Shear Wave Structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, 

Strong Motion Seismometer Sites Affected by the 

1997 Umbria-Marche, Italy, Earthquake Sequence

Robert Kayen1, Giuseppe Scasserra2, Jonathan P. Stewart3 and Giuseppe Lanzo 2

Open File Report 2008–1010, v. 1.1

2008 

1 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA

2

 University of Rome, Italy

3

 University of California at Los Angeles

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey
2

U.S. Department of the Interior

Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Mark D. Myers, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 

Revised 2009

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Suggested citation: 

Robert Kayen, Giuseppe Scasserra , Jonathan P. Stewart, and Giuseppe Lanzo, 2008, revised 2009, Shear 

wave structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, strong motion seismometer sites affected by the 1997 

Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence : U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2008-

1010, v. 1.1, 51 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1010/]. 

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Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual 

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3

Shear Wave Structure of Umbria and Marche, Italy, Strong 

Motion Seismometer Sites Affected by the 1997-98 UmbriaMarche, Italy, Earthquake Sequence

INTRODUCTION

A long sequence of earthquakes, eight with magnitudes between 5 and 6, struck the Umbria and 

Marche regions of central Italy between September 26, 1997 and July 1998. The earthquake swarm 

caused severe structural damage, particularly to masonry buildings, and resulted in the loss of twelve 

lives and about 150 injuries. The source of the events was a single seismogenic structure that consists of 

several faults with a prevailing northwest-southeast strike and crosses the Umbria-Marche border. The 

focal mechanism of the largest shocks indicates that the events were the product of shallow extensional 

normal faulting along a NE-SW extension perpendicular to the trend of the Apennines. 

The network of analog seismometer stations in the Umbria and Marche regions recorded motions 

of the main September and October 1997 events and a dense array of mobile digital stations, installed 

since September 29, recorded most of the swarm. The permanent national network Rete 

Accelerometrica Nazionale (RAN) is administered and maintained by Dipartimento delle Protezione 

Civile (DPC: Civil Protection Department); the temporary array was managed by Servizio Sismico 

Nazionale (SSN) in cooperation with small agencies and Universities (SSN, 2002) . ENEA, the operator 

of many seismometer stations in Umbria, is the public Italian National Agency for New Technologies, 

Energy and the Environment.

 Many of the temporary and permanent stations in the Italian seismic network have little or no 

characterization of seismic velocities (Scarserra, et al. 2008; Scarserra, et al. in press). In this study, we 

investigated 17 Italian sites using an active-source approach that employs low frequency harmonic 

waves to measure the dispersive nature of surface waves in the ground. We used the Spectral Analysis 

of Surface Wave (SASW) approach, coupled with an array of harmonic-wave electro-mechanical 

sources that are driven in-phase to excite the ground. An inversion algorithm using a non-linear leastsquares best-fit method is used to compute shear wave velocities for up to 100 meters of the soil 

column. A draft report was published in the summer of 2008, followed by a comment period, lengthy 

discussions with Italian colleagues, and improved knowledge of the subsurface at the sites from soil 

logs. Four of the sites were reprocessed in order to correct issues with phase unwrapping of the field 

dispersion curves that complicated the velocity profile calculations at the lowest velocity sites. This 

report presents the final results from the reprocessing effort.

1997-98 Umbria-Marche, Italy, Earthquake Sequence 

The regions of Umbria and Marche were shaken by two strong motion events on September 26, 

1997 near Colfiorito on the Umbria-Marche border. Temporary stations were deployed in the epicentral 

region and recorded two large shocks on October 3 and 6. Later on October 12, 14, and November 9, 

swarms of quakes occurred in the vicinity of the town of Sellano. 
4

After almost five months of relative seismic quiescence, two strong motion events occurred in 

the northern part of Umbria (Gualdo Tadino area) on March 26 and April 3 1998 (Decanini et al., 2002) 

with magnitudes of 5.6 and 5.3. The September events were the largest with magnitudes of M5.8 and 

M6.0. The two October quakes near Colfiorito were of M5.3 and the Sellano swarm had several major 

shocks that ranged from M4.5 to 5.7. In Colfiorito, the largest peak accelerations recorded were 0.38g 

and 0.44g horizontal and 0.33g vertical. In Nocera Umbra, the largest peak accelerations were 0.56g 

and 0.50g horizontal and 0.42g vertical (Trobiner et al., 1997).

The geologic setting of the rock in the mountainous Apennines of the Umbria-Marche regions 

consists of folded and thrust-faulted Mesozoic and Cenozoic marl, marl clays, and limestone. Valley

alluvium of Pleistocene and Holocene age fill the drainages and lowland areas. In general, the region is 

dissected by a suite of NNW-trending Cenozoic thrust faults, now undergoing extension. The setting of 

faulted marine units has been the source of over a score of shallow damaging earthquakes in the past 

800 years. 

The Umbria-Marche earthquake swarm severely damaged hundreds of architecturally and 

culturally important structures, including the Basilica of St. Francesco in the town of Assisi, as well as 

palaces, towers, churches and historically important residences. In Foligno and Nocera Umbra, the 

towns’ medieval towers collapsed, and numerous city gates were damaged. Severe damage was found, 

almost exclusively, in the stone masonry constructed structures. Strong-motion stations located within 

these towns, and the temporary stations set up after the initial events in more rural settings, were the 

object of our SASW testing program. All of the sites tested using SASW were temporary and permanent 

stations set up in or near the hilltop towns, or surrounding agricultural fields.

Velocity Measurements

The 17 strong-motion instrument sites were measured for velocity structure using a controlled 

sine wave source and the spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) method. The SASW method of 

testing is a portable, inexpensive, and efficient means of non-invasively estimating the stiffness 

properties of the ground to depths up to 100 meters. Prior to the development of non-invasive surface 

wave methods, shear waves were measured in cased boreholes in rock or by penetration tests, both 

costly methods, using a conventional travel-time approach. For many of the sites we studied in Umbria 

and Marche regions, the penetration method could not sound to useful depths, and limited borehole data 

are available. The surface wave test apparatus is highly portable allowing us to measure in remote 

locations where only small all-wheel-drive vehicles can go: for example, site 263GBB, Gubbio Park 

Collo.
5

Figure 1. The seventeen Italian sites tested in this study are located in the regions of Umbria and 

Marche. The Google Map color of the site marker indicates NEHRP classifications for E (Blue), D 

(Red), C (Yellow), and B (Green) Vs30 velocities.. Refer to Table 1 for site and velocity classification 

data 

For the seventeen Italian sites, we use a surface wave testing system and a crew of two people to 

collect dispersion data. The test apparatus consist of 1-Hz seismometers, a low frequency spectrum 

analyzer, two computer-controlled electro-mechanical harmonic-wave sources (shakers) and their 

amplifiers, cables and approximately 4.0 kW of total electrical output from generators made available in 

each test region. The 1-Hz Kinemetrics receivers we use are designed for capturing vertical motions 

and cover the frequency range of interest in the active-source surface-wave test. For a source, the 

spectrum analyzer produces a sine wave signal that is split into a parallel circuit and by two separate 

power amplifiers to produce an in-phase continuous harmonic-wave. Two arrayed APS Dynamics 

Model 400 electro-mechanical shakers receive the input waveform and oscillate in vertical motion to 

excite the ground. The receivers record the waves and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is performed on 

each of the two receiver signals. In near-real time, the linear spectra, cross-power spectra, and 

coherence are computed. The ability to perform near real-time frequency domain calculations and 

monitor the progress and quality of the test allows us to adjust various aspects of the test to optimize the 

capture of the phase data. These aspects include the source-wave generation, frequency step-size 

between each sine-wave burst, number of cycles-per-frequency, total frequency range of all the steps, 

and receiver spacing.
6

The dual shaker-sources are arrayed orthogonally to the SASW seismometer line. The test steps 

through a suite of frequencies, and for each frequency phase computations are made. This method of 

swept-sine surface wave testing sweeps through a broad range of low frequencies in order to capture the 

surface wave-dispersion characteristics of the ground. This approach is a modification of the 

Continuous Sine Wave Source Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (CSS-SASW) test presented by 

Kayen and others (2004a; 2005). 

Spacing of the receivers stepped geometrically from 1 meter to 160 meters. The two seismometers 

are separated by a given distance, d, and the source is usually placed at a distance of d from the inner 

seismometer (Figure 6). Rayleigh wave wavelengths (λ) are computed by relating the seismometer 

spacing (δ) and the phase angle (θ, in radians determined from the peak of the cross-power spectrum) 

between the seismometers:

λ = 2πd/θ (1)

The Rayleigh wave surface wave velocity, Vr, is computed as the product of the frequency and its 

associated wavelength: 

Vr = ƒλ (2)

Figure 2. Configuration of the USGS surface wave testing system at site 262GBP Gubbio Piana 

Soil Site (43.314°N,12.59°E) composed of 1-Hz vertical motion sensors and two-100 kg electromechanical harmonic wave shakers. The shaker apparatus are arrayed in a parallel circuit and 

synchronized in phase. 
7

Computing the average dispersion curve for a site requires that we collect a suite of individual 

data sets that relate Rayleigh wave phase velocities to their corresponding frequencies and wavelengths. Regardless of the array dimensions, we routinely compute phase velocities for phase angles 

between 120 degrees and 1080 degrees, corresponding to wavelengths of 3d and d/3 respectively. If the 

data are noisy, the range is narrowed to 180 degrees and 720 degrees, or 2d and d/2. For example, if the 

array separation was 3 meters, velocities are inverted for Rayleigh wavelengths of 1m-to-9meters. 

Longer wavelengths sound more deeply into the ground and are needed to extend profile depths. These 

long wavelength data are associated with low frequencies. Figure 3 presents a plot of a group of eight 

individual dispersion curves that together cover a range of wavelengths from 0.6 meters–to-400 meters. 

The averaged dispersion curve from these eight profiles is used to invert the velocity structure of the 

ground.

Figure 3. A group of eight dispersion curves covering a wavelength range of 1 meter to 120 

meters (Site 267CSC, Cascia, Umbria).

The inversion process is used to estimate the soil stiffness model having a computed theoreticaldispersion curve that is a best-fit with the experimental dispersion data collected in the field. That is, we 

invert shear wave velocity profiles using an inversion code that hunts for the best-fit shear wave velocity 

profile whose theoretical dispersion curve is the closest match with the averaged field dispersion curve. 
8

The term “best-fit” refers to the minimum sum of the squares of residuals from the differences between 

the theoretical and experimental dispersion curves. Several inversion algorithms are used to compute 

theoretical shear wave velocity profiles. The inversion algorithm, WaveEq of OYO Corp. (Hayashi and 

Kayen, 2003) uses an automated-numerical approach that employs a constrained least-squares fit of the 

theoretical and experimental dispersion curves. A second inversion algorithm, developed by Lai and 

Rix (1998) was used to compare with profiles generated using the OYO software. For the Cascia, 

Umbria site, noted above in Figure 3, we invert a shear wave velocity structure that climbs in from less 

than 300 m/s at the surface to in excess of 1900 m/s at 40 meters. The averaged Vs,30 value for this site 

is 540 m/s.

Figure 4. Shear wave velocity profile for Cascia, Umbria site 267CSC.

 

The testing program investigated seventeen sites in Umbria and Marche. These sites are listed in 

the order they were tested in Table 1. Typically, the strong motion recording (SMR) stations are located 

in residential or light industrial sites outside the town center, parks, or on private farm land. We located 

the testing system next to the SMR stations, or the GPS location of the site if we could not observe the 

SMR station. 
9

SITE SITE NAME TOWN REGION LAT LON NEHRP Vs_30 

(m/s)

NEHRP(SUB)

254BEV BEVAGNA BEVAGNA UMBRIA 42.932 12.611 D 182 D255FSMI CHURCH ST 

MARIA

FOLIGNO UMBRIA 42.954 12.699 C 380 C256CSA CASTEL 

NUOVO 

ASSISI

ASSISI UMBRIA 43.008 12.591 D 293 D+

257CLF COLFIORITO COLFIORITO UMBRIA 43.037 12.921 E 168 E

258CLC COLFIORITOCASERMETTECOLFIORITO UMBRIA 43.029 12.890 D 296 D+

259NCR NOCERA NOCERA UMBRIA 43.111 12.785 C 477 C260NCB STATION-B 

BISCONTIN

NOCERA 

UMBRA - B

UMBRIA 43.104 12.805 C 393 C261NCS STATION-C 

GRAVEL 

ROAD

NOCERA 

UMBRA - C

UMBRIA 43.148 12.791 C 585 C+

262GBP GUBBIO SOIL 

SITE PIANA

GUBBIO UMBRIA 43.314 12.590 D 281 D+

263GBB GUBBIO -

PARK COLLO

GUBBIO UMBRIA 43.358 12.595 B 790 B264NCI

 (NRZI)

NORCIA 

INDUSTRIAL 

PARK

NORCIA UMBRIA 42.780 13.097 C 525 C+

265NRC NORCIA SITE 

C

NORCIA 

SITE C

UMBRIA 42.792 13.097 C 568 C+

266NRA NORCIA 

TEMP. STA. 

A

NORCIA UMBRIA 42.796 13.081 D 218 D267CSC CASCIA CASCIA UMBRIA 42.719 13.012 C 540 C+

268CSR CASCIA 

PETRUCCI 

APTMTS

CASCIA UMBRIA 42.718 13.018 C 430 C269SELW SELLANO 

WEST

SELLANO UMBRIA 42.886 12.922 C 503 C270MTL MATELICA MATELICA MARCHE 43.248 13.008 C 491 CTable 1. Italian station locations and their corresponding SASW and SMR site identifier, along 

with the computed 30-meter average shear wave velocity and NEHRP site code.

The inversion of a theoretical velocity profile was performed using the two algorithms noted 

above. The use of two independent algorithms is intended to provide quality control and quality 

assurance checks on the inverted velocity profile. For the Italian sites, the two algorithms computed 

similar velocity profiles when applied to the average dispersion curve. Typically, an approximately ten 
10

layer model was used for the inversion, with layer thicknesses geometrically expanding with depth. The 

increasing layer thicknesses correspond with decreasing dispersion information in the longer 

wavelength (deeper) portion of the dispersion curve. The profiles generally increase in stiffness with 

depth, though low velocity layers are present in several of the profiles. 

The simplest way of characterizing the overall site condition is to use the average shear wave 

velocity in the uppermost 30 meters of the subsurface (Vs30 from the IBC, 2002). Equation 3 is used to 

compute this average velocity based on the unit layer thickness (di) and the corresponding intervalvelocity (VSi).

!

VS"depth"

averaged

=

di

i=1

n

#

di

i=1 VSi

n

#

(3)

The Italian SMR averaged velocities for the upper 30 meters ranged from 168 to 790 m/s. The 

velocities fall within NEHRP categories “E”-through- “B”. 

 Data reprocessing of slow sites

To perform the SASW tests, we used two electromechanical shakers that work in parallel-phase to 

load the ground with 200-kg of dynamic force. With a frequency controlled source, the test starts from 

a high frequency and progresses in a stepped ('swept') sine mode to the lowest frequency setting. At 

four sites (Colfiorito sites 257CLF and 258CLF, Gubbio Piana site 262GBP, and Norcia temporary site 

266NRA) there are very low velocity lake or marsh deposits. At these sites, the field data collection 

was performed incorrectly with a lowest frequency setting that was too high to capture the first phase 

jump (first 180° of data). For these cases, a given seismometer separation was tested with a frequency 

sweep range designed in order to capture data from below 180 degrees, to 720 degrees, but actually 

captured data above 180 degrees, so that the first phase jump was at 540 degrees. For these sites, a 

simple reprocessing was done to the data to add the required one phase jump (360°) to correct the 

dispersion curves to the proper wrapped phase number. This adjustment of exactly one phase jump of 

360° properly positions the dispersion curves to their true phase. The two effects of the correction of 

the phase is the decrease in the computed wavelengths and velocities. The wavelength is decreased by:

λ(corrected)=2πd/(θ+2π) (4)

. 

The velocities decrease by

Vr = ƒ•2πd/(θ+2π) (5)

 The effect of correcting the phase wrap and reducing the calculated wavelength, is to ultimately 

reduce the depth of the sub-surface velocity profile. 
11

Besides the reprocessing of four sites, we used the opportunity to reevaluate the other thirteen sites 

using the OYO code and an alternate inversion code developed by Georgia Tech University (Lai and 

Rix, 1998). The velocity characteristics for these sites are, either, the same or similar to the 2008 openfile report results.

 Field sites

Seventeen field sites were investigated in Umbria and Marche States between November 11, 2006 

and November 21, 2006. At each of these sites, we deployed SASW and micro tremor equipment to 

capture surface waves either actively generated by our shaker or ambient vibrations.

Site 254BVG Located in Bevagna, Umbria State, Italy. This site data was collected on November 

11, 2006 at latitude N42.932, longitude E12.611. The site is located in an agricultural field several 

blocks from the walled town of Bevagna. This site is listed in the INGV catalog as a ITDPC network 

seismometer, located at the boundary of fluvial sedimentary deposits and argillaceous lacustrian 

deposits. The SASW test was measured on a dirt road immediately adjacent to the accelerometer 

structure, a masonry building. The soil profile and microtremor recording are available for the site from 

the INGV website. Generally, the soil profile at BVG consists of organic and inorganic fine-grained 

deposits to a maximum depth of 51 m, and a clean sand layer between 1.5 and 5.2 m. The location and 

seismometer information for the site, as well as the soil log, can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code BVG.

 Site 255FSMI, located in Foligno city, Umbria State, Italy. This site data was collected on 

November 12, 2006 at latitude N42.95417, longitude E12.6989. The site is located in the urban center of 

the city of Foligno near the church of Santa Maria. This site is listed in the INGV catalog as the ENEA 

seismometer station FSMI and is located at the boundary of fluvial sedimentary deposits and 

argillaceous lacustrian deposits. The SASW test was measured in a parking lot adjacent to tennis courts, 

approximately one block (100 m) northwest the recording station. A station Monograph can be found 

at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code FSMI, and includes a map showing 

the location of the station, and seismometer information for the site, as well as the surface geology and 

microtremor recording.

Site 256CSA is located in the Castelnuovo Assisi industrial park of Cannara, near Assisi. In 

Umbria State. Data for this site were collected on November 12, 2006 at latitude N43.00806°, 

E12.59052°. This industrial park is a light industry neighborhood approximately 1 km in area, converted 

from agricultural fields. The test site is 7 km southwest of the two top castle town of Assisi. The SASW 

test was located immediately adjacent to the CSA seismometer site, administered under the seismic 

network ITDPC, on recent fluvial and lake sediments of Pleistocene - Holocene age. On the INGV site 

CSA has a shear-wave velocity profile, surface geology map, and microtremor data. The INGV velocity 

profile and soil boring indicate that the upper 10 m of the site is an argillaceous lacustrian deposit, with 

an average velocity of 200 m/s. 

In the zone from 10-50 m, there are unconsolidated sand and gravel with an average velocity of 

published 600 m/s. Below 50 m, the sand and gravel deposits increase in velocity to as much as 1000 

m/s. A station Monograph can be found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station 

code CSAD, a new station placed near the location of the original station CSA, and includes a map 
12

showing the location of the station, seismometer information for the site, surface geology, borehole 

data, a shear-wave velocity profile, a geologic cross-section of the site, and a micro tremor recording.

Site 257CLF is located in an agricultural area near the city of Colfiorito, in Umbria State. The

sasw test was performed at latitude 43.03737° north, and Longitude 12.92118° east, approximately 90 m 

north east of the ENEL Seismometer station. Several detailed geologic maps are available for this site 

on the plane of Colfiorito, a Pleistocene and Holocene lakebed and low-lying marshy area that receives 

the title input from the adjacent hills. A station Monograph can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code CLF and includes a map showing the 

location of the station, photographs, seismometer information for the site, surface geology, a shear-wave 

velocity profile, and a micro tremor recording. The velocity log from the INGV site indicates a very 

low velocity deposit from the surface to 54 m depth that ranges between 126 and 200 m per second. 

Beneath the 54 m, the site enters the underlying bedrock with the published velocity of approximately 

1500 m/s. 

Site 258CLC is located in the town center of Colfiorito-Casermette, in a state of Umbria State. 

The test site was located at latitude 43.02865° north, and longitude 12.89037° East, approximately 2.5 

Kilometers west southwest of site 257CLF. The data set was recorded on November 13, 2006. A 

station Monograph for the ITDPC station can be found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, 

under station code CLC and includes a map showing the location of the seismometer station, 

photographs, surface geology, and a micro tremor recording. 

Site 259NCR is located in Nocera Umbra, in Umbria State, at latitude 43.11134° north, and 

longitude 12.78467° East, is a residential area approximately 300 m west of the town center, on a 

sloped hillside. Data this site was recorded on November 14, 2006. The INGV website has 

information for Site NCR and a second Seismometer at the same location coded NCR two, both ENEL 

administered stations. The Seismometer site is founded on colluvium composed of clay silt and sand 

lenses to a depth of 4 m, with a velocity of approximately 200 m per sec. Beneath the surface soil 

deposit, is a layered clayey silty marl to a depth of approximately 8 m, with a published velocity ranging 

from 400- 500 m/s. Below 8m is calcareous marl with the published shear-wave velocity of between 

700-950 m/s. A station Monograph can be found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under 

station code NCR and includes a map showing the location of the station, photographs, seismometer 

information for the site, surface geology, a shear-wave glossary log, and microtremor recording. No 

Monograph has been provided for station NCR2.

Site 260NCB is located in Nocera Umbra and is designated station “B” Biscontini. Data for this 

site was collected on November 14, 2006, and was located at latitude 43.10358° north, and Longitude 

12.80518° East, approximately 1.5 km southeast of the town. This site is located in a alluvium-filled 

Valley. At the time of this writing no stratigraphic information was available for this ITDPC site at the 

INGV website. Basic information about the location and Operational time-window of site NCB can be 

found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver.

Site 261NCS is located at Nocera Umbra station “S”. Data for the site was collected on November 

15, 2006 at location latitude 43.14835° north, and Longitude 12.79134° east, approximately 4 km north 

of the town. This site is at the end of a country road in a sloping stream drainage carrying alluvium from 
13

the adjacent hill slopes to the east. At the time of this writing no information was available for this site 

at the INGV website.

Site 262GBP is located in an agricultural site 4 km south of the town of Gubbio. The SASW test 

was located at latitude 43.311° north, and Longitude 12.5906° East, and collected on November 17, 

2006. The local designation for this site is Gubbio Piana soil site. A published shear-wave profile for 

the ITDPC site is available on the INGV website and indicates a thin veneer of soil with high velocity in 

the range of 500 m/s, rests upon high velocity bedrock between 1500 m/s and 2000 m/s.

Site 263GBB is a steep sloping rock site above an east of the town of Gubbio at an location called 

Park Collo. Data for this site was collected on November 17, 2006 and is located at latitude 43.35786° 

north, and longitude 12.59470° East. This site is situated on limestone and marl deposits, with no soil 

cover. The INGV website has photographs, and a surface geology map for this site in a station 

Monograph at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code GBB. The monograph 

includes a map showing the location of the station, photographs, seismometer information, and surface 

geology.

Site 264NCI(NRZI) is located in Norcia industrial park, on Via Del Lavoro, in Norcia in Umbria 

State. Data for the site was collected on November 18, 2006 and is located at latitude 42.77974° North, 

and Longitude 13.09729° East. At the time of this writing no stratigraphy information was available for 

this site at the INGV website. Basic seismometer location information can be found at

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver under station code NRZI.

Site 265NRC is located one block south of the walled town of Norcia. The data was collected on 

November 18, 2006 on Vaile Enrico Lonbrici at latitude 42.79223° north, and longitude 13.09700° East, 

approximately 220 m from ITDPC seismometer station NRC. A station Monograph can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code NRC and includes a map showing the 

location of the station, photographs, seismometer information for the site, surface geology, a shear-wave 

velocity profile, a standard penetration test log, and a micro tremor recording. The webpage for the site 

also has downloadable geotechnical data. The surface geology of the SASW test is sandy gravel fluvial 

and lake deposits. The shear-wave velocity profile from the ITACA web site has surface velocities of 

approximately 200 m/s at the surface to 665 m/s at 2 m. From 2 m to 47 m, the velocity varies between 

665 m/s and 850 m/s, with the exception of a low velocity layer between 30 and 32 m. Most of this layer 

is composed a calcareous sand and gravel. Deeper than 48 m, the velocity drops significantly to between 

240 m/s and 480 m/s in an organic rich fine-grained deposit.

Site 266NRA is located at an ENEA seismometer station site in Norcia-Altavilla, located at 

latitude 42.79556° north, and Longitude 13.08096° East. This site is located approximately 700 m west 

of the Western wall of the city of Norcia, along a roadside pullout off Vaile Umbria Road. At the time 

of this writing no stratigraphic information was available for this site at the INGV website. Basic 

seismometer location information can be found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver under 

station code NRA.

Site 267CSC is located in the town of Cascia, in Umbria State, located at 42.71875° north, and

13.012° East behind the Hotel Delle Rose, approximately 170 m from the Monastery of Santa Rita. The 

data was collected on November 20, 2006. The SASW site is located on a steep hill slope is on the 
14

western side of the town. The location and seismometer information for the ITDPC site can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code CSC, as well as a map of the surface 

geology.

Site 268CSR is located on the hill slope east of the central town of Cascia. The SASW test was 

performed at latitude 42.7178 80° north, Longitude 13.01840° East, on November 20, 2006. The ITDPC 

seismometer site is located at the ground floor level of the Petrucci Apartments, whereas the SASW test 

was performed on a 100 m straight stretch of road named Via Filippo Tagliolini, off the main road Viale 

Cavour. At the time of this writing no stratigraphic information was available for Casca-Petrucci site at 

the INGV website. The location and seismometer information for the site can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, under station code CSR.

Site 269SELW is located on the hilltop ridge in the western part of the Sellano in Umbria State. 

The SASW test was located at latitude 42.8860° north, longitude12.9220° East along Viale Guglielmo 

Marconi. A station Monograph for Sellano West can be found at 

http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver under station code SELW, and includes a map showing 

the location of the station, photographs, seismometer information for the site, surface geology, a shearwave velocity profile, a standard penetration test log, and a micro tremor recording. The webpage for 

the site also has downloadable geotechnical data. The published shear-wave velocity log for the site 

indicates that a low velocity surface layer (less than 200 m/s) in the upper 3 m rapidly gives away to an 

increasingly stiff deposit that climbs to 600 m/s or greater by 10 m. This ridge top profile probably 

represents surface soil over a weathered bedrock surface.

 Site 270MTL in the city of Matellica in the state of Marche. The site is located at latitude 

43.24841° north, Longitude 13.0079° East, and was collected on November 21, 2006. site 270 MTL 

has stratigraphic information on the INGV website. A 30 m borehole indicates that beneath a 1 m layer 

of man made-fill, is a silty sandy gravel deposit to a depth of G-8 leaders with it with thin inter-beds a 

finer grain inorganic silts and clays. Weathered bedrock was identified at 28 m. The location and 

seismometer information for the site can be found at http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/CadmoDriver, 

under station code MTL.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank is the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center 

for support of work to better characterize strong-motion recording sites shaken by significant recent 

events. The reprocessing of several sites are the result of improved site information available from the 

website of DPC-INGV, from comments and discussions with Sebastiano Foti whose interactions with 

the authors is supported within the framework of the S4 Project 2007-2009 grant of DPC-INGV.

References

Decanini, L., Mollaioli, F., Oliveto, G. (2002) Structural and seismological implications of the 1997 

seismic sequence in Umbria and Marche, Italy. Innovative approach to Earthquake 

engineering. WIT Press, 229-323.
15

Hauksson, E., P. Small, K. Hafner, R. Busby, R. Clayton, J. Goltz, T. Heaton, K. Hutton, H. 

Kanamori, J. Polet, D. Given, L. M. Jones, and D. Wald, Southern California Seismic 

Network: Caltech/USGS Element of Italian 1997-2001, Seism. Res. Lett. 72, 697-711, 2001

Hayashi, K. and Kayen, R. (2003) comparative test of three surface wave methods at Williams Street 

Park in San Jose, USA. Paper S051-009, 2003 Joint Meeting of Japan Earth and Planetary 

Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 2003 Joint Meeting, May 26-29, 2003.

International Code Council, Inc., 2002. 2003 International Building Code, Falls Church, VA.

Kayen, R (2005) The spectral analysis of surface waves measured at William 

Street Park, San Jose, California, using swept-sine harmonic waves. in Asten and Boore, eds., 

Blind comparisons of shear-wave velocities at closely-spaced sites in San Jose, California. US 

Geological Survey Open File Report 2005. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1169

Kayen, R., Carkin, B., Minasian, D., and Tinsley, J. (2005) Shear Wave Velocity of the Ground Near 

Southern California TRINET Sites Using the Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves Method 

(SASW) and Parallel-Arrayed Harmonic-Wave Sources. Open-File Report 2005-1169, 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1365

Kayen, R., Seed, R. B., Moss, R.E., Cetin, O., Tanaka, Y., and Tokimatsu, K. (2004) Global Shear 

Wave Velocity Database for Probabilistic Assessment of the Initiation of Seismic-Soil 

Liquefaction. Proceedings of the 11th Int’l. Conf. On Soil Dynamics and Earthquake 

Engineering, January 7-9, 2004, Berkeley, CA, p. 506-512.

Kayen, R., Thompson, E., Minasian, D., Moss, R.E.S., Collins, B.D., Sitar, N., Dreger, D., Carver, G. 

(2004) Geotechnical Reconnaissance of the November 3, 2002 M7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake, 

Earthquake Spectra, 20(3) p. 639-667.

Lai, C.G., and G. J. Rix (1998) Simultaneous Inversion of Rayleigh Phase Velocity and Attenuation 

for Near-Surface Site Characterization," Report No. GIT-CEE/GEO-98-2, Georgia Institute of

Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 258 pp.

Scasserra G., Stewart J.P., Kayen R., Lanzo G. (2008). "Site characterization of Italian strong motion 

recording stations,” in Proceedings of the 2008 Seismic Engineering Conference 

commemorating the 1908 Messina and Reggio Calabria Earthquake,, MERCEA’08, A. Santini 

and N. Moraci (eds), July 8-11, Reggio Calabria, Italy, Vol. 1, 338-345.S.S.N-Monitoring 

System Group - The Strong Motion Records of Umbria-Marche Sequence, (September 1997 -

June 1998). CD-ROM, 2002. 

Scasserra G., Stewart J.P., Kayen R., Lanzo G. (in press). " DATABASE FOR EARTHQUAKE 

STRONG MOTION STUDIES IN ITALY”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 

Stokoe, K. and Nazarian, S. (1985) Use of Raleigh Waves in liquefaction Studies, in, R.D. Woods, ed., 

Measurement and use of Shear Wave Velocity for Evaluating Dynamic Soil Properties. ASCE, 

N.Y., 1-17.
16

Trobiner, S. et al. (1997) Reconnaissance Report on the Umbria-Marche, Italy, Earthquakes of 1997, 

EERI Special Earthquake Report – December 1997, 12 p.
17

Appendix 1: Seismic s-wave velocity profile and dispersion data for seventeen Italian stations in 

Umbria and Marche states.
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 254BEV

NEHRP CLASS: D

Vs30 (m/s) 182

SUB-CLASS DLocation

SMR Station SMI 

State UMBRIA

Description

POSITION BEVAGNA

LAT (N) 42.9324

LON (E) 12.6111

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 11-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

254BEV

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 200 400 600 800

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

0 254BEV

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
254BEV DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

160.8 0.0

540.0 522.9 1.9 160.8 2.8

375.0 393.4 2.5 151.6 2.8

275.9 244.3 3.6 151.6 5.8

148.5 157.1 6.4 144.2 5.8

144.7 148.5 9.7 144.2 9.3

157.5 147.5 13.6 147.9 9.3

159.8 147.7 16.5 147.9 13.3

152.5 148.2 19.9 175.8 13.3

149.0 148.5 23.0 175.8 17.8

150.7 148.8 26.3 210.7 17.8

151.7 148.9 29.5 210.7 22.8

149.4 148.9 32.6 277.3 22.8

152.1 148.6 35.8 277.3 28.3

153.8 148.4 38.8 230.2 28.3

155.7 148.0 42.4 230.2 34.3

145.8 147.8 45.5 264.8 34.3

155.3 147.5 48.7 264.8 40.8

160.2 147.3 52.3 288.6 40.8

158.6 147.2 54.9 288.6 52.8

157.3 147.0 58.5 347.6 52.8

347.6 66.3

396.4 66.3

396.4 82.8

589.2 82.8

589.2 100.8

Vs30 181.8
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 255FSMI

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 380

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station FSMI 

State UMBRIA

Description CHURCH ST MARIA

POSITION FOLIGNO

LAT (N) 42.95417

LON (E) 12.69892

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 12-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

255FSMI

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

255FSMI 0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

0.0

0

5.0

0

10.

00

15.

00

20.

00

25.

00

30.

00

35.

00

40.

00

45.

00

50.

00

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)
255FSMI DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

236.4 0.0

629.4 578.0 4.1 236.4 1.7

596.1 570.8 4.9 227.4 1.7

600.2 560.7 5.8 227.4 3.5

567.8 544.6 6.7 270.9 3.5

513.4 518.0 7.6 270.9 5.6

524.7 483.1 8.4 390.6 5.6

451.7 449.6 9.3 390.6 8.0

399.6 423.6 10.2 387.4 8.0

388.0 404.8 11.0 387.4 10.7

370.8 391.1 11.9 360.2 10.7

370.8 368.0 14.1 360.2 13.7

374.0 361.4 15.0 344.3 13.7

372.8 355.0 15.9 344.3 17.0

369.3 348.6 16.8 431.9 17.0

350.0 341.8 17.6 431.9 20.6

350.9 334.3 18.5 461.4 20.6

323.0 325.9 19.3 461.4 24.5

308.0 317.4 20.2 656.7 24.5

302.0 308.5 21.1 656.7 40.0

299.1 300.0 21.9

294.0 292.5 22.8

284.1 285.8 23.7

276.0 280.1 24.6

270.7 275.3 25.4

270.7 271.2 26.3

268.9 267.6 27.1

257.7 264.6 28.0

249.4 262.0 28.9

242.1 260.2 29.8

Vs30 380.2
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 256CSA

NEHRP CLASS: D

Vs30 293 (m/s)

SUB-CLASS D+

Location

SMR Station CSAD 

State UMBRIA

Description CASTEL NUOVO ASSISI

POSITION ASSISI 

LAT (N) 43.0081

LON (E) 12.5905

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 12-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

0

20

40

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

256CSA 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
256CSA DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

192.7 0.0

486.1 475.3 5.9 192.7 2.8

360.5 367.6 6.9 215.4 2.8

303.5 306.9 8.0 215.4 5.8

273.0 279.2 9.0 236.1 5.8

257.8 265.3 10.0 236.1 9.3

252.1 258.2 10.9 236.6 9.3

257.8 253.1 12.1 236.6 13.3

253.7 250.5 13.1 319.3 13.3

246.1 249.0 14.1 319.3 17.8

246.1 248.1 15.2 349.3 17.8

246.1 247.7 16.2 349.3 22.8

246.1 247.5 17.2 510.1 22.8

246.1 247.5 18.3 510.1 28.3

232.7 247.5 19.3 545.3 28.3

255.7 247.5 20.2 545.3 34.3

251.4 247.5 21.4 578.2 34.3

251.4 247.5 22.4 578.2 40.8

251.4 247.3 23.4 565.8 40.8

251.4 246.9 24.4

251.4 246.2 25.5

251.4 245.3 26.6

246.9 243.9 27.6

252.1 242.1 28.6

240.1 239.6 29.6

235.4 236.5 30.6

231.1 232.9 31.6

229.5 228.9 32.6

231.8 224.7 33.7

228.4 220.6 34.8

224.0 217.0 35.8

218.1 213.7 36.8

211.3 210.5 37.8 Vs30 293.2
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 257CLF

NEHRP CLASS: E

Vs30 (m/s) 168

SUB-CLASS E

Reanalysis 8_2008

Location

SMR Station CLF 

State UMBRIA

Description COLFIORITO-NR.MARCHE BRDR

POSITION COLFIORITO

LAT (N) 43.03737

LON (E) 12.92118

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 11/13/200

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 100 200 300 400

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

257CLF SASW

DOWN HOLE

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)

 Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)
257CLF DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

164.8 0.0

221.6 190.0 4.5 164.8 3.9

214.7 176.5 6.6 142.9 3.9

145.3 144.7 10.9 142.9 8.1

134.2 140.1 12.5 167.2 8.1

131.6 136.7 15.2 167.2 13.0

131.2 135.5 17.9 171.1 13.0

135.6 135.3 20.6 171.1 18.6

136.4 135.5 23.3 178.4 18.6

159.0 135.8 26.2 178.4 24.9

166.7 136.2 28.7 180.6 24.9

167.5 136.6 31.4 180.6 31.9

164.9 136.9 34.1 180.1 31.9

161.1 137.1 36.8 180.1 39.6

157.4 137.2 39.3 176.3 39.6

139.4 137.2 42.1 176.3 48.0

145.2 137.1 44.8 165.4 48.0

147.6 136.8 47.5 165.4 57.1

144.0 136.5 50.2 161.7 57.1

161.5 136.1 53.0

163.8 135.6 55.6

161.9 135.2 58.3

180.5 134.8 60.7

191.6 134.3 63.7

188.7 133.8 66.4

185.7 133.4 69.1

183.8 133.0 71.8

185.1 132.7 74.5

186.4 132.3 77.2

187.2 132.0 79.9

184.1 131.7 82.6

179.1 131.4 85.3

176.6 131.2 88.0 Vs30 168.0
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 258CLC

Site Class D

Vs30 (m/s) 296

SUB-CLASS D+

Reanalysis Fall_2008

Location

SMR Station CLF 

State UMBRIA

Description COLFIORITO-CASERMETTE

POSITION COLFIORITO

LAT (N) 43.02865

LON (E) 12.89037

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 13-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

258CLC

0

10

20

30

0 100 200 300 400 500

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

258CLC

s

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
258CLC DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

202.8 0.0

319.3 310.3 8.1 202.8 1.7

281.4 287.0 12.0 188.0 1.7

278.8 273.3 15.9 188.0 3.5

258.7 263.7 18.9 292.7 3.5

253.0 242.2 23.6 292.7 5.6

228.9 222.0 27.5 304.8 5.6

205.2 209.0 31.4 304.8 8.0

188.7 201.9 35.3 269.6 8.0

184.8 197.7 39.1 269.6 10.7

198.1 195.2 43.1 303.5 10.7

199.4 193.8 46.8 303.5 13.7

191.7 192.8 50.7 312.6 13.7

191.8 192.3 54.6 312.6 17.0

194.8 191.9 58.4 323.6 17.0

199.5 191.9 62.3 323.6 20.6

338.0 20.6

338.0 24.5

356.5 24.5

356.5 30.0

Vs30 295.7
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 259NCR

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 477

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station NCR 

State UMBRIA

Description NOCERA

POSITION NOCERA

LAT (N) 43.11134

LON (E) 12.78467

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 14-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

259NCR

0

10

20

30

0 500 1000 1500

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

0 259NCR

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
259NCR DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

192.4 0.0

929.0 885.2 7.8 192.4 1.7

764.1 717.3 9.1 239.1 1.7

632.7 609.3 10.5 239.1 3.5

550.7 539.5 11.8 253.6 3.5

425.8 462.0 13.5 253.6 5.6

364.5 396.7 14.8 275.9 5.6

327.3 332.8 16.4 275.9 8.0

311.8 299.5 17.9 398.8 8.0

287.2 279.6 19.4 398.8 10.7

264.2 267.1 20.9 564.7 10.7

246.6 258.1 22.3 564.7 13.7

242.8 251.2 23.8 738.1 13.7

235.9 245.7 25.3 738.1 17.0

228.0 241.3 26.8 805.3 17.0

237.4 237.7 28.3 805.3 20.6

238.8 234.6 29.7 868.1 20.6

232.3 231.7 31.2 868.1 24.5

221.2 229.1 32.7 1309.1 24.5

218.8 226.6 34.2 1309.1 30.0

222.6 224.5 35.6

229.5 222.4 37.1

223.9 220.3 38.6

218.8 218.3 40.1

215.8 216.4 41.6

213.4 214.5 43.1

211.3 212.8 44.5

208.2 211.2 45.9

203.7 209.5 47.4

202.1 207.9 48.9

200.9 206.4 50.4

200.3 205.0 51.9

201.4 203.7 53.3 Vs30 477.4
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 260NCB

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 393

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station NCB 

State UMBRIA

Description STATION-B BISCONTIN

POSITION NOCERA UMBRA - B

LAT (N) 43.10358

LON (E) 12.80518

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 14-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

260NCB

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 500 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

260NCB

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
260NCB DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

276.1 0.0

701.9 690.3 6.5 276.1 2.2

501.5 494.0 9.8 238.3 2.2

402.6 418.2 12.3 238.3 4.6

373.7 356.2 15.2 258.5 4.6

309.1 303.6 18.0 258.5 7.4

252.5 274.3 21.1 464.2 7.4

234.1 263.7 23.4 464.2 10.6

234.2 250.7 33.3 414.0 10.6

232.6 250.1 35.6 414.0 14.2

239.2 249.7 38.5 435.6 14.2

251.3 249.7 41.5 435.6 18.2

251.9 249.8 44.3 467.6 18.2

236.0 250.1 47.3 467.6 22.6

228.8 250.4 50.3 538.3 22.6

214.5 250.7 53.1 538.3 27.4

220.6 251.1 56.0 584.7 27.4

235.1 251.4 59.0 584.7 32.6

247.1 251.7 61.8 584.7 50.0

267.1 252.0 64.8

275.7 252.2 68.0

275.0 252.4 70.6

281.0 252.5 73.6

288.4 252.6 76.7

284.3 252.7 79.3

269.8 252.7 82.3

264.1 252.6 85.3

263.2 252.5 88.1

263.4 252.3 91.1

264.7 252.1 94.0

266.9 252.1 96.8

Vs30 392.6
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 261NCS

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 585

SUB-CLASS C+

RE-ANALYSIS 2008

Location

SMR Station NCS 

State UMBRIA

Description STATION-C GRAVEL ROAD

POSITION NOCERA UMBRA - C GRAVEL RD

LAT (N) 43.14835

LON (E) 12.79134

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 15-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

0

10

20

30

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

261NCS

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 20 40 60 80 100

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
261NCS DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

280.9 0.0

731.3 704.3 14.4 280.9 1.7

664.6 643.7 18.7 324.4 1.7

615.7 588.7 22.9 324.4 3.5

571.8 537.0 26.8 497.9 3.5

477.8 483.5 31.2 497.9 5.6

468.2 444.6 34.9 474.1 5.6

377.7 347.4 48.8 474.1 8.0

333.1 330.4 53.1 633.3 8.0

316.9 319.1 57.0 633.3 10.7

312.1 309.7 61.3 684.5 10.7

302.7 302.7 65.6 684.5 13.7

296.6 297.2 69.8 675.3 13.7

295.4 292.8 74.1 675.3 17.0

294.6 289.3 78.2 689.2 17.0

288.6 286.4 82.5 689.2 20.6

285.7 283.9 86.9 733.6 20.6

280.0 281.8 91.2 733.6 24.5

278.5 280.0 95.4 851.8 24.5

279.9 278.5 99.6 851.8 30.0

277.4 277.2 103.9

280.5 276.1 108.2

278.5 275.1 112.5

278.2 274.3 116.6

279.3 273.5 121.0

278.3 272.9 125.3

284.3 272.3 129.6

285.1 271.8 133.9

281.5 271.3 138.0

277.1 270.9 142.3

275.3 270.9 145.9

Vs30 584.9
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 262GBP

NEHRP CLASS: D

Vs30 (m/s) 281

SUB-CLASS D+

Location

SMR Station GBP 

State UMBRIA

Description GUBBIO SOIL SITE PIANA

POSITION GUBBIO

LAT (N) 43.314

LON (E) 12.59

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 17-Nov-2005

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 200 400 600

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

262GBP

0 Down Hole Vs

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)

NEW Field Ave.
262GBP DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

321.6 301.7 4.7 253.7 0.0

294.8 283.6 7.1 253.7 2.8

290.2 280.5 9.6 304.9 2.8

292.1 280.6 12.3 304.9 5.8

283.3 281.3 14.6 317.8 5.8

270.8 281.8 17.7 317.8 9.3

275.3 281.9 20.3 277.1 9.3

304.9 281.5 23.0 277.1 13.3

300.6 280.9 25.6 282.5 13.3

308.8 279.9 28.3 282.5 17.8

323.9 278.1 30.9 277.8 17.8

319.2 275.1 33.5 277.8 22.8

252.0 268.0 38.9 263.8 22.8

250.3 264.8 41.5 263.8 28.3

235.1 261.8 44.2 298.2 28.3

234.4 259.2 46.8 298.2 34.3

231.9 256.8 49.4 331.0 34.3

239.6 255.0 51.8 331.0 40.8

259.5 253.1 54.7 367.0 40.8

269.5 251.6 57.3

271.4 250.2 60.1

267.9 249.1 62.7

261.8 248.1 65.3

253.9 247.3 67.9

246.8 246.6 70.6

243.5 246.0 73.2

243.5 245.5 75.8

246.0 245.0 78.6

247.8 244.7 81.3

249.3 244.3 83.9

250.7 244.0 86.5

250.3 243.8 89.1

251.4 243.6 91.8 Vs30 281.0
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 263GBB

NEHRP CLASS: B

Vs30 790 (m/s)

SUB-CLASS B+

Location

SMR Station GBB 

State UMBRIA

Description GUBBIO - PARK COLLO

POSITION GUBBIO

LAT (N) 43.35786

LON (E) 12.5947

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 17-Nov-2005

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

263GBB

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

0 263GBB

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
263GBB DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

211.3 0.0

1584.1 1551.9 12.8 211.3 1.7

1536.5 1419.2 16.2 284.6 1.7

1044.5 1046.9 19.0 284.6 3.5

753.5 756.7 22.2 730.0 3.5

761.2 633.5 25.4 730.0 5.6

707.3 563.5 28.3 981.4 5.6

675.6 506.9 31.4 981.4 8.0

520.8 458.4 34.3 1049.4 8.0

394.7 406.2 37.3 1049.4 10.7

230.2 344.6 40.6 956.4 10.7

239.2 304.0 43.7 956.4 13.7

248.3 278.4 46.8 864.6 13.7

256.5 261.6 49.9 864.6 17.0

257.9 249.9 52.9 1081.0 17.0

250.3 241.2 56.0 1081.0 20.6

232.4 234.6 59.1 1406.0 20.6

223.1 229.3 62.2 1406.0 24.5

218.9 225.7 64.8 1904.8 24.5

218.2 221.7 68.3 1904.8 30.0

220.4 218.9 71.3

222.2 216.5 74.4

223.5 214.5 77.5

224.6 212.8 80.6

225.7 211.3 83.7

227.5 210.3 86.1

242.6 202.5 149.1

216.6 202.4 151.4

200.6 202.3 154.6

194.8 202.3 157.4

191.5 202.2 160.6

190.6 202.1 163.8

190.4 202.1 166.6 Vs30 789.5
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 264NCI (NRZI)

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 525

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station NCI (NRZI) 

State UMBRIA

Description NORCIA INDUSTRIAL PARK

POSITION NORCIA

LAT (N) 42.77974

LON (E) 13.09729

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 18-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

264NCI (NRZI)

0

10

20

30

40

0 200 400 600 800

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

264NCI

(NRZI)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
264NCI (NRZI) DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

405.8 0.0

519.3 522.1 4.7 405.8 3.7

559.9 522.3 9.1 529.3 3.7

575.3 524.3 13.5 529.3 7.7

583.4 526.6 18.0 621.3 7.7

588.7 526.8 22.5 621.3 12.3

587.4 523.1 26.7 561.5 12.3

483.4 511.0 31.6 561.5 17.7

495.2 493.2 36.0 501.1 17.7

501.4 473.6 40.5 501.1 23.7

472.2 457.1 44.6 548.1 23.7

451.7 441.2 49.4 548.1 30.0

425.9 429.3 53.9 548.1 40.0

437.0 419.8 58.6

446.2 412.8 63.0

442.7 407.4 67.4

473.9 403.4 71.5

487.1 399.8 76.3

470.5 397.0 81.0

471.9 395.0 85.4

447.8 393.4 89.8

417.0 392.1 94.4

397.0 391.1 98.8

382.7 390.2 103.3

387.8 389.5 107.8

350.1 389.0 112.0

324.7 388.5 116.9

324.9 388.1 121.3

323.9 387.8 125.7

322.2 387.8 130.3

Vs30 525.1
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 265NRC

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 568

SUB-CLASS C+

Location

SMR Station NRC 

State UMBRIA

Description NORCIA SITE C-CENTRAL DIST.

POSITION NORCIA SITE C-CENTRAL DIST.

LAT (N) 42.79223

LON (E) 13.097

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 18-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 500 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

DOWN HOLE

265NRC

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)
265NRC DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

251.5 0.0

735.0 704.6 2.8 251.5 2.2

590.0 605.4 4.0 390.2 2.2

471.4 473.3 5.0 390.2 4.6

360.5 385.2 7.0 437.8 4.6

321.2 324.7 9.5 437.8 7.4

283.7 282.5 11.7 483.9 7.4

248.9 258.6 14.2 483.9 10.6

243.0 249.9 16.8 669.8 10.6

233.8 213.0 55.3 669.8 14.2

233.3 210.3 57.8 817.9 14.2

233.7 208.3 60.1 817.9 18.2

226.6 206.7 62.3 819.5 18.2

216.2 205.2 64.8 819.5 22.6

209.8 204.0 67.3 800.1 22.6

209.0 203.0 69.7 800.1 27.4

215.1 202.1 72.2 799.9 27.4

218.1 201.4 74.6 799.9 32.6

216.9 200.8 77.1 799.9 32.6

213.6 200.3 79.5

210.7 199.9 81.8

208.5 199.6 84.1

207.7 199.2 86.5

204.9 199.0 88.9

202.4 198.7 91.4

200.5 257.4 93.8

198.9 198.0 96.3

197.5 197.2 98.8

196.4 196.5 101.0

191.2 195.9 103.3

191.3 195.2 105.8

192.9 194.7 108.2

192.5 194.1 110.7 Vs30 568.3
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 266NRA

NEHRP CLASS: D

Vs30 (m/s) 218

SUB-CLASS DLocation

SMR Station NRA 

State UMBRIA

Description NORCIA TEMPORARY STATION A

POSITION NORCIA

LAT (N) 42.79556

LON (E) 13.08096

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 19-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

266NRA

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 500

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

266NRA 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

0 5 10 15 20 25

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
266NRA DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

226.2 0.0

310.0 285.5 1.8 226.2 4.4

285.6 273.1 2.6 227.8 4.4

233.8 236.2 3.9 227.8 9.2

221.1 219.7 5.0 203.3 9.2

215.2 213.1 6.2 203.3 14.8

214.1 210.5 7.4 248.0 14.8

212.4 209.3 8.6 248.0 21.2

214.4 208.9 9.8 202.3 21.2

214.7 208.8 11.0 202.3 28.4

212.4 208.7 12.2 228.8 28.4

210.0 208.7 13.4 228.8 36.4

211.1 208.7 14.6 289.9 36.4

207.9 208.6 15.9 289.9 45.2

207.8 208.5 16.9 307.7 45.2

205.5 208.4 18.2 307.7 54.8

203.8 208.4 19.5 325.5 54.8

203.0 208.3 20.7 325.5 65.2

207.7 208.3 21.9 337.4 65.2

213.8 208.3 23.0 337.4 80.0

221.2 208.3 24.3

226.2 208.3 25.5

229.1 208.3 26.7

226.8 208.3 27.9

227.8 207.5 29.1

224.2 207.5 30.3

220.6 206.7 31.5

218.2 205.9 32.7

217.0 205.2 33.9

219.2 204.4 35.1

219.9 203.7 36.3

221.8 203.0 37.5

222.6 202.3 38.7 Vs30 218.4
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 267CSC

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 540

SUB-CLASS C+

Location

SMR Station CSC 

State UMBRIA

Description CASCIA

POSITION CASCIA

LAT (N) 42.71875

LON (E) 13.012

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 20-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

267CSC

0

20

40

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

267CSC

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
267CSC DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

284.2 0.0

1774.5 1583.4 4.9 284.2 2.8

1691.7 1560.5 5.1 466.0 2.8

1564.0 1495.7 5.7 466.0 5.8

1459.2 1428.3 6.3 487.6 5.8

1364.4 1340.8 6.9 487.6 9.3

1283.4 1246.3 7.7 508.6 9.3

1172.8 1158.5 8.5 508.6 13.3

1091.5 1075.9 9.3 686.3 13.3

1011.1 1003.4 10.3 686.3 17.8

959.5 946.9 11.4 894.5 17.8

926.1 905.9 12.6 894.5 22.8

899.6 877.0 13.9 878.3 22.8

888.4 855.2 15.4 878.3 28.3

893.2 835.8 17.0 1116.4 28.3

863.4 807.7 18.8 1116.4 34.3

818.3 748.4 20.7 1436.5 34.3

736.3 655.9 23.0 1436.5 40.8

686.5 591.7 25.3

621.7 551.9 28.0

599.1 531.4 30.6

552.7 515.8 34.2

489.0 507.0 37.8

435.4 501.3 41.7

Vs30 540.0
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 268CSP

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 430

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station CSP 

State UMBRIA

Description CASCIA PETRUCCI APARTMENTS

POSITION CASCIA

LAT (N) 42.71788

LON (E) 13.0184

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 20-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

268CSP

0

10

20

30

0 500 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

268CSP 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
268CSP DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

138.2 0.0

791.0 721.2 3.7 138.2 1.7

685.2 707.3 5.2 307.0 1.7

614.6 641.9 7.3 307.0 3.5

478.4 479.6 9.4 360.6 3.5

341.0 360.6 15.3 360.6 5.6

337.8 340.0 17.2 384.1 5.6

326.6 321.8 19.6 384.1 8.0

316.3 310.1 22.2 354.5 8.0

306.9 303.6 24.6 354.5 10.7

310.0 299.3 27.1 468.4 10.7

311.4 294.8 29.5 468.4 13.7

288.8 281.0 32.0 500.9 13.7

277.0 264.7 33.6 500.9 17.0

181.3 192.5 39.9 579.3 17.0

176.4 177.7 41.9 579.3 20.6

172.1 165.2 44.3 632.1 20.6

164.8 157.1 46.7 632.1 24.5

157.0 157.1 49.2 808.6 24.5

808.6 30.0

Vs30 430.2
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 269SELW

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 503

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station SELW 

State UMBRIA

Description

POSITION SELLANO WEST

LAT (N) 42.886

LON (E) 12.922

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 21-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(B) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(C) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

269SELW

0

10

20

30

0 500 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

DOWN HOLE VS

269SLW

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
269SELW DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

220.7 0.0

598.0 554.8 16.5 220.7 2.2

590.1 540.9 20.7 373.7 2.2

579.2 511.7 25.0 373.7 4.6

465.1 459.1 28.8 466.6 4.6

374.4 404.3 32.6 466.6 7.4

370.5 351.0 37.0 634.3 7.4

341.3 311.9 41.0 634.3 10.6

296.3 282.7 44.9 593.7 10.6

222.7 259.7 49.2 593.7 14.2

237.6 245.8 53.2 620.2 14.2

254.3 237.3 56.8 620.2 18.2

250.8 230.2 61.1 611.5 18.2

241.2 225.5 65.2 611.5 22.6

239.2 222.2 69.2 589.8 22.6

235.6 219.7 73.2 589.8 27.4

230.8 217.8 77.2 595.8 27.4

227.4 216.4 81.3 595.8 32.6

229.2 215.3 85.3 595.9 32.6

226.5 214.4 89.3

226.5 213.7 93.3

229.3 213.1 97.5

221.5 212.6 101.6

223.2 212.3 105.6

223.1 212.0 109.6

216.8 211.7 113.6

212.9 211.5 117.7

211.9 211.4 121.7

210.0 211.2 125.7

206.0 211.1 129.7

206.1 211.0 133.8

202.4 211.0 137.6

187.2 210.9 141.8 Vs30 502.9
UMBRIA-MARCHE, ITALY SMR Stations

Site ID 270MTL

NEHRP CLASS: C

Vs30 (m/s) 491

SUB-CLASS CLocation

SMR Station MTL 

State MARCHE'

Description MATELICA

POSITION

LAT (N) 43.24841

LON (E) 13.0079

(A) Merged Field-LAMBDA Dispersion Curves

Data Type SWEPT-SINE SASW

Investigators KAYEN, SCASSERRA

Date collected 21-Nov-2006

TEST METHODS PARALLEL-ARRAY SOURCES;

CONTINUOUS HARMONIC

WAVE-SASW; 3D AMBIENT 

MICROTREMOR ANALYSIS

PROJECT NAME UMBRIA-MARCHE 

SMR CHARACTERIZATION (B) Merged Field-Frequency Dispersion Curves

SPONSOR PEER, UNIV OF ROME

SITE SUB CLASS: Vs30 (m/s)

A >1500 m/s

B+ 1080 < Vs30 ≤ 1500 m/s

B- 720 < Vs30 ≤ 1080 m/s

C+ 540 < Vs30 ≤ 720 m/s

C- 360 < Vs30 ≤ 540 m/s

D+ 270 < Vs30 ≤ 360 m/s

D- 180 < Vs30 ≤ 270 m/s

E <180 m/s

F Special Soil Conditions: Liquefiable soils; quick 

and high sensitivity clays; collapsible cemented soils; 

peats>3m; high (>75) PI soils thicker than 8m; 

soft/medium stiff clays thicker than 36m. 

(C) Inversion-theoretical dispersion curve 

versus averaged field dispersion curve,

(D) Shear Wave Velocity SASW

270MTL

0

10

20

30

40

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Vs (m/s)

z (m)

270MTL 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

Frequency (Hz)

Phase Velocity (m/s)

Field Ave. Velocity (m/s)

Inverted Phase Velocity (m/s)
270MTL DISPERSION DATA INVERSION PROFILE

Site Disp. Vr (m/s) Theoretical Disp. Vr (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Inversion Vs (m/s) Depth (m)

282.8 0.0

707.6 693.2 9.2 282.8 2.8

597.7 632.1 12.3 365.1 2.8

541.5 568.9 15.5 365.1 5.8

503.0 493.2 19.1 415.2 5.8

449.6 433.7 22.0 415.2 9.3

399.7 396.1 25.0 565.6 9.3

368.7 373.5 28.7 565.6 13.3

345.6 363.7 32.0 576.4 13.3

329.9 359.0 34.5 576.4 17.8

346.6 340.0 51.8 567.5 17.8

334.8 334.4 54.8 567.5 22.8

331.5 326.5 58.3 618.5 22.8

316.9 318.7 71.3 618.5 28.3

304.5 310.8 74.6 815.9 28.3

297.6 304.2 77.7 815.9 30.0

302.2 298.3 81.1

286.0 293.5 84.4

282.2 289.7 87.6

283.9 286.3 90.9

273.6 283.6 94.2

261.7 281.4 97.5

255.3 279.5 100.8

250.0 277.9 104.0

255.0 276.5 107.3

257.2 275.4 110.7

256.3 274.4 113.8

254.9 273.6 117.1

251.8 272.9 120.4

247.7 272.3 123.6

Vs30 491.0