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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-19

INDUSTRY SERIES

Concrete Work

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1771

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-19

INDUSTRY SERIES

Concrete Work

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1771

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued April 1995
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Division Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was

responsible for the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction

industries. Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief,

Construction and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L.

Hostetter, Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and

variance and estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of

C. Lloyd Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in

the management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Jr., Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Acting Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

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Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

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the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

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Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

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other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
 JOBNAME: No Job Name PAGE: 1 SESS: 33 OUTPUT: Tue Apr 4 08:18:05 1995 / pssw01/ disk2/ economic/ cc92i/ 00/ 07txtgui1

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in concrete work including portland cement and

asphalt, surfacing of concrete floors, constructing culverts

and curbs, pouring concrete foundations, construction with

gunite and stucco, and constructing private driveways and

walks of all materials. For additional examples, refer to the

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC) published by the Office of Management and Budget, Executive

Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $14.6 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $14.4 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $5.3 billion for materials, components, and supplies and $1.2 billion for construction work subcontracted

to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants

for the industry were $367 million. Value added for 1992

was $7.7 billion.

There were 26,123 establishments with total employment averaging 192,539 during the year. Total payroll for

1992 was $4.0 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 7.1 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for

46.8 percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office or other place of business where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the Introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

19–2 CONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORK 19–3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communication repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Single–family houses, detached

Single–family houses, attached,

including townhouses and

 townhouse–type condominiums

Office buildings

 Other commercial buildings such as

 stores, restaurants, and automobile

 service stations

 Industrial buildings and warehouses

Educational buildings

Hospitals and institutional buildings

Highways, streets, and related work;

 such as guard rails, highway signs,

 lighting, etc.

 Private driveways and parking areas

27.7

27.4

36.2

34.5

8.5

7.9

2.5

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.7

2.2

Apartment buildings with two or more units,

 including rentals, apartment–type

 condominiums, and cooperatives

25.2

18.7

 20.3

18.1

9.9

7.7

9.6

9.3

 9.1

9.7

4.2

8.9

3.8

3.9

2.9

5.2

2.4

1.4

 2.4

1.6

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants
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Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 26 ------------------------ 123 192 539 160 750 4 038 030 3 092 990 14 422 908 13 179 429 7 703 117 5 649 439

Alabama 279 ------------------------------------- 2 345 2 033 35 886 27 887 125 081 116 216 72 084 46 393

Alaska 43 --------------------------------------- 258 222 8 385 *7 479 *31 038 25 938 14 620 *12 039

Arizona 421 -------------------------------------- 5 472 4 547 105 657 81 055 364 087 345 660 193 148 164 747

Arkansas 197 ------------------------------------- 1 614 1 345 24 628 18 319 96 379 89 716 53 137 38 555

California 3 ------------------------------------- 017 25 854 21 565 641 284 485 989 2 222 462 1 963 081 1 191 770 780 285

Colorado 618 ------------------------------------- 5 223 4 481 104 744 81 914 374 771 351 242 200 671 154 154

Connecticut 356 ----------------------------------- 1 512 1 246 34 411 25 933 106 711 99 597 66 308 34 187

Delaware 106 ------------------------------------- 898 766 16 481 12 766 50 932 45 442 28 398 17 210

District of Columbia *12 --------------------------- (D) 166 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Florida 1 --------------------------------------- 470 10 159 8 324 185 129 137 540 624 162 570 944 357 150 221 282

Georgia 528 -------------------------------------- 5 112 4 301 96 128 73 349 349 755 314 499 193 891 125 055

Hawaii 64 --------------------------------------- 595 484 17 148 12 423 59 722 54 503 35 890 (D)

Idaho 195 ---------------------------------------- 859 769 14 688 12 271 62 073 59 096 38 683 (D)

Illinois 1 ---------------------------------------- 437 11 330 9 312 298 103 227 333 1 053 357 963 041 545 554 423 284

Indiana 616 --------------------------------------- 4 247 3 564 80 553 63 083 287 332 268 788 154 475 116 980

Iowa 381 ----------------------------------------- 2 630 2 261 59 389 44 516 218 606 205 346 116 949 97 787

Kansas 343 --------------------------------------- 2 738 2 269 51 134 37 616 173 495 164 681 89 127 77 460

Kentucky 336 ------------------------------------- 2 232 1 853 36 673 29 537 128 096 113 479 67 505 47 087

Louisiana 133 ------------------------------------- 972 785 13 175 10 283 59 287 54 232 30 774 23 552

Maine 245 ---------------------------------------- 1 162 982 21 968 17 434 83 865 79 142 47 355 31 787

Maryland 610 ------------------------------------- 6 944 5 695 132 581 97 551 484 056 438 921 239 836 199 415

Massachusetts 555 -------------------------------- 3 173 2 711 73 405 59 325 263 499 243 691 150 240 94 124

Michigan 1 ------------------------------------- 159 7 126 5 699 164 427 124 410 638 084 579 033 333 438 262 397

Minnesota 635 ------------------------------------ 3 775 3 031 88 708 66 116 327 895 303 029 174 224 135 605

Mississippi 136 ------------------------------------ 1 113 933 18 093 14 174 66 492 61 472 39 429 27 500

Missouri 744 -------------------------------------- 5 030 4 283 99 414 77 906 329 350 309 788 177 880 134 326

Montana 164 ------------------------------------- 578 512 8 710 7 568 40 825 38 454 22 067 18 754

Nebraska 178 ------------------------------------- 1 235 1 091 22 418 17 859 89 442 83 574 46 363 37 758

Nevada 192 -------------------------------------- 2 641 2 352 75 463 60 073 262 344 230 476 131 108 99 369

New Hampshire 145 ------------------------------- 603 521 12 532 10 120 43 811 42 321 26 256 16 243

New Jersey 585 ----------------------------------- 3 788 3 194 101 896 79 144 337 570 313 709 182 542 135 358

New Mexico 139 ---------------------------------- 998 835 16 505 12 850 62 044 57 881 32 309 25 572

New York 1 ------------------------------------ 332 8 127 6 579 180 763 135 632 660 760 613 897 370 589 252 567

North Carolina 680 -------------------------------- 4 625 3 824 73 077 57 117 269 990 251 611 131 924 124 048

North Dakota 93 --------------------------------- (D) 364 (D) (D) 29 353 26 276 12 586 14 154

Ohio 1 ----------------------------------------- 159 9 720 8 263 226 928 183 530 807 378 732 737 389 283 350 857

Oklahoma 215 ------------------------------------ 1 335 1 145 18 322 14 837 71 829 65 404 42 627 (D)

Oregon 361 -------------------------------------- 2 103 1 699 50 462 38 491 168 068 156 900 97 215 (D)

Pennsylvania 1 --------------------------------- 158 7 347 6 195 163 767 127 115 606 263 558 776 334 940 230 320

Rhode Island 106 --------------------------------- 434 346 9 590 7 529 31 613 27 421 15 911 (D)

South Carolina 294 -------------------------------- 2 203 1 889 32 902 25 015 119 740 110 839 61 304 53 043

South Dakota 102 --------------------------------- 506 445 7 666 6 617 29 841 29 011 16 915 12 143

Tennessee 386 ----------------------------------- 2 758 2 240 47 607 33 155 189 476 168 313 99 502 68 982

Texas 1 ---------------------------------------- 420 13 725 11 644 208 667 154 515 815 285 724 629 393 851 332 104

Utah 246 ----------------------------------------- 1 423 1 170 24 991 19 985 89 697 85 658 49 912 36 891

Vermont 131 -------------------------------------- 413 349 7 985 6 485 27 793 26 920 15 877 12 442

Virginia 661 --------------------------------------- 5 490 4 609 105 792 79 460 345 643 321 344 197 935 128 341

Washington 826 ----------------------------------- 3 793 3 138 82 764 63 986 265 293 247 618 154 718 96 834

West Virginia 123 --------------------------------- 703 544 11 160 8 565 48 485 42 862 30 152 14 165

Wisconsin 719 ------------------------------------ 4 614 3 807 106 456 80 775 383 970 363 352 211 449 158 742

Wyoming 73 ------------------------------------- 412 367 7 290 6 404 (D) (D) (D) 12 198

19–4nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

1 243 479 8 806 421 312 771 330 208 3 234 505 218 194 15 055 670 8 443 003 1 1 3 U.S.

8 866 70 923 2 042 2 432 32 845 2 275 117 493 69 076 9 8 17 AL

*5 100 *23 649 871 835 7 461 264 21 222 12 340 23 38 14 AK

18 427 288 545 8 728 5 886 61 336 6 984 449 490 236 607 5 4 13 AZ

6 663 30 618 3 330 4 589 37 193 1 255 61 421 29 399 10 10 24 AR

259 381 1 568 896 50 313 26 569 345 119 33 363 2 781 887 1 518 217 2 2 8 CA

23 529 214 405 4 747 8 870 70 345 4 116 216 616 133 900 5 5 14 CO

7 115 53 691 2 425 2 582 35 576 2 970 234 193 148 811 8 7 39 CT

5 491 34 201 2 114 969 9 302 931 80 113 41 206 8 7 24 DE

(D) 1 962 (D) (D) (D) 80 *6 827 2 828 (D) (D) – DC

53 218 427 944 13 837 13 853 132 667 15 711 784 294 455 722 4 4 15 FL

35 256 231 098 7 067 15 068 104 959 5 805 349 706 195 278 4 5 25 GA

*5 219 43 440 1 075 2 013 13 223 192 15 599 8 476 9 9 35 HI

(S) 25 895 (S) 1 478 11 059 385 22 063 12 178 13 14 37 ID

90 316 625 068 20 563 30 013 241 224 12 599 1 118 152 610 875 3 3 10 IL

18 544 168 577 3 456 7 264 76 682 3 715 233 190 131 763 5 3 18 IN

13 260 124 173 4 916 9 015 62 674 2 319 159 876 84 333 6 4 12 IA

8 814 99 950 5 712 5 602 49 148 2 386 174 651 101 367 7 7 19 KS

14 617 56 711 4 083 2 539 27 533 2 467 122 351 68 648 6 6 17 KY

5 055 24 281 1 236 1 652 *10 954 930 50 788 27 000 9 13 35 LA

4 724 26 472 741 2 374 33 740 1 086 65 415 35 026 9 9 19 ME

45 135 382 232 15 723 7 939 129 379 8 417 533 499 293 854 3 3 12 MD

19 809 177 484 6 288 4 772 72 157 4 442 320 081 197 318 5 5 13 MA

59 051 338 297 11 748 14 949 164 034 6 748 582 253 332 759 3 3 10 MI

24 866 208 936 6 883 12 373 91 723 4 135 339 958 200 254 5 5 12 MN

5 020 21 360 1 184 1 588 15 091 832 28 282 16 829 14 14 30 MS

19 561 196 189 5 646 10 053 86 948 6 306 400 481 233 113 5 4 16 MO

2 371 19 451 665 1 581 8 514 188 8 167 4 955 15 12 39 MT

5 867 44 383 1 341 2 569 21 366 1 427 66 191 35 031 11 9 21 NE

31 868 197 010 9 462 5 450 41 223 1 186 94 123 55 118 4 4 7 NV

1 490 27 607 790 969 12 115 1 485 90 859 52 940 11 13 24 NH

23 861 185 110 7 236 6 867 84 518 6 635 528 415 299 478 4 4 21 NJ

4 163 48 227 1 171 2 135 15 151 1 339 74 546 41 571 11 8 26 NM

46 863 291 023 11 738 8 251 151 390 10 998 952 856 556 442 7 3 14 NY

18 380 173 247 4 634 8 413 91 107 4 631 247 456 137 446 6 5 20 NC

3 078 14 909 (S) 1 039 (D) 272 11 407 6 402 (D) 12 31 ND

74 641 479 412 12 164 19 113 146 325 10 094 732 113 402 440 2 2 10 OH

6 425 41 233 1 371 *1 487 15 012 1 169 52 610 31 456 10 9 45 OK

11 168 121 361 4 166 4 313 51 604 1 508 86 577 54 399 7 6 15 OR

47 487 342 290 14 352 12 889 156 397 7 878 538 348 302 757 3 3 10 PA

4 191 15 231 1 131 1 083 13 156 716 49 511 34 543 7 6 5 RI

8 901 66 898 2 143 4 057 55 860 2 201 95 921 54 817 9 8 14 SC

830 19 614 *377 *4 154 *13 241 642 40 870 18 813 17 19 57 SD

21 164 87 563 2 938 4 628 46 653 2 285 138 877 70 049 8 6 27 TN

90 656 486 319 22 581 13 052 106 058 15 107 836 458 428 244 3 4 9 TX

4 039 39 465 *2 833 2 381 15 026 1 479 78 415 48 728 11 11 18 UT

873 15 444 830 887 8 486 479 33 392 16 126 12 13 31 VT

24 298 248 294 11 986 6 111 74 363 7 870 492 301 269 927 4 3 17 VA

17 676 179 057 6 545 7 527 50 219 3 348 224 176 142 499 5 4 17 WA

5 622 (S) (D) 815 10 304 634 42 104 22 503 14 10 32 WV

20 618 175 412 4 718 14 361 106 831 3 662 257 993 151 330 4 4 17 WI

(D) 11 969 313 (D) 3 705 224 12 062 7 794 7 (D) 22 WY

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–5
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Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 26 -------------------------------------------------- 123 23 422 19 986 16 974 1 1 1 2

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 399 7 166 8 708 11 616 2 3 2 3

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192 539 218 194 157 241 118 116 1 1 1 1

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 140 154 271 106 893 83 052 1 1 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 170 607 196 024 143 276 114 935 1 1 1 1

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181 828 209 991 155 141 121 509 1 1 1 1

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162 426 187 138 136 673 108 448 1 1 1 1

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 750 186 840 137 832 107 085 1 1 1 1

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 890 31 120 19 135 10 011 1 1 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 214 31 639 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 278 31 665 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 774 30 979 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 789 31 353 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 038 030 4 174 568 2 309 814 1 209 879 1 1 1 1

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 092 990 3 278 057 1 901 567 1 042 622 1 1 1 1

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 945 040 896 511 408 247 167 257 1 1 1 1

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 744 645 802 111 418 475 208 082 1 1 1 1

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 956 198 928 542 424 267 242 954 1 1 1 1

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 659 814 655 522 328 610 141 330 1 1 1 1

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 296 384 273 019 95 657 101 624 1 1 1 1

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 596 035 15 212 049 8 376 774 4 151 856 1 1 1 1

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 422 908 15 055 670 8 207 000 4 097 293 1 1 1 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 8 ---------------------------------------- 806 421 9 045 744 4 525 480 2 712 237 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 173 128 156 378 169 774 54 564 4 3 1 4

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 13 179 429 13 853 510 7 447 221 3 862 143 1 1 1 1

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 703 117 8 443 003 4 491 568 2 227 880 1 1 1 1

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 892 918 6 769 045 3 885 206 1 923 977 1 1 1 1

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 5 282 130 5 242 978 2 878 175 1 595 677 1 1 1 1

Construction work subcontracted out to others 1 --------------------------------------------------- 243 479 1 202 160 759 779 235 150 2 1 1 1

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 367 309 323 906 247 251 93 150 1 1 1 1

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 817 28 072 22 030 6 614 2 2 1 2

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 14 607 10 223 11 120 3 613 3 3 2 2

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 291 651 263 008 198 489 74 480 1 1 1 1

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 231 752 215 662 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 899 47 345 (NA) (NA) 2 2 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 24 ---------------------------------------------------- 234 22 602 15 610 8 445 3 2 3 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 312 ------------------------------------------------ 771 346 382 170 175 65 864 2 2 1 2 For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 225 865 277 328 143 619 56 651 3 2 1 2 For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 86 906 69 054 26 556 9 213 3 3 2 2

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 397 194 332 871 200 254 104 935 2 1 1 9 Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 450 65 724 36 076 32 193 2 2 2 29 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 15 243 14 478 7 285 3 380 5 4 4 3 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 281 500 252 667 156 892 69 362 2 2 1 2

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 422 908 15 055 670 8 207 000 4 097 293 1 1 1 1 Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 738 443 2 265 359 1 965 071 373 780 2 2 2 2 Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 511 794 467 051 (NA) (NA) 4 3 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 226 649 1 798 308 (NA) (NA) 2 2 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 684 465 12 790 310 6 241 929 3 723 513 1 1 1 1

19–6nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 3 -------------------------------------------- 058 345 2 258 782 2 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 330 208 366 126 3 2 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233 671 285 927 3 2 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 537 80 199 5 4 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 154 ------------------------------------------------- 048 108 316 6 6

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 3 ------------------------------------------------- 234 505 2 516 592 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 363 320 335 624 2 2

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 276 -------------------------------------------- 592 319 574 5 4

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 17 920 32 314 9 6

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 11 330 22 751 10 8

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 6 590 9 563 16 10

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets------------------------------------------------- 6 743 11 234 25 13

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 287 ------------------------------------------------- 770 340 653 5 4

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 275 29 804 6 6

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 2 -------------------------------------------- 781 753 1 939 208 2 2

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 312 288 333 812 3 2

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 222 --------------------------------- 341 263 176 3 2

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 82 -------------------------------- 765 126 544 4 3

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 89 -------------------------------- 947 70 635 5 4

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 147 ------------------------------------------------- 305 97 081 6 6

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 2 ------------------------------------------------- 946 736 2 175 938 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 340 044 305 820 2 2

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 123 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 422 908 1

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 830 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 260 897 1

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 77 863 4

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 80 605 4

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 287 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 848 882 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 006 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 313 129 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–7
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Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 26 --------------------------- 123 14 812 6 322 3 146 1 442 305 85 8 2 2

All employees** 192 ------------------------------------ 539 31 086 39 836 40 861 42 108 20 702 11 633 2 681 3 633 (D)

Payroll, all employees 4 ------------------------------- 038 030 469 164 711 839 843 906 1 031 189 542 893 303 601 73 143 62 295 (D)

Dollar value of business done 14 ------------------------ 596 035 2 293 932 2 606 427 2 869 857 3 393 738 1 843 374 1 118 628 225 391 244 688 (D)

Value of construction work 14 --------------------------- 422 908 2 275 555 2 587 058 2 836 436 3 344 431 1 812 368 1 104 161 218 211 244 688 (D)

Net value of construction work† 13 ---------------------- 179 429 2 105 418 2 424 597 2 626 711 3 040 170 1 622 531 961 246 398 755 (D) (D)

Value added†† 7 -------------------------------------- 703 117 1 179 615 1 389 562 1 549 340 1 781 992 964 740 606 141 141 972 89 755 (D)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 5 ----- 649 439 944 180 1 054 405 1 110 792 1 307 485 688 797 369 572 174 208 (D) (D)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 1 -- 243 479 170 137 162 460 209 725 304 261 189 837 142 915 64 144 (D) (D)

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 312 ---- 771 53 031 52 914 56 273 78 749 41 222 23 865 2 605 4 112 (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 330 ------------------ 208 58 114 63 156 67 410 82 499 33 044 17 973 8 012 (D) (D)

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 3 ---- 234 505 533 570 614 428 651 659 798 531 340 893 219 991 50 610 24 823 (D)

1987

All employees** 218 ------------------------------------ 194 (S) 38 833 44 969 47 630 25 437 21 396 6 032 6 742 (D)

Value of construction work 15 --------------------------- 055 670 (S) 2 278 812 2 849 297 3 549 510 2 099 879 1 735 326 879 760 (D) (D)

Value added†† 8 -------------------------------------- 443 003 (S) 1 266 297 1 647 163 1 970 800 1 163 867 944 376 265 008 246 405 (D)

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 ------------------------------------ 2 3 3 2 3 (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Net value of construction work† 1 ---------------------- 3 3 2 1 1 (Z) (Z) (D) (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 3 ------------------ 7 9 6 4 1 (Z) (Z) (D) (D)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 26 ------------------ 123 (S) (S) (S) 7 756 5 505 3 292 2 033 612 240 113 All employees** 192 --------------------------- 539 (S) (S) (S) 25 922 31 955 32 563 37 615 22 765 14 907 16 848 Payroll, all employees 4 ---------------------- 038 030 (S) (S) (S) 333 662 552 156 628 598 892 114 599 286 448 379 499 968 Dollar value of business done 14 --------------- 596 035 (S) (S) (S) 1 251 206 1 932 902 2 272 929 3 048 669 2 080 003 1 610 642 2 056 686 Value of construction work 14 ------------------ 422 908 (S) (S) (S) 1 242 535 1 924 347 2 247 544 3 010 657 2 056 758 1 582 523 2 017 919 Net value of construction work† 13 ------------- 179 429 (S) (S) (S) 1 177 248 1 834 783 2 117 929 2 758 421 1 854 544 1 409 081 1 701 753

Value added†† 7 ----------------------------- 703 117 (S) (S) (S) 690 819 1 061 197 1 214 436 1 629 570 1 068 219 813 809 1 032 989 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 5 ------------------------------------- 649 439 (S) (S) (S) 495 100 782 141 928 878 1 166 863 809 570 623 391 707 531 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 1 --------------------------------- 243 479 (S) (S) (S) 65 288 89 564 129 615 252 237 202 214 173 441 316 166 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 312 --------------------------------- 771 (S) (S) (S) 28 326 42 119 48 447 63 961 39 799 35 031 48 342 Capital expenditures, other than land 330 --------- 208 (S) (S) (S) 28 692 47 737 62 115 73 214 43 882 37 658 29 895 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 3 ----------------------------------- 234 505 (S) (S) (S) 272 864 449 055 544 254 696 513 476 770 351 255 364 543

1987

All employees** 218 --------------------------- 194 (S) (S) (S) 27 190 32 021 32 607 39 960 26 647 19 366 28 137

Value of construction work 15 ------------------ 055 670 (S) (S) (S) 1 143 151 1 586 537 2 071 544 2 980 374 2 320 521 1 687 235 2 938 966

Value added†† 8 ----------------------------- 443 003 (S) (S) (S) 676 714 926 305 1 157 218 1 685 131 1 296 324 932 277 1 568 897

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 --------------------------- (S) (S) (S) 3 3 3 2 1 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† 1 ------------- (S) (S) (S) 3 3 3 2 1 1 (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 3 --------- (S) (S) (S) 8 8 8 7 3 1 (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

19–8nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 14 -------------------------------------------- 422 908 9 974 526 2 246 007 2 080 518 1 1 1 2

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 9 002 047 6 947 107 1 162 945 891 995 1 1 2 3

Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 4 173 892 3 447 963 381 710 344 219 1 2 3 4

Single-family houses, detached 3 ---------------------------------------------- 629 974 2 991 622 338 597 299 754 2 2 4 4

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 543 918 456 341 43 113 44 465 4 4 10 12

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 412 ---------------------------------------------- 200 297 136 37 408 77 655 4 4 8 9

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 87 ------------- 477 65 929 10 887 10 660 7 8 9 16

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 606 308 463 606 92 594 50 108 2 2 5 6

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 420 884 1 087 747 193 490 139 647 2 2 3 6

Industrial buildings and warehouses 1 -------------------------------------------- 316 171 894 142 233 985 188 044 2 2 4 4

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 941 792 592 348 196 736 152 707 3 3 4 5

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 374 380 301 794 37 249 35 337 3 3 7 9

Religious buildings------------------------------------------------------------ 106 632 71 711 21 467 13 454 4 5 6 6

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 343 404 255 513 61 683 26 208 3 2 5 8

Hospitals and institutional buildings 349 --------------------------------------------- 586 229 295 100 567 19 724 2 2 4 6

Farm buildings, nonresidential 82 -------------------------------------------------- 868 59 298 13 138 10 432 8 8 19 23

Other nonresidential buildings 102 -------------------------------------------------- 626 74 767 16 015 11 845 7 7 10 28

Nonbuilding construction 5 -------------------------------------------------------- 299 003 3 027 419 1 083 061 1 188 522 1 1 2 3

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 1 378 784 795 568 311 080 272 137 2 3 3 4

Outdoor swimming pools 114 ------------------------------------------------------ 152 94 437 12 732 6 983 10 11 20 19

Private driveways and parking areas 2 -------------------------------------------- 930 267 1 574 690 596 987 758 590 2 2 3 4

Recreational facilities --------------------------------------------------------- 120 799 69 755 30 281 20 763 8 10 7 15

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 164 ---------------------------------------- 771 110 333 33 876 20 562 5 6 3 12

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 84 -------------------------------------- 785 60 832 15 461 8 492 6 7 5 11

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. 92 -------------------- 834 48 639 13 170 31 025 5 7 13 3

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 116 ----------------------------------- 300 80 221 24 221 11 859 3 3 3 12

Other nonbuilding construction 296 ------------------------------------------------- 310 192 945 45 254 58 111 4 3 11 10

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 121 858 (NA) (NA) (NA) 8 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 15 -------------------------------------------- 055 670 11 376 824 1 586 290 1 442 529 1 1 2 2

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 9 318 387 7 906 164 814 656 597 567 1 1 2 3 Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 3 402 452 2 963 395 259 197 179 860 1 2 5 5

Single-family houses, detached 2 ---------------------------------------------- 820 963 2 437 056 231 851 152 055 2 2 5 5

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 581 489 526 338 27 345 27 804 3 3 6 7

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 779 ---------------------------------------------- 680 696 792 32 837 50 050 3 4 4 7

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 446 ------------- 670 397 637 28 296 20 735 2 2 7 10

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 241 -------------------------------------------- 110 220 360 13 086 7 662 3 3 7 10

Other residential buildings 205 --------------------------------------------------- 560 177 276 15 210 13 073 3 3 12 14

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 1 340 326 1 206 300 81 088 52 938 2 2 4 4

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 159 451 954 890 127 518 77 042 2 2 4 6

Industrial buildings and warehouses 1 -------------------------------------------- 458 714 1 174 108 147 931 136 674 2 2 4 4

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 982 416 768 880 103 408 110 127 2 2 5 5

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 476 297 405 227 44 523 26 546 3 3 7 11

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 210 194 149 094 43 592 17 507 4 5 6 7

Hospitals and institutional buildings 241 --------------------------------------------- 398 167 485 59 646 14 266 2 2 3 9

Other nonresidential buildings 279 -------------------------------------------------- 502 196 463 34 551 48 495 5 5 14 11

Nonbuilding construction 5 -------------------------------------------------------- 087 257 3 470 661 771 634 844 961 1 1 2 2

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 1 399 526 965 779 233 300 200 447 2 2 3 3

Outdoor swimming pools 150 ------------------------------------------------------ 170 126 598 10 494 13 077 7 7 11 9

Private driveways and parking areas 2 -------------------------------------------- 729 423 1 785 741 435 681 508 001 2 2 3 3

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 102 -------------------------------------- 224 80 944 9 704 11 575 8 8 16 14

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 98 ----------------------------------- 400 70 823 10 416 17 159 15 19 10 24

Other nonbuilding construction 607 ------------------------------------------------- 514 440 776 72 039 94 702 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 650 026 (NA) (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–9
TIPS [UPF] BATCH_965 [CENOP,C_STONE] CENOP 4/ 6/ 95 2:53 PM MACHINE: EPCV22 DATA:C_ST_T1.DAT;2 4/ 6/ 95 14:50:00 TAPE: NOreel FRAME: 7

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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 26 -------------------------------- 123 192 539 4 038 030 14 422 908 9 268 860 13 179 429 7 703 117 1 243 479 1 1 2

Establishments not specializing by type 4 ---------------------- 359 48 182 1 100 808 3 641 387 (NA) 3 301 973 2 014 800 339 414 2 1 2

Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 21 --------------- 764 144 358 2 937 223 10 781 521 9 268 860 9 877 456 5 688 317 904 065 1 1 2

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, DETACHED

All establishments specializing in type 9 ------------- 471 53 216 960 341 3 488 214 3 046 380 3 310 094 1 832 104 178 120 2 2 4

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 4 -------------------------------- 593 21 326 363 792 1 328 218 1 328 218 1 262 906 695 052 65 311 3 3 8

90 to 99 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- 660 11 021 213 587 784 020 727 045 739 157 390 864 44 863 5 5 13

80 to 89 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- 203 8 042 135 980 515 540 425 242 488 493 268 858 27 048 7 5 6

70 to 79 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- 053 5 894 104 956 381 203 278 882 366 759 208 610 14 444 6 5 10

60 to 69 percent specialization 709 ---------------------------- 5 229 106 314 349 259 216 912 331 240 200 730 18 019 6 5 6

51 to 59 percent specialization 253 ---------------------------- 1 703 35 711 129 975 70 082 121 540 67 990 8 435 12 10 13

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, ATTACHED, INCLUDING

TOWNHOUSES AND TOWNHOUSE-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS

All establishments specializing in type 694 ------------- 4 571 84 265 299 300 256 719 278 573 154 420 20 727 8 7 18

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 336 -------------------------------- 2 117 38 139 134 459 134 459 122 257 73 991 12 201 12 11 30

90 to 99 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 662 11 895 41 012 38 344 38 937 18 694 (S) 17 15 (S)

80 to 89 percent specialization 56 ---------------------------- 439 8 291 32 364 26 667 31 223 13 908 1 141 20 20 32

70 to 79 percent specialization 67 ---------------------------- 311 6 052 26 313 19 285 25 019 13 874 1 294 27 32 27

60 to 69 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 637 11 886 40 815 25 141 38 144 21 218 2 671 20 15 13

51 to 59 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 405 8 001 24 337 12 823 22 994 12 734 1 344 24 18 19

APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH TWO OR MORE

UNITS, INCLUDING RENTALS, APARTMENT-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS, AND COOPERATIVES

All establishments specializing in type 273 ------------- 2 616 59 619 197 266 161 395 174 540 108 467 22 727 9 8 14

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 86 -------------------------------- 702 20 541 64 837 64 837 57 684 35 228 7 152 13 9 4 90 to 99 percent specialization 22 ---------------------------- 432 9 702 24 823 22 521 22 603 18 437 2 220 18 19 24 80 to 89 percent specialization 45 ---------------------------- 288 5 891 20 702 17 430 18 668 8 629 *2 034 28 31 47 70 to 79 percent specialization 73 ---------------------------- 554 10 449 37 866 27 808 34 997 22 018 2 869 25 22 39 60 to 69 percent specialization 36 ---------------------------- 308 5 727 28 297 17 715 22 802 12 974 *5 495 29 31 51 51 to 59 percent specialization 11 ---------------------------- 333 7 309 20 741 11 082 17 786 11 180 2 955 13 13 9

OFFICE BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 240 ------------- 2 469 66 105 219 482 168 549 193 339 115 961 26 143 7 4 3

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization (S) -------------------------------- 671 14 848 49 692 49 692 44 156 28 326 5 536 17 9 7

90 to 99 percent specialization *17 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) *267 (D) (D) 65

80 to 89 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 483 11 163 29 145 23 743 (D) 18 943 (D) 19 13 (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization 22 ---------------------------- 513 18 492 60 196 43 426 53 454 35 056 6 742 7 7 9

60 to 69 percent specialization 35 ---------------------------- 575 17 009 68 165 41 806 (D) 26 189 (D) 10 6 (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

OTHER COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS SUCH AS

STORES, RESTAURANTS, AND AUTOMOBILE

SERVICE STATIONS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 294 11 818 247 482 895 564 742 152 803 054 476 022 92 510 4 4 5

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 498 -------------------------------- 4 240 87 778 336 334 336 334 297 584 180 941 38 750 7 6 9 90 to 99 percent specialization 181 ---------------------------- 1 668 35 420 128 081 118 305 119 362 68 413 8 719 10 11 21 80 to 89 percent specialization 144 ---------------------------- 1 549 30 602 107 467 87 375 95 436 48 970 12 032 11 10 15 70 to 79 percent specialization 182 ---------------------------- 1 499 27 968 96 426 69 793 88 303 50 666 8 123 15 14 22 60 to 69 percent specialization 209 ---------------------------- 1 639 33 640 108 197 66 795 95 421 52 696 12 776 12 9 12 51 to 59 percent specialization 81 ---------------------------- 1 223 32 075 119 059 63 550 106 948 74 336 12 111 11 7 5

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 705 ------------- 7 482 172 240 566 302 456 419 475 054 308 531 91 248 5 5 7

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 261 -------------------------------- 2 509 58 333 183 385 183 385 155 732 101 356 27 652 8 8 16

90 to 99 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- (S) 16 764 49 865 46 064 40 558 31 504 (S) (S) 10 (S)

80 to 89 percent specialization 45 ---------------------------- 605 15 713 53 596 44 084 39 791 23 989 13 806 15 10 6

70 to 79 percent specialization 130 ---------------------------- 1 346 32 896 121 248 89 060 102 708 64 361 18 541 13 13 22

60 to 69 percent specialization 126 ---------------------------- 1 380 32 078 98 591 61 753 88 529 56 918 10 062 12 14 18

51 to 59 percent specialization 67 ---------------------------- 702 16 456 59 618 32 073 47 736 30 402 11 881 12 7 3

WAREHOUSES

All establishments specializing in type 168 ------------- 1 822 40 935 131 290 104 482 121 290 66 827 10 000 9 6 14

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 74 -------------------------------- 632 12 165 36 290 36 290 35 540 24 629 750 18 10 26

90 to 99 percent specialization 23 ---------------------------- 207 6 205 20 422 18 451 18 477 5 157 1 945 25 14 15

80 to 89 percent specialization 32 ---------------------------- 263 4 843 17 668 14 851 15 471 9 539 2 197 24 16 22 70 to 79 percent specialization *18 ---------------------------- 224 2 925 9 353 6 679 8 017 4 215 *1 336 36 35 64 60 to 69 percent specialization 15 ---------------------------- 249 6 278 22 553 14 513 20 257 11 185 *2 296 20 23 42 51 to 59 percent specialization 7 ---------------------------- 248 8 520 25 004 13 698 23 529 12 103 1 475 (Z) (Z) (Z)

19–10nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992mCon.

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 134 ------------- 1 681 44 814 112 995 85 599 101 102 70 910 11 893 8 7 13

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization *17 -------------------------------- 435 13 566 26 436 26 436 24 961 19 973 1 475 9 1 (Z)

90 to 99 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 82 1 509 2 516 2 282 (D) (S) (D) 9 7 (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 31 ---------------------------- 302 6 310 23 179 18 662 17 991 15 893 5 188 24 27 30 70 to 79 percent specialization 12 ---------------------------- 295 6 837 18 508 13 295 17 100 10 780 1 409 30 15 26 60 to 69 percent specialization 45 ---------------------------- 391 10 865 27 354 16 632 24 814 14 684 2 540 8 10 4 51 to 59 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 177 5 726 15 002 8 292 (D) 8 079 (D) 31 13 (D)

HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 90 ------------- 1 331 38 243 108 101 92 718 91 682 55 160 16 419 7 4 4

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization *26 -------------------------------- 304 10 376 38 980 38 980 (D) 16 777 (D) 7 5 (D)

90 to 99 percent specialization *7 ---------------------------- 125 3 316 (D) (D) (D) 4 580 (D) 20 (D) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization *15 ---------------------------- 401 11 581 30 519 24 985 27 098 14 831 3 421 15 5 4 70 to 79 percent specialization 29 ---------------------------- 236 7 132 16 987 12 464 14 690 9 631 2 297 17 15 25 60 to 69 percent specialization *13 ---------------------------- 266 5 838 (D) (D) 12 249 9 341 (D) 20 (D) (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– ––––

HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND RELATED WORK

SUCH AS INSTALLATION OF GUARD RAILS,

HIGHWAY SIGNS, LIGHTING, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 179 10 380 239 859 844 328 762 454 783 157 442 236 61 171 4 3 6

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 695 -------------------------------- 5 621 121 066 420 118 420 118 392 689 223 469 27 429 7 6 11

90 to 99 percent specialization 231 ---------------------------- 1 571 36 691 139 511 130 078 127 512 71 201 11 999 11 10 14

80 to 89 percent specialization 94 ---------------------------- 1 467 36 800 125 445 103 527 118 512 62 055 6 933 7 5 5

70 to 79 percent specialization 80 ---------------------------- 900 23 119 89 058 65 249 81 003 47 318 8 055 10 8 6

60 to 69 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 593 16 892 52 617 33 745 47 748 28 524 4 869 12 8 2

51 to 59 percent specialization 11 ---------------------------- 228 5 292 17 579 9 737 15 693 9 668 1 886 25 18 13

OUTDOOR SWIMMING POOLS

All establishments specializing in type 158 ------------- 1 374 29 799 95 510 91 587 94 539 54 130 971 13 12 20

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 123 -------------------------------- 1 072 22 924 70 095 70 095 69 420 40 754 675 15 15 29 90 to 99 percent specialization *29 ---------------------------- 217 5 128 16 840 15 535 (D) 9 671 (D) 29 26 (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization *4 ---------------------------- (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) *685 – (S) (S) –

70 to 79 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– –––– 60 to 69 percent specialization *3 ---------------------------- *54 1 097 *5 485 *3 485 (D) *3 020 (D) 56 46 (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– ––––

PRIVATE DRIVEWAYS AND PARKING AREAS

All establishments specializing in type 5 ------------- 785 36 099 750 751 3 039 189 2 613 127 2 762 478 1 587 717 276 711 2 2 5

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 4 -------------------------------- 045 20 258 376 459 1 522 649 1 522 649 1 392 313 795 883 130 336 3 3 11 90 to 99 percent specialization 520 ---------------------------- 3 572 76 331 295 782 275 433 274 160 156 143 21 622 7 7 12 80 to 89 percent specialization 343 ---------------------------- 2 543 56 023 252 740 209 056 229 666 132 589 23 074 7 7 16 70 to 79 percent specialization 322 ---------------------------- 3 098 74 871 273 536 200 407 241 739 131 045 31 797 8 6 4 60 to 69 percent specialization 389 ---------------------------- 4 120 98 444 395 651 245 371 363 788 206 889 31 863 5 4 4 51 to 59 percent specialization 165 ---------------------------- 2 509 68 623 298 831 160 212 260 813 165 169 38 018 6 4 3

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

All establishments specializing in type 199 ------------- 1 173 24 721 103 422 93 601 89 636 50 865 13 786 11 9 8

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 135 -------------------------------- 664 13 215 52 705 52 705 46 527 25 814 6 179 14 13 8

90 to 99 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 235 5 555 25 308 23 126 22 365 12 614 2 943 25 16 9 80 to 89 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *18 ---------------------------- *175 3 569 15 799 11 399 12 995 6 123 2 804 40 35 33 60 to 69 percent specialization – ---------------------------- –––––– –––– 51 to 59 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

BLAST FURNACES, PETROLEUM REFINERIES,

CHEMICAL COMPLEXES, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 35 ------------- 961 24 965 91 824 76 218 78 696 50 652 13 128 9 6 9

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 10 -------------------------------- 334 8 523 35 033 35 033 31 304 16 123 3 729 6 6 18

90 to 99 percent specialization 1 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 9 ---------------------------- 165 5 544 23 151 18 959 (D) 14 928 (D) 21 8 (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *9 ---------------------------- 302 5 330 15 484 11 457 14 316 11 037 1 168 23 16 35

60 to 69 percent specialization 2 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization *4 ---------------------------- (D) (D) (D) (D) *6 457 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–11
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Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 26 ----------- 123 160 750 128 140 170 607 181 828 162 426 1 1 1 1 1 1

Alabama 279 ------------------------ 2 033 1 798 2 207 2 209 1 916 9 9 8 9 9 11 Alaska 43 -------------------------- 222 (D) 243 324 (D) 20 26 (D) 25 24 (D) Arizona 421 ------------------------- 4 547 4 251 4 618 4 867 4 454 6 5 5 5 5 5 Arkansas 197 ----------------------- 1 345 1 198 1 365 1 433 1 383 8 10 11 10 10 11 California 3 ----------------------- 017 21 565 20 371 22 467 22 642 20 780 2 2 2 2 2 2

Colorado 618 ------------------------ 4 481 3 474 4 659 5 211 4 580 5 5 5 5 5 6 Connecticut 356 --------------------- 1 246 660 1 246 1 607 1 470 6 7 10 7 8 10 Delaware 106 ----------------------- 766 642 792 883 747 11 9 11 9 9 10 District of Columbia *12 -------------- 166 (D) 157 174 (D) 45 7 (D) 7 6 (D) Florida 1 -------------------------- 470 8 324 8 091 8 860 8 445 7 901 4 4 4 4 4 4

Georgia 528 ------------------------- 4 301 3 831 4 406 4 540 4 425 6 5 5 5 6 5 Hawaii 64 -------------------------- 484 467 482 475 511 17 9 9 9 10 10 Idaho 195 --------------------------- 769 598 783 875 820 8 13 15 13 13 15 Illinois 1 -------------------------- 437 9 312 5 994 10 191 11 203 9 858 3 3 4 3 3 3 Indiana 616 ------------------------- 3 564 2 561 3 706 4 223 3 768 4 5 6 5 5 6

Iowa 381 ---------------------------- 2 261 1 432 2 590 2 782 2 239 6 6 7 7 6 6 Kansas 343 ------------------------- 2 269 1 835 2 483 2 595 2 163 6 7 7 7 7 7 Kentucky 336 ------------------------ 1 853 1 402 1 954 2 084 1 972 6 6 8 6 7 6 Louisiana 133 ----------------------- 785 695 868 903 672 7 9 10 9 12 13 Maine 245 -------------------------- 982 473 1 098 1 351 1 008 9 9 10 10 9 10

Maryland 610 ------------------------ 5 695 4 706 6 016 6 415 5 645 6 3 3 3 3 4 Massachusetts 555 ------------------ 2 711 1 691 2 850 3 230 3 074 6 5 7 5 6 5 Michigan 1 ------------------------ 159 5 699 3 045 6 380 7 227 6 142 4 3 5 4 3 3 Minnesota 635 ----------------------- 3 031 1 536 3 576 4 014 2 998 5 5 8 5 5 6 Mississippi 136 ---------------------- 933 856 897 1 057 924 13 15 14 12 19 19

Missouri 744 ------------------------ 4 283 3 604 4 583 4 978 3 969 5 5 5 5 5 5 Montana 164 ------------------------ 512 393 522 618 515 10 15 15 16 15 16 Nebraska 178 ----------------------- 1 091 823 1 294 1 294 952 11 11 14 12 12 11 Nevada 192 ------------------------- 2 352 2 224 2 360 2 512 2 310 7 5 5 5 5 5 New Hampshire 145 ----------------- 521 341 556 654 534 11 12 16 11 10 12

New Jersey 585 --------------------- 3 194 2 394 3 425 3 720 3 238 6 5 5 4 5 5 New Mexico 139 --------------------- 835 756 855 860 869 12 11 12 10 12 12 New York 1 ----------------------- 332 6 579 3 898 7 157 8 019 7 242 4 7 11 6 6 10 North Carolina 680 ------------------- 3 824 3 384 3 965 4 048 3 900 5 5 5 5 5 6 North Dakota 93 -------------------- 364 216 398 475 369 11 11 12 11 11 14

Ohio 1 ---------------------------- 159 8 263 5 567 8 873 9 670 8 943 3 2 3 3 3 3

Oklahoma 215 ----------------------- 1 145 933 1 359 1 273 1 015 9 10 11 16 10 10

Oregon 361 ------------------------- 1 699 1 561 1 714 1 833 1 687 6 7 7 7 8 9

Pennsylvania 1 -------------------- 158 6 195 4 378 6 724 7 160 6 518 4 3 4 3 3 3

Rhode Island 106 -------------------- 346 170 423 433 357 10 6 11 6 7 6

South Carolina 294 ------------------ 1 889 1 711 1 981 1 980 1 886 8 9 10 9 9 10

South Dakota 102 ------------------- 445 271 525 534 452 12 17 18 18 18 17

Tennessee 386 ---------------------- 2 240 1 887 2 280 2 370 2 423 7 9 9 8 9 9

Texas 1 -------------------------- 420 11 644 10 982 12 088 12 213 11 291 3 3 4 4 4 3

Utah 246 ---------------------------- 1 170 900 1 264 1 386 1 129 6 10 11 10 9 10

Vermont 131 ------------------------ 349 201 396 465 334 12 13 14 14 12 17

Virginia 661 ------------------------- 4 609 4 066 4 637 5 033 4 699 5 4 4 4 4 4

Washington 826 --------------------- 3 138 2 977 3 205 3 388 2 984 4 5 5 5 5 6

West Virginia 123 -------------------- 544 342 494 739 601 10 14 16 13 14 18

Wisconsin 719 ----------------------- 3 807 1 980 4 228 4 982 4 038 5 4 6 4 5 5

Wyoming 73 ------------------------ 367 271 409 420 365 9 7 8 7 7 6

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

19–12nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 14 ----------------------------------------------- 422 908 26 042 13 598 629 2 898 824 279 15 055 671 –4.2 1 1 2

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 122 567 279 105 796 63 16 770 102 097 20.0 7 7 13

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- *31 838 43 *31 038 (S) (S) 18 156 75.4 43 44 (S)

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 353 631 405 340 627 14 13 003 459 107 –23.0 4 4 3

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 115 216 197 93 159 47 22 057 58 797 96.0 8 10 11

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 234 054 3 016 2 208 016 48 26 038 2 769 038 –19.3 2 2 10

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 365 793 617 359 747 22 6 046 212 859 71.8 6 6 3

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 113 687 355 104 129 46 9 558 230 866 –50.8 7 7 7

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 47 285 106 41 651 50 5 634 75 824 –37.6 6 7 11

District of Columbia 40 --------------------------------------------------- 582 (S) (D) 78 (D) 108 966 –62.8 1 (D) (D)

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 624 985 1 469 605 108 54 19 877 807 487 –22.6 4 4 5

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 344 037 528 320 798 114 23 238 351 354 –2.1 5 5 10

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 61 138 64 59 722 *18 *1 416 15 308 299.4 12 12 53

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 65 593 (S) 60 719 28 4 874 26 954 143.4 14 15 37

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 077 040 1 431 1 036 545 81 40 495 1 129 414 –4.6 2 3 3

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 298 527 613 278 977 111 19 551 270 655 10.3 3 3 8

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 211 833 381 194 070 78 17 763 141 964 49.2 5 5 27

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 136 973 340 125 071 37 11 902 160 514 –14.7 7 8 13

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 166 220 336 121 062 116 45 159 140 794 18.1 5 7 3

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 63 027 131 52 250 34 10 777 66 626 –5.4 10 12 10

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 83 708 245 80 623 32 3 085 60 799 37.7 8 9 27

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 428 591 604 391 285 123 37 305 410 596 4.4 3 4 9

Massachusetts 258 ------------------------------------------------------- 821 553 250 508 66 8 313 334 941 –22.7 5 5 11

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 635 260 1 159 626 196 52 9 064 560 115 13.4 3 3 20

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 322 957 633 315 979 65 6 978 345 086 –6.4 5 5 15

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 77 564 136 63 589 44 13 975 34 280 126.3 12 14 17

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 322 357 742 303 685 74 18 672 365 083 –11.7 4 4 22

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 41 507 164 40 646 15 860 9 886 319.9 12 12 14

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 83 546 178 78 407 31 5 139 60 357 38.4 9 10 39

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 258 655 192 247 979 42 10 676 102 765 151.7 4 4 7

New Hampshire 45 ------------------------------------------------------ 250 144 37 756 73 7 494 100 002 –54.8 12 14 23

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 349 598 575 321 975 103 27 623 565 111 –38.1 4 4 9

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 64 506 131 60 719 29 *3 787 79 926 –19.3 8 8 49

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 662 854 1 331 642 832 107 20 022 944 022 –29.8 3 3 15 North Carolina 291 ------------------------------------------------------- 836 680 264 668 70 27 168 267 268 9.2 5 5 5 North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 29 275 93 24 991 9 4 284 14 863 97.0 12 14 4

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 676 009 1 158 653 102 114 22 907 646 260 4.6 2 2 5 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 73 522 215 66 994 35 6 529 57 256 28.4 9 10 11 Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 168 127 353 158 963 41 9 164 88 027 91.0 6 6 16 Pennsylvania 629 --------------------------------------------------------- 047 1 157 582 787 112 46 260 526 444 19.5 3 3 2 Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 33 552 106 27 886 39 5 666 45 382 –26.1 6 7 5

South Carolina 127 ------------------------------------------------------- 687 290 112 400 66 15 287 106 552 19.8 7 8 7 South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 31 324 102 28 225 23 3 099 45 337 –30.9 17 18 34 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 182 099 386 164 341 57 17 758 187 971 –3.1 6 7 8 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 824 117 1 420 784 956 69 39 161 763 458 7.9 4 4 5 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 90 183 246 87 793 *15 2 389 70 723 27.5 11 11 34

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 26 602 131 25 875 5 727 30 451 –12.6 13 13 34 Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 377 033 661 301 502 147 75 531 545 940 –30.9 3 4 3 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 286 915 826 254 791 37 32 124 233 812 22.7 4 4 2 West Virginia--------------------------------------------------------- 59 800 123 46 307 81 13 493 46 474 28.7 8 9 16 Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 379 483 718 369 685 54 9 798 246 127 54.2 4 4 6 Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 27 096 73 (D) 27 (D) 13 555 99.9 7 (D) (D)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–13
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Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 14 ------------------------------------- 596 035 15 212 049 1 1

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTIONmCONTRACTORS

Heavy construction contractor 74 -------------------------------------- 998 85 533 5 6 Highway and street general contractor 86 ------------------------------ 691 117 264 5 5 Paving contractor ------------------------------------------------- 1 451 284 864 799 3 4

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS

Asphalt contractor, private driveways and parking areas 2 --------------- 196 906 2 379 783 2 2

Concrete contractor, except paving of roads, highways, and streets 6 ---- 373 732 7 573 021 1 1

Culvert and curb construction contractor 1 ----------------------------- 007 883 234 340 3 7

Excavating, earth and land clearing contractor, connected with

buildings -------------------------------------------------------- 81 051 (NA) 7 (NA)

Foundation contractor, concrete 2 ------------------------------------ 439 985 2 826 522 2 2

Gunite contractor ------------------------------------------------- 241 657 180 715 7 5

Other construction activities 464 ---------------------------------------- 021 592 703 3 (NA)

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 168 440 165 694 4 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. 9 ------------------------------------- 387 191 672 16 8

19–14nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7.4 9.3 1 Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.2 8.0 1 Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.2 1.3 1 Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 154.6 178.2 1 Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 118.4 140.0 1 Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 36.2 38.3 1

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 558.7 649.5 1 Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 552.1 642.8 1 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 216.3 237.7 1 Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 47.6 51.3 2 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 12.0 14.8 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 12.6 15.6 3 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 123.8 107.5 2

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 21.0 19.1 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 75.8 69.7 1

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 40.0 38.7 1

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 19.2 17.5 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 89.7 80.6 1

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 29.7 28.6 1

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .280 .277 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .392 .370 (Z)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .086 .080 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .611 .601 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .022 .023 2

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES CONCRETE WORKnn19–15
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Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 7.4 -------------------------------- 21.0 89.7 .280 .392 .086 .611 .022

Alabama 8.4 ---------------------------------------------- 15.3 61.5 .287 .371 .071 .567 .016

Alaska 6.0 ----------------------------------------------- 32.5 139.8 .270 .388 .164 .762 .028

Arizona 13.0 ----------------------------------------------- 19.3 80.1 .290 .452 .051 .793 .024

Arkansas 8.2 --------------------------------------------- 15.3 71.7 .256 .400 .069 .318 .035

California 8.6 --------------------------------------------- 24.8 103.1 .289 .351 .117 .706 .023

Colorado 8.5 --------------------------------------------- 20.1 83.6 .279 .411 .063 .572 .013

Connecticut 4.2 ------------------------------------------- 22.8 85.6 .322 .320 .067 .503 .023

Delaware 8.5 --------------------------------------------- 18.4 66.5 .324 .338 .108 .671 .042

District of Columbia (D) ------------------------------------ (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Florida 6.9 ----------------------------------------------- 18.2 75.0 .297 .355 .085 .686 .022

Georgia 9.7 ---------------------------------------------- 18.8 81.3 .275 .358 .101 .661 .020

Hawaii 9.3 ------------------------------------------------ 28.8 123.4 .287 (D) .087 .727 .018

Idaho 4.4 ------------------------------------------------ 17.1 80.7 .237 (D) (S) .417 (S)

Illinois 7.9 ------------------------------------------------ 26.3 113.1 .283 .402 .086 .593 .020

Indiana 6.9 ----------------------------------------------- 19.0 80.6 .280 .407 .065 .587 .012

Iowa 6.9 ------------------------------------------------- 22.6 96.7 .272 .447 .061 .568 .022

Kansas 8.0 ----------------------------------------------- 18.7 76.5 .295 .446 .051 .576 .033

Kentucky 6.7 --------------------------------------------- 16.4 69.1 .286 .368 .114 .443 .032

Louisiana 7.3 --------------------------------------------- 13.6 75.5 .222 .397 .085 .410 .021

Maine 4.7 ------------------------------------------------ 18.9 85.4 .262 .379 .056 .316 .009

Maryland 11.4 --------------------------------------------- 19.1 85.0 .274 .412 .093 .790 .032

Massachusetts 5.7 ---------------------------------------- 23.1 97.2 .279 .357 .075 .674 .024

Michigan 6.2 ---------------------------------------------- 23.1 112.0 .258 .411 .093 .530 .018

Minnesota 5.9 -------------------------------------------- 23.5 108.2 .271 .414 .076 .637 .021

Mississippi 8.2 -------------------------------------------- 16.3 71.3 .272 .414 .075 .321 .018

Missouri 6.8 ---------------------------------------------- 19.8 76.9 .302 .408 .059 .596 .017

Montana 3.5 ---------------------------------------------- 15.1 79.7 .213 .459 .058 .476 .016

Nebraska 6.9 --------------------------------------------- 18.2 82.0 .251 .422 .066 .496 .015

Nevada 13.7 ----------------------------------------------- 28.6 111.5 .288 .379 .121 .751 .036

New Hampshire 4.2 --------------------------------------- 20.8 84.1 .286 .371 .034 .630 .018

New Jersey 6.5 ------------------------------------------- 26.9 105.7 .302 .401 .071 .548 .021

New Mexico 7.2 ------------------------------------------ 16.5 74.3 .266 .412 .067 .777 .019

New York 6.1 --------------------------------------------- 22.2 100.4 .274 .382 .071 .440 .018

North Carolina 6.8 ---------------------------------------- 15.8 70.6 .271 .459 .068 .642 .017

North Dakota (D) ----------------------------------------- (D) 80.6 (D) .482 .105 .508 (S)

Ohio 8.4 ------------------------------------------------- 23.3 97.7 .281 .435 .092 .594 .015

Oklahoma 6.2 -------------------------------------------- 13.7 62.7 .255 (D) .089 .574 .019

Oregon 5.8 ----------------------------------------------- 24.0 98.9 .300 (D) .066 .722 .025

Pennsylvania 6.3 ------------------------------------------ 22.3 97.9 .270 .380 .078 .565 .024 Rhode Island 4.1 ------------------------------------------ 22.1 91.4 .303 (D) .133 .482 .036

South Carolina 7.5 ---------------------------------------- 14.9 63.4 .275 .443 .074 .559 .018 South Dakota 5.0 ----------------------------------------- 15.2 67.1 .257 .407 .028 .657 .013 Tennessee 7.2 -------------------------------------------- 17.3 84.6 .251 .364 .112 .462 .016 Texas 9.7 ------------------------------------------------ 15.2 70.0 .256 .407 .111 .597 .028 Utah 5.8 ------------------------------------------------- 17.6 76.7 .279 .411 .045 .440 *.032

Vermont 3.1 ---------------------------------------------- 19.3 79.6 .287 .448 .031 .556 .030 Virginia 8.3 ----------------------------------------------- 19.3 75.0 .306 .371 .070 .718 .035 Washington 4.6 ------------------------------------------- 21.8 84.5 .312 .365 .067 .675 .025 West Virginia 5.7 ------------------------------------------ 15.9 89.1 .230 .292 .116 (S) (D) Wisconsin 6.4 -------------------------------------------- 23.1 100.9 .277 .413 .054 .457 .012 Wyoming 5.6 --------------------------------------------- 17.7 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

19–16nnCONCRETE WORK CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–1
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Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

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repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

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• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

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• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

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Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

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Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

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1992 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

The Census of Construction Industries is taken once

every 5 years. The census covers all establishments

engaged in construction, including:

• Building contractors

• Heavy construction contractors

• Special trade contractors (including plumbers, carpenters, painters, electricians)

Data products in the census of construction industries are

issued in four publication series and in three media:

Printed reports [P]

CD-ROM [C]

Highlights online [+ ]

Preliminary Industry Series

(CC92-I-1(P) to -27(P))

(Available July 1994 through January 1995) [P]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1992 include:

• Number of establishments

• Number of employees

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done, by type of structure

• Selected operating costs

Final Industry Series

(CC92-I-1 to -27)

(Available April 1995 through August 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports

update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide

measures of the following:

• Capital expenditures

• Inventories

• Industry profiles

• Assets

• Depreciation

• And much more

Geographic Area Series

(CC92-A-1 to -10)

(Available August 1995 through December 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a U.S. summary

report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States

and metropolitan areas.

Subject Report—Legal Form of Organization

and Type of Operation (CC92-S-1)

(Available August 1995) [P] [C]

One report providing selected national statistics for

each industry by legal form of organization and type of

operation. This report includes data for establishments

with and without payroll. Data in this report include—

• Employment

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done

• Selected operating costs

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

The census of construction industries is part of the 1992

Economic Census. The economic census is conducted at

5-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consists of

eight separate censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

...plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses;

and the census of outlying areas, including separate

economic census of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas.

The census of agriculture and census of governments are

conducted separately.

HOW TO ORDER DATA PRODUCTS

Order forms for the specific reports and other data

products may be obtained from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. If you have any questions, call

Census Customer Services 1-301-457-4100.

Publication Program