# Patent

## Title
Up-conversion phosphor

## Abstract

To provide a novel up-conversion phosphor excellent in light-emitting properties, the up-conversion phosphor of the present invention is an up-conversion phosphor including, in a ZnMoO4-based matrix material thereof, Yb3+, at least one rare earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, and at least one monovalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, K+, Na+ and Rb+.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an up-conversion phosphor capable of emitting light higher in energy than excitation light.
BACKGROUND ART
An up-conversion phosphor is a material capable of radiating light higher in energy than excitation light.
An up-conversion phosphor can use a low energy light source, and hence is expected to cope with applications in various fields; however, because a phosphor usually radiates light lower in energy than the excitation light (down-conversion), in order to give rise to up-conversion phenomenon, it is necessary to involve, for example, excited-state absorption, multi-photon absorption and energy transfer.
Accordingly, various materials have been investigated, and at the same time, various investigations and proposals have been performed for the purpose of enhancing light emission efficiency.
For example, some relevant reports are listed below: a report on phosphor microparticles represented by the compositional formula, (R1-x,Erx)2O3 (R is at least one of Y, La, Gd and Lu, and x is given in terms of molar quantity and satisfies the relation, 0.001≦x≦0.20), and is caused to exhibit up-conversion light emission by the light having a wavelength falling within a range from 500 nm to 2000 nm (see Patent Literature 1); a report on a visible up-conversion light emission from Y2O3:Eu3+,Yb3+ (see Non Patent Literature 1); a report on the up-conversion properties of Er3+—Yb3+:NaYF4 including Yb3+ having a wide concentration range (see Non Patent Literature 2); a report on the up-conversion fluorescence from Er3+ in nanocrystals Y2Si2O7:Er3+ and Y2Si2O7:Yb3+,Er3+ (see Non Patent Literature 3); a report on the up-conversion fluorescence from infrared to visible light in an Er3+/Yb3+ added titanate glass prepared by a method using no vessel (see Non Patent Literature 4); a report on the technique to produce up-conversion nanoparticles by irradiating a target (made of a fluorescent material having up-conversion properties) in a liquid with a laser light (see Patent Literature 2); and a report on blue up-conversion from near infrared, in colloidal BaYF5:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanocrystals (see Non Patent Literature 5).
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature


    Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-292599
    Patent Literature 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-14651


Non Patent Literature


    Non Patent Literature 1: H. Wang et. al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112 (42), pp. 16651-16654.
    Non Patent Literature 2: B. S. Cao et. al., J. Luminescence, 2013, 135 (3), pp. 128-132.
    Non Patent Literature 3: J. Sokolnicki, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2011, 131 (1-2), pp. 306-312.
    Non Patent Literature 4: X. Pan et. al., J. Luminescence, 2012, 132, pp. 1025-1029.
    Non Patent Literature 5: F. Vetrone et. al., Chem. Mater., 2009, 21 (9), pp. 1847-1851.


SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
However, some conventional up-conversion phosphors are still insufficient in light-emitting properties, and some other conventional up-conversion phosphors use unfavorable materials such as fluorides, and accordingly, existing techniques are required to be improved or novel compositions are required to be developed.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel up-conversion phosphor capable of developing various light-emitting colors, and additionally, excellent in the light-emitting properties thereof.
Solution to Problem
The present inventors made a continuous diligent study in order to solve the above-descried problem to be solved, and consequently have perfected the present invention by discovering that in the case where the matrix material is a ZnMoO4-based material, when the matrix material is allowed to contain Yb3+, at least one rare earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, and at least one monovalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, K+, Na+ and Rb+, light emissions having various light-emitting colors such as a blue-based color (in the case of Tm3+), a green-based color (in the case of Er3+), a red-based color (in the case of Ho3+), and a white-based color (in the case of combinational use of Tm3+ and Ho3+) are obtained with high light emission intensities.
In other words, the up-conversion phosphor according to the present invention includes, in the ZnMoO4-based matrix material thereof, Yb3+, at least one rare earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, and at least one monovalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, K+, Na+ and Rb+.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention allows, while the same matrix material being used, up-conversion light emissions having various colors such as a blue-based color, a green-based color, a red-based color and a white-based color to be obtained by appropriately altering the types of the rare earth metals, and the light emission intensities thereof are high.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a chart showing the XDR spectra of the samples of Examples 1, 75 and 79.
FIG. 2 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the sample of Example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 to 7.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 to 7.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 8 to 12, and Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 8 to 12, and Comparative Example 1.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 13 to 15, and Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 13 to 15, and Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 16 to 20, and Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 16 to 20, and Comparative Example 2.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 to 26, and Comparative Example 3.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 27 to 31, and Comparative Example 4.
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 32 to 34, and Comparative Example 5.
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 35 to 38, and Comparative Example 5.
FIG. 15 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 39 to 46.
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 47 to 51, and Comparative Example 6.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 52 to 54, and Comparative Example 7.
FIG. 18 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 55 to 58, and Comparative Example 7.
FIG. 19 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 59 to 62.
FIG. 20 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 63 to 65.
FIG. 21 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 66 to 68.
FIG. 22 is a graph showing the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 69 to 74.
FIG. 23 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 75 to 79.
FIG. 24 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 620 to 680 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 75 to 79.
FIG. 25 is a graph showing the light emission spectra, in the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm, of the samples of Examples 1 and 75 to 79.



DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Hereinafter, the up-conversion phosphor according to the present invention is described in detail, but the scope of the present invention is not restricted by these descriptions and the cases other than the cases shown below as examples can also be embodied by appropriately modifying within a scope not impairing the gist of the present invention.
[Up-Conversion Phosphor]
The matrix material of the up-conversion phosphor of the present invention is a ZnMoO4-based matrix material.
Here, in the present invention, the “ZnMoO4-based matrix material” includes matrix materials in which in addition to ZnMoO4, within a limit not essentially altering the properties of the matrix material, a fraction of Zn in ZnMoO4 is substituted with another equivalent element such as Ca.
Specifically, for example, the ratio between Zn and the other equivalent element preferably falls, in terms of the number to atoms, within a range of Zn:other equivalent element=100:0 to 80:20.
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention is constituted by including the following specific ions in this matrix material.
In the up-conversion phosphor of the present invention, the following specific ions are all inferred to substitute for Zn2+ in the matrix material.
[Yb3+]
Yb3+ is included in the up-conversion phosphor of the present invention.
When the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Yb3+ (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “the content ratio of Yb3+”) is preferably 20 at % or less and more preferably 5 to 15 at %.
Here, “the divalent metal ion in the matrix material” in the foregoing description means Zn2+ when the matrix material is ZnMoO4, and means Zn2+ and the equivalent ion (such as Ca2+) when the matrix material is the material in which a fraction of Zn in ZnMoO4 is substituted with another equivalent element (such as Ca). With respect to the content ratio of the below-described rare earth metal ion and the content ratio of the below-described monovalent metal ion, “the divalent metal ion in the matrix material” has the same meaning.
As described above, the content ratio of Yb3+ is described to be preferably 20 at % or less; however, because Yb3+ is an essential component, needless to say, the case where the content ratio of Yb3+ is 0 at % is not involved. The same description is applicable to the descriptions on other essential components.
[Rare Earth Metal Ion]
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention includes at least one rare earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+.
When the rare earth metal ion is Tm3+, the up-conversion phosphor exhibits blue-based light emission.
When the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Tm3+ (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “the content ratio of Tm3+”) is preferably 2 at % or less, more preferably within a range from 0.05 to 1 at % and particularly preferably within a range from 0.05 to 0.5 at %.
When the rare earth metal ion is Er3+, the up-conversion phosphor exhibits green-based light emission.
When the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Er3+ (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “the content ratio of Er3+”) is preferably 5 at % or less, more preferably within a range from 0.1 to 2 at % and particularly preferably within a range from 0.2 to 0.6 at %.
When the rare earth metal ion is Ho3+, the up-conversion phosphor exhibits red-based light emission.
When the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Ho3+ (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “the content ratio of Ho3+”) is preferably 5 at % or less, more preferably 2 at % or less and particularly preferably within a range from 0.03 to 1 at %.
The matrix material can include a plurality of the rare earth metal ions in combination.
Such a combination of a plurality of the rare earth metal ions enables to obtain up-conversion light emission having a color not to be obtained by applying Tm3+, Er3+ or Ho3+ each alone.
In such a case, an intended light-emitting color can be obtained by appropriately selecting the mutual ratio in the combination of the plurality of the rare earth metal ions.
When white-based light emission is obtained, it is advantageous to combine Tm3+ and Ho3+ as the rare earth metal ions.
[Monovalent Metal Ion]
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention includes at least one monovalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, K+, Na+ and Rb+.
In particular, the use of K+ or Na+ results in excellent light-emitting properties, and the use of K+ is particularly preferable.
When the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as, for example, “the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion”, “the content ratio of Li+” or the like) is preferably 20 at % or less and more preferably within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
[Method for Producing Up-Conversion Phosphor]
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention can be produced by using a mixture of the compounds containing the above-described components and by applying, for example, a heretofore known solid phase method or liquid phase method (such as a sol-gel method).
For example, the up-conversion phosphor of the present invention is preferably produced as follows, without being particularly limited.
First, the compounds (for example, oxides and carbonates) containing the elements constituting the up-conversion phosphor is mixed.
The mixture may include a flux.
Examples of the flux include: Li2CO3, H3BO3, NH4F, CaF2, MgF2, B2O3 and (NH4)2CO3; among these, Li2CO3, H3BO3 and NH4F are preferable.
The mixing method may be either dry mixing or wet mixing, without being particularly limited; a wet mixing performed by adding ethanol, water or the like is preferably quoted. It is to be noted that in the case of wet mixing, drying is appropriately performed after mixing.
The mixing proportions of the components can be appropriately determined in consideration of the content ratios of the components in the up-conversion phosphor.
When a flux is added, the mixing proportion of the flux is preferably within a range from 0.005 to 0.4 mol.
Next, the mixture obtained as described above is burned.
The burning is performed in an air atmosphere, preferably in a temperature range from 500 to 800° C. and more preferably in a temperature range from 550 to 700° C.
The burning time is preferably 3 to 5 hours.
After burning, the burned mixture may be pulverized into powder, and is preferably pulverized into powder of the order of a few nanometers to several tens nanometers.
EXAMPLES
Hereinafter, the up-conversion phosphor according to the present invention is described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
Example 1
Powders of ZnCO3; 0.433 g, MoO3; 0.9596 g, TmCl3.6H2O; 0.0026 g, Yb2O3; 0.134 g, and K2CO3; 0.046 g were used, and were wet mixed in a mortar with a pestle by using ethanol.
After the mixing, the resulting mixture was dried at 130° C. for 4 hours, and pulverized with a pestle to yield a mixed powder.
Next, the resulting mixed powder was molded with a twin screw extruder into a pellet (Φ13×3 mm), and the pellet was burned in an air atmosphere at 650° C. for 4 hours (heating rate: 5° C./min).
The pellet after burning was finely pulverized with a vibration mill.
Thus, as the sample according to Example 1, there was obtained a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,K+, and having content ratios of 10 at %, 0.1 at % and 10 at % for Yb3+, Tm3+ and K+, respectively.
Examples 2 to 7
As each of the samples according to Examples 2 to 7, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+ and K+ as shown in Table 1 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 1 presented below.













TABLE 1






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



2
3
4
5
6
7






















Amounts
ZnO
0.4337
0.4328
0.432
0.43
0.431
0.428


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131


powders (g)
TmCl3•6H2O
0.0013
0.0054
0.008
0.0107
0.0134
0.0267



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3+
10
10
10
10
10
10


ratios of
Tm3−
0.05
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1


ions (at %)
K|
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 8 to 12 and Comparative Example 1
As each of the samples according to Examples 8 to 12, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+ and K+ as shown in Table 2 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 2 presented below.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 1, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Tm3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Tm3+ and K+ as shown in Table 2 presented below was obtained.













TABLE 2






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative



8
9
10
11
12
Example 1






















Amounts
ZnCO3
0.46
0.44
0.412
0.406
0.379
0.487


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.066
0.099
0.165
0.197
0.263
—


powders (g)
TmCl3•6H2O
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3+
5
7.5
12.5
15
20
—


ratios of
Tm3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1


ions (at %)
K+
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Example 2
As each of the samples according to Examples 13 to 15, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,M+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+ and M+ as shown in Table 3 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 3 presented below. It is to be noted that M+ represents any of K+, Na+, Li+ and Rb+.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 2, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+ and Tm3+ as shown in Table 3 presented below was obtained.











TABLE 3






Example
Example
Example
Comparative



13
14
15
Example 2




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.433
0.433
0.433
0.487


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134



TmCl3•6H2O
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026



K2CO3
—
—
—
—



Na2CO3
0.0354
—
—
—



Li2CO3
—
0.025
—
—



Rb2CO3
—
—
0.077
—


Content ratios
Yb3+
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Tm3−
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1



K+
—
—
—
—



Na|
10
—
—
—



Li
—
10
—
—



Rb|
—
—
10
—









Examples 16 to 20
As each of the samples according to Examples 16 to 20, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+ and K+ as shown in Table 4 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 4 presented below.












TABLE 4






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



16
17
18
19
20





















Amounts
ZnCO3
0.46
0.44
0.412
0.406
0.379


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134


powders (g)
TmCl3•6H2O
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026
0.0026



K2CO3
0.023
0.035
0.058
0.069
0.092


Content
Yb3−
10
10
10
10
10


ratios of
Tm3|
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1


ions (at %)
K−
5
7.5
12.5
15
20









Examples 21 to 26 and Comparative Example 3
As each of the samples according to Examples 21 to 26, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Er3+ and K+ as shown in Table 5 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 5 presented below.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 3, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+ and K+ as shown in Table 5 presented below was obtained.














TABLE 5






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative



21
22
23
24
25
26
Example 3























Amounts
ZnCO3
0.433
0.4328
0.4323
0.4312
0.428
0.423
0.434


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.0134
0.0134
0.0134
0.0134
0.0134
0.0134
0.0134


powders (g)
Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0059
0.0088
0.0148
0.0296
0.0592
—



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3+
10
10
10
10
10
10
10


ratios of
Er3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
1
2
—


ions (at %)
K+
10
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 27 to 31 and Comparative Example 4
As each of the samples according to Examples 27 to 31, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Er3+ and K+ as shown in Table 6 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 6 presented below.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 4, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Er3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Er3+ and K+ as shown in Table 6 presented below was obtained.













TABLE 6






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative



27
28
29
30
31
Example 4






















Amounts
ZnCO3
0.46
0.455
0.44
0.412
0.406
0.433


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.066
0.0792
0.099
0.165
0.197
—


powders (g)
Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3−
5
6
7.5
12.5
15
—


ratios of
Er3+
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1


ions (at %)
K+
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 32 to 34 and Comparative Example 5
As each of the samples according to Examples 32 to 34, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+,M+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Er3+ and M+ as shown in Table 7 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 7 presented below. It is to be noted that M+ represents any of K+, Na+, Li+ and Rb+.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 5, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+ and Er3+ as shown in Table 7 presented below was obtained.











TABLE 7






Example
Example
Example
Comparative



32
33
34
Example 5




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.433
0.433
0.433
0.487


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
—
—
—
—



Na2CO3
0.0354
—
—
—



Li2CO3
—
0.025
—
—



Rb2CO3
—
—
0.077
—


Content ratios
Yb3|
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Er3|
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1



K+
—
—
—
—



Na−
10
—
—
—



Li−
—
10
—
—



Rb−
—
—
10
—









Examples 35 to 38
As each of the samples according to Examples 35 to 38, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Er3+ and K+ as shown in Table 8 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 8 presented below.











TABLE 8






Example
Example
Example
Example



35
36
37
38




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.46
0.44
0.412
0.406


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
0.023
0.035
0.058
0.069


Content ratios
Yb3+
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Er3|
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1



K+
5
7.5
12.5
15









Examples 39 to 46
As each of the samples according to Examples 39 to 46, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 9 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 9 presented below.















TABLE 9






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
























Amounts
ZnCO3
0.434
0.4337
0.433
0.4328
0.432
0.431
0.428
0.423


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134


powders (g)
Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0015
0.0015
0.0029
0.0059
0.0078
0.015
0.0296
0.06



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3+
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10


ratios of
Ho3−
0.03
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
1
2


ions (at %)
K−
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 47 to 51 and Comparative Example 6
As each of the samples according to Examples 47 to 51, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 10 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 10 presented below.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 6, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 10 presented below was obtained.













TABLE 10






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Comparative



47
48
49
50
51
Example 6






















Amounts
ZnCO3
0.46
0.44
0.412
0.406
0.379
0.487


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.066
0.099
0.165
0.197
0.263
—


powders (g)
Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3−
5
7.5
12.5
15
20
—


ratios of
Ho3|
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1


ions (at %)
K+
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 52 to 54 and Comparative Example 7
As each of the samples according to Examples 52 to 54, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Ho3+,M+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Ho3+ and M+ as shown in Table 11 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 11 presented below. It is to be noted that M+ represents any of K+, Na+, Li+ and Rb+.
Similarly, as the sample according to Comparative Example 7, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Ho3+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+ and Ho3+ as shown in Table 11 presented below was obtained.











TABLE 11






Example
Example
Example
Comparative



52
53
54
Example 7




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.433
0.433
0.433
0.487


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
—
—
—
—



Na2CO3
0.0354
—
—
—



Li2CO3
—
0.025
—
—



Rb2CO3
—
—
0.077
—


Content ratios
Yb3+
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Ho3+
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1



K+
—
—
—
—



Na
10
—
—
—



Li
—
10
—
—



Rb|
—
—
10
—









Examples 55 to 58
As each of the samples according to Examples 55 to 58, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 12 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 12 presented below.











TABLE 12






Example
Example
Example
Example



55
56
57
58




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.46
0.44
0.412
0.406


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.134
0.134
0.134
0.134



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029
0.0029



K2CO3
0.023
0.0345
0.0575
0.069


Content ratios
Yb3+
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Ho3|
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1



K+
5
7.5
12.5
15









Examples 59 to 62
As each of the samples according to Examples 59 to 62, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 13 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 13 presented below.











TABLE 13






Example
Example
Example
Example



59
60
61
62




















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.4334
0.4331
0.4334
0.4331


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131



TmCl3•6H2O
0.0013
0.0013
0.0027
0.0027



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
—
—
—
—



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0015
0.0029
0.0029
0.0015



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content ratios
Yb3|
10
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Tm3|
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1



Er3+
—
—
—
—



Ho3−
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.05



K−
10
10
10
10









Examples 63 to 65
As each of the samples according to Examples 63 to 65, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,Er3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+ and K+ as shown in Table 14 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 14 presented below.










TABLE 14






Example
Example
Example



63
64
65



















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.4334
0.433
0.428


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.131
0.131
0.131



TmCl3•6H2O
0.0027
0.0027
0.0027



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0058
0.029



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
—
—
—



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content ratios
Yb3
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Tm3+
0.1
0.1
0.1



Er3|
0.1
0.2
1



Ho3−
—
—
—



K−
10
10
10









Examples 66 to 68
As each of the samples according to Examples 66 to 68, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Er3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Er3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 15 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 15 presented below.










TABLE 15






Example
Example
Example



66
67
68



















Amounts used of
ZnCO3
0.4323
0.4323
0.432


raw material
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


powders (g)
Yb2O3
0.131
0.131
0.131



TmCl3•6H2O
—
—
—



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0029
0.0058
0.0058



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0059
0.0029
0.0059



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content ratios
Yb3|
10
10
10


of ions (at %)
Tm3−
—
—
—



Er3+
0.1
0.2
0.2



Ho3+
0.2
0.1
0.2



K+
10
10
10









Examples 69 to 74
As each of the samples according to Examples 69 to 74, a powder represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,Er3+,Ho3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+, Er3+, Ho3+ and K+ as shown in Table 16 presented below was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the powder used as the raw material was altered as shown in Table 16 presented below.













TABLE 16






Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example



69
70
71
72
73
74






















Amounts
ZnCO3
0.4332
0.433
0.4328
0.4331
0.4323
0.432


used of raw
MoO3
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596
0.9596


material
Yb2O3
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131
0.131


powders (g)
TmCl3•6H2O
0.0013
0.0013
0.0013
0.0027
0.0027
0.0054



Er(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0001
0.0003
0.003
0.0003
0.003
0.006



Ho(NO3)3•5H2O
0.0015
0.0015
0.0015
0.0015
0.0029
0.0059



K2CO3
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046
0.046


Content
Yb3+
10
10
10
10
10
10


ratios of
Tm3+
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.1
0.2


ions (at %)
Er3|
0.005
0.01
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.2



Ho3
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.2



K−
10
10
10
10
10
10









Examples 75 to 79
As the samples according to Examples 75 to 79, powders represented by ZnMoO4:Yb3+,Tm3+,K+ and having the content ratios of Yb3+, Tm3+ and K+ of 10 at %, 0.1 at % and 10 at %, respectively were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the burning temperatures of the pellets were altered to 550° C., 600° C., 700° C., 750° C. and 800° C. in Examples 75 to 79, respectively.
[Physical Property Evaluation 1: Identification of Sample]
Crystal phase identification was performed by XRD for each of the samples of foregoing Examples 1, 75 and 79. As an X-ray diffractometer, “XRD-6300” manufactured by Shimadzu Corp. was used and CuKα was employed. The results thus obtained are shown in FIG. 1.
For the sample of Example 1, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image is shown in FIG. 2.
From the results shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, by the operations shown in each of above-described Examples, the target up-conversion phosphors were verified to be obtained as fine powder forms.
[Physical Property Evaluation 2: Light-Emitting Properties]
For each of the samples according to foregoing Examples and Comparative Examples, the light emission spectrum observed by irradiation of the sample with 980-nm laser light was measured with “USB 4000 UV/VIS/NIR” (miniature optical fiber spectrophotometer, manufactured by Ocean Optics, Inc.). The measurement was performed at room temperature.
The results thus obtained are as shown in FIGS. 3 to 25.
Hereinafter, on the results shown in FIGS. 3 to 25, the overall considerations are shown (the following (1)), and then specific considerations (the following (2) to (6)) are shown on the effects due to, for example, the types and contents of the respective components on the light-emitting properties.
(1) Overall Considerations
In the samples of Examples 1 to 20 and 75 to 79 in which Yb3+ was added as the rare earth metal ion, peaks were found around 480 nm and 800 nm.
In these samples, the light-emitting color observed by the human visual sense was blue, and this is inferred to be due to the light emission corresponding to the peaks around 480 nm. The peaks around 800 nm correspond to near infrared light emission, fall in the wavelength region outside the visible region, and accordingly are not observed by the visible human sense.
In the samples of Examples 21 to 38 in which Er3+ was added as the rare earth metal ion, peaks were found around 520 to 565 nm and 630 to 670 nm.
In these samples, the light-emitting color observed by the human visual sense was bright green, this is mainly due to the light emission corresponding to the peaks around 520 to 565 nm, and the light-emitting color is inferred to be somewhat affected by the light emission corresponding to the small peaks around 630 to 670 nm.
In the samples of Examples 39 to 58 in which Ho3+ was added as the rare earth metal ion, peaks were found around 550 nm and 650 nm.
In these samples, the light-emitting color observed by the human visual sense was bright red-orange color, this is mainly due to the light emission corresponding to the peak around 650 nm, and this is inferred to be affected by the light emission corresponding to the peak around 550 nm.
In the samples of Examples 59 to 74 in which two or more of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+ were added in combination as the rare earth metal ions, according to the combinations, the peaks around 480 nm inferred to be due to Tm3+, the peaks around 550 nm inferred to be due to Er3+ and Ho3+, and the peaks around 650 nm inferred to be due to Ho3+ were found.
In these samples, the light-emitting color observed by the human visual sense was white in the cases (Examples 59 to 62) of the combination of Tm3+ and Ho3+, blue to green in the cases (Examples 63 to 65) of the combination of Tm3+ and Er3+, yellow in the cases (Examples 66 to 68) of the combination of Er3+ and Ho3+, and various colors such as white, blue to green, and yellow in the cases (Examples 69 to 74) of the combinations of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, according to the mutual proportions of these three rare earth metal ions.
These light-emitting colors are inferred to be caused by the combinations of the light emissions of a plurality of wavelengths, originating from the respective rare earth metal ions.
(2) Discussion on Tm3+-Containing Up-Conversion Phosphor
(2-1) Effect of the Content of Tm3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the measurement results (FIG. 3: the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm; FIG. 4: the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm) of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 1 to 7.
From the results shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Tm3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that in order to obtain excellent light-emitting properties, the content of Tm3+ is preferably within a range from 0.05 to 1 at %, and in particular, within a range from 0.05 to 0.5 at %.
(2-2) Effect of the Content of Yb3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIGS. 5 and 6 show the measurement results (FIG. 5: the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm; FIG. 6: the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm) of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 1 and 8 to 12, and Comparative Example 1.
In the results shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 1 (not including Yb3+) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that Yb3+ is an essential component to be included for the purpose of obtaining the targeted up-conversion light emission.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Yb3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of Yb3+ is preferably 20 at % or less, and in particular, within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(2-3) Effects of the Inclusion of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIGS. 7 and 8 show the measurement results (FIG. 7: the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm; FIG. 8: the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm) of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 1 and 13 to 15, and Comparative Example 2.
In the results shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 2 (not including any monovalent metal ion) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the monovalent metal ion specified in the present invention is the essential component to be included.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, K+, Na+ and Li+ are preferable, K+ and Na+ are more preferable, and K+ is particularly preferable.
(2-4) Effects of the Content of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIGS. 9 and 10 show the measurement results (FIG. 9: the wavelength region from 450 to 510 nm; FIG. 10: the wavelength region from 750 to 850 nm) of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 1 and 16 to 20, and Comparative Example 2.
From the results shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to be verified that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion is preferably 20 at % or less, and in particular, within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(3) Discussion on Er3+-Containing Up-Conversion Phosphor
(3-1) Effects of the Content of Er3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 11 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 to 26, and Comparative Example 3. FIG. 11 also includes an inserted graph plotting the light emission intensities, at 533 nm and 555 nm, of Examples concerned and Comparative Example concerned.
In the results shown in FIG. 11, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 3 (not including any rare earth metal ion specified in the present invention) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the peaks of Examples are the peaks originating from Er3+.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Er3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of Er3+ is preferably within a range from 0.1 to 2 at %, and in particular, within a range from 0.2 to 0.6 at %.
(3-2) Effects of the Content of Yb3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 12 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 27 to 31, and Comparative Example 4. FIG. 12 also includes an inserted graph plotting the light emission intensities, at 522 nm, 533 nm, 547 nm and 554 nm, of Examples concerned and Comparative Example concerned.
In the results shown in FIG. 12, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 4 (not including Yb3+) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that Yb3+ is an essential component to be included for the purpose of obtaining the targeted up-conversion light emission.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Yb3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of Yb3+ is preferably within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(3-3) Effects of the Inclusion of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 13 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 32 to 34, and Comparative Example 5. FIG. 13 also includes an inserted graph plotting the light emission intensities, at 522 nm, 533 nm, and 555 nm, of Examples concerned and Comparative Example concerned.
In the results shown in FIG. 13, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 5 (not including any monovalent metal ion) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the monovalent metal ion specified in the present invention is an essential component to be included for the purpose of obtaining the targeted up-conversion light emission.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, K+, Na+ and Rb+ are preferable, K+ and Na+ are more preferable, and K+ is particularly preferable.
(3-4) Effects of the Content of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 14 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 21 and 35 to 38, and Comparative Example 5. FIG. 14 also includes an inserted graph plotting the light emission intensities, at 533 nm and 555 nm, of Examples concerned and Comparative Example concerned.
From the results shown in FIG. 14, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion is preferably within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(4) Discussion on Ho3+-Containing Up-Conversion Phosphor
(4-1) Effects of the Content of Ho3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 15 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 39 to 46.
From the results shown in FIG. 15, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Ho3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of Ho3+ is preferably 2 at % or less, and in particular, within a range from 0.03 to 1 at %.
(4-2) Effects of the Content of Yb3+ on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 16 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 47 to 51, and Comparative Example 6.
In the results shown in FIG. 16, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 6 (not including Yb3+) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that Yb3+ is an essential component to be included for the purpose of obtaining the targeted up-conversion light emission.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of Yb3+ affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of Yb3+ is preferably 20 at % or less, and in particular, within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(4-3) Effects of the Inclusion of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 17 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 52 to 54, and Comparative Example 7.
In the results shown in FIG. 17, in the first place, from a comparison of Comparative Example 7 (not including any monovalent metal ion) with other Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that the monovalent metal ion specified in the present invention is an essential component to be included for the purpose of obtaining the targeted up-conversion light emission.
From the results of Examples concerned, it has been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, K+, Na+ and Rb+ are preferable, and K+ and Na+ are more preferable.
(4-4) Effects of the Content of the Monovalent Metal Ion on the Light-Emitting Properties
FIG. 18 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 41 and 55 to 58, and Comparative Example 7.
From the results shown in FIG. 18, it has been able to verify that the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion affects the light-emitting properties, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion is preferably within a range from 5 to 15 at %.
(5) Discussion on Up-Conversion Phosphor Allowed to Contain Combination of Two or More Rare Earth Metal Ions Specified in the Present Invention
FIG. 19 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples (using Tm3+ and Ho3+, in combination) of Examples 59 to 62; FIG. 20 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples (using Tm3+ and Er3+, in combination) of Examples 63 to 65; FIG. 21 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples (using Er3+ and Ho3+, in combination) of Examples 66 to 68; and FIG. 22 shows the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples (using Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, in combination) of Examples 69 to 74.
From the results shown in FIGS. 19 to 22, it has been able to verify that when two or more of the rare earth metal ions specified in the present invention are combined, according to the content proportions of the rare earth metal ions, the peak intensities are allowed to vary and the light-emitting color is allowed to be controlled.
(6) Others: Effects of Burning Temperature on Light-Emitting Properties
FIGS. 23 to 25 show the measurement results of the light emission spectra of the samples of Examples 1 and 75 to 79.
From the results shown in FIGS. 23 to 25, it has been able to verify that the burning temperature affects the light-emitting properties to a certain degree, and it has also been able to verify that for the purpose of obtaining excellent light-emitting properties, the burning temperature is preferably within a range from 550 to 800° C., and in particular, within a range from 550 to 700° C.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The up-conversion phosphor of the present invention can be applied to the same applications as the applications of conventional phosphors, such as color displays, infrared sensors, optical recording data and laser materials. In particular, the up-conversion phosphor concerned allows the use of low-energy excitation light sources, and hence is suitable as a phosphor to substitute for conventional down-conversion phosphors and to be excellent in energy saving and stability.

## Claims

1. An up-conversion phosphor comprising, in a ZnMoO4-based matrix material thereof, Yb3+, at least one rare earth metal ion selected from the group consisting of Tm3+, Er3+ and Ho3+, and at least one monovalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li+, K+, Na+ and Rb+.

2. The up-conversion phosphor according to claim 1, wherein when the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Yb3+ is 20 at % or less.

3. The up-conversion phosphor according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal ion is Tm3+, and when the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Tm3+ is 2 at % or less.

4. The up-conversion phosphor according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal ion is Er3+, and when the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Er3+ is 5 at % or less.

5. The up-conversion phosphor according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth metal ion is Ho3+, and when the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of Ho3+ is 5 at % or less.

6. The up-conversion phosphor according to claim 1, wherein when the total content of the divalent metal ion in the matrix material, Yb3+, the rare earth metal ion and the monovalent metal ion is set at 100 at %, the content ratio of the monovalent metal ion is 20 at % or less.