# Patent

## Title
Microorganism with enhanced L-lysine productivity and method for producing L-lysine by using same

## Abstract

Provided are a beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, a microorganism of the Corynebacterium genus including a polynucleotide coding the same, and a method for producing L-lysine by culturing the same.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present application relates to a microorganism with enhanced L-lysine productivity and a method for producing L-lysine by using the same.
BACKGROUND ART
World widely, a variety of fermentation methods using microorganisms have been used for mass-production of useful products such as amino acids, etc. In particular, many technologies including the development of bacterial strains and establishment of fermentation conditions have been developed for successful fermentation using microorganisms. To develop bacterial strains for mass-production of useful products, genetic factors directly or indirectly involved in the upstream of glycolytic pathway are properly used to develop a strain with a higher efficiency. A representative technique is global Transcription Machinery Engineering (gTME) which induces random mutations in recruiting proteins of RNA polymerase to regulate all genetic expressions in cells.
RNA polymerase used in a transcription step of a microorganism is a macromolecule consisting of 5 subunits; two alpha, beta, beta prime, and sigma subunits. Its holoenzyme is expressed as α2ββ′σ. Of them, a core enzyme (α2ββ′) is used in all transcription steps, excluding the step of transcription initiation. In microorganisms, transcription begins with the specific binding of RNA polymerase to a promoter, and the holoenzyme binds with DNA in the region about 45 base pairs upstream and about 10 base pairs downstream from the initiation point of RNA polymerization.
Beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase of E. coli has an evolutionarily highly conserved region of A ̃H. Many studies have reported that induction of mutations in this region causes different changes such as weakening of binding of RNA polymerase with other factors, increase in growth temperature sensitivity of the strain, etc. However, there have been no studies about the application of gTME to a bacterial strain belonging to the genus Corynebacterium and changes in characteristics by mutations.
Genes encoding beta and beta prime subunits of the subunits constituting RNA polymerase of a bacterial strain belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, namely, rpoB and rpoC, form an operon, and they consist of nucleotides of 3.5 kb and 4.0 kb, respectively.
The present inventors introduced random mutations into rpoC, which is derived from the bacterial strain belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, and screened a mutant that contributes to the improvement of L-lysine productivity. They found that the introduction of mutations into the regions corresponding to G and H of E. coli-derived rpoC greatly improves lysine productivity, thereby completing the present application.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
An aspect provides a beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, which is able to increase L-lysine production.
Another aspect provides a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence encoding the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, which is able to increase L-lysine production.
Still another aspect provides a vector including the polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence encoding the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, which is able to increase L-lysine production.
Still another aspect provides a microorganism including the beta prime subunit mutant.
Still another aspect provides a method of producing L-lysine by culturing the microorganism.
Technical Solution
An aspect provides a beta prime subunit (β′-subunit) of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 are substituted with other amino acids.
The beta prime subunit may be RpoC protein. The RpoC protein may include a conserved region. The conserved region may be an evolutionarily highly conserved region. The RpoC protein may include a plurality of domains. The plurality of domains may be A to H domains. The beta prime subunit may be derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. An amino acid sequence of the beta prime subunit derived from the microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or may have about 70% or higher, about 75% or higher, about 80% or higher, about 85% or higher, about 90% or higher, about 92% or higher, about 95% or higher, about 97% or higher, about 98% or higher, or about 99% or higher sequence homology with SEQ ID NO: 1. A sequence having a homology with amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence of the beta prime subunit derived from the microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium, that is, the RpoC amino acid sequence, may be an E. coli-derived RpoC amino acid sequence. The RpoC amino acid sequence of E. coli including G and H domains may be represented by SEQ ID NO: 4.
1 to 5 amino acids in the amino acid sequences of G domain and H domain of beta prime subunit represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 may be substituted with other amino acids. Specifically, 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 may be substituted with other amino acids. More specifically, 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 1014 to 1034 or at positions 1230 to 1255 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 may be substituted with other amino acids. SEQ ID NO: 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 20, 23, 24, or 25 may be an amino acid sequence resulting from the substitution of 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 1014 to 1034 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 with other amino acids. SEQ ID NO: 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, or 27 may be an amino acid sequence resulting from the substitution of 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 1230 to 1255 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 with other amino acids. SEQ ID NO: 26 may be an amino acid sequence resulting from the substitution of 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 1014 to 1034 and at positions 1230 to 1255 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 with other amino acids.
A specific embodiment provides a polynucleotide including a nucleotide sequence encoding the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. 1 may be substituted with other amino acids.
Still another aspect provides a vector including the polynucleotide. The polynucleotide may be operably linked to a regulatory sequence. The regulatory sequence may include a promoter, a terminator, or an enhancer. Further; the promoter may be operably linked to a sequence encoding a gene. As used herein, the term “operably linked” may refer to a functional linkage between a nucleic acid expression control sequence and another nucleotide sequence, whereby the control sequence directs transcription and/or translation of the nucleotide sequence encoding the gene.
Still another aspect provides a microorganism expressing the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 is/are substituted with other amino acids.
Provided is a microorganism including a polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence encoding the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 is/are substituted with other amino acids. Provided is also a microorganism which is introduced with the vector including the polynucleotide having the nucleotide sequence encoding the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 is/are substituted with other amino acids. The introduced microorganism may be a transformed microorganism.
Introduction of the gene may be introduction of any form, for example, introduction of an expression cassette, introduction of a gene in itself, or introduction of a polynucleotide construct. The expression cassette may include all elements required for self-expression of the gene. The expression cassette may be a polynucleotide construct. The expression cassette may include a promoter, a transcription termination signal, a ribosome binding site, and a translation termination signal, which are operably linked to the gene. The expression cassette may be in the form of a self-replicable expression vector. The gene itself or the polynucleotide structure may be introduced into a host cell to be operably linked to a sequence required for expression in the host cell.
As used herein, the term “transformation” means introducing a gene into a host cell so that the gene is expressed therein. The transformed gene may be integrated into the host chromosome or/and exit as an extrachromosomal element. The gene may be a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide. The gene includes DNA or RNA.
The microorganism may be a microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium. The microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium may include Corynebacterium glutamicum, Corynebacterium efficiens, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, or Corynebacterium ammoniagenes, and it may be specifically Corynebacterium glutamicum. Specifically, the microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium may be a Corynebacterium glutamicum with Accession No. KCCM11016P, KCCM11347P (International deposit of KFCC10750), KCCM10770, or CJ3P.
Still another aspect provides a method for producing L-lysine, the method including the steps of culturing a microorganism expressing the beta prime subunit mutant of RNA polymerase, in which 1 to 5 amino acids at positions 975 to 1284 in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 is/are substituted with other amino acids, so as to produce L-lysine in culture medium; and recovering L-lysine from the culture medium. The microorganism is the same as described above. Culturing the microorganism may be performed in a proper medium under culture conditions that are well known in the art. Such culturing process may be easily adjusted depending on a microorganism to be selected. The culturing method may include one or more selected from the group consisting of batch culture, continuous culture, and fed-batch culture.
The medium used in culturing may meet the requirements of a particular microorganism. The medium may be selected from the group consisting of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, trace elements, and combinations thereof.
The carbon source may be selected from the group consisting of carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, alcohols, organic acids, and combinations thereof. The carbohydrate may be glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, starch, cellulose, or a combination thereof. The lipid may be soybean oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, coconut oil, or a combination thereof. The fatty acid may be palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, or a combination thereof. The alcohol may be glycerol or ethanol. The organic acid may be acetic acid.
The nitrogen source may include an organic nitrogen source, an inorganic nitrogen source, or a combination thereof. The organic nitrogen source may be selected from the group consisting of peptone, yeast extract, meat extract, malt extract, corn steep liquid (CSL), soybean meal, and combinations thereof. The inorganic nitrogen source may be selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, and combinations thereof.
The medium may include one selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, metal salts, amino acids, vitamins, precursors, and combinations thereof. The phosphorous source may include potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, a sodium-containing salt corresponding thereto. The metal salt may be magnesium sulfate and iron sulfate.
The medium or individual components may be added to the culture medium in a batch mode, a continuous mode, or a fed-batch mode.
In the culturing method, the pH of the culture may be adjusted. The pH adjustment may be performed by adding ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid to the culture. Further, the culturing method may include prevention of air bubbles generation. The prevention of air bubbles generation may be performed by using an antifoaming agent. The antifoaming agent may include fatty acid polyglycol ester. Further, the culturing method may include injection of gas into the culture. The gas may include any gas to maintain the aerobic condition of the culture. The gas may be oxygen or oxygen-containing gas. The oxygen-containing gas may include air. In the culturing, the temperature of the culture may be 20 to 45° C., for example, 22 to 42° C., or 25 to 40° C. The culturing may be continued until the production of L-lysine reaches a desired level.
In the method of producing L-lysine, the L-lysine may include salts of L-lysine.
Advantageous Effects of the Application
Production of L-lysine may be increased by using a beta prime subunit of RNA polymerase according to an aspect, a polynucleotide encoding the same, a vector including the polynucleotide, and a microorganism.
Production of L-lysine may be increased by a method of producing L-lysine according to an aspect.



DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of E. coli, and a predicted conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of Corynebacterium; and
FIG. 2 is a comparison between predicted amino acid sequences of G and H conserved regions of Corynebacterium RpoC and E. coli RpoC.



MODE OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present application will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these Examples are for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited by these Examples.
Example 1: Construction of rpoC Mutant Library by Artificial Mutagenesis
To obtain an rpoC gene mutant, a vector library was constructed by the following method. A base sequence (4302 bp) including an upstream base sequence (300 bp) of Corynebacterium-derived rpoC gene (SEQ ID NO: 5) and rpoC (4002 bp) gene was amplified by error-prone PCR using the chromosome of KCCM11016P (International deposit of KFCC10881 of Korean Patent Publication No. KR2007-0057093) as a template and primers of SEQ ID NOS: 6 and 7. For the purpose of introducing 0-4.5 mutations per kb into the amplified gene, a GenemorphII Random Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) was used. 50 uL of a reaction solution containing 500 ng of the chromosome of KCCM11016P strain, each 125 ng of primers 1 and 2, 1× Mutazyme II reaction buffer, 40 mM dNTPs (deoxyNucleotide-Triphosphates) mix, 2.5 U of Mutazyme II DNA polymerase was subjected to denaturation at 94° C. for 2 minutes, 25 cycles of denaturation at 94° C. for 1 minute, annealing at 56° C. for 1 minute, and polymerization at 72° C. for 4 minutes, and then polymerization at 72° C. for 10 minutes.
The amplified gene fragment was ligated to a pTOPO vector using a pTOPO TA Cloning Kit (Invitrogen). Thereafter, the vector was transformed into E. coli DH5α and spread on an LB solid medium containing 25 mg/l kanamycin. 20 kinds of transformed colonies were selected, and plasmids were obtained therefrom, followed by sequencing analysis. As a result, mutations were found to be introduced into the different sites at a frequency of 0.5 mutation/kb. About 10,000 of transformed E. coli colonies were taken and plasmids were extracted therefrom, which were designated as pTOPO-rpoC(M) library. A pTOPO-rpoC(W) plasmid having a wild-type rpoC gene was also prepared as a control group. An rpoC gene fragment was amplified by PCR using the chromosome of KCCM11016P as a template and primers of SEQ ID NOS: 6 and 7, and then a pTOPO-rpoC(W) plasmid was prepared in the same manner.
Example 2: Screening of rpoC Mutant Based on Lysine Productivity
KCCM11016P strain as a parent strain was transformed with pTOPO-rpoC(M) library and spread on a complex medium plate containing kanamycin (25 mg/1) to obtain about 21,500 colonies.
<Complex Medium Plate (pH 7.0)>
10 g of glucose, 10 g of peptone, 5 g of beef extract, 5 g of yeast extract, 18.5 g of Brain Heart Infusion, 2.5 g of NaCl, 2 g of urea, 91 g of sorbitol, 20 g of agar (based on 1 L of distilled water)
<Seed Medium (pH 7.0)>
20 g of glucose, 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, 1.5 g of urea, 4 g of KH2PO4, 8 g of K2HPO4, 0.5 g of MgSO4.7H2O, 100 μg of biotin, 1000 μg of thiamine HCl, 2000 μg of calcium pantothenate, 2000 μg of nicotinamide (based on 1 L of distilled water)
About 21,500 colonies thus obtained were inoculated in 300 uL of a selection medium, respectively and cultured in a 96-well plate at 32° C., 1000 rpm for about 24 hours. To analyze a production amount of L-lysine in the culture, a ninhydrin method was used. After completing the culture, 10 ul of a culture supernatant and 190 ul of a ninhydrin reaction solution were reacted at 65° C. for 30 minutes, and then absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 570 nm using a spectrophotometer to select about 2,000 mutant colonies showing higher absorbance than a control group, KCCM11016P-rpoC(W) having a wild-type rpoC. Other colonies showed similar absorbance to KCCM11016P or KCCM11016P-rpoC(W) used as a control group. From the selected 2000 colonies, the top 183 strains showing enhanced L-lysine productivity, compared to the KCCM11016P-rpoC(W) strain, were selected by the ninhydrin reaction in the same manner.
<Selection Medium (pH 8.0)>
10 g of glucose, 5.5 g of ammonium sulfate, 1.2 g of MgSO4.7H2O, 0.8 g of KH2PO4, 16.4 g of K2HPO4, 100 μg of biotin, 1000 mg of thiamine HCl, 2000 μg of calcium pantothenate, 2000 μg of nicotinamide (based on 1 L of distilled water)
Example 3: Identification of Gene Mutations in Selected Strains from rpoC Artificial Mutant Library
To figure out characters of the strains selected in Example 2, sequencing analysis was performed. To find out mutations, a base sequence of the rpoC chromosomal region of KCCM11016P-rpoC(M) was determined, and identified based on the NIH GenBank (US).
FIG. 1b shows a conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of E. coli, and a predicted conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of Corynebacterium. According to FIG. 1b, the results of homology analysis of the base sequence of the selected mutant rpoC showed that mutations are concentrated at positions 975 to 1284 of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 encoded by rpoC in 166 strains corresponding to 91% of 183 strains. It was also found that mutations are concentrated in a small region at positions 1014 to 1034 and at positions of 1230 to 1255 of the amino acid sequence in 116 strains corresponding to about 70% of 166 strains.
To figure out characters of the region in which mutations are concentrated, amino acid sequences were compared between Corynebacterium RpoC and RNA polymerase beta prime subunit of E. coli actively studied. FIG. 2 is a comparison between predicted amino acid sequences of G and H conserved regions of E. coli RpoC and Corynebacterium RpoC. According to FIG. 2, it showed 68.4% and 77.8% homology to G and H domains among 8 domains which are known as evolutionarily highly conserved sequence of the RNA polymerase beta prime subunit of E. coli. FIG. 1 shows a conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of E. coli, and a predicted conserved sequence structure of RpoC protein of Corynebacterium. According to FIG. 1b, mutations were found to be concentrated at positions 975 to 1284 of Corynebacterium RpoC protein, this region showing high homology to G and H domains of rpoC, which is an RNA polymerase beta prime subunit of E. coli. Among 116 strains, the top 20 strains showing high absorbance in the ninhydrin reaction were designated as KCCM11016P-rpoC(M1) ̃KCCM11016P-rpoC(M20).
Example 4: Lysine Productivity and Analysis of KCCM11016P-rpoC(M)
To figure out characters of 20 strains of KCCM11016P-rpoC(M1) KCCM11016P-rpoC(M20) selected in Example 3, they were cultured by the following method, their lysine productivities were compared and components in culture broths were analyzed.
The individual strains were inoculated in a 250 ml corner-baffled flask containing 25 ml of a seed medium and cultured with shaking at 200 rpm and 30° C. for 20 hours. 1 ml of the seed medium was inoculated to a 250 ml corner-baffled flask containing 24 ml of a production medium and cultured while shaking at 200 rpm and 30° C. for 72 hours. The seed medium and production medium have the following compositions.
<Seed Medium (pH 7.0)>
20 g of glucose, 10 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, 1.5 g of urea, 4 g of KH2PO4, 8 g of K2HPO4, 0.5 g of MgSO4.7H2O, 100 μg of biotin, 1000 μg of thiamine HCl, 2000 μg of calcium pantothenate, 2000 μg of nicotinamide (based on 1 L of distilled water)
<Production Medium (pH 7.0)>
100 g of glucose, 40 g of (NH4)2SO4, 2.5 g of soy bean protein, 5 g of corn steep solid, 3 g of urea, 1 g of KH2PO4, 0.5 g of MgSO4.H2O, 100 μg of biotin, 1000 μg of thiamine HCl, 2000 μg of calcium pantothenate, 3000 μs of nicotinamide, 30 g of CaCO3 (based on 1 L of distilled water)
L-lysine concentrations analyzed by HPLC are given in Table 1.







TABLE 1







Concentrations of L-lysine produced by KCCM11016P-rpoC(M)









L-lysine (g/l)













strain
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Average
















Con-
KCCM11016P-rpoC(W)
43.2
44.1
43.2
42.8


trol


group


1
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M1)
46.1
46.5
47.1
43.6


2
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M2)
47.7
46.3
46.8
46.9


3
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M3)
48.2
48.6
48.4
48.4


4
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M4)
49
48.9
48.9
48.9


5
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M5)
48.3
49.8
49.5
49.2


6
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M6)
46.2
46.9
46.7
46.6


7
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M7)
45.3
45.8
45.9
45.7


8
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M8)
46.1
46.5
45.1
45.9


9
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M9)
47.3
47.9
47.9
47.7


10
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M10)
48.3
48.5
47.9
48.2


11
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M11)
45.3
45.8
45.9
45.7


12
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M12)
48.6
48.3
48.3
48.4


13
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M13)
46.6
47
47.1
46.9


14
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M14)
47.3
48.6
48
48.0


15
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M15)
49.2
49.2
49.4
49.3


16
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M16)
46.2
46.5
46
46.2


17
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M17)
46.3
45.2
45.8
45.8


18
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M18)
48.3
48.2
48.3
48.3


19
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M19)
47.3
47.8
47.5
47.5


20
KCCM11016P-rpoC(M20)
48.3
48.7
48.5
48.5









As shown in Table 1, the average concentration of L-lysine in KCCM11016P-rpoC(M) was increased by 13%, compared to that of an L-lysine-producing strain, KCCM11016P-rpoC(W). Alterations in amino acid sequences of 20 kinds of rpoC mutants are represented by SEQ ID NOS: 8 to 27. The result of analyzing the amino acid sequences of 20 kinds of the mutants showed that lysine productivity is greatly enhanced by introducing mutations into the region at positions 975 to 1284, this region showing high homology to G and H domains of rpoC, which is an RNA polymerase beta prime subunit of E. coli.







TABLE 2







rpoC amino acid mutations in KCCM11016P-rpoC(M1)~(M20)










Strain
rpoC amino acid mutation







KCCM11016P-rpoC(M1)
Q1016G



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M2)
T1029H



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M3)
F1247K



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M4)
W24G, G995E, I1018C



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M5)
G995H, I1231C



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M6)
R1252T



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M7)
G1022R



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M8)
A1015D



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M9)
A1237P



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M10)
W1241N



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M11)
Y36F, T1255C



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M12)
E1249Y, G1282F



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M13)
G1022S



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M14)
S1243G



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M15)
E1239T



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M16)
G1034K, D1038H



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M17)
L340E, A1014D



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M18)
A1015H



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M19)
S1017R, L1236T



KCCM11016P-rpoC(M20)
G1230Y, N1260H










Example 5: Construction of Vector for Insertion of the rpoC Mutant into Chromosome of the Strain Producing High-Concentration of L-Lysine
To examine the effects of mutations in a region showing a high homology to G and H domains of E. coli rpoC, among the mutations in the sequence-substituted rpoC mutant strains which were confirmed in Example 2, vectors for chromosomal insertion thereof were constructed.
Based on the reported base sequences, primers of SEQ ID NOS: 28 and 30 having an EcoRI restriction site at the 5′-terminal and a primer of SEQ ID NO: 30 having a SalI restriction site at the 3′-terminal were synthesized. Of them, primers of SEQ ID NOS: 28 and 30, and M1, M2, M4, M7, M8, M13, M16, M17, M18, and M19 of KCCM11016P-rpoC, namely, 10 kinds of chromosomes as templates, were used to amplify about 2000 bp of 10 kinds of rpoC(mt) gene fragments by PCR. PCR conditions consisted of denaturation at 94° C. for 5 minutes, 30 cycles of denaturation at 94° C. for 30 seconds, annealing at 56° C. for 30 seconds, and polymerization at 72° C. for 2 minutes, and then denaturation at 72° C. for 7 minutes. Further, primers of SEQ ID NOS: 29 and 30, and M3, M5, M6, M9, M10, M11, M12, M14, M15, and M20 of KCCM11016P-rpoC, namely, 10 kinds of chromosomes as templates, were used to amplify about 600 bp of 10 kinds of rpoC(mt) gene fragments by PCR. Primers used herein are represented by SEQ ID NOS: 28 to 30.
20 kinds of gene fragments amplified by PCR were treated with restriction enzymes, EcoRI and SalI, respectively to obtain DNA fragments, each thereof was ligated to a pDZ vector (Korean Patent NO. 2009-0094433) for chromosomal insertion having EcoRI and SalI restriction sites, and transformed into E. coli DH5a, which was spread on an LB solid medium containing kanamycin (25 mg/1). Colonies transformed with the desired gene-inserted vector were selected by PCR, and plasmids were obtained therefrom by a generally known plasmid extraction method, and these plasmids were designated as pDZ-rpoC(M1) ̃(M20) according to the number of the strain used as a template, respectively.
Example 6: Introduction of rpoC Mutant into Chromosome of the KCCM11016P Strain Producing High-Concentration of L-Lysine and Comparison of Lysine Productivity
pDZ-rpoC(M1) ̃(M20) vectors prepared in Example 5 were transformed to an L-lysine-producing strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM11016P by homologous chromosome recombination. Thereafter, the strains having chromosomal insertion of rpoC mutation were selected by sequencing analysis, and cultured in the same manner as in Example 3. Concentrations of L-lysine therein were analyzed, and the results are given in Table 3. The strains introduced with rpoC mutations were designated as Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM11016P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), respectively.









TABLE 3









L-lysine (g/l)













Strain
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Average
















Con-
KCCM11016P
42.2
43.4
42.7
42.8


trol


group


1
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M1)
45.2
45.2
44.9
45.1


2
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M2)
46.2
45.8
46.5
46.2


3
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M3)
47
47.9
47.5
47.5


4
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M4)
47.6
47.2
47.8
47.5


5
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M5)
48.3
49.8
49.5
49.2


6
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M6)
46.3
46.5
46
46.3


7
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M7)
45.8
44.7
45.2
45.2


8
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M8)
46.1
46.5
45.1
45.9


9
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M9)
45.9
46.8
47.1
46.6


10
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M10)
47.2
47.6
47.4
47.4


11
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M11)
45.3
45.8
45.9
45.7


12
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M12)
47.8
47.8
48.2
47.9


13
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M13)
46.3
46
46.6
46.3


14
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M14)
47.2
46.9
46.7
46.9


15
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M15)
50.1
48.7
49.2
49.3


16
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M16)
46.2
45.9
45.8
46


17
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M17)
45.3
45.8
45.9
45.7


18
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M18)
47.8
47.6
47.2
47.5


19
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M19)
46.8
46.3
45.9
46.3


20
KCCM11016P::rpoC(M20)
47.6
47.3
47.8
47.6









As shown in Table 3, average concentrations of L-lysine were increased as high as about 6 ̃15% in KCCM11016P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), each was introduced with an rpoC gene having a substitution of 1 or 2 base(s), compared to a control group, KCCM11016P having a wild-type rpoC gene. Among them, KCCM11016P::rpoC(M15) as a representative of the top 20%, KCCM11016P::rpoC(M10) as a representative of the top 40%, and KCCM11016P::rpoC(M19) as a representative of the top 60% were named CA01-2267, CA01-2268, and CA01-2266, respectively and deposited at the Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM) on Jun. 12, 2013 with Accession NOs: KCCM11428P, KCCM11429P, and KCCM11427P.
Example 7: Introduction of rpoC Mutant into Chromosome of the KCCM11347P Strain Producing High-Concentration of L-Lysine and Comparison of Lysine Productivity
To examine the effects in other strains belonging to the genus Corynebacterium glutamicum, strains were prepared by introducing rpoC mutations into an L-lysine-producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM11347P (Korean Patent No. 1994-0001307, international deposited microorganism of KFCC10750) in the same manner as in Example 6, and designated as KCCM11347P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), respectively. They were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3, and concentrations of L-lysine therein were analyzed, and the results are given in Table 4.







TABLE 4







Concentrations of L-lysine produced by KFCC10750::rpoC(M1)~(M20)









L-lysine (g/l)













Strain
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Average
















Con-
KCCM11347P
38.3
38
38.5
38.3


trol


group


1
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M1)
41.2
41.3
41.8
41.6


2
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M2)
42.8
42.2
42.7
42.5


3
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M3)
42.7
43.7
43.8
43.8


4
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M4)
43.6
45.5
41.9
43.7


5
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M5)
44.2
44.8
44.6
44.5


6
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M6)
42.3
42
42.8
42.4


7
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M7)
42.1
42.3
42
42.2


8
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M8)
42.2
42.6
42.8
42.5


9
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M9)
41.8
42.9
43
43


10
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M10)
43.7
43
42.8
43.2


11
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M11)
42.2
42.7
41.8
42.3


12
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M12)
43.8
43.9
44
43.9


13
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M13)
43.3
43.3
41.3
42.6


14
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M14)
42.4
42.2
43.8
43


15
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M15)
44
44.8
44.2
44.5


16
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M16)
43
42.8
42.3
42.6


17
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M17)
40.8
43.3
41.8
42.6


18
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M18)
43
42.7
43.5
43.1


19
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M19)
42.8
42.7
43
42.8


20
KCCM11347P::rpoC(M20)
44.1
44.4
44.4
44.3









As shown in Table 4, it was found that the average concentrations of L-lysine were increased by 8 ̃16% in experimental groups 1 ̃20, namely, KCCM11347P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), each was introduced with an rpoC gene having a substitution of 1 or 2 base(s), compared to a control group, KCCM11347P having a wild-type rpoC gene.
Example 8: Introduction of rpoC Mutant into Chromosome of the KCCM10770P Strain Producing High-Concentration of L-Lysine and Comparison of Lysine Productivity
To examine the effects in other strains belonging to the genus Corynebacterium glutamicum, strains were prepared by introducing rpoC mutations into an L-lysine-producing strain Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM10770P (Korean Patent No. 0924065) in the same manner as in Example 6, and designated as KCCM10770P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), respectively. The KCCM10770P strain is an L-lysine-producing strain derived from KCCM11016P, which retains one or more copies of 6 types of the genes constituting the lysine biosynthesis pathway, namely, aspB (aspartate aminotransferase-encoding gene), lysC (aspartate kinase-encoding gene), asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase-encoding gene), dapA (dihydrodipicolinate synthase-encoding gene), dapB (dihydrodipicolinate reductase-encoding gene) and lysA (diaminopimelate decarboxylate-encoding gene) on the chromosome. They were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3, and concentrations of L-lysine therein were analyzed, and the results are given in Table 5.







TABLE 5







Concentrations of L-lysine produced by KCCM10770P::rpoC(M1)~(M20)









L-lysine (g/l)













Strain
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Average
















Con-
KCCM10770P
47.8
47.2
47.5
47.5


trol


group


1
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M1)
50.2
50
48.9
49.7


2
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M2)
50.2
50.8
50.9
50.6


3
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M3)
51.8
51.8
51.2
51.6


4
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M4)
51.8
51.6
51.2
51.5


5
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M5)
52
52.3
52.6
52.3


6
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M6)
50.7
50.4
50.4
50.5


7
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M7)
49.2
49.8
49.5
49.5


8
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M8)
50.2
50.4
50.7
50.4


9
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M9)
51.4
51
51.4
51.3


10
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M10)
51.6
51.3
50.9
51.3


11
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M11)
49.2
49
48
48.7


12
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M12)
52
51.8
52.1
52


13
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M13)
51.2
51.8
51
51.3


14
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M14)
52.2
49.9
51.8
51.3


15
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M15)
52.6
51.8
52.3
52.2


16
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M16)
50.2
50.6
50.4
50.4


17
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M17)
49.8
49.8
49.7
49.8


18
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M18)
51
51.2
52.1
51.4


19
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M19)
50.2
51.6
50.8
50.9


20
KCCM10770P::rpoC(M20)
51.8
51.8
51.8
51.8









As shown in Table 5, it was found that the average concentrations of L-lysine were increased by about 3 ̃10% in experimental groups 1 ̃20, namely, KCCM10770P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), each was introduced with an rpoC gene having a substitution of 1 or 2 base(s), compared to a control group, KCCM10770P having a wild-type rpoC gene.
Example 9: Introduction of rpoC Mutant into Chromosome of the CJ3P Strain Producing High-Concentration of L-Lysine and Comparison of Lysine Productivity
To examine the effects in other strains belonging to the genus Corynebacterium glutamicum, strains were prepared by introducing rpoC mutations into an L-lysine-producing strain CJ3P (Binder et al. Genome Biology 2012, 13:R40) in the same manner as in Example 6, and designated as CJ3P::rpoC(M1) ̃(M20), respectively. The CJ3P strain is a Corynebacterium glutamicum strain having L-lysine productivity, which is prepared by introducing 3 types of mutations (pyc(Pro458Ser), hom(Val59Ala), lysC(Thr311Ile)) into a wild-type by a known technique. They were cultured in the same manner as in Example 3, and concentrations of L-lysine therein were analyzed, and the results are given in Table 6.







TABLE 6







Concentration of L-lysine produced by CJ3P::rpoC(M1)~(M20)









L-lysine (g/l)













Strain
Batch 1
Batch 2
Batch 3
Average
















Control
CJ3P
8.3
8
8.4
8.2


group


1
CJ3P::rpoC(M1)
8.9
9.1
9.3
9.1


2
CJ3P::rpoC(M2)
10.8
10.1
9.7
10.2


3
CJ3P::rpoC(M3)
11.9
11.7
11.2
11.6


4
CJ3P::rpoC(M4)
11.8
11.9
11
11.6


5
CJ3P::rpoC(M5)
11.8
11.7
12
11.8


6
CJ3P::rpoC(M6)
10.2
10
10.3
10.2


7
CJ3P::rpoC(M7)
8.9
8.7
9.1
8.9


8
CJ3P::rpoC(M8)
9.7
9.7
9.8
9.7


9
CJ3P::rpoC(M9)
11.2
11.3
11.1
11.2


10
CJ3P::rpoC(M10)
11.2
10.9
10.8
11


11
CJ3P::rpoC(M11)
9.2
9.5
8.7
9.1


12
CJ3P::rpoC(M12)
12.9
13
12.7
12.9


13
CJ3P::rpoC(M13)
10.8
10.3
10.3
10.5


14
CJ3P::rpoC(M14)
10.7
10.5
11
10.7


15
CJ3P::rpoC(M15)
12.4
12.2
12.3
12.3


16
CJ3P::rpoC(M16)
9.6
9.9
9.7
9.7


17
CJ3P::rpoC(M17)
8.9
9.8
9.4
9.4


18
CJ3P::rpoC(M18)
10.9
10.9
10.7
10.8


19
CJ3P::rpoC(M19)
10.3
10.3
10.5
10.4


20
CJ3P::rpoC(M20)
11.2
12
11.8
11.7









As shown in Table 6, it was found that the average concentrations of L-lysine were increased up to 57% in experimental groups 1 ̃20, namely, CJ3P::rpoC (M1) ̃(M20), each was introduced with an rpoC gene having a substitution of 1 or 2 base(s), compared to a control group, CJ3P having a wild-type rpoC gene. Accordingly, lysine productivity is greatly enhanced by introducing mutations into the positions 975 to 1284, this region showing high homology to G and H domains of rpoC, which is an RNA polymerase beta prime subunit of E. coli.

## Claims

1. An RNA polymerase beta prime subunit (β′-subunit) mutant having an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 8 to SEQ ID NO:27.

2. A polynucleotide having a nucleotide sequence encoding the RNA polymerase beta prime subunit mutant of claim 1.

3. A vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 2 operably linked to a regulatory sequence.

4. A Corynebacterium microorganism expressing the RNA polymerase beta prime subunit mutant of claim 1.

5. The microorganism of claim 4, wherein the microorganism belonging to the genus Corynebacterium is Corynebacterium glutamicum.

6. A method of producing L-lysine, the method comprising the steps of:
culturing the microorganism of claim 4 to produce L-lysine in a culture; and
recovering L-lysine from the culture.