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CULTURA L RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS^^ ?

OF TH E APACH E TAILING S AREA, OPERABLE UNIT 7, CALIFORNI A GULC H SUPERFUN D SITE , LAK E COUNTY,COLORAD O

TEXT AN D APPENDICES A-B

MARILYN A. MARTORAN O DAVI D KILLAM TEDHOEFERII I

Submitted to

ASARCO,INC .

Submitted by

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc.

3 50 Indian a St. , Suite 415 Golden , GO 80401

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . Cultural Resources Report No. 21

November 28, 1995
CULTURA L RESOURCES INVESTIGATION S O F TH E APACH E TAILIN G AREA, OPERABLE UNIT 7, CALIFORNI A GULC H SUPERFUN D SITE , LAKE COUNTY , COLORADO

DAT E OF CULTURA L RESOURCES FIELD WORK: Augus t 15 an d 16, 1995.

PURPOS E OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK: The Apach e Tailing s Area, OU 7,

is proposed for removal actions and/o r remedial actions as part of the California Gulch Superfun d Sit e activities . T o assess thi s area for potential

historical significance , an intensive survey was conducted of the edge of the

tailing s and an area approximatel y 100 fee t (30 meters) away from the

tailings . The cultural resources investigation s were conducted for Asarco, Inc. Tabl e 1 include s a management summary for thi s project .

PROJECT OBJECTIVES: The objective of the projec t was to survey al l areas

that may be impacted visuall y and/o r by potential groun d disturbin g

activities , an d to compl y with al l applicabl e Federa l legislation . Federa l

agencies , includin g the U.S . Environmental Protectio n Agenc y (EPA) , are mandated by a number of Federal regulations , statutes and executive orders

to inventory , evaluate and assess cultural resources located on Federa l

lands , or on private lands that may be impacted by land-alterin g project s

involvin g Federa l fundin g or action. Thi s legislatio n include s the Nationa l Histori c Preservation Act of 1966 (as amended 1980 and 1992) , and Nationa l Environmental Polic y Ac t o f 1969 (NEPA) . Al l o f the cultural

resources investigation s conducted for ASARCO for the Apache Tailin g Area, OU 7, meet or exceed the requirement s of the above-cited legislation . T wo document s govern the cultural resources requirement s to meet Sectio n

1 06 of the National Historic Preservation Act for thi s project . The firs t

document i s the Programatic Agreemen t (PA) between the EPA, Colorado State Histori c Preservation Officer (SHPO) an d the National Advisor y Counci l

o n Histori c Preservatio n (amended 7/94) . Thi s agreement provide s

guideline s for an identificatio n and evaluation process, assessing the effect s

on and managemen t of historic properties , discovery of historic propertie s

durin g actions, involvement of interested parties , adherence to standards

a n d guidance , an d professional qualifications . In addition , the PA allowed

f or developmen t of the second document, an Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n (ID&E Plan) . Thi s document was finalized i n Ma y 1994 (Martoran o et

a l. 1994) and all work for thi s projec t was undertake n in accordance with

t he ID& E guidelines .

PROJEC T LOCATION AN D ARE A O F INVENTORY : Th e Apach e Tailin g Area

i s located in Lake Count y south of the town of Leadvill e (Figure 1) in Sectio n 25 , T9S , R80W (USG S Leadvill e South 7.5' , 1969) .

LAN D STATUS : Private

ACRES SURVEYED: A total of approximatel y 42 acres was surveyed

intensively . Figur e 2 shows the locatio n of the area surveyed.
TABL E 1 MANAGEMEN T SUMMAR Y

SIT E NUMBER / NAM E INDIVIDUA L NRH P RECOMMENDATIO N

DISTRIC T RECOMMENDATIO N

5LK890 / Apache Mil l an d Tailin g Pond N o t Eligibl e N o t Contributin g

5LK891/possibl e Eligible-Criterio n D

stamp mil l

Contributin g
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Figur e 1. Projec t Locatio n Map .

3
LEADVILL E

X - - . •• ...--TAILING S

- ., •"•„/' " ,.- POND./

GULCH J ^. yfO^---^__::

\ \. \

- — — - CONTOUR INTERVAL - 20

SCALE: M ap o f Area Surveyed 1"=250

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . Figur e 2. Map of areas surveyed.

4
PROJEC T PERSONNEL :

Marily n A . Martorano, (Principa l Investigator) , Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . David G . Killam , (Assistan t Archaeologist) , Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . T e d Hoefe r HI , (Assistan t Archaeologist) , Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc .

ENVIRONMENT :

Geolog y an d Physiograph y

T he California Gulch Superfun d site i s i n an d around Leadville , Colorado , i n

t he upper Arkansas Valle y between the Mosquito Range on the east and the Sawatch Range on the west. The valle y is considered the northern end of

t he Rio Grande Rift , a long, narrow landfor m that subsided when other part s

of the Souther n Rockies were uplifte d durin g the Miocen e an d Pliocene . T he Arkansas River flow s south through thi s downfaulted valley . Both the Mosquito Range an d Sawatch Range are part s of a singl e Laramide uplift ,

together formin g on e wide, faulted anticline . Sedimentar y rocks o n the Mosquito Range dip to the east while those on the Sawatch Range dip west. Grave l terraces merge upstream with glacia l moraines on both sides of the Arkansas Valle y and Leadvill e is located on these terraces. Above and east

of the town of Leadville , mineral s such as silver, gold , lead, and zinc are

foun d in ores deposited durin g the Laramide Orogeny as mineral-rich

solution s worked alon g fault s an d into the Devonian an d Mississippia n

limeston e layers . Fault s in the minin g area expose mineral-enriched rocks

on the surfac e in a stair-step fashio n up the slope above Leadvill e (Chroni c

1980; Tweto 1979).

T he elevatio n at the Apache Tailin g area i s approximatel y 10,100 fee t above

s ea level . Topograph y varies from nearly 0% slope in the Gulch drainage

bottom, to approximatel y 20% slope s alon g the south slope of Californi a Gulch . T he major drainage in QU 7 i s California Gulch , a permanen t stream flowin g northeast to southwest to its confluenc e with the Arkansas River (approximatel y two miles to the west). California Gulch currentl y flow s

beneath the tailing s pil e an d re-emerges adjacen t to the souther n edge of

t he Apache Tailin g Area.

Soil s

Distributio n of soil types in OU 7 are a functio n of elevation , bedrock and

topography . Bands and patches of soil form in correspondence to

topographi c features . The regional survey data classifie s the soil s of the

area as Alfisols and are subclassified as Cryoboralf s with Borolls , Cryochrepts , an d Cryothods (USDA Soi l Conservatio n Servic e 1975:412-

413). The surfac e of OU7 consists primaril y of tailings . Nativ e soil s eviden t

alon g the margin s of the tailing s consist primaril y of alluvia l soil s an d
gravels . Naturall y occurrin g toolstone-qualit y chalcedonie s have also been

reported in Iow a Gulch , jus t south of OU 7 (Buckles 1978:161) .

Climat e

Climate in the area is dependen t on both local topograph y and overall

seasonal weather patterns . The general climate i s characteristic of high

elevatio n mountainous region s in Colorado with cold temperatures , deep winter snows, and short , cool summers. The mean average temperature for Leadvill e ranges fro m 56 degrees F. in July to 22 degrees F. in January . T he average rainfall is 18.48 inches and the average snowfal l is 124.7

inches.

T he highl y varied topograph y in the general area creates extremes of

temperature an d precipitation , influenced as wel l by gradien t an d aspect . In

winter, high pressure cell s of cold air frequentl y form where drainage i s poor

or the air i s still , especiall y withi n high mountain parks (Berry 1975) . Air

temperature decreases with increasin g altitude at a rate of approximatel y

three degrees F. for each thousand feet in elevation increase (Mute l and Emerick 1984:8). Therefore , the high mountainous areas east of Leadvill e

a re likel y to be much colder on the average than the lower valle y areas to

t he west alon g the Arkansas River.

Vegetatio n

Like the soils, the vegetation is influenced by slope , aspect and elevation . T he Apache Tailin g area i s located primaril y withi n the Montan e life-zon e (Mutel an d Emerick 1984:17) . The major vegetatio n group i s Lodgepol e Pine Forests . Thi s pin e fores t tends to occur on relativel y well-drained and

d ry slopes , an d include s lodgepol e an d ponderosa pine , an d spruce/fir . Understor y species are generall y sparse an d include wild rose, blueberry ,

silvery lupin e and common juniper . Vegetatio n is absent on the Apach e Tailing s themselves , but Montan e vegetatio n i s presen t alon g the souther n

margin of the Tailings .

Faun a

Several wildlife species have been commonly identified as bein g associated

with the various habitat s located in and adjacen t to the Superfun d Site . Mammal s common to thi s ecozone include coyote, porcupine , badger,

cottontail , mule deer, ground squirrel, skunk, marmot, deermouse, pika,

vole, weasel, raccoon, otter, and possibl y beaver. Other faun a common to

thi s type of mountainous environmental zone include various rodents , and

birds such as songbirds , raptors and waterfowl (Mute l and Emerick 1984).

Huma n Impac t

Previous impact s to the survey area are related primaril y to the placemen t of

t he Apache tailings . The 1926 USGS map shows roads, railroad tracks and

o ne unidentified structure in the area now occupied by the tailings .
RECORD S SEARCH :

Prior to fieldwork, an in-depth records search was conducted at the Colorado SHPO and other agencies as part of the work requirement s

undertake n for the ID&E Pla n (Martoran o e t al . 1994). The Apache Tailin g

h as not been previousl y inventoried or recorded.

Extensive research was conducted by Jacob s Engineerin g for their report

"Historical Mineral Processin g Operation s of the Leadvill e Minin g District"

(1991) . Concernin g the Apache Mill , the report states that "n o informatio n

w as obtained o n the mil l durin g thi s study" (Jacob s Engineerin g Group , Inc.

1991:24) . No additional archival research has been conducted. An integral part of the historical site research consisted of contactin g

"interested persons", includin g the Lake Count y Histori c Preservatio n Advisor y Board, who have knowledge about past historic events and/o r

resources in the OU 7 area. A letter requestin g additional informatio n on

t he history of the Apache Tailing site was sent to over 25 person s and

groups o n Jul y 18, 1995 (see Appendi x B) . No additiona l informatio n

concernin g the Apache Mil l site was received.

CULTURA L HISTORY :

A cultural histor y overview of the Superfun d Site area is included in the

"Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n fo r Cultura l Resources, California Gulch Superfun d Site , Lake County , Colorado" (Martoran o e t al . 1994). The

reader is referred to this document for a thorough cultural history and

prehistoric overview applicabl e to OU 7.

RESEARC H DESIGN :

General research goal s for thi s projec t included: locatio n an d identificatio n

of all prehistoric and historic cultural resources within areas proposed for

impact; assignmen t of cultural affiliation , site type , functio n an d theme of

t he located resources through analysi s of structural remains an d temporall y

diagnosti c materials; an d identificatio n of National Register of Histori c Place s (NRHP ) propertie s o r those potentiall y eligibl e fo r inclusio n i n the NRHP . Site s were also evaluated for potential contributin g status for the newly

defined Leadvill e Histori c Minin g District , 5LK856 , (SHP O letter dated

2/13/95) . Specifi c research goal s relevant to the prehistoric and historic

period in OU 7 have been outlined in Martoran o et al. (1994) . Althoug h the elevatio n within thi s area may have limited the possibilitie s for

year-round aboriginal occupations , it is probable that flora and faun a were

utilized by aboriginal groups at least on a seasonal basis. The drainage

corridors , such as California Gulch, could also have been utilized as travel

routes.
Cultural Resource Definition s

Prehistoric Resources

A prehistoric site was defined in the ID & E Pla n (Martoran o et al. 1994) as

five or more flakes , tool s or ceramics, or any feature , i.e., hearth, stone

circle, etc. Thi s definitio n was intended to include loci of patterned human

behavior but exclude those areas of randoml y discarded prehistoric cultural material . Random occurrences of prehistori c material s were designated as

isolated finds . A prehistori c isolated fin d (IF ) was defined as less than five flakes , tools ,

ceramics, etc.

Histori c Resources

A historic site was defined as a manmade structure or its remnants;

elements of a manmade landscape; or a physical , natural location , identified

through archival research, on which an earlier historic event(s ) occurred. T he historic site definitio n also included location s lackin g features , but

containin g artifact s representin g 20 or more Euro-America n object s (minimum vessels count) within a discrete area (based on professional

judgement) . Example: one bottl e broken into 25 pieces was defined as an

isolated find ; 20 pieces of glass , representin g 20 separate objects , was

defined as a site. The site definitio n also included location s of historic

ground disturbance, such as collapsed mine adit s and shafts , or ditches . Exception s included prospec t pit s or mine waste pile s lackin g associated

cultural materials , structural remains, or other features . Thes e were

recorded as isolated find s rather than sites. Histori c sites are those that are

at leas t 50 years or older. Exception s included those sites that were not 50

years old , but were exceptional example s or provide unique informatio n

about a historic event, technology , etc. Histori c sites also included

architectural and historic archaeological resources.

A historic isolated fin d (IF) was defined as the remains of less than 20 Euro-American object s (minimum vessel count) withi n an area demonstratin g

limited activity and lackin g evidence of a feature. Exception s included less

than 20 Euro-American object s that are not unique or diagnostic , and are

located i n disturbed contexts. Example s included fragment s of glass , wood,

a nd metal foun d in fluvia l deposits . Thes e type s of remains would be noted

in the cultural resources report but not officially recorded as isolated finds .

Anticipated Resources

It was anticipated prior to fieldwork that the majorit y of resources would be

related to the use of the area as a Tailings impoundment . Any prehistori c

resources that may have existed in thi s portio n of OU 7 have probabl y been

destroyed or removed from their original context.
SURVE Y METHODS :

T he field survey was completed by two archaeologist s on Augus t 1 5 and

1 6, 1995. The central portio n of the tailing s impoundmen t was not

surveyed due to potential safet y risks. The edge of the tailing s and an area

approximatel y 100 fee t from the edge of the tailings were surveyed

intensivel y (100%). Surveyed areas were walked in a zig-zag fashio n to

achieve maximum coverage of the area. Spacin g interval s ranged fro m 5 to

10 meters. Photographs were taken of the survey area and resources.

DESCRIPTION O F RESOURCE S RECORDED :

T w o resources, includin g 5LK890 , the Apach e Mil l an d Tailin g Pond; an d

5LK89 1 were recorded durin g the survey and are described below:

Sit e 5LK890 Apache Tailin g

Site Number/Sit e Type : 5LK890/mil l an d tailin g pon d (Figure s 3-11) .

Elevation/Topographi c Setting : 10,100 ft./3078 m.; the Apache Mil l an d Tailing Pond is located adjacen t to California Gulch, south of the town of Leadvill e an d west of Carbonate hill .

Sit e Area/Depth : 650 ft. north to south x 1 500 ft. east to west. The tailin g

impoundmen t covers approximatel y 22 acres of the site. Total volume of

tailin g is estimated to be 650,000 cubic yards.

Flora: The tailin g pond i s void of vegetation.

Proximit y to Water: California Gulch actuall y flow s beneath the tailin g pon d

a nd re-emerges alon g the southern edge.

Condition : The machiner y an d building s of the mil l have been removed for

salvage; (removal was occurin g durin g site recordation) . Remains of the

slurry flum e occur alon g the west and southwest perimeter of the tailings;

short sections of the flum e still exist, but for the most part it has

deteriorated. The pum p houses, Feature s 1 and 2, are still standin g but are

nearly collapsed. The site i s basicall y a n undistinguished topographi c

expression .

Cultural Affiliation : The remains currentl y onsite are presumed to be

affiliated with the latest period of minin g in Leadville .

Sit e History :

Construction & History: Dates of constructio n for the Apache Mill are

unknown. Extensive research was conducted by Jacob s Engineerin g for the

report titled "Historical Mineral Processin g Operations , Leadvill e Minin g District (Jacob s Engineerin g Group, Inc. 1991:24). The report did not locate

archival references for the Apach e Mill , an d speculated thi s was the resul t

of the Apache bein g a modern operation . General consensus from local

persons is that the Apache began operation s in the 1 940s, probabl y durin g
t he war years. The Mil l primaril y reprocessed old mine waste, an d

continued to operate unti l 1989.

Description : The site consists of the Apache tailin g pile/pond , modern mil l

remains, the remains of the tailing s flum e an d two smal l outbuilding s located

in the California Gulch drainage . Cla y tile pipe s were installed on the south

side of the Gulch to divert water through the pile , probabl y when the Apache began operations . The tailings pil e (Featur e 3 ) i s approximatel y

350m x 267m. The mill , located on the west end of the tailings pile , was

recentl y removed for salvage an d only a modern aluminum-sided buildin g

remains (Figure 7). The remains of a wooden slurry/flum e are present

around the exterior of the pil e and crossing part of the interior (Figure 4 and

8 ). Associated with the pil e on the east and north sides are two small ,

single-room wood frame structures (Figure s 9 an d 10). The flum e passes

through the northern structure (Featur e 2), a probable pum p house (3m x 3m). The eastern shack (Featur e 1) i s located jus t of f the pil e an d directl y

over the pre-diversio n California Gulch channel . Featur e 1 is also a probabl e

pum p house (2.55m x 2.45m). The only artifact s foun d in associatio n with

the site are a scatterin g of lumber throughout the pile , and the base of a dark olive whiskey bottle (predatin g the tailings ) at the base of the pil e at

t he southeast corner.

10
Figur e 3. General view of site 5LK890, Apache Tailing, lookin g

north at the east end of the tailing ; Feature 1, probabl e pum p house, is on

t he right .

Figur e 4. Overview of site 5LK89 0 lookin g north,

remains of flum e in tailings . Not e

11
Figur e 5. General view of site 5LK890, Apache Tailing , lookin g

south toward the southeas t end of the tailing .

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Figur e 6. Overview of the west end of the Apach e Tailing, site

5LK890 , lookin g northwest.

12
Figur e 7. General view of mil l area, site 5LK890 , lookin g west.

Figur e 8. Overview of flum e suppor t structure, site 5LK890 ,

lookin g west.

13
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Figur e 9. Featur e 1, pum p house, site 5LK890 , lookin g south

at northern elevation .

Figur e 10. Featur e 2, pum p house, site 5LK890 , lookin g south

at northern elevation .

14
LEADVILL E

TAILING S

"POND--

SIT E BOUNDAR Y

- — — - CONTOUR INTERVAL - 20

SCALE:

5LK89 0 on 6 5LK89 1 1"=250

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . Figur e 11. Sit e map of 5LK89 0

15
Sit e 5LK891

Site Number/Sit e Type : 5LK891/structura l remains (possibl y the remains of a

stam p mill ) an d a n artifac t scatter (Figure s 12-17) .

Elevation/Topographi c Setting : 10,080 ft./3072 m.; the site is located on

t he floodplai n an d terrace of California Gulch on the south side of the

present channel .

Sit e Area/Depth : 92m E-W x 25m N-S. Site depth is unknown but soil s are

approximatel y 20-30cm deep.

Flora: Pine, willows , sage, lupin e an d various grasses.

Proximit y to Water: California Gulch is located onsite.

Condition : The structure has deteriorated but the site exhibit s a high densit y

of artifacts , and archaeological potential may be high. The north side of the

site is in water-logged deposit s alon g California Gulch.

Cultura l Affiliation : Probabl y Euro-American ; the artifact s remainin g at the

site sugges t a date of late 19th and/o r earl y 20th century.

Site History : The exact functio n of the site i s unknown. Artifact s sugges t

late 19th and/o r earl y 20th century domestic an d ligh t industrial occupation . M r. Dan McEcker n (1995 ) believes that a stam p mill may have operated at

thi s location .

Description : The site consist s of a collapsed structure, a water flume , a railroad grade and artifac t scatter. The site is located next to the ridge

slope on the south side of California Gulch. The presen t channel of California Gulch forms much of the northern site boundary . The Apach e Mil l Tailin g Pile (5LK890 ) i s located immediatel y north of the channel . The

structure remains (Featur e 1) and artifac t scatter are located where California Gulch bends to the southwest. Immediatel y to the south of the

structure i s the railroad grade (Colorad o Midland) . The railroad grade i s cut

into the ridge slope . The base of the grade/ridgeslop e adjacen t to the

structure has been lined with cobbles. The slope may have served as a

structure wall , or cobbles were placed to retain the slope . Directl y to the

west of the structure are a series of paralle l depression s dug perpendicula r

to the slope; their functio n is unknown. Mos t of the artifact s observed on

t he site are associated with the structure and this area. The railroad grade

follow s California Gulch to the narrow poin t between the Gulch an d the

tailings . A wooden beam retainin g wall is located at thi s point . At one

time, the grade probabl y crossed California Gulch , but the Apach e Tailings

h as destroyed the grade on the north side of the Gulch. The flum e remains

begin ca. 15m from where the railroad grade terminates and extends ca.

40m. The flum e i s made of milled lumber an d wire nails . It i s buil t into the

ridge slope alon g the Gulch. It appears that the flum e was i n use prior to

t he depositio n of the Apache Tailing s pile . The Gulch water was diverted

through ceramic pipe s above the flum e when the tailin g pil e was built; the

flum e then fel l into disrepair . The flum e ma y have extended down to Featur e 1, possibl y providin g power. Pieces of lumber lyin g i n Californi a Gulch next to the flum e are of the same dimensions . Mos t of the artifact s

16
a re domestic, but the structure construction appears more substantial than a habitation . For example , a remainin g wall/floo r segment shows doubl e

layers of plankin g with sheet metal in-between. The chimney pip e i s also

heavy-duty , larger than common domestic stove pipe . Artifacts : Artifact s are numerous an d consist of the following : glas s food

containers an d alcoholi c beverage bottle s (green , brown, clear, purple , blue ,

dark olive, and aqua) , window glass , brown earthenware crockery,

undecorated and decorated ceramic fragments , cut and wire nails , sanitary

t in cans, milled lumber, scrap lumber, sheet metal , chimney pipe , red an d

white brick, rubber fragments , large butchered mammal bones, barrel hoops ,

railroad spike , leather shoe an d strap, ceramic marble, glas s an d shel l

buttons , an d ceramic electric insulator fragments .

17
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Figur e 12. General view of site 5LK89 1 lookin g east/northeast . Arrows indicat e featur e locations .

ittwrng?^

Figur e 13. Overview of Featur e 1 at the east end of site

5LK891 .

18
Figur e 14. Detai l of east en d of Featur e 1, Sit e 5LK891 ,

lookin g southeast .

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southeast .

Figur e 15. Detai l of stone wall , site 5LK891 , lookin g

19
Figur e 16. Detai l of flume , site 5LK891 , lookin g east.

20
CO

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COCD

\ APACHEx \ \ \ \ 'TAILINGS,\\\\ \

\\>H\ CRIBBING \

\ \ X \ \ \ \ CINDE R PIL E

(END OF

RR GRADE)

CROSSE S STREAM

DATUM

SIT E Q WILLO W TRE E BOUNDAR Y

STONE S

LOG S

PIN E TRE E O DEPRESSION

5m. 10m. 15m. ARTIFAC T

CONCENTRATIO N

230

1

2IC T 1BQT 16CT

5LK89 1 DATUM A AN D B

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc .

DATE:

9/95

SCALE :

1" = 10m

FIGURE:
EVALUATION/RECOMMENDATIONS :

Sit e 5LK89 0 i s recommended as not eligibl e individuall y for nominatio n to

t he NRHP an d not contributin g to the Leadvill e Minin g District (5LK856) . T he site does not contain an y relevan t historical information , the remainin g

portio n of the mill is less than 50 years old, and the entire site may be less

than 50 years old. The site has been adequatel y recorded and no further

work is recommended.

Sit e 5LK89 1 i s recommended as individuall y eligibl e for nominatio n to the NRHP under criterio n D , an d contributin g to the Leadvill e Minin g Distric t (5LK856) . The site has excellen t archaeological potential ; buried cultural

deposit s are likely . 5LK89 1 contains data on late 19th and/o r early 20th

century domestic an d ligh t industrial occupatio n (includin g possibl e

informatio n on the operatio n of a stamp mill). Avoidanc e of the site is

recommended. If avoidance i s not feasible , additiona l work, such as test

excavation , archival research and/o r oral interviews are recommended to

identif y the nature an d significanc e of the site.

SUMMARY/EVALUATIO N O F CULTURA L RESOURCES :

Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc . conducted cultural resources

investigation s o n Augus t 15 an d 16, 1995 for the Apach e Tailin g Area, Operable Uni t 7 (OU 7) , California Gulch Superfun d Site , Lake County , Colorado. Thi s area i s proposed for removal actions and/o r remedial action s

as part of the California Gulch Superfun d Site . The cultural resources

survey was conducted for Asarco, Inc. Tw o resources, 5LK89 0 an d

5LK89 1 were recorded durin g the survey.

Sit e 5LK890 , the Apache Mil l an d Tailings Pond, i s recommended as not

eligibl e individuall y for nominatio n to the NRHP an d not contributin g to the Leadvill e Minin g Distric t (5LK856) . Sit e 5LK89 1 i s recommended as

individuall y eligibl e for nomination to the NRHP under criterion D, an d

contributin g to the Leadvill e Minin g District (5LK856) .

22
REFERENCE S CITE D AN D BIBLIOGRAPHY :

Berry, Michae l S.

1975 An Archaeological survey of the Northeas t Portion of Arche s Nationa l Monument . Antiquitie s Sectio n Selected Papers No. 1 (3):70-100. Utah State Historica l Society , Sal t Lake City , Utah. Buckles, Willia m G.

1978 Archaeological Investigation s near the Crest of the Continent ,

1975-1978. Vol . 1-3. Prepared in partial fulfillmen t of Bureau

of Reclamatio n Contract 14-06-700-8155; 14-06-700-8440 (as

amended) , and 8-01-73-04310. On file at the Colorado Historica l Society , Offic e of Archaeolog y an d Histori c Preservation , Denver.

Chronic, Halka

1980 Roadside Geolog y of Colorado. Mountai n Press Publishin g Company .

Firebaugh , Gai l S . 1983 An Archaeologist' s Guide to the Historical Evolution of Glas s Bottle Technology . Southwester n Lore 49(2) , Jun e 1 983.

Jacob s Engineerin g Group, Inc .

1 991 Historica l Mineral Processin g Operation s of the Leadvill e Minin g District , California Gulch Superfun d Site , Leadville , Colorado . Prepared for the Environmental Protectio n Agenc y Alternative Remedial Contract s Strategy , U.S . EPA Regio n VII . Denver. Martorano, Marily n A. , David G. Killam, R. Laurie Simmon s an d Thomas H. Simmon s

1994 Identificatio n an d Evaluatio n Pla n for Cultural Resources. Californi a Gulch Superfun d Site , Lake County , Colorado . Foothil l Engineerin g Consultants , Inc. , Cultural Resources Report No. 9. O n fil e at EPA Region VIII , Denver, Colorado. Mutel , Cornelia F. an d Joh n C. Emerick

1984 From Grasslan d to Glacier The Natura l Histor y of Colorado . Johnso n Books. Denver, Colorado.

Tweto, Ogde n

1979 Geologi c Map of Colorado. Departmen t of Interior . U.S . Geological Survey.

USDA Soi l Conservatio n Service

1975 Soi l Taxonomy . Agricultur e Handbook No. 436.

U.S . Geological Surve y

1926 Leadvill e Minin g Distric t Map , Lake County , Colorado. U.S . Geological Survey , Washington , D.C.

23
APPENDIX A PHOT O LOGS
FOOTHIL L ENGINEERIN G CONSULTANT S PHOTOGRAPHI C LOG

Projec t Nam e Asarco-Apache Tailing s

Type of Film TMAX 100________

Rol l Number APM95-1

Photographer D. Kil l am

Date

8/15/95

»

n

11

t t

"

"

8/16/95

"

"

tt

n

"

M

n

"

ti

Exp. N o . 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Subjec t

Apache Mil l 5LK890 n

it

ti

ti

n

it

ti

ii

5LK891

n

ii

ii

"

"

M

ti

it

n

View Looki n gNE

N

NW

NW

N

NW

E

E

SW

E

N E

E

SE

S

SW

E

NW

E

E

Descriptio n

Apache tailings , east side . 1 of 3.

2 of 3.

3 of 3.

ii

Apache , from south side . 1 of 2.

2 of 2. Apache , south side , timber and flume . Detai l of flume , south side , Apache . Detai l of retention wall , south side , Apache . General view of site, from west end.

1 of 2.

2 of 2. Detai l of Fetur e 1, east end.

tr

General view. of site. 1 of 2.

2 of 2. Detai l of stone wall , east end.

Detai l of flume , from Datum B.

"
FOOTHIL L ENGINEERIN G CONSULTANT S PHOTOGRAPHI C LOG

Project Nam e Asarco-Aoache Tailing s

Type o f Film TMA X 100________

Rol l Number APM95-2

Photographer D . Kil l am

Date

8/16/9 5

it

"

ti

"

M

ii

"

Exp. N o . 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

Subjec t

Apache Mil l 5LK890 Cal . Gulch

Apache Mil l 5LK890

11

11

11

11

11

View Looki nqN

E

N

S

SW

W

E

S

W

S

Descriptio n

Apache tailings , east en d of pil e an d

pump shack. View of Cal . Gulch and Gaw Brewery. Detai l of flume , east and northeast end.

ii

north side . Flume structure, northeast corner.

Detai l of pumphouse #2, west exterior.

north exterior.

Detai l of pumphouse #1, west exterior.

north exterior.
APPENDIX B LIST OF INTERESTED PERSON S CONTACTED
Title

Mr. Mr.

Ms.

Mr. Mr.

Mr.

Mr. M s. M s.

Mr.

Ms.

Ms. Ms. Mr.

Mr. Ms. Mr. Mr.

Dr.

Editor

First Name

Pete

Leon

Annie

J im

Craig

Neil

Howard Cathy

Evelyn

Bill

Sharon

Nancy

Carolyn

Russ

Dave

Margaret

Doug

James E.

Susan M.

Last Name

Moore

Svoboda

Cavall i

Martin

Schreiber

Reynolds

Tritz Patti

Berthod

Korn

Moller

McCain

Funk

Alien

Baker

Staub

Uhland

Hartman

Collins

Company

Citizens for a Better Leadville Greater Leadville Area Chamber of Commerce Lake County Civic Center Association Lake County Commissioners Lake County

Environmental Task Force Lake County Historic Preservation Advisory Boar

d

Leadvill e City Council Leadville Historical Association Leadville Plannin g and Zonin g Commission Colorado Mountain Colleg

e Learning Resource Center Lake County Public Library R oy F. Weston, Inc. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Res-Newmont Minin g Company ASARCO, Inc.

Industrial Complianc

e Colorado State Historic Preservation Officer Colorado State Archaeologis t Leadville Herald

Address

325 West 9th Street P.O. Box 861

P.O. Box 962

P.O. Box 964

P.O. Box 53

P.O. Box 574

P.O. Box 1716 P.O. Box 923

628 Front Street

208 West 8th Avenue

901 Highway

24

1 11 Harrison Avenue

215 Union Blvd., Suite 55

0 HMWMD-RP- B2 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South

1700 Lincoln Street

495 51st Avenue

1 65 S. Union Suite 1000

1300 Broadway

1300 Broadway

P.O. Box 980

City

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Leadville

Lakewood

Denver

Denver

Denver

Lakewood

Denver

Denver

Leadville

State COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOPostal Code

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80461

80228

80222-

1530

80203

80216.

2098

80228

80203

2137

80203

2137

80461
Democra

t Mr. Mr.

Mr.

Ms.

Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. Ms. Mr. Mr.

Bob Carl

Larry

Pat

John

Louis D.

J oe

Leonard

Mike Rose

Smiles

Scott

Elder Mille

r

Frank

McCoy

Hamm

Cummings

Nachtrieb

Walsh

Donovan Green

Doyle

Bauer

National Mining Hall of Fame & Museum Lake County Historic Preservation Advisory Board Bureau of Reclamation

Colorado Mountain Colleg

e P.O. Box 1321

c /o Marge Wagner Kirklan d & Elli s 3 1

0 West 8th

912 Harrison Avenue

D-8280 Denver Federa

l Center P.O. Box 2500

7

1230 Sharon Park Drive #54

3455 South Corona 43

7 Timberl ine Campus

224 Rio Grande Ave.

224 E. 7th St

3805 W. 26th Ave., #2 13

937 Clarkson St., Apt. 601

1999 Broadway

Leadville Leadville

Leadville

Denver

Mineral Park

Englewood

Leadville

Paonia

Leadville Denver

Denver

Denver

COCOCOCOCACOCOCOCOCOCOCO

80461

80461

80461

80225

94025

80110

80461

81428

80461

80211

80218

80202