RENDERED: AUGUST 23, 2024; 10:00 A.M.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED

Commonwealth of Kentucky

Court of Appeals

NO. 2024-CA-0144-ME

G.H. APPELLANT 

v. 

APPEAL FROM FRANKLIN FAMILY COURT

HONORABLE SQUIRE WILLIAMS, III, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 23-AD-00036

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY, 

CABINET FOR HEALTH AND 

FAMILY SERVICES; C.M.D.; AND 

K.M.H., A CHILD APPELLEES 

AND

NO. 2024-CA-0147-ME

G.H. APPELLANT 

v. 

APPEAL FROM FRANKLIN FAMILY COURT

HONORABLE SQUIRE WILLIAMS, III, JUDGE

ACTION NO. 23-AD-00037

COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY, 

CABINET FOR HEALTH AND 

FAMILY SERVICES; C.M.D.; AND 

K.D.H., A CHILD APPELLEES 
-2-

OPINION

AFFIRMING

**   **  **

BEFORE: CETRULO, L. JONES, AND LAMBERT, JUDGES.

LAMBERT, JUDGE: In these expedited, consolidated appeals, G.H. (Father) 

appeals from the Franklin Family Court’s findings of fact, conclusions of law, and 

judgment terminating parental rights to his two minor children, K.D.H. (Daughter) 

and K.M.H. (Son; collectively the Children). In accordance with A.C. v. Cabinet 

for Health and Family Services, 362 S.W.3d 361 (Ky. App. 2012), counsel for 

Father filed an Anders1 brief asserting that there are no proper grounds for relief, 

along with a motion to withdraw as counsel. After careful review, we affirm and 

grant counsel’s motion to withdraw via separate order.

Daughter was born in 2009 and Son was born in 2013. The Cabinet 

became involved with the family in 2017 due to concerns with the Children’s 

mother’s substance abuse. The Children were removed from parental care but 

were reunited with Father in 2019. However, in 2022, Father was arrested for 

allegedly sexually abusing two juveniles (not Daughter or Son). At that time, 

Mother was incarcerated. Therefore, on April 1, 2022, the Cabinet for Health and 

Family Services (the Cabinet) filed a petition for emergency custody of the 

1 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S. Ct. 1396, 18 L. Ed. 2d 493 (1967).
-3-

Children. That petition was granted soon thereafter, and the Children were placed 

in foster care, where they have remained continuously.

Even though Father was in jail, the Cabinet established a case plan for

him. The essential portions of the plan required Father to complete a substance 

abuse assessment and a mental health assessment, complete parenting classes, and 

obtain and maintain stable housing and employment. Meanwhile, the Children 

were initially placed with a family member. Son continues to reside with that 

family member. However, Daughter has experienced mental health challenges 

which have resulted in her being moved into a therapeutic foster home.

In July 2023, the Cabinet filed a petition to involuntarily terminate

Father’s parental rights to the Children.

2

 A final hearing on that petition was held 

in October 2023, at which time the criminal charges against Father were still 

pending. Thus, Father’s counsel stated that Father would decline to testify based 

upon his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination. 

Mother testified, recalling her lengthy history of substance addiction 

and resulting lengthy periods of incarceration. Julie Snawder, a supervisor with 

the Child Protective Services department of the Cabinet also testified. Snawder 

testified that Father had been in jail continuously since the Children were removed 

2 The Cabinet also successfully sought to terminate the parental rights of the Children’s mother. 

We address Mother’s appeal from that decision in a separate opinion. 
-4-

and had not initiated contact with the Cabinet during that time. According to 

Snawder, Father had not undergone mental health or substance abuse assessments 

or completed parenting classes. Father has had no contact with the Children since 

April 2022 and has not provided material care for them during that time. Snawder 

recognized Father may not have been able to complete his case plan while in jail. 

However, she testified that Father had not completed any aspects of the plan. 

The family court granted the Cabinet’s petition and terminated 

Father’s parental rights to the Children. Father then filed these appeals, one for 

Son (No. 2024-CA-0144-ME) and one for Daughter (No. 2024-CA-0147-ME), 

which we have ordered to be consolidated.

Terminating parental rights “is a scrupulous undertaking that is of the 

utmost constitutional concern.” Cabinet for Health and Family Services v. K.H., 

423 S.W.3d 204, 209 (Ky. 2014). Before parental rights may be involuntarily 

terminated, there must be clear and convincing evidence sufficient to satisfy the 

three-part test set forth in Kentucky Revised Statute (KRS) 625.090: “(1) the child 

is found or has been adjudged to be an abused or neglected child as defined in KRS 

600.020(1); (2) termination of the parent’s rights is in the child’s best interests; and 

(3) at least one of the termination grounds enumerated in KRS 625.090(2) . . . 

exists.” Id. Clear and convincing evidence “does not necessarily mean 

uncontradicted proof. It is sufficient if there is proof of a probative and substantial 
-5-

nature carrying the weight of evidence sufficient to convince ordinarily prudentminded people.” Commonwealth, Cabinet for Health and Family Services v. 

T.N.H., 302 S.W.3d 658, 663 (Ky. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citations 

omitted). 

Because “the trial court has wide discretion in terminating parental 

rights . . . our review is limited to a clearly erroneous standard which focuses on 

whether the family court’s order of termination was based on clear and convincing 

evidence.” K.H., 423 S.W.3d at 211. Under that tightly circumscribed standard, 

we afford “a great deal of deference to the family court’s findings” and may not 

“interfere with those findings unless the record is devoid of substantial evidence to 

support them.” Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). “When 

reviewing a family court’s determination of the best interests of a child, we must 

apply the abuse of discretion standard.” D.J.D. v. Cabinet for Health and Family 

Services, 350 S.W.3d 833, 837 (Ky. App. 2011).

Counsel for Father filed an Anders brief stating that the instant appeal 

is frivolous.3 The exceptionally terse Anders brief does not discuss any grounds to 

challenge the trial court’s judgment.4 Nonetheless, “we are obligated to 

3 We afforded Father the opportunity to submit a pro se brief, but he did not do so.

4 Even Anders briefs must comply with the mandatory briefing requirements found in Kentucky 

Rules of Appellate Procedure (RAP). See, e.g., A.C., 362 S.W.3d at 371 (discussing a failure to 

follow the briefing rules found in the former Kentucky Rule of Civil Procedure (CR) 76.12, 

which are essentially identical to those found in RAP). RAP 32(A)(3) requires an Appellant’s 
-6-

independently review the record and ascertain whether the appeal is, in fact, void 

of nonfrivolous grounds for reversal.” A.C., 362 S.W.3d at 372. 

The family court made the findings required in KRS 625.090 by clear 

and convincing evidence – specifically including 1) the Children were abused or 

neglected, 2) at least one ground of parental unfitness, and 3) termination being in 

the Children’s best interest based on the factors listed in KRS 625.090. And based 

upon our review of the record, substantial evidence supports those findings. 

First, the family court found that the Children were abused or 

neglected because, among other reasons, Father failed to provide essential parental 

care for the Children. See KRS 600.020(1)(a)4. Snawder gave unrebutted

testimony that Father has had no contact with, nor provided any material care for,

the Children since they were removed from his custody. Therefore, for reasons 

beyond Father’s incarceration alone, there was substantial evidence to support the 

family court’s conclusion that the Children were neglected. See, e.g., A.R.D. v. 

Cabinet for Health and Family Services, 606 S.W.3d 105, 110-11 (Ky. App. 2020) 

(noting that parental rights cannot be terminated due solely to the parent’s 

opening brief to provide a statement of the case which contains “ample references to the specific 

location in the record supporting each of the statements contained in the summary.” Father’s 

Anders brief contains zero citations to the trial court record. Moreover, the brief fails to comply 

with the requirement in RAP 32(E)(1)(d) that the appendix to a brief must be preceded by an 

index which “shall set forth where each document may be found in the record.” We have 

leniently elected to not impose sanctions, but caution counsel not to expect such leniency again.
-7-

incarceration but parental absences due to court orders may be considered in 

determining neglect). 

Second, the family court’s conclusion that termination of Father’s 

parental rights was in the Children’s best interest was supported by substantial 

evidence and was not an abuse of discretion. KRS 625.090(3) provides that:

In determining the best interest of the child and the 

existence of a ground for termination, the Circuit Court 

shall consider the following factors:

(a) Mental illness as defined by KRS 202A.011(9), or an 

intellectual disability as defined by KRS 202B.010(9) of 

the parent as certified by a qualified mental health 

professional, which renders the parent consistently 

unable to care for the immediate and ongoing physical or 

psychological needs of the child for extended periods of 

time;

(b) Acts of abuse or neglect as defined in KRS 

600.020(1) toward any child in the family;

(c) If the child has been placed with the cabinet, whether 

the cabinet has, prior to the filing of the petition made 

reasonable efforts as defined in KRS 620.020[5]to reunite 

the child with the parents unless one or more of the 

circumstances enumerated in KRS 610.127 for not 

requiring reasonable efforts have been substantiated in a 

written finding by the District Court;

(d) The efforts and adjustments the parent has made in 

his circumstances, conduct, or conditions to make it in 

the child’s best interest to return him to his home within a 

5 KRS 620.020(13) defines reasonable efforts as “the exercise of ordinary diligence and care by 

the department to utilize all preventive and reunification services available to the community . . . 

which are necessary to enable the child to safely live at home[.]”
-8-

reasonable period of time, considering the age of the 

child;

(e) The physical, emotional, and mental health of the 

child and the prospects for the improvement of the 

child’s welfare if termination is ordered; and

(f) The payment or the failure to pay a reasonable portion 

of substitute physical care and maintenance if financially 

able to do so.

There is no indication Father has been diagnosed with a mental 

illness. We have already determined that there was substantial evidence the 

Children were abused or neglected. The Family Court did not err in concluding the 

Cabinet had made reasonable reunification efforts, but Father had made no 

adjustments to enable reunification (such as working on his case plan). Indeed, 

Snawder testified that she was unaware of any other services the Cabinet could 

have offered which would have allowed for reunification within a reasonable 

period. There was no indication that Father would be released from custody and 

provide a stable, responsible home for the Children within a reasonable period of 

time. Snawder also gave unrebutted testimony that the Children’s physical, 

emotional, and mental health needs had been met, and would continue to be met, 

while they were in the Cabinet’s care. Finally, it is uncontested that, since the 

filing of the termination petition, Father contributed nothing towards the care and 

maintenance of the Children.
-9-

Finally, we turn to whether at least one ground of parental unfitness in 

KRS 625.090(2) had been satisfied by clear and convincing evidence. Though the 

evidence would support a finding of unfitness on additional grounds, it is 

uncontested that the Children were in foster care for fifteen of the forty-eight 

months preceding the filing of the termination petition (from early April 2022 to 

early July 2023). KRS 625.090(2)(j). Accordingly, we do not need to address any 

other grounds listed in KRS 625.090(2). T.N.H., 302 S.W.3d at 663 (“Under the 

language of KRS 625.090(2), the existence of only one of the grounds in that 

section needs to be proven by clear and convincing evidence.”). 

For the foregoing reasons, the Franklin Family Court is affirmed.

ALL CONCUR.

BRIEFS FOR APPELLANT:

Joseph P. Bowman

Frankfort, Kentucky

BRIEF FOR APPELLEE:

Leslie M. Laupp

Covington, Kentucky