HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM (HRS) DOCUMENTATION RECORD

-- REVIEW COVER SHEET

Name of Si t e: Garden City Ground Water Plume

U.S.E PA ID N o. : I NN 000508642

Date Prepared: May 2013

Con ta ct P er so ns

Site I nv estig ati on: Richard R. Milton

, Indian a Department o f Env ironmental Management ( IDE M)

, Site Investigation Program , (317 ) 23 4- 6878

Mar k Jaworski

, Ind ia na Department o f Environmental Management ( IDE M)

, Site Investigation Program , (317 ) 23 3- 2407

Documentation R ec or d: Nur ia Mun iz, Uni ted S tat e s Environmental Pr otection Agency (U.S. EPA)

, Region V, (312 ) 886

- 4439

Richard R. Milton, Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), Site Investigation Program , (317) 234

- 6878

Mark Jaworski

, Ind ia na Department o f Environmental Management ( ID EM),

Site Invest igation Program

, (317 ) 23 3- 2407

Pathw ay s, Component s, or T hre at s Not Sc ored

Surf ace W ater Migr ati on P at hwa y, Soil Exposure Pathway, and Air Migration Pathway

The Surf ace W ater Migr ati on P at hwa y, Soil Exposure Pathway, and Air Migration Pathway were not sc or ed as part of

this Haza rd Ranking S ys tem (HR S) evalu ati o n. Th ese p at hwa ys w ere not includ ed b eca us e a r elea se to these med ia do not signif ica n tl y affe ct the over all si te sc or e a nd b eca us e the g rou nd wa ter p at hway prod u ces an over all s ite sc or e a bo ve the minimum requir ed for the s ite to qu ali fy for incl us ion on the N ati on al Pri or ities List (NPL).1 HRS DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Si te: Garden City Ground Water Plume

U.S.E P A Identification No.: I NN 000508642

U.S.E PA Region: 5

Date Prepared: May 2013

St r eet Address of S ite*: The intersection of Jonesville Road (State Road 11) and County Road 100 S outh (aka Garden Street), Garden City. ( Figure 1 -2 of this HRS documentation record)

City, Co un ty /State/ Zip C od e: Garden City

, Bartholomew Co un ty, I ndiana 47201

Ge ner al Location in the St a te: South Centr al Ind ia na (Figure 1-1 of this HRS do cumen ta tion rec ord)

Topographic M ap: Columbus , I ndiana Qu ad (7 .5’) (Ref. 3

, p. 1)

Latitud e: 39°11'9.87" N

Longitude: 85°55'49.7" W

Site Reference Poin t: *Th e intersection of Jonesville Road (State Road 11) and County Road 100 S outh

. (aka Garden Street), Garden City. The intersection is the a pproximate center of the highest known TCE concentrations in the ground water plume

.

C on gre ss ion al D is tr ict: 6

* No te: The street address, coordinates, and sample locations presented in this HRS documentation record identify the general area the site is located

. They represent one or more locations EPA considers to be part of the site based on the screening informatio n EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listing. EPA lists national priorities among the known “releases or threatened releases" of hazardous substances; thus, the focus is on the release, not precisely delin e ated

boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous substance has been “deposited, stored, disposed, or placed, or has

ot h erwise come to be located." Generally, HRS scoring and the subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination that a certain area may need to be addre ssed under the Comprehensive Environmental R e sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Accordingly, EPA contemplates that the preliminary description of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more information is developed as to where the

co n tamination has come to be located

.

SITE SCORING S UMMA RY

P at hway Sc ores:

A ir P at hway Not Sc or ed

G ro un d W ater P at hway 100 .00 Soil Exposure Pathway Not Sc or ed

Surf ace W ater P at hway Not Sc or ed

HRS SITE SCORE 50.002 WORKSHEET FOR COM PU TING H RS SITE SCO RE

1. G ro un d W ater Migration Pathway Sc or e (S gw ) S S 2

( HRS Scoresheet Tab le 3-1, line 13 ) 100 10,000

2 a. Surf ace W ater Overland/Flood Migration Component NS

2b . G ro un d W ater to S urf ace Wat er Migration Component NS

2 c. Surfa ce W ater Migration P at hway Sc or e (S

sw ) NS

En ter the la rg er of lines 2a and 2 b as the p at hway scor e.

3. So il Exposure P at hway Sc or e (S

s ) NS

4. A ir Migration Pathway Sc or e (S

a ) NS

5. Total of Sgw2+ Ssw2 + Ss2 + Sa2 10,000

6. H RS Site Sco re Di vide the value on line 5 by 4 and ta ke the square

roo t

NS = Not Scored 50.003 TABLE 3 -1

GROUND WATER MIGRATION COMPONENT SCORESHEET

Factor categories and factors Maximum

Value Value
Assigned
Likelihood of Release to an Aquifer:

1. Observed Release 550 550

2. Potential to Release:

2a. Containment 10 NS

2b. Net Precipitation 10 NS

2c. Depth to Aquifer 5 NS

2d. Travel Time 35 NS

2e. Potential to Release [lines 2a(2b + 2c + 2d)] 500 NS
3. Likelihood of Release (higher of lines 1 an d 2e) 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

4. Toxicity/Mobility (a) 1000
5. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 100

6. Waste Characteristics 100 18
Targets:

7. Nearest Well 50 50

8. Population:

8a. Level I Concentrations (b) 1395

8b. Level II Concentra tions (b) 3

8c. Potential Contamination (b) NS

8d. Population (lines 8a + 8b + 8c) (b) 1398

9. Resources 5 5

10. Wellhead Protection Area 20 20
11. Targets (lines 7 + 8d + 9 + 10) (b) 14 7 3
Ground Water Migration Score for an Aquifer:

12. Aquife r Score [(lines 3 x 6 x 11)/82,5000] c

550 x 18 x 1473 = 14,582,700 / 82,500 = 176.7 6 or Max. Value 100 .00 100 100 .00

Maximum

Value Value
Assigned
Ground Water Migration Pathway Score:

13. Pathway Score (S gw ), (highest value from line 12 for all a quifers evaluated) c 100 100 .00

a Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category

b Maximum value not applicable

c Do not round to nearest integer
NS

- Not Scored¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ 

# F G

!



# §  ̈ ¦

69 

# §  ̈ ¦ 275 GardenCityMl ler 

# §  ̈ ¦

65 

# §  ̈ ¦

69



# §  ̈ ¦

64 

# §  ̈ ¦ TOLL



# §  ̈ ¦

74 

# §  ̈ ¦

70 

# §  ̈ ¦ 465 

# §  ̈ ¦ 469 

# §  ̈ ¦

94



# §  ̈ ¦ 164



# §  ̈ ¦

80



# §  ̈ ¦ 265 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Area Location Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data

- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 " ) Bartholomew County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 « 11 « 58 « 9 « 46 Columbus 

# F G

! Garden City Ground Water Plume 

### Figure 1-1

This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 20 40 10 Miles

0 20 40 60 10 KM

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012

# F G

!

Elliott St Garden City Ground Water Plume Intersection Jonesville Road (SR 11) and Garden St (CR 100 N)

Latitude 39 o 11'9.87" N Longitude 85 o 55'49.7" W

Miller Salvage 

# ¬ «

11 

# ¬ « 46

Garden St

Spears St Water St

Kenmill St Garden Rd

South Side William St Haw Creek East Fork White River

Twin

Lakes LIRC 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Expanded Area Location Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data

- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 Bartholomew

County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 ¬ « 11 ¬ « 58 ¬ « 9 ¬ « 46 Columbus F G ! Garden City Ground Water Plume

Miller Salvage 

### Figure 1-2

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012 - IDEM Site Reassessment Report for Miller Salvage Site, IND980607618, January, 2012 This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 400 800 1,200 200 Feet

0 100 200 300 400

50 Meters

# F G

!

! %

! % Elliott St Garden City Ground Water Plume Intersection Jonesville Road (SR 11) and Garden St (CR 100 N)

Latitude 39 o 11'9.87" N Longitude 85 o 55'49.7" W

Miller Salvage 

# ¬ « 11 

# ¬ « 46

G arden St

Spea r s St Water St

Ke n mi ll St Garden Rd

South Side Willia m St Haw Creek East Fo

rk Wh

ite Ri

ver

Twin

Lakes LIRC

Salvage Yard

East Fork - White River Affected Private

Residences

Additional Concrete Storage

Private Residences Mobile Home Park Concrete Products Manufacturing and Storage Drive-in Restaurant

Car Lot

Columbus

Water Treatment Plant Assorted Businesses

Columbus Municipal Well 9 Columbus Municipal Well 12 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Area Features Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data
- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library - Municipal Well locations obtained from IDEM OLQ Sampling Database (SampDB) Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 Bartholomew

County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 ¬ « 11 ¬ « 58 ¬ « 9 ¬ « 46 Columbus ! % Municipal Well
F G ! Garden City Ground Water Plume

Miller Salvage 

### Figure 1-3 

# {

This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 400 800 1,200 200 Feet

0 100 200 300 400

50 Meters

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012 - IDEM Site Reassessment Report for Miller Salvage Site, IND980607618, January, 2012

# F G

!

j k !

j k ! j k ! j k ! j

k !

j k ! j k !

j k !

j

k ! j k ! j k !

j k !

j k !

El lio t t St Garden City Ground Water Plume Intersection Jonesville Road (SR 11) and Garden St (CR 100 N)

Latitude 39 o 11'9.87" N Longitude 85 o 55'49.7" W

Miller Salvage 

# ¬ « 11 

# ¬ « 46

G arden St

Spears St Water St

Kenmill St Gard en Rd

Willi am St Ha w Cre

ek East

Fo

r k White Rive

r

Twin

Lakes LIRC

GW12 - E2S79 TCE = 15 ug/L

GW13 - E2S45 TCE = 15 ug/L

GW19 - E2S47 TCE = 4.2 ug/L GW05 - E2S80 TCE = 2.2 ug/L

GW06 - E2S81 TCE = 2.2 ug/L

GW30 - E2S11 Columbus Municipal Well 12 TCE = 0.66 ug/L

GW31 - E2S51 Columbus Municipal Well 9 TCE = 0.35 ug/L (J) GW16 - E2S4 TCE = 0.71 ug/L GW04 - E2S82 TCE = 1.3 ug/L

GW15 - E2S48 TCE = 2.9 ug/L

GW18 - E2S49 TCE = 2.5 ug/L Ground Water Plume Area

3.450 acres 150,279.034 ft 2

13,961.435 m 2 Flatroc k R iv er

East For k Whit e Riv er GW01 - E2SB2 Shallow Ground Water Background Below TCE Detectable Limit (0.5 ug/L U)

GW02 - E2SB0 Shallow Ground Water Background Below TCE Detectable Limit (0.5 ug/L U)

GW20 - E2S42 Intermediate Ground Water Background Below TCE Detectable Limit (0.5 ug/L U) 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Garden City Ground Water Plume Boundary Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data

- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library - Sample Locations and Analytical Results are obtained from IDEM OLQ Sampling Database (SampDB) Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 Bartholomew

County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 ¬ « 11 ¬ « 58 ¬ « 9 ¬ « 46 Columbus 

### Figure 1-4

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012 - IDEM Site Reassessment Report for Miller Salvage Site, IND980607618, January, 2012 F G ! Garden City Ground Water Plume Miller Salvage

Digitized by connecting sample locations that

meet observed release criteria Approximate Ground Water Plume Boundary

TCE: Trichloroethylene ug/L: microgram/Liter Ground Water Sample Location j k ! Ground Water Background Sample Location j k ! U: Analyzed sample result Not Detected above the reported sample quantitation limit This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 200 400 600 800

100 Feet

0 100 200 300 50 Meters

# F G

!

Elliott St Various Non-Hazardous Waste Producing Businesses (e.g., Restaurant, Plant Nursery, Trucking Warehouse, Car Lot, etc.) 

# {

Garden City Ground Water Plume Intersection Jonesville Road (SR 11) and Garden St (CR 100 N)

Latitude 39 o 11'9.87" N Longitude 85 o 55'49.7" W

Miller Salvage

CERCLIS ID

IND980607618 

# ¬ « 11 

# ¬ « 46

G arden St

S pea r s St Water St

Ke nm il l St Garden Rd

South Side Willia m St Haw Creek East Fo

r k White Ri

ver

Twin

Lakes LIRC

Miller Salvage (Burn Pit Area) Additional Devening

Block Property Joe Boaz

Site Number 2

CERCLIS ID

IND981094121 Devening Block Company Kiel Bros. Site

CERCLIS ID

IND985046903 Columbus Old Municipal

Landfill 1

CERCLIS ID

IND980607626 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Potential Sources Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data

- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 Bartholomew

County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 ¬ « 11 ¬ « 58 ¬ « 9 ¬ « 46 Columbus F G ! Garden City Ground Water Plume

Miller Salvage 

### Figure 1-5

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012 - US E PA Record of Decision for Columbus Old Municipal Landfill 1, IND980607626, March, 1992 - IDEM Site Reassessment Report for Miller Salvage Site, IND980607618, January, 2012 - IDEM Preliminary Assessment for Joe Boaz, September, 1985 - IDEM Preliminary Assessment for Kiel Bros. Oil Co., September, 1992 This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 400 800 1,200 200 Feet

0 100 200 300 400

50 Meters

# F G

!

! %

! % Elliott St

Linc oln St ! % Garden City Ground Water Plume Intersection Jonesville Road (SR 11) and Garden St (CR 100 N)

Latitude 39 o 11'9.87" N Longitude 85 o 55'49.7" W

Miller Salvage

Columbus Municipal Well 9 Columbus Municipal Well 12 

# §  ̈ ¦

65 

# ¬ « 46



# ¬ «

11

BELLSVILLE RD CARR HI LL RD

SP EAR ST

W 230 S SOUTH SIDE

S 130 W

S 1 50 W S 225 W S Beatty Ln 5th St

4th St

W Carr Hi l l Rd

Bless ing Rd Indiana AveFranklin St

1st St

Jones St Hege Ave Wat er St McK inley AveChestnut St California St

S Mutz Dr S Beat

ty St Stadler Dr

B rex Park Sycam ore StWandering WayLafayette Ave

W 200 S Gar den St

Dawson StPearl St

Ken mill S t Oak St

Huffm an Dr Reo St Brown St

Kyte S t Jef

ferson StCross Creek Dr Georgia Ave

Appleblossom Ln Volmer St

County Road 1 50 W William S t Haw Creek Blvd

Opossum Creek H aw

C

r eek

Denios Creek Flat r ock River

East Fork White River Driftwood River

Twin

Lakes LIR

C Unknown R

R

Unkn own

RR

Columbus

Water Treatment Plant 

### Garden City Ground Water Plume - EPA FID INN000508642 Garden City, Bartholomew County, IN Columbus Southern Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) Map



# μ Sources: Non Orthophotography Data

- Obtained from the State of Indiana Geographical Information Office Library - Municipal Well locations obtained from IDEM OLQ Sampling Database (SampDB) Orthophotography - Obtained from 2005 Indiana Map

Framework Data (www.indianamap.org) Map Projection : UTM Zone 16 N Map Datum : NAD83 Bartholomew

County

§  ̈ ¦ 65 £ ¤ 31 ¬ « 11 ¬ « 58 ¬ « 9 ¬ « 46 Columbus 

### Figure 1-6

Columbus Municipal Utility

WHPA - 1 Year Travel Time

WHPA - 5 Year Travel Time Municipal Well ! %

Water Treatment Plant ! % F G ! Garden City Ground Water Plume
Miller Salvage This map is intended to serve as an aid in graphic representation only. This information is not warranted for accuracy or other purposes.

Mapped By: Diane Osborn, Office of Land Quality

Date: March 12, 2013

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 500 Feet

0 200 400 600 800 1,000

100 Meters

Document Sources: - IDEM Expanded Site Inspection Report for Garden City GW Plume, INN000508642, January, 2012 - City of Columbus, Wellhead Protection Program, Pollution Source Inventory, Contingency Plan, - IDEM Site Reassessment Report for Miller Salvage Site, IND980607618, January, 2012 Management Plan, December 2000, revised October 200910 REFERENCES

Reference

Numb er Description of the Reference

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Hazard Ranking System, 55 FR 51532, December 19, 1990. 138 pages. An electronic copy of the HRS is available at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/index.htm#HRSRule

.

2. U.S. EPA, Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM), March 2012. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm . Excerpt, 10 pages.

3. U.S. Geological Survey, Columbus, Indiana 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle Map . 1962 (Photorevised 1988). Indiana Department of Nat ural Resources,

Unconso l idated Aquifer Systems of Bartholomew County, Indiana. December 2004. 2 pages.

4. CH2M Hill, Ecology & Environment, Inc., Miller Salvage Site Inspection Report

, November 4, 1985

, 110 pages. VFC Document Number 49929900

. This refe rence, and the following VFC numbered references, can be accessed electronically at the

In diana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), Virtual File Cabinet (VFC), http://108.59.49.89/Pages/P ublic/Search.aspx

.

5. I ndiana Department of Environmental Management (I DEM )

, Kiel Bros. Oil Company Preliminary Assessment , September 25, 1992.

220 pages. VFC Document Number 47626014

.

6. IDEM, Garden City Ground Water Plume Preliminary Assessment /Site Investigation Report , September 3 0, 2005. 336 pages. VFC Document Number 47774955.

7. IDEM, Garden City Ground Water Plume Expanded Site Inspection Report , January 2012. 197 pages. VFC Document Number 65846805

.

8. IDEM, Miller Salvage Site Reas sessment Report, January 2012. 155 pages.

VFC Document Number 66336419

.

9. IDEM, Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste, Emergency Response Branch, Initial Incident Report Log , March 3, 1990. 2 pages. VFC Document Number 47751318.

10. Cummins Engine Company, Notification of Hazardous Waste Site, July 31, 1981. Ecology & Environment, Inc. Telephone Log, Re: Cummins Engine Co. September 29, 1987. Indiana State Board of Health, Field Inspection Notes from 8/14/1984 site visit. 6 pages. VFC Document Number 49982580

.11 11. IDEM, Drinking Water Branch Website https://myweb.in.gov/IDEM/DWW/index.jsp

. Garden City MHP Water System Number IN5203005, 2 pages.

12. Columbus City Utilities, Columbus, Indiana. Water Quality Report 2012 , 4 pages.

13. United States Census Bureau, Bartholomew County, Indiana Quick Facts . Last

Re vised Aug. 16, 2012. Accessed Sept. 11, 2012. 2 pages. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18005.html

.

14. John Thompson, Columbus City Utilities, e le c tronic mail to Richard Milton, IDEM, December 1, 2011. Subject: Columbus Utilities information. 1 page.

15. IDEM, Office Memorandum from Sarah Finley -Johans on, Geologic al Services, to Rick Milton, Site Investigation Section. Subject: Geologic Assessment, Garden City Ground Water Contamination. February 18, 2013

. 4 pages. VFC Document Nu m ber

66055968.

16. Hoosier Environmental Services, Inc. Hydrogeological Assessment Draft Report and Proposed Work Plan , March 8, 1991. 66 pages. VFC Document Number 25207825

.

17. Reference Number Reserved

.

18. IDEM, Office of Emergency Response, handwritten notes with various dates. Indiana Department of Natural R esources, Water Well Records, Bartholomew

Coun ty. 38 pages. VFC Document Number 47751730

.

19. IDEM, correspondence to Kiel Bros. Oil Company, March 7, 1990. 2 pages.

20. IDEM, Mark Jaworski, e lectronic mail to Richard Milton, August 14, 2012. Subject:

N umber of employees and well depth at Musillami’s Drive

- In. 1 page.

21. Reference Number Reserved

.

22. IDEM, Margie Delashmit, Office Memorandum to Karla McDonald, LUST Section

, July 2 and 26 , 1991. Subject: Receipt of data package and preliminary resu lts of ground water samples . 5 pages. VFC Document Number 47750998

.

23. ATEC Environmental Consultants, Monitoring Well Installation Report , Kiel

Brot h ers Oil Company. July 24, 1991. 22 pages. VFC Document Number 47751888.

24. IDEM, Internal Office Me morand a, July 3 and 11 , 1991. Subject: TCE and benzene in Garden City domestic wells ; site referral . 2 pages. VFC Document Number

66025926.12 25. U.S. EPA website, Superfund Site Information, Bartholomew County, Indiana. 16 pages. http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/cursites/ . Accessed October 15, 2012.

26. Reference Number Reserved.

27. ICAIR Life Systems, Potentially Responsible Party Search for Miller Salvage,

Se p tember 1988. 24 pages. VF C Document Number 49982591.

28. IDEM, Billy E. Giles, Geologist, Office Memorandum to Harry E. Atkinson, Chief, State Cleanup Program. Subject: Miller Salvage, November 18, 2002. 2 pages.

VFC Document Number 4762388.

29. IDEM , Harry E. Atkinson, Ch ief, State Cleanup Program , correspondence to T.M. Solso, President, Cummins , Inc . October 25, 2004. 4 pages. VFC Document Number

49951060.

30. Cummins, Inc. correspondence to Liberty Mutual Insurance, with attachments.

De cember 16, 2004. 10 pages. VFC Document Number 49958280

.

31. Reference Number Reserved.

32. EMS Heritage Laboratories, Inc., Certificates of Analysis , August 30, 1991. 84 pages.

VFC Document Number 47751074

.

33. IDEM, Internal Correspondence, Review of Laboratory Results, Samples Collected August 1 and 2, 1991. September 23, 1991. 28 pages. VFC Document Number

47751003.

34. Lowe Gray Steele & Hoffman , Attorneys at Law, correspondence to Karla McDo nald, IDEM, November 18, 1991. Subject: Kiel Bros. meeting. Pages 1 and 2. Virtu al F ile contains 20 pages of multiple documents. VFC Document Number 23601475.

35. IDEM, Office Memorandum , Subject: Kiel Brothers Oil Company. December 18, 1991. 2 pages. VFC Document Number 47751321

.

36. IDEM, Office Memorandum , Subject: Summary o f July 13 meeting on Garden City, Indiana. July 23, 1992. 1 page. VFC Document Number 47751335.

37. Haitjema, H.M. and J. Wittman, Well Head Protection of the Southern Well Fields near Columbus, Indiana, May 21, 1992. 81 pages. VFC Document Number

49930209.

38. Reference Number Reserved.13 39. IDEM

, Office Memoranda with attachments. Subject: Garden City Ground Water

Plume. 1991, 1992 . 5 pages. VFC Document Number 47751336

.

40. IDEM, Mikhail Stonik, Stephen Sommer, Chemistry Section, Office Memorand a with attachments to Karla McDonald, LUST Section. Subject: Receipt of data package and preliminary results; Sampling near Kiel Brothers. 1992, 1993. 11 pages. VFC

Document Number 47751031

.

41. IDEM, Office Memorandum with attached analytical result s. September 15, 1992. 23 pages. VFC Document Number 58320746.

42. Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), October 8, 1992. Memorandum

with attachment. Subject: Sensitive Species, etc. 4 pages.

IDEM Office Memorandum . February 16, 1994. Subject: Additional Sampling in Garden City, Indiana. 2 pages. Virtual File contains 2 documents. VFC Document

Number 47751323.

43. IDEM, Michael H. Habeck, Chemistry Section, Office Memorandum with attached laboratory results to Pat Colcord, Immedi ate Removals Section. Subject: Review of Laboratory Results for Garden City, September 23, 1994. 258 pages. VFC Document

Number 43941758.

44. Reference Number Reserved.

45. IDEM, field sheets and preliminary summary results from December 1997 samplin g event. 6 7 pages. Field s heets from 1991 sampling event. 34 pages. Field sheets and associated forms from 1998 sampling event. 11 pages. VFC Document Number

47750880.

46. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), City of Columbus, Indiana, Bartholomew County. Panel 20 of 30, Community Panel Number 180007 0020 D, Revised February 19, 1997. 4 pages.

47. IDEM, Kiel Bothers Site Inspection Work Plan with attachments. January 10, 2002. 35 pages. IDEM, Sampling Field Sheets. January 29, 2002. 14 pages. VFC

Doc ument Number 47625918.

48. Reference Number Reserved.

49. Reference Number Reserved.

50. IDEM, Drinking Water Branch website, Record of Violations, Garden City MHP

Wa ter System Number IN5203005, 1 page. https://myweb.in.gov/IDEM/DWW/JSP/Violations.jsp?tinwsys_is_number=407822&t inwsys_st_code=IN

.14 51. IDEM

, Office Memorandum with attachments

, April 5, 2002. Analytical results for Kiel Bros. sampling event s. 685 pages. VFC Document Number 47626367.

52. IDEM, Troy L. South, Chemistry Section, Office Memorandum to Andrea Robertson, State Cleanup Section, August 19, 2002. Subject: Analytical result s for Kiel Bros. sampling event, June 12 and 13, 2002. 20 pages. VFC Document Number 58342134.

53. IDEM

, Office Memorandum , August 19, 2002. Analytical results for Kiel Bros.

sa mpling event, June 13, 2002. 7 pages. VFC Document Number 58342450.

54. IDEM, Memorandum of Decision, Kiel Bros. Oil Company, September 12, 2002. 3 pages. VFC Document Number 47751355.

55. Reference Number Reserved

.

56. IDEM, Garden City Ground Water Plume samples, Mobile Laboratory a nalysis. November 2002. 37 pages. IDNR Well Records. 30 pages. Laboratory Analytical Results Sept., Oct., Nov. 2003. 79 pages. VFC Document Number 47734370.

57. IDEM, Garden City Ground Water Plume samples. November 2002. 55 pages.

VFC Document Number 47627449.

58. IDEM, Jason Murdoch, Chemistry Section, Office Memorandum to Andrea Robertson, State Cleanup, September 29, 2003. Analytical results for Garden City sampling event, July 30, 2003. 3 pages. VFC Document Number 47625686.

59. IDEM

, Office Memorandum , January 9, 2004 . Analytical results for Garden City sampling event, October 30, 2003. 3 pages. VFC Document Number 47624988.

60. Haley & Aldrich, Inc. prepared for IDEM, Miller Salvage Remedial Investigation Report – Draft, on behalf of Cummins, Inc. October 3, 2006. 370 pages. VFC

Doc ument Number 49929729.

61. IDEM, No Further Action Letter for Miller Salvage to Cummins, Inc. August 5, 2010. 3 pages. VFC Document Number 57462457.

62. U.S.EPA CLP Organics Chain of Custody Record, ALS Laboratory Group,

Case #4 1645. 6 pages.

63. Reference Number Reserved

.

64. U.S. EPA Superfund Information Systems website, Record of Decision System (RODS), Columbus Old Municipal Landfill #1. 2 pages. http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/index.cfm?fuseaction=data.rodinfo&id=0501673&mRo

d=05016731992ROD194 . Accessed September 11, 2012.15 65. IDEM, Columbus Area Preliminary Assessments, including Preliminary Assessment of the Joe Boaz Site #2, with attachments. August and September 1985. 35 pages.

VFC Document Number 47609872.

66. Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR), Garden City area well logs assembled from IDNR Website, 12 pages. http://dnrmaps.dnr.in.gov/apps/dnrwaterwells_enh/ . Accessed August 14, 2012.

67. Reference Number Reserved.

68. U.S. EPA, Level 3 Data Validation, Garden City Sample Delivery Group (SDG) Number E2S19, Case Number 41645. 130 pages.

69. Reference Number Reserved.

70. U.S. EPA, Level 3 Data Validation, Garden City Sample Delivery Group (SDG) Number E2S11, Case Number 41645. 95 pages.

71. IDEM, Drinking Water Branch website. Water System Details, Musillami’s Driv e-In. 2 pages. Accessed September 11, 2012. https://myweb.in.gov/IDEM/DWW/JSP/WaterSystemDetail.jsp?tinwsys_is_number=3 90639&tinwsys_st_code=IN&wsnumber=IN2030830

.

72. Reference Number Reserved.

73. Reference Number Reserved

.

74. IDEM, Site Investigation Program, Quality Assurance Project Plan . April 30, 2008. 84 pages.

75. U.S. EPA Drinking Water Contaminants Webs ite. List of Contaminants and their

Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), EPA 816 -F-09-0004, May 2009. 6 pages. Accessed September 11, 2012. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/ind ex.cfm#List

.

76. U. S. EPA, David Wilson, Geologist, Office Memorandum with attachments. Subject:

Information for the Final Draft HRS DOC U MENTATION Record for the Garden City Ground Water Contamination Plume, February 4, 2013. 11 p ages.

77. IDEM, Sam ple Field Sheets, Garden City Ground Water Plume, August 9, 2011. 37 pages.

78. IDEM, Sample Field Sheets, Miller Salvage, August 9 and 10, 2011. 22 pages.16 79. City of Columbus Wellhead Protection Program, Pollution Source Inventory Contingen cy Plan Management Plan , December 2000, Revised October 2009. 359

pages.

80. Haley & Aldrich, Inc. prepared for Cummins, Inc. Subject: Quarterly Groundwater Sampling Report – Miller Salvage , July 2009. 56 pages.

VFC Document Number 50161258.

81. Haley & Al drich, Inc. prepared for Cummins, Inc.

, Subject: Quarterly Groundwater Sampling Report – Miller Salvage , November 2009. 248 pages. VFC Document Number 52380758, Sampling analysis t ables are unreadable.

82. Haley & Aldrich, Inc. prepared for Cummins, Inc. Subject: Quarterly Groundwater Sampling Report – Miller Salvage , February 2010. 270 pages. VFC Document Number

54134305 , Sampling analysis tables are unreadable.

83. Haley & Aldrich, Inc. prepared for Cummins, Inc. Subject: Quarterly Groundwat er Sampling Report – Miller Salvage , April 2010. 23 pages. VFC Document Number

54844525.

84. EPA Superfund Record of Decision, Subject: Columbus Old Municipal Landfill #1, March 31, 1992. 15 pages.

85. Clark, G. Douglas, 1980; The Indiana Water Resource; Availability, Uses, and Needs

, Indiana Department of Natural Resources

. Excerpt, 28 pages. VFC Document Number

49982368

86. Ecology and Environment, Inc. Expanded Listing Site Inspection/Groundwater Pathway Assessment, Miller Salvage, Columbus, Indiana. October 31, 1991. 179 pages. VFC Document Number 49929130

87. Haitjema, H.M., Vic Kelson, and Jack Whitman, 1996 (updated 2009); Capture Zone Delineation for the Municipal Wellfields Columbus, Indiana. 360 pages. VFC

Doc u ment Number 53060348.

88. I ndiana D epartment of Natural Resources (IDNR) We ll Records #216176, 216211, 216201, 370712, 370713, 370714, 370715, 370716, 370717, 308833, 364296, 317191. https://secure.in.gov/apps/dnr/dowos/Waterwell.aspx

89. Klaer, F.H., G.E. Davis, and T.M. Kingsbury, 1951; Ground- Water Resources of the Columbus Area, Bartholomew County, Indiana, U.S Geological Survey. 41 pages.

90. Sieco, Inc. December 1997, Cross Section D-D’; Columbus U tilities Well H ead

Prote c tion . 1 page. VFC Document Number 53063602.17 91. Strand Associates, Inc. 2009, Columbus IN Wellhead Protection Program Wellhead

De lineatio n; Fairgrounds/Marr-Glick/South Wellfield . 1 page. VFC Document

Number 53062144

92. US DA, 2002; Soil Survey of Bartholomew County, Indiana. 754 pages. http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Manuscripts/IN005/0/Bartholomew_IN.pdf

93. Watkins, F.A., and J.E. Heisel, 1970 : Electrical -Analog- Model Study of Water Resources of the Columbus Area, Bartholomew County, Indiana ; U.S. Geolo gical Survey Water -Supply Paper 1981. Excerpt, 26 pages. VFC Document Number

49982554

94. Reference Number Reserved.

95. Gr ay, Henry, Jane Forsyth, Allan Schneider, and Ansel Gooding, 1972; Regional

Ge ologic Map No. 7, Cincinnati Quadrangle, Indiana and Ohio, Showing Bedrock and Unconsolidated Deposits, Indiana Geological Survey. 1 page.

96. Planert, Michael, May 1976, Digital

- Model Analysis To Predict Water Levels In A Well Field Near Columbus, Indiana. USGS Water -Resources Investigations 76-63. 21 Pages.

97. USGS, 2010, Columbus Quadrang le , 7.5 minute topographic map of Columbus IN. 1 page. http://store.usgs.gov

98. Schneider, Allan, Indiana Geological Survey. 1966; Physiography . Reprinted from

Na tural Features of Indiana, The Indiana Sesquicentennial Volume. 18 pages.

99. IDEM, February 13, 2013, Garden City Ground Water Plume Boun dary Measurement Calculations. 1 page.

100. IDEM, February 13 , 2013, Geographical Information Office (GIO) Spatial Database Engine (SDE). 1 page.

101. National Flood Insurance Program, Preliminary Flood Insurance Rate Map

, Bartholomew County, Indiana. Map Number 18005C0141E. 1 page.18 GARDEN CITY GROUND W ATER PLUME

SITE SUMMARY

The Garden City Ground Water Plume is located under the unincorporated town of Garden City, Bartholomew County, Indiana. The town is approximately one mile south of the city of Columbus,

Ba rtholomew County, Indiana. The center of the town, and the highest concentrations of trichloroethylene ( TCE ), are located at the intersection of 900 Jonesville Road (aka State Road 11) and County Road 100 South (aka Garden Street). The town is composed of approximately 50 individual residences and the Garden City Mobile Home Park (Garden City MHP) containing 47 mobile homes.

There are also se veral businesses along Jonesville Road. All the homes and businesses in Garden City

are served b y i ndividual private ground water wells ( Ref. 7, p. 9; Ref. 15, p. 5). The Garden City MHP has its own well and water delivery system (Ref. 11, p. 1, 2 ).

TCE has been detected in g round water from multiple commercial and residential private wells (Ref. 7, p. 17, pp. 29~32). The Garden City MHP well has had intermittent TCE contamination, exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 micrograms per liter ( ug/l ) ( Ref. 75, pp. 1, 4), since 1997 (Ref. 50, p. 1). Sampling has also confirmed the presence of TCE, exceeding the MCL, at several private residential wells near the

Ga rden City intersection (Ref. 7, pp. 15, 29~32; Section 3.1.1, Contaminated Ground Water Sample

Table A and Figure 1-4 of this HRS documentation record).

The plume was depicted laterally by ground water sample locations with detections of TCE

contamin ation above the Cancer Risk Screening Concentration (CRSC) benchmark or exceeding non

detect bac kground concentrations (Section 3.1.1, Contaminated Ground Water Samples, Tables A, B, C of this HRS documentation record). The depicted plume exists from approximately 300’ north to 1,000’ south of the Garden City intersection, covering an estimated 3.45 acres, and is the only area utilized for HRS scoring purposes (Fig. 1 -4 of this HRS documentation record) (Ref. 99, p. 1) (Ref. 100, p. 1).

The Columbus Marr

- Glick Well Field is approximately 1⁄2 mile south/southeast of the Garden City

ce n ter (Ref. 12, p. 2; Figure 1-4 of this HRS documentation record). One of the municipal wells had

TCE conc entrations which exceeded the non-detect background and the sampling methodology

Contract R e quired Quantitation Limits (CRQL) detection limit of 0.5 ug/l utilized in the Garden City Expanded Site Inspection (ESI). Municipal well detections were below the MCL (Ref. 7, p. 17, pp. 30~32). The affected Columbus municipal wells are not within the laterally depicted plume on Figure

1-4 of this HRS documentation record and are not included for HRS sco ring purposes.

The entire plume, as identified to date

, is within the southern Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) for the city of Columbus (Ref. 79, pp. 7, 8; Ref. 91, p. 1) ( Fig . 1-6 of this HRS documentation record). The municipal wells closest to Ga rden City were sampled during the ESI. Columbus operates 15 ground

wa ter wells in this WHPA. This well field , and an other well field north of Columbus , serve an estimated population of 45,000 (Ref. 14, p. 1).19 Garden City over lies unconsolidated deposits consisting of recent alluvial silts and sands overlying, in part, extensive sand and gravel outwash deposits of the Quaternary-age Atherton Formation (Ref. 95, p. 1). In the area of interest, the sand and gravel deposits are approximately 70 -100 feet thick (Ref. 88, p.1; Ref. 96, p. 8). A ll Garden City residential and commercial wells, plus the Columbus municipal wells, draw drinking water from this aquifer. The area is subject to flood ing from the adjacent East Fork of the White River ( Ref . 5, p. 5; R ef. 46, pp. 1 ~4 ; Ref. 101, p. 1) . See Figure 1 -1 of this HRS

documentation record for a state location map , and Figures 1 -2 through 1-6 for additional related

information. All f igures in this HRS documentation r ecord were compiled utiliz ing the Indiana

G eographical Information Office (GIO) Sp a tial Database Engine (Ref. 100, p. 1).

G ROUND WATER PLUME HISTORY

In May 1989, The Indiana Department of Environmental Management ( IDEM ) received a report of petroleum odors in drinking water at a residence lo cated in Garden City (Ref. 16, pp. 4- 5). IDEM’s

Of fice of Emergency Response (OER) began sampling homes and businesses in Garden City. Results from these samples showed contamination of ground water with petroleum products and volatile organic compounds including benzene, toluene, and TCE (Ref. 18, pp. 29~38). The ground water well at the Kiel Bros. gasoline station ( 850 Jonesville Road) had the highest concentrations of identified VOCs (Ref. 16, p. 5). The station was undergoing an underground s torage tank upgrade at the time of

the in i tial complaint (Ref. 18, p. 30) (Fig . 1-5 of this HRS documentation record).

Several contaminants were detected, with TCE and benzene exceeding drinking water MCLs at several sample locations. The highest concentrations of TCE were found in the Kiel Bros. drinking water well. TCE was also found in wells up-gradient of ground water flow from the Kiel Bros. location (Ref. 18, pp. 1-3, 29~38).

IDEM’s Underground Storage Tank Section (UST) staff issued a notification on March 7, 1990, to the potentially responsible party (Kiel Bros.) that a site investigation be conducted at their facility ( Ref. 19, pp. 1, 2 ).

On March 30, 1990, an Initial Incident Report was submitted to IDEM’s Emergency Response Branch

confirmin g that a release of a petroleum product had occurred (Ref. 9, p. 1) . Kiel began its investig ation and installed three monitoring wells on the property. On June 18, 1991, IDEM installed and sampled four additional monitoring wells on adjacent properties (Ref. 22, pp. 1~5; Ref. 23, pp. 1~22). The investigation revealed no evidence that Kiel or any of the previous operators used or stored

TCE on -site. Piezometric contour maps, generated during monitoring, indicated ground water flow to the south/southeast (Ref. 5, pp. 56, 149; Ref. 2 3, p. 9; Ref. 37, pp. 22~28; Ref. 60, p. 52 ).

On July 11, 1991, IDEM’s Leaking Underground Storage Tank Section ( LUST ) referred the TCE ground water contamination to the IDEM Site Investigation Section stating that the contami nation was unrelated to any Kiel Bros. underground storage tank and therefore LUST could not investigate further (Ref. 24, pp. 1-2). The Kiel Bros. site was entered into CERCLIS for the continued investigation into the TCE contamination and given a Discov ery Date of May 20, 1991 (Ref. 25, p. 14 ).

TCE disposal in the vicinity of Garden City was previously known. On July 7, 1981, Cummins Engine Company (Cummins) of Columbus, IN, notified U.S. EPA of its past disposal activities at the Miller20 Salvage and Cr ating scrap yard (Miller Salvage), located approximately 1⁄2 mile southeast of the Garden City intersection . Cummins reported that it had disposed of an estimated 3.5 million gallons of waste containing 1,1,1-trichloroethane and TCE at Miller Salvage. This had occurred over approximately 17 years, ending in 1969 (Ref. 10, pp. 1~ 6). A Preliminary Assessment of Miller was completed in April 1983 and a Site Inspection completed in November, 1985 (Ref. 4, p. 2; Ref. 25, p. 6 ). After an investigation into Potentially Responsible Parties, Cummins took responsibility for the contamin a tion at Miller and conducted a separate remedial investigation under IDEM State Cleanup Section oversight (Ref. 27, pp. 1~24; Ref. 29, pp. 1~4; Ref. 30, pp. 1~10 ; Ref. 80, p. 9; Ref. 81, p. 9; Ref. 82, p. 9; Ref. 83, p. 9).

On August 1 and 2, 1991, IDEM Site Investigations Section conducted a Preliminary Assessment on Kiel Bros. with ground water sampling (Ref. 5, pp. 11 ~32 ). Sampling was conducted on private drinking water wells al ong with one Columbus municipal well (Ref. 5, pp. 16~37 ). VOCs were detected in eight ground wa ter samples with two of the eight exceed ing MCLs for TCE (Ref. 5, pp. 14, 15) (Ref. 32, pp. 22~36, 41~44, 53~56, 63 ~64 ; Ref. 33, pp.1, 5) . The samples exceeding MCLs were taken at Kiel Bros. and the adjacent drive- in restaurant (Ref. 5, pp. 20~21, Ref. 32, pp. 41~44). No

contamination was de tected in the municipal well (Ref. 5, pp. 5~6, 29 ; Ref. 32, pp. 59~61 ).

In November 1991, the LUST program agreed that TC E contamination in ground water on the Kiel Bros. property was from an off- site source . Kiel Bros. would continue to treat its site as a normal petroleum release situation and would not be responsible for the TCE remediation (Ref. 34, pp. 1, 2;

Ref. 35, pp. 1, 2; Ref. 36, p. 1).

The city of Columbus began to increase its drinking water production from ground water south of

Ga r den City with the additional new well field (Marr -Glick). Production was to be increased from 6.9

MGD in 1992 to an anticipated 13.0 MGD upon completion of the well field in 2002 (Ref. 37, pp. 29~34, 37). IDEM was concerned about the effect the additional drawdown from these wells would have on the TCE plume (Ref. 39, pp. 1 ~3 ). IDEM conducted further sampling on June 30, 1992 (Ref. 40, pp. 1~11; Ref. 41, pp. 1~3).

In the spring of 1994, heavy rains and flooding may have been responsible for increased contamination in the residential wells being monitored by IDEM. It was decided to enlarge the sampling area to

de termine if contamin ation had spread to previously unaffected residen ces and businesses (Ref. 42, pp.
5, 6). The IDEM Site Investigation Section conducted additional sampling in June 1994. No TCE

co n centrations were detected (Ref. 43, pp. 1~3).

The Site Investigation Sect ion completed the Kiel Bros. Preliminary Assessment on August 27, 1996 (Ref. 25 , p. 14 ).

Further sampling was conducted on December 23, 1997 (Ref. 45, pp. 1~20). Three residences had TCE contamination in their wells ( Ref. 45, pp. 2, 13~15, 24, 33~35).

IDEM conducted further ground water sampling in January 2002 (Ref. 6, p. 17 ; Ref. 47, pp. 2, 30~43). Ground water wells were sampled for VOCs. TCE exceeding its MCL was found in 2 residential wells and one commercial well (Ref. 6, pp. 17, 26, 180, 186, 198; Ref. 51, pp. 1~3).21 IDEM returned for a dditional sampling in April and June 2002. Ground water and soil samples were collected. TCE was detected several ground water samples but exceeded MCLs in only the mobile home park well. TCE was not detected in any soil samples (Ref. 51, pp. 4~ 8, 22, 23; Ref. 52, pp. 1~20; Ref. 53, pp. 1~7).

IDEM recommended that the Kiel Bros. site be given a priority of No Further Remedial Action Planned (NFRAP) in the site assessment process , indicating that it was not th e source of TCE in local ground

water (Ref. 6, p. 12; Ref. 25, p. 13; Ref. 54). On September 24, 2002, the Reassessment of the Kiel Bros. petroleum products cleanup was completed by U.S. EPA and the site was archived in CERCLIS (Ref. 25, p. 14).

A new CERCLIS site, Garden City Ground Water Plume (INN000508642), was originated to continue the investigation into the source of the TCE. This site was given a discovery date of September 10, 2002, and a Combined Preliminary Assessment/Site Inspection (PA/SI) start date of October 22, 2002 (Ref. 2 5, p. 4 ).

In November 2002, IDEM obtained soil borings and ground water grab samples (Ref. 6, pp. 13, 15, 16, 18, 19). None of the ground water samples and only one of the soil samples contained a detectable amount of chlorinated solvents (Ref. 6, pp. 17, 20-24, 302~307, 316~321; Ref. 57 ).

IDEM monitored contamination levels in ground water in 2003. TCE continued to exceed its MCL at the mobile home park and some nearby residences (Ref. 56, pp. 71~74, 78, 79 ; Ref . 58, pp. 1~3; Ref. 59, pp. 1~4).

Following completion of the PA/SI Report, IDEM recommended that the Garden City Ground Water Plume be given an “Other Cleanup Authority” (OCA) designation and be combined with the remedial investigation of Miller Salvag e. The Miller Salvage investigation was being conducted by the Respo nsible Party (Cummins) with oversight by IDEM State Cleanup Program (Ref. 28, pp. 1~2; Ref. 30, pp. 1~3).

In October 2006, A Remedial Investigation Report for Miller Salvage was prepared by the consultant for Cummins based on field investigations conducted in April, May, and September of 2006 (Ref. 60, p. 2 ). S tate Cleanup Section staff agreed contamination was insufficient to warrant further remedial action. Cummins was issued a No Further Action (NFA) letter for Miller Salvage on August 5, 2010 (Ref. 61, pp. 1~3).

On August 9 and 10, 2011, the Site Investigation Section conducted an Expanded Site Inspection (ESI) of the Garden City Ground Water Plume. The results of the ESI indicated the pres ence of TCE above background in the mobile home park well (47 residences), five single family residences, and two

co m mercial wells. Two of Columbus’ municipal wells had TCE detections with only one exceeding the Contract Required Quantitation Limits (CRQL) of 0.5 ug/l (Ref. 7, pp. 31, 32) ( Fig . 1-4 of this HRS documentation record). The Garden City Ground Water Plume ESI was submitted to U.S. EPA and completed on May 1, 2012 (Ref. 25, p. 4).22 At the same time as the ESI, IDEM’s Site Investiga tion Section conducted a Reassessment of Miller Salvage (Ref. 8, pp. 1, 5) . Soil and ground water samples taken within the current boundaries of the Miller property revealed no TCE contamination (Ref. 8, pp. 10~11, 18~20, 33~38, 69~70, 75~80,

111~118 ; Ref . 78, pp. 5~10). However, ground water samples taken just south of the Miller property line contained estimated levels of TCE contamination at 3.0 ug/l and 1.8 ug/l (Ref. 8, pp. 18~20, 39~44, 63~68; Ref. 78, pp. 11~16) . These were estimated values because the analytical methodology utilized in the Miller Reassessment used a CRQL of 5.0 ug/l. These locations were within 0.36 mile of the Columbus municipal wells which had detections of TCE contamination (Ref. 8, pp. 18-20 ; Ref. 78, pp.

17~18 ).

Ground wate r flow through Miller Salvage is generally to the east/southeast, down- gradient from

Ga rden City (Ref. 80, pp. 33~35; Ref. 81, pp. 34~36; Ref. 82, pp. 37~39; Ref. 83, pp. 39~41). Ground water samples taken between Miller Salvage and the Garden City inters ection have not shown TCE

contamin ation between the Garden City Ground Water Plume and Miller Salvage (Ref. 80, pp. 9, 10, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 32; Ref. 81, pp. 9, 10; Ref. 82, pp. 9, 10 ; Ref. 83, pp. 9, 10, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38 ; Ref. 7, pp. 12, 21, 32, 61, 124; Ref. 8, pp. 9, 20, 26, 63, 69, 78).

2.2 SOURCE CH ARA C TE RIZ AT ION

Residential and commercial drinking water wells at several commercial and industrial locations in

Ga rden City have had intermittent TCE contamination since 1989 (Ref. 16 , p p. 1, 4~5 ).

Portions of the Garden City area are designated as a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) subject to inundation by the 1% annual (100 year) chance flood (Ref. 46, pp. 1 ~4 ; Ref. 101, p. 1). Many low- lying areas and gravel pits have been filled , possibly with foundry sand and other industrial wastes since the 1930’s (Ref. 6, pp. 9~14; Ref. 15, p. 1).

A direct link between known areas of waste disposal or other contamination and the ground water contamination in the Garden City wells could not be made despite numerous investigations by private consultants, IDEM, and U.S. EPA (Ref. 6, pp. 11, 12; Ref. 5, pp. 7, 8). A brief summary of these investig ations is shown below. More complete details are provided in the Site Summary section of this

HR S documentation record.

IDEM first responded in May 1989, to a complaint of petroleum odors in drinking water from a private well. IDEM proceeded to conduct sampling of numerous private wells and installed monitoring wells in the immediate vicinity (R ef. 16, pp. 4, 5 ).

Kiel Bros. Oil Company was entered into CERCLIS on May 20, 1991, and given the identification number IND 985046903. A Preliminary Assessment (PA) was initiated in 1992 and completed on August 27, 1996, recommending further investigation. The Site Inspection (SI) was completed on Septe mber 24, 2002 (Ref. 25, pp. 12~14). Based on the results of the investigations at and near Kiel Bros., it was concluded that the Kiel Bros. facility should receive a designation of NFRAP (Ref. 25, pp. 13-14).23 A new site (Garden City Ground Water Plume, INN000508642) was listed on CERCLIS to continue the TCE investigation. A combined PA/SI was initiated on November 22, 2002, and completed on Septe mber 28, 2006 (Ref. 25, pp. 3, 4).

IDEM’s evaluation of soil and ground water sampling data submitted by the Miller Salvage respo n sible

party (Cummins, Inc.), between 2006 and 2010 resulted in a No Further Action (NFA) letter being issued from IDEM’s State Cleanup Section on Miller Salvage. This determination was based on consistently low ground water concentrations of contaminants of concern and ground water flow

direction to wards the river (Ref. 61, pp. 1 ~3 ; Ref. 80, pp. 9, 33~35; Ref. 81, pp. 9, 34~36; Ref. 82, pp. 9, 37~39; Ref. 83, pp. 9, 39~41 ).

A Rea ssessment of Miller Salvage was conducted by IDEM’s Site Investigation Section following the NFA. The Reassessment was conducted in August 2011. The Reassessment did not discover a TCE

source in the soil (Ref. 8, pp. 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 24, 25 ).

At the same time as the Miller Reassessment, an ESI was conducted on the Garden City Ground Water

Plume (Ref. 7, p. 12; Ref. 8, p. 9; Ref. 77, pp. 1~37; Ref. 78, pp. 1~22). The ESI was approved by U.S. EPA and completed on May 1, 2012 (Ref. 7, p. 5)

.

The ESI did confirm Level I TCE contamination in pre- filtered drinking water at the Garden City Mobile Home Park (47 residences), 4 private residences, and 2 commercial buildings. Level II

contamin ation was noted in one residence (Ref. 7, p. 29~32).

IDEM staff u tilized the U.S. EPA Superfund Information Systems dat abases and obtained the following

information on listed facilities within one mile

.

KIEL BROS. OIL COMPANY

, CERCLIS ID# IND985046903 (Archived)

Action Name Lead Actual Completion

DISCOVERY S 05/20/1991

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT S 08/27/1996

SITE REASSESSMENT S 09/24/2002

ARCHIVE SITE EP 09/24/2002 (Ref. 25 , p. 14)

GARDEN CITY GROUND WATER PLUME

, CERCLIS ID#INN000508642 (Active)

Action Name Lead Actual Completion

DISCOVERY F 09/10/2002

COMBINED PRELIMINARY

A S SESSMENT/SITE INSPECTION S 09/28/2006

EXPANDED SITE INSPECTION S 05/01/2012 (Ref. 25 , p. 4)24 MILLER SALVAGE

, CERCLIS ID#IND980607618 (Active)

Action Name Lead Actual Completion

DISCOVERY F 08/01/1981

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT F 04/01/1983

SITE INSPECTION REASSESSMENT (not on the EPA website) F 12/19/1985

Not Final (Ref. 25 , p. 6)

2.2.1 Source Identification

Number of Source: 1

Name and description of source: Other - Ground Water Plume with No Identified Source

Based on the results of the ESI conducted on August 8, and 9, 2011, and previous investigations, the source of the TCE contamination in Garden City is unknown. More complete details of previous investigations are provided in the Site Summary section of this HRS documentation record. Previous investigations have determined at least one likely release of TCE to ground water (M iller Salvage)

wit hin 1⁄2 mile of the highest concentrations in Garden City, but, as previously discussed, this source cannot be definitively linked to the TCE plume affecting Garden City resident ial wells . As described in the Site Summary section and Secti on 2.2, a direct link between known areas of waste disposal or other contamination and the ground water contamination in the Garden City wells could not be made despite numerous investigations by private consultants, IDEM, and U.S. EPA. Therefore, the plu me itself is considered the source. The extent of this plume has not been completely de lineated at this time but has been characterized by data from residential and commercial ground water wells ( Fi gure 1 -4 of this HRS

doc umentation record ).

2.2.2 Hazar dous Substance Associated with a Source

The ground water plume with no identified source, Source 1, contains measured levels of TCE, for which observed releases were established within the sand and gravel aquifer. TCE was detected above background levels in samples collected by IDEM in the ESI conducted in August 2011.

Refer to Section 3.1.1 of this HRS documentation record for tables of ground water samples that were

found to be contaminated.

List of Hazardous Substances Associated with Source The following hazardous substance is associated with the source:

- Trichloroethene (TCE)

Location of the source with reference to a map of the site: See Figure 1 -4, Garden City Ground Water Plume Boundary Map, of this HRS documentation record25 Source type for HRS evaluation purposes:

Other - Ground Water Plume with No Identified Source.

Containment Release to Ground Water: The Containment Factor Value for the ground water migration pathway was

evaluated for “All Sources” for evidence of hazardous substanc e migration from a source area (i.e., source area includes source and any associated containment structures). The applicable containment factor value was determined based on analytical evidence of a release obtained from ground water samples from wells du ring the ESI. Therefore, based on no liner and evidence of a re lease, a Containment Factor Value of 10 was assigned to Source No. 1 as specified in Table 3-2 of the HRS.

2.2.3 Hazardous Substances Available to a Pathway

Containment Description Containm ent
Factor Value References

Gas release to air: Not Scored NA

Particulate release to air: Not Scored NA

Release to ground water: Because there is an observed release of a

ha z ardous substance to ground water, a containment value of 10 has been assigned. 10 Ref. 1,

Sections 2.2.2 and 3.1.1.

Table 3 -2

Release via overland migration and/or flood: Not scored NA

2.4.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

2.4.2.1 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity (Tier A)

The information avail able is not sufficient to evaluate Tier A source hazardous waste quantity . A

suff i cient number of samples were not collected that would statistically represent the range of contaminant concentrations throughout the source, therefore, hazardous constituent quantity is not scored (NS). As a result, the evaluation of hazardous waste quantity proceeds to the evaluation of Tier B, hazardous wastestream quantity (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.1, pp. 61, 62).

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity (Tier B) The information available is not sufficient to evaluate Tier B source hazardous wastestream quantity. There are insufficient historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, permits, etc.)

avai lable to adequately calculate the total mass of all hazardous wastestreams and CERCLA pollutants

and contaminants in the source. T herefore, hazardous wastestream quantity is not scored (NS). As a result, the evaluation of Hazardous Waste Quantity proceeds to the evaluation of Tier C, Volume (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.2, p. 62 ).

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS26 2.4.2.1.3 Volume (Tier C) Horizontal and vertical extent of the plume cannot be determined based on available sampling data; a

suff icient number of samples are not available to statistically represent the range of contaminant

co ncentrations throughout the source. Therefore, the source volume is unknown, but greater than 0 (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.3, p. 62 ).

Volume V alue Assigned: unknown, but >0

2.4.2.1.4 Area (Tier D)

A rea (Tier D) is not evaluated for source type “Other” (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.1.4, p. 62 ).

Area Assigned Value: NA

SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Source #1:

Other

- Ground Water Plume with No Identified Source

Tier Measure Ground Water Migration Pathway

Tier A, Constituent Quantity * NS

Tier B, Wastestream Quantity * NS

Tier C, Volume >0

Tier D, Area NA

* NS = Not Scored

2.4.2.1.5 Calculation of Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value Volume of ground water plume: >0 but unknown Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value: >0 but unknown

Description of Other Possible Sources : Miller Salv age, CERCLIS ID # IND980607618 Miller Salvage (Miller) is an active auto/scrap metal salvage operation encompassing nearly 30 acres at 5 Kenmill Road in the unincorporated community of Garden City. The business is approximately 1⁄4 mile southeast of the Garden City intersection. The surrounding area is mostly rural with the residential areas of Garden City generally west of the site

. Although active, the property has less than 100 cars with small amounts of assorted scrap metal. The property is mostly overgrown with weeds and shrubbery. The property soils consist of silty loams and fill (mostly foundry sand). Ag ricultural fields and woodlands surround the property on three sides. There are several residences within 1⁄4 mile from

the property (Ref. 8, p. 6). Ground water flow through Miller is generally to the southeast through all levels of the aquifer ( Ref. 80, p. 9; Ref. 81, p. 9; Ref. 82, p. 9; Ref. 83, p. 9). U.S. EPA was i n formed of potential contamination at Miller in August 1981, when Cummins sub mitted a Notification of

Hazar d ous Waste Site form to U.S. EPA in compliance with Section 103(c) of CERCLA (Ref. 10, pp. 1, 2). This notification stated that Cummins had deposited 3.5 million gallons of process waste27 between 1952 and 1969 at Miller . Wast e oil analysis conducted by Cummins in 1983 revealed

contaminants such as TCA, TCE, toluene, lead, and waste acids in the waste oil (Ref. 10, pp. 4 ~6)

.

Several large diameter irrigation and livestock wells surrounding Miller could have provided a pathway for ground water to migrate from Miller Salvage to Garden City. In 1988, drought conditions in

Ba rtholomew County likely increased the eastward extent of the wells’ hydraulic capture zones

, potentially drawing ground water towards Garden City (Ref. 76, pp. 1, 3, 5). Also, in 1976, t he United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) conducted a digital-model analysis to predict wa ter levels in the then proposed southern well field for Columbus, south of Garden City. It stated that during periods of high water a reversal of ground water flow from the river can o ccur (Ref. 96, p. 11).

IDEM completed a Reassessment of Miller, including both soil and ground water sampling via di rect

push technology, in August 2011. Soil samples were taken just above the water table generally between 7.5’ and 17.7’ below ground surface (bgs). TCE was not found in any soil or ground water samples taken within the present day boundaries of Miller Salvage. Ground water samples taken adj acent to the southern boundary, and possibly within the former boundary of Miller Salvage, did reveal TCE contamination in ground water. These detections were below the Contract Required Quantitation Limits (CRQL) for TCE utilized for the Reassessment and are considered estimated values (Ref. 8, pp. 8, 26, 27).

Kiel Bros. Oil Company Gas Station, CERCLIS ID # IND985046903 The former Kiel Bros. Gas Station was located at 850 Jonesville Road, Garden City. Kiel had purchased

the facility in 1984 from Eddy Oil Company which also had operated a gas station at tha t location since the early 1970s. Prior to 1971, the property was owned by Bruce Motor Freight of Indiana, but it is believed the property was vacant at that time (Ref. 5, pp. 1~5).

In May 1989, IDEM received a report of petroleum odors in dri nking water at a residence located adj a cent to t he former Kiel Bros. property (Ref. 16, pp. 4, 5). IDEM’s Office of Emergency Response (OER) began sampling wells at homes and businesses in Garden City. Results from these samples showed contamination of ground water with petroleum products and volatile organic compounds including benzene, toluene, and TCE (Ref. 16, p. 5; Ref. 18, pp. 29~38). The ground water well at the Kiel Bros. gasoline station had the highest concentrations of identified VOCs (Ref. 16, p. 5). The

station w as undergoing an Underground Storage Tank (UST) upgrade at the time of the initial

co mplaint (Ref. 16, p. 5 ) (Fig . 1-5 of this HRS documentation record). IDEM agreed that Kiel Bros.

was not the source of the TCE in ground water. On September 24, 2002, the Reassessment of the Kiel Bros. petroleum products cleanup was completed by U.S. EPA and the site was archived in CERCLIS (Ref s. 34, pp. 1, 2; 36, p. 1; Ref. 25, p. 14).

Columbus Old Municipal Landfill, CERCLIS ID# IND980607626

The 19- acre Columbus Old Municipal Landfill is located approximately 1 mile north of Garden City.

The landfill , located in the 100-year floodplain of the East Fork of the White River, is bounded by farmland, state roads, and an inactive gravel quar ry pond. From 1938 to the 1960s, the facility was

op erated as a municipal landfill accumulating an estimated 500,000 cubic yards of fill material. After the landfill reached a maximum of 20 feet, operations ceased and the landfill was closed by placing two

to thr ee feet of dredged river sediments over the entire area. Deposited materials were mainly municipal and household wastes, although wastes from industrial sources were reportedly disposed of at the28 lan d fill. Limited dumping by unauthorized parties may also h ave occurred. No records of operations were kept. The waste material was dumped directly on the ground surface and was exposed to the

elements. Open burning of waste material occurred regularly. Annual spring flooding caused the waste

material to becom e submerged periodically. Eventually, the landfill began to function as a berm between the floodplain and the adjacent farmland. In 1981, Cummins Engine Company notified U.S. EPA of waste materials, including solvents, acids, lubricants, cutting fluids, and metals, that were generated and r eportedly disposed of at the landfill. In 1990, the potentially responsible parties, under direct guidance of the state and U.S. EPA, conducted an investigation to assess the potential impacts of the waste material dep osited in the landfill on soil, ground water, surface water, and river sediments in the vicinity of the landfill (Ref. 64, p. 1, 2; Ref . 84, p. 6). Based upon findings of the remedial investigation and evaluation of current risks, U.S. EPA concluded that the landfill currently poses no immediate or long -term risks to human health and the environment. This conclusion is based on

current conditions of the lan d fill with the assumption that these conditions will not change. The EPA is requiring ground water monitoring and a five- year review of landfill conditions (Ref. 64 , p. 2 ; Ref. 84, p. 13).

Joe Boaz Site #2, CERCLIS ID# IND981094121

The Joe Boaz Site #2 is 1 / 3 mile west of the Garden City intersection (Ref. 65, p. 4) . The site was an approximately 2 acre low

- lying area which was filled in with various waste materials by the owner. The depth of the fill was estimated to be less than 8 feet (Ref. 65, p. 3). No records of operation were kept. Cummins Engine had no records of their TCE contaminated was te going to this location (Ref . 65, pp. 1, 8, 16). A Preliminary Assessment was conducted and the facility was recommended for no further

action in September 1985 (Ref. 25, pp. 15, 16).

Devening Block Company Property (no CERCLIS or U.S. EPA ID#)

Deve ning Block (aka Horn Precast), 895 Jonesville Road, is a manufacturer of concrete block and other concrete products. Devening is not a generator of hazardous waste and there is no record of TCE being

used at the facility . The property is approximately 9 acres used for offices, parking, product manufacturing and storage. Prior to 1968, a large lagoon or gravel pit was present on the property. This pit was filled in and the Devening Block office and parking lot currently occupy much of the space (Ref. 7, Attachment E). Two ground water well samples and several direct-push grab samples (soil, 7.5’ to 17’ bgs, and ground water , 8’ to 17.7’ bgs) were taken on the property (Ref. 7, pp. 12, 40~49; Ref. 77, pp. 6, 9~19). All results were below background excep t one well sample taken from a spigot in the office building bathroom (Ref. 77, p. 9). This sample (E2S79) exceeded the MCL for TCE. This water is not used for drinking purposes and was not used in scoring (Ref. 7, pp. 29~32).

3.0 GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY

3.0.1 General Considerations The ground water contamination plume as so ciated with the Garden City Ground Water Plume is located

in an area comprising a buried bedrock valley, bordered on the west by Mississippian- age Borden Group siltstone and shale, which forms the Knobstone Escarpment (Ref. 89, p. 4). The bedrock which forms the valley floor consists of relatively nonresistant black shale of the New Albany Group (Ref. 89, p. 4; Ref. 98, pp. 41, 45). The unconsolidated deposits within this val ley consist of r e cent alluvial silts and sands overlying, in part, extensive sand and gravel outwash deposits of the Quaternary- age29 Athe rton Formation (Ref. 95, p. 1 ). In the area of interest, the sand and gravel is approximately 70-100 feet thick (Ref. 8 8, p.1; Ref. 96, p.8) ( Figure 1-4 of this HRS documentation rec ord ).

The surficial soils in the area of Garden City consist of Shoals Silt Loam and Nineveh Gravelly Loam (Ref. 92, p. 754). The Shoals Silt Loam is a deep, well drained and somewhat poorly drained, medium textured and moderately fine textured, nearly level soils on bottom lands (Ref. 92, pp. 73, 74). Nineveh Gravelly Loam is a deep, well drained, medium textured soil found on terraces (Ref. 92, pp. 60, 61).

Disturbed areas are located o n both sides of State Road 11, north of County Road 100 South and on most of the Miller Salvage property (Ref. 86, pp. 12, 15; Ref. 7, pp. 195-197).

Aerial photography of the area of interest indicates that numerous gravel pits were opened and filled

from the 1930s until the 1960s (Ref. 7, pp. 195-197 ). Other low areas and l agoons/gravel pits have been brought to grade with assorted fill (Ref. 7, pp. 10, 195 -197 ).

3.0.1.2 Aquifer Boundaries Aquifer Name: Unconsolidated Sand and Gravel

The bedrock formations of the Columbus area generally yield only small quantities of water to wells (Ref. 89, p. 8 ) and are some of the poorest water

- bearing formations in the state (Ref . 85, p. 11 ). The major ground water sources are confined to the sand and gravel deposits of the East Fork of the White River (Ref. 85, p. 11 ). The central part of Bartholomew County is crossed by a large gravel- filled va l ley (Ref . 89, p. 7 ). Extensive surficial Wisconsinan till deposits border the valley to the east and ap pears to

par tially underlie the outwash valley deposits (Ref. 95, p. 1; Ref. 86, p. 27). There are no aquifer discontinuities such as mountain ranges, oceans, or faults (Ref. 95, p. 1 ; Ref . 97, p. 1 ). The gra v el

- filled valley extends north-south through the study ar ea and is approximately 4 miles wide at the site ( Ref. 86, p. 31 ; Ref. 95, p. 1; Ref. 96, p. 8 ). The sand and gravel outwash deposits of the Atherton Formation form a large ground water reservoir which is utilized as the drinking water source for the city of Columbus (Ref. 86, p. 30; Ref. 95, p. 1 ). This is an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer (Ref. 86, pp. 2~19). In the Garden City area, well logs indicate that the unconsolidated deposits are approximately 70 to 90 feet thick and directly overlie the shale bedrock (Ref. 86, p. 30; Ref. 88, p. 1 ). The more recent alluvium forms an undulating surficial layer that increases in thickness to a maximum of 25 feet near the

Mi ller Salvage property and the East Fork of the White River (Ref. 86, p. 30 ).

Ground water is under water table conditions and the streams are in hydraulic connection with the

aqu ifer (Ref. 93, p. 8 ). The narrowing of this bedrock valley downstream from Columbus acts somewhat as a drain, causing an increase in ground water runoff to the stream (Ref. 93, pp. 4, 8-9 ). The depth to ground water ranges from 0 to approximately 30 feet, and varies depende nt on stream proximity and seasonal variations (Ref. 86, p. 30 ). The hydraulic conductivity in the aquifer is between 200 and 400 ft/day (Ref. 87, pp. 48, 49 ).

The regional ground water flow in the aquifer is predominantly to the south, and follows the East Fork of the White River (Ref. 86, p. 30 ).30 Ground Water Usage The Garden City community is served by individual private potable wells (Ref. 7, p. 9). Most of the known private wells are between 40 and 60 feet deep (Ref. 7, p. 15; Ref. 16, pp. 12, 38-43, 53-55, 59-

60 ). The city of Columbus municipal water supply wells are located at the fairground about 700-1000

feet southwest of the grou nd water plume and about 3000-6000 feet south of the ground water plume in the agricultural area adjacent to the river (Ref. 91 , p. 1 ). These wells are 80 -100 feet deep and typically screened at the base of the aquifer on top of the bed rock (Ref . 90, p. 1 ; Ref . 88, pp. 1-4 ).

SUMMARY OF AQUIFER(S) BEING EVALUATED

Aquifer

No. Aquifer Name Is Aquifer

Interconnect ed? (Y/N/NA) Is Aquifer

Continuous within

4- mile TDL? (Y/N) Is Aquifer Karst? (Y/N)

1 Unconsolidated Sand and Gravel Aquifer NA Y N

The Unconsol idated Sand and Gravel Aquifer is the only aquifer being evaluated.

3.1 LIKELIHOOD OF RELEASE

3.1.1 Observed Release Aquifer Be ing Evaluated: Unconsolidated Sand and G ravel Aquifer

Chemical Analysis Establishing an observed release by chemical analysis requires analytical evidence of a hazardous substance in the media significantly above background level. If the background concentration is not detected (or is less than the detection limit), an observed release is established when the sample

measur ement equals or exceeds its own Sample Quantitation Limit (SQL) and that of the background sample. If the SQL cannot be established, the U.S. EPA Contract

- Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) is used in place of the SQL (Ref. 1, Table 2-3, p. 60 ). The CRQL w as used in all IDEM ESI sampling.

Sa m ples were analyzed for the list of Trace level VOCs. The samples were analyzed according to CLP SOW SOM01.2 and reviewed according to the N ational Functional Guidelines for SOM01.2 and the

SOP for ESAT5/TechLaw Valida tion of Contract Laboratory Program Organic Data (Version 2.6) (Ref. 7, pp. 136, 137). All samples were collected, and sample locations were recorded using the

Global Positio n ing System (GPS), in accordance with the IDEM Site Investigation Quality Assuran ce Project Plan (Ref . 7, p. 11 ; Ref. 74, p. 1).

Background Ground Water Samples:

Three ground water samples, taken during the August 2011 ESI, are being utilized to illustrate the background contaminant levels in this HRS documentation record. Two shallo w samples (GW01/E2SB2, GW02/E2SB0), were collected up-gradient of the ground water plume via direct-push technology. These samples were taken at the top of the aquifer, approximately the same depth as other samples taken via direct -push (Ref. 7, p. 34, 36; Ref. 77, p. 1, 3)

The third sample ( GW20/ E2S42) was obtained from an unfiltered outside spigot at a residence on Jonesville Road (Ref. 7, p. 59; Ref. 77, p. 27) . The well is expected to be screened at appro x imately the same depth as residential well s in Garden City and is used to represent background constituents for the31 residential wells. A well log exists for the MHP showing a depth of 58’ deep. Well logs which are available in the area genera lly show private well depths between 40’ to 65’ deep ( Ref. 16, pp. 12, 38- 43, 53-55, 59-60; Ref. 66, pp. 2~6 ).

All background samples were collected from the same aquifer being evaluated . T he gravel

- filled valley extends north-south through the study area and the sand and gravel deposits are vertically continuous (Ref. 88, pp. 1-2; Ref. 90, p. 1; Ref. 95, p. 1; Ref. 96, p. 8 ).

None of the background samples exhibited any detect able concentrations of TCE.

Shallow Ground Water Background Sample s (Obtained by d irect -push technology)

IDEM

Loc. # U.S. EPA

CLP # Sample

Date Location Hazardous

Substance Sample

Concentration Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) Depth (Feet) Reference

GW01 E2SB2 8/9/11 Approx.

1mile north of

the Garden City

interse c tion TCE 0.5 U ug/l 0.5 ug/l 15’

be low ground

surfac e (bgs) Ref. 7, p. 31 ; Ref. 62, p. 4 ; Ref. 70, pp.

31

, 32, 58-59; Ref. 77, p. 1

GW02 E2SB0 8/9/11 Approx.

1⁄4 mile north

of the Garden City

interse c tion TCE 0 .5 U ug/l 0.5 ug/l 11’ bgs Ref.7, p. 31 ; Ref. 62, p. 4 Ref. 68, pp.

45

, 82 -83; Ref. 77, p. 3

U = The analyte was analyzed for, but was not detected above the reported sample quantitation limit (Ref. 7, p. 141).

Intermediate Ground Water Background Sample (Obtained from residential drinking water well)

IDEM

Loc. # U.S. EPA

CLP # Sample

Date Loc ation Hazardous

Substance Sample

Concentration Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) Depth (Feet) Reference

GW20 E2S42 8/9/11 300 block**

Kenmill Street TCE 0.5 ug/l U 0.5 ug/l Estimated

between 40’~65’bgs Ref. 6, pp. 38

- 43, 53

- 55, 59

- 60;

Ref.7 , p. 3 2; Ref. 62, p. 1; Ref. 66, pp. 3, 5; Ref. 68, pp. 11

, 75 ; Ref. 77, p.

27

**Private residence
U = The analyte was analyzed for, but was not detected above the reported sample quan titation limit (Ref. 7, p. 141)32 Contaminated Ground Water Samples:

Table A. Observed Release Con centrations in Ground Water Samples Table (Residential Wells) ***

IDEM

Loc. # U.S. EPA

CLP # Sample

Date Location Hazardous

Su

b stance Sample

Concentration Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL) Depth References

GW05 E2S8 0 8/9/11 Garden City

MHP TCE 2.2 μg/l 0.5 μg/l 58’bgs.

Intermediate Ref.7, 31 Ref. 62, p. 2 Ref. 68,

pp. 31

, 81 Ref. 77, p. 7

GW06 E2S81
*Duplicate

of

E2S80 8/9/11 Garden City

MHP

Same location as

GW05 TCE 2.2 ug/l 0.5 μg/l 58’bgs.

Intermediate Ref.7, p. 31 Ref. 62, p. 2 Ref. 68,

pp. 33

, 81 Ref. 77, p. 8

GW13 E2S45 8/9/11 900 block

Jonesville

Road** TCE 15 ug/l 0.5 μg/l Unknown but

assumed

Intermediate Ref.7, p. 31 ; Ref. 62, p. 1 Ref. 68, pp. 17 , 7 7 Ref. 77, p. 20

GW15 E2S48 8/9/11 900 block

Jonesville

Road** TCE 2.9 ug/l 0.5 μg/l Unknown but

assumed

Intermediate Ref. 7, p. 31 Ref. 62, p. 1 Ref. 68, pp. 23

, 78-79 Ref. 77, p. 22

GW18 E2S49 8/9/11 900 block

Jonesville

Road** TCE 2.5 ug/l 0.5 μg/l Unknown but

assumed

Intermediate R ef. 7, p. 32 Ref. 62, p. 1 Ref. 68, pp. 25

, 78-79 Ref. 77, p. 25

GW 19 E2S47 8/9/11 1000 block

Jonesville

Road** TCE 4.2 ug/l 0.5 μg/l Unknown but

assumed

Intermediate Ref. 7, p. 32 Ref. 62, p. 1 Ref. 68, pp. 21

, 76-77 Ref. 77, p. 26

* *Private residen ce ***These samples also all qualify as Level I Concentrations.

Table B. Observed Release Con centrations in Ground Water Samples Table (Commercial W ells)

IDEM

Loc. # U.S. EPA

CLP # Sample

Date Location Hazardous

Substance Sample

Concentration Contract

Re quired Quantitation Limit (CRQL Depth References

GW04 E2S82 8/9/11 Musillami’s

D rive -I n 855

Jonesville

Road TCE 1.3 ug/l 0.5 ug/l Reported by

owner at 24’bgs.

Shallow or

Intermediate Ref. 7, p. 31

Ref. 20, p 1 Ref. 62, p. 2 Ref. 68, pp. 35

, 80

- 81

Ref. 77, p. 6

GW12 * E2S79 8/9/11 Devening Office Bldg.

895

Jone s ville

Road TCE 15 ug/l 0.5 ug/l Unknown

but assumed

Intermediate Ref. 7, p. 31 Ref. 62, p. 2 Ref. 68, pp. 29

, 78-79 Ref. 77, p. 1933 *Not used for drinking water.

Table C. Level II * Con centrat ions in Ground Water Sample Table (Residential W ell )

IDEM

Loc. # U.S. EPA

CLP # Sample

Date Location Hazardous

Substance Sample

Concentration Contract Required Quantitation Limit (CRQL ) Depth References

GW16 E2S41 8/9/11 800 block

Jonesville

Road** TCE 0 .71 ug/l 0.5 ug/l Unknown but

assumed

Intermediate Ref. 7, p. 31 Ref. 62, p. 1 Ref. 68,

pp. 9

, 75 Ref. 77, p. 23

* Level II concentrations are established whenever actual contamination is present, but Level I concentration requirements have not been

met . (Ref. 2, p. 1)

** Private residence

An observed r elease has been determined through chemical analysis pursuant to the HRS (Ref. 1,

Se ction 3.1.2, p. 66 ).

Ground Water Observed Release Factor Value: 550

Level I Sample Table for Residential and Commercia l Wells

U.S. EPA

CLP # Contaminant Sample

Concentration Superfund Chemical Data

Ma trix (SCDM)

Ground Water Cancer Risk Screening Concentration

March 2012 References

E2S80 Trichloroethene (TCE) 2.2 μg/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 68,

pp. 31 , 81

E2S81 *Duplicate

of E2S80 Trichloroethene (TCE) 2.2 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 68,

pp. 33, 81

E2S45 Trichloroethene (TCE) 15 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 68, pp. 17, 77

E2S48 Trichloroethene (TCE) 2.9 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 68, pp 23,

78

- 79

E2S49 Trichloroethene (TCE) 2.5 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p.10

, Ref. 68, pp. 25,

78

- 79

E2S47 Trichloroethene (TCE) 4.2 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 68, pp. 21,

76

- 77

E2S82 Trichloroethene (TCE) 1.3 ug/l 1.0 ug/l Ref. 2, p. 10

, Ref. 20, p. 1 Ref. 68, pp. 35, 36, 80

- 8134 3.1.2 Potential to Release

As specified in the HRS, since an observed release was established

, the potential to release was not

sc ored (Ref. 1, Section 3.1.2, p. 66 ).

Attribution As described in the Site Summary section and Section 2.2, a direct link between known areas of waste disposal or other contamination and the ground water contamination in the Garden City wells could not be made despite numerous investigations by private consultants, IDEM, and U.S. EPA. Therefore, the

source is evaluated as a ground water plume with no identified source.

3.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

3.2.1 Toxicity/Mobil it y

The f ollo wing to xicity, mo bili ty and combined toxicity/mobility fac tor value s have b ee n assign ed to
those substan ce s p re sen t in the observed rel ea se

.

Hazar dous

Sub st an ce Sou r ce N o. ( an d/ or
O bse rv ed

Releas e) Toxic ity

Fac to r Val ue Mo bi lit y

Fac tor

Val ue * D oes Haz ardous

Sub st an ce Mee t

O bse rv ed

Releas e by Chemi cal

A na lysi s? (Y/N) Toxic it y /

Mo bi lit y Referen ces

T CE Observ ed
Rele ase 1,000 1 Yes 1,000 Ref. 2, p. 10

* All h azardous substan ce s tha t m ee t the cr it er ia for an obs er ved rel ea se by chemica l analy sis to o ne o r more aqui fer s und er lying the sour ce( s) a t the sit e, regardless of the aquifer being evaluated, ar e assigned a mobility fac tor value of 1 (R ef . 1, S ec tion 3.2.1.2, p. 72).

Contam in ant ch ara ct er is t ic va lu es for haz ar dous sub st an ce s f ound in a n o bs er ved re lea se to the ground

water were derived fr om the Superfund Chemi ca l D a ta Matr ix (R ef . 2, pp . 9, 10). The haz ar dous

substance with the highe st to xicity/mobility f ac tor value ava il ab le to the gr ound w ater mig ra tion pathway is TC E (1,000). TC E wa s d et ec ted at con ce nt ra tions meeting observed release criteria in the Garden City MHP, Musillami’s, and several residence wells.

Toxici ty/Mob ili ty Fa ct or Val ue: 1,000 (R ef . 1, Sec ti on 3.2.1.3, p. 73)

3.2.2 Haz ard ous Waste Qua nt ity

Sour ce No. Sour ce Ty pe Sour ce Hazardous W as te Quan tit y

1 Other Unknown, but >035 The Garden City Ground Water Plume s ite is sco re d a s a site consis ting of a contaminated ground

wate r pl ume with no identified so ur ce . A cc ording to Section 2.4.2.2 in the HRS, if any targe t for the migration pathway is subject to Level I (or Level II ) con ce ntrations and the hazardous constituent quantity is not adequately determined , assign either the value fr om Table 2-6 or a value of 100,

whi chever is great er , as the haz ar dous was te quantity factor value for tha t pathway. Be ca us e Level I

concentra tio n s w er e p re sen t in a dr in king water we ll , a haz ar dous waste quantity factor value of 100

is assigned for the ground water pathway.

Ha zardous Waste Quantity Fa ct or Va lue: 100 (R ef . 1, Sec ti on 2.4.2.2, p. 63 )

3.2.3 Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value As specified in the HRS (Ref. 1, Section 3.2.3, p. 73 ), the Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value of 100 was multiplied by the highest Toxicity/Mobility Value of 1 ,000 resulting in a product of 100,000 (1.0E+05 ). Based on this product, a Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value of 18 was assigned

from T able 2 -7 of the HRS (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.3.1, p. 63 ).

Utilizing TCE, as listed in Section 3.2.1 of this HRS documentation record, the Waste

Chara c teristics Factor Category Value is calculated as follows:

Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value: 1,000 Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

Toxicity/Mobility Factor Value (1,000) x Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value (100) = 100,000 = 1 X 10 5 = 18 from Table 2 -7. Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 18

3.3 GROUND WATER PATHWAY TARGETS The grou nd water pathway targets utilize the ground water in the Unconsolidated Sand and Gravel Aquifer for drinking water purposes (Ref. 85, p. 11 ; Ref. 86, p. 30; Ref. 88, p. 1; Ref. 15, p. 2). This ground water has been contaminated with TCE , as shown in Section 3.1.1 of this HRS docu mentation

record . The number of target wells and estimated population subject to Level I concen tration of TCE is given in section 3.3.2.2 of this HRS documentation record. Data from the 2010 U.S. Census approximates an average po pulation of 2.5 persons per household in Bartholomew County (Ref. 13, p.

1 ).

3.3.1 Near es t Well Sample I Ds: E2S80, E2S81, E2S82, E2S45, E2S48, E2S49, E2S47

Leve l of Contamination: Leve l I If potentia l contam in a ti on, distance fr om source in m il e s: No t Ap p li ca b le

Ground water samples taken from potable wells surrounding the intersection of Jonesville Road and County Road 100 S. exhibited TCE above its CRSC benchmark. Based on the sampling results , 51

residences have TCE contamination in their drinkin g water above the Cancer Risk Screening

Concentration benchmark (1.0 ug/l) prior to treatment (Ref. 2, p. 10). Please see tables in S ection

3.1.1 of this HRS documentation record.36 As sp ecified in the HRS (R ef . 1, Section 3.2.1.3, Table 3-11, p. 74), if one or more drinking wate r we lls

are subjec t to Level I con ce ntra tio n s, a N ea re st We ll F ac tor Value of 50 is assigned. Level I

con ce ntrations have bee n documented in drinking water at the Garden City Mobile Home Park, Musillami’s, and in 4 residences south of the Garden City intersection.

Neare st We ll Fa ct or Va lue: 50

3.3.2 Population

3.3.2.1 Level of Contamination

3.3.2.2 Level I Concentrations Sampling at the Garden City Mobile Home Park revealed at least 47 residences with drinking water subje ct to Level I TCE contamination (Ref. 11, p. 2; Section 3.1.1 of this HRS documentation

re c ord) . Additional sampling at 4 private residences recorded TCE Level I contamination.

Musillami’s commercial well also exhibited Level I TCE Contamination. This w ell serves 12 employees (Ref. 20, p. 1; Ref. 71, p. 1 ). One additional commercial well at Devening Block also

exhibited Level I co ntamination but this well is not utilized for drinking purposes.

As specified in the HRS (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.2.2, p. 74 ), t he number of people served by drinking water from points of withdrawal subject to Level I concentrations was calculated. The total population counted was calculated as follows:

Four single family dwellings plus 47 mobile homes were totaled for 51 residences. An average of 2.5 people per residence was multiplied times 51 equaling a residential population of 127.5. One

co mmercial well serving 12 people was added to the residential population equaling a total Level I population of 139.5.

4 Residen tial h omes with private wells exceeding Level I

47 Mobile homes serviced by the Garden City Mobile Home Park wate r system well exceeding Level I

51 Total r esidences exceeding Level I

51 X 2.5 residents per home = 1 27.5 residents

12 employees of Mussilami’s D rive -In restaurant using water system well exceeding

Level I

127.5 = R esident Population

12.0 = E mployee Population 139.5 X 10 (Level I) = 1,395 (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.2.2, p. 74)37 Level I Samples Aquifer Population References

E2S80/E2S81(GW 0 5/ 0 6) Unconsolidated

Sa nd

and Gravel 117.5 Ref. 7, pp. 29~32, 39

- 40, 166~169

Ref. 11, p. 2

E2S45 (GW13) Unconsolidated

Sand

and Gravel 2.5 Ref. 7, pp. 29~32, 52, 152

- 153

Ref. 13, p. 1

E2S48 (GW15) Unconsolidated

Sand

and Gravel 2.5 Ref. 7, pp. 29~32, 54, 158

- 159

Ref. 13, p. 1

E2S49 (GW18) Unconsolidated

Sand

and Gravel 2.5 Ref. 7, pp. 29~32, 57, 160

- 161

Ref. 13, p. 1

E2S47 (GW19) Unconsolidated

Sand

and Gravel 2.5 Ref . 7, pp. 29~32, 58, 156

- 157

Ref. 13, p. 1

E2S82 (GW 0 4) Unconsolidated

Sand

and Gravel 12 Ref. 7, pp. 29~32, 38, 170

- 171 Ref. 20, p. 1

The sum of the population was multiplied times 10 for a Level I Concentrations Factor Value of 1,395 (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.2.2, p. 74). Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 1,395

3.3.2.3 Level II Concentrations

One residence exhibited TCE contamination above background concentrations indicating Level II

co n tamination

. 1 x 2.5 = 3 (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.2.3, p. 74)

Level II Concentration Factor Value: 3

3.3.2.4 Potential Contamination

Potential Contamination was not calculated . The Garden City Ground Water Plume has sufficient Level I and II targets to exceed the maximum value (100) for this pathway.

3.3.3 Resources

The ground water in the Unconsolidated Sand and G ravel Aquifer is used for livestock and irrig a tion within the target distance limit. Irrigation equipment was in place and well log records

desi g nate some wells for livestock and irrigation. A Re source Factor value of 5 is assigned (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.3, p. 75 ; Ref. 66, p. 12; Ref . 76, pp. 1~4 ).

Resources Factor Value: 538 3.3.4 Wellhead Protection Area The entire ground water plume lies within the southern Wellhead Protection Area of the City of

Columbus’ well field (Fig.1 -6 of this HRS documentation record ). Wellhead Protection Areas are

desi gnated by IDEM in accordance with Section 1428 of the Safe Water Drinking Act (Ref. 79, pp. 1, 7; Ref. 91 ). Therefore, the Wellhead Prote c tion Area Fac tor Value of 20 is assigned (Ref. 1, Section 3.3.4, p. 75 ).

Wellhead Protection Area Value: 20

3.3.5 Calculation of Targets Factor Value The target factor value is calculated by determining the sum of the factor values for the nearest well (50), population (1,398), resources (5), and Wellhead Protection Area (20), (Ref. 1 Section 3.3.5, p.

75 ).

50.0 + 1,398 + 5.0+ 20.0 = 1,473

3.4 G ROUND WATER MIGRATION SCORE The Ground Water Migration Score for the Garden City Ground Water Plume is calculated by multipl y ing the factor category values for Likelihood of Release (550), Waste Characteristics ( 18), and Targets ( 1473), divided by 82,500. The resulting value (with a maximum value of 100) is assigned as the ground water migration pathway score.

(550 x 18 x 1,473) / 82,500 = 176.76 or a maximum value of 100.00 (Ref. 1, p. 78)

3.5 CALCULATION OF GROUND WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY SCORE

The maximum value (100) was assigned to Ground Water Migration Pathway.

G round W ater Migration Pathway Score =

100.00 (Ref. 1, p. 78)