Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for Proposed 

Foliar and Seed Treatment Uses of the Fungicide 

Fluxapyroxad (BAS 700F)

Fluxapyroxad

CAS 907204-31-3 PC Code 138009

16 May 2013

Prepared by

Catherine Aubee, Biologist

Chuck Peck, Environmental Fate Scientist

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED)

Environmental Risk Branch IV

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington, DC 20460 Reviewed by

Thomas Steeger, Ph.D., Senior Science Advisor

Jim Carleton, Ph.D., Senior Fate Scientist

Marietta Echeverria, Branch Chief
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Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................................5

2. Problem Formulation.........................................................................................................................................7

2.1. Nature of Chemical Stressor .....................................................................................................................7

2.2. Stressor Source and Distribution..............................................................................................................7

2.3. Receptors.....................................................................................................................................................8

2.4. Assessment Endpoints................................................................................................................................8

2.5. Conceptual Model ......................................................................................................................................9

2.5.1. Risk Hypothesis .................................................................................................................................9

2.5.2. Conceptual Diagram .........................................................................................................................9

2.6. Analysis Plan ............................................................................................................................................12

2.6.1. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments ..............................................................................12

2.6.2. Identification of Data Gaps and Uncertainties .............................................................................12

2.6.3. Measures of Exposure .....................................................................................................................13

2.6.4. Measures of Effect...........................................................................................................................14

2.6.5. Integration of Exposure and Effects..............................................................................................14

3. Analysis.............................................................................................................................................................15

3.1. Use Characterization ...............................................................................................................................15

3.2. Exposure Characterization......................................................................................................................16

3.2.1. Environmental Fate and Transport...............................................................................................16

3.2.2. Aquatic Exposure ............................................................................................................................19

3.2.3. Terrestrial Exposure .......................................................................................................................23

3.3. Ecological Effects Characterization........................................................................................................28

3.3.1. Ecotoxicity Data...............................................................................................................................28

3.3.1. Incident Reports..............................................................................................................................41

4. Risk Characterization......................................................................................................................................41

4.1. Risk Estimation ........................................................................................................................................41

4.1.1. Aquatic Organisms..........................................................................................................................41

4.1.2. Terrestrial Organisms.....................................................................................................................50

4.2. Risk Description and Conclusions ..........................................................................................................54

4.2.1. Aquatic Organisms..........................................................................................................................54

4.2.2. Terrestrial Organisms.....................................................................................................................57

4.2.3. Conclusions......................................................................................................................................61

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species of Concern ..........................................................63

5.1. Action Area...............................................................................................................................................64

5.2. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk ..................................................................................................64

5.2.1. Probit Dose-Response Analysis ......................................................................................................66

5.2.2. Listed Species Occurrence with Proposed New Use of Fluxapyroxad........................................67

6. Additional Description of Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps...............72

7. References.........................................................................................................................................................74

Figure 2-1. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad foliar treatment effects on aquatic organisms. .......10

Figure 2-2. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad foliar treatment effects on terrestrial organisms. ..10

Figure 2-3. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad seed treatment effects on aquatic organisms. .........11

Figure 2-4. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad seed treatment effects on terrestrial organisms. ....11

Figure 4-1. Turf peak EECs from spray drift only analysis. ................................................................................56

Figure 4-2. Sugarcane peak EECs from spray drift only analyses.......................................................................57

Table 1.1. Potential effects to federally listed taxa associated with the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad. ............6

Table 3.1. Fluxapyroxad application rates and retreatment intervals for proposed uses. ..................................15

Table 3.2. Chemical properties and environmental fate parameters of fluxapyroxad. .......................................17
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Table 3.3. Input parameters used in surface water exposure modeling (GENEEC and PRZM/EXAMS)........19

Table 3.4. Application scenarios and start dates for PRZM/EXAMS modeling..................................................20

Table 3.5. Surface water EECs of fluxapyroxad (GENEEC, Tier I Rice model, and PRZM/EXAMS). ...........22

Table 3.6. EECs from spray drift only following fluxpyroxad applications (PRZM/EXAMS). .........................23

Table 3.7. Terrestrial EECs as food residues for animals exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the proposed 

foliar uses....................................................................................................................................................................25

Table 3.8. Terrestrial dose-based EECs for the range of seed treatment uses proposed for fluxapyroxad.......26

Table 3.9. EECs for non-target terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants based on proposed uses of fluxapyroxad 

(TerrPlant). ................................................................................................................................................................27

Table 3.10. Acute toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for fish and aquatic 

invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad in the water column. ................................................................................30

Table 3.11. Chronic toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for fish and aquatic 

invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad in the water column. ................................................................................32

Table 3.12 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for invertebrates exposed to 

fluxapyroxad in the sediment compartment............................................................................................................32

Table 3.13 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for aquatic plants exposed to 

fluxapyroxad in the water column. ..........................................................................................................................33

Table 3.14 Acute toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial animals 

exposed to fluxapyroxad............................................................................................................................................35

Table 3.15 Chronic toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial animals 

exposed to fluxapyroxad............................................................................................................................................38

Table 3.16 Additional non-guideline toxicity data for hazard characterization of beneficial insects exposed to 

fluxapyroxad. .............................................................................................................................................................38

Table 3.17 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial and semi-aquatic 

plants exposed to fluxapyroxad. ...............................................................................................................................39

Table 4.1. Acute and chronic RQ values for freshwater fish and invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI 

in surface water..........................................................................................................................................................43

Table 4.2. Acute RQ values for estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI in 

surface water..............................................................................................................................................................44

Table 4.3. RQ values for sediment-dwelling invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI...............................45

Table 4.4. RQ values for listed and nonlisted species of aquatic plants exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI in 

surface water..............................................................................................................................................................45

Table 4.5. Acute RQ values for freshwater fish exposed to BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex] and BAS 700 04 F 

[Sercadis] in surface water as a result of spray drift only, based on maximum application rates for all 

fluxapyroxad uses. .....................................................................................................................................................46

Table 4.6. Refined acute RQ values for freshwater fish and invertebrates exposed to BAS 703 01 F [Merivon] 

and BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] in surface water as a result of spray drift only, based on proposed uses for each 

formulation.................................................................................................................................................................47

Table 4.7. RQ values for nonvascular aquatic plants exposed to BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] in surface water 

from spray drift only, based on maximum application rates for all proposed uses of fluxapyroxad.................49

Table 4.8. Acute dietary-based RQ values for birds exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the proposed foliar 

uses..............................................................................................................................................................................50

Table 4.9. Chronic dietary and dose-based RQ values for mammals exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the 

proposed foliar uses. ..................................................................................................................................................51

Table 4.10. Chronic dietary RQ values for mammals exposed to fluxapyroxad following the proposed seed 

treatment uses. ...........................................................................................................................................................52

Table 4.11. RQ values for listed species1 of non-target terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants based on proposed 

uses of fluxapyroxad (TerrPlant). ............................................................................................................................53

Table 4.12. Comparison of aquatic ecotoxicity endpoints for BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®] and BAS 703 02 F 

[Priaxor®] with existing pyraclostrobin endpoints. ................................................................................................55

Table 4.13. Characterization of potential risk to terrestrial birds and mammals from consumption of treated 

seeds, assuming that the limit dose tested in effects studies is the definitive toxicity endpoint...........................59

Table 5.1 Potential effects to federally listed taxa associated with the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad. ...........65

Table 5.2. Summary of fluxapyroxad probit dose response analysis for listed species.......................................67

Table 5.3. Tabulation by state and taxonomic group of listed species at potential risk of direct or secondary 

effects of proposed fluxapyroxad uses. ....................................................................................................................69
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Appendix A. Current and Proposed New Uses, Fluxapyroxad ............................................................................78

Appendix B. GENEEC Results................................................................................................................................82

Appendix C. Example T-REX (v. 1.5.1) input and output data............................................................................88

Appendix D. Example TerrPlant (v. 1.2.2) input and output data.......................................................................91

Appendix E. LOCATES (v. 2.2.5) output of listed species....................................................................................92
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1. Executive Summary

Fluxapyroxad, a second generation pyridine carboxamide fungicide, is an active ingredient 

currently registered for a number of pesticide products (see Appendix A) used as both a foliar 

and seed treatment on a range of agricultural crops. Fluxapyroxad has a moderate potential to 

reach aquatic environments for several months or more following foliar applications and seed 

treatments. The available fate data indicate that fluxapyroxad is likely to dissipate to some 

extent through various mechanisms, including runoff and erosion. Because fluxapyroxad 

degrades slowly in soil and aquatic systems (e.g., half-lives greater than 1 year), the compound 

may persist in soil, in water, and in benthic sediment, once transported or partitioned to these 

environmental compartments. Fluxapyroxad is stable to some plant metabolism processes and 

has demonstrated at least limited systemic activity, based on plant residue studies submitted by 

the registrant. 

Fluxapyroxad is moderately to very highly toxic to fish and moderately toxic to aquatic 

invertebrates, but is practically non-toxic to mammals, birds, and young adult honey bees

following acute exposure. Chronic effects on reproduction and especially growth have been 

observed in both terrestrial and aquatic organisms exposed to fluxapyroxad, and toxic effects 

have been noted in aquatic and terrestrial plants. Ecotoxicity data gaps exist with respect to 

potential chronic effects on estuarine/marine organisms. The available avian toxicity data 

suggest that light conditions may influence the relative sensitivity of some bird species to 

fluxapyroxad, as does-response mortality was observed in studies with the bobwhite quail at 

normal light conditions (139 – 299 lux), but not lower light conditions (12 – 21 lux). Finally, 

two of the current formulated products (Merivon® [Reg. No. 7969-310] and Priaxor® [Reg. No. 

7969-311]) proposed for new uses and two of the new use products (Lexicon [BAS 7969-GLN] 

and Xemium 703 [Reg. No. 7969-GLE]) proposed for registration are co-formulated with the 

fungicide pyraclostrobin and are similar in that respect to the registered fungicide product, 

Pristine (25.2% boscalid and 12.8% pyraclostrobin). The registrant has conducted additional 

honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval toxicity tests with the fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin to 

address concerns that Pristine may affect honey bee larval/pupal (brood) and queen cell 

development and these studies have not demonstrated any significant effect on queen 

development (DP Barcode 408124). A recently submitted semi-field study (bee brood tunnel 

test) was also conducted using the product Merivon® [Reg. No. 7969-310]. While a slight 

transient effect which was not statistically significant was noted on foraging activity of adult 

bees, no significant effects on bee brood development or viability were reported.

 

Based on estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) and the available ecotoxicity data, the 

proposed uses of fluxapyroxad may result in chronic risk to mammals, including mammals that 

consume treated seed. Exposure and risk to mammals from consumption of treated seeds may be 

reduced if seeds are incorporated at plant. Chronic risk to birds (and by extension to reptiles, and

terrestrial-phase amphibians for which birds serve as surrogates) cannot be precluded because a 

statistically significant effect on growth, abeit slight, was observed at all treatment levels in an 

avian reproduction study. Risk quotient (RQ) values for foliar applications, estimated using the 

nondefintive endpoint (100 mg a.i./kg diet), exceed the chronic risk level of concern (LOC) for 

applications to berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables (except Brassica), 

strawberries, and grapes (Botrytis disease) for short grass. RQs exceed the chronic risk LOC for 
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all seed treatment uses. Additional avian reproduction data have not been requested because the 

effect was not dose-responsive (100 – 1000 mg/kg diet), and it was unlikely that an additional 

study would establish a no observed adverse effects concentration (NOAEC) that would allow 

risk to be precluded at the screening level (NOAEC≥80 mg a.i./kg diet) for the proposed uses.

Based on estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) and the available ecotoxicity data, the 

likelihood of acute mortality to mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians is 

considered low.

Fluxapyroxad exposure at the labeled treatment rates may also result in risk to federally-listed 

threatened and endangered (hereafter referred to as “listed”) species of dicotyledonous (dicot)

terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants. Risk to listed dicot plants exceeds the Agency’s LOC for all 

foliar uses and for proposed seed treatment application rates above 0.05 lbs a.i./A (e.g., bulb 

vegetables, leafy vegetables, and rice). For seed treatment uses, seed incorporation may reduce 

the likelihood of runoff and therefore reduce the potential for exposure and risk to listed dicot 

plants. The potential for adverse effects on monocotyledonous (monocot) plants and on 

nonlisted dicot plants is considered low.

Despite the absence of chronic ecotoxicity data for estuarine/marine organisms, a comparison of 

the available aquatic toxicity data with the relatively low EECs of fluxapyroxad in surface water 

demonstrates a low likelihood that the proposed uses will result in chronic risk to aquatic 

organisms. Similarly, the fluxapyroxad technical grade active ingredient (TGAI) does not pose

an acute risk to either freshwater or estuarine/marine fish or aquatic invertebrates. However, 

potential spray drift of fluxapyroxad co-formulated with pyraclostrobin does result in a risk of 

acute mortality to fish and aquatic invertebrates. The increased toxicity of (and therefore risk 

from) the coformulated active ingredients for these taxa, when compared to fluxapyroxad TGAI 

and single a.i. formulations, is consistent with the toxicity profile for pyraclostrobin, which is 

evaluated in a separate risk assessment. The likelihood of adverse effects to aquatic sedimentdwelling (benthic) invertebrates and aquatic plants is considered low, as RQ values do not 

approach or exceed the Agency’s LOC.

The proposed uses of fluxapyroxad co-occur with 2,231 unique listed species. The potential for 

direct and indirect effects to listed species as a result of the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad is 

summarized in Table 1.1. Although the total number (2,231) of co-occurring listed species 

includes both aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, this screening-level assessment does not 

evaluate risk to terrestrial invertebrates. 

Table 1.1. Potential effects to federally listed taxa associated with the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad.

Listed Taxon

Direct Effects Indirect Effects from Risk to Other Taxa

Yes/No Acute/Chronic Yes/No Through ...

Terrestrial and semiaquatic plants –

monocots and dicots

Yes

(dicots 

only)

NA Yes

Chronic effects on birds, terrestrial-phase 

amphibians, and mammals, when required 

for pollination or seed dispersal.

Birds Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on mammals that serve as 

prey; chronic effects on reptiles and 

amphibians that serve as prey.
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Listed Taxon

Direct Effects Indirect Effects from Risk to Other Taxa

Yes/No Acute/Chronic Yes/No Through ...

Terrestrial-phase 

amphibians Yes Chronic Yes Chronic effects on mammals which provide 

habitat (e.g., burrows) and serve as prey.

Reptiles Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on mammals that serve as 

prey; chronic effects on birds, reptiles, and 

amphibians that serve as prey.

Mammals Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on birds, reptiles, and 

amphibians that serve as prey; chronic 

effects on mammals that serve as prey.

Aquatic plants No NA Yes Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

serve as primary producers.

Freshwater fish Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Aquatic-phase 

amphibians Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Chronic effects on terrestrial-phase 

amphibians; effects on semi-aquatic dicot 

plants that provide habitat and serve as 

primary producers.

Freshwater invertebrates Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Molluscs No NA Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Marine/estuarine fish Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Marine/estuarine 

invertebrates Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers. EP End-use product. NA Not applicable.

2. Problem Formulation

2.1. Nature of Chemical Stressor

Fluxapyroxad (3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3',4',5'-trifluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide) was registered for use as as a fungicide in 2012. The chemical’s mode of 

action in fungi is the inhibition of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, also known as complex 

II, in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (MRID 47923771). 

2.2. Stressor Source and Distribution

Fluxapyroxad is an emulsifiable (EC) or suspension concentrate (SC) fungicide associated with 

six currently registered and three proposed end-use products (see Appendix A). Fluxapyroxad 

is being proposed for use on berries and small fruits, leafy vegetables, bulb vegetables, cucurbits, 
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grapes, rice, root vegetables, sorghum and millet, strawberries, sugarcane, and tree nuts. It is 

also being proposed for use on residential and commercial turf, golf courses, and sod farms. 

The chemical is being proposed as a seed treatment for use on bulb vegetable, brassica, cucurbit, 

leafy vegetable, rapeseed, rice, and root vegetable seeds. For the current and proposed seed 

treatment products (Xemium® 2.78 [Reg No. 7969-307], Xemium® 2.72 [Reg No. 7969-308], 

and Xemium® 703 [Reg. No. 7969-GLE]), fluxapyroxad will be applied to seeds as a waterbased slurry or mist. The seed treatment labels do not indicate how treated seeds will be planted 

or applied to the field. The proposed foliar application labels indicate that the best coverage of 

crops would be accomplished by ground application; however, aerial application and 

applications through sprinkler irrigation equipment are also proposed. 

Two of the current products (Merivon® [Reg. No. 7969-310] and Priaxor® [Reg. No. 7969-311]) 

and two of the new use products (Lexicon® [BAS 7969-GLN] and Xemium® 703 [Reg. No. 

7969-GLE]) also contain the active ingredient pyraclostrobin, which is being proposed at 

application rates equivalent to or higher than those of fluxapyroxad. This evaluation is limited to 

the exposure associated with fluxapyroxad specifically and not pyraclostrobin; however, risk 

based on exposure to the formulated product(s) is assessed, where data are sufficient to permit 

analysis, based on the content of fluxpyroxad in the relevant formulations. One major degradate

was identified in the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism studies, M700F001 [3-(difluoro-methyl)-

1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid]. Based on discussions with the Health Effects 

Division’s Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee (ROCKS), only the parent 

compound is considered a residue of concern (D390225, 7/14/2011). The ecological risk 

assessment only evaluates exposure and risk to the parent compound, fluxapyroxad, as exposure 

to the parent below the levels of concern should be protective of any exposure to the degradates.

2.3. Receptors

The receptor is the biological entity that is exposed to the stressor (USEPA 1998). For this 

assessment, the receptor includes aquatic animals and terrestrial animals inhabiting fields where 

fluxapyroxad foliar applications occur or treated seeds are planted, and non-target areas to where 

fluxapyroxad is transported (via spray drift and runoff). Consistent with the process described in 

the Overview Document (USEPA 2004a), the risk assessment uses a surrogate species approach 

in its evaluation of fluxapyroxad. Toxicological data generated from surrogate test species, 

which are intended to be representative of broad taxonomic groups, are used to extrapolate to 

potential effects on a variety of species (receptors) included under these taxonomic groupings. 

2.4. Assessment Endpoints

Assessment endpoints represent the actual environmental value that is to be protected, defined by 

an ecological entity (species, community, or other entity) and its attributes (EPA 1998). For 

fluxapyroxad, the ecological entities include terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals. The 

attributes evaluated for each of these entities include growth, reproduction, and survival. 
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2.5. Conceptual Model

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in biologically 

significant concentrations or doses. An exposure pathway is the means by which a pesticide 

moves in the environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an ecological exposure 

pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, an environmental transport 

medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, and a feasible route of exposure.

A conceptual model provides a written description and visual representation of the predicted 

relationships between fluxapyroxad, the potential routes of exposure, and the predicted effects 

for each assessment endpoint. A conceptual model consists of two major components: a risk 

hypothesis and a conceptual diagram (EPA 1998).

2.5.1. Risk Hypothesis

For fluxapyroxad, the following ecological risk hypothesis is employed for this risk assessment:

Fluxapyroxad has slight to moderate mobility in soil; it can move to surface water through 

spray drift, runoff, and erosion. Therefore, fluxapyroxad may produce adverse effects on 

survival, growth, and/or reproduction of aquatic animals. There is also the potential for 

risk to benthic invertebrates, given fluxapyroxad’s persistence in water and sediment. 

Based on the compound’s persistence, fluxapyroxad may pose a chronic risk to small birds, 

terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles and mammals. Based on previous assessments 

for fluxapyroxad, there is potential risk to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants. Based on 

concerns raised regarding the potential effects of similar fungicide formulations to honey 

bees (Apis mellifera), there is uncertainty surrounding the potential effects of fluxapyroxad 

products, including those co-formulated with pyraclostrobin.

2.5.2. Conceptual Diagram

The environmental fate properties of fluxapyroxad indicate that for foliar applications, spray drift 

and runoff are potential transport mechanisms of fluxapyroxad to aquatic habitats where nontarget organisms may be exposed. Non-target terrestrial organisms can be exposed to foliar 

applications of fluxapyroxad through consumption of exposed plants and invertebrates. With 

regards to the seed treatments, fluxapyroxad may reach aquatic habitats via leaching of the 

chemical from the seed coat into field runoff. Non-target terrestrial organisms can be exposed to 

fluxapyroxad through consumption of treated seeds. These transport mechanisms (i.e., sources) 

are depicted in the conceptual models below (Figures 2-1 and 2-2 are for terrestrial and aquatic 

exposure to foliar applications and Figures 2-3 and 2-4 are for terrestrial and aquatic exposure to 

seed treatments) along with the receptors of concern and the potential attribute changes in the 

receptors due to exposures of fluxapyroxad. Dotted lines represent transport pathways that are 

assumed to have a low likelihood of occurring and/or of contributing to ecological risk.
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Figure 2-1. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad foliar treatment effects on aquatic organisms.

Figure 2-2. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad foliar treatment effects on terrestrial organisms.
-Page 11 of 139-

Figure 2-3. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad seed treatment effects on aquatic organisms.

Figure 2-4. Conceptual model for potential fluxapyroxad seed treatment effects on terrestrial organisms.
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2.6. Analysis Plan

The analysis plan is the final step in Problem Formulation. During this step, an assessment 

design is developed, the scope of the assessment is outlined, the methods for conducting the 

assessment are determined, measurements of effects and exposure to evaluate the risk hypothesis 

are delineated, and initial data gaps and assumptions required to address them are identified. 

2.6.1. Conclusions from Previous Risk Assessments

Fluxapyroxad was first registered for use in the United States in 2012. An ecological risk 

assessment conducted in 2012 (DP Barcode 376883, March 2012) found that, based on EECs 

and the available ecotoxicity data, the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad resulted in chronic risk to 

mammals, including mammals that consume treated seed. Chronic risk to birds, reptiles, and 

terrestrial-phase amphibians could not be precluded with certainty because a statistically 

significant (p<0.05) effect on growth (albeit slight) was observed at all treatment levels in an 

avian reproduction study. Fluxapyroxad exposure based on maximum application rates could

result in adverse effects to listed species of dicotyledonous (dicot) terrestrial and semi-aquatic 

plants. Risks to listed dicot plants exceeded the Agency’s level of concern (LOC) for all foliar 

uses and for the highest seed treatment application rate (i.e., wheat and triticale). The potential 

for adverse effects on monocotyledonous (monocot) plants and on nonlisted dicot plants was 

considered low. The likelihood of acute mortality to mammals, birds, reptiles and terrestrialphase amphibians was considered low, as RQ values did not exceed the Agency’s LOC. 

A comparison of the available aquatic toxicity data with the relatively low EECs of fluxapyroxad 

in surface water demonstrated a low likelihood that the proposed uses would result in chronic 

effects in aquatic organisms. Similarly, the fluxapyroxad technical grade active ingredient 

(TGAI) was not expected to pose an acute risk to either freshwater or estuarine/marine fish or 

invertebrates. However, potential spray drift of fluxapyroxad co-formulated with pyraclostrobin 

did result in a risk of acute mortality to freshwater fish and aquatic invertebrates. In the absence 

of ecotoxicity data for estuarine/marine animals exposed to formulated fluxapyroxad, 

conclusions for freshwater species were assumed to apply. The increased toxicity of (and 

therefore risk from) the dual a.i. products for these taxa, when compared to fluxapyroxad TGAI

and single a.i. formulations, was consistent with the increased toxicity of pyraclostrobin relative 

to fluxapyroxad. The likelihood of adverse effects to aquatic sediment-dwelling (benthic)

invertebrates and aquatic plants was considered low as RQ values did not approach or exceed the 

Agency’s LOC.

2.6.2. Identification of Data Gaps and Uncertainties

In terms of environmental fate studies required to support the proposed new uses and products of 

fluxapyroxad, there are no data gaps for fluxapyroxad.

With respect to data requirements to support the assessment of ecological effects, acceptable 

chronic toxicity data for estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates in the water column have not 

been submitted. There is uncertainty regarding avian toxicity a definitive NOAEC was not 
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established in the avian reproduction study with bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). However, 

given the flat concentration-response in this case, EFED considers it unlikely that an additional 

study would yield a NOAEC that would allow risk to be precluded at the screening level. With 

respect to terrestrial plant toxicity, apparent adjuvant interference in a seedling emergence study 

reduces confidence in these toxicity endpoints. An ecological risk assessment conducted in 2012 

(DP Barcode 376883, March 2012) provides more detail on the guideline studies that were 

classified as either supplemental or invalid. Additional ecotoxicity data are not being requested 

at this time because such data would be unlikely to impact the screening level risk conclusions 

based on the currently proposed uses.

Two of the current fluxapyroxad end-use products (BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®] and BAS 703 02 

F [Priaxor®]) and two proposed for registration (BAS 7969-GLN [Lexicon] and Xemium 703) 

are co-formulated with pyraclostrobin and are similar in that respect to the registered fungicide 

product, Pristine. The Pristine product, contains the similarly structured, pyridine carboxamide 

fungicide boscalid (25.2%) as well aspyraclostrobin (12.8%). Previous risk assessments for 

boscalid (DP Barcodes D363523, D379809, D385653) have described uncertainties regarding 

potential effects of Pristine on development of honey bee brood, based on incident reports

(BASF 2008) and communications with beekeepers (personal communication)1

; however, 

studies have been submitted, for fluxapyroxad end-use products (MRID 48812702, under 

review) as well as Pristine (DP Barcode 408124), and reviewed by EFED to address these 

uncertainties.

2.6.3. Measures of Exposure

Screening-level assessments are intended to be protective of wildlife on a national level, as 

opposed to being regionally- or locally-specific. Maximum application rates are used to model 

EECs. Measures of exposure are based on aquatic and terrestrial models that calculate EECs 

using labeled application rates and methods. Exposure modeling assumes that the seed treatment 

use will not result in spray drift. Particulate drift, which may occur from abrasion of treated 

seeds during field application, is not assessed in screening-level exposure models. There are 

currently no monitoring data for fluxapyroxad in the environment.

In the conduct of this screening-level assessment, Tier I models are employed unless exposure 

concentrations indicate an exceedence of ecological levels of concern. Surface water EECs are 

calculated using the Generic Estimated Environmental Concentration (GENEEC, v. 2.0, 

8/1/2001) model. EECs for sediment-dwelling invertebrates and for drift only analyses are 

estimated using the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM v. 3.12.2, 5/15/05) and Exposure 

Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS v. 2.98.04.06, 4/25/05), coupled with the input shell pe5v0 

(11/15/06). The EFED Tier 1 Rice Model (v1.0, May 8, 2007) was used to estimate aquatic 

exposures for direct water applications that represent high exposure sites for rice use. The 

Terrestrial Residue Exposure Model (T-REX, version 1.4.1, 10/9/2008) is used to derive 

terrestrial EECs on food items (USEPA 2008) for terrestrial vertebrates. The TerrPlant model (v.

1.2.2, 12/26/2006) is used to derive runoff EECs for estimating exposures to terrestrial plants 

inhabiting dry and semi-aquatic areas (USEPA 2006b). As discussed in the ecological risk 

 1 Personal communication in 2011: B. Brandi, L. Sundberg, R. Olivaris, D. Cox, K. Ward; commercial beekeepers in California.
-Page 14 of 139-

assessment conducted in 2012, exposure estimates using the Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk 

(STIR, v. 1.0, 11/23/2010) and the Screening Imbibition Program (SIP, v. 1.0, 8/19/2010) 

indicated that inhalation and drinking water, respectively, were not expected to be significant 

routes of exposure for wildlife (DP Barcode 376883, March 2012). Exposure models are 

parameterized using relevant use and environmental fate data according to EFED input 

parameter guidance.

2.6.4. Measures of Effect

Measures of effect are obtained from a suite of registrant-submitted guideline studies which are 

conducted with a limited number of surrogate species. The test species are not intended to be 

representative of the most sensitive species but rather are selected based on their ability to thrive 

under laboratory conditions. For example, toxicity testing reported in this risk assessment 

utilizes surrogate species to represent all freshwater fish (>2000 species) and birds (>680 

species) identified in the U.S. Open literature searches are not conducted to identify data for 

potential use in this risk assessment because fluxapyroxad is a relatively new active ingredient.

The acute measures of effect used in this screening-level assessment include the median lethal 

dose (LD50), median lethal concentration (LC50), and the median effect concentration (EC50). 

These are measures of acute toxicity which result in 50% of the respective effect in tested 

organisms. The endpoints for chronic measures of effect are the No Observed Adverse Effects 

Concentration (NOAEC) and the No Observed Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL). Toxicity 

studies are submitted for freshwater fish and invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish and 

invertebrates, aquatic and terrestrial plants, birds, mammals and honey bees (Apis mellifera). 

The measurement endpoints used for risk characterization are derived from studies which 

underwent review and are classified as “acceptable” (conducted under guideline conditions and 

considered to be scientifically sound) or “supplemental” (conditions deviated from guidelines but 

the results are scientifically sound). 

2.6.5. Integration of Exposure and Effects

The exposure and toxicity effects data are integrated to evaluate the risks of adverse ecological 

effects on non-target species. For the screening-level assessment of fluxapyroxad, the 

deterministic, risk quotient (RQ) method is used to compare estimated exposure and measured 

toxicity values. The RQ method involves dividing EECs by acute and chronic toxicity values. 

The resulting RQs are then compared to the Agency’s LOCs (USEPA 2004a). These criteria are 

used to indicate if applications of fluxapyroxad, as directed on the label, have the potential to 

cause adverse effects to non-target organisms.

Although risk is often described in terms of the likelihood and magnitude of adverse effects, the 

risk quotient-based approach does not provide a quantitative estimate of likelihood or magnitude 

of an adverse effect, but rather provides a “yes” or “no” answer depending upon whether or not 

LOCs are exceeded. 
-Page 15 of 139-

3. Analysis

3.1. Use Characterization

Fluxapyroxad is a registered fungicide active ingredient (a.i.) included in multiple, formulated 

end-use products, and is proposed for on berries and small fruits, leafy vegetables, bulb 

vegetables, cucurbits, grapes, rice, root vegetables, sorghum and millet, strawberries, sugarcane, 

and tree nuts. It is also being proposed for foliar use on residential and commercial turf, golf 

course, and sod farms. Foliar applications can be made via aerial, ground, or chemigation 

equipment. Proposed seed treatments include uses on bulb vegetable, brassica, cucurbit, leafy 

vegetable, rapeseed, rice, and root vegetable seeds. Application of the fungicide to seeds can be 

accomplished through water-based slurry, using standard slurry or mist-type seed treatment 

application equipment. A review of the labels indicates that many of the new foliar uses have 

similar application rates and retreatment intervals. As such, these uses have been grouped for 

ease of exposure modeling. Proposed application rates and retreatment intervals for the groups 

considered in the modeling runs are provided in Table 3.1. For seeding applications, the highest, 

mean, and lowest equivalent application rates were used to provide a range of potential exposure 

concentrations. Equivalent application rates for seed applications expressed in terms of pounds 

of active ingredient per acre (lbs a.i./A) were developed using label information, provided in 

units of lbs a.i./100 lbs of seed, and seeding rates provided by the Office of Pesticide Programs’

Biological and Economic Analysis Division (Becker and Ratnayake 2011). Seeding rates are 

provided in Appendix A, Table 2.

Table 3.1. Fluxapyroxad application rates and retreatment intervals for proposed uses.

Use(s) App. 

Method

Max. 

Single 

App. Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

No. of 

Apps.

Per 

year1

Retreatment 

Interval 

(days)

PHI

(days)

Max. 

Annual App. 

Rate

(lbs a.i./

A/year)

Berries and small fruits, bulb 

vegetables, leafy vegetables (except 

Brassica), strawberries

Foliar 0.18 32 7 0-14 0.54

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, 

root vegetable Foliar 0.09 32 7 0-7 0.27

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Grapes Foliar 0.180.09

32

62

33

10 14 0.54

Rice Foliar 0.135 2 7 28 0.27

Sorghum and millet Foliar 0.09 2 33 21 0.18

Sugarcane Foliar 0.11 2 14 14 0.22

Tree nuts Foliar 0.11 3 7 14 0.33

Turf Foliar 0.23 NS 14 NS 0.80

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) Seed 0.19 1 NA NA 0.19

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) Seed 0.08 1 NA NA 0.08

Rapeseed (low rate) Seed 0.002 1 NA NA 0.002
-Page 16 of 139-

App. - Application. Max. - Maximum. N/A - Not applicable. No. – Number. PHI – Pre-harvest interval. 1 Maximum number of applications specified on label.

2 Label specifies no more than 2 consecutive applications before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of 

action.

3 The retreatment interval was not specified on the labels, so a default value of 3 was assumed. This was estimated 

as the minimum amount of time necessary to apply the pesticide, evaluate the effects of the application, and 

determine if subsequent applications are required.

3.2. Exposure Characterization

3.2.1. Environmental Fate and Transport

Table 3.2 summarizes the physicochemical and fate properties of fluxapyroxad. Fluxapyroxad is 

stable to abiotic routes of degradations (hydrolysis and soil/aqueous photolysis). Relative to 

biotic routes of degradation, fluxapyroxad degrades slowly under aerobic and anaerobic 

conditions in soil, with half-lives ranging from 213 to 1,827 days; however, these half-lives may 

in part reflect sorption of parent compound to soil rather than, or in addition to, 

biotransformation. Fluxapyroxad also degrades slowly under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 

in aquatic systems, with whole-system half-lives ranging from 420 to 731 days. In aerobic 

aquatic studies, fluxapyroxad partitioned to sediment, reaching levels greater than 50% of 

applied radioactivity between 3 and 7 days after treatment. Fluxapyroxad is not expected to 

volatilize (vapor pressure approximately 6.1 x 10-11 Torr at 25 ̊ C). 

Fluxapyroxad is classified as moderately to slightly mobile (FAO soil mobility classification) 

based on adsorption KOC values in two U.S. soils ranging from 725 to 1,200 mL/goc. Adsorption 

KOC values for six foreign soils were similar to these, ranging from 496 to 1,424 mL/goc. 

Freundlich soil partitioning coefficients (KF) for adsorption for the two U.S. soils ranged from 

2.5 to 8.6 mL/g (4.3 to 17.9 mL/g for foreign soils). Based on its mobility and persistence, 

fluxapyroxad has the potential, albeit low, to leach to ground water, particularly where high 

water tables are present, high rainfall/irrigation occurs, and where sandy soils with low organic 

matter exist. 

In terrestrial field dissipation studies conducted on bare soil at six locations throughout North 

America (MRIDs 47923695, 47923696, and 47923697), fluxapyroxad dissipated with DT50s 

ranging from 17 to 436 days, and was detected infrequently below the top 6 inches of soil. 

However, given fluxapyroxad’s persistence and mobility, the terrestrial field dissipation studies, 

which only lasted a maximum of 472 days, may not have been long enough to capture leaching 

over time. Another terrestrial field dissipation study (MRID 48809901) was conducted using 

both bare-ground and turf plots at a site in Georgia. Fluxapyroxad was applied three times (14 

day interval) to both plots at a target rate of 0.268 lb a.i/A/application. Dissipation DT50s were 

257 and 160 days for the bare soil and turf plots, respectively. 

An aquatic field dissipation study was conducted on rice in St. Landry Parish, Louisiana (dryseeded) and Tulare County, California (water-seeded) (MRID 48812602). Each test site 

consisted of two treated paddies, one non-cropped and one cropped. Fluxapyroxad was applied 

twice to each treated paddy (~7 day interval) at a target application rate of 0.089 lb 

a.i/A/application, which is less than the maximum rate specified on the proposed label of 0.135 

lb a.i./A/application. During the study, the treated paddies at each test site were flooded on two 
-Page 17 of 139-

occasions. Two applications occurred during the first period of flooding (nominal flood period 

July – October 2010). Following flood water release in late October, the paddies were flooded 

the following year, simulating a second rice growing season (nominal flood period May –

September 2011). The maximum concentration in the paddy water ranged from 29.2 to 157 μg/L

after the second application and decreased to 5.5-26 μg/L seven days after the second 

application. The maximum concentration in the top 3 inches of the sediment ranged from 32.3 to 

96.3 μg/kg and decreased to 5.3-31 μg/kg 365 days after the second application. Using the total 

mass measured in the soil/sediment and water (when flooded), total system DT50 values for 

fluxapyroxad ranged from 27 (CA) to 389 (LA) days in non-cropped plots and from 265 (LA) to 

409 (CA) days in cropped plots. All of the test sites, except for the California non-cropped site, 

had observed DT90 values beyond the length of the study (373 days). At the California noncropped site, the observed DT90 occurred approximately 180 days after the second application, 

the same day the paddy was flooded in 2011. These results indicate that fluxapyroxad is likely to 

carry over from one growing season to another in the sediments of rice paddies, irrespective of 

the release of flood waters.

A bioconcentration in fish (BCF) laboratory study involving bluegill sunfish (Lepomis 

macrochirus) (MRID 47923730) indicated that after 28 days of exposure to fluxapyroxad at 1.0 

and 10.0 μg a.i./L, whole fish BCF values (based on total radioactivity) were 86 and 93 μg/kgww per μg/L, respectively. Depuration of fluxapyroxad was relatively rapid, i.e., 90% 

depuration was 2.5 days. Therefore, fluxapyroxad is not expected to bioaccumulate.

Based on discussions with the ROCKS, only the parent compound is of concern for drinking 

water purposes (D390225, 7/14/2011). The ecological risk assessment only evaluates exposure 

and risk to the parent compound, fluxapyroxad, as exposure to the parent below the levels of 

concern should be protective of any exposure to the degradates. 

Table 3.2. Chemical properties and environmental fate parameters of fluxapyroxad.

Chemical Fate/Parameter Value Source

(MRID) Comments

IUPAC Name

3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-

(3',4',5'-trifluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-

yl)-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

Chemical Formula C18H12F5N3O

Chemical Structure

Molecular Mass (g/mol) 381.31

Vapor Pressure (25°C) (Torr) 6.1 x 10-11 47923505 Not expected to

volatilize

Solubility (20°C) (ppm) 3.44 (pH 7) 47923509

Octanol-water partition 

coefficient (Kow) 1,288 (log Kow = 3.11) 47923511

Dissociation constant (pKa) 12.58 47923514

Hydrolysis half-life 

(pHs 5,7,9; 25 °C)

No evidence of degradation at all 

three pHs

48409101
-Page 18 of 139-

Chemical Fate/Parameter Value Source

(MRID) Comments

Aqueous photolysis half-life No evidence of degradation 47923513

Soil photolysis half-life No evidence of degradation 47923690

Aerobic soil metabolism halflife; soil texture

213 days (NJ, loam)1

1,827 days (ID, sandy loam) 2

676 days (IL, loam) 2

387 days (WI, loamy sand) 2

47923684 No observed 

correlation between 

half-lives and 

individual soil 

properties.

729 days (CA, sandy loam)2

295 days (GA, sandy loam) 2,3

345 days (IN, loam) 2,3

238 days (NC, sandy loam) 2,3

47923691

Anaerobic soil metabolism 

half-life; soil texture 591 days (NJ, loam) 2 47923688

Aerobic aquatic metabolism 

half-life 

420 days (silt loam) 2

701 days (sand) 2 47923713 Partitioned mainly to sediments

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 

half-life 731 days 47923714 Supplemental

Range of Freundlich soil 

partition coefficients (KF, 

mL/g) for adsorption; 

8.6 (NJ, silt loam)

2.5 (CA, sandy loam)

6.8 (Germany, loamy sand)

4.2 (Germany, sand)

5.7 (Germany, loamy sand)

12.3 (Spain, silty clay)

18.3 (Germany, clay silt)

14.0 (Japan, sandy silt)

47923707

Six foreign soils 

found to be 

representative of 

agricultural areas 

where the pesticide 

will be used.

Range of organic carbon 

partition coefficients (K oc, 

mL/goc)

1,195 (NJ, silt loam)

725 (CA, sandy loam)

981 (Germany, loamy sand)

978 (Germany, sand)

827 (Germany, loamy sand)

496 (Spain, silty clay)

1,424 (Germany, clay silt)

819 (Japan, sandy silt)

47923707

Six foreign soils 

found to be 

representative of 

agricultural areas 

where the pesticide 

will be used.

Terrestrial field dissipation 

DT50s

76 days (MB4, clay loam)

16.7 days (TX, clay loam)5

120 days (IL, silt loam)

332 days (NY, sandy loam)

314 days (CA, sandy loam)

436 days (WI, sand)

257 days (GA, loamy sand)

160 days (GA, turf)

47923695

47923696

47923697

48809901

All applications 

were to bare ground, 

except 48809901, 

where bare ground 

and turf were 

assessed.

Aquatic field dissipation DT50s

27 days (CA non-cropped)

409 days (CA cropped)

389 days (LA non-cropped)

265 days (LA cropped)

48812602

Not conducted at 

max label rate of 

133 g 

a.i./ha/application

Bioconcentration factor 86-93(whole fish) 47923730 1 The half-life presented is from a SFO fit of the data. 2 Half-lives extrapolated beyond length of studies (368 days for MRID 47923684, 120 days for MRID 47923691, 

123 days for MRID 47923688, 100 days for MRID 47923713, and 365 days for MRID 47923714). 3 These estimates are based on the SFO model. However using the interim EFED kinetics modeling guidance, SFO 

is not the best model of degradation in these studies. Representative half-lives based on alternative models are as 

high as 613 (GA), 2,580 (IN), and 1,561 (NC) days. 4 MB – Manitoba, Canada
-Page 19 of 139-

5 Dissipation half-life was calculated using an nth order model (IORE). Using current EFED kinetics guidance, not 

available at the time of this estimation, suggests that a longer half-life of 117 days may be more appropriate.

3.2.2. Aquatic Exposure

In the conduct of this screening-level assessment, GENEEC was used to calculate aquatic 

estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) for fluxapyroxad. If aquatic EECs exceeded

ecological levels of concern, as was the case for applications to turf, more refined Tier 2 

modeling (PRZM/EXAMS) was employed. EECs for fluxapyroxad in surface water were 

generated based on maximum labeled use rates (Table 3.1) and fate input parameters (Table 

3.3), developed using current EFED Input Parameter Guidance (USEPA, 2009). Although the 

labels specify that, for multiple applications of fluxapyroxad, no more than two applications 

should be made consecutively before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action, 

GENEEC does not have the capability to model multiple applications with varying retreatment 

intervals. For scenarios where three or four applications of fluxapyroxad could be made, the 

applications were conservatively modeled as consecutive applications. A soil incorporation 

depth of 0 inches was assumed, as fluxapyroxad can be applied on a variety of seeds, with 

varying planting depths, and no incorporation provides conservative exposure estimates for 

transport in runoff. For fluxapyroxad applications to turf, the PRZM/EXAMS Pennsylvania 

(PA) Turf scenario was used, as it provided the most conservative EECs. An application date of 

4/15 was selected, based on logic discussed below for the drift-only assessment for formulated 

products. EECs derived using the Tier I Rice model are further described in EFED’s drinking 

water assessment for this action (DP Barcode 403944, 3/15/2013). 

Table 3.3. Input parameters used in surface water exposure modeling (GENEEC and PRZM/EXAMS).

Variable Name Data Value

Data Source

MRID(s) Comment

Application Method Aerial (foliar treatment), 

granular (seed treatment)

Proposed 

labels

Application Rate (lbs. 

ai/acre) See Table 3.1 Proposed labels

Application Frequency See Table 3.1 Proposed 

labels

Application Interval 

(days) See Table 3.1 Proposed labels

Incorporation depth (in) 0 -- Assumed no 

incorporation 

Koc 931 mL/goc 47923707 Mean of eight values1

Aerobic Soil Metabolism t1/2 = 857 days 47923684,

47923691

90th percentile on 

mean (589 days) of 8 

values1

Solubility 3.44 ppm 47923509

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism t1/2 = 993 days 47923713

90th percentile on 

mean (561 days) of 2 

values1

Photolysis t1/2 = stable 47923513

1 EFED input parameter guidance is located at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm
-Page 20 of 139-

To estimate exposure to sediment-dwelling invertebrates and drift-only exposure to formulated 

products, EECs were developed using PRZM/EXAMS, as the GENEEC model does not estimate 

concentrations in pore water, or as the result of drift-only (i.e., no runoff). The same fate 

parameters used in the above mentioned aquatic exposure modeling were used (Table 3.3). 

Drift-only estimates were derived for foliar applications alone, as seed applications do not result 

in spray drift issues. The application efficiency was set to zero and the spray drift fraction was 

set to 0.05, to simulate an aerial application resulting in drift-only contributions. The chemical 

application method (CAM) was set to 2, indicating interception by the crop canopy, though the 

pesticide application after harvest was treated as soil surface deposition. Use of PRZM and 

EXAMS requires specification of the first application date and the use of crop-specific scenarios. 

Relevant inputs are provided in Table 3.4. The date of the first application was determined 

considering a variety of factors. Initially the labels were consulted. For example, for grapes, the 

labels indicate to apply fluxapyroxad “during budbreak” or “before prebloom”. However, in 

most instances, the labels indicate that one is to apply fluxapyroxad “prior to onset of disease 

development.” In these cases, as fluxapyroxad is a fungicide designed to attack diseases which 

affect the leaf, dates when leaves begin to appear were then considered. For most crops this was 

assumed to occur approximately 14 days after emergence. However, if the date of emergence 

was listed as occurring on January 1st, the first day of the spring was then used, as most fungi 

thrive in moist, humid conditions. Although the new labels indicate that the fluxapyroxad 

products are not registered for use in California (CA), the CA PRZM/EXAMS scenarios were 

used to as surrogate scenarios for other parts of the country. For the CA scenarios, the first day 

of spring was used as the day of application, since the date of emergence for these scenarios 

occurred in early January. A list of the scenarios modeled is provided in Table 3.4. The 

scenarios with the maximum EECs in each category are highlighted in bold. The selected cropspecific scenarios are standard Agency-developed scenarios. 

Table 3.4. Application scenarios and start dates for PRZM/EXAMS modeling.

Use(s) PRZM/EXAMS Scenario Emergence 

date

Date of first 

application

Berries and small fruits ORberriesOP 4/1 4/151

Brassica leafy vegetables CAcolecropRLF 1/1 3/212

Bulb vegetables

CAGarlicRLF

CAonion_WirrigSTD

GAOnion_WirrigSTD

10/30

1/16

9/15

11/131

1/301

9/291

Cucurbits

CArowcropRLF

CAmelonsRLF

FLcucumber

MImelonSTD

MOmelonSTD

NJmelonSTD

1/1

5/16

10/16

4/30

4/10

5/1

3/212

5/301

10/301

5/141

4/241

5/151

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Grapes

CAgrapes_WirrigSTD

CAWinegrapesRLF

NYGrapesSTD

2/1

3/1

6/1

2/13

3/13

6/13

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) CAlettuceSTD

FLcabbageSTD

2/16

10/16

3/21

10/301
-Page 21 of 139- 

Use(s) PRZM/EXAMS Scenario Emergence 

date 

Date of first 

application 

Root vegetable 

CAPotatoRLF 

FLcarrotSTD 

IDNpotato_WirrigSTD 

MEpotatoSTD 

NCSweetPotatoSTD 

2/16 

10/16 

6/1 

6/1 

5/15 

3/21

10/301

6/151

6/151

5/291

Sorghum and millet KSsorghumSTD 5/20 6/31

Strawberries CAstrawberry-nplasticRLF 

FLstrawberry_WirrigSTD 

1/1 

10/1 

3/212

10/151

Sugarcane FLsugarcaneSTD 

LAsugarcaneSTD

1/1 

1/1 

3/212

3/212

Tree nuts 

CAalmond_WirrigSTD 

GApecansSTD 

ORfilbertsSTD 

1/16 

4/16 

3/1 

1/301

4/301

3/151

Turf 

CATurfRLF 

FLturfSTD 

PATurfSTD 

1/1 

2/1 

4/1 

3/212

2/151

4/151

Bold values indicate scenarios which generated the highest surface water EECs. 1

Assumed first application occurs 14 days after emergence. 

2

Assumed first application occurs on first day of spring. 

3

Based on label conditions. 

The EECs in Table 3.5 reflect the 1-in-10 year peak, 4-day, 21-day, 60-day, and 90-day surface 

water concentrations. Model runs using ground and airblast applications were also conducted, 

but resulted in EECs that were lower than those for aerial applications. The EECs in Table 3.6

reflect the 1-in-10 year peak and 4-day surface water concentrations resulting from drift only. 

For estimates to sediment-dwelling invertebrates, the turf scenario was run, as it generated the 

highest peak surface water EECs in the GENEEC and PRZM/EXAMS (results not shown) runs. 

For rice applications, the Tier I model only provides estimates for the water column 

concentration. In lieu of using the water column concentration to estimate sediment 

concentrations, the maximum sediment concentration from the submitted aquatic field 

dissipation study (MRID 48812602) scaled to the maximum label application rate (96.3 μg/kg x 

(2x0.135)/(2x0.089) = 146 μg/kg) was used to estimate exposure to sediment-dwelling 

invertebrates in rice paddies. The sediment pore water acute EEC for the turf scenario was 12.8 

μg/L. This estimate was converted to units of μg/kg dry sediment by using the pore water/water 

column concentrations, the sediment Koc (931 L/kgoc, Table 3.3), and the equilibrium 

partitioning model, depicted in Equation 1, to yield a concentration of 481 μg/kg dry sediment 

for turf (USEPA, 2008a). Default values and the equation for Kbiota were obtained from 

supporting documents from the FIFRA SAP in 2004 for Refined (Level II) Terrestrial and 

Aquatic Models (USEPA, 2004b). 

ܥ௦௘ௗିௗ௪ ൌ ஼೛ೢ ௫ ଵ଴଴଴௅/௠య ௫ ሺ௠ೞ೐೏ ௫ ௙೚೎ ௫ ௄೚೎ା ௠್೔೚೟ೌ ௫ ௄್೔೚೟ೌା ௠ವೀ಴ ௫ ௄ವೀ಴ା ௏೛ೢሻ

௠ೞ೐೏

 (1) 

Where 
-Page 22 of 139-

Csed-dw concentration of pesticide in sediment on dry weight basis (mg ai/kg 

sediment, dry weight)

Cpw concentration of pesticide dissolved in pore water (mg ai/L)

msed mass of sediment (assumed to be 675,200 kg, USEPA, 2004b)

foc fraction of organic carbon in sediment (assumed to be 0.04, USEPA, 

2004b)

Koc organic carbon normalized solid water distribution coefficient (m3/kgoc)

mbiota mass of biota in benthic compartment (assumed to be 0.06 kg, USEPA, 

2004b)

Kbiota biota-water partition coefficient (0.436 x [Koc/0.35]0.907)(m3/kg)

mDOC mass of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in benthic compartment 

(assumed to be 1.249 kg)

KDOC DOC-water partition coefficient (assumed equal to Koc, m3

/kgoc)

Vpw volume of pore water (assumed equal to 249.8 m3, USEPA, 2004b)

Table 3.5. Surface water EECs of fluxapyroxad (GENEEC, Tier I Rice model, and PRZM/EXAMS).

Use(s)

Application Rate 

(lbs a.i./A), 

Number of apps, 

RTI

EECs (μg/L)

Peak 4 day 21 day 60 day 90 day

Berries and small fruits, bulb 

vegetables, leafy vegetables (except 

Brassica), strawberries

0.18 x 3, 7 days 15.2 15.1 14.7 13.9 13.4

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, 

root vegetable 0.09 x 3, 7 days 7.59 7.56 7.37 6.97 6.69

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Grapes

0.18 x 3, 3 days

0.09 x 6, 10 days

15.2

15.0

15.2

14.9

14.8

14.6

14.0

13.8

13.4

13.2

Rice1 0.135 x 2, 7 days 127 127 127 127 127

Sorghum and millet 0.09 x 2, 3 days 5.08 5.06 4.93 4.67 4.48

Sugarcane 0.11 x 2, 14 days 6.18 6.16 6.01 5.68 5.45

Tree nuts 0.11 x 3, 7 days 9.27 9.24 9.01 8.52 8.18

Turf2 0.23 x 4, 14 days 14.4 14.2 13.7 13.3 13.2

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) 0.19 x 1 4.25 4.23 4.12 3.88 3.72

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) 0.08 x 1 1.79 1.78 1.73 1.64 1.57

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.002 x 1 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04

RTI – retreatment interval

1. Values derived using Tier I rice model. Assumes 5% loss due to spray drift.

2. EECs estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. Fourth application conducted at 0.11 lbs a.i./A to meet annual label 

requirement of 0.8 lbs a.i./A/yr.
-Page 23 of 139-

Table 3.6. EECs from spray drift only following fluxpyroxad applications (PRZM/EXAMS).

Use(s)

EECs (μg/L)

Peak 4 day

Berries and small fruits 3.75 3.70

Brassica leafy vegetables 1.70 1.68

Bulb vegetables 6.10 6.06

Cucurbits 2.40 2.38

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Grapes

6.50

6.16

6.45

6.13

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 4.01 3.97

Root vegetable 3.43 3.41

Sorghum and millet 0.87 0.85

Strawberries 3.29 3.25

Sugarcane 0.68 0.67

Tree nuts 2.16 2.14

Turf 8.71 8.65

3.2.3. Terrestrial Exposure

The proposed application of fluxapyroxad to crops has the potential to reach non-target terrestrial 

organisms via spray drift and runoff (for plants). Non-target terrestrial organisms may also be 

exposed to fluxapyroxad via treated seeds. For terrestrial animals, T-REX (Version 1.5.1) is 

used to calculate dietary- and dose-based EECs of fluxapyroxad for mammals and birds feeding 

on the site of application. Input values for T-REX include the maximum single application rates, 

number of applications, and retreatment interval for a given use and are located in Table 3.1. In 

this assessment, EFED uses a default foliar dissipation half-life of 35 days as an input for 

terrestrial exposure modeling in T-REX. The default value is generally consistent with 

information from residue decline studies submitted by the registrant and reviewed by HED 

[Global Joint Review Monograph B.7.6 Residues resulting from supervised trials (Annex IIA 

6.3; Annex IIIA 8.3), 2011]. Although half-lives were not calculated, supervised field trials with 

legume vegetables, sunflower, canola, and sugar beets show that mean residues of fluxapyroxad 

declined by approximately half in the three-to-four weeks (21 to 28 days) following application. 

Fluxapyroxad was more persistent on cereal crops, including rice, barley, and wheat; residues in 

these matrices declined only slightly or remained the same for the duration of the trial (30 days). 

Therefore, the default foliar dissipation value of 35 days may underestimate persistence in some 

crops.

Upper-bound Kenega nomogram values based on Hoerger and Kenega (1972) as modified by 

Fletcher et al. (1994) are used to derive EECs for fluxapyroxad exposures to terrestrial mammals 

and birds based on dietary- and dose-based exposures from foliar applications of fluxapyroxad

(Table 3.7). A one-year time period is simulated. Consideration is given to different types of 

feeding strategies for mammals and birds, including herbivores, insectivores and granivores. For 
-Page 24 of 139-

dose-based exposures, three weight classes of mammals (15, 35, and 1000 g) and birds (20, 100, 

and 1000 g) are considered (Appendix C). T-REX is also used to calculate dose-based EECs of 

fluxapyroxad for birds and mammals that consume treated seeds. Seeding rates (Becker and 

Ratnayake 2011) and the maximum application rate according to the proposed label are used to 

calculate dose-based EECs (USEPA 2008b) and the mass of fluxapyroxad per unit area (mg 

a.i./ft2) available for consumption by birds and mammals (Table 3.8). 
-Page 25 of 139-

Table 3.7. Terrestrial EECs as food residues for animals exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the proposed foliar uses.

Food Type

Dietary-based

(mg/kg diet)

(mammals and birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(mammals)

All Size Classes Small

(20 g)

Medium

(100 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Small

(15 g)

Medium

(35 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables (except Brassica), strawberries; 0.18 lbs a.i./A; 3 applications; 7-day interval

Short grass 114 129 73.7 33.0 108 74.8 17.4

Tall grass 52.0 59.3 33.8 15.1 49.6 34.3 7.95

Broadleaf plants/small insects 63.9 72.7 41.5 18.6 60.9 42.1 9.76

Fruits/pods/large insects 7.10 8.08 4.61 2.06 6.77 4.68 1.08

Seeds (granivore) N/A 1.80 1.02 0.46 1.50 1.04 0.24

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, root vegetable; 0.09 lbs a.i./A; 3 applications; 7-day interval

Short grass 56.8 64.7 36.9 16.5 54.1 37.4 8.67

Tall grass 26.0 29.6 16.9 7.57 24.8 17.2 3.98

Broadleaf plants/small insects 31.9 36.4 20.7 9.29 30.5 21.0 4.88

Fruits/pods/large insects 3.55 4.04 2.30 1.03 3.38 2.34 0.54

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.9 0.51 0.23 0.75 0.52 0.12

Grapes (Botrytis disease); 0.18 lbs a.i./A; 3 applications; 3-day interval

Short grass 122 139 79.4 35.6 116 80.6 18.7

Tall grass 56.0 63.8 36.4 16.3 53.4 36.9 8.56

Broadleaf plants/small insects 68.8 78.3 44.7 20.0 65.6 45.3 10.5

Fruits/pods/large insects 7.64 8.70 4.96 2.22 7.29 5.04 1.17

Seeds (granivore) N/A 1.93 1.10 0.49 1.62 1.12 0.26

Grapes; 0.09 lbs a.i./A; 6 applications; 10-day interval

Short grass 83.6 95.2 54.3 24.3 79.7 55.1 12.8

Tall grass 38.3 43.6 24.9 11.1 36.5 25.2 5.85

Broadleaf plants/small insects 47.0 53.6 30.5 13.7 44.8 31.0 7.18

Fruits/pods/large insects 5.22 5.95 3.39 1.52 4.98 3.44 0.80

Seeds (granivore) N/A 1.32 0.75 0.34 1.11 0.76 0.18

Sorghum and millet; 0.09 lbs a.i./A; 2 applications; 3-day interval

Short grass 42.0 47.8 27.3 12.2 40.0 27.7 6.41

Tall grass 19.2 21.9 12.5 5.59 18.3 12.7 2.94

Broadleaf plants/small insects 23.6 26.9 15.3 6.86 22.5 15.6 3.61

Fruits/pods/large insects 2.62 2.99 1.70 0.76 2.50 1.73 0.40

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.66 0.38 0.17 0.56 0.38 0.09

Sugarcane; 0.11 lbs a.i./A; 2 applications; 14-day interval

Short grass 46.4 52.9 30.1 13.5 44.3 30.6 7.09

Tall grass 21.3 24.2 13.8 6.18 20.3 14.0 3.25
-Page 26 of 139-

Food Type

Dietary-based

(mg/kg diet)

(mammals and birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(mammals)

All Size Classes Small

(20 g)

Medium

(100 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Small

(15 g)

Medium

(35 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Broadleaf plants/small insects 26.1 29.7 17.0 7.59 24.9 17.2 3.99

Fruits/pods/large insects 2.90 3.30 1.88 0.84 2.77 1.91 0.44

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.73 0.42 0.19 0.61 0.42 0.10

Tree nuts; 0.11 lbs a.i./A; 3 applications; 7-day interval

Short grass 69.4 79.0 45.1 20.2 66.2 45.7 10.6

Tall grass 31.8 36.2 20.7 9.25 30.3 21.0 4.86

Broadleaf plants/small insects 39.0 44.5 25.4 11.4 37.2 25.7 5.96

Fruits/pods/large insects 4.34 4.94 2.82 1.26 4.13 2.86 0.66

Seeds (granivore) N/A 1.10 0.63 0.28 0.92 0.64 0.15

Turf1; 0.23 lbs a.i./A; 4 applications; 14-day interval

Short grass 97.0 111 63.0 28.2 92.5 63.9 14.8

Tall grass 44.5 50.7 28.9 12.9 42.4 29.3 6.79

Broadleaf plants/small insects 54.6 62.2 35.5 15.9 52.0 36.0 8.34

Fruits/pods/large insects 6.06 6.91 3.94 1.76 5.78 4.00 0.93

Seeds (granivore) N/A 1.53 0.88 0.39 1.28 0.89 0.21 N/A Not applicable.

1. Fourth application made at 0.11 lbs a.i./A for a total annual application rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A/year. TREX v 1.5.1 was used, using the varying rates mode.

Table 3.8. Terrestrial dose-based EECs for the range of seed treatment uses proposed for fluxapyroxad.

Use(s)

App Rate

(lbs a.i./100 lbs 

seed)

Seeding Rate1

(lbs seed/A)

App Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

Seed

App Rate 

(mg a.i./

kg seed)

Dose-Based EEC

(mg a.i./kg-bw/day)

Spatial EEC

(available a.i. per 

unit area) 

(mg a.i. /ft2) Birds Mammals

Bulb vegetable seed 

(high rate) 0.25 75 0.19 2500 633 530 1.96

Leafy vegetable seed

(medium rate) 0.2 40 0.08 2000 506 424 0.83

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.02 8.2 0.002 200 50.6 42.4 0.06

Abbreviations: App Application. cwt Hundred weight (100 lbs seed). 1

Reference: Becker and Ratnayake (2011).
-Page 27 of 139-

TerrPlant (Appendix D) is used to calculate EECs for non-target plants that inhabit dry and 

semi-aquatic areas. In this assessment, exposure to non-target plants is calculated based on the 

potential runoff and spray drift of foliar applications of fluxapyroxad, and potential runoff after 

seed treatment application (Table 3.9). Potential exposure resulting from spray drift is not 

calculated for seed treatment applications because any spray drift of fluxapyroxad associated 

with the seed treatment use is expected to be negligible. TerrPlant does not account for 

particulate drift that may result from the abrasion of treated seed coatings during planting.

Table 3.9. EECs for non-target terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants based on proposed uses of fluxapyroxad 

(TerrPlant).

Use(s) Application 

Technique

Single Max. 

App. Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

EECs (lbs a.i./A)

Semi-Aquatic 

Areas (Total)

Spray 

Drift 

Dry 

Areas 

(Total)

Turf Foliar 0.23 0.0345 0.0115 0.0138

Berries and small fruits

Foliar 0.18 0.027 0.009 0.0108

Bulb vegetables

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica)

Strawberries

Sugarcane

Foliar 0.11 0.0165 0.0055 0.0066

Tree nuts

Brassica leafy vegetables

Foliar 0.09 0.0135 0.0045 0.0054

Cucurbits

Grapes

Root vegetable

Sorghum and millet

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) Seed 0.19 0.019 N/A 0.0019

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) Seed 0.08 0.008 N/A 0.0008

Rapeseed (low rate) Seed 0.002 0.0002 N/A 0.00002

App. - Application. Max. - Maximum. N/A - Not applicable.
-Page 28 of 139-

3.3 Ecological Effects Characterization

3.3.1 Ecotoxicity Data

Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for the proposed new uses of 

fluxapyroxad are shown in Table 3.10 through Table 3.17. In the current risk assessment, the 

most sensitive endpoints available from registrant-submitted toxicity studies classified as 

acceptable or supplemental are the endpoints selected for quantitative use in risk estimation. A 

complete discussion of the submitted toxicity data for fluxapyroxad is provided in USEPA 2012 

(DP Barcode 376883, March 2012). 

3.3.1.1. Aquatic Organisms

The following is a brief discussion of the selected toxicity endpoints that will be used for risk 

estimation.

Acute toxicity endpoints for fish and aquatic invertebrates are summarized in Table 3.10. Based 

on the available data, fluxapyroxad is highly toxic to freshwater fish on an acute exposure basis; 

the most sensitive species tested was the common (carp, Cyprinus carpio) on an acute exposure 

basis. Fluxapyroxad is moderatetely toxic to freshwater invertebrates and estuarine/marine fish 

on an acute exposure basis. While fluxapyroxad is moderately toxic to estuarine/marine 

crustaceans, it is highly toxic to estuarine/marine molluscs on an acute exposure basis.

Toxicity testing using formulated product on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) indicated that 

two of the formulations containing fluxapyroxad as the sole active ingredient (Imbrex and 

Sercadis) have toxicity values relatively similar to that of the TGAI (LC50=0.61 mg ai/L). 

However, the Merivon (LC50=0.0074 mg ai/L) and Priaxor (LC50=0.0045 mg ai/L) 

formulations.which are both co-formulated with pyraclostrobin are two orders of magnitude 

more toxic and are classified as very highly toxic to freshwater fish on an acute exposure basis.

The fluxapyroxad TGAI is moderately toxic to freshwater invertebrates (water flea, Daphnia 

magna), and formulated fluxapyroxad ranges from slightly toxic (BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis]) to 

very highly toxic (BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]) to freshwater invertebrates, on an acute exposure 

basis. The fluxapyroxad TGAI is at least moderately toxic to estuarine/marine fish (sheepshead 

minnow, Cyprinidon variegatus) and invertebrates (mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia) based 

on acute mortality and is highly toxic to estuarine/marine molluscs (Eastern oyster, Crassostrea 

virginica), based on reductions in shell growth during acute exposure.

Chronic toxicity endpoints for fish and aquatic invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad are 

summarized in Table 3.11. Chronic toxicity has been demonstrated for freshwater fish based on 

reduced growth (body length) of juvenile fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) in an early life 

stage toxicity test. An acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR=0.077), based on the submitted acute

(LC50=0.47 mg ai/L) and chronic toxicity data (NOAEC=0.036 mg ai/L) for fathead minnow, is 

used in this assessment to calculate a NOAEC value for use in risk estimation because chronic 

toxicity data were not submitted for the freshwater fish species (common carp) most sensitive to 

acute exposure to fluxapyroxad. The calculations for the ACR and the calculated NOAEC value 
-Page 29 of 139-

for carp are detailed in the footnotes to Table 3.11. Similar to the fathead minnow, chronic 

exposure of freshwater invertebrates (D. magna) to fluxapyroxad resulted in reduced growth

(length) of parental daphnids and reduced reproduction in terms of the number of offspring per 

female daphnid. The chronic NOAEC values for freshwater fish and invertebrates were 

approximately an order of magnitude lower than the acute toxicity values (LC50 or EC50) for the 

same species exposed to the TGAI. Acceptable chronic toxicity data for estuarine/marine fish 

and invertebrates in the water column have not been submitted.

Sediment toxicity data for fluxapyroxad are summarized in Table 3.12. Spiked sediment 

toxicity tests with the fluxapyroxad TGAI inhibited growth (reduced dry weight) and survival in 

separate 10-day studies with the freshwater amphipod (Hyalella azteca NOAEC=67 mg ai/L) 

and the estuarine/marine amphipod (Leptocheirus plumulosus NOAEC=27 mg ai/L), 

respectively. 

Toxicity endpoints for aquatic plants exposed to fluxapyroxad and its formulations are shown in 

Table 3.13. Based on the submitted studies, nonvascular plants are slightly more sensitive to 

fluxapyroxad exposure than the vascular plant (duckweed, Lemna gibba). The green alga

(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was the most sensitive nonvascular plant species tested and 

was most sensitive to fluxapyroxad co-formulated with pyraclostrobin (BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]), 

followed by the TGAI.
-Page 30 of 139-

Table 3.10. Acute toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for fish and aquatic invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad in the 

water column.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints1,2

(mg a.i./L)

Toxicity Classification 

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Acute toxicity to freshwater fish

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LC50 = 0.47

95% CI = 0.39 – 0.58

Highly toxic

(47923816)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 700 04 F)

[Sercadis]

LC50 = 0.66

95% CI = 0.28 –1.3

Highly toxic

(47924113)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 703 01 F)

[Merivon]

LC50 = 0.0074

95% CI = 0.0051 – 0.011

Very highly toxic

(47924212)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 703 02 F)

[Priaxor]

LC50 = 0.0045

95% CI = 0.0031 – 0.0064

Very highly toxic

(47924314)

(Acceptable)

Carp

(Cyprinus carpio) TGAI LC50 = 0.29

95% CI = 0.27 – 0.33

Highly toxic

(47923725)

(Acceptable)

Acute toxicity to freshwater 

invertebrates

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

TGAI EC50 = 5.1

95% CI = 4.8 – 5.5

Moderately toxic

(47923731)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

EC50 = 0.68

95% CI = 0.48 – 0.96

Highly toxic

(47923817)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 700 04 F)

[Sercadis]

EC50 = 28

95% CI = not determined

Slightly toxic

(47924114)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 703 01 F)

[Merivon]

EC50 = 0.016

95% CI = 0.014 – 0.019

Very highly toxic

(47924213)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 703 02 F)

[Priaxor]

EC50 = 0.0083

95% CI = 0.0075 – 0.0093

Probit slope = 9.1 (95% CI = 5.7 – 13)

Very highly toxic

(47924315)

(Supplemental)
-Page 31 of 139-

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints1,2

(mg a.i./L)

Toxicity Classification 

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine fish

Sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinidon variegatus) TGAI LC50 = 1.3

95% CI = 0.72 – 2.8

Moderately toxic

(47923763)

(Acceptable)

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine crustaceans

Mysid shrimp

(Americamysis bahia) TGAI EC50 = 3.6

95% CI = 2.9 – 4.5

Moderately toxic

(47923761)

(Acceptable)

Toxicity to estuarine/marine 

molluscs – shell deposition

Eastern oyster

(Crassostrea virginica) TGAI IC50 = 0.96

95% CI = 0.08 – 1.13

Highly toxic

(47923762)

(Acceptable) 1

 Bolded values are used in risk estimation. 2

 For studies where concentration-response slope data are not available, the default value of 4.5 (with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.0 and 9.0) is used to 

derive the probability of an individual effect (Urban and Cook 1986).
-Page 32 of 139-

Table 3.11. Chronic toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for fish and aquatic invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad in the 

water column.

Study Type Species Test Material NOAEC & LOAEC1

(mg a.i./L)

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Early life stage toxicity to 

freshwater fish

Fathead minnow

(Pimephales promelas) TGAI 0.036 & 0.068

Reduced length

(47923729)

(Supplemental)

Carp

(Cyprinus carpio) TGAI 0.022 & 0.0422

ACR2 based on fathead minnow 

(47923724 and 47923729) 

(N/A)

Chronic toxicity to freshwater 

invertebrates

Waterflea

(Daphnia magna) TGAI 0.46 & 0.95

Reduced number of young, reduced 

parental length (47923736)

(Acceptable) 1

 Bolded values are used in risk estimation. 2

 0.036 mg a.i./L / LC50 = 0.47 mg a.i./L = acute to chronic ratio (ACR) 0.077 * 0.29 mg a.i./L = 0.022 mg a.i./L NOAEC

 0.068 mg a.i./L / LC50 = 0.47 mg a.i./L = ACR 0.145 * 0.29 mg a.i./L = 0.042 mg a.i./L LOAEC

Table 3.12 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad in the sediment compartment.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints1,2

(mg a.i./kg dry sediment)

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

10-day sediment toxicity to 

freshwater invertebrates

Freshwater amphipod

(Hyalella azteca) TGAI

EC50 > 973

NOAEC = 67

LOAEC = 113

Dry weight

(47923744)

(Supplemental)

10-day sediment toxicity to 

estuarine/marine crustaceans

Estuarine/marine amphipod

(Leptocheirus plumulosus) TGAI

EC50 = 121

95% CI = 103 – 146

Probit slope = 2.03 (1.66 -- 2.40)

NOAEC = 27

LOAEC = 57

Survival

(47923745)

(Supplemental)

1

 Bolded values are used in risk estimation. 2

 For studies where concentration-response slope data are not available, the default value of 4.5 (with 95% confidence intervals of 2.0 and 9.0) is used to derive 

the probability of an individual effect (Urban and Cook 1986).
-Page 33 of 139-

Table 3.13 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for aquatic plants exposed to fluxapyroxad in the water column.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints1

(mg a.i./L)

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Toxicity to vascular aquatic 

plants

Duckweed

(Lemna gibba) TGAI

EC50 = 2.4

95% CI = 2.2 – 2.5

NOAEC = 0.44

Yield (frond number)

(47923747)

(Acceptable)

Toxicity to nonvascular aquatic 

plants

Green alga

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

TGAI

EC50 = 0.37

95% CI = 0.35 – 0.38

NOAEC = 0.15

Yield (cell density)

(47923737)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 703 02 F)

[Priaxor]

EC50 = 0.12

95% C.I. = 0.099-0.14

NOAEC = 0.014

Cell density

(47924316)

(Supplemental) 1

 Bolded values are used in risk estimation.
-Page 34 of 139-

3.3.1.2. Terrestrial Organisms

The following is a brief discussion of the selected toxicity endpoints that will be used for risk 

estimation.

Acute toxicity data for birds, mammals, honey bees, and earthworms exposed to fluxapyroxad 

are summarized in Table 3.14. Based on the available data, fluxapyroxad is practically nontoxic to birds (bobwhite quail, Colinus virginianus; mallard duck, Anas platyrynchos; and zebra 

finch, Taeniopygia guttata) on an acute oral exposure basis and ranges from slightly to 

practically nontoxic to birds on a subacute dietary exposure basis. A 10% reduction in feed 

consumption was observed in female zebra finches exposed to fluxapyroxad at 2000 mg/kg bw. 

Dose-responsive mortality was observed at all but the lowest test concentration (313 mg a.i./kg 

diet) in a subacute dietary exposure study with bobwhite quail, but the mortality was not 

observed when the study was repeated under lower light conditions (12 – 21 lux). This risk 

assessment conservatively uses the endpoints from the first bobwhite quail study, where up to 

70% mortality was observed under normal laboratory light conditions (139 – 299 lux), for 

screening-level risk estimation.

The Health Effects Division has concluded that fluxapyroxad exhibits low acute toxicity to 

mammals by all exposure routes (EPA Toxicity Category III or IV). No mortality was observed 

at the limit dose (2000 mg/kg bw) in an acute oral toxicity study with the rat (Rattus norvegicus), 

which was the most sensitive mammalian species tested.

Fluxapyroxad and its formulated end-use products are practically non-toxic to the young adult 

honey bee on both an acute contact and acute oral exposure basis. The submitted data indicate 

that adult honey bees are most sensitive to contact exposure to the BAS 700 01 F formulation, 

although the LD50 value (15.7 μg a.i./bee ) for BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex containing fluxapyroxad as 

the sole active ingredient] is still classified as practically nontoxic (LD50 > 11 μg a.i./bee). 

Likewise, submitted toxicity studies for the similarly structured carboxamide fungicide boscalid 

and its end-use product, Pristine, are not acutely toxic to young adult honey bees (MRID 

48470202).

Earthworms (Eisenia foetida) exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI for 14 days exhibited a doseresponsive reduction in biomass but no statistically significant mortality. Earthworms were more 

sensitive to the BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex] formulation, which caused 28% mortality at 1000 mg 

a.i./kg dry soil; biomass was not affected.
-Page 35 of 139-

Table 3.14 Acute toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial animals exposed to fluxapyroxad.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints1

Toxicity Classification 

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Acute oral toxicity to birds Zebra finch

(Taeniopygia guttata) TGAI LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw2

Practically nontoxic

(47923717)

(Supplemental)

Subacute dietary toxicity to birds Bobwhite quail

(Colinus virginianus) TGAI LC50 = 2457 mg a.i./kg diet3

Slightly toxic

(48485301)

(Acceptable)

Acute oral toxicity to mammals4 Norway rat

(Rattus norvegicus) TGAI LD50 > 2000 mg/kg bw

Practically nontoxic

(47923558)

(Acceptable)

Acute contact and oral toxicity to 

honey bees

Honey bee

(Apis mellifera)

TGAI LD50 > 100 μg a.i./bee (contact)

LD50 > 111 μg a.i./bee (oral)

Practically non-toxic

(47923748)

(Acceptable)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LD50 = 15.7 μg a.i./bee (contact)

95% CI = 12.4 – 19.9 μg a.i./bee

LD50 = 62.8 μg a.i./bee (oral)

95% CI = not reported

Practically non-toxic

(48565301)

(Acceptable)

14-day toxicity to earthworms5 Earthworm

(Eisenia foetida)

TGAI

LC50 > 1000 mg ai/kg soil

NOAEC = 125 mg ai/kg soil

LOAEC = 250 mg ai/kg soil

NA

(47923750)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LC50 > 60 mg ai/kg soil

NOAEC = 40 mg ai/kg soil

LOAEC = 60 mg ai/kg soil

NA

(47923826)

(Supplemental) 1

 Dose-response slope data were not available from the acute terrestrial toxicity studies. The default value of 4.5 (with 95% confidence intervals of 2.0 and 9.0) 

is used to derive the probability of an individual effect (Urban and Cook 1986). 2

 The LD50 values from all three avian acute oral toxicity studies are > 2000 mg/kg bw. The zebra finch is identified as the most sensitive among the acute oral 

toxicity studies because sublethal effects were observed in female zebra finch at the highest dose level. 3

The endpoint identified for use in risk estimation is from the first experiment conducted under normal laboratory lighting conditions. No mortality was observed 

when the experiment was repeated under extremely low light.

4 Mammalian toxicity data were reviewed by OPP Health Effects Division (USEPA) as part of the Global Joint Review for fluxapyroxad. 5 The submitted 14-day earthworm toxicity studies were labeled as acute tests, although the duration is considerably longer than most acute toxicity tests. 
-Page 36 of 139-

Chronic toxicity data for birds, mammals, honey bees, and earthworms exposed to fluxapyroxad 

are shown in Table 3.15. An avian reproduction study with bobwhite quail exposed to 

fluxapyroxad in the diet demonstrated a slight (5 – 7%) but statistically significant (p<0.05) 

reduction in hatchling body weight at all treatment concentrations (NOAEC <100 mg/kg diet), 

when compared to the negative control, with full recovery by day 14 (i.e., effects in 

fluxapyroxad-treated groups were transient and were no longer observed at day 14 post-hatch). 

HED concluded that fluxapyroxad did not cause reproductive toxicity in rats. Developmental 

toxicity in rats included decreased body weight and body weight gain in offspring and was 

observed at the same dose levels at which the study authors reported thyroid dysregulation 

through hepatotoxicity in parental animals.

Submitted semi-field studies with a solo formulation of fluxapyroxad (BAS 700 00 F [Xemium], 

5.9% a.i., not proposed for US registration; MRID 47923749) and with the boscalid product 

Pristine (MRID 48470201) demonstrated no overall effects on honey bee brood, although 

EFED identified transient effects on eggs, larvae, and forage bee mortality in the study with 

Pristine. The semi-field studies evaluated mortality, colony strength, brood compensation 

index, and brood termination rate, but did not evaluate effects on particular larval castes (e.g., 

queen cells). The positive control, fenoxycarb (an insect growth regulator), demonstrated only 

weak effects in the study with BAS 700 00 F [Xemium] and there is uncertainty as to the ability 

(statistical power) of either study to detect treatment effects. Additional studies of Pristine 

examining honey bee queen cell development did not show any significant effects (DP Barcode 

408124). In 2012, the registrant submitted a semi-field study (bee brood tunnel test) conducted 

in the summer of 2011 with the dual a.i. product BAS 703 01 F (Merivon®) (MRID 48812702). 

Bee brood in negative control, toxic reference item (fenoxycarb: 250 g/kg nominal), and 

Merivon® treatments were assessed at multiple time points and photographic records were 

maintained. The exposure period was 7 days, and the post-exposure observation period was 20 

days. No significant effects on bee brood development or viability were reported at the nominal 

treatment rate of 0.60 L/ha (0.134 lbs ai/A). A slight and transient treatment-related effect on 

foraging of adult bees was noted, but was not identified as statistically significant by the study 

authors.

Exposure to BAS 700 01 F (Imbrex, a solo formulation of fluxapyroxad) for 56 days inhibited 

earthworm reproduction, based on an 18% reduction in the number of juveniles, and caused a 

16% reduction in parental biomass at 21 mg a.i/kg dry soil, when compared to the negative 

control.

Additional non-guideline toxicity data for beneficial insects exposed to formulated fluxapyroxad 

are considered supplemental information in the current risk assessment and are summarized in 

Table 3.16. Tests with the predatory mite (Typhlodromus pyri), parasitoid wasp (Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi), green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea), and rove beetle (Aleochara bilineata) were 

conducted at treatment rates lower than in the acute toxicity tests with the honey bee but 

approximately equal to the maximum application rate(s) on the proposed labels. The BAS 700 

01 F [Imbrex] formulation caused mortality in the predatory mite, the parasitoid wasp, and the 

green lacewing and inhibited reproduction in the predatory mite, the parasitoid wasp, and the 

rove beetle at the maximum proposed application rate.
-Page 37 of 139-

Terrestrial plant toxicity data were submitted for BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex], BAS 703 01 F

[Merivon], BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor], and most recently for BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis]. Terrestrial 

plants were most sensitive to the BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] formulation (Table 3.17), which 

inhibited dry weight in both monocot and dicot plants. Onion (Allium cepa) and cabbage 

(Brassica oleracea) were the most sensitive monocot and dicot species, respectively, in the 

seedling emergence study with BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor], whereas tomato (Lycopersicon 

esculentum) was the most sensitive dicot in the vegetative vigor study. No monocots were 

affected by foliar application of BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]. Definitive IC25 values were not 

established for any endpoint-species study because effects either were not clearly doseresponsive or, more often, no effect greater than 25% was observed. Recent terrestrial plant 

toxicity studies (MRIDs 48958601 and 48958602) submitted for the fluxapyroxad formulation 

BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis] indicated no treatment effects; however, the studies were only 

conducted at approximately 50% of the proposed maximum application rate for this formulation.
-Page 38 of 139-

Table 3.15 Chronic toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial animals exposed to fluxapyroxad.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Avian reproduction Bobwhite quail

(Colinus virginianus) TGAI

NOAEC < 100 mg/kg diet

NOAEL < 7.8 mg/kg bw/day

LOAEC = 100 mg/kg diet

Reduction in hatchling body 

weight

(47923720)

(Supplemental)

Chronic toxicity to mammals1 –

two-generation reproduction

Norway rat

(Rattus norvegicus) TGAI

NOAEC = 112 mg/kg diet2

NOAEL = 10 mg/kg bw/day

LOAEL = 50 mg/kg bw/day

Reduction in F2 body 

weight and body weight 

gain

(47923602)

(Acceptable)

Toxicity to honey bee brood Honey bee

(Apis mellifera)

EP (BAS 700 00 F)3

[Xemium]

NOAEC = 0.11 lbs a.i./A

LOAEC > 0.11 lbs a.i./A

NA4

(47923749)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 703 01 F)

[Merivon]

NOAEC = 0.134 lbs a.i./A

LOAEC > 0.134 lbs a.i./A

(48812702)

(In Review)

56-day toxicity to earthworms Earthworm

(Eisenia foetida)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

NOAEC = 11 mg ai/kg soil

LOAEC = 21 mg ai/kg soil

Reduced number of 

juveniles, biomass

(47923827)

(Supplemental) 1 Mammalian toxicity data were reviewed by OPP Health Effects Division (USEPA) as part of the Global Joint Review for fluxapyroxad. 2

 The NOAEC value was calculated by the reviewer as the mean of measured concentrations of fluxapyroxad in the diet at the NOAEL (10 mg/kg bw/day). 3 BAS 700 00 F is an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of fluxapyroxad (5.9% a.i.) that is not currently submitted for registration in the United States. 4

 No statistically signficant (p<0.05) adverse effects were observed. Parameters evaluated included mortality, colony strength, brood compensation index, and 

brood termination rate.

Table 3.16 Additional non-guideline toxicity data for hazard characterization of beneficial insects exposed to fluxapyroxad.

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints

(lbs a.i./A)

Effects1

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Toxicity to predatory mite Predatory mite

(Typhlodromus pyri)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LD50 = 0.051

95% CI = 0.008–0.156

NOAEL < 0.006

LOAEL = 0.006

Mortality, reduced number 

of eggs per female

(47923820)

(Supplemental)

Toxicity to parasitoid wasp Parasitoid wasp

(Aphidius rhopalosiphi)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LD50 = 0.097

95% CI = 0.088–0.107

Reduced number of 

parasitized aphids
-Page 39 of 139-

Study Type Species Test Material Endpoints

(lbs a.i./A)

Effects1

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

NOAEL < 0.017

LOAEL = 0.017

(47923821)

(Supplemental)

Toxicity to green lacewing Green lacewing

(Chrysoperla carnea)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LD50 > 0.804

NOAEL = 0.357

LOAEL = 0.536

Mortality

(47923822)

(Supplemental)

Toxicity to rove beetle Rove beetle

(Aleochara bilineata)

EP (BAS 700 01 F)

[Imbrex]

LD50 > 0.809

NOAEL = 0.558

LOAEL = 0.809

Reduced number of 

emerged beetles

(47923825)

(Supplemental) 1

 Effects observed at LOAEL. Other effects may have been observed at higher treatment rates. 2

 BAS 700 00 F is an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of fluxapyroxad (5.9% a.i.) that is not currently submitted for registration in the United States.

The predatory mite toxicity data for the BAS 700 00 F formulation are included for characterization to aid in comparison across end-use products (EPs), since 

the honey bee brood test submitted by the registrant used the BAS 700 00 F formulation.

Table 3.17 Toxicity endpoints used in risk estimation and characterization for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants exposed to fluxapyroxad.

Study Type Test Material Most Sensitive 

Species

Endpoints

(lbs a.i./A)

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

Terrestrial plant toxicity: 

Tier II seedling emergence

EP (BAS 703 02 F)

[Priaxor]

Monocot: Onion

(Allium cepa)

IC25 > 0.0894

NOAEL = 0.0446

LOAEL = 0.0894

Inhibition of dry weight

(47924321)

(Supplemental)

Dicot: Cabbage

(Brassica oleracea)

IC25 > 0.0894

NOAEL = 0.0055

LOAEL = 0.0111

Inhibition of dry weight

(47924321)

(Supplemental)

EP (BAS 700 04 F)

[Sercadis]

Monocot: NA

IC25 > 0.226

NOAEL = 0.226

LOAEL > 0.226

NA

(48958601)

(Acceptable)

Dicot: NA

IC25 > 0.226

NOAEL = 0.226

LOAEL > 0.226

NA

(48958601)

(Acceptable)

Terrestrial plant toxicity:

Tier II vegetative vigor

EP (BAS 703 02 F)

[Priaxor]

Monocot: NA

IC25 > 0.0681

NOAEL= 0.0681

LOAEL > 0.0681 

NA

(47924320)

(Acceptable)

Dicot: Tomato

(Lycopersicon 

esculentum)

IC25 > 0.0681

NOAEL = 0.0167

LOAEL = 0.0338

Inhibition of dry weight

(47924320)

(Acceptable)
-Page 40 of 139-

Study Type Test Material Most Sensitive 

Species

Endpoints

(lbs a.i./A)

Effects

(MRID)

(Study Classification)

EP (BAS 700 04 F)

[Sercadis]

Monocot: NA

IC25 > 0.226

NOAEL = 0.226

LOAEL > 0.226

NA

(48958602)

(Acceptable)

Dicot: NA

IC25 > 0.226

NOAEL = 0.226

LOAEL > 0.226

NA

(48958602)

(Acceptable)
-Page 41 of 139-

3.2.1. Incident Reports

Fluxapyroxad was recently registered in North America (2012). A search of the latest version of 

the most current version of the Ecological Incident Information System (version 2.1, dated 

10/2012) did not produce any ecological incidents for fluxapyroxad. Previous risk assessments 

for the structurally similar (pyridine carboxamide) fungicide active ingredient, boscalid, and its 

associated end-use product Pristine (25.2% boscalid and 12.8% pyraclostrobin), have identified 

reports of potential effects of boscalid and/or Pristine exposure on honey bee brood (DP 

Barcodes D379809, D386068+). The registrant conducted higher tier larval toxicity tests with a 

solo formulation of boscalid and with the Pristine formulation, respectively, to address these 

uncertainties and these studies did not indicate any significant effect. Semi-field studies

conducted with BAS 700 00 F (5.9% a.i., MRID 47923749) and BAS 703 01 F (21.26% a.i., 

MRID 48812702) demonstrated no overall effects on honey bee brood development, but did not 

include endpoints specific to queen cell development. The registrant is not currently seeking 

U.S. registration for the BAS 700 00 F formulation.

4. Risk Characterization

Toxicity data and exposure estimates for fluxapyroxad are used to evaluate the potential for 

adverse ecological effects on non-target species. This screening-level assessment employs a 

deterministic risk estimation method, based on RQ values, to provide a metric of potential risks

(Section 4.1). The potential for risk is characterized further in the Risk Description (Section 4.2) 

based on the risk estimation results and other relevant information about toxicity, incidents, 

ecosystems potentially at risk, and the environmental fate and transport characteristics of 

fluxapyroxad. In cases where an RQ value exceeds the listed species LOC, the potential for risk 

to listed species is characterized in greater detail in Section 5. 

4.1. Risk Estimation

As discussed in the problem formulation, RQ values are compared to the Agency’s LOCs to 

identify taxonomic groups potentially at risk of acute or chronic effects associated with the 

proposed new uses of fluxapyroxad.

4.1.1. Aquatic Organisms

RQ values are calculated for estimating acute and chronic risk to fish and aquatic invertebrates, 

including molluscs, where the submitted ecotoxicity data are sufficient to use in risk estimation. 

Toxicity data for aquatic animals and plants reported in Section 3.3.1.1 in terms of mg/L (ppm) 

are converted to μg/L (ppb) so that both exposure and toxicity are in similar units, i.e., μg/L. 

As shown in Table 4.1 through Table 4.4, most of the RQ values calculated for the fluxapyroxad 

TGAI are below the Agency’s levels of concern (LOCs) for risk to listed or nonlisted species of 

aquatic organisms. For freshwater fish, acute and chronic RQ values (based upon EECs 

generated using the Tier I Rice model) exceed the listed species LOC for rice. RQ values are not 

calculated for chronic risk to estuarine/marine fish or invertebrates in the water column because 

acceptable chronic data for these taxa are not available.
-Page 42 of 139-

As the endpoints for fluxapyroxad formulations are lower than those of the technical active 

ingredient, RQ values are calculated for freshwater acute and chronic risk to fish and aquatic 

invertebrates using spray drift-only EECs. As shown in Table 4.5, RQ values for the solo 

formulations of fluxapyroxad (BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex] and BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis]) do not 

exceed the LOCs for acute risk to listed and nonlisted fish and aquatic invertebrates. However, 

Table 4.6 shows that RQ values calculated for all evaluated uses of the dual-a.i. formulations of 

fluxapyroxad (BAS 703 01 F [Merivon], BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor], and Lexicon) exceed the 

Agency’s LOCs for acute risk to listed freshwater species of fish and aquatic invertebrates. RQ 

values for the uses of BAS 703 01 F [Merivon] on berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables,

grapes, and leafy vegetables also exceed the Agency’s LOC for acute risk to non-listed 

freshwater fish. RQ values for the uses of BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] on bulb vegetables, cucurbits, 

grapes, and root vegetables also exceed the Agency’s LOC for acute risk to non-listed freshwater 

fish. RQ values for the use of Lexicon on turf also exceed the Agency’s LOC for acute risk to 

non-listed freshwater fish.

The submitted ecotoxicity data indicate that nonvascular aquatic plants are in some cases also 

more sensitive to formulated fluxapyroxad than to the TGAI. However, as shown in Table 4.7, 

RQ values based on the green alga EC50 and NOAEC values for BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] do not 

exceed the listed or nonlisted species LOCs for any of the evaluated uses. RQ values for the 

other formulations (BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex], BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis], and BAS 703 01 F

[Merivon]) are also not expected to exceed the LOCs for listed and nonlisted species LOCs 

because the alga was less sensitive to these formulations than to BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor].

Further characterization of the potential for adverse effects to aquatic organisms, based on the 

available data, is provided as part of the Risk Description in Section 4.2.1. 
-Page 43 of 139-

Table 4.1. Acute and chronic RQ values for freshwater fish and invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI in surface water.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/L)

RQ Values1

Freshwater Fish

LC50=290 μg/L

NOAEC=22 μg/L

Freshwater Invertebrate 

EC50=5100 μg/L

NOAEC=460 μg/L

Peak 21-d 60-d Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Berries and small fruits, bulb 

vegetables, leafy vegetables (except 

Brassica), strawberries

0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 14.7 13.9 0.05 0.63 < 0.01 0.03

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, 

root vegetable

0.09

(3) Aerial spray 7.59 7.37 6.97 0.03 0.32 < 0.01 0.02

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 14.8 14.0 0.05 0.64 < 0.01 0.03

Grapes 0.09

(6) Aerial spray 15.0 14.6 13.8 0.05 0.63 < 0.01 0.03

Rice 0.135

(2) Aerial spray 127 127 127 0.44 5.77 0.03 0.28

Sorghum and millet 0.09

(2) Aerial spray 5.08 4.93 4.67 0.02 0.21 < 0.01 0.01

Sugarcane 0.11

(2) Aerial spray 6.18 6.01 5.68 0.02 0.26 < 0.01 0.01

Tree nuts 0.11

(3) Aerial spray 9.27 9.01 8.52 0.03 0.39 < 0.01 0.02

Turf2 0.23

(4) Aerial spray 14.4 13.7 13.3 0.05 0.60 < 0.01 0.03

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) 0.19

(1) Seed Treatment 4.25 4.12 3.88 0.01 0.18 < 0.01 0.01

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) 0.08

(1) Seed Treatment 1.79 1.73 1.64 0.01 0.07 < 0.01 < 0.01

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.002

(1) Seed Treatment 0.04 0.04 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

1 Bold values are RQs that exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC (RQ>0.05) for listed species or the chronic risk LOC (1) for listed/nonlisted species. 2 Estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. Fourth application made at 0.11 lbs a.i./A for a total annual application rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A/year.
-Page 44 of 139-

Table 4.2. Acute RQ values for estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI in surface water.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/L)

RQ Values

Estuarine/

Marine Fish

LC50=1300 μg/L

Estuarine/

Marine Crustacean

EC50=3600 μg/L

Estuarine/

Marine Mollusc

IC50=960 μg/L

Peak Acute Acute Acute

Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

leafy vegetables (except Brassica), 

strawberries

0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 0.01 < 0.01 0.02

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, root 

vegetable

0.09

(3) Aerial spray 7.59 0.01 < 0.01 0.01

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 0.01 < 0.01 0.02

Grapes 0.09

(6) Aerial spray 15.0 0.01 < 0.01 0.02

Rice 0.135

(2) Aerial spray 127 0.10 0.04 0.13

Sorghum and millet 0.09

(2) Aerial spray 5.08 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01

Sugarcane 0.11

(2) Aerial spray 6.18 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01

Tree nuts 0.11

(3) Aerial spray 9.27 0.01 < 0.01 0.01

Turf1 0.23

(4) Aerial spray 14.4 0.01 < 0.01 0.02

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) 0.19

(1) Seed Treatment 4.25 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) 0.08

(1) Seed Treatment 1.79 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.002

(1) Seed Treatment 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

1 Estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. Fourth application made at 0.11 lbs a.i./A for a total annual application rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A/year.
-Page 45 of 139-

Table 4.3. RQ values for sediment-dwelling invertebrates exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/kg dry 

sediment)

RQ Values1

10-day

Freshwater Invertebrate

NOAEC=67000 μg/kg dry 

sediment

10-day 

Estuarine/Marine

Invertebrate

NOAEC=27000 μg/kg dry 

sediment

Peak2

Turf3 0.23

(4) Aerial spray 481 0.01 0.02

Rice 0.135

(2) Aerial spray 146 < 0.01 0.01

1 This assessment compares the 10-day sediment toxicity endpoints to the peak sediment EEC associated with each use. The resulting RQ values are expected 

to be conservative. However, given the demonstrated persistence of fluxapyroxad in water and sediment time-weighted concentrations are expected to be 

similar to peak concentrations. 2 Pore water concentration derived from PRZM/EXAMS (12.8 μg/L) was converted to μg/kg dry sediment using the sediment Koc (931 L/kgoc, Table 3.3) and 

the equation in Section 3.2.2, pg. 18 (USEPA, 2008). 3 The fourth application was conducted at 0.11 lbs a.i./A, yielding an annual rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A.

Table 4.4. RQ values for listed and nonlisted species of aquatic plants exposed to fluxapyroxad TGAI in surface water.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/L)

RQ Values

Vascular Plants

EC50=2400 μg/L

NOAEC=440 μg/L

Nonvascular Plants

EC50=370 μg/L

NOAEC=150 μg/L

Peak Listed Nonlisted Listed Nonlisted

Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

leafy vegetables (except Brassica), 

strawberries

0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.04

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, root 

vegetable

0.09

(3) Aerial spray 7.59 0.02 < 0.01 0.05 0.02

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.18

(3) Aerial spray 15.2 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.04

Grapes 0.09

(6) Aerial spray 15.0 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.04

Rice 0.135

(2) Aerial spray 127 0.32 0.05 0.85 0.34

Sorghum and millet 0.09

(2) Aerial spray 5.08 0.01 < 0.01 0.03 0.01
-Page 46 of 139-

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/L)

RQ Values

Vascular Plants

EC50=2400 μg/L

NOAEC=440 μg/L

Nonvascular Plants

EC50=370 μg/L

NOAEC=150 μg/L

Peak Listed Nonlisted Listed Nonlisted

Sugarcane 0.11

(2) Aerial spray 6.18 0.01 < 0.01 0.04 0.02

Tree nuts 0.11

(3) Aerial spray 9.27 0.02 < 0.01 0.06 0.03

Turf1 0.23

(4) Aerial spray 14.4 0.04 0.01 0.10 0.04

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) 0.19

(1) Seed Treatment 4.25 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) 0.08

(1) Seed Treatment 1.79 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.002

(1) Seed Treatment 0.04 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

1 Estimated using PRZM/EXAMS. Fourth application made at 0.11 lbs a.i./A for a total annual application rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A/year.

Table 4.5. Acute RQ values for freshwater fish exposed to BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex] and BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis] in surface water as a result of spray drift 

only, based on maximum application rates for all fluxapyroxad uses.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App 

Method

EECs

(μg/L)

BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex]1 BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis]1

Fish

LC50=470 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=680 μg/L

Fish

LC50=660 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=28000 μg/L

Peak Acute Acute Acute Acute

Berries and small fruits 0.18

(3) Aerial 3.75 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Brassica leafy vegetables 0.09

(3) Aerial 1.70 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Bulb vegetables 0.18

(3) Aerial 6.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Cucurbits 0.09

(3) Aerial 2.40 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.18

(3) Aerial 6.50 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Grapes 0.09

(6) Aerial 6.16 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01
-Page 47 of 139-

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App 

Method

EECs

(μg/L)

BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex]1 BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis]1

Fish

LC50=470 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=680 μg/L

Fish

LC50=660 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=28000 μg/L

Peak Acute Acute Acute Acute

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 0.18

(3) Aerial 4.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Root vegetable 0.09

(3) Aerial 3.43 0.01 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Sorghum and millet 0.09

(2) Aerial 0.87 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Strawberries 0.18

(3) Aerial 3.29 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Sugarcane 0.11

(2) Aerial 0.68 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Tree nuts 0.11

(3) Aerial 2.16 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Turf2 0.23

(4) Aerial 8.71 NA NA 0.01 < 0.01

NA Not applicable. 1 Bold values are RQs that exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC (RQ>0.05) for listed species. 2 Fourth application made at 0.11 lbs a.i./A for a total annual application rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A/year. Turf is proposed for registration under the new product 

Xemplar, similar in formulation to BAS 700 04 F [Sercadis].

Table 4.6. Refined acute RQ values for freshwater fish and invertebrates exposed to BAS 703 01 F [Merivon] and BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] in surface 

water as a result of spray drift only, based on proposed uses for each formulation.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

BAS 703 01 F [Merivon]1 BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]1

EECs

(μg/L)

Fish

LC50= 7.4 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=16 μg/L

EECs

(μg/L)

Fish

LC50=4.5 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=8.3 μg/L

Peak Acute Acute Peak Acute Acute

Berries and small fruits3 0.18

(3) 3.75 0.51 0.23 2.06 0.46 0.25

Brassica leafy vegetables 0.09

(3) 1.70 0.23 0.11 1.70 0.38 0.20

Bulb vegetables3 0.18

(3) 6.10 0.82 0.38 2.75 0.61 0.33

Cucurbits 0.09

(3) 2.40 0.32 0.15 2.40 0.53 0.29
-Page 48 of 139-

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

BAS 703 01 F [Merivon]1 BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]1

EECs

(μg/L)

Fish

LC50= 7.4 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=16 μg/L

EECs

(μg/L)

Fish

LC50=4.5 μg/L

Invertebrates

LC50=8.3 μg/L

Peak Acute Acute Peak Acute Acute

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 3 0.18

(3) 6.50 0.88 0.41 2.60 0.58 0.31

Grapes3 0.09

(6) 6.16 0.83 0.39 2.60 0.58 0.31

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 3 0.18

(3) 4.01 0.54 0.25 2.21 0.49 0.27

Root vegetable 0.09

(3) 3.43 0.46 0.21 3.43 0.76 0.41

Sorghum and millet2 0.09

(2) NA NA NA 0.87 0.19 0.10

Strawberries3 0.18

(3) 3.29 0.44 0.21 1.81 0.40 0.22

Sugarcane2,3 0.11

(2) NA NA NA 0.68 0.15 0.08

Tree nuts3 0.11

(3) 2.16 0.29 0.14 1.26 0.28 0.15

Turf4 0.23

(4) NA NA NA 8.71 1.94 1.05

NA Not applicable. 1 Bold values are RQs that exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC (RQ>0.05) for listed species; bold italics values also exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC 

(RQ>0.5) for nonlisted species. 2 Sorghum and millet, and sugarcane are proposed uses for BAS 703 02 F but not for BAS 703 01 F. 3 The maximum proposed application rates for berries, bulb vegetables, grapes, leafy vegetables, strawberries, and tree nuts under BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] are

lower (in most cases, approximately half) than those specified on the BAS 703 01 F [Merivon] label, so separate model runs were conducted. However, the 

rates for sugarcane and strawberries, while lower under BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] than BAS 703 01 F [Merivon], were not significantly different to result in 

new model runs. 4 The fourth application was conducted at 0.11 lbs a.i./A, yielding an annual rate of 0.80 lbs a.i./A. Turf is proposed for registration under the new product 

Lexicon, similar in formulation to BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor].
-Page 49 of 139-

Table 4.7. RQ values for nonvascular aquatic plants exposed to BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] in surface water from spray drift only, based on maximum 

application rates for all proposed uses of fluxapyroxad.

Use

App Rate

lbs a.i./A

(#app)

App Method

EECs

(μg/L)

RQ Values1

Nonvascular Plants

EC50=120 μg/L

NOAEC=14 μg/L

Peak Listed Nonlisted

Berries and small fruits 0.10

(3) Aerial 2.06 0.15 0.02

Brassica leafy vegetables 0.09

(3) Aerial 1.70 0.12 0.01

Bulb vegetables 0.08

(3) Aerial 2.75 0.20 0.02

Cucurbits 0.09

(3) Aerial 2.40 0.17 0.02

Grapes (Botrytis disease) /Grapes 0.07

(3) Aerial 2.60 0.19 0.02

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 0.10

(3) Aerial 2.21 0.16 0.02

Root vegetable 0.09

(3) Aerial 3.43 0.25 0.03

Sorghum and millet 0.09

(2) Aerial 0.87 0.06 0.01

Strawberries 0.10

(3) Aerial 3.29 0.24 0.03

Sugarcane 0.11

(2) Aerial 0.68 0.06 0.01

Tree nuts 0.06

(3) Aerial 1.26 0.09 0.01

Turf2 0.23

(4) Aerial 8.71 0.62 0.07

1

 As a screen for risk from the various formulations of fluxapyroxad, RQ values are calculated based on spray drift EECs from all evaluated fluxapyroxad uses 

and the most sensitive toxicity endpoints from all nonvascular plant toxicity tests with formulated fluxapyroxad, which were from the test with BAS 703 02 

F [Priaxor].

 
-Page 50 of 139-

4.1.2. Terrestrial Organisms

In this assessment, RQ values are calculated for subacute, dietary-based risk to birds (Table 4.8) 

and for chronic risk to mammals (Table 4.9). RQ values are not calculated for acute, dose-based

risk to birds, chronic risk to birds, or acute risk to mammals because the toxicity endpoints 

needed for these calculations are nondefinitive. Specifically, the LD50 values for birds and 

mammals were greater than the highest dose tested in each study; whereas, the NOAEC value for 

chronic toxicity to birds was estimated to be less than the lowest treatment level tested in the 

avian reproduction study with bobwhite quail.

For all foliar uses of fluxpyroxad that were evaluated, the subacute dietary-based RQ values for 

birds are below the Agency’s LOCs for acute risk to listed (RQ≥0.1) and nonlisted (RQ≥0.5) 

species. Chronic, dietary-based RQ values for mammals are also below the chronic risk LOC 

(RQ≥1) for all uses except for berries and small fruits, and grapes treated for the Botrytis disease. 

However, chronic dose-based RQ values for all uses exceed the chronic risk LOC for wild 

mammals (RQ >1) (Table 4.9). Chronic risk concerns are triggered by all uses for small (15 g) 

and medium sized (35 g) mammals that consume short grass. Chronic risk concerns for large 

(1000 g) mammals that consume short grass are triggered for all uses except for soghum and 

millet, and sugarcane. Chronic risk to small and medium mammal consumers of other dietary 

items, such as tall grass, broadleaf plants, and small insects, exceeds the LOC for most of the 

proposed uses.

Table 4.8. Acute dietary-based RQ values for birds exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the proposed foliar 

uses.

Food Type

Avian Dietary-Based RQs1

Short 

Grass

Tall 

Grass

Broadleaf 

Plants/Small 

Insects

Fruits/Pods/

Large Insects

Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, leafy 

vegetables (except Brassica), strawberries 0.05 0.02 0.03 < 0.01

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, root vegetable 0.02 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Grapes

0.05

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.02

< 0.01

< 0.01

Sorghum and millet 0.02 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Sugarcane 0.02 0.01 0.01 < 0.01

Tree nuts 0.03 0.01 0.02 < 0.01

Turf 0.04 0.02 0.02 < 0.01 N/A Not applicable. 1

 Dietary-based RQ values are based on the bobwhite quail LC50 value of 2457 mg a.i./kg diet (MRID 48485301).
-Page 51 of 139-

Table 4.9. Chronic dietary and dose-based RQ values for mammals exposed to fluxapyroxad as a result of the 

proposed foliar uses.

Food Type

Dietary-based

(mg/kg diet)

(mammals and 

birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(mammals)

All Size Classes Small

(15 g)

Medium

(35 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables (except Brassica), strawberries

Short grass 1.01 4.93 4.21 2.26

Tall grass 0.46 2.26 1.93 1.03

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.57 2.77 2.37 1.27

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.06 0.31 0.26 0.14

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.07 0.06 0.03

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, root vegetable

Short grass 0.51 2.46 2.10 1.13

Tall grass 0.23 1.13 0.96 0.52

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.29 1.39 1.18 0.63

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.03 0.15 0.13 0.07

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.03 0.03 0.02

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Short grass 1.09 5.30 4.53 2.43

Tall grass 0.50 2.43 2.08 1.11

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.61 2.98 2.55 1.37

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.07 0.33 0.28 0.15

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.07 0.06 0.03

Grapes

Short grass 0.75 3.63 3.10 1.66

Tall grass 0.34 1.66 1.42 0.76

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.42 2.04 1.74 0.93

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.05 0.23 0.19 0.10

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.05 0.04 0.02

Sorghum and millet

Short grass 0.37 1.82 1.55 0.83

Tall grass 0.17 0.83 0.71 0.38

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.21 1.02 0.87 0.47

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.02 0.11 0.10 0.05

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.03 0.02 0.01

Sugarcane

Short grass 0.41 2.01 1.72 0.92

Tall grass 0.19 0.92 0.79 0.42

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.23 1.13 0.97 0.52

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.03 0.13 0.11 0.06

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.03 0.02 0.01

Tree nuts

Short grass 0.62 3.01 2.57 1.38

Tall grass 0.28 1.38 1.18 0.63

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.35 1.69 1.45 0.78

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.04 0.19 0.16 0.09

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.04 0.04 0.02

Turf

Short grass 0.87 4.21 3.60 1.93

Tall grass 0.40 1.93 1.65 0.88

Broadleaf plants/small insects 0.49 2.37 2.02 1.08
-Page 52 of 139-

Food Type

Dietary-based

(mg/kg diet)

(mammals and 

birds)

Dose-based

(mg/kg bw)

(mammals)

All Size Classes Small

(15 g)

Medium

(35 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Fruits/pods/large insects 0.05 0.26 0.22 0.12

Seeds (granivore) N/A 0.06 0.05 0.03 N/A Not applicable.

Bolded values exceed the Agency’s Level of Concern (LOC) for chronic risk to wild mammals (RQ > 1). RQ 

values of 0.99 in this assessment are conservatively rounded up and are considered to meet the chronic risk LOC.

RQ values for chronic risk to mammals, based on the range of proposed fluxapyroxad seed 

treatment uses, are calculated as follows:

RQ = Exposure (mg a.i./kg seed) / NOAEC (mg/kg diet)

The resulting RQ values for proposed seed treatment uses exceed the Agency’s LOC for chronic 

risk to mammals (RQ >1, Table 4.10). This screening calculation indicates that a mammal that 

consumes 1 kg of treated seed over an unspecified time period will have been exposed to a 

dietary concentration of fluxapyroxad that is approximately 1.8 to 22 times the chronic NOAEC. 

The amount of time it would take a mammal to consume 1 kg of seed would depend upon the 

physiology, life history, and energy requirements of the individual. 

It should be noted that the seed treatment uses presented in Table 4.10 are a subset of those 

proposed on the fluxapyroxad labels, used to provide a range of RQs. For a seed treatment to be 

below the chronic risk LOC, it must be below 0.0112 lbs a.i./100 lbs seed. Based on the seed 

treatment uses on the proposed labels (see Appendix A), none of the proposed seed treatments 

would result in an RQ below the Agency’s chronic risk LOC for mammals. Seed incorporation 

is not required on the label; therefore, the seed treatment EECs for terrestrial animals and 

associated RQ values are calculated using the assumption that seeds are not incorporated and are 

readily available for consumption and that treated seed represent 100% of the diet.

RQ values are not calculated for acute, dose-based risk to birds, chronic risk to birds, or acute 

risk to mammals based on the proposed seed treatment uses because the toxicity endpoints from 

these studies are nondefinitive (i.e., outside the range of test concentrations).

Table 4.10. Chronic dietary RQ values for mammals exposed to fluxapyroxad following the proposed seed 

treatment uses.

Seed Treatment Use(s) App Rate

(lbs a.i./100 lbs seed)

Chronic EEC 

(mg a.i./kg seed)

Chronic RQs

NOAEC=112 mg/kg diet

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) 0.25 2500 22.3

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) 0.2 2000 17.9

Rapeseed (low rate) 0.02 200 1.80

Bolded values exceed the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk to wild mammals (RQ > 1).

For terrestrial plants, RQ values for the foliar and seed treatment uses are calculated based on the 

most sensitive toxicity endpoints from the submitted seedling emergence tests, but only the foliar 
-Page 53 of 139-

uses are evaluated against the vegetative vigor tests, as foliar exposure of non-target plants is 

considered unlikely to result from the proposed seed treatment uses (Table 4.11). RQ values for 

listed species of dicot plants exceed the Agency’s LOC for all of the foliar uses evaluated for 

semi-aquatic areas and for the following foliar uses for dry areas and spray drift: turf, berries and 

small fruits, grapes (Botrytis disease), leafy vegetables (except Brassica), strawberries, 

sugarcane, and tree nuts. RQ values for listed species of monocot plants are below the LOC for 

all foliar uses. RQ values based on runoff from seed treatment uses exceed the Agency’s LOC 

for listed species of dicot plants in semi-aquatic areas for proposed seed treatment rates greater 

than 0.05 lbs a.i./A (e.g., bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables, and rice). The estimates for seed 

treatments are based on the assumptions that the seeds are not being incorporated and 100% of 

the seed treatment is available for leaching/runoff. These assumptions are especially 

conservative for seeds which may routinely be incorporated at depths greater than 1 inch. They 

are more representative of scenarios where seeds are broadcast applied or incorporated less than 

one inch (e.g., onion may be incorporated at 0.5 inches; MBS Seed Chart 

[http://www.mbsseed.com/garden_seed_planting_chart.htm]). RQ values are not calculated for 

risk to non-listed species of terrestrial plants because the IC25 values exceeded the maximum 

application rate tested. Conclusions regarding potential risk to listed and nonlisted terrestrial 

plants, as they relate to RQ values based on the available NOAEC values, are discussed in 

Section 4.2. 

Table 4.11. RQ values for listed species1 of non-target terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants based on proposed 

uses of fluxapyroxad (TerrPlant).

Use(s)

Dry Area

RQs

Semi-Aquatic Area 

RQs

Spray Drift Only

RQs

Monocot Dicot Monocot Dicot Monocot Dicot

Turf 0.31 2.51 0.77 6.27 0.26 2.09

Berries and small fruits

0.24 1.96 0.61 4.91 0.20 1.64

Bulb vegetables

Grapes (Botrytis disease)

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica)

Strawberries

Sugarcane

0.15 1.20 0.37 3.00 0.12 1.00

Tree nuts

Brassica leafy vegetables

0.12 0.98 0.30 2.45 0.10 0.82

Cucurbits

Grapes

Root vegetable

Sorghum and millet
-Page 54 of 139-

Bulb vegetable seed (high rate) < 0.1 0.35 0.43 3.45 N/A N/A

Leafy vegetable seed (medium rate) < 0.1 0.15 0.18 1.45 N/A N/A

Rapeseed (low rate) < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 N/A N/A

N/A Not applicable.

Bolded values exceed the Agency’s level of concern (LOC) for risk to listed species of terrestrial plants (RQ > 1). 1

 RQ values are based on the seedling emergence NOAEL values of 0.0446 (monocot) and 0.0055 (dicot) lb ai/A 

(dry areas and semi-aquatic areas) and the vegetative vigor NOAEL values of 0.0681 (monocot) and 0.0167 (dicot) 

lb ai/A (drift only). RQ values are not calculated in this assessment for nonlisted species of terrestrial plants because 

the IC25 values were all greater than the highest treatment rate tested.

Although the Agency does not typically quantify risk to non-target terrestrial invertebrates using 

the RQ method, acute toxicity studies with the young adult honey bee demonstrate that 

fluxapyroxad is practically non-toxic to young adult honey bees on an acute oral and an acute 

contact exposure basis (LD50 >11 μg a.i./bee). Additionally, a semi-field study (bee brood tunnel 

test) conducted with the dual a.i. product BAS 703 01 F (MRID 48812702) indicated no 

significant effects on bee brood development or viability. Although a slight and transient 

treatment-related effect on foraging of adult bees was noted, it was not identified as statistically 

significant.

The potential for risk to non-target terrestrial organisms, associated with the proposed uses of 

fluxapyroxad, is discussed further in the Risk Description (Section 4.2.2).

4.2. Risk Description and Conclusions

This assessment evaluates the potential for ecological risks associated with the proposed uses of 

the fungicide fluxapyroxad as foliar applications and seed treatments. Fluxapyroxad is a 

synthetic carboxamide fungicide (FRAC Group 7) that inhibits mitochondrial respiration and the 

subsequent production of ATP in fungal cells. Fluxapyroxad is persistent, i.e., is stable to most 

environmental degradation and some plant metabolism processes, and has demonstrated at least 

some systemic activity based on plant residue studies submitted by the registrant.

4.2.1. Aquatic Organisms

Acute RQ values are below the listed (RQ≥0.05) and non-listed (RQ≥0.1) species and chronic 

(RQ≥1.0) risk LOCs for all assessed aquatic organisms based on toxicity of the TGAI for all 

proposed uses, except for acute and chronic risk LOCs for listed species based on the proposed 

use on rice. The peak EEC is within an order of magnitude of concentrations observed in the 

aquatic field dissipation study meant to mimic rice applications. While culturing rice and

freshwater fish and invertebrates together has been documented (LSU AgCenter, 2007), it is 

uncertain as to whether listed species would dwell in, and be exposed to water concentrations in, 

rice paddies. As a result, risk to listed and nonlisted aquatic organisms from fluxapyroxad TGAI 

is considered to be low.

Based on endpoints for the fluxapyroxad formulations that contain pyraclostrobin (BAS 703 01 F 

[Merivon®], BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor®], and Lexicon) and on spray drift-only EECs, there is 

potential acute risk to listed aquatic animals for all proposed uses. RQ values for the uses of 
-Page 55 of 139-

BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®] on berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, grapes, and leafy 

vegetables exceed the Agency’s LOC for acute risk to non-listed freshwater fish. RQ values for 

the uses of BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor®] on bulb vegetables, cucurbits, grapes, and root vegetables 

exceed the LOC for acute risk to non-listed freshwater fish. RQ values for the use of Lexicon on 

turf exceed the LOC for acute risk to non-listed freshwater fish. The enhanced toxicity of the 

dual-a.i. formulations appears to be driven by pyraclostrobin; when the toxicity endpoints for 

freshwater fish and invertebrates are adjusted for the percentage of pyraclstrobin in each product, 

they are similar to toxicity endpoints for the pyraclostrobin a.i. (e.g., USEPA 2011, DP Barcode 

D380640), as illustrated in Table 4.12. In some cases, freshwater plants and animals are also 

more sensitive to formulations of fluxapyroxad alone (e.g., BAS 700 01 F [Imbrex] and BAS 700 

04 F [Sercadis]) than to the TGAI. However, none of the RQ values for formulations with 

fluxapyroxad alone approach or exceed LOCs. 

Risk to listed and nonlisted vascular and nonvascular aquatic plants from fluxapyroxad TGAI

and its formulated products is considered to be low since RQ values are below the Agency’s 

LOC (RQ≥1). 

Table 4.12. Comparison of aquatic ecotoxicity endpoints for BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®] and BAS 703 02 F 

[Priaxor®] with existing pyraclostrobin endpoints.

Study Type Species

Endpoints

(mg pyraclostrobin a.i./L)

BAS 703 01 F

[Merivon®]

BAS 703 02 F

[Priaxor®] Pyraclostrobin1

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

LC50 = 0.007 LC50 = 0.009 LC50 = 0.006

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater invertebrates

Water flea

(Daphnia magna) EC50 = 0.015 EC50 = 0.016 EC50 = 0.016

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine fish

Sheepshead minnow

(Cyprinidon 

variegatus)

LC50 = N/A LC50 = N/A LC50 = 0.077

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

crustaceans

Mysid shrimp

(Americamysis 

bahia)

EC50 = N/A EC50 = N/A EC50 = 0.004

Toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

molluscs – shell 

deposition

Eastern oyster

(Crassostrea 

virginica)

IC50 = N/A IC50 = N/A IC50 = 0.013

N/A Not applicable. Formulated product toxicity data using BAS 703 01 F and BAS 703 02 F were not provided for 

estuarine//marine fish, crustaceans, or molluscs.

1

 Pyraclostrobin endpoints obtained from USEPA 2011 (DP Barcode D380640 et seq.).

Figures 4.1 and 4.2 depict the time series peak EECs from the PRZM/EXAMS spray drift only 

analysis for the highest peak EEC (use on turf) and lowest peak EEC (use on sugarcane) for uses 

of BAS 703 02 F (Priaxor®). A review of the time series data indicates that, in general, the 90th

percentile peak EEC for the modeled uses occurs as a result of accumulation from repeated 

annual application over 30 years. However, in most cases, exceedence of the listed species LOC 

can occur much sooner. For all uses, the LOCs for listed species at 0.225 μg/L (4.5 μg/L x 0.05)
-Page 56 of 139-

and 0.415 μg/L (8.3 μg/L x 0.05) are exceeded in the first year of applications. For uses where

the LOCs for nonlisted species at 2.25 μg/L (4.5 μg/L x 0.5) are exceeded, the LOC is usually 

exceeded after 2-12 repeated years of application. The LOC for nonlisted species at 4.15 μg/L 

(8.3 μg/L x 0.5) is only exceeded for use on turf, where the exceedence occurs after 5 years of 

consecutive use. In cases where the application rate is low, such as sugarcane, accumulation in 

the pond does not occur. It should be noted that EECs from the predicted accumulation reflect 

maximum usage of fluxapyroxad for 30 years and a pond that has no outlet, which may not 

necessarily be representative of real world conditions. However, given fluxapyroxad’s high 

persistence in soil and aquatic environments, concentrations of fluxapyroxad over the long-term 

could potentially be a concern. 

Figure 4-1. Turf peak EECs from spray drift only analysis.
-Page 57 of 139-

Figure 4-2. Sugarcane peak EECs from spray drift only analyses.

Depending on the percent organic matter content of benthic sediments, fluxapyroxad can 

partition to sediments. The potential for risk to benthic organisms exposed to sediment pore 

water is also considered, using the conservative assumption that the highest concentrations tested 

in the amphipod studies represent the toxicity thresholds (Table 4.3). In this estimation, the 

acute RQ value for benthic invertebrates (RQ≤0.02) is similar to the RQ values for fish and 

invertebrates exposed to TGAI in the water column, and it does not exceed the acute risk to listed 

or non-listed species LOCs.

4.2.2. Terrestrial Organisms

Acute RQ values are not calculated in the Risk Estimation section for dose-based risk to birds or 

for dose- or dietary-based risk to mammals because the necessary toxicity endpoints (LD50/LC50) 

were determined to be greater than the limit dose in the submitted studies. Therefore, although 

fluxapyroxad is classified as practically non-toxic to birds and mammals on an acute oral and 

subacute dietary exposure basis, the nature and potential dose-response relationship of any 

effects of fluxapyroxad at exposure levels above the limit dose are unknown.

For the proposed foliar uses of fluxapyroxad, the potential for acute risk to birds and mammals is 

characterized using the conservative assumption that the limit dose or maximum dose tested in 

the submitted oral toxicity studies (i.e., 2,000 mg/kg bw) represents the toxicity endpoint. Under 

these conditions, the foliar use of fluxapyroxad is not expected to result in acute risk of mortality 

to listed or non-listed species of birds (and reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians for which 
-Page 58 of 139-

birds serve as surrogates) or mammals because the resulting RQ values are all less than the acute 

risk LOC, i.e., RQ<0.5 for nonlisted species and RQ<0.1 for listed species.

The RQ values in Section 4.1 demonstrate that both foliar and seed treatment uses of 

fluxapyroxad may result in chronic risk to mammals (RQ>1.0). RQ values are not calculated for 

chronic risk to birds because a statistically significant decrease in hatchling body weight was 

observed at all treatment levels in the submitted avian reproduction study with bobwhite quail. 

Therefore, the chronic toxicity endpoint for bobwhite quail is nondefinitive (i.e., NOAEC<100 

mg ai/kg diet). Assuming the NOAEC=100 mg ai/kg diet results in RQs=1.14 for foliar 

applications, based on maximum application rate to berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

leafy vegetables (except Brassica), strawberries, and grapes (Botrytis disease) for short grass, 

exceeding the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk to birds (LOC=1.0). Additionally, chronic risk to 

birds cannot be precluded with confidence because the submitted data do not establish whether 

adverse effects may occur at dietary concentrations less than 100 mg ai/kg diet. In order to 

preclude risk at the screening level, a NOAEC≥80 mg/kg-diet would need to be established, 

which is unlikely based on the flat concentration-response for the effect on body weight in the 

bobwhite quail study. The 5 – 7% decrease in hatchling body weight was transient during the 

study and was not observed in the study with mallard duck. As a result, it is uncertain whether 

and how this effect may impact the fitness of (and therefore risk to) different species and size 

classes of birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians exposed to fluxapyroxad in the wild.

For the proposed seed treatment uses of fluxapyroxad, the potential for acute risk to birds is 

characterized in Table 4.14 by converting the subacute dietary toxicity endpoint for bobwhite 

quail (LC50, from the first experiment conducted under normal laboratory lighting conditions) to 

a subacute oral LD50 value that represents the total a.i. consumed per kilogram body weight (kg 

bw) over the 5-day study. The calculation is performed based on information in the study report, 

as follows:

LC50 = 2457 mg a.i./kg diet, corresponds to 561 mg a.i./kg bw/day (reported by the study)

LD50 = 561 mg a.i./kg bw/day x 5 days exposure = 2805 mg a.i./kg bw

The calculated LD50 is then compared to the dose-based EEC (USEPA 2008b) values and the 

spatial EECs generated by T-REX to determine RQ values for risk characterization. Terrestrial 

exposure of mammals through consumption of treated seeds is characterized in Table 4.13 using 

the conservative assumption for mammals that the maximum dose tested (2,000 mg/kg bw) 

represents the toxicity endpoint (LD50). The toxicity endpoint is then adjusted for the body 

weight (bw) of the test specimens (default bw=178 g for bobwhite quail and 350 g for Norway 

rat) and compared to the estimated exposure per unit area (mg a.i./ft2) and per daily dose of 

treated seed, i.e., dose-based EEC in terms of mg a.i./kg bw/day (USEPA 2008b) . 
-Page 59 of 139-

Table 4.13. Characterization of potential risk to terrestrial birds and mammals from consumption of treated 

seeds, assuming that the limit dose tested in effects studies is the definitive toxicity endpoint.

Use

App 

Rate

lbs a.i.

/A

(#app)

App 

Method

EECs Toxicity Endpoints

Characterization 

Terrestrial

RQ Values

Spatial

(mg a.i./ft2)

Dose-Based

(mg a.i./kgbw/d)

Animals Acute

Spatial

Acute

DoseBased

Bulb 

vegetable 

seed

(high rate)

0.19

(1) Seed 1.96

633

Birds

LD50=2,805 mg/kg-bw

LC50=2,457 mg/kg diet

NOAEC<100 mg/kg diet

NOAEL<7.8 mg/kg-bw

0.05 0.31

530

Mammals

LD50>2,000 mg/kg-bw

NOAEC=112 mg/kg diet

NOAEL=10 mg/kg-bw

0.03 0.12

Leafy 

vegetable 

seed

(medium

rate)

0.08

(1) Seed 0.83

506

Birds

LD50=2,805 mg/kg-bw

LC50=2,457 mg/kg diet

NOAEC<100 mg/kg diet

NOAEL<7.8 mg/kg-bw

0.02 0.25

424

Mammals

LD50>2,000 mg/kg-bw

NOAEC=112 mg/kg diet

NOAEL=10 mg/kg-bw

0.01 0.08

Rapeseed

(low rate)

0.002

(1) Seed 0.06

50.6

Birds

LD50=2,805 mg/kg-bw

LC50=2,457 mg/kg diet

NOAEC<100 mg/kg diet

NOAEL<7.8 mg/kg-bw

<0.01 0.03

42.4

Mammals

LD50>2,000 mg/kg-bw

NOAEC=112 mg/kg diet

NOAEL=10 mg/kg-bw

<0.01 0.01

Bold values are RQs that exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC (RQ>0.05) for listed species.

The available data indicate that acute mortality to listed mammals is possible, as RQ values 

exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC for bulb and leafy vegetable seeds. However, for 

mammals, as the LD50 exceeds the limit dose of the study, there was no mortality observed at 

this limit dose. While there is uncertainty surrounding risk to listed mammals based on sublethal 

effects, the sublethal effects observed in the toxicity study were not dose dependent and therefore 

it is expected that the potential for risk to listed species would be low.

While the available data indicate that acute mortality to listed birds is also possible, the potential 

for acute risk to listed species of birds can be further characterized by considering how foraging 

ecology affects the potential for exposure. The Nagy allometry food ingestion rate of a 20 g bird 

is approximately 5 g/day. To consume a mass of fluxapyroxad equivalent to the acute dietary 

toxicity endpoint in the submitted study with bobwhite quail, a 20-g bird would have to consume 

40.4 mg a.i., equivalent to 16.2 g (0.035 lbs) of bulb vegetable seed treated at the maximum 

proposed application rate (0.25 lbs a.i./cwt). This is considered an unlikely, though not 

impossible, scenario for most species. Smaller, migrating birds that eat seeds are expected to be 
-Page 60 of 139-

at the highest risk of exposure, since they have higher surface area-to-body weight ratios and 

they must rapidly refuel energy reserves exhausted during migration (Klassen & Lindstrom 

1996). In a short period of time (e.g., one day or less), these birds may consume larger amounts 

of seeds, relative to body size, in magnitudes that approach or exceed their own body weight. 

Nonetheless, given that adult mortality was observed only in one subacute dietary toxicity 

experiment with bobwhite quail and at relatively high concentrations when compared to EECs, 

the likelihood of frank mortality is considered low even if a bird did consume the large amount 

of treated seed necessary to be exposed to the limit dose.

As the foraging efficiency of a granivore decreases, the area of exposure (i.e., treated field) 

necessary to exceed the LOC increases. For example, assuming conservatively that the 

maximum dose tested in the submitted studies represents the LD50 value for birds, a 20-g, seedeating bird with 100% foraging efficiency (i.e., that all of the seeds are treated and that the bird

eats all seeds within a given area) would consume enough fluxapyroxad in a 5-ft2 area to exceed 

the LOC for acute risk to listed species of birds, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians. Using 

the same assumption, a 20-g bird would consume enough fluxapyroxad to exceed the acute risk 

LOC for listed birds if it displayed 50% foraging efficiency in a 10-ft2 foraging area, or if it 

displayed 10% foraging efficiency within a 50-ft2 foraging area. The actual foraging area 

necessary to result in mortality to birds at a level equivalent to an LD50 (i.e., mortality of 50% of 

exposed birds) is likely much greater given that no mortality was observed at the maximum dose

tested. Additionally, seed incorporation would further reduce the likelihood of exposure to birds 

and mammals from the proposed seed treatment uses. As the acute spatial RQs for birds in 

Table 4.19 are below the acute risk LOC, the potential for acute risk to birds is considered low. 

All risk conclusions for birds in this assessment are intended to apply to reptiles and terrestrialphase amphibians as well. 

As with birds and mammals, laboratory based acute toxicity tests with terrestrial invertebrates 

(i.e., honey bee) have demonstrated that fluxapyroxad is practically non-toxic on an acute contact 

and acute oral exposure basis. However, two of the fluxapyroxad end-use products (BAS 703 01 

F and BAS 703 02 F) proposed for registration are co-formulated with pyraclostrobin and are 

similar in that respect to the registered product, Pristine, which is a dual-a.i. formulation from 

the same registrant that contains the similarly structured fungicide boscalid (25.2%) and 

pyraclostrobin (12.8%). Previous risk assessments for boscalid (DP Barcodes D363523, 

D379809, D385653), which – like fluxapyroxad – is a pyridine carboxamide, have described 

uncertainties regarding potential effects on development of honey bee brood, based on incident 

reports and communications with beekeepers. Submitted toxicity studies indicate that neither 

fluxapyroxad, any of its end-use products proposed for registration in the United States, nor 

boscalid or Pristine are acutely toxic to young adult honey bees. In addition, submitted semifield studies for fluxapyroxad (BAS 700 00 F, a formulation of fluxapyroxad not proposed for 

US registration, and BAS 703 01 F, a formulation with fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin) and 

with a similar fungicide formulation Pristine demonstrated no overall effects on honey bee 

brood, although EFED identified transient effects on eggs, larvae, and forage bee mortality in the 

study with Pristine (DP Barcode 390033). Although honey bee queen breeders have expressed 

concerns regarding the potential effects of Pristine on queen development, studies conducted of 

the formulated product under semi-field condtions (DP Barcode D408124) have not 

demonstrated any significant effect on queen development.
-Page 61 of 139-

Finally, the proposed new uses of fluxapyroxad are expected to result in risk to listed non-target 

terrestrial plants. RQ values for listed species of dicot plants exceed the Agency’s LOC for all of 

the foliar uses evaluated except for curcurbits, grapes (not Botrytis disease), root vegetables, and 

sorghum and millet. Of the six dicot species tested in the vegetative vigor study with BAS 703 

02 (Priaxor®), only the tomato, based on inhibition of dry weight, demonstrated a significant 

effect. However, the same formulation (BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor®]) significantly inhibited 

cabbage (dry weight), carrot (emergence), and lettuce (height) in the seedling emergence study. 

Thus, any effects on non-target dicot plants are likely to differ based on both species and route of 

exposure. RQ values for listed species of monocot plants are below the LOC for all foliar uses. 

RQ values are not calculated for nonlisted terrestrial plants because a 25% effect was not 

observed in any species exposed to fluxpayroxad at rates up to and including the maximum 

proposed application rate; therefore, the likelihood of adverse effects to nonlisted plants is 

considered to be low. RQ values based on seed treatment uses exceed the LOC at proposed use 

rates above 0.055 lbs a.i./A (e.g., bulb vegetables, leafy vegetables, and rice) evaluated for listed 

species of dicot plants in semi-aquatic areas, but are below the LOC for all other nontarget 

plants. Risk estimates are sensitive to parameters such as incorporation depth of the seeds and 

seeding rate; in cases where seeds are incorporated greater than or equal to one inch, potential 

exposure via runoff is expected to be reduced, and risk would not exceed the LOC. It is 

uncertain to what extent exposure may occur via particulate drift from abrasion of treated seeds 

during planting and how this type of exposure may affect risk to non-target organisms.

4.2.3. Conclusions

The risk hypothesis and conceptual models articulated in the initial problem formulation of this 

assessment identified concerns that the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad may result in adverse 

effects on survival, growth and/or reproduction in aquatic organisms, and that the compound 

may pose a chronic risk to small birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, and to all size 

classes of mammals. Although fluxapyroxad was not expected to pose a risk to aquatic plants or 

to terrestrial monocots, the problem formulation indicated that there was uncertainty regarding 

the potential effects of the compound on terrestrial dicots through runoff and spray drift.

Based on this screening-level assessment, the physico-chemical properties of fluxapyroxad

indicate that the fungicide is persistent and has a potential to reach aquatic environments for 

several months or more following foliar applications and seed treatments. Although available 

ecotoxicity data demonstrate that fluxapyroxad is acutely toxic to aquatic organisms and may 

cause chronic effects, including effects linked to reproduction and sublethal behavioral effects in 

some aquatic test species, the surface water EECs that result from the proposed foliar and seed 

treatment uses, except for rice, are relatively low and the resulting risk estimates for the TGAI 

are below LOCs. For rice, while the acute and chronic RQs exceed the listed LOCs, the 

probability that listed species inhabit rice paddies is considered low; hence, the risk to listed 

species is considered low. Therefore, based on the maximum proposed use rates, the potential 

for exposure to the fluxapyroxad TGAI in surface water at a level that is likely to cause direct 

acute or chronic effects on aquatic organisms, including fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic-phase 

amphibians, and aquatic plants, is considered low. Acceptable chronic toxicity data for 

estuarine/marine animals were not available. Additional studies were not requested because 
-Page 62 of 139-

estuarine/marine animals were similarly or less acutely sensitive to the TGAI than freshwater 

animals in the acute studies; when considered in the context of the relatively low EECs, new data 

would be unlikely to change the screening-level risk conclusions. Despite the persistence of 

fluxapyroxad, its propensity to partition to sediments, its Kow and the available fish 

biocencentration data indicate that fluxapyroxad does not bioconcentrate but is instead readily 

metabolized and excreted in fish. There is greater uncertainty about the extent to which 

fluxapyroxad may persist and/or bioconcentrate in aquatic invertebrates, which may be more or 

less able to metabolize the parent compound. However, additional biococentration and 

bioaccumulation modeling is not triggered in this case because of the chemical’s relatively low 

Kow.

Formulated fluxapyroxad is in some cases more toxic than the TGAI to aquatic organisms. 

Exposure to dual-a.i. formulations of fluxapyroxad (BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®], BAS 703 02 F

[Priaxor®], and Lexicon) as a result of spray drift may result in acute mortality of listed 

freshwater fish, aquatic-phase amphibians, and freshwater invertebrates. Certain proposed uses 

of BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®] (berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, grapes, and leafy 

vegetables), BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor®] (bulb vegetables, cucurbits, grapes, and root vegetables), 

and the proposed use of Lexicon on turf also result in acute RQ values that exceed the LOC for 

nonlisted freshwater fish. Spray drift-based EECs for the proposed uses of co-formulated 

fluxapyroxad range from 0.87 to 8.71 μg/L. Although toxicity data for estuarine/marine animals 

exposed to formulated fluxapyroxad were not submitted, freshwater and estuarine/marine 

organisms generally exhibited similar responses to the TGAI; therefore, this assessment 

concludes that there is a potential for acute mortality of estuarine/marine animals when the

proposed use of BAS 703 01 F [Merivon®], BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor®], or Lexicon results in spray 

drift to estuarine/marine habitat. The greater toxicity of the dual a.i. formulations to fish and 

invertebrates, when compared to the fluxapyroxad TGAI and formulations containing 

fluxapyroxad as the only active ingredient, appears to be driven by pyraclostrobin.

Terrestrial vertebrates may be exposed to fluxapyroxad by contact with or ingestion of treated 

plants and insects. Seed-eating (granivore) birds and mammals may also be exposed to 

fluxapyroxad as a result of the proposed seed treatment use. This assessment concludes that the 

proposed foliar and seed treatment uses of fluxapyroxad may result in chronic risk to mammals

that exceed the Agency’s LOC. Chronic risk to birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians

cannot be precluded with certainty based on the available data, which demonstrated a slight (5-

7%) and transient (<14 day), but statistically significant (p<0.05), effect on body weight in 

hatchling birds at all test concentrations. This effect was uniform across all test concentrations 

(100-1,000 mg/kg diet) and although it does not appear to be dose-responsive, it is consistent 

with effects on body weight and body weight gain in rat pups (NOAEC=112 mg/kg diet) in a 

two-generation reproduction study with mammals. In order to preclude chronic risk (i.e., ensure 

RQ<1) to birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians, based on the proposed uses, an avian 

reproduction study would need to establish that no adverse effects, including effects on hatchling 

body weight, are observed at concentrations greater than or equal to 80 mg/kg diet. Given the 

flat concentration-response in this case, EFED considers it unlikely that an additional study 

would yield a NOAEC that would allow risk to be precluded at the screening level.
-Page 63 of 139-

Based on EECs and the available ecotoxicity data, the likelihood of acute mortality to mammals, 

birds, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians is considered low.

The proposed foliar use of fluxapyroxad may result in risk to listed species of terrestrial and 

semi-aquatic dicot plants, but risk to monocot plants and nonlisted dicot plants is not expected to 

exceed the LOC.

This assessment does not evaluate risk to terrestrial invertebrates. However, ecotoxicity data 

indicate that fluxpyroxad is practically non-toxic to young adult honey bees on an acute oral and 

contact exposure basis. While, non-guideline studies with beneficial insects (predatory mite, 

parasitoid wasp, green lacewing, rove beetle) and with earthworms demonstrated effects on 

reproduction and resulted in mortality in some cases, submitted semi-field studies for 

fluxapyroxad (BAS 700 00 F, a formulation of fluxapyroxad not proposed for US registration, 

and BAS 703 01 F, a formulation with fluxapyroxad and pyraclostrobin) demonstrated no overall 

effects on honey bee brood (MRIDs 47923749 and 48812702). Although honey bee queen 

breeders have expressed concerns regarding the potential effects of a similar fungicide 

formulation Pristine on queen development, studies conducted of this formulated product under 

semi-field condtions have not demonstrated any significant effect on queen development (DP 

Barcode 408124).

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species of Concern

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. Section 1536(a)(2), requires all federal 

agencies to consult with the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for marine and 

anadromous listed species, and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for listed 

wildlife and freshwater organisms, if the proposed "action" may affect listed species or their 

designated critical habitat. Each federal agency is required under the Act to ensure that any 

action it authorizes, funds, or carries out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a 

listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. 

To jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species means "to engage in an action that 

reasonably would be expected, directly or indirectly, to reduce appreciably the likelihood of both 

the survival and recovery of a listed species in the wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, 

or distribution of the species" (50 C.F.R. § 402.02).

To facilitate compliance with the requirements of the Endangered Species Act (subsection 

(a)(2)), the Office of Pesticide Programs has established procedures to evaluate whether a 

proposed registration action may directly or indirectly appreciably reduce the likelihood of both 

the survival and recovery of a listed species in the wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, 

or distribution of any listed species (USEPA 2004a). After the Agency’s screening-level risk 

assessment is conducted, if any of the Agency’s listed species LOCs are exceeded for either 

direct or indirect effects, an analysis is conducted to determine if any listed or candidate species 

may co-occur in the area of the proposed pesticide use or areas downstream or downwind that 

could be contaminated from drift or runoff/erosion. If listed or candidate species may be present 

in the proposed action area, further biological assessment is undertaken. The extent to which 
-Page 64 of 139-

listed species may be at risk is considered, which then determines the need for the development 

of a more comprehensive consultation package, as required by the Endangered Species Act.

The federal action addressed herein is the proposed registration of new foliar and seed treatment 

uses for fluxapyroxad. It is expected that the new uses of fluxapyroxad could occur nationwide.

5.1. Action Area

For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area affected 

directly or indirectly by fluxapyroxad use and not merely the immediate area where 

fluxapyroxad is applied. At the initial screening-level, the risk assessment considers broadly 

described taxonomic groups and conservatively assumes that listed species within those broad 

groups are co-located with the pesticide treatment area. This means that terrestrial plants and 

wildlife are assumed to be located on or adjacent to the treated site and aquatic organisms are 

assumed to be located in a surface water body adjacent to the treated site. The assessment also 

assumes that the listed species are located within an assumed area, which has the relatively 

highest potential exposure to the pesticide, and that exposures are likely to decrease with 

distance from the treatment area. Section 5.2 of this risk assessment presents the proposed 

pesticide use sites that are used to establish initial co-location of species with treatment areas.

5.2. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk

If the assumptions associated with the screening-level action area result in RQs that are below 

the listed species LOCs, a "no effect" determination conclusion is made with respect to listed 

species in that taxa, and no further refinement of the action area is necessary. Furthermore, RQs 

below the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group indicate no concern for indirect 

effects on listed species that depend upon the taxonomic group for which the RQ was calculated. 

However, in situations where the screening assumptions lead to RQs in excess of the listed 

species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, a potential for a "may affect" conclusion exists and 

may be associated with direct effects on listed species belonging to that taxonomic group or may 

extend to indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon that taxonomic group as a 

resource. In such cases, additional information on the biology of listed species, the locations of 

these species, and the locations of use sites are considered to determine the extent to which 

screening assumptions regarding an action area apply to a particular listed organism. These 

subsequent refinement steps will consider how this information would impact the action area for 

a particular listed organism and potentially include areas of exposure that are downwind and 

downstream of the pesticide use site.

Assessment endpoints, exposure pathways, the conceptual models addressing the proposed new 

fluxapyroxad uses, and the associated exposure and effects analyses conducted for the 

fluxapyroxad screening-level risk assessment are in Sections 2 to 3. The assessment endpoints 

used in the screening-level risk assessment include those defined operationally as reduced 

survival and reproductive impairment for both aquatic and terrestrial animal species and survival, 

reproduction, and growth of non-target aquatic and terrestrial plant species from exposure via 

spray drift and runoff. These assessment endpoints address the standard set forth in the 

Endangered Species Act requiring federal agencies to ensure that any action it authorizes does 
-Page 65 of 139-

not appreciably reduce the likelihood of both the survival and recovery of a listed species in the 

wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, or distribution of the species. Risk estimates (RQ

values) integrating exposure and effects are calculated for broad-based taxonomic groups in the 

screening-level risk assessment and are presented in Section 4.

Both acute and chronic risk to listed species LOCs are considered in the screening-level risk 

assessment to identify direct and indirect effects to taxa of listed species. This section identifies 

direct and indirect effect concerns, by taxa, that are triggered by exceeding listed species LOCs 

in the screening-level risk assessment (Table 5.1). When applicable, probit dose response 

analysis is used to evaluate the probability of individual acute effects for exposures that occur at 

the established listed species LOC (Section 5.2.1). Data on exposure and effects collected under 

field (when available) and laboratory conditions are evaluated to make determinations on the 

predictive utility of the direct effect screening assessment findings to listed species. 

Table 5.1 Potential effects to federally listed taxa associated with the proposed uses of fluxapyroxad.

Listed Taxon

Direct Effects Indirect Effects from Risk to Other Taxa

Yes/No Acute/Chronic Yes/No Through ...

Terrestrial and semiaquatic plants –

monocots and dicots

Yes

(dicots 

only)

NA Yes

Chronic effects on birds, terrestrial-phase 

amphibians, and mammals, when required 

for pollination or seed dispersal.

Birds Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on mammals that serve as 

prey; chronic effects on reptiles and 

amphibians that serve as prey.

Terrestrial-phase 

amphibians Yes Chronic Yes Chronic effects on mammals which provide habitat (e.g., burrows) and serve as prey.

Reptiles Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on mammals that serve as 

prey; chronic effects on birds, reptiles, and 

amphibians that serve as prey.

Mammals Yes Chronic Yes

Chronic effects on birds, reptiles, and 

amphibians that serve as prey; chronic 

effects on mammals that serve as prey.

Aquatic plants No NA Yes Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

serve as primary producers.

Freshwater fish Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Aquatic-phase 

amphibians Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Chronic effects on terrestrial-phase 

amphibians; effects on semi-aquatic dicot 

plants that provide habitat and serve as 

primary producers.

Freshwater invertebrates Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Molluscs No NA Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Marine/estuarine fish Yes Acute Yes Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 
-Page 66 of 139-

Listed Taxon

Direct Effects Indirect Effects from Risk to Other Taxa

Yes/No Acute/Chronic Yes/No Through ...

(dual a.i. EPs only) provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers.

Marine/estuarine 

invertebrates Yes Acute

(dual a.i. EPs only) Yes

Effects on semi-aquatic dicot plants that 

provide habitat and serve as primary 

producers. EP End-use product. NA Not applicable.

5.2.1. Probit Dose-Response Analysis

The Agency uses the probit dose-response relationship as a tool for providing additional 

information on the potential for acute direct effects to individual listed species and to terrestrial 

and aquatic animals that may indirectly affect the listed species of concern (USEPA 2004a). 

Based on the available acute toxicity data and RQ values for fluxapyroxad, a summary of the 

probit dose-response analysis is provided in Table 5.2. If no dose-response information is 

available to estimate a slope for this analysis, a default slope assumption of 4.5 (with lower and 

upper bounds of 2 to 9) is used (Urban and Cook 1986). Individual effect probabilities are 

calculated based on a Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet tool IECV1.1 (Individual Effect Chance 

Model Version 1.1) developed by the U.S. EPA, OPP, Environmental Fate and Effects Division 

(June 22, 2004). The model allows for such calculations by entering the mean slope estimate 

(and the 95% confidence bounds of that estimate) as the slope parameter for the spreadsheet. 

The desired threshold for the probability of an individual effect is entered as the listed species 

LOC. In addition, the probability of an individual effect is also derived based on the calculated 

acute RQ, if available.

As shown in Table 5.2, the chance of acute direct effects (i.e., mortality) to individual listed fish

at the listed species LOC is 1 in 4.18 x 108 (95% CI: 216 to 1.75 x 1031). However, at the highest 

derived RQ value (1.94; Table 4.6) for the proposed uses of dual a.i. formulations of

fluxapyroxad, the chances of an individual effect increase for fish to approximately 1 in 1. For 

freshwater invertebrates, the chance of acute direct effects (i.e., mortality) at the listed species 

LOC is 1 in 8.19 x 1031 (95% CI: 1.66 x 1013 to 5.58 x 1061). At the highest derived RQ value 

(1.05; Table 4.6) for dual a.i. formulations of fluxapyroxad, the chances increase to 1 in 2. 

These probabilities are based on exposure to formulated fluxapyroxad (BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor]) 

in surface water from spray drift only. In the absence of ecotoxicity data for estuarine/marine 

animals exposed to formulated fluxapyroxad, this assessment assumes that the likelihood of an 

individual effect for these taxa is similar to that for freshwater fish and invertebrates. The 

likelihood of an individual acute effect is not calculated for acute oral exposure to birds and 

mammals because an effect is considered unlikely.
-Page 67 of 139-

Table 5.2. Summary of fluxapyroxad probit dose response analysis for listed species.

Taxa (study type) Acute Effect

Slope (95% C.I.)

Chance of Individual 

Effect at Listed Species 

LOC (95% C.I.)

Chance of Individual 

Effect at Derived Acute 

RQ1 (95% C.I.)

Bird oral dose No mortality observed Not calculated; no 

mortality observed

Not calculated; no 

mortality observed

Bird dietary Mortality1

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 2.94 x 105

(1 in 44 to

1 in 8.86 x 1018)

1 in 2.76 x 1011

(1 in 862 to

1 in 2.14 x 1042)

Mammal oral dose No mortality observed Not calculated; no 

mortality observed

Not calculated; no 

mortality observed

Freshwater fish

Mortality2

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 2.76 x 1011

(1 in 862 to

1 in 2.14 x 1042)

Mortality (dual a.i. EPs)3

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 2.07

(1 in 2.03

to 1 in 2.13)

Freshwater invertebrate

Mortality4

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 8.86 x 1018

(1 in 31.6 x 104 to

1 in 1.03 x 1072)

Mortality (dual a.i. EPs)5

Slope 9.1 (5.7 – 13)

1 in 8.19 x 1031

(1 in 1.66 x 1013 to

1 in 5.58 x 1063)

1 in 165

(1 in 17.2 to

1 in 5,920)

Estuarine/marine fish Mortality6

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 8.86 x 1018

(1 in 3.16 x 104 to

1 in 1.03 x 1072)

Estuarine/marine 

crustacean

Mortality6

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 8.86 x 1018

(1 in 3.16 x 104 to

1 in 1.03 x 1072

Estuarine/marine mollusc Mortality6

Slope NA = 4.5 (2 – 9)

1 in 4.18 x 108

(1 in 216 to

1 in 1.75 x 1031)

1 in 8.86 x 1018

(1 in 3.16 x 104 to

1 in 1.03 x 1072

1

 Maximum acute dietary RQ = 0.03 (birds). 2

 Based on exposure to the TGAI. Maximum acute RQ (0.03) did not exceed the LOC. 3

 Based on exposure to the fluxpyroxad EP (BAS 703 02 F). Maximum acute RQ used in calculation (0.98) is 

based on spray drift from application to stone fruit.

4

 Based on exposure to the TGAI. Maximum acute RQ (<0.01) did not exceed the LOC. 5 Based on exposure to the fluxpyroxad EP (BAS 703 02 F). Maximum acute RQ used in calculation (0.53) is based 

on spray drift from application to stone fruit.

6

 Based on exposure to the TGAI. Maximum acute RQ (0.01) did not exceed the LOC. EP End-use product. NA Not available.

5.2.2. Listed Species Occurrence with Proposed New Use of Fluxapyroxad

A preliminary analysis of the co-occurrence of listed species and the proposed new uses of 

fluxapyroxad was conducted using OPP’s LOCATES database (v. 2.2.5). The goal of the 

analysis for co-location is to determine whether sites of pesticide use are geographically 

associated with known locations of listed species. The objective is to provide insight into the 

potential for exposure of listed species and to identify those areas, crop uses, and listed species 

that warrant further attention. The LOCATES database uses location information for listed 

species at the county level and compares it to agricultural census data for crop production at the 

same county level of resolution. The product is a listing of federally-listed species that are 

located within counties known to produce the crops upon which the pesticide is proposed for use. 
-Page 68 of 139-

Appendix E provides a species listing by state for those listed species that may potentially be 

impacted by the proposed new uses of fluxapyroxad.

A tabulation of the number of unique listed species in each state that may co-occur with the 

proposed new use of fluxapyroxad as a seed treatment on rapeseed is provided in Table 5.3. 

Although this assessment does not evaluate risk to terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial 

invertebrates are included in the tabulation of species that may co-occur with areas of 

fluxapyroxad use. Secondary effects may occur in predatory birds, reptiles, amphibians, and 

mammals that rely on mammals, birds, reptiles, or terrestrial amphibians as prey. LOCATES 

does not currently differentiate between different feeding guilds or identify those plant species 

that require particular interactions for pollination or seed dispersal. Therefore, the number of 

potentially affected listed mammals, birds (also reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians), and 

terrestrial plants may be overestimated and include species that are not likely to be indirectly 

affected if they do not (1) rely on mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, or seeds as prey or (2) 

require mammals or birds for pollination or seed dispersal.

Based on the results of the LOCATES database query, there are a total of 2,231 unique listed 

species of terrestrial plants, birds, reptiles, terrestrial and aquatic-phase amphibians, mammals, 

and terrestrial invertebrates associated with counties where fluxapyroxad may be used 

nationwide based on the proposed uses. A total of 53 states and territories have listed species 

that are potentially affected by direct or secondary effects of fluxapyroxad exposure and are 

associated with crops where fluxapyroxad is proposed for use. Hawaii has the highest number 

(400) of listed species in the identified taxa that may co-occur with the proposed fluxapyroxad

uses, followed by California (294), Alabama (111), and Florida (109). It should be noted that the 

labels for the proposed uses indicate that the products are not registered for use in California.

This preliminary analysis indicates that there is potential for fluxapyroxad use to overlap with 

listed species and that a more refined assessment is warranted. The more refined assessment 

should involve clear delineation of the action area associated with proposed uses of fluxapyroxad

and the best available information on the temporal and spatial co-location of listed species with 

respect to the action area. This analysis has not been conducted for this screening level 

assessment.
-Page 69 of 139-

Table 5.3. Tabulation by state and taxonomic group of listed species at potential risk of direct or secondary effects of proposed fluxapyroxad uses.

State

AmphibiansBirdsConiferCoralsCrustaceans and BivalvesDicot PlantsFerns and LichensFishOther InvertebratesMammalsMonocot PlantsReptilesTotal per State

Alabama 2 4 47 13 3 15 14 5 4 4 111

Alaska 2 5 7

Arizona 2 6 16 19 3 8 2 2 58

Arkansas 1 4 12 6 7 2 4 1 37

California 6 15 2 8 161 21 26 30 18 7 294

Colorado 5 13 6 2 3 1 30

Connecticut 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 9

Delaware 1 1 1 1 1 5

Florida 2 12 1 2 15 48 1 4 4 11 3 6 109

Georgia 2 6 1 17 15 3 8 2 5 6 2 67

Guam 5 1 2 4 12

Hawaii 29 1 271 16 61 2 20 400

Idaho 4 5 4 4 1 18

Illinois 2 9 7 2 3 2 2 27

Indiana 1 9 4 2 2 1 1 20

Iowa 2 4 3 3 1 1 2 16

Kansas 3 1 1 5 1 2 1 14

Kentucky 6 24 9 6 1 4 50

Louisiana 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 17

Maine 2 1 2 2 2 9

Maryland 1 1 5 1 2 2 2 1 15

Massachusetts 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 13

Michigan 2 4 4 1 4 3 3 1 22

Minnesota 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 12
-Page 70 of 139

-

State

AmphibiansBirdsConiferCoralsCrustaceans and BivalvesDicot PlantsFerns and LichensFishOther InvertebratesMammalsMonocot PlantsReptilesTotal per State

Mississippi14 1021455 32

Missouri11976231 30

Montana32331 12

Nebraska423222 15

Nevada29 222111 38

New Hampshire111112

7

New Jersey2131131 12

New Mexico152 13 13651 46

New York235112121 18

North Carolina48 21153752 56

North Dakota3221

8

Northern 51

6

Ohio18413121 21

Oklahoma6341321 20

Oregon41 14 14232 40

Pennsylvania16121 11

Puerto Rico382 337166 66

Rhode Island211111

7

South Carolina161 1321161 32

South Dakota423111 12

Tennessee3 42 152 20432 91

Texas4 121 269 2063 81

Utah3 2381321 41

Vermont1122

6
-Page 71 of 139-

State

AmphibiansBirdsConiferCoralsCrustaceans and BivalvesDicot PlantsFerns and LichensFishOther InvertebratesMammalsMonocot PlantsReptilesTotal per State

Virgin Islands 2 2 1 5

Virginia 1 3 25 13 8 4 5 4 1 64

Washington 4 9 6 1 8 1 29

West Virginia 1 7 4 1 2 2 17

Wisconsin 2 5 5 2 2 2 18

Wyoming 1 3 3 6 3 2 18
-Page 72 of 139-

6. Additional Description of Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, 

Strengths and Data Gaps 

Aquatic Exposure

The labels specify that, for multiple applications of fluxapyroxad, no more than two applications 

should be made consecutively before alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action. 

For several of the use scenarios, three and four applications of fluxapyroxad were modeled as 

consecutive applications without consideration of using a second fungicide. The Tier I model 

used for estimating aquatic exposure, GENEEC, does not have the capability to model multiple 

applications with varying retreatment intervals. While higher tier modeling such as with PRZM 

and EXAMS does allow for varying retreatment intervals, as the labels do not specify a 

particular alternative to be used for multiple applications, it is uncertain how long the retreatment 

interval between applications 2 and 3 should be. The employed approach is expected to 

overestimate chronic aquatic concentrations, but given fluxapyroxad’s persistence, the potential 

overestimation is expected to be slight.

The GENEEC model was used to generate EECs for seed treatments. These EECs are probably

very conservative, particularly when assuming a depth of incorporation of 0 cm. Larger seeds 

would likely be planted at soil depths where pesticide transport to the surface for entrainment

into runoff or for consumption by terrestrial species would presumably be lessened. To the 

extent that this is the case, GENEEC EECs for seed treatments may overestimate aquatic 

cocnentrations.

Risk to aquatic organisms from exposure to fluxapyroxad was estimated using GENEEC-based

EECs. GENEEC does not account for year-to-year accumulation of pesticides in aquatic 

ecosystems with repeated annual applications, such as might occur in static or slowly-moving 

water bodies, particularly given fluxapyroxad’s persistence. GENEEC is a single-event model 

that assumes a large rainfall/runoff event occurs, which transports a large quantity of pesticide 

from a field to an adjacent water body. Longer-term, multiple-day average concentrations are 

calculated based on the peak concentration, and considering any subsequent degradation. As a 

consequence, GENEEC may underestimate concentrations in relatively static water bodies where 

fluxapyroxad is applied to the contributing drainage area over many consecutive years. In lotic 

ecosystems this is not an issue.

Risk to aquatic organisms from exposure to fluxapyroxad end-products was estimated using 

PRZM/EXAMS EECs, considering only spray drift. The standard pond simulated with EXAMS 

is a static water body of fixed volume and no outlet (i.e., no discharge). The linked PRZM and 

EXAMS models are ordinarily used to simulate daily weather-driven runoff and spray drift from 

a treated agricultural field over a thirty year time span. Each new additional load of pesticide to 

the water-body contributes to the total mass present, which includes pesticide remaining after 

having been delivered by previous previous runoff and/or spray-drift events. Especially 

persistent pesticides may thus accumulate essentially without bound. Fluxapyroxad is 

sufficiently persistent in aquatic environments that accumulation occurs essentially continuously 

over the 30 simulated years. The “1-in-10 year” EECs obtained from the model runs thus do not 
-Page 73 of 139-

reflect randomly varying meteorological conditions and an associated one-in-ten year return 

frequency, since annual maximum concentrations are not independent of each other, but rather 

are serially correlated. For this reason, PRZM/EXAMS results potentially overestimate aquatic 

EECs for all static water bodies. Even for static waters the model results are conservative, since 

over the course of thirty years some loss of fluxapyroxad would be expected due to burial of 

sediment and other dissipation processes not simulated by the models. Fluxapyroxad 

concentrations in flowing (e.g., lotic) waters are not expected to substantially accumulate from 

year to year because of advective and dispersive removal processes. Thus risks to freshwater 

fish and invertebrates from accumulation of fluxapyroxad due to multiple years of application 

are not expected in flowing systems.

The Tier I Rice model was used to estimate EECs for aquatic organisms that may use rice 

paddies as habitat. While this screening-level model is designed to conservatively estimate 

EECs, the acute EEC is within an order of magnitude of concentrations observed in the aquatic 

field dissipation study designed to mimic rice applications. Cultural practices including rice and 

freshwater fish and invertebrates together have been documented (LSU AgCenter, 2007), but it is 

uncertain whether any listed species would be found in, and therefore exposed to water 

concentrations in, rice paddies. While the Tier I Rice model does not account for pesticide 

degradation, given fluxapyroxad’s persistence in soil and aquatic environments, the chronic 

concentration is expected to be similar in magnitude to the acute concentration.

Terrestrial Exposure

Supervised field trials with legume vegetables, sunflower, canola, and sugar beet indicate that 

mean residues of fluxapyroxad declined by approximately half in the three-to-four weeks (21 to 

28 days) following application, while field trials indicate that fluxapyroxad was more persistent 

on cereal crops (e.g., rice, barley, bulb vegetables, fruiting vegetables, grapes, root vegetables, 

strawberries, and wheat), with residues in these matrices declining only slightly or remaining the 

same for the duration of the trial (30 days). Field trials for brassica, berries, and cucumbers had 

mixed results, with some trials indicating a more rapid decline in fluxapyroxad, with a decline to 

half of the residue in 3-7 days, while some trials indicated no decline over a 7-day period. 

Therefore, the default foliar dissipation value of 35 days used in estimating terrestrial exposure 

may underestimate or overestimate persistence depeneding on the crop. It is uncertain whether 

fluxapyroxad residues will accumulate in the terrestrial environment following repeated use over 

multiple seasons or years. However, even based upon the default foliar dissipation value, at the 

maximum proposed application rate, even a single application of fluxpyroxad would result in an 

RQ value that exceeds the Agency’s LOC for chronic risk to mammals.

The potential effects of the formulated product BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] on seedling emergence 

of terrestrial plants are uncertain because of potential adjuvant interference in results for onion 

(the most sensitive monocot species), cabbage (the most sensitive dicot species), and tomato. 

Although no effects greater than 25% were observed in that study, the NOAEL values from that 

study were the most sensitive endpoints for terrestrial plant seedling emergence from any of the 

submitted studies and were used in risk estimation for fluxapyroxad. However, the uncertainty 

regarding potential adjuvant effects on these species and endpoints reduces confidence in the risk 

conclusions that are based upon these endpoints.
-Page 74 of 139-

Acute risk to birds from seed treatment uses may potentially be overestimated. In order to reach 

the equivalent to the acute dietary toxicity endpoint, the amount of seed needed to be consumed 

by birds feeding exclusively on treated seed is equivalent to 16.2 g, or more than three times the 

normal amount of seed ingested by a 20 g bird (the Nagy allometry food ingestion rate is 

approximately 5 g/day). While smaller, migrating birds may consume large amounts of seeds, in 

magnitudes that approach or exceed their own body weight, in a short period of time (e.g., one 

day or less), the likelihood of frank mortality is considered low given the acute endpoint is much 

higher than the EECs. 

Exposure from seed treatment uses is likely to be overestimated for scenarios where seeds are 

incorporated. Seed incorporation would reduce the transport via runoff to non-target plants and 

surface water and would further reduce the likelihood of seed consumption by birds and 

mammals.

Data Gaps

There are no fate data gaps for fluxapyroxad. It should be noted that low carbon dioxide (CO2)

levels were observed in the aerobic soil metabolism studies, along with a lack of transformation 

product formation (MRID 47923684). These observations, coupled with the fact that 

fluxapyroxad is moderately to slightly mobile, indicate that the estimated aerobic soil half-life 

values may be more representative of sorption rather than of biotransformation. If this is the 

case, then over time, repeated use of fluxapyroxad could result in saturation of soil sorption sites, 

resulting in greater potential for runoff of fluxapyroxad than is accounted for in EFED’s models.

There are no acceptable chronic toxicity data for estuarine/marine fish or aquatic invertebrates. 

The submitted life cycle study with mysid shrimp was classified as invalid, and no other chronic 

studies have been submitted. An ecological risk assessment conducted in 2012 (DP Barcode 

376883, March 2012) lists numerous other studies that are classified as supplemental based on 

meaningful guideline deviations and/or uncertainty regarding the study results. Specifically, the 

early life stage test with freshwater fish, three spiked sediment toxicity tests with benthic 

invertebrates, three toxicity tests with nonvascular aquatic plants, the acute oral toxicity test with 

zebra finch, the avian reproduction study with bobwhite quail, and the seedling emergence test 

with BAS 703 02 F [Priaxor] are each classified as supplemental. However, additional data are 

not being requested for these studies at this time because such data would be unlikely to impact 

the screening level risk conclusions based on the currently proposed uses.

7. References

Anderson, P., Oelke, E., Simmons, S. 2008. Growth and Development Guide for Spring Barley. Available online at 

http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC2548.html.

Becker, J., and S. Ratnayake. 2011. Acres Planted per Day and Seeding Rates of Crops Grown in the United States. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Biological and Economic Analysis Division.

Conley, S.P., and J. Gaska. 2007. Winter wheat seeding rate, depth, and planting date. University of Wisconsin

Integrated Pest and Crop Management. Available online at 

http://ipcm.wisc.edu/WCMNews/tabid/53/EntryId/366/Winter-Wheat-Seeding-Rate-Depth-and-Planting-
-Page 75 of 139-

Date.aspx.

Domagalski, .L., and K.M. Kuivila. 1993. Distributions of pesticides and organic contaminants between water and 

suspended sediment, San Francisco Bay, California. Estuaries 16 (3A): 416 – 426.

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, and T.G. Pfleeger. 1994. Literature review and evaluation of the EPA food-chain 

(Kenaga) nomogram, and instrument for estimating pesticide residues on plants. Environmental 

Toxicology and Chemistry 13 (9):1383-1391.

Hoerger, F., and E.E. Kenaga. 1972. Pesticide residues on plants: Correlation of representative data as a basis for 

estimation of their magnitude in the environment. In F. Coulston and F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality 

and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and Technology, Georg Thieme Publ, Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-

28.

Klaassen, M. and A. Lindstrom. 1996. Departure fuel loads in time-minimizing migrating birds can be explained 

by the energy costs of being heavy. Journal of Theoretical Biologu 183: 29 – 34.

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center (LSU AgCenter). 2007. Louisiana Crawfish Production Manual. 

Publication Number 2637

Urban, D.J., and N. Cook. 1986. Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA 540/9–85-001. Office of Pesticide Programs. 

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 

USEPA. 2011. Ecological risk assessment to support the proposed new use of pyraclostrobin on rapeseeed 

(cultivars, varieties, and/or hybrids, including canola and crambe), sweet corn, and sugar beet and as an 

encapsulated product on field corn, pop corn, and seed production corn. Ross, L., and R. Miller. 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C. DP Barcodes 

D380640, D380650, D384006, D384010, D384012, and D385442.

USEPA 2009a. Pesticides; Data Requirements for Conventional Chemicals, Technical Amendments, and Data 

Requirements for Biochemical and Microbial Pesticides; Final Rule. FR 72(207):60933-60988.

USEPA 2009b. Water models. Available online at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/.

USEPA 2009c. ECOTOXicology Database, v. 4.0. Available online at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/.

USEPAd. Ecological Incident Information System, v. 2.1 . Description online at 

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/science/models_db.htm.

USEPA 2009e. Input Parameter Guidance. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, 

Washington, D.C. Available online at 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_parameter_guidance.htm.

USEPA 2008a. Science Advisory Panel (SAP): Selected Issues Associated with the Risk Assessment Process for 

Pesticides with Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Characteristics. Office of Prevention, Pesticides 

and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C. 

USEPA 2008b. User’s Guide T-REX Version 1.4.1 (Terrestrial Residue Exposure model). 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/trex/t_rex_user_guide.htm#references

USEPA 2004a. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency. Endangered and Threatened Species Effects Determinations. Office of 

Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C. Available 

online at http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/endanger/consultation/ecorisk-overview.pdf.
-Page 76 of 139-

USEPA 2004b. A Discussion with the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel Regarding the Terrestrial and Aquatic 

Level II Refined Risk Assessment Models (Version 2.0), Chapter 4. Support Document for Scientific 

Advisory Panel Meeting Scheduled from March 30 - April 2, 2004. March 4, 2004. Environmental Fate and 

Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 

Available at http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2004/033004_mtg.htm

USEPA 1998. Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-95/002F. Published in 63 FR 26846; May 

14, 1998. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. April, 1998.

USEPA 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/R-13/187a. Office of Research and Development, 

Washington, D.C.

Willis, G.H. and L.L. McDowell. 1987. Pesticide persistence on foliage. Reviews of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology 100: 23-73.

Fate MRIDs

MRID: 47923505

Kroehl, T. (2006) Physical Properties: Pure Active Ingredient. Project Number: 2006/1036276/OCR, 

267469/1/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 20 p.

MRID: 47923509

Wilfinger, W. (2008) Water Solubility of BAS 700 F at 20 Degrees Celsius. Project Number: 2007/1056999/OCR, 

267487/1EXT/OCR, 20071489/01/PCSB. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins-GAB GmbH. 53 p.

MRID: 47923511

Wilfinger, W. (2008) Partition Coefficient of BAS 700 F (HPLC Method). Project Number: 2007/1057001/OCR, 

20071489/01/PCPC/OCR, 267475/1EXT. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins - GAB GmbH. 42 p.

MRID: 47923513

Hassink, J. (2009) Aqueous Photolysis of BAS 700 F. Project Number: 2009/1031228/OCR, 314718/OCR. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 26 p.

MRID: 47923514

Wilfinger, W. (2008) Dissociation Constant of BAS 700 F in Water. Project Number: 2007/1057000/OCR, 

267478/1EXT/OCR, 20071489/01/PCDC. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins - GAB GmbH. 30 p.

MRID: 47923684

Malinsky, D. (2010) Aerobic Soil Metabolism of (Carbon 14)-BAS 700 F on US Soils: Final Report. Project 

Number: 2009/7003246/ocr, 002/57/01//US/319649, 2009/7003246. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Agricultural Research Center. 139 p.

MRID: 47923688

Malinsky, D. (2010) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of (Carbon 14)-BAS 700 F on US Soil: Final Report. Project 

Number: 2009/7003247/ocr, //SubNo/201002/56/01, 2009/7003247. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Agricultural Research Center. 131 p.

MRID: 47923690

Hassink, J. (2009) Soil Photolysis of BAS 700 F. Project Number: 2009/1013342/US/ocr, EU/314704, 

2009/1013342. Unpublished study prepared by BASF SE. 42 p.

MRID: 47923691

Ta, C. (2010) Rate of Degradation of BAS 700 F in Soils: Final Report. Project Number: 2009/7006123/ocr, 

//SubNo/201002/37/01, 209/7006123. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center 

and Agvise, Inc. 133 p.
-Page 77 of 139-

MRID: 47923695

Jordan, J.; Warren, R. (2010) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of BAS 700 F Following Applications of BAS 700 AC F 

in Legumes. Project Number: 2009/7006030/ocr, //SubNo/201003/03/01, 2009/7006030. Unpublished 

study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 293 p.

MRID: 47923696

Jordan, J.; Warren, R. (2010) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of BAS 700 F Following Applications of BAS 700 AC F 

or BAS 700 AE F in Vegetable Use Patterns. Project Number: 2009/7006032/ocr, //SubNo/201003/02/01, 

2009/7006032. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 756 p.

MRID: 47923697

Jordan, J. (2010) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of BAS 700 F Following Applications of BAS 700 AC F in Orchard 

and Vineyard Use Patterns. Project Number: 2009/7006033/ocr, //SubNo/201002/60/01, 2009/7006033. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 505 p.

MRID: 47923707

Hassink, J.; Stephan, A. (2009) Determination of the Adsorption/Desorption Behaviour of BAS 700 F on Different 

Soils. Project Number: 2009/1065633/OCR, 2009/1065633, 314706. Unpublished study prepared by 

BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 78 p.

MRID: 47923713

Ebert, D. (2009) Degradation of BAS 700 F in Water/Sediment Systems under Aerobic Conditions. Project 

Number: 2009/1004082/OCR, 2009/1004082, 314715. Unpublished study prepared by BASF 

Aktiengesellschaft. 151 p.

MRID: 47923714

Ta, C. (2010) BAS 700 F: Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism. Project Number: 2009/7006124/OCR, 2009/7006124, 

319648. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agro Research and Agvise Laboratories, Inc. 105 p.

MRID: 47923730

Hafemann, C.; Kloeppner, U. (2009) Bioconcentration and Metabolism of BAS 700 F in Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis 

macrochirus). Project Number: 2009/1012801/OCR, 2009/1012801, 315780. Unpublished study prepared 

by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 163 p.

MRID: 48409101

Hassink, J. (2011) BAS 700 F: Aqueous Hydrolysis at Four Different pH Values (Including Amendment No. 1). 

Project Number: 324301, 2011/7000318. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 19 p.

MRID: 48812602

Citation: Newcombe, A.; Houck, V.; Warren, R. (2012) Aquatic Dissipation of BAS 700 F Under Dry-seeded 

(Louisiana) and Water-seeded (California) Rice Production Conditions: Final Report. Project Number: 

2012/7003520/OCR, 366180. Unpublished study prepared by Arcadis, ADPEN Laboratories, Inc. 947p.

MRID: 48809901

Citation: Jordan, J.; Warren, R. (2012) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of BAS 700 F following Broadcast Applications 

of BAS 700 AC F in Turf: Final Report. Project Number: 2009/7006031/OCR, 205/17/01, 347448. 

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Agricultural Research Center. 494p.
-Page 78 of 139-

Appendix A. Current and Proposed New Uses, Fluxapyroxad

Current and proposed products for registration containing fluxapyroxad

End-Use Product 

Name

Summary Formulation Details:

Formulation Type

lb fluxapyroxad/gal of product

(lb ai pyraclostrobin/gal of product)

Application Type Crops

Currently Registered Products

Imbrex

BAS 700 01 F 

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-306

Emulsifiable Concentrate

0.52

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Existing: Wheat, barley, corn, bean and pea legumes, 

peanuts, pome and stone fruits, fruiting vegetables, oil 

seed, root and tuberous vegetable crops.

Proposed: Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

cucurbits, grapes, leafy vegetables, rice, root 

vegetables, sorghum and millet, strawberries, 

sugarcane, and tree nuts

Xemium 2.78

BAS 700 02 F 

Fungicide Seed 

Treatment

Reg No. 7969-307

Suspension Concentrate

0.78 Seed Treatment

Existing: Barley, corn, cotton, dried shelled peas and 

beans, edible podded legume vegetables, oat, peanut, 

rye, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, wheat and triticale 

seed

Proposed: Brassica vegetable, bulb vegetable, 

cucurbit, leafy vegetable, rapeseed, rice, and root and 

tuber vegetable seed

Xemium 2.72

BAS 700 03 F 

Fungicide Seed 

Treatment

Reg No. 7969-308

Suspension Concentrate

2.72 Seed Treatment

Existing: Barley, corn, cotton, dried shelled peas and 

beans, edible podded legume vegetables, oat, peanut, 

rye, sorghum, soybean, sunflower, wheat and triticale 

seed

Proposed: Brassica vegetable, bulb vegetable, 

cucurbit, leafy vegetable, rapeseed, rice, and root and 

tuber vegetable seed

Sercadis

BAS 700 04 F 

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-309

Suspension Concentrate

2.47

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Existing: Cereals, bean and pea legumes, peanuts, 

pome and stone fruits, fruiting vegetables, oil seed, 

root and root and tuberous vegetable crops

Proposed: Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

cucurbits, grapes, leafy vegetables, rice, root 

vegetables, sorghum and millet, strawberries, 

sugarcane, and tree nuts
-Page 79 of 139-

End-Use Product 

Name

Summary Formulation Details:

Formulation Type

lb fluxapyroxad/gal of product

(lb ai pyraclostrobin/gal of product)

Application Type Crops

Currently Registered Products

Merivon

BAS 703 01 F 

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-310

Suspension Concentrate

2.09

(2.09 Pyraclostrobin)

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Existing: Pome and stone fruits, fruiting vegetables, 

oil seed, soybean, and root and tuberous vegetable 

crops.

Proposed: Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

cucurbits, grapes, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, 

strawberries, and tree nuts

Priaxor

BAS 703 02 F 

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-311

Suspension Concentrate

1.39

(2.78 Pyraclostrobin)

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Existing: Cereals, fruiting vegetables, oilseed crops, 

peanut, soybean, and root and tuber vegetables crops.

Proposed: Berries and small fruits, bulb vegetables, 

cucurbits, grapes, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, 

sorghum and millet, strawberries, sugarcane, and tree 

nuts

New Product for Registration

Lexicon

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-GLN

Suspension Concentrate

1.39

(2.78 Pyraclostrobin)

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Proposed: Turf (residential, commercial, golf 

courses, sod farms)

Xzemplar

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-GUO

Suspension Concentrate

2.47

Foliar

Aerial and ground

Proposed: Turf (residential, commercial, golf 

courses, sod farms)

Xemium 703

Fungicide

Reg No. 7969-GLE

Suspension Concentrate

2.09

(2.09 Pyraclostrobin)

Seed Treatment

Proposed: Brassica vegetable, bulb vegetable, corn, 

cotton, cucurbit, leafy vegetable, rapeseed, root and 

tuber vegetable, and soybean seed
-Page 80 of 139-

Proposed Use Information for Fluxapyroxad Products

EUP Crop

Max Single 

App Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

Number of 

Applications

Minimum 

Retreatment 

Interval

Max 

Annual 

App Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

Notes

Imbrex

(BAS 700 01F)

Sercadis

(BAS 700 04F)

Merivon

(BAS 703 01F)

Berries and small fruits 0.18 3 7 0.54 1

Brassica leafy vegetables 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Bulb vegetables 0.18 3 7 0.54 1

Cucurbits 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.18 3 NS 0.54 1

Grapes 0.09 6 10 0.54 1

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 0.18 3 7 0.54 1

Rice 0.135 2 7 0.27 1,2

Root vegetables (except sugarbeet) 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Sorghum and millet 0.09 2 NS 0.18 1, 2

Strawberries 0.18 3 7 0.54 1

Sugarcane 0.11 2 14 0.22 1, 2

Tree nuts 0.11 3 7 0.33 1

Priaxor

(BAS 703 02F)

Berries and small fruits 0.10 3 7 0.29 1

Brassica leafy vegetables 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Bulb vegetables 0.08 3 7 0.24 1

Cucurbits 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Grapes (Botrytis disease) 0.07 3 NS 0.22 1

Grapes 0.07 3 10 0.22 1

Leafy vegetables (except Brassica) 0.10 3 7 0.30 1

Root vegetables (except sugarbeet) 0.09 3 7 0.27 1

Sorghum and millet 0.09 1 NA 0.09 1

Strawberries 0.10 3 7 0.29 1

Sugarcane 0.10 2 14 0.17 1

Tree nuts 0.06 3 7 0.18 1

Xemium 2.78

(BAS 700 02F)

and 

Xemium 2.72 

(BAS 700 03F)

Bulb vegetable seed 0.19 1 NA 0.19 Based on 75 lbs seed/acre (onion)

Brassica seed 0.003 1 NA 0.003 Based on 8.2 lbs seed/acre (rape)

Cucurbit seed 0.005 1 NA 0.005 Based on 11.6 lbs seed/acre (cucumber)

Leafy vegetable seed 0.08 1 NA 0.08 Based on 40 lbs seed/acre (parsely)

Rapeseed 0.002 1 NA 0.002 Based on 8.2 lbs seed/acre (rape)
-Page 81 of 139-

EUP Crop

Max Single 

App Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

Number of 

Applications

Minimum 

Retreatment 

Interval

Max 

Annual 

App Rate

(lbs a.i./A)

Notes

Rice seed 0.065 1 NA 0.065 Based on 129 lbs seed/acre (rice)

Root and tuber seed 0.04 1 NA 0.04 Based on 100 lbs seed/acre (ginseng)

Xemium 703

Bulb vegetable seed 0.06 1 NA 0.06 Based on 75 lbs seed/acre (onion)

Brassica seed 0.007 1 NA 0.007 Based on 8.2 lbs seed/acre (rape)

Corn seed 0.007 1 NA 0.007 Based on 33.2 lbs seed/acre (corn)

Cotton seed3 0.008 1 NA 0.008 Based on 18.9 lbs seed/acre (cotton)

Cucurbit seed 0.007 1 NA 0.007 Based on 11.6 lbs seed/acre (cucumber)

Leafy vegetable seed 0.024 1 NA 0.024 Based on 40 lbs seed/acre (parsely)

Rapeseed 0.002 1 NA 0.002 Based on 8.2 lbs seed/acre (rape)

Root and tuber seed 0.06 1 NA 0.06 Based on 100 lbs seed/acre (ginseng)

Soybean3 0.033 1 NA 0.033 Based on 166.7 lbs seed/acre (soybean)

Lexicon Turf 0.23 NS 14 0.80 1

Xzemplar Turf 0.22 NS 14 0.79 1

NS - not specified. NA - not applicable

Notes

1. Only 2 consecutive applications before alternating to a labeled fungicide w/ different mode of action.

2. Merivon not proposed for registration on rice, sorghum and millet, or sugarcane.

3. Rates are twice as high as currently registered rates for cotton and soybean on Xemium 2.78 and Xemium 2.72

4. Seeding rates obtained from USEPA model TREX Version 1.5.1 (http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm#trex).
-Page 82 of 139-

Appendix B. GENEEC Results

 Foliar Applications

 RUN No. 1 FOR fluxapyroxad ON berries * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .180( .537) 3 7 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 15.17 15.11 14.74 13.94 13.38

 RUN No. 2 FOR fluxapyroxad ON brassica * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .090( .268) 3 7 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 7.59 7.56 7.37 6.97 6.69

 RUN No. 3 FOR fluxapyroxad ON grape botr * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)
-Page 83 of 139-

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .180( .539) 3 3 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 15.22 15.16 14.78 13.98 13.42

 RUN No. 4 FOR fluxapyroxad ON grapes * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .090( .529) 6 10 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 14.98 14.92 14.56 13.77 13.21

 RUN No. 5 FOR fluxapyroxad ON sorghum * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .090( .180) 2 3 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------
-Page 84 of 139-

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 5.08 5.06 4.93 4.67 4.48

 RUN No. 6 FOR fluxapyroxad ON sugarcane * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .110( .219) 2 14 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 6.18 6.16 6.01 5.68 5.45

 RUN No. 7 FOR fluxapyroxad ON tree nuts * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .110( .328) 3 7 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 9.27 9.24 9.01 8.52 8.18
-Page 85 of 139-

 RUN No. 8 FOR fluxapyroxad ON turf * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .230( .682) 3 14 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 19.30 19.22 18.74 17.73 17.01

 RUN No. 9 FOR fluxapyroxad ON turf * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .230( .905) 4 14 931.0 3.4 AERL_B( 13.0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 25.60 25.50 24.87 23.52 22.58 

Seed Treatments

 RUN No. 1 FOR fluxapyroxad ON bulb veg s * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------
-Page 86 of 139-

 .190( .190) 1 1 931.0 3.4 GRANUL( .0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 4.25 4.23 4.12 3.88 3.72

 RUN No. 2 FOR fluxapyroxad ON leafy veg * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .080( .080) 1 1 931.0 3.4 GRANUL( .0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 1.79 1.78 1.73 1.64 1.57

 RUN No. 3 FOR fluxapyroxad ON rapeseed s * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .002( .002) 1 1 931.0 3.4 GRANUL( .0) .0 .0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00
-Page 87 of 139-

 GENERIC EECs (IN NANOGRAMS/LITER (PPTr)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 44.74 44.53 43.37 40.89 39.15

 RUN No. 4 FOR fluxapyroxad ON bulb veg s * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .190( .190) 1 1 931.0 3.4 GRANUL( .0) .0 1.0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 4.25 4.23 4.12 3.88 3.72

 RUN No. 5 FOR fluxapyroxad ON bulb veg s * INPUT VALUES * 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 RATE (#/AC) No.APPS & SOIL SOLUBIL APPL TYPE NO-SPRAY INCORP

 ONE(MULT) INTERVAL Koc (PPM ) (%DRIFT) (FT) (IN)

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 .190( .190) 1 1 931.0 3.4 GRANUL( .0) .0 2.0

 FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 METABOLIC DAYS UNTIL HYDROLYSIS PHOTOLYSIS METABOLIC COMBINED

 (FIELD) RAIN/RUNOFF (POND) (POND-EFF) (POND) (POND) 

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 857.00 2 N/A .00- .00 993.00 993.00

 GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB)) Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 PEAK MAX 4 DAY MAX 21 DAY MAX 60 DAY MAX 90 DAY

 GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC AVG GEEC

 --------------------------------------------------------------------

 2.13 2.12 2.06 1.94 1.86

 
-Page 88 of 139-

Appendix C. Example T-REX (v. 1.5.1) input and output data
-Page 89 of 139-

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

20 0.00 129.32 #DIV/0! 59.27 #DIV/0! 72.74 ##### 8.08 #DIV/0! 50.65 ##### 1.80 #####

100 0.00 73.74 #DIV/0! 33.80 #DIV/0! 41.48 ##### 4.61 #DIV/0! 28.88 ##### 1.02 #####

1000 0.00 33.02 #DIV/0! 15.13 #DIV/0! 18.57 ##### 2.06 #DIV/0! 12.93 ##### 0.46 #####

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

2457 113.55 0.05 52.04 0.02 63.87 0.03 7.10 0.00 44.47 0.02

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

100 113.55 1.14 52.04 0.52 63.87 0.64 7.10 0.07 44.47 0.44

 

 

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

 

EECs and RQs

Summary of Risk Quotient Calculations Based on Upper Bound Kenaga EECs

Short Grass

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

NOAEC 

(ppm)

Tall Grass Arthropods

Adjusted

LD50

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

 

LC50

Arthropods

Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Se

eds

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Se

eds

Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/See

ds Granivore

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Size 

Class

(grams)

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients
-Page 90 of 139-

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 4395.66 108.26 0.02 49.62 0.01 60.90 0.01 6.77 0.00 42.4013 0.0096 1.5036 0.0003

35 3556.56 74.82 0.02 34.29 0.01 42.09 0.01 4.68 0.00 29.305 0.0082 1.0392 0.0003

1000 1538.32 17.35 0.01 7.95 0.01 9.76 0.01 1.08 0.00 6.79446 0.0044 0.2409 0.0002

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

0 113.55 #DIV/0! 52.04 #DIV/0! 63.87 #DIV/0! 7.10 ##### 44.47 #DIV/0!

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

112 113.55 1.01 52.04 0.46 63.87 0.57 7.10 0.06 44.47 0.40

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 21.98 108.26 4.93 49.62 2.26 60.90 2.77 6.77 0.31 42.40 1.93 1.50 0.07

35 17.78 74.82 4.21 34.29 1.93 42.09 2.37 4.68 0.26 29.30 1.65 1.04 0.06

1000 7.69 17.35 2.26 7.95 1.03 9.76 1.27 1.08 0.14 6.79 0.88 0.24 0.03

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

NOAEC 

(ppm)

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Broadleaf Plants

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

LC50 

(ppm)

Short Grass

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted

LD50 Short Grass

Fruits/Pods/Se

eds Tall Grass

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients 

Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Granivore Fruits/Pods/See

ds

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted 

NOAEL Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Seeds

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Se

Granivore

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs
-Page 91 of 139-

Appendix D. Example TerrPlant (v. 1.2.2) input and output data

TerrPlant v. 1.2.2

Green values signify user inputs (Tables 1, 2 and 4). 

Input and output guidance is in popups indicated by red arrows.

Chemical Name

PC code

Use

Application Method

Application Form 

Solubility in Water (ppm)

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units

Application Rate A 0.23

Incorporation I 1 none

Runoff Fraction R 0.01 none

Drift Fraction D 0.05 none

Equation EEC

(A/I)*R 0.0023

(A/I)*R*10 0.023

A*D 0.0115

((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0138

((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0345

Plant type EC25 NOAEC EC25 NOAEC 

Monocot x 0.0446 x 0.0681

Dicot x 0.0055 x 0.0167

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Monocot non-listed #VALUE! #VALUE! #DIV/0!

Monocot listed 0.31 0.77 0.26

Dicot non-listed #VALUE! #VALUE! #DIV/0!

Dicot listed 2.51 6.27 2.09

Runoff to dry areas

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas

Spray drift

Total for dry areas

Table 1. Chemical Identity.

fluxapyroxad

turf

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs.

aerial (sod farms0

3.44

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group.

Seedling Emergence Vegetative Vigor

Table 5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to fluxapyroxad through runoff 

and/or spray drift.*

Table 4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in .

Description

Total for semi-aquatic areas

Table 3. EECs for fluxapyroxad. Units in .
-Page 92 of 139-

Appendix E. LOCATES (v. 2.2.5) output of listed species

Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

No species were excluded

Minimum of 1 Acre.

All Medium Types Reported

Generic taxon {Amphibian, Arachnid, Bird, Bivalve, Conf/cycds, Coral, Crustacean, Dicot, 

Ferns, Fish, Gastropod, Insect, Lichen, Mammal, Monocot, Reptile}

blackberries and dewberries, blueberries-tame, blueberries-wild, currants, raspberries-all, 

raspberries-black, raspberries-red, cranberries, kiwifruit, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbagechinese, cabbage-head, cabbage-mustard, cauliflower, collards, kale, mustard greens, garlic, 

onions-dry, onions-green, citron, cucumbers and pickles, pumpkins, watermelons, cantaloupes,

honeydew melons, squash-all, squash-summer, squash-winter, grapes, celery, lettuce-all, 

lettuce-head, lettuce-leaf, lettuce-romaine, parsley, spinach, rice, rice-wild, beets, carrots, 

ginseng, horseradish, radishes, turnips, sorghum for grain, sorghum for silage or greenchop, 

sorghum for syrup, strawberries, sugarcane for seed, sugarcane for sugar, sugarcane not 

harvested, almonds, chestnuts, hazelnuts (filberts), macadamia nuts, pecans-all, pecansimproved, pecans-native and seedling, pistachios, walnuts-english

Alabama (111) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Frosted Ambystoma cingulatum T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Red Hills Phaeognathus hubrichti T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Alabama pearlshell Margaritifera marrianae E Freshwater Bivalve

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Freshwater Bivalve

Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis E Freshwater Bivalve

Combshell, Southern Epioblasma penita E Freshwater Bivalve

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Freshwater Bivalve

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum T Freshwater Bivalve

Kidneyshell, Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Orange-nacre Lampsilis perovalis T Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Acornshell Epioblasma othcaloogensis E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama Medionidus acutissimus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa Medionidus parvulus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Epioblasma brevidens E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Pleurobema furvum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-lined Lampsilis altilis T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Flat Pigtoe Pleurobema marshalli E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf Medionidus penicillatus E Freshwater Bivalve
-Page 93 of 139-

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe Pleurobema taitianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Obovaria retusa E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Lampsilis subangulata E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia T Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lampsilis virescens E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Cracking Hemistena lata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula intermedia E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orange- Plethobasus cooperianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Toxolasma cylindrellus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgid- Epioblasma turgidula E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White Plethobasus cicatricosus E Freshwater Bivalve

Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi E Freshwater Bivalve

Southern Sandshell Hamiota australis T Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Stirrupshell Quadrula stapes E Freshwater Bivalve

Tapered Pigtoe Fusconaia burkei T Freshwater Bivalve

Shrimp, Alabama Cave Palaemonias alabamae E Freshwater Crustacean

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T Wetland Dicot

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Marshallia mohrii T Wetland Dicot

Bladderpod, Lyrate Lesquerella lyrata T Unattributed Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Leather-flower, Alabama Clematis socialis E Unattributed Dicot

Leather-flower, Morefield's Clematis morefieldii E Unattributed Dicot

Pinkroot, Gentian Spigelia gentianoides E Unattributed Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Alabama Sarracenia rubra alabamensis E Unattributed Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Wetland Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Unattributed Dicot

Fern, Alabama Streak-sorus Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis T Unattributed Ferns

Fern, American hart's- Asplenium scolopendrium var. T Unattributed Ferns

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Wetland Ferns

Cavefish, Alabama Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Boulder Etheostoma wapiti E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Goldline Percina aurolineata T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Slackwater Etheostoma boschungi T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Freshwater Fish
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Darter, Vermilion Etheostoma chermocki E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Watercress Etheostoma nuchale E Freshwater Fish

Rush darter Etheostoma phytophilum E Freshwater Fish

Sculpin, Pygmy Cottus paulus (pygmaeus) T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Cahaba Notropis cahabae E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Alabama Scaphirhynchus suttkusi E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi T Freshwater, Fish

Campeloma, Slender Campeloma decampi E Freshwater Gastropod

Elimia, Lacy Elimia crenatella T Freshwater Gastropod

Hornsnail, rough Pleurocera foremani E Freshwater Gastropod

Pebblesnail, Flat Lepyrium showalteri E Freshwater Gastropod

Riversnail, Anthony's Athearnia anthonyi E Freshwater Gastropod

Rocksnail, interrupted Leptoxis foremani E Freshwater Gastropod

Rocksnail, Painted Leptoxis taeniata T Freshwater Gastropod

Rocksnail, Plicate Leptoxis plicata E Freshwater Gastropod

Rocksnail, Round Leptoxis ampla T Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Armored Pyrgulopsis (Marstonia) pachyta E Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Lioplax cyclostomaformis E Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Tulotoma Tulotoma magnifica T Terrestrial Gastropod

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii E Terrestrial, Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Mouse, Alabama Beach Peromyscus polionotus ammobates E Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Grass, Tennessee Yellow- Xyris tennesseensis E Wetland Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E Unattributed Monocot

Water-plantain, Kral's Sagittaria secundifolia T Wetland Monocot

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Terrestrial Reptile

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Terrestrial Reptile

Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied Pseudemys alabamensis E Terrestrial, Reptile

Turtle, Flattened Musk Sternotherus depressus T Terrestrial, Reptile

Alaska (7) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Albatross, Short-tailed Phoebastria (Diomedea) albatrus E Terrestrial, Bird

Eider, Steller's Polysticta stelleri T Terrestrial, Bird

Bison, Wood Bison bison athabascae E Terrestrial Mammal

Otter, Northern Sea Enhydra lutris kenyoni T Saltwater Mammal

Seal, spotted Phoca largha T Saltwater, Mammal

Whale, beluga Delphinapterus leucas E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Saltwater Mammal

Arizona (58) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Rana chiricahuensis T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Sonora Tiger Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Bobwhite, Masked Colinus virginianus ridgwayi E Terrestrial Bird
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Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E Terrestrial Bird

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Falco femoralis septentrionalis E Terrestrial Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Terrestrial Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper Rallus longirostris yumanensis E Terrestrial Bird

Blue-star, Kearney's Amsonia kearneyana E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Brady Pincushion Pediocactus bradyi E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Cochise Pincushion Coryphantha robbinsorum T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Peebles Navajo Pediocactus peeblesianus E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Pima Pineapple Coryphantha scheeri var. E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Pediocactus T Unattributed Dicot

Cliffrose, Arizona Purshia (cowania) subintegra E Unattributed Dicot

Cycladenia, Jones Cycladenia jonesii (humilis) T Unattributed Dicot

Fleabane, Zuni Erigeron rhizomatus T Unattributed Dicot

Groundsel, San Francisco Senecio franciscanus T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Astragalus holmgreniorum E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Sentry Astragalus cremnophylax var. E Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Welsh's Asclepias welshii T Unattributed Dicot

Umbel, Huachuca Water Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva E Wetland Dicot

Catfish, Yaqui Ictalurus pricei T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Gila Gila intermedia E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Sonora Gila ditaenia T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (robusta) E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Yaqui Gila purpurea E Freshwater Fish

Minnow, Loach Tiaroga cobitis E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Desert Cyprinodon macularius E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Beautiful Cyprinella formosa T Freshwater Fish

Spikedace Meda fulgida E Freshwater Fish

Spinedace, Little Colorado Lepidomeda vittata T Freshwater Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (Salmo) mykiss E/T Freshwater, Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis E Freshwater Fish

Trout, Apache Oncorhynchus apache T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Gila Oncorhynchus gilae E Freshwater Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Freshwater Fish

Ambersnail, Kanab Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis E Terrestrial, Gastropod

Springsnail, San Pyrgulopsis bernardina E Terrestrial, Gastropod

Springsnail, Three Forks Pyrgulopsis trivialis E Freshwater Gastropod

Bat, Lesser (Sanborn's) Leptonycteris curasoae E Terrestrial, Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E Terrestrial Mammal

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Herpailurus (Felis) yagouaroundi E Terrestrial Mammal

Ocelot Leopardus (Felis) pardalis E Terrestrial Mammal

Pronghorn, Sonoran Antilocapra americana sonoriensis E Terrestrial Mammal
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Squirrel, Mount Graham Tamiasciurus hudsonicus E Terrestrial Mammal

Vole, Hualapai Mexican Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis E Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Spiranthes delitescens E Wetland Monocot

Sedge, Navajo Carex specuicola T Wetland Monocot

Rattlesnake, New Mexican Crotalus willardi obscurus T Terrestrial Reptile

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Terrestrial Reptile

Arkansas (37) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Ozark Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis E Freshwater Amphibian

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Ivory-billed Campephilus principalis E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Fatmucket, Arkansas Lampsilis powelli T Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Speckled Lampsilis streckeri E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Curtis' Epioblasma florentina curtisii E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgid- Epioblasma turgidula E Freshwater Bivalve

Rock-pocketbook, Arkansia wheeleri E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus Cambarus aculabrum E Freshwater Crustacean

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus Cambarus zophonastes E Freshwater Crustacean

Bladderpod, Missouri Lesquerella filiformis T Unattributed Dicot

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Fruit, Earth (geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Leopard Percina pantherina T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Yellowcheek darter Etheostoma moorei E Freshwater Fish

Shagreen, Magazine Mesodon magazinensis T Terrestrial Gastropod

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal

Panther, Florida Puma (Felis) concolor coryi E Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

California (294) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Frog, California Red-legged Rana aurora draytonii T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Frog, Mountain Yellow- Rana muscosa E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, California Ambystoma californiense E Terrestrial, Amphibian
-Page 97 of 139-

Salamander, Desert Slender Batrachoseps aridus E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Santa Cruz Ambystoma macrodactylum E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Bufo californicus (microscaphus) E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Albatross, Short-tailed Phoebastria (Diomedea) albatrus E Terrestrial, Bird

Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E Terrestrial Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Gnatcatcher, Coastal Polioptila californica californica T Terrestrial Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Terrestrial, Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Western Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus T Terrestrial Bird

Rail, California Clapper Rallus longirostris obsoletus E Terrestrial Bird

Rail, Light-footed Clapper Rallus longirostris levipes E Terrestrial Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper Rallus longirostris yumanensis E Terrestrial Bird

Shrike, San Clemente Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi E Terrestrial Bird

Sparrow, San Clemente Amphispiza belli clementeae T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, California Least Sterna antillarum browni E Terrestrial Bird

Towhee, Inyo Brown Pipilo crissalis eremophilus T Terrestrial Bird

Vireo, Least Bell's Vireo bellii pusillus E Terrestrial Bird

Cypress, Gowen Cupressus goveniana ssp. T Unattributed Conf/cycds

Cypress, Santa Cruz Cupressus abramsiana E Unattributed Conf/cycds

Crayfish, Shasta Pacifastacus fortis E Freshwater Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Branchinecta conservatio E Vernal pool Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Branchinecta longiantenna E Vernal pool Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Streptocephalus woottoni E Vernal pool Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, San Diego Branchinecta sandiegonensis E Vernal pool Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Branchinecta lynchi T Vernal pool Crustacean

Shrimp, California Syncaris pacifica E Freshwater Crustacean

Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Lepidurus packardi E Vernal pool Crustacean

Adobe Sunburst, San Pseudobahia peirsonii T Unattributed Dicot

Allocarya, Calistoga Plagiobothrys strictus E Wetland Dicot

Ambrosia, San Diego Ambrosia pumila E Wetland Dicot

Baccharis, Encinitas Baccharis vanessae T Unattributed Dicot

Barberry, Island Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis E Unattributed Dicot

Barberry, Nevin's Berberis nevinii E Unattributed Dicot

Bedstraw, El Dorado Galium californicum ssp. sierrae E Unattributed Dicot

Bedstraw, Island Galium buxifolium E Unattributed Dicot

Bird's-beak, Palmate- Cordylanthus palmatus E Wetland Dicot

Bird's-beak, Pennell's Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris E Unattributed Dicot

Bird's-beak, salt marsh Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Bird's-beak, Soft Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis E Unattributed Dicot

Bladderpod, San Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina E Unattributed Dicot

Bluecurls, Hidden Lake Trichostema austromontanum ssp. T Unattributed Dicot

Broom, San Clemente Island Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae E Unattributed Dicot

Buckwheat, Cushenbury Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum E Unattributed Dicot

Buckwheat, Ione Eriogonum apricum E Unattributed Dicot

Buckwheat, Southern Eriogonum kennedyi var. T Unattributed Dicot

Bush-mallow, San Malacothamnus clementinus E Unattributed Dicot

Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. E Unattributed Dicot

Butterweed, Layne's Senecio layneae T Unattributed Dicot
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Button-celery, San Diego Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Bakersfield Opuntia treleasei E Unattributed Dicot

Ceanothus, Coyote Ceanothus ferrisae E Unattributed Dicot

Ceanothus, Pine Hill Ceanothus roderickii E Unattributed Dicot

Ceanothus, Vail Lake Ceanothus ophiochilus T Unattributed Dicot

Centaury, Spring-loving Centaurium namophilum T Wetland Dicot

Checker-mallow, Keck's Sidalcea keckii E Unattributed Dicot

Checker-mallow, Kenwood Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida E Unattributed Dicot

Checker-mallow, Pedate Sidalcea pedata E Wetland Dicot

Clarkia, Pismo Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata E Unattributed Dicot

Clarkia, Presidio Clarkia franciscana E Unattributed Dicot

Clarkia, Springville Clarkia springvillensis T Unattributed Dicot

Clarkia, Vine Hill Clarkia imbricata E Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Fleshy Owl's Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta T Wetland Dicot

Clover, Monterey Trifolium trichocalyx E Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Showy Indian Trifolium amoenum E Wetland Dicot

Coyote-thistle, Loch Lomond Eryngium constancei E Wetland Dicot

Crownbeard, Big-leaved Verbesina dissita T Unattributed Dicot

Crownscale, San Jacinto Atriplex coronata var. notatior E Unattributed Dicot

Daisy, Parish's Erigeron parishii T Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Conejo Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva T Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Marcescent Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens T Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Dudleya setchellii E Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island Dudleya nesiotica T Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Santa Monica Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia T Unattributed Dicot

Dudleya, Verity's Dudleya verityi T Unattributed Dicot

Dwarf-flax, Marin Hesperolinon congestum T Unattributed Dicot

Evening-primrose, Antioch Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii E Unattributed Dicot

Evening-primrose, Eureka Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis E Unattributed Dicot

Evening-primrose, San Camissonia benitensis T Unattributed Dicot

Fiddleneck, Large-flowered Amsinckia grandiflora E Unattributed Dicot

Flannelbush, Mexican Fremontodendron mexicanum E Unattributed Dicot

Flannelbush, Pine Hill Fremontodendron californicum E Unattributed Dicot

Fringepod, Santa Cruz Thysanocarpus conchuliferus E Unattributed Dicot

Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender- Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii E Unattributed Dicot

Gilia, Monterey Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria E Unattributed Dicot

Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Pseudobahia bahiifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Goldfields, Burke's Lasthenia burkei E Wetland Dicot

Goldfields, Contra Costa Lasthenia conjugens E Wetland Dicot

Grass, Hairy Orcutt Orcuttia pilosa E Wetland Dicot

Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Orcuttia viscida E Wetland Dicot

Grass, Slender Orcutt Orcuttia tenuis T Wetland Dicot

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Grindelia fraxino-pratensis T Wetland Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Wetland Dicot

Jewelflower, California Caulanthus californicus E Unattributed Dicot

Jewelflower, Metcalf Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus E Unattributed Dicot

Jewelflower, Tiburon Streptanthus niger E Unattributed Dicot

Larkspur, Baker's Delphinium bakeri E Unattributed Dicot

Larkspur, San Clemente Delphinium variegatum ssp. E Unattributed Dicot
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Larkspur, Yellow Delphinium luteum E Unattributed Dicot

Layia, Beach Layia carnosa E Unattributed Dicot

Lessingia, San Francisco Lessingia germanorum E Unattributed Dicot

Liveforever, Laguna Beach Dudleya stolonifera T Unattributed Dicot

Liveforever, Santa Barbara Dudleya traskiae E Unattributed Dicot

Lupine, Clover Lupinus tidestromii E Unattributed Dicot

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Lupinus nipomensis E Unattributed Dicot

Malacothrix, Island Malacothrix squalida E Unattributed Dicot

Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Malacothrix indecora E Unattributed Dicot

Mallow, Kern Eremalche kernensis E Unattributed Dicot

Manzanita, Del Mar Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Manzanita, Ione Arctostaphylos myrtifolia T Unattributed Dicot

Manzanita, Morro Arctostaphylos morroensis T Unattributed Dicot

Manzanita, Pallid Arctostaphylos pallida T Unattributed Dicot

Manzanita, Santa Rosa Arctostaphylos confertiflora E Unattributed Dicot

Meadowfoam, Butte County Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica E Unattributed Dicot

Meadowfoam, Sebastopol Limnanthes vinculans E Wetland Dicot

Milk-vetch, Applegate's Astragalus applegatei E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Braunton's Astragalus brauntonii E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's Astragalus clarianus E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Coachella Astragalus lentiginosus var. E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes Astragalus tener var. titi E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Cushenbury Astragalus albens E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Fish Slough Astragalus lentiginosus var. T Wetland Dicot

Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain Astragalus jaegerianus E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Pierson's Astragalus magdalenae var. T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed Astragalus tricarinatus E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh Astragalus pycnostachyus var. E Unattributed Dicot

Mint, Otay Mesa Pogogyne nudiuscula E Wetland Dicot

Mint, San Diego Mesa Pogogyne abramsii E Wetland Dicot

Monardella, Willowy Monardella linoides ssp. viminea E Upland Dicot

Morning-glory, Stebbins Calystegia stebbinsii E Unattributed Dicot

Mountainbalm, Indian Eriodictyon altissimum E Unattributed Dicot

Mountain-mahogany, Cercocarpus traskiae E Unattributed Dicot

Mustard, Slender-petaled Thelypodium stenopetalum E Wetland Dicot

Navarretia, Few-flowered Navarretia leucocephala ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Navarretia, Many-flowered Navarretia leucocephala ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Navarretia, Spreading Navarretia fossalis T Wetland Dicot

Niterwort, Amargosa Nitrophila mohavensis E Wetland Dicot

Oxytheca, Cushenbury Oxytheca parishii var. E Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, Ash-grey Indian Castilleja cinerea T Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, San Clemente Castilleja grisea E Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, Soft-leaved Castilleja mollis E Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, Tiburon Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta E Unattributed Dicot

Penny-cress, Kneeland Thlaspi californicum E Unattributed Dicot

Pentachaeta, Lyon's Pentachaeta lyonii E Unattributed Dicot

Pentachaeta, White-rayed Pentachaeta bellidiflora E Unattributed Dicot

Phacelia, Island Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis E Unattributed Dicot

Phlox, Yreka Phlox hirsuta E Unattributed Dicot
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Polygonum, Scott's Valley Polygonum hickmanii E Unattributed Dicot

Potentilla, Hickman's Potentilla hickmanii E Wetland Dicot

Pussypaws, Mariposa Calyptridium pulchellum T Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, Hoffmann's Arabis hoffmannii E Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, McDonald's Arabis mcdonaldiana E Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Sibara filifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Rush-rose, Island Helianthemum greenei T Unattributed Dicot

Sandwort, Bear Valley Arenaria ursina T Unattributed Dicot

Sandwort, Marsh Arenaria paludicola E Wetland Dicot

Sea-blite, California Suaeda californica E Wetland Dicot

Spineflower, Ben Lomond Chorizanthe pungens var. E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Howell's Chorizanthe howellii E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Monterey Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens T Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Orcutt's Chorizanthe orcuttiana E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Robust Chorizanthe robusta va r. robusta E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Scotts Valley Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Slender- Dodecahema leptoceras E Unattributed Dicot

Spineflower, Sonoma Chorizanthe valida E Unattributed Dicot

Spurge, Hoover's Chamaesyce hooveri T Wetland Dicot

Stickyseed, Baker's Blennosperma bakeri E Wetland Dicot

Stonecrop, Lake County Parvisedum leiocarpum E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, San Mateo Eriophyllum latilobum E Unattributed Dicot

Taraxacum, California Taraxacum californicum E Wetland Dicot

Tarplant, Gaviota Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa E Unattributed Dicot

Tarplant, Otay Deinandra (Hemizonia) conjugens T Unattributed Dicot

Tarplant, Santa Cruz Holocarpha macradenia T Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Chorro creek Bog Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense E Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Fountain Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale E Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, La Graciosa Cirsium loncholepis E Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Suisun Cirsium hydrophilum var. E Unattributed Dicot

Thornmint, San Diego Acanthomintha ilicifolia T Wetland Dicot

Thornmint, San Mateo Acanthomintha obovata ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Tuctoria, Green's Tuctoria greenei E Wetland Dicot

Vervain, California Verbena californica T Wetland Dicot

Wallflower, Ben Lomond Erysimum teretifolium E Unattributed Dicot

Wallflower, Contra Costa Erysimum capitatum var. E Unattributed Dicot

Wallflower, Menzie's Erysimum menziesii E Unattributed Dicot

Watercress, Gambel's Rorippa gambellii E Unattributed Dicot

Woodland-star, San Lithophragma maximum E Unattributed Dicot

Woolly-star, Santa Ana Eriastrum densifolium ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Woolly-threads, San Monolopia (Lembertia) congdonii E Unattributed Dicot

Yerba Santa, Lompoc Eriodictyon capitatum E Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Mohave Tui Gila bicolor mohavensis E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Owens Tui Gila bicolor snyderi E Freshwater Fish

Goby, Tidewater Eucyclogobius newberryi E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Desert Cyprinodon macularius E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Owens Cyprinodon radiosus E Freshwater Fish

Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (Salmo) E/T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Coho Oncorhynchus (Salmo) kisutch E/T Freshwater, Fish
-Page 101 of 139-

Smelt, Delta Hypomesus transpacificus T Freshwater, Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (Salmo) mykiss E/T Freshwater, Fish

Stickleback, Unarmored Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, North American Acipenser medirostris T Freshwater, Fish

Sucker, Lost River Deltistes luxatus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Modoc Catostomus microps E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Santa Ana Catostomus santaanae T Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris E Freshwater Fish

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Little Kern Golden Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris T Freshwater Fish

Abalone, Black Haliotis cracherodii E Saltwater Gastropod

Abalone, White Haliotis sorenseni E Saltwater Gastropod

Snail, Morro Shoulderband Helminthoglypta walkeriana E Terrestrial Gastropod

Beetle, Casey's June Dinacoma caseyi E Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Delta Green Ground Elaphrus viridis T Terrestrial, Insect

Beetle, Mount Hermon June Polyphylla barbata E Terrestrial, Insect

Beetle, Ohlone Tiger Cicindela ohlone E Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Valley Elderberry Desmocerus californicus dimorphus T Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot Euphydryas editha bayensis T Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Behren's Speyeria zerene behrensii E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Callippe Speyeria callippe callippe E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Euphilotes battoides allyni E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Lange's Apodemia mormo langei E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Lotis Blue Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mission Blue Icaricia icarioides missionensis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Myrtle's Speyeria zerene myrtleae E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Oregon Speyeria zerene hippolyta T Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Glaucopsyche lygdamus E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Quino Euphydryas editha quino . E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin Callophrys mossii bayensis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Euphilotes enoptes smithi E Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Delhi Sands Flower- Rhaphiomidas terminatus E Terrestrial Insect

Grasshopper, Zayante Trimerotropis infantilis E Terrestrial Insect

Moth, Kern Primrose Euproserpinus euterpe T Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Carson Wandering Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus E Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Laguna Mountain Pyrgus ruralis lagunae E Terrestrial Insect

Fox, San Joaquin Kit Vulpes macrotis mutica E Terrestrial Mammal

Fox, San Miguel Island Urocyon littoralis littoralis E Terrestrial Mammal

Fox, Santa Catalina Island Urocyon littoralis catalinae E Terrestrial Mammal

Fox, Santa Cruz Island Urocyon littoralis santacruzae E Terrestrial Mammal

Fox, Santa Rosa Island Urocyon littoralis santarosae E Terrestrial Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E Terrestrial Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Dipodomys nitratoides exilis E Terrestrial Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Giant Dipodomys ingens E Terrestrial Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay Dipodomys heermanni morroensis E Terrestrial Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, San Dipodomys merriami parvus E Terrestrial Mammal
-Page 102 of 139-

Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Dipodomys stephensi E Terrestrial Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides E Terrestrial Mammal

Mountain Beaver, Point Aplodontia rufa nigra E Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, Pacific Pocket Perognathus longimembris E Terrestrial Mammal

Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Reithrodontomys raviventris E Terrestrial Mammal

Otter, Southern Sea Enhydra lutris nereis T Saltwater Mammal

Rabbit, Riparian Brush Sylvilagus bachmani riparius E Terrestrial Mammal

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Arctocephalus townsendi T Saltwater, Mammal

Sea-lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus E/T Saltwater, Mammal

Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Ovis canadensis nelsoni E Terrestrial Mammal

Sheep, Sierra Nevada Ovis canadensis sierrae E Terrestrial Mammal

Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Sorex ornatus relictus E Terrestrial Mammal

Vole, Amargosa Microtus californicus scirpensis E Terrestrial Mammal

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, North Atlantic right Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis) E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Sperm Physeter catodon (macrocephalus) E Saltwater Mammal

Woodrat, Riparian Neotoma fuscipes riparia E Terrestrial Mammal

Alopecurus, Sonoma Alopecurus aequalis var. E Unattributed Monocot

Amole, Cammatta Canyon Chlorogalum purpureum var. T Unattributed Monocot

Amole, Purple Chlorogalum purpureum var. T Unattributed Monocot

Bluegrass, Napa Poa napensis E Wetland Monocot

Bluegrass, San Bernardino Poa atropurpurea E Wetland Monocot

Brodiaea, Chinese Camp Brodiaea pallida T Wetland Monocot

Brodiaea, Thread-leaved Brodiaea filifolia T Wetland Monocot

Grass, California Orcutt Orcuttia californica E Wetland Monocot

Grass, Colusa Neostapfia colusana T Wetland Monocot

Grass, Eureka Dune Swallenia alexandrae E Unattributed Monocot

Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcuttia inaequalis T Wetland Monocot

Grass, Solano Tuctoria mucronata E Wetland Monocot

Lily, Pitkin Marsh Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense E Unattributed Monocot

Lily, Tiburon Mariposa Calochortus tiburonensis T Unattributed Monocot

Lily, Western Lilium occidentale E Wetland Monocot

Onion, Munz's Allium munzii E Unattributed Monocot

Piperia, Yadon's Piperia yadonii E Unattributed Monocot

Sedge, White Carex albida E Wetland Monocot

Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard Gambelia silus E Terrestrial Reptile

Lizard, Coachella Valley Uma inornata T Terrestrial Reptile

Lizard, Island Night Xantusia riversiana T Terrestrial Reptile

Snake, Giant Garter Thamnophis gigas T Terrestrial, Reptile

Snake, San Francisco Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia E Terrestrial, Reptile

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Terrestrial Reptile

Whipsnake Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus T Terrestrial Reptile

Colorado (30) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Terrestrial Bird
-Page 103 of 139-

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Beardtongue, Penland Penstemon penlandii E Unattributed Dicot

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Gaura neomexicana var. T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Colorado hookless Sclerocactus glaucus T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Knowlton Pediocactus knowltonii E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Mesa Verde Sclerocactus mesae-verdae T Unattributed Dicot

DeBeque phacelia Phacelia submutica T Terrestrial Dicot

Milk-vetch, Mancos Astragalus humillimus E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Osterhout Astragalus osterhoutii E Unattributed Dicot

Mustard, Penland Alpine Eutrema penlandii T Wetland Dicot

Pagosa Skyrocket Ipomopsis polyantha E Terrestrial Dicot

Parachute Beardtongue Penstemon debilis T Terrestrial Dicot

Phacelia, North Park Phacelia formosula E Unattributed Dicot

Wild-buckwheat, Clay- Eriogonum pelinophilum E Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Freshwater Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Trout, Greenback Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki stomias T Freshwater Fish

Butterfly, Uncompahgre Boloria acrocnema E Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Pawnee Montane Hesperia leonardus montana T Terrestrial Insect

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Zapus hudsonius preblei T Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Connecticut (29) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Unattributed Dicot

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Delaware (5) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Squirrel, Delmarva Sciurus niger cinereus E Terrestrial Mammal

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Florida (109) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Frosted Ambystoma cingulatum T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Reticulated Ambystoma bishopi E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Caracara, Audubon's Polyborus plancus audubonii T Terrestrial Bird

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird
-Page 104 of 139-

Kite, Everglades Snail Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus E Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Scrub-Jay, Florida Aphelocoma coerulescens T Terrestrial Bird

Sparrow, Cape Sable Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis E Terrestrial Bird

Sparrow, Florida Ammodramus savannarum E Terrestrial Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Ivory-billed Campephilus principalis E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Freshwater Bivalve

Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis E Freshwater Bivalve

fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf Medionidus penicillatus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ochlockonee Medionidus simpsonianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Lampsilis subangulata E Freshwater Bivalve

Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia T Freshwater Bivalve

Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata E Freshwater Bivalve

Slabshell, Chipola Elliptio chipolaensis T Freshwater Bivalve

Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi E Freshwater Bivalve

Southern Sandshell Hamiota australis T Freshwater Bivalve

Tapered Pigtoe Fusconaia burkei T Freshwater Bivalve

Torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia E Unattributed Conf/cycds

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Saltwater Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Saltwater Coral

Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Palaemonetes cummingi T Freshwater, Crustacean

Aster, Florida Golden Chrysopsis floridana E Unattributed Dicot

Bellflower, Brooksville Campanula robinsiae E Wetland Dicot

Birds-in-a-nest, White Macbridea alba T Wetland Dicot

Blazing Star, Scrub Liatris ohlingerae E Unattributed Dicot

Bonamia, Florida Bonamia grandiflora T Unattributed Dicot

Buckwheat, Scrub Eriogonum longifolium var. T Unattributed Dicot

Butterwort, Godfrey's Pinguicula ionantha T Wetland Dicot

Campion, Fringed Silene polypetala E Unattributed Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Fringe Tree, Pygmy Chionanthus pygmaeus E Unattributed Dicot

Gooseberry, Miccosukee Ribes echinellum T Wetland Dicot

Gourd, Okeechobee Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Harebells, Avon Park Crotalaria avonensis E Unattributed Dicot

Hypericum, Highlands Hypericum cumulicola E Unattributed Dicot

Jacquemontia, Beach Jacquemontia reclinata E Unattributed Dicot

Lead-plant, Crenulate Amorpha crenulata E Unattributed Dicot

Lupine, Scrub Lupinus aridorum E Unattributed Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E Wetland Dicot

Milkpea, Small's Galactia smallii E Unattributed Dicot

Mint, Garrett's Dicerandra christmanii E Unattributed Dicot

Mint, Lakela's Dicerandra immaculata E Unattributed Dicot
-Page 105 of 139-

Mint, Longspurred Dicerandra cornutissima E Unattributed Dicot

Mint, Scrub Dicerandra frutescens E Unattributed Dicot

Mustard, Carter's Warea carteri E Unattributed Dicot

Pawpaw, Beautiful Deeringothamnus pulchellus E Wetland Dicot

Pawpaw, Four-petal Asimina tetramera E Unattributed Dicot

Pawpaw, Rugel's Deeringothamnus rugelii E Wetland Dicot

Pinkroot, Gentian Spigelia gentianoides E Unattributed Dicot

Plum, Scrub Prunus geniculata E Unattributed Dicot

Polygala, Lewton's Polygala lewtonii E Unattributed Dicot

Polygala, Tiny Polygala smallii E Wetland Dicot

Prickly-apple, Fragrant Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans E Unattributed Dicot

Rhododendron, Chapman Rhododendron chapmanii E Wetland Dicot

Rosemary, Apalachicola Conradina glabra E Unattributed Dicot

Rosemary, Etonia Conradina etonia E Unattributed Dicot

Rosemary, Short-leaved Conradina brevifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Sandlace Polygonella myriophylla E Unattributed Dicot

Skullcap, Florida Scutellaria floridana T Wetland Dicot

Snakeroot Eryngium cuneifolium E Unattributed Dicot

Spurge, Deltoid Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Spurge, Garber's Chamaesyce garberi T Unattributed Dicot

Spurge, Telephus Euphorbia telephioides T Unattributed Dicot

Warea, Wide-leaf Warea amplexifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Water-willow, Cooley's Justicia cooleyi E Wetland Dicot

Whitlow-wort, Papery Paronychia chartacea T Unattributed Dicot

Wings, Pigeon Clitoria fragrans T Unattributed Dicot

Wireweed Polygonella basiramia E Unattributed Dicot

Ziziphus, Florida Ziziphus celata E Unattributed Dicot

Darter, Okaloosa Etheostoma okaloosae E Freshwater Fish

Sawfish, Smalltooth Pristis pectinata E Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi T Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Butterfly [Cassius Blue, Leptotes and Hemiargus and SAT Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Ceranus Blue Hemiargus ceraunus antibubastus SAT Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Miami Blue Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Nickerbean Blue Cyclargus ammon SAT Terrestrial Insect

Cladonia, Florida Perforate Cladonia perforata E Unattributed Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Mouse, Anastasia Island Peromyscus polionotus phasma E Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, Choctawhatchee Peromyscus polionotus allophrys E Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, Southeastern Beach Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris T Terrestrial, Mammal

Mouse, St. Andrew Beach Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Panther, Florida Puma (Felis) concolor coryi E Terrestrial Mammal

Puma (Cougar), Eastern Puma (Felis) concolor (all subsp. E Terrestrial Mammal

Vole, Florida Salt Marsh Microtus pennsylvanicus E Terrestrial, Mammal

Beargrass, Britton's Nolina brittoniana E Unattributed Monocot

Beauty, Harper's Harperocallis flava E Wetland Monocot
-Page 106 of 139-

Seagrass, Johnson's Halophila johnsonii T Wetland Monocot

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T Terrestrial, Reptile

Crocodile, American Crocodylus acutus T Terrestrial, Reptile

Skink, Blue-tailed Mole Eumeces egregius lividus T Terrestrial Reptile

Skink, Sand Neoseps reynoldsi T Terrestrial Reptile

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Nerodia clarkii taeniata T Terrestrial, Reptile

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Terrestrial Reptile

Georgia (67) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Frosted Ambystoma cingulatum T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Reticulated Ambystoma bishopi E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Freshwater Bivalve

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Freshwater Bivalve

Kidneyshell, Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Acornshell Epioblasma othcaloogensis E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama Medionidus acutissimus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa Medionidus parvulus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-lined Lampsilis altilis T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf Medionidus penicillatus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ochlockonee Medionidus simpsonianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Lampsilis subangulata E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Spinymussel, Altamaha Elliptio spinosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia E Unattributed Conf/cycds

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T Wetland Dicot

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Marshallia mohrii T Wetland Dicot

Campion, Fringed Silene polypetala E Unattributed Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Unattributed Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Wetland Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Leather-flower, Alabama Clematis socialis E Unattributed Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E Wetland Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Wetland Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Rattleweed, Hairy Baptisia arachnifera E Unattributed Dicot

Skullcap, Large-flowered Scutellaria montana T Unattributed Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Unattributed Dicot
-Page 107 of 139-

Quillwort, Black-spored Isoetes melanospora E Wetland Ferns

Quillwort, Mat-forming Isoetes tegetiformans E Wetland Ferns

Darter, Amber Percina antesella E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Cherokee Etheostoma scotti T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Etowah Etheostoma etowahae E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Goldline Percina aurolineata T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Freshwater Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Rocksnail, interrupted Leptoxis foremani E Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Lioplax cyclostomaformis E Freshwater Gastropod

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Unattributed Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Saltwater Mammal

Whale, North Atlantic right Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis) E Saltwater Mammal

Grass, Tennessee Yellow- Xyris tennesseensis E Wetland Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Trillium, Persistent Trillium persistens E Unattributed Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E Unattributed Monocot

Water-plantain, Kral's Sagittaria secundifolia T Wetland Monocot

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Terrestrial Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Guam (12) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crow, Mariana Corvus kubaryi E Terrestrial Bird

Kingfisher, Guam Halcyon cinnamomina E Terrestrial Bird

Moorhen, Mariana Gallinula chloropus guami E Terrestrial Bird

Rail, Guam Rallus owstoni E Terrestrial Bird

White-eye, Bridled (Nossa) Zosterops conspicillatus E Terrestrial Bird

Hayun Lagu (Tronkon Serianthes nelsonii E Unattributed Dicot

Bat, Little Mariana Fruit Pteropus tokudae E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Mariana Fruit Pteropus mariannus mariannus T Terrestrial, Mammal

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Saltwater Reptile

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Saltwater, Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Saltwater, Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Saltwater, Reptile

Hawaii (353) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Adelocosa anops E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris E Terrestrial Bird

'Akepa, Hawaii Loxops coccineus coccineus E Terrestrial Bird

'Akepa, Maui Loxops coccineus ochraceus E Terrestrial Bird

'Akia Loa, Kauai Hemignathus procerus E Terrestrial Bird

'Akia Pola'au Hemignathus munroi E Terrestrial Bird

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae keo Fulica americana alai E Terrestrial Bird

Creeper, Hawaii Oreomystis mana E Terrestrial Bird
-Page 108 of 139-

Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) Paroreomyza maculata E Terrestrial Bird

Crow, Hawaiian ('Alala) Corvus hawaiiensis E Terrestrial Bird

Duck, Hawaiian (Koloa) Anas wyvilliana E Terrestrial, Bird

Elepaio, Oahu Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis E Terrestrial Bird

Goose, Hawaiian (Nene) Branta (Nesochen) sandvicensis E Terrestrial, Bird

Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) Buteo solitarius E Terrestrial Bird

Honeycreeper, Crested Palmeria dolei E Terrestrial Bird

Kauai creeper Oreomystis bairdi E Terrestrial Bird

Moorhen, Hawaiian Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis E Terrestrial Bird

Nuku Pu'u, Kauai Hemignathus lucidus hanapepe E Terrestrial Bird

Nuku Pu'u, Maui Hemignathus lucidus affinus E Terrestrial Bird

'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Moho braccatus E Terrestrial Bird

'O'u (Honeycreeper) Psittirostra psittacea E Terrestrial Bird

Palila Loxioides bailleui E Terrestrial Bird

Parrotbill, Maui Pseudonestor xanthophrys E Terrestrial Bird

Petrel, Hawaiian Dark- Pterodroma phaeopygia E Terrestrial Bird

Po'ouli Melamprosops phaeosoma E Terrestrial Bird

Shearwater, Newell's Puffinus auricularis newelli T Terrestrial, Bird

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o) Himantopus mexicanus knudseni E Terrestrial Bird

Swiftlet, Mariana Gray Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi E Terrestrial Bird

Thrush, Large Kauai Myadestes myadestinus E Terrestrial Bird

Thrush, Small Kauai Myadestes palmeri E Terrestrial Bird

Amphipod, Kauai Cave Spelaeorchestia koloana E Freshwater, Crustacean

(ncn) Tetraplasandra bisattenuata E Unattributed Dicot

Abutilon sandwicense Abutilon sandwicense E Unattributed Dicot

Achyranthes mutica (ncn) Achyranthes mutica E Unattributed Dicot

Achyranthes splendens Achyranthes splendens var. E Unattributed Dicot

a'e Zanthoxylum oahuense E Wetland Dicot

A'e (Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. E Unattributed Dicot

A'e (Zanthoxylum Zanthoxylum hawaiiense E Unattributed Dicot

'Aiea (Nothocestrum Nothocestrum breviflorum E Unattributed Dicot

'Aiea (Nothocestrum Nothocestrum peltatum E Unattributed Dicot

Akoko Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

'akoko Chamaesyce eleanoriae E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce Chamaesyce celastroides var. E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce Chamaesyce deppeana E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce Chamaesyce herbstii E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce Chamaesyce kuwaleana E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) Chamaesyce rockii E Wetland Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. E Unattributed Dicot

'Akoko (Euphorbia Euphorbia haeleeleana E Unattributed Dicot

alani Melicope christophersenii E Wetland Dicot

Alani (Melicope Melicope adscendens E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope balloui) Melicope balloui E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope Melicope haupuensis E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope knudsenii) Melicope knudsenii E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope lydgatei) Melicope lydgatei E Wetland Dicot

Alani (Melicope Melicope mucronulata E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope ovalis) Melicope ovalis E Unattributed Dicot
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Alani (Melicope pallida) Melicope pallida E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope Melicope quadrangularis E Wetland Dicot

Alani (Melicope saint- Melicope saint-johnii E Unattributed Dicot

Alani (Melicope Melicope zahlbruckneri E Unattributed Dicot

Alsinidendron obovatum Alsinidendron obovatum E Unattributed Dicot

Alsinidendron trinerve Alsinidendron trinerve E Unattributed Dicot

Alsinidendron viscosum Alsinidendron viscosum E Wetland Dicot

'Anaunau (Lepidium Lepidium arbuscula E Unattributed Dicot

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Sicyos alba E Unattributed Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion Isodendrion hosakae E Unattributed Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion Isodendrion laurifolium E Unattributed Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion Isodendrion longifolium T Unattributed Dicot

awikiwiki Canavalia napaliensis E Unattributed Dicot

'Awiwi (Centaurium Centaurium sebaeoides E Unattributed Dicot

'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) Hedyotis cookiana E Unattributed Dicot

Bonamia menziesii (ncn) Bonamia menziesii E Unattributed Dicot

Chamaesyce Halemanui Chamaesyce halemanui E Unattributed Dicot

Cyanea undulata (ncn) Cyanea undulata E Unattributed Dicot

Delissea rhytodisperma Delissea rhytidosperma E Unattributed Dicot

Dubautia latifolia (ncn) Dubautia latifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Dubautia pauciflorula Dubautia pauciflorula E Wetland Dicot

Geranium, Hawaiian Red- Geranium arboreum E Unattributed Dicot

Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) Gouania hillebrandii E Unattributed Dicot

Gouania meyenii (ncn) Gouania meyenii E Unattributed Dicot

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Gouania vitifolia E Unattributed Dicot

ha`iwale Cyrtandra kaulantha E Wetland Dicot

Haha Cyanea lanceolata E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea acuminata) Cyanea acuminata E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) Cyanea asarifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea copelandii Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea copelandii Cyanea copelandii ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) Cyanea (Rollandia) crispa E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea glabra) Cyanea glabra E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. Carlsonii E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea Cyanea humboldtiana E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) Cyanea koolauensis E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea lobata) Cyanea lobata E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea longiflora) Cyanea longiflora E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea Cyanea mceldowneyi E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) Cyanea pinnatifida E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) Cyanea platyphylla E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea recta) Cyanea recta T Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea remyi) Cyanea remyi E Wetland Dicot

Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) Cyanea shipmannii E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) Cyanea stictophylla E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea St-Johnii) Cyanea st-johnii E Wetland Dicot
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Haha (Cyanea superba) Cyanea superba E Unattributed Dicot

Haha (Cyanea truncata) Cyanea truncata E Unattributed Dicot

haiwale Cyrtandra waiolani E Wetland Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra crenata E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra dentata E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra giffardii E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra limahuliensis T Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra munroi E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra oenobarba E Wetland Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra polyantha E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra subumbellata E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra tintinnabula E Unattributed Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra viridiflora E Wetland Dicot

Haplostachys Haplostachys haplostachya E Unattributed Dicot

Hau Kauhiwi Hibiscadelphus woodii E Unattributed Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi Hibiscadelphus distans E Unattributed Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi Hibiscadelphus giffardianus E Unattributed Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) Exocarpos luteolus E Wetland Dicot

Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) Hedyotis degeneri E Unattributed Dicot

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Hedyotis parvula E Unattributed Dicot

Hedyotis St.-Johnii (ncn) Hedyotis st.-johnii E Unattributed Dicot

Hesperomannia Hesperomannia arborescens E Unattributed Dicot

Hesperomannia arbuscula Hesperomannia arbuscula E Unattributed Dicot

Hesperomannia lydgatei Hesperomannia lydgatei E Wetland Dicot

Hibiscus, Clay's Hibiscus clayi E Unattributed Dicot

ho'awa Pittosporum napaliense E Unattributed Dicot

Holei (Ochrosia Ochrosia kilaueaensis E Unattributed Dicot

Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Wilkesia hobdyi E Unattributed Dicot

kamakahala Labordia helleri E Unattributed Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia Labordia cyrtandrae E Wetland Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia Labordia lydgatei E Wetland Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia Labordia tinifolia var. E Unattributed Dicot

Kauila (Colubrina Colubrina oppositifolia E Unattributed Dicot

kaulu Pteralyxia macrocarpa E Wetland Dicot

Kaulu (Pteralyxia Pteralyxia kauaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) Hedyotis coriacea E Unattributed Dicot

Kiponapona (Phyllostegia Phyllostegia racemosa E Unattributed Dicot

ko`oko`olau Bidens amplectens E Wetland Dicot

Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Kokia drynarioides E Unattributed Dicot

Koki'o (Kokia kauaiensis) Kokia kauaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae E Unattributed Dicot

kolea Myrsine mezii E Unattributed Dicot

Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Myrsine juddii E Wetland Dicot

Kolea (Myrsine Myrsine linearifolia T Wetland Dicot

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha E Unattributed Dicot

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon Abutilon menziesii E Unattributed Dicot

kopiko Psychotria grandiflora E Wetland Dicot

Kuawawaenohu Alsinidendron lychnoides E Wetland Dicot
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Kulu'I (Nototrichium Nototrichium humile E Unattributed Dicot

Laukahi Kuahiwi Plantago hawaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Laukahi Kuahiwi Plantago princeps E Wetland Dicot

Laulihilihi (Schiedea Schiedea stellarioides E Unattributed Dicot

lehua makanoe Lysimachia daphnoides E Wetland Dicot

Liliwai (Acaena exigua) Acaena exigua E Wetland Dicot

Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) Lipochaeta venosa E Unattributed Dicot

Lobelia monostachya (ncn) Lobelia monostachya E Unattributed Dicot

Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) Lobelia niihauensis E Terrestrial Dicot

Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) Lobelia oahuensis E Wetland Dicot

Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) Lysimachia filifolia E Wetland Dicot

Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) Lysimachia lydgatei E Unattributed Dicot

Mahoe (Alectryon Alectryon macrococcus E Unattributed Dicot

Makou (Peucedanum Peucedanum sandwicense T Unattributed Dicot

Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus Hibiscus brackenridgei E Unattributed Dicot

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea Schiedea apokremnos E Unattributed Dicot

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea Schiedea kealiae E Unattributed Dicot

Mapele (Cyrtandra Cyrtandra cyaneoides E Wetland Dicot

Mehamehame (Flueggea Flueggea neowawraea E Unattributed Dicot

Munroidendron Munroidendron racemosum E Unattributed Dicot

Na`ena`e Dubautia waialealae E Wetland Dicot

Naenae Dubautia kalalauensis E Unattributed Dicot

Na'ena'e (Dubautia Dubautia herbstobatae E Unattributed Dicot

Na'ena'e (Dubautia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis E Unattributed Dicot

Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis E Unattributed Dicot

Nanu (Gardenia mannii) Gardenia mannii E Unattributed Dicot

Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) Gardenia brighamii E Unattributed Dicot

Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola Scaevola coriacea E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) Lipochaeta fauriei E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta Lipochaeta kamolensis E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta Lipochaeta micrantha E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta Lipochaeta tenuifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta Lipochaeta waimeaensis E Unattributed Dicot

Neraudia angulata (ncn) Neraudia angulata E Unattributed Dicot

Neraudia ovata (ncn) Neraudia ovata E Unattributed Dicot

Neraudia sericea (ncn) Neraudia sericea E Unattributed Dicot

Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) Eugenia koolauensis E Unattributed Dicot

nohoanu Geranium kauaiense E Wetland Dicot

Nohoanu (Geranium Geranium multiflorum E Wetland Dicot

Oahu wild coffee Psychotria hexandra ssp. E Upland Dicot

'Oha (Delissea rivularis) Delissea rivularis E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha (Delissea subcordata) Delissea subcordata E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha (Delissea undulata) Delissea undulata E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha (Lobelia Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia drepanomorpha E Wetland Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia lindseyana E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia peleana E Unattributed Dicot
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'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia pyrularia E Unattributed Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia Clermontia samuelii E Wetland Dicot

'Ohai (Sesbania Sesbania tomentosa E Upland Dicot

'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa E Wetland Dicot

'Olulu (Brighamia insignis) Brighamia insignis E Unattributed Dicot

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Urera kaalae E Unattributed Dicot

Pamakani (Viola Viola chamissoniana ssp. E Upland Dicot

Papala Charpentiera densiflora E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) Phyllostegia hirsuta E Wetland Dicot

Phyllostegia kaalaensis Phyllostegia kaalaensis E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia knudsenii Phyllostegia knudsenii E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) Phyllostegia mannii E Wetland Dicot

Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) Phyllostegia mollis E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia parviflora Phyllostegia parviflora E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) Phyllostegia velutina E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia waimeae Phyllostegia waimeae E Unattributed Dicot

Phyllostegia warshaueri Phyllostegia warshaueri E Wetland Dicot

Phyllostegia wawrana Phyllostegia wawrana E Wetland Dicot

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Hedyotis mannii E Unattributed Dicot

pilo kea lau li`i Platydesma rostrata E Unattributed Dicot

Po'e (Portulaca Portulaca sclerocarpa E Wetland Dicot

Popolo 'Aiakeakua Solanum sandwicense E Unattributed Dicot

Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum Solanum incompletum E Unattributed Dicot

Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) Brighamia rockii E Unattributed Dicot

Remya kauaiensis (ncn) Remya kauaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Remya montgomeryi (ncn) Remya montgomeryi E Unattributed Dicot

Remya, Maui Remya mauiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Sandalwood, Lanai Santalum freycinetianum var. E Unattributed Dicot

Sanicula mariversa (ncn) Sanicula mariversa E Unattributed Dicot

Sanicula purpurea (ncn) Sanicula purpurea E Wetland Dicot

Schiedea haleakalensis Schiedea haleakalensis E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea helleri (ncn) Schiedea helleri E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Schiedea hookeri E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Schiedea kaalae E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea kauaiensis (ncn) Schiedea kauaiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea membranacea Schiedea membranacea E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Schiedea nuttallii E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea spergulina var. Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda E Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea spergulina var. Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina T Unattributed Dicot

Schiedea, Diamond Head Schiedea adamantis E Unattributed Dicot

Silene hawaiiensis (ncn) Silene hawaiiensis T Unattributed Dicot

Silene lanceolata (ncn) Silene lanceolata E Unattributed Dicot

Silene perlmanii (ncn) Silene perlmanii E Unattributed Dicot

Silversword, Haleakala Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. T Unattributed Dicot

Silversword, Ka'u Argyroxiphium kauense E Wetland Dicot

Silversword, Mauna Kea Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Spermolepis hawaiiensis Spermolepis hawaiiensis E Unattributed Dicot

Stenogyne angustifolia Stenogyne angustifolia var. E Unattributed Dicot

Stenogyne campanulata Stenogyne campanulata E Unattributed Dicot

Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) Stenogyne kanehoana E Unattributed Dicot
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Tetramolopium arenarium Tetramolopium arenarium E Unattributed Dicot

Tetramolopium capillare Tetramolopium capillare E Unattributed Dicot

Tetramolopium filiforme Tetramolopium filiforme E Unattributed Dicot

Tetramolopium lepidotum Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) Tetramolopium remyi E Unattributed Dicot

Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) Tetramolopium rockii T Unattributed Dicot

Trematolobelia singularis Trematolobelia singularis E Wetland Dicot

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia Caesalpinia kavaiense E Unattributed Dicot

Vetch, Hawaiian (Vicia Vicia menziesii E Unattributed Dicot

Vigna o-wahuensis (ncn) Vigna o-wahuensis E Unattributed Dicot

Viola helenae (ncn) Viola helenae E Wetland Dicot

Viola oahuensis (ncn) Viola oahuensis E Wetland Dicot

Wahine Noho Kula Isodendrion pyrifolium E Unattributed Dicot

Xylosma crenatum (ncn) Xylosma crenatum E Wetland Dicot

Asplenium fragile var. Asplenium fragile var. insulare E Unattributed Ferns

aumakua, Palapalai Dryopteris crinalis podosorus E Unattributed Ferns

Diellia erecta (ncn) Diellia erecta E Unattributed Ferns

Diellia falcata (ncn) Diellia falcata E Unattributed Ferns

Diellia pallida (ncn) Diellia pallida E Unattributed Ferns

Diellia unisora (ncn) Diellia unisora E Unattributed Ferns

Diplazium molokaiense Diplazium molokaiense E Unattributed Ferns

Fern, Pendant Kihi Adenophorus periens E Unattributed Ferns

'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) Marsilea villosa E Wetland Ferns

Pauoa (Ctenitis Ctenitis squamigera E Unattributed Ferns

Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Pteris lidgatei E Wetland Ferns

Wawae'Iole Huperzia mannii E Unattributed Ferns

Wawae'Iole Lycopodium (Phlegmariurus) E Unattributed Ferns

Snail, Newcomb's Erinna newcombi T Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella abbreviata E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella apexfulva E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella bellula E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella buddii E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella bulimoides E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella byronii E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella caesia E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella casta E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella cestus E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella concavospira E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella curta E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella decipiens E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella decora E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella dimorpha E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella elegans E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella fulgens E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella fuscobasis E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella juddii E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella juncea E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella lehuiensis E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella leucorraphe E Terrestrial Gastropod
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Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella lila E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella livida E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella lorata E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella mustelina E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella papyracea E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella phaeozona E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella pulcherrima E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella pupukanioe E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella rosea E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella sowerbyana E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella spaldingi E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella stewartii E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella swiftii E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella taeniolata E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella thaahumi E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella turgida E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella valida E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella viridans E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella vittata E Terrestrial Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree Achatinella vulpina E Terrestrial Gastropod

blackline Hawaiian Megalagrion nigrohamatum E Terrestrial Insect

Crimson Hawaiian Megalagrion leptodemas E Terrestrial Insect

Damselfly, Flying Earwig Megalagrion nesiotes E Terrestrial Insect

Damselfly, Pacific Megalagrion pacificum E Terrestrial Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila aglaia E Terrestrial Insect

Hawaiian picture-wing Fly Drosophila sharpi E Terrestrial Insect

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Manduca blackburni E Terrestrial Insect

Oceanic Hawaiian Megalagrion oceanicum E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary Lasiurus cinereus semotus E Terrestrial, Mammal

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Monachus schauinslandi E Saltwater, Mammal

Bluegrass, Hawaiian Poa sandvicensis E Wetland Monocot

Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa Poa mannii E Wetland Monocot

Grass, Fosberg's Love Eragrostis fosbergii E Unattributed Monocot

Hala Pepe (Pleomele Pleomele hawaiiensis E Unattributed Monocot

Hilo Ischaemum Ischaemum byrone E Wetland Monocot

Kamanomano (Cenchrus Cenchrus agrimonioides E Unattributed Monocot

Lau'ehu (Panicum Panicum niihauense E Unattributed Monocot

lo`ulu Pritchardia hardyi E Wetland Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) Pritchardia affinis E Wetland Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) Pritchardia kaalae E Wetland Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia Pritchardia napaliensis E Unattributed Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia Pritchardia schattaueri E Unattributed Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia Pritchardia viscosa E Wetland Monocot

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Mariscus fauriei E Unattributed Monocot

Mariscus pennatiformis Mariscus pennatiformis E Unattributed Monocot

Pa'iniu Astelia waialealae E Wetland Monocot

Panicgrass, Carter's Panicum fauriei var. carteri E Unattributed Monocot

Platanthera holochila Platanthera holochila E Wetland Monocot

Poa siphonoglossa (ncn) Poa siphonoglossa E Wetland Monocot
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Pu'uka'a (Cyperus Cyperus trachysanthos E Wetland Monocot

Idaho (18) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Unattributed Dicot

Four-o'clock, Macfarlane's Mirabilis macfarlanei T Unattributed Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Wetland Dicot

Peppergrass, Slick Spot Lepidium papilliferum T Unattributed Dicot

Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (Salmo) E/T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (Salmo) nerka E Freshwater, Fish

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (Salmo) mykiss E/T Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus E Freshwater, Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Limpet, Banbury Springs Lanx sp. E Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Bliss Rapids Taylorconcha serpenticola T Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Snake River Physa Physa natricina E Terrestrial Gastropod

Springsnail, Bruneau Hot Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis E Freshwater Gastropod

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Terrestrial Mammal

Caribou, Woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Squirrel, Northern Idaho Spermophilus brunneus brunneus T Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Illinois (27) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orange- Plethobasus cooperianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Amphipod, Illinois Cave Gammarus acherondytes E Freshwater, Crustacean

Aster, Decurrent False Boltonia decurrens T Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Unattributed Dicot

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Unattributed Dicot

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Discus macclintocki E Terrestrial Gastropod

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot
-Page 116 of 139-

Indiana (20) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, Short's Solidago shortii E Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Unattributed Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Snake, Northern Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta T Terrestrial, Reptile

Iowa (16) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Monkshood, Northern Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Unattributed Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Snail, Iowa Pleistocene Discus macclintocki E Terrestrial Gastropod

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Kansas (14) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish
-Page 117 of 139-

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Kentucky (50) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Ivory-billed Campephilus principalis E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Epioblasma brevidens E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Obovaria retusa E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula sparsa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Cracking Hemistena lata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Villosa trabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Dromus dromas E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Pegias fabula E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orange- Plethobasus cooperianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Epioblasma obliquata obliquata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Tubercled- Epioblasma torulosa torulosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White Plethobasus cicatricosus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Yellow- Epioblasma florentina florentina E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan Epioblasma florentina walkeri E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Shrimp, Kentucky Cave Palaemonias ganteri E Freshwater Crustacean

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, Short's Solidago shortii E Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, White-haired Solidago albopilosa T Unattributed Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, Small Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. E Unattributed Dicot

Rosemary, Cumberland Conradina verticillata T Wetland Dicot

Sandwort, Cumberland Arenaria cumberlandensis E Unattributed Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Relict Etheostoma chienense E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Freshwater Fish
-Page 118 of 139-

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal

Wolf, Red Canis rufus E Terrestrial Mammal

Louisiana (17) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus T Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlshell, Louisiana Margaritifera hembeli T Freshwater Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Fruit, Earth (geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Unattributed Dicot

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Wetland Ferns

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi T Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Bear, American Black Ursus americanus SAT Terrestrial Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Terrestrial Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Terrestrial Reptile

Turtle, Ringed Map Graptemys oculifera T Terrestrial, Reptile

Maine (9) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Lousewort, Furbish Pedicularis furbishiae E Wetland Dicot

Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar E Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Bear, American Black Ursus americanus SAT Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Maryland (15) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Wetland Dicot

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Wetland Dicot

Darter, Maryland Etheostoma sellare E Freshwater Fish

Beetle, Northeastern Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Squirrel, Delmarva Sciurus niger cinereus E Terrestrial Mammal
-Page 119 of 139-

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Massachusetts (13) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Unattributed Dicot

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Northeastern Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Turtle, Plymouth Red- Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi E Terrestrial, Reptile

Michigan (22) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, Houghton's Solidago houghtonii T Wetland Dicot

Monkey-flower, Michigan Mimulus glabratus var. E Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Unattributed Dicot

Fern, American hart's- Asplenium scolopendrium var. T Unattributed Ferns

Beetle, Hungerford's Brychius hungerfordi E Freshwater Insect

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii E Terrestrial, Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Iris, Dwarf Lake Iris lacustris T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Snake, Northern Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta T Terrestrial, Reptile

Minnesota (12) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Unattributed Dicot

Roseroot, Leedy's Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi T Unattributed Dicot
-Page 120 of 139-

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Lily, Minnesota Trout Erythronium propullans E Unattributed Monocot

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Mississippi (32) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Frog, Dusky Gopher Rana capito sevosa E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Crane, Mississippi Grus canadensis pulla E Terrestrial, Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Combshell, Southern Epioblasma penita E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Orange-nacre Lampsilis perovalis T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama Medionidus acutissimus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Black (=Curtus' Pleurobema curtum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Epioblasma brevidens E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe Pleurobema taitianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter Potamilus inflatus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Unattributed Dicot

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Wetland Ferns

Darter, Bayou Etheostoma rubrum T Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi T Freshwater, Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bear, American Black Ursus americanus SAT Terrestrial Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Terrestrial Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Terrestrial Reptile

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Terrestrial Reptile

Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied Pseudemys alabamensis E Terrestrial, Reptile

Turtle, Ringed Map Graptemys oculifera T Terrestrial, Reptile

Turtle, Yellow-blotched Graptemys flavimaculata T Terrestrial, Reptile

Missouri (30) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Ozark Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis E Freshwater Amphibian

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Curtis' Epioblasma florentina curtisii E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat Potamilus capax E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve
-Page 121 of 139-

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Aster, Decurrent False Boltonia decurrens T Unattributed Dicot

Bladderpod, Missouri Lesquerella filiformis T Unattributed Dicot

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Fruit, Earth (geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Sneezeweed, Virginia Helenium virginicum T Wetland Dicot

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Niangua Etheostoma nianguae T Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek Antrobia culveri E Freshwater, Gastropod

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bear, American Black Ursus americanus SAT Terrestrial Mammal

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Montana (12) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Unattributed Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Wetland Dicot

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Terrestrial Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Nebraska (15) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Gaura neomexicana var. T Unattributed Dicot

Penstemon, Blowout Penstemon haydenii E Unattributed Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Cicindela nevadica lincolniana E Terrestrial Insect

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal
-Page 122 of 139-

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Nevada (38) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper Rallus longirostris yumanensis E Terrestrial Bird

Blazing Star, Ash Meadows Mentzelia leucophylla T Wetland Dicot

Buckwheat, Steamboat Eriogonum ovalifolium var. E Unattributed Dicot

Centaury, Spring-loving Centaurium namophilum T Wetland Dicot

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Grindelia fraxino-pratensis T Wetland Dicot

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Ivesia kingii var. eremica T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Ash Meadows Astragalus phoenix T Wetland Dicot

Niterwort, Amargosa Nitrophila mohavensis E Wetland Dicot

Poolfish, Pahrump (= Empetrichthys latos E Freshwater Dicot

Sunray, Ash Meadows Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata T Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Pahranagat Gila robusta jordani E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (robusta) E Freshwater Fish

Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Ash Meadows Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Clover Valley Rhinichthys osculus oligoporus E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Desert Eremichthys acros T Freshwater Fish

Dace, Independence Valley Rhinichthys osculus lethoporus E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Moapa Moapa coriacea E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Ash Meadows Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Devils Hole Cyprinodon diabolis E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Warm Springs Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis E Freshwater Fish

Spinedace, Big Spring Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis T Freshwater Fish

Spinedace, White River Lepidomeda albivallis E Freshwater Fish

Springfish, Hiko White Crenichthys baileyi grandis E Freshwater Fish

Springfish, Railroad Valley Crenichthys nevadae T Freshwater Fish

Springfish, White River Crenichthys baileyi baileyi E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Warner Catostomus warnerensis T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi T Freshwater Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Freshwater Fish

Naucorid, Ash Meadows Ambrysus amargosus T Terrestrial Insect

Skipper, Carson Wandering Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus E Terrestrial Insect

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Terrestrial Reptile

New Hampshire (7) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Milk-vetch, Jesup's Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi E Unattributed Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot
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Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

New Jersey (12) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Wetland Dicot

Beetle, Northeastern Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Beaked-rush, Knieskern's Rhynchospora knieskernii T Wetland Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

New Mexico (46) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Rana chiricahuensis T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Falco femoralis septentrionalis E Terrestrial Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Amphipod, Noel's Gammarus desperatus E Freshwater Crustacean

Isopod, Socorro Thermosphaeroma thermophilus E Freshwater Crustacean

Cactus, Knowlton Pediocactus knowltonii E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Kuenzler Hedgehog Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Lee Pincushion Coryphantha sneedii var. leei T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Mesa Verde Sclerocactus mesae-verdae T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii E Unattributed Dicot

Fleabane, Zuni Erigeron rhizomatus T Unattributed Dicot

Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Mancos Astragalus humillimus E Unattributed Dicot

Pennyroyal, Todsen's Hedeoma todsenii E Unattributed Dicot

Poppy, Sacramento Prickly Argemone pleiacantha ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, Pecos Helianthus paradoxus T Wetland Dicot

Thistle, Sacramento Cirsium vinaceum T Wetland Dicot

Wild-buckwheat, Gypsum Eriogonum gypsophilum T Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Chihuahua Gila nigrescens T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Gila Gila intermedia E Freshwater Fish

Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia nobilis E Freshwater Fish

Minnow, Loach Tiaroga cobitis E Freshwater Fish

Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Hybognathus amarus E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Beautiful Cyprinella formosa T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Pecos Bluntnose Notropis simus pecosensis T Freshwater Fish

Spikedace Meda fulgida E Freshwater Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis E Freshwater Fish
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Trout, Gila Oncorhynchus gilae E Freshwater Fish

Snail, Pecos Assiminea Assiminea pecos E Freshwater Gastropod

Springsnail, Alamosa Tryonia alamosae E Freshwater Gastropod

Springsnail, Chupadera Pyrgulopsis chupaderae E Terrestrial, Gastropod

Springsnail, Koster's Juturnia kosteri E Terrestrial Gastropod

Springsnail, Roswell Pyrgulopsis roswellensis E Freshwater Gastropod

Springsnail, Socorro Pyrgulopsis neomexicana E Freshwater Gastropod

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Leptonycteris curasoae E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Mexican Long-nosed Leptonycteris nivalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E Terrestrial Mammal

Rattlesnake, New Mexican Crotalus willardi obscurus T Terrestrial Reptile

New York (18) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, Houghton's Solidago houghtonii T Wetland Dicot

Monkshood, Northern Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Unattributed Dicot

Roseroot, Leedy's Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi T Unattributed Dicot

Fern, American hart's- Asplenium scolopendrium var. T Unattributed Ferns

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Snail, Chittenango Ovate Succinea chittenangoensis T Terrestrial, Gastropod

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

North Carolina (56) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Microhexura montivaga E Terrestrial Arachnid

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Elktoe, Appalachian Alasmidonta raveneliana E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter Lasmigona decorata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Villosa trabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Pegias fabula E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan Epioblasma florentina walkeri E Freshwater Bivalve

Spinymussel, James River Pleurobema collina E Freshwater Bivalve

Spinymussel, Tar River Elliptio steinstansana E Freshwater Bivalve

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Avens, Spreading Geum radiatum E Unattributed Dicot
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Bittercress, Small-anthered Cardamine micranthera E Wetland Dicot

Blazing Star, Heller's Liatris helleri T Unattributed Dicot

Bluet, Roan Mountain Hedyotis purpurea var. montana E Unattributed Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Unattributed Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Wetland Dicot

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Solidago spithamaea T Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Hexastylis naniflora T Unattributed Dicot

Heather, Mountain Golden Hudsonia montana T Unattributed Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Wetland Dicot

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Lysimachia asperulaefolia E Wetland Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E Wetland Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Wetland Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii E Unattributed Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Freshwater Fish

Logperch, Roanoke Percina rex E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Cape Fear Notropis mekistocholas E Freshwater Fish

Silverside, Waccamaw Menidia extensa T Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Snail, Noonday Mesodon clarki nantahala T Terrestrial Gastropod

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Neonympha mitchellii francisci E Terrestrial Insect

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Unattributed Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Puma (Cougar), Eastern Puma (Felis) concolor E Terrestrial Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E Terrestrial Mammal

Wolf, Red Canis rufus E Terrestrial Mammal

Arrowhead, Bunched Sagittaria fasciculata E Wetland Monocot

Irisette, White Sisyrinchium dichotomum E Unattributed Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Sedge, Golden Carex lutea E Unattributed Monocot

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T Terrestrial, Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

North Dakota (8) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal
-Page 126 of 139-

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Northern Mariana Islands (6) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crow, Mariana Corvus kubaryi E Terrestrial Bird

Megapode, Micronesian Megapodius laperouse E Terrestrial Bird

Moorhen, Mariana Gallinula chloropus guami E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, nightingale reed Acrocephalus luscinia E Terrestrial Bird

White-eye, Rota Bridled Zosterops rotensis E Terrestrial Bird

Bat, Mariana Fruit Pteropus mariannus mariannus T Terrestrial, Mammal

Ohio (21) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Epioblasma obliquata obliquata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Unattributed Dicot

Monkshood, Northern Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Unattributed Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Madtom, Scioto Noturus trautmani E Freshwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Snake, Northern Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta T Terrestrial, Reptile

Oklahoma (20) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Vireo, Black-capped Vireo atricapilla E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Rock-pocketbook, Arkansia wheeleri E Freshwater Bivalve

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Leopard Percina pantherina T Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Freshwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal
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Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T Terrestrial, Reptile

Oregon (40) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Albatross, Short-tailed Phoebastria (Diomedea) albatrus E Terrestrial, Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Terrestrial, Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Western Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus T Terrestrial Bird

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Branchinecta lynchi T Vernal pool Crustacean

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Unattributed Dicot

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Sidalcea nelsoniana T Wetland Dicot

Daisy, Willamette Erigeron decumbens var. E Unattributed Dicot

Four-o'clock, Macfarlane's Mirabilis macfarlanei T Unattributed Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Wetland Dicot

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Lomatium bradshawii E Wetland Dicot

Lomatium, Cook's Lomatium cookii E Wetland Dicot

Lupine, Kincaid's Lupinus sulphureus (oreganus) T Unattributed Dicot

Meadowfoam, Large- Limnanthes floccosa ssp. E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Applegate's Astragalus applegatei E Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, Golden Castilleja levisecta T Unattributed Dicot

Popcornflower, Rough Plagiobothrys hirtus E Wetland Dicot

Rock-cress, McDonald's Arabis mcdonaldiana E Unattributed Dicot

Thelypody, Howell's Thelypodium howellii spectabilis T Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Hutton Tui Gila bicolor ssp. T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Oregon Oregonichthys crameri E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Foskett Speckled Rhinichthys osculus ssp. T Freshwater Fish

Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (Salmo) E/T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Chum Oncorhynchus (Salmo) keta T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Coho Oncorhynchus (Salmo) kisutch E/T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (Salmo) nerka E Freshwater, Fish

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (Salmo) mykiss E/T Freshwater, Fish

Sucker, Lost River Deltistes luxatus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Modoc Catostomus microps E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Warner Catostomus warnerensis T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi T Freshwater Fish

Butterfly, Fender's Blue Icaricia icarioides fenderi E Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Oregon Speyeria zerene hippolyta T Terrestrial Insect

Deer, Columbian White- Odocoileus virginianus leucurus E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Saltwater Mammal

Fritillary, Gentner's Fritillaria gentneri E Unattributed Monocot

Lily, Western Lilium occidentale E Wetland Monocot

Pennsylvania ( 11) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve
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Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Puerto Rico (66) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Coqui, Golden Eleutherodactylus jasperi T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Guajon Eleutherodactylus cooki T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Toad, Puerto Rican Crested Peltophryne lemur T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Blackbird, Yellow- Agelaius xanthomus E Terrestrial Bird

Hawk, Puerto Rican Broad- Buteo platypterus brunnescens E Terrestrial Bird

Hawk, Puerto Rican Sharp- Accipiter striatus venator E Terrestrial Bird

Nightjar, Puerto Rico Caprimulgus noctitherus E Terrestrial Bird

Parrot, Puerto Rican Amazona vittata E Terrestrial Bird

Pigeon, Puerto Rican Plain Columba inornata wetmorei E Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Saltwater Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Saltwater Coral

Auerodendron Auerodendron pauciflorum E Unattributed Dicot

Bariaco Trichilia triacantha E Unattributed Dicot

Boxwood, Vahl's Buxus vahlii E Unattributed Dicot

Capa Rosa Callicarpa ampla E Wetland Dicot

Catesbaea Melanocarpa Catesbaea melanocarpa E Unattributed Dicot

Chamaecrista glandulosa Chamaecrista glandulosa var. E Unattributed Dicot

Chumbo, Higo Harrisia portoricensis T Unattributed Dicot

Chupacallos Pleodendron macranthum E Wetland Dicot

Cobana Negra Stahlia monosperma T Wetland Dicot

Cordia bellonis (ncn) Cordia bellonis E Wetland Dicot

Daphnopsis hellerana Daphnopsis hellerana E Unattributed Dicot

Erubia Solanum drymophilum E Unattributed Dicot

Eugenia Woodburyana Eugenia woodburyana E Unattributed Dicot

Gesneria pauciflora (ncn) Gesneria pauciflora T Wetland Dicot

Goetzea, Beautiful Goetzea elegans E Unattributed Dicot

Higuero De Sierra Crescentia portoricensis E Wetland Dicot

Holly, Cook's Ilex cookii E Wetland Dicot

Ilex sintenisii (ncn) Ilex sintenisii E Wetland Dicot

Lyonia truncata var. Lyonia truncata var. proctorii E Unattributed Dicot

Mitracarpus Maxwelliae Mitracarpus maxwelliae E Unattributed Dicot

Mitracarpus Polycladus Mitracarpus polycladus E Unattributed Dicot

Myrcia Paganii Myrcia paganii E Unattributed Dicot

Palo Colorado Ternstroemia luquillensis E Wetland Dicot

Palo de Jazmin Styrax portoricensis E Wetland Dicot

Palo de Nigua Cornutia obovata E Wetland Dicot

Palo de Ramon Banara vanderbiltii E Unattributed Dicot

Palo de Rosa Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon E Unattributed Dicot
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Peperomia, Wheeler's Peperomia wheeleri E Unattributed Dicot

Prickly-ash, St. Thomas Zanthoxylum thomasianum E Unattributed Dicot

Schoepfia arenaria (ncn) Schoepfia arenaria T Unattributed Dicot

Ternstroemia subsessilis Ternstroemia subsessilis E Wetland Dicot

Uvillo Eugenia haematocarpa E Wetland Dicot

Vernonia Proctorii (ncn) Vernonia proctorii E Unattributed Dicot

Fern, Elaphoglossum Elaphoglossum serpens E Unattributed Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris Thelypteris inabonensis E Unattributed Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris verecunda Thelypteris verecunda E Unattributed Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris Thelypteris yaucoensis E Unattributed Ferns

Polystichum calderonense Polystichum calderonense E Unattributed Ferns

Tectaria Estremerana Tectaria estremerana E Unattributed Ferns

Tree Fern, Elfin Cyathea dryopteroides E Unattributed Ferns

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Aristida chaseae (ncn) Aristida chaseae E Unattributed Monocot

Cranichis Ricartii Cranichis ricartii E Unattributed Monocot

Lepanthes eltorensis (ncn) Lepanthes eltoroensis E Unattributed Monocot

Manaca, palma de Calyptronoma rivalis T Wetland Monocot

Pelos del Diablo Aristida portoricensis E Unattributed Monocot

Walnut, Nogal Juglans jamaicensis E Unattributed Monocot

Boa, Puerto Rican Epicrates inornatus E Terrestrial Reptile

Boa, Virgin Islands Tree Epicrates monensis granti E Terrestrial Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Saltwater Reptile

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Saltwater, Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Saltwater, Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Saltwater, Reptile

Rhode Island (7) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Unattributed Dicot

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Puma (Cougar), Eastern Puma (Felis) concolor (all subsp. E Terrestrial Mammal

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

South Carolina (32) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Frosted Ambystoma cingulatum T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Heelsplitter Lasmigona decorata E Freshwater Bivalve

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T Wetland Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Unattributed Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Wetland Dicot
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Gooseberry, Miccosukee Ribes echinellum T Wetland Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Hexastylis naniflora T Unattributed Dicot

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Lysimachia asperulaefolia E Wetland Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii E Unattributed Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Wetland Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E Unattributed Dicot

Quillwort, Black-spored Isoetes melanospora E Wetland Ferns

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Unattributed Lichen

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Arrowhead, Bunched Sagittaria fasciculata E Wetland Monocot

Irisette, White Sisyrinchium dichotomum E Unattributed Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Trillium, Persistent Trillium persistens E Unattributed Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E Unattributed Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

South Dakota (12) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (tristis) E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Tennessee (91) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Microhexura montivaga E Terrestrial Arachnid

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Freshwater Bivalve

Elktoe, Appalachian Alasmidonta raveneliana E Freshwater Bivalve

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Kidneyshell, Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama Medionidus acutissimus T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa Medionidus parvulus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Epioblasma brevidens E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Pigtoe Pleurobema gibberum E Freshwater Bivalve
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Mussel, Fine-lined Lampsilis altilis T Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink Obovaria retusa E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lampsilis virescens E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula sparsa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Lemiox rimosus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Cracking Hemistena lata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Villosa trabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula intermedia E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Dromus dromas E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Green- Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Pegias fabula E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orange- Plethobasus cooperianus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Toxolasma cylindrellus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Epioblasma obliquata obliquata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Tubercled- Epioblasma torulosa torulosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgid- Epioblasma turgidula E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White Plethobasus cicatricosus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Yellow- Epioblasma florentina florentina E Freshwater Bivalve

Purple Bean Villosa perpurpurea E Freshwater Bivalve

Rabbitsfoot, Rough Quadrula cylindrica strigillata E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan Epioblasma florentina walkeri E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Crayfish, Nashville Orconectes shoupi E Freshwater Crustacean

Aster, Ruth's Golden Pityopsis ruthii E Unattributed Dicot

Avens, Spreading Geum radiatum E Unattributed Dicot

Bladderpod, Spring Creek Lesquerella perforata E Unattributed Dicot

Bluet, Roan Mountain Hedyotis purpurea var. montana E Unattributed Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Unattributed Dicot

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Solidago spithamaea T Unattributed Dicot

Ground-plum, Guthrie's Astragalus bibullatus E Unattributed Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Wetland Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, Braun's Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. E Unattributed Dicot

Rosemary, Cumberland Conradina verticillata T Wetland Dicot

Sandwort, Cumberland Arenaria cumberlandensis E Unattributed Dicot

Skullcap, Large-flowered Scutellaria montana T Unattributed Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Fern, American hart's- Asplenium scolopendrium var. T Unattributed Ferns

Chub, Slender Erimystax cahni T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Freshwater Fish
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Chucky Madtom Noturus crypticus E Freshwater Fish

Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae E Freshwater Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Amber Percina antesella E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Bluemask (jewel) Etheostoma sp. E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Boulder Etheostoma wapiti E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Duskytail Etheostoma percnurum E Freshwater Fish

Darter, Slackwater Etheostoma boschungi T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Freshwater Fish

Laurel dace Chrosomus aylori E Freshwater Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Pygmy Noturus stanauli E Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Smoky Noturus baileyi E Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Yellowfin Noturus flavipinnis T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Marstonia, Royal l Pyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe E Terrestrial Gastropod

Riversnail, Anthony's Athearnia anthonyi E Freshwater Gastropod

Snail, Painted Snake Anguispira picta T Terrestrial Gastropod

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Unattributed Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E Terrestrial Mammal

Grass, Tennessee Yellow- Xyris tennesseensis E Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Texas (81) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Barton Eurycea sosorum E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, San Marcos Eurycea nana T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Salamander, Texas Blind Typhlomolge rathbuni E Freshwater, Amphibian

Toad, Houston Bufo houstonensis E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Harvestman, Bee Creek Texella reddelli E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Harvestman, Bone Cave Texella reyesi E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Harvestman, Texella cokendolpheri E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cicurina venii E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Meshweaver, Government Cicurina vespera E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Meshweaver, Madla's Cave Cicurina madla E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Meshweaver, Robber Cicurina baronia E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Tartarocreagris texana E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Spider, Government Neoleptoneta microps E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Spider, Tooth Cave Leptoneta myopica E Terrestrial, Arachnid

Crane, Mississippi Grus canadensis pulla E Terrestrial, Bird

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Falco femoralis septentrionalis E Terrestrial Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird
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Prairie-chicken, Attwater's Tympanuchus cupido attwateri E Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Vireo, Black-capped Vireo atricapilla E Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (=Wood), Golden- Dendroica chrysoparia E Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Amphipod, Peck's Cave Stygobromus (Stygonectes) pecki E Freshwater, Crustacean

Ambrosia, South Texas Ambrosia cheiranthifolia E Unattributed Dicot

Ayenia, Texas Ayenia limitaris E Unattributed Dicot

Bladderpod, White Lesquerella pallida E Wetland Dicot

Bladderpod, Zapata Lesquerella thamnophila E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Black Lace Echinocereus reichenbachii var. E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Bunched Cory Coryphantha ramillosa T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Chisos Mountain Echinocereus chisoensis var. T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa Echinomastus mariposensis T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Nellie Cory Coryphantha minima E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Star Astrophytum asterias E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Tobusch Fishhook Ancistrocactus tobuschii E Unattributed Dicot

Cat's-eye, Terlingua Creek Cryptantha crassipes E Unattributed Dicot

Dawn-flower, Texas Hymenoxys texana E Wetland Dicot

Dogweed, Ashy Thymophylla tephroleuca E Unattributed Dicot

Frankenia, Johnston's Frankenia johnstonii E Unattributed Dicot

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Unattributed Dicot

Manioc, Walker's Manihot walkerae E Unattributed Dicot

Oak, Hinckley Quercus hinckleyi T Unattributed Dicot

Phlox, Texas Trailing Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis E Unattributed Dicot

Pitaya, Davis' Green Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii E Unattributed Dicot

Poppy-mallow, Texas Callirhoe scabriuscula E Unattributed Dicot

Rush-pea, Slender Hoffmannseggia tenella E Unattributed Dicot

Sand-verbena, Large-fruited Abronia macrocarpa E Unattributed Dicot

Snowbells, Texas Styrax texanus E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, Pecos Helianthus paradoxus T Wetland Dicot

Darter, Fountain Etheostoma fonticola E Freshwater Fish

Gambusia, Big Bend Gambusia gaigei E Freshwater Fish

Gambusia, Clear Creek Gambusia heterochir E Freshwater Fish

Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia nobilis E Freshwater Fish

Gambusia, San Marcos Gambusia georgei E Freshwater Fish

Minnow, Devils River Dionda diaboli T Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Comanche Springs Cyprinodon elegans E Freshwater Fish

Pupfish, Leon Springs Cyprinodon bovinus E Freshwater Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Freshwater Fish

Snail, Pecos Assiminea Assiminea pecos E Freshwater Gastropod

Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Terrestrial Insect

Beetle, Coffin Cave Mold Batrisodes texanus E Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs Stygoparnus comalensis E Freshwater, Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Heterelmis comalensis E Freshwater, Insect

Beetle, Helotes Mold Batrisodes venyivi E Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave Texamaurops reddelli E Subterraneous Insect

Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground Rhadine persephone E Subterraneous Insect
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Rhadine exilis (ncn) Rhadine exilis E Terrestrial, Insect

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Rhadine infernalis E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Mexican Long-nosed Leptonycteris nivalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bear, American Black Ursus americanus SAT Terrestrial Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Terrestrial Mammal

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast Herpailurus (Felis) yagouaroundi E Terrestrial Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Saltwater Mammal

Ocelot Leopardus (Felis) pardalis E Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Navasota Spiranthes parksii E Unattributed Monocot

Pondweed, Little Aguja Potamogeton clystocarpus E Wetland Monocot

Wild-rice, Texas Zizania texana E Wetland Monocot

Utah (41) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E Terrestrial Bird

Flycatcher, Southwestern Empidonax traillii extimus E Terrestrial Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Terrestrial Bird

Bearclaw poppy, Dwarf Arctomecon humilis E Unattributed Dicot

Bladderpod, Kodachrome Lesquerella tumulosa E Unattributed Dicot

Buttercup, Autumn Ranunculus aestivalis (acriformis) E Wetland Dicot

Cactus, Colorado hookless Sclerocactus glaucus T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Pariette Sclerocactus brevispinus T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, San Rafael Pediocactus despainii E Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Pediocactus T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Uinta Basin Sclerocactus wetlandicus T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Winkler Pediocactus winkleri T Unattributed Dicot

Cactus, Wright Fishhook Sclerocactus wrightiae E Unattributed Dicot

Cycladenia, Jones Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis) T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Deseret Astragalus desereticus T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Heliotrope Astragalus montii T Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Astragalus holmgreniorum E Unattributed Dicot

Milk-vetch, Shivwits Astragalus ampullarioides E Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Welsh's Asclepias welshii T Unattributed Dicot

Phacelia, Clay Phacelia argillacea E Unattributed Dicot

Primrose, Maguire Primula maguirei T Upland Dicot

Reed-mustard, Barneby Schoenocrambe barnebyi E Unattributed Dicot

Reed-mustard, Clay Schoenocrambe argillacea T Unattributed Dicot

Reed-mustard, Shrubby Schoenocrambe suffrutescens E Unattributed Dicot

Ridge-cress (=Pepper- Lepidium barnebyanum E Unattributed Dicot

Townsendia, Last Chance Townsendia aprica T Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (robusta) E Freshwater Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, June Chasmistes liorus E Freshwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi T Freshwater Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Freshwater Fish

Ambersnail, Kanab Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis E Terrestrial, Gastropod

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal
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Prairie Dog, Utah Cynomys parvidens T Terrestrial, Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Sedge, Navajo Carex specuicola T Wetland Monocot

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Terrestrial Reptile

Vermont (6) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Milk-vetch, Jesup's Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi E Unattributed Dicot

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Virgin Islands (5) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Saltwater Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Saltwater Coral

Boxwood, Vahl's Buxus vahlii E Unattributed Dicot

Catesbaea Melanocarpa Catesbaea melanocarpa E Unattributed Dicot

Lizard, St. Croix Ground Ameiva polops E Terrestrial Reptile

Virginia (64) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Shenandoah Plethodon shenandoah E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss Microhexura montivaga E Terrestrial Arachnid

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Terrestrial Bird

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Picoides borealis E Terrestrial Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland Epioblasma brevidens E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula sparsa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Lemiox rimosus E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Cracking Hemistena lata E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Villosa trabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Quadrula intermedia E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Dromus dromas E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Green- Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Pegias fabula E Freshwater Bivalve

Purple Bean Villosa perpurpurea E Freshwater Bivalve

Rabbitsfoot, Rough Quadrula cylindrica strigillata E Freshwater Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan Epioblasma florentina walkeri E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Spinymussel, James River Pleurobema collina E Freshwater Bivalve

Isopod, Lee County Cave Lirceus usdagalun E Freshwater Crustacean

Isopod, Madison Cave Antrolana lira T Freshwater Crustacean
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Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Wetland Dicot

Birch, Virginia Round-leaf Betula uber T Unattributed Dicot

Bittercress, Small-anthered Cardamine micranthera E Wetland Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Wetland Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Wetland Dicot

Mallow, Peter's Mountain Iliamna corei E Unattributed Dicot

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Arabis serotina E Unattributed Dicot

Sneezeweed, Virginia Helenium virginicum T Wetland Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Unattributed Dicot

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Slender Erimystax cahni T Freshwater Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Freshwater Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Freshwater Fish

Darter, Duskytail Etheostoma percnurum E Freshwater Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Freshwater Fish

Logperch, Roanoke Percina rex E Freshwater Fish

Madtom, Yellowfin Noturus flavipinnis T Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Freshwater, Fish

Snail, Virginia Fringed Polygyriscus virginianus E Terrestrial Gastropod

Beetle, Northeastern Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Terrestrial Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii E Terrestrial, Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus E Terrestrial Mammal

Squirrel, Delmarva Sciurus niger cinereus E Terrestrial Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Terrestrial, Reptile

Washington (29) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Albatross, Short-tailed Phoebastria (Diomedea) albatrus E Terrestrial, Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Terrestrial, Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T Terrestrial Bird

Plover, Western Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus T Terrestrial Bird

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Unattributed Dicot

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Sidalcea nelsoniana T Wetland Dicot

Checker-mallow, Sidalcea oregana var. calva E Unattributed Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Wetland Dicot

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Lomatium bradshawii E Wetland Dicot

Lupine, Kincaid's Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) T Unattributed Dicot

Paintbrush, Golden Castilleja levisecta T Unattributed Dicot

Sandwort, Marsh Arenaria paludicola E Wetland Dicot

Stickseed, Showy Hackelia venusta E Unattributed Dicot

Rockfish, Bocaccio Sebastes paucispinis E Saltwater Fish
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Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (Salmo) E/T Freshwater, Fish

Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (Salmo) nerka E Freshwater, Fish

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (Salmo) mykiss E/T Freshwater, Fish

Trout, Apache Oncorhynchus apache T Freshwater Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Freshwater Fish

Butterfly, Oregon Speyeria zerene hippolyta T Terrestrial Insect

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Terrestrial Mammal

Caribou, Woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou E Terrestrial Mammal

Deer, Columbian White- Odocoileus virginianus leucurus E Terrestrial Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal

Killer whale, Southern Orcinus orca E Saltwater Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Rabbit, Pygmy Brachylagus idahoensis E Terrestrial Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Saltwater Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

West Virginia (17) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Salamander, Cheat Plethodon nettingi T Terrestrial, Amphibian

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Freshwater Bivalve

Mucket, Pink Lampsilis abrupta E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Tubercled- Epioblasma torulosa torulosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E Freshwater Bivalve

Spinymussel, James River Pleurobema collina E Freshwater Bivalve

Isopod, Madison Cave Antrolana lira T Freshwater Crustacean

Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Unattributed Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Wetland Dicot

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Arabis serotina E Unattributed Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Wetland Dicot

Snail, Flat-spired Three- Triodopsis platysayoides T Terrestrial Gastropod

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Corynorhinus (Plecotus) E Terrestrial, Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Wetland Monocot

Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Wetland Monocot

Wisconsin (18) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Warbler (Wood), Dendroica kirtlandii E Terrestrial Bird

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Freshwater Bivalve

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Freshwater Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Freshwater Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Freshwater Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Freshwater Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Unattributed Dicot

Locoweed, Fassett's Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea T Unattributed Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Unattributed Dicot

Monkshood, Northern Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Unattributed Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Unattributed Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Terrestrial Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Terrestrial, Insect
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Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Iris, Dwarf Lake Iris lacustris T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Platanthera leucophaea T Wetland Monocot

Wyoming (18) species: E/T Medium Taxon

Toad, Wyoming Bufo baxteri (hemiophrys) E Terrestrial, Amphibian

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Terrestrial, Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Terrestrial Bird

Tern, Interior (population) Sterna antillarum E Terrestrial Bird

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Gaura neomexicana var. T Unattributed Dicot

Penstemon, Blowout Penstemon haydenii E Unattributed Dicot

Yellowhead, Desert Yermo xanthocephalus T Unattributed Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Freshwater Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Freshwater Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Freshwater Fish

Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus SAT Saltwater Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Freshwater Fish

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Terrestrial Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Terrestrial Mammal

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Zapus hudsonius preblei T Terrestrial Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wetland Monocot

Orchid, Western Prairie Platanthera praeclara T Unattributed Monocot

Marine Species

Coral (Anthozoa)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata Acroporidae Scleractinia

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis Acroporidae Scleractinia

Fish (Actinopterygii)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Rockfish, Bocaccio Sebastes paucispinis Scorpaenidae Perciformes

Rockfish, Canary Sebastes pinniger Scorpaenidae Perciformes

Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Chum Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Coho Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Sawfish, Smalltooth Pristis pectinata Pristidae Pristiformes

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, North American green Acipenser medirostris Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Gastropod (Gastropoda)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Abalone, Black Haliotis cracherodii Haliotidae Vetigastropoda

Abalone, White Haliotis sorenseni Haliotidae Vetigastropoda
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Mammal (Mammalia)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Bear, polar Ursus maritimus Ursidae Carnivora

Dugong Dugong dugon Dugongidae Sirenia

Killer whale, Southern Resident DPS Orcinus orca Cervidae Artiodactyla

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus Trichechidae Sirenia

Otter, Northern Sea Enhydra lutris kenyoni Mustelidae Carnivora

Otter, Southern Sea Enhydra lutris nereis Mustelidae Carnivora

Seal, bearded (Atlantic) Erignathus barbatus barbatus Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, bearded (Pacific) Erignathus barbatus nauticus Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Arctocephalus townsendi Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Monachus schauinslandi Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Arctic) Phoca hispida hispida Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Baltic) Phoca hispida botnica Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Ladoga) Phoca hispida ladogensis Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Okhotsk) Phoca hispida ochotensis Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, spotted Phoca largha Phocidae Carnivora

Sea-lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus Otariidae Carnivora

Mammal (Mammalia)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Whale, beluga Delphinapterus leucas Monodontidae Cetacea

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Bowhead Balaena mysticetus Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus Eschrichtiidae Cetacea

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, North Atlantic right Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis) Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, North Pacific right Eubalaena japonica Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Sperm Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus) Physeteridae Cetacea

Monocot (Liliopsida)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Seagrass, Johnson's Halophila johnsonii Hydrocharitaceae Alismatales

Reptile (Reptilia)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea Dermochelyidae Testudines

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea Cheloniidae Testudines

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Nerodia clarkii taeniata Colubridae Squamata