Interim Decision *1665 

MATTER OF MennioA 

In Visa Petition Proceedings 

A-11276815 

Decided by Board November 18, 1966 

Acknowledgment alone of benenclary, born out of wedlock in the Philippines, 

by petitioner, her alleged natural father, does not constitute legitimation 

since, under the law of the Philippines, legitimation is accomplished by the 

marriage of the natural parents and the acknowledgment by them of such 

child either before or after the marriage. 

The case comes forward on appeal from the order of the District 

Director, San Francisco District, dated September 19, 1966 denying 

the visa petition for the reason that no evidence has been presented 

that the beneficiary has been legitimated in accordance with the laws 

of the Philippine Islands or the State of California; it is concluded 

that the beneficiary is not a child as defined in section 101(b) (1) of 

the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. 

The petitioner, a native of the 'Philippines, a citizen of the United 

States by naturalization on August 8, 1917, male, 58 years bid, seeks 

preference quota status on behalf of his married illegitimate daughter, a native and citizen of the Philippines, 39 years old. The beneficiary was married at Mambusao, Capiz on December 25, 1941 to 

Manuel Maungca. The petitioner himself was married oh August22, 

1946 at Reno, Nevada. However, in view of the fact that the beneficiary is described as his illegitimate daughter, it- may be safely 

assumed that he married someone other than the natural mother of 

the beneficiary. 

Evidence has been presented that the birth records and -baptismal 

records in Itambisao, Capii, Philippines, were lost, destroyed or 

burned during the Japanese occupation. In connection with his 

appeal the petitioner claimed that he acknowledged that- the beneficiary was his child since the time of her birth and -that'he supported 

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Interim Decision #1665 

her until she was married. There have been submitted the joint affidavits of Carlos V. Andaya, Vicente De La Cana and Andres Latosa, 

all of Mambusao, Cr,piz, Philippines executed May 10, 1966 to the 

effect that the beneficiary was born of Juliana Ledonio, is the natural child of the petitioner who acknowledged her to be his natural 

child even at and after her birth and on his return to his native town 

sometime in March 1966; that they know all these facts because they 

were present at the baptism of the child and were witnesses to the 

records of her birth and to her acknowledgement as the natural child 

of the petitioner, the petitioner has disclosed the same, and it is a 

well-known fact in the community. 

For the purpose of this proceeding it will be assumed that the beneficiary is the illegitimate natural acknowledged child of the petitioner. However, .Article 270 of the Civil Code of the Philippines 

(1949) provides that legitimation shall take place by the subsequent 

marriage between the parents (Article 120 of the old Civil -Code). 

Article 269 provides that children born out of wedlock of parents, 

who at the time of the conception of the child, were not disqualified 

by any impediment to marry each other, are natural. Article 271 

provides that only natural children who have been recognized by the 

parents before or after the celebration of the marriage or have been 

declared natural children by final judgment may be considered legiti3nated. by a subsequent marriage (Article 121a of the old Civil 

Code). It has been held that in ardor that a natural child may be 

ligitimated by the subsequent marriage of the parents, such child 

must have been acknowledged by them either before or after the marriage. Madredejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil. 1. 

It, therefore, appears from the provisions of the Philippine Civil 

Code that acknowledgement alone is not enough to constitute legiti-. 

mation which is accomplished by the subsequent marriage of the 

parents of natural children who have been recognized. Accordingly, 

legitimation according to Philippine law has not been established. 

The record does not contain enough facts to determine whether 

there has been a legitimation pursuant to section 230 of the Civil 

Code of California, where the petitioner now resides. It is noted 

that the beneficiary was married at the age of 14 years. The petitioner has not raised the question of legitimation under section 230 of 

the California Civil Code, but has argued that his acknowledgement 

of the beneficiary entitled her to be his heir. While the latter argument may be true, acknowledgement alone under the Civil Code of 
Interim Decision #I885 

the Philippines does not constitute legitimation. In the event that 

the petitioner secures a judgment of legitimation pursuant to section 

280 of the California Civil Code by a competent court, the matter 

may be reopened. 

ORDER: It is ordered that the appeal be and the same is hereby 

dismissed. 

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