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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-10

INDUSTRY SERIES

Plumbing, Heating,

and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1711

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-10

INDUSTRY SERIES

Plumbing, Heating,

and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

Industry 1711

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued August 1995
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction industries.

Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction

and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L. Hostetter,

Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and variance and

estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of C. Lloyd

Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in the

management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

David W. Cartwright, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

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Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

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the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

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Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

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other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Contents

Plumbing, Heating,

and Air- Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Construction V ...........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

FIGURES

1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction 3 ............................

2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done 3 .............................

TABLES

Statistics for Establishments With Payroll

1. General Statistics by State: 1992 and 1987 4 ...................................

2. Detailed Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 6 .............................

3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation: 1992 and 1987 7 .................

4. Value of Inventories: 1992 and 1991 7 .........................................

5. Selected Statistics by Employment Size Class: 1992 and 1987 8 ..................

6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done: 1992 and

1987 ...................................................................... 8

7. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction: 1992 and 1987 9 ............

8. Selected Statistics by Specialization in Types of Construction: 1992 10 .............

9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment by State: 1992 12 .....................

10. Value of Construction Work by Location of Construction Work: 1992 and 1987 13 ...

11. Dollar Value of Business Done by Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987 14 ...... 12. Selected Industry Ratios: 1992 and 1987 15 ..................................... 13. Selected Industry Ratios by State: 1992 16 ......................................

Statistics for Establishments Without Payroll appear in the U.S. Industry

Summary Report.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ........................................................

B. Standard Industrial Classification Titles for Industry Groups and Industries B–1 ........

C. Geographic Divisions and States C–1 ..............................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–1
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Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in plumbing, heating, or air-conditioning work or

any combination of these types of work. Sheet metal work

performed by plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors in conjunction with the installation of plumbing,

heating, and air-conditioning equipment is included here;

but roofing and sheet metal work contractors are classified

in Industry 1761, Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors. For additional examples, refer

to the Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 19871

(SIC) published by the Office of Management and Budget,

Executive Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $57.7 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $56.9 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $21.1 billion for materials, components, and

supplies and $6.1 billion for construction work subcontracted to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and

lubricants for the industry were $949 million. Value added

for 1992 was $29.4 billion.

There were 75,395 establishments with total employment averaging 612,516 during the year. Total payroll for

1992 was $16.6 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 8 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for 56

percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office, or other place of business, where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

10–2 PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR–CONDITIONING 10–3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communications, repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants

Single–family houses, detached

 Industrial buildings

 Office buildings

 Other commercial buildings such as stores,

 restaurants, and automobile service stations

 Hospitals and institutional buildings

 Educational buildings

 Apartment buildings with two or more units,

 including rentals, apartment–type

 condominiums, and cooperatives

 Single–family houses, attached, including town–

houses and townhouse–type condominiums

 Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries,

 and chemical complexes, etc.

 Warehouses

 Other residential buildings, including hotels,

 motels, and tourist cabins

23.0

20.3

14.4

12.8

11.0

 13.9

 10.5

 8.8

 5.9

 7.5

 3.7

 1.5

11.3

 2.0

 1.5

2.2

 4.0

 3.4

 5.9

 3.6

 4.6

 2.1

 28.8

 28.5

36.7

36.9

10.7

 9.9

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.2

1.5
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Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 75 ------------------------ 395 612 516 455 117 16 613 239 11 781 219 56 902 406 50 755 709 29 431 529 22 089 755

Alabama 1 ------------------------------------- 140 10 667 8 328 237 663 172 412 800 645 743 871 437 945 328 018

Alaska 175 --------------------------------------- 1 112 783 38 402 26 096 163 572 130 690 69 245 64 126

Arizona 1 -------------------------------------- 085 9 435 7 210 213 561 153 237 789 707 742 960 397 358 356 070

Arkansas 695 ------------------------------------- 5 225 4 109 107 485 82 023 384 733 349 806 191 285 163 240

California 6 ------------------------------------- 998 55 569 40 972 1 786 647 1 253 096 5 956 333 5 498 412 3 357 578 2 195 438

Colorado 1 ------------------------------------- 232 9 931 7 457 258 526 189 184 910 429 808 840 443 663 379 663

Connecticut 1 ----------------------------------- 236 7 665 5 448 238 989 163 517 795 322 694 815 413 725 292 459

Delaware 233 ------------------------------------- 2 461 1 854 62 626 44 478 196 478 170 518 104 753 68 303

District of Columbia 39 --------------------------- 1 250 957 40 881 30 501 106 382 95 994 62 247 35 174

Florida 4 --------------------------------------- 584 36 926 26 905 795 789 535 653 2 910 802 2 649 193 1 432 364 1 257 414

Georgia 2 -------------------------------------- 029 17 291 13 017 392 050 271 382 1 435 736 1 260 720 677 517 590 889

Hawaii 251 --------------------------------------- 2 716 1 877 101 857 67 567 331 053 298 729 177 496 127 874

Idaho 396 ---------------------------------------- 3 131 2 360 71 046 53 330 267 366 250 144 131 171 121 612

Illinois 3 ---------------------------------------- 534 30 869 22 344 989 520 713 580 3 106 163 2 817 296 1 726 829 1 127 389

Indiana 1 --------------------------------------- 634 17 569 13 060 507 684 371 705 1 553 176 1 375 942 840 535 560 397

Iowa 925 ----------------------------------------- 6 950 5 147 172 832 125 910 608 929 540 978 315 930 242 009

Kansas 885 --------------------------------------- 6 472 4 621 159 923 110 401 595 627 543 310 300 620 250 417

Kentucky 1 ------------------------------------- 092 9 338 7 244 197 854 144 904 720 106 642 480 343 068 314 016

Louisiana 1 ------------------------------------- 006 8 068 6 006 183 734 128 853 671 604 592 082 310 207 287 048

Maine 495 ---------------------------------------- 2 318 1 607 52 208 35 548 191 826 172 185 107 541 72 399

Maryland 1 ------------------------------------- 752 18 398 13 654 511 809 344 231 1 771 689 1 487 191 866 750 637 495

Massachusetts 1 -------------------------------- 915 12 007 8 747 374 420 264 823 1 305 949 1 108 895 663 691 462 043

Michigan 2 ------------------------------------- 641 19 464 14 150 566 541 397 611 1 966 036 1 715 611 1 016 885 740 903

Minnesota 1 ------------------------------------ 305 11 727 8 619 377 246 277 359 1 249 940 1 087 734 652 901 449 897

Mississippi 590 ------------------------------------ 4 448 3 411 95 013 67 970 371 878 331 500 169 903 170 684

Missouri 1 -------------------------------------- 698 12 588 9 488 357 367 266 489 1 199 720 1 033 047 600 699 442 243

Montana 277 ------------------------------------- 1 344 973 34 090 23 621 126 259 112 947 63 217 52 898

Nebraska 621 ------------------------------------- 4 824 3 542 114 353 81 413 397 357 361 770 194 045 171 302

Nevada 370 -------------------------------------- 3 990 3 070 118 943 87 577 407 390 384 000 220 473 170 055

New Hampshire 430 ------------------------------- 2 436 1 735 65 601 46 841 219 830 191 975 109 344 85 113

New Jersey 3 ----------------------------------- 031 18 189 13 087 597 787 413 598 1 963 728 1 716 376 1 045 994 689 322

New Mexico 498 ---------------------------------- 3 309 2 538 65 217 46 890 243 865 217 524 127 581 94 802

New York 5 ------------------------------------ 026 37 160 26 743 1 142 038 781 545 4 037 256 3 435 502 2 062 954 1 408 069

North Carolina 2 -------------------------------- 541 25 463 19 708 579 449 413 223 1 983 422 1 822 909 987 613 860 462

North Dakota 221 --------------------------------- 1 378 1 087 34 695 26 899 128 338 111 502 61 801 55 598

Ohio 3 ----------------------------------------- 138 27 773 20 635 739 849 530 323 2 545 882 2 227 564 1 282 644 971 912

Oklahoma 957 ------------------------------------ 5 235 3 853 108 461 76 436 432 174 392 416 199 734 196 752

Oregon 802 -------------------------------------- 7 071 5 266 208 954 153 494 697 771 617 747 343 211 282 831

Pennsylvania 3 --------------------------------- 459 31 411 23 889 934 974 696 592 3 056 292 2 669 234 1 621 444 1 100 063

Rhode Island 328 --------------------------------- 1 603 1 151 46 309 33 235 167 687 149 698 87 159 63 214

South Carolina 1 -------------------------------- 145 9 811 7 475 204 251 144 479 687 125 627 204 334 437 299 102

South Dakota 244 --------------------------------- 1 393 1 026 28 237 20 740 107 170 99 412 54 618 47 725

Tennessee 1 ----------------------------------- 318 13 599 10 521 302 404 209 191 1 089 836 996 794 532 988 472 357

Texas 4 ---------------------------------------- 629 36 218 26 938 878 467 610 917 3 198 146 2 884 020 1 584 673 1 333 946

Utah 575 ----------------------------------------- 4 480 3 485 112 188 85 044 428 277 369 042 203 812 177 233

Vermont 261 -------------------------------------- 1 059 769 23 538 17 024 89 977 81 576 47 417 35 575

Virginia 2 --------------------------------------- 168 18 503 13 953 428 557 302 312 1 374 534 1 270 564 701 906 586 131

Washington 1 ----------------------------------- 469 14 223 10 481 444 098 313 719 1 453 211 1 290 825 793 115 543 911

West Virginia 399 --------------------------------- 2 650 2 036 51 130 37 831 196 810 182 903 106 497 81 425

Wisconsin 1 ------------------------------------ 734 14 921 11 119 437 937 321 278 1 428 177 1 326 527 812 310 538 073

Wyoming 192 ------------------------------------- 877 662 20 037 15 138 80 693 72 736 40 638 34 665

10–4nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

6 146 698 29 450 247 860 629 754 154 6 537 542 617 333 49 503 323 25 911 790 (Z) (Z) 2 U.S.

56 774 399 435 10 622 15 133 98 325 9 187 596 364 299 431 2 2 11 AL

32 882 112 553 2 115 1 500 18 388 871 104 971 54 019 6 5 15 AK

46 748 546 459 14 846 9 364 79 154 10 545 757 758 386 705 2 2 10 AZ

34 927 206 739 7 090 9 451 53 164 3 763 261 538 115 804 3 4 17 AR

457 921 3 789 213 116 356 73 581 630 504 64 720 5 975 639 3 365 458 1 1 4 CA

101 589 606 648 15 147 12 408 96 237 10 225 634 449 302 483 2 2 17 CO

100 507 362 466 10 801 8 460 96 698 11 107 949 573 501 254 3 2 18 CT

25 960 93 706 4 249 2 166 24 315 2 658 197 689 104 334 6 5 30 DE

10 388 54 709 1 874 953 10 926 1 172 94 492 51 141 4 2 3 DC

261 609 1 557 301 43 274 39 114 348 139 42 344 2 793 088 1 412 969 1 1 8 FL

175 017 702 652 18 720 15 916 156 712 19 379 1 437 158 680 239 2 2 8 GA

32 324 229 365 7 972 3 539 35 385 2 083 204 342 126 024 3 3 12 HI

17 222 180 767 2 325 5 800 38 057 1 657 116 977 60 991 4 5 23 ID

288 867 1 466 429 41 276 38 963 365 717 28 475 2 596 230 1 407 347 1 2 7 IL

177 234 756 831 31 535 20 082 175 378 14 755 1 201 123 632 928 2 1 9 IN

67 951 267 453 7 572 12 475 83 779 5 079 369 059 185 324 2 2 13 IA

52 318 255 009 7 536 7 591 65 034 5 811 402 292 230 056 3 4 10 KS

77 625 381 491 10 388 10 619 76 850 8 161 543 223 277 988 2 2 10 KY

79 522 324 388 10 650 6 321 62 192 6 487 462 665 219 696 2 2 13 LA

19 641 68 858 3 566 1 910 27 356 2 875 206 533 109 869 5 5 25 ME

284 498 1 012 463 24 858 18 729 181 442 21 202 1 746 564 882 217 2 1 6 MD

197 054 618 989 19 830 12 185 140 586 17 765 1 563 375 832 123 2 2 10 MA

250 425 961 007 25 745 27 278 226 209 19 591 1 772 975 945 744 2 1 10 MI

162 206 641 069 13 505 15 429 154 908 11 260 1 047 690 543 693 2 2 9 MN

40 378 192 325 5 042 4 811 32 737 3 757 259 435 129 664 3 3 19 MS

166 673 640 084 13 966 23 368 152 295 13 070 1 208 907 569 311 2 2 10 MO

13 312 85 781 1 698 3 144 17 727 1 041 73 898 38 946 6 6 24 MT

35 587 199 440 4 854 6 949 56 981 3 611 254 436 129 684 3 3 18 NE

23 390 319 695 6 967 3 150 48 033 3 068 266 110 143 796 2 2 15 NV

27 855 100 535 3 658 2 733 25 752 3 796 309 159 158 470 4 4 15 NH

247 352 830 128 30 415 19 895 211 192 23 788 2 167 859 1 155 305 1 1 8 NJ

26 341 165 345 3 843 4 535 29 435 3 276 205 093 111 772 5 5 18 NM

601 754 1 666 553 52 873 39 104 394 765 42 058 3 951 782 2 137 461 1 1 9 NY

160 512 853 326 25 578 47 305 383 810 21 528 1 380 772 705 150 1 2 4 NC

16 836 47 811 1 227 1 523 13 330 1 234 91 319 41 861 5 4 20 ND

318 318 1 068 000 36 563 31 659 271 145 27 187 2 017 620 1 044 399 1 1 7 OH

39 758 261 863 6 316 8 516 65 072 4 858 357 830 184 434 4 3 14 OK

80 024 423 752 10 674 8 724 57 258 4 632 377 566 199 510 3 2 13 OR

387 057 1 355 059 42 684 35 966 355 116 27 660 2 341 572 1 266 872 1 1 6 PA

17 989 66 037 1 917 (S) 12 731 1 885 172 903 83 344 4 5 (S) RI

59 920 333 861 12 298 10 112 99 455 10 514 669 171 320 578 2 2 14 SC

7 758 57 580 1 490 2 872 18 392 1 191 76 583 39 538 7 7 28 SD

93 042 633 310 15 199 13 304 123 259 12 417 892 336 423 643 2 2 9 TN

314 126 1 732 960 54 863 40 422 325 879 36 415 2 687 530 1 341 943 1 1 7 TX

59 235 282 731 6 207 6 010 46 186 3 774 301 199 140 228 3 3 18 UT

8 401 47 553 1 629 716 10 276 1 710 129 280 67 175 8 7 21 VT

103 970 832 426 19 497 19 447 183 623 21 062 1 385 283 715 838 2 1 9 VA

162 386 864 597 28 889 18 013 142 390 8 404 756 797 417 152 2 2 7 WA

13 907 82 143 2 183 2 811 21 234 2 233 138 243 75 795 5 5 26 WV

101 650 681 884 17 018 26 425 179 486 11 208 943 910 514 494 2 1 10 WI

7 957 29 471 1 228 2 382 14 527 761 50 939 27 566 7 9 20 WY

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Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 75 -------------------------------------------------- 395 69 566 60 243 56 435 (Z) – 1 1

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 759 17 982 19 761 28 698 1 2 2 2

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 612 516 617 333 512 004 458 687 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 433 552 452 744 381 815 341 167 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 455 916 469 279 390 306 367 815 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 476 968 491 584 407 130 386 712 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 454 034 469 567 388 931 378 311 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 455 117 470 793 397 548 368 993 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156 001 144 063 114 266 86 771 (Z) (Z) 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 154 290 143 590 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157 514 147 448 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 789 151 080 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157 399 146 545 (NA) (NA) (Z) (Z) (NA) (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 613 239 14 329 834 9 860 690 6 413 961 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 781 219 10 310 628 7 476 808 5 024 679 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 832 019 4 019 206 2 383 881 1 389 282 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 790 655 3 297 114 2 322 105 1 401 612 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 144 076 3 124 864 1 792 827 1 191 833 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 504 992 1 986 535 1 344 811 613 373 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 639 083 1 138 328 448 015 578 461 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 667 981 50 219 653 33 521 439 21 431 185 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 902 406 49 503 323 32 661 277 21 072 098 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 29 ---------------------------------------- 450 247 21 987 082 14 977 848 10 895 292 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 765 575 716 330 860 162 359 087 2 2 1 2

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 755 709 44 517 739 28 846 061 19 135 815 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 431 529 25 911 790 16 961 501 10 681 068 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 236 452 24 307 862 16 559 938 10 750 117 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 21 140 903 18 556 072 12 165 599 8 495 261 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Construction work subcontracted out to others 6 --------------------------------------------------- 146 698 4 985 584 3 815 215 1 936 282 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 948 852 766 206 579 123 318 575 1 1 1 1

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175 481 119 454 83 116 41 281 1 1 1 1

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 44 015 32 481 29 861 26 118 1 1 1 1

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 685 556 567 556 434 274 227 035 1 1 1 1

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 624 644 519 004 (NA) (NA) 1 (Z) (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 912 48 551 (NA) (NA) 3 2 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 43 ---------------------------------------------------- 800 46 713 31 872 24 142 2 2 2 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 860 ------------------------------------------------ 629 664 587 364 921 184 692 1 1 1 1 For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 382 555 287 552 191 898 107 612 2 1 1 1 For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 478 074 377 035 173 022 77 080 1 1 1 1

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 925 988 596 403 392 979 259 566 1 1 1 2 Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 440 301 298 091 186 256 117 679 1 1 1 3 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 65 354 53 347 37 877 18 505 2 2 1 2 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 420 332 244 964 168 844 123 383 1 1 1 3

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 902 406 49 503 323 32 661 277 21 072 098 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 158 758 7 129 289 4 684 376 3 194 485 1 1 2 (Z) Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 886 356 2 353 812 (NA) (NA) 2 2 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 272 401 4 775 476 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 743 649 42 374 033 27 976 900 17 877 613 1 (Z) (Z) (Z)

10–6nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 4

TSF:TIPS92-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 UTF:TIPS93-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 META:TIPS96-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:37

Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 -------------------------------------------- 056 840 4 476 131 1 1 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 754 154 720 556 2 1 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 606 002 565 812 1 1 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 148 153 154 744 4 3 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 273 ------------------------------------------------- 452 196 749 6 3

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 ------------------------------------------------- 537 542 4 999 938 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 732 072 662 294 1 1

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 -------------------------------------------- 221 073 1 329 493 2 2

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 99 449 119 228 5 3

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 70 981 73 396 5 4

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 28 468 45 831 11 6

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 29 ------------------------------------------------- 468 42 343 8 4

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 1 ------------------------------------------------- 291 054 1 406 377 2 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 607 124 058 3 3

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 4 -------------------------------------------- 835 767 3 146 637 1 1

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 654 706 601 328 2 1

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 535 --------------------------------- 021 492 415 2 1

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 284 -------------------------------- 543 338 010 2 2

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 119 -------------------------------- 684 108 913 4 3

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 243 ------------------------------------------------- 984 154 405 7 3

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 5 ------------------------------------------------- 246 488 3 593 560 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 629 466 538 235 1 1

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 395 (Z)

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 902 406 (Z)

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39 153 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 880 056 (Z)

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 257 932 2

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 236 009 2

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 285 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 264 726 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 957 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 757 624 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–7
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 5

TSF:TIPS92-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 UTF:TIPS93-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 META:TIPS96-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:37

Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 75 -------------------------- 395 44 174 16 118 8 959 4 551 1 074 417 84 17 2

All employees** 612 ----------------------------------- 516 84 002 103 618 117 945 132 766 71 601 60 456 28 031 14 097 (D)

Payroll, all employees 16 ------------------------------ 613 239 1 514 324 2 304 272 3 033 231 3 904 568 2 277 281 2 089 479 1 007 280 482 803 (D)

Dollar value of business done 57 ----------------------- 667 981 7 085 469 8 104 976 10 283 814 13 125 027 7 622 650 6 890 156 3 250 752 1 305 137 (D)

Value of construction work 56 -------------------------- 902 406 6 995 437 7 972 616 10 133 743 12 929 271 7 532 642 6 845 521 3 212 754 1 280 423 (D)

Net value of construction work† 50 --------------------- 755 709 6 644 375 7 474 133 9 311 048 11 410 059 6 453 736 5 693 395 2 725 938 1 043 025 (D)

Value added†† 29 ------------------------------------- 431 529 3 581 883 4 239 185 5 332 127 6 635 810 3 805 118 3 449 466 1 607 571 780 369 (D)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 22 ---- 089 755 3 152 524 3 367 309 4 128 991 4 970 005 2 738 626 2 288 564 1 156 365 287 370 (D)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 6 - 146 698 351 062 498 483 822 695 1 519 211 1 078 906 1 152 126 486 816 237 398 (D)

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 860 --- 629 114 543 138 178 161 707 181 853 97 494 88 816 45 107 32 931 (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 754 ----------------- 154 135 851 126 475 146 083 159 001 67 854 52 473 31 825 34 593 (D)

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 --- 537 542 987 857 1 059 746 1 286 201 1 469 253 731 299 539 054 241 875 222 257 (D)

1987

All employees** 617 ----------------------------------- 333 77 420 102 309 119 018 138 718 76 706 65 658 21 794 15 707 (D)

Value of construction work 49 -------------------------- 503 323 5 636 922 6 579 374 8 732 171 11 821 399 6 951 812 6 445 335 2 268 183 1 068 125 (D)

Value added†† 25 ------------------------------------- 911 790 2 927 527 3 570 519 4 770 035 6 170 715 3 562 334 3 299 591 1 054 757 556 310 (D)

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** (Z) ----------------------------------- 1 2 1 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Net value of construction work† (Z) --------------------- 2 2 1 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 2 ----------------- 5 5 4 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 75 ----------------- 395 (S) (S) 9 214 22 164 14 971 10 361 7 161 2 457 1 096 654 All employees** 612 -------------------------- 516 (S) (S) 13 008 55 312 73 011 92 280 121 783 81 114 64 739 105 227 Payroll, all employees 16 --------------------- 613 239 (S) (S) 167 266 895 034 1 454 726 2 155 391 3 265 082 2 518 816 2 133 027 3 969 570 Dollar value of business done 57 -------------- 667 981 (S) (S) 688 754 3 633 660 5 300 895 7 234 455 10 755 765 8 556 850 7 490 318 13 795 499 Value of construction work 56 ----------------- 902 406 (S) (S) 681 899 3 586 971 5 228 561 7 114 135 10 574 230 8 422 707 7 410 588 13 672 969 Net value of construction work† 50 ------------ 755 709 (S) (S) 661 910 3 466 321 5 021 789 6 768 493 9 773 775 7 465 523 6 292 788 11 100 767

Value added†† 29 ---------------------------- 431 529 (S) (S) 366 953 1 911 887 2 776 893 3 873 010 5 621 144 4 380 728 3 640 820 6 747 546 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 22 ------------------------------------ 089 755 (S) (S) 301 812 1 601 124 2 317 231 3 015 803 4 334 166 3 218 938 2 731 698 4 475 751 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 6 -------------------------------- 146 698 (S) (S) (S) 120 649 206 772 345 642 800 455 957 184 1 117 800 2 572 202 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 860 -------------------------------- 629 (S) (S) 12 721 58 526 93 824 122 395 170 740 118 766 92 608 187 536 Capital expenditures, other than land 754 -------- 154 (S) (S) 13 597 69 479 98 251 124 685 149 580 100 606 64 078 130 849 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 6 ---------------------------------- 537 542 (S) (S) 119 378 545 280 730 101 1 013 221 1 360 554 913 721 689 144 1 131 653

1987

All employees** 617 -------------------------- 333 (S) (S) (S) 60 983 79 732 89 727 120 984 82 355 71 696 90 022

Value of construction work 49 ----------------- 503 323 (S) (S) (S) 3 401 263 4 778 598 6 125 095 9 538 085 7 580 324 6 946 222 10 251 429

Value added†† 25 ---------------------------- 911 790 (S) (S) (S) 1 816 406 2 607 880 3 395 222 5 221 579 3 889 785 3 531 234 4 981 934

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** (Z) -------------------------- (S) (S) 3 2 2 2 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† (Z) ------------ (S) (S) 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 2 -------- (S) (S) 10 6 6 5 3 1 (Z) (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

10–8nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 6

TSF:TIPS92-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 UTF:TIPS93-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 META:TIPS96-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:37

Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 56 -------------------------------------------- 902 406 27 236 402 14 451 846 13 271 750 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 50 530 263 25 069 901 13 362 302 12 098 060 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 14 999 745 7 585 518 2 885 243 4 528 984 1 1 1 1

Single-family houses, detached 13 ---------------------------------------------- 073 632 6 528 214 2 604 689 3 940 730 1 1 1 1

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 1 926 113 1 057 304 280 554 588 254 2 4 4 3

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 2 ---------------------------------------------- 066 054 905 651 436 571 723 831 1 2 4 2

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 852 ------------- 875 461 511 210 757 180 607 2 2 4 5

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 672 -------------------------------------------- 948 366 129 174 755 132 064 2 2 4 6

Other residential buildings 179 --------------------------------------------------- 927 95 382 36 002 48 543 5 6 8 9

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 6 285 859 3 022 766 1 739 066 1 524 028 1 1 1 1

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 961 182 2 760 469 1 346 516 1 854 196 1 1 2 2

Industrial buildings and warehouses 9 -------------------------------------------- 339 353 4 525 977 2 926 720 1 886 656 1 1 1 1

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 8 195 284 3 861 372 2 631 122 1 702 791 1 1 1 1

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 144 069 664 605 295 598 183 866 2 2 4 2

Religious buildings------------------------------------------------------------ 786 950 376 416 199 065 211 469 2 3 3 2

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 4 289 757 2 296 286 1 510 004 483 467 1 1 1 2

Hospitals and institutional buildings 5 --------------------------------------------- 021 324 2 635 901 1 863 664 521 759 1 1 1 1

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings, indoors 320 --------------------------- 365 178 087 84 586 57 692 3 3 5 9

Other nonresidential buildings 606 -------------------------------------------------- 799 321 320 160 111 125 369 2 2 5 7

Nonbuilding construction 4 -------------------------------------------------------- 429 736 2 166 502 1 089 544 1 173 690 1 1 1 1

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 890 -------------------------------------- 529 495 473 145 541 249 515 3 4 5 5

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 627 ---------------------- 205 352 750 92 210 182 246 4 5 6 6

Water mains and related facilities 263 -------------------------------------------- 324 142 724 53 331 67 269 5 7 7 8

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 381 ----------------------------- 764 176 541 92 315 112 908 2 2 3 4

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. 1 -------------------- 249 798 498 290 361 986 389 523 1 1 1 1

Power plants ----------------------------------------------------------------- 742 647 236 486 213 964 292 197 1 1 2 1

Power plants, nuclear ------------------------------------------------------- 69 963 24 470 15 766 29 727 1 2 1 (Z)

Power plants and cogeneration plants, except nuclear 672 -------------------------- 684 212 017 198 198 262 470 1 1 2 1

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 859 ----------------------------------- 891 588 602 213 512 57 777 1 1 3 4

Sewage treatment plants 560 ---------------------------------------------------- 700 405 023 116 796 38 880 1 1 4 2

Water treatment plants 299 ------------------------------------------------------ 191 183 579 96 715 18 897 2 2 4 8

Other nonbuilding construction 305 ------------------------------------------------- 107 171 110 62 227 71 770 4 6 6 7

Construction work, n.s.k. 1 -------------------------------------------------------- 942 408 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 49 -------------------------------------------- 503 323 26 767 072 10 625 460 9 768 215 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 43 233 667 24 659 468 9 686 895 8 887 309 (Z) (Z) 1 1

Single-family houses ---------------------------------------------------------- 12 058 369 6 689 180 2 156 749 3 212 441 1 1 1 1

Single-family houses, detached 10 ---------------------------------------------- 072 026 5 331 328 1 920 540 2 820 158 1 1 1 1

Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses and townhouse-type

condominiums------------------------------------------------------------- 1 986 343 1 357 851 236 208 392 283 2 2 5 3

Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type

condominiums, and cooperatives 2 ---------------------------------------------- 900 532 1 916 529 387 692 596 311 1 1 3 2

Other residential buildings, including hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 1 ------------- 812 306 1 215 243 288 092 308 970 1 1 2 3

Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins 1 -------------------------------------------- 256 221 936 005 163 063 157 152 1 1 1 3

Other residential buildings 556 --------------------------------------------------- 085 279 238 125 028 151 818 3 3 4 4

Office buildings--------------------------------------------------------------- 6 904 019 4 266 382 1 562 020 1 075 616 1 1 1 1

Other commercial buildings such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service

stations--------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 589 589 3 100 048 1 160 695 1 328 847 1 1 1 2

Industrial buildings and warehouses 7 -------------------------------------------- 417 676 4 055 651 2 066 983 1 295 042 1 1 1 1

Industrial buildings ---------------------------------------------------------- 6 355 722 3 311 282 1 886 973 1 157 467 1 1 1 1

Warehouses --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 061 954 744 368 180 010 137 575 1 1 3 3

Religious buildings------------------------------------------------------------ 618 341 290 024 144 605 183 712 2 2 2 4

Educational buildings --------------------------------------------------------- 2 260 898 1 183 076 728 746 349 075 1 1 2 2

Hospitals and institutional buildings 2 --------------------------------------------- 903 744 1 564 234 992 161 347 348 1 1 1 1

Amusement, social, and recreational buildings, indoors 260 --------------------------- 309 143 856 52 238 64 214 2 2 3 4

Other nonresidential buildings 507 -------------------------------------------------- 884 235 245 146 914 125 733 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nonbuilding construction 3 -------------------------------------------------------- 927 080 2 107 604 938 565 880 910 1 1 1 2

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 788 -------------------------------------- 612 429 296 176 824 182 491 3 3 3 4

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 501 ---------------------- 554 272 351 99 905 129 298 3 4 5 5

Water mains and related facilities 287 -------------------------------------------- 057 156 945 76 919 53 192 3 5 2 6

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 284 ----------------------------- 720 152 491 69 823 62 405 3 3 4 9

Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. 724 -------------------- 730 294 573 192 703 237 453 2 2 1 3

Power plants ----------------------------------------------------------------- 754 733 406 991 178 205 169 535 1 (Z) 2 1

Power plants, nuclear ------------------------------------------------------- 185 839 117 594 14 916 53 329 (Z) (Z) 1 (Z)

Power plants and cogeneration plants, except nuclear 568 -------------------------- 893 289 397 163 289 116 206 1 1 2 2 Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 797 ----------------------------------- 092 540 112 213 157 43 822 3 3 5 6 Sewage treatment plants 465 ---------------------------------------------------- 831 302 067 138 906 24 856 4 5 4 6 Water treatment plants 331 ------------------------------------------------------ 261 238 044 74 251 18 966 2 2 7 11 Other nonbuilding construction 577 ------------------------------------------------- 193 284 141 107 853 185 203 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Construction work, n.s.k. 2 -------------------------------------------------------- 342 576 (NA) (NA) (NA) 2 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–9
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 7

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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 75 -------------------------------- 395 612 516 16 613 239 56 902 406 28 088 358 50 755 709 29 431 529 6 146 698 (Z) (Z) 1

Establishments not specializing by type 18 ---------------------- 079 226 098 6 724 509 22 630 516 (NA) 19 727 213 11 530 441 2 903 303 1 1 1

Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 57 --------------- 317 386 418 9 888 730 34 271 891 28 088 358 31 028 496 17 901 088 3 243 395 (Z) (Z) 1

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, DETACHED

All establishments specializing in type 32 ------------- 959 162 674 3 401 806 12 552 989 10 511 645 12 169 400 6 496 408 383 589 1 1 3

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 11 -------------------------------- 140 39 469 781 786 3 178 615 3 178 615 3 042 406 1 535 863 136 208 2 3 6

90 to 99 percent specialization 6 ---------------------------- 439 33 842 705 730 2 783 349 2 602 743 2 697 764 1 389 595 85 585 3 3 8

80 to 89 percent specialization 5 ---------------------------- 329 29 703 611 184 2 154 506 1 779 873 2 107 490 1 160 400 47 015 3 3 7

70 to 79 percent specialization 5 ---------------------------- 353 28 242 600 930 2 138 250 1 562 222 2 083 363 1 159 136 54 886 3 3 8

60 to 69 percent specialization 3 ---------------------------- 793 23 926 536 818 1 795 151 1 111 299 1 747 737 978 023 47 414 3 3 7

51 to 59 percent specialization 904 ---------------------------- 7 493 165 358 503 119 276 893 490 639 273 391 12 480 5 5 7

SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES, ATTACHED, INCLUDING

TOWNHOUSES AND TOWNHOUSE-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS

All establishments specializing in type 2 ------------- 233 11 153 241 587 868 190 739 764 846 552 459 322 21 638 5 5 10

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 998 -------------------------------- 4 331 93 484 342 267 342 267 337 257 191 136 5 010 8 11 15

90 to 99 percent specialization 328 ---------------------------- 1 806 38 708 134 207 124 879 131 205 67 031 3 002 11 11 20

80 to 89 percent specialization 301 ---------------------------- 1 412 32 843 116 463 95 314 112 962 62 507 3 501 11 10 13

70 to 79 percent specialization 269 ---------------------------- 1 240 24 018 86 869 62 875 84 359 43 990 2 511 13 13 22

60 to 69 percent specialization 292 ---------------------------- 1 945 43 058 157 855 98 050 150 759 80 835 7 096 12 8 24

51 to 59 percent specialization 44 ---------------------------- 420 9 476 30 528 16 379 30 011 13 823 518 25 30 38

APARTMENT BUILDINGS WITH TWO OR MORE

UNITS, INCLUDING RENTALS, APARTMENT-TYPE

CONDOMINIUMS, AND COOPERATIVES

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 133 8 052 209 693 714 270 554 377 643 899 366 068 70 371 5 5 8

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 234 -------------------------------- 1 438 42 131 135 824 135 824 119 189 67 164 16 635 9 8 9 90 to 99 percent specialization 122 ---------------------------- 935 22 691 79 242 74 233 71 467 40 790 7 775 18 13 36 80 to 89 percent specialization 146 ---------------------------- 1 043 24 867 91 497 74 769 81 481 50 444 *10 016 16 15 43 70 to 79 percent specialization 302 ---------------------------- 2 123 53 632 182 608 131 214 164 787 91 783 17 821 10 11 8 60 to 69 percent specialization 265 ---------------------------- 1 978 53 200 182 664 114 787 166 158 94 562 16 507 9 9 10 51 to 59 percent specialization 62 ---------------------------- 536 13 171 42 435 23 551 40 817 21 325 1 617 17 16 3

OFFICE BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 745 26 165 845 670 2 728 036 2 046 548 2 383 446 1 473 574 344 591 2 1 2

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 434 -------------------------------- 5 855 180 873 563 050 563 050 497 453 313 325 65 597 5 3 3

90 to 99 percent specialization 106 ---------------------------- 1 196 44 365 163 941 152 210 131 886 79 097 32 055 8 6 8

80 to 89 percent specialization 300 ---------------------------- 2 961 94 904 313 515 256 125 274 848 177 344 38 667 6 4 3

70 to 79 percent specialization 303 ---------------------------- 4 933 165 976 536 227 392 143 463 857 289 940 72 370 4 4 4

60 to 69 percent specialization 434 ---------------------------- 7 562 228 993 726 705 451 318 648 917 387 294 77 788 3 3 5

51 to 59 percent specialization 169 ---------------------------- 3 659 130 559 424 598 231 702 366 484 226 574 58 114 3 2 3

OTHER COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS SUCH AS

STORES, RESTAURANTS, AND AUTOMOBILE

SERVICE STATIONS

All establishments specializing in type 4 ------------- 221 33 440 901 639 3 050 120 2 493 084 2 797 919 1 668 817 252 201 2 2 4

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 1 -------------------------------- 391 10 940 323 164 1 069 907 1 069 907 983 657 568 191 86 250 4 4 7 90 to 99 percent specialization 552 ---------------------------- 3 367 81 125 278 668 259 172 259 537 154 681 19 130 8 7 8 80 to 89 percent specialization 518 ---------------------------- 4 324 103 971 366 319 301 287 339 781 199 967 26 538 8 7 10 70 to 79 percent specialization 644 ---------------------------- 5 403 143 253 516 035 372 793 459 973 275 141 56 062 6 5 9 60 to 69 percent specialization 776 ---------------------------- 6 411 167 505 562 282 348 610 517 026 330 952 45 256 5 5 10 51 to 59 percent specialization 340 ---------------------------- 2 995 82 620 256 909 141 315 237 944 139 884 18 965 7 6 3

INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 2 ------------- 330 51 153 1 664 243 5 191 193 4 215 396 4 437 875 2 764 275 753 318 1 1 1

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 886 -------------------------------- 19 829 610 302 1 892 039 1 892 039 1 637 427 1 017 222 254 612 2 2 3

90 to 99 percent specialization 320 ---------------------------- 4 213 129 926 406 737 378 909 355 929 212 777 50 808 3 3 3

80 to 89 percent specialization 252 ---------------------------- 5 191 188 332 557 125 461 109 470 181 305 118 86 944 3 3 3

70 to 79 percent specialization 323 ---------------------------- 7 637 268 120 846 203 614 357 714 382 440 793 131 821 2 2 2

60 to 69 percent specialization 401 ---------------------------- 7 959 264 563 868 119 534 881 731 597 439 535 136 523 3 2 3

51 to 59 percent specialization 148 ---------------------------- 6 324 203 001 620 969 334 102 528 360 348 831 92 609 2 2 2

WAREHOUSES

All establishments specializing in type 178 ------------- 1 675 58 702 207 453 161 412 169 875 93 459 37 578 9 8 4

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 32 -------------------------------- 430 14 227 62 660 62 660 56 853 27 040 5 807 20 19 21

90 to 99 percent specialization 9 ---------------------------- 112 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 21 (D) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 168 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 13 (D) (D)

70 to 79 percent specialization *20 ---------------------------- 164 4 866 16 790 11 918 15 959 9 265 *830 28 34 43 60 to 69 percent specialization 46 ---------------------------- 241 8 124 21 330 13 238 18 963 12 593 2 368 33 27 30 51 to 59 percent specialization (S) ---------------------------- 560 21 343 60 678 33 270 50 681 26 310 9 997 12 10 3

10–10nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 8

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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992mCon.

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 054 14 910 446 416 1 867 702 1 337 351 1 462 960 778 529 404 742 3 2 4

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 158 -------------------------------- 751 22 929 125 234 125 234 87 363 49 439 37 871 13 16 34

90 to 99 percent specialization 96 ---------------------------- 1 379 34 271 151 895 142 701 120 933 57 410 30 962 12 9 10

80 to 89 percent specialization 166 ---------------------------- 2 238 66 987 321 705 265 678 243 753 123 122 77 952 7 6 8

70 to 79 percent specialization 182 ---------------------------- 2 745 78 045 324 719 235 211 249 122 130 313 75 597 6 6 10

60 to 69 percent specialization 266 ---------------------------- 5 331 163 663 640 547 401 258 518 404 283 436 122 143 4 3 4

51 to 59 percent specialization 186 ---------------------------- 2 467 80 520 303 603 167 270 243 386 134 807 60 217 6 5 7

HOSPITALS AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS

All establishments specializing in type 684 ------------- 14 866 485 815 1 980 961 1 440 473 1 477 475 825 630 503 486 2 2 2

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 127 -------------------------------- 1 577 42 442 204 537 204 537 138 800 76 348 65 737 13 9 12 90 to 99 percent specialization 100 ---------------------------- 1 061 34 407 136 769 126 516 103 053 62 210 33 716 8 6 4 80 to 89 percent specialization 88 ---------------------------- 1 979 68 258 293 608 244 282 221 928 130 620 71 680 6 4 4 70 to 79 percent specialization 168 ---------------------------- 3 841 127 784 484 897 348 502 386 158 219 503 98 740 5 4 3 60 to 69 percent specialization 145 ---------------------------- 4 215 141 884 616 166 380 513 420 360 225 404 195 806 4 3 2 51 to 59 percent specialization 55 ---------------------------- 2 192 71 040 244 983 136 123 207 176 111 544 37 807 3 2 2

SEWERS, SEWER LINES, SEPTIC SYSTEMS, AND

RELATED FACILITIES

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 326 4 708 89 695 349 151 318 621 332 747 207 073 16 404 7 7 14

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 967 -------------------------------- 3 360 58 819 228 328 228 328 218 589 131 114 (S) 9 8 (S)

90 to 99 percent specialization 76 ---------------------------- 367 7 291 23 321 21 849 22 195 15 844 *1 126 33 35 45

80 to 89 percent specialization 94 ---------------------------- 202 3 174 19 677 16 064 19 199 11 070 *478 28 28 51

70 to 79 percent specialization 67 ---------------------------- 325 9 309 38 639 28 545 34 803 23 458 3 836 22 19 14

60 to 69 percent specialization 100 ---------------------------- 363 9 386 35 067 21 524 33 908 20 869 *1 159 20 23 47

51 to 59 percent specialization 21 ---------------------------- *91 *1 716 *4 120 *2 311 *4 053 *4 719 (S) 54 47 (S)

PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN SEWER

OR WATER LINES

All establishments specializing in type 104 ------------- 2 511 81 542 227 822 191 747 202 088 143 243 25 733 5 3 4

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 67 -------------------------------- 1 155 38 728 109 569 109 569 97 568 68 631 12 002 7 5 8

90 to 99 percent specialization 3 ---------------------------- 115 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (Z) (D) (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 10 ---------------------------- 506 13 738 28 402 23 421 24 692 20 229 3 710 (Z) (Z) (Z)

70 to 79 percent specialization 5 ---------------------------- 179 (D) (D) (D) 15 099 (D) (D) 12 (D) (D)

60 to 69 percent specialization *16 ---------------------------- 282 8 558 29 044 18 061 25 616 13 495 3 428 30 18 2

51 to 59 percent specialization 4 ---------------------------- 274 9 368 32 404 18 086 (D) 20 812 (D) (Z) (Z) (D)

BLAST FURNACES, PETROLEUM REFINERIES,

CHEMICAL COMPLEXES, ETC.

All establishments specializing in type 152 ------------- 11 042 424 970 1 056 640 914 049 908 526 682 682 148 115 1 1 3

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 85 -------------------------------- 2 649 108 282 270 848 270 848 237 625 181 314 33 223 4 4 11

90 to 99 percent specialization 19 ---------------------------- 3 663 138 927 309 844 294 229 263 519 196 873 46 325 1 (Z) (Z)

80 to 89 percent specialization 14 ---------------------------- 905 33 176 83 284 70 422 73 930 58 262 9 354 (Z) (Z) (Z)

70 to 79 percent specialization 21 ---------------------------- 3 236 121 450 328 887 241 993 279 399 204 499 49 488 (Z) (Z) (Z)

60 to 69 percent specialization 10 ---------------------------- 407 (D) 35 479 21 391 30 138 22 085 5 341 5 5 2

51 to 59 percent specialization 4 ---------------------------- 181 (D) 28 299 15 167 23 915 19 649 4 384 8 13 24

POWER PLANTS AND COGENERATION PLANTS,

EXCEPT NUCLEAR

All establishments specializing in type 75 ------------- 4 235 165 618 425 250 332 697 371 100 289 923 54 150 2 1 1

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 45 -------------------------------- 841 29 222 83 673 83 673 75 668 49 360 8 005 7 6 5

90 to 99 percent specialization 6 ---------------------------- 646 23 651 65 235 62 801 (D) 42 573 (D) 2 2 (D)

80 to 89 percent specialization 5 ---------------------------- 600 26 646 67 389 53 911 64 134 56 391 3 255 (Z) (Z) (Z)

70 to 79 percent specialization 7 ---------------------------- 1 326 53 122 115 121 81 281 102 190 85 209 12 931 2 1 (Z)

60 to 69 percent specialization 3 ---------------------------- 204 8 986 25 731 15 439 (D) 12 981 (D) (Z) (Z) (D)

51 to 59 percent specialization 9 ---------------------------- 619 23 990 68 102 35 593 55 175 43 409 12 927 3 4 5

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–11
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 9

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Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 75 ----------- 395 455 117 433 552 455 916 476 968 454 034 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Alabama 1 ------------------------ 140 8 328 7 806 8 298 8 782 8 426 3 2 2 3 4 2 Alaska 175 -------------------------- 783 693 745 885 807 6 6 8 7 6 7 Arizona 1 ------------------------- 085 7 210 6 792 7 079 7 636 7 332 3 3 3 3 3 3 Arkansas 695 ----------------------- 4 109 3 802 4 358 4 287 3 989 3 4 4 4 4 4 California 6 ----------------------- 998 40 972 40 715 41 766 42 395 39 012 1 1 1 1 1 1

Colorado 1 ------------------------ 232 7 457 6 797 7 487 7 851 7 695 3 3 2 3 3 3 Connecticut 1 --------------------- 236 5 448 5 092 5 241 5 758 5 704 2 3 2 3 3 4 Delaware 233 ----------------------- 1 854 1 699 1 788 1 965 1 964 8 6 4 6 7 7 District of Columbia 39 -------------- 957 938 967 1 013 910 10 4 4 5 3 2 Florida 4 -------------------------- 584 26 905 25 543 27 002 28 030 27 046 1 1 1 1 1 1

Georgia 2 ------------------------- 029 13 017 12 648 12 922 13 628 12 872 2 2 2 2 2 2 Hawaii 251 -------------------------- 1 877 1 872 1 893 1 842 1 902 4 3 3 3 4 4 Idaho 396 --------------------------- 2 360 2 206 2 239 2 535 2 458 3 5 5 5 5 6 Illinois 3 -------------------------- 534 22 344 20 874 22 327 23 869 22 305 2 1 1 2 2 2 Indiana 1 ------------------------- 634 13 060 12 346 12 944 13 841 13 108 3 2 2 2 2 2

Iowa 925 ---------------------------- 5 147 4 812 5 349 5 342 5 085 3 2 2 2 2 2 Kansas 885 ------------------------- 4 621 4 411 4 666 4 805 4 600 4 3 3 3 3 3 Kentucky 1 ------------------------ 092 7 244 6 938 7 291 7 624 7 124 3 2 3 2 2 3 Louisiana 1 ----------------------- 006 6 006 5 860 6 089 6 164 5 909 3 2 2 2 2 2 Maine 495 -------------------------- 1 607 1 382 1 581 1 876 1 589 4 5 5 5 4 6

Maryland 1 ------------------------ 752 13 654 13 292 13 681 14 247 13 395 2 2 2 2 2 2 Massachusetts 1 ------------------ 915 8 747 8 391 8 724 8 836 9 036 2 2 2 3 2 2 Michigan 2 ------------------------ 641 14 150 13 027 14 015 15 711 13 847 2 2 2 2 2 2 Minnesota 1 ----------------------- 305 8 619 7 869 8 346 9 238 9 024 3 2 2 2 2 2 Mississippi 590 ---------------------- 3 411 3 282 3 450 3 587 3 327 3 3 3 3 3 3

Missouri 1 ------------------------ 698 9 488 8 816 9 287 9 679 10 171 2 2 2 2 2 2 Montana 277 ------------------------ 973 910 993 1 052 936 5 5 5 6 6 7 Nebraska 621 ----------------------- 3 542 3 427 3 636 3 618 3 487 4 3 3 3 3 3 Nevada 370 ------------------------- 3 070 2 736 2 930 3 202 3 413 4 2 3 2 2 3 New Hampshire 430 ----------------- 1 735 1 567 1 796 1 828 1 750 4 4 4 4 4 5

New Jersey 3 --------------------- 031 13 087 12 344 13 239 13 520 13 248 1 1 1 2 2 2 New Mexico 498 --------------------- 2 538 2 330 2 567 2 704 2 550 5 5 5 6 6 6 New York 5 ----------------------- 026 26 743 25 981 26 561 28 103 26 326 1 1 1 1 1 1 North Carolina 2 ------------------- 541 19 708 18 292 19 836 20 766 19 937 2 1 1 1 2 1 North Dakota 221 -------------------- 1 087 960 1 083 1 203 1 104 5 6 6 6 6 6

Ohio 3 ---------------------------- 138 20 635 19 534 20 405 21 471 21 132 2 1 1 2 1 2

Oklahoma 957 ----------------------- 3 853 3 685 3 988 4 103 3 636 3 4 4 4 4 4

Oregon 802 ------------------------- 5 266 5 531 5 171 5 440 4 925 3 3 2 3 3 3

Pennsylvania 3 -------------------- 459 23 889 22 337 23 463 25 424 24 331 1 1 1 1 1 1

Rhode Island 328 -------------------- 1 151 1 024 1 115 1 270 1 193 4 4 5 5 4 5

South Carolina 1 ------------------ 145 7 475 7 168 7 754 7 636 7 342 2 2 2 4 2 2

South Dakota 244 ------------------- 1 026 895 1 046 1 097 1 063 7 7 7 7 8 8

Tennessee 1 ---------------------- 318 10 521 10 047 10 477 10 857 10 702 3 2 2 2 2 2

Texas 4 -------------------------- 629 26 938 25 948 27 641 28 351 25 813 1 1 1 1 1 1

Utah 575 ---------------------------- 3 485 3 242 3 478 3 764 3 458 3 3 3 3 4 3

Vermont 261 ------------------------ 769 720 816 791 747 4 8 8 8 8 9

Virginia 2 ------------------------- 168 13 953 13 426 14 116 14 299 13 972 2 2 2 2 2 2

Washington 1 --------------------- 469 10 481 10 619 10 474 10 673 10 157 3 2 2 2 2 3

West Virginia 399 -------------------- 2 036 1 861 1 943 2 212 2 125 3 5 5 5 5 5

Wisconsin 1 ----------------------- 734 11 119 10 454 11 224 11 460 11 339 2 2 2 2 2 2

Wyoming 192 ------------------------ 662 610 627 699 711 6 7 8 7 7 9

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

10–12nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 10

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Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 56 ----------------------------------------------- 902 406 75 207 52 854 621 8 689 4 047 785 49 503 324 14.9 (Z) (Z) 1

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 785 735 1 139 718 023 188 67 712 631 372 24.4 2 2 4

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 178 613 175 155 023 28 23 589 126 119 41.6 5 6 4

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 789 710 1 075 770 414 44 19 296 779 058 1.4 2 2 9

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 381 622 692 347 473 81 34 149 258 711 47.5 4 4 7

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 5 964 074 6 997 5 856 610 191 107 464 6 050 058 –1.4 1 1 4

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 912 817 1 231 880 649 71 32 168 642 080 42.2 2 3 3

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 885 033 1 235 762 886 169 122 147 943 951 –6.2 2 2 1

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 249 510 233 177 394 160 72 116 209 466 19.1 4 5 3

District of Columbia 292 --------------------------------------------------- 826 (S) 84 806 355 208 020 322 183 –9.1 2 3 2

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 2 943 006 4 583 2 859 356 152 83 650 2 843 892 3.5 1 1 3

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 487 802 2 010 1 326 714 302 161 088 1 505 509 –1.2 2 2 3

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 369 858 251 331 053 35 38 805 227 385 62.7 3 3 1

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 284 843 396 242 793 86 42 050 141 715 101.0 4 5 1

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 175 878 3 534 2 965 754 282 210 124 2 707 387 17.3 1 2 1

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 513 342 1 632 1 400 829 261 112 513 1 120 209 35.1 1 2 3

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 613 937 910 571 620 135 42 317 368 550 66.6 2 2 3

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 585 258 885 483 090 190 102 168 509 764 14.8 3 3 3

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 789 406 1 092 661 396 261 128 010 572 253 37.9 2 2 4

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 666 347 1 006 634 228 64 32 119 473 611 40.7 2 2 1

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 220 567 495 185 994 86 34 573 224 326 –1.7 4 5 5

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 439 477 1 732 1 337 356 274 102 121 1 386 179 3.8 1 1 3

Massachusetts 1 ------------------------------------------------------- 239 265 1 904 1 172 360 203 66 904 1 577 616 –21.4 2 2 6

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 1 992 593 2 641 1 928 942 154 63 651 1 764 928 12.9 1 1 3

Minnesota 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 168 742 1 303 1 128 094 138 40 648 1 024 134 14.1 2 2 5

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 376 327 590 309 188 177 67 139 242 424 55.2 4 4 17

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 100 086 1 698 1 010 280 225 89 806 1 041 497 5.6 2 2 3

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 137 316 277 123 211 48 14 104 89 944 52.7 5 6 18

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 356 028 616 341 507 63 14 521 237 583 49.9 3 3 6

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 440 427 366 396 482 112 43 945 280 798 56.8 2 2 5

New Hampshire 213 ------------------------------------------------------ 142 429 166 900 150 46 242 329 579 –35.3 4 5 3

New Jersey 1 ---------------------------------------------------------- 985 598 3 012 1 838 948 395 146 650 2 268 884 –12.5 1 1 3

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 262 309 482 231 948 64 30 361 225 078 16.5 4 4 8

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 3 980 283 5 020 3 845 247 339 135 036 3 891 647 2.3 1 1 5 North Carolina 1 ------------------------------------------------------- 849 284 2 541 1 720 153 284 129 131 1 318 179 40.3 2 2 3 North Dakota 150 -------------------------------------------------------- 001 221 (D) 35 (D) 91 419 64.1 3 (D) (D)

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2 557 912 3 137 2 424 712 289 133 200 1 856 554 37.8 1 1 3 Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 437 115 956 413 434 81 23 681 353 946 23.5 3 3 22 Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 664 993 793 610 114 95 54 879 336 541 97.6 2 2 2 Pennsylvania 2 --------------------------------------------------------- 925 767 3 455 2 781 317 450 144 450 2 244 509 30.4 1 1 3 Rhode Island 172 --------------------------------------------------------- 896 328 152 244 90 20 652 152 133 13.6 5 5 6

South Carolina 761 ------------------------------------------------------- 076 1 140 635 023 246 126 053 671 086 13.4 2 2 1 South Dakota 104 -------------------------------------------------------- 464 244 94 024 83 10 441 76 225 37.0 7 8 13 Tennessee 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 051 857 1 318 970 862 202 80 995 868 468 21.1 2 2 4 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 3 153 087 4 605 3 048 528 163 104 559 2 559 131 23.2 1 1 6 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 376 392 575 355 933 24 20 458 276 064 36.3 4 4 2

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 104 974 261 86 291 53 18 683 131 223 –20.0 7 8 5 Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 497 297 2 163 1 257 361 467 239 936 1 607 260 –6.8 1 2 3 Washington 1 ---------------------------------------------------------- 487 746 1 468 1 322 626 183 165 120 767 183 93.9 2 2 2 West Virginia 284 --------------------------------------------------------- 717 399 174 704 203 110 013 191 178 48.9 3 5 1 Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 1 440 074 1 734 1 367 860 174 72 214 920 086 56.5 1 1 8 Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 100 980 192 (D) 81 (D) 64 221 57.2 7 (D) (D)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–13
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Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 57 ------------------------------------- 667 981 50 219 653 (Z) (Z)

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONmGENERAL CONTRACTORS

AND OPERATIVE BUILDERS

General building contractor 52 ----------------------------------------- 098 142 723 9 6

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS

Building sprinkler system installation contractor 2 ----------------------- 843 249 1 958 583 1 1

Electric power installation and service contractor, including lighting 437 ----- 805 (NA) 3 (NA)

Energy management contractor 215 ------------------------------------- 913 100 930 7 7

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning contractor 20 -------------------- 854 668 18 460 062 1 1

Lawn sprinkler system installation contractor 358 ------------------------- 972 317 426 6 5

Mechanical contractor 11 --------------------------------------------- 406 263 9 045 153 1 1

Plumbing contractor ----------------------------------------------- 14 271 492 13 405 954 1 1

Refrigeration contractor 1 -------------------------------------------- 577 949 1 182 185 2 3

Septic system installation contractor 489 -------------------------------- 709 445 401 5 5

Sheet metal contractor 1 -------------------------------------------- 423 839 987 800 1 1

Steam fitting and piping contractor 1 ---------------------------------- 878 263 2 007 749 1 1

Other construction activities 812 ---------------------------------------- 522 1 031 743 3 4

OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Retail trade------------------------------------------------------- 370 194 297 014 3 3

Wholesale trade -------------------------------------------------- 94 464 63 527 4 4

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 266 692 346 519 4 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. 313 ------------------------------------- 890 426 884 4 5

10–14nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
TIPS UPF [MCD_CMCB,TD_KLING] 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:48 EPCV21 TLP:TD_K_INDTAB.TLP;105 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:49 DATA:TD_K_T1.DAT;53 8/ 11/ 95 09:43:15 UPF:CON_CENPROD:[CEN.DATA]TD_K_T PAGE: 12

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Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8.1 8.9 (Z) Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.0 6.8 (Z)

Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.1 2.1 (Z)

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 220.3 206.0 (Z)

Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 156.3 148.2 (Z)

Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 64.1 57.8 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 764.9 721.9 (Z) Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 754.7 711.6 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 293.0 277.8 (Z)

Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 81.5 71.7 1 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 11.4 9.6 1 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 10.0 10.4 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 86.7 71.9 1

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 27.1 23.2 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 94.1 81.3 (Z)

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 48.1 42.0 (Z)

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 25.9 21.9 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 125.0 105.1 (Z)

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 30.7 27.4 (Z)

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .292 .289 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .388 .390 (Z)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .108 .101 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .518 .444 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .015 .013 1

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES PLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONINGnn10–15
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TSF:TIPS92-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 UTF:TIPS93-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:10 META:TIPS96-09440693.DAT;1 8/ 11/ 95 09:44:37

Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 8.1 -------------------------------- 27.1 125.0 .292 .388 .108 .518 .015

Alabama 9.4 ---------------------------------------------- 22.3 96.1 .297 .410 .071 .499 .013

Alaska 6.3 ----------------------------------------------- 34.5 208.9 .235 .392 .201 .688 .013

Arizona 8.7 ----------------------------------------------- 22.6 109.5 .270 .451 .059 .692 .019

Arkansas 7.5 --------------------------------------------- 20.6 93.6 .279 .424 .091 .537 .018

California 7.9 --------------------------------------------- 32.2 145.4 .300 .369 .077 .636 .020

Colorado 8.1 --------------------------------------------- 26.0 122.1 .284 .417 .112 .666 .017

Connecticut 6.2 ------------------------------------------- 31.2 146.0 .300 .368 .126 .456 .014

Delaware 10.6 --------------------------------------------- 25.4 106.0 .319 .348 .132 .477 .022

District of Columbia 32.2 ------------------------------------ 32.7 111.2 .384 .331 .098 .514 .018

Florida 8.1 ----------------------------------------------- 21.6 108.2 .273 .432 .090 .535 .015

Georgia 8.5 ---------------------------------------------- 22.7 110.3 .273 .412 .122 .489 .013

Hawaii 10.8 ------------------------------------------------ 37.5 176.4 .308 .386 .098 .693 .024

Idaho 7.9 ------------------------------------------------ 22.7 113.3 .266 .455 .064 .676 .009

Illinois 8.7 ------------------------------------------------ 32.1 139.0 .319 .363 .093 .472 .013

Indiana 10.8 ----------------------------------------------- 28.9 118.9 .327 .361 .114 .487 .020

Iowa 7.5 ------------------------------------------------- 24.9 118.3 .284 .397 .112 .439 .012

Kansas 7.3 ----------------------------------------------- 24.7 128.9 .268 .420 .088 .428 .013

Kentucky 8.6 --------------------------------------------- 21.2 99.4 .275 .436 .108 .530 .014

Louisiana 8.0 --------------------------------------------- 22.8 111.8 .274 .427 .118 .483 .016

Maine 4.7 ------------------------------------------------ 22.5 119.4 .272 .377 .102 .359 .019

Maryland 10.5 --------------------------------------------- 27.8 129.8 .289 .360 .161 .571 .014

Massachusetts 6.3 ---------------------------------------- 31.2 149.3 .287 .354 .151 .474 .015

Michigan 7.4 ---------------------------------------------- 29.1 138.9 .288 .377 .127 .489 .013

Minnesota 9.0 -------------------------------------------- 32.2 145.0 .302 .360 .130 .513 .011

Mississippi 7.5 -------------------------------------------- 21.4 109.0 .255 .459 .109 .517 .014

Missouri 7.4 ---------------------------------------------- 28.4 126.4 .298 .369 .139 .534 .012

Montana 4.8 ---------------------------------------------- 25.4 129.8 .270 .419 .105 .679 .013

Nebraska 7.8 --------------------------------------------- 23.7 112.2 .288 .431 .090 .502 .012

Nevada 10.8 ----------------------------------------------- 29.8 132.7 .292 .417 .057 .785 .017

New Hampshire 5.7 --------------------------------------- 26.9 126.7 .298 .387 .127 .457 .017

New Jersey 6.0 ------------------------------------------- 32.9 150.1 .304 .351 .126 .423 .015

New Mexico 6.7 ------------------------------------------ 19.7 96.1 .267 .389 .108 .678 .016

New York 7.4 --------------------------------------------- 30.7 151.0 .283 .349 .149 .413 .013

North Carolina 10.0 ---------------------------------------- 22.8 100.6 .292 .434 .081 .430 .013

North Dakota 6.2 ----------------------------------------- 25.2 118.1 .270 .433 .131 .373 .010

Ohio 8.9 ------------------------------------------------- 26.6 123.4 .291 .382 .125 .420 .014

Oklahoma 5.5 -------------------------------------------- 20.7 112.2 .251 .455 .092 .606 .015

Oregon 8.8 ----------------------------------------------- 29.6 132.5 .299 .405 .115 .607 .015 Pennsylvania 9.1 ------------------------------------------ 29.8 127.9 .306 .360 .127 .443 .014 Rhode Island 4.9 ------------------------------------------ 28.9 145.7 .276 .377 .107 .394 .011

South Carolina 8.6 ---------------------------------------- 20.8 91.9 .297 .435 .087 .486 .018 South Dakota 5.7 ----------------------------------------- 20.3 104.5 .263 .445 .072 .537 .014 Tennessee 10.3 -------------------------------------------- 22.2 103.6 .277 .433 .085 .581 .014 Texas 7.8 ------------------------------------------------ 24.3 118.7 .275 .417 .098 .542 .017 Utah 7.8 ------------------------------------------------- 25.0 122.9 .262 .414 .138 .660 .014

Vermont 4.1 ---------------------------------------------- 22.2 117.0 .262 .395 .093 .529 .018 Virginia 8.5 ----------------------------------------------- 23.2 98.5 .312 .426 .076 .606 .014 Washington 9.7 ------------------------------------------- 31.2 138.7 .306 .374 .112 .595 .020 West Virginia 6.6 ------------------------------------------ 19.3 96.7 .260 .414 .071 .417 .011 Wisconsin 8.6 -------------------------------------------- 29.4 128.4 .307 .377 .071 .477 .012 Wyoming 4.6 --------------------------------------------- 22.8 121.9 .248 .430 .099 .365 .015

10–16nnPLUMBING, HEATING, AND AIR-CONDITIONING CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

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Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

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repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

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• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

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• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

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Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

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Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

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1992 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

The Census of Construction Industries is taken once

every 5 years. The census covers all establishments

engaged in construction, including:

• Building contractors

• Heavy construction contractors

• Special trade contractors (including plumbers, carpenters, painters, electricians)

Data products in the census of construction industries are

issued in four publication series and in three media:

Printed reports [P]

CD-ROM [C]

Highlights online [+ ]

Preliminary Industry Series

(CC92-I-1(P) to -27(P))

(Available July 1994 through January 1995) [P] [C]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1992 include:

• Number of establishments

• Number of employees

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done, by type of structure

• Selected operating costs

Final Industry Series

(CC92-I-1 to -27)

(Available April 1995 through August 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports

update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide

measures of the following:

• Capital expenditures

• Inventories

• Industry profiles

• Assets

• Depreciation

• And much more

Geographic Area Series

(CC92-A-1 to -10)

(Available August 1995 through December 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a U.S. summary

report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States

and metropolitan areas.

Subject Report—Legal Form of Organization

and Type of Operation (CC92-S-1)

(Available August 1995) [P] [C]

One report providing selected national statistics for

each industry by legal form of organization and type of

operation. This report includes data for establishments

with and without payroll. Data in this report include—

• Employment

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done

• Selected operating costs

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

The census of construction industries is part of the 1992

Economic Census. The economic census is conducted at

5-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consists of

eight separate censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

...plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses;

and the census of outlying areas, including separate

economic census of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas.

The census of agriculture and census of governments are

conducted separately.

HOW TO ORDER DATA PRODUCTS

Order forms for the specific reports and other data

products may be obtained from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. If you have any questions, call

Census Customer Services 1-301-457-4100.

Publication Program