Five New Bomolochid Copepods

Parasitic on

Indo-Pacific Clupeid Fishes

ROGER F. CRESSEY

and

HILLARY BOYLE

m

wtu.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 161
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SMITHSONIA N CONTRIBUTION S T O ZOOLOG Y • NUMBE R 16 1

Five New Bomolochid Gopepods

Parasitic on

Indo-Pacific Clupeid Fishes

Roger F. Cressey

and Hillary Boyle

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS

City of Washington

1973
ABSTRACT

Cressey, Roger F., and Hillary Boyle. Five New Bomolochid Copepods Parasitic

on Indo-Pacific Clupeid Fishes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number

161, 25 pages, 73 figures, 1973.—Five new species of bomolochid copepods were

discovered as parasitic on the eyes of Indo-Pacific clupeid fishes preserved in the

collections of the Smithsonian Institution. The new species described, Pumiliopes

capitulatus, Pumiliopes squamosus, Pumiliopsis plautus, Pumiliopsis emarginatus,

and Orbitacolax nudus were recovered from Clupanodon punctatus, Sardinella

zunasi, Sardinella sirm, Sardinella leiogaster, Sardinella perforata, and Herklotsiehthys punctatus respectively. Orbitacolax, considered by Pillai to be synonymous with Bomolochus, is retained as a separate genus.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded

in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER 4933. SERIES COVER

DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Cressey, RogeT F. 1930-

Five new bomolochid copepods parasitic on Indo-Pacific clupeid fishes.

(Smithsonian contributions to zoology, no. 161)

1. Pumiliopes. 2. Pumiliopsis. 3. Orbitacolax nudus. 4. Parasites—Fishes. I. Boyle, Hillary,

1949-joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions

to zoology, no. 161.

QL1.S54 no. 161 [QL444.C731 591'.08s f595'.34] 73-9997

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 60 cents (paper cover)
Five New Bomolochid Gopepods

Parasitic on

Indo-Pacific Clupeid Fishes

Roger F. Cressey

and Hillary Boyle

Introduction

Examination of several species of Indo-Pacific

clupeid fishes in the collections of the Smithsonian

Institution for parasitic copepods yielded 3 genera

containing 5 new species of Bomolochidae. Two of

the genera, Pumiliopes and Pumiliopsis, are so far

only known from the Indo-Pacific and recovered

only from the eyes of the hosts. The third genus,

Orbitacolax, is apparently circumtropical and

found both in the gill chamber and the eyes of the

hosts.

Pillai, 1962, considered the genus Orbitacolax to

be synonymous with Bomolochus because Shen's

generic diagnosis of Orbitacolax did not differ significantly from the definition of Bomolochus. We

feel that the diagnosis of Orbitacolax by Shen was

inadequate and that valid differences do exist;

hence, we prefer to retain the name Orbitacolax.

Work to result in revisions of the diagnosis of all

bomolochid genera is underway by the senior

author.

All material has been preserved in 70 percent

alcohol and deposited in the collections of the

Smithsonian Institution.

All figures were drawn with the aid of a Wild

drawing tube. Specimens were also examined with

a Cambridge Stereoscan Microscope in order to

clarify certain anatomical features not easily seen

Roger F. Cressey and Hillary Boyle, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.

by conventional means. These observations have

been incorporated into the descriptions and the

illustrations.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Drs. Bruce Collette and Robert V. Miller of the National Marine

Fisheries Service for verifying the identifications of

the host fish.

All measurements are taken from the holotype.

Pumiliopes capitulatus, new species

FIGURES 1-12

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—A single collection containing 2 females (holotype USNM 143616) from

the eye of Clupanadon punctatus (USNM 6495)

from Hong Kong.

FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 1. Total length

of holotype 1.53 mm, greatest width 0.75 mm

(measured across widest part of cephalon). Cephalon about as long as wide. Genital segment (Figure

2) wider than long (215/i x 118/t). Abdomen (see

Figure 2) 3-segmented: segments measure 71/i, 38^,

and 65JH long respectively; each of last 2 segments

narrower than preceding one; first 2 segments each

with transverse posteroventral band of fine spinules,

last segment with 2 ventral patches of scales and

row of fine spinules on each outer posterior corner.

Caudal rami (Figure 3) nearly 3 times as long as

wide (62ju. x 24^); each ramus with patch of 12-15

scales on ventral surface and 6 setae; longest seta

(106/i) with stout base.

1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

First antenna (Figure 4) 5-segmented; basal part

(first 2 segments) 289/A long, remaining segments 35/x,

18/A, and 24p long respectively, no aesthetes visible

on either of last 2 segments. Rostrum without

hooks. Second antenna (Figure 5) 3-segmented;

basal segment with seta on outer distal corner;

second segment with short, blunt medial seta; last

segment subdivided, outer part with row of 14-16

prominent recurved hooklets and short terminal

seta, inner part armed with stout claw arising near

midlength, 3 stout setae constricted in their posterior third, and 2 additional setae (one very short).

Labrum without ornamentation. Mouthparts consisting of mandible, paragnath, first maxilla, and

second maxilla as in Figure 6. Labium represented

by row of spinules posterior to mouth. Maxilliped

(Figure 7) with short, heavily sclerotized nearly

straight hook, without accessory process.

Legs 1-4 biramous; rami 2-segmented except for

leg 4 endopod. Leg 1 (Figure 8) coxopod with

stout, unarmed spine on outer corner and stout seta

on inner margin near margin of interpodal plate;

basipod with elongate patch of scalelike spinules

near endopod attachment area; exopod first segment with short seta on outer distal corner, last

segment with 3 short outer setae and 6 longer inner

setae; endopod first segment with seta on inner

margin and row of fine spinules near distal margin,

second segment lobate with 6 terminal setae and

row of scalelike spinules along proximal portion of

outer edge; interpodal plate covered with large

patch of prominent scalelike spinules. Leg 2 (Figure 9) basipod with patch of prominent scalelike

spinules near endopod attachment area and short

seta on opposite side; exopod first segment with

large patch of prominent scalelike spinules on outer

margin and short seta on outer distal corner, last

segment with row of spatulate spinules on outer

border, two weak setae on outer border and strong

outwardly curved terminal spine (tip of spine expanded); endopod first segment with prominent

patch of scalelike spinules on outer border and

short seta on inner distal corner, last segment with

patch of scalelike spinules along outer border and

5 sparsely plumose setae along inner to terminal

border. Leg 3 (Figure 10) armed as in leg 2 except basipod lacks scalelike spinules, spinules along

outer edge of last exopod segment in 3 groups, endopod last segment with 3 terminal setae. Leg 4

(Figure 11) basipod, and exopod armed essentially

as in leg 3; endopod 3-segmented, each of first two

segments with scalelike spinules along outer border

and seta on inner distal corner, last segment small

and bearing few scalelike spinules and 3 terminal

setae (middle one much longer than other 2). Leg

5 (Figure 12) with scalelike patches as in the figure,

short seta near midlength of outer edge and 3

terminal setae (outermost shortest and middle

longest). Leg 6 (see Figure 2) represented by 3

prominent setae on midlateral border of genital

segment.

Neither specimen was ovigerous.

MALE.—Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name capitulatus is

Latin for "ending in a small head," referring to

the tips of the exopod spines of legs 2-4.

REMARKS.—The only previously described species

of Pumiliopes was described by Shen, 1957, as P.

opisthopteri from the eye of Opisthopterus tardoore (C & V) from China. The new species described here can be easily separated from Shen's

species by the presence of scalelike spinules on the

rami of the thoracic legs of the new species, by the

nature of the maxilliped claw (strongly curved in

opisthopteri and nearly straight in capitulatus), and

by nature of the tips of the spines on the exopods

of legs 2-4 of the new species.

Pumiliopes squamosvs, new species

FIGURES 13-24

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—A single collection containing 3 females (holotype USNM 143618, 2 paratypes USNM 143619) from the eye of Sardinella

zunasi (USNM 71109) from Nagasaki, Japan.

FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 13. Total

length of holotype 1.32 mm and greatest width

0.77 mm (measured across widest part of cephalon).

Cephalon about as long as wide. Genital segment

(Figure 14) wider than long (265jn x 106p). Abdomen (see Figure 14) 3-segmented (segmentation indistinct) ; segments measure 48/x, 33/x, and 66^ long

respectively, each of last 2 segments narrower than

preceding one; first 2 segments each with transverse

posteroventral band of fine spinules, last segment

with 2 ventral prominent patches of scalelike spinules and row of spinules along each outer distal

corner. Caudal rami (Figure 15) nearly twice as

long as wide (65/* x 35ju); each ramus with patch

of 35-45 scalelike spinules on ventral surface and

6 setae; longest seta (165/x) with stout base.
NUMBER 161

First antenna (Figure 16) 5-segmented and

armed like that of capitulatus: basal part (first 2

segments) 259/* long, remaining segments 47/*, 15/*,

and 106/* long respectively. Rostrum without hooks.

Second antenna (Figure 17) like that of capitulatus

except outer edge with about twice as many hooklets in double row. Labrum (Figure 18) with 2

large patches of scalelike spinules. Remaining

mouthparts as in preceding species. Maxilliped

(Figure 19) similar to that of capitulatus except

that claw of squamosus is somewhat more curved.

Legs 1-4 biramous; rami 2-segmented except for

leg 4 endopod. Leg 1 (Figure 20) coxopod with

stout plumose seta on outer corner (in capitulatus

this armature is in form of naked, heavily sclerotized spine); basipod with transverse patch of scalelike spinules along distal border; exopod armed as

in preceding species; endopod also armed as in

preceding species except for increased number of

scalelike spinules on outer edges of segments; interpodal plate with 2 large patches of scalelike spinules. Leg 2 (Figure 21) armed essentially as in

capitulatus except exopod last segment with longer

spinules on outer edge and relatively shorter terminal spine with normally produced tip (expanded

in capitulatus). Leg 3 (Figure 22) as in leg 2 except

endopod last segment bears 3 setae instead of 5. Leg

4 (Figure 23) armed as in capitulatus except for

addition of scalelike spinules on basipod and

smaller terminal spine on tip of exopod. Leg 5

(Figure 24) as in capitulatus except for patch of

scalelike spinules near inner distal corner rather

than small pointed spinules present in capitulatus.

Leg 6 (see Figure 14) represented by 3 welldeveloped setae at midmargin of genital segment

(bases of setae obscured ventrally by ventral ridge).

Egg sacs containing approximately 150 eggs in a

single layer.

MALE.—Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name squamosus is

Latin for "scaly," referring to the abundance of

scalelike spinules on the legs and abdomen and

caudal rami.

REMARKS.—This species can be separated from

Shen's species by the presence of scalelike spinules

on various appendages. The maxilliped hook of

squamosus seems to be intermediate in curavature

between opisthopteri and capitulatus. The new

species can be separated from capitulatus by the

normal tips on the terminal exopod spines of

squamosus whereas in capitulatus they are expanded. It can be further separated by the nature

of the spinules on the last exopod segment of legs

2-4 and by the presence of a large patch of scalelike spinules on the basipod of legs 3 and 4 of

squamosus.

Pumiliopsis plautus, new species

FIGURES 25-38

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Three collections containing 10 females (holotype USNM 143620, and 9

paratypes USNM 143621) from the eyes of 25 Sardinella sirm (USNM 190004-8) and 5 Sardinella

leiogaster (120872) from the Philippines (Albatross

collections).

FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 25. Total

length of holotype 3.33 mm and greatest width 1.21

mm (measured at widest part of cephalon). Cephalon slightly wider than long. Dorsal surface of

rostrum depressed in form of cushionlike pad and

bearing rostral hooks ventrally. Segmentation of

thorax indistinct. Genital segment (Figure 26)

wider than long (525/* x 325/*), expanded laterally

with dorsal and ventral ridges (leg 6 inserted between); posterior corners each produced to form

tear-shaped process. Abdomen 3-segmented: first 2

segments each with transverse band of fine spinules

and indistinctly separate, third segment somewhat

bulbous ventrally with 2 patches of scalelike spinules; segments measure 124/*, 195/*, and 83/* long

respectively. Caudal rami (Figure 27) longer than

wide (136/* x 83/*); each ramus with patch of scalelike spinules and bearing 6 setae (longest 354/*

long).

Oral area as in Figure 28. First antenna (Figure

29) 6-segmented; basal part (first 3 segments) 295/*

long, remaining segments 65/*, 30/*, and 65/* long

respectively, aesthete present on penultimate segment. Second antenna (Figure 30) with 2-3 rows

of hooklets on outer edge of last segment, pectinate

spine, 4 terminal stout (but weak) spines, and 2

setae. Labrum (Figure 31) with 2 large patches of

scalelike spinules. Mandible, paragnath, first and

second maxilla as in Figure 31. Labium represented

by dense triangular patch of spinules posterior to

mouth area. Maxilliped (Figure 32) hook nearly

straight, directed posteriorly and with accessory

process on inner (concave) margin (it should be

noted that this process does not correspond to the

accessory process found on the convex margin of

some other bomolochids).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Legs 1-4 biramous, rami 2-segmented except for

endopod of leg 4. Leg 1 (Figure 33) coxopod with

inner stout seta and bifurcate, highly plumose seta

on dorsal surface of outer distal corner (Figure 34);

basipod with patches of spinules as indicated in

Figure 33; exopod first segment with outer spine,

second segment with 3 outer spines (middle one

directed inwardly and not easily seen from ventral

aspect, all spines on outer edge of exopod with

scales as indicated in Figure 34) and 6 terminal

setae; endopod first segment with transverse row

of scalelike spinules and inner seta, last segment

with band of scalelike spinules along outer edge

and 6 outer to terminal setae. Leg 2 (Figure 35)

coxopod without ornamentation; basipod with 2

patches of scalelike spinules on ventral surface and

dorsal seta on outer distal corner; exopod first segment with large patch of scalelike spinules along

outer edge, spine at outer distal corner, and patch

of larger spinules transversing distal margin, last

segment with 3 outer spines (each with very fine

spinules along outer edge), terminal spine bearing

row of heavy spinules, and 2 terminal setae; endopod first segment with patch of small scalelike

spinules and row of thick hairs along outer edge,

last segment with few scalelike spinules along outer

edge, row of thick hairs along proximal half of

outer edge, 2 short outer spines, and 5 terminal to

inner setae (outermost much shorter than other

4); all outer hairs on endopod segments are thick

and of uniform thickness throughout their lengths,

many forked or spatulate at tips (see Figure 36).

Leg 3 (Figure 36) as in leg 2 except endopod with

3 terminal setae and minor variations as indicated

in figure. Leg 4 (Figure 37) coxopod, basipod, and

exopod as in leg 3; endopod 3-segmented, first segment with modified hairs along outer edge, patch

of scalelike spinules near outer edge, and short

inner seta, second segment armed as first except

inner seta much longer, last segment with 3 terminal setae (outermost shortest and middle longest) . Leg 5 (Figure 38) greatly enlarged; basal

segment with very long, finely spinulose seta, last

segment with 3 patches of scalelike spinules and 4

short setae (one near mid-outer margin, one subterminal and 2 terminal). Leg 6 represented by 3

setae on lateral margin of genital segment.

Egg sacs flattened and containing approximately

250 eggs.

MALE.—Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name plautus is Latin,

meaning "flat footed," referring to the greatly expanded and enlarged fifth leg of the female.

REMARKS.—This very bizarre bomolochid can be

easily separated from the only previously described

member of the genus, P. sardinellae (Bennet), and

the following new species by the nature of the fifth

leg. Further, the flagella on the setae of the first

antenna, on the setae on the rami of leg 1, and on

the outer margins of the endopods of legs 2-4 are

thickened, filiform, and in some cases forked or

spatulate at their tips.

Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species

FIGURES 39-62

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—One collection containing

10 females and 4 males (holotype USNM 143622,

allotype male USNM 143623, paratypes 9 females,

3 males USNM 143624) from the eyes of 18 Sardinella perforata (USNM 190241) from Manila,

Philippines (Albatross collection).

FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 39. Total

length 3.24 mm and greatest width 1.18 mm (measured at widest part of cephalon). Cephalon more or

less rounded. Rostrum (Figure 40) conical with

small ventral sensilla on each side of bifurcate tip

and 2 dorsal hooks near base. Length of rostrum

236^, width at base 224/t. Genital segment (Figure

41) almost twice as wide as long (324^ x 531/*),

length measured from anterior edge to end of posterolateral sclerotization. Abdomen apparently 2-segmented; first segment relatively long (401/i) without ornamentation, tapering gradually; second

segment short (65^) with 4-5 uneven longitudinal

rows of scalelike spinules and row of fine spinules

around posterolateral edge. Caudal rami (Figure

42) longer than wide (77/i. x 59/*); each ramus with

2-3 uneven longitudinal rows of scalelike spinules

and 6 setae (longest seta 159/*).

First antenna (Figure 43) 5-segmented, second

segment incompletely divided. Basal 2 segments

measure 325/x, remaining 3 measure 74/x, 33/x, and

71/i long respectively; no aesthetes visible. Second

antenna (Figure 44) with several rows of small,

closely placed spinules on third segment, 4 hooked

spines and 2 setae distally. Labrum with 2 patches

of scalelike spines as in Figure 45. Mandible, paragnath, first and second maxilla as in Figure 45.

First maxilla with 3 setae, innermost sparsely

plumose, outer 2 naked, middle seta very long
NUMBER 161

(325yii). Labium represented by a single row of short

spines posterior to mouth. Maxilliped (Figure 46)

hook strong, nearly straight without acessory

process.

Legs 1-4 biramous, rami 2-segmented except

endopod of leg 4. Leg 1 (Figure 47) coxopod with

broad inner seta, and outer plumose seta visible

under exopod; basipod with 2 patches of scalelike

spinules; exopod first segment with outer spine,

second segment with 3 outer spines and 6 plumose

setae; endopod first segment with outer patch of

scalelike spinules and inner seta, second segment

with 6 setae. Leg 2 (Figure 48) basipod with 2-3

rows of scalelike spinules ventrally and short dorsal

seta; exopod first segment with 2 distinct patches of

scalelike spinules on outer edge, one spine on outer

distal corner and patch of stout spinules at distal

margin, second segment with 3 naked outer spines,

terminal spine armed with stout spinules and 3

terminal setae, outer edge of segment armed with

3 patches of stout spinules; endopod first segment

with short inner seta, second segment with 5 inner

to terminal setae and 2 short outer setae, outer

margin of segment fringed with 2 patches of short

hairs. Leg 3 (Figure 49) basipod with short dorsal

seta, exopod and first segment of endopod as in

leg 2; endopod second segment with short inner seta

and 4 terminal setae (outermost 2 short). Leg 4

(Figure 50) basipod, exopod and first segment of

endopod as in leg 3; endopod second segment with

inner seta, third segment with 3 terminal setae

(middle one longest). Leg 5 (Figure 51) basal segment with one dorsal seta, last segment without

surface ornamentation, truncate distally and bearing 4 setae (one outer and 3 terminal). Leg 6 represented by 3 short, stout setae on lateral margin of

genital segment (see Figure 41).

Egg sacs flattened and containing approximately

250 eggs.

MALE.—Body form as in Figure 52. Total length

0.97 mm, greatest width 0.38 mm measured at

widest part of cephalon. Cephalon slightly wider

than long with slightly protruding, rounded rostrum (not produced as in female). Genital segment

slightly longer than wide (218^ x 207^), outer

distal corners produced. Abdomen (Figure 53) 2-

segmented: first segment (57/* long) with transverse patch of fine spinules; second segment (59/A

long) with one transverse and 2 nearly longitudinal

rows of scalelike spinules (spinules in transverse row

elongate). Caudal rami (Figure 53) longer than

wide (41ju. x 30/i), each ramus with patch of scalelike spinules and 6 setae (longest seta 590/x, more

than half total body length).

First antenna (Figure 54) 5-segmented, with most

setae finely plumose and aesthetes on fourth and

fifth segments; segments measure 59/*, 100/t, 35/», 23M,

and 38/t long respectively. Second antenna (Figure

55) with spinelike process on second segment, third

segment with several rows of spinules, 4 hooked

spines and 2 setae, and long pectinate spine. Mouthparts as in Figure 56. Labrum with scalelike

spinules similar to female. Maxilliped (Figure 57)

base with one seta; second segment stout with outer

row of long hairs, proximal triangular process,

2-3 rows of strong, teethlike spines and 2 setae on

inner edge; third segment in form of 2-segmented

claw, second segment with one seta and finely

toothed at tip.

Legs 1-4 biramous, each ramus 3-segmented except leg 4 endopod. Leg 1 (Figure 59) coxopod

with inner plumose seta and row of long spinules

on outer distal corner; basipod with 2 patches of

broad scalelike spinules, blunt spine on inner edge,

and dorsal seta near outer distal corner; exopod

first segment with fine spinules on outer edge, outer

pectinate spine and 2-3 heavy spinules on outer

distal corner, second segment with inner plumose

seta, outer spine and slender spinules on outer edge,

third segment with 3 outer spines and 4 terminal

to inner setae, outer edge with slender spinules;

endopod first and second segments each with transverse row of elongate scalelike spinules and inner

seta, third segment with 5 setae. Leg 2 (Figure 59)

coxopod with short spinules on outer distal corner;

basipod with row of slender spinules on inner distal

edge and row of spatulate, scalelike spinules on

outer distal edge between insertion of endopod and

exopod; exopod first segment with outer row of

scalelike spinules, one outer spine and few stout

spinules on outer distal corner, second segment with

inner plumose seta, outer spine and small spinules

on outer edge, third segment with 3 outer spines

(last 2 with teethlike outer spinules), 5 terminal

to inner setae, outer edge of segment with 2 patches

of spinules; endopod first segment with row of

slender spinules and inner seta, second segment with

row of spinules and 2 inner setae, third segment

with 2 short terminal spines and 2 inner setae. Leg

3 (Figure 60) basipod with uneven row of blunt

spinules on inner distal corner, exopod and endopod similar to leg 2 except outer edge of exopod
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

second segment without ornamentation. Leg 4

(Figure 61) basipod as in leg 3; exopod similar to

leg 3 except last segment with 4 plumose setae;

endopod 2-segmented, first segment with row of

scalelike spinules and inner plumose seta, second

segment elongate with 3 terminal setae (middle

longest) and distal row of slender spinules. Leg 5

(Figure 62) basal segment with long, finely plumose dorsal seta, last segment with row of fine

spinules on inner distal edge, inner distal bipectinate spine and outer distal plumose seta.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name emarginatus is

Latin for "notched at the apex," referring to the

shape of the rostrum in the female.

REMARKS.—The female of this species can be

separated from that of P. sardinellae (Bennet) by

the following: the abdomen of P. emarginatus is

2-segmented (3-segmented in P. sardinellae); the

last segment of the endopod of leg 3 of P. emarginatus has 3 inner to terminal setae (P. sardinellae

with 5) . In the male, the exopods of legs 1-4 are

3-segmented in P. emarginatus (2-segmented in P.

sardinellae). The female of this species can be separated from P. plautus by the nature of the fifth

leg.

Orbitacolax nudus, new species

FIGURES 63-73

MATERIAL EXAMINED.—One collection containing

9 females (holotype USNM 143625, para types

USNM 143626) from the eyes of 7 Herklotsiehthys

punctatus (USNM 190059) from Toumindao Island, Philippines (Albatross collection).

FEMALE.—Body form as in Figure 63. Total

length 1-77 mm, greatest width 0.88 mm (measured

at widest part of cephalon). Cephalon wider than

long. Rostrum slightly produced, with 2 prominent

dorsal hooks and 2 smaller ventral ones (Figure

66). Genital segment (Figure 64) wider than long

(177/* x 277/x). Abdomen 3-segmented: first segment with ventral transverse band of small, scalelike spinules; last 2 segments indistinctly separated,

each with 2 patches of scalelike spinules; length

of segments 94M, 52/i, and 75/t respectively. Caudal

rami (Figure 65) longer than wide (56/x x 35/x),

each ramus with large ventral patch of scalelike

spinules and 6 setae (longest 195/*).

First antenna (Figure 66) 5-segmented; basal

part 289M long, remaining segments 35/x, 18/x,

24/x respectively, aesthetes present on fourth and

fifth segments. Second antenna (Figure 67) with

blunt spine on second segment, several rows of

closely placed spinules, long pectinate spine, 4

hooked spines and 2 setae on third segment. Labrum

with 2 patches of scalelike spinules as in Figure 68.

Mandible, first maxilla, second maxilla, and paragnath as in Figure 68. Labium represented by 2

patches of spines posterior to mouth. Maxilliped

(Figure 69) hook sickle-shaped, without accessory

process.

Legs 1-4 biramous, rami 3-segmented, segmentation in leg 1 indistinct. Leg 1 (Figure 70) coxopod

with broad, inner seta and outer dorsal seta; basipod

with 2 patches of scalelike spinules; exopod first

segment with outer spine, second segment (incompletely separated from third) with outer spine,

third segment with outer spine and 7 setae; endopod

first segment with transverse row of scalelike

spinules and inner seta, second segment (incompletely separated from third) with outer band of

scalelike spinules and inner seta, third segment

with 5 terminal plumose setae. Leg 2 (Figure 71)

basipod with 2 ventral patches of scalelike spinules

and dorsal seta; exopod first segment with patch of

scalelike spinules around outer edge, spine on outer

distal corner and patch of spinules on distal margin,

second segment with outer spine and large patch

of spinules on outer margin, third segment with

2 outer spines, one terminal spine armed with

barbed spinules, 2 terminal setae, and 2 patches

of spinules on outer and distal margins; endopod

first segment with large patch of scalelike spinules

on outer edge and one short inner seta, second

segment with patch of scalelike spinules on outer

to distal margin and 2 inner setae, third segment

with patch of scalelike spinules on outer to distal

margin and 3 terminal setae (middle longest). Leg

3 similar to leg 2 except endopod second and third

segments with one less seta each. Leg 4 (Figure 72)

similar to leg 3 except endopod third segment with

no surface ornamentation. Leg 5 (Figure 73) basal

segment with one dorsal seta, last segment with fine

hairs as in figure, one outer seta beyond midmargin

of segment and 3 terminal setae (middle longest).

Leg 6 represented by 3 setae on dorsolateral border

of genital segment.

MALE.—Unknown.

ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name nudus is from

Latin meaning "naked" and refers to the lack of an

accessory spine on the maxilliped hook.
NUMBER 161

REMARKS.—This new species can be separated

from all 7 previously described Orbitacolax by its

lack of an accessory spine on the maxilliped hook.

It can be further separated from O. analogus Vervoort, O. leptoscari (Yamaguti), O. oniscoides Vervoort, and O. uniquis Shen because the distal tips

of leg 5 of the 4 preceding species bear only 2 welldeveloped setae (outermost either lacking or very

reduced). The remaining 3 previously described

species all appear more closely related to O. nudus.

Their legs are described and illustrated as densely

spinulose as in O. nudus. This species can be separated from these 3 (O. aculeatus (Pillai), O. dactylopterusi (Carvalho), and O. hapalogenyus (Yamaguti and Yamasu) because leg 5 of O. nudus bears

only a single patch of spinules whereas the preceding 3 bear 2. Other variations in the arrangement

of spinule patches and numbers of setae on legs

1—4 serve to separate O. nudus from the previously

described species of Orbitacolax.

Literature Cited

Carvalho, J.P.

1958. Botnolochus dactylopterusi sp. nov. (Crust. Copepoda) Parasita del "Pez Volador." Neotropica, 4

(14):47-50.

Pillai, K.N.

1962. On a New Species of Bomolochus (Copepoda) with

Remarks on Orbitacolax Shen. The Journal of Parasitology, 48 (4):610-612.

1967. Redescription of Bomolochus sardinellae Bennet and

Its Transfer to Pumiliopsis gen. nov. (Copepoda).

Crustaceana, 12 (13):249-256.

Shen, C.

1957. Parasitic Copepods from Fishes of China, Part I:

Cyclopoida (1). Ada Zoologica Sinica, 9 (4):297-327.

Vervoort, W.

1969. Caribbean Bomolochidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida).

Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands, 28 (105) : 1-125.

Yamaguti, S.

1953. Parasitic Copepods from Fishes of Japan, Part 7:

Cyclopoida, III, and Caligoida, IV. Publications of

the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 3 (2):221-229.

Yamaguti, S., and T. Yamasu

1959. Parasitic Copepods from Fishes of Japan with Descriptions of 26 New Species and Remarks on Two

Known Species. Biological Journal of Okayama

University, 5 (3-4): 89-165.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 1-6.—Pumiliopes capitulatus, new species, female: 1, dorsal; 2, genital segment and

abdomen, ventral; 3, last abdominal segment and caudal rami, ventral; 4, first antenna; 5,

second antenna; 6, labrum, mandible (md), first maxilla, second maxilla (mx,), labium.
NUMBER 161

10

FIGURES 7-12.—Pumiliopes capitulatus, new species, female (continued): 7, maxilliped; 8, leg 1;

9, leg 2; 10, leg 3; 11, leg 4; 12, leg 5.
10

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 15-17.—Pumiliopes squamosus, new species, female: 13, dorsal; 14, genital segment and

abdomen, ventral; 15, last abdominal segment and caudal rami, ventral; 16, first antenna; 17,

second antenna.
NUMBER 161 11

FIGURES 18-21.—Pumiliopes squamous, new species, female (continued): 18, labrum, mandible

(md), first maxilla, paragnath, second maxilla (mx,), labium; 19, maxilliped, 20, leg 1; 21, leg 2-
12

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

25

FIGURES 22-26.—Pumiliopes squamosus, new species, female (continued): 22, leg S; 23, leg 4; 24,

leg 5. Pumiliopsis plant us, new species, female: 25, dorsal; 26, genital segment and abdomen,

ventral.
NUMBER 161 13

30

FIGURES 27-30.—Pumiliopsis plautus, new species, female (continued): 27, last abdominal segment

and caudal rami, ventral; 28, oral area; 29, rostrum and first antenna, ventral; 30, second antenna.
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

32 oT* AOoo-o

FIGURES 31-32.—Pumiliopsis plautus, new species, female (continued): 31, labrum, mandible (md),

first maxilla, paragnath, second maxilla (mx,), labium, 32, maxilliped.
NUMBER 161 15

34

FICUXES 33-35. Pumiliopsis plautus, new species, female (continued): 33, leg 1; 34, leg 1 coxopod

seta and outer edge exopod, dorsal; 35, leg 2.
16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

36

37

FIGURES 36-38.—Pumiliopsis plautus, new species, female (continued): 36, leg 3 with enlarged

detail of endopod hairs; 37, leg 4; 38, leg 5.
NUMBER 161 17

FIGURES 39-43.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, female: 39, dorsal; 40, rostrum, ventral;

41, genital segment and abdomen, ventral; 42, last abdominal segment and caudal rami, ventral;

43, first antenna.
18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

45

46

FIGURES 44-46.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, female (continued): 44, second antenna;

45, labrum, mandible (md) first maxilla, paragnath, second maxilla (mx2), labium; 46, maxilliped.
NUMBER 161

19

48

FIGURES 47-49.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, female (continued): 47, leg 1; 48, leg 2;

49, leg 3.
20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 50-53.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, female (continued): 50, leg 4; 51, leg 5.

Male: 52, dorsal; 53, last abdominal segment and caudal rami, ventral.
NUMBER 161 21

FIGURES 54-57.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, male (continued): 54, rostrum and first

antenna, ventral; 55, second antenna; 56, mandible, first maxilla, paragnath, second maxilla; 57,

maxilliped.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FKUUB 58-00.—PumiHopsis emargitutius, new specks, male (continued): 58, leg 1; 59, leg
NUMBER 161

65

Ficinus 61-65.—Pumiliopsis emarginatus, new species, male (continued): 61, leg 4; 62, kg 5.

Orbitacolax muftis, new species, female: 63, dorsal; 64, genital segment and abdomen, ventral;

65, last abdominal segment and caudal ramt, ventral.
24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 66-69.—Orbitacolax nudus, new species, female (continued): 66, rostrum and first antenna,

ventral; 67, second antenna; 68, labrum, mandible (md), first maxilla, paragnath, second maxilla

(mx»), labium; 69, maxilliped.
NUMBER 161 25

FIGURES 70-73.—Orbitacolax nudus, new species, female (continued): 70, leg 1; 71, leg 2; 72, leg

4; 73, leg 5.

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