacea—Massachusetts—Cape Cod Bay. I. Title. II. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions

to zoology, no. 173.

QL1.S54 no. 174 [QL444.085] 591'.08s 595'.33 73-20357

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents
Ostracoda (Myodocopina) of

Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts

Louis S. Kornicker

Introduction

The Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts,

from September 1965 to the fall of 1969, conducted

a sampling program with the objective of making

a biotic census of Cape Cod Bay. At the time of

sampling, the Project Director was, first, Dr. David

C. Grant and, later, Dr. David K. Young. Dr. Allan

D. Michael, the Project Director since 1970, is responsible for sorting, identification, and the analysis

of the resultant data. The Assistant Project Director

was Margaret A. Mills.

Cape Cod Bay, which is about 41 km in diameter

and 56 m deep at its mouth, was divided into onemile squares from which quadrats were selected

for quantitative and qualitative sampling using

various sampling gear; each quadrat corner and

the center were given the numbers 1 to 5 (Figure

1). The center and four corners of each quadrat

were sampled with a Smith-Mclntyre Grab (0.10

m

2

). An epibenthic sled was used to collect a qualitative sample at one corner, a modified clam dredge

at a second corner, and a naturalist dredge at a

third corner. Surface temperatures and a profile of

temperature vs. depth (bathythermograph) were

taken at the center of each quadrat. Salinity samples

were taken with van Dorn bottles from the surface,

at the thermocline, and just above the bottom.

Sediment cores for analysis of organic carbon and

particle size were taken from each Smith-Mclntyre

Louis S. Kornicker, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D. C. 20560.

Grab sample and frozen until analyzed. Collected

specimens were sorted by the staff of the program,

and taxa were sent to specialists for identification

and study. When the identifications are completed,

the staff of the Marine Biological Program plans

to perform multivariate analysis on the data to see

if there are correlations between the observed distribution and abundance of taxa and various

environmental factors.

I received for identification Ostracoda of the

suborder Myodocopina. The bay contained only

two species: Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906,

and Synasterope cushmani, new species. Station data

made available to me for use and the number of

specimens of each species collected at each station

are given in Table 1. In addition to the program's

samples, I collected, on 19 June 1972, three specimens of Sarsiella zostericola from two intertidal

localities in Plymouth Bay, which is north of the

quadrat area.

Sarsiella zostericola was described originally from

the "Gate of Canso," a small channel in the northwestern coast of Great Harbor; the harbor opens

into Vineyard Sound to the south, and to Buzzards

Bay to the west. The maximum water depth in the

Gate of Canso is about 6 m. Buzzards Bay is connected to Cape Cod Bay by a narrow man-made canal (Cape Cod Canal). Other localities from which

the species has been reported are Vineyard Sound

(Cushman, 1906); Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island

(Williams, 1907); Great Harbor (Fish, 1925); off

the coast of Maine (Blake, 1933); Point Richmond

area, California (Jones, 1954, 1958a, 1958b, 1961);

coastal lagoons and bays in Texas (Kornicker and

Wise, 1962); Hadley Harbor, a small bay in the
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

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FIGURE 1.—Map of Cape Cod Bay showing quadrat area, station numbers, and positions of

samples in each quadrat.

southern part of Buzzards Bay (Kornicker, 1967);

Chesapeake Bay area, Delaware, and estuaries in

England (Kornicker, 1974). Kornicker (1974) suggested that the species might have been carried

to California and England on oysters transplanted

from the east coast of North America. The species

previously had been collected from various substrates including mud, sand, and shell, at temperatures from 16.2°-25°C, salinities of 20-30%o, and

depths of 1-22 m. Kornicker and Wise (1960)

showed experimentally that individuals burrow into

sediment and that they burrow more rapidly into

silty sand than into oolite. Members of the species

are carnivorous (Kornicker, 1967).

The collections containing S. zostericola from

Cape Cod Bay permit extension of the known lower

limit of its temperature range to 1.0°C based on

temperatures measured at time of sampling. At

stations in Cape Cod Bay where this species was

collected the temperature range was 1.0°-17°C.

The salinity range of the species in Cape Cod Bay

was 31.2-32.6%O, which is within the previously

known range. The lower limit of the depth range

of the species is extended by the samples from
TABLE 1.—Data within each quadrat (SM = Smith-Mclntyre grab (0.10 m2

), Ep = Epibenthic sled,

N = Naturalist dredge)

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%,,)

Bottom salinity (%,)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%„)

Bottom salinity (%0)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani

0514 0612 0812 1028 1126 1216 1322 1326

16 Oct 69

31.632

31.629

16.0

15.7

3

SM

6.4

2.00

96.70

1.30

0

sand

0.50

66.0

0.47

0.52

0.85

0.74

5.87

6

0

24 Apr 68

31.097

31.846

5.2

5.2

2

Ep

0.6

0.16

100.33

0.01

0

sand

1.20

5.46

1.06

1.05

0.65

-0.07

-0.48

1

0

10 Mar 69

32.582

32.550

1.6

1.6

21 Apr 69 12 May 69

1

SM

22

0

1050

64.32

25.14

clayey

silt

3

SM

17.7

0

90.21

4.74

5.04

sand

5.70 1.50

22.2 58.0

6.15 1.61

7.13 2.19

3.38 2.18

0.72 1.35

1.50 6.93

31.883

32.398

6.2

4.2

4

Ep

34.2

0.05

71.15

18.96

9.83

silty

sand

3.50

48.9

3.56

4.26

2.16

0.83

1.96

1

0

30.772

32.079

10.0

4.8

3

SM

44.5

0.51

4757

34.63

1757

silty

sand

3.50

34.3

4.12

5.29

3.06

0.63

0.98

1

0

19 Dec 67

31.811

31.672

6.0

6.5

3

Ep

32.0

0

13.97

63.79

22.23

clayey

silt

6.10

22.2

6.15

6.51

2.67

0.29

0.49

0

1

24Jul67

31.002

31.776

15.9

4.8

3

Ep

35.7

0

10.23

64.63

25.07

clayey

silt

4.60

24.1

5.96

652

2.48

0.38

0.10

0

2

22Jul66

31.577

31.929

16.0

6.0

3

Ep

34.8

sample

lost

1412 1416 1424 1428 1518 1620

11 Jun68

30.954

31.529

14.0

7.0

2

SM

10.7

14.25

85.70

0.01

0

-0.50

60.1

-0.40

-0.41

0.79

-0.23

1.23

0

1

1 Oct 68

31.764

31.901

16.5

9.5

2

SM

30.5

0

27.86

54.27

17.86

sandy

silt

3.80

19.4

5.47

5.86

2.69

0.33

0.32

0

1

5

Ep

32.0

0

19.51

59.32

21.15

clayey

silt

6.40

22.0

6.02

6.32

2.69

0.36

0.49

0

1

19 Nov 68

31.995

32.228

9.5

9.5

5

SM

35.9

0

36.76

46.75

16.47

sandy

silt

3.60

33.5

4.61

5.58

2.66

0.66

1.18

0

1

13 May 69

30.737

32.035

9.9

4.8

4

SM

24.7

0.04

79.09

13.74

7.10

sand

3.10

43.5

3.22

3.78

1.98

1.01

3.79

4

0

23 Jan 68

31.544

31.694

0.0

0.9

4

SM-Ep

31.7

0

24.03

54.41

21.36

sandy

silty

clay

3.80

20.3

5.56

6.12

2.69

0.43

0.48

0

1-3

19 Dec 67

31.661

31.663

6.0

6.0

4

Ep

29.6

2.32

39.40

39.94

18.34

silty

sand

-0.50

18.3

4.74

4.59

4.03

0.18

-0.64

0

2
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Data within each quadrat (SM = Smith-Mclntyre grab (0.10 m2), Ep = Epibenthic sled,

N = Naturalist dredge) —continued

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%,)

Bottom salinity (%,)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella xostericola

Synasterope cushmani

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%.)

Bottom salinity (%.)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani

1628 1718 1918 1918

26 Mar 68

32.108

32.154

2.0

1.8

29 Oct 68

31.966

31.991

13.4

13.1

HFeb69

32.275

32.276

1.0

1.5

25.0

1

SM

22.9

0.09 0

76.92 61.07

15.33 29.08

7.68 9.83

sand silty

sand

3.50 3.50

66.9 46.7

3.59 3.78

4.03 4.51

2.05 2.14

0.80 0.73

3.31 1.52

3 4

SM-Ep SM

4-28

0

19.8

41.15

39.58

19.27

silty

sand

3.60

31.4

4.44

5.51

2.80

0.53

0.22

1

0

5

SM

19.5

0.01

85.54

11.19

3.24

sand

2

SM

273

43.30

40.78

15.92

silty

sand

3.40 3.60

4.36 28.0

3.15 4.31

3.29 5.35

1.69 2.98

0.99 0.69

6.25 1.22

11

0

3

Ep

25.6

61.91

27.06

11.02

silty

sand

3.50

44.4

3.74

4.61

2.29

0.62

0.65

3

0

1

SM

19.8

0

2

SM

22.6

0

46.19 29.79

37.53 51.21

6.24 18.98

silty sandy

sand silt

3.50

35.1

4.22

5.20

2.54

0.50

0.13

2

0

3.90

23.5

4.98

5.77

2.71

0.44

0.36

0

1

4Aug66

31.714

31.924

18.0

6.8

5

SM

235

0

62.34

25.53

12.09

silty

sand

3.40

40.5

3.69

4.66

2.49

0.67

0.95

2

0

1926 2024 2028 2114 2118

19Nov68

31.871

31.948

93

9.5

27 Mar 68

31.710

32.201

2.4

1.8

21 Mar 66

32.342

32.493

3.5

3.0

1

SM

23.1

4

SM-Ep

21.4

0 0.03

38.08 42.39

47.21 42.74

14.68 14.84

sandy sandy

silt silt

3.70

36.6

4.41

5.30

2.35

0.64

0.69

1

0

3.80

23.6

4.34

5.10

2.80

0.53

0.66

6-23

0

2

SM

22.0

0

73.86

14.38

11.74

silty

sand

2.40

36.7

2.61

3.68

2.85

0.81

1.82

1

0

3

N

22.0

0

58.65

30.04

11.30

silty

sand

3.50

44.4

3.82

4.65

2.25

0.60

0.80

2

0

1

SM

15.6

0

60.51

28.36

11.10

silty

sand

3.5

54.8

3.83

4.83

2.33

0.76

1.48

3

0

5

SM

16.2

0.04

98.22

0.22

1.02

sand

1.40

60.5

1.30

1.40

1.23

2.32

30.83

1

0

25 Oct 67

31.557

31.532

11.8

11.5

4

Ep

10.4

7.77

90.06

0.67

1.50

sand

2.00

47.2

1.90

1.84

1.60

0.86

11.88

7

0

15 Oct 68

31.879

31.899

14.8

13.6

1

SM

17.1

0.14

78.95

12.00

8.90

sand

3.00

29.8

2.93

3.35

2.63

0.62

1.25

1

0
NUMBER 173

TABLE 1.—Data within each quadrat (SM = Smith-Mclntyre grab (0.10 m2), Ep = Epibenthic sled,

N = Naturalist dredge) —continued

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%o)

Bottom salinity (%«,)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani

Data

Date

Surface salinity (%«,)

Bottom salinity (%«,)

Surface temperature (C)

Bottom temperature (C)

Locality in quadrat

Sampling method

Depth below mean low

water (m)

Sediment analysis

Percent gravel

Percent sand

Percent silt

Percent clay

Sediment class

Major mode

Phi unit

Percent

Median (phi)

Mean (phi)

Standard deviation (phi units)

Skewness

Kurtosis

Myodocopina

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani

2122 2126

7 Jan 69

32.265

32.264

1.9

1.9

7Feb66

32.480

no data

1.0

1.0

1

SM

22.3

0

71.43

18.59

10.04

silty

sand

3.40

43.8

3.49

4.26

2.35

0.84

2.15

3

0

2 4

SM-Ep SM

24.4

0

48.42

33.92

17.66

silty

sand

3.50

39.6

4.14

5.32

2.74

0.57

0.47

2-3

0

21.4

5

SM

23.2

0 0.09

61.57 60.67

27.13 28.64

11.30 10.58

silty silty

sand

3.50

47.2

3.76

4.69

2.44

0.74

1.59

2

0

sand

3.50

44.1

3.76

4.68

2.45

0.79

2.10

4

0

1

SM

21.0

1.44

81.75

12.01

4.76

sand

0.60

35.9

1.01

1.86

2.63

0.88

2.55

2

SM

21.0

5.18

84.74

6.31

3.73

sand

0.70

29.9

0.79

1.31

2.40

1.05

4.76

1 (lost)

0

3 4 5

SM SM-N SM

18.0 17.1 17.5

0 0.07 0.10

62.11 86.20 5122

28.93 10.02 36.64

8.93 3.68 12.02

silty sand silty

sand sand

3.50 2.50 3.50

56.0 64.8 37.8

3.80 2.73 4.02

4.53 3.23 4.82

2.0 1.74 2.22

0.90 1.39 0.47

2.46 8.57 0.40

19-3

0

2220 2224 2228 2326 2424

7 Jan 69

32.117

32.124

1.5

1.5

27 Mar 69

32.295

32.288

3.5

3.5

1

SM

3

SM

4

Ep

17.1 16.8 15.9

0 0.01 0

93.80 92.04 94.84

2.79 4.12 3.09

3.07 3.80 2.06

sand sand sand

2.50 2.70 2.50

56.4 51.3 57.7

2.44 2.92 2.48

1.66 3.25 2.69

1.63 1.65 1.44

1.50 1.55 1.66

11.47 10.65 14.28

4

SM-Ep

18.6

5

SM

21.4

0.01 0.29

69.79 50.94

23.11 33.53

7.08 11.24

silty silty

sand sand

I6Oct69

31.620

31.643

15.5

15.0

2

SM

13.1

0.14

92.75

2.79

4.28

sand

21 Jul69

31.174

31.170

18.0

17.0

SM SM-Ep SM

16Oct69

31.573

31.590

15.5

15.1

2 5

SM

14.0 10.4 14.6 10.4

0.22 0.55 0 0

90.20 94.54 91.84 90.11

5.89 1.67 3.87 4.79

3.69 3.36 4.24 5.10

sand sand sand sand

3.50 3.40 2.50

57.6 25.0 70.0

3.66 3.79 2.65

4.27 4.44 3.05

1.94 2.65 1.74

1.00 0.52 1.73

3.69 0.89 12.23

12-1 2

0 0

14

0

2.60

61.8

2.75

3.14

1.67

1.51

10.61

12

0

2.50

75.1

2.52

2.74

1.64

1.73

14.77

1-6

0

2.60

52.8

2.80

3.16

1.76

1.57

10.45

8

0

2.50

64.4

2.72

3.18

1.86

1.55

9.58

19

0
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

SARSIELLA 20STERIC0LA

SYNASTEROPE CUSHMANI

SAND SILTY SANDYCLAYEYSANDY

SAND SILT SILT SILTY

CLAY

FIGURE 2.—Histograms showing distribution of Sarsiella zostericola and Synasterope cushmani on sand, silty sand, sandy

silt, clayey silt, and sandy silty clay.

Cape Cod Bay to 44.5 m. The depth range in the

bay is 0.6-44.5 m. The species was collected on

various sediments: sand, silty sand, sandy silt, and

clayey silt; but it was rarely collected in the last

two (Figure 2).

In the Point Richmond area, California, S. zostericola was collected at depths of 2—11 m, but the

abundance decreased markedly at depths greater

than about 6 m (Jones, 1954; Komicker, 1967). In

Cape Cod Bay, abundance decreases markedly at

depths less than 10 m and greater than 26 m (Figure

3).

The species was common in the southwestern

part of the bay at depths of less than 26 m (Figure

4). Its distributional pattern in that locality is fanlike, and it appears to be spreading from the Cape

Cod Canal, but too little is known concerning the

effect of the Canal on the bay to draw that conclusion. The species is also common in the Provincetown Harbor, and probably also in Plymouth

Bay, although only a few samples were collected

there. Specimens were collected in deeper water

(34.2-44.5 m) at stations 1028 and 1126. These

might represent an isolated population, or might be

a northern continuation of the western arm of the

larger population in the southwestern part of the

bay.

It is difficult to account for the absence of the

species in the shallow waters along the eastern

and southeastern parts of the bay. The bottom in

the southeastern part consists of a broad expanse

of sand (Young and Rhoads, 1971:243, fig. 1).

Possibly the sand is kept in motion by waves in

this area, thereby making it inhospitable for myodocopid ostracodes.

The 35 quantitative samples containing S. zostericola averaged 5 specimens per 0.1 m2

 of bottom,

with a maximum number of 19. The samples with

many specimens were from the southwestern part

of the bay.

The new species, Synasterope cushmani, which

is known only from Cape Cod Bay, has a known

temperature range of 0.9°-13.1°C, a salinity range

of 31.5-32.3%o, and a depth range of 10.7-35.9 m.

The species was collected on substrates of sand,

silty sand, sandy silt, clayey silt, and sandy silty

clay, but unlike Sarsiella zostericola it was rare in

sand (Figure 2). The species is a filter feeder (see

Cannon, 1933) and both sexes are without eyes.

In the bay, the species was collected mainly from
NUMBER 173

8

7

6

5

in

a!3

2 2

m |

feo

SARSIELLA ZOSTERICOLA

-V*

44 46

SYNASTEROPE CUSHMANI

-1.9 4.0 5.9 8.0 9.9 120—13.9 16.0—179 20.0 21.9 24.0—259 28.0—299 32O—339 3&0—379 4Q0

2.0 3.9 6.0 7.9 10.0 11.9 14.0—15.9 IBJO—19.9 22.0-23.9 26.0—27.9 30.0—31.9 34O—353 38.0-39.9

WATER DEPTH, ( m«t«r«)

FIGURE 3.—Histograms showing the depth distribution of Sarsiella zostericola and

Synasterope cushtnani.

two centrally located patches at water depths of

26-36 m (Figures 3, 4). Its restriction mainly to the

deeper waters of the bay may be controlled by

temperature or by food requirements. The temperature where the species commonly occurs ranges

from about 1.5°-13.1°C, with an annual variation

of 10.0°-12.4°C (Table 2). Higher temperatures

and greater annual variations are encountered in

shallower water.

TABLE 2.—Bottom water temperatures in

Cape Cod Bay *

Depth (m)

0-10

10-20

20-30

30-40

40-50

Number

of

samples

21

16

21

15

12

Temperature (°C)

maximum

23.5

15.0

13.1

9.6

6.2

minimum

1.0

0.4

0.7

1.5

0.4

Range

22.5

14.6

12.4

10.0

5.8

1

 Information from Allan D. Michael (pers. comm., 1972)

Based on analyses of sediments on a transect

from shallow to deep water in Cape Cod Bay,

Young and Rhoads (1971:249) concluded that the

"total carbon content is positively correlated with

increasing depth of water, high clay content and decreasing particle size." This suggests that more food

might be available for filter-feeding ostracodes in

deeper water.

The greatest concentration of S. cushmani is

within the more extensive population of the holothurian Molpadia oolitica (Pourtales, 1851) as described by Rhoads and Young (1971). Reworking

of the sediment by Molpadia probably results in a

high level of turbidity (Rhoads and Young, 1971:

260). Possibly, characters developed by S. cushtnani

because of the absence of eyes give it an adaptive

advantage in turbid water over seeing forms.

The seven quantitative samples containing S.

cushmani had only one specimen per 0.1 m2, reflecting the sparcity of the species in the bay.

It was necessary to examine specimens of Par-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

•42°00-L

FICURE 4.—Map of Cape Cod Bay showing the distribution of Sarsiella zostericola (circle) and

Synmterope cushmani (star).

asterope psitticina Darby, 1965, from the vicinity of

Sapelo Island, Georgia, in order to determine how

it differed from S. cushmani. A supplementary description of that species is present herein, and it

is referred to the genus Synasterope.

COMPARISON WITH QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ELSEWHERE.—Kornicker (1971; in press) reported on myodocopid ostracodes collected during 1967-1970 in

0.1 m- and 0.2 m2 Petersen grabs in Discovery Bay,

Greenwich Island, one of the South Shetland

Islands, Antarctica, and in English Strait which

lies off the mouth of Discovery Bay. Discovery Bay

is a U-shaped bay 3.5 km wide and 5.5 km long

with a maximum depth at its mouth of about 230

m. Thus, it is much smaller, but deeper than Cape

Cod Bay. The bottom consists of fine sands with

varying amounts of silt and clay (Gallardo and

Castillo, 1969). English Strait, which has bottom

sediment similar to that in Discovery Bay, was

sampled mainly near the mouth of die bay at

depths of 249-405 m.

The myodocopid ostracodes in both the Antarctic

and Cape Cod Bay studies were removed from the

fraction retained on a 1.0 mm sieve. Some juveniles

probably went through the sieve and, therefore,

the areal abundances reported here are low. In

general, adults of the Cape Cod Bay ostracodes

are smaller than those from the Antarctic localities.

Therefore, a relatively greater proportion of juveniles might have been lost in the Cape Cod Bay
NUMBER 173

20

15

10

ENGLISH STRAIT

22 STATIONS

V7k V7k i i i i • WL m

20

CO

ui

<

v>

IS

10-

0

20

DISCOVERY BAY

19 STATIONS

CAPE COD BAY

41 STATIONS

262630323496984042444848505254565800

NUMBER OF SPECIMENS PER SAMPLE

FIGURE 5.—Histograms showing the number of specimens of myodocopid ostracodes per 0.1

square meters in Cape Cod Bay, Discovery Bay, and English Strait, Antarctica.

study than in the Antarctic study. This possibility

has not been considered in comparing abundances

in the two areas.

Forty-three quantitative samples were collected

in 1968 from Discovery Bay and English Strait

(Gallardo and Castillo, 1969). Twenty-eight of

these (65 percent) contained myodocopid ostracodes

(Kornicker, 1971). In Cape Cod Bay, only 8 percent

of the samples contained myodocopid ostracodes,

indicating that they are less widely distributed in

the bay than in the two Antarctic localities.

In those samples containing myodocopid ostracodes, the number of myodocopids per 0.1 m2

 in

Cape Cod Bay (average 4, maximum 19) is similar

to that in Discovery Bay (average 4, maximum 10)

and lower than that in English Strait (average 10,

maximum 52) (Figure 5).

Both the quantitative and qualitative samples in
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Cape Cod Bay contained the same two species

(Table 1). The quantitative samples from Discovery Bay contained four species; additional qualitative trawl samples produced two additional

species, but only one specimen of each (Kornicker,

in press). The quantitative samples from English

Strait contained six species; additional qualitative

trawl samples produced one specimen of an additional species.

The dominant species (Kornicker, 1967) in

Cape Cod Bay is a carnivore, whereas in Discovery

Bay and in English Strait it is a collector—detritus

feeder (Table 3). Carnivores were not collected in

either Antarctic locality. In all three areas, species

that are neither carnivores nor collectors are filter

feeders, but in Cape Cod Bay, the carnivore and

filter feeder occupy different areas; whereas, in

Discovery Bay and English Strait, the collectors

and filter feeders occur together.

In summary, Cape Cod Bay contains only two

species of myodocopid Ostracoda: Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906, and Synasterope cushmani,

new species. The former species lives mainly in

the southwestern part of the bay and in ProvinceTABLE 3.—Species abundance and feeding types in

Cape Cod Bay, Mass., Discovery Bay,

and English Strait, Antarctica

Species

Cape Cod Bay (41 stations)

Sarsiella zostericola

Synasterope cushmani ... .

Discovery Bay1 (19 stations)

Philomedes orbicularis

Scleroconcha gallardoi ..

Parasterope ohlini

Empoulsenia' pentathrix .

English Strait1 (22 stations)

Philomedes orbicularis ...

Scleroconcha gallardoi ...

Empoulsenia pentathrix ..

Parasterope ohlini

Skogsb'ergiella * spinifera ..

Skogsbergiella skogsbergi..

Total

specimens'

172

7

75

4

2

1

168

22

22

3

3

3

Percent

96

4

91

5

3

1

76

10

10

1

1

1

Feeding

type

carnivore

lilterer

collector

collector

filterer

filterer

collector

collector

filterer

filterer

filterer

filterer

1

 Number of specimens in Cape Cod Bay based on 0.1 m*

Smith-Mclntyre grab; number of specimens in Discovery Bay

and English Strait based on 0.1 m" and 0.2 m1 Petersen grabs;

the number of specimens from the 0.2 m' Petersen grab was

halved for the above table.

'Data from Kornicker (1971; in press).

1

 New genera described by Kornicker (in press).

town Harbor at depths generally shallower than

26 m. The latter species lives mainly in the central

part of the bay at depths of 26-36 m. Sarsiella

zostericola is a species with a wide distribution

along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Delaware

and has been reported from the coasts of Texas,

California, and England, where it also has been

collected in shallow water. Synasterope cushmani

is known only from the bay. It is suggested that

the reasons for S. cushmani being primarly confined to the deeper part of the bay are the presence

there of lower and less variable temperatures,

greater food availability—the latter indicated by

the high total carbon content of the sediment—

and perhaps its adaptation to turbid water conditions. Myodocopids are less widely distributed in

Cape Cod Bay than in Discovery Bay and English

Strait, Antarctica. Samples with myodocopids contain about the same number of specimens in Cape

Cod Bay and Discovery Bay, fewer than in English

Strait. Myodocopids in Cape Cod Bay are carnivores and filter feeders, and they mainly live in

different areas of the bay; whereas, Discovery Bay

and English Strait contain collectors and filter

feeders, both feeding types living in the same area.

Cape Cod Bay supports fewer species of Myodocopa

than either Discovery Bay or English Strait.

Magnifications given for the scanning electron

micrographs are those at which photographs were

taken; however, Figures 6, 7, and 8 have been reduced to 73 percent for publication.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—I thank Dr. Allan D.

Michael and Ms. Margaret A. Mills for supplying

specimens and data, and for courtesies I received

while visiting Woods Hole; Dr. Robert V. Kesling

for supplying type specimens of Parasterope psitticina; and Drs. A. D. Michael, T. E. Bowman, and

Joseph E. Hazel for criticizing the manuscript.

The scanning electron micrographs were taken by

Mary J. Mann. Mr. Jack Schroeder prepared figures

of appendages from my penciled camera lucida

drawings.

Genus Sarsiella Norman, 1869

Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906

Sarsiella zostericola Cushman, 1906:364-366, pi. 28: figs. 7-18.

—Williams, 1907:79 [listed].—Fish, 1925: 141 [listed].—

Blake, 1933:230 [listed].—Kornicker and Wise, 1962:61, figs.
NUMBER 173 11

2A-O, 4A-C — Komicker, 1967: 4-32, figs. 1-5, ph. 1-2.^

Kornicker, 1974, figs. 1-3.

Sarsiella americana Cushman, 1906:363-364, pi. 27: figs. 1-6.

—Fish, 1925:141 [listed].

Sarsiella tricostata Jones, 1958a:48-52, figs. 1-2; 1958b, figs.

1-3; 1961:261, 262, figs. 20, 28, table 19 [listed].

Eusarsiella zostericola (Cushman).—Poulsen, 1965:83 [in key].

Eusarsiella americana (Cushman).—Poulsen, 1965:83 [in key].

LECTOTYPE.—USNM 113357, male designated by

Kornicker (1967).

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Cushman (1906:366) reported

collecting specimens used in describing the species

from a channel across from Woods Hole Harbor,

known locally as the "Gulf of Canso." Fish (1925:

141) referred to that locality as the "Gut of Canso."

On the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey

map of Woods Hole (no. 348; reissued 1917) the

locality is designated "Gate of Canso."

MATERIAL.—From the Cape Cod Bay quadrat

area, 251 specimens (the number of specimens at

each station is listed in Table 1); 1 male from a

water depth of about 10 cm at low tide at Grays

Beach, Kingston, Massachusetts, and 2 specimens

from a water depth of about 10 cm at low tide at

the inlet to Jones River, Kingston, Massachusetts.

Genus Synasterope Poulsen, 1965

Synasterope cushmani, new species

FIGURES 6-10

HOLOTYPE.—USNM 143863, adult female; some

appendages on slide, remaining appendages and

valves in alcohol.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Station 1424 (5), Cape Cod

Bay.

PARATYPES.—USNM 143864, 1 adult male from

station 1412(2); USNM 143865, 1 adult female

from station 1416(5); USNM 143866, 2 adult females from station 1326(3); USNM 143867, 1 adult

female from station 1416(2); USNM 143868, 1 adult

female, 1 juvenile \ from station 1620(4); USNM

143869, 2 adult males, 1 adult female from station

1518(4,Ep); USNM 143870, 1 adult male from station 1216(3); USNM 143961, 1 juvenile, length 1.27

mm, height 0.61 mm, from station 1828(2); USNM

143962, 2 adult females from station 1322(3); USNM

143963, 1 A-l male, length only 1.67 mm, from

station 1718(2); USNM 143964, 1 adult female from

station 1518(4); USNM 143965, 1 juvenile, length

1.24 mm, height 0.63 mm, from station 2126(5).

ETYMOLOGY.—This species is named for Dr.

Joseph A. Cushman.

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE (Figures 6-9).—Carapace

elongate with slitlike incisur below valve middle,

and posterior evenly rounded or slightly truncate

dorsally; ventral and dorsal margins slightly convex (Figure 9a-c).

Infold (Figures 7, 8, 96,c): Infold between list

and anterodorsal margin of rostrum with about 32

bristles followed by row of about 14 shorter bristles

along dorsal margin anterior to juncture; list and

area below list with about 17 bristles; about 29

long bristles and about 20 short bristles present on

infold below incisur to point on ventral margin

where single row. of bristles starts, infold of ventral

margin with about 11 bristles forming single row;

posterior ridge with about 21 flaplike bristles, each

separated by 3, rarely 2, short bristles; 57 bristles

forming row between posterior ridge and posterior

valve margin (includes 5 bristles anterior to ventral

end of ridge); 3 or 4 processes present near posterior

margin.

Size: Holotype length 1.59 mm, height 0.78 mm,

height 49% length; USNM 143865, length only,

1.65 mm; USNM 143866a, length 1.62 mm, height

0.75 mm, height 46% length; USNM 143866b,

length 1.63 mm, height 0.77 mm, height 47%

length; USNM 143867, length 1.60 mm, height

0.83 mm, height 52% length; USNM 143868a,

length 1.62 mm, height 0.79 mm, height 49%

length; USNM 143869c, length 1.60 mm, height

0.75 mm, height 47% length; USNM 143962a,

length 1.61 mm, height 0.76 mm, height 47%

length; USNM 143962b, length 1.60 mm, height

0.76 mm, height 48% length.

Micromorphology of carapace (Figures 6-8):

Outer surface (Figure 6). Surface with widely

scattered long and short bristles (Figure 6b-f); long

bristles emerging from lipped pores surrounded by

about 5 narrow concentric ridges (Figure 6c-f);

short bristles emerging from simple pores; simple

pore present below and slightly in front of concentric pore (Figure 6c-/). The concentric rings

around certain pores suggest that a viscous fluid

may be emerging periodically from the pores and

spreading over the valve surface.

Infold (Figures 7, 8). Bristles between posterior

broad list and valve margin emerging from lipped

pore (Figure 7d,e); short bristles between broad
FIGURE 6.—Synasterope cushmani, USNM 143869c, left valve, lateral view: a, complete valve,

valve distorted and dorsal margin folded inward during freeze-drying preparation of specimen,

X 60; b, detail of anterior part of valve shown in "a," arrows point to some long bristles emerging from shell, x 1">5; c, detail from "b" showing long bristle emerging from concentric pore, 2

short bristles emerging from simple pores, and simple pore without bristles below and slightly

anterior to concentric pore, x 2900; d, detail from "b" showing another concentric pore and

simple pore, x 5000; e, same as "d," X 10,000; /, concentric pore with hair and associated simple pore from posterior part of valve, X 5000.
NUMBER 173 IS

flaplike bristles on posterior list also emerging from

lipped pores (Figures 7e, 8c-/); posterior processes

between posterior list and valve edge consisting of

pore with lateral tapered extension (Figures 7f,

8b); 1-3 large lipped pores present medial to bases

of flaplike bristles on posterior list (Figures 7e,

8c-/); tubelike processes present between bases of

flaplike bristles and medial lipped pores (Figures

7e, 8c-/; tubes compressed in photographed specimen).

Selvage. Posterior selvage with marginal fringe

consisting of tapering spines (Figures 7f, Sa,b);

selvage absent in vicinity of posterior processes

between broad list and valve margin (Figures 7d,

/; $b). The absence of selvage opposite the scooplike processes indicates that when valves are closed,

openings remain opposite the processes, and suggests that a substance may be extruded through

the processes.

Posterior pores. 2 or 3 pores present on posterior

margin outside selvage in vicinity of posterior

processes between broad list and valve margin

(Figures 7], 86).

First antenna (Figures 9d-f): 1st joint with numerous spines forming clusters on medial and

lateral surfaces; small process present at middle of

distomedial margin; 2nd joint with spines forming

clusters on ventral and dorsal margins and medial

and lateral surfaces, 1 short spinous lateral bristle

and 1 long spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint with

1 short ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles;

3rd and 4th joints quadrate and only weakly separated from each other; 4th joint with slightly

concave distal margin, 1 long spinous dorsal bristle

and 2 spinous ventral bristles; longer of 2 ventral

bristles about three times length of shorter bristle

and reaching beyond 8th joint; 5th joint with

few spines forming row distally on dorsal margin

and on lateral surface near dorsal margin; sensory

bristle of 5th joint with stout proximal part and 6

terminal filaments, no proximal filament; distomedial bristle of 6th joint spinous, reaching just

beyond tip of a-claw of 7th joint. Seventh joint:

a-claw bare or with few faint teeth near tip; bbristle stout, almost twice length of a-claw, with

5 marginal filaments; c-bristle about two and onehalf times length of a-claw, with 5 marginal filaments and bifurcate tip. Eighth joint: d-bristle

represented by minute spine; e-bristle bare, longer

than a-claw; f-bristle reflexed with 3 long spinous

marginal filaments and 1 short distal spinous

marginal filament; dorsal margin of f-bristle with

spines between bases of distal filament and proximal filaments; g-bristle about same length as

c-bristle, with 5 marginal filaments.

Second antenna (Figure 9g): Protopodite with

minute distomedial bristle and slender spines

forming clusters on anterior half of medial surface.

Endopodite 3-jointed with terminal bristle (tip

appears to be broken on holotype). Exopodite: 1st

joint without distomedial spine, but with long

hairs forming sub terminal row on dorsal margin;

bristle of 2nd joint reaching 9th joint, with

abundant slender spines along ventral margin;

joints 2 to 8 with short spines forming row along

distal margin; 9th joint with broad lateral spine

about one-half length of 9th joint; bristles of joints

3-8 with natatory hairs and with minute spines

along part of ventral margins; joint 9 with 3

bristles, 2 long with natatory hairs, 1 short with

short marginal spines.

Mandible (Figure 9h): Coxale endite remained

in mouth of holotype when mandible was removed

from body. Medial surface of coxale hirsute. Basale

endite with 4 spinous end bristles, 2 dwarf bristles,

3 triaenid bristles with about 6 pairs of minute

spines excluding terminal pair, and a glandular

peg with minute fingerlike processes; a small bristle

present on basale near base of endite; ventral

margin of basale with U-shaped sclerotized process;

dorsal margin of basale with spinous backwardpointing midbristle, 2 terminal spinous bristles,

and some short spines forming rows. Exopodite

about two-thirds length of dorsal margin of 1st

endopodite joint; tip hirsute, with 2 short bristles.

Endopodite: 1st joint with 3 long spinous ventral

bristles; dorsal margin of 2nd endopodite joint

with 1 short proximal bristle and stout spinous

a-, b-, c-, and d-bristles; 1 short spinous bristle present medially between a- and b-bristles, and b- and

c-bristles; 5 short spinous cleaning bristles forming

oblique row present near c-bristle; 1 long spinous

medial bristle present just distal to d-bristle; 1 long

spinous lateral bristle present between c- and dbristles; ventral margin of 2nd endopodite joint

with 3 long spinous terminal bristles; medial surface of joint with spines forming short rows. End

joint with dorsal claw with minute spines near

middle of ventral margin and along dorsal margin

near tip, 1 short spinous medial bristle, 1 long
FICI'RE 7.—Synasterope cushmani, USNM 143869c, left valve, medial view: a, complete valve,

dorsal margin folded inward during frceze-drying preparation of specimen, X 65; b, detail of

anterior shown in "a," X 200; c, detail of posterior shown in "a," X 200; d, detail of "c," posterior end of valve toward bottom in figure, note 4 minute processes between broad list and

\alve margin, x DJO; e, detail of "d" near dorsal end, posterior end of valve to left in figure,

X 2000; /, detail of posterior process, selvage, and three posterior pores shown in lower right of

"d," posterior end of valve toward bottom of figure, X 3800.
NUMBER 173 15

FIGURE 8.—Synasterope cushmani, USNM 143869c, left valve medial view, valve margin toward

bottom: a, detail of selvage fringe shown in lower right in Figure 7/, x 6000; b, detail of posterior, selvage, 2 posterior pores, and process shown in lower middle of Figure 6d, x 3800; c-f,

detail of pores, tubes, and bristles on posterior list: c, d, x 5000; e, X 6250; /, x 8250.
m

FIGURE 9.—Synasterope cushmani, USNM 143863, adult female, length 1.59 mm: a, complete

specimen showing position of eggs. Right valve, medial view: b, anterior; c, posterior. Left 1st

antenna, medial view: d, process on terminal margin of 1st joint; e, tip of limb (not all bristles

shown). /, Tip of right 1st antenna, lateral view; g, endopoditc and distal part of protopodite

of right 2nd antenna, medial view; h, right mandible, medial view (end bristles of basale endite,

bristles on end joint of endopodite, and marginal spines on some bristles not shown); i, left

maxilla, medial view; /', comb of right 5th limb, lateral view; k, right 6th limb, medial view;

/, right furcal lamella, lateral view; m, anterior of body showing medial eye, rod-shaped organ,

and upper lip; n, posterior of body (gills not shown); o, brushlike organ. (Same magnification

in microns: b, h, k-m; c, t, g, i, j, n, o; d, f.)
NUMBER 173 17

spinous lateral bristle reaching past end of dorsal

claw, and 3 stout spinous clawlike bristles.

Maxilla (Figure 9i): Epipodial appendage with

hirsute pointed tip reaching middle of dorsal

margin of basale. Endite I with 1 short and 3 long

bristles; endite II with 3 long bristles. Dorsal margin

of basale hirsute with 2 short, bare bristles, 1

proximal, 1 distal (both with bases on medial

side); ventral margin with 1 short bare proximal

bristle, 1 minute bare distal bristle, and 1 long

spinous terminal bristle; lateral surface with 1

short proximal bristle; medial surface hirsute.

Endopodite; 1st joint with 1 short bare dorsal

bristle and long spinous ^-bristle; end joint with

spinous terminal bristle longer than jS-bristle.

Fifth limb (Figure 9;): Distal margin of comb

with long hairs; lateral surface of comb with long

spinous exopodial bristle, 1 short slender bristle

with base just ventral to base of long bristle, and

2 pairs of bristles near ventral margin.

Sixth limb (Figure 9k): Anterior margin with 1

upper and 1 lower bristle, latter bristle with long

marginal hairs; anterior tip with 4 short spinous

bristles; lateral sole with 1 short slender spinous

bristle; posteroventral margin with 13-15 bristles

(posterior 6 bristles with long hairs from their

bases to tips, others with long proximal and short

distal spines); minute medial bristle present in anterodorsal corner of limb; anterior, ventral, posterior margins and medial surface hirsute; long

hairs present on lateral surface near ventral margin.

Seventh limb: Proximal and distal groups each

with 6 bristles, 3 on each side; each bristle with

2-4 bells; opposing terminal combs each with 9 or

10 spinous teeth.

Furca (Figure 9/): Each lamella with 9 claws,

of which posterior 2 are bristlelike secondary claws;

posterior claw pointing backward; primary claws

with long and short spines along concave margin

and slender spines along convex margin; short

spinous process present on corner of furca near

last posterior secondary claw.

Rod-shaped organ (Figure 9m): 1- or 2-jointed,

elongate with rounded tip.

Eyes: Medial eye bare (Figure 9m); lateral eyes

absent.

Upper lip (Figure 9m): Lip consisting of 2

hirsute lobes without spines; small hirsute flap

posterior to upper lip present on each side of

mouth.

Posterior (Figure 9n): Posterior hirsute with

broadly rounded dorsal corner.

Brnshlike organ: Consisting of minute process

with about 5 bristles (Figure 9o).

Eggs: USNM 143863, 3 eggs; USNM 143865, 4

eggs; USNM 143866a, 5 eggs; USNM 143867, 2

eggs (valve torn, some eggs probably lost); USNM

143868a, 6 eggs; USNM 143969c, 15 eggs (well developed); USNM 143962b, about 9 eggs (shell not

opened).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE (Figure 10).—Carapace

with posterior half of dorsal margin lower than

ventral half; surface with hairs forming row near

posterior margin (Figure 10a).

Size: USNM 143864, length 1.71 mm, height 0.87

mm, height 51% length; USNM 143869a, length

1.89 mm, height 0.90 mm, height 48% length;

USNM 143869b, length 1.83 mm, height 0.95 mm,

height 52% length; USNM 143870, length 1.95

mm, height 1.00 mm, height 51% length.

First antenna (Figure 106): 1st and 2nd joints

with spines forming clusters on medial surface; 2nd

joint with 1 short spinous lateral bristle and 1 long

spinous dorsal bristle; 3rd joint with 1 minute

ventral bristle and 6 spinous dorsal bristles; 4th

joint with 2 short ventral bristles and 1 long dorsal

bristle; 5th joint with stout sensory bristle with

numerous filaments; medial bristle of 6th joint

reaching beyond a-claw of 7th joint; dorsal margin

of 6th joint undulate. Seventh joint: a-claw with

minute teeth along dorsal margin; b-bristle about

three times length of a-claw, with 2 short proximal

and 2 long distal filaments; c-bristle extremely long

with 24 marginal filaments. Eighth joint: d-bristle

absent; e-bristle bare, about twice length of a-claw;

f-bristle similar to c-bristle, with 20 marginal filaments; g-bristle about twice length of b-bristle,

with 8 marginal filaments.

Second antenna: Protopodite with short slender

medial bristle. Endopodite 3-jointed (Figure 10c):

1st joint bare; 2nd joint with 3 short ventral

bristles; 3rd joint reflexed on 2nd, with 1 slender

proximal bristle and pointed serrate tip. Exopodite:

bristle on 2nd joint long, reaching well beyond 9th

joint, with natatory hairs; 9th joint with lateral

spines and 4 bristles, all with natatory hairs; bristles

on joints 2-8 with natatory hairs and without

spines; 2nd joint same length as joints 3 to 6,

inclusive; distal end of 3rd joint of endopodite

reaching middle of 4th joint of exopodite.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Synasterope cushmani, USNM 143864, adult male, length 1.71 mm: a, complete

specimen; b, right 1st antenna, lateral view (marginal spines and hairs on bristles not shown);

c, endopodite of right 2nd antenna, medial view; d, claws 1 and 2 of right furcal lamella,

lateral view (marginal teeth not shown). (Same magnification in microns: c, d.)

Mandible: Exopodite about one-half length of

dorsal margin of 1st exopodite joint; dorsal margin

of 2nd endopodite joint with 2 bristles proximal

to a-bristle; limb otherwise similar to that of female.

Maxilla, fifth limb, sixth limb, seventh limb:

Similar to those of female.

Furca (Figure lOd): Each lamella with 8 claws,

of which posterior 2 are bristlelike secondary claws;

posterior claw pointing backward; arrangement of

teeth and hairs on claws similar to those of female;

primary claws with greater curvature than those

of female.

Rod-shaped organ, upper lip, eyes, posterior:

Similar to those on female.

COMPARISONS.—The carapace of the new species,

S. cushmani, differs from that of §. psitticina

(Darby, 1965) in being smaller and less elongate.

The bristles on the dorsal margin of the basale of

the maxilla of S. psitticina are longer than those

on S. cushmani.

Synasterope psitticina (Darby, 1965)

FIGURE 11

Cylindroleberis psitticina Darby, 1965:31-33 [part], pi. 19:

fig. 6, pi. 20: figs. 1,2,5,8.

HOLOTVPE.—UMMP 48801 (University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology), adult female on

slides.

TYPE-LOCALITY.—Offshore Sapelo Island,

Georgia. Slides containing holotype bear the number 1071, which might be the station number.

Depth range of the species given by Darby (1965:

32) is 45 to 405 feet; however, his material ineluded more than one species.

MATERIAL.—Darby (1965) described and ill us-
NUMBER 173 19

FIGURE 11.—Synasterope psitticina, UMMP 48801, adult

female, right maxilla, medial view.

trated a female (holotype, UMMP 48801) and a

male (paratype, UMMP 48802). I received both

specimens for study from Dr. Robert V. Kesling.

The female holotype does not bear a long lateral

bristle between the b- and c-bristles of the 2nd endopodial joint of the mandible. Therefore, I have referred the species to the genus Synasterope Poulsen,

1965. The male paratype is not adult as stated by

Darby, but instead is a juvenile male (probably an

A-l instar). The specimen bears a long lateral bristle

between the b- and c-bristles of the 2nd endopodial

joint of the mandible. Therefore, I refer it herewith to the genus Parasterope Poulsen, 1965, and

designate it Parasterope species.

SUPPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTION OF MAXILLA OF

HOLOTYPE (Figure 11).—Endite I with 1 short and

3 long bristles; endite II with 3 long bristles. Dorsal

margin of basale with 1 short proximal bristle and

1 distal bristle reaching beyond distal end of basale

(both bristles with bases on hirsute medial side of

basale); ventral margin of basale with 1 short proximal bristle, 1 minute distal bristle, and 1 long

terminal bristle (lateral surface with 1 short proximal bristle). Endopodite 2-jointed: 1st joint with

short dorsal bristle and long ^-bristle; end joint

with long terminal bristle.

Literature Cited

Blake, Charles

1933. Ostracoda. In Biological Survey of the Mount Desert

Region Conducted by William Procter, !5:229-241,

figures 39, 40.

California, State of, Department of Public Health

1954. Richmond Shoreline Investigation (Prepared for

Regional Water Pollution Control Board No. 2):

Project No. 54-2-3. I: Department of Fish and Game

Report (by M. L. Jones), pages 1-84, figures 1-5.

II: Bureau of Sanitary Engineering Report, tables 1-

4, 2 figures.

Cannon, H. G.

1933. On the Feeding Mechanism of Certain Marine Ostracods. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 57 (3) 30:739-764, 11 figures.

Cushman, J. A.

1906. Marine Ostracoda of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent

Waters. Boston Society of Natural History, Proceedings, 32(10):359-38"), plates 27-38.

Darby, D. G.

1965. Ecology and Taxonomy of Ostracoda in the Vicinity

of Sapelo Island, Georgia. Report no. 2 in Four Reports of Ostracod Investigations, 77 pages, 11 figures.

33 plates. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan.

[Offset report.]

Fish, C. D.

1925. Seasonal Distribution of the Plankton of the Woods

Hole Area Region. Bulletin of the United States

Bureau of Fisheries, 45:91-179.

Gallardo, V. A., and J. C. Castillo

1969. Quantitative Benthic Survey of the Infauna of Chile

Bay (Greenwich I., South Shetland Is.). Gayana, 16:

17, 3 figures.

Hartmann, Gerd

1965. Ostracoden des Sublitorals. Part III in HartmannSchroder and Hartmann, Zur Kenntnis des Sublitorals der chilenischen Kust unter besonderer

Bcrucksichtigung dcr Polychaeten und Ostracoden.

Mitteilungen aus dein Hamburgischen Zoologischen

Museum und Institut, 62:307-380, 131 figures.

Jones, M. E.

1954. See California. State of, Department of Public

Health.

1958a. Sarsiella tricoslata, a New Ostracod from San Francisco Bay (Myodocopa: Cypridinidae). Journal of

the Washington Academy of Sciences, 48(2):48-52,

figures I, 2.

1958b. Further Notes on Sarsiella tricostata. Journal of the

Washington Academy of Sciences, 48(7) :238, figures

1-3.

1961. A Quantitative Evaluation of the Benthic Fauna off

Point Richmond, California. University of California

Publications in Zoology, 67 (3):219-320, 30 figures.

Kornickcr, L. S.

1967. A Study of Three Species of Sarsiella (Ostracoda:

Myodocopa). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 122(3594): 46 pages, 19 figures, 4

plates.
20

1971. Benthic Ostracoda (Myodocopina: Cypridinacea)

from the South Shetland Islands and the Palmer

Archipelago, Antarctic. Biology of the Antarctic Seas

IV, Antarctic Research Series, 17:167-216, 32 figures.

1974. Spread of Ostracodcs to Exotic Environs on Transplanted Oysters. In Swain, Kornicker, and Lundin,

editors, Biology and Paleobiology of Ostracoda. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 65(282): 129-139.

In press. Antarctic Ostracoda (Myodocopina). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology, 163, 432 figures, 9 plates.

Kornicker, L. S., and C. D. Wise

1960. Some Environmental Boundaries of a Marine Ostracod. Micropaleontology, 6 (4) :393-398, figures 1-8.

1962. Sarsiella (Ostracoda) in Texas Bays and Lagoons.

Crustaceana, 4 (1) :57-74, figures 1-10.

Poulsen, E. M.

1965. Ostracoda-Myodocopa, 2: Cypridiniformes-RutiderSMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

matidae, Sarsiellidae and Asteropidae. In Dana Report, 65: 484 pages, 156 figures. Copenhagen:

Carlsberg Foundation.

Rhoads, D. C, and D. K. Young

1971. Animal-Sediment Relations in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, II: Reworking by Molpadia oolitica (Holothuroidea). Marine Biology, 11:255-261, figures 1-6.

Williams, L. W.

1907. A List of the Rhode Island Copepoda, Phyllopoda,

and Ostracoda with New Species of Copepoda. In

Thirty-seventh Annual Report of the Commissioners

of Inland Fisheries, Made to the General Assembly

at Its January Session, 1907:1-79, 3 plates.

Young, D. K., and D. C. Rhoads

197J. Animal-Sediment Relations in Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, I: A Transect Study. Marine Biology, 11:

242-254, figures 1-8.

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