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1

 PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC HEARING

 EPA/NHTSA PROPOSAL STANDARDS FOR GREENHOUSE

 GASES AND FUEL ECONOMY

 JANUARY 19, 2012

 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

TRANSCRIPT OF THE PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC HEARING,

EPA/NHTSA PROPOSAL STANDARDS FOR GREENHOUSE GASES AND

FUEL ECONOMY HEARING, held at the Crowne Plaza

Philadelphia Downtown, 1800 Market Street, Philadelphia,

PA 19103,commencing at 10:00 a.m. on January 19, 2012,

heard before the Government Panel of EPA/NHTSA,

reported by Jennifer P. Miller, Professional Shorthand

Reporter and Notary Public for the Commonwealth

of Pennsylvania.
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1 A P P E A R A N C E S

2

3

4 EPA PANEL MEMBERS:

5 Margo Oge

6 Chet France

7 Stephen Silverman

8

9 NHTSA PANEL MEMBERS:

10 Ron Medford

11 Jim Tamm

12 Rebecca Yoon

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

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25
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1 I N D E X

2

3 OPENING REMARKS PAGE

4 BY MS. Oge 4

5 BY MR. Medford 9

6

7 TESTIFIER PAGE

8 PANEL 1:

9 Kathleen Hennessy 14

10 Hyundai Motor Company

11 Robin Mann 19

12 Sierra Club

13 Nancy Homeister 26

14 Ford Motor Company

15 Nancy Seidmen 34

16 National Association of Clean Air Agencies

17 Norman Zarwin 41

18 U-Go Stations, Inc.

19 James Thoresen 46

20 Truman National Security Project

21 Greg Vitali 49

22 Pennsylvania House of Representatives

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3

4 TESTIFIER PAGE

5 PANEL 2:

6 Walter Tsou 54

7 Philadelphia Physicians for Social Responsibility

8 Jody Holton 56

9 Citizen

10 Gary Oshnock 59

11 Chrysler Group LLC

12 Kevin Riley 65

13 Alexandria Hyundai

14 Justin Johnson 72

15 Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation

16 Tony Payton 79

17 Pennsylvania House of Representatives

18 Tom Baloga 81

19 BMW North America

20 Kevin Stewart 85

21 American Lung Association of the Mid-Atlantic

22

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3 TESTIFIER PAGE

4 PANEL 3:

5 Babette Josephs 93

6 Pennsylvania House of Representatives

7 Mark Cooper 95

8 Consumer Federation of America

9 Bill Willis 101

10 NADA

11 Kevin O'Shea 108

12 DuPont Company

13 Tom Stricker 115

14 Toyota Motor North America

15 Hillary Bright 120

16 Blue Green Alliance

17 Arthur Waskow 124

18 Shalom Center

19 Jillian Hertzberg 129

20 Environment America

21 Dorothea Leicher 134

22 Citizen

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3 TESTIFIER PAGE

4 PANEL 3:

5 Joseph Minot 138

6 Clean Air Council

7 Jane Speaker 144

8 Citizen

9 Edward Perry 145

10 National Wildlife Federation

11 Julia Rege 149

12 Global Automakers

13 Shalimar Blakely 156

14 Citizen

15 Cheryl Pyrch 157

16 Citizen

17 Joe Herman 160

18 Citizen

19 Adam Kessler 163

20 Jewish Community Relation Council

21

22

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2 TESTIFIER PAGE

3 PANEL 4:

4 Judith Patton 173

5 Citizen

6 Paul Seligson 175

7 Citizen

8 Ann Spaeth 180

9 Citizen

10 Nick Rogers 183

11 Citizen

12 Walter Elling 187

13 Citizen

14 David Champion 188

15 Consumer Reports

16 Rick Zilmer 193

17 CNA

18 Susan Wolf 206

19 Citizen

20 Dorsha Turpin 215

21 Citizen

22 Alexa Manning 220

23 Citizen

24 Brian Shapiro 223

25 Citizen
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2 PANEL 5:

3 Bob Pierson 228

4 Citizen

5 Giuliana Pierson 231

6 Citizen

7 Gili Ronen 232

8 Citizen

9 Tom Morris 236

10 Honeywell

11 Bryan Crenshaw 243

12 Citizen

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3 PANEL 6:

4 Jim Kliesch 248

5 Union of Concerned Scientists

6 John Sorrentino 255

7 Citizen

8 Brendan Flynn 262

9 Citizen

10 Steven Stern 265

11 Citizen

12 Nora Nash 269

13 Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility

14 Fletcher Harper 273

15 Green Faith

16 David Ross 278

17 Citizen

18 Katie Feeney 284

19 Clean Air Council

20 Rachel Arenstein 290

21 National Wildlife Federation

22 Jim Wyle 292

23 Sierra Club

24 Jon Gensler 297

25 Citizen
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3 PANEL 7:

4 Jeff Hornstein 305

5 Greater Philadelphia Taxi Association

6 Nathan Walker 310

7 First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia

8 Aislinn Pennicost Farren 313

9 Citizen

10 Sue Edwards 315

11 Sierra Club

12 Susan Garelik 320

13 Citizen

14 Bob Carey 323

15 Sierra Club

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25
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1 I N D E X (cont'd)

2

3 PANEL 8:

4 Katherine Breiner 327

5 Masterman School

6 Susanna Erlich 331

7 Masterman School

8

9 PANEL 9:

10 Mark Macleod 335

11 Environmental Defense Fund

12 Linda Kriger 341

13 Citizen

14 Thomas McKernan 345

15 Citizen

16 Carol Ward 346

17 Citizen

18 William Vanstone 351

19 Citizen

20 JoAnn Seaver 353

21 Citizen

22

23

24

25
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

3 THURSDAY, JANUARY 19, 2012

4 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m.

5

6 P R O C E E D I N G S

7

8 MS. OGE: Good morning. I'd like to

9 welcome you to this public hearing in Philadelphia

10 today.

11 My name is Margo Oge. I'm the Director of

12 the Office of Transportation and Air Quality with

13 the Environmental Protection Agency.

14 With me is my colleague, Ron Medford, on my

15 left, from NHTSA. And Ron and I are going to be

16 the presiding officers for the hearing today.

17 I understand that we have over 250 people, 250

18 underlined people, that have signed up to testify

19 today.

20 And I want to let you know we just came back

21 from our first public hearing in Detroit. We had

22 over 90 people.

23 Today's participation is extraordinary. So we

24 want to thank the individuals, the representatives

25 from the various organizations that have taken the
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 time to come and participate in this very important

3 process.

4 Today, we will be hearing testimony on a

5 proposal to establish greenhouse gas emissions and

6 fuel economy standards for light-duty vehicles for

7 model years 2017 through 2025.

8 The proposed standards issued last November

9 will exceed 163 grams per mile of CO2 equivalent,

10 which is equivalent to 54.5 miles per gallon if the

11 vehicles were to meet this level all by using fuel

12 economy improvements.

13 This program is projected to save about four

14 billion barrels of oil and two billion metric tons

15 of greenhouse gas emissions over the lifetime of

16 vehicles sold for the years 2017 through 2025.

17 Higher cost of new vehicle technology will add

18 on an average about $2,000 for consumers who will

19 be buying a new vehicle in 2025. However, this

20 consumers will save an average of $6,600 in fuel

21 savings for a net lifetime saving of 4,400.

22 And here we are assuming that the gasoline

23 prices will be approximately at the same level that

24 they are now in the 2025 time frame.

25 The proposal builds on the success of the
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 first national program for model years 2012 to

3 2016. Those standards were finalized in April of

4 2010.

5 So continuing the national program would

6 ensure that all manufacturers can continue building

7 a single fleet of vehicles that would satisfy

8 requirements of both the federal agencies and as

9 well as the State of California programs.

10 President Obama announced support for

11 continuing the national program last July, and the

12 EPA notice of intent outlining our plans for a

13 proposal. That's the proposal that we're receiving

14 oral and comments today.

15 The State of California and 13 auto

16 manufacturers representing over 90 percent of the

17 year's vehicles sold provided letters of support for

18 the program, as well as the United Auto Workers and

19 many non-governmental organizations also supported

20 the announcement.

21 The program covers a wide range of light-duty

22 vehicles, including cars, light pickup trucks, SUVs

23 and minivans. They have designed the proposed

24 standards to preserve consumer choice.

25 That is, the proposed standards should not
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 affect consumer opportunity to purchase the size of

3 the vehicle with the performance, utility, and

4 safety features that meet their needs.

5 This is because the standards are factored in

6 such a way not to create incentives to manufacture

7 vehicles of any particular size. For example,

8 there's not an incentive to downsize.

9 Today's hearing allows interested parties to

10 provide comments. And the proposal, as I mention

11 earlier, this is the second public hearing. The

12 first public hearing was last Tuesday in Detroit.

13 And on January 24th, we're going have a third

14 and last hearing in San Francisco.

15 In addition, there is written comment period

16 that will remain open until February 13th.

17 The comment period originally was scheduled

18 to end on January 30th, and we recently extended

19 it to provide additional time for public comments.

20 We also expect to take final action on this

21 proposal in the late summer of this year.

22 Now, I would like to introduce my colleagues

23 that are representing EPA with me on the Panel

24 today.

25 On my right is Chet France. He's the Director
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 of the Assessment and Standards Division. And

3 Steven Silverman on his right, he's with our

4 office of General Counsel.

5 At this time I'd like to turn it over to my

6 colleague, Ron Medford, who is going to give his

7 introductory remarks and also to introduce his

8 team.

9 Ron.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, Margo.

11 Good morning, everyone. As Margo indicated,

12 I'm Ron Medford. I'm the Deputy Administrator at

13 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

14 On behalf of my agency and the Department of

15 Transportation, I'd like to thank you for taking

16 time out today of your busy schedules to

17 participate and express your views on the proposed

18 fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission

19 regulations.

20 I first would like to introduce the Panel

21 Members from NHTSA who are seated to my left.

22 First, Jim Tamm, the Chief of the Fuel Economy

23 Division. And then to his left, Rebecca Yoon,

24 Attorney Advisor in our Office of Chief Counsel.

25 Today's hearing provides an opportunity for
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 the public to present oral comments regarding the

3 agencies' proposed 2017 and later model year

4 light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas and corporate

5 average fuel economy standards.

6 On November 16th, EPA and NHTSA issued several

7 joint agency documents related to the proposed

8 rulemaking. They included a preamble, two

9 preliminary regulatory impact analysis documents,

10 one from each agency, and a technical support

11 document.

12 These documents described the proposed

13 regulations and the supporting information and

14 analysis related to the proposal.

15 In addition, NHTSA issued a draft

16 environmental impact statement for the proposed

17 fuel economy regulations.

18 The draft EIS compares environmental impacts

19 of proposed fuel economy regulations to those of

20 the regulatory alternatives.

21 Today's hearing provides an opportunity for

22 the public to comment on both the proposed

23 regulation and also the draft EIS.

24 The written comment period for the draft EIS

25 will close on January 31st, and the written comment
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 period for the NPRM, as Margo noted, is now

3 extended to February the 13th.

4 Today's hearing is scheduled to run until

5 about 9:30 p.m., though we will be here as long it

6 will take to have an opportunity for everyone to

7 express their views and to testify.

8 We will be using Panels to speed up the

9 process. The list of preregistered Panel Members

10 and their order is provided with the agenda at the

11 reception table.

12 We request that each person keep their

13 testimony to five minutes or less. And we will

14 have a timer. And you'll hear a little beep go off

15 at five minutes. And when that happens, please

16 conclude your remarks. If not, we will remind you.

17 If anyone here wishing to testify has not

18 already signed up, please do so at the reception

19 table. Whether or not you testify, we would like

20 everyone attending today's hearing to please sign

21 in.

22 We plan to go straight through the Panels,

23 except we may call for one or two breaks during the

24 day.

25 After today the official record of this
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 hearing will be kept open 30 days for any

3 speaker wishing to submit rebuttals or make any

4 corrections to their remarks for the record.

5 If you'd like have a transcript of today's

6 proceedings, you should make arrangements directly

7 with the Court Reporter or the registration table

8 during one of the breaks.

9 We will also make the transcripts available on

10 our Web site and in the public docket for the

11 rulemaking.

12 This hearing will be conducted informally, and

13 formal Rules of Evidence will not apply.

14 The presiding officers, however, are authorized

15 to strike statements from the record which are

16 deemed to be irrelevant or needlessly repetitious

17 and to enforce reasonable limits on the duration of

18 the statements of any witness.

19 Before we bring up the first Panel, I want to

20 ask that each Panelist please state his or her name

21 and affiliation. And please speak slowly and

22 clearly so our Court Reporter can record these

23 proceedings.

24 If your comments are directed to NHTSA's

25 draft EIS, we request you mention that before you
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 begin your comments.

3 There's no need to identify your comments are

4 directed at the proposal. We will assume all

5 comments are directed to the NPRM, unless you state

6 that they're directed to the EIS.

7 When the witnesses on the Panel have finished

8 their presentations, the Government Panel will have

9 an opportunity to ask questions related to the

10 testimony.

11 Witnesses are reminded that any false

12 statements or false responses to questions may be a

13 violation of law.

14 So I think we're ready to begin and call up

15 the first Panel. We would like the first Panel to

16 come up and get started.

17 Write your names on the cards that are there.

18 This will assist the recorder in knowing who is

19 speaking and then we will begin.

20 So, Panel One, please.

21 Kathleen, as soon as you are ready, you can

22 begin. Kathleen Hennessy.

23 MS. HENNESSY: Good morning, my name is

24 Kathleen Hennessy, and I am the Vice President of

25 Government Affairs of Hyundai Motor Company.
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 It is a pleasure to be here to provide our

3 perspective on this very important rulemaking.

4 We appreciate the significant effort on the

5 part of all of the agencies in this difficult task

6 of developing feasible and harmonized national

7 greenhouse gas and corporate average fuel economy

8 standards.

9 Before discussing the proposal, I would like

10 to take a few moments to talk about Hyundai's

11 thoughts on fueling efficiency and our efforts in

12 this area.

13 Hyundai is one of the industry's most

14 fuel-efficient auto makers. We are on track

15 this year to surplus the government's industry

16 fuel economy target of 35.5 miles per gallon

17 for the 2016 model year.

18 Currently, four Hyundai models, the Sonata

19 Hybrid, the Elantra, the Veloster and the Accent,

20 achieve EPA highway fuel economy ratings of

21 40 miles per gallon.

22 We are the only auto maker that provides

23 fleet-wide fuel economy performance in our release

24 of monthly sales figures.

25 These 40 miles per gallon models
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 account for one-third of our U.S. sales in 2011.

3 In 2010, we publicly pledged to reach 50 plus

4 miles per gallon for our fleet by 2025.

5 In our discussions with the agencies on this

6 rulemaking, we have consistently supported the

7 standard in excess of 50 miles per gallon.

8 We continue to support the agencies in this

9 rulemaking. We believe that it's the right thing

10 to do for the environment and for the nation's

11 energy security.

12 Hyundai supports many of the flexibilities and

13 credits provided for in the proposal. We support

14 the credit and banking provisions and continued

15 application of off-cycle credits for technology

16 whose benefits cannot be accounted for on the city

17 and highway test cycles.

18 Hyundai believes that off-cycle technology is

19 an area that is ripe for innovation, and can

20 provide important gains in real world fuel economy

21 and greenhouse gas reductions.

22 Now that the agencies have quantified the

23 value of off-cycle technologies in a menu format,

24 Hyundai asks that EPA and NHTSA allow the menu

25 technologies to be used in the 2012 through 2016
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 model years.

3 We recommend also that the agencies eliminate

4 the ten-gram cap on the menu technology.

5 EPA planned the cap because the menu

6 technology credits are based on limited data.

7 However, Hyundai agrees with the agency that the

8 credits offered are conservative and thus a cap is

9 not necessary.

10 Hyundai also appreciates that there are a

11 number of flexibilities in the proposal that

12 address OEM's different strategies for creating

13 fuel-efficient fleets.

14 For example, some OEMs are focusing resources

15 on electric vehicles, and they are receiving credit

16 multipliers for expanding that technology.

17 Others are improving the fuel efficiency of

18 cargo-carrying larger pickup trucks, and the agency

19 is providing incentives to provide that technology.

20 Some OEMs plan to focus on fuel efficiency

21 leadership with gasoline vehicles. And CARB is

22 proposing to allow OEMs to offset part of the zero

23 emission mandates for limited time by overcomplying

24 with these challenging greenhouse gas standards.

25 We appreciate the government's recognition of
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 these varying OEM strategies by providing a variety

3 of incentives to maximize performance in each area.

4 Finally, Hyundai appreciates the substantial

5 lead time for these regulations that will provide

6 stability for long-term product planning.

7 Although we believe the proposed requirements

8 are feasible, Hyundai recognizes that it is

9 difficult to accurately predict out to the 2025

10 time frame the technologies and the cost and

11 consumer acceptance of these technologies that

12 will be necessary.

13 The mid-term review will help ensure that the

14 requirements are sound closer to the time of

15 implementation.

16 This concludes my remarks. Hyundai will be

17 submitting written comments to the docket on

18 additional aspects of the proposal.

19 Thank you for the opportunity to comment

20 today.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

22 Robin Mann.

23 MS. MANN: Thank you for holding this

24 hearing today. I'm Robin Mann. I serve as

25 President of the Sierra Club, the nation's oldest
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 and largest environmental organization, grass roots

3 environmental organization.

4 The board of directors of our volunteer-led

5 organization oversees all of Sierra Club's national

6 campaigns including our campaign to move the nation

7 beyond oil.

8 I speak today on behalf of the club's one

9 point four million members and supporters. And

10 I'm proud that a number of our members are here

11 today and will also testify.

12 Our executive director Michael Brune will be

13 testifying in San Francisco, and our organization

14 will submit detailed technical comments to the

15 docket.

16 We strongly support EPA and NHTSA's proposed

17 passenger vehicle efficiency and emission standards

18 for 2017 through 2025.

19 They will ensure that we build on the progress

20 the administration set in motion with the 2012 and

21 2016 standards.

22 Nearly every day bone-chilling news circulates

23 of additional evidence that we are cooking the

24 planet and climate destruction has already begun:

25 Extreme weather events occurring more frequently,
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 drought-induced wildfires and crop failures,

3 devastating flooding of coastal communities from

4 sea level rise, destructions in critical habitat,

5 migratory patterns and food chains.

6 Some of this week's scariest news came from

7 the Arctic where sea ice is melting at

8 unexpectedly alarming rates allowing the release of

9 giant methane plumes.

10 The planet is screaming and the time has come

11 from us to stop turning a deaf ear to it.

12 The arguments in favor of the proposed new

13 standards are beyond compelling. The technology

14 exists to reach the new standards.

15 It should not be reserved for higher-end

16 consumers on the margin. It should be mainstreamed

17 so that all consumers can take advantage of the

18 fuel savings. Saving gas saves money, money

19 consumers can put to better use.

20 The economy. These new standards are a life

21 line for American car manufacturing. The economic

22 boost the new standards will provide is projected

23 at 484,000 jobs created economy-wide and 43,000 in

24 the auto industry alone.

25 National security. The U.S. presidents
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 going back to President Nixon have recognized that

3 our oil addiction undermines our security. And

4 president after president has committed to reducing

5 our dependence on oil.

6 March 30, 2011, we welcomed President Obama's

7 commitment to cut oil imports by one-third over the

8 next decade.

9 We recognize these standards can help make

10 this president the one that keeps the promise.

11 It is estimated the standards will reduce U.S.

12 oil consumption by one point five million barrels

13 per day in 2030, the same amount we imported from

14 Saudi Arabia and Iraq combined in 2010.

15 Extreme oil. Look no further than the gulf.

16 The nation's attention may have shifted away, but

17 the Deepwater Horizon disaster continues to unfold.

18 Economic dislocation persists in the coastal

19 communities and we have not made them whole. And

20 tar balls continue to wash up on shore as a

21 reminder that the extent of the long-term eco

22 system damage is still unknown.

23 Yet the oil companies have the hubris to be

24 pressing the administration hard to open up the

25 pristine and treacherous waters of Alaska's deep
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 sea to drilling.

3 And then there is tar sands oil, the dirtiest

4 oil on the planet, destructive enough to be seen

5 from outer space.

6 Let me take a moment here to express our

7 thanks to the president for his very significant

8 decision announced yesterday to reject the permit

9 for Keystone XL pipeline. This was the right

10 decision consistent with steering the nation

11 towards solutions that reduce our dependence on

12 oil, especially the dirtiest oil.

13 Public health. The public health benefits

14 from spewing less fossil fuel pollution into our

15 neighborhoods and shifting the fleet to the

16 cleaner, more efficient cars will be enormous.

17 And finally, climate change. These standards

18 promise a tremendous benefit in reduced greenhouse

19 gas emissions. There is so much more we need to do

20 in this country to reduce our gluttonous use of

21 energy and the associated emissions.

22 Within the transportation sector alone the

23 opportunities are immense. But the single biggest

24 step that we can take is the one the administration

25 has proposed here. Implementing these standards
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 will keep an estimated 280 million metric tons of

3 carbon dioxide out of the air in 2025, equivalent

4 to shutting down 72 coal-fired power plants for a

5 year.

6 Let me recognize that my state of Pennsylvania

7 is one of the dozen states that adopted

8 California's leading vehicle emissions standards.

9 In joining California's program, Pennsylvania

10 demonstrated that Americans demand cleaner cars,

11 including cars that spew out less greenhouse gases.

12 We applaud California and the role it played

13 with EPA and NHTSA in proposing these new standards

14 that continue to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

15 The time is up. It is a national disgrace

16 brought to us by the oil lobby that we have

17 squandered so much time and opportunity to

18 embrace such common sense solutions as maximizing

19 fuel efficiency and cutting emissions.

20 We thank the administration for stepping up

21 and putting forward these strong new standards that

22 offer such fundamental economic, national security,

23 public health and climate stabilizing benefits.

24 We urge that these standards remain strong,

25 and urge that the agencies issue a final rule in
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 July.

3 Thank you very much.

4 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

5 Nancy Homeister.

6 MS. HOMEISTER: Good morning. I'm Nancy

7 Homeister, Manager of Fuel Economy and Greenhouse

8 Gas Regulatory Strategy for the Environment and

9 Engineering Division of Ford Motor Company.

10 It is a pleasure to be here today to provide

11 our perspective on this very important rulemaking.

12 Just over two years ago, we were sitting in

13 the same position commenting on the first

14 nationally-harmonized greenhouse gas and fuel

15 economy regulation, and encouraging at that time

16 the continuation of harmonized requirements beyond

17 2016.

18 We applaud the combined efforts of the EPA and

19 NHTSA, as well as the California Air Resources

20 Board. This proposal provides our industry both

21 the single program moving forward, as well as the

22 regulatory framework that enables manufacturers to

23 plan and invest for the future with confidence.

24 We are committed to working with you to

25 finalize these regulations. The standards proposed
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 are aggressive, but so are the demands from our

3 customers for greater fuel efficiency.

4 As a result, we are continually investing in

5 our product strategy to improve the fuel economy

6 and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of our

7 fleet.

8 Starting this year, one-third of our vehicle

9 line up will offer a model that achieve at least

10 40 miles per gallon.

11 In addition to the Transit Connect Electric

12 introduced in 2010, last year we delivered our

13 first all new Ford Focus electric vehicle.

14 Later this year, we will start production on

15 our C-Max Energy Hybrid. And just last week, we

16 announced and unveiled our next generation 2013

17 Fusion Hybrid and our all new 2013 Fusion Plug-in

18 Hybrid.

19 But our commitment goes beyond our products.

20 We have also set a goal to reduce facility

21 emissions of CO2 by 30 percent by 2025 on a

22 per-vehicle basis.

23 You will continue to see us offer more

24 products with advanced innovative technologies to

25 improve the fuel efficiency of our vehicles and
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2 deliver outstanding quality and features that our

3 customers desire.

4 The key, however, is to ensure that the

5 proposed targets do not outpace consumer demand

6 or the affordability of the technologies needed

7 for compliance.

8 As a full-line manufacturer, we are challenged

9 to meet the broad range the customer wants such as

10 function, performance, comfort and convenience,

11 safety and, of course, fuel economy.

12 And all of these attributes need to come

13 together and align in the vehicles that consumers

14 can afford.

15 After all, attainment of our national goals for

16 CO2 reduction and energy security cannot be reached

17 by niche products and technologies. It does little

18 good to produce vehicles with improved fuel

19 efficiency unless those vehicles are actually

20 purchased by a wide range of American consumers.

21 Further, the technologies must be

22 self-sustaining in the marketplace and not

23 dependent upon long-term government subsidies.

24 That philosophy has been part of the Ford strategy

25 since 1903.
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2 You must also acknowledge that market success

3 is dependent upon many factors outside of our

4 control such as the price of fuel, the state of the

5 economy, or the availability of affordable

6 technologies and materials.

7 The further we look into the future the more

8 difficult it is to predict these factors with

9 accuracy.

10 The proposed rules extend through the 2025

11 model year, which is an unprecedented time frame in

12 the context of fuel economy regulations.

13 This presents a significant challenge for

14 manufacturers. While the establishment of

15 longer-term standards provides manufacturers with

16 targets for future product planning and investment,

17 the longer time frame also leads to greater risk

18 that the assumptions underlying the standards

19 do not come to fruition.

20 For example, if a lack of adequate

21 infrastructure hinders the introduction of new fuel

22 saving technology or fuel prices turn out to be

23 substantially lower than anticipated, it might be

24 necessary to change the standards in order to avoid

25 damage to American auto jobs and the U.S. economy.
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2 That is why the proposed midterm evaluation of

3 the 2022 through 2025 greenhouse standards is so

4 vital to this joint proposal.

5 As proposed, the midterm evaluation provisions

6 require EPA to make a fresh determination regarding

7 the appropriateness of the post-2021 model year

8 standards after considering a variety of factors

9 and to listening public comments.

10 This process will take place concurrently with

11 NHTSA's process for setting final standards for the

12 2022 through 2025 model years.

13 The midterm evaluation is an essential

14 checkpoint to ensure that the standards for these

15 model years are consistent with the revolving

16 market conditions.

17 The existence of a robust midterm review

18 evaluation process is critical to Ford support for

19 this rulemaking package.

20 Turning now to more specific comments of the

21 proposed rulemaking, we support the relative manner

22 in which car and truck targets have been set to

23 reflect their respective capabilities to improve

24 fuel economy.

25 This is based primarily on the agencies'
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2 updated analysis of full size trucks from the 2012

3 through 2016 rulemaking.

4 In particular, EPA acknowledged it had, quote,

5 underestimated the impact of a different pickup

6 model configurations, end quote, and in the

7 model -- in the model 2012 to 2016 rule.

8 They further acknowledge that the, quote, very

9 largest light trucks have significant load carrying

10 and towing capabilities that make it particularly

11 challenging for manufacturers to add fuel economy

12 improving technologies in a way that maintains the

13 full functionality of those capabilities, unquote.

14 We concur with the agencies' analysis and

15 conclusion. With respect to our elements of the

16 proposal, we will continue to work with the

17 agencies to develop the test procedures necessary

18 to validate off-cycle technology.

19 In order to pave the way for such

20 technologies, manufacturers must have confidence

21 that their efforts and investment will be evaluated

22 fairly and given appropriate credit.

23 We also strongly encourage that the agencies

24 to reconsider the production volume thresholds that

25 have been established in order to reflect new
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2 technology introductions in our compliance

3 strategy.

4 Setting high thresholds, which are entirely

5 dependent on consumer acceptance, may actually

6 serve a hindrance to the investment of these new

7 technologies.

8 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. I need you to wrap

9 it up.

10 MS. HOMEISTER: Once again, we appreciate

11 the opportunity to provide our testimony on this

12 important rulemaking. We are continuing to review

13 all different aspects, and look forward to working

14 in the future.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Great. Thank you.

16 Ms. Seidmen.

17 MS. SEIDMAN: Good morning. My name is

18 Nancy Seidmen, and I'm the Co-chair of the Mobile

19 Source and Fuels Committee of NACAA, the National

20 Association of Clean Air Agencies.

21 NACAA is the association of air pollution

22 control agencies in 50 states and territories and

23 over 165 metropolitan areas across the nation.

24 I am also the Deputy Assistant Commissioner

25 for Climate Strategies for the Massachusetts
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 Department of Environment Protection.

3 On behalf of NACAA, thank you for this

4 opportunity to testify on EPA and NHTSA's joint

5 proposal.

6 NACAA is very pleased to support this

7 proposal. We note that there is a broad group of

8 stakeholders that supports EPA and NHTSA's actions

9 to continue and build upon the national programs

10 adopted in 2010 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

11 from and improve the fuel economy of model year

12 2011 through 2016 light-duty vehicles.

13 In 2007, 31 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas

14 emissions were emitted by mobile sources, which

15 since 1990 have been the fastest growing source of

16 greenhouse gas emissions.

17 Light-duty vehicles are responsible for almost

18 60 percent of all mobile source greenhouse gas

19 emissions.

20 Carbon dioxide emissions in 2007 represented

21 approximately 94 percent of all light-duty

22 greenhouse gas emissions.

23 The estimated benefits of this proposal

24 include a reduction in oil consumption of four

25 billion barrels, a reduction in greenhouse gas
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2 emissions of two billion million metric tons, fuel

3 savings on the order of $347 to $444 billion and

4 a monetized net benefit to society in the range

5 of $311 to $421 billion.

6 The co-pollutant benefits to be derived from

7 program are also very important and include reduced

8 fine particulate and nitrogen oxide emissions due

9 to reduced gasoline distribution emissions

10 associated with tanker trucks; mitigation of some

11 of the disproportionate adverse health impacts on

12 environmental justice communities affected by

13 emissions from high traffic and located near

14 gasoline refining and distribution facilities;

15 reduced adverse health impacts near roadways due to

16 cleaner vehicles; reduced risks of adverse --

17 reduced risk of accidental spills of crude oil due

18 to a proportional reduction in oil imports via

19 marine tankers; buffering against gasoline price

20 volatility for consumers and a hedge against rising

21 fuel prices due to the increased use of domestic

22 and alternative fuel sources; economic growth and

23 the creation of high-quality jobs across the

24 country due to the need for innovative automotive

25 technologies upon which the standards rely; and
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2 reduced hydrocarbon emissions due to lower fuel at

3 retail distribution outlets.

4 NACAA would like to offer some additional

5 comments on three key areas in the proposal, and my

6 submitted testimony provides additional details and

7 issues.

8 First, we understand that EPA and NHTSA are

9 proposing that passengers cars have an average rate

10 of improvement of five percent for model years 2017

11 through 2025.

12 However, light-duty trucks will start with an

13 average rate of improvement of three point five

14 percent for model years 2017 through 2021, which

15 increases to five percent for model years '22

16 through '25.

17 These proposed rates of improvement are

18 envisioned to result in average carbon dioxide

19 emission rates of 163 grams per mile with an

20 average fleet performance of 54.5 miles per gallon

21 if every manufacturer incorporates enhanced engine

22 technologies.

23 In addition, the proposal provides a

24 conditional approval of the NHTSA standards for

25 model year 2022 through 2025.
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2 NACAA supports EPA and NHTSA's goals of

3 fleet-wide performance that will result in 54.5

4 miles per gallon.

5 We are concerned however that the approach

6 taken in the proposal may undermine achievement of

7 this goal.

8 In fact, in a recently published study

9 researchers at the University of Michigan consider

10 whether allowing a more lenient three point five

11 percent rate of improvement requirement for larger

12 vehicles creates an incentive for the manufacturer

13 of larger vehicles to be extent that it could lower

14 overall fleet performance standard by as much as

15 four miles per gallon, thus undermining the 54.5

16 mile per gallon goal.

17 Accordingly, we urge EPA and NHTSA to ensure

18 that the full measure of reductions envisioned by

19 the agencies is achieved.

20 In addition, we request that EPA and NHTSA

21 respond to the issues raised in the University of

22 Michigan study.

23 Further, once this program is in place, it is

24 critical that EPA and NHTSA closely track progress

25 in meeting the standards.
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2 In addition, the midterm evaluation to be

3 conducted in '21 to '22 time frame should evaluate

4 the use of credits by auto manufacturers and the

5 impact of credit use on average fleet performance.

6 In particular, EPA and NHTSA should evaluate

7 whether credit use is allowing the production of a

8 greater number of vehicles that do not meet the

9 five percent rate of improvement.

10 Second, EPA projects the cost of new

11 technology will add on average about $2,000 to the

12 price of a vehicle.

13 We recognize the consumers will recoup this

14 cost. However, if vehicles equipped with the

15 technologies needed to meet model years 2025

16 emissions are introduced earlier, then the

17 projected additional cost should be lower than

18 $2000.

19 In addition, earlier introduction of cleaner

20 vehicles will provide added assurance that the

21 projected fuel performance is achieved by 2025.

22 Measures that could lead to greater

23 penetration to vehicles earlier in the programs

24 could bring down vehicle cost.

25 I'll skip my third point since I heard the
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2 buzzer.

3 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

4 MS. SEIDMAN: But it deals with the zero

5 gram per mile credit for the advanced vehicles.

6 And go to finally, NACAA urges that EPA and

7 NHTSA ensure that this final rule is promulgated by

8 July 2012 as planned, and encourages EPA upon

9 promulgation of this rule to begin assessing the

10 efficacy of another phase of standards to apply to

11 post 2025 model year vehicles.

12 Again, we are pleased to express our support

13 for this proposal and appreciate the opportunity to

14 testify.

15 Thank you.

16 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

17 Mr. Sears.

18 MR. ZARWIN: My name is Norman Zarwin,

19 and I am Chairman of a company called U-Go

20 Stations, Inc.

21 We have a different twist than the prior

22 speakers. And what we're doing is we are building

23 and installing electric vehicle charging stations,

24 utilizing among other things solar panels, which

25 frankly lessens tremendously the obvious gasoline
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2 and oil introduction into our society.

3 We started this business about a year and a

4 half ago with Mickey McLaughlin and David Stones,

5 who are both here today.

6 We perceive that this is part of what I call

7 the alternate energy revolution.

8 Mickey and David were just in Detroit and saw

9 the new vehicles that are being proposed to be

10 built now and in the future.

11 And if you would see them, you would recognize

12 that electric vehicles are clearly on the way here

13 in a dramatic way.

14 We predict, and the president in his State of

15 the Union predicted, by 2015 there would be at

16 least a hundred -- at least a million electric

17 vehicles on the highway.

18 Electric vehicles include cars, trucks, buses.

19 And some of you may have seen some of the -- for

20 example, UPS trucks these days that already have on

21 their side advertising hybrid electric.

22 So electric is the future. As I said, I call

23 it the alternate energy revolution.

24 Why? What does it mean to the average person

25 who will drive an electric car?
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2 Well, the cost to drive an electric car is

3 about two cents a mile. Contrast it to about 16 to

4 18 cents a mile to drive a gasoline driven car.

5 Why? Because there's no gasoline, no belts, no

6 spark plugs, no oil changes.

7 It's a really remarkable change in how people

8 will think in the future. And that's why, again, I

9 call it the alternate energy revolution.

10 The public will obviously save a considerable

11 amount of money. Right now there's about a $7500

12 tax credit for purchasers of electric vehicles.

13 So we see this as a wave of the future. The

14 cost is particularly important.

15 Now, with regard to emissions, if you think at

16 the present time there are about 240 million

17 vehicles on the highway in the United States all of

18 which spew carbon dioxide and other gases from

19 tailpipe emissions.

20 Well, with electric vehicles there's exactly

21 zero. So electric vehicles will have a major,

22 major impact on the environment, a tremendous

23 benefit.

24 And we know now that government is supporting

25 what we're trying to accomplish through grants and
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2 other opportunities, including as I indicated the

3 tax credit.

4 Also, it has obviously a tremendous political

5 benefit to the West, particularly because if we

6 lessen importing oil from friends -- people who are

7 not friends of the West -- and we know who they

8 are -- it will have a major impact politically and

9 throughout the world. So we understand this as an

10 important future.

11 We've already installed electric vehicles

12 charging stations in Philadelphia; Avalon, New

13 Jersey; Vermont; Ohio; Michigan and elsewhere.

14 Presently, there are only about 3,000 electric

15 vehicle charging stations in the United States.

16 Our research predicts by 2015 there will be

17 540,000 charging stations installed in the United

18 States. So that evidence is what we perceive is

19 the future.

20 So less cost for the consumer, tax credit,

21 less carbon dioxide emissions, political benefit.

22 And one other aspect of electric vehicles, the

23 engines are in the back, what we perceive to be the

24 trunk areas, rather than in the front.

25 So the heavy duty driving will be towards the
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2 rear rather than the front, which will lesson road

3 damage. So that's another side aspect of what this

4 involves.

5 So I think that all of us should begin to

6 think about this change. It's coming. We'll see

7 in the East, particularly the United states, we're

8 far behind the West Coast and far behind several

9 other countries in the world that are dramatically

10 involved in installing and building and utilizing

11 electric vehicles.

12 So U-Go Stations, Inc. is a major player in

13 the installation of the EV charging stations.

14 And we think some of you in this room may be

15 looking into this kind of opportunity in the

16 future, and we hope to be there for you.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

19 Mr. Thoresen.

20 MR. THORESEN: Good morning. My name is

21 Jim Thoresen, and I am with the Truman National

22 Security Project.

23 The Truman National Security Project is a

24 national security leadership institute based in

25 Washington, DC that recruits, trains and positions
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2 progressives across America to lead on national

3 security.

4 Operation Free is a campaign of Truman

5 National Security. And that is a nationwide

6 coalition of veterans that recognize climate change

7 and oil dependence pose serious threats to the

8 United States national security.

9 We believe it is our duty to protect America

10 by advocating for clean domestic energy production.

11 Operation Free advocates for policies at all

12 level of government that include reducing America's

13 oil independence, slow climate change, and make us

14 more competitive in clean energy.

15 As a veteran of the United States Army

16 Security Agency, I joined Operation Free to work

17 with our other veterans and national security

18 organizations to ensure that we have an energy

19 future that keeps our nation secure, independent

20 and boosts our national economy.

21 At the present time, we spend one billion

22 dollars per day on imported oil, which threatens

23 our national security.

24 The Department of Defense and our military

25 forces have established ambitious goals to reduce
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2 the dependency on oil.

3 The Army presently has over 4,000 electric

4 vehicles. The Air Force will have 50 percent of

5 its aviation fuels from biofuels by 2016. The Navy

6 aims to reduce its petroleum usage by 50 percent in

7 its commercial fleet by 2015, and the Marines a

8 30-percent energy reduction by 2015 as well.

9 The 54.5 mile per gallon standard for cars and

10 light trucks by 2025 is an important step to start

11 to further reduce our national thirst for imported

12 oil.

13 Do we want to keep one billion dollars a day

14 here on our soil and in our national economy, or do

15 we want to continue to send this money to others

16 who may not have America's national interest at

17 heart?

18 Each and every day we are sending a billion

19 dollars overseas for oil when this money could be

20 staying here in support of our economy.

21 A billion dollars a day, please think about

22 that.

23 The 54.5 mile per gallon standard not only

24 improves our economic security and our national

25 security, but makes America competitive with
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2 foreign automobile manufacturers, who are currently

3 operating its standards higher than our own.

4 The reduction of energy with the improvement

5 in fuel standards along with other alternative fuel

6 developments is a direction that we can no longer

7 afford to ignore. It is a matter of national

8 security and in the interest of every American.

9 Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

11 Mr. Zarwin. Excuse me. I think

12 Representative Vitali.

13 MR. VITALI: Thank you very much. Thank

14 you for holding these hearings, NHTSA and EPA.

15 And thank Sierra Club for facilitating my

16 appearance here. I'm lucky enough to have Robin

17 Mann as a constituent of mine.

18 I have been in the state house for -- this is

19 my 20th year. And I've served on the House

20 Environmental Committee for that same length of

21 time, and have worked on state environmental laws

22 and regulations.

23 This is my first time before the EPA or

24 hearings, so you'll excuse me for my inexperience.

25 But I thought it was important that I physically be
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2 here to underscore the importance of the issue.

3 My constituents, they can't agree on anything,

4 and this in particular. But they trust my

5 judgment, and my judgment is that it's vital that

6 we enact these CAFE and greenhouse standards.

7 And the reasons have largely been stated:

8 Climate change, national security and saving

9 consumers money.

10 Climate change, in my view and in view of many

11 others, the most important environmental problem

12 this planet faces.

13 And it's my understanding in reading materials

14 that the cars and light trucks that are the subject

15 of these standards complete about four percent of

16 the entire world's greenhouse gas emissions. So

17 that's really significant.

18 From a political perspective, it's clear that

19 the U.S. Congress is not going to do the right

20 thing as far as greenhouse gas and climate change

21 goes. They're not going to pass cap and trade,

22 they're not going to pass a carbon tax.

23 But the Obama administration can do this.

24 This is one thing we can do to address climate

25 change and therefore it's vital that we do it.
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2 On the issue of national security, you know,

3 it's ironic because I actually had some materials

4 to quote Operation Free because we worked together

5 at a state level on these issues.

6 And you make very good points about how we're

7 entangling ourselves with hostile regimes and we're

8 indirectly funding those regimes by the purchase of

9 oil. You make great points on that.

10 I'm a fan of Andrew Baker, who is a military,

11 West Point grad, and I think a BU professor. And

12 he talks about since the end of the Cold War, we

13 have repositioned our military assets in the world

14 to protect large supplies of gas and oil.

15 So our whole military budget seems to be

16 driven by -- by this problem, which is one more

17 reason to enact these standards to reduce that sort

18 of entanglement.

19 A friend of mine, DEP Former Secretary John

20 Hanger, talked recently in a blog about how even

21 though the military entanglement issue is

22 important, if the price of a barrel of gas goes

23 about $125 for an extended period of time, it can

24 have a devastating effect on our economy. Again,

25 one reason to control the demand -- demand side of
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2 things.

3 And the -- finally, the consumer protection

4 perspective materials I read indicate that over the

5 life of this program, a consumer who purchases a

6 car when the cost of the vehicle increases or

7 netted out is going to save around $3,500.

8 So all very good reasons to support this. We

9 have to support our present politics being what

10 they are. We don't want anyone to blink on this.

11 We want to make sure Congress doesn't do anything

12 crazy and try to block something like this

13 legislatively.

14 So I'm here to support it, to do any little

15 thing I can to make sure it moves forward

16 unimpeded.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

19 Any of my colleagues have questions for the

20 Panelists?

21 MS. OGE: I have a clarification

22 question for Nancy.

23 Nancy, good morning. Your second

24 recommendation I believe you said the standards --

25 am I reading it right -- are introduced earlier so
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2 the cost can come down.

3 Can you elaborate a little bit what you mean

4 by that statement.

5 MS. HOMEISTER: What we're hopeful about

6 is that if new technologies come into vehicles are

7 incorporated into vehicle design and production

8 earlier, that then it will be shown that the cost

9 of having those technologies in vehicles lessens

10 the idea that, you know, you down the cost of -- as

11 you move into production, you move down the cost in

12 terms of implementing the technologies and the cost

13 drops for production.

14 MS. OGE: Thank you.

15 Now we're going to call the second Panel. And

16 I know there have been some changes, so you know

17 who you are.

18 Good morning. We'll start with Dr. Tsou.

19 MR. TSOU: Good morning. Thank you very

20 much. My name is Dr. Walter Tsou. I'm President

21 of Philadelphia Physicians for Social

22 Responsibility. I've also served as health

23 commissioner for the City of Philadelphia and past

24 president of the American Public Health

25 Association.
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2 I know that our nation has set achievable

3 goals which encourages movement away from our

4 dependence on fossil fuel.

5 The proposed clean car regulations would be a

6 game changer and perhaps the most important

7 environmental step we can take for the future

8 beginning in 2017.

9 In our city, which prides itself on urban

10 sustainability, and as an owner of a Toyota Prius,

11 we cannot, nor should we get rid of cars, but we

12 can assist that they get better mileage.

13 For example, the Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid

14 will be coming to 15 states, including New Jersey,

15 this March, two months from now. And it's

16 estimated to get an eye popping 87 miles per

17 gallon.

18 The proposed regulations for 2017 to 2025

19 would dramatically increase our development and

20 acceptance of plug-in hybrid cars, electric and

21 fuel cell vehicles as the vehicles of the future.

22 In turn, we could have cleaner car emissions

23 with less smog-producing components like ozone and

24 particulate matter, which incidentally has been a

25 goal that Philadelphia has failed to achieve year
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2 after year.

3 New car standards could change this. It would

4 change how we think of parking garages and parking

5 lots as more than asphalt lots into future charging

6 stations maybe with the U-Go program that we heard.

7 And it would change our priorities from oil to

8 renewable sources which can feed the electric grid

9 such as wind, geothermal and ocean.

10 Homeowners could create their own electricity

11 with solar panels and theoretically charge their

12 plug-in hybrid for the price of sunshine.

13 Finally, the mad rush to do unconventional gas

14 drilling, Arctic exploration, deep sea drilling,

15 other environmentally risky techniques would not be

16 as needed, nor would we be so dependent to engage

17 in wars over oil.

18 The oil and gas industry have held a

19 stranglehold on our country because we have become,

20 in the words of Former President Bush, addicted to

21 oil.

22 It's time to break the habit, get clean, and

23 turn our life around. We need to do this for the

24 sake of our country and our children's feature.

25 Thank you.
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2 MS. OGE: Thank you.

3 Jody Holton, good morning.

4 MS. HOLTON: Good morning. My name is

5 Jody Holton. I'm glad that Penn Environment

6 contacted me to provide more of a resident and

7 professional perspective on this new standards.

8 As a resident and parent living in a

9 nonattainment area with two small children, I find

10 myself in doctor's offices wondering if this visit

11 will be the one that my child is diagnosed with

12 asthma. It's not an unreasonable concern.

13 And I'm worried also about our economy being

14 so closely tied to the price of gas and our

15 national security being tied to it as well.

16 On a professional level, I've spent a good

17 portion of my career as a community planning

18 consultant working for smart group communities that

19 encourage people to live in revitalized communities

20 in our urban core, as well as in new small group

21 communities around the region where people have the

22 ability and choice to walk, bike or take public

23 transit to work, to school, and to run errands.

24 But this is not enough to reduce our

25 dependence on oil. And it's unfair in some ways to
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2 have -- to encourage people to live in

3 nonattainment areas where we cannot depend on the

4 quality of our air to sustain us.

5 I pay taxes so that the government can afford

6 to think strategically about our future and protect

7 our public health.

8 We have the ability to change and provide

9 opportunity for more jobs. I understand that these

10 standards could create up to 500,000 jobs for the

11 country.

12 Those are my comments. Thank you.

13 MS. OGE: Thank you, Ms. Holton.

14 Mr. Gary Oshnock, good morning.

15 MR. OSHNOCK: Good morning. I am Gary

16 Oshnock, Chrysler Group LLC's Regulatory Affairs

17 Program Manager.

18 I appreciate the opportunity to comment here

19 today on EPA and NHTSA's proposed national

20 greenhouse gas and fuel economy rules.

21 Chrysler recognizes the benefits for the

22 country of continuing the national program to

23 address fuel economy and greenhouse gas. EPA and

24 NHTSA began this program in 2009 with standards for

25 model years 2012 through 2016. And now the
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2 agencies are continuing it for model years 2017

3 through 2025.

4 The challenge of meeting the proposed

5 standards must not be underestimated.

6 We believe it is important to observe that

7 reaching the projected overall average of 163 grams

8 per mile carbon dioxide in model year 2025 will

9 have to be achieved within 13 years or roughly two

10 product cycles.

11 We at Chrysler appreciate the opportunity to

12 offer brief comments concerning the proposed national

13 greenhouse gas and fuel economy program. Chrysler

14 supports the goals of the program.

15 Sergio Marchionne, our CEO, is also the CEO of

16 Fiat S.p.A., which is the industry's fuel economy

17 leader in Europe. He understands and endorses

18 these commitments, and is determined to pursue the

19 product actions necessary for Chrysler to meet

20 these 2017 model year plus standards.

21 Chrysler and Fiat have already begun

22 transforming fleet fuel efficiency improvements on

23 our flagship Chrysler 300 Sedan, which achieves a

24 best in class 31 miles per gallon with its new

25 eight-speed transmission, and our recently revealed
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2 Dodge Dart with its one point four-liter multi-air

3 engine and six-speed, dual dry-clutch transmission.

4 Chrysler is also working on tomorrow's

5 advanced technology vehicles with the planned

6 launch of our Fiat 500 electric vehicle, and our

7 collaborative efforts with the Department of Energy

8 to develop plug-in hybrids electric technology for

9 our minivan and Ram 1500 Pickup.

10 Chrysler strongly supports a single harmonized

11 national greenhouse gas and fuel economy

12 performance standard that allows manufacturers to

13 offer vehicles that customers want to buy at prices

14 they can afford.

15 The availability of supporting cost effective

16 technologies, along with the aforementioned

17 customer considerations, will provide the proper

18 measure of performance for this proposed program.

19 Chrysler will support the final rules if they

20 reflect a commitment and foundational principles of

21 the framework agreement.

22 The foundational principles are, one, strong

23 performance requirements; two, a midterm review

24 that reflects customer acceptance; and three, the

25 broad use of incentives to encourage technology
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2 innovations and early integration into production

3 vehicles.

4 We believe the midterm review is critical in

5 determining whether the customers are buying and

6 willing to continue to buy the technology packages

7 needed to comply with the standards year over year.

8 Efforts to search for parameters that measure

9 potential customer acceptance must not lose sight of

10 the most important question: Are they buying the

11 product?

12 Measuring whether customers will buy what we

13 offer next year is also already a challenge.

14 Speculating as far as 13 years in the future holds

15 significant uncertainty and risk.

16 A midterm assessment of the underlying

17 rulemaking assumptions provides a credible and

18 equitable mechanism to adjust standards for future

19 customer and technology uncertainties, and is the

20 primary reason Chrysler supports this program.

21 I would like to also offer comments on other

22 provisions of the proposed rule.

23 First, Chrysler agrees with setting the truck

24 performance premise based on the underlying

25 physics of these types of vehicles.
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2 We believe the proposed 2017 to 2025 model

3 year standards support this premise, and address the

4 deficiencies in the '12 to '16 model year role,

5 which overlook these factors.

6 The truck standards for 2012 through '16 model

7 year were not supported by fundamental science.

8 Accommodating that science will seem to be

9 restricted by statutory direction to not backslide

10 on standards from previous years.

11 The 2017 to 2025 model year truck standards

12 are challenging while respecting the utility of

13 these vehicles and their importance to the nation's

14 economy.

15 Secondly, Chrysler supports the additional

16 detail proposed for capturing off-cycle fuel

17 economy and greenhouse gas improvements.

18 The agencies build on this '12 to '16 model

19 year regulation that recognizes improvements in

20 fuel economy and greenhouse gases that are not

21 captured in laboratory tests, but do have real world

22 reductions.

23 And finally, there are references to minimum

24 penetration levels in various aspects of the

25 proposed role. These thresholds are unnecessary
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2 and serve as potential disincentives to invest in

3 new technologies.

4 We propose that all actions be recognized as

5 they historically have been, on a per-vehicle-so6 equipped basis. This is an equitable approach

7 where every vehicle built with the required

8 technology of our customers is acknowledged.

9 If a minimum penetration rate is required, the

10 manufacturer will be discouraged from pursuing

11 innovative technologies with uncertain acceptance

12 and possibly no credit or pay backs.

13 In conclusion, I reiterate Chrysler's support

14 for a single harmonized national standard for fuel

15 economy and greenhouse gas emissions.

16 We look forward to continuing to work with the

17 agencies throughout the rulemaking process and

18 after the final rule is published later this year.

19 Thank you for your attention.

20 MS. OGE: Thank you.

21 Mr. Kevin Riley, good morning.

22 MR. RILEY: Yes, good morning. How are

23 you?

24 I am Kevin Riley, the owner and president of

25 Alexandria Hyundai in Alexandria, Virginia.
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2 And I will do my best to keep my comments

3 within the five-minute time frame. As a father of

4 four, I'm used to speaking quickly.

5 But do I appreciate the opportunity to comment

6 on the proposed greenhouse gas and fuel economy

7 regulations for model years 2017 through 2025.

8 Along with my Hyundai colleague, I appreciate

9 the effort on the part of all agencies in

10 developing feasible and harmonized national

11 greenhouse gas and CAFE standards.

12 Given my ten years owning and running

13 Alexandria Hyundai, I hope to bring a bit of retail

14 perspective as it pertains to this discussion.

15 That is what our customers are telling us

16 regarding fuel efficiency and what their actions

17 show by virtue of their purchase behavior.

18 By way of background, I opened Alexandria

19 Hyundai in 2001. Since that time, we have grown to

20 be one of the top 35 sales volume Hyundai dealers

21 in the nation. As such, we are fortunate to have a

22 large data pool of feedback from which to draw.

23 Prior to opening the dealership, I worked as a

24 management consultant and attorney. I'm a graduate

25 of Georgetown University, the University of
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2 Virginia School of Law, and Duke University's Fuqua

3 School of Business.

4 I was appointed to the Virginia Motor Vehicle

5 Dealer Board in 2005 by then-Governor Warner. And

6 I currently serve as the Vice Chairman of the

7 Washington, DC Auto Show where we regularly

8 showcase new innovations in safety and

9 sustainability.

10 However, today I'll be speaking solely in my

11 capacity as owner and president of Alexandria

12 Hyundai.

13 The Washington metropolitan market in which my

14 dealership operates services a very highly educated

15 work force. Our customer thoroughly researches our

16 vehicle choices before arriving at our dealership.

17 Safety, reliability, styling and fuel economy

18 are all key considerations for our customers when

19 selecting a vehicle brand or model.

20 As for our Hyundai customers, they clearly

21 value fuel economy, Hyundai's position is one of

22 the industry's most fuel-efficient auto makers

23 resonates well with perspective customers.

24 And they often know prior to arriving at the

25 dealership that Hyundai's fleet includes four
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2 models that achieve EPA highway fuel economy

3 ratings of 40 MPG.

4 These four models: The Elantra, the Veloster,

5 the Sonata Hybrid and the Accent represent 45

6 percent of our dealership's total new Hyundai sales

7 in 2011.

8 When you add the Sonata, our popular selling

9 mid size sedan that achieves EPA highway fuel

10 economy rating of 35 MPG, these fuel-efficient

11 models represent 71 percent of our total new

12 Hyundai sales in 2011.

13 I believe our customers will continue to value

14 and place great emphasis on fuel economy. And that

15 is one of the reasons I generally support the

16 proposed standards.

17 I have seen firsthand how customers are open

18 to new platforms and technologies when selecting a

19 new vehicle.

20 For example, in its 2011 Hyundai year in

21 introducing the flagship Sonata model announced it

22 would eliminate the option of the less

23 fuel-efficient six-cylinder engine consumers had

24 grown to look for in previous Sonata models.

25 Consumers took to this change in stride,
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2 especially given the technological advances in the

3 four-cylinder engine that boosted fuel economy and

4 horsepower at the same time, and provided Hyundai

5 Motor America with its highest Sonata sales volume

6 in its history, over 225,000 units sold.

7 The 54.5 MPG target for 2025 represents a

8 significant advance from where we are as an

9 industry today.

10 Achieving the 54.5 MPG target will most

11 certainly require a great deal of automotive

12 ingenuity and substantial investment on the part of

13 all key stakeholders.

14 However, I am certain consumers will continue

15 to demand improvements in fuel economy and purchase

16 vehicles from manufacturer vehicle offerings

17 achieving that target.

18 As a contingency, if consumers in fact reject

19 these vehicle offerings, it is my understanding the

20 midterm review provides an opportunity to reset the

21 goals if the needed technology cannot be provided

22 at a reasonable price.

23 The agencies have acknowledged the

24 technologies needed to meet regulations will

25 increase the cost of vehicles. Thus for all
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2 stakeholders involved, including consumers, auto

3 dealers and manufacturers, we must have a clear

4 understanding of how much vehicle costs will

5 increase, and whether consumers will perceive

6 sufficient value in those increases to pay for

7 them.

8 Demands for such technological advances is not

9 a new aspect; it is a balance, the achievement of

10 which will require a collective effort.

11 As a Hyundai dealer, I witness this balance

12 firsthand with the introduction of our all new 2011

13 Elantra model.

14 Due to the significant technological advances

15 incorporated in the new vehicle, including

16 substantially increased fuel economy, the

17 transaction price of the new Elantra was

18 significantly higher than its predecessor.

19 Consumers weighed the increase in price

20 against the backdrop of the technological

21 enhancements of the new vehicle, including improved

22 fuel economy, and then in the end responded

23 positively.

24 Elantra sales for 2011 set an all time record,

25 and the Elantra was just named 2012 North American
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2 car of the year.

3 I state this example to underscore that while

4 we must remain sensitive to cost increases,

5 consumers will see value in and pay for

6 advancements in technologies that improve their

7 lives and the lives of those around them.

8 Additionally, I know Hyundai is working hard

9 to provide low cost fuel-efficient vehicles, and

10 have no doubt Hyundai will continue to seek the

11 most efficient ways to improve fuel economy.

12 Hyundai will invest over $12 billion this year

13 alone in research and development activities.

14 Hyundai has its own steel plant, and has

15 developed high-strength, low-alloy steel to

16 decrease the weight of vehicles without

17 compromising safety.

18 Hyundai also has high aspirations for fuel

19 cell vehicles, which over time offer promising

20 pathways to energy independence and environmental

21 sustainability.

22 In the end, I see the proposed regulations as

23 an impetus to all auto makers to provide

24 increasingly fuel-efficient transportation to

25 consumers for the next decade and beyond.
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2 The regulations will afford retailers like

3 Alexandria Hyundai the opportunity to sell vehicles

4 with significant advancements and fuel efficiency,

5 and in doing so satisfy the needs of its customers.

6 Thank you for the opportunity to comment

7 today.

8 MS. OGE: Thank you.

9 Mr. Justin Johnson, good morning.

10 MR. JOHNSON: Good morning. My name is

11 Justin Johnson. I'm the Deputy Commissioner of the

12 Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation.

13 And I'm here today speaking on behalf of the

14 Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use

15 Management.

16 NESCAUM is an association of the air pollution

17 control agencies in Connecticut, Maine,

18 Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,

19 Rhode Island and Vermont.

20 The proposed rule is a positive step that

21 builds on the progress made under the current CAFE

22 rules, and will achieve important economic and

23 environmental benefits.

24 These proposed new standards will

25 significantly reduce fuel consumption and
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2 greenhouse gas emissions and expand the use of

3 alternative fuels.

4 Consumers will benefit from decreased

5 vulnerability to fuel price volatility, and from

6 the long-term fuel cost savings it will more than

7 offset the initial added vehicle costs necessary to

8 meet the standards.

9 In November 2010, NESCAUM submitted comments

10 to the previous notice of upcoming joint rulemaking

11 encouraging EPA to consider incorporating a

12 requirement for six-percent annual rate of

13 improvement in greenhouse gas emissions and fuel

14 consumption.

15 The proposed rule before us today incorporates

16 carbon dioxide emissions reduction at average

17 annual rates in model years 2017 through 2021 of

18 five percent for passenger cars and three point

19 five percent for light trucks.

20 For model years '22 through 2025 the rate is

21 set at five percent for all light-duty vehicles.

22 NESCAUM states continue to affirm our previous

23 position that a six-percent rate is technically

24 feasible and economically practical and encourage

25 EPA to strongly consider incorporating this more
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2 stringent rate of improvement into the rule.

3 As part of the basis for the proposed rates

4 of improvement, EPA projects that battery electric

5 vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles will

6 account for as little as one percent of sales in

7 2021 and three percent of sales in 2025.

8 Yet nearly every major auto manufacturer will

9 have EVs and PHEVs in production within the three

10 years -- within three years.

11 EPA and the Department of Transportation

12 previously estimated that a fleet-wide six-percent

13 annual rate of improvement could be achieved with

14 as little as four percent combined sale share of

15 EVs and PHEVs in 2025, provided that sales of

16 conventional hybrids continue to increase.

17 Four counts of significant reductions in the

18 weight and cost of electric vehicle technologies

19 further support our conclusion that the most

20 increase in sales of these advanced technology

21 vehicles require to achieve a fleet-wide

22 six-percent annual rate of improvement is viable.

23 The NESCAUM states support inclusion of

24 flexibility mechanisms in the proposed rule

25 providing manufacturers with pathways to compliance
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2 and a range of technologies efficient to meet the

3 goal of the program.

4 Allowing credit transfers between a

5 manufacturer's passenger car and light truck fleet

6 will facilitate compliance without reducing the

7 greenhouse gas benefits of the program, as do

8 provisions that carry forward and carry back

9 generated credits.

10 In addition, the inclusion of credits for

11 air-conditioning system improvements provide an

12 opportunity for the program to address emissions of

13 a class of high global warming potential

14 refrigerants, the hydrofluorocarbons.

15 The NESCAUM states support EPA's proposed zero

16 gram per mile incentive for EVs and PHEVs as a

17 reasonable accommodation recognizing the initial

18 barriers to adoption of these technologies.

19 While our states recognize that the zero

20 emission factor for electricity used to power these

21 advanced vehicles does not make it -- take into

22 account the actual upstream emissions from electric

23 generation.

24 The application of the zero factor for model

25 years 2017 through 2021 will provide auto
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2 manufacturers with a greater incentive for more

3 rapid deployment of these technologies allowing for

4 greater environmental benefits in the long run.

5 While for this time frame we support the

6 concept to forego accounting for net upstream

7 electric power generation emissions, we in turn

8 support in principle EPA's proposal for sales cap

9 above which upstream emissions are included in

10 model years 2022 through 2025.

11 We urge EPA to continue to evaluate the

12 greenhouse gas effects of these provisions, and

13 take the necessary steps to ensure preservation of

14 the overall goals of the program.

15 The NESCAUM states support EPA's proposal to

16 calculate fuel economy for dedicated alternative

17 fuel vehicles using only 15 percent of actual

18 energy consumed as this provides a strong incentive

19 for increased deployment of compressed national gas

20 and fuel cell vehicles.

21 In the initial years of the standards, these

22 vehicles will account for a very small fraction of

23 overall sales and therefore own a small percentage

24 of overall greenhouse gas emissions from the

25 light-duty vehicle fleet.
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2 Continued monitoring of the effects of this

3 approach will ensure that the bulk of the emissions

4 reductions are preserved. Therefore, we support

5 EPA's proposal for midterm review to evaluate the

6 potential revisions to the program including

7 greenhouse gas impacts to the proposed treatment of

8 electricity and alternative fuel energy.

9 In summary, the joint EPA/NHTSA effort to

10 address greenhouse gas emissions and fuel

11 consumption through this rulemaking is a positive

12 step that builds on the progress of the current

13 CAFE rules.

14 NESCAUM states encourage EPA to consider the

15 six-percent annual rate of improvement, and will

16 provide more written comments, more specific

17 written comments, before the close of the comment

18 period.

19 Thanks for the opportunity to testify.

20 MS. OGE: Thank you.

21 Now we are calling Representative Tony Payton.

22 Good morning.

23 MR. PAYTON: Good morning. Thank you for

24 the opportunity to testify in support of increasing

25 the CAFE standards and providing a more
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2 sustainable, eco-friendly and rewarding car fleet

3 in this country.

4 This call to action directly addresses the

5 growing burden of gas prices on families and

6 individuals whether they travel for work, school,

7 or leisure.

8 The average gas price in Pennsylvania is

9 $3.46, not far the national average of $3.37.

10 By the year 2030, the proposed standards would

11 save American consumers nearly $45 billion annually

12 at the gas pump.

13 Even after accounting for the cost of new

14 technology, that comes out to an annual savings of

15 about $330 per family.

16 Beyond the financial impact, implementing

17 higher standards would cut annual global warming

18 pollution by roughly 280 million metric tons of

19 reduced oil consumption by nearly 23 billion

20 gallons by 2030.

21 While some opponents may argue that the cost of

22 meeting these standards are too great, however when

23 compared to the tangible and achievable results,

24 the environmental benefits far outweigh the cost.

25 As we move forward as a society, we must take
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2 meaningful steps to ensure that we live -- that

3 where we live is clean and sustainable, the single

4 biggest step this country has ever taken to tackle

5 global warming and get off oil all while saving

6 Americans money at the gas pump.

7 And I would say that as an asthma sufferer and

8 in a district where we have many folks who suffer

9 disproportionately from asthma, you know, I for one

10 enjoy clean air.

11 And that we have the technology to get there.

12 And if we look at it over the long view, consumers

13 will save. And this also presents the biggest

14 opportunity in sourcing in this country. So in

15 short, we can, we should push forward with this.

16 Thank you.

17 MS. OGE: Thank you. Mr. Tom Baloga,

18 good morning.

19 MR. BALOGA: Good morning. My name is

20 Tom Baloga. I'm the Vice President of Engineering

21 for BMW North America.

22 Last July the head of BMW South Carolina

23 plant, Josef Kerscher, stood with President Obama

24 and auto industry executives in Washington, DC in

25 support of aggressive new fuel economy and
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2 greenhouse gas reduction standards for America.

3 One week ago Josef Kerscher stood with South

4 Carolina Governor Haley to help announce a new

5 $900 million investment in America from BMW adding

6 700 jobs at our plant.

7 BMW is committed to continuously improving

8 efficiency, maximizing driving excitement, and

9 adding excellent paying jobs here in America.

10 On behalf of the BMW Group, I'm pleased to

11 have an opportunity today to again support EPA and

12 the NHTSA on this rulemaking proposal.

13 Having recognized the need to address climate

14 change early on, the BMW Group is currently the

15 auto industry's seven-time world leader for

16 sustainability as determined by the Dow Jones

17 sustainability index.

18 In the year 2000 BMW management conceived and

19 launched an efficient dynamics program to reduce

20 CO2 emissions and improve fuel economy while at the

21 same time preserving the ultimate driving machine

22 performance our vehicle owners have come to expect.

23 To date we've invested more than one and a

24 half billion dollars into efficient dynamics in

25 order to apply this program across all model lines.
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2 Our philosophy is to apply efficiency

3 improvements to every product we build as quickly

4 as possible.

5 We commend both the EPA and the NHTSA for the

6 efforts to continue to refine the program that was

7 previously established for model years 2012 to

8 2016.

9 And that program permits auto makers to build

10 a single light-duty national fleet supplying the

11 requirements of each agency program as well as

12 those of the State of California.

13 A single national program is critical for us

14 so we can plan, design and build the most efficient

15 vehicles for all of America.

16 Achievable greenhouse gas emission reductions

17 and commensurate fuel economy increases depends on

18 both designing more fuel-efficient vehicles and

19 increasing market demand for such vehicles. We can

20 build the vehicles, but consumers must buy them.

21 A comprehensive emission reduction policy

22 needs to consider all aspects, most importantly

23 consumer demand.

24 Therefore, the midterm review is a very

25 important pillar in the proposed rule in order to
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2 monitor the development of external factors, which

3 are not under any manufacturer's direct control.

4 I can't emphasize this enough. A midterm

5 review is critical for reassessment of what

6 technology can deliver and what consumers are

7 willing to buy.

8 We accept our responsibility for vehicle

9 efficiency, but we have no control over carbon

10 content of electricity generation and cannot be

11 held responsible for energy mix decisions made

12 decades ago.

13 We auto makers can influence tailpipe

14 emissions, but we cannot influence power plant

15 emissions.

16 In conclusion, the BMW Group is committed to

17 working constructively with EPA and NHTSA to

18 continue a single national program for model years

19 2017 to 2025.

20 We'll submit written comments elaborating on

21 these and other issues in more detail before the

22 close of the comment.

23 We very much appreciate the efforts of the

24 State of California to ensure the continuation of a

25 single national program going forward.
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2 Thank you very much.

3 MS. OGE: Thank you.

4 Mr. Kevin Stewart, good morning.

5 MR. STEWART: Good morning. I thank the

6 Hearing Panel for your work here today.

7 I am Kevin Stewart, and I serve as Director of

8 Environmental Health for the American Lung

9 Association of the Mid-Atlantic.

10 I am representing not only the three million

11 people in our four-state service area who suffer

12 from chronic lung disease, but also the tens of

13 millions more who desire to breathe clean air and

14 so protect their good health.

15 Our oldest predecessor agency was founded here

16 in Philadelphia 120 years ago to fight

17 tuberculosis.

18 And we are now dedicated to our broader

19 mission of improving lung health and preventing

20 lung disease. We have been fighting for relief

21 from ambient air pollution since the middle of the

22 last century.

23 American Lung Association of the Mid-Atlantic

24 is pleased that the Environmental Protection Agency

25 and the National Highway Traffic Safety
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2 Administration have jointly proposed more stringent

3 national standards to reduce greenhouse gas

4 emissions and to increase corporate average fuel

5 economy.

6 When implemented the new standards will be

7 remarkable achievements.

8 Although reducing traditional air pollution

9 emissions is not the primary focus of the proposed

10 rules, in some scenarios result in increases for

11 particular vehicle pollutants, notably carbon

12 monoxide and aldehydes.

13 ALA nevertheless recognizes that the general

14 trend across the alternatives considered is to

15 lower emissions of ambient air pollutants when

16 compared with the no action alternative.

17 Not only does the preferred alternative, the

18 proposed standards, result in significantly lower

19 carbon dioxide emissions.

20 But these standards also result in lower

21 levels of sulfur dioxide, fine particle pollution,

22 volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides,

23 benzene and diesel particulate matter once fleet

24 turnover would be substantially complete by 2040

25 with the reduction in VOCs and NOx yielding
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2 corresponding increases in ground level ozone.

3 Taken together the monetized health benefits

4 for the United States with respect to criteria air

5 pollutants and hazardous air pollutants from

6 implementing a proposed rule can be expected to be

7 valued in the neighborhood of $5 to $10 billion.

8 Therefore, the American Lung Association of

9 the Mid-Atlantic is here today to put these main

10 messages into the record.

11 We support the proposed rule, and we encourage

12 EPA and NHTSA to promulgate a final rule that

13 achieves at least the degree of reduction in air

14 pollutants as a proposal would accomplish.

15 We also support changes to testing procedures

16 and calculations that properly reflect actual

17 experience.

18 However, while reasonable flexibility is

19 important, we oppose the introduction of loopholes

20 that weaken the ability of the rule to achieve its

21 scheduled goals.

22 The scientific consensus is that climate

23 change caused by the buildup of greenhouse gases

24 will increase the risk of unhealthful ambient ozone

25 levels since higher temperatures enhance the
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2 conditions for ozone formation.

3 To protect human health, the nation needs

4 strong measures to reduce climate change and ozone.

5 And the proposed vehicle standards before us today

6 are clearly a step in the right direction.

7 Although we applaud the small successes the

8 rule achieves with respect to controlling emissions

9 of criteria pollutants and hazardous air pollution,

10 much more remains to be accomplished.

11 The relatively modest reductions of air

12 pollutants and in some cases their anticipated

13 increases are troublesome in their inadequacies for

14 a sector that contributes such a large fraction of

15 the inventory of ambient air pollutants.

16 Therefore, just last week the American Lung

17 Association nationally in concert with six other

18 leading public health and medical organizations

19 wrote to EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson to request

20 that she should move forward with Tier 3

21 vehicle emission and fuel standards, and that she

22 finalize those standards as soon as possible.

23 According to the National Association of Clean

24 Air Agencies, by 2030 such standards will reduce

25 overall mobile source emission of NOx by 29
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2 percent, CO by 38 percent and VOCs by 26 percent.

3 And finally, our purpose in testifying today

4 is to remind everyone about the reason why we

5 advocate for these measures. Public health is at

6 stake.

7 We emphasize that the populations potentially

8 at risk from exposure to ozone smog and fine

9 particle pollution are not a small minority of

10 particularly sensitive persons.

11 But in a service territory of the American

12 Lung Association of the Mid-Atlantic, ours is

13 constituted of groups containing hundreds of

14 thousands or even millions of individuals. They

15 include infants, and elderly, people with asthma,

16 and those with heart disease, people in poverty,

17 and people exposed outdoors.

18 Indeed far from being a small minority,

19 persons falling into one or more of these high-risk

20 groups together comprise more than half the

21 population.

22 And even more important to remember every one

23 of these millions is a real person, not a nameless

24 statistic. Every one of these people is a human

25 being worthy of our attention: A neighbor, a
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2 coworker, a friend, a family member, maybe even

3 yourself.

4 MS. OGE: Thank you.

5 Any questions for the Panel?

6 I'd like to thank you for your testimony.

7 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. I think we're

8 ready for the next Panel, please.

9 Representative Josephs, could you please give

10 your name slowly to the Court Reporter. Thank you

11 very much.

12 MS. JOSEPHS: My name is Babette,

13 B-A-B-E-T-T-E, Josephs, with an S at the end.

14 I'm very happy to be here to have the

15 opportunity to testify. I'm very impressed by the

16 Panel that I heard before, and I'm sure this Panel

17 will be just as impressive.

18 I am not going to repeat all of the their

19 testimony because I would like to just incorporate

20 it in everything that I would like to say.

21 But I would like to say something that none of

22 them can say, which is welcome to the 182nd

23 District. This is the area that I represent.

24 And I also think the second thing I would like

25 to say about my constituents and myself I think is
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2 probably very rare and very few people can say it.

3 I do not own a car. I do not drive a car.

4 And I believe that is true of an enormous number of

5 my constituents who live in and around South

6 Philadelphia and Center City.

7 And one of the reasons that they are in Center

8 City and South Philadelphia is because they do not

9 want to rely upon a private passenger vehicle.

10 And yet we still breathe the air, we still

11 suffer from the economy, we still live in a society

12 in which more jobs need to be created.

13 I am very, very much in favor of these

14 standards at strict as possible. I would not like

15 to see any loopholes.

16 I would also end by saying just a little

17 politics. Observing this administration over the

18 last now almost four years, it seems clear to me

19 that the detractors are not going to be satisfied

20 by any -- anything. By anything.

21 That this administration can satisfy

22 environmentalists and retailers and people in the

23 car industry and folks who worry about their health

24 and everybody else's health by doing as they have

25 been urged by all the speakers that I have heard
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2 not to do it -- give no political benefit

3 whatsoever.

4 So I really appreciate the opportunity to be

5 here. I'm sorry I'm hacking away. Thank you very

6 much.

7 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you for your

8 participation today.

9 Mark Cooper.

10 MR. COOPER: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

11 I am Dr. Mark Cooper, Director of Research at

12 the Consumer Federation of America.

13 I gladly appreciate the opportunity to appear

14 today because we believe that the benefits of this

15 proposed rule are obvious.

16 They lower the cost of driving and will save

17 consumers thousands of dollars per vehicle. It

18 will save the national economy hundreds of billions

19 of dollars.

20 They lower our imports, lower our

21 vulnerability to supply disruptions. Above all,

22 these are a consumer-friendly set of rules. This

23 is the consumer policy that will benefit American

24 consumers.

25 And the only question then is will they
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2 succeed. And that's a question we hear repeatedly.

3 And the answer we believe is an emphatic yes.

4 Consumers will buy the new fuel-efficient

5 vehicles enabling auto makers to reach the targets

6 that have been set. Not because they're so

7 beneficial in terms of economics. That's

8 important.

9 But also because the rules have been written

10 in a consumer-friendly fashion that is sensitive to

11 the needs of the industry. And that is the

12 backbone of the political consensus that you have

13 heard this morning.

14 Let me briefly give you six broad categories

15 of why these rules will work.

16 First, the public is concerned about gasoline

17 and that leads to support for higher fuel economy

18 and it changes consumer behavior.

19 Seventy-five percent or more of respondents to

20 our public opinion polls. And we've conducted a

21 dozen over the last six or seven years.

22 Seventy-five percent are concerned about

23 gasoline prices and dependence on Mideast oil.

24 They think it is important to reduce oil

25 consumption. They support higher fuel economy
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2 standards as a good way to do so.

3 Almost two-thirds of respondents support a

4 60-mile per gallon standard as long as the payback

5 period is within three to five years. And that is

6 the case with these standards.

7 Second of all, consumers have shown a

8 willingness to shift their buying patterns in light

9 of recent gas price spikes.

10 Since 2004 the following changes in market

11 shares have taken place in the auto industry. And

12 if I had told you this was going to happen in 2004,

13 you would have told me I was crazy. And yet this

14 is the reality.

15 Four-cylinder engines have increased from

16 28 percent to 48 percent, cars from 48 percent to

17 59 percent, small and mid-sized crossover SUVs have

18 more than doubled to over 21 percent, hybrids have

19 increased from less than one percent to over six

20 percent, and small cars have remained constant over

21 that period at 47 percent.

22 Americans are meeting their needs for driving

23 with vastly more fuel-efficient vehicles. They are

24 ready to do this. They have already started, and

25 they are way ahead of the auto industry.
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2 Third, the approach to setting standards is

3 consumer friendly and facilitates auto maker

4 compliance.

5 The new attribute-based approach as you've

6 heard provides no incentive to change the size of

7 the vehicles. Consumers will get the cars they

8 want; they'll all be more fuel efficient.

9 The standards accelerate the adoption of

10 existing technologies at costs that are widely

11 recognized. They provide incentives in flexibility

12 for new technologies.

13 The setting of a long steady path over a long

14 time period coordinated across all the agencies in

15 this country gives consumers and the industry the

16 time they need to adjust.

17 And that leads me to the fourth and most

18 important reason. There is no sticker shock here,

19 none whatsoever. There is no big jump year to

20 year. It's a slow increase in prices. There are

21 uniform price increases across all manufacturers

22 because they all have to comply.

23 The cost of driving goes down. The value of

24 vehicles goes up. There is no reason to believe

25 that consumers will not buy these vehicles. And in
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2 fact, they've shown by their attitudes and the

3 behaviors they are ready to do so.

4 Fifth, the auto industry has a strong

5 incentive to comply. The standard takes the risk

6 out of investing in fuel efficiency. All the auto

7 makers have to do -- you don't have to worry about

8 some guy manufacturing cheap fuel inefficient cars.

9 They all have to comply.

10 The proposed standards enable the U.S.

11 industry to compete at a global level because they

12 raise the U.S. standards to the standards that have

13 already been adopted by the rest of the world.

14 And auto makers know today that if you can't

15 compete globally, you can't be a world leader in

16 auto making. We're not that big a part of the

17 market anymore. They have to compete globally.

18 And finally, sixth, the proposed rule

19 recognizes the need to stay in touch with reality.

20 So we have this midterm review, which I fully

21 support, as you've heard the auto makers insist on

22 it. But I actually believe when we get to the

23 midterm review, we're as likely to increase the

24 standards as decrease.

25 Because, one, we've used the very low gasoline
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2 price. And so I think it will be higher when we

3 get there.

4 And, two, historically we've seen that the

5 original projections of the cost of meeting

6 technologies in every major standard proposed by

7 this agency and NHTSA have always been too high.

8 So I think the cost will be lower. And when

9 we get to that midterm review, I think we will

10 raise the standards. So this is a win, win, win,

11 win -- for consumers, for the economy, for national

12 security, and for the environment. We urge you to

13 adopt this standard.

14 Thank you.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

16 Next, Mr. Willis.

17 MR. WILLIS: Good morning. My name is

18 Bill Willis. I am the NADA Director for the State

19 of Delaware, and President of the Willis Automotive

20 Group in Smyrna, Delaware.

21 We sell Chevrolet, Buick and Ford vehicles.

22 NADA supports a single national program for light

23 vehicle fuel economy.

24 Now, I believe that my manufacturers, General

25 Motor Corporation and Ford Motor Corp Company, now
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2 can develop the engineering and the manufacturing

3 expertise to comply with the proposal. But at what

4 costs?

5 Prospective purchasers will -- must be willing

6 and able to buy the vehicles manufacturers produce.

7 Just because vehicles can be built does not mean

8 they will be bought.

9 When prospective purchasers come to my

10 showrooms they're ready, they rarely engage, if

11 they ever engage, in upfront fuel economy payback

12 analysis.

13 First and foremost, they're looking for

14 vehicles that meet their needs and that they can

15 afford.

16 It really doesn't matter what the consumer

17 says on a survey or a poll of what they might want

18 or what they are willing to do.

19 But what does matter is when they come into

20 our showroom based on their needs, they buy based

21 on their needs, and what they can afford.

22 Now, I'd love to sell everyone who walks in

23 the door a new Chevrolet, Buick or Ford, but --

24 because they are by far the best vehicles that I

25 have ever offered. I've been in this business for
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2 42 years.

3 But I can't always meet everyone's need or

4 price point. Thankfully, we sell used cars and

5 trucks and run a fantastic service operation.

6 One of my locations does nothing but sell used

7 vehicles and service. The fact that these options

8 exist means that any mandate that would force the

9 production of vehicles consumers don't want or

10 can't afford will only serve to retard rather than

11 accelerate fleet turnover and fuel economy

12 improvements.

13 Next month NADA intends to release a detailed

14 analysis of the proposal's impact on sales,

15 especially with respect to certain sensitive market

16 segments.

17 This report will also contain an analysis of

18 real-world role -- of the real-world role that fuel

19 economy plays in customer decision making and that

20 of willingness and ability of a prospective new

21 vehicle purchaser to pay higher price -- higher

22 prices for vehicles offering improved fuel economy

23 performance.

24 Proponents of the model year 2017 through 2025

25 proposal assert that higher upfront costs will pay
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2 back for purchases of the -- in the form of fuel

3 cost savings.

4 Of course, the extent to which any payback

5 occurs depends on several variables, including the

6 number of miles driven and the fuel prices.

7 However, even assuming that satisfactory

8 paybacks can be achieved, changes in public -- the

9 public's buying behavior will be required for the

10 proposal to work.

11 First, we must address the issue of credit

12 availability. Over 90 percent of the new vehicle

13 deliveries are financed by credit sales or by

14 lease.

15 And in most of these transactions, our

16 consumers use all of the credit for which they

17 qualify.

18 So, if lenders won't finance the additional

19 upfront cost of higher fuel economy performance,

20 any payback won't matter because the transaction

21 just will not occur.

22 Note that several financing sources NADA has

23 talked to indicate that they are in no position to

24 underwrite credit on the basis of an anticipated

25 payback.
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2 But even the consumers who are not credit

3 constrained, other behavior changes must occur.

4 For example, -- public indifference to the fuel

5 economy performance must be overcome.

6 We dealers will fall all over ourselves to

7 help prospective purchasers make rational decisions

8 on whether to pay up for vehicles by showing

9 where -- by showing where possible that they can

10 achieve a decent payback on their investment.

11 But to do so we need consumers to focus on

12 fuel economy even when fuel prices are steady.

13 I for one foresee advertising fuel efficiency

14 and fuel economy even more aggressive than I do

15 now.

16 None of us like to be put on hold. Call our

17 General Motors dealership in Smyrna, Delaware and

18 ask to be put on hold. And you'll see right now

19 that while you're there we do talk about how many

20 models we offer that get in excess of 30 miles per

21 gallon.

22 NADA can re-double all their outreach work in

23 conjunction with the EPA and otherwise teach --

24 number one, teach consumers and dealership staff

25 how to read and understand fuel economy labels;
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2 number two, to go to fueleconomy.gov; and number

3 three, how to operate vehicles as efficiently as

4 possible.

5 However, these outreach efforts alone will not

6 allow many willing and able customers to determine

7 if their prospective purchasers will pay back.

8 To make them understand and act on payback

9 calculations, prospective purchasers need real light

10 vehicle specific data.

11 But this type of information is not readily

12 available. For example, neither the Monroney

13 labels, nor vehicle invoices currently have line

14 items showing the upfront marginal cost imposed by

15 fuel economy mandates.

16 Presently, there are no definitive sources of

17 information to empower consumers to compare upfront

18 fuel economy acquisition costs with ongoing fuel

19 economy operational savings.

20 Such information would enable the dealers to

21 assist and encourage prospective purchasers.

22 MR. MEDFORD: Mr. Willis, would you wrap

23 up, please.

24 MR. WILLIS: Okay. It would encourage

25 purchasers specific vehicle payback, absent better
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2 information. I can assure you upfront prices will

3 still continue to dominate.

4 Bottom line, consistent with the consumer

5 information section of Energy Policy and

6 Conservation Act, we urge NHTSA and the EPA to

7 explore in this rulemaking how to provide

8 prospective purchasers with the information

9 necessary to conduct transparent payback analysis.

10 Thank you again for the opportunity to

11 testify.

12 If you have any questions, I'll be glad to

13 answer them. Or I'll have the NADA staff get back

14 to you.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

16 Mr. O'Shea.

17 MR. O'SHEA: Thank you. I am Kevin

18 O'Shea from the DuPont Company. I am Global

19 Marketing Manager for our automotive refrigerant

20 business.

21 On behalf of DuPont, I would like to thank you

22 for this opportunity to provide comments on EPA and

23 NHTSA's proposed rule regarding 2017 and later

24 model year light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas

25 emission and corporate average fuel economy
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2 standards.

3 As background, DuPont is a 209-year-old

4 company headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware and

5 operating globally.

6 We serve a variety of markets including

7 agriculture, electronic goods, industrial

8 operations, buildings, and transportation,

9 including motor vehicles.

10 We traditionally use our strong science and

11 innovation capacity to deliver materials and

12 technologies to the market to address broad

13 social -- address broad scale needs.

14 We partnered with the automotive industry

15 since its inception and continue to collaborate

16 with and innovate for this market.

17 We'd like to thank the EPA, NHTSA and partner

18 agencies for the collaborate approach it took in

19 delivering this rule, working with the auto

20 industry and others to understand the technology

21 and economic aspects of various contributions to

22 fuel economy and reduced carbon intensity.

23 We also would like to recognize the

24 significant technical analysis the agency undertook

25 in support of this proposal.
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2 In short, we believe this is a sound and

3 economically-sensible proposal that will provide

4 one of the most significant cost-effective

5 improvements in energy efficiency and carbon

6 reduction with the correlated environmental and

7 energy security benefits available to the U.S.

8 We also appreciate that the agency sought to

9 make this rule largely performance-based rather

10 than prescriptive, allowing auto makers to select

11 technology options that best fit their business

12 needs and their customers' preferences.

13 While I'm sure there are improvements EPA

14 might make in the administration efficiency of the

15 rule and possible ways to make it less burdensome

16 for auto makers in general, we think this reflects

17 a very sound approach to regulation.

18 From our own perspective, we are producing a

19 number of materials that can help auto makers cost20 effectively increase efficiency and reduce carbon

21 intensity, and we know many of our competitors are

22 doing so as well.

23 From our knowledge of these markets, we

24 believe that the proposed standards reasonably

25 reflect materials and technologies that are
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2 currently or soon to be available. Let me

3 highlight a few examples from our portfolio.

4 In my business, we have developed in

5 collaboration with Honeywell a new auto refrigerant

6 that is has a global warming potential that is 99.7

7 percent lower than the refrigerant in common use

8 today with the GWP of four versus 1,430 for the

9 current refrigerant.

10 This means that any leaks from auto

11 air-conditioning systems that are using the new

12 product would result in negligible greenhouse gas

13 emissions as compared to the current product.

14

15 This refrigerant is also highly efficient

16 versus the other refrigerant options improving fuel

17 efficiency.

18 This new product, HFO-1234yf, which DuPont and

19 Honeywell will market and sell independently, will

20 cost-effectively provide a significant improvement

21 in the greenhouse gas performance of auto

22 air-conditioning systems.

23 We agree with the agency's proposal to provide

24 a bankable compliance credit for the use of low-GWP

25 refrigerants such as HFO-1234yf and support the
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2 maximum credit option.

3 We produce a number of light-weight polymers

4 that are dimensionally stable at high temperatures

5 that allow for vehicle light-weighting.

6 This can allow the replacement of heavier

7 metal components in applications such as intake

8 manifolds to reduce vehicle weight without any

9 reduction in safety and improving fuel efficiency.

10 Similarly, our polymers and elastomers or

11 synthetic rubbers such as DuPont Zytel are critical

12 components of performance and efficiency-boosting

13 technologies like turbocharging that can

14 significantly improve fuel economy.

15 We also produce insulating and separator

16 materials for applications such as supercapacitors,

17 which enable technologies like regenerative

18 breaking systems, allowing electric and electric

19 hybrid cars to recapture the energy used in

20 breaking as electricity.

21 Our new Energain battery separator with

22 nanofiber technology is designed to improve the

23 output and increase the life of lithium ion

24 batteries for electric and electric hybrid

25 vehicles.
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2 DuPont Energain battery separators can

3 increase power 15 to 30 percent, increase battery

4 life up to 20 percent, and improve battery safety

5 by providing stability at high temperatures.

6 With more battery power, drivers can travel

7 further on a single charge and accelerate more

8 quickly and safely. More battery power can also

9 reduce the number of batteries typically required

10 in today's electric and hybrid vehicles.

11 We are also working on low-friction tires and

12 paints to reduce the overall -- of vehicles to

13 further enhance their fuel efficiency.

14 On the fuel side, Pioneer Hybrid, the DuPont

15 business, is driving continuous improvements in

16 yields of corn and soy beans allowing steadily

17 rising production per acre, which means more

18 low-carbon biofuels per acre every year.

19 DuPont also provides high quality enzymes that

20 improve the efficiency and performance of grain bio

21 refineries allowing them to maximize the conversion

22 of grain to fuel.

23 We're making cellulosic ethanol today from

24 corn, the remains from the plant when corn kernels

25 are removed, and will soon be producing it on a
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2 commercial scale bringing to market a biofuel with

3 a significant improvement in life cycle greenhouse

4 gas performance versus both petroleum and

5 first-generation ethanol.

6 Similarly, we have developed and will soon

7 commercialize the high performance drop-in biofuel

8 biobutanol, which will reduce the infrastructure

9 required to manage biofuels, reducing their energy

10 intensity.

11 In summary, we thank the agency for the

12 opportunity to provide our views, and we support

13 finalization of the proposed regulation.

14 We look forward to working with the U.S. EPA

15 and our partners in the automotive industry to cost16 effectively increase the fuel efficiency of the

17 U.S. vehicle fleet and reduce its carbon intensity.

18 Thank you for your time and attention.

19 MS. OGE: Thank you.

20 Mr. Tom Stricker, good morning.

21 MR. STRICKER: Good morning. My name is

22 Tom Stricker, and I'm Vice President of Technical

23 and Regulatory Affairs at Toyota Motor North

24 America.

25 Thank you for the opportunity to testify today
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2 and also for all the work that the agencies,

3 including the California Air Resources Board, have

4 done preparing this proposal.

5 My message today is simple. Toyota supports

6 the joint proposal. Not every detail is exactly as

7 we would have liked, but the overall proposal is

8 largely consistent with what we envisioned when we

9 signed the letter of commitment last summer.

10 Absent these regulations, we face the

11 possibility of overlapping and potentially

12 conflicting regulations from two separate federal

13 agencies and over a dozen states.

14 Such a system would make technology and

15 product planning next to impossible. While we

16 support this kind of proposal what we ultimately

17 want and need is a true single national standard

18 governing vehicle fuel economy and greenhouse gas

19 emissions.

20 Toyota's top priority is to build vehicles

21 that meet the needs of our customers while also

22 being safe, durable and better for the environment.

23 To minimize our environmental footprint, we

24 continue to improve conventional vehicle and engine

25 technology, and we're accelerating the rollout of
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2 conventional hybrids.

3 The Prius family of hybrids already includes

4 the ground-breaking Prius and the all new Prius V

5 cross-over.

6 Within the next few months the Prius C compact

7 and the Prius plug-in hybrid will hit the market.

8 Toyota has sold over 3 million hybrids

9 globally and over 1.5 million hybrids in

10 the U.S. According to our poll, two-thirds of all

11 hybrids' on the road are Toyota vehicles.

12 And we see continued expansion of hybrids as a

13 key strategy in meeting these proposed standards

14 through 2025.

15 But as we think about the long-term challenges

16 of energy supply and climate change, resting on our

17 hybrids' success may not be enough.

18 So like many manufacturers, Toyota is pursuing

19 a portfolio of technologies including not only

20 hybrids and plug-in hybrids, but also electric

21 vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

22 Later this year we'll launch the RAV4 Electric

23 Vehicle powered by Tesla and the Scion iQ EV.

24 By 2015, we plan to launch a zero emission

25 fuel cell vehicle, which many of you saw at the
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2 Detroit Auto Show last week.

3 With all these investments, Toyota has

4 prepared a solid technical foundation as we work to

5 achieve the proposed standards.

6 Nonetheless, meeting a fleet average of 54.5

7 miles per gallon by 2025 will be a daunting

8 challenge for our engineers and our product

9 planners.

10 So much remains uncertain looking that

11 far into the future: The price of fuel, technology

12 advancements, cost reductions, and perhaps most

13 important, consumer expectations and preferences.

14 We must continue to move consumers beyond

15 early adopters into mass market acceptance of these

16 advanced technologies. But if consumers do not

17 respond, the proposed standards are unlikely to be

18 met.

19 As a result of these uncertainties, Toyota

20 supports the midterm review to be completed by

21 2018. Further, a key part of this review should be

22 to maintain the vehicle and fuel systems approach

23 that has worked so successfully in the past by

24 ensuring that vehicle technologies and the fuels

25 needed to enable them are developed in conjunction
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2 with one another.

3 Finally, the agencies have proposed a variety

4 of compliance flexibilities consistent with each

5 agency's legal authority.

6 As a general matter, Toyota supports such

7 flexibilities to the extent that they provide

8 real-world emissions and oil reductions or to the

9 extent they promote more rapid deployment of

10 technology into the fleet.

11 We simply urge that these flexibilities be

12 structured in a way that promotes technology

13 deployment across all vehicle types and all sizes.

14 I thank you again for the opportunity to

15 testify, and Toyota looks forward to working with

16 the agencies until the regulation is finalized.

17 MS. OGE: Thank you.

18 I'm now calling Ms. Hillary Bright. Good

19 morning.

20 MS. BRIGHT: Good morning. My name is

21 Hillary Bright. I'm a regional organizer for the

22 BlueGreen Alliance.

23 The BlueGreen Alliance, which is a national

24 partnership of America's largest labor unions and

25 environmental organizations uniting more than
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2 15 million members and supporters in support of a

3 clean energy economy.

4 I first would like to commend the Obama

5 Administration, specifically the White House

6 Council on Environmental Quality, Environmental

7 Protection Agency, and National Highway Traffic

8 Safety Administration for their outstanding

9 leadership on this critical issue of fuel

10 standards.

11 America's working families continue to

12 struggle to fill their gas tanks in a

13 steady-but-slow economic recovery.

14 Through leadership, we have an opportunity to

15 help save consumers money at the gas pump, create

16 and preserve American jobs, and strengthen the

17 economy by setting strong fuel efficiency and

18 greenhouse gas standards.

19 The BlueGreen Alliance strongly supports the

20 proposed light-duty vehicle standards for model

21 years 2017 through 2025, fuel efficiency to 54.5

22 miles per gallon, and eliminating greenhouse gas

23 emissions to 163 grams per mile.

24 The proposed standards build upon the success

25 the current realm of standards for model years 2012
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2 through 2016.

3 Combined with the Administration's effort to

4 improve vehicle efficiency and reduce pollution by

5 2025, the United States could save an estimated

6 12 billion barrels of oil and six billion metric

7 tons of CO2 by implementing the proposed standard.

8 Every day our country sends a billion dollars,

9 a number we've heard many times this morning, to

10 foreign countries to pay for oil. Strong standards

11 will keep more of these dollars here in the United

12 States and move America to a more efficient

13 advanced vehicle fleet creating hundreds of

14 thousands of jobs and economic opportunities both

15 inside and outside the auto industry.

16 Based on the Agencies' thorough initial

17 assessment, the net consumer savings on fuel

18 expenditures will be very substantial and provide

19 much needed relief at the pump. This means more

20 savings for American drivers and more money staying

21 in the economy.

22 A recent report by a series of allied

23 coalition investors, environmental organizations

24 and public interest groups shows that economic

25 benefits for improved fuel efficiency result in the
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2 creation of approximately 24,000 badly needed jobs

3 in Pennsylvania alone.

4 Furthermore, by developing and producing

5 advanced fuel saving technology in the United

6 States, auto makers and suppliers can create

7 quality jobs, provide the clean fuel-efficient cars

8 and light trucks consumers want.

9 Evidence already exists that bringing

10 cleaner vehicles to the market creates American

11 jobs. For example, the Advanced Technology

12 Vehicles Manufacturing program will preserve or

13 create nearly 40,000 jobs in the U.S. auto sector,

14 retooling America's factories to produce advanced

15 technology vehicles and their key components.

16 The battery and electric drive component grant

17 program is helping establish the United States as a

18 world leader in the production of this existing new

19 automotive -- exciting new automotive technology.

20 This is a unique opportunity to fulfill your

21 commitment to create American jobs, protect

22 consumers, whether they drive a car or a truck,

23 from high gas prices and to cut America's

24 dependence on foreign oil.

25 BlueGreen Alliance partners are committed to
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2 promoting the fact that green auto jobs are a win,

3 win for all Americans, and to raise awareness among

4 consumers of the significance of fuel saving

5 technology.

6 As you finalize the light-duty standard, we

7 look forward to continuing our engagement with your

8 Agency and other stakeholders working to implement

9 a strong standard which will maximize oil savings,

10 reduction of greenhouse gas pollution, strengthen

11 the U.S. auto industry, increase the deployment of

12 advanced technology, promote U.S. automotive jobs,

13 and create more opportunity for American workers.

14 We applaud the efforts undertaken so far, and

15 believe that strong, feasible standards can

16 guarantee the best possible outcome for American

17 workers, our communities, the economy, and the

18 environment.

19 Thank you for your time.

20 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

21 Mr. Waskow.

22 MR. WASKOW: I'm Rabbi Arthur Waskow of

23 Shalom. And thank you to EPA and the Highway

24 Safety Administration for the new proposals on gas

25 mileage.
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2 I want to report to you that the Jewish

3 community all across the country is overwhelmingly

4 in support of the new regulations -- the proposed

5 regulations.

6 There are two reasons for this. One is the

7 deep concern about reducing the dependence of the

8 United States, the American public, on oil partly

9 from foreign sources.

10 But the second reason is a deep commitment of

11 the Jewish community increasing as it sees what is

12 happening on the planet already, a deep commitment

13 drawing on very ancient teachings in our tradition

14 about the protection of the earth.

15 I want to draw on to two of those stories from

16 the Hebrew Bible that I'm sure you'll be aware of,

17 though, you may have never thought about them in

18 this context.

19 The first is the story of the Garden of Eden.

20 There are many ways to understand this story. One

21 of them is this: God speaking on behalf of reality

22 says to the human race there is enormous abundance

23 here either to enjoy and show a little

24 self-restraint, just a little.

25 But the human beings don't exercise restraint.
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2 They eat off of one tree they've been told not to

3 eat from. And the result at the end of the story

4 is the that the abundance vanishes; that they are

5 told they will have to work with the sweat pouring

6 down their faces in order to bring a bare living

7 from an earth which will give forth only thorns and

8 thistles.

9 This is an ancient legend, but it has recurred

10 again and again. Most recently, the story of the

11 Garden of Eden is the story of the Gulf of Mexico

12 two summers ago.

13 Enormous abundance and a little

14 self-restraint. But BP failed to show any

15 self-restraint. Insisted on piercing a mile deep

16 into the ocean and resulted in economic and

17 disaster.

18 And another story, the story of the Pharaoh

19 and the plagues. The plagues were not magic. They

20 were the consequences of rulers who were stubborn,

21 arrogant, unchecked by any public ability to make

22 them pay attention to what was happening.

23 Pharaoh's own advisers at the seventh plague

24 come to him and say don't you understand you're

25 ruining Egypt, your own country. But he won't
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2 stop. He is addicted to his own power.

3 Today, the pharaohs who are bringing plagues

4 upon the world including, for sure, big oil, which

5 first claimed there was no such thing as global

6 warming or, as I prefer to call it, global

7 scorching. Warming seems so pleasant, even on a

8 day like this.

9 Who first claimed there was no such thing as

10 global scorching. And then claimed that if it was

11 there, it wasn't because of anything human beings

12 were doing. And then claims it's too expensive to

13 do anything about it.

14 Well, we see -- and the Jewish community is

15 more and more aware -- five years ago there were

16 two Jewish organizations that address this question

17 from a Jewish standpoint, the Shalom Center and the

18 Coalition on the Environment of Jewish Life.

19 Today there are 19. Because throughout the

20 Jewish world in all its sectors it has become

21 apparent that the plagues are being brought upon

22 us, and that the rising of public commitment and

23 concern to do something about it has to come from

24 us, from other religious organizations, from the

25 range of organizations, and bodies of public
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2 opinion that you've already heard and that we'll

3 hear more from.

4 We used to say it was our children and our

5 grandchildren who were at stake. It is certainly

6 them.

7 It is also already true that if you look at

8 what happened in unprecedented droughts and fires

9 in Russia and unprecedented floods in Pakistan and

10 unprecedented droughts and famines in large areas

11 of Africa and -- even if one thought the United

12 States was somehow immune -- to unprecedented

13 droughts in the State of Texas, which most of think

14 is part of the United States, though its governor

15 has occasionally expressed some doubts.

16 As a result of all this, the Jewish community

17 is absolutely committed to support what EPA has

18 proposed, and is prepared to support it against any

19 pressures that are brought to bear by big oil or

20 any other special interests that are putting their

21 own profits, their own power before the protection

22 of the health of the human race and the health of

23 all life forms on planet earth.

24 Thank you for the decisions that you have

25 proposed, and thank you for welcoming a public that
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2 is beginning to address this issue in a profoundly

3 serious way.

4 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

5 Ms. Jillian Hertzberg.

6 MS. HERTZBERG: Thank you. Good

7 afternoon. My name is Jillian Hertzberg, and I am

8 the Federal Clean Vehicles Associate for

9 Environment America.

10 Environment America is the Federation of

11 29 state-based environmental advocacy groups,

12 including Penn Environment here in Pennsylvania,

13 working for clean air, clean water and open space.

14 The standards being discussed here today will

15 be a monumental victory for our environment, and

16 the biggest step this country has ever taken to

17 give up oil and tackle global warming.

18 Our cars and trucks use almost half the oil we

19 use every day and spew out nearly 20 percent of the

20 pollution that contributes to global warming.

21 And our country's dependence on oil has led

22 to devastating environmental disasters from the

23 2010 Gulf oil spill to the spill in the Yellowstone

24 River just last year.

25 Fortunately, these recently proposed standards
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2 be a huge step towards addressing these problems.

3 Multiple analyses have shown that the

4 standards will achieve impressive savings for our

5 environment, for our economy, and for our national

6 security.

7 A recent report I wrote with a cute title

8 "Gobbling Less Gas For Thanksgiving" evaluated the

9 impact a standard would have over the Thanksgiving

10 travel week alone, one of the busiest weeks of the

11 year for auto travel.

12 My analysis found that if an average car or

13 truck met the proposed 2025 standards today over

14 the 2011 Thanksgiving weekend alone, Americans

15 would have used 75 million fewer gallons of oil and

16 would have cut emissions of carbon pollution by

17 47 percent, all while saving Americans $260 million

18 at the gas pump.

19 The standards obviously lead to even greater

20 savings over the course of an entire year.

21 An analysis by the Union of Concerned

22 Scientists and the Natural Resources Defense

23 Council found that by the year 2030 the standards

24 would reduce oil use by 23 billion gallons each

25 year, cut annual carbon pollution emissions by
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2 280 million metric tons, and save American

3 consumers $45 billion at the gas pump each year.

4 Clearly, these standards will bring us

5 cleaner, more fuel-efficient cars and trucks that

6 are better for our environment, for our economy,

7 and for our national security.

8 As proposed, the 2017 to 2025 fuel efficiency

9 and carbon pollution standards will reap huge

10 savings in oil use and global warming pollution,

11 but we must ensure that the final standards are

12 strong and don't include loopholes which could

13 erode the potential environmental benefits.

14 Two areas of the proposed standards deserve

15 particular attention. First, the standards should

16 be strengthened to more fully account for the

17 emissions of electric vehicles.

18 While electric vehicles do not emit any

19 pollution while driving, they're not completely

20 emission free.

21 They are usually charged by an electricity

22 grid that is still largely made up of highly

23 polluting coal-fired power plants.

24 These emissions must be addressed in order to

25 reap the full benefits of the standards.
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2 Second, in the first few years of the standards,

3 pickup trucks are not required to make improvements

4 as quickly as passenger cars.

5 It is vital that the efficiency and pollution

6 reduction improvements in trucks not lag behind

7 that of passenger cars in order to maintain the

8 benefits of oil savings and pollution reductions

9 from the standards.

10 We applaud the agencies for your work to bring

11 about landmark improvements in fuel efficiency and

12 carbon pollution standards.

13 And over the past three weeks alone we've been

14 able to generate over a thousand comments in

15 support of these standards here in the City of

16 Philadelphia.

17 We urge you to take these comments into

18 consideration and to put forth the strongest

19 possible final standard this summer in order to see

20 the maximum potential environmental benefit.

21 Thank you for the opportunity to testify

22 today.

23 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

24 Ms. Leicher.

25 MS. LEICHER: I'm Dorothea Leicher.
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2 I speak as a citizen. My background, which

3 got me here, includes both my membership at the

4 Ethical Humanist Society of Philadelphia, which is

5 a humanist religious organization, which got me to

6 join the League of Conservation Voters, which

7 alerted me that this hearing was taking place

8 today.

9 More pertinent to this discussion is that I

10 work as psychotherapist, and I also work with

11 people who have addictions.

12 And I agree that the current initiative

13 involves reeducation of consumers and change of

14 consumers' behavior.

15 And a lot of people, especially in the auto

16 manufacturing business, have expressed concerns

17 that even if they use the technology, that

18 consumers will not buy the products, and advocate

19 it for a review in the process of the

20 implementation.

21 Based on my experience in working with

22 addicts, I will strongly urge that the standards

23 have to be upheld and, if anything, that any

24 exemptions and loopholes would have to be -- should

25 be eliminated.
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2 And the reason for that is, one of the things

3 that has not been addressed is the considerable

4 power of advertisement. And if we look at it,

5 especially in the United States, the power is

6 extreme.

7 One of the differences between us and other

8 countries -- and I speak from experience because I

9 come from Germany -- is that we lag behind most

10 industrialized nations in the acceptance of global

11 warming.

12 And it's actually been a trend that currently

13 we have fewer people who understand that global

14 warming exists than we did in the past. And that

15 is due to a massive advertising campaign by the oil

16 companies.

17 So it is a testament to the effect --

18 unfortunately, in this case negative to the effect

19 of public education to advertising. I firmly

20 believe that it can be turned around to a positive

21 effect.

22 And we've heard from Mark Cooper that

23 consumers are interested in fuel efficiency. And I

24 strongly believe that they can be educated.

25 I see that time and time in my practice.
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2 Once people make the decision that they have

3 to get off an addiction, whether it's alcohol,

4 drugs, prescription drugs, and then make the

5 commitment then they find their way.

6 Mr. Cooper also has mentioned that typically

7 when you look at development of new technologies,

8 development of new coping mechanisms, you think you

9 cannot do it, but practical experience supports

10 that once you made the commitment, you can do it.

11 And I think if the rules are strict and

12 comprehensive, it still provides a level playing

13 field, it will allow the industry to plan more, and

14 then also to educate the consumers for the

15 long-term benefits of possibly investing more

16 initially to get the payoffs in reduced

17 consumption.

18 It can also unite consumers and manufacturers

19 to work politically to defray some of the initial

20 investment costs.

21 I would also support the ideas that Mr. Willis

22 presented that -- in the description in this

23 specifications of vehicles that information about

24 reduced running expenses of cost should be included

25 similar to the way we have Energy Star
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2 requirements.

3 And people are responding to that. That could

4 be done with cost just as well.

5 Thank you very much for the opportunity.

6 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

7 Any questions for my colleagues?

8 Okay. I'd like to thank the Panel very much

9 for your testimony.

10 We're ready for the next Panel.

11 MS. OGE: Good morning. We will start

12 with Mr. Joseph Minot.

13 MR. MINOT: Good morning. Can you hear

14 me fine?

15 MS. OGE: Yes, we can.

16 MR. MINOT: My name is Joseph Minot. I

17 am the Executive Director of the Clean Air Council,

18 an environmental advocacy group active in

19 Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey.

20 Much like Representative Babette Josephs, I do

21 not own a car. I'm a lifelong non-smoker, yet I

22 suffer from lung disease. And my wife and my son

23 suffer from asthma. So I feel fairly passionate

24 about this issue.

25 I was interested, though a little
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2 disappointed, that the representative from the auto

3 dealers association, who presumably breathes the

4 air, not once mentioned the public health benefits

5 of this rule.

6 Nevertheless, his perspective on the need to

7 provide the information to consumers so that they

8 can make informed decisions on payback time should

9 be taken seriously by the EPA.

10 I would like to thank the United States

11 Environmental Protection Agency for its work on

12 this important issue, and for providing the public

13 comment opportunity on this proposal to further

14 reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase fuel

15 efficiency of cars and small trucks.

16 EPA's proposed regulations stem from the

17 president's request in 2010 that EPA work with the

18 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to

19 develop a national program that would, quote,

20 produce a new generation of clean vehicles, closed

21 quotes.

22 The proposed regulations meet this goal with

23 great success by promoting the manufacturing of

24 cleaner and more efficient vehicles allowing the

25 nation to take another crucial step towards curbing
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2 global warming and decreasing our nation's

3 dependency on foreign oil.

4 The EPA's proposed standards to require an

5 average of 163 grams per mile of carbon dioxide by

6 2025 will effectively double the fuel efficiency of

7 cars and light trucks produced through 2017 and

8 2025.

9 Strengthening the fuel efficiency of vehicles

10 to this degree will have significant and far

11 reaching effects. It will save individual

12 consumers thousands of dollars on gas.

13 It will slash harmful greenhouse gas

14 emissions, it will reduce our nation's dependence

15 on foreign oil, and ensure our automotive industry

16 will remain among the most competitive in the

17 world.

18 It is not therefore surprising that the

19 proposal to strengthen regulations is widely

20 supported by environmentalists and industry alike.

21 Auto makers constituting 90 percent of the

22 U.S. auto market and the United Auto Workers worked

23 alongside environmental groups as well as state and

24 federal officials to make this historic goal.

25 I have been at the Clean Air Council since
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2 1982, and I have not seen a coming together like

3 this.

4 I wish I had the rabbi's gift of gab to tell

5 you how important this is.

6 Nationally, vehicles currently emit

7 approximately 1.7 billion -- billion

8 tons of CO2 each year, which constitutes 28 percent

9 of our national carbon footprint.

10 By 2030 these proposed standards will reduce

11 our nation's oil consumption by 1.5 million

12 barrels of oil per day.

13 The proposed regulations will also save

14 consumers $80 million at the pump and create up to

15 150,000 new jobs for Americans.

16 In addition, the regulations provide strong

17 incentives for electric and hybrid vehicles

18 allowing the auto industry to capitalize on

19 investing in cutting-edge technology.

20 The council would however like to raise a

21 number of concerns to the EPA. I'm going to take

22 this time to incorporate by reference the testimony

23 of Kevin Stewart of the American Lung Association,

24 who I thought had some very interesting suggestions

25 for EPA.
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2 The EPA should carefully reevaluate the

3 testing procedures used in determining fuel

4 efficiency, and determine whether the footprint

5 model will incentivize manufacturers to build

6 larger vehicles.

7 The current testing procedures employed by EPA

8 to determine fuel efficiency are based on the

9 original 1975 rules first established in CAFE

10 standards, and are inflated on average 25 percent

11 above EPA's own best estimates of actual

12 on-the-road fuel efficiency that appear on new

13 vehicle labels in dealerships.

14 EPA should also carefully evaluate the

15 regulatory scheme to ensure manufacturers will not

16 simply build larger vehicles.

17 Again, the council applauds EPA and its staff

18 in promoting a new generation of cleaner, more

19 fuel-efficient vehicles.

20 As EPA continues to push for stricter

21 regulations, the council asks that it work to

22 update its testing procedures to more accurately

23 determine the fuel efficiency standards and also to

24 ensure manufacturers are unincentivized to build

25 larger vehicles.
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2 Thank you very much.

3 MS. OGE: Thank you.

4 Ms. Jane Speaker, good morning.

5 MS. SPEAKER: Good morning. I'm a

6 resident of Center City Philadelphia and have been

7 since 1967.

8 As a pharmacologist and later as a

9 toxicologist working in the city's morgue, I have

10 seen firsthand the lungs of city residents are much

11 blacker often than the pinker lungs of people and

12 individuals from suburbs and farms.

13 Stand on the corner around here, any corner,

14 maybe right outside this hotel, what do you smell,

15 auto exhaust for sure. Maybe other smells, good

16 and bad.

17 Then look around, see the vehicles waiting for

18 a light to change, motors running. We're breathing

19 that exhaust, and our lungs are exposed to that

20 soot.

21 Sure, there are other sources: Manufacturing,

22 heating, planes overhead, but any reduction in auto

23 exhaust will help us. There are plenty of reasons

24 for reducing our use of petroleum in vehicles.

25 Maybe it's late for me, but I support this
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2 proposed clean air regulation particularly for its

3 potential contribution to the health of my younger

4 neighbors, their kids, and the rest of us who live

5 or work in our nation's cities.

6 Thank you for this opportunity.

7 MS. OGE: Thank you.

8 Mr. Edward Perry, good afternoon.

9 MR. PERRY: My name is Edward Perry. I'm

10 an aquatic biologist working with the National

11 Wildlife Federation on their clean energy and

12 climate campaign.

13 I'm also a lifelong fisherman and hunter. My

14 wife and my two sons and I have fished and camped

15 and hiked all over our great country.

16 So what is a fuel efficiency standard for

17 trucks and cars have to do with fishing and

18 hunting? As it turns out, quite a bit.

19 Although some Americans are in denial about

20 the fact that our planet is heating up and we're

21 the cause driving this, there are no skeptics in

22 the natural world.

23 Already every plant and animal that can move

24 north is doing so. Scientist predict that if the

25 temperatures increase as much as forecast, we could
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2 lose as much as 40 percent of the species on the

3 planet.

4 That's the prediction. But the fact is fish

5 and wildlife are already being affected by the

6 small increase in temperature we've already had.

7 For example, in 2005, which was the hottest

8 year on record, I was fishing the Susquehanna River

9 for Smallmouth Bass with my two sons like we've

10 been doing for the past 30 years.

11 Six miles upstream from Harrisburg, I recorded

12 a water temperature of 90 degrees. In that weekend

13 we saw hundreds and hundreds of Smallmouth Bass

14 floating downstream. They were killed by a common

15 soil and water bacteria called Columnaris that's

16 always been in the river.

17 And since that year there have been repeat

18 kills of Smallmouth Bass in some of our finest

19 Smallmouth Bass streams in the Eastern United

20 States that have been brought on primarily by the

21 high water temperatures that affect these fish that

22 are already stressed by other stressors such as all

23 the chemicals we're putting in the water.

24 But it's not just Smallmouth Bass. Fishery

25 scientists predict that the temperature increase
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2 will eliminate the Brook Trout, the iconic species

3 for the Northeastern United States from that part

4 of our country.

5 This is the species that's been here for

6 millions of years that will be eliminated because

7 we didn't have the will or foresight to reduce

8 greenhouse emissions while we still had the time.

9 You have to wonder how selfish is that.

10 Unfortunately, there's no one silver bullet that's

11 going to reduce carbon pollution to safe levels.

12 We're going to need every tool that we have.

13 But your proposal to greatly decrease fuel

14 consumption by increasing gas mileage requirements

15 is going to be a huge step in the right direction.

16 Frankly, I have absolutely no idea if we can

17 achieve 54 miles to the gallons for trucks and

18 cars. But I do know that every time our country

19 has set what appears to be an insurmountable goal,

20 we have met that.

21 Think back to we putting a man on the moon,

22 and think back to 1975 when we required the auto

23 companies to double fuel efficiency standards to

24 27 miles to the gallon.

25 They said that it could not be done; that we
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2 all would be driving cars the size of Pintos. And

3 guess what, that didn't happen either.

4 It's long past time that we get -- begin the

5 process of getting off dirty fossil fuels and on to

6 clean energy and fuel-efficient vehicles.

7 This is one sportsman and one organization

8 that strongly supports the proposed rule that's

9 going to get us there.

10 Thank you.

11 MS. OGE: Thank you.

12 Ms. Julia Rege.

13 MS. REGE: My name is Julia Rege. I'm

14 the Senior Manager of Environment and Energy with

15 the Association of Global Automakers.

16 Global Automakers represents international

17 motor vehicle manufacturers, original equipment

18 suppliers and other automotive-related trade

19 associations.

20 Our members' market share of both U.S. sales

21 and production is nearly 40 percent and growing.

22 Global Automakers and its members have always

23 endorsed a comprehensive and harmonized national

24 approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and

25 improving fuel economy.
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2 The alternative of having to comply with a

3 patchwork of state requirements would add

4 significant costs resulting in higher vehicle

5 prices with no corresponding environmental or

6 energy security benefits.

7 We have been working with the Environmental

8 Protection Agency, Department of Transportation and

9 California Air Resources Board to create a program

10 that meets our national environmental and energy

11 objectives while providing manufacturers the

12 flexibility and lead time necessary to design and

13 build advanced technology vehicles that will

14 provide consumers a full range of vehicle choices.

15 This proposal brings us another step closer to

16 the goal of having a long-term single national

17 program.

18 The standards proposed by the agencies are

19 extremely stringent and are based on a large number

20 of assumptions of technology in the auto market

21 over the next 15 years.

22 By extending the standards for many years into

23 the future, the agencies provide manufacturers with

24 substantial lead time, which is of great value in

25 compliance planning.
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2 On the other hand, the long lead time involves

3 substantial uncertainty, especially in the later

4 years.

5 For this reason, we support the proposed

6 midterm review to reassess the stringencies of the

7 standards including technology penetration rates,

8 fuel costs, the availability of alternative

9 refrigerants, and most importantly consumer

10 acceptance.

11 We also support the flexibility mechanisms and

12 credits that the agencies proposed to make

13 available.

14 These provisions enhance the ability of

15 manufacturers to meet market demand while

16 maintaining the emissions and energy security

17 benefits of the program.

18 They also provide other means of dealing with

19 the uncertainty associated with the out year

20 standards. The various credits work in different

21 ways, all of which are important.

22 The credit banking and trading system

23 provides an incentive for manufacturers to

24 implement advanced technology at early dates.

25 Off-cycle credits provide incentives for
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2 manufacturers to perceive technology that produce

3 benefits and actual on-road driving, but are not

4 measured using the prescribed standard laboratory

5 driving cycle.

6 Advanced technology credits provide an

7 incentive for manufacturers to continue to develop

8 and market these technologies, which have the

9 potential for substantial long-term improvements in

10 fuel economy and emissions performance.

11 Air-conditioning system credits provide

12 manufacturers flexibility in pursuing a variety of

13 enhancements to system efficiency and the use of

14 advanced low global warming refrigerants.

15 We see the flexibility mechanism as an

16 essential part of this program.

17 We also support the credit base compliance

18 option for the methane and nitrous oxide standards,

19 as well as the new upward adjustment approach to

20 allow these emissions to be included with carbon

21 dioxide emissions.

22 However, we see no need for the proposed

23 prohibition on the use of different compliance

24 options for methane or nitrous oxide for cars and

25 light trucks in the same year.
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2 This restriction limits manufacturers'

3 compliance flexibility, but with no clear

4 environmental benefit.

5 With regard to the proposed requirement for

6 testing to measure nitrous oxide emissions

7 beginning in model year 2017, we urge EPA to

8 reconsider the cost effectiveness of this

9 requirement.

10 The quantity of these emissions is quite low,

11 and we see no indication that they will become an

12 important factor in climate change in the future.

13 Testing for this substance will require

14 extensive new analyzers, the performance of which

15 remains to be determined.

16 We urge the agencies to allow manufacturers to

17 continue to demonstrate compliance using the 2017

18 methodology in 2017 and thereafter.

19 EPA could monitor these emissions and adopt a

20 few test base requirements in the future should

21 they grow in significance.

22 Additionally, Global Automakers supports the

23 case-by-case small volume manufacturer approach as

24 well as the definition for small volume

25 manufacturers.
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2 The case-by-case greenhouse gas standards and

3 fuel economy standards for small volumes allow the

4 flexibility of the small segment of the industry

5 needs while mandating requirements necessary to

6 control greenhouse gas emissions.

7 Finally, while we understand fuel-related

8 issues are outside the scope of the current

9 proposal, we continue to support a system approach

10 with both vehicle technologies and fuel quality

11 being of paramount importance.

12 Gasoline will be instrumental in auto makers

13 introducing the advanced technologies needed to

14 comply with these proposed standards, and a number

15 of advanced technologies will involve significant

16 infrastructure issues.

17 We look forward to working with the agencies

18 on these issues under the upcoming EPA Tier 3

19 regulations and in other forms including the

20 midterm review.

21 We are continuing to analyze the proposed

22 regulations, and will address in greater details in

23 our written comments the matters we've described

24 today as well additional issues.

25 In closing, let me restate our strong support
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2 for this program and the inclusion of the

3 compliance flexibility mechanisms.

4 We look forward to continuing to work with the

5 agencies.

6 MS. OGE: Thank you.

7 Shalimar Blakely, good afternoon.

8

9 MS. BLAKELY: Good afternoon. My name is

10 Shalimar Blakely, and I'm a resident of

11 Philadelphia, a parent, and a supporter of the

12 Obama administration's proposed new global warming

13 and fuel efficiency standards.

14 This move is not only a major step in reducing

15 the national -- the nation's oil use, but also

16 reduces harmful emissions from vehicles that

17 pollute our environment.

18 As a parent of a child with asthma, I

19 understand the impact this proposal will have on

20 his health and the health of thousands living with

21 asthma in many African-American communities.

22 Like myself, 64 percent of African-Americans

23 in Philadelphia describe their air quality as only

24 fair or poor. And it's this poor air quality that

25 plays a major role in causing asthma in children.
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2 This is why myself and many other

3 African-Americans overwhelmingly support the EPA's

4 new standard to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

5 from cars and trucks.

6 My son and other children of urban communities

7 have a right to look up at night and see a sky full

8 of stars and not a blanket of pollution that hides

9 them. They deserve to breathe fresh air.

10 The Obama administration should be applauded

11 for their leadership to address this matter.

12 In addition to saving the American consumers

13 money and creating jobs, this proposal will have a

14 positive impact on our environment, my son's

15 health, and the health of the African-American

16 community.

17 Thank you.

18 MS. OGE: Thank you.

19 Reverend Cheryl Pyrch, good afternoon.

20 MS. PYRCH: My name is Cheryl Pyrch. I'm

21 the pastor at Summit Presbyterian Church in

22 Philadelphia, and I also represent the Pennsylvania

23 Chapter of Interfaith Power and Light, a national

24 organization serving about 14,000 congregations.

25 The mission of Interfaith Power and Light is to
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2 help organizations understand the dire -- the dire

3 threat of climate change and to help them understand

4 the religious importance of doing everything we can

5 do to fight it, including buying more

6 fuel-efficient vehicles.

7 So we will gladly help educate our

8 parishioners on this. We also bring our collective

9 voice to hearings such as these.

10 I want to thank the agencies for bringing

11 these strong standards to us, the Administration of

12 Barack Obama, and Administrator Lisa Jackson.

13 Thank you also for allowing me to testify

14 today. As people of faith, we believe that the

15 natural world and all that is in it is a gift from

16 God to be received with gratitude.

17 Oil is a gift that has allowed billions of

18 people to live lives of security and comfort,

19 unimaginable to previous generations, but receiving

20 it with gratitude means wasting as little of it as

21 possible.

22 Conserving oil will also conserve room in the

23 atmosphere for which we now know that there is only

24 a limited amount of space for the carbon that we're

25 putting up there.
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2 As people of faith, we believe conservation is

3 a moral imperative because those who will suffer

4 most from global warming, who are already suffering

5 most, are those who have done the least to cause it,

6 the poor of the world, who have never turned the

7 key in the ignition of a passenger car or a

8 light-duty truck, future generations, and also many

9 animals.

10 I'd also just like to say a personal story.

11 Before I moved to Philadelphia three years ago, I

12 lived in New York City, and was a happy user of

13 only the subway buses and trains.

14 But in moving to Mount Airy, I bought my first

15 car, a 2002 Prius. And for the first time felt the

16 joy of turning a wheel and having the car obey, the

17 pleasure of getting into a warm car whenever I

18 wanted to, and going wherever I wanted to.

19 So I have become a little less self-righteous

20 in my criticism of car ownership and car driving,

21 but I also feel that now I have experienced

22 firsthand the soft idolatry that we all have for

23 our cars and our trucks.

24 And this may be going a little too far. But I

25 do believe that any standard that helps us to drive
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2 more efficiently and that helps us to drive more

3 possibly less greedily will also strengthen the

4 spiritual health, as well as the physical health of

5 all of those who drive in this country.

6 So thank you for proposing these standards,

7 and thank you for having us testify. And I wish

8 you many blessings on your work.

9 MS. OGE: Thank you.

10 Mr. Joe Herman, good afternoon.

11 MR. HERMAN: Good afternoon. My name is

12 Joe Herman. I'm a web programmer, a husband and a

13 father of two children.

14 I'm not involved in the auto industry. I've

15 never been particularly active with respect to

16 environmental causes. I've never testified in a

17 forum like this before.

18 In fact, I'm frankly terrified of public

19 speaking, but I got on the train and came down here

20 anyway in spite of myself because I know that there

21 are millions of other people a lot like me who feel

22 the way I do, but won't be heard today, people who

23 want more efficient cars, but have a hard time

24 finding them;

25 Millions of people who are deeply worried
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2 about climate change, but who know that their own

3 personal choice is not enough to address it;

4 People who are tired of seeing our money and

5 our military going overseas so that we can feed our

6 national oil addiction;

7 People who have great faith in the power of

8 free markets to solve our problems, but who

9 understand that this is a problem we all share, and

10 so it requires solutions that we all share in as

11 well.

12 Now, I know that these standards aren't going

13 to magically reverse climate change or wean us off

14 foreign oil all together, but they are an enormous

15 step in the right direction, perhaps the biggest

16 single step the country has ever taken.

17 Now, these standards are largely achievable

18 using existing technology while still being

19 aggressive enough to make a meaningful difference.

20 At the same time they will also foster development

21 of new and emerging technology like plug-in hybrids

22 and electric vehicles.

23 It will make efficiency even more cost

24 effective than it is today. These technologies

25 will continue to serve for generations to come.
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2 My kids are eight and five years old right

3 now. They'll both begin driving during the period

4 covered by these standards.

5 Climate change and energy dependency are not

6 going to go away by then, but I desperately hope

7 that the world that my kids will be living in then

8 is one that is meeting those challenges head on

9 rather than running from them as we have been doing

10 for so many years.

11 So I implore you to implement these new

12 standards and do it in a fair way without loopholes

13 so that they really make a difference, but please

14 do it.

15 Thank you for your time.

16 MS. OGE: Thank you, Mr. Herman. And

17 I'm glad you made it, and we're glad to hear your

18 testimony.

19 Mr. Adam Kessler, good afternoon.

20 MR. KESSLER: Thank you very much. My

21 name is Adam Kessler. I'm the Director of the

22 Jewish Community Relation Council in Philadelphia.

23 I'm here today on behalf of the JCRC, as well

24 as the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life

25 and the Jewish Council for Public Affairs, all
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2 umbrella organizations supporting over 30 national

3 Jewish organizations.

4 We are pleased to state that we wholeheartedly

5 endorse these new efficiency standards for cars and

6 light trucks.

7 We believe that higher fuel efficiency for

8 vehicles is a significant step that will go a long

9 way for building a cleaner and more secure country.

10 Today one barrel of crude oil cost just over

11 $100.

12 According to the U.S. Energy Information

13 Administration, U.S. imported over 4.3 billion

14 barrels of crude oil and products in 2010

15 alone.

16 Forbes currently names King Abdullah of Saudi

17 Arabia as the world's six most powerful person

18 because his country controls 20 percent of the

19 world's known oil reserves.

20 On the flip side, Americans consume roughly

21 22 percent of the world's oil, roughly two percent

22 of the world's population and little of its oil

23 reserves.

24 This ruling provides real and concrete action

25 to respond to these facts. It will have a
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2 significant impact on our dependence upon fossil

3 fuels.

4 These new efficiency standards will pay

5 dividends both in terms of extending climate change

6 in the long run and in terms of the impacts on

7 national security in the immediate.

8 Avoiding environmental degradation and

9 catastrophic climate change requires innovation and

10 progress. Auto efficiency standards do just that

11 by asking us to make better use of the technology

12 and know how we have today.

13 In 2008, 12 national Jewish organizations

14 including the Coalition on the Environment and

15 Jewish Life and the Jewish Council for Public

16 Affairs came together to adopt Jewish community

17 priorities for climate and energy policy.

18 The community strongly stated its support for

19 specific domestic policies that reduce our

20 dependence on foreign oil and urge that such

21 policies include measures to increase fuel economy.

22 This year over 30 Jewish community leaders of

23 national organizations have signed the Jewish

24 Environmental and Energy Imperative Declaration,

25 committing to reduce their personal use by
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2 14 percent by September 2014.

3 Along with that personal commitment, leaders

4 are committing to the community-wide intention of

5 reducing greenhouse gases by 83 percent of 2005

6 levels by 2050, a goal set by the U.S. government.

7 It has been long known that inefficient cars

8 come at a great expense to our nation and that this

9 contributes to excessive energy use.

10 We are dependent on other nations, many of

11 them unfriendly to the United States, to provide

12 the world's supply of oil.

13 Thanks to these standards, the EPA has

14 estimated that by 2025 we will be using one billion

15 fewer barrels of oil a year, reducing our

16 dependence on foreign nations and giving our

17 economy and nation more stability and security.

18 Cleaner burning engines use less fuel and emit less

19 pollution.

20 We have been producing dangerous amounts of

21 greenhouse gases that experts across the board

22 agree are responsible for global climate change.

23 Allowing this to go unchecked will have

24 consequences ranging from refugee crisis and food

25 shortages to resource wars and unpredictable
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2 weather changes.

3 Every step in protecting the environment

4 matters and these standards represent a significant

5 movement in the right direction.

6 The Jewish principle of which saying that one

7 should not destroy olive trees and enemy

8 battlefield for the trees last generations where

9 the battle does not.

10 Our energy environment and our health also

11 last for generations. In conserving oil and by

12 making our vehicles more efficient, we are living

13 out the commandment not to wantonly and unecessarily

14 waste our resources. This is why we support the

15 EPA's new fuel efficiency standards.

16 Thank you very much.

17 MS. OGE: Thank you.

18 Mr. Arthur Haywood.

19 MR. HAYWOOD: Thank you. I'm the

20 President of the Board of Commissioners of

21 Cheltenham Township, which is in Montgomery County.

22 Cheltenham Township is a suburb of

23 Philadelphia, and the board of commissioners are

24 elected to govern the township.

25 The township has a small fleet of vehicles and
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2 light trucks and the taxpayers pay for the fuel,

3 and the maintenance of those vehicles that we use

4 for the township operations.

5 Arising cost of gas are one of the top four

6 reasons -- the top four causes of cost increases in

7 our local government's budget for 2011.

8 We must address these rise in costs, not just

9 stand by and pass the cost onto the taxpayers.

10 So I'm in strong support of these proposed

11 changes that can ultimately reduce our cost of

12 using our vehicles and therefore allow us to avoid

13 passing additional costs onto our taxpayers.

14 In addition in Cheltenham, we recognize the

15 importance of making decisions today to protect our

16 future.

17 And in that regard, we have started a

18 sustainability effort and a sustainability planning

19 group of which I'm the chair.

20 And that sustainability planning group

21 includes Arcadia University, MossRehab, the School

22 District of Cheltenham Township, residents and

23 Transition Cheltenham.

24 One of our goals is to reduce carbon

25 emissions. These proposed regulations would help
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2 us to do the same.

3 My third and final reason for supporting these

4 regulations is personal. I have three children in

5 college, one in Boston, one in Baltimore, and the

6 other in New Orleans. That's a lot of driving.

7 The rising cost of fuel creates a personal stress

8 on our family.

9 So I strongly encourage the adoption of these

10 regulations. In doing so on a schedule it's more

11 aggressive than what we have seen in the

12 regulations.

13 Thank you.

14 MS. OGE: Thank you.

15 Any questions for the Panel?

16 I'd like to thank the Panel for your testimony.

17 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

18 We're going to now move to the next Panel, and

19 add a couple of people to that.

20 Mr. David Champion from Consumers Union, if

21 you would join.

22 Mr. Richard Zilmer, if you would join the

23 Panel.

24 The next Panel.

25 My name is Dr. Judith Patton, my professional
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2 name. I'm a retired physician, a pulmonologist,

3 which means the Panel knows it's the physician who

4 looks after patients with lung disease.

5 I spent my entire life treating patients with

6 asthma and with COPD, which is chronic obstructive

7 airway disease.

8 And these patients are really long-term

9 problems because they -- as opposed to the patients

10 with cancer, who unfortunately die relatively

11 early, these patients keep coming back and back and

12 back. They are in need of many different

13 medications.

14 There is no substitute for clean air.

15 Although there is no proof of causation with these

16 diseases and dirty air from all exhaust and other

17 matters are well recognized as causations for

18 flare-ups.

19 There is nothing better for an asthmatic with

20 COPD than to get clean air as far as their mental

21 health and their physical health because then they

22 can breathe.

23 I can say this for certain because I have a

24 friend who has obviously had some COPD, although I

25 didn't know it at all. And she went to Maine and her
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2 lungs opened up immediately when she crossed the

3 border, which is not surprising.

4 This is a really serious problem. I, of

5 course, am interested in global warming, and am

6 interested in the economics that we would get from

7 not having to buy foreign oil.

8 However, my major issue is really the medical

9 one, which I want to stress is the most important

10 We have an epidemic of asthma. And certainly in

11 the city and also in the country, there are

12 numerous patients, older patients, who have asthma

13 or who have had asthma before and has come back,

14 patients who have had chronic bronchitis, and who

15 have emphysema, and they all fall into the COPD

16 moniker.

17 Our spending on -- our health care spending is

18 enormous for this group of patients. And we cannot

19 afford this.

20 The only long-term thing that we have is to

21 reduce these numbers by improving their long-term

22 outcome by passing the clean air bill.

23 Thank you.

24 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

25 Next is Mr. Seligson.
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2 MR. SELIGSON: Good afternoon. My name

3 is Paul Seligson. I've lived in the Main Line for

4 22 years in Delaware County.

5 And I am definitely for the CAFE standards for

6 improving and to get cars to go 55 miles per

7 gallon.

8 I have a few reasons. The first is as a

9 child, I had chronic asthma as I -- this is before

10 inhalers were invented.

11 I got rid of my asthma when I was about 25

12 years old. And in the last seven years it's come

13 back. So now I'm back on inhalers.

14 And I live out in the suburbs. But I can

15 certainly empathize with the people that live in

16 Center City with children who can't get any kind of

17 air that's been filtered by trees or enough oxygen.

18 So that's one of my reasons.

19 Another reason would be we together with China

20 are the two leading power houses in the world.

21 Between the two of us we contribute well over 50

22 percent of all of the pollution.

23 If China doesn't want to move, we should. And

24 we should lead since we like to think of ourselves

25 as a leading country.
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2 Another reason as a leading country we should

3 show all countries and we should kind of set the

4 standards, set the pace, set the idea that to just

5 sit around and allow pollution to slowly suffocate

6 ourselves, and to use every and ever more of our

7 precious dollars buying gasoline, as we kill

8 ourselves, why not just move to the next step and

9 show the world that we know how to lead ourselves

10 through that.

11 Burning fossil fuels makes us dependent on

12 foreign government. And frequently it has been

13 shown I think in testimony and in different

14 journals that the governments that rely primarily

15 on the export of fossil fuels are more corrupt and

16 have a greater tendency towards a single leader,

17 could be a dictator, could be a totalitarian type

18 of government, and here we are disparaging that

19 type of government, but at the same time we're

20 keeping that kind of government in play.

21 It would be -- it would behoove our whole

22 foreign policy if we didn't have -- if we weren't

23 funding governments that really we disapproved of.

24 One of my last reasons that would be -- that

25 we own and drive more cars per capita than anybody
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2 else in the world.

3 In 2005, when I was doing my research, I found

4 that we owned, the United States, had two hundred

5 million cars. By now -- that was 2005. Who knows

6 what it is in 2012.

7 Since we use motor vehicles to such an extent

8 that we could by just adopting CAFE standards, we

9 could dramatically decrease the amount of pollution

10 in the air that we breathe.

11 And we can be a leadership country showing all

12 countries how to do it. We could also learn

13 ourselves how to do it. We could join the ranks of

14 maybe Switzerland or Germany, the countries who are

15 making an industry out of exporting the knowledge

16 and the technical base of making smart

17 fuel-efficient machinery, electric, how to make

18 electricity without all of this, how to run the

19 cars with electric batteries, with lithium.

20 We could be developing a whole another

21 thing -- another way of making money for our

22 citizens.

23 People sometimes say, well, you're talking in

24 2030. That's 18 years out. So I like to think

25 what have we achieved going back?
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2 Well, 20 years ago, frequently in hotels,

3 restaurants and airports there was a smoking area,

4 there was a smoking floor. You could smoke in

5 restaurants. You could smoke in lobbies. You

6 could smoke at the theater and in the lobby.

7 You cannot do that anymore. It's very small

8 little areas for smoking. We've almost turned the

9 corner on smoking in the last 20 years. And I

10 applaud the states for doing that.

11 Going back 30 years, I remember when catalytic

12 converters came into play. That was around 1980,

13 1981. Many people, not everybody said, wow, why

14 are we doing this? We're trying to perfect

15 something that really is not necessary.

16 And now when you get behind a van, a car or a

17 truck that does not have a catalytic converter, you

18 almost fall out of your own car with gasping from

19 the fumes.

20 We accepted, adopted and now it's part of the

21 landscape, catalytic converters.

22 If you go into movements, I'm thinking 40

23 years ago, when the women's lib movement had just

24 started -- I'm from the Bay Area originally. And I

25 thought this was only a Bay Area and a Manhattan
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2 phenomenon period.

3 It's now suddenly, you know, 40 years later

4 it's been embraced by just about every American

5 family.

6 When families make decisions it's equal man

7 and woman putting in their input, coming out with

8 the decision that they want to do on anything. And

9 I applaud that, too.

10 So this is a country that has the ability to

11 move. This is the country that can transform

12 itself.

13 Certain countries have a very difficult time.

14 But I applaud the United States for being able to

15 move.

16 I would like to think forward and then embrace

17 new technology and get better.

18 Thank you very much.

19 MR. MEDFORD: Ms. Spaeth.

20 MS. SPAETH: Thank you. I'm very

21 grateful to you for the opportunity to speak.

22 Though heaven knows what will come out because I'm

23 not organized giving testimony.

24 I've been long interested in the environment

25 and support multiple groups that support the
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2 environment, Environmental Defense Fund.

3 I'm concerned about the polar bears, about the

4 people that live in the far north whose permafrost

5 is now their houses are sinking.

6 I'm concerned about the air quality here. I

7 have asthma. I have COPD. I have cancer. And I

8 hear every day how these diseases are increasing in

9 groups of people, and yet there have been few moves

10 that I have been able to see that address the

11 causes that you are attempting to do.

12 With these regulations, it's really very

13 exciting. I travel a lot. My husband is a

14 physician and travels all over the world lecturing

15 on glaucoma. So, when I go with him, I see the

16 clouds of smog, the brown clouds.

17 I remember being in Mexico City. This was

18 '72. This was years ago. You couldn't see the

19 blue sky. It was brown. It was the color of

20 cement.

21 This affects everyone. It affects the trees

22 alongside the road. They're dying. Oak trees in

23 Maine are dying.

24 This new regulation will benefit everyone.

25 The short-term effects may frighten people, but the
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2 long-term effects will have great benefit both on

3 the health of people, animals, and it will change

4 the quality of the air and the streams because of

5 runoffs from the roads where oil is leaked onto the

6 roads and goes into streams and into the rivers and

7 into the water supply.

8 Our manufacturing does not even deal with the

9 toxins that go into this water. We don't know how

10 to deal with it.

11 So this affords great opportunities for new

12 jobs, new research not only in our own country, but

13 in other countries.

14 And we ask this person that said earlier, we

15 can be leaders in that and should be as what we'd

16 like to call ourselves as the richest country in

17 the world, though sometimes that seems to be a

18 question.

19 We want to lead and lead in a good way and be

20 proud of our leadership. I applaud you for working

21 on this, and I sincerely hope that you are

22 successful in making it as strong as possible so

23 that everyone, not only people, but the inanimate

24 objects as well in the world will benefit.

25 Thank you very much.
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2 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

3 Mr. Rogers.

4 MR. ROGERS: My name is Nick Rogers. I'm

5 a competitive cyclist and an asthmatic who lives in

6 Philadelphia and I spend most of my time outdoors.

7 I'm a strong supporter of the proposed new

8 standards for car and light truck fuel economy and

9 carbon pollution. I hope my testimony today can

10 help the EPA go forward with the implementation.

11 As someone who suffers from asthma and spends

12 most of my days outside, especially during the

13 summer, when the ozone is already higher during

14 those months, I'm at a particular high risk of

15 health problems caused by air pollution.

16 It's especially important to me to protect my

17 health because of racing bikes. I spend hours

18 every day training outside on my bike, and I'm

19 constantly subjected to the poor air quality both

20 in Philadelphia and other places in Pennsylvania

21 and along the East Coast.

22 I recently biked against other athletes, who

23 take impeccable care of their health. So my lungs

24 need to be physically up to the task every weekend

25 of being pushed to the limit.
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2 When air pollution from cars and light trucks

3 causes me to suffer from one problem, and prevent

4 me from performing at a high level, it takes all

5 the hard work that I've done and makes it obsolete.

6 More important than my athletic performance

7 being affected by pollution from cars is the

8 serious impact this pollution has on my health.

9 Nationally, vehicles currently emit

10 approximately 1.7 billion tons of carbon

11 dioxide every year. The vehicles are also

12 significant sources of air pollution such as

13 particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic

14 compounds and other toxins.

15 The proposed standards substantially decrease

16 exhaust emissions of these harmful pollutants from

17 these cars and trucks. I fear if the rule isn't

18 adopted, my life might be one of those that might

19 have been saved with the help of this reduced

20 pollution.

21 My high risk for serious lung problems as an

22 asthmatic and as a cyclist makes it crucial to me

23 that the EPA tighten manufacturers' restrictions on

24 cars and light trucks. Otherwise, I and people

25 like me will cost the government and private
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2 insurance companies billions of dollars in health

3 care costs, and families burdened by the loss of

4 loved ones because of this pollution.

5 Cleaning up cars and light trucks is

6 critically important because ozone smog causes

7 coughing and wheezing and triggers asthma attacks

8 and sends people to the emergency room and causes

9 heart attacks and strokes, as well as premature

10 death.

11 I think the EPA could do even more, though.

12 The investment in cleaning up even more leads to

13 even greater benefits including more lives saved

14 each year.

15 Thanks for giving me the opportunity to

16 testify about this important issue today.

17 It is my request that the EPA goes forward

18 with the proposed rule and protect everyone's

19 health and air quality, especially those like

20 myself with the higher risk of health problems.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

22 Mr. Elling.

23 MR. ELLING: Good afternoon. I come here

24 primarily as a person of faith and a Quaker leader

25 within Philadelphia.
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2 As a Quaker, I believe that stewardship of the

3 earth is one of our main priorities, and that I

4 currently live within a culture that is addicted to

5 fossil fuels.

6 I personally as a Quaker feel the need to

7 witness and minister to this overuse of fossil

8 fuels, and have been led to lay my car down. I

9 don't -- I'm not a car owner currently.

10 I still use a car once in a while, and I feel

11 access to using Zip Cars or other cars is good.

12 I think these regulations would be helpful in

13 terms of our care for the earth, in terms of our

14 care for our health, in terms of our care for other

15 citizens of the world, in terms of decreasing the

16 chances of war, and also decreases chances of us

17 spending our lives working huge amounts to deal

18 with health problems and environmental problems

19 rather than really enjoying this beautiful earth

20 that God has given us.

21 Thank you.

22 MS. OGE: Thank you.

23 Mr. Champion, good afternoon.

24 MR. CHAMPION: Good afternoon, and thank

25 you for the opportunity to speak to you.
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2 My name is David Champion. I'm Director of

3 the Automobile Testing Department of Consumer

4 Reports.

5 I appreciate the opportunity to testify at

6 this public hearing and convey Consumer Reports'

7 support for the proposed fuel standards between

8 2017 and 2025.

9 Consumer Reports conducts a whole range of

10 tests on approximately 80 new vehicles every year.

11 We buy these vehicles anonymously to make sure we

12 get the same vehicles that everybody else would.

13 We provide consumers with objective,

14 comparative ratings about the performance, fuel

15 economy, comfort, handling, safety, and reliability

16 of these vehicles. We do not accept advertising.

17 Consumer Reports has more than eight million

18 subscribers to our magazine, Web sites and other

19 publications.

20 Since the inception of Consumer Reports, auto

21 safety and value have been paramount to us. We

22 believe that improving consumer choice is

23 important.

24 It is our view that implementing these

25 proposed fuel economy standards, will increase
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2 vehicle choice and provide consumers with more

3 efficient and alternative fuel vehicles.

4 Many of these fuel-saving devices are

5 currently being developed. And in some cars today,

6 we believe these new standards will push auto

7 manufacturers to deploy these new standards without

8 sacrificing functionality of the vehicles.

9 In a recent Consumer Reports survey, consumers

10 demonstrated a strong support for fuel economy

11 standards and alternative fuel vehicles and a

12 willingness to pay more for these technologies.

13 Consumers want it all. They want function,

14 performance, a variety of choices, and better fuel

15 economy. And they have indicated that they'd

16 rather pay slightly more for these vehicles if it

17 means they would save money at the gas pump.

18 According to the survey, 93 percent believe

19 that the fuel efficiency standards for all vehicles

20 should be improved. Nearly 80 percent support the

21 55 miles per gallon target for the fleet by 2025

22 As the availability of these vehicles, many

23 consumers would buy or consider an alternative fuel

24 vehicle such as a hybrid, electric vehicle or

25 natural gas.
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2 Most are willing to pay extra for the extra

3 fuel economy if the payback is -- will mean a lower

4 overall cost of that vehicle over five years.

5 It's true that when gas prices are relatively

6 low, consumers tend to -- tend to put less emphasis

7 on fuel economy when buying a car. But as we saw

8 in 2008, when gas prices soar, consumers quickly

9 try to sell their vehicles, especially the gas

10 guzzling ones, to buy more fuel-efficient vehicles.

11 Unfortunately, manufacturers cannot design,

12 build and supply these vehicles on a monthly basis.

13 A typical model cycle is about five years.

14 And to take the best advantage of weight

15 saving technologies, new fuel efficiency, and

16 engine technologies these decisions need to be made

17 beginning at the model's concept and cannot easily

18 be retrofitted.

19 The CAFE standards for 2017 to 2025 give

20 manufacturers and the engineers working on the cars

21 a competitive landscape that gives them the impetus

22 to incorporate these technologies and sell

23 desirable vehicles that and save consumers money in

24 the future.

25 Because the proposed rule provides ample lead
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2 time, auto makers will be able to incorporate more

3 of these efficient technologies and materials into

4 their vehicles at the measured pace, thus reducing

5 the costs and putting everybody on the same playing

6 field in the race to find the best most fuel

7 efficient way of meeting the new fuel economy

8 targets.

9 The proposed targets are aggressive, but

10 they're also conservative enough to allow the

11 manufacturers to increase the deployment of new

12 technologies to meet these requirements.

13 Importantly, proposed targets will unlikely

14 compromise vehicle safety. Cars have been getting

15 safe as fuel economy has improved. And this trend

16 will continue.

17 The safety of future vehicles will be

18 dominated by vehicle design, not size and weight.

19 Advanced materials can decouple size form mass and

20 therefore give economy, safety and functionality

21 that people require.

22 Because the CAFE standards are now

23 footprint-based, improvements across all vehicle

24 sizes, so each class will see an efficiency.

25 In summary, we support the proposed fuel
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2 economy standards because in addition to achieving

3 national security and environmental goals, they

4 will save consumers thousands of dollars, and

5 improve the selection of fuel efficient and

6 alternative fuel vehicles and maintain the range of

7 wide vehicle options.

8 Thank you for all your time in considering my

9 views.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

11 Mr. Zilmer.

12 MR. ZILMER: Good afternoon, Members of

13 the Panel, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is

14 Lieutenant General Rick Zilmer. I'm a retired

15 Marine, and I spent 36 years in the service to our

16 nation.

17 It's an honor to be here. And by way of

18 introduction, let me also tell you that I represent

19 CNA. Some of you may know it is the Center for

20 Naval Analyses. CNA is a think tank in the

21 Washington, DC area that is about to celebrate its

22 70th birthday.

23 The reason we've been invited here to be here

24 today is we just completed a study entitled

25 "Ensuring America's Freedom of Movement, a National
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2 Security Imperative to Reduce U.S. Oil Dependence."

3 This is a study that we spend most of last

4 year working on. It is the fourth in a series of

5 studies conducted by the Military Advisory Board.

6 Those series of studies look at the nexus of

7 national security, global warming, and energy

8 independence of the United States of America.

9 This last study looked a little bit outside of

10 our lane by bringing it into looking at what the

11 potential would be for incorporating the use of

12 alternative fuels to reduce our dependency on U.S.

13 oil and U.S. oil imports into this nation.

14 We are about 11 members in this Military

15 Advisory Board. We have about 400 years of

16 collective experience. I'm not sure why we brag

17 like that. It makes us all seem very, very old.

18 But the board is made up of senior-level

19 admirals, generals who spent their lives, their

20 professional lives, in support of the security of

21 the United States of America.

22 I was invited to join last year, and I think

23 in large part from my role in 2006 to 2007, I

24 commanded all the U.S. forces in Anbar Province in

25 Iraq.
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2 During that year, we submitted a joint

3 universal needs statement. And a purpose of a

4 JUNS, as we call them, was to look at commercial

5 off-the-shelf technologies that could be used in a

6 variety of different ways.

7 We looked at it from a perspective at looking

8 at the threat that we were encountering in Iraq;

9 notably, the IED attacks, the ambush that our

10 Marines, sailor, soldiers and airmen were facing

11 on a daily basis.

12 Particularly, on the convoys for very

13 lucrative targets, those convoys were taking in

14 most cases fuels, batteries, things that enabled

15 our force to continue a very difficult fight in

16 Iraq. And we're seeing the same thing in

17 Afghanistan.

18 Looking back in some of my experience at 29

19 Palms, California, we have one of the largest solar

20 fields, the Department of Defense, 29 Palms,

21 California.

22 We were looking at wind technologies to help

23 reduce that use of fuel. We incorporated gas

24 turbines to help augment the grid out in

25 California.
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2 Based upon some of this experience, we thought

3 we could incorporate some of these technologies to

4 get our Marines and sailors and soldiers off the

5 roads, reduce the number of convoys and thereby

6 reduce the threat that we were facing.

7 I believe that was in large part the reason

8 why I was invited to join CNA and the Military

9 Advisory Board.

10 But the study that we spent the last five

11 years working on -- or the last year rather -- and

12 I'll leave a copy for the Panel here -- was based

13 upon this overreliance that we have.

14 United States of America uses about 20 billion

15 million barrels of oil a day. 11 million of that

16 is imported. And it has been brought out in the

17 Panel it's often imported from customers who would

18 rather not have to work with you.

19 It's a fact of life. And as many of you in

20 the audience remember back in 1974, when we faced

21 the first oil crisis and the embargo, President

22 Nixon said that we needed to develop energy

23 independence.

24 At that time we imported roughly 30 percent of

25 our oil. Today we are just around the 50
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2 percentile of importing of oil, foreign oil.

3 We have not gotten any closer to energy

4 independence, and it becomes an increasing national

5 security issue when we have to constantly have

6 forces deployed in that region of the world, the

7 Middle East and southwest Asia.

8 We have a requirement to ensure that the sea

9 lanes of communication remain open. We looked at

10 one example that if we close the Strait of Hormuz

11 through which the 20 to 30 percent of the global fuel

12 flows.

13 If the Strait of Hormuz closed, how would we

14 respond to that? By looking at efficiencies that

15 we could take by reducing consumption demand, by

16 looking at the development of alternative fuel

17 sources, we could reduce in the next ten years

18 about 30 percent of our requirement right now.

19 And here just in the last two weeks -- you've

20 read the newspapers just like I have -- we are, you

21 know, saber rattling with Iran right now, and the

22 threat is to close the Strait of Hormuz.

23 We didn't give any reason for the closure to

24 the Strait of Hormuz. But if the Strait of Hormuz

25 closed for 30 days, it would bring our trucking
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2 industry to its knees, it would reduce our gross

3 domestic product by somewhere in the order of four

4 billion dollars just over a 30-day period.

5 But if we were smart enough, if we were able

6 to get this sort of initiatives the level that we

7 need to make long-term comprehensive binding policy

8 changes to the way we view energy in this country,

9 we could do that.

10 We could reduce our consumption within ten

11 years by 30 percent, and we could take some of

12 these emergent technologies of alternative fuels

13 that are not yet ready for marketplace forces.

14 They need more support. They need policy,

15 national leadership, that is going to create the

16 environment through which these emergent

17 technologies can develop.

18 Oil, as we have talked about, is a finite

19 resource. It will not be here forever. We owe it

20 to our next generation who follow us -- I don't

21 want my children, grandchildren worrying about

22 where the fuel is going to come from that's going

23 to maintain their standard of living.

24 It's incumbent upon us to look at these

25 important measures. And these are not just left
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2 with just one administration. This is a long-term

3 administration to administration, the leadership of

4 our Congress, the leadership of our industry, this

5 is a national leadership issue for this country to

6 solve.

7 It's not going to get solved by hoping and

8 praying that we can drill more. That's not the

9 answer. It's looking to efficiency.

10 And in closing, thank you again, and we do

11 strongly from CNA support and urge the National

12 Highway Traffic Safety Administration and EPA to

13 finalize these rules that will set the bar at 54

14 and a half miles per gallon by 2025 for this simple

15 reason, better gas mileage is simply a matter of

16 national security.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, General. We

19 also like to thank you for your service to our

20 country. It's appreciated very much.

21 MS. OGE: I have a question for

22 Mr. Champion.

23 I don't know if you were here earlier, but we

24 heard testimony from the National Dealers

25 Association. I don't know if they're still here.
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2 And their testimony basically raised the issue

3 of additional costs that we have clearly indicated

4 in our proposal. We're saying $2,000 additional

5 cost, but the fuel savings would be over $6,000 for

6 the life of the vehicle, net savings $4,400.

7 We heard from the National Dealers

8 Association -- and this gentleman who was

9 representing the dealership, I believe was Ford and

10 GM vehicles -- is that the consumer goes in and

11 they're not looking for this type of attribute.

12 Also, what we heard is that it's one thing

13 what they're saying in surveys, it's another thing

14 what they do.

15 There's somewhat of a disconnect because as

16 you know we are supporting the program, you know,

17 that was carefully, you know, crafted and

18 implemented many other stakeholders, and we're

19 taking public comments now and the dealers

20 associations and what you testified.

21 So could you give us your views of what --

22 given your expertise and given the sense of Europe,

23 representing a reputable consumer group, what are

24 your thoughts about consumer acceptance and

25 willingness to pay?
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2 MR. CHAMPION: To a certain extent, I

3 understand where the dealers are coming from.

4 Yes, consumers go and they want to buy a

5 hybrid vehicle. They look at the increasing costs.

6 But we're also seeing a lot of increase in

7 fuel economy in just regular vehicles. So we're

8 seeing direct injection. We're seeing many more

9 multi-speed transmissions. We're seeing electric

10 steering, low-rolling resistance tires, lighter

11 body structures.

12 If you look at some of the successes in the

13 industry over the past year or so, I think

14 everybody sees how well Hyundai and Kia are doing

15 these days. Their vehicles are one of the most

16 fuel efficient in the category.

17 I think we're going to see the normal gasoline

18 engine getting maybe 30, 40 percent better fuel

19 economy over time anyway.

20 You add on hybrid technology on top of that as

21 that becomes more ruled out in many vehicles. The

22 average cost increase is going to be possibly less

23 than $2,000.

24 We're seeing more in the way of diesel

25 vehicles as welcome coming in terms of improved
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2 fuel economy.

3 So I think in the future we will see the

4 difference between the fuel-efficient vehicles, the

5 normal gasoline powered, and hybrids that reducing

6 costs.

7 You know, I was just at the Detroit Auto Show.

8 Everybody there was talking fuel economy. And, you

9 know, the dealers you talk about, Ford and General

10 Motors, they introduced hybrid vehicles.

11 The new Ford Fusion is going to be four

12 cylinder, four-cylinder turbos, hybrid and plug-in

13 hybrid virtually from day one.

14 So this is probably Ford's biggest selling

15 vehicle. And they're going to be producing it in a

16 regular porcelain 1.6 liter turbo, two

17 liter turbo, instead of V6. So there can be no V6

18 version, and then hybrid and plug-in hybrid.

19 So the manufacturers behind it, I don't think

20 with the world demand that we see at the moment for

21 gasoline that we're going to see a reduction in

22 gasoline.

23 Over the past ten years it's almost doubled in

24 price in the real dollars compared to what it was

25 in the '90s. As we move forward, I think that will
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2 only increase, so the paybacks are going to be

3 less.

4 And many of our readers come to us and say,

5 you know, I'm going to buy a hybrid next year,

6 which do you suggest. Well, at the moment there's

7 not that many out there.

8 If we look at the new Toyota Camry, the last

9 time we got 34 miles per gallon in Consumer Reports

10 testing, this new Camry gets 38, I believe, 38

11 miles per gallon.

12 So there it's gone up four miles per gallon,

13 which is ten percent in one generation. So I think

14 going forward we are going to see the manufacturers

15 building more fuel-efficient cars.

16 And I was a car engineer for many years. And

17 you'd have a really good idea and you'd go to the

18 management. Management tends to be timid. And

19 then you got the bean counters, which are even

20 worse.

21 You say this is going to give maybe half a

22 mile per gallon or one mile per gallon. They go

23 it's going to be how much per vehicle, ten dollars.

24 They start scratching their heads.

25 With having this standard in place, the
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2 engineers can go, look, we need to meet this

3 target, this is where we need to get to. If you

4 don't put this, we're not going to meet that

5 target.

6 So it's giving the engineers, the designer,

7 it's going to the whole vehicle development fleet a

8 motivation to build more fuel-efficient cars in the

9 future.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Great. David, you are

11 better without a script.

12 We're finally going to give our Court Reporter

13 a 20-minute break, so we're going to take a short

14 20-minute break. Thank you.

15 - - -

16 (Whereupon, a short recess

17 was taken.)

18 - - -

19 MS. OGE: We'll start with Ms. Susan

20 Wolf.

21 MS. WOLF: Good day. My name is Susan

22 Wolf, and I am happy to be a citizen of the United

23 States and have the opportunity to speak at this

24 public hearing in favor of higher auto fuel

25 efficiency standards.
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2 I speak as a citizen who is very concerned

3 about climate change and its effect on our planet,

4 the people and creatures that inhabit the earth,

5 and all of nature that is being affected by the

6 changes that we all are witnessing.

7 The scientific community is alarmed by the

8 serious damage that has already occurred to our

9 planet; the EPA has written about the harm that is

10 projected to come to all of us as a result of

11 climate change.

12 And, as you know, the information is found on

13 your own Web site. The EPA site addresses how

14 climate change will impact temperature changes

15 leading to an increased heat wave affecting

16 vulnerable people including those with heart

17 problems, asthma, the elderly, and the very young.

18 Your site acknowledges that there will be

19 increases in extreme weather such as floods,

20 hurricanes as well as droughts leading to

21 event-related deaths, injuries, infectious diseases

22 and stress-related illnesses.

23 Your site also addresses a temperature

24 increases will lead to an increase in mosquitoes

25 and other insects leading to a rise in such
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2 diseases as malaria, yellow -- and yellow fever.

3 It also focuses on how this will impact

4 agriculture and food production leading to problems

5 with starvation as already witnessed in Africa.

6 And we certainly witnessed the effects of

7 drought in Texas this past summer and its impact on

8 cattle, agriculture and food production.

9 I am very concerned about the impact of carbon

10 emissions on health and the increase in such

11 diseases as cancer, asthma, COPD, and

12 cardiovascular disease.

13 Those most at risk are children, the elderly,

14 and those with compromised immune systems. These

15 diseases are costly in money, health and general

16 emotional well-being.

17 I would like to see some studies around the

18 impact of carbon emissions on health care cost.

19 And, of course, we feel more the impact in densely

20 populated areas such as Philadelphia.

21 I, who live in Cherry Hill, New Jersey, feel

22 it more and more as we increase the numbers of

23 shopping centers and subsequent cars on the road.

24 I am grateful for the Clean Air Act, and now I

25 am extremely pleased with the improved fuel
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2 efficiency standards that have been proposed by the

3 Obama administration.

4 I urge that these standards are adopted

5 without any exemptions to the rules if we are to

6 take climate change seriously.

7 We as a nation need to take climate change

8 seriously. We must abide by standards that will

9 cut carbon emissions and the health risks that are

10 associated with it.

11 We must reduce our addiction to oil and

12 continue to be creative with the development of

13 renewable energy sources. I know we can and will be

14 successful with this endeavor by adopting these

15 standards. We as a nation are serious in our

16 concern. These standards are a win, win for all.

17 I applaud the Obama administration for

18 developing these standards and taking climate

19 change seriously.

20 Thank you.

21 MS. OGE: I'm going to call on Mr. Ken

22 Weinstein of Trolley Car Diner.

23 MR. WEINSTEIN: Good afternoon. I'm Ken

24 Weinstein. I'm the owner of Trolley Car Diner and

25 Trolley Car Cafe both in Philadelphia.
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2 For 11 years, I've run my businesses with

3 innovative and efficient standards that help us

4 save money on energy cost. I then invest that

5 extra money into my businesses, which help the

6 economy grow.

7 My staff will tell you that I run a tight

8 ship. As soon as the last customer leaves, we turn

9 the lights off to save electricity.

10 We recently rewired all of our parking lot

11 lights and neon signs so they don't continue to

12 stay on all night. And we also use solar hot water

13 heating, LED lighting at our new cafe.

14 The diner will soon be installing a charging

15 station for the new -- hopefully the new fleet of

16 electric cars going forward.

17 As a small business owner who knows strong

18 energy standards are good for my bottom line, I

19 fully support raising the fuel efficiency

20 requirements auto makers must meet.

21 For my business, improved fuel standards would

22 help lower food costs since our suppliers would pay

23 less to transport it. I'm tired of seeing fuel

24 charges as an extra charge on my supply and trash

25 invoices.
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2 Our revenue also fluctuates with our customers'

3 fuel cost. When I mentioned to my general manager

4 that I was testifying here today, he said make sure

5 you tell them that gas prices are the single

6 biggest determining factor whether revenues go up

7 or down.

8 When gas prices are high, our customers come

9 less often. Gas prices go down, business picks up.

10 It's been an amazing cycle to watch.

11 The same result can come from higher

12 efficiency standards. Legislation that will

13 ultimately reduce what customers spend on gas will

14 bring more customers to Trolley Car and other

15 businesses in our area.

16 The sooner the standards are strengthened, the

17 sooner I'll have greater spending power to expand

18 my business, hire more employees, and better

19 support the economy.

20 Fuel efficiency standards is a policy

21 lawmakers should enact immediately for the sake of

22 small businesses and our difficult economy.

23 Higher fuel economy standards can help save

24 money. We could use that money to grow our

25 businesses and create jobs for some of the
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2 14 million unemployed Americans.

3 I recently saw a survey from the Small

4 Business Majority that found 87 percent of small

5 business owners nationally, nearly nine in ten

6 believe it's important for the United States to

7 take action now to increase fuel efficiency in cars

8 and light trucks.

9 A 59 percent majority as you say describe this

10 as very important. A Small Business Majority poll

11 also revealed just how strong small business owners

12 would like to see fuel standards become over the

13 next few years.

14 Four in five respondents said they would

15 support raising requirements to 60 miles per

16 gallons by 2025 and even higher standards than

17 the 54.5 percent that Obama is now proposing.

18 The polls showed that 71 percent of the

19 nation's entrepreneurs say American car companies

20 do not innovate enough, and 73 percent agree the

21 federal government should do more to make them do

22 so annual estimated usage.

23 It's essential these standards are met now.

24 Small business owners have a strong economic reason

25 to favor bold fuel standards.
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2 Of the more Small Business Majority polled

3 they cited the rising cost of doing business

4 including fuel costs as what burdens them the most.

5 Improved fuel economy standards have the power

6 to cut long-term business expenses. 87 percent of

7 owners agree that improving innovation and energy

8 efficiency are good ways to increase prosperity for

9 small firms like mine.

10 This helps explain why so many small business

11 owners believe stronger fuel economy standards have

12 the potential to boost their bottom lines.

13 Put simply, higher fuel standards would help

14 me expand my business and would increase my

15 employees' spending power. More customers means

16 higher tips and wages.

17 Consumers across the country would also save

18 money on the cost to fuel, better positioning them

19 to spend money at businesses like mine.

20 With the help of bold fuel efficiency

21 standards like the ones proposed, we can all do our

22 part in growing the economy.

23 Thanks for listening.

24 Unless you have any questions, I'm going to

25 head back to the restaurant.
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2 MS. OGE: Okay. Thank you for coming.

3 Now I will call Dorsha Turpin. Good

4 afternoon.

5 MS. TURPIN: My name is Dorsha Turpin. I

6 am a mother of two children that have asthma.

7 Asthma runs in my family. My aunt is allergic to

8 certain pets, dust.

9 My daughter's asthma started up when she walks

10 out the front door. I was born with asthma. And

11 my mother and grandmother told me -- took me to a

12 doctor and he told them what to do for the asthma.

13 I am now 53 years old. And when I run or walk

14 up a lot of steps, my asthma acts up. I can be

15 walking down -- I can be walking down the street or

16 walking fast, and all of a sudden I can't catch my

17 breath or find it hard to breathe.

18 It took me about two months of having to go to

19 the doctor and explain what is happening to me and

20 to -- and to have him tell me my asthma is back.

21 My mother used to smoke and stopped and now.

22 She has COPD. She uses an inhaler for asthma.

23 After two years, she has lung cancer. My aunt used

24 to smoke. And after 20 years, she has cancer of

25 the thyroid.
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2 The air changed since I was younger because I

3 now -- I now have full blown asthma. What I mean

4 by full blown asthma is when I -- when my children

5 were young -- younger -- they're grown now -- we

6 used to go bike riding, we used to run, we used to

7 do a lot of different things.

8 Now the air has changed. It's hard for me to

9 walk fast, run, ride my bike like I used to do with

10 my kids because it's -- we have more cars, we have

11 more gasoline, and stuff is messing up with the

12 ozone.

13 So a lot of things have changed with me

14 personally. I do believe that the hybrid cars will

15 be good for the ozone because they're using less

16 gasoline and less that's on the ozone.

17 The ozone is changing because of the

18 refineries that are closing down and that's causing

19 a lot of the smog.

20 So please pass this for all of us that have

21 asthma.

22 Thank you.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you.

24 Ms. Margie Laughlin, good afternoon.

25 MS. LAUGHLIN: Good afternoon. Thank you
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2 for this opportunity.

3 On your table, you'll find the portfolio -- a

4 picture portfolio. These are pictures that I took

5 up in the gas fields in Pennsylvania. This is for

6 your keeping.

7 About three, maybe four weeks ago, the UN

8 summit on climate was held and they were able to

9 extend the protocol about greenhouse gas emissions

10 for another five years. That was good.

11 But of the three largest industrial countries:

12 China, India and the United States only agreed to

13 think about it, and they can back down without

14 making any kind of an agreement whatsoever.

15 The three hugest estimated usage polluters in

16 the world and a commitment could not be made. And

17 we in this country are partly guilty on that.

18 Okay. About the cars, we have the capacity to

19 manufacture automobiles that can experience up to

20 100 miles per gallon. We're selling out at 50, we

21 really are.

22 And if we don't do something soon, some of our

23 favorite vacation places, the islands out in the

24 ocean, are going to be experiencing submersion

25 because of melting ice caps.
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2 This is not a good thing. We really have not

3 taken the responsibility for our environment. It's

4 time for us to grow up.

5 For years the advertisements have been

6 comparing automobiles as fast, sleek, gas-guzzling

7 sport cars with machoism. That hasn't lost.

8 You don't see the sports jocks getting in-line

9 to buy a station wagon. The reason is because our

10 psyches can be manipulated.

11 They are getting in freedom of speech. This

12 is good. Okay. You as an organization with a

13 legislation that we have in Washington, DC right

14 now is liabele to put you out of business all

15 together.

16 But I do congratulate you on the latest on

17 what you have been able to accomplish in getting

18 this limited. That I congratulate you on. Keep up

19 the good work. I'm very proud of that.

20 We need to do something now and we need to do it

21 with everybody involved and pushing it in

22 advertisements that it is the right thing for

23 humans to do.

24 Thank you.

25 MS. OGE: Thank you.
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2 Ms. Alexa Manning, good afternoon.

3 MS. MANNING: Good afternoon. My name is

4 Alexa Manning, and I recently moved to this area

5 from Cincinnati, Ohio.

6 I'm an educator. I have taught fourth grade,

7 third grade, special education, and I'm also a

8 naturalist and environmental educator.

9 And that is one of the main reasons why I'm

10 here today. I am very dedicated to teaching

11 children how to respect and care for our earth.

12 Thank you very much for the opportunity to

13 voice my opinion in support of the proposed standards

14 for new passenger cars and trucks sold from 2017 to

15 2025 for an average of 54.5 miles per gallon.

16 I appreciate the progressive actions that you

17 are taking now and in the future with this and

18 other decisions that positively impact the

19 consumers, workers, transportation, and the

20 environment.

21 I am pleased that many major automobile

22 manufacturers, consumers, and environmental

23 organizations, and a majority of Americans support

24 these proposed standards.

25 These standards benefit our daily lives and
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2 add up to a better way of life now and for future

3 generations.

4 By 2030 annual oil consumption will be cut by

5 approximately 23 billion gallons. I will have the

6 opportunity to purchase the most efficient vehicle

7 available that meets my needs with greater gas

8 mileage that will save me hundreds of dollars at

9 the pump a year.

10 This action will add approximately 43,000 more

11 jobs in the auto industry and approximately ten

12 times more jobs in the nation's economy and about

13 21,000 jobs in this state.

14 This affects my family personally. My husband

15 is a mechanical engineer in the auto parts

16 industry, who lost his job of 24 years in 2009,

17 when we moved to Ohio, when he worked at a company,

18 his company moved from New Jersey to Ohio. And he

19 lost his position in a corporate layoff.

20 Fortunately, he is now employed in a similar

21 position in this area.

22 The proposed standards will promote

23 innovations in vehicles on a mass scale providing

24 more jobs like for my husband, greater vehicle

25 efficiency, and consumer choice.
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2 It is critical that the standards do not have

3 loopholes, credits and flexibilities that can

4 undermine the stringency of the standards that can

5 give consumers true savings and cut our dependence

6 on oil.

7 It is most important to reduce climate change

8 by cutting CO2 emissions that affect the quality of

9 our air and overall health of our citizens.

10 Thank you again for giving me this time to

11 state the reasons why my family and I support the

12 proposed clean vehicle standards.

13 I appreciate your proactive work and look

14 forward to these changes.

15 MS. OGE: Thank you.

16 Mr. Brian Shapiro, good afternoon.

17 MR. SHAPIRO: Thank you all for being

18 here today and for this opportunity.

19 I speak to you as a citizen of the United

20 States and as a small business owner and as someone

21 with a family.

22 And like many families, we have decisions we

23 have to make based on economics and in relation to

24 our transportation, in relation to our housing and

25 such.
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2 And we make choices to live in urban areas so

3 we can walk to as many places as possible because

4 we feel like that's the conscious way to live.

5 And presently, we had a situation where we

6 want to reduce down from a two-car household to a

7 one-car household, and then I have a motorcycle as

8 well. I'm a motorcycle rider.

9 Of all the vehicles we had, we have my

10 motorcycle, which gets 45 plus miles per gallon.

11 Honda Civic, two door, small car, gets 30-something

12 miles to the gallon, and Subaru Forester, which

13 still is a teenager when it comes to getting mileage.

14 And having a two-door Honda, I loved it. It

15 was my car. My wife's car was the other car. But

16 it wasn't practical with a child and getting a

17 child in and out of the car seat and the back of

18 the car.

19 And then, you know, the motorcycle is the solo

20 form of transportation. I mean, I would like to

21 put my son on a car seat on the back of the

22 motorcycle and take him around, but I would be

23 arrested, and my wife wouldn't stand for me to do

24 that anyway.

25 So I'm thinking about, well, maybe we'll buy a
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2 new car, a car that is a larger car that will get

3 us the room that we want and look for fuel

4 efficiency standards.

5 So I did my due diligence, I did my research.

6 I looked through Consumer Reports, I looked through

7 everything.

8 Do you realize how limited the choices are to

9 try and find a high mileage car that has some size

10 to it, to be able to not only put a family in

11 there, but with the various creative businesses

12 that both my wife and I are in, to be able to

13 transport the various things that we need to

14 transport in order to be able to conduct our

15 business?

16 We just stuck with the Forester, which gets

17 abysmal miles to the gallon. Why economically it

18 doesn't make sense for us to buy a new car that is

19 only going to get maximum maybe 30 miles to the

20 gallon, if we could find that in a larger car.

21 I mean, the fact is the choices and options

22 are not available for families who would like to

23 get a car with higher mileage in larger cars. It's

24 not available.

25 I'm not talking about a massive SUV. I'm just
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2 talking about a car with a bit more room. And my

3 thinking is if we place -- if we place these

4 standards out there for an industry that

5 historically has been innovative, that

6 historically, except for a few occasions, has been

7 profitable, who have very intelligent people

8 working within it, my goodness, I can't imagine

9 they wouldn't find the motivation and incentive not

10 only to make sure that these standards can become a

11 reality, but you know what, they might be able to

12 find other forms of energy that we can use to be

13 able to transport us from A to B.

14 So I'm a strong supporter of having these

15 standards in place. And if the existing industry

16 is the one that's able to come up with a way in

17 which to make these standards a reality and could

18 come up with alternative energy, I'm fine with

19 that.

20 It's a win, win for everybody. But I just

21 think it needs to be out there. The bar needs to

22 be set. Because if we do not set that bar like

23 most industries, like most people, hey, if there's

24 a path of least resistance, that's the way I'm

25 going to go.
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2 Thank you for your time.

3 MS. OGE: Thank you.

4 Mr. Bob Pierson.

5 MR. PIERSON: Thank you for the

6 opportunity to present this testimony. My name is

7 Bob Pierson.

8 I live in Philadelphia, and I am an owner of a

9 small business called Farm the City. We bring

10 farmers into farmers' markets in the city and other

11 local food programs.

12 I strongly support the new fuel efficiency

13 standards proposed by the Obama Administration.

14 This is a small step in the right direction for

15 public health, health of the planet, human race, my

16 public, my city and my family.

17 I'm also very pleased about the President's

18 decision to deny permits to the Canadian tar sands

19 oil pipeline.

20 I hope that you will be able to resist

21 political pressure to change this decision.

22 Jim Hansen, former -- I guess he's currently

23 with NASA, stated that if the full extent of the

24 tar sands are exploited along with the world's coal

25 reserves, quote, it is essentially game over for
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2 the climate.

3 The biggest problem facing the world is global

4 warming. Armageddon is approaching relentlessly.

5 The initiating cause of global warming is burning

6 fossil fuel, releasing more CO2 than nature can

7 assimilate.

8 The transportation sector is a major

9 contributor. Continued educational growth without

10 constraints on fossil fuel cause unknown, untold

11 economic social, environment catastrophes.

12 Industrial development is leading us toward

13 this catastrophe. And those countries responsible

14 are paralyzed to act because large corporations

15 control governments. Most of the people on this

16 planet do not own or drive a motor vehicle.

17 I proudly call myself and my family among this

18 overwhelming majority. Maybe not the 99 percent of

19 current income, but we are the transportation fuel

20 efficient 90 percent.

21 You've heard about the money people could save

22 if more fuel-efficient vehicles were mandated.

23 Imagine how much more money people would save if

24 they stopped driving and walked or took public

25 transportation.
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2 My friends say this is not practical. My

3 answer is neither is global meltdown. Upgrading

4 fuel efficiency standards closing loopholes is the

5 first of many steps a government industry and

6 individuals must make to pull us back from the

7 brink of climate disaster.

8 This is very difficult given the very slow

9 start to reforms and the amount of CO2 that must be

10 cut from exhaust pipes. And the per capita average

11 CO2 admitted in the U.S. is about 20 tons per year.

12 In Europe that's roughly eight to 12. Global average

13 is two tons per year.

14 Global warming is it fair to ask the people in

15 the third world to reduce their CO2 emissions even

16 further so we can continue to enjoy our fossil

17 fuel-rich life. No, it is not fair.

18 The U.S. and other industrial nations must

19 figure out how to reduce their use of fossil fuels

20 by at least 90 percent and quickly, too.

21 Again, I strongly support the fuel efficiency

22 standards proposed by the Obama Aministration, but

23 I realize it is a very small step in the right

24 direction.

25 Thank you.
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2 MS. OGE: Thank you.

3 Ms. Giuliana Pierson, good afternoon.

4 MS. PIERSON: I'm Giuliana Pierson, and

5 I'm testifying as a citizen.

6 I very much support the proposal of the Obama

7 Administration to increase the fuel efficiency

8 standards to 54.5 miles per gallon.

9 U.S. use of energy per capita is among the

10 highest in the world and -- the American addiction

11 to our health, threatens our environment, and

12 threatens our planet, and makes us dependent on

13 foreign oil.

14 As a mother and grandmother, I want cleaner

15 air for my children and my grandchildren. On a

16 personal note, my husband and I decided long ago

17 that living and working in the city, we don't need

18 a car, and we use public transportation or bike to

19 get around.

20 Perhaps the car of the future is no car at

21 all. On rare occasions, we use a hybrid car.

22 So I applaud the Obama Administration for

23 having the courage to make such a change, and I

24 hope it will become a reality.

25 Thank you.
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2 MS. OGE: Ms. Pierson, thank you.

3 Ms. Gili Ronen.

4 MS. RONEN: Good afternoon. My name is

5 Gili Ronen. I'm a Philadelphia citizen in favor of

6 the higher fuel efficiency standards, and I thank

7 you for the opportunity to speak today.

8 I'm going to tell you about me and my

9 environmental perspective, about my kids and their

10 environmental perspective, and about me as a

11 consumer.

12 Don't worry, I won't tell you too much about

13 my kids. I can go on and on about them.

14 So it was interesting for me to write down all

15 the reasons why I consider myself an

16 environmentalist. I'll start off with that I own a

17 Prius, which based on the last testimony, I feel a

18 little bit guilty about, but I do own a Prius.

19 I ride my bicycle as much as possible, when

20 I'm not driving my Prius.

21 I did an energy audit of my house. So not

22 only do I pay less money every month to PECO and

23 PGW, but it's actually warmish in my house. It's

24 very exciting.

25 I recycle, I'm a vegetarian, and I purchase
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2 locally grown and made products as often as

3 possible. That's me as an environmentalist.

4 My perspective about, how my perspective as an

5 environmentalist changed some since the adoption of

6 my kids in 2008. Obviously, my life perspective

7 changed, but also as an environmentalist.

8 It's amazing to me I take for granted or what

9 they take for granted as normal in life because,

10 you know, they didn't know anything different.

11 So just to clarify, they are three and four

12 years old. But they take for granted single stream

13 recycling.

14 They don't know anything different than you

15 take everything and you open the door to the back

16 door and you throw it all on the big blue bin.

17 That's just how things are. That's how things

18 are in Philadelphia, and I think many of our

19 neighboring cities.

20 They don't know what the inefficient light

21 bulbs -- the name of which is escaping me at the

22 moment -- incandescent light bulbs.

23 Going to the gas station is a treat because we

24 do it so rarely because we have a Prius with very

25 high fuel efficiency. We just don't go that often.
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2 So that's something that's new and exciting for

3 them.

4 So those are the kinds of things that are

5 standard for them that wouldn't have been

6 standard for them.

7 And many others, like there's a farm down the

8 street from us in North Philadelphia that we go to.

9 And they pick the tomatoes off the vines. Maybe

10 they eat them, maybe they throw them.

11 But the fact is that they love -- they are

12 aware of the fact that our food comes from

13 someplace. So these kinds of things that they take

14 for granted I think are really important.

15 And having fuel-efficient cars is part of

16 what's standard for them. And we want everybody

17 to -- what I would like for all consumers in the

18 future to have it be standard that their car is

19 more energy efficient than it is today.

20 Me, as a consumer, I purchased a Prius

21 because -- even though it cost more, because it was

22 more fuel efficient in the long term. It has

23 actually saved us money, and I'm able to spend that

24 money in other ways as a consumer.

25 And I think that that is something that can
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2 translate to many people who are able to buy more

3 fuel-efficient cars that maybe they spend a little

4 bit more on the car, but long term they are saving

5 money or are able to put down money in other

6 places.

7 So thank you very much for the opportunity to

8 speak. And I'm going to now pick up my kids from

9 school. I appreciate.

10 MS. OGE: Wonderful, good luck.

11 And the final member of this Panel is Mr. Tom

12 Morris, good afternoon.

13 MR. MORRIS: My name is Tom Morris. I'm

14 the Director of Business Development for Honeywell

15 Flourine Products, which is a business unit of

16 Honeywell International.

17 We're global leaders in providing innovative

18 technology to help the world solve its energy and

19 environmental challenges.

20 We employ over 50,000 people in the United

21 States, and are globally recognized as a leading

22 innovator in the development of environmentally

23 preferable refrigerants and blowing agents,

24 including low-global warming potential refrigerants

25 for automobile air-conditioning systems.
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2 Honeywell greatly appreciates the opportunity

3 to offer testimony to EPA and NHTSA on the proposed

4 rule.

5 Honeywell commends EPA and NHTSA for their

6 hard work and foresight in developing a proposed

7 rule that responds to our country's critical need

8 to address global climate change and reduce oil

9 consumption.

10 In particular, we offer comment on the

11 air-conditioning provisions with regard to both

12 leakage credits and engine efficiency.

13 We support EPA and NHTSA's decision to

14 continue and expand upon the AC credit program to

15 provide a strong incentive to eliminate emissions

16 of greenhouse gases from AC systems, and improve

17 energy efficiency of AC operations to reduce fuel

18 consumption.

19 Consistency and technology are critical factors

20 in the designing regulations that enable business to

21 invest in innovative technologies.

22 Continuation of the AC credit program beyond

23 2016 will accelerate the transition to low-GWP

24 refrigerant technology and provide clear market

25 signals to manufacturers as they incorporate these
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2 cleaner technologies into their vehicles.

3 Because of time limitations, I will keep my

4 oral arguments brief, but please note that a full

5 copy of my testimony has been entered into the

6 record.

7 In response to the European Union calls for

8 more environmental-friendly refrigerants for cars,

9 Honeywell's team of world-class scientists launched

10 an accelerated effort to develop a next-generation

11 refrigerant. The result is Solstice 1234yf, a

12 product that not only exceeded the goal

13 politically, but one that represented a long-term

14 global and energy efficiency solution.

15 EPA and NHTSA properly acknowledge that the

16 large number of light-duty vehicles with AC in use

17 has a substantial impact on the amount of energies

18 vehicles consume and the amount of refrigerant

19 leakage that occurs due to their significant use.

20 With forecasts predicting more than 90 million

21 light vehicles to be built per year by 2019,

22 Solstice 1234yf refrigerant can serve as a

23 important component of global climate protection.

24 Honeywell appreciates and supports the

25 proposed rules' recognition of the dual benefits
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2 alternate refrigerants can bring in leading our

3 climate change and energy dependent objective

4 compared to other alternatives referred to in the

5 proposed rule, which has the most favorable climate

6 footprint of its entire life cycle.

7 A major part of refrigerants' global warming

8 potential is due to indirect emissions, CO2

9 emissions, caused by the increased fuel consumption

10 require to power the AC system.

11 Solstice 1234yf refrigerant uses markedly less

12 fuel and produces 20 to 30 percent fewer emissions

13 than CO2 used as refrigerants.

14 These efficiencies offer OEMs additional

15 benefits towards meeting the fuel economy standards

16 in the proposed rule. Solstice 1234yf has a

17 99.7 percent lower global warming potential than

18 134A, the refrigerant in use today.

19 Adoption of Solstice will require few changes

20 to the AC systems. The operating pressures are

21 similar to the most popular refrigerant today,

22 134A.

23 Unlike CO2 systems, which require completely

24 new equipment design, which require significant

25 investment and resources to implement.
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2 The ability of Solstice 1234yf to operate as a

3 near drop-in substitute for 134A brings, as EPA and

4 NHTSA recognized, challenges in developing

5 regulations to prevent backsliding to higher global

6 refrigerant -- global warming refrigerant during

7 recharging.

8 We support regulatory measures to protect

9 against backsliding and provide incentives for the

10 aftermarket to use below-GWP refrigerants.

11 Honeywell is offering to assist EPA and NHTSA

12 to develop a clear and appropriate approach to assure

13 the use and maintenance of low-GWP refrigerants in

14 the aftermarket.

15 EPA and NHTSA must continue to maintain clear

16 and appropriate regulatory programs so that

17 business may effectively commercialize and

18 transition rapidly to these low-GPW refrigerants.

19 Manufacturers must have confidence in a regulatory

20 approach to take the risks necessary to innovate and

21 world's most pressing environment and energy

22 security challenges. We believe that better

23 regulatory approaches are performance-driven,

24 technology neutral, and provide some flexibility, and

25 they must reflect the best available data and signs
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2 incorporating the most up-to-date research and

3 technical information.

4 The regulations will add credibility to the AC

5 credit program. Solstice 1234yf will serve as a

6 valuable tool for auto makers to achieve their

7 greenhouse gas emissions target and fuel economy

8 requirements while transitioning to low-GWP

9 refrigerants.

10 Solstice will contribute significantly to the

11 U.S. economy throughout the life of the rule.

12 We're committed to putting capacity in place, and

13 this will create many new jobs in construction

14 engineering and manufacturing.

15 In sum, Honeywell supports EPA and NHTSA's

16 approach to the continued use of the AC credit

17 program beyond 2016.

18 Thank you for your consideration.

19 MS. OGE: Mr. Crenshaw.

20 MR. CRENSHAW: Thank you. I'm Dr. Bryan

21 Crenshaw. I'm here as a citizen/activist with the

22 Sierra Club.

23 I want to thank you for the opportunity to

24 speak at this hearing in support of the new mileage

25 standards for passenger vehicles.
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2 Today I bring two perspectives to this

3 hearing. First, as a biomechanical scientist at

4 the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the

5 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, and

6 more importantly, a perspective as a father of my

7 12-year-old son, Zachary, shown here expressing his

8 interest in stopping the environment -- stopping

9 global warming.

10 Many of the major scientific articles

11 addressing climate change and the release of

12 anthropogenic greenhouse gases that it causes --

13 that cause it are published in major scientific

14 journals that I read daily, such as Science and

15 Nature.

16 I followed for interest -- I followed with

17 interest for years the strengthening evidence in

18 support of the science behind global warming.

19 Not only do the journals address the evidence

20 in support of climate change, but they also address

21 the engineering policy and economic solutions to

22 mitigate the worst effects of climate destruction.

23 In 2004, Nature and Science outlined an

24 approach that could effectively address the

25 problem, not by using a single solution, but a
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2 series of incremental and the feasible solutions

3 for different sectors of the economy, which they

4 refer to as stabilization wedges.

5 No single wedge could address the entire

6 problem, but by addressing each wedge individually

7 and collectively, it would lead to carbon

8 reductions necessary to stem global warming.

9 And relevant to this hearing, transportation

10 represents a fundamental component to the solution.

11 And I laud these new standards as an important step

12 in the wedge to decarbonize our transportation

13 sector.

14 Although as a scientist, the solutions of

15 decarbonizing our economy seem concrete and

16 feasible, as a father, I am concerned that our

17 public and private institutions are not doing

18 enough to address the impending serious problems

19 that will result if we do not reduce emissions of

20 greenhouse gases.

21 As a scientist, I read policy papers which the

22 best military minds, including General Zilmer, who

23 we heard in the previous session, view global

24 warming as a major national security issue.

25 And I'm encouraged that our military is active
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2 upon this security concern by increasing their use

3 of sustainable energy.

4 Nonetheless, as a father, I fear that not

5 enough is being done to ensure the security of the

6 world that I'm leaving behind for my son.

7 Also, as a scientist, I've read many policy

8 papers by groups such as McKensey & Company that

9 outline the dangers of global warming to the

10 economy and the modest costs such as those incurred

11 by this rule that is being proposed today. These

12 costs are necessary to enumerate the negative

13 economic consequences.

14 As a father, I am here to encourage our

15 government to take necessary steps to ensure the

16 prosperity of our economy in the future.

17 Working at a major pediatric hospital, I'm

18 well aware of the numerous ill effects of burning

19 fossil fuels in vulnerable populations such as the

20 children.

21 So in venues such as the one today, I would

22 like to speak up to protect my child and children

23 like him in -- and by supporting actions that

24 reduce the amount of pollution that is spewed into

25 our environment.
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2 For these reasons, I support the efforts of

3 the EPA and the NHTSA, the ones they are taking to

4 implement an important rule critical for the

5 reduction of our use of fossil fuel, and

6 consequently the production of greenhouse gases

7 that are endangering our climate.

8 For my son and his generation, for their

9 security, for their prosperity, for their health

10 and well-being, I implore you to implement this rule

11 for their future and the future of their economy.

12 Thank you.

13 MS. OGE: Thank you.

14 I want to thank the Panel. We appreciate it.

15 MR. MEDFORD: I think we are now ready

16 for the next Panel, which includes the following:

17 Jim Kliesch, Professor John Sorrentino, Steven

18 Stern, Emily Stern, Nora Nash, and Brendan Flynn.

19 MR. KLIESCH: Good afternoon. My name is

20 Jim Kliesch. I'm here today on behalf of the Union

21 of Concerned Scientists and our more than 350,000

22 supporters.

23 UCS strongly supports the proposed model year

24 2017 through 2025 vehicle greenhouse gas and fuel

25 economy standards, and applaud the National Highway
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2 Safety Administration and the California Air

3 Resources Board for their respective roles in the

4 development of the proposed standards.

5 Throughout the regulatory process the agencies

6 have been transparent, relied heavily on

7 independent technical analyses, sought ongoing

8 input from the public, and other stakeholders.

9 UCS urges the agencies to finalize strong

10 vehicle standards with the attention paid to

11 susceptible provisions in the proposal that if

12 exploited by auto makers would reduce the programs

13 anticipated benefits.

14 America's dependence on oil puts our health

15 and our environment and our national security at

16 risk. Whether it's the threat of international

17 terrorism, the devastating impact of global climate

18 change or lost income and jobs due to oil price

19 shocks, the damage caused by American's heavy

20 reliance on oil is clear.

21 Since transportation accounts for the majority

22 of our -- of America's oil consumption, making our

23 cars and light trucks clean and more fuel efficient

24 is a keystone in cutting reliance and putting

25 money back into the pockets of American consumers.
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2 Based on UCS analysis, the 2017 through 2025

3 standards alone would reduce global warming

4 pollution by as much as 290 million metric tons in

5 2030.

6 This is equivalent to shutting down 62

7 600-mega watt coal-fired power plants for an entire

8 year.

9 Cumulatively, this program will reduce

10 emissions by more than 1.7 billion

11 metric tons through 2030. The proposed standards

12 will also dramatically reduce U.S. oil consumption

13 by as much as 1.5 million barrels per day in 2030

14 alone.

15 That's equivalent to what the U.S. imported in

16 2010 from Saudi Arabia and Iraq combined.

17 In the oil savings of the full model year 2012

18 through 2025 program could result in a total oil

19 reduction of oil consumption of nearly 37.5 MBD in

20 2030, almost double the amount U.S. currently

21 imports from the entire Persian Gulf.

22 No other federal policy has delivered great

23 oil savings, energy, security benefits or

24 greenhouse gas emission reductions to the country.

25 Supplying clean, efficient technologies to our
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2 car and trucks that is a boon for the auto industry,

3 environment, and the economy alike. According to

4 our analysis, full implementation of the proposed

5 '17 through '25 standards would save consumers

6 cumulatively $535 billion at the pump through 2030.

7 Even after paying for the additional cost of

8 better technology, consumers would still see over

9 $260 billion of that savings through 2030.

10 While the cost of clean car technology will

11 lead to an increase in vehicle price, the average

12 consumer will save money the moment they drive off

13 a lot.

14 Since most Americans finance the purchase of a

15 new vehicle, the higher vehicle price is borne as a

16 slightly higher monthly loan payment, which is more

17 than off-set by avoided monthly fuel expenses.

18 The standards also strengthen our economy. By

19 spending less on oil, consumers will have more

20 money to spend on goods and services that will

21 create U.S. jobs.

22 A recent report from CERES found that

23 standards similar to those proposed by the agencies

24 would create nearly 500,000 new jobs nationwide in

25 2030.
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2 Moreover, better fuel efficiency and

3 greenhouse gas performance will improve the

4 competitiveness of the American auto industry.

5 In 2008, in the face of rising gas prices and

6 declining economy, American auto makers were ill

7 prepared to meet consumers' needs. These standards

8 will ensure that manufacturers continue to innovate

9 over the coming decade, providing consumers clean

10 and efficient vehicle choices that will help them

11 fight for years to come.

12 UCS applauds the agents for proposing

13 standards that represent historic progress for

14 American consumers, U.S. auto industry, clean air

15 and U.S. energy security.

16 That said, key provisions in the proposal

17 could erode these benefits if auto makers exploit

18 them, and should be addressed by the agencies

19 before the standards are finalized.

20 For example, the proposal's midterm evaluation

21 provision must be structured to ensure that it is

22 used to support strong standards moving forward,

23 and not merely as an opportunity by the industry to

24 stall or forego regulatory obligations.

25 We're also very concerned that significantly
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2 weaker standards for light trucks could give auto

3 makers an incentive to reclassify passenger

4 vehicles as non-passenger vehicles.

5 For example, the gap of roughly six to ten MPG

6 exist between car and light truck target

7 stringencies in the footprint range seen by many

8 crossover vehicles.

9 This gap is much larger than the fuel economy

10 loss a crossover would face from adding four-wheel

11 drive, which could enable it to qualify it for a

12 weaker standard as a non-passenger vehicle.

13 Gaming of the system like this will cut down

14 on the anticipated program benefits giving the

15 sizable and growing popularity of the crossover

16 vehicle segment. The agencies cannot afford to

17 dismiss this issue.

18 That said, the proposed 2017 through 2025

19 light-duty vehicle standards represent a historic

20 step forward with the potential to nearly double

21 the fuel efficiency and halve the greenhouse gas

22 emissions of light-duty vehicles sold in model year

23 2025 compared to those sold today.

24 Together with the 2012 through 2016 standards

25 there represents the most significant action taken
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2 by the federal government to cut America's oil

3 dependency and curb global warming pollution.

4 We thank the agency for the diligent work in

5 developing these proposed standards, and look

6 forward to the finalization of strong standards

7 through 2025 by this July consistent with the time

8 line issued in the most recent notice of intent.

9 Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

11 Professor Sorrentino.

12 MR. SORRENTINO: Thank you. My name is

13 John Sorrentino. I'm an Associate Professor of

14 Economics at Temple University with a specialty in

15 Environmental Economics.

16 I recently published an article in the Journal

17 of Environmental Management on reducing air pollution

18 greenhouse emissions through sustainable housing

19 placement.

20 Part of the research was funded by EPA's

21 Office of Science Policy.

22 My comments today will include the following:

23 a quote from the Stern Review, the economic for

24 climate change, auto market benefits associated

25 with fuel-efficient vehicles, benefits from reduced
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2 greenhouse gases, and my own personal response to

3 the proposed standards.

4 A quote from the Stern Review: Climate change

5 is the greatest market failure the world has ever

6 seen. It interacts with other market

7 imperfections.

8 The three elements of policy are required for

9 an effective global response. The first is the

10 pricing of carbon, implemented through tax, trading

11 or regulation.

12 The second is policy to support innovation and

13 the deployment of low carbon technologies. And the

14 third is action to remove barriers to energy

15 efficiency and to inform, educate and persuade

16 individuals about what they can do to respond to

17 climate change.

18 We are here for the first -- not here for the

19 first, but we are here for the second and third.

20 Auto market benefits associated with increased

21 fuel efficiency standards. In the 1979 paper,

22 Jerry Hausman pointed out that consumers of an

23 energy-using durable goods effectively used a

24 25-percent discount rate in calculating the present

25 value of energy expenditures over the life of the
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2 good.

3 In 1994, Jaffe and Stavens discussed what they

4 call the "energy paradox," that consumer and firms

5 have been remarkably slow to adopt apparently high

6 return energy efficient technologies.

7 These and other observations motivated a pair

8 of MIT researchers to examine whether consumers of

9 automobiles were responsive to future gasoline

10 prices.

11 While the Congressional Budget Office in 2008

12 concluded that consumers do respond to higher

13 gasoline prices, Mr. Widley at MIT concluded in a

14 2010 paper that consumer adoption rates of high

15 efficiency vehicles in the face of rising gas

16 prices were suboptimal, causing a welfare loss of

17 about $3.6 billion in year 2005.

18 The welfare measure was lost consumer surplus,

19 plus what the office called a financial

20 internality. Policies to increase adoption rates

21 will help avoid the welfare loss.

22 In 2002, the Office of National Academy of

23 Science study found that previous CAFE standards

24 have saved 14 percent of the-then current gasoline

25 expenditures.
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2 More recently, the Union of Concerned

3 Scientists in collaboration with Nature Resource

4 Defense Council and go60.org estimate that drivers

5 in the State of Pennsylvania will save over

6 $900 million annually as a result of the proposed

7 standards. The nationwide savings are estimated to

8 be $44 billion.

9 The energy paradox provides justification for

10 policies that directly affect consumer choices at

11 vehicle purchase time as opposed to affecting the

12 cost of using the vehicle over time.

13 Hence, the CAFE and GHG standards being

14 discussed in this meeting appear to be necessary

15 from the consumer choice side; that the U.S. auto

16 industry has been party to the setting of this

17 specific standards under discussion in the case;

18 that the standards are feasible and not unduly

19 burdensome. Both sides of the auto market stand to

20 benefit.

21 In terms of broader economic impacts, the

22 Management Information Systems, Inc. performed

23 analysis for the Coalition of Environmentally

24 Responsible Economies series in 2010 that estimated

25 the creation of over 480,000 nationwide jobs in
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2 2030 as a result of the CAFE standards. That's

3 their 4 percent scenario.

4 Pennsylvania would see over 21,000 of these

5 jobs, as was mentioned earlier. The proposed

6 rule -- in a proposed rule, EPA estimates an

7 overall present value of net benefit of the

8 proposed standards to be $421 billion in 2009 dollars

9 three-percent discount rate. NHTSA has a similar

10 estimate of $358 billion.

11 Net benefits of reduced greenhouse gases. A

12 couple of studies that I mentioned here are the

13 Stern Review and the Norhaus DICE model, both of

14 which come up with positive net benefits for GHG

15 reduction.

16 While the magnitude and net benefits is open

17 to question, it is encouraging that the signs are

18 positive. Hence, policy -- policies reducing GHGs

19 are beneficial.

20 The UCS Go 60 study estimated that the

21 proposed standards would cut CO2-equivalent

22 emissions by over eight million tons annually in

23 Pennsylvania as a result of the standards. The

24 nationwide reduction in emissions is estimated to

25 be 280 million tons.
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2 Using the global social cost of carbon given

3 in the proposed rule of $22 per ton in 2009 dollars,

4 value of avoided emissions in Pennsylvania is

5 $176 million, and in the U.S., $6.16 billion.

6 In summary, the analysis and empirical data

7 have led me to support the proposed standards.

8 They will promote consumer welfare, encourage the

9 innovation of the U.S. business sector, and have a

10 positive effect on the U.S. economy.

11 As a whole, it will reduce GHGs in the

12 relatively short term, which many think will avoid

13 serious problems in the long term.

14 Personally, I support the standards because

15 I'm a fairly strong environmentalist, and I feel

16 that giving consumers the fewer technological

17 options will make the choice of fuel efficiency

18 easier.

19 Thank you.

20 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

21 Next, Mr. Flynn.

22 MR. FLYNN: Ladies and Gentlemen,

23 representatives of the Environmental Protection

24 Agency and the National Highway Traffic Safety

25 Administration, thank you for holding this hearing
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2 today.

3 It's encouraging to see such a strong turnout

4 for strong fuel economy standards.

5 My name is Brendan Flynn. I'm a proud

6 graduate of the United States Coast Guard Academy.

7 I'm very happy to be here to encourage the EPA

8 and NHTSA to follow the lead of the United States

9 military and take active steps to reduce our

10 dependence on oil by enacting a strong 54.5 miles

11 per gallon standard.

12 For over ten years, the U.S. military has been

13 engaged in a multi-front war in Afghanistan, Iraq

14 and around the world. The one constant in this

15 fight has been the copious amounts of diesel fuel

16 consumed by our forces.

17 Forward operating bases rely on a steady supply

18 of diesel to sustain operation. A10s and AVAB's

19 providing closed air support burn through hundreds of

20 gallons of fuel simply staying aloft, a significant

21 expense, and in war zones a serious security

22 concern as every drop of that fuel must be brought

23 in with fuel convoys under continual attack.

24 It's very clear to me that America's oil

25 dependence makes us vulnerable. Some of my good
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2 friends in the Coast Guard have served guarding oil

3 platforms just off the coast of Iraq from

4 waterborne suicide boat attacks.

5 One such attack in 2004 took the life of

6 Damage Controlman Third Class, Nate Buckenthal, the

7 first Coast Guardsman to be killed in action since

8 Vietnam.

9 U.S. forces recently turned over oil platform

10 security duties to the Iraqis, but oil

11 infrastructure continues to be a target for attacks

12 overseas and here at home.

13 Furthermore, some of the money we spend for

14 oil goes into the hands of our enemies. 60 percent

15 of Iran's revenue comes from oil profits.

16 6-0 percent.

17 Oil-rich Gulf sheiks continue to donate money

18 to Afghan insurgents, Al-Qaeda franchise

19 organizations, and other organizations and

20 individuals we're fighting against.

21 As Former Director of Central Intelligence James

22 Woolsey said, we're fighting both sides of the war

23 for the first time since the Civil War.

24 This is why I believe we must adopt the 54.5

25 miles per gallon standard. Nearly half the oil
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2 that we use goes towards fueling our cars and

3 trucks. So that means that cars that use less gas

4 will help break our addiction.

5 The standard is good for the economy as it

6 will bring new investment in energy. It's good for

7 our national security as the less reliant we are on

8 one source of energy, the less vulnerable we are to

9 major destruction of supply.

10 Frankly, the only people in -- that this

11 standard is bad for are the insurgents and

12 terrorists fighting against our troops and plotting

13 against our nation.

14 So for the sake of our service members in

15 harm's way and for the future of our country, I

16 strongly urge the EPA and NHTSA to adopt this

17 standard.

18 Thank you.

19 MR. MEDFORD: Mr. Steven Stern.

20 MR. STERN: Good afternoon, everyone.

21 I'm here with my daughter, Emily. We're originally

22 from Delaware County, Pennsylvania. We moved to

23 New Jersey right outside of Atlantic City back in

24 June.

25 And I had the pleasure of taking a trip to
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2 California over the summer. And we actually

3 purchased a 2003 Toyota RAV4 EV, electric vehicle.

4 And the individual we bought it from -- we had

5 it transported here, back to New Jersey, back in

6 the summer. And the individual had just purchased

7 a 2011 Nissan Leaf along with a second Toyota RAV4

8 EV.

9 And the car is nine years old. And I would

10 say that in my experience and my education into

11 electric vehicles, which is very short, that the

12 Toyota RAV4 comes with a nickel-metal hydride

13 battery.

14 And they say that a nickel-metal hydride

15 battery is probably ahead of its time even as today

16 cars are being built with these lithium batteries.

17 The nickel-metal hydride battery is actually

18 manufactured by Panasonic. And Panasonic in a

19 lawsuit with Chevron, an oil company, purchasing a

20 nickel-metal hydride battery that's used for

21 electric vehicles. Okay? Chevron owns the patent

22 and seems that nobody can actually use the

23 nickel-metal hydride battery on any electric

24 vehicle unless they want to get sued.

25 So my suggestion is this, is that President
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2 Obama has with a stroke of his left hand be able

3 to release the patent restrictions from Chevron, an

4 oil company, to -- that other car manufacturers use

5 the technology of a nickel-metal hydride batteries

6 in electric vehicles.

7 Now, I have a nine-year-old, 2003 Toyota RAV4

8 EV that gets 80 miles on a full charge, has almost

9 90,000 miles on it.

10 The gentleman in California, he has a 2003

11 Toyota RAV4, which gets a hundred miles on a range

12 on a full charge.

13 My daughter takes the car to Stockton College,

14 charges it up in the evening when she comes home,

15 takes it school. Sometimes she'll go to school

16 without even charging it for two days.

17 So, again, my beef is that the nickel-metal

18 hydride battery needs to get back into these

19 companies, these car manufacturers, to start

20 building these cars.

21 The lady on the last Panel said we need to

22 have a car that has a hundred miles per gallon.

23 That's correct, we need to have a car right now

24 that has a hundred miles per gallon.

25 We don't need a car that gets 54 next year,
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2 60, next year 65. We need to break our dependency

3 on foreign oil right now.

4 Actually, we had to do it yesterday, last

5 year, five years ago, ten years ago.

6 We see Presidents that say we need to break up

7 the dependency of foreign oil. We have Nixon,

8 Carter, Clinton. Every president has said we need

9 to break up dependency on foreign oil.

10 The only way they're going to do this is if we

11 start taking this innovation of nickel-metal

12 hydride batteries and putting them back into the

13 companies that produce electric vehicles. That's

14 my beef.

15 Thank you.

16 Emily, do you want to have an opportunity to

17 say something?

18 No. Okay. Thank you so much.

19 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

20 Okay. Ms. Nash.

21 MS. NASH: Good afternoon everyone. I

22 am Sister Nora Nash of the Sisters of St. Francis

23 of Philadelphia, and I do thank you for the

24 opportunity to be here today to publicly support

25 the clean car standards.
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2 I represent my congregation, a community of

3 over 500 women, but I also represent the Interfaith

4 Center on Corporate Responsibility.

5 This is a faith-based and socially responsible

6 organization of approximately 300 active

7 institutional investors.

8 We work with corporations to try to build a

9 more just and sustainable world by integrating

10 social values into investor actions.

11 I am a Franciscan, and our fait calls us to be

12 proponents for the care of creation,

13 sustainability. And that certainly includes

14 vehicle fuel efficiency.

15 We believe that the development of the

16 cleanest, not necessarily 50 or 60 miles an hour,

17 the cleanest car standards possible is not only a

18 moral responsibility, but it is a commitment to our

19 environment, to human rights, to human health, and

20 the overall well-being of our global community.

21 Global climate change and public health as

22 well as energy independence are strong reasons to

23 reduce U.S. reliance on oil and other fossil fuels.

24 Our fragile earth is already threatened by

25 cyclones, hurricanes, earthquakes, flooding and
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2 other disasters.

3 But other economic security is also threatened

4 by our dependence on imported oil. It is estimated

5 that the newer implementation of these standards

6 and better standards will reduce our consumption of

7 oil by several billion gallons, and even more

8 cut global warming pollution by millions of metric

9 tons.

10 It is encouraging to note that our country is

11 finally beginning to give serious thought to

12 seeking better ways to reduce our oil consumption,

13 dependence on foreign oil and move into a future

14 that is not totally dependent but directed toward a

15 deeper sense of our responsibility to care for the

16 earth.

17 We also know that the auto industry is getting

18 back on its feet and the news from Detroit is

19 hopeful.

20 It is evident that the technology to build

21 cleaner, more efficient cars has been available for

22 many years, and our auto industry I think is geared

23 up to get back on track.

24 I believe that this is an historic moment that

25 we need to take hold of, all of us. We have come
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2 together today to support clean air standards.

3 Hopefully, it's a real charter to lead us forward.

4 I believe also that it contains a world view

5 that we have and we share that we need to spread

6 and this world view, is a world view that is more

7 just -- more prudent, but also directed at the

8 common good, it's directed towards the greater

9 sense of national and personal responsibility.

10 We are called to take care of the earth and to

11 protect our natural resources. We are called to

12 pursue a healthier environment and promote

13 healthier communities.

14 And we certainly are called to support

15 economics of sustainability, greater independence

16 from foreign oil, and ultimately -- I think this is

17 key -- a more peaceful world where oil wars will be

18 offset by greater cooperation between nations and

19 the world's poorest nations will not be the victim

20 of our oil greed and consumption.

21 Why would we not support an opportunity to

22 move in the direction of clean cars, clean air, and

23 a healthier environment for all?

24 As a stakeholder, the Sisters of St. Francis

25 of Philadelphia and the Interfaith Center on
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2 Corporate Responsibility are committed to move

3 towards more efficient, cleaner vehicles to a

4 better environment for all of us.

5 And we thank the EPA and President Obama for

6 officially proposing these new standards, and we

7 thank you for the privilege of being present here

8 today.

9 I am particularly grateful to the EPA, Penn

10 Environment, and all the other organizations that

11 have supported this.

12 Thank you.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

14 Mr. Harper.

15 MR. HARPER: Good afternoon. I'm

16 Reverend Fletcher Harper, Executive Director of

17 Green Faith, the National Interfaith Environmental

18 Coalition.

19 Green Faith works with over 5,000 faith-based

20 groups nationwide to educate, equip and mobilize

21 them to offer leadership on behalf of the

22 environment.

23 I'm here today to offer Green Faith's strong

24 support to the fuel efficiency standards that are

25 the subject of this hearing.
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2 The world's great religions, Judaism, Islam,

3 Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and others affirm

4 three core beliefs that are consistent with both

5 the intent and the impact of the proposed

6 standards.

7 First, these traditions teach that the earth

8 reveals the existence of its creator, and therefore

9 those activities which protect or preserve a

10 healthy environment are morally significant because

11 they show respect to the creator and make it

12 possible for others to appreciate creation's

13 majesty and beauty.

14 Conversely, actions to degrade creation are

15 wrong because they show disrespect to the creator

16 while depriving many of the chance to enjoy the

17 beauty of God's earth.

18 This religious perspective is in certain ways

19 echoed in widespread recognition that there are

20 in the environment and that regulations and policies

21 must take these non-financial values into account.

22 By reducing air pollutions substantially, the

23 proposed standards are deeply consistent with this

24 first religious view.

25 Second, religion teaches us that society owes
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2 a particular duty of care to its most vulnerable

3 members.

4 Again, the proposed standards support this

5 value. Others here have testified about the harms

6 to human health caused, for instance, by tailpipe

7 emissions.

8 Green Faith is particularly aware of the

9 disproportionate impact of air pollution on

10 communities whose rates of asthma and respiratory

11 illness are far higher than those in wealthier

12 whiter communities.

13 The proposed standards would substantially

14 decrease the particulate matter that contributes to

15 these negative health impacts, an outcome clearly

16 consistent with religious values.

17 In addition, the proposed standards would

18 contribute to lessening our nation's greenhouse gas

19 emissions, reducing the pace and level of climate

20 change, which will again decrease negative health

21 impacts on vulnerable communities domestically

22 and internationally by reducing heat-related

23 illness and death, slowing the spread of infectious

24 diseases, decreasing damage due to severe weather

25 events, and more. Clearly, these are morally
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2 favorable outcomes.

3 Third, religions teach that human being are

4 called to protect, care for and steward an earth

5 which in the end does not belong fully to us.

6 Whether religion sees ownership in residing in

7 whole or in part with the divine, with future

8 generations, or with the wider community of life,

9 the point is clear, we are not free to use the

10 earth's resources solely for our own narrowly

11 defined well-being because ultimately the earth

12 does not belong to us.

13 Rather than interpreting this as rejection of

14 the notion of private property, we prefer to

15 recognize that all human society develops some form

16 of ownership of earth's resources, whether

17 familial, clan base, governmental or private.

18 The issue is not whether or not we will

19 develop these systems of ownership. We always have

20 and we always will. The issue is whether the

21 ownership systems we develop are consistent with

22 our obligation to steward earth's resources

23 consistent with earth's inalienable purpose of

24 supporting life with which it was endowed with by

25 its creator.
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2 Once again, the proposed standards, by fighting

3 pollution and climate change and protecting human

4 and ecological health, represent an important step

5 in making an ethic of stewardship real.

6 In closing, let me repeat that the proposed

7 standards are deeply consistent with teachings and

8 values from the world's great religious

9 communities.

10 Thank you for the opportunity to testify in

11 their support.

12 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

13 Mr. David Ross.

14 MR. ROSS: My name is David Ross,

15 Associate Professor of economics at Bryn Mawr

16 College. I'm the co-author of a classic industrial

17 organization textbook. My courses include

18 environmental economics, and I serve on my local

19 township planning commission.

20 In a perfect world, the price of gasoline

21 reflecting the environmental, national security and

22 public health externalities of fossil fuel

23 consumption, consumers would demand the most fuel

24 efficient vehicles and major auto makers would be

25 rushing to provide them.
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2 In our very imperfect world, the ongoing

3 political grid-lock, the proposed CAFE and

4 greenhouse gas standards are the single most

5 effective policy option on the table for addressing

6 our over-dependence on fossil fuels.

7 At current prices and with a public

8 misinformed about the consequences of greenhouse

9 gas -- greenhouse gases and other tailpipe

10 emissions, no one automobile company would

11 voluntarily shift to a truly fuel efficient fleet.

12 While demand for fuel-efficient vehicles is on

13 the rise, proper policy incentives still are needed

14 for a sustained shift to a more fuel-efficient and

15 climate-friendly fleet.

16 That's why I applaud both the details of the

17 rules you are considering today, and importantly,

18 the process that led to their preliminary

19 adoption.

20 The net benefits of proposals to raise fuel

21 economy standards in the past were eroded by

22 vehement industry opposition and conflicting

23 regulatory goals leading to delays through

24 litigation and gaming of the regulatory frame

25 work.
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2 These 2017-25 compromised standards

3 represent a consensus of relevant regulatory

4 agencies, and many of the largest private sector

5 players.

6 The proposed rules make sense for a host of

7 reasons, but I want to use my time today to address

8 the criticisms that the few remaining opponents

9 have been raising in the media.

10 Focusing on affordability, passenger safety,

11 impacts on automobile dealers, consumer freedom,

12 and the consequences for our failing road network.

13 Critics see the new standards as a formula for

14 sticker shock. With price increases of $2,000 to

15 $3,100, making automobiles unaffordable for low

16 income consumers.

17 Well, history demonstrates that initial

18 estimates of the cost of complying with new

19 environmental standards have proven grossly

20 exaggerated as human ingenuity, when facing the

21 proper incentives, finds novel cost-effective

22 solutions.

23 But suppose those purchase price estimates are

24 accurate, at current, gasoline prices, the savings

25 and lower fuel costs over the lifetime of the
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2 vehicle would be approximately $6,000.

3 And most low income consumers finance vehicle

4 purchases so that their net out-of-pocket expense

5 would actually be lower from day one.

6 Anticipated net savings could be much greater

7 if the real price of gasoline rises between now and

8 2025 as seems all too plausible given rising

9 demand for fossil fuels in low income countries,

10 political and economic unrest in oil-rich regions,

11 and the eventual recognition by the public and

12 political elites of the dire consequences of

13 human-influenced climate change.

14 Are fuel-efficient vehicles unsafe? Critics

15 anticipate that weight reduction will be a major

16 strategy to achieve greater fuel economy in a

17 cost-effective manner, and that this will increase

18 the likelihood of injury or death from vehicle

19 collisions.

20 They point to the 50 percent increase in

21 fatalities resulting from accidents involving

22 passenger cars and light-truck SUVs experienced

23 between 1979 and 1999.

24 But it wasn't so much the decrease in weight

25 of passenger cars as the dramatic increase in the
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2 light-truck SUV share of all vehicles on the road

3 that drove that statistic.

4 The proposed standard limits any further

5 worsening in vehicle weight disparities by linking

6 fuel economy standards to vehicle footprint.

7 If fuel economy gains are concentrated in

8 high-end vehicles through new materials or

9 increasing reliance on hybrid technology, then

10 fleet weight disparities may even diminish.

11 In my view, critics have failed to refute the

12 reasonable NHTSA projections of a modest increase

13 in safety under the 2017-25 standards.

14 Now some automobile dealers groups claim harm

15 through lost sales and lost jobs. In reality, all

16 else equal, the projected drop in the net cost of

17 vehicle ownership will result in an increase in

18 sales.

19 New fuel economy standards are one element in

20 a portfolio of policies needed to protect the U.S.

21 economy from fossil fuel price volatility.

22 Nothing has been more harmful to local

23 automobile dealers than the unpredictable

24 plummeting demand we have seen following spikes in

25 gasoline prices.
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2 Thoughtful observations note that higher fuel

3 economy standards threaten to increase the funding

4 shortfall facing our failing road network.

5 This is certainly true. Road maintenance

6 revenues flow primarily from gasoline taxes while

7 cost are a function of miles driven.

8 By lowering vehicle operating cost per mile

9 driven, new fuel economy standards may actually

10 increase total wear and tear on our roads.

11 The solution is to reform funding mechanisms

12 for road repair, not block these necessary new

13 standards. Thus, none of the criticisms I've

14 encountered hold water.

15 As an economist and a local government

16 official, I'm clear that the benefits of these

17 standards far outweigh the cost for our environment

18 and our economy.

19 I thank everyone involved in developing the

20 proposed standards. I thank you for your patience

21 in hearing me out, and urge finalization of strong

22 standards for model years 2017, 2025 this summer.

23 Thank you.

24 MS. OGE: Good afternoon.

25 MS. FEENEY: My name is Katie Feeney.
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2 For the sake of full disclosure, I work for the

3 Clean Air Council, but I hope you'll all take my

4 comments as a concerned citizen today.

5 MS. OGE: We will.

6 MS. FEENEY: Thank you. As someone who

7 is very, very concerned about global warming, I'm

8 so pleased that a major action is finally being

9 taken to decrease greenhouse gas emissions in

10 America, and I can't stress how much I mean that

11 sentence.

12 The 2017 and later model year light-duty

13 vehicle greenhouse gas emissions rule is

14 undoubtedly, as many people have said, one of the

15 biggest most progressive steps that America has

16 taken to tackle global warming.

17 The EPA and the National Highway Traffic

18 Safety Administration have collaborated to create

19 cleaner and more efficient vehicles that will

20 effectively address major national concerns.

21 The continuation of the national program will

22 require auto makers to comply with regulations that

23 ultimately reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

24 decrease U.S. oil consumption and save American

25 consumers money at the pump.
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2 I can't find anything wrong with those three

3 things.

4 Finally, Americans can look forward to

5 reduction of harmful emissions, cut back in foreign

6 oil dependency, and maintain a competitive role in

7 the automobile industry and clean energy technology

8 industries for the future.

9 Again, nothing bad about anything that I just

10 said.

11 As a result of climate change, more frequent

12 natural disasters and weather events have already

13 damaged the earth, already threatening human

14 welfare across the globe.

15 In 2011, U.S. Department of Homeland Security

16 recorded 99 major disaster declarations throughout

17 the country. These events collectively accumulated

18 approximately $27 billion in economic losses.

19 From personal experience on Tuesday,

20 January 17th in Philadelphia at noon, it was

21 55 degrees outside. And today I say it's about --

22 last time I checked it was 25, feels like 23.

23 Because I believe in science, I know that is

24 not just crazy weather that we're having.

25 Furthermore, within the past year nearly every
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2 Western oil company has reported an onshore or

3 offshore oil spill in Europe, Asia or North

4 America.

5 For this reason, we need to take action. The

6 consequence of climate change also negatively

7 impacts human health through increased heat-related

8 mortality in cities, increased rates of water- and

9 foodborne diseases and allows for industrial-borne

10 diseases, allergens, and skin cancer.

11 The allergen thing I actually understand all

12 too well. For this reason, we need to take action.

13 Finally, as the dangers of global warming

14 become realistic and indisputable, the government,

15 environmentalists, and the automobile industry must

16 confront this crisis head on, and I am so pleased

17 that they are.

18 America's addiction to foreign oil damages the

19 environment with devastating oil spills that

20 pollutes the air we breathe or water. It

21 contributes to climate change.

22 But we live in a world of dollars and cents,

23 and I understand that, so let's talk about them.

24 The United States spends approximately $1

25 billion a day on foreign oil. The proposed
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2 national program will address this problem. Saving

3 approximately four billion barrels of oil and two

4 billion metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions

5 over the lifetime of those light-duty vehicles sold

6 in years 2017 through 2025.

7 This is a major step for us, for the U.S.,

8 whose light-duty vehicles emit 1.7 billion

9 tons of carbon dioxide a year. That

10 accounts for roughly 20 percent of the nation's

11 carbon emissions.

12 I know a lot of these have been said, but I

13 really don't think they can be stressed enough.

14 As our vice president would say, this is a big

15 "explicative" deal. The new fuel efficiency

16 standards have significant benefits and people like

17 me will see them.

18 Consumers who drive their 2025 model year

19 vehicle for its entire lifetime are predicted to

20 safe on average $5,200 to $6,600 in fuel savings.

21 In 2030, consumers as a whole are predicted to

22 save $45 billion in gas. That same year

23 Pennsylvanians can expect to save $991 million in

24 gas.

25 The program also promises to create thousands
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2 of domestic jobs through hybrid and plug-in

3 electric vehicle production. It will also allow

4 American suppliers to enter into the market.

5 In Pennsylvania 13 factories employ 8,662

6 workers making it fifth out of the top 15 states

7 with the highest number of auto workers in clean,

8 efficient technologies.

9 Estimates show that the national program will

10 create an additional 21,300 jobs in Pennsylvania,

11 as well as 484,000 new jobs across the country

12 potentially.

13 So, to close, as a concerned citizen, this is

14 just a huge victory. The fuel efficient standards

15 would be a huge victory across the board for our

16 country.

17 I thank U.S. EPA and the U.S. Department of

18 Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety

19 Administration for the cleaner air that these

20 standards will bring to me and to all Americans.

21 Thank you.

22 MS. OGE: Thank you. Ms. Rachel

23 Arenstein.

24 MS. ARENSTEIN: Thank you for the

25 opportunity to speak today regarding the proposed
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2 fuel economy and carbon emissions standards.

3 My name is Rachel Arenstein. As part of the

4 staff of the National Wildlife Federation, I care

5 deeply about the impacts of our greenhouse gas

6 emissions on America's wildlife.

7 Most of us depend on cars in our daily lives,

8 whether they are getting us to work, connecting us

9 to our family and friends, or taking us on outdoor

10 adventures.

11 The mobility they afford us has enriched our

12 lives in innumerable ways. Unfortunately, America's

13 wildlife is bearing the burden of our

14 transportation needs.

15 But now we have the opportunity to reduce that

16 burden. These standards give us a real opportunity

17 to -- opportunity to roll back the pollution that

18 causes climate change and to protect wildlife for

19 generations to come.

20 Carbon pollution is causing warming climate

21 worldwide. These changes are causing habitat loss

22 and shifting weather patterns that impact wildlife

23 species, some of which may never adopt.

24 The 20 million barrels of oil America uses a

25 day are the largest source of carbon pollution in
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2 our country. New vehicle standards would cut this

3 carbon pollution by over 600 million metric tons,

4 about 10 percent of total U.S. carbon pollution

5 today.

6 Deep cuts in oil use also means less pressure

7 for risky new drilling projects and pipelines in

8 environmentally-sensitive areas and fewer leaks and

9 threats to people, wildlife, water, and our public

10 and private lands.

11 When drilling projects go wrong, whole eco

12 systems are threatened by disasters like the

13 Deepwater Horizon spill in 2010.

14 The U.S. auto industry has the opportunity to

15 lead the way to a green energy future. Freeing us

16 from our dependence on oil, strengthening our

17 national security, saving American families

18 billions of dollars, creating jobs, and taking a

19 huge step in the fight to mitigate climate change.

20 With these landmark fuel economy and carbon

21 pollution standards, America's wildlife and auto

22 industry can flourish together.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you.

24 Mr. Jim Wyle.

25 MR. WYLE: My name is Jim Wyle from West
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2 Chester, Pennsylvania. I'm an environmental

3 activist and Sierra Club member.

4 I was fascinated by the testimony this morning

5 of Rabbi Waskow, who made the analogy of the story

6 of the Garden of Eden where people had not even a

7 little bit of self-restraint even after being

8 warned.

9 I was also interested in the testimony of the

10 native German woman this morning -- I'm sorry, I've

11 lost her name -- that likened the consumer buying

12 habits to those of an addict.

13 I wouldn't say that America or the world is

14 addicted to fossil fuels or are, but our

15 transportation energy and our global economy is

16 certainly heavily dependent on oil and other fossil

17 fuels.

18 The supply of fossil fuels on this planet is

19 finite. We can debate the size of the supply, but

20 the fact that it is finite is beyond debate.

21 Our oil supply will run out someday. So given

22 that, that there is a finite supply of something

23 that our global economy is very dependent on, what

24 possibly can be the argument for having a national

25 strategy of use it up as fast as possible?
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2 Where is the logic in this strategy? This is

3 only one argument I can think of. I better get my

4 share before you use it all up.

5 The U.S. should eat fast before China eats the

6 whole pie. This is a juvenile argument.

7 The growth and energy policies of developing

8 nations is an issue to be sure, but this -- but

9 still unrestrained gluttony does not seem like a

10 thoughtful strategy.

11 Please help us realize a little bit of

12 self-restraints. I endorse higher fuel efficiency

13 standards.

14 Thank you.

15 MS. OGE: Mr. Andrew Bloom, Mr. David

16 Bennett, Ms. Colleen Guine.

17 MS. GUINE: Thank you. Good afternoon,

18 my name is Colleen Guine. I'm a pediatric nurse

19 practitioner. I've cared for children in South

20 Philadelphia for 16 years.

21 And a little statement that I have prepared:

22 Over 10 percent of the children in Philadelphia

23 suffer from asthma.

24 And as the earlier presenter talked about her

25 personal experience with asthma, I just wanted to
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2 share with you today briefly, the personal side of

3 asthma is devastating for families, not just for

4 the children who are patients, but also for the

5 patients who need to miss work, who can't plan

6 their day, and their week and their month because

7 they don't know when their child's asthma will

8 trigger again.

9 Some children are fortunate enough to have

10 health insurance which will ensure them quality

11 care with severe exacerbations and others are

12 trapped in their homes afraid to walk up the

13 stairwell because they might trigger another asthma

14 attack.

15 I see children every day and I do know, as you

16 do as well, that by getting these standards

17 approved, we will help those children's lives.

18 A lot of people talk about dollars and cents,

19 and clearly the cost of asthma is huge economically

20 in this country.

21 But the personal cost is higher and cannot be

22 truly measured. The fear, the uncertainty in these

23 children's lives can be overwhelming.

24 Just last week I had a patient who seemed to

25 be well, was in between doses, didn't need any
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2 medicine for months on end, and literally within 24

3 hours she was in the ICU on the verge of being

4 intubated.

5 Now, whether or not these standards had come

6 in five or ten years ago, might have made a

7 difference in this children's day or week or month,

8 I don't know.

9 But I can tell you that that admission has

10 changed his life. Anything you can do to get these

11 standards approved and through, I wholeheartedly

12 support.

13 I thank you so much your time. I hope you

14 guys get home before midnight.

15 MS. OGE: Thank you. I appreciate it.

16 Jon Gensler.

17 MR. GENSLER: Thank you for allowing me

18 the opportunity to address you Ladies and Gentlemen

19 this afternoon on the proposed rule to improve the

20 fuel economy of our automobile and light truck

21 fleet.

22 My name is Jonathan Gensler, and I consider

23 myself a climate hawk here today to speak on behalf

24 of thousands of veterans across the country who

25 believe that our nation's -- I will call it an
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2 addiction, addiction to oil and fossil fuels, are

3 absolutely contributing to climate change and are

4 threatened very direct to national security.

5 I believe that the proposal that we're

6 discussing here today is a vitally important step

7 towards reducing that threat, protecting our

8 troops, and furthering our national interest

9 abroad.

10 I know that General Zilmer and Former

11 Coastguardsman Brandon Flynn and another gentleman

12 this morning told a little bit about their stories

13 and illuminated the reasons why the military

14 believes this and would be behind you by taking its

15 own actions.

16 I'm today going to tell you little about me

17 personally and why I as a soldier and veteran

18 support what you're doing.

19 I am a very lucky man to be here today before

20 you. I'm a proud son of the State of West

21 Virginia. I grew up a stone's throw away from the

22 fields in the south of the state.

23 I'm also a graduate of the United States

24 Military Academy at West Point.

25 During the Iraq war, where I led an
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2 in-between motor platoon with the 4th Infantry

3 Division during the first year of that conflict, I

4 made it back from my combat tour safely with all of

5 my limbs, without major injury to myself, or any

6 sustained casualties amongst the soldiers that I

7 was leading.

8 But my experiences in war have made me

9 understand and care very deeply about our national

10 security, as I still have countless friends

11 fighting overseas, not all of them have made it

12 back like me.

13 Since I got out of the Army a few years ago,

14 I've spent my time very wisely. I worked -- I've

15 worked and lived in Bethlehem just up the road from

16 couple of years for a lighting controls company.

17 I was very involved with the Delaware Valley

18 Green Building Council. And I spent the last few

19 years in Boston in graduate school studying

20 national security, energy, the economy, and the

21 business solutions that I believe are fundamental

22 to solving those problems.

23 It's really deepened my understanding between

24 the links that exist between resource consumption,

25 figuring out how to sustain an environment that can
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2 sustain us, all the while providing a safe

3 international neighborhood for the expansion and

4 promotion of America's ideal of liberty and

5 freedom.

6 So let me be very clear that the connection

7 between oil consumption, climate change and

8 national security is very real.

9 The U.S. consumes nearly a quarter of the

10 oil, but only controls around three percent of the

11 production.

12 The longer the U.S. will remain dependent on

13 fossil fuels, the more we have to engage in tough

14 wars just to protect our energy supplies, all the

15 while putting American lives at continued risks.

16 But this threat isn't one that merely stems

17 from our involvement overseas. In actuality, we

18 have been financing both sides of our current

19 conflicts through our unencumbered consumption of

20 petroleum.

21 Every day our nation spends around

22 $100 million overseas to import oil. While all of

23 that money certainly doesn't go directly into the

24 coffers of our enemies, it supports a global system

25 of petroleum trade underpinning the revenues of
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2 what we learned earlier, 60 percent of the

3 revenues that go into the nation of Iran.

4 This global system of oil trading ultimately

5 benefits most those who are trying to kill us and

6 end our way of life. If we didn't consume so much

7 oil, we wouldn't be hearing about the war with

8 Iran.

9 We wouldn't have to figure out how to

10 implement global sanctions on Iranian commodity

11 trading banks because that heinous regime would be

12 out of money and the people in that country would

13 likely join the Arab Spring in declaring for

14 change on their own.

15 But this also isn't just an academic or

16 economic threat to veterans like me. It is a very

17 deep and profound personal trend.

18 For me, understanding this came on a cold day

19 in December of 2007 as I helped lay to rest in

20 Arlington National Cemetery a West Point classmate

21 and fellow West Virginian, Captain Ben Tiffner.

22 He was killed in Iraq while on patrol by an

23 advanced roadside bomb that was designed, built and

24 financed by the Iranian government that is as we

25 discussed to this day propped up by oil revenues.
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2 But not two months later, nearly four years

3 ago to this very day, I was burying another friend

4 and football teammate at West Point, Captain Tori

5 Malerd.

6 He was killed in a strikingly similar incident

7 by a very similar weapon, again, funded by

8 black-stained petro-dollars.

9 How many more of our bravest young Americans

10 will we lose while we continue to debate and

11 prolong action?

12 It is for all of the other Bens out there, the

13 Toris, their wives and families, that we must today

14 support this proposed new regulations.

15 Troops abroad continue to risk their lives to

16 protect our nation from threats that are caused and

17 propagated by dependence on oil.

18 I believe, as do thousands of other veterans

19 like me, that working together all of us here can

20 also make efforts to protect national security.

21 As a veteran, I thank many in the automobile

22 industry for developing and manufacturing cleaner

23 and more efficient engines and vehicles.

24 America can and will move forward with this

25 important action today, undoubtedly strengthen our
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2 national security, and preserving the lives of

3 great Americans like Tori and Ben.

4 Thank you.

5 MS. OGE: Thank you for your testimony.

6 Thank you for your service.

7 Any questions?

8 I'd like to thank the Panel for taking the

9 time to share your views with us. We really

10 appreciate it.

11 Next Panel.

12 MR. MEDFORD: Reverend Nathan Walker,

13 Jeff Hornstein, Ashland Farren, Sue Edward, Sue

14 Garelik, Bob Carey, good afternoon.

15 MR. HORNSTEIN: Thank you so much for

16 coming to Philadelphia to hold this set of

17 hearings.

18 I'm the executive director of the newly formed

19 Greater Philadelphia Taxi Association.

20 This is the 501(c)(6) trade organization that

21 represents the interest of taxi cab medallion

22 owners, operators, dispatchers, taxi companies, and

23 allied industries here in Philadelphia.

24 We're trying to unite the forward-thinking

25 elements in Philadelphia's taxi industry around a
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2 common goal of improving the industry's function of

3 the vital element in our city's transportation

4 system and hospitality sector.

5 I thank you for this opportunity to testify

6 here.

7 To paraphrase, a taxi industry leader, the

8 Ford Crown Victoria is the workhorse of the taxicab

9 business. That is surely the case here in

10 Philadelphia.

11 There are 1600 medallion taxi cabs in the City

12 of Philadelphia, of which 1,514 or 95 percent are

13 Crown Vics.

14 At the present moment only 15 cars, slightly

15 less than one percent of the fleet, are

16 fuel-efficient hybrids.

17 According to a 2008 study in New York City,

18 Crown Victoria taxi cabs pumps 1.5 thousand

19 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

20 per mile.

21 A typical Philadelphia taxi cab is driven 500

22 to 1,000 miles per week, depending on whether the

23 cab is driven by an individual driver or is part of

24 a fleet.

25 That means that each of the 1,514 Crown Vic
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2 taxis currently in the Philadelphia fleet, spew

3 anywhere from 39,000 to 78,000 pounds of carbon

4 dioxide into the environment per year.

5 The Crown Vic taxis contribute between

6 59 million and 118 million pounds of carbon dioxide

7 to the Philadelphia atmosphere per year.

8 No wonder this Philadelphia is regularly

9 included on the asthma foundation's ten worst list.

10 By contrast, the hybrid vehicle omits 0.4

11 pounds of CO2 per mile. For every hybrid that

12 replaces a Crown Vic or other similar vehicle in

13 the taxi fleet, there are about between 29 and

14 58,000 thousand fewer pounds of CO2 released into

15 the atmosphere per year.

16 In sum, for every one percent conversion in

17 Philly's fleet, we can reduce CO2 emissions by

18 460,000 to 930,000 pounds per year.

19 As if the impact on air pollution were not

20 enough, we should also consider the economic impact

21 of low-efficiency taxi cabs.

22 With average fuel efficiency of 13 miles per

23 gallon in a stop-and-go driving typical of urban

24 taxi cabs, cars like Crown Vic also hurt drivers

25 economically and the local economy as a whole.
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2 Virtually all taxi drivers are independent

3 contractors, and they pay for their own gas, which

4 today ranges from $3.30 to $3.99 per gallon in

5 Philadelphia.

6 The typical Philadelphia taxi cab driver logs

7 about 500 miles a week. Behind the wheel of a

8 Crown Vic, he can expect fuel bills of about $127

9 to $153 a week.

10 Hybrids by contrast gets 46.6 miles per gallon

11 in city driving for a total fuel bill of about $35

12 to $43 per week.

13 In other words, driving a hybrid taxi could

14 save the average Philadelphia cab driver between

15 $84 and $118 per week, putting about $4,000 to

16 $6,000 of additional income in each driver's pocket

17 per year.

18 With the average cab driver in Philadelphia

19 earning about $24,000 per year, according to

20 federal data, shifting to more fuel-efficient

21 vehicles would be a huge income boost for some of

22 the hardest working people in our city.

23 As we know, additional income earned by people

24 in the lower deciles generally goes directly back

25 into local economy, in the form of consumer
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2 spending.

3 So shifting to a fully fuel-efficient taxi

4 fleet translates into millions of dollars and

5 additional local spending and saving.

6 But as everyone in this room knows, it's

7 cheaper today to buy a sturdy lower fuel efficiency

8 vehicle. That is why most taxis are still

9 repurposed Crown Vics and similar vehicles.

10 There's glimmers of change here in

11 Philadelphia with 15 hybrids entering the fleet in

12 the past year purchased mostly by larger medallion

13 owners with the requisite financial capacity.

14 But if the federal government changes

15 standards, the auto market will have to follow

16 suit.

17 President Obama's clean car standards go a

18 long way towards more rapid adoption of

19 fuel-efficient cars for Philadelphia taxi fleet.

20 As we have seen, this should be for both the

21 environment and the economy.

22 Thank you.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you, Mr. Walker.

24 MR. WALKER: Thank you. I'm Reverend

25 Nathan Walker, and I serve the First Unitarian
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2 Church of Philadelphia. I'm also the Vice

3 President of the Unitarian Universalist

4 Pennsylvania Legislative Advocacy Ministry

5 representing 6,000 Unitarian Universalists.

6 I was a lifelong Democrat until last September

7 when President Obama rejected the clean air

8 regulations proposed by the Environmental

9 Protection Agency.

10 I am testifying today about the EPA's proposed

11 fuel efficiency standards with the hope that

12 President Obama will put science before politics

13 and love before fear.

14 The science is clear. U.S. greenhouse gas

15 emissions from transportation are significantly

16 higher than they were in 1990 due to our extreme

17 reliance on oil.

18 For this reason, the proposed fuel efficiency

19 standards are far too weak and are not equal to the

20 international peer countries.

21 The European Union, for example, requires

22 vehicles to meet an estimated combined average

23 emissions level of 209 grams of carbon dioxide per

24 mile as compared to the EPA's proposed 250

25 grams.
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2 I strongly urge the EPA to revise this

3 proposal and recommend U.S. standards that at least

4 parallel international standards demonstrating our

5 commitment to take shared responsibility for being

6 the second largest producer of greenhouse gases in

7 the world.

8 Such a revision could invite President Obama

9 to do what he could have done with the smog

10 standards, to put science before politics.

11 Our policies need not be rooted in the belief

12 that all creation was made for our consumption.

13 For the government to refuse its duty to

14 regulate private industry can severely endanger the

15 health of people and our planet.

16 Just as smog can contribute to asthma and

17 heart disease, so can irresponsible levels of

18 greenhouse emissions significantly contribute to

19 climate change and threaten the interdependent web

20 of existence of which we are a part.

21 It also threatens our economy. By

22 strengthening the greenhouse gas emission

23 standards, we can offset the current $23 billion in

24 gross external damages caused by transportation in

25 the U.S.
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2 I urge the EPA to propose higher standards,

3 and to require President Obama to be vigilant about

4 putting science before politics and love before

5 fear.

6 When we reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we

7 express our love for the earth and all its

8 inhabitants, and we stimulate our economy by

9 providing incentives for technological advances,

10 and in doing so we make comparable advances in our

11 democracy.

12 We are stewards of the earth. And how we

13 govern today will determine our future well-being.

14 May we govern wisely, aware of the ancient

15 proverb that we use at the First Unitarian Church

16 here in Philadelphia, we pick fruit from trees we

17 did not plant, we drink water from wells that we

18 did not dig, and this is as it should be, so long

19 as we dig and plant for those who come after.

20 Thank you.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Ms. Farren.

22 MS. FARREN: Thank you for hearing me

23 speak today. My name is Aislinn Pennicost Farren,

24 and I live and work in Philadelphia. I support the

25 proposal for stronger fuel efficiency standards.
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2 As a member of the millennial generation, my

3 country's relationship to fossil fuels is something

4 that I worry about on a daily basis.

5 In the past few years I've noticed the strange

6 and extreme weather and in my daily life, changes

7 caused by global warming.

8 These changes were already having an effect on

9 our agricultural industry and coastal areas and I

10 see this in prices at the farmer's market. The

11 proposed standards would cut global -- annual

12 global warming pollution by 280 million metric tons

13 by 2030. We definitely need to do that.

14 I also worry about the economy. These

15 standards will create 500,000 new jobs in America,

16 including 21,000 here in Pennsylvania. We really

17 need to do that.

18 And several of my friends from school have

19 fought in wars in the Middle East risking their

20 lives in a region we send hundreds of millions of

21 dollars to every day to sustain our dependency on

22 oil.

23 We need to cut that cost flow. These

24 standards don't seem like enough to me. But they

25 seem like a good start.
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2 I support the proposed standards because I

3 would like to be able to buy a car that saves me

4 money on gas, doesn't depend on risking my friends

5 lives overseas, doesn't contribute to global

6 warming related turmoil in coastal areas, and in

7 agriculture industry and creates jobs for me and my

8 fellow Americans.

9 Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

11 Ms. Edward.

12 MS. EDWARDS: Hello. My name is Sue

13 Edwards. I appreciate the chance to speak to you.

14 I'm afraid that what I have to say is

15 something you've already been hearing all day, but

16 you're very kindly listening to all of us.

17 I'm a Sierra Club volunteer. I recently

18 retired and I'm spending as much time as I can

19 working to protect the planet because to me that's

20 the issue of our age and what that's what I want to

21 -- people say you're going to go traveling now that

22 you're retired, nope, I'm working to stop climate

23 change, so that's the position I'll be speaking

24 from.

25 I've been reading all I can in the past few
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2 years on scientists finding about climate change.

3 It is clear to me that the vast majority of

4 authoritative peer reviewed scientific studies

5 conclude that there is already serious damage being

6 done to fragile balances of nature as humans

7 continue to spew carbon dioxide, methane and other

8 greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

9 I am concerned enough about this that I was

10 one of over 1200 who committed civil disobedience

11 and were arrested at the White House at the end of

12 this past summer to call for rejection of the

13 Keystone XL pipeline that would end up massively

14 increasing the amount of greenhouse gases going

15 into the atmosphere.

16 I applaud President Obama's rejection of that

17 pipeline this week and I hope he sticks with that

18 position.

19 I am very encouraged by the improved fuel

20 efficiency standards that have been proposed, and I

21 urge you to adopt them without loopholes.

22 We need to curb our use of fossil fuels if we

23 are to have a livable planet for our children and

24 grandchildren.

25 I have two sons and hope there may be
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2 grandchildren in my future, though I'm trying not

3 to pressure them, so I have a good stake in doing

4 my part, so they'll have an environment that's

5 livable, not just for cockroaches, but also for

6 humans.

7 I am sure you must be aware of the many

8 predictions that were made in 2007 by the

9 intergovernmental panel on climate change, the

10 IPCC, about the effects of climate change in a wide

11 variety of places on our planet.

12 Devastatingly, a whole litany of these

13 predictions have come about precisely as the IPCC

14 warned. Examples from 2010 include the hottest

15 summer in record -- on record in Russia -- I'm

16 trying to shorten this a little bit -- Pakistan's

17 heaviest monsoon rains on record.

18 Northwest China's flood and landslides which

19 killed at least 1100 people. Iowa's latest

20 thirty-six month period in 127 years of record

21 keeping. And the breaking off of a 100-square mile

22 chunk of ice from the great Peterman Glacier in

23 Greenland.

24 Worldwide temperature readings show that the

25 first half of 2010 was the hottest six months since
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2 record keeping began in the mid 1970 century. 17

3 nations recorded all-time high temperature in 2010

4 more than in any other year.

5 2011 was no better with a summer that was the

6 third hottest on record for the globe as a whole.

7 There was an unprecedented numbers of weather

8 related disasters including droughts in Texas and

9 East Africa.

10 Thailand, Australia, Columbia and Brazil all

11 experienced floods that were either the deadliest

12 or the most costly natural disasters in their

13 histories.

14 The U.S. had major floods, too, but most of

15 our weather-related natural disasters involved

16 tornados and other storms.

17 Iowa and Missouri had heightened tornado

18 activity including the one in Joplin, Missouri that

19 killed 161 people.

20 As a Quaker, my faith holds that, "We

21 recognize that the well-being of the earth is a

22 fundamental spiritual concern. Our planet as a

23 whole, not just the small parts of it in our

24 immediate custody, requires our responsible

25 attention."
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2 I firmly believe that human kind has the

3 intelligence to understand our situation and act

4 swiftly to protect the environment upon which we

5 are dependent. What we need is the courage and

6 political will to act.

7 I urge you to adopt the strongest possible

8 fuel efficiency standards for the sake of the

9 future of human kind. Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Ms. Garelik.

11 MS. GARELIK: Thank you for the

12 opportunity to offer my enthusiastic support for

13 new loophole-free 21st century CAFE standard.

14 This use of regulations of setting stretch

15 goals to encourage innovation and vastly improved

16 energy efficiency reflects the best of government

17 alliance with science and technology with benefits

18 to all of us who breathe air, to our industrial

19 competitiveness and to the planet's future.

20 As one who has always chosen cars based on

21 their efficiency and reliability, I'm thrilled by

22 the new choices this will generate. I bring at

23 least two perspectives to this issue.

24 First, as an avid gardener, I am already

25 seeing the effects of instability in temperature
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2 and precipitation in my own backyard.

3 Deluge, followed by drought, changes in growing

4 season and invasives are happening now as predicted

5 in the models of climate change.

6 By extension, this is a threat to our health

7 that is the entire planet from rapid change is

8 already apparent and has the potential to

9 accelerate becoming much worse in a short time.

10 Second, as a nurse, another nurse testifier,

11 I've struggled with the difficulty of helping

12 patients with chronic diseases in learning how to

13 manage them effectively.

14 The highest hurdle is always denial. Surely

15 that one more candy bar can't matter, the ongoing

16 damage to heart, kidneys, and brain are vivid to them

17 and invisible to them.

18 Our energy policy too closely resembles an

19 obese sedentary diabetic refusing to acknowledge

20 the necessity of major dietary and activity changes

21 to prevent the ravages of this disease.

22 No abstract lecture can penetrate, but if the

23 needed changes can be introduced one at a time, the

24 resulting improvement in how he feels can lead to

25 acceptance of larger reality, disasters averted.
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2 These CAFE standards are only one of many

3 changes in our energy, diet, and activities, so to

4 speak, required to limit the huge energy imbalance

5 we have created by our over dependence on

6 fossil fuel, and our wasteful outdated

7 infrastructure.

8 They have the potential to demonstrate in a

9 vivid and personal way, the advantages of improved

10 technology to not only our air quality and carbon

11 dioxide emission, but the life cycle cost of

12 vehicle ownership.

13 I'm hopeful this model will help pave the way

14 for greater acceptance of the reality of climate

15 change and the ability of intelligent regulation to

16 spur needed innovation.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. Mr. Carey.

19 MR. CAREY: Hi. My name is Bob Carey.

20 I'm here not as a scientist, a researcher, or a

21 writer, or reporter, or any sort of technical

22 background. I'm here as a citizen invited by the

23 Sierra Club.

24 By the way, happy birthday to the Sierra Club.

25 120 years of successfully representing our common
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2 welfare.

3 Our common welfare is a phrase that should be

4 underlined. They've excluded no one in who they

5 represent.

6 Also, thank you for the EPA for hosting this

7 important event. I understand that it's to be

8 carried forward to Congress and it will be

9 recording our public support for it.

10 Also, thank you for providing me, a citizen

11 with no particular background, the opportunity to

12 speak on behalf of people who would not normally be

13 heard, if ever, regarding policy that affects the

14 public welfare, goes before Congress or decisions

15 from the White House.

16 Mainly, those are my children: Avery, six

17 years old, and Vaughn (ph), nine.

18 The three older siblings fortunately have

19 grown healthfully to an age where they're able to

20 articulate and defend their own positions.

21 I will assure you that's a mixed blessing.

22 Surprisingly to me, as I was thinking about being

23 here today, my nine year old asked me from the

24 backseat of the car: Dad, what do you suppose the

25 Urban planners were thinking about when they were
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2 planting the green space for median. My

3 six-year-old said what's green space.

4 I was immediately excluded from the

5 conversation. They were no longer interested in my

6 opinion. I didn't know that they were aware of

7 what an Urban planner was or what green space was.

8 So it changed my focus for today, because I

9 realized that their voices are never chosen to be

10 heard on these topics, but they're the ones that

11 they're going to affect most.

12 So I'm here today primarily as a dad. Since

13 they're already having these conversations, I'm

14 here to represent their concerns, the future is

15 arriving quickly.

16 I'm particularly wary of the possible changes

17 to the new standards which we're applauding here

18 today, being watered down during what's called the

19 midterm review.

20 That's my concern. I do recognize that we are

21 in an election year, a very important election

22 year, that the auto makers had signed this.

23 I thought was a little suspect. It seems like

24 an agreement not to disagree in a very heated time,

25 that we will be able to put off for future, a
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2 possible conflict.

3 And I would like to beg the EPA to stay on top

4 of that, to make sure that those midterm reviews

5 are based on science and towards health.

6 Air quality is not something that specific to

7 any group. As far as I know, being a citizen is

8 not even required. Oxygen is a right that we all

9 have. It's a basic need to biology.

10 We all -- it's a universal right. It should

11 never take second place to politics or money. It's

12 a universal need, and I hope that that's what we

13 keep focused on.

14 I mean, the economy is important and I

15 understand that. It will always be here. We will

16 always be trading, but we can't trade away the

17 future right of our children to clean air. It's

18 basic to their need. It's basic to the survival

19 and their quality of life. I hope we stay on top

20 of that rigidly.

21 Thank you.

22 MR. SILVERMAN: I wanted to just reply

23 very brief, quickly to one thing that Reverend

24 Walker said, which was comparison to the EU

25 standards.
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2 You should understand these are fleet average

3 standards and what that European Union is

4 reflecting is that there are a whole lot more small

5 cars in the European fleet than the domestic fleet.

6 If you put our standards with the same fleet,

7 you'd actually come up with the lower CO2 number

8 than the European Union.

9 So our standards technically are requiring

10 more technology even in the European Union. So

11 what you're seeing there is different fleet

12 composition and not different stringency.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, Panel, very

14 much.

15 MS. OGE: The next Panel, two

16 representatives from Masterman School, I understand

17 that also we have students attending this public

18 hearing.

19 So I'm going to ask Ms. Katherine Breiner and

20 Susan Erlich to come forward.

21 You can bring the students with you or you can

22 stand up and we can recognize them.

23 Welcome.

24 MS. BREINER: Thank you for this

25 opportunity.
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2 Would you guys like to introduce yourselves at

3 the end.

4 MR. HAVEN: I'm Gayle Haven, and I'm a

5 freshman.

6 MR. BALDWIN: I'm Christopher Baldwin,

7 and I am a junior.

8 MR. FRY: I'm Nick Fry, and I'm also a

9 senior.

10 MS. ELWELL: I am Madeline Elwell, and

11 I'm a sophomore.

12 MS. MAHMOUD: I'm Emtithal Mahmoud, and

13 I'm a senior.

14 MS. ERLICH: I'm Susanna Erlich, and I'm

15 a sophomore.

16 MS. BREINER: And I am Katherine Breiner.

17 We represent Masterman High School's Division

18 of the Environmental Club. We call ourselves the

19 environmental consciousness organization, and we

20 just started this year, so this is a new thing for

21 us.

22 Thank you so much for this opportunity to

23 speak. We have been listening to different

24 opinions from people today and we come with our

25 opinions as youth, as students, from Philadelphia.
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2 Masterman is on 17th and Spring Garden.

3 So here's our opinion. As youth here in

4 Philadelphia, we support the green movement.

5 Global warming is just an incredibly huge issue

6 today as you all are aware of more than us.

7 And, you know, car emissions are just a big

8 part of that. Clean air is such an important part

9 of our life here on this planet, and we need to

10 preserve that.

11 These standards are a big step. They're a

12 very significant step, but we believe that we need

13 these -- we need these steps to keep our forward

14 movement in this -- in this initiative to make this

15 planet last.

16 So along with clean air, nonrenewable

17 resources is also, you know, fracking the pipeline,

18 all of these issues are just, you know, booming

19 today, and these standards would help limit the

20 exploitation of these resources.

21 Especially, with the way this -- this planet

22 is heading, we need more green innovation, and the

23 car industry is the good place to start, especially

24 with all these auto makers agreeing to these

25 standards.
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2 It's not too late. They think, that they

3 can -- they're able to do this. And so we should

4 help guide them.

5 Susanna.

6 MS. ERLICH: I'd just like to add that one

7 of the reasons we think these standards are really

8 important is for people who maybe think that, okay,

9 I don't know if I can afford to buy a hybrid, like,

10 I don't even really understand what a hybrid is,

11 instead of having to make that decision.

12 This is what all cars are going to be like.

13 It's not going to be the choice to, like, go out of

14 your way and have to do this. This is just how

15 things are going to be. And it will result in a

16 planet that is better for everyone.

17 And we also think it's important because the

18 United states, obviously, has a lot of influence on

19 the world stage, and we think that setting these

20 standards will set an important precedent for other

21 countries to raise their fuel efficiency standards,

22 and we will support the EPA and government

23 interaction on this issue.

24 MS. BREINER: Lastly, we just want to say

25 that we're not able to vote yet. We are students.
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2 Most of us are under 18. Next election for me.

3 But in 2025, we will have cars. We will be --

4 we will have families. We want -- this is what we

5 want for our future, if we're allowed to say that.

6 We want to have green cars as a part of our

7 daily life. That's what we want to see and we'd

8 like to see the EPA have some more involvement

9 in -- in the daily life of people for such an

10 important issue as this.

11 So thank you so much for your time.

12 MS. OGE: Great. Thank you.

13 Anybody else want to make any comments or

14 statements for the record?

15 MS. SPEAKER: So I feel like my friend

16 has already covered everything.

17 But I've done a lot of research and as part of

18 science it's little things that I do, I've seen the

19 difference when I go home to see Sudan and come back

20 here, and, like, over there, there are a lot of

21 dust storms and a lot of other things that are

22 really threatening to our health, among other

23 things that I'm going to talk about.

24 But it's kind of weird to think about not

25 having air as -- as something that's -- I don't
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2 want to say that I take clean air for granted, I

3 just never had to think about breathing in and out,

4 and whether or not we can still do that later on.

5 And as my friend said we kind of want to keep doing

6 that.

7 MS. BREINER: If I may add, we just

8 finished our midterms today. This is midterm week.

9 And, you know, so all of all of us go through our

10 daily lives, you know, thinking about these issues.

11 But, you know, in a way we are taking

12 advantage of clean air and, you know, so many

13 statistics have shown that, you know, soon -- we

14 need to pay attention to this, because soon, you

15 know what's going to happen.

16 We don't need to say that. So, you know, we

17 need to make this a -- a part of our lives.

18 MS. OGE: Wonderful. Well, thank you.

19 MR. MEDFORD: We were in Detroit on

20 Tuesday to start these hearings, and we had four

21 grandmothers who wrote and sang two songs about

22 these proposals.

23 I think now sort of the other end of the

24 spectrum it's great to see students so involved in

25 the environmental issues. So thank you for having
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2 the courage and taking the time to come today.

3 MS. OGE: You know, we are hearing from

4 250 people today. And clearly, what we're doing

5 here is to have a positive impact hopefully on

6 everybody.

7 It's going to be mostly for all of you and by

8 2025. Hopefully, all of you will be able to own a

9 car.

10 Thank you.

11 MR. MEDFORD: Moving on to our next

12 Panel.

13 MR. MACLEOD: My name is Mark MaCleod

14 with Environmental Defense Fund.

15 On behalf of the Environmental Defense Fund

16 and our more than 700,000 members nationwide, I

17 sincerely thank you for the opportunity to testify

18 today on this landmark proposal to address the

19 extensive climate-disrupting pollution from

20 passenger vehicles, and to provide consumers with

21 nearly double the fuel economy of today's cars and

22 light trucks.

23 As Pulitzer prize winning author Thomas

24 Freedom recently wrote, "this is a big deal." We'll

25 come back to that at the end.
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2 Increasing the efficiency of our passenger

3 fleet is one of the most effective things we can do

4 to reduce our dependence on oil and will likely to

5 be one of President Obama's greatest climate and

6 energy security legacies.

7 The proposed rule will help to provide energy

8 security, economic security, and climate security.

9 With respect to energy security, when combined

10 with the Phase one passenger vehicle standards, the

11 proposed rules on fuel economy and emission standards

12 will cut our oil consumption by over two million

13 barrels a day by more than we import from the

14 entire Persian Gulf today.

15 With respect to economic security, again,

16 combined with the Phase I standards, the proposed

17 rule will provide families with more than $8,000 in

18 fuel savings over the lifetime of the new vehicle

19 by 2025, for a total of $1.7 seven trillion and

20 national fuel savings over the life of the program.

21 With respect to climate security, it is

22 important to note that the combustion of oil in our

23 nation's fleet of light-duty vehicles, accounts for

24 about 20 percent of the total U.S. greenhouse gas

25 emissions.
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2 Together with the model year 2012-2016 clean

3 air, clean car standards that were finalized in

4 2010, the proposed standards will cut heat-trapping

5 carbon dioxide pollution by over six trillion

6 metric tons.

7 Why is that important? Those emission

8 reductions are an important part of a national and

9 global effort to ward off the worst consequences of

10 climate change.

11 The U.S. global change research program has

12 found that climate changes are already affecting

13 water, energy, transportation, agriculture,

14 ecosystems and health.

15 The 2009 assessment predicts that water

16 resources will be further stressed, livestock

17 production will be increasingly challenged, coastal

18 areas will be increasingly threatened, and human

19 health will be impacted due to heat stress,

20 waterborne diseases, poor air quality, extreme

21 weather events, and diseases transmitted by insects

22 and rodents.

23 Here in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania climate

24 impact assessment prepared by the Environment and

25 Natural Resources Institute at Pennsylvania State
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2 University in 2009 for the Pennsylvania Department

3 of the Environment contains similar predictions.

4 It states that climate change will likely

5 cause many changes in Pennsylvania's forests.

6 First, the state will become increasingly

7 unsuitable for many of the tree species that are

8 now present, especially those generally associated

9 with northern hardwood ecosystems.

10 Northern species that many of us are familiar

11 with, such as Paper Birch, Quaking Aspen, and Big

12 Tooth Aspen, and Yellow Birch are projected to be

13 extinct in the state under high emission scenarios

14 and greatly reduced, if not eliminated even under

15 low emissions scenarios.

16 They go on further, existing aquatic

17 ecosystems and fisheries in Pennsylvania are

18 expected to be stressed by projected climate

19 changes.

20 A special concern is the impact of higher

21 temperatures and altered flow regimes on Eastern

22 Brook Trout. Not only because of its status as a

23 recreationally and culturally important species,

24 but because it is an indicator of high water

25 quality and maybe an early victim of dilatory
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2 impacts of climate change.

3 Well, let's take a minute to celebrate

4 success, though. The collaboration that helped

5 develop the proposed rule, demonstrates the best

6 practices of our government.

7 Beginning with two intersecting public policy

8 goals of improving fuel economy, and reducing

9 greenhouse gas emissions, two expert agencies, the

10 Department of Transportation and the Environmental

11 Protection Agency worked with a broad group of

12 stakeholders including auto makers labor and

13 states.

14 The final outcome when this proposal is

15 adopted will be that fuel economy improvements and

16 emission reductions will be achieved in a way that

17 saves American consumers money.

18 One can only wonder what could be possible if

19 we could replicate this collaboration with other

20 sectors.

21 How great would it be if the National

22 Association of Manufacturers would ask the

23 President to set up a similar collaborative effect

24 to address energy efficiency and greenhouse gas

25 emissions and the industrial sector.
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2 Similarly, how much could the nation benefit

3 if the oil industry and the coal industry would

4 also come to the table. The auto industry will

5 know its greenhouse gas commitment through 2025.

6 Imagine how setting a similar pathway for

7 these other sectors could unshackle frozen capital

8 and unleash a new generation of technological

9 development and job creation.

10 If I were the chair of the House Committee on

11 Oversight and Government Reform, I would hold a

12 hearing to honor all of the staff of the DOT and

13 the EPA that worked on this role, and I would thank

14 them for their service to America.

15 I might even suggest that the agencies have

16 their budgets increased so that they could do other

17 good work.

18 Sadly, rather than take that course of action,

19 Chairman Darrell Issa have instead castigated those

20 involved and sent interrogatories to the auto

21 companies that helped produce such a momentous

22 proposal.

23 A far better use of Chairman Issa's time would

24 be for him to encourage the coal, oil, and

25 manufacturing industries to begin a similar
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2 collaboration with the Administration.

3 That would be another big deal. I want to

4 thank you so much for the opportunity to be here.

5 And on behalf of my organization, we really

6 mean thank you. Thank you for your work.

7 MS. KRIGER: I am Linda Kriger. Thank

8 you for listening to all of us come and parade and

9 repeat ourselves, but I hope you get the message

10 that we are very serious about this.

11 The other night my husband and I were at a

12 dinner party with a group of people we didn't know

13 very well.

14 The discussion turned to climate change. The

15 general view at the table was that it was too late;

16 that there was nothing that any of us could do to

17 stem -- literally stem the tide.

18 My husband said what about your grandchildren.

19 That's a low blow, someone answered. That was the

20 end of that conversation.

21 I'm here because I want a cleaner and safer

22 world for my children and our twin granddaughters

23 than we are headed for right now.

24 I don't believe it's too late, and that we

25 can't do anything as individuals. That's why I'm
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2 here.

3 I'm old enough to remember when the EPA was

4 established. It was created with the hope that my

5 generation would not blame our parents and

6 grandparents for the filthy rivers and air

7 pollution clogging and choking our cities and

8 towns.

9 I bought a Toyota Prius -- the Prius seems to

10 take center stage here today -- in 2004, and I've

11 driven one ever since.

12 When my husband asked me to donate my first

13 Prius to one of the kids and offered to buy me

14 another car, I test drove a number of cars.

15 And in the end, I couldn't justify driving any

16 car that got less than 35 miles to the gallon in

17 he city, which was virtually every car I drove.

18

19 It wasn't fair to my pocketbook and it wasn't

20 fair to the environment. But not everyone can

21 afford a new Prius or even a used one.

22 The people with the least money end up driving

23 the most inefficient and expensive cars to gas up

24 because that's all they can afford.

25 Imagine if all the used cars on the road got
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2 50, 60, 70 miles per gallon or better yet including

3 plugged in to the electric socket to run, which

4 will ultimately happen if this regulation moves

5 forward and isn't tampered with.

6 Our dangerous dependence on oil has American

7 families and businesses sending over $1 billion

8 overseas every single day to the Middle East.

9 We haven't changed the essential mechanics of

10 automobiles since the days of Henry Ford.

11 With our technological know-how, that's

12 inexcusable and speaks to our deeply-rooted,

13 stubborn and irrational dependence on oil.

14 With climate change breathing down our necks,

15 or as Tom Freedman calls it, global weirdness, it's

16 completely appropriate to require car companies to

17 use their best minds to help avert the unthinkable.

18 This is where government should and must move

19 in. When year after year our corporations don't

20 respond to a serious national security threat, it

21 becomes clear that the marketplace isn't meeting

22 the challenges we face.

23 The Obama Administration and the EPA should be

24 applauded for their leadership to end our addiction

25 of oil through these standards.
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2 These rules should be kept free of loopholes.

3 We know that the power of lobbyists that chip away

4 at the effectiveness of regulations they believe

5 threaten their bottom line is a true threat to this

6 regulation.

7 I strongly urge that the EPA keep these

8 regulations air tight. Our nation's national

9 security depends on it, and these regulations are

10 long overdue positive first steps.

11 Thank you.

12 MR. MCKERNAN: Good afternoon. Thank you

13 for having me to make a brief statement in support

14 of fuel efficiency standards.

15 I wanted to bring attention to a recent study

16 by the Centera Institute, which found that

17 inflation-adjusted median income for American

18 families has fallen 6.7 percent since

19 the end of the recession, which was in June of 2009

20 through June 2011.

21 That's compared with the drop of only 3.2

22 percent during the recession that lasted

23 from December 2007 to June 2009, which is for a

24 total loss of nearly ten percent of household

25 income.
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2 Raising the fuel efficiency standards is an

3 important long-term way to provide our families

4 with very real savings.

5 Americans want and need fuel-efficient

6 vehicles. I thank the EPA for their efforts in

7 these regards. Thank you.

8 MS. OGE: Ms. Ward.

9 MS. WARD: My name is Carol Ward. I

10 didn't mention it when I applied to speak, but I do

11 represent about 1,000 retired city employees, white

12 collar.

13 We still have a local because we found out

14 that just because you're retired, you can't just

15 sit down and relax, you have to keep active today.

16 There's so many things on the griddle here.

17 And this is one of them, very important thing.

18 I only wish that I had been in the category to

19 buy a Prius myself last year. I bought a Nissan

20 Sentra, and I thought that was good mileage. But

21 what I'm hearing today, we can do better.

22 In my own way, though, I have condensed my

23 driving, and I do all the errands in one place that

24 I can so I try not. But that's just personal

25 things, but it helps a little bit. I'm going to go
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2 into a little more background here.

3 Since watching the movie -- well, first of

4 all, I'm very thankful to the Sierra Club and to

5 the EPA for giving me the opportunity to speak out

6 on my views on this. The President and

7 you have opened up a vista of opportunity.

8 It will be a milestone in the environmental history

9 of this country.

10 It will be a tough fight. And I'm speaking in

11 terms of my own generation. It will be blood,

12 sweat and tears just like Churchill said before

13 World War II, but it's worth it.

14 Since watching the movie by Al Gore, that

15 movie, An Inconvenient Truth, that really brought

16 it home to me when I could see the whole world

17 perspective on global -- and I still call it global

18 warming, not just climate change.

19 There's two seasons in Philadelphia now:

20 Summer and winter. Or is it fall? I mean, it

21 can't make its mind, can it?

22 One day we wear cottons, and the next day we

23 have to pull out our stronger clothes for the

24 weather.

25 I'm extremely concerned because although I
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2 don't have any children or grandchildren, I have

3 great nieces and nephews. I want them to have the

4 opportunities that my generation did to lead a good

5 life.

6 So we produce 25 percent of the world's

7 greenhouse gases. Does anyone remember the cartoon

8 it was in, I think, the New Yorker?

9 It was the world climate conference and all

10 the cars were in the parking lot, these tiny

11 European cars. And then there was the American

12 car, this great big, humungous Cadillac.

13 Well, you know, this is why your standards are

14 so important. We have to do something.

15 The results of our dependence on oil is very

16 clear and the oil spills, I think, are very

17 concerning to everyone in this room, ruining coast

18 lines, fishing, wildlife, and they keep on

19 happening.

20 So I hope that we can reduce some of this

21 dependence and I would be very happy if we could

22 because, from the information I got, we could

23 eliminate the oil that we import from at least two

24 Middle Eastern countries if your standards go

25 through.
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2 Now in my case, as far as affording gasoline,

3 I'm a retiree on a fixed income, a former

4 librarian. So you know I'm not rich. I really

5 budget very carefully.

6 But I did some estimation. I found out I

7 spend about $2,000 a year just on gas. That was

8 with a modest amount of driving.

9 I'm sure many of you spend much more than

10 that. So automobiles today contribute to asthma

11 and COPD.

12 Now, as a former person that had -- former

13 asthmatic. Boy, that is a horrible disease.

14 So if we can cut down on the health problems

15 from these emissions, we will be doing a tremendous

16 favor, because it is as if the person has freedom for

17 the first time in their life if they can get over

18 asthma, for example.

19 Anyway, I hope we can move forward with this.

20 We'll have to be careful about the loopholes and

21 careful about oversized vehicles because I think

22 that's where people -- they want these vehicles,

23 you know, it's great to drive this great big

24 vehicle on the expressway and you feel so powerful.

25 But we've got to make things safer, and less
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 consumptive.

3 Thank you very much.

4 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

5 MR. VANSTONE: Good afternoon. I am

6 William Vanstone, M.D. I'm a doctor, current

7 resident of Philadelphia, having retired in

8 2010 from the Central Offices of the Departmen

9 of Veterans Affairs in Washington.

10

11 One aspect of these proposed standards that I

12 think cannot be emphasized enough is their

13 potential positive impact on smog and air pollution

14 in our cities.

15 I've read that the greatest contribution to

16 urban air pollution is exhaust fumes from

17 automobiles.

18 If less gasoline is burned under stricter

19 standards, there will be less pollution in the air.

20 As a retired physician, I'm aware of the

21 profound negative impact of foul air on persons

22 with lung ailments, having lived through the red

23 days in Washington, DC, when persons with impaired

24 lungs were advised not even to go out of doors.

25
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 I know that this is a clear and present danger

3 to a significant portion of our citizen.

4 Having worked in the Veterans Health

5 Administration, I'm also aware of the many older

6 veterans suffering and dying from chronic

7 obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD.

8 I'm sure they would rally behind any action

9 that EPA or the Obama Administration could do that

10 would cut down on smog, though smoking is

11 considered a major cause of COPD.

12 Once the damage to the lungs is there, ongoing

13 air pollution remains an additional and unnecessary

14 hazard to these and future veterans.

15 The Obama Administration's proposed new global

16 warming and fuel efficiency standard for cars and

17 light trucks in model years 2017 through 2025

18 should spur automobile manufacturers to begin

19 creating cars with improved mileage as soon as

20 possibl, in order to gain experience in

21 preparation for the looming deadlines. We can all

22 breathe better when they do so.

23 Thank you so much for your time.

24 MR. MEDFORD: JoAnn Seaver.

25 MS. SEAVER: I'm JoAnn Seaver, a retired
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1 EPA/NHTSA PUBLIC HEARING

2 educator, Ph.D., from the graduate school of

3 at University of Pennsylvania. And I want to talk

4 about motivation and the importance of setting

5 standards.

6 There seems to be part of our population

7 that's worried about setting regulations and

8 standards, and I'd like to speak up for them

9 because they supply the compelling reason for

10 making the change to clean air.

11 They motivate remediation. There's a category

12 of people who are compelled by a desire and need

13 for cleaner air.

14 This category includes, for example, people or

15 parents of children with asthma or lung disease,

16 people whose livelihood depends on living and

17 working in urban areas.

18 People making a living in agriculture,

19 forestry, fishing or recreation, communities whose

20 lands are threatened by rising sea levels or

21 chronic drought, they have a compelling reason to

22 see some change in our climate for the better.

23 Ironically, those of us in that category find

24 ourselves driving cars or small trucks despite

25 their contribution to pollution.
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2 Our concerns to the effects of pollution is

3 overridden. We are compelled by our sense that

4 driving cars is essential to our daily lives.

5 And what compels car manufacturers? The

6 makers of cars are compelled by the desire and need

7 to be competitive and profitable.

8 Without strong enforced universal standards

9 without loopholes, no company can economically or

10 competitively justify putting time and money into

11 creating fuel-efficient clean cars.

12 Establishing standards for clean cars by 2017

13 through 2025 creates the reason and motivation for

14 all car companies to do what must be done for the

15 health of the living creatures on this planet.

16 Setting clean car standards is the first and

17 essential step. When a standard is set for all car

18 manufacturers to comply with, there's a fair

19 playing field. There is a requirement that defines

20 the task.

21 The car companies can then turn their

22 attention to meeting the goal in the time frame

23 set. They can focus on finding the solution to a

24 defined problem knowing that their competitors face

25 the same requirements.
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2 By putting in place strong standards and

3 enforcement with no loopholes affecting all car

4 makers, a car company can focus its attention, time

5 and resources without fear of competitive

6 disadvantage.

7 The standards supply the compelling reason to

8 make the change that previously has been lacking.

9 As far as drivers, we'll drive whatever is put in

10 front of us.

11 And I thank you for the time that you spend

12 thinking about these standards, working on them,

13 and I hope that you will support us.

14 MR. MEDFORD: Thank all of you very much.

15 We appreciate your testimony.

16 - - -

17 (Whereupon, the Court

18 Reporter was excused at 5:00 p.m.)

19 - - -

20

21

22

23

24

25
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1 C E R T I F I C A T E

2

3 I, Jennifer Miller, a Certified

4 Shorthand Reporter and Notary Public,

5 within and for the Commonwealth of

6 Pennsylvania, do hereby certify that the

7 hearing hereinbefore set forth was duly

8 taken by me and that such hearing is a true

9 record of the testimony given by such

10 witnesses.

11 I further certify that I am not

12 related to any of the parties to this

13 hearing by blood or marriage and that I am

14 in no way interested in the outcome of this

15 hearing.

16

17

18 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto

19 set my hand this _____ day of

20 ______________, 2012.

21

22

23

24 _______________________________

 JENNIFER MILLER, COURT REPORTER

25
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$

$1 247:24 294:7

$1.7 287:19

$10 82:7

$100 146:11

258:22

$118 264:15

$12 68:12

$125 51:23

$127 264:8

$153 264:9

$176 225:5

$2,000 13:18 41:11

176:4 177:23

241:14 299:7

$2000 41:18

$22 225:3

$23 267:23

$24,000 264:19

$260 118:17 217:9

$27 246:18

$3,100 241:15

$3,500 52:7

$3.30 264:4

$3.37 75:9

$3.46 75:9

$3.6 222:17

$3.99 264:4

$311 38:5

$330 75:15

$347 38:3

$35 264:11

$358 224:10

$4,000 264:15

$4,400 176:6

$421 38:5 224:8

$43 264:12

$44 223:8

$444 38:3

$45 75:11 119:3

248:22

$5 82:7

$5,200 248:20

$535 217:6

$6,000 176:5 242:2

264:16

$6,600 13:20

248:20

$6.16 225:5

$7500 44:11

$8,000 287:17

$80 127:14

$84 264:15

$900 77:5 223:6

$991 248:23

0

0.4 263:10

1

1 3:8

1,000 262:22

296:11

1,430 101:8

1,514 262:12,25

1.5 106:9 127:11

216:13 262:18

1.6 178:16

1.7 127:7 162:10

216:10 248:8

10 251:4 253:22

10:00 1:21 12:4

100 190:20

100-square 272:21

101 5:9

108 5:11

11 170:14 172:15

184:2

1100 272:19

115 5:13

118 263:6

12 61:4,18 110:6

147:13 200:12

120 5:15 80:16

276:25

1200 271:10

1234yf 207:11,22

208:11,16 209:2

210:5

124 5:17

127 272:20

129 5:19

12-year-old 211:7

13 14:15 58:9

60:14 249:5

263:22

134 5:21

134A 208:18,22

209:3

138 6:5

13th 15:16 18:3

14 3:9 148:2 186:2

222:24

14,000 140:24

144 6:7

145 6:9

149 6:11

15 54:14 73:17

103:3 109:2

134:21 249:6

262:14 265:11

150,000 127:15

1500 59:9

156 6:13

157 6:15

16 44:3 61:4,6,18

253:20

160 6:17

1600 262:11

161 273:19

163 6:19 13:9

39:19 58:7

109:23 126:5

165 36:23

16th 17:6

17 217:5 273:2

173 7:4

175 7:6

17th 246:20 282:2

18 44:4 156:24

284:2

180 7:8

1800 1:20

182nd 85:22

183 7:10

187 7:12

188 7:14

19 1:6,21 3:11 12:3

115:19

1903 32:25

19103,commencin

g 1:21

193 7:16

1967 129:7

1970 273:2

1974 172:20

1975 128:9 132:22

1979 221:21

242:23

1980 157:12

1981 157:13

1982 127:2

1990 37:15 266:16

1994 222:3

1999 242:23

2

2 4:5

20 103:4 117:19

146:18 157:2,9

172:14 173:11

188:24 200:11

208:12 248:10
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250:24 287:24

2000 77:18

2001 63:19

2002 142:15

222:22

2003 229:3

230:7,10

2004 89:10,12

211:23 227:5

293:10

2005 64:5 131:7

148:5 156:3,5

222:17

2006 170:23

2007 37:13,20

170:23 259:19

272:8 295:23

2008 147:13 167:8

203:6 218:5

222:11 262:17

2009 57:24 193:16

224:8 225:3

288:15 289:2

295:19,23

2010 14:4 22:3

27:14 31:12

37:10 70:9

117:23 125:17

146:14 216:16

222:14 223:24

251:13

272:14,25 273:3

288:4 300:8

2011 22:2 27:6

37:12 65:7,12,20

67:12,24 118:14

150:7 229:7

246:15 273:5

295:20

2012 1:6,21 12:3

14:2 22:25 25:20

35:2,7 42:8

57:25 61:6 67:25

78:7 109:25

156:6 216:17

219:24 305:20

2012-2016 288:2

2013 31:16,17

2014 148:2

2015 43:15 45:16

48:7,8 106:24

2016 14:3 21:17

22:25 25:21

30:17 35:3,7

37:12 48:5 57:25

78:8 110:2

206:23 210:17

219:24

2017 13:7,16 17:3

25:18 39:10,14

54:8,18 58:2,20

61:2,11 63:7

70:17 72:25

79:19 94:24

98:23 109:21

119:8 126:7

137:7,17,18

165:8 167:19

192:14 214:24

216:2 219:18

244:22 245:12

248:6 301:17

303:12

2017-25 241:2

243:13

2018 107:21

2019 207:21

2021 39:14 70:17

71:7 72:25

2022 34:3,12 39:25

73:10

2025 13:7,16,19,24

22:4 24:9 25:18

29:3 31:21 33:10

34:3,12 39:11,25

41:15,21 42:11

48:10 54:18

58:3,8 61:2,11

63:7 66:7 70:20

71:7,15 73:10

79:19 94:24

106:14 107:7

109:21 110:5

118:13 119:8

126:6,8 148:14

165:8 166:21

167:19 175:14

186:16 192:15

214:24 216:2,18

219:18,23 220:7

242:8 244:22

248:6,18 284:3

286:8 287:19

291:5 301:17

303:13

2030 27:13

75:10,20 83:24

118:23 127:10

156:24 193:4

216:5,11,13,20

217:6,9,25 224:2

248:21 269:13

2040 81:24

2050 148:6

206 7:18

209 266:23

209-year-old 99:3

20-minute

180:13,14

20th 49:19

21 41:3 89:18

21,000 193:13

224:4 269:16

21,300 249:10

215 7:20

21st 274:13

22 39:15 41:3

70:20 146:21

154:4

220 7:22

223 7:24

225,000 66:6

228 8:3

23 75:19 118:24

193:5 246:22

231 8:5

232 8:7

236 8:9

24 193:16 255:2

24,000 111:2

240 44:16

243 8:11

248 9:4

24th 15:13

25 39:16 128:10

154:11 217:5

246:22 298:6

250 12:17 266:24

286:4

255 9:6

25-percent 221:24

26 3:13 84:2

262 9:8

265 9:10

269 9:12

27 132:24

273 9:14

278 9:16

28 89:16 127:8

280 29:2 75:18

119:2 224:25

269:12

284 9:18

29 83:25 117:11

171:18,20

263:13

290 9:20 216:4

292 9:22

297 9:24

3

3 5:4 6:4 83:20

106:8 138:18

3,000 45:14

3.2 295:21

30 19:2 27:6 31:21

96:20 103:3

131:10 146:2

147:22 157:11
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172:24

173:11,18,25

174:11 177:18

196:19 208:12

300 58:23 232:6

305 10:4

30-day 174:4

30-percent 48:8

30-something

195:11

30th 15:18

31 37:13 58:24

310 10:6

313 10:8

315 10:10

31st 17:25

320 10:12

323 10:14

327 11:4

331 11:6

335 11:10

34 3:15 179:9

341 11:12

345 11:14

346 11:16

35 63:20 65:10

293:16

35.5 21:16

350,000 214:21

351 11:18

353 11:20

36 169:15

37.5 216:19

38 84:2 179:10

39,000 263:3

4

4 3:4 7:3 224:3

4,000 48:3

4,400 13:21

4.3 146:13

40 21:21,25 31:10

65:3 131:2

133:21 157:22

158:3 177:18

40,000 111:13

400 170:15

41 3:17

42 94:2

43,000 26:23

193:10

45 65:5 195:10

46 3:19

46.6 264:10

460,000 263:18

47 89:21 118:17

48 89:16

480,000 223:25

484,000 26:23

249:11

49 3:21

4th 257:2

5

5 8:2

5,000 235:19

5:00 12:4 304:18

50 22:3,7 36:22

48:4,6 154:21

172:25 190:20

232:16 242:20

294:2

50,000 205:20

500 59:6 232:3

262:21 264:7

500,000 57:10

217:24 269:15

501(c)(6 261:20

53 188:13

54 4:6 132:17

175:13 230:25

54.5 13:10 39:20

40:3,15 48:9,23

66:7,10 107:6

109:21 186:17

192:15 201:8

226:10 227:24

540,000 45:17

55 154:6 166:21

246:21

56 4:8

58,000 263:14

59 4:10 89:17

186:9 263:6

6

6 9:3

6,000 266:5

6.7 295:18

60 37:18 186:15

224:20 227:14

231:2 232:16

259:2 294:2

6-0 227:16

600 251:3

600-mega 216:7

60-mile 89:4

62 216:6

64 139:22

65 4:12 231:2

7

7 10:3

70 294:2

700 77:6

700,000 286:16

70th 169:22

71 65:11 186:18

72 4:14 29:4

159:18

73 186:20

75 118:15

78,000 263:3

79 4:16

8

8 11:3

8,662 249:5

80 165:10 166:20

230:8

81 4:18

83 148:5

85 4:20

87 54:16 186:4

187:6

9

9 3:5 11:9

9:30 18:5

90 12:22 14:16

95:12 126:21

131:12 199:20

200:20 207:20

90,000 230:9

90s 178:25

93 5:5 166:18

930,000 263:18

94 37:21

95 5:7 262:12

99 199:18 246:16

99.7 101:6 208:17

A

a.m 1:21 12:4

A10s 226:18

Abdullah 146:16

abide 183:8

ability 56:22 57:8

82:20 94:20

114:21 135:14

158:10 209:2

276:15

able 93:6 97:6

120:14 158:14

159:10 168:2

174:5 190:8

191:17

196:10,12,14
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197:11,13,16

198:20 204:23

205:2,5 230:2

270:3 277:19

278:25 283:3,25

286:8

abroad 256:9

260:15

absent 97:25

105:10

absolutely 116:17

132:16 256:3

abstract 275:22

abundance 113:22

114:4,13

abysmal 196:17

AC

206:14,16,17,22

207:16

208:10,20

210:4,16

academic 259:15

Academy 222:22

226:6 256:24

accelerate 90:9

94:11 103:7

206:23 275:9

accelerated 207:10

accelerating

105:25

Accent 21:19 65:5

accept 79:8 165:16

acceptance 24:11

36:5 54:20 59:24

60:9 62:11

107:15 122:10

135:10 176:24

275:25 276:14

accepted 157:20

access 164:11

accidental 38:17

accidents 242:21

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61:8

accommodation

72:17

accomplish 44:25

82:14 191:17

accomplished

83:10

according 83:23

106:10 146:12

166:18 217:3

262:17 264:19

Accordingly 40:17

account 22:2 71:6

72:22 73:22

119:16 236:21

accounted 22:16

accounting 73:6

75:13

accounts 215:21

248:10 287:23

accumulated

246:17

accuracy 33:9

accurate 241:24

accurately 24:9

128:22

achievable 54:2

75:23 78:16

144:17

achieve 21:20 31:9

54:25 65:2 69:22

71:21 82:20

96:10 107:5

118:4 132:17

210:6 242:16

achieved 40:19

41:21 58:9 71:13

95:8 156:25

290:16

achievement 40:6

67:9

achievements 81:7

achieves 58:23

65:9 82:13 83:8

achieving 66:10,17

169:2

acknowledge 33:2

35:8 207:15

275:19

acknowledged

35:4 62:8 66:23

acknowledges

181:18

acquisition 97:18

acre 103:17,18

across 36:23 38:23

47:2 77:25 81:14

90:14,21 108:13

113:3 148:21

168:23 187:17

246:14

249:11,15

255:24

act 97:8 98:6

182:24 199:14

274:3,6

action 15:20 75:4

81:16 146:24

186:7 193:10

219:25 221:14

227:7 245:8

247:5,12

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actions 37:8 58:19

62:4 63:16

192:16 213:23

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256:15

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296:15

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275:20

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136:3

actuality 258:17

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36:5 51:3 91:22

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204:23

229:2,17,22

231:4 242:5

244:9 247:11

280:7

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145:19,21

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41:11 65:8 134:3

151:19 177:20

193:2,10 210:4

283:6 285:7

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252:14

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123:3 144:6

183:11 201:10

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256:2 294:24

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adding 77:5,9

219:10

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17:15 31:11

39:23 40:20

41:2,19 72:10

127:16 140:12

150:14 169:2

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additional 15:19

24:18 25:23

39:4,6 41:17

61:15 95:18

138:24 150:13

176:3,4 208:14

217:7 249:10

264:16,23 265:5

301:13

Additionally 68:8
Capital Reporting Company

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137:22

address 23:12

50:24 57:23 61:3

72:12 74:10

77:13 95:11

99:12,13 115:16

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211:19,20,24

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290:24

addressed 119:24

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181:13,23

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240:5

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administration's

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141:12

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222:5 227:24

228:16 250:23

271:21 274:7

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37:10 91:13

157:20 162:18

183:4 290:15

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208:19

222:14,20

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172:9

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121:18

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Affairs 20:25

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59:16

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270:14

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139:22 140:3

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130:8 139:7,9

140:19

143:10,11

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163:23

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188:4 189:24,25

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67:20 116:18

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22:5,8,22 23:3

29:25 34:25

35:14,17,23

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58:2 61:18 62:17

63:9 66:23 69:17

83:24 90:14

99:18 105:2,13

108:3,16 110:16

120:10

134:18,23
Capital Reporting Company

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135:12 137:16

138:17 139:5

141:10 215:5,9

217:23 218:18

219:16 241:4

290:9 291:15

agency 12:13

16:14 17:7,10

23:7,18 47:16

78:11 80:15,24

92:7 99:24 100:8

104:11 109:7

112:8 125:11

134:8 220:4

225:24 266:9

290:11

agency's 101:23

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76:25 96:14

144:19 151:11

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77:3 79:12 80:16

114:12 115:15

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159:18 190:7

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255:6 257:13

260:3

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190:14 278:24

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agriculture 99:7

182:4,8 270:7

288:13 302:18

ahead 89:25

229:15

ailments 300:22

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air 3:16 6:6 9:19

12:12 29:3 30:19

36:20,21 48:4

57:4 69:14,16

76:10 80:13,21

81:8,15

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86:10 105:3

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125:4 126:25

130:2 134:9

139:23,24 140:9

152:14,16,20

153:22 154:17

156:10 159:6

160:4 161:15,19

162:2,12 163:19

182:24 189:2,8

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215:2 218:14

220:17 226:19

234:2,22 236:22

237:9 245:3

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263:19 266:7

274:18 276:10

279:6,17

282:8,16 284:25

285:2,12

288:3,20 293:6

295:8

300:13,16,19,21

301:13

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136:11 205:25

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268:23

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aldehydes 81:12

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Alexandria 4:13

62:25 63:13,18

64:11 69:3

align 32:13

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108:22,23

109:19 111:25

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261:23

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150:12 155:5

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102:18

103:16,21

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already 18:18

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111:9 113:12

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131:5,6,22 142:4

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270:15 271:5

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278:13 284:16

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44:9 208:2

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49:5 70:3 73:16

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180:22

182:9,24,25

188:6,13

192:10,21 198:8

212:16 213:14

231:22 232:11

235:9 247:16

256:19 266:10
Capital Reporting Company

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271:9,19 272:7

274:24

281:7,10,16

292:7 300:5

305:11,13

amazing 185:10

203:8

ambient 80:21

81:15 82:24

83:15

ambitious 47:25

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48:25 66:5 76:21

77:2,5,9 78:15

87:12 104:24

110:12 117:9,10

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245:10,15 247:4

250:24 252:13

260:24 269:15

291:14

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26:21 32:20

33:25 49:8 53:24

67:25 75:11

80:8,23 82:8

83:16 84:11

87:23 109:16

110:20

111:10,21

112:13,16 113:8

119:2 127:23

140:12 158:4

186:19 201:10

215:25

218:4,6,14

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290:17 294:6

295:17 298:11

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76:6 89:22 112:3

118:14,17

127:15 130:19

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192:23 217:14

246:4 249:20

260:9 261:3

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215:19

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109:11

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226:24 247:18

250:6,12 251:21

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156:9 200:9

207:17,18

213:24 216:20

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ample 167:25

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169:20 215:7

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35:2,14 93:12

94:14,17 98:9

99:24 118:12,21

216:2 217:4

223:23 225:6

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114:9 268:14

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253:15

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160:3

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14:20

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75:14,17 118:25

186:22 193:4

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165:11

answer 88:3 98:13

175:9 200:3

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211:12

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anymore 91:17

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112:14 120:10

157:10 158:9,14

160:20 183:17

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240:16 271:16

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278:17

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77:25 78:2

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58:11 63:5,8

79:23 87:4,13

100:8 165:5

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appreciated

175:20

appreciates 23:10

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approach 40:5

62:6 74:3 90:2,5
Capital Reporting Company

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99:18 100:17

107:22 133:24

136:19 137:23

138:9 209:12,20

210:16 211:24

approaches

209:23

approaching

199:4

appropriate 35:22

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appropriateness

34:7

approval 39:24

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13:23 37:21

111:2 127:7

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193:5,10,11

232:6 242:2

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289:16

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Arcadia 150:21

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24:3 56:9 80:11

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116:10 119:14

157:8 182:20

195:2 251:8

269:9 270:6

288:18 302:17

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249:23,24 250:3

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253:3,6

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207:4

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Arlington 259:20

Armageddon

199:4

Army 47:15 48:3

257:13

arrangements

19:6

arrested 195:23

271:11

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278:15

arrogant 114:21

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112:22 149:18

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articulate 277:20

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67:9 300:11

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36:13 61:24

78:22 99:21

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60:16 110:17

288:15,24

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assimilate 199:7

assist 20:18 54:12

97:21 209:11

Assistant 36:24

Associate 117:8

220:13 239:15

associated 28:21

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assume 20:4

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assurance 41:20

assure 98:2 209:12

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161:5 162:22

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athletes 161:22

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atmosphere

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263:7,15

271:8,15

attack 226:23

227:5 254:14

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171:9 227:4,11

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280:17

attention 27:16

62:19 84:25

104:18 114:22

119:15 215:10

273:25 285:14

295:15 303:22

304:4

attitudes 91:2

attorney 16:24

63:24

attribute 176:11

attribute-based

90:5

attributes 32:12

audience 172:20

audit 202:21

augment 171:24

aunt 188:7,23

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author 286:23

authoritative

271:4

authority 108:5

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

21:14,22 26:24

33:25 41:4

64:7,22 67:2

68:23 71:8 72:25

76:24 77:15 78:9

79:13 88:5

89:11,25 90:3

91:4,6,14,16,21

99:19

100:10,16,19

101:5,10,21

107:2 110:15

111:6,13

112:2,11 118:11

121:15 125:2

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129:15,22

132:22 134:20

138:12 143:14

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178:7 180:24

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219:2 220:24

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223:15,19

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239:24 245:22

249:7 251:14,21

265:15 278:22

282:24 290:12

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133:15,16,22

137:22

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241:11

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247:15 255:20

260:21 301:18

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190:19 191:6

222:9 241:15

294:10 299:10

300:17

automotive 38:24

66:11 92:19

98:19 99:14

104:15 111:19

112:12 126:15

automotiverelated 133:18

AVAB's 226:18

availability 33:5

59:15 95:12

135:8 166:22

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101:2 135:13

193:7 196:22,24

209:25 233:21

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average 13:18,20

17:5 21:7

39:9,13,18,20

41:5,11 43:24

58:7 70:16

75:8,9 81:4

98:25 107:6

118:12 126:5

128:10 177:22

192:15

200:10,12

217:11 248:20

263:22

264:14,18

266:22 280:2

avert 294:17

averted 275:25

Avery 277:16

aviation 48:5

avid 274:24

avoid 33:24

150:12 222:21

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aware 113:16

115:15 204:12

213:18 237:8

268:14 272:7

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300:20 301:5

awareness 112:3

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B-A-B-E-T-T-E

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backdrop 67:20

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276:22 277:11

297:2

backs 62:12

backseat 277:24

backslide 61:9

backsliding

209:5,9

backyard 275:2

bacteria 131:15

bad 129:16 228:11

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badly 111:2

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balance 67:9,11

balances 271:6

Baldwin 281:6

balls 27:20

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bankable 101:24

banking 22:14

135:22

banks 259:11

bar 175:13

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bare 114:6

barrel 51:22

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base 136:17

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134:19 172:2,12

194:23 202:17

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basic 279:9,18

basically 176:2

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131:9,13,18,19,2

4

batteries 102:24

103:9 156:19

171:14 229:16

230:5 231:12

battery 71:4

102:21

103:2,3,4,6,8

111:16
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

229:13,15,17,20,

23 230:18

battle 149:9

battlefield 149:8

Bay 157:24,25

bean 179:19

beans 103:16

bear 116:19

bearing 250:13

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beauty 236:13,17

become 55:19

115:20 137:11

142:19 186:12

197:10 201:24

247:14 289:6

becomes 173:4

177:21 294:21

becoming 275:9

beef 230:17 231:14

beep 18:14

beg 279:3

begin

20:2,14,19,22

42:9 46:5 133:4

145:3 291:25

301:18

beginning 54:8

117:2 137:7

167:17 233:11

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begun 25:24 58:21

behalf 16:14 25:8

37:3 69:13 77:10

98:21 113:21

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235:21 255:23

277:12 286:15

292:5

behavior 63:17

88:18 95:9 96:3

121:14

behaviors 91:3

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122:9 157:16

178:19 211:18

213:6 256:14

264:7 301:8

behoove 155:21

beings 113:25

115:11

belief 267:11

beliefs 236:4

believe 22:9 24:7

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60:4 61:2 65:13

86:4 87:14 88:3

90:24 91:22

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232:15 233:24

234:4 246:23

255:25 256:5

257:21 260:18

274:2 282:12

292:24 295:4

believes 22:18

256:14

belong 238:5,12

below-GWP

209:10

belts 44:5

Ben 259:21 261:3

beneficial 88:7

224:19

benefit 28:18 38:4

44:23 45:5,21

70:4 87:2,23

120:20 137:4

159:24 160:2,24

192:25 223:20

224:7 291:2

benefits 22:16

28:13 29:23

37:23 38:6 57:21

69:23 72:7 73:4

75:24 82:3 87:14

100:7 110:25

119:13,25 120:8

123:15 125:4

134:6 135:17

136:3 163:13

207:25 208:15

215:13 216:23

218:17 219:14

220:24,25

221:20

224:11,14,16

240:20 244:16

248:16 259:5

274:17

Bennett 253:16

Bens 260:12

benzene 81:23

best 58:24 63:2

93:24 100:11

112:16 128:11

167:14 168:6

209:25 212:22

274:16 290:5

294:17

Bethlehem 257:15

better 26:19 54:12

97:25 105:22

119:6 147:11

152:19 158:17

166:14 175:15

177:18 180:11

185:18 187:18

193:2 209:22

217:8 218:2

233:6,12 235:4

253:3 273:5

283:16 291:23

294:2 296:21

301:22 302:22

beyond 25:7 26:13

30:16 31:19

51:22 68:25

75:16 107:14

206:22 210:17

252:20

Bible 113:16

bicycle 202:19

biggest 28:23

76:4,13 117:16

144:15 178:14

185:6 199:3

245:15

bike 56:22 161:18

189:6,9 201:18

biked 161:22

bikes 161:17

bill 5:9 92:18

153:22 264:11

billion 13:14 37:25

38:2,3,5 47:21

48:13,18,21

68:12 75:11,19

77:24 82:7

110:6,8 118:24

119:3 127:7

146:13 148:14

162:10 172:14

174:4 193:5

216:10 217:6,9

222:17 223:8

224:8,10 225:5

233:7 246:18

247:25

248:3,4,8,22

267:23 294:7

billions 87:18

141:17 163:2

251:18

bills 264:8

bin 203:16

binding 174:7

bio 103:20

biobutanol 104:8

biofuel 104:2,7

biofuels 48:5

103:18 104:9

biologist 130:10

biology 279:9
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

biomechanical

211:3

Birch 289:11,12

birthday 169:22

276:24

bit 53:3 63:13

130:18 170:9

197:2 202:18

205:4 252:7

253:11 256:12

272:16 296:25

blacker 129:11

black-stained

260:8

Blakely 6:13

139:7,9,10

blame 293:5

blanket 140:8

blessing 277:21

blessings 143:8

blink 52:10

block 52:12

244:12

blog 51:20

blood 297:11

305:13

Bloom 253:15

blow 292:19

blowing 205:23

blown 189:3,4

blue 5:16 159:19

203:16

BlueGreen

108:22,23

109:19 111:25

BMW 4:19

76:21,22

77:5,7,10,14,18

79:16

board 25:4 30:20

64:5 105:3 134:9

148:21

149:20,23

170:5,15,18

172:9 215:3

249:15

boat 227:4

Bob 8:3 10:14

198:4,7 261:14

276:19

bodies 115:25

body 177:11

bold 186:25

187:20

bomb 259:23

bone-chilling

25:22

booming 282:18

boon 217:2

boost 26:22 187:12

264:21

boosted 66:3

boosts 47:20

border 153:3

born 188:10

borne 217:15

Boston 151:5

257:19

bottom 98:4

184:18 187:12

295:5

bought 93:8

142:14 229:4

293:9 296:19

Boy 299:13

BP 114:14

brag 170:16

brain 275:16

brand 64:19

Brandon 256:11

bravest 260:9

Brazil 273:10

break 55:22

180:13,14 228:4

231:2,6,9

breaking

102:18,20

272:21

breaks 18:23 19:8

breath 188:17

breathe 80:13

86:10 140:9

152:22 156:10

188:17 247:20

274:18 301:22

breathes 125:3

breathing 129:18

285:3 294:14

Breiner 11:4

280:19,24

281:16 283:24

285:7

Brendan 9:8

214:18 226:5

Brian 7:24 194:16

brief 58:12 207:4

279:23 295:13

briefly 88:14

254:2

Bright 5:15

108:18,20,21

bring 19:19 41:24

63:13 114:6

119:4 120:10

141:8 173:25

185:14 198:9

208:2 211:2

228:6 249:20

274:22 280:21

295:15

bringing 104:2

111:9 115:3

141:10 170:10

brings 134:15

209:3

brink 200:7

broad 32:9 37:7

59:25 88:14

99:12,13 290:11

broader 80:18

223:21

bronchitis 153:14

Brook 132:2

289:22

brought 29:16

115:21 116:19

131:20 172:16

226:22 297:15

brown 159:16,19

Brune 25:12

Bryan 8:11 210:20

Bryn 239:15

BU 51:11

Buckenthal 227:6

Buddhism 236:3

budget 51:15

150:7 222:11

299:5

budgets 291:16

buffering 38:19

Buick 92:21 93:23

build 25:19 37:9

61:18

78:3,9,14,20

105:20 109:24

128:5,16,24

134:13 167:12

180:8 232:8

233:20

building 14:6

42:22 46:10

146:9 179:15

230:20 257:18

buildings 99:8

builds 13:25 69:21

74:12

buildup 82:23

built 43:10 62:7

93:7 207:21

229:16 259:23

bulbs 203:21,22

bulk 74:3

bullet 132:10

burden 75:5
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

250:13,16

burdened 163:3

burdens 187:4

burdensome

100:15 223:19

burn 226:19

burned 300:18

burning 148:18

155:11 199:5

213:18

burying 260:3

buses 43:18

142:13

Bush 55:20

busiest 118:10

business 43:3 64:3

93:25 98:20

100:11 101:4

103:15 121:16

184:17,21

185:9,18

186:4,5,10,11,24

187:2,3,6,10,14

191:14 194:20

196:15 198:9

205:14,15

206:20 209:17

225:9 257:21

262:9

businesses 184:2,5

185:15,22,25

187:19 196:11

294:7

busy 16:16

buy 59:13 60:6,12

78:20 79:7 88:4

90:25 93:6,20

121:18 153:7

165:11 166:23

167:10 177:4

179:5 191:9

195:25 196:18

205:2 265:7

270:3 283:9

293:13 296:19

buying 13:19

60:5,10 89:8

95:9 141:5 155:7

167:7 252:11

buzzer 42:2

C

cab 261:21

262:21,23

264:6,14,18

cabs 262:11,18

263:21,24

Cadillac 298:12

cafe 50:6 63:11

69:21 74:13,25

128:9 154:5

156:8 167:19

168:22 183:25

184:13 222:23

223:13 224:2

240:3 274:13

276:2

calculate 73:16

calculating 221:24

calculations 82:16

97:9

California 14:9,15

29:12 30:19

78:12 79:24

105:3 134:9

171:19,21,25

215:2 229:2

230:10

California's 29:8,9

campaign 25:6

47:4 122:15

130:12

campaigns 25:6

camped 130:14

Camry 179:8,10

Canadian 198:18

cancer 152:10

159:7 182:11

188:23,24

247:10

candy 275:15

cap 23:4,5,8 50:21

73:8

capabilities 34:23

35:10,13

capacity 64:11

99:11 190:18

210:12 265:13

capita 155:25

200:10 201:9

capital 291:7

capitalize 127:18

caps 190:25

Captain 259:21

260:4

captured 61:21

capturing 61:16

car 26:21 34:22

43:25 44:2,4

52:6 54:5,22

55:3 68:2 72:5

75:2 86:3,23

111:22 118:12

124:21

142:7,15,16,17,2

0 157:16,18

161:8 164:8,9,10

167:7 179:16

183:22,24,25

185:14 186:19

195:11,15,17,18,

21

196:2,9,18,20,23

197:2

201:18,20,21

204:18 205:4

217:2,10 219:6

229:9

230:4,13,19,22,2

3,25 231:25

232:17 265:17

270:3 277:24

282:7,23 286:9

288:3

293:14,16,17

294:16 298:12

303:5,14,16,17,2

1 304:3,4

CARB 23:21

carbon 29:3 37:20

39:18 44:18

45:21 50:22 58:8

70:16 79:9

81:11,19 99:22

100:5,20 104:17

118:16,25 119:9

120:12 126:5

127:9 132:11

136:20 141:24

150:24 161:9

162:10 182:9,18

183:9 212:7

221:10,13 225:2

248:9,11

250:2,20,25

251:3,4,20

262:19 263:3,6

266:23 271:7

276:10 288:5

cardiovascular

182:12

cards 20:17

care 153:17

161:23 163:3

164:13,14

182:18 192:11

232:12 233:15

234:10 237:2

238:4 250:4

254:11 257:9

cared 253:19

career 56:17

careful 299:20,21

carefully 128:2,14

176:17 299:5

Carey 10:14

261:14

276:18,19

cargo-carrying

23:18

Carol 11:16 296:9

Carolina 76:22

77:4

carried 277:8
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

carry 72:8

carrying 35:9

cars 14:22 28:16

29:10,11 39:9

43:18 48:9 50:14

54:11,20 70:18

89:16,20 90:7

91:8 94:4 102:19

111:7 117:18

119:5 120:4,7

125:15 126:7

130:17 132:18

133:2 136:24

140:5 142:23

143:23 146:5

148:7 154:6

155:25 156:5,19

162:2,7,17,24

163:5 164:11

166:5 167:20

168:14 179:15

180:8 182:23

184:16 186:7

189:10,14

190:18 191:7

192:14 196:23

204:15 205:3

207:8 215:23

228:2,3 229:16

230:20 233:21

234:22

242:22,25 250:7

262:14 263:24

265:19 274:20

280:5 283:12

284:3,6 286:21

293:14,23,25

298:10,11

301:16,19

302:24

303:4,6,11,12

Carter 231:8

cartoon 298:7

case 89:6 122:18

223:17 262:9

299:2

case-by-case

137:23 138:2

cases 83:12 171:14

castigated 291:19

casualties 257:6

catalytic

157:11,17,21

catastrophe

199:13

catastrophes

199:11

catastrophic 147:9

catch 188:16

categories 88:14

category 177:16

296:18

302:11,14,23

cattle 182:8

causation 152:15

causations 152:17

cause 130:21

142:5 199:5,10

211:13 289:5

301:11

caused 82:23

161:15 208:9

215:19 237:6

260:16 267:24

269:7

causes 143:16

150:6 159:11

162:3 163:6,8

211:12 250:18

causing 139:25

189:18 222:16

250:20,21

celebrate 169:21

290:3

cell 54:21 68:19

73:20 106:21,25

cellulosic 103:23

cement 159:20

Cemetery 259:20

center 5:18 9:13

86:6,7 115:17

129:6 154:16

169:19 232:4

234:25 293:10

Centera 295:16

centers 182:23

Central 227:21

300:8

cents 44:3,4

247:22 254:18

century 80:22

273:2 274:13

CEO 58:15

CERES 217:22

certain 66:14

94:15 152:23

158:13 177:2

188:8 236:18

certainly 66:11

116:5 153:10

154:15 182:6

232:13 234:14

244:5 252:16

258:23

Certified 305:3

certify 305:6,11

chains 26:5

chair 150:19

291:10

Chairman 42:19

64:6 87:10

291:19,23

challenge 33:13

58:4 60:13 107:8

challenged 32:8

288:17

challenges 106:15

145:8 205:19

209:4,22 294:22

challenging 23:24

35:11 61:12

Champion 7:14

151:20

164:23,24 165:2

175:22 177:2

chance 236:16

270:13

chances 164:16

change 28:17

33:24 44:7 46:6

47:6,13

50:8,10,20,25

55:3,4,7 57:8

65:25 77:14

82:23 83:4 90:6

106:16 121:13

129:18 137:12

141:3 144:2,13

145:5 147:5,9

148:22 160:3

181:3,11,14

183:6,7,19 194:7

198:21 201:23

206:8 208:3

211:11,20

215:18 220:24

221:4,17 232:21

237:20 239:3

242:13 246:11

247:6,21 250:18

251:19 256:3

258:7 259:14

265:10 267:19

270:23 271:2

272:9,10 275:5,7

276:15

288:10,11 289:4

290:2 292:14

294:14 297:18

302:10,22 304:8

changed

189:2,8,13

203:5,7 255:10

278:8 294:9

changer 54:6

changes 44:6

53:16 82:15

88:18 89:10 95:8

96:3 149:2

150:11 174:8

181:6,14 194:14

208:19 250:21

265:14 269:6,8

275:3,20,23

276:3 278:16

288:12 289:5,19
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

changing 189:17

Chapter 140:23

charge 55:11

103:7 184:24

230:8,12

charged 119:21

charges 184:24

230:14

charging 42:23

45:12,15,17

46:13 55:5

184:14 230:16

charter 234:3

cheap 91:8

cheaper 265:7

checked 246:22

checkpoint 34:14

Cheltenham

149:21,22

150:14,22,23

chemicals 131:23

Cherry 182:21

Cheryl 6:15

140:19,20

Chester 252:2

Chet 2:6 15:25

Chevrolet 92:21

93:23

Chevron

229:19,21 230:3

Chief 16:22,24

child 56:11 139:18

154:9 195:16,17

213:22

children 56:9

116:4 139:25

140:6 143:13

151:4 154:16

174:21 182:13

188:6 189:4

192:11 201:15

213:20,22

253:19,22

254:4,9,15

271:23 277:16

279:17 292:22

298:2 302:15

children's 55:24

211:4 254:17,23

255:7

child's 254:7

China 154:19,23

190:12 253:5

China's 272:18

chip 295:3

choice 14:24 56:22

144:3 165:22

166:2 193:25

223:15 225:17

283:13

choices 64:16

134:14 166:14

195:2 196:8,21

218:10 223:10

274:22

choking 293:7

chosen 274:20

278:9

Christianity 236:3

Christopher 281:6

chronic 80:12

152:6 153:14

154:9 275:12

301:6 302:21

Chrysler 4:11

57:16,21

58:11,13,19,21,2

3 59:4,10,19

60:20,23 61:15

Chrysler's 62:13

chunk 272:22

Church 10:7

140:21 266:2

268:15

Churchill 297:12

Cincinnati 192:5

circulates 25:22

cited 187:3

cities 130:5 203:19

247:8 293:7

300:14

citizen 4:9 5:22

6:8,14,16,18

7:5,7,9,11,13,19,

21,23,25

8:4,6,8,12

9:7,9,11,17,25

10:9,13

11:13,15,17,19,2

1 121:2 180:22

181:2 194:19

201:5 202:5

245:4 249:13

276:22 277:10

279:7 301:3

citizen/activist

210:21

citizens 156:22

164:15 194:9

city 22:16 53:23

54:9 86:6,8

120:15 129:6,10

142:12 153:11

154:16 159:17

198:9,10,16

201:17 228:23

262:11,17

264:11,22

293:17 296:11

city's 129:9 262:3

Civic 195:11

civil 227:23 271:10

claim 243:14

claimed 115:5,9,10

claims 115:12

clan 238:17

clarification 52:21

clarify 203:11

class 58:24 72:13

168:24 227:6

classic 239:16

classmate 259:20

clean 3:16 6:6 9:19

36:20 47:10,14

54:5 55:22

76:3,10 80:13

83:23 109:3

111:7 117:8,13

124:17 125:20

126:25 130:2,11

133:6 152:14,20

153:22 182:24

194:12 215:23

216:25 217:10

218:9,14 231:25

234:2,22 245:3

246:7 249:7

265:17 266:7

279:17 282:8,16

285:2,12 288:2,3

302:10

303:11,12,16

cleaner 28:16

29:10 38:16

41:19 54:22

111:10 119:5

125:24 128:18

146:9 148:18

201:14 207:2

233:21 235:3

245:19 249:19

260:22 292:21

302:13

cleanest 232:16,17

cleaning 163:5,12

clear 50:18 67:3

86:18 137:3

206:24

209:12,15

215:20 226:24

238:9 244:16

258:6 266:14

271:3 294:21

298:16 301:2

clearly 19:22

43:12 64:20 83:6

119:4 176:3

237:15,25

254:19 286:4

climate 25:24

28:17 29:23

36:25 47:6,13

50:8,10,20,24
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

77:13 82:22 83:4

106:16 130:12

137:12 141:3

144:2,13 145:5

147:5,9,17

148:22

181:3,11,14

183:6,7,18 190:8

194:7 199:2

200:7 206:8

207:23 208:3,5

211:11,20,22

214:7 215:17

220:24 221:4,17

232:21 237:19

239:3 242:13

246:11 247:6,21

250:18,20

251:19 255:23

256:3 258:7

267:19 270:22

271:2 272:9,10

275:5 276:14

287:5,8,21

288:10,12,23

289:4,18 290:2

292:14 294:14

297:18 298:9

302:22

climatedisrupting

286:19

climate-friendly

240:15

Clinton 231:8

clogging 293:7

close 17:25 74:17

79:22 173:10,22

249:13

closed 125:20

173:13,25

226:19

closely 40:24

56:14 275:18

closer 24:14

134:15 173:3

closing 138:25

175:10 189:18

200:4 239:6

closure 173:23

clothes 297:23

clouds 159:16

Club 3:12 9:23

10:11,15 24:25

49:15 210:22

252:3 270:17

276:23,24

281:18 297:4

club's 25:5,8

C-Max 31:15

CNA 7:17

169:19,20 172:8

175:11

CO 84:2

CO2 13:9 31:21

32:16 77:20

110:7 127:8

194:8 199:6

200:9,11,15

208:8,13,23

263:11,14,17

280:7

CO2-equivalent

224:21

coal 198:24 256:21

291:3,24

coal-fired 29:4

119:23 216:7

coalition 47:6

110:23 115:18

145:24 147:14

223:23 235:18

coast 46:8 161:21

226:6 227:2,3,7

298:17

coastal 26:3 27:18

269:9 270:6

288:17

Coastguardsman

256:11

co-author 239:16

Co-chair 36:18

cockroaches 272:5

coffers 258:24

cold 51:12 259:18

collaborate

99:15,18

collaborated

245:18

collaboration

101:5 223:3

290:4,19 292:2

collaborative 59:7

290:23

collar 296:12

colleague 12:14

16:6 63:8

colleagues 15:22

52:19 124:7

collective 67:10

141:8 170:16

collectively 212:7

246:17

Colleen 253:16,18

college 151:5

230:13 239:16

collisions 242:19

color 159:19

Columbia 273:10

Columnaris

131:15

combat 257:4

combined 27:14

30:18 71:14

110:3 216:16

266:22 287:9,16

combustion

287:22

comes 75:14

195:13 204:12

227:15 229:12

230:14

comfort 32:10

141:18 165:15

coming 46:6 54:14

127:2 152:11

158:7 177:3,25

188:2 218:9

261:16

commanded

170:24

commandment

149:13

commend 78:5

109:4

commends 206:5

commensurate

78:17

comment 15:15,17

17:22,24,25

24:19 57:18 63:5

69:6 74:17 79:22

125:13 206:10

commenting 30:13

comments 14:14

15:10,19 17:2

19:24 20:2,3,5

24:17 25:14

34:9,20 39:5

57:12 58:12

60:21 63:2 70:9

74:16,17 79:20

98:22 120:14,17

138:23 176:19

220:22 245:4

284:13

commercial 48:7

104:2 171:4

commercialize

104:7 209:17

commission

239:19

commissioner

36:24 53:23

69:11

commissioners

149:20,23

commitment 27:7

31:19 59:20

105:9 111:21

113:10,12

115:22 123:5,10

148:3 190:16

232:18 267:5
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

291:5

commitments

58:18

committed 27:4

30:24 77:7 79:16

111:25 116:17

210:12 235:2

271:10

Committee 36:19

49:20 291:10

committing

147:25 148:4

commodity 259:10

common 29:18

101:7 131:14

234:8 262:2

276:25 277:3

Commonwealth

1:24 305:5

communication

173:9

communities 26:3

27:19 38:12

56:18,19,21

112:17 139:21

140:6 234:13

237:10,12,21

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304:4

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303:3,6

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304:5

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81:24

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169:24

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136:17,23

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162:14

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298:17

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271:5

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79:16

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configurations

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279:2

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240:22

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congratulate

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

congregation

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277:8,14

Congressional

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107:25

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241:12 242:12

288:9

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142:2

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168:10

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263:20

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301:11

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236:4,23 237:16

238:21,23 239:7

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135:9

165:3,6,9,17,20,

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176:10,23,24

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264:25

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88:10

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221:22 222:8,12

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245:25

248:18,21

286:20 290:17

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69:25 70:14

74:11 75:19

88:25 123:17

127:11 132:14

173:15 174:10

193:4 206:9,18

208:9 215:22

216:12,19

233:6,12 234:20

239:23 245:24

257:24 258:7,19

267:12 287:12

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289:3

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7:1 8:1 9:1 10:1

11:1

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113:18

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206:22 245:21

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27:20 29:14

31:23 35:16 37:9

48:15 60:6 65:13

66:14 68:10

70:22 71:16

73:11 78:6 79:18

98:3 99:15

105:24 107:14

109:11 136:7
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

137:17 138:9

144:25 168:16

171:15 183:12

184:11 200:16

206:14 209:15

218:8 227:17

260:10,15 271:7

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199:9 210:16

258:15

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128:20 227:11

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36:12 57:22 58:2

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138:21 139:4

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263:10 264:10

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210:10 237:18

263:5 267:16,18

270:5 299:10

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117:20 148:9

237:14 247:21

contributing

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302:25

contributions

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contributor 199:9

control 33:4 36:22

51:25 69:17

79:3,9 138:6

199:15

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Controlman 227:6

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106:2

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Conversely 236:14

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263:16

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cooking 25:23

Cooper 5:7

87:9,10,11

122:22 123:6

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90:14

COPD 152:6,20,24

153:15 159:7

182:11 188:22

299:11 301:7,11

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157:9

Corp 92:25

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98:25 193:19

232:4 235:2

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294:19

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52:6

53:2,8,10,11,12

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71:18

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97:14 100:19

104:15 107:12

123:24 124:4

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146:10

150:5,6,9,11

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167:4 176:5

177:22 182:18

184:4 185:3

187:3,18 204:21

217:7,10 223:12

225:2 241:18

243:16

244:7,8,17

254:19,21

269:23 276:11

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242:17

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273:12

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97:18 123:20

134:4 135:8

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213:10,12

241:25

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110:10 122:8

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242:9 266:20

283:21 298:24

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38:24 55:19,24

57:11,22 75:3

76:4,14 90:15

110:8 113:3

114:25 117:16

130:15 132:4,18

143:5 144:16

146:9,18 153:11

154:25 155:2

156:11

158:10,11

160:12,16 174:8

175:5,20 187:17

190:17 216:24

228:15 233:10

246:17

249:11,16 251:2

254:20 255:24

259:12 297:9

country's 117:21

206:7 269:3
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

counts 71:17

County 149:21

154:4 228:22

couple 151:19

224:12 257:16

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274:5 286:2

course 32:11 95:4

118:20 153:5

182:19 291:18

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Court 19:7,22

85:10 180:12

304:17 305:24

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284:16

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246:24

create 15:6 55:10

57:10 109:15

111:6,13,21

112:13 127:14

134:9 174:15

185:25 210:13

217:21,24

245:18 248:25

249:10 269:15

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86:12 276:5

293:4

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111:10 151:7

270:7 303:13

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110:13 140:13

251:18 301:19

303:11

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111:2 223:25

232:12 236:14

267:12 291:9

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196:11

creator

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238:25

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303:15

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35:22 41:5,7

42:5 44:12

45:3,20 62:12

72:4

95:11,13,16,24

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102:2 135:22

136:17

206:14,22

210:5,16

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23:6,8 41:4

72:9,10

135:12,20,25

136:6,11 194:3

206:12

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172:21 247:16

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40:24 60:4 78:13

79:5 102:11

109:9 194:2

206:7,19 214:4

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244:13

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242:14 243:11

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219:8,10,15

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Crown

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263:5,12,24

264:8 265:9

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162:22

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240:7 241:24

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300:6

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49:2 64:6 77:14

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122:12 127:6

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164:4,9 166:5

198:22 216:20

263:2

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64:15 94:19

184:8

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32:3 59:13

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63:15

64:18,20,23

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97:6 100:12

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185:2,8,13,14

187:15

cut 27:7 29:14

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118:16,25 183:9

187:6 193:4

194:5 200:10

219:13 220:2

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287:12 288:4

299:14 301:10

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167:13 185:10

208:6 276:11

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162:22

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D

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284:7,9 285:10

303:4

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33:25 46:3 181:8

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267:24

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

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247:13

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97:10 209:25

225:6 264:20

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230:13

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239:13,14

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48:13,18,21

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255:7 258:21

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269:21 270:15

287:13 294:8

297:22 305:19

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161:12 173:25

177:15 230:16

294:10 300:23

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76:24 169:21

191:13 300:23

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160:8,10 164:17

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292:3

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241:11

243:14,23

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295:23

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277:14

Declaration

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237:14,20

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80:18 192:10

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113:7,10,12

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259:17

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251:13

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47:24 118:22

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269:13

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126:10

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99:11

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216:22

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32:5 51:25 66:15

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173:15 178:20

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67:8

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29:10 166:10

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demonstrating

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275:14

densely 182:19

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

DEP 51:19

Departmen 300:8

Department 4:15

16:14 37:2 47:24

59:7 69:12 71:11

134:8 165:3

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290:10

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270:4

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28:11 47:7 54:4

56:25 88:23

111:24 113:7

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215:14

226:10,25

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298:15,21

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170:12 220:3

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269:21

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201:12 208:3

233:14

252:16,23

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302:16

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221:13

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Deputy 16:12

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105:6

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94:13

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240:16

determination

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77:16 137:15

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Detroit 12:21

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51:24 117:22

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254:3

Devastatingly

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93:2 125:19

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209:12

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280:11,12

281:23

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33:8 158:13

171:15 185:22

200:8

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dimensionally

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184:14

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39:18 44:18

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263:4,6 266:23

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288:5

dire 141:2 242:12

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256:4

directed 19:24

20:4,5,6 233:14

234:7,8

direction 49:6

61:9 83:6 132:15
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

144:15 149:5

198:14 200:24

234:22

directly 19:6 75:4

223:10 258:23

264:24

director 12:11

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304:6

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155:23

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246:16

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251:12

273:8,12,15

275:25

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224:9

discouraged 62:10

discussed 117:14

222:3 223:14

259:25

discussing 21:9

256:6

discussion 63:14

121:9 223:17

292:14

discussions 22:5

disease 80:12,20

84:16 124:22

152:4,7 182:12

267:17 275:21

299:13 301:7

302:15

diseases 152:16

159:8 181:21

182:2,11,15

237:24 247:9,10

275:12

288:20,21

disgrace 29:15

disincentives 62:2

dislocation 27:18

dismiss 219:17

disobedience

271:10

disparaging

155:18

disparities

243:5,10

dispatchers

261:22

disproportionate

38:11 237:9

disproportionatel

y 76:9

disrespect 236:15

disruptions 87:21

distribution

38:9,14 39:3

district 76:8 85:23

150:22

dividends 147:5

divine 238:7

Division 16:2,23

30:9 257:3

281:17

docket 19:10

24:17 25:15

doctor 188:12,19

300:6

doctor's 56:10

document 17:11

documents

17:7,9,12

Dodge 59:2

dollars 47:22

48:13,19,21

77:24 87:17,19

110:8,11 126:12

155:7 163:2

169:4 174:4

178:24 179:23

193:8 224:8

225:3 247:22

251:18 254:18

265:4 269:21

domestic 38:21

47:10 147:19

174:3 249:2

280:5

domestically

237:21

dominate 98:3

dominated 168:18

donate 227:17

293:12

done 105:4 124:4

132:25 142:5

162:5 213:5

267:9 271:6

284:17 303:14

door 93:23 188:10

195:11

203:15,16

doors 300:24

Dorothea 5:21

120:25

Dorsha 7:20

188:3,5

doses 254:25

DOT 291:12

double 126:6

132:23 216:20

219:20 286:21

doubled 89:18

178:23

doubt 68:10

doubts 116:15

Dow 77:16

downsize 15:8

downstream

131:14

Downtown 1:20

dozen 29:7 88:21

105:13

Dr 53:18,20 87:11

151:25 210:20

draft

17:15,18,23,24

19:25

dramatic 43:13

242:25

dramatically 46:9

54:19 156:9

216:12

draw 63:22 113:15

drawing 113:13

drill 175:8

drilling 28:2 55:14

251:7,11

drink 268:17

drive 43:25 44:2,4

86:3 111:16,22

142:25 143:2,5

155:25 199:16

217:12 219:11

248:18 299:23

304:9

driven 44:4 51:16

95:6 244:7,9

262:21,23

293:11

driver 262:23

264:6,14,18

drivers 103:6

110:20 223:4

263:24 264:2

304:9

driver's 264:16

driving 45:25
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

77:8,21 87:16

89:22 90:23

103:15 119:19

130:21 133:2

136:3,5 142:20

145:3 151:6

199:24 202:20

263:23

264:11,13

293:15,22

296:23 299:8

302:24 303:4

drop 226:22

243:16 295:21

drop-in 104:7

209:3

drops 53:13

drought 182:7

275:3 302:21

drought-induced

26:2

droughts

116:8,10,13

181:20 273:8

drove 243:3

293:14,17

drugs 123:4

dry-clutch 59:3

dual 59:3 207:25

due

38:8,15,17,21,24

39:2 67:14

122:15 196:5

207:19 208:8

215:18 237:24

266:16 288:19

Duke 64:2

duly 305:7

DuPont 5:12

98:18,21 99:3

101:18 102:11

103:2,14,19

durable 105:22

221:23

duration 19:17

during 18:23 19:8

145:3 161:12,13

171:2 209:6

256:25 257:3

278:18 295:22

dust 188:8 284:21

duties 227:10

duty 45:25 47:9

237:2 267:13

dying 159:22,23

301:6

dynamics 77:19,24

E

ear 26:11

earlier 15:11

41:16,19,23

52:25 53:8

160:14 175:23

224:5 253:24

259:2

early 60:2 77:14

107:15 135:24

152:11 289:25

earned 264:23

earning 264:19

earth 113:14 114:7

116:23

164:3,13,19

181:4 192:11

232:24 233:16

234:10 236:7,17

238:4,11 246:13

268:7,12 273:21

earthquakes

232:25

earth's

238:10,16,22,23

easier 225:18

easily 167:17

East 46:7 161:21

173:7 269:19

273:9 294:8

Eastern 131:19

289:21 298:24

eat 114:2,3 204:10

253:5

eats 253:5

echoed 236:19

eco 27:21 251:11

eco-friendly 75:2

ecological 114:16

239:4

economic 26:21

27:18 29:22

38:22 48:24

69:22 99:21

109:13

110:14,24

114:16 186:24

199:11 211:21

213:13 220:23

223:21 233:3

242:10 246:18

259:16 263:20

287:8,15

economically

70:24 196:17

254:19 263:25

303:9

economicallysensible 100:3

economics 88:7

153:6 194:23

220:14,15

234:15

239:15,18

Economies 223:24

economist 244:15

economy 1:3,19

13:6,12 16:18,22

17:5,17,19

21:7,16,20,23

22:20 26:20

30:7,15 31:5

32:11 33:5,12,25

34:24 35:11

37:11 47:20

48:14,20 51:24

56:13 57:20,23

58:13,16 59:11

61:14,17,20

62:15 63:6

64:17,21

65:2,10,14

66:3,15 67:16,22

68:11 73:16

76:25 77:20

78:17 81:5 86:11

87:18 88:17,25

92:11,23 93:11

94:11,19,22

95:19

96:5,12,14,25

97:15,18,19

98:25 99:22

102:14 105:18

109:3,17 110:21

112:17 118:5

119:6 133:25

136:10 138:3

147:21 148:17

161:8 165:15,25

166:10,15

167:3,7

168:7,15,20

169:2 177:7,19

178:2,8 184:6

185:19,22,23

187:5,11,22

193:12 208:15

210:7,11

212:3,15

213:10,16

214:11,25

217:3,18 218:6

219:9 225:10

226:4 228:5

240:21 242:16

243:6,7,19,21

244:3,9,18 250:2

251:20

252:15,23

255:20 257:20

263:25 264:25

265:21 267:21

268:8 269:14

279:14 286:21

287:11 290:8,15

economy-wide

26:23

ecosystems 288:14

289:9,17

Eden 113:19
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

114:11 252:6

educate 123:14

141:7 221:15

235:20

educated 64:14

122:24

education 122:19

192:7 229:10

302:2

educational 199:9

educator 192:6,8

302:2

Edward 6:9

130:8,9 261:13

270:11

Edwards 10:10

270:12,13

effect 51:24

122:17,18,21

181:3 225:10

269:8 290:23

effective 59:15

144:24 221:9

240:5 287:3

effectively 100:20

104:16 126:6

209:17 211:24

221:23 245:20

275:13

effectiveness 137:8

295:4

effects 73:12 74:2

126:11 159:25

160:2 182:6

211:22 213:18

272:10 274:25

303:2

efficacy 42:10

efficiencies 173:14

208:14

efficiency 21:11

23:17,20 25:17

29:19 31:3,25

32:19 58:22

63:16 69:4 77:8

78:2 79:9 91:6

96:13

100:5,14,20

101:17 102:9

103:13,20

104:16

109:17,21

110:4,25 119:8

120:5,11 122:23

125:15 126:6,9

128:4,8,12,23

130:16 132:23

136:13 139:13

144:23 146:5,7

147:4,10 149:15

166:19 167:15

168:24 175:9

180:25 183:2

184:19

185:12,20 186:7

187:8,20 193:25

196:4 198:12

200:4,21 201:7

202:6 203:25

206:12,17

207:14 218:2

219:21

221:15,21

222:15 225:17

232:14 235:24

248:15 253:12

263:22 265:7

266:11,18

268:25 271:20

274:8,16,21

283:21 287:2

290:24 295:14

296:2 301:16

efficiencyboosting 102:12

efficient 28:16

68:11 72:2

77:19,24 78:14

90:8 101:15

110:12 125:24

143:23 149:12

166:3 168:3,7

169:5 177:16

184:3 193:6

199:20

204:19,22

215:23 216:25

218:10 222:6

233:21 235:3

239:24 240:11

245:19 249:8,14

260:23

efficiently 97:3

143:2

effort 21:4 63:9

67:10 74:9 110:3

150:18 207:10

288:9

efforts 21:11 30:18

35:21 59:7 60:8

78:6 79:23 97:5

112:14 214:2

260:20 296:6

Egypt 114:25

eight 145:2 165:17

200:12 224:22

eight-speed 58:25

EIS 17:18,23,24

19:25 20:6

either 113:23

133:3 273:11

elaborate 53:3

elaborating 79:20

Elantra 21:19 65:4

67:13,17,24,25

elastomers 102:10

elderly 84:15

181:17 182:13

elected 149:24

election 278:21

284:2

electric 23:15

31:11,13 42:23

43:12,16,18,21,2

2,25

44:2,12,20,21

45:11,14,22

46:11 48:3 54:20

55:8 59:6,8

71:4,5,18 72:22

73:7 102:18,24

103:10

106:20,22

111:16

119:17,18

127:17 144:22

156:17,19

166:24 177:9

184:16

229:3,11,21,23

230:6 231:13

249:3 294:3

electricity 55:10

72:20 74:8 79:10

102:20 119:21

156:18 184:9

electronic 99:7

element 243:19

262:3

elements 35:15

221:8 261:25

eliminate 23:3

65:22 132:2

206:15 298:23

eliminated 121:25

132:6 289:14

eliminating 109:22

elites 242:12

Elling 7:12

163:22,23

else 156:2 165:12

243:16 284:13

else's 86:24

elsewhere 45:13

Elwell 281:10

embargo 172:21

embrace 29:18

158:16

embraced 158:4

emergency 163:8

emergent

174:12,16

emerging 144:21

Emily 214:18

228:21 231:16

emission 16:18

23:23 25:17
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

39:19 72:20

78:16,21

83:21,25 98:25

106:24 119:20

216:24 267:22

276:11 287:11

288:7 289:13

290:16

emissions 13:5,15

28:19,21

29:8,14,19

31:6,21

37:10,14,16,19,2

0,22 38:2,8,9,13

39:2 41:16

44:15,19 45:21

50:16 54:22

62:15 70:2,13,16

72:12,22

73:7,9,24

74:3,10 77:20

79:14,15

81:4,9,15,19

83:8 101:13

105:19 108:8

109:23

118:16,25

119:17,24

125:14 126:14

132:8 133:24

135:16

136:10,20,21

137:6,10,19

138:6 139:16

140:4 150:25

162:16

182:10,18 183:9

190:9 194:8

200:15 206:15

208:8,9,12 210:7

212:19 216:10

219:22 220:18

224:22,24 225:4

237:7,19 240:10

245:9,13,23

246:5 248:4,11

250:2,6 263:17

266:15,23

267:18 268:6

282:7 287:25

289:15 290:9,25

299:15

emit 119:18 127:6

148:18 162:9

248:8

emitted 37:14

emotional 182:16

236:19

empathize 154:15

emphasis 65:14

167:6

emphasize 79:4

84:7

emphasized

300:12

emphatic 88:3

emphysema

153:15

empirical 225:6

employ 205:20

249:5

employed 128:7

193:20

employees 185:18

187:15 296:11

empower 97:17

Emtithal 281:12

enable 91:10 97:20

102:17 107:25

206:20 219:11

enabled 171:14

enables 30:22

enabling 88:5

enact 50:6 51:17

185:21

enacting 226:10

encountered

244:14

encountering

171:8

encourage 35:23

56:19 57:2 59:25

70:24 74:14

82:11 97:21,24

151:9 213:14

225:8 226:7

274:15 291:24

encouraged

212:25 271:19

encourages 42:8

54:3

encouraging 30:15

70:11 224:17

226:3 233:10

endanger 267:14

endangering

214:7

endeavor 183:14

endorse 146:5

253:12

endorsed 133:23

endorses 58:17

endowed 238:24

enemies 227:14

258:24

enemy 149:7

Energain 102:21

103:2

energies 207:17

energy 22:11

28:21 31:15

32:16 43:7,23

44:9 47:10,14,18

48:8 49:4 59:7

68:20 73:18 74:8

79:11 98:5

100:5,7 102:19

104:9 106:16

109:3 123:25

130:11 133:6,14

134:6,10 135:16

145:5 146:12

147:17,24 148:9

149:10 170:7

172:22 173:3

174:8 183:13

184:4,18 187:7

197:12,18 201:9

202:21 204:19

205:18 206:17

207:14 208:3

209:21 213:3

216:23 218:15

221:14,25

222:4,6 223:9

228:6,8 232:22

246:7 251:15

252:15 253:7

257:20 258:14

274:16 275:18

276:3,4

287:6,7,9 288:13

290:24

energy-using

221:23

enforce 19:17

enforced 303:8

enforcement 304:3

engage 55:16

93:10,11 258:13

engaged 226:13

engagement 112:7

engine 39:21 59:3

65:23 66:3

105:24 167:16

177:18 206:12

engineer 179:16

193:15

engineering 30:9

76:20 93:2

210:14 211:21

engineers 107:8

167:20 180:2,6

engines 45:23

89:15 148:18

260:23

enhance 82:25

103:13 135:14

enhanced 39:21

enhancements

67:21 136:13

enjoy 76:10

113:23 200:16

236:16

enjoying 164:19
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

enormous 28:16

86:4 113:22

114:13 144:14

153:18

enriched 250:11

ensure 14:6 24:13

25:19 32:4 34:14

40:17 42:7 47:18

73:13 74:3 76:2

79:24 119:11

126:15

128:15,24 173:8

213:5,15

218:8,21 254:10

ensuring 107:24

169:25

entanglement

51:18,21

entangling 51:7

enter 249:4

entered 207:5

entering 265:11

enthusiastic

274:12

entire 50:16

118:20 152:5

208:6 212:5

216:7,21 248:19

275:7 287:14

entirely 36:4

entitled 169:24

entrepreneurs

186:19

enumerate 213:12

environment 5:20

22:10 30:8 37:2

44:22 56:5 92:12

105:22 112:18

115:18

117:9,10,12,15

118:5 119:6

133:14 139:17

140:14 145:24

147:14 149:3,10

158:24 159:2

174:16 191:3

192:20 199:11

201:11 209:21

211:8 213:25

215:15 217:3

232:19

234:12,23

235:4,10,22

236:10,20

244:17 247:19

257:25 263:4

265:21 272:4

274:4 288:24

289:3 293:20

environmental

4:15 11:11 12:13

17:16,18 25:2,3

38:12 49:20,21

50:11 54:7 68:20

69:12,23 73:4

75:24 80:8,24

100:6 105:23

108:25 109:6

110:23

117:11,22

119:13 120:20

124:18 125:11

126:23

134:5,7,10 137:4

143:16 147:8,24

159:2 164:18

169:3 192:8,22

202:9,10 205:19

220:15,17

225:23 235:17

239:18,21

241:19 252:2

266:8 281:18,19

285:25

286:14,15

290:10 297:8

environmentalfriendly 207:8

environmentalist

202:16 203:3,5,7

225:15

environmentalists

86:22 126:20

247:15

environmentally

55:15 205:22

223:23

environmentallysensitive 251:8

envisioned 39:18

40:18 105:8

enzymes 103:19

EPA 2:4 14:12

15:23 17:6 21:20

22:24 23:5 25:16

29:13 30:18 34:6

35:4 37:4,8 39:8

40:2,17,20,24

41:6,10 42:6,8

49:14,23

57:19,23 65:2,9

70:11,25 71:4,11

73:11 74:14

77:11 78:5 79:17

82:12 83:19

96:23 98:6,22

99:17 100:13

104:14 112:23

116:17 125:9,17

127:21,25

128:2,7,14,17,20

137:7,19 138:18

148:13 161:10

162:23

163:11,17

175:12 181:9,13

206:3,5,13

207:15

209:3,11,15

210:15 214:3

224:6 226:7

228:16 235:5,9

245:17 249:17

267:2 268:2

277:6 279:3

283:22 284:8

291:13 293:3

294:23 295:7

296:6 297:5

301:9

EPA/NHTSA

1:2,18,22 12:1

13:1 14:1 15:1

16:1 17:1 18:1

19:1 20:1 21:1

22:1 23:1 24:1

25:1 26:1 27:1

28:1 29:1 30:1

31:1 32:1 33:1

34:1 35:1 36:1

37:1 38:1 39:1

40:1 41:1 42:1

43:1 44:1 45:1

46:1 47:1 48:1

49:1 50:1 51:1

52:1 53:1 54:1

55:1 56:1 57:1

58:1 59:1 60:1

61:1 62:1 63:1

64:1 65:1 66:1

67:1 68:1 69:1

70:1 71:1 72:1

73:1 74:1,9 75:1

76:1 77:1 78:1

79:1 80:1 81:1

82:1 83:1 84:1

85:1 86:1 87:1

88:1 89:1 90:1

91:1 92:1 93:1

94:1 95:1 96:1

97:1 98:1 99:1

100:1 101:1

102:1 103:1

104:1 105:1

106:1 107:1

108:1 109:1

110:1 111:1

112:1 113:1

114:1 115:1

116:1 117:1

118:1 119:1

120:1 121:1

122:1 123:1

124:1 125:1

126:1 127:1

128:1 129:1

130:1 131:1

132:1 133:1

134:1 135:1

136:1 137:1

138:1 139:1

140:1 141:1

142:1 143:1

144:1 145:1

146:1 147:1

148:1 149:1

150:1 151:1

152:1 153:1
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

154:1 155:1

156:1 157:1

158:1 159:1

160:1 161:1

162:1 163:1

164:1 165:1

166:1 167:1

168:1 169:1

170:1 171:1

172:1 173:1

174:1 175:1

176:1 177:1

178:1 179:1

180:1 181:1

182:1 183:1

184:1 185:1

186:1 187:1

188:1 189:1

190:1 191:1

192:1 193:1

194:1 195:1

196:1 197:1

198:1 199:1

200:1 201:1

202:1 203:1

204:1 205:1

206:1 207:1

208:1 209:1

210:1 211:1

212:1 213:1

214:1 215:1

216:1 217:1

218:1 219:1

220:1 221:1

222:1 223:1

224:1 225:1

226:1 227:1

228:1 229:1

230:1 231:1

232:1 233:1

234:1 235:1

236:1 237:1

238:1 239:1

240:1 241:1

242:1 243:1

244:1 245:1

246:1 247:1

248:1 249:1

250:1 251:1

252:1 253:1

254:1 255:1

256:1 257:1

258:1 259:1

260:1 261:1

262:1 263:1

264:1 265:1

266:1 267:1

268:1 269:1

270:1 271:1

272:1 273:1

274:1 275:1

276:1 277:1

278:1 279:1

280:1 281:1

282:1 283:1

284:1 285:1

286:1 287:1

288:1 289:1

290:1 291:1

292:1 293:1

294:1 295:1

296:1 297:1

298:1 299:1

300:1 301:1

302:1 303:1

304:1

EPA's 72:15

73:8,15 74:5

125:16 126:4

128:11 140:3

149:15 220:20

266:10,24

epidemic 153:10

equal 158:6

243:16 266:19

equip 235:20

equipment 133:17

208:24

equipped 41:14

62:6

equitable 60:18

62:6

equivalent 13:9,10

29:3 216:6,15

Erlich 11:6 280:20

281:14 283:6

erode 119:13

218:17

eroded 240:21

errands 56:23

296:23

escaping 203:21

especially 28:12

66:2 94:15

121:15 122:5

135:3 161:12,16

163:19 167:9

282:21,23 289:8

essential 34:13

136:16 186:23

294:9 303:4,17

essentially 198:25

establish 13:5

111:17

established 35:25

47:25 78:7 128:9

293:4

Establishing

303:12

establishment

33:14

estimate 223:4

224:10

estimated 27:11

29:2 37:23 54:16

71:12 110:5

148:14 186:22

190:15 223:7,24

224:20,24 233:4

266:22

estimates 128:11

224:6 241:18,23

249:9

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Capital Reporting Company

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Capital Reporting Company

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82:23 148:5,21

206:16 211:12

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239:20 241:24

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Capital Reporting Company

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general 16:4 81:13

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100:16 108:6

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115:5,6,10

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119:10

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82:21 150:24

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221:23

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268:13,14

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148:6

155:12,18,19,20

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290:6 291:11

294:18

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116:14

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201:15 271:24

272:2 292:18

298:2

granddaughters

292:22

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188:11 201:14

grandmothers

285:21
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

grandparents

293:6

grant 111:16

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204:14 285:2

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160:2,11 180:10

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285:24 290:21

298:3,12 299:23

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33:17 41:8,22

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193:7,24

234:8,15,18

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276:14

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287:5 300:15

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112:2

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17:4 21:7 22:21

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105:18

109:18,22

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292:12

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H

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298:21

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243:14

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30:16 59:10

62:14 63:10

133:23

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Harrisburg
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131:11

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289:1 290:1
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291:1,12 292:1

293:1 294:1

295:1 296:1,21

297:1 298:1

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301:1 302:1

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Hennessy 3:9

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233:24

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53:5

Homeland 246:15

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271:17,25

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233:19 276:13

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23 230:5,18

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Hyundai 3:10 4:13

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Hyundai's 21:10

64:21,25

I

ice 26:7 190:25

272:22

iconic 132:2

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I'd 12:8 16:5,15

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142:10 151:16

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183:21,23,24

184:23 187:24

191:19 192:6,7,9

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197:14,18,24

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Capital Reporting Company

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38:18 87:20

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34:23 37:11

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102:14,22

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255:19

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301:19

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35:12 77:7 80:19

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133:25 153:21

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290:8

inadequacies

83:13

inalienable 238:23

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46:12 223:22

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203:22

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40:12 72:16

73:2,18 90:6

91:5 135:23

136:7 197:9

206:15 219:3

incentives 15:6

23:19 24:3 59:25
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

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135:25 209:9

240:13 241:21

268:9

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165:20

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263:9

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106:3 121:3

150:21 214:16

232:13 302:14

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74:6 95:5 99:6,9

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187:4 205:24

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242:3,9

264:16,21,23

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127:22 167:22

168:2 172:3

206:25

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67:15 171:23

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210:2

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66:25 67:5,19

71:16,20 81:4

82:24 90:20

91:23 100:20

102:23 103:3

104:16 112:11

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217:11 222:20

242:17,20,25

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78:17 81:10 82:2

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229:4,6 262:23

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292:25

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291:25

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237:23

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283:18

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informally 19:12
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

information 17:13

97:11,17,20

98:2,5,8 123:23

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181:12 210:3

223:22 298:22

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138:16 227:11

276:7

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241:20

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282:14

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257:5

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225:9 231:11

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184:3 197:5

205:17 206:21

innovator 205:22

innumerable

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input 158:7 215:8

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288:21

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283:11 291:19

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288:25 295:16

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228:11

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intensity 99:22

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intent 14:12 220:8

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Capital Reporting Company

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involving 242:21

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January 1:6,21

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Jonathan 255:22

Jones 77:16

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Journal 220:16

journals 155:14

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judgment 50:5

Judith 7:4 151:25

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

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July 14:11 30:2

42:8 76:22 220:7

jump 90:19

June 228:24

295:19,20,23

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kernels 103:24

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keystone 28:9

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225:22 255:18

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167:21

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106:22,24

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laws 49:21

lawsuit 229:19

lay 164:8 259:19

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134:12,24 135:2

154:24 155:9

160:19 167:25

181:24 212:7

217:11 226:8

234:3 251:15

275:24 298:4

leader 58:17 77:15

91:15 111:18

155:16 163:24

262:7

leaders 147:22

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182:4 199:12

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240:23 257:7

leads 33:17 88:17

90:17 163:12

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Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

leakage 206:12

207:19

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82:13 142:5

197:24 200:20

267:3 272:19

274:23 293:22

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184:13 225:7

240:18 256:25

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Legislative 266:4

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120:24,25

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54:23 65:22

89:19 100:15

118:8 142:19

143:3 148:18

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185:9 189:15,16

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251:6 262:15

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300:18,19

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123:12 162:4

174:6 237:19

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liabele 191:14

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Lieutenant 169:14

life 26:20 52:5

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103:4 104:3

115:18 116:23

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152:5 162:18

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193:2 200:17

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227:5 238:8,24

255:10 259:6

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287:18

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186:8 203:20,22

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286:22 301:17

light-duty 13:6

14:21 17:4

37:12,17,21

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207:16

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287:23

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243:2

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102:5

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289:4

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282:19

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141:24 191:18

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limits 19:17 137:2

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line 26:21 31:9

97:13 98:4 154:3

184:18 220:8

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Lisa 83:19 141:12

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187:23 270:16

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lithium 102:23

156:19 229:16

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52:14 53:3

71:6,14 86:16

113:23,24

114:13 124:25

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146:22 157:8

170:9 202:18

205:3 252:7

253:11,21

256:12,16

272:16 278:23

284:18 296:25

297:2

livable 271:23

272:5

live 56:19 57:2

76:2,3 86:5,11

130:4 141:18

154:14,15 159:4
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

164:4 182:21

195:2,4 198:8

247:22 268:24

lived 142:12 154:3

257:15 300:22

livelihood 302:16

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161:5 163:13

164:17

170:19,20

192:25 250:7,12

254:17,23

258:15 260:15

261:2 269:20

270:5 285:10,17

303:4

livestock 288:16

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139:20 145:7

149:12 174:23

201:17

302:16,18

303:15

LLC 4:11

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239:18 243:22

244:15 263:25

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296:13

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76:12 89:4 90:13

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148:7 158:24

201:16 204:22

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longer 33:17 49:6

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27:21 32:23 70:6

106:15 123:15

134:16 136:9

152:8 153:20,21

160:2 174:7

175:2 187:6

207:13 296:3

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loophole-free

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86:15 119:12

121:24 145:12

194:3 200:4

271:21 295:2

299:20 303:9

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215:18 222:18

243:15 252:11

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151:6 159:13

177:6 184:10

188:14

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217:13 248:12

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266:13 268:4,7

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136:14 137:10

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40:13 41:17

81:15,18,20

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184:22 208:17

241:25 242:5

264:24 265:7

280:7

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206:23 209:13

210:8

low-rolling 177:10

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256:19

lucrative 171:13

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80:8,12,19,20,23

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124:22 127:23

152:4 162:21

188:23 300:22

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153:2 161:23

300:24 301:12

M

M.D 300:6

machine 77:21

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Macleod 11:10

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Madeline 281:10

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Mainly 277:16

mainstreamed

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246:6

maintaining

135:16

maintains 35:12

maintenance

150:3 209:13

244:5

majesty 236:13

major 44:21,22

45:8 46:12 71:8

92:6 139:14,25

153:8 192:21

199:8 208:7

211:10,13

212:24 213:17

228:9 239:24

242:15 245:8,20

246:16 248:7

257:5 273:14
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

275:20 301:11

majority

186:4,9,10 187:2

192:23 199:18

215:21 271:3

maker 21:22 90:3

makers 21:14

64:22 68:23 78:9

79:13 88:5

91:7,14,21

100:10,16,19

111:6 126:21

138:12 168:2

184:20 210:6

215:12 218:6,17

219:3 239:24

245:22 278:22

282:24 290:12

303:6 304:4

malaria 182:2

Malerd 260:5

man 132:21 158:6

256:19

manage 104:9

275:13

management

63:24 69:15

77:18 179:18

220:17 223:22

manager 30:7

57:17 98:19

133:14 185:3

mandate 94:8

mandated 199:22

mandates 23:23

97:15

mandating 138:5

Manhattan 157:25

manifolds 102:8

manipulated

191:10

Mann 3:11

24:22,23,24

49:17

manner 34:21

242:17

Manning 7:22

192:2,3,4

manufacture 15:6

190:19

manufactured

229:18

manufacturer

32:8 39:21 40:12

62:10 66:16 71:8

137:23

manufacturers

14:6,16 30:22

33:14,15

35:11,20 41:4

49:2 59:12 67:3

71:25 73:2 90:21

92:24 93:6

106:18 123:18

128:5,15,24

133:17

134:11,23

135:15,23

136:2,7,12

137:2,16,25

162:23 166:7

167:11,20

168:11 178:19

179:14 192:22

206:25 218:8

230:4,19 301:18

303:5,18

manufacturer's

72:5 79:3

Manufacturers

209:19 290:22

manufacturing

26:21 91:8 93:2

111:12 121:16

125:23 129:21

160:8 210:14

260:22 291:25

March 27:6 54:15

Marchionne 58:15

Margie 189:24

margin 26:16

marginal 97:14

Margo 2:5 12:11

16:10,11 18:2

marine 38:19

169:15

Marines 48:7

171:10 172:4

Mark 5:7 11:10

87:9,11 122:22

286:13

markedly 208:11

market 1:20 33:2

34:16 64:13

78:19 89:10

91:17 94:15

99:12,16 101:19

104:2 106:7

107:15 111:10

126:22 133:20

134:20 135:15

136:8 206:24

220:24

221:5,6,20

223:19 249:4

265:15 269:10

Marketing 98:19

marketplace 32:22

174:13 294:21

markets 99:6

100:23 144:8

198:10

marriage 305:13

mass 107:15

168:19 193:23

Massachusetts

36:25 69:18

massive 122:15

196:25

massively 271:13

Masterman 11:5,7

280:16 281:17

282:2

materials 33:6

50:13 51:3 52:4

99:11 100:19,25

102:16 168:3,19

243:8

matter 49:7 54:24

81:23 93:16,19

95:20 108:6

140:11 162:13

175:15 237:14

275:15

matters 138:23

149:4 152:17

Mawr 239:15

maximize 24:3

103:21 112:9

maximizing 29:18

77:8

maximum 102:2

120:20 196:19

may 18:23 20:12

27:16 36:5 40:6

43:19 46:14

48:16 75:21

106:17 113:17

142:24 159:25

169:19 209:17

243:10 244:9

250:23 268:14

271:25 285:7

maybe 55:6 85:2

129:14,15,25

156:14 177:18

179:21 190:7

195:25 196:19

199:18 204:9,10

205:3 283:8

289:25

MBD 216:19

McKensey 213:8

McKernan 11:14

295:12

McLaughlin 43:4

mean 43:24 53:3

93:7 167:3 189:3

195:20 196:21

245:10 279:14

292:6 297:20

meaningful 76:2

144:19

means 94:8 101:10

103:17 110:19
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

135:18 141:20

152:3 166:17

187:15 228:3

251:6 262:25

measure 40:18

59:18 60:8 137:6

222:18

measured 136:4

168:4 254:22

measures 41:22

83:4 84:5 147:21

174:25 209:8

Measuring 60:12

mechanical 193:15

mechanics 294:9

mechanism 60:18

136:15

mechanisms 71:24

123:8 135:11

139:3 244:11

medallion 261:21

262:11 265:12

Medford 2:10 3:5

12:14 16:6,10,12

24:21 30:4

36:8,15 42:3,16

46:18 49:10

52:18 85:7 87:7

92:15 97:22

98:15 112:20

117:4 120:23

124:6 151:17

153:24 158:19

161:2 163:21

169:10 175:18

180:10 214:15

220:10 225:20

228:19 231:19

235:13 239:12

261:12 268:21

270:10 274:10

276:18 280:13

285:19 286:11

300:4 301:24

304:14

media 241:9

median 278:2

295:17

medical 83:18

153:8

medications

152:13

medicine 211:5

255:2

meet 13:11 15:4

32:9 41:8,15

58:19 66:24 70:8

72:2 93:14 94:3

105:21 125:22

135:15 168:12

180:2,4 184:20

218:7 266:22

meeting 40:25

58:4 75:22 89:22

92:5 106:13

107:6 145:8

168:7 208:15

223:14 294:21

303:22

meets 134:10

193:7

meltdown 200:3

melting 26:7

190:25

member 85:2

205:11 252:3

269:2

members 2:4,9

16:21 18:9

25:9,10 109:2

133:20,22

169:12 170:14

228:14 237:3

286:16

membership 121:3

mental 152:20

mention 15:10

19:25 296:10

mentioned 123:6

125:4 185:3

224:5,12

menu 22:23,24

23:4,5

merely 218:23

258:16

message 105:5

292:9

messages 82:10

messing 189:11

met 107:18 118:13

132:20 186:23

metal 102:7

methane 26:9

136:18,24 271:7

methodology

137:18

metric 13:14 29:2

38:2 75:18 110:6

119:2 216:4,11

233:8 248:4

251:3 269:12

288:6

metropolitan

36:23 64:13

Mexico 114:11

159:17

Michael 25:12

Michigan 40:9,22

45:13

Mickey 43:4,8

mid 65:9 273:2

Mid-Atlantic 4:21

80:9,23 82:9

84:12

middle 80:21

173:7 269:19

294:8 298:24

Mideast 88:23

midnight 255:14

mid-sized 89:17

midterm

34:2,5,13,17

41:2 59:23

60:4,16 66:20

74:5 78:24 79:4

91:20,23 92:9

107:20 135:6

138:20 218:20

278:19 279:4

285:8

mid-term 24:13

midterms 285:8

migratory 26:5

mile 13:9 39:19

40:16 42:5

44:3,4 48:9,23

58:8 72:16

109:23 114:15

126:5 179:22

244:8 262:20

263:11 266:24

272:21

mileage 54:12

112:25 132:14

175:15 193:8

195:13 196:9,23

210:24 296:20

301:19

miles 13:10

21:16,21,25

22:4,7 31:10

39:20 40:4,15

54:16 58:24 95:6

96:20 107:7

109:22 131:11

132:17,24 154:6

166:21 175:14

179:9,11,12

186:15 190:20

192:15

195:10,12

196:17,19 201:8

226:10 227:25

230:8,9,11,22,24

232:16 244:7

262:22 263:22

264:7,10 293:16

294:2

milestone 297:8

military 47:24

51:10,13,15,21

144:5 170:5,14

172:8 212:22,25

226:9,12

256:13,24

millennial 269:2
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

Miller 1:23

305:3,24

million 25:9 27:12

29:2 38:2 43:16

44:16 75:18 77:5

80:10 106:8,9

109:2 118:15,17

119:2 127:11,14

156:5 165:17

172:15 186:2

207:20 216:4,13

223:6 224:22,25

225:5 248:23

250:24 251:3

258:22 263:6

269:12 287:12

millions 80:13

84:14,23 132:6

143:21,25 233:8

265:4 269:20

mind 297:21

minds 212:22

294:17

mine 49:17 51:19

187:9,19

minimize 105:23

minimum 61:23

62:9

minister 164:7

Ministry 266:4

minivan 59:9

minivans 14:23

minority 84:9,18

Minot 6:5

124:12,13,16

minute 290:3

minutes 18:13,15

misinformed

240:8

miss 254:5

mission 80:19

140:25

Missouri

273:17,18

MIT 222:8,13

mitigate 211:22

251:19

mitigation 38:10

mix 79:11

mixed 277:21

mobile 36:18

37:14,18 83:25

mobility 250:11

mobilize 235:20

model 13:7 14:2

17:3 21:17 23:2

31:9 33:11

34:7,12,15

35:6,7 37:11

39:10,14,15,25

41:15 42:11

57:25 58:2,8,20

61:2,4,6,11,18

63:7 64:19 65:21

67:13 70:17,20

72:24 73:10

77:25 78:7 79:18

94:24 98:24

109:20,25 128:5

137:7 167:13

214:23 216:17

219:22 224:13

244:22 245:12

248:18 276:13

288:2 301:17

models 21:18,25

65:2,4,11,24

96:20 275:5

model's 167:17

modest 83:11

213:10 243:12

299:8

moment 28:6

178:20 179:6

203:22 217:12

233:24 262:14

momentous

291:21

moments 21:10

monetized 38:4

82:3

money 26:18

44:11 48:15,19

50:9 76:6 109:15

110:20 140:13

144:4 156:21

166:17 167:23

182:15 184:4,5

185:24

187:18,19

199:21,23

202:22

204:23,24 205:5

215:25

217:12,20

227:13,17

245:25 258:23

259:12 270:4

279:11 290:17

293:22 303:10

moniker 153:16

monitor 79:2

137:19

monitoring 74:2

monoxide 81:12

Monroney 97:12

monsoon 272:17

Montgomery

149:21

month 94:13

202:22 254:6

255:7 272:20

monthly 21:24

167:12

217:16,17

months 54:15

106:6 161:14

188:18 255:2

260:2 272:25

monumental

117:15

moon 132:21

moral 142:3

232:18

morally 236:10

237:25

Moreover 218:2

morgue 129:9

morning 12:8

16:11 20:23 30:6

36:17 46:20

52:23 53:18,19

56:3,4 57:14,15

62:21,22 69:9,10

74:22,23

76:18,19 80:4,5

88:13 92:17

104:20,21

108:19,20 110:9

124:11,13

129:4,5 252:4,10

256:12

Morris 8:9

205:12,13

mortality 247:8

mosquitoes 181:24

MossRehab

150:21

mostly 265:12

286:7

mother

188:6,11,21

201:14

motion 25:20

motivate 302:11

motivated 222:7

motivation 180:8

197:9 302:4

303:13

motor 3:10,14

5:14 20:25 30:9

64:4 66:5 92:25

99:9 104:23

133:17 156:7

199:16 257:2

motorcycle

195:7,8,10,19,22

motors 96:17

129:18 178:10

Mount 142:14

move 25:6 53:11

75:25 83:20
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

107:14 110:12

130:23 139:14

151:18 154:23

155:8 158:11,15

178:25 233:13

234:22 235:2

260:24 294:18

299:19

moved 142:11

192:4 193:17,18

228:22

movement 54:3

149:5 157:23

169:25 282:4,14

movements 157:22

moves 52:15 159:9

294:4

movie 297:3,14,15

moving 30:21

142:14 218:22

286:11

MPG 65:3,10

66:7,10 219:5

multi-air 59:2

multi-front 226:13

multiple 118:3

158:25

multipliers 23:16

multi-speed 177:9

myself 56:10 85:25

139:22 140:2

143:20 163:20

199:17 202:15

255:23 257:5

296:19

N

NACAA 36:19,21

37:3,6 39:4 40:2

42:6

NADA 5:10

92:18,22 94:13

95:22 96:22

98:13

nameless 84:23

Nancy 3:13,15

30:5,6 36:18

52:22,23

nanofiber 102:22

narrowly 238:10

NASA 198:23

Nash 9:12 214:18

231:20,21,22

Nate 227:6

Nathan 10:6

261:12 265:25

nation 25:6 28:10

36:23 47:19 54:2

63:21 83:3

125:25 148:8,17

169:16 170:13

183:7,15 228:13

258:21 259:3

260:16 291:2

national 3:16,20

6:10 9:21

14:2,5,11 16:13

21:6 25:5 26:25

29:15,22 32:15

36:19 37:9

46:21,23,24

47:2,5,8,17,20,2

3 48:11,14,16,24

49:7 50:8 51:2

56:15 57:19,22

58:12 59:11

62:14 63:10

73:19 75:9

78:10,13

79:18,25 80:25

81:3 83:23 87:18

92:11,22 105:17

108:23 109:7

118:5 119:7

125:18,19 127:9

130:10 133:23

134:10,16

139:15 140:23

144:6 146:2

147:7,13,23

169:3,25 170:7

173:4 174:15

175:5,11,16,24

176:7 212:24

214:25 215:15

222:22 225:24

228:7 234:9

235:17 239:21

245:17,20,21

248:2 249:9,18

250:4 251:17

252:24 256:4,8

257:9,20 258:8

259:20 260:20

261:2 287:20

288:8 290:21

294:20 295:8

nationally 83:17

127:6 162:9

186:5

nationallyharmonized

30:14

nations 122:10

148:10,16

200:18

234:18,19 253:8

273:3

nation's 22:10

24:25 27:16

61:13 126:2,14

127:11 130:5

139:15 186:19

193:12 237:18

248:10 255:25

287:23 295:8

nationwide 47:5

217:24 223:7,25

224:24 235:20

286:16

native 252:10

natural 118:22

130:22 141:15

166:25 234:11

246:12

273:12,15

288:25

naturalist 192:8

nature 181:5

199:6 211:15,23

223:3 271:6

Naval 169:20

Navy 48:5

nearly 25:22 71:8

75:11,19 111:13

117:19 133:21

166:20 186:5

216:19 217:24

219:20 227:25

246:25 258:9

260:2 286:21

295:24

necessarily 232:16

necessary 23:9

24:12 33:24

35:17 58:19 70:7

73:13 98:9

134:12 138:5

157:15 209:20

212:8 213:12,15

223:14 244:12

necessity 275:20

necks 294:14

needlessly 19:16

negative 122:18

213:12

237:15,20

300:21

negatively 247:6

negligible 101:12

neighbor 84:25

neighborhood

82:7 258:3

neighborhoods

28:15

neighboring

203:19

neighbors 130:4

neither 97:12

200:3

neon 184:11

nephews 298:3

NESCAUM 69:16

70:9,22 71:23

72:15 73:15

74:14

net 13:21 38:4
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

73:6 110:17

176:6

224:7,11,14,16

240:20 242:4,6

243:16

netted 52:7

network 241:12

244:4

neutral 209:24

nevertheless 81:13

125:6

newer 233:5

newly 261:18

news 25:22 26:6

233:18

newspapers

173:20

next-generation

207:10

nexus 170:6

NHTSA 2:9 12:15

16:21 17:6,15

22:24 29:13

30:19 39:8,24

40:17,20,24 41:6

42:7 49:14 57:24

77:12 78:5 79:17

82:12 92:7 98:6

99:17 206:3,5

207:15

209:4,11,15

214:3 224:9

226:8 228:16

243:12

NHTSA's 19:24

25:16 34:11

37:4,8 40:2

57:19 98:23

206:13 210:15

niche 32:17

Nick 7:10 161:4

281:8

nickel-metal

229:12,14,17,20,

23 230:5,17

231:11

nieces 298:3

night 140:7 184:12

292:11

nine 186:5 229:9

277:17,23

nine-year-old

230:7

Nissan 229:7

296:19

nitrogen 38:8

81:22 162:13

nitrous 136:18,24

137:6

Nixon 27:2 172:22

231:7

nobody 229:22

nonattainment

56:9 57:3

none 85:21 90:19

96:16 244:13

Nonetheless 107:6

213:4

non-financial

236:21

non-governmental

14:19

non-passenger

219:4,12

nonrenewable

282:16

non-smoker

124:21

noon 246:20

nope 270:22

nor 54:11 55:16

97:13

Nora 9:12 214:18

231:22

Norhaus 224:13

normal 177:17

178:5 203:9

normally 277:12

Norman 3:17

42:18

north 4:19 5:14

67:25 76:21

104:23 130:24

159:4 204:8

247:3

Northeast 69:14

Northeastern

132:3

northern 289:9,10

Northwest 272:18

notably 81:11

171:9

Notary 1:24 305:4

note 37:7 95:22

201:16 207:4

233:10 244:2

287:22

noted 18:2

nothing 94:6

152:19 243:22

246:9 292:16

notice 14:12 70:10

220:8

noticed 269:5

notion 238:14

novel 241:21

November 13:8

17:6 70:9

NOx 81:25 83:25

NPRM 18:2 20:5

numerous 153:12

213:18

nurse 253:18

275:10

O

Oak 159:22

Obama 14:10

50:23 76:23

109:4 139:12

140:10 141:12

183:3,17 186:17

198:13 200:22

201:6,22 230:2

235:5 266:7,12

267:8 268:3

294:23 301:9,15

Obama's 27:6

265:17 271:16

287:5

obese 275:19

obey 142:16

objective 165:13

208:3

objectives 134:11

objects 160:24

obligation 238:22

obligations 218:24

observations

222:7 244:2

obsolete 162:5

obstructive 152:6

301:7

obvious 42:25

87:15

obviously 44:10

45:4 118:19

152:24 203:6

283:18

occasionally

116:15

occasions 197:6

201:21

occur 95:21 96:3

occurred 181:8

occurring 25:25

occurs 95:5 207:19

ocean 55:9 114:16

190:24

OEM 24:2

OEMs 23:14,20,22

208:14

OEM's 23:12

off-cycle

22:15,18,23

35:18 61:16
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

135:25

offer 29:22

31:9,23 39:4

58:12 59:13

60:13,21 68:19

96:20 206:3,10

208:14

235:21,23

274:12

offered 23:8 93:25

293:13

offering 94:22

209:11

offerings 66:16,19

office 12:12

16:4,24 220:21

222:11,19,22

officers 12:16

19:14

offices 56:10 300:8

official 18:25

244:16

officially 235:6

officials 126:24

offset 23:22 70:7

234:18 267:23

off-set 217:17

offshore 247:3

off-the-shelf 171:5

Oge 2:5 3:4

12:8,11 52:21

53:14 56:2 57:13

62:20 69:8 74:20

76:17 80:3 85:4

104:19 108:17

124:11,15 129:3

130:7 133:11

139:6 140:18

143:9 145:16

149:17 151:14

164:22 175:21

180:19 183:21

188:2 189:23

191:25 194:15

198:3 201:2

202:2 205:10

210:19 214:13

244:24 245:5

249:22 251:23

253:15 255:15

261:5 265:23

280:15 284:12

285:18 286:3

296:8

Ohio 45:13 192:5

193:17,18

oil 13:14 25:7

27:3,5,7,12,15,2

3 28:3,4,12

29:16 37:24

38:17,18 43:2

44:6 45:6

47:7,13,22

48:2,12,19

51:9,14

55:7,17,18,21

56:25 75:19 76:5

88:23,24 108:8

110:6,10 111:24

112:9 113:8

115:4 116:19

117:17,18,21,23

118:15,24

119:10 120:8

122:15 126:3,15

127:11,12

139:15

141:17,22

144:6,14

146:10,14,19,21,

22 147:20

148:12,15

149:11 153:7

160:5 170:2,13

172:15,21,25

173:2 174:18

183:11 193:4

194:6 198:19

201:13 206:8

215:14,18,20,22

216:12,17,18,19,

23 217:19 220:2

226:10,24

227:2,9,10,14,15

,25 229:19 230:4

231:3,7,9 232:23

233:4,7,12,13

234:16,17,20

245:24 246:6

247:2,3,18,19,25

248:3 250:24

251:6,16

252:16,21 256:2

258:7,10,22

259:4,7,25

260:17 266:17

269:22

287:4,12,22

291:3,24

294:6,13,25

298:15,16,23

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242:10

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124:8 188:2

190:18 191:12

229:21

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277:17,23 293:3

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277:18 301:5

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187:21 214:3

278:10

one-third 22:2

27:7 31:8

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215:7 240:2

275:15 301:12

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160:5

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27:24 65:17

117:13 173:9

203:15 224:16

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99:5 208:20

226:17 244:8

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94:5 226:18

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116:2 192:13

278:6 282:3

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241:8

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110:14 160:11

298:4

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16:25 17:21 18:6

20:9 24:19 29:17

36:11 37:4 42:13

46:15 57:9,18

58:11 63:5 66:20

69:3,6 72:12

74:19,24 76:14

77:11 85:15

87:4,13 98:10,22

104:12,25

108:14 109:14

111:20 112:13

120:21 124:5

125:13 130:6

158:21 163:15

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180:23 190:2
Capital Reporting Company

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192:12 193:6

194:18 198:6

202:7 205:7

206:2 210:23

218:23

231:16,24

234:21 239:10

249:25

250:15,16,17

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281:22 286:17

292:4 297:5,7

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136:18 240:5

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100:11 101:16

136:24 169:7

196:21 225:17

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207:4

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35:19,25 38:3

77:25 78:25

114:6 119:24

120:7,19 174:3

196:14 301:20

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121:5 133:7

140:24 191:12

232:6 239:17

261:20 281:19

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47:18 83:18

108:25 110:23

115:16,24,25

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147:13,23

192:23 227:19

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128:9 133:17

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98:16,17,18

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50:11 99:20

204:7 236:3,12

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otherwise 96:23

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ourselves 51:7

96:6 154:24

155:6,8,9 156:13

160:16 281:18

292:9 302:24

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153:22 237:15

290:14 305:14

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161:6

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97:5

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110:15 129:14

138:8 161:12,18

170:9 228:23

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109:8

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244:17

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73:14,23,24

83:25 103:12

105:7 167:4

194:9 224:7

232:20

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144:5 227:12

257:11

258:17,22 270:5

294:8

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Oversight 291:11

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64:11 164:9

183:24 184:17

194:20 198:8

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186:5,11,24

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265:13

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238:6,16,19,21

243:17 276:12

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136:18,24 137:6

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p.m 12:4 18:5

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5:3 6:3 7:2

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Pakistan 116:9

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Palms 171:19,20
Capital Reporting Company

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Panasonic 229:18

panel 1:22 2:4,9

3:8 4:5 5:4 6:4

7:3 8:2 9:3 10:3

11:3,9 15:23

16:20 18:9 19:19

20:7,8,15,20

53:15 80:6

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124:8,10

151:15,16,18,23,

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172:12,17

205:11

214:14,16

230:21 261:8,11

272:9 280:13,15

286:12

Panelist 19:20

Panelists 52:20

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42:24 55:11

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222:14 289:11

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213:8

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223:9

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165:21

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139:11,18

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302:15

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184:10 298:10

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particular 15:7

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81:11 119:15

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84:10 130:2

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54:24 81:23

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305:12

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190:17

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111:25

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292:12

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242:22,25

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153:22

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120:13 122:14

131:10 133:4

177:13 178:23

182:7 240:21

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269:5 270:25

271:12

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230:3

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71:25

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153:12,14,18

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250:22

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67:6 68:5

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117:12 124:19

140:22 161:20

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223:5 224:4,23

225:4 228:22

249:5,10 252:2

266:4 269:16

288:23,25

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56:19,21 57:2

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84:15,16,17,24

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121:11,15

122:13 123:2

124:3 129:11

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144:4,7 151:19

154:15 156:23

157:13

159:4,9,25

160:3,23 162:24

163:8 168:21

181:4,16
Capital Reporting Company

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199:15,21,23

200:14 205:2,20

228:10 245:14

248:16 251:9

252:6 254:18

259:12

264:22,23

267:15 270:21

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286:4 292:12

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192:15 195:10

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216:13 225:3

226:11 227:25

230:22,24 244:8

262:20,22

263:4,7,11,15,18

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294:2

perceive 43:6

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37:13,18,21

39:10,14,15

40:11 41:9

48:4,6 50:15

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71:6,7,14 73:17

84:2 88:19,22

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127:8 128:10

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174:11 177:18

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186:4,9,17,18,20

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101:21 102:12

103:20 104:4,7

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162:6 165:14

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17:24 18:2 51:23

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Perry 6:9 130:8,9

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43:24 84:23

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189:14 193:14

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56:7 63:14 64:23

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274:23

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258:20,25

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Ph.D 302:2

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Pharaoh's 114:23

pharmacologist

129:8

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287:10,16

phenomenon

158:2

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72:16

Philadelphia

1:1,7,17,20 4:7

10:5,7 12:2,9

45:12 53:21,23

54:25 80:16

86:6,8 120:16

121:4 129:6

139:11,23

140:22 142:11

145:22 149:23

161:6,20 163:25

182:20 183:25

198:8 202:5

203:18 204:8
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234:25 246:20

253:20,22

261:16,19,23

262:10,12,21

263:2,7,8

264:5,6,14,18

265:11,19 266:2

268:16,24

281:25 282:4

297:19 300:7

Philadelphia's

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Philly's 263:17

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78:2

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152:21

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161:24

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Physicians 4:7

53:21

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268:16

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120:3

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Pierson 8:3,5

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282:9,15,21

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277:25

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33:16 56:17

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227:3

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Plaza 1:19

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19:20,21 20:20

48:21 85:8,9

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245:8 247:16

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30:10 142:17

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54:13,20 55:12

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106:7,20 144:21

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39:13 40:10

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147:19,21

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267:11

policy 78:21 87:23

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266:12 267:10

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poll 93:17 106:10

186:10

polled 187:2

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pollutants
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

81:11,15 82:5,14

83:9,12,15

162:16

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75:18 80:21

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112:10 117:20

118:16,25

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120:5,8,12

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148:19 154:22

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161:9,15

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239:3

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251:3,4,21

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286:19 288:5

293:7

300:13,16,19

301:13 302:25

303:2

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208:21

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213:19

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243:20

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301:3

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positioning 187:18

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140:14

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295:10 300:13

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119:13 120:20

130:3 136:9

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205:24 208:8,17

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105:11 249:12

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263:3,6,11,14,18

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103:3,6,8 115:2

116:21 119:23

122:4,5

140:23,25 144:7

154:20 185:17

187:5,15 208:10

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299:24

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200:2

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80:15

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43:14 130:24

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predicted 43:15

248:19,21 275:4

predicting 207:20

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predictions

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288:15

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238:14

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240:18

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61:3

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116:18 218:7

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Presbyterian

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47:21 52:9 198:6

221:24 224:7

235:7 262:14

289:8 301:2

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48:3 97:16 195:5

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76:13

preservation

73:13
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

preserve 14:24

109:16 111:12

236:9 282:10

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preserving 77:21

261:2

president 14:10

20:24 24:25

27:2,4,6,10 28:7

43:14 53:20,24

55:20 62:24

64:11 76:20,23

92:19 104:22

149:20 172:21

229:25 231:8

235:5 248:14

265:17

266:3,7,12 267:8

268:3 271:16

287:5 290:23

297:6

presidents 26:25

president's 125:17

Presidents 231:6

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presiding 12:16

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pressing 27:24

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pressure 198:21

251:6 272:3

pressures 116:19

208:20

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preventing 80:19

previous 61:10

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141:19 212:23

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previously 71:12

78:7 304:8

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41:12 51:22

55:12 56:14

66:22 67:17,19

70:5 75:8 89:9

90:21 92:2

94:4,21 107:11

178:24 215:18

217:11,15

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241:14,23 242:7

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prices 13:23 33:22

38:21 59:13 75:5

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94:22 95:6 96:12

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240:7 241:24

243:25 269:10

pricing 221:10

prides 54:9

primarily 34:25

131:20 155:14

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278:12

primary 60:20

81:9

principle 73:8

149:6

principles

59:20,22

prior 42:21 63:23

64:24

priorities 55:7

147:17 164:3

priority 105:20

pristine 27:25

Prius 54:10,13

106:3,4,6,7

142:15

202:17,18,20

203:24 204:20

293:9,13,21

296:19

private 86:9

162:25 212:17

238:14,17 241:4

251:10 267:14

privilege 235:7

prize 286:23

proactive 194:13

probably 86:2

178:14 229:15

problem 50:11

51:16 144:9

153:4 162:3

199:3 211:25

212:6 248:2

303:24

problems 118:2

144:8 152:9

161:15 162:21

163:20 164:18

181:17 182:4

212:18 225:13

257:22 299:14

procedures 35:17

82:15 128:3,7,22

proceedings

19:6,23

process 13:3 18:9

34:10,11,18

62:17 121:19

133:5 215:5

240:18

produce 32:18

93:6 102:3,15

111:14 125:20

136:2 231:13

291:21 298:6

produced 126:7

producer 267:6

produces 208:12

producing 100:18

103:25 111:4

148:20 178:15

product 24:6 31:5

33:16 58:10,19

60:11 78:3

101:12,13,18

105:15 107:8

174:3 207:12

production 31:14

35:24 41:7 47:10

53:7,11,13 60:2

71:9 94:9 103:17

111:18 133:21

182:4,8 214:6

249:3 258:11

288:17

products 31:19,24

32:17 121:18

146:14 203:2

205:15

professional 1:23

56:7,16 151:25

170:20

professor 51:11

214:17

220:11,13

239:15

profitable 197:7

303:7

profits 116:21

227:15

profound 259:17

300:21

profoundly 117:2

program 13:13

14:2,5,11,18,21

29:9 30:21 38:7

40:23 52:5 55:6

57:17,22,24

58:13,14 59:18

60:20 72:3,7,12

73:14 74:6

77:19,25

78:6,9,11,13

79:18,25 92:22

111:12,17

125:19 134:9,17

135:17 136:16

139:2 176:16

206:14,22

210:5,17

216:9,18 219:14

245:21 248:2,25

249:9 287:20

288:11

programmer

143:12
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

programs 14:9

37:9 41:23

198:11 209:16

215:12

progress 25:19

40:24 69:21

74:12 147:10

218:13

progressive

192:16 245:15

progressives 47:2

prohibition

136:23

Project 3:20

46:22,23

projected 13:13

26:22 41:17,21

58:7 181:10

243:16

289:12,18

projections 92:5

243:12

projects 41:10

71:4 251:7,11

prolong 260:11

promise 27:10

28:18

promises 248:25

promising 68:19

promote 108:9

112:12 193:22

225:8 234:12

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promoting 112:2

125:23 128:18

promotion 258:4

promulgate 82:12

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promulgation 42:9

proof 152:15

propagated

260:17

proper 59:17

240:13 241:21

properly 82:16

207:15

property 238:14

proponents 94:24

232:12

proportional

38:18

proposal 1:2,18

13:5,25 14:13

15:10,21 17:14

20:4 21:9 22:13

23:11 24:18

30:20 34:4 35:16

37:5,7,23

39:5,23 40:6

42:13 73:8,15

74:5 77:12 82:14

93:3 94:25 95:10

99:25 100:3

101:23

105:4,6,7,16

125:13 126:19

132:13 134:15

138:9 139:19

140:13 176:4

201:6 215:11

218:16 256:5

267:3 268:25

286:18 290:14

291:22

proposals 112:24

240:20 285:22

proposal's 94:14

218:20

propose 62:4

268:2

proposed 13:8

14:23,25 16:17

17:3,7,12,16,19,

22 24:7 25:16

26:12 28:25

30:25 32:5 33:10

34:2,5,21 39:17

43:9 54:5,18

57:19 58:4,12

59:18 60:22

61:2,16,25 63:6

65:16 68:22

69:20,24 70:15

71:3,24 72:15

74:7 75:10 78:25

81:2,9,18

82:6,11 83:5

87:15 91:10,18

92:6 98:23

100:24 104:13

106:13 107:5,17

108:3 109:20,24

110:7 113:4

116:18,25

117:25 118:13

119:8,14

125:16,22 126:4

127:10,13 130:2

133:8 134:18

135:5,12 136:22

137:5 138:14,21

139:12

150:10,25 161:7

162:15 163:18

165:7,25 167:25

168:9,13,25

183:2 187:21

192:13,24

193:22 194:12

198:13 200:22

206:3,6 207:25

208:5,16 213:11

214:23 215:4

216:11 217:4,23

219:18 220:5

221:3 223:6

224:5,6,8,21

225:3,7 236:5,23

237:4,13,17

239:2,6 240:3

241:6 243:4

244:20 247:25

249:25 255:19

260:14

266:8,10,18,24

269:11 270:2

271:20

287:7,11,16

288:4 290:5

300:11 301:15

proposing 23:22

29:13 39:9 143:6

186:17 218:12

235:6

propped 259:25

prospective 93:5,9

94:20 96:7

97:7,9,21 98:8

prosperity 187:8

213:16 214:9

protect 47:9 51:14

57:6 80:14 83:3

111:21 150:15

161:16 163:18

209:8 213:22

234:11 236:9

238:4 243:20

250:18 258:14

260:16,20

270:19 274:4

protecting 149:3

239:3 256:7

protection 12:13

37:2 52:3 80:24

109:7 113:14

116:21 125:11

134:8 207:23

225:23 266:9

290:11

protocol 190:9

proud 25:10

160:20 191:19

226:5 256:20

proudly 199:17

proven 241:19

proverb 268:15

provide 15:10,19

21:2 22:20 23:19

24:5 26:22 30:10

36:11 41:20 56:6

57:8 59:17

68:9,23 72:11,25

74:16 90:11

98:7,22 100:3

101:20,23

104:12 108:7

110:18 111:7

125:7 127:16

134:14,23
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

135:18,25

136:6,11 148:11

165:13 166:2

206:15,24

209:9,24 239:25

286:20 287:7,17

296:3

provided 14:17

18:10 22:13

66:4,21 71:15

provides 16:25

17:21 21:22

30:20 33:15

39:6,23 60:17

66:20 73:18 90:6

103:19 123:12

135:23 146:24

167:25 223:9

providing 23:19

24:2 71:25 74:25

103:5 125:12

134:11 193:23

205:17 218:9

226:19 258:2

268:9 277:10

Province 170:24

provision 218:21

provisions 22:14

34:5 60:22 72:8

73:12 135:14

206:11 215:11

218:16

prudent 234:7

psyches 191:10

psychotherapist

121:10

public 1:1,17,24

12:1,9,21 13:1

14:1

15:1,11,12,19

16:1 17:1,2,22

18:1 19:1,10

20:1 21:1 22:1

23:1 24:1 25:1

26:1 27:1

28:1,13 29:1,23

30:1 31:1 32:1

33:1 34:1,9 35:1

36:1 37:1 38:1

39:1 40:1 41:1

42:1 43:1

44:1,10 45:1

46:1 47:1 48:1

49:1 50:1 51:1

52:1 53:1,24

54:1 55:1

56:1,22 57:1,7

58:1 59:1 60:1

61:1 62:1 63:1

64:1 65:1 66:1

67:1 68:1 69:1

70:1 71:1 72:1

73:1 74:1 75:1

76:1 77:1 78:1

79:1 80:1 81:1

82:1 83:1,18

84:1,5 85:1 86:1

87:1 88:1,16,20

89:1 90:1 91:1

92:1 93:1 94:1

95:1,8 96:1,4

97:1 98:1 99:1

100:1 101:1

102:1 103:1

104:1 105:1

106:1 107:1

108:1 109:1

110:1,24 111:1

112:1 113:1,8

114:1,21

115:1,22,25

116:1,25 117:1

118:1 119:1

120:1 121:1

122:1,19 123:1

124:1 125:1,4,12

126:1 127:1

128:1 129:1

130:1 131:1

132:1 133:1

134:1 135:1

136:1 137:1

138:1 139:1

140:1 141:1

142:1 143:1,18

144:1 145:1,25

146:1 147:1,15

148:1 149:1

150:1 151:1

152:1 153:1

154:1 155:1

156:1 157:1

158:1 159:1

160:1 161:1

162:1 163:1

164:1 165:1,6

166:1 167:1

168:1 169:1

170:1 171:1

172:1 173:1

174:1 175:1

176:1,19 177:1

178:1 179:1

180:1,24 181:1

182:1 183:1

184:1 185:1

186:1 187:1

188:1 189:1

190:1 191:1

192:1 193:1

194:1 195:1

196:1 197:1

198:1,15,16

199:1,24 200:1

201:1,18 202:1

203:1 204:1

205:1 206:1

207:1 208:1

209:1 210:1

211:1 212:1,17

213:1 214:1

215:1,8 216:1

217:1 218:1

219:1 220:1

221:1 222:1

223:1 224:1

225:1 226:1

227:1 228:1

229:1 230:1

231:1 232:1,21

233:1 234:1

235:1 236:1

237:1 238:1

239:1,22 240:1,7

241:1 242:1,11

243:1 244:1

245:1 246:1

247:1 248:1

249:1 250:1

251:1,9 252:1

253:1 254:1

255:1 256:1

257:1 258:1

259:1 260:1

261:1 262:1

263:1 264:1

265:1 266:1

267:1 268:1

269:1 270:1

271:1 272:1

273:1 274:1

275:1 276:1

277:1,9,14 278:1

279:1 280:1,17

281:1 282:1

283:1 284:1

285:1 286:1

287:1 288:1

289:1 290:1,7

291:1 292:1

293:1 294:1

295:1 296:1

297:1 298:1

299:1 300:1

301:1 302:1

303:1 304:1

305:4

publications

165:19

publicly 22:3

231:24

public's 95:9

published 40:8

62:18 211:13

220:16

Pulitzer 286:23

pull 200:6 297:23

pulmonary 301:7

pulmonologist

152:2

pump 75:12 76:6

109:15 110:19

118:18 119:3

127:14 166:17

193:9 217:6

245:25

pumps 262:18

purchase 15:2

51:8 63:17 66:15

193:6 202:25
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

217:14 223:11

241:23

purchased 32:20

204:20 229:3,6

265:12

purchaser 94:21

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93:5,9 96:7

97:7,9,21,25

98:8

purchases 52:5

95:2 242:4

purchasing 229:19

purpose 84:3

171:3 238:23

pursue 58:18

234:12

pursuing 62:10

106:18 136:12

push 76:15 128:20

166:6

pushed 161:25

pushing 191:21

puts 215:14

putting 29:21

116:20 131:23

132:21 141:25

158:7 168:5

210:12 215:24

231:12 258:15

264:15 268:4

303:10 304:2

Pyrch 6:15

140:19,20

Q

Quaker 163:24

164:2,6 273:20

Quaking 289:11

qualify 95:17

219:11

quality 12:12 32:2

57:4 103:19

109:6 111:7

138:10

139:23,24 159:6

160:4 161:19

163:19 194:8

254:10 276:10

279:6,19 288:20

289:25

quantified 22:22

quantity 137:10

quarter 258:9

question 52:22

60:10 87:25 88:2

115:16 160:18

175:21 224:17

questions 20:9,12

52:19 85:5 98:12

124:7 151:15

187:24 261:7

quickly 63:4 78:3

103:8 120:4

167:8 200:20

278:15 279:23

quite 130:18

137:10

quote 35:4,6,8

51:4 125:19

198:25 220:23

221:4

quotes 125:21

R

Rabbi 112:22

252:5

rabbi's 127:4

race 113:22

116:22 168:6

198:15

Rachel 9:20

249:22 250:3

racing 161:17

rains 272:17

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112:3 127:20

240:20 283:21

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raising 184:19

186:15 241:9

296:2

rally 301:8

Ram 59:9

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32:9,20 38:4

72:2 115:25

134:14 165:9

169:6 219:7

230:11

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265:18 275:7

rapidly 209:18

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203:24

rate 39:9,13 40:11

41:9 62:9

70:12,20,23

71:2,13,22 74:15

221:24 224:9

rates 26:8

39:17,19 70:17

71:3 135:7

222:14,20

237:10 247:8

rather 45:24 46:2

94:10 100:9

145:9 164:19

166:16

172:11,18

238:13 291:18

rating 65:10

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165:14

rational 96:7

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RAV4 106:22

229:3,7,12

230:7,11

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reach 22:3 26:14

88:5

reached 32:16

reaching 58:7

126:11

readers 179:4

readily 97:11

reading 50:13

52:25 270:25

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ready 20:14,21

85:8 89:24 91:3

93:10 124:10

174:13 214:15

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84:23 97:9

146:24 178:24

234:3 239:5

242:7 250:16

258:8 296:4

realistic 247:14

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113:21

197:11,17

201:24 243:15

275:25 276:14

realize 196:8

200:23 253:11

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really 44:7 50:17

87:4 93:16

145:13 152:8

153:4,8 155:23

157:15 159:12

164:19 179:17

190:21 191:2

204:14 248:13

257:23 261:9

269:16 283:7,10

284:22 292:5

297:15 299:4

realm 109:25

real-world 94:18

108:8

reap 119:9,25

rear 46:2
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

reason 51:17,25

60:20 84:4

90:18,24 113:10

122:2 135:5

151:3 154:19

155:2 169:23

172:7 173:23

175:15 186:24

191:9 247:5,12

266:18 302:9,21

303:13 304:7

reasonable 19:17

66:22 72:17

82:18 243:12

reasonably 100:24

reasons 50:7 52:8

65:15 86:7 113:6

129:23 150:6

154:8,18 155:24

192:9 194:11

202:15 214:2

232:22 241:7

256:13 283:7

reassess 135:6

reassessment 79:5

Rebecca 2:12

16:23

rebuttals 19:3

recapture 102:19

received 141:16

receiving 14:13

23:15 141:19

recent 89:9 110:22

118:7 166:9

217:22 220:8

295:15

recently 15:18

40:8 51:20 58:25

114:10 117:25

161:22 184:10

186:3 192:4

220:16 223:2

227:9 270:17

286:24

reception 18:11,18

recess 180:16

recession

295:19,22

recharging 209:7

reclassify 219:3

recognition 23:25

207:25 236:19

242:11

recognize 27:9

29:6 41:13 43:11

47:6 72:19 99:23

150:14 238:15

273:21 278:20

280:22

recognized 27:2

62:4 77:13 90:11

152:17 205:21

209:4

recognizes 24:8

57:21 61:19

81:13 91:19

recognizing 72:17

recommend 23:3

267:3

recommendation

52:24

reconsider 35:24

137:8

record 18:25

19:4,15,22 67:24

82:10 131:8

207:6

272:15,17,20

273:2,6 284:14

305:9

recorded 131:11

246:16 273:3

recorder 20:18

recording 277:9

recoup 41:13

recovery 109:13

recreation 302:19

recreationally

289:23

recruits 46:25

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red 300:22

re-double 96:22

reduce 27:11

28:11,20 31:6,20

37:10 47:25

48:6,11 51:17

56:24 69:25

77:19 81:3

83:4,24 88:24

100:20 102:8

103:9,12

104:8,17 110:4

118:24 125:14

126:14 127:10

132:7,11 140:4

147:19,25

150:11,24

153:21 170:2,12

171:23 172:5,6

173:17 174:2,10

183:11 185:13

194:7 195:6

200:15,19

206:8,17 212:19

213:24 215:12

216:3,9,12

225:11 226:9

232:23 233:6,12

245:23 250:15

263:17 268:6

287:4 298:20

reduced 28:18

38:7,9,15,16,17

39:2 75:19 99:22

123:16,24

162:19 220:25

224:11 289:14

reduces 139:16

reducing 27:4

47:12 72:6 81:8

104:9 113:7

129:24 133:24

139:14 148:5,15

168:4 173:15

178:5 220:17

224:18 236:22

237:19,22 256:7

290:8

reduction 32:16

37:24,25 38:18

48:8 49:4 70:16

77:2 78:21 81:25

82:13 100:6

102:9 112:10

120:6 129:22

178:21 214:5

216:19

224:15,24

242:15 246:5

reductions 22:21

40:18 61:22

71:17 74:4 78:16

83:11 107:12

108:8 120:8

212:8 216:24

288:8 290:16

reeducation

121:13

reevaluate 128:2

refer 212:4

reference 127:22

references 61:23

referred 208:4

refine 78:6

refineries 103:21

189:18

refining 38:14

reflect 34:23 35:25

59:20 82:16

100:25 209:25

reflecting 239:21

280:4

reflects 59:24

100:16 274:16

reform 244:11

291:11

reforms 200:9

refrigerant 98:19

101:5,7,9,15,16

206:24

207:11,18,22

208:11,18,21
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

209:6

refrigerants 72:14

101:25 135:9

136:14

205:23,24 207:8

208:2,7,13

209:10,13,18

210:9

refugee 148:24

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refusing 275:19

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regard 44:15

137:5 150:17

206:11

regarding 17:2

34:6 63:16 98:23

249:25 277:13

regards 296:7

Rege 6:11

133:12,13

regenerative

102:17

regime 259:11

regimes 51:7,8

289:21

region 56:21 173:6

269:20

regional 108:21

regions 242:10

registration 19:7

regular 177:7

178:16

regularly 64:7

263:8

regulate 267:14

regulation 17:23

30:15 61:19

100:17 104:13

108:16 130:2

159:24 221:11

276:15 294:4

295:6

regulations 16:19

17:13,17,19 24:5

30:25 33:12

49:22 54:5,18

63:7 66:24 68:22

69:2 105:10,12

113:4,5

125:16,22

126:19

127:13,16

128:21

138:19,22

150:25

151:4,10,12

159:12 164:12

206:20 209:5

210:4 236:20

245:22 260:14

266:8 274:14

295:4,8,9 302:7

regulatory 17:9,20

30:8,22 57:16

104:23 128:15

209:8,16,19,23

215:5 218:24

240:23,24 241:3

reiterate 62:13

reject 28:8 66:18

rejected 266:7

rejection 238:13

271:12,16

related 17:7,14

20:9 270:6 273:8

305:12

relation 6:20

145:22

194:23,24

relationship 269:3

relative 34:21

relatively 83:11

152:10 167:5

225:12

relax 296:15

release 21:23 26:8

94:13 211:11

230:3

released 263:14

releasing 199:6

relentlessly 199:4

relevant 212:9

241:3

reliability 64:17

165:15 274:21

reliance 215:20,24

232:23 243:9

266:17

reliant 228:7

relied 215:6

relief 80:20 110:19

religion 236:25

238:6

religions 236:2

238:3

religious 115:24

121:5 141:4

236:18,24

237:16 239:8

rely 38:25 86:9

155:14 226:17

remain 15:16

29:24 68:4

126:16 173:9

258:12

remained 89:20

remaining 241:8

remains 83:10

103:24 107:10

137:15 301:13

remarkable 44:7

81:7

remarkably 222:5

remarks 3:3 16:7

18:16 19:4 24:16

remediation

302:11

remember 84:22

157:11 159:17

172:20 293:3

298:7

remind 18:16 84:4

reminded 20:11

reminder 27:21

remove 221:14

removed 103:25

renewable 55:8

183:13

repair 244:12

repeat 85:18

131:17 239:6

292:9

repeatedly 88:2

repetitious 19:16

replacement 102:6

replaces 263:12

replicate 290:19

reply 279:22

report 94:17

110:22 113:2

118:7 217:22

reported 1:23

247:2

reporter 1:24

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Capital Reporting Company

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Capital Reporting Company

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Capital Reporting Company

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26:13,14,20,22

27:9,11 28:17,25

29:8,13,21,24

30:25

33:15,18,24

34:3,8,11,14

38:25 39:24

40:25 42:10

49:3,5 50:6,15

51:17 52:24 55:3

56:7 57:10,24

58:5,20 60:7,18

61:3,6,10,11

63:11 65:16

69:24 70:8 73:21

74:25

75:10,17,22 77:2

81:3,6,18,20

83:5,21,22,24

86:14 89:2,6

90:2,9

91:10,12,24

92:10 99:2

100:24 106:13

107:5,17

109:10,18,20,24,

25 110:10

112:15

117:14,25

118:4,13,19,23

119:4,9,11,14,15

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120:2,9,12,15

121:22 126:4

127:10

128:10,23

132:23

134:18,22

135:7,20 136:18

138:2,3,14

139:13 141:11

143:6 144:12,17

145:4,12 146:5

147:4,10 148:13

149:4,15 154:5

155:4 156:8

161:8 162:15

165:7,25

166:6,7,11,19

167:19 168:22

169:2 180:25
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

183:2,4,8,15,16,

18 184:3,18,21

185:12,16,20,23

186:12,16,23,25

187:5,11,13,21

192:13,24,25

193:22

194:2,4,12 196:4

197:4,10,15,17

198:13 200:4,22

201:8 202:6

208:15 210:25

212:11 214:25

215:4,10

216:3,11

217:5,18,23

218:7,13,19,22

219:2,19,24

220:5,6 221:3,21

222:23

223:7,13,17,18

224:2,8,21,23

225:7,14 226:4

231:25 232:17

233:5,6 234:2

235:6,24

236:6,23

237:4,13,17

239:2,7 240:4,21

241:2,13,19

243:6,13,19

244:3,9,13,17,20

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249:14,20

250:2,16

251:2,21 253:13

254:16 255:5,11

265:15,17

266:11,19

267:3,4,10,23

268:2,25

269:11,15,24

270:2 271:20

274:8 276:2

278:17 279:25

280:3,6,9

282:11,19,25

283:7,20,21

287:10,11,16

288:3,4 294:25

295:14 296:2

298:13,24

300:11,19

302:5,8

303:8,12,16

304:2,7,12

standpoint 115:17

Star 123:25

stars 140:8

start 31:14 39:12

48:10 53:18

124:11 179:24

180:19 200:9

202:16 230:19

231:11 269:25

282:23 285:20

started 20:16 43:3

89:24 150:17

157:24 188:9

281:20

Starting 31:8

starvation 182:5

state 14:9,15 19:20

20:5 29:6 33:4

43:14 49:18,21

51:5 68:3 78:12

79:24 92:18

116:13 126:23

134:3 146:4

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288:25 289:6,13

state-based 117:11

stated 50:7 147:18

198:23

statement 17:16

53:4 171:3

253:21 295:13

statements

19:15,18 20:12

284:14

states 29:7 36:22

44:17 45:15,18

46:7 47:8,15

54:14 69:14

70:22 71:23

72:15,19 73:15

74:14 82:4

105:13 110:5,12

111:6,17 113:8

116:12,14 122:5

125:10 131:20

132:3 148:11

156:4 157:10

158:14 170:8,21

172:14 180:23

186:6 190:12

194:20 205:21

226:6,8 247:24

249:6 256:23

283:18 289:4

290:13

station 184:15

191:9 203:23

stations 3:18

42:20,23

45:12,15,17

46:12,13 55:6

statistic 84:24

243:3

statistics 285:13

status 289:22

statutory 61:9

Stavens 222:3

stay 91:19 184:12

279:3,19

staying 48:20

110:20 226:20

steadily 103:16

steady 90:13 96:12

226:17

steady-but-slow

109:13

steel 68:14,15

steering 28:10

177:10

stem 125:16 212:8

292:17

stems 258:16

step 28:24 48:10

54:7 69:20 74:12

76:4 83:6 117:16

118:2 125:25

132:15 134:15

139:14

144:15,16 146:8

149:3 155:8

198:14 200:23

212:11 219:20

239:4 248:7

251:19 256:6

282:11,12

303:17

Stephen 2:7

stepping 29:20

steps 73:13 76:2

188:14 200:5

213:15 226:9

245:15 282:13

295:10

Stern 9:10 214:18

220:23 221:4

224:13

228:19,20

Steven 9:10 16:3

214:17 228:19

steward 238:4,22

stewards 268:12

stewardship 164:2

239:5

Stewart 4:20

80:4,5,7 127:23

sticker 90:18

241:14

sticks 271:17

stimulate 268:8

Stockton 230:13

stone's 256:21

Stones 43:4

stood 76:23 77:3

stop 26:11 115:2

270:22

stop-and-go

263:23

stopped 188:21

199:24

stopping 211:8

stories 113:15

256:12
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

storms 273:16

284:21

story 113:19,20

114:3,10,11,18

142:10 252:5

straight 18:22

Strait

173:10,13,22,24

strange 269:5

stranglehold

55:19

strategically 57:6

strategies 23:12

24:2 36:25

strategy 30:8 31:5

32:24 36:3

106:13 242:16

252:25 253:2,10

stream 203:12

streams 131:19

160:4,6

street 1:20 188:15

204:8

strengthen 109:16

112:10 126:19

143:3 217:18

260:25

strengthened

119:16 185:16

strengthening

126:9 211:17

251:16 267:22

stress 151:7 153:9

245:10 288:19

stressed 131:22

248:13 288:16

289:18

stressors 131:22

stress-related

181:22

stretch 274:14

Stricker 5:13

104:20,21,22

strict 86:14 123:11

stricter 128:20

300:18

stride 65:25

strike 19:15

strikingly 260:6

stringencies 135:6

219:7

stringency 194:4

280:12

stringent 71:2

81:2 134:19

stroke 230:2

strokes 163:9

strong 29:21,24

59:22 73:18 83:4

91:4 99:10

109:17 110:10

112:9,15 119:12

127:16 138:25

141:11 150:10

160:22 161:7

166:10 184:17

186:11,24

197:14 206:15

215:9 218:22

220:6 225:15

226:3,4,10

232:11,22

235:23 244:21

303:8 304:2

stronger 187:11

268:25 297:23

strongest 120:18

274:7

strongly 25:16

35:23 59:10

70:25 109:19

121:22 122:24

133:8 147:18

151:9 175:11

198:12 200:21

214:23 228:16

267:2 295:7

structured 108:12

218:21

structures 177:11

struggle 109:12

struggled 275:11

stubborn 114:20

294:13

stuck 196:16

students 280:17,21

281:25 283:25

285:24

studies 170:5,6

182:17 224:12

271:4

studying 257:19

stuff 189:11

sturdy 265:7

styling 64:17

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subject 50:14

235:25

subjected 161:19

submersion

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submit 19:3 25:14

79:20

submitted 39:6

70:9 171:2

submitting 24:17

suboptimal 222:16

subscribers

165:18

subsequent 182:23

subsidies 32:23

substance 137:13

substantial 24:4

66:12 110:18

134:24 135:3

136:9 207:17

substantially

33:23 67:16

81:24 162:15

236:22 237:13

substitute 152:14

209:3

suburb 149:22

suburbs 129:12

154:14

subway 142:13

succeed 88:2

success 13:25 33:2

106:17 109:24

125:23 290:4

successes 83:7

177:12

successful 160:22

183:14

successfully

107:23 276:25

Sudan 284:19

sudden 188:16

suddenly 158:3

Sue 10:10 261:13

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sued 229:24

suffer 76:8 80:11

86:11 124:22,23

142:3 162:3

253:23

sufferer 76:7

suffering 142:4

301:6

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suggest 179:6

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127:24

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sum 210:15 263:16

summary 74:9

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225:6
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

summer 15:21

105:9 120:19

161:13 182:7

229:2,6 244:22

271:12 272:15

273:5 297:20

summers 114:12

summit 140:21

190:8

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supercapacitors

102:16

suppliers 111:6

133:18 184:22

249:4

supplies 51:14

258:14

supply 87:21

106:16 148:12

160:7 167:12

184:24 226:17

228:9

252:18,19,21,22

302:9 304:7

supplying 78:10

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17:10 22:8,13

25:16 34:18,21

37:6 42:12 48:20

52:8,9,14 59:19

61:3 62:13 65:15

71:19,23 72:15

73:5,8,15

74:4,24 76:25

77:11 82:11,15

88:17,25 89:3

91:21 99:25

101:25 104:12

105:16 109:2

113:4 116:17,18

120:15 123:21

129:25 135:5,11

136:17 138:9,25

140:3 147:18

149:14 150:10

158:25 165:7

166:10,20

168:25 170:20

174:14 175:11

184:19 185:19

186:15

192:13,23

194:11 198:12

200:21 201:6

206:13 209:8

210:24

211:18,20 214:2

218:22 221:12

225:7,14 226:19

231:24

234:2,14,21

235:24 237:4

239:11 255:12

256:18 260:14

268:24 270:2

274:12 277:9

282:4 283:22

295:13 304:13

supported 14:19

22:6 61:7 126:20

235:11

supporter 139:11

161:7 197:14

supporters 25:9

109:2 214:22

supporting 17:13

44:24 59:15

146:2 151:3

176:16 213:23

238:24

supports 22:12

37:8 40:2 58:14

59:10 60:20

61:15 92:22

105:5 107:20

108:6 109:19

123:9 133:8

137:22 207:24

210:15 214:23

258:24

suppose 241:23

277:24

sure 52:11,15

85:16 100:13

113:16 115:4

129:15,21

165:11 170:16

185:4 197:10

253:8 272:7

279:4 299:9

301:8

surely 262:9

275:14

surplus 21:15

222:18

surprising 126:18

153:3

Surprisingly

277:22

survey 93:17

166:9,18 186:3

surveys 176:13

survival 279:18

Susan 7:18 10:12

180:19,21

280:20

Susanna 11:6

281:14 283:5

susceptible 215:11

suspect 278:23

Susquehanna

131:8

sustain 57:4

226:18 257:25

258:2 269:21

sustainability

54:10 64:9 68:21

77:16,17

150:18,20

232:13 234:15

sustainable 75:2

76:3 213:3

220:18 232:9

sustained 240:14

257:6

SUV 196:25 243:2

SUVs 14:22 89:17

242:22

sweat 114:5

297:12

swiftly 274:4

Switzerland

156:14

synthetic 102:11

system 27:22

72:11 105:14

135:22

136:11,13 138:9

208:10 219:13

258:24 259:4

262:4

systems 101:11,22

102:18 107:22

182:14 205:25

206:16

208:20,23

223:22

238:19,21

251:12

T

table 18:11,19

19:7 190:3 240:5

291:4 292:15

tackle 76:4 117:17

245:16

tailpipe 44:19

79:13 237:6

240:9

taking 16:15 121:7

171:13 176:19

183:18 192:17

214:3 228:25

231:11 250:9

251:18 256:14

261:8 285:11

286:2

talk 21:10 96:19

178:9 247:23

254:18 284:23

302:3

talked 51:20 95:23

174:18 253:24

talking 156:23

178:8 196:25

197:2

talks 51:12
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

Tamm 2:11 16:22

tampered 294:5

tangible 75:23

tank 169:20

tanker 38:10

tankers 38:19

tanks 109:12

tar 27:20 28:3

198:18,24

target 21:16

66:7,10,17

166:21 180:3,5

210:7 219:6

227:11

targets 32:5 33:16

34:22 88:5

168:8,9,13

171:13

task 21:5 161:24

303:20

taught 192:6

tax 44:12 45:3,20

50:22 221:10

taxes 57:5 244:6

taxi 10:5

261:19,21,22,25

262:7,11,18,21

263:13,21,24

264:2,6,13

265:3,19

taxicab 262:8

taxis 263:2,5 265:8

taxpayers

150:2,9,13

teach 96:23,24

236:7 238:3

teaches 236:25

teaching 192:10

teachings 113:13

239:7

team 16:8 207:9

teammate 260:4

tear 244:10

tears 297:12

technical 17:10

25:14 99:24

104:22 107:4

110:16 156:16

210:3 215:7

276:21

technically 70:23

280:9

techniques 55:15

technological 66:2

67:8,14,20

225:16 268:9

291:8 294:11

technologies

22:23,25

24:10,11 31:24

32:6,17,21 33:6

35:12,20 36:7

38:25 39:22

41:15 53:6,9,12

59:16 62:3,11

65:18 66:24 68:6

71:18 72:2,18

73:3 90:10,12

92:6 99:12

100:25

102:13,17

106:19

107:16,24 123:7

136:8

138:10,13,15

144:24 166:12

167:15,16,22

168:3,12

171:5,22 172:3

174:12,17

206:21 207:2

216:25 221:13

222:6 249:8

technology 13:17

22:15,18

23:4,6,16,19

26:13 33:22

35:18 36:2 41:11

59:5,8,25

60:6,19 62:8

66:21 71:20

75:14 76:11 79:6

99:20 100:11

102:22

105:14,25

107:11

108:10,12

111:5,11,15,19

112:5,12 121:17

127:19

134:13,20

135:7,24 136:2,6

144:18,21

147:11 158:17

177:20 205:18

206:19,24

209:24 217:8,10

230:5 233:20

243:9 246:7

274:17 276:10

280:10

teenager 195:13

temperature

131:6,12,25

181:14,23

272:24 273:3

274:25

temperatures

82:25 102:4

103:5 130:25

131:21 289:21

Temple 220:14

ten 63:12 173:17

174:10 178:23

179:13,23 186:5

193:11 219:5

226:12 231:5

255:6 263:9

295:24

tend 167:6

tendency 155:16

tends 179:18

ten-gram 23:4

tens 80:12

term 204:22 205:4

225:12,13

terms 53:12 88:7

147:5,6

164:13,14,15

177:25 223:21

297:11

terrified 143:18

territories 36:22

territory 84:11

terrorism 215:17

terrorists 228:12

Tesla 106:23

test 22:17 35:17

137:20 293:14

testament 122:17

testified 143:16

176:20 237:5

testifier 3:7 4:4 5:3

6:3 7:2 275:10

testify 12:18

18:7,17,19 25:11

37:4 42:14

74:19,24 85:15

98:11 104:25

108:15 120:21

141:13 143:7

163:16 165:5

239:10 262:5

286:17

testifying 25:13

84:3 185:4 201:5

266:10

testimony 13:4

18:13 20:10

36:11 39:6

85:6,19 124:9

127:22 145:18

151:16 155:13

158:23 161:9

175:24 176:2

198:6 202:17

206:3 207:5

252:4,9 261:5

304:15 305:9

testing 82:15

128:3,7,22

137:6,13 165:3

179:10

tests 61:21 165:10

Texas 116:13
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

182:7 273:8

textbook 239:17

Thailand 273:10

thank 12:24

16:10,15

24:19,21,23

29:20 30:3,4

36:15 37:3

42:3,15,16

46:17,18

49:9,10,13,15

52:17,18

53:14,19 55:25

56:2 57:12,13

62:19,20 69:6,8

74:20,23

76:16,17

80:2,3,5

85:4,6,7,10

87:5,7,10

92:14,15

98:10,15,17,21

99:17

104:11,18,19,25

108:14,17

112:19,20,23

116:24,25

117:4,6

120:21,23

124:5,6,8 125:10

129:2,3 130:6,7

133:10,11 139:6

140:17,18

141:10,13

143:6,7,9

145:15,16,20

149:16,17,19

151:13,14,16,17

153:23,24

158:18,20

160:25 161:2

163:21

164:21,22,24

169:8,10

175:10,17,18,19

180:14 183:20

188:2

189:22,23,25

191:24,25

192:12

194:10,15,17

198:2,3,5 200:25

201:2,25 202:2,6

205:7

210:18,20,23

214:12,13,14

220:4,9,10,12

225:19,20,25

228:18

231:15,18,19,23

235:5,7,12,13

239:10,12

244:19,20,23

245:6

249:17,21,22,24

251:23

253:14,17

255:13,15,17

260:21

261:4,5,6,8,15

262:5

265:22,23,24

268:20,22

270:9,10

274:9,11

276:17,18

277:6,10 279:21

280:13,24

281:22

284:11,12

285:18,25

286:10,17

291:13 292:4,6,7

295:11,12

296:6,7 300:3,4

301:23

304:11,14

thankful 297:4

Thankfully 94:4

thanks 28:7 74:19

148:13 163:15

187:23

Thanksgiving

118:8,9,14

that's 14:13 44:8

46:3 50:17

88:2,7 131:4,15

132:5,10 133:8

151:6 154:17,18

156:24 174:22

175:8 189:16,18

195:4 197:16,24

200:12 203:3,17

204:2 216:15

224:2 229:20

230:23 231:13

240:16

270:19,20,23

272:4 277:21

278:20 279:12

284:7,25

292:19,25

293:24 294:11

295:21 296:24

299:22 302:7

theater 157:6

then-Governor

64:5

theoretically 55:11

thereafter 137:18

thereby 172:5

therefore 50:25

73:23 74:4 78:24

82:8 83:16

126:18 150:12

168:20 236:8

there's 15:8 20:3

44:5,11,20

132:10 176:15

179:6 197:23

204:7 265:10

296:16 297:19

302:11 303:18

the-then 222:24

they'd 166:15

they'll 90:8 145:3

272:4

they're 20:6

50:21,22 88:6

93:10,13 119:19

159:22 168:10

175:25

176:11,13

178:15 189:5,15

231:10 277:19

278:10,11,13

282:11 283:3

they've 91:2 114:2

277:4

third 15:13 41:25

90:2 151:3 192:7

200:15

221:14,19 227:6

238:3 273:6

thirst 48:11

thirty-six 272:20

thistles 114:8

Thomas 11:14

286:23

Thoresen 3:19

46:19,20,21

thorns 114:7

thorough 110:16

thoroughly 64:15

thoughtful 244:2

253:10

thoughts 21:11

176:24

thousand 120:14

262:18 263:14

thousands 84:14

87:17 110:14

126:12 139:20

169:4 248:25

255:24 260:18

threat 141:3 171:8

172:6 173:22

215:16 256:7

258:16 259:16

275:6 294:20

295:5

threaten 244:3

267:19 295:5

threatened 232:24

233:3 251:12

256:4 288:18

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threatening

246:13 284:22

threatens 47:22

201:11,12

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threats 47:7 251:9
Capital Reporting Company

(866) 448 - DEPO www.CapitalReportingCompany.com

260:16

three-percent

224:9

thresholds 35:24

36:4 61:25

thrilled 274:21

throughout 45:9

62:17 115:19

210:11 215:5

246:16

throw 203:16

204:10 256:21

THURSDAY 12:3

thus 23:8 40:15

66:25 168:4

244:13

thyroid 188:25

tide 292:17

tied 56:14,15

Tier 83:20 138:18

Tiffner 259:21

tight 184:7 295:8

tighten 162:23

timer 18:14

timid 179:18

tiny 298:10

tips 187:16

tired 144:4 184:23

tires 103:11

177:10

title 118:7

today 12:10,16,19

13:4 14:14 15:24

16:16 18:25

24:20,24 25:8,11

30:10 43:5 57:19

64:10 66:9

69:7,13 70:15

77:11 80:6 82:9

83:5 84:3

87:8,14 91:14

101:8 103:23

104:25 105:5

115:3,19 117:14

118:13 120:22

121:8 138:24

141:14 143:22

144:24 145:23

146:10 147:12

150:15 161:9

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ultimately 105:16

150:11 185:13

234:16 238:11

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Victoria 262:8,18

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vital 34:4 50:5,25

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VOCs 81:25 84:2

voice 141:9 192:13

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volatile 81:22

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volume 35:24

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vote 283:25

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we'll 46:6 53:18

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116:2 180:19

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299:20 304:9

well-being 182:16

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West 45:5,7 46:8

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whenever 142:17

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wife's 195:15

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68:8 79:17 99:19

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121:21 129:9

130:10 134:7

138:17 160:20

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170:4 172:11

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264:22

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works 235:19

world 22:20 45:9

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77:15 91:13,15

111:18 115:4,20

126:17 130:22

141:15 142:6

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In The Matter Of:

Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas

Emissions

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards

January 19, 2012

REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC

Certified & Registered Professional Reporters

Cherry Hill -- Philadelphia -- Trenton

(888) 795-2323

www.ReportingAssociates.com

Original File 0119epa.txt

Min-U-Script® with Word Index
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

1

 PUBLIC HEARING FOR PROPOSED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

 STANDARDS AND FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY

 VEHICLES IN MODEL YEARS 2017-2025

 JANUARY 19, 2012

 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

 EVENING SESSION

 REPORTED BY:

 Cherilyn M. McCollum

 CCR No. 2094, RPR

 Sean M. Fallon

 CCR No. 840, RPR, RMR
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

2

 1 TRANSCRIPT of the PUBLIC HEARING,

 2 EPA/NHTSA PROPOSAL, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

 3 STANDARDS AND FUEL ECONOMY STANDARDS FOR LIGHT-DUTY

 4 VEHICLES IN MODEL YEARS 2017-2025, held at the

 5 Crowne Plaza Philadelphia Downtown, 1800 Market

 6 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, commencing at

 7 4:48 p.m., on January 19, 2012, heard before the

 8 Government Panel of EPA/NHTSA, reported by Cherilyn

 9 M. McCollum, Certified Court Reporter No. 2094, RPR,

10 and Sean M. Fallon, Certified Court Reporter No.

11 840, RPR, RMR.

12

13

14 EPA PANEL MEMBERS:

15 MARGO OGE

16 CHET FRANCE

17 STEVEN SILVERMAN

18

19 NHTSA PANEL MEMBERS:

20 RON MEDFORD

21 JIM TAMM

22 REBECCA YOON

23

24

25
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 I N D E X

 TESTIFIER PAGE

 PANEL 9:

 Thomas Huynh 8

 City of Philadelphia

 Director of Air Management Programs

 Alissa Burger 12

 PennFuture Energy Center

 Program Associate

 Mary Felley 15

 League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania

 Meredith Montalto 16

 Pew Clean Energy Program

 Pennsylvania Representative

 Janet Cooke 20

 Citizen

 Thomas Smith 24

 Citizen

 Jeanette MacNeille 27

 Millbourne Borough Council

 President

 PANEL 10:

 Erica Dowell 30

 Small Business Majority

 Network Coordinator

 Kesaaraa Wijeyewickrema 33

 Sierra Club

 Mona Sarfaty, M.D. 35

 Citizen

 Rev. Robert McClellan 39

 Tabernacle United Church

 Pastor
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 I N D E X (Continued)

 TESTIFIER PAGE

 Colleen Kennedy 41

 Citizen

 Paul Greene 46

 Citizen

 Joy Bergey 49

 Center for the Celebration of Creation

 Executive Director

 PANEL 11:

 L. Matthew Schwartz, M.D. 53

 Citizen

 Charlie Bugg 57

 Citizen

 Donna McKee 59

 Citizen

 Rosa Michnya 63

 Citizen

 Miriam Schaefer 69

 Citizen

 Jay Butera 71

 Citizen

 Steve Harvey 77

 Citizen

 Meryl Wasilewski 80

 Citizen

 PANEL 12:

 John Colgan-Davis 85

 Citizen

 Arretta Keefer 90

 Citizen
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 I N D E X (Continued)

 TESTIFIER PAGE

 Jim Black 94

 Citizen

 Carol Weinbaum 96

 Citizen

 William Kramer 99

 Sierra Club

 Andrew Blum 102

 Conservation Pennsylvania

 Katy Wich 106

 Citizen

 Jonathan Katz 109

 Citizen

 Ardra Farally 111

 Citizen

 PANEL 13:

 Larry Arrigale 116

 Citizen, for Rev. Douglas B. Hunt

 Charlotte Glauser 118

 Citizen

 Lynnette Saunders 121

 Citizen

 Mary Alice Cicerale 123

 Citizen

 David Henderson 125

 Citizen

 Marja Kaisla 128

 Citizen

 Cathie Forman 135

 Citizen
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 I N D E X (Continued)

 TESTIFIER PAGE

 John Comella 138

 Citizen

 Diane Pugh 141

 Penn Environment

 Beatrice Santorini 147

 Citizen

 PANEL 14:

 Rita Varley 150

 Citizen

 Sr. Mary Elizabeth Clark 153

 Citizen

 Virgil Lawson 156

 Citizen

 Lynn Godmilow 158

 Citizen

 Katie Margillo 162

 Citizen

 Zachary Monteith 164

 Citizen

 Lisa Rosen 165

 Citizen

 Jim Blumenstock 170

 Citizen

 Gail Mershon 172

 Citizen

 Doug O'Malley 175

 Environmental New Jersey
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 I N D E X (Continued)

 TESTIFIER PAGE

 PANEL 15:

 Mike Tinker 180

 Citizen

 Don Halbert 183

 Citizen

 Rich Posmontier 184

 Citizen

 Noah Van Niel 186

 Citizen

 Deborah McIlvaine 189

 Citizen
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 1 MS. OGE: Okay. We'll start with

 2 Mr. Thomas Huynh. Welcome.

 3

 4 THOMAS HUYNH

 5 CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

 6 DIRECTOR OF AIR MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

 7

 8 MR. HUYNH: Good afternoon. My name

 9 is Thomas Huynh. I am a director for the

10 Philadelphia Department of Public Health's Air

11 Management Services division. On behalf of the City

12 Philadelphia I would like to thank the EPA, the

13 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for

14 holding this public hearing in Philadelphia on joint

15 proposal rule on 2017 and later model years

16 light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions and

17 Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards.

18 Air Management Services (AMS) is the

19 local pollution control agency for the City of

20 Philadelphia. AMS's mission is to protect the

21 health and quality of life of Philadelphians from

22 adverse health effects of air pollution. It

23 operates under the authority provided by the

24 Philadelphia Code, the Pennsylvania Air Pollution

25 Control Act, and the federal Clean Air Act. AMS'
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9

 1 programs include activities directed to prevention

 2 and control of air pollution and the air pollution

 3 nuisance, as required to achieve and maintain the

 4 National Ambient Air Quality Standards, reduce air

 5 toxics, and provide healthy air for Philadelphians.

 6 In recent years, AMS has participated

 7 in cooperative regional initiatives to promote

 8 energy efficiency and sustainability. These

 9 initiatives include the Cities for Climate

10 Protection Campaign for International Council for

11 Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI), the U.S.

12 Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement of U.S.

13 Conference of Mayors, and the Large Cities Climate

14 Leadership Group and Clinton Climate Initiative.

15 The EPA and National Highway Traffic

16 Safety Administration proposed rules will provide

17 significant benefits in term of criteria pollutant

18 emissions reductions, toxic air pollutant emissions

19 reductions, and near-roadway health impacts in

20 Philadelphia.

21 Philadelphia is in compliance with

22 the NAAQS for all criteria air pollutants, with the

23 exception of ozone and fine particulate. For 21

24 days in 2010, the airborne concentration of ozone

25 and fine particulate matter in Philadelphia were
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10

 1 high enough to warrant unhealthy rating under the

 2 EPA Air Quality Index. The 2005 National Air Toxics

 3 Assessment (NATA), released in March of 2011, show a

 4 total cancer rate of 58 in a million in

 5 Philadelphia. Philadelphia has 18 air toxics that

 6 exceed a one in a million risk, cancer risk, based

 7 on EPA's 2005 NATA and AMS' 2010 Air Monitoring

 8 Data. The top five air toxics include pollutants

 9 from mobile source: Formaldehyde, Benzene,

10 Acetaldehyde, 1,3-Butadiene, and Carbon

11 Tetrachloride. Based on the 2008 National Emissions

12 Inventory, emissions from mobile source in

13 Philadelphia account for 27 percent of nitrogen

14 oxides, 21 percent of Volatile Organic Compounds,

15 and 47 percent of carbon monoxide of all emission in

16 Philadelphia. Nationally, we know that emission

17 from mobile source account for 26 percent of total

18 cancer risk. The proposed rule would help reduce

19 the toxic air emissions due to a reduction in fuel

20 uses.

21 Ground level ozone is the pollutant

22 more often responsible for unhealthy air quality in

23 Philadelphia. Exposure to high level of ozone can

24 damage vegetation and can exacerbate cardiovascular

25 and respiratory ailments, and can reduce the life
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11

 1 expectancy in humans. The proposed rule will help

 2 reduce adverse health impacts near roadways due to

 3 reduction in tailpipe emission.

 4 Diesel emission are also a

 5 significant contributing factor in determining

 6 health risk from toxic emission. AMS works to

 7 promote emission reductions from diesel vehicles and

 8 to bring clean diesel technology to the Philadelphia

 9 area through the Philadelphia Diesel Difference, a

10 coalition of diverse stakeholders whose primary

11 purpose is to reduce air pollution associated with

12 diesel-powered engines in the greater Philadelphia

13 area. AMS also works on projects related to

14 sustainability, including anti-idling. The proposed

15 rule will help aid the City's work with the

16 Philadelphia Diesel Difference.

17 Thank you for the opportunity to

18 testify in support of the proposed rule. AMS

19 remains committed to protect the health, well-being,

20 and quality of life for the people who live, work,

21 and visit Philadelphia.

22 Thank you.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you.

24 Ms. Alissa Burger.

25
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12

 1 ALISSA BURGER

 2 PENN FUTURE ENERGY CENTER

 3

 4 MS. BURGER: Good afternoon.

 5 Citizens for Pennsylvania's Future, also more

 6 commonly known as PennFuture, is a statewide public

 7 interest membership organization working to enhance

 8 Pennsylvania's environment and economy, with offices

 9 in Harrisburg, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and

10 Wilkes-Barre. The PennFuture Energy Center for

11 Enterprise and the Environment appreciates the

12 opportunity to provide comments on the proposed

13 standards for light-duty vehicles for model years

14 2017-2025.

15 With cars and light trucks accounting

16 for nearly half of U.S. oil consumption and nearly

17 60 percent of all mobile source greenhouse gases,

18 the impact of making these vehicles more efficient

19 will deliver very tangible economic, public health,

20 environmental, and national security improvements,

21 all to the benefit of American citizens. And yet up

22 until 2010 the fuel economy standards for passenger

23 cars had remained stagnant for 24 years. Now is the

24 time to take action, and PennFuture supports the EPA

25 and NHTSA in doing so.
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13

 1 If finalized, this rule will

 2 stimulate the development of cleaner, more fuel

 3 efficient vehicles through innovation in the

 4 manufacturing sector as well as technological

 5 advances in vehicle components, such as air

 6 conditioning units. Such advancements in the

 7 automotive industry have the potential to stimulate

 8 domestic job growth. More specifically, these

 9 standards are anticipated to add 500,000 jobs

10 throughout industry sectors.

11 Transportation sources, including

12 light-duty vehicles, accounted for 28 percent of all

13 U.S. greenhouse gases in 2007, a rate that has

14 substantially increased since the early '90s. In

15 2030 alone greenhouse gas pollution could be reduced

16 by 290 million metric tons, which is equal in impact

17 to removing more than 40 million cars and trucks of

18 today's economy standards off the road for a year.

19 Pollution reduction significantly decreases the

20 number of pollution-related illnesses and death.

21 The net social benefits offered by the continuation

22 of the National Program are undoubtedly significant.

23 These standards would achieve

24 significant strides in reducing our dependence on

25 oil. Since the Carter Administration first dealt
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14

 1 with foreign oil embargoes in the 1970s, reducing

 2 our dependence on oil from foreign countries has

 3 been a national priority. With the second phase of

 4 the National Program projected to save approximately

 5 4 billion barrels of oil, this is an opportunity the

 6 U.S. cannot afford to pass up.

 7 In addition to codifying standards

 8 for the auto manufacturing industry, generating

 9 environmental benefits, and strengthening national

10 security, the extension of the National Program will

11 save American families money. For many Americans,

12 transportation expenses are second to only housing.

13 Over the lifetime of the program, Americans can

14 expect a total of $1.7 trillion in fuel savings. In

15 passing the proposed standards, individual vehicle

16 owners of model years 2017 to 2025 can anticipate

17 the net savings of $4,000 over the lifetime of that

18 vehicle, not to mention the savings accrued monthly,

19 as Americans save at the gas pump.

20 While not every policy challenge can

21 be easily addressed and managed, the collaborative

22 and analytical efforts of the EPA, NHTSA, CARB, and

23 other stakeholders are to be commended for looking

24 to continue a program that offers such impactful

25 results. PennFuture strongly encourages EPA and
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15

 1 NHTSA to finalize these regulations as they are

 2 currently being proposed and not weaken the fuel

 3 economy or tailpipe standards in any way.

 4 Thank you very much.

 5 MS. OGE: Ms. Mary Felley. Good

 6 afternoon.

 7

 8 MARY FELLEY

 9 LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF PENNSYLVANIA

10

11 MS. FELLEY: Good afternoon. My name

12 is Mary Felley, and I'm a member of the League of

13 Women Voters of Pennsylvania. I'm reading a

14 statement on behalf of the League which was prepared

15 by Roberta Winters of the State Board, and I thank

16 you for this opportunity to provide input on this

17 critical issue.

18 Based on the League's national

19 position on air quality, we promote measures to

20 reduce pollution for mobile and stationary sources.

21 The proposed strengthening of fuel efficiency and

22 carbon pollution standards for new cars and trucks

23 is a significant step in the right direction.

24 Take a deep breath. The Philadelphia

25 region and Pennsylvania as a whole have the dubious
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16

 1 distinction of being among the smoggiest areas in

 2 our nation. Cleaner cars and trucks will make a

 3 difference. Their exhaust account for a third of

 4 the smog-forming nitrogen oxide emissions in our

 5 nation. Air pollution is also not confined by

 6 municipal or state boundaries. With road traffic

 7 continuing to increase along the Northeast Corridor

 8 and with industrial development occurring across

 9 rural areas of our commonwealth at a break-neck

10 rate, it is essential that stronger standards be

11 established as soon as possible.

12 The citizens of our commonwealth and

13 the nation are depending on you, the Environmental

14 Protection Agency, and NHTSA to safeguard our air

15 and protect people's health. With the alarming rise

16 of pollution-related asthma attacks, heart attacks,

17 and shortened lifespans, enacting these proposed

18 standards is truly a matter of life and breath.

19 Thank you.

20 MS. OGE: Thank you.

21 Ms. Meredith Montalto.

22

23 MEREDITH MONTALTO

24 PEW CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAM

25
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

17

 1 MS. MONTALTO: Thank you. My name is

 2 Meredith Montalto. I am the Pennsylvania

 3 representative for the Pew Clean Energy Program.

 4 The Pew Charitable Trust is pleased

 5 to comment on the proposed joint rule issued by the

 6 Environmental Protection Agency and Department of

 7 Transportation that would require manufacturers of

 8 light-duty vehicles to achieve a fleet-wide average

 9 of 54.5 miles per gallon fuel economy and greenhouse

10 gas emission equivalent standard for model year 2025

11 vehicles. The proposed rule would double the

12 passenger vehicle fuel efficiency from the level

13 enacted in 2007, a significant increase that will

14 save consumers money at the pump, blunt the economic

15 and national security threats presented by oil

16 dependence and price volatility, and help American

17 manufacturers develop new technologies that spur

18 investment in research, development, and production

19 of the advanced vehicles.

20 Pew has long supported higher federal

21 fuel economy standards. In 2007 we worked to help

22 achieve overwhelming bipartisan support in Congress

23 on the first fuel economy increase in 30 years. We

24 have also sought to inform the public and

25 policymakers across the nation about the dangers of
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18

 1 U.S. oil dependence to our nation's economy,

 2 national security, and to the lives of the U.S.

 3 servicemen and women who defend oil transit routes

 4 and chokepoints around the world. The RAND

 5 Corporation estimates that the U.S. military spends

 6 between 67 and 83 billion dollars annually defending

 7 oil chokepoints around the world.

 8 The proposed joint rule for model

 9 years 2017 to 2025 incentivizes the introduction of

10 advanced technologies that seek to decrease U.S.

11 dependence on foreign oil. Incentives designed to

12 spur development of electric and hybrid vehicle

13 technologies in the U.S. light-duty fleet provide a

14 clear path for auto manufacturers to invest in

15 research, development, and production, which can

16 improve the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing

17 and enhance exports to nations with growing demands.

18 Investment in the research, development, production,

19 and deployment of advanced vehicle technologies will

20 help vehicle manufacturers located in the U.S.

21 achieve the proposed standards and present an

22 opportunity for the U.S. to lead in new markets such

23 as advanced batteries, which experts predict could

24 be a $100 billion in global industry annually by

25 2030. Pew is a strong advocate for the deployment
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19

 1 of electric and hybrid vehicles and the necessary

 2 charging infrastructure, which could significantly

 3 reduce oil consumption and consumer fuel costs.

 4 While the proposed requirements set

 5 forth by EPA and DOT are aggressive and laudable,

 6 Pew strongly urges the agencies not to allow the

 7 fuel standards to be weakened during the midterm

 8 review period. Pew understands that fuel efficiency

 9 standards produced by DOT are limited by statute to

10 five-year increments and also appreciates the value

11 of technological and cost review to ensure the

12 standards are achievable. However, we believe that

13 federal fuel efficiency standards must remain strong

14 in order to enhance American manufacturing

15 competitiveness in the auto industry while

16 protecting consumers and businesses from fuel cost

17 volatility.

18 The public strongly supports reducing

19 U.S. oil dependence through higher fuel economy.

20 Our bipartisan poll commissioned in July 2011 found

21 that 91 percent of Americans identify U.S.

22 dependence on foreign oil as a threat to our

23 national security, and significant bipartisan

24 majorities in every region of the country believe

25 that adopting stronger fuel economy standards is the
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20

 1 best way to lessen that dependence. In addition to

 2 the petition submitted to President Obama on

 3 November 1, 2011 and signed by more than 31,000

 4 Americans, Pew has and will continue to highlight

 5 the importance of fuel efficiency with auto supply

 6 manufacturers, working families, and veterans at

 7 events around the nation.

 8 Thank you for your consideration at

 9 this time.

10 MS. OGE: Thank you.

11 Ms. Janet Cooke.

12

13 JANET COOKE

14 CITIZEN

15

16 I'm Janet Cooke, and I'm here as a

17 citizen and as a member of the Sierra Club, and I

18 want to thank you for this opportunity to speak with

19 you. I'm here to support any and all decisions that

20 you make which will ensure that the earth and its

21 atmosphere will remain viable, clean, and safe for

22 our children.

23 I'm thinking right now of those

24 grandmothers in Detroit because I just became a

25 grandmother three years ago and that's why I'm here,
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

21

 1 too. I would have loved to have sung a song with

 2 them.

 3 MR. MEDFORD: It's not too late.

 4 MS. COOKE: I can't do it alone.

 5 Having grandchildren places one's

 6 view of the future into a very clear perspective.

 7 It's not like it would be nice to do this or not to

 8 support one's future, it becomes imperative that we

 9 do everything that we can and know how to do to stop

10 adding poisons and pollutants into the air and water

11 and control destructive procedures and policies that

12 contribute to global warming. Without a healthy

13 earth and atmosphere there can be no future for our

14 grandchildren and their grandchildren and so on.

15 I live in Center City Philadelphia,

16 and I frequently enjoy hanging out in one or another

17 of four squares that were established by William

18 Penn and his city planner, Thomas Holme. They had a

19 vision bright with possibility for their new city of

20 Philadelphia. They created four open spaces that

21 are known today as Washington Square Park, Franklin

22 Park, Logan Circle, and Rittenhouse Square. Here

23 are a few descriptions of what I have seen in Penn's

24 city in the past few months. Three hundred years

25 since the founding of the city, I think he would be
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22

 1 pleased, but I wonder how global warming will change

 2 things.

 3 In Washington Square and Rittenhouse

 4 Square with their large, old trees and bench-lined

 5 walkways, I watch people chatting with friends and

 6 strangers, playing cards, enjoying ice cream cones,

 7 listening to street musicians. I once saw four

 8 barefoot women rehearsing ballet routines,

 9 practicing their jumps over and over again,

10 rehearsing right there on the grass. Young adults

11 often meet and organize volleyball games and croquet

12 games.

13 I loved watching a father one morning

14 who came with a baseball and wearing a catcher's

15 mitt standing several paces across a grassy area

16 from three boys who stood more or less in a line

17 facing him. The boys appeared to be about seven,

18 nine, and ten years old and each of them had his own

19 catcher's mitt. One by one the father tossed the

20 ball to each of the boys who then returned the ball

21 to him. It was spring training for kids.

22 Older people come to the parks with

23 their walkers and motorized wheelchairs, and young

24 families bring their toddlers to take their first

25 step. One fall day in Washington Square Park
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 1 neighborhood children were jumping into huge piles

 2 of leaves that were ready to be picked up in trucks

 3 and removed from the park.

 4 Washington Square Park and

 5 Rittenhouse are especially great for dogs. I see

 6 little dogs and big dogs, dogs on leashes, dogs

 7 running free, free to catch Frisbees in midair, free

 8 to chase balls, squirrels, pigeons, their owners,

 9 and other dogs.

10 Franklin Square is for families and

11 families come. Here you can watch parents speaking

12 different languages helping their children and other

13 children enjoy the many sizes of climbing structures

14 and swings in the park. Families bring picnics and

15 enjoy sitting at tables under the big trees. After

16 lunch, some kids ride the beautiful carousel, while

17 others play miniature golf on a course that includes

18 many small copies of famous Philadelphia landmarks,

19 like Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell.

20 Today I'm wondering how will Penn's

21 vision of 300 years ago look 300 years from now?

22 What if global warming continues? Will people young

23 and old want to be outdoors if the air is filled

24 with noxious gases and particulate matter? Will

25 mothers let their children float little boats on
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

24

 1 ponds where mosquitoes are breeding and algae is

 2 growing on the sculptures? I don't think so.

 3 We support your work with the

 4 Environmental Protection Agency and members of the

 5 Obama Administration who share our concerns. Yes,

 6 please do pass these new regulations raising the

 7 miles per gallon for gas for cars to 54.5 and

 8 limiting the CO2 emissions to 163 grams, and do

 9 continue to focus attention on what we humans can do

10 to keep our earth beautiful and livable, the place

11 we know it can be.

12 Thank you, and I invite you to take a

13 walk in our lovely city parks.

14 MS. OGE: Thank you.

15 Mr. Thomas Smith. Good evening.

16

17 THOMAS SMITH

18 CITIZEN

19

20 MR. SMITH: Good afternoon, or good

21 evening, yeah. My name is Thomas Smith, and I am a

22 resident of Philadelphia. I would like to thank the

23 EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety

24 Administration, NHTSA, for providing this

25 opportunity to speak in support of the rule-making
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

25

 1 under consideration.

 2 The collaboration of your two

 3 agencies in designing and moving this initiative

 4 forward is both sensible and laudable. I would add

 5 that it reflects the kind of interagency work that

 6 we need much more of. I would also like to

 7 compliment the flexibility and the variety of

 8 incentives the rule-making envisions. This, too, I

 9 think will be critical in bringing about the

10 ambitious long-term changes in fuel economy

11 standards you are aiming for.

12 I'm in strong agreement with the

13 speakers who have pointed out the many benefits that

14 increased fuel economy will lead to. Transportation

15 is the basic element of our economic infrastructure.

16 If in the long term we can lower one of its major

17 costs, the positive economic effects, though they

18 may not be easy to quantify, will nonetheless prove

19 to be considerable. So it goes without saying that

20 reducing costs at the pump will have direct and

21 measurable effects on everyone's budget.

22 In addition, lowering greenhouse gas

23 emissions and the positive environmental effects it

24 will lead to is a benefit of fundamental importance

25 to this nation. Wherever one stands on the larger
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26

 1 questions of climate change, there can be little

 2 doubt that taking ambitious steps now to reduce

 3 environmental externalities will pay large dividends

 4 down the road.

 5 Finally, I think it is important to

 6 point out the strategic value of reducing the

 7 nation's dependence on foreign oil. It seems

 8 unlikely that that dependence ever can entirely end,

 9 but by adopting a course of action now to make our

10 vehicles significantly more fuel efficient, we will

11 over time become more self-sufficient and less in

12 the grip of oil sources not always favorably

13 disposed to the U.S.

14 In closing, I again want to commend

15 the EPA and NHTSA for the bold and ambitious

16 approach they're proposing. I do believe the

17 success of these efforts would be significantly

18 enhanced by a large boost in the current federal tax

19 on gasoline, but that is a topic, perhaps, for

20 another venue.

21 Again, thank you for the opportunity

22 to speak.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you.

24 Ms. Jeanette MacNeille. Welcome.

25
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27

 1 JEANETTE MacNEILLE

 2 MILLBOURNE BOROUGH COUNCIL

 3

 4 MS. MacNEILLE: Thank you, and thank

 5 you for coming to Philadelphia.

 6 My name is Jeanette MacNeille. I am

 7 president of Millbourne Borough Council in

 8 Millbourne, Pennsylvania, just outside the

 9 boundaries of Philadelphia and also in the area --

10 in an area which has very poor air quality. I'm a

11 wife; I'm an entrepreneur and business owner; I

12 employ people in three states; and I'm an elected

13 official, as I mentioned.

14 Personally, I drive a Honda Civic

15 Hybrid. It's six years old. My husband and I

16 regularly get 52 or 53 miles per gallon on the

17 highway, and so I think the standards that you

18 proposed are very likely doable, they're possible.

19 It's almost possible today, and given a few more

20 years it should be possible to do.

21 As an elected official myself and our

22 borough council and our residents in our town have

23 worked very hard on energy efficiency. Last year we

24 bought our streetlight system, and it was a big

25 investment. By doing that we're going to save
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 1 $6,000 a year. We're upgrading all the lights from

 2 mercury vapor to LED and sodium-vapor lights, and

 3 we're going to save 20.7 percent of our energy usage

 4 compared to last year.

 5 In addition, this year we're working

 6 on improvements and renovations to Borough Hall,

 7 which is our second-highest priority, likewise to

 8 improve the energy use, reduce our costs, and reduce

 9 our energy use.

10 And thirdly, a third big initiative

11 is that we are working now and are paying for a

12 bicycle and pedestrian plan to improve the options

13 for walking and biking in the town and connecting

14 with public transportation so that people don't need

15 cars quite as much. So we are highly committed to

16 energy efficiency as a town.

17 In addition to that, I myself am a

18 severe asthmatic. I know the inside of almost every

19 emergency room here in Philadelphia, and I know the

20 emergency rooms in a number of towns when I've been

21 traveling for business, or even out of the country

22 when I've had to go. Attacks are unpredictable;

23 they are inconvenient; they are very expensive.

24 When I looked back at my medical records, what I see

25 is that an emergency room visit for me tends to cost
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 1 somewhere between $4,500 and $17,500 each and every

 2 time.

 3 And in addition to all of that, I

 4 assure you that it is utterly unwelcome to have this

 5 situation in place. When you can't breathe, when

 6 you actually get to a point where you really can't

 7 breathe, when you can't -- you have no assurance

 8 that you actually are going to take another breath,

 9 there isn't anything that is more important. There

10 is no priority that is that high. There is not the

11 signing of our police checks for our police officers

12 in our town, that isn't as important. Making a

13 sales call for my company, gaining another customer,

14 that isn't as important. Or even meeting a

15 commitment to my family, that isn't as important

16 either. When you can't breathe, there is nothing

17 else out there actually for you.

18 So for me and also for millions of

19 people like me here in the United States, I want to

20 ask you to pass the strictest and strongest and

21 highest CAFE standards that you can, because for me

22 automobile efficiency equals less time in the

23 emergency room and it actually really matters.

24 Thank you.

25 MS. OGE: Thank you. Thank you for
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 1 your testimony.

 2 Any questions?

 3 I'd like to thank the panel for

 4 taking the timing to share your views and to testify

 5 for this program. Thank you.

 6 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. I think we're

 7 ready for the next panel.

 8 Ms. Dowell, when you're ready, you

 9 can go ahead, please.

10

11 ERICA DOWELL

12 SMALL BUSINESS MAJORITY, NETWORK COORDINATOR

13

14 MS. DOWELL: Good evening. My name

15 is Erica Dowell, and I'm network coordinator with

16 Small Business Majority. Small Business Majority is

17 a nonpartisan small business advocacy organization

18 founded and run by small business owners. We

19 represent 28 million Americans who are self-employed

20 or own businesses of up to a hundred employees. Our

21 organization uses scientific opinion and economic

22 research to understand and represent the interests

23 of all small businesses.

24 Solutions to the country's economic

25 malaise start with small business. But government
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 1 must support them if we are to harness their power

 2 as job creators. Small businesses have the

 3 potential to stimulate the economy, but they still

 4 need smart policies to help them do so, such as

 5 stronger fuel efficiency standards. By

 6 concentrating their efforts on raising the

 7 requirements automakers must meet, legislators can

 8 help entrepreneurs save money and give them the

 9 boost they need to rebuild America. We know this

10 from our research.

11 The rising cost of fuel is a key area

12 where the government can help small businesses. We

13 released a national opinion poll in September of

14 last year that found that 87 percent of small

15 business owners believe it's important for the

16 United States to take action now to increase fuel

17 efficiency in cars and light trucks. A 59 percent

18 majority described this as very important.

19 Moreover, small business owners in the influential

20 automotive states of Michigan, Ohio, and California

21 demonstrated equally strong support of more

22 stringent standards.

23 Our survey also found that 71 percent

24 of small business owners believe that American car

25 companies do not innovate enough and 73 percent
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 1 believe the federal government should do more to

 2 make them innovate. Therefore, it's not surprising

 3 that 80 percent of owners support requiring the auto

 4 industry to increase fuel efficiency to 60 miles per

 5 gallon by 2025, an even higher standard than the

 6 54.5 miles per gallon standard the Obama

 7 Administration proposed in November.

 8 Small business owners know they will

 9 benefit from strengthened fuel economy standards.

10 The proposed rules are right on par with what

11 entrepreneurs have told us they want: improved fuel

12 standards that have the power to cut long-term

13 business costs. Stronger standards are a surefire

14 way to help small business owners save money on

15 fuel, invest in their companies, and hire.

16 Of the employers we polled, the

17 rising cost of doing business came in as their top

18 concern, including fuel costs. This helps explain

19 why so many small business owners believe stronger

20 fuel efficiency standards have the potential to

21 boost their bottom line. In fact, 87 percent of

22 small business owners agree that improving

23 innovation and energy efficiency are good ways to

24 increase prosperity for small businesses.

25 If lawmakers are going to meet these
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 1 entrepreneurs' needs, raising fuel economy standards

 2 is a great way to start. Through higher standards

 3 the money small business owners and consumers will

 4 save on gas will better equip the American public to

 5 foster economic growth by patronizing businesses

 6 everywhere.

 7 We support raising fuel economy

 8 standards because they'll be a boon to our small

 9 businesses and to our economy. Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

11 Kesaaraa, I'm going to let you tell

12 us how to say your last name.

13

14 KESAARAA WIJEYEWICKREMA

15 SIERRA CLUB

16

17 MS. WIJEYEWICKREMA: Thank you for

18 the opportunity to testify today. My name is

19 Kesaaraa Wijeyewickrema. Don't worry. Everyone

20 gets it wrong.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

22 MS. WIJEYEWICKREMA: And I work for

23 the Sierra Club's Green Transportation Campaign.

24 On behalf of Sierra Club's 1.4

25 million members and supporters, I applaud the EPA
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 1 and NHTSA for proposing to strengthen vehicle fuel

 2 efficiency and greenhouse gas standards for model

 3 years 2017 through 2025 cars and light trucks to

 4 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025.

 5 Cars and light trucks drive our

 6 addiction to oil. They consume more than 8 million

 7 barrels of oil every day and are responsible for

 8 nearly 20 percent of U.S. climate-disrupting carbon

 9 pollution. To feed our oil addiction we spend as

10 much as $1 billion overseas every day, costing jobs

11 and threatening our national security.

12 In our efforts to educate the public,

13 our members, the media, and decision makers about

14 the importance of strengthening vehicle standards

15 and cutting our addiction to oil, we helped form a

16 coalition of groups in support of a 60 mpg standard.

17 Through our coalition's efforts, nearly 300,000

18 Americans nationwide took action in support of

19 strengthening vehicle standards from writing letters

20 to their elected representatives to sending in

21 photos supporting cleaner cars. I have brought with

22 me today and would like to submit to the agencies a

23 card that represents these actions, as well as

24 postcards from hundreds of Americans in support of

25 the standards, just to show you the photo that we
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35

 1 took.

 2 Many of these Americans support a

 3 strong standard because they care about the new jobs

 4 that come with innovation, curbing global warming,

 5 cutting our nation's addiction to oil, and saving

 6 billions at the gas pump. Americans want cleaner

 7 and more efficient cars and trucks that are better

 8 for our environment and our economy. These

 9 standards are the biggest single step we can take to

10 end our addiction to oil. Not only will these

11 standards save consumers money at the pump, they

12 will help our American auto industry innovate and

13 thrive in a global economy.

14 Sierra Club applauds the agencies'

15 efforts to raise fuel efficiency standards to 54.5

16 mpg and look forward to final standards later this

17 summer. Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

19 Dr. Sarfaty.

20

21 MONA SARFATY, M.D.

22 CITIZEN

23

24 DR. SARFATY: Thank you. My name is

25 Mona Sarfaty and I'm a primary care physician and an
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 1 associate professor at the Jefferson School of

 2 Population Health that's located here in Center

 3 City. I'm also on the executive committee of the

 4 local Philadelphia College of Physicians and recent

 5 past chair of the Medical Care Section of the

 6 American Public Health Association, but I'm coming

 7 to speak on my own behalf, not on behalf of those

 8 organizations.

 9 The push to make all vehicles cleaner

10 is supported by strong logic with many valid and

11 convincing arguments. The logic of this

12 presentation is going to come from public health and

13 from individual health.

14 The public's health is already

15 adversely affected in Philadelphia because of

16 deficient air quality. Based on data monitoring

17 carried out by the EPA and made available to the

18 American Lung Association, the population at risk

19 because of poor air quality in this county is very

20 substantial. A colleague of mine participated in an

21 asthma project, the Philadelphia Allies Against

22 Asthma, in collaboration with local hospitals,

23 schools, and several other cities. The project had

24 school nurses coordinate with hospital emergency

25 rooms to identify and then work with families of
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37

 1 asthmatic children to help them use every technique

 2 available to protect the children from their asthma.

 3 The number of asthmatic children in our project

 4 schools, which was 82 per school, was the highest of

 5 all the cities that participated in this project.

 6 Part of my work at Jefferson involves

 7 quality improvement in health care. Medical care

 8 institutions are under increasing pressure to show

 9 improved quality outcomes because of the significant

10 percentage of the national budget that's spent on

11 medical care. In our family practice we have 978

12 individuals who have asthma. Clearly, it undermines

13 the efforts of all the medical institutions in this

14 city when the city report card shows a grade of F

15 both for days of ozone elevation and for 24-hour

16 particle pollution.

17 The medical literature is full of

18 publications from this country and from foreign

19 countries demonstrating that cleaner air leads to

20 improvement in health status for people with lung

21 conditions and chronic diseases. Unfortunately, in

22 our practice, the common wisdom is that all the

23 patients who move to Philadelphia eventually develop

24 asthma, a cough, or allergies. Vehicles that emit

25 less pollution are an important component of a
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38

 1 strategy for preventing these health problems.

 2 The population that's at special risk

 3 of air pollutants because of the underlying medical

 4 conditions they have is very large in Philadelphia.

 5 It's 679,000 people and it accounts for 40 percent

 6 of the population. How could that be so? Well,

 7 that total is comprised of 37,000 children and

 8 110,000 adults who have asthma, 50,000 people who

 9 have chronic bronchitis, 24,000 who have emphysema,

10 413,000 who have cardiovascular disease, and 95,000

11 who have diabetes. All of these people are at

12 greater-than-average risk from ozone and/or particle

13 pollution. Even a limited period of exposure above

14 certain limits can precipitate deterioration for

15 people who have such conditions.

16 I'd like to close with just a few

17 words about my personal experience as a fuel

18 efficient car owner. My husband and I have needed

19 two new cars in the last five years. With the high

20 price of gas and the many miles that my husband

21 drives per week, we looked carefully at fuel economy

22 and safety when we were shopping and bought hybrids

23 both times. We have been very pleased with our

24 vehicles and pleased to contribute to the growth of

25 the green economy.
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 1 If the American auto companies had

 2 heeded the energy cost and health needs of the

 3 public in developing their products, they might have

 4 been ready for the current economic storm. If

 5 energy efficiency and public health guide our

 6 planning, we'll be on sounder footing as we go

 7 forward. Thank you very much.

 8 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 9 Reverend McClellan.

10

11 REV. ROBERT McCLELLAN

12 TABERNACLE UNITED CHURCH

13

14 REV. McCLELLAN: Hi. I'm the

15 Reverend Robert McClellan, pastor of Tabernacle

16 United Church, of Presbyterian Church U.S.A., and

17 United Church of Christ Union Congregation right

18 here in Philadelphia. I come with the endorsement

19 of that congregation, as well as Interfaith Power &

20 Light, and that organization has chapters in 38

21 states serving 14,000 congregations and growing.

22 I'm grateful for the opportunity to speak, and I

23 give thanks to God for the EPA and NHTSA and the

24 Obama Administration for putting forward these bold

25 fuel efficiency standards.
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40

 1 I have given my life over to

 2 nurturing ways of life that attend to the well-being

 3 of all, of all people and indeed all God's creation.

 4 I care about a lot -- I care about a lot of

 5 different things, but it's been increasingly clear

 6 to me that the looming environmental crisis

 7 threatens to render every other single issue moot.

 8 The time has come for us to be known as leaders in

 9 this world again.

10 There is absolute consensus among my

11 sisters and brothers in the scientific community on

12 the fact that global climate change is the result of

13 human activity, in particular greenhouse gas

14 emissions, a huge percentage of which comes from our

15 automobiles. You'll hear lies about that and lies

16 about how caring for our environment through

17 standards will somehow hurt us by taking away jobs

18 or stunting the economy.

19 But there is also absolute consensus

20 in the religious community that lies are bad.

21 The truth is sound environmental

22 policy is sound economic policy is faithful policy.

23 Period. Today's environmental challenges are

24 tomorrow's economic opportunities.

25 I spent significant portions of the
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41

 1 past 15 years working with young people. If we

 2 don't adopt policies such as these and even stronger

 3 ones, what will I tell them about the way their

 4 parents acted in a time of need?

 5 I was in fifth grade in 1987, a

 6 schoolboy in Indiana, when I learned about the

 7 greenhouse effect. I have thought about it every

 8 single day since. My question is, how many more

 9 generations do we have to watch grow up before we

10 decide the time is right to lead again?

11 Thank you for your leadership. Thank

12 you.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

14 Colleen Kennedy Nadav.

15

16 COLLEEN KENNEDY

17 CITIZEN

18

19 MS. KENNEDY: I'm actually just

20 Colleen Kennedy. I think that's just a typo.

21 Hi, everybody. My name is Colleen

22 Kennedy, and I'm a 22-year-old resident of Delaware

23 County, Pennsylvania. I stand before you today for

24 a multitude of reasons. Primarily I am here because

25 I want to stress to you how critically life-changing
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 1 this regulation could be for me if all goes well.

 2 I was born with asthma and at the age

 3 of three weeks I had a very -- a very bad case of

 4 pneumonia and I had to be hospitalized. When I was

 5 in elementary school, I had to have four nebulizer

 6 treatments every single day. I had to miss class in

 7 order to do that.

 8 Today I actually have a heart

 9 condition called atrial ectopic -- atrial ectopic

10 tachycardia -- still don't have that memorized --

11 that causes my heart rate to speed up randomly and

12 go out of rhythm. I get heart palpitations,

13 horrible chest pain, and dizziness as my body

14 struggles to keep all of my normal bodily functions

15 going, like oxygen going to the rest of my body. I

16 had heart surgery last year to try to correct this

17 defect and it was unsuccessful. I just want to

18 quickly read to you some of the risks that come with

19 this procedure that I had to decide and get the

20 surgery anyway.

21 If you get this procedure there is a

22 chance that you'll have a recurrence of your

23 arrhythmia. There is a chance that you'll form a

24 new horrible -- like worse arrhythmia. There is a

25 chance the surgeons will damage your blood vessels.
REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323

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 1 They could puncture your heart. You can get

 2 something called AV block, which I'm not a doctor,

 3 but pretty much your electrical circuitry of your

 4 heart changes dramatically. I'm sure other people

 5 who are doctors can explain it better than me.

 6 Sorry about that. You could have a risk of stroke

 7 or, obviously, death.

 8 This is a decision I had to make at

 9 the age of 22, and it's not something that I took

10 lightly, and I will probably have to go through with

11 this surgery once again because it was unsuccessful.

12 I have learned that I can't really

13 control my health, but there are some things that I

14 can control, and one such thing is air quality. Air

15 pollution and the intensifying heat and humidity

16 we've seen over the past decade have a dramatic

17 impact over whether or not I can leave my home.

18 When the weatherman goes on the TV and says, Be

19 careful out there; there is an orange air quality

20 alert today, that's often my cue to stay indoors,

21 losing far too much work and school.

22 As a college student and an active

23 participant in my community, it is an infuriating

24 feeling to have to e-mail a professor or call your

25 boss and tell them that yet again you're going to be
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44

 1 staying home. But if I ignore my symptoms and push

 2 myself past my limit, within a few hours the

 3 dizziness, nausea, and feeling that someone is

 4 sitting on my chest returns, and no amount of air

 5 conditioning will relieve these symptoms right away.

 6 A few months back I attended a

 7 congressional town hall with my congressman. Names

 8 don't matter, but suffice it to say that after I

 9 brought to my representative's attention the

10 struggles that I've had and how we need to take air

11 quality issues into account when making decisions on

12 a local and national level, he changed the subject

13 almost immediately, but not before spewing the same

14 old speech that the EPA makes ridiculous regulations

15 that kill jobs. I wanted to tell him that it would

16 be an awful shame if his kind of attitude killed me

17 in my next surgery while I was trying to avoid the

18 symptoms that could have been circumvented through

19 sensible clean air measures, but a lot of other

20 people had questions of their own, so I held my

21 tongue.

22 I am so thankful to get this

23 opportunity to talk to all of you to remind all of

24 you why the EPA exists. It is there for all of us

25 so we can leave our homes and go about our lives
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 1 safe and healthy. The work that the EPA and state

 2 environmental government agencies do is just as

 3 important as the regard we have for defense,

 4 education, or any other field. Yet many politicians

 5 look at the EPA with disdain because it's a job

 6 killer.

 7 Do you all remember that

 8 almost-bankruptcy we had with our auto industry?

 9 Why was that? Was it because for decades the

10 industry ignored prompts from international

11 competition to improve their product, to improve

12 their fuel efficiency? I think so.

13 The EPA, as directed by the Obama

14 Administration, is proposing new fuel efficiency

15 standards for cars in model years 2017-2025. This

16 is the single greatest step our country has taken to

17 tackle global warming and get off oil, all while

18 saving Americans cash at the pump. By the year 2030

19 the proposed standards would cut annual global

20 warming pollution by roughly 280 million metric

21 tons, which would be the near equivalent to shutting

22 down 70 coal-powered plants for an entire year.

23 Here's the kicker, though. My

24 congressman was wrong about the EPA's top-secret

25 plan to destroy our economy. Improving standards
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46

 1 within the auto industry will boost sales, improve

 2 our international strength as an auto industry

 3 against foreign competition, and, most of all,

 4 create jobs. And, hey, that's what we're all

 5 worried about now, right? I feel like this is a

 6 no-brainer and this is definitely an Obama plan that

 7 I can get behind heart, lungs, and body.

 8 I hope you all see how important this

 9 is to our country and to my own family and back our

10 president up along with me.

11 Thank you.

12 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

13 Mr. Greene.

14

15 PAUL GREENE

16 CITIZEN

17

18 MR. GREENE: Thank you for this

19 opportunity. My name is Paul Greene. I'm an

20 anthropologist and associate professor at Penn State

21 University's Brandywine Campus.

22 Can you hear me?

23 MR. MEDFORD: Yeah, we can. We can.

24 We can hear you.

25 MR. GREENE: I'm not an environmental
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 1 scholar. I'm speaking to you as a concerned

 2 citizen. I feel that there are three experiences

 3 that motivate me to be here. One is that on our

 4 campus we had a discussion of global climate change.

 5 We screened An Inconvenient Truth. We invited

 6 scholars on both sides of this issue to speak. The

 7 experience was -- was very convincing to me. I felt

 8 that the evidence was overwhelming and

 9 incontrovertible that human beings are responsible

10 for global climate change.

11 The other two experiences are from my

12 travels as an anthropologist. Three years ago I had

13 the opportunity to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. A

14 marvelous experience. But only the last day did I

15 actually encounter glacial ice, and I've seen photos

16 that you can compare to the way this used to look.

17 So this is a place where the effects of global

18 climate change seem to be very dramatically on

19 display.

20 Another experience I had was working

21 with a research assistant in Kathmandu. Kathmandu

22 is -- has much greater fuel emission problems than

23 any city in the United States. Life in Kathmandu

24 for many people involves wearing masks that filter

25 out the air. At the end of a long day of fieldwork
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 1 I would come back and there would actually be black

 2 stuff coming out of -- you know, in my mucus and in

 3 my nose and in my throat. These dangers are real

 4 and considerable, and I really applaud the EPA for

 5 moving ahead with regulations for higher fuel

 6 efficiency.

 7 In today's political discourse,

 8 regulation is beginning to take on a bad name. As

 9 we just heard, there is talk about job-killing

10 regulations. There are fears that enhancing

11 regulations on individuals will curtail liberties,

12 that strengthening regulations on corporations will

13 reduce their ability to create jobs. But in the

14 last few years we have seen how lax regulation has

15 led to or contributed to a global economic meltdown

16 from which we are still recovering and what is now

17 clear in hindsight about regulation was not clear

18 before, evidently.

19 Regulation is very important. Many

20 citizens are calling for and asking for regulation.

21 We need to organize ourselves at the largest social

22 levels in order to solve this problem, and

23 regulation is the way to do that. So instead of

24 viewing this as something that curtails or limits

25 us, I think I, and it sounds like other people at
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 1 this panel, consider this to be a real liberating

 2 opportunity.

 3 Facing climate change is exactly the

 4 sort of issue that we organize government for, to

 5 tackle a problem that we can't solve as individuals,

 6 nor can we wait for the invisible hand of the

 7 economy to solve this problem for us. We need a

 8 coordinated effort with consistent and high

 9 standards to avert disaster. Let's not allow this

10 time of economic jitters and the vilification of

11 regulation to compromise the obvious public good.

12 This is not a time to make exceptions or create

13 loopholes or special situations for certain

14 corporations or individuals. We need a consistent

15 and thorough regulation at a very high standard to

16 prevent disaster.

17 Future generations will not thank us

18 for creating a few extra jobs now while allowing our

19 planet's climate to change dramatically and

20 permanently for the future.

21 Thank you.

22 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

23 Ms. Bergey.

24

25 JOY BERGEY
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 1 CENTER FOR THE CELEBRATION OF CREATION

 2

 3 MS. BERGEY: Thank you. My name is

 4 Joy Bergey, and just to clarify, I'm also on staff

 5 at PennFuture but that testimony's already been

 6 given, so I speak in my role as executive director

 7 of the Center for the Celebration of Creation. The

 8 center is an interreligious program affiliated with

 9 Chestnut Hill United Church in Philadelphia. And I

10 just want to thank all of you sitting here through

11 so much testimony today and you're all still awake.

12 That's just wonderful.

13 The Center for the Celebration of

14 Creation applauds President Obama and Secretaries

15 Jackson and LaHood for proposing this strong new

16 rule and we urge that it not be weakened in any way.

17 Climate change looms large. It will

18 hurt first and worst those least able to care for

19 themselves: the old, the young, the sick, the poor.

20 Addressing it is thus an issue of morality, which is

21 why the faith community cares so deeply about this

22 country's energy policies, such as the rule we're

23 considering today.

24 Our current energy policies in this

25 country reflect and enable our national addiction to
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 1 fossil fuels. Overwhelmingly our policies ignore

 2 the issue of climate change. So if we can't wean

 3 ourselves off fossil fuels any time soon, then we

 4 must devote ourselves to improving vehicle

 5 efficiency so we can use less fossil fuels. Cars

 6 that are more efficient will mean less oil use.

 7 Less oil used means less burned, less global warming

 8 pollution, less traditional pollution that attacks

 9 our health and shortens too many lives. Less oil

10 used means less money spent by businesses, by

11 governments, by consumers. Less oil used

12 domestically means less oil imported from countries

13 that don't like us and may allow us to avoid some

14 militaristic conflicts. So less oil used is good

15 for our health, our pocketbooks, our national

16 security, our future. All of these are morally

17 sound preferences.

18 This proposed rule would give us a

19 better future than we would have without it, which

20 is why the Center for Celebration of Creation

21 supports it.

22 Thank you all.

23 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

24 Any questions for the panel?

25 MS. OGE: I have one.
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 1 MR. MEDFORD: Yeah, sure.

 2 MS. OGE: I have a request.

 3 Ms. Erica Dowell, I thank you for your testimony.

 4 If the survey that you made the reference is not

 5 confidential, we would appreciate if you could place

 6 it to our docket for the record.

 7 MS. DOWELL: Okay. I'd be glad to.

 8 MS. OGE: Okay. Thank you.

 9 MR. MEDFORD: We'd like to thank each

10 of you for coming today to testify. We appreciate

11 you making the effort.

12 Our next panel.

13 MS. OGE: Wonderful. So now we're

14 going to Panel 11. I would like to call first Mr.

15 Matt Schwartz with his two lovely daughters.

16 Welcome. I think there are chairs for the two young

17 ladies.

18 Are you going to sit? You can bring

19 them forward so we can all see you.

20 Okay. Mr. Schwartz, we'll start with

21 you. If you can give us your name and also the name

22 of your two daughters for the record. They're the

23 youngest testifiers today, and they have been very

24 patient, so we appreciate that.

25
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 1

 2 L. MATTHEW SCHWARTZ, M.D.

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 DR. SCHWARTZ: Thank you, everybody.

 6 I'm very appreciative of the opportunity to speak

 7 with you today. My name is Matthew Schwartz. I'm

 8 accompanied by my two daughters, Olivia Schwartz and

 9 Emily Schwartz. Olivia is eight and Emily is 11 and

10 they're in the third and fifth grade, and they're

11 learning about how to take good care of our

12 environment.

13 I also want to thank you for working

14 for an organization that holds in esteem our health

15 and our well-being, our environment. It gets too

16 short a shrift I think in decision making at the

17 federal level and state level and I really hope it

18 can be strengthened.

19 I'm a practicing physician. I'm also

20 a member of the National Advisory Board of the Union

21 of Concerned Scientists. I do not represent them,

22 though. I'm here in the capacity of representing

23 myself. And I just wanted to remind us all that

24 there is overwhelming peer-reviewed scientific

25 evidence that climate change is real and
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 1 accelerating. This is fact, not debatable,

 2 faith-based belief.

 3 Over the past few years climate

 4 records were broken across the -- excuse me --

 5 across the globe. The National Oceanic and

 6 Atmospheric Administration has chronicled blizzards,

 7 1,000-year floods, and scorching heat on all

 8 continents.

 9 Air pollution flares asthma and

10 allergies. As a physician, I see how many of my

11 patients must take these medications on a regular

12 basis. And even I, I take excellent care of myself,

13 and I still have postnasal drip, I wake up with

14 crust in my eyes every day. I have allergies and I

15 believe they are environmental and related to

16 pollution.

17 So the EPA must act now with a bold

18 clean-car efficiency standard of 54 1/2 miles a

19 gallon. I wish it could be better. I like higher

20 numbers. I know the technology exists that it could

21 be higher, but we'll settle, and everybody pretty

22 much, in my understanding, has been very pleased

23 with at least starting with 54. If we do, if you

24 do, we'll see the elimination of Saudi oil imports,

25 increasing our national security; we'll see marked
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 1 reductions in annual CO2 production so that in 2030

 2 the equivalent of shuttering 70 coal-fired plants

 3 will be realized; we'll see reduced demand for

 4 offshore drilling and associated spills, like what

 5 we saw in the Gulf this past year; and we'll see the

 6 creation of an estimated 500,000 green jobs. Talk

 7 about improving the economy. There is the

 8 opportunity.

 9 But we all know that oil companies

10 want to profit from America's fossil fuel addiction,

11 just like cigarette companies have done from

12 nicotine addiction. They've had their day. The

13 auto industry protested seat belts at the beginning

14 saying that it would ruin our business. Well, it

15 didn't. They also said that fuel efficiency

16 standards in the past, they said that's going to

17 ruin us, too. It never did. But they did flourish

18 until they didn't keep up, and then we saw what

19 happened in 2009, several went bankrupt, because

20 they failed to keep up with the new standards,

21 including fuel efficiency. Essentially Asia ate

22 their lunch. The auto industry can't afford not to

23 improve.

24 Auto dealerships can't keep hybrids

25 and all-electric vehicles in stock. The demand is
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 1 too great. Even my brother-in-law is selling his

 2 Hummer and is buying a hybrid. My Prius, which is

 3 the third Prius purchased in the greater

 4 Philadelphia area 11 years ago, has saved me a

 5 bundle in gas. At 102,000 miles and going strong,

 6 the total cost of ownership has been very low.

 7 Finally, we need a rule free from

 8 loopholes like overly generous corporate welfare for

 9 the industry. Let's let them show what they can do

10 and not give them handouts unnecessarily. Please

11 only offer reasonable and necessary incentives. If

12 you need more information, you can visit the Union

13 of Concerned Scientists Web site at ucsusa.org.

14 And remember, the EPA, Environmental

15 Protection Agency, works for we the people, the

16 majority of Americans, not the minority special

17 interests of the oil or auto industries. We're

18 depending upon you, and you're the representatives,

19 you're the messengers perhaps, not the decision

20 makers, but we're depending on the EPA to do its job

21 and represent us.

22 Thank you very much.

23 MS. OGE: Thank you, Mr. Schwartz.

24 Mr. Charlie Bugg.

25
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 1

 2 CHARLIE BUGG

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 MR. BUGG: Hi. My name is Charlie

 6 Bugg, and I'm about as grass roots as you can be.

 7 I'm not a member of any organization that most

 8 people have heard of, although I am a dues-paying

 9 member of Penn Environment; I am the treasurer of

10 our local Frankford -- Frankford is a neighborhood

11 in Philadelphia -- Garden Club; and a proud member

12 of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society.

13 If I can just digress for an instant,

14 we have a fabulous flower show early March each

15 year. Please come. By public transportation, if

16 possible.

17 I'm also a hiker, a sailor, and a

18 landlord, a low-income landlord. Many of my tenants

19 do get asthma. Many also have to travel by public

20 transportation two or three hours to go to the

21 suburbs to find a job. I took the "el" here from

22 Frankford. The "el" is an elevated train, and

23 that's great, and Philadelphia has a good

24 transportation system. However, even living in

25 Philadelphia I need the car to do things with the
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 1 garden. I need the car to go to the Appalachian

 2 Trail up in Hamburg, the pinnacle of which is the

 3 highest point in Pennsylvania. I need the car to go

 4 to the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay to sail.

 5 There is not public transportation to everywhere

 6 that we need to go. I wish it were.

 7 But because it isn't, for quite a

 8 while regular people like me with no particular

 9 problems are going to have to take cars, and I want

10 to take it and use it doing the least amount of harm

11 that it can. So I beg you, please pass this bill,

12 get this -- not pass this bill, but get the

13 regulations in here that are strong enough to make

14 it work.

15 I'm willing to pay a little more --

16 not a lot more -- I'm willing to pay a little bit

17 more if the cars were such that I could enjoy the

18 activities that I enjoy. If maybe some of my

19 tenants could afford a car, instead of having to

20 take two hours to get to their job, they could take

21 maybe 40 minutes. This is important for regular

22 people, too, not just scientists or large

23 organizations.

24 Thank you very much, and I hope you

25 pass a strong bill.
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 1 MS. OGE: Thank you.

 2 Ms. Donna McKee. Good evening.

 3

 4 DONNA McKEE

 5 CITIZEN

 6

 7 MS. McKEE: Yes, hello. My name is

 8 Donna McKee. I'm a citizen and also a member of

 9 Penn Environment. And I'd like to thank you for the

10 opportunity to testify in support of the greater

11 fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks

12 that has been proposed by the Obama Administration,

13 and I applaud the EPA and the Department of

14 Transportation for taking this big step.

15 As an environmental advocate and a

16 landscape architect, I see the effects of climate

17 change every day on plant and animal species, and

18 particularly species -- important species like oak,

19 they're being threatened by fungal diseases, just to

20 name one, and amphibians, you know, like frogs and

21 salamanders, who are also threatened by warming as

22 well as increased -- greatly increased spread of

23 fungal diseases and other pathogens, which is

24 connected with global warming and the consequent

25 climate change.
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 1 But our dependence on oil is, I

 2 think, the thing that probably scares me the most in

 3 terms of its effect on our society and on the planet

 4 and into the future. Our country's dangerous and

 5 unwise dependence upon oil, particularly foreign

 6 oil, has resulted in Americans sending over a

 7 billion dollars mainly to the Middle Eastern

 8 countries every year and to the oil cartels, which

 9 then fuel wars and conflicts that are really

10 devastating us economically and saddling us with an

11 unsustainable debt burden that I think is not fair

12 for us to pass on to future generations, and at the

13 same time our domestic economy is struggling and

14 making us -- as this is all making us less and less

15 secure every day. And we hear the war drums now

16 that are growing louder and louder for war on Iran,

17 yet another war, and I just wonder, when will the

18 insanity end? I think that it would be closely

19 linked to our commitment, or lack thereof, of

20 tackling this problem and lessening and eventually

21 breaking our dependence and our addiction to oil.

22 The new proposed fuel efficiency

23 standards are an important and long-overdue step

24 towards reducing our dependence on foreign oil, I

25 believe, and beginning to take responsible steps
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 1 towards reducing global warming, and they'll also

 2 save Americans much-needed money. It's estimated

 3 that it will save approximately $330, you know, per

 4 year per family.

 5 As so many Americans, I want to be

 6 able to buy the most fuel efficient vehicle, you

 7 know, car or truck possible, but have been

 8 frustrated because there are so few available on the

 9 market -- the U.S. market, and those few that are

10 available are out of the reach of most Americans

11 because of their high price. And there is really no

12 good reason for this. I mean, the technology has

13 been available for decades and the auto industry has

14 just chosen not to pursue this and provide what the

15 majority of Americans want.

16 So, you know, it's -- even though I

17 would like to see these standards coupled with a

18 gasoline tax, and I think that a gasoline tax would

19 really be the most efficient and quick way to go

20 about achieving this, but there is so much

21 resistance to that because of all the

22 corporate-funded, you know, antitax, you know, kind

23 of propaganda out there or funded ads and things

24 that we hear all the time that it makes it very

25 difficult to pass something like that. But, you
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 1 know, maybe in the future there could be a gas tax

 2 coupled with your increased fuel efficiency

 3 standards that would encourage less consumption, and

 4 a gas tax could fund much-needed transportation

 5 improvements.

 6 But I certainly support your proposal

 7 as a first -- a very important step, and I urge the

 8 EPA to adopt these standards and to guard against

 9 allowing loopholes that could undermine the

10 potential benefits and even possibly making them

11 stronger. And this would be loopholes such as

12 overly generous, you know, taxpayer-financed

13 incentives to automakers, who I feel have, you know,

14 more than enough time, you know, decades, to

15 implement these things but have chosen not to do so.

16 And I don't -- I just don't think it's fair really

17 to ask taxpayers that are already heavily burdened

18 to subsidize something that this industry really

19 should have done decades ago.

20 And I think that -- I just want to

21 again applaud you for your efforts and hope that you

22 will pass a very strong law.

23 Thank you.

24 MS. OGE: Thank you.

25 Ms. Rosa, we'll let you give us your
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 1 last name.

 2 ROSA MICHNYA

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 MS. MICHNYA: Oh, sure. It's

 6 M-i-c-h-n-y-a, Michnya.

 7 MS. OGE: Thank you. Welcome.

 8 MS. MICHNYA: Thank you. We met in

 9 the bathroom.

10 MS. OGE: Oh, we did.

11 MS. MICHNYA: So, first of all, thank

12 you so much for coming once again to my state and to

13 my hometown. And as I said when the EPA was here

14 last May, we need you to come back, at least those

15 of you here today from the EPA, to talk about

16 Marcellus Shale and now, from what I'm hearing,

17 Utica Shale as well.

18 So I live on the other side of U.S.

19 Route 1, the 12-lane highway that runs along the

20 East Coast, known to Philadelphians as Roosevelt

21 Boulevard, or to those of us in its immediate

22 vicinity, simply the Boulevard. And when I say I

23 live on the other side of it, I mean literally.

24 It's the other side of my block, so that if I go out

25 my front door, walk down to the corner and look to
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 1 the right, for example, there it is at the other end

 2 of the block, all 12 lanes plus a turning lane. So

 3 near me there are actually 13 lanes, and I'm not

 4 superstitious, but this is some bad luck.

 5 Although my front door faces a quiet,

 6 little, single-lane street, after a snowstorm last

 7 winter our glistening white snow was almost

 8 immediately covered by tiny, black flecks all over

 9 both the front and the back yard. It would be

10 interesting to measure the amount of fossil fuels in

11 my blood. You probably remember about a decade ago

12 when Bill Moyers of PBS had his blood and urine

13 tested. He never worked in heavy industry or had

14 any particular exposure that he could recall. As he

15 himself put it, he was just a TV guy. Yet his tests

16 revealed about 85 chemicals that were never intended

17 to be in the human body in the first place and

18 certainly not in combination there.

19 By the way, Bill Moyers just gave a

20 great speech on the occasion of Ralph Nader's 40

21 years of consumer protection. It's available online

22 and he talks about the difficulty citizens like

23 those of us here today have in today's corporate and

24 political climate in being truly heard, and his

25 speech is really worth being heard itself.
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 1 But getting back to the fossil fuels

 2 that I suspect are in my blood, I can't afford to

 3 have my blood tested. Right now I work for an

 4 environmental protection nonprofit. You don't get

 5 rich that way, as I'm sure you know. So I also

 6 couldn't afford to move at this time if my life

 7 depended on it, and it might. In addition to many

 8 relatives with cancer, we have a history of heart

 9 disease in our family. Both my parents died from it

10 after multiple heart attacks and strokes, long and

11 lingering illnesses that were undoubtedly made worse

12 by their proximity to the Boulevard. I moved back

13 into the house I grew up in to help take care of

14 them during that time. They also couldn't afford to

15 move.

16 My dad was an artist. And I mention

17 this because I think part of the point of today's

18 proceedings is to remember that people are more than

19 statistics or the sum of their illnesses, like the

20 young woman with the serious heart condition who

21 spoke on the last panel. My dad was a graduate of

22 the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and he was

23 really good. We weren't permitted visual aids today

24 or I would have brought a photograph of one of his

25 works to prove it and to make the point that who
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 1 knows how many more such paintings he could have

 2 left the world had he not had so many sick days, how

 3 much larger his body of work could have been.

 4 As for my mother, a musician, she was

 5 the kindest person I've ever known, and it's really

 6 best for the world if people like her can get to

 7 live as long as possible.

 8 As for myself, I was one of thousands

 9 of unpaid caretakers in the state of Pennsylvania,

10 and the irony is just off the Boulevard we couldn't

11 afford a car, just car fumes and plenty of it. We

12 got around by public transportation. I still do.

13 And I see lots of houses and apartments in my

14 Northeast Philadelphia neighborhood in an even worse

15 position, right on the Boulevard itself basically.

16 It's their street address. They don't have to walk

17 down to the corner to see it. All they have to do

18 is look out a front window or open their front door.

19 And, of course, going through a heavily residential

20 area as it does, the Boulevard has lots of stopping

21 and starting and traffic lights throughout and major

22 four-way intersections where again there are houses

23 and apartments very close by, just a stone's throw

24 away in many cases. Not such a great spot to raise

25 kids for a number of reasons, but I have to assume
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 1 that these places, many of which are now occupied by

 2 immigrants, are all they can afford as well.

 3 Also on my work -- on my way to work

 4 each day I see far poorer communities than my own

 5 lined up near I-95 as my train goes by, the "el"

 6 that he spoke of, and 95 appears to be still worse

 7 traffic-wise.

 8 Speaking of kids, I'm a Head Start

 9 volunteer, and many Head Start children live near

10 I-95, and I'm sure you're aware that these children

11 have enough challenges to overcome without health

12 problems and the antisocial behaviors that

13 pollutants can trigger. To touch briefly just on

14 the latter, because the former is so well known, as

15 Dr. Lawrence Wilson wrote in October 2010, lead,

16 cadmium, and mercury can damage children's brains

17 and cause mood swings and violent thoughts. He

18 added, This is not a debatable issue or one that

19 needs more research. It is well known and well

20 studied but generally ignored. And he noted that

21 when the diet is low in vital minerals, as may often

22 be the case with low-income Head Start kids, the

23 body absorbs much more of the toxic metals from the

24 environment and also from their food.

25 By the way, there was a child
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 1 psychologist from Baltimore here at the last EPA

 2 hearing in May who was really fascinating and he

 3 offered many specifics on particular pollutants and

 4 certain dangerous antisocial behaviors that were

 5 directly linked. The head of that EPA panel asked

 6 him for his data after he finished, so that should

 7 be available to you back home.

 8 And because what happens to the

 9 smallest among us thanks to pollution will

10 eventually affect us all and because I now care for

11 seven very special rescued animals, I'd like to also

12 note that one of my vets, an internationally known

13 veterinary homeopath, Dr. Don Hamilton, says the

14 animals he treats today have diseases that they just

15 didn't have 30 years ago when he was in vet school.

16 Thyroid disease is just one example, and he

17 attributes this directly to environmental

18 pollutants.

19 So thank you for everything you've

20 already done over the years and for anything and

21 everything you can do now and as quickly as possible

22 to require better fuel economy and to reduce vehicle

23 emissions. My brother thinks that if I just stay in

24 our family home long enough cars will eventually be

25 so clean that it won't matter that the Boulevard is
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 1 the other side of my block. I'd like to live to see

 2 this day. But when it comes to those greenhouse gas

 3 emissions, no one knows when the tipping point will

 4 finally be reached. I'd rather not live to see that

 5 day.

 6 Thank you.

 7 MS. OGE: Thank you.

 8 I have to apologize to the panel. I

 9 do have to catch a train to go back to D.C.,

10 but my colleagues will stay here. And thank you

11 again for coming and testifying. We really

12 appreciate it.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Myron Schaefer.

14 MS. SCHAEFER: Miriam.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Miriam. Excuse me.

16 MS. SCHAEFER: So there are two of

17 you left, eh?

18 MR. MEDFORD: Three. We're going to

19 be here for the night, so don't worry.

20

21 MIRIAM SCHAEFER

22 CITIZEN

23

24 MS. SCHAEFER: So my name is Miriam

25 Schaefer, and I'm a citizen of the Commonwealth of
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 1 Pennsylvania.

 2 I watched in horror in the 1990s as

 3 our collective love affair with cars, larger and

 4 larger cars and less and less fuel efficient cars,

 5 hurtled us inevitably to war with its accompanying

 6 loss of life of Iraqis and Americans. The adoption

 7 of these standards I hope will reduce the need for

 8 this kind of war in the future, to say nothing of

 9 the cost savings to Americans who depend on

10 automobile transportation for their livelihood.

11 I am also the chief financial officer

12 for the Chemical Heritage Foundation, which is

13 located in historic Old City Philadelphia. And I

14 have to say, listening to my fellow citizens, it's

15 been great hearing all of us tell you all about the

16 great stuff we have in Philadelphia. So Chemical

17 Heritage Foundation is one of those things. And

18 it's a museum and library that studies the history

19 and impact of the chemical sciences on modern life.

20 I'm not a scientist, but working there for the past

21 10 years I have been astounded at the

22 transformations that these scientists have created

23 in human life during the last 150 years.

24 I am old enough to remember when seat

25 belts were going to bankrupt the automobile
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 1 industry. I am also old enough to remember when

 2 reducing lead was going to bankrupt the automobile

 3 industry. And yet, as we know, the creativity of

 4 the scientists and engineers in the industry easily

 5 adapted to these standards.

 6 I am delighted to see that the

 7 automobile industry has worked with you all to

 8 create these standards and which demonstrates their

 9 confidence in the creativity and ingenuity of their

10 engineers and scientists to reduce our use of finite

11 resources, while, of course, saving normal Americans

12 hundreds of dollars on their basic costs.

13 I urge you to maintain the proposed

14 standards which underline our faith and the faith of

15 the industry, in our scientists, and which history

16 has shown to be a powerful force for human good.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

19 Jay Butera.

20

21 JAY BUTERA

22 CITIZEN

23

24 MR. BUTERA: Thank you. My name is

25 Jay Butera from Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, just outside
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 1 of Philadelphia. And I'm here to speak with you as

 2 a concerned citizen and as a concerned father of

 3 four children in the next generation, and as a

 4 concerned business owner. I've built and sold three

 5 businesses in this state.

 6 I want to express my support for the

 7 regulations that you're considering here today from

 8 three basic platforms. One, I'd like to speak with

 9 you about national security, about economic

10 security, and about the environmental security.

11 On national security, we have heard a

12 lot about that today, one statistic really gives me

13 pause. If you look at the BP survey of world oil,

14 which is the bible for how much oil we have left on

15 the planet, you will see that the United States has

16 approximately 2 percent of the world's oil. And

17 this is 2 percent of a finite, diminishing resource.

18 To me, that's a scary number, because our military

19 strength depends on this oil, our economic strength

20 depends on this oil, and our way of life depends on

21 it. And here we are with just 2 percent of the

22 world's supply. You take the whole supply, we have

23 maybe 50 or 60 years. Geologists will tell you

24 that's about right. If we take the amount of oil

25 that we have in the United States and had to rely on
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 1 that for our own supply, it would last four years.

 2 So I wonder how responsible is it that we let our

 3 way of life and our economy cling to that precarious

 4 supply, to this dependence on oil from other

 5 countries? And we are, as you know, importing a

 6 billion dollars of oil a day from countries who are

 7 typically petro-dictatorships.

 8 I recently heard Admiral James

 9 Woolsey, former director of the CIA, say this: If

10 you want to know who is funding terrorists, look in

11 your rearview mirror as you drive, because it is the

12 oil that we are buying to drive these cars that

13 funds terrorists. So national security will be

14 improved by the regulation that you're

15 contemplating.

16 Economic security is another issue

17 I'm concerned about. The regulation will create

18 jobs, as you know; it will stimulate development of

19 new exportable technologies; and it will save money

20 for consumers, and what part of that don't we like?

21 Your estimates, the EPA estimates, are that the

22 vehicles created under this regulation will save a

23 consumer $6,000 and that the cost of the technology

24 to do that will be $2,000, making a net savings of

25 about $4,000 per vehicle.
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 1 So I look at that and I say, Well,

 2 it's saving $4,000 for the consumer; the $2,000 that

 3 it will cost is actually going into our

 4 manufacturing sector. So what you're basically

 5 proposing here is the equivalent of a tax cut, a

 6 rebate to stimulate consumer spending, and a program

 7 to create jobs all wrapped up in the package.

 8 And then I ask, Well, who is funding

 9 that? This is -- when you think about who is

10 funding it is the foreign petro-dictators whose oil

11 we will not be buying as a result of this

12 regulation. So this is like a tax cut, but it's

13 better because it's funded by saving money for --

14 the nation's saving money. That billion dollars

15 that we are taking out of our economy every day and

16 sending abroad will stay here in the United States

17 with our consumers and with the manufacturing

18 sector, and I think that's good.

19 And now I'd like to talk about

20 environmental security. The threat of climate

21 change and the threat of an unraveling environment

22 is just as serious as any military threat that we

23 face, any threat of terrorism that we face, and we

24 need to take that just as seriously. Climate

25 change -- I feel that any rational, objective person
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 1 who looks at the science, who looks at the evidence

 2 will understand that climate change is very real, a

 3 very serious threat, and it's unfolding right before

 4 our eyes. We've got the oceans rising; we've got

 5 the tundra melting; we've got feedback loops kicking

 6 in right now. Climate change is accelerating.

 7 This is a startling statistic that I

 8 recently heard: The United States Naval Research

 9 Institute, who studies the oceans for the Navy,

10 they're now projecting that the polar ice cap, the

11 Arctic ice at the North Pole, will be ice free,

12 melted in summer within the next five years. That

13 is not a prediction from an environmental

14 organization. That is the U.S. Navy. Imagine the

15 globe that we have all looked at for all our lives

16 covered with white, now ice free. Last year a ship

17 transited across the Arctic during the summer and

18 that was the first. These are firsts that we don't

19 want to see in our generation. So I take climate

20 change very seriously.

21 And I'd like to mention that it's not

22 just on behalf of human beings that we need to

23 consider these things. Every living creature on

24 Earth is affected by these changes in climate and

25 affected by pollution. Those polar bears on the
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 1 Arctic ice who will have nowhere to go when that ice

 2 is gone soon, they can't stop the climate change,

 3 but we can, and your rule is a good step toward

 4 doing that.

 5 MR. MEDFORD: Can I ask you to wrap

 6 up, Mr. Butera.

 7 MR. BUTERA: Yes. I'd like to just

 8 say one thing about pollution. The acceptable level

 9 for pollution, for putting toxic gases into our

10 atmosphere, the acceptable level is zero. So I

11 think we need to reset our mind on that. We cannot

12 tolerate this. It is just irrational and

13 unacceptable to think that we can put poisons into

14 the air and water. So if that's the goal, this is a

15 good step, I applaud it, I think it's bold, but we

16 can't stop here. My goal is transportation with

17 zero consumption of fossil fuels. And if we think

18 that's idealistic, consider this: This year I hope

19 to buy an electric vehicle, I hope to charge it with

20 the solar panels that I have on my roof, so that

21 will be sunlight into the car's batteries equaling

22 transportation. That is truly zero emissions

23 upstream and downstream. It's achievable with

24 today's technologies.

25 Thank you for considering these
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 1 comments.

 2 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 3 Steve Harvey.

 4

 5 STEVE HARVEY

 6 CITIZEN

 7

 8 MR. HARVEY: My name is Steve Harvey.

 9 I'm a resident of Philadelphia where I work as a

10 lawyer. I ride my bike back and forth to work every

11 day except in the most extreme weather, when I

12 usually stay home. My wife and I have two children,

13 ages seven and eight. It's largely for the benefit

14 of my children and future generations that I testify

15 today.

16 It seems to me inescapably true that

17 the population on this planet is growing, more and

18 more people here in the United States and throughout

19 the world are driving cars, and the use of oil and

20 its byproduct gasoline to fuel our cars and trucks

21 is creating long-term, serious problems for our

22 environment. At the same time we have serious

23 economic and security issues related to the use of

24 oil, as the worldwide demand for oil increases.

25 In short, we have a bundle of very
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 1 serious problems related to our use of oil. Doing

 2 nothing is not an option. We have to address these

 3 issues. If we don't address these issues, in not

 4 very many years we will experience very negative

 5 effects on our physical health, our economy, and our

 6 national security. If we don't address these

 7 issues, I fear that the children of today, as well

 8 as future generations, will not look back on our

 9 generation with the same fondness that we look back

10 on prior generations. If we don't address these

11 issues, no one will call us "The Greatest

12 Generation."

13 The good news, the very hopeful news,

14 is that as a society we are beginning to address the

15 challenges we face, including thinking of ways to

16 decrease the amount of oil we use. And I for one am

17 very grateful that the U.S. EPA is leading the way

18 with its many initiatives and efforts, including

19 with the National Highway Traffic Safety

20 Administration the proposed increase in the fuel

21 efficiency standards for cars and light trucks in

22 model years 2017 to 2025 that brings us here today.

23 I have spoken to many people about

24 the proposed fuel efficiency standards: to family,

25 to friends, to colleagues, and neighbors. The
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 1 reaction of everyone I have spoken to about this can

 2 be summed up in the words of a woman I met in an

 3 exercise class this morning: It seems like a

 4 no-brainer, she said. That's exactly what this

 5 proposal for increased fuel efficiency is, a

 6 no-brainer.

 7 I know that the EPA and NHTSA can't

 8 just call something a no-brainer and make it law, so

 9 I appreciate and thank you for holding this hearing

10 and for the very thoughtful way you approach that

11 subject. I sincerely hope that EPA and NHTSA will

12 take this very important step towards decreasing our

13 dependence on oil for the benefit of our children

14 and future generations. And maybe, just maybe, if

15 we take this step and some other similarly prudent

16 and wise steps, those future generations will admire

17 us for thinking ahead and taking prudent action to

18 protect ourselves, our planet, and our way of life

19 by decreasing our dependence on oil.

20 Let me close by thanking you for your

21 attention and let me thank the other panelists. I

22 take real hope knowing that there are so many

23 compelling spokespersons on this issue. This is our

24 generation's time to stand and face the greatest

25 threat of our time.
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 1 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

 2 Meryl Wasilewski.

 3

 4 MERYL WASILEWSKI

 5 CITIZEN

 6

 7 MS. WASILEWSKI: Hello. I was so

 8 afraid I was going to knock over the water. I'm

 9 terrible at public speaking, so I'm going to

10 precurse with that. I ran away from here for a

11 little bit -- I was here this morning -- because I

12 just couldn't come up here. So it's not that bad

13 now. I'm kind of glad that there is three of you up

14 there, so it's a good thing for me.

15 MR. MEDFORD: We're friends. Don't

16 worry. Think of us as some of your family. You're

17 talking to family.

18 MS. WASILEWSKI: My name is Meryl Ann

19 Wasilewski. I'm an environmental science major at

20 RVCC. You know, it's a pleasure to be here today to

21 listen to everyone. I feel for everyone and what

22 they said, and I can relate, of course, and so can

23 you guys.

24 I came here from New Jersey to

25 address the imbalance that's been taking place in
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 1 our environment, in our world, in our politics and

 2 our economy and everything, but -- so, we obviously

 3 have a problem with our use of fossil fuels, and

 4 it's resulted in serious health problems, depletion

 5 of our natural resources, probably permanent damage

 6 to our planet's environmental atmosphere completely

 7 and permanently. So our need for fossil fuels has

 8 further complicated our issues with other nations on

 9 top of that that we already had underlying

10 disagreements with. So now we're plunged into

11 economic crisis and we struggle to pay for gasoline

12 as well as our medical bills, personal experience

13 with my family.

14 So all of this we know is directly

15 caused by our actions, not just fossil fuels, other

16 things, lots of other things. So we should ask, Is

17 there a better way? That should be something we're

18 always striving to get. And I feel that we are not

19 using the best methods of fuel at all, even though

20 we have the advancements and the capabilities to

21 harness them. You know, I understand the forum is

22 not a debate or a session for or against the use of

23 oil, period, but I personally just don't condone it.

24 I know that there are better ways. It's still going

25 to take steps and ways to get there, so I won't
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 1 pretend I know everything that I'm talking about.

 2 I'm still a student. Did I mention that?

 3 MR. MEDFORD: Yes, you did.

 4 MS. WASILEWSKI: So basically from a

 5 logical and professional point of view,

 6 sustainability, you have to meet the needs of

 7 environmental, social, and economic issues. So you

 8 have to make everyone happy. And personally I feel

 9 that social and economic issues have been primary

10 for about a hundred years. So the environmental

11 issues or meeting those needs were kept on the back

12 burner for a hundred years. So what are we going to

13 do to change that?

14 I mean, why were automobiles invented

15 to begin with? It's because we wanted to know the

16 best way to get from point A to point B, and our

17 environment and our society and our civilization was

18 speeding up and we also needed a faster way to get

19 from point A to point B. So now that we recognize

20 the harms that our fuel has done to our environment,

21 I think it's safe to say it's not the best way to

22 get from point A to point B anymore.

23 I support your initiative to raise

24 the fuel efficiency standard to 54 point something

25 miles per gallon. But I believe it will just -- it
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 1 should just be the start of what we need to fix what

 2 we've done. And when I say "we," I just mean

 3 humans, history sort of thing, so don't be offended.

 4 But I just want to point out, I'm

 5 going to make this quick because I know you guys are

 6 tired, but this whole Earth is our habitat, and I'm

 7 sure you know, I'm sure that everyone watches the

 8 Science Channel and National Geographic and all

 9 those good shows, but our planet has a very strict

10 criteria to allow life at all, so that's extremely

11 significant, extremely important. It made our

12 existence possible. So we can also owe our achieved

13 intelligence and our ability to be as

14 technologically advanced as we are today to having a

15 stable-enough environment to allow that to occur.

16 So I think we owe it to our planet to better

17 ourselves and better everything.

18 And I know people get discouraged

19 like I did before I started speaking today that I'm

20 only one person, how could I ever make a difference,

21 and I felt like everyone has already said what I

22 could say so far. So I just want to say one thing

23 to you guys, because I'm honored to be in front of

24 the EPA and I learn all about it and I follow

25 everything, every action that you guys make and I
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 1 support you 100 percent, but I'm begging you please

 2 don't let it stop here, you know. I think that's

 3 great, 54 point something miles per gallon, it's

 4 going to make a lot of difference, but there is much

 5 more that we need to change.

 6 And I know you guys are doing

 7 everything you can to do that, and I'm sure you have

 8 obstacles as well in your way. It must be really

 9 hard to sit in a forum like this all day and hear --

10 I mean, I don't know, I missed most of it because I

11 ran away, but I'm sure a lot -- I don't know if

12 anybody gets up and is angry or anything like that,

13 but I know that's not the case. As individuals I'm

14 sure you guys care about the same exact things that

15 everyone does here, so I thank you for that and I

16 just want to remind you that we don't have the same

17 amount of time to make a difference as we did to get

18 to this point. We don't have that much time.

19 Okay. So thank you for letting me

20 speak.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. And thank

22 you for coming back. And the truth is that, you

23 know, we all -- at least some of these guys work in

24 Ann Arbor, most of us work in Washington, and it's

25 really refreshing to get out in the country and to
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 1 hear people who have thoughtful things to say and

 2 have real data and knowledge about what we're doing

 3 to sort of give us some affirmation that we're all

 4 on the right path. So we really appreciate you

 5 taking your time and having very thoughtful

 6 comments, so thank you very much.

 7 Now we're ready to move to Panel 12.

 8 Mr. Colgan-Davis, Arreta Keefer, Jim

 9 Black, Carol Weinbaum, William Kramer, Andrew Blum,

10 Kathy Wich (sic), Jonathan Katz, and Andrea Farally

11 (sic).

12

13 JOHN COLGAN-DAVIS

14 CITIZEN

15

16 MR. COLGAN-DAVIS: Hi, my name is

17 John Colgan-Davis, and I want to thank you for being

18 here. I love the fact that you have the

19 opportunity, as you just talked about, to hear from

20 people, actual people, who actually deal with the

21 consequences of what the EPA does or doesn't do and

22 who actually have an on-the-ground type of reality

23 to talk about. I want to thank everybody who I've

24 heard here. I've heard some incredible things,

25 both, you know, people's experiences and also about
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 1 some of the science and some of the facts and

 2 numbers.

 3 And I'm here in three capacities.

 4 One, I'm a history teacher. I teach seventh and

 5 eighth grade history. I'm a bird-watcher. I spend

 6 a lot of time birding and hiking and all that. And

 7 I am also a citizen, and I appreciate the fact that

 8 I get a chance to talk to my government. And I know

 9 it's corny, but there aren't too many places around

10 the world where I can -- you know, a citizen can

11 just get up and talk to a government agency and know

12 that I'll get up tomorrow in my home, you know. And

13 I do not want to underplay that. I do not want to

14 underplay that because that's very important.

15 As a history teacher, one of the

16 things I teach is ancient history, and one of the

17 things we study is civilizations, and I make a

18 couple of general statements. One general statement

19 that I make is that every civilization ever, whether

20 you're talking about Ancient Sumer, Rome, whatever,

21 or the United States of America in the 21st century,

22 civilization is not an environmentally friendly way

23 of living. And we looked at how in the Indus Valley

24 the Sumer was overdrawn. The crops weren't rotated,

25 the ground wasn't replenished, and as a result Sumer
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 1 had a problem. We look at how Ancient Rome got

 2 dependent on things that came from outside its

 3 borders, gems and spices and things from Asia,

 4 medicine, people from Africa and other places, and

 5 that when those things came in shorter supply, Rome

 6 got involved in more and more wars to get access to

 7 those resources. And then I try to allow the kids

 8 to make the connections and say, Oh, gee, sounds

 9 like oil. And that's a very serious thing to me.

10 One of the things I love about being

11 alive at this point in time is that we have a

12 capacity that not a lot of other civilizations, as I

13 look through it, have had in history. We have the

14 capacity to see where we're headed. Think about

15 that for a second. In Ancient Rome they didn't

16 necessarily know what was going to happen. In

17 Ancient Sumer they didn't know, you know, if I get

18 this resource and I become addicted to it, at some

19 point in time it's going to come out -- it's going

20 to run out and I'm going to have to fight someone.

21 They couldn't necessarily think all that through.

22 We have that ability. So it's a wonderful

23 opportunity for us to think largely about what we

24 want to do to our world.

25 And to me, all the arguments that
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 1 I've spent time looking at, people who are against a

 2 lot of the regulations, I've read arguments for the

 3 regulations, and the regulations made perfect sense

 4 to me. There is no way using less fuel hurts the

 5 United States. I mean, I haven't seen anything

 6 logically presented that says energy efficiency will

 7 hurt the United States, whether economically or

 8 otherwise. I'm also the son of someone who was a

 9 union member. And I think that it would give the

10 opportunity for new innovation and technology and

11 stuff and bring jobs back here.

12 It's no coincidence that while the

13 American auto industry was holding steady with this

14 20.7 per gallon, whatever, other countries had auto

15 companies that were innovating and looking for

16 efficiency and we lost a lot of auto share to Toyota

17 and to Honda. Well, gee, what companies across the

18 board have the best fuel efficiency? So there is

19 that point.

20 Second point, I'm a birder. I spend

21 a lot of time in woods when I can. I like to get up

22 to mountains, around lakes, and all that type of

23 thing. And one of the things that I've noticed and

24 the whole birding world has noticed over the past 25

25 years is the decline in habitat for species.
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 1 Numbers of things that when I started birding in

 2 1972, when I looked in my, you know, field guide, it

 3 said common in this area. Now, if I get a modern

 4 field guide, it's uncommon or rare. A lot of that

 5 has to do with a lot of what we are building and

 6 stuff, and what's fueled a lot of that overbuilding

 7 is the automobile.

 8 And I think that we need to look at a

 9 broader sense of what the effect is of the size of

10 our footprint, and we have a huge footprint. We

11 have an incredibly huge footprint on the planet, and

12 I'm concerned about that.

13 Finally, the thing that drives me

14 here is -- and I was glad to hear the people with

15 the personal talking about it. I'm an

16 African-American. There are tons of health problems

17 in the African-American community, and a lot of them

18 can be tied directly to problems with pollutants,

19 emissions, and that type of thing, and it's almost

20 never talked about. I was so happy to hear several

21 people talk about it. I'm not going to go into any

22 details about it because we have a lot of people

23 here, but I just want to state that that has to be

24 part of the record. This stuff affects people.

25 What we do as a country, as a society, as a culture
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 1 affects real, live people, not aggregate groups, not

 2 statistical norms, people.

 3 Thank you.

 4 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 5 Just wanted to -- if you hear a sound, that sound

 6 like a doorbell, that means your time is up.

 7 Ms. Keefer.

 8

 9 ARRETTA KEEFER

10 CITIZEN

11

12 MS. KEEFER: Good evening. I'm here

13 in spite of the fact that on Tuesday I happened to

14 break a toe and wasn't able to walk. But I was very

15 determined to be here and have my say and thank all

16 of you with the EPA for doing your job to help

17 protect us from what's been going on.

18 When I was young, when my three

19 sisters and I were growing up in Philadelphia, we

20 were very fortunate to have parents who cared about

21 the environment and taught us to appreciate and

22 respect every living creature on Earth and

23 everything of natural beauty. They used to pile the

24 family into the old, yellow Ford station wagon and

25 away we flied to parks and nature trails throughout
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 1 Pennsylvania and New Jersey, every weekend. The

 2 values that they taught us have remained in our

 3 lives throughout our lives. I remember that old

 4 Ford V8 engine got up to 15 miles per gallon. Wow.

 5 And away we went. And even the gas was like 26

 6 cents a gallon. We thought we were doing great.

 7 Today, thanks to efficient engines

 8 and greater automotive technologies, there are auto

 9 manufacturers available who are offering several

10 models that can, if you would believe the hype in

11 their advertising campaigns, they can get up to 40

12 miles per gallon and over, and it's remarkable.

13 However, fuel costs have risen to an all-time high.

14 An action resulting in millions of drivers

15 throughout the world having to forego the vacations

16 and the little trips that they took with their

17 families, as we did when we were young, because of

18 the cost and the rising cost of fuel.

19 It isn't only the continual price

20 gouging of oil that should concern each of us here,

21 it's what all of the emissions of all of those

22 vehicles all those years all over the world has done

23 to our atmosphere, our ozone. That should really

24 concern every one of us.

25 I myself grew up with chronic
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 1 bronchitis. I lost a mother to emphysema, my father

 2 and my grandmother died of cancer, and I have

 3 another sister who died of diabetes, and one who

 4 also has diabetes today. That's not by accident.

 5 And we were very careful.

 6 A few short years ago in 2006, in

 7 spite of the skepticism against his views, Vice

 8 President Al Gore wrote a book and turned it into a

 9 award-winning documentary titled "An Inconvenient

10 Truth," for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize the

11 following year, 2007. Until that film forced

12 everyone to take a long, hard look at the

13 overwhelming facts, the majority of the world's

14 population was still in denial. They simply

15 wouldn't believe that they, we, were responsible for

16 the drastic results from all of the pollution we had

17 created within the past century, whether that was

18 the industrial waste and toxic emissions released

19 into the atmosphere or lakes and oceans, the massive

20 expulsion of diesel- and gas-propelled vehicles

21 throughout the world, or the mindless destruction of

22 natural habitat in favor of building more and more

23 homes and businesses without regard for the land or

24 the protection and preservation of ecological

25 balance. We were all to blame.
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 1 While we can never hope to undo that

 2 which has been done, there still remains hope for

 3 our planet's future. We cannot now afford to not

 4 get involved personally because we don't have a

 5 choice if you want to preserve our planet for future

 6 generations to enjoy.

 7 On December 2, 1970 the EPA was

 8 created to consolidate in one agency a variety of

 9 federal research, monitoring, standard setting, and

10 enforcement activities to ensure environmental

11 protection. Since its inception, the EPA has been

12 working tirelessly for a cleaner, healthier

13 environment for the American people. We need to

14 show the EPA that we demand cleaner and greener

15 transportation, as well as creation and enforcement

16 of laws protecting our woodlands, parks, wilderness,

17 and every creature that inhabits them.

18 I'm sadly aware that there is great

19 apathy among the masses who have lost faith in the

20 power of the people. They believe that their vote

21 does not count, that no one person can change the

22 world. They've forgotten about men like Washington,

23 Lincoln, Martin Luther King, and, yes, Al Gore. To

24 these people I would like to leave a visual image to

25 remind them.
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 1 Imagine if you would a bucket of

 2 water in your yard. Imagine a single raindrop

 3 hitting that water. And what happens? You see from

 4 that single drop circles radiating from that center,

 5 from the source, each one bigger than the next until

 6 it stops only when it reached the bucket itself.

 7 Imagine an ocean being bombarded not by one drop of

 8 rain, but an entire rainstorm. The result is

 9 exactly the same as what happens in that bucket, but

10 the impact becomes infinite.

11 This is what happens when we all

12 believe in and support a common goal or action. In

13 this case, we are all here to tell the EPA that we

14 are counting upon it to protect our future by

15 enforcing the automobile manufacturers' stronger,

16 more-accountable program for a cleaner, greener

17 transportation.

18 And thank you for allowing me to have

19 my say.

20 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

21 Mr. Black.

22

23 JIM BLACK

24 CITIZEN

25
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 1 MR. BLACK: Yes. Thank you. My name

 2 is Jim Black, and I'm the founder of the Partnership

 3 for Sustainability. We are a Delaware-based

 4 environmental organization. And I'm going to forget

 5 the notes that I wrote here because other people

 6 have covered everything I was going to say much more

 7 eloquently.

 8 But what I'd like to offer is I have

 9 a friend who works for one of the two refineries

10 that are left in the Delaware Valley that's still

11 scheduled to stay open. He's an environmental

12 engineer there. And one of the things that he

13 always tells groups that I find is illuminating is

14 he always asks, What industry did the oil industry

15 put out of business? And the answer is the whaling

16 industry. The whaling industry didn't collapse

17 because they ran out of whales, though they were

18 getting close to doing that. It ended because

19 petroleum could produce the lubricants and the fuels

20 that we needed much more cheaply. And the reason

21 why I'm bringing this up is the rule that you're

22 proposing is going to drive exactly the kind of

23 innovation that we need to find what is the next

24 industry to replace the oil industry. So with that,

25 I'll help us to catch up on our time.
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 1 Thank you.

 2 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 3 Ms. Weinbaum.

 4

 5 CAROL WEINBAUM

 6 CITIZEN

 7

 8 MS. WEINBAUM: Hi, I'm Carol Weinbaum

 9 speaking as a citizen of Philadelphia, and thank you

10 for coming. Thank you for coming to a Center City

11 location which we could access by public

12 transportation.

13 Speaking as a concerned citizen of

14 our city, I'm someone who is a joiner of groups, the

15 Sierra Club and the League of Women Voters being

16 among my favorites. I support actions and

17 legislation based not in self-interests nor in

18 economic gain, but in benefit to all Americans.

19 Your efforts on behalf of reducing the use of

20 automobile fuel and stressing the value of its

21 economies are much appreciated. It is my belief

22 that too many of us use too much gas, spend too much

23 time in our cars, think too little about the

24 consequences of these actions. And if we do not

25 voluntarily reduce the usage, then we must have
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 1 governmental regulation, this legislative action, to

 2 enforce the value of such reduction.

 3 The League of Women Voters last July

 4 studied the effect of gasoline emissions and other

 5 pollutants on air quality and we issued a Clean Air

 6 Promise. I won't read it right now, but I have it

 7 here for you of record. We must promise to clean up

 8 the air however we can. We indicate that good

 9 health of all citizens is impacted by poor air

10 quality and we know that emissions of motor vehicles

11 are responsible for a hefty portion of that

12 unhealthy air. Efforts must be made now and in the

13 future to reduce those bad effects.

14 I've also got a publication from the

15 AARP. It indicates many ways in which auto travel

16 is costly. Last year the AARP finds households

17 spent $3,235 on gas, which was $700 more than in

18 2010. In a time of tight budgets, low interest on

19 savings, and so many home mortgage foreclosures,

20 don't we wish that expenditure would be going down

21 instead of up? Shouldn't the current high price of

22 a gallon of gas be motivation enough to buy more

23 economical vehicles? Shouldn't we discourage the

24 purchase of large vehicles, such as minivans,

25 crossovers, and trucks, which guzzle gas even though
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 1 we make the proposed goals for economy?

 2 Licensing fees on large cars and

 3 trucks ought to be significantly high so that

 4 potential owners would balance their real need for

 5 such cars with the cost of ownership. Perhaps the

 6 price of gas alone doesn't do it. Most drivers

 7 commute alone in a car every day.

 8 We could also discuss the use of

 9 large amounts of gasoline as the balance of payment

10 issue. Let's not forget, much of the fuel comes

11 from other countries. The top five, according to my

12 sources, are Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico,

13 Venezuela, and Nigeria. Is it wise for us to

14 continue to let dollars flow out to those countries?

15 Some of them have political systems we do not

16 support with our words, but we do so with our

17 wealth.

18 All the concerns I express are those

19 of me, an ordinary citizen. I have no expertise in

20 chemistry. I don't understand hydrofluorocarbons or

21 CO2 emissions or scientifically measuring air

22 quality, nor do I know much about the issues of

23 climate change, ozone layer depletion, or the harm

24 to future generations if we leave these matters

25 unchecked. I leave those matters to you, to the
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 1 experts in our government, to agencies to whom we

 2 entrust our decision making on matters too difficult

 3 for all of us to fully comprehend. Please note

 4 there are many Philadelphians who did not come here

 5 today who are likewise concerned and whose health

 6 and economic well-being is tied up in these issues.

 7 Thank you for listening.

 8 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 9 Mr. Kramer.

10

11 WILLIAM KRAMER

12 SIERRA CLUB

13

14 MR. KRAMER: Good evening. My name

15 is William Kramer, and I'm an organizer with the

16 Sierra Club here in Philadelphia. And just like

17 everybody else has told their personal story, I

18 don't drive very much and I mostly take the train.

19 My wife and I share one car, mainly because we have

20 a five-year-old son. And, actually, I hate cars. I

21 lived in Los Angeles and really learned to hate

22 cars, so my wife does all the driving.

23 A lot of you have heard today about a

24 lot of facts and figures about why it's important to

25 mandate higher fuel efficiency standards, so I'm not
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 1 going to dwell on data. For me, climate change is a

 2 very personal issue for three reasons. For one, I

 3 speak as a father of a five-year-old named Noah, and

 4 if you read the bible, you know what Noah's job was

 5 back then. So when I read about global warming

 6 predictions explaining extreme weather, floods,

 7 drought, wars, and food fights that are anticipated

 8 in 2035 and 2050, I do the math and realize that my

 9 son will be 29 and 44 years old during those time

10 periods. His generation will suffer the bulk of the

11 consequences of our failure to act today.

12 I also speak as an internationalist.

13 I think that perspective hasn't been brought up

14 enough today. We Americans have responsibility to

15 other parts of the world, too, as the largest

16 climate emitter historically.

17 Before coming to the Sierra Club, I

18 also worked with peasant farmers. And if you don't

19 know who they are, they are about 40 to 50 percent

20 of the world's population from around the world.

21 These include people from Africa, Bangladesh,

22 Bolivia, Guatemala, India, and Mexico, and in some

23 of these countries 70 to 80 percent of their

24 population are peasant farmers. Climate science

25 tells us people from these countries, and especially
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 1 the rural communities, will be most affected by

 2 climate change. Some of these people are my friends

 3 based on working with them for years, and I feel

 4 compelled to act in support of their struggles.

 5 Finally, I also recognize that

 6 addressing climate change means creating jobs for

 7 the unemployed and working people in the United

 8 States, the 99 percent. In short, those who have

 9 the most to lose from climate change in our country,

10 the poor and working people, have the most to gain

11 from the creation of green jobs.

12 Climate scientists tell us that we're

13 in a period of profound and potentially catastrophic

14 warming. However, they also tell us that if we act

15 together globally, but particularly industrialized

16 nations like the United States with its historical

17 role of producing greenhouse gas emissions, we may

18 be able to stave off the worst of these changes. We

19 have the technology and the manufacturing

20 capabilities to dramatically reduce our carbon

21 emissions. What has been lacking until recently has

22 been the political will.

23 The climate talks in Durban were a

24 big disappointment, especially the poor countries in

25 Africa and other developing countries in island
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 1 nations, but also to environmental groups and many

 2 others in the United States. The fact that the EPA

 3 is holding this hearing and so many people are here

 4 in Philadelphia coming out to support this standard

 5 represents for me the hope that we really can do

 6 what it takes to protect our planet before it's too

 7 late.

 8 Thank you for your time.

 9 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

10 Mr. Blum.

11

12 ANDREW BLUM

13 CONSERVATION PENNSYLVANIA

14

15 MR. BLUM: My name is Andrew Blum.

16 I'm here on behalf of Conservation Pennsylvania.

17 And I think one of the things that gets overlooked

18 is just the current state of fuel efficiency and how

19 much that impacts social mobility in the world. So

20 I have a -- I'm going to try to convert what is an

21 image into statistics for you.

22 So I think this basically -- and I'm

23 going to go over this very briefly -- this takes the

24 assumption that your one-way commute is about 19

25 miles in mixed hot traffic. The IRS would estimate
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 1 the total cost of driving to be about 51 cents per

 2 mile. We would estimate that your 19-mile commute

 3 would take about 40 minutes each way. So let's see

 4 what happens when we multiply those numbers over 10

 5 years.

 6 So 38 miles per day times 50 cents a

 7 gallon, $19 a day direct driving and car ownership

 8 costs. So if you drove your car to lunch, make it

 9 an even 20. If you're in your car 80 minutes every

10 day, I think a lot of people who have to get to jobs

11 are, that's the equivalent amount of time the

12 average person drives. So the dual-commuting

13 household at $19 a day times 10 years times two

14 vehicles, the two people that live in that house,

15 costs roughly $125,000, and that's over 10 years.

16 Eighty minutes per day over 10 years is the

17 equivalent of 1.6 working years. That's over 10

18 years you're going to spend that much time

19 commuting. Most 30-year-old couples today 10 years

20 into adulthood don't even have $125,000 in net

21 worth, and they probably drive around quite a bit in

22 expensive financed cars mostly as a part of a

23 self-imposed commute.

24 These facts are directly related. If

25 you take 80 minutes per day times 10 years, it's 1.6
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 1 work years in revenue you're losing. Eighty minutes

 2 a day times 6 hours and 40 minutes a week, almost

 3 another full day. Times 50 weeks, 330 hours and 20

 4 minutes. That's the essential of eight weeks.

 5 Multiply that by 10 years, 333,000 hours and 20

 6 minutes. That's the equivalent of eight work months

 7 over 10 years.

 8 So some people would say, Well, I

 9 drive a Prius. Buy the right car for $5,000 you

10 might be able to squeeze $100,000 out of it with no

11 major repairs in the case the car depreciation is 5

12 cents a mile. Car depreciation at 5 cents a mile,

13 gas at 3.50 a gallon at 35 miles per gallon, which I

14 think is a very liberal estimation, equals about 10

15 cents a mile. Your tires are going to be about .6

16 cents a mile and oil is going to be about half a

17 cent a mile; miscellaneous maintenance will be $200

18 for every 20 miles.

19 The ultimate driving in a paid-off

20 economy car is 17 cents a mile plus insurance.

21 Let's split the difference and say you don't have a

22 hybrid but you have a standard car. Assuming the

23 cost of driving is 34 cents a mile and your salary

24 is $25 an hour, which is, again, very nice if you

25 can get that these days, a mile commute at each
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 1 distance each way, 500 miles a year is going to cost

 2 you $170. Six minutes, which is a three-minute

 3 drive each way, 25 hours per year is going to cost

 4 you $625. If you add these two numbers together,

 5 then you find that each mile you live from work

 6 costs you about $800 in commuting expenses per year.

 7 Now, if we take that $795 per year,

 8 that pays the interest on a $16,000 home at

 9 5 percent interest rate. The amount extra you could

10 afford to spend on work that's 30 miles closer to

11 your home over the course of 10 years is almost

12 $500,000. So essentially it's the equivalent, if

13 you live 30 miles closer to home, of owning a

14 $16,000 house and half-a-million-dollar house. For

15 a double-commuting couple, these numbers are a

16 $31,800 house and almost a million-dollar house.

17 Adapting the numbers for minimum

18 wage, if you make 7.50 an hour, that makes the mile

19 of car commuting to $1.90 for your workday, and if

20 you drive 10 miles to a five-hour work shift, your

21 effective hourly wage if you were already making

22 minimum wage after subtracting car costs and adding

23 drive time is $5.32.

24 And I think if you look at some of

25 these numbers and you look at the social mobility
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 1 that a car gives you in getting a job and

 2 developing, you know, your career, all environmental

 3 issues aside, which, of course, I'm very passionate

 4 about, I'm a field director for an environmental

 5 organization, just from the fiscal side you can tell

 6 this is damaging social mobility and really making

 7 it harder for people who want to break through to

 8 get the kind of job that they can afford and the

 9 house that they want.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

11 Katy Wich.

12

13 KATY WICH

14 CITIZEN

15

16 MS. WICH: Thank you so much for

17 having me here today. I'm also a concerned citizen.

18 I live here in Philadelphia, but I actually grew up

19 in the countryside, so I'm a part of the population

20 who doesn't necessarily -- or was part of the

21 population that didn't necessarily have a choice but

22 to have a car. And so I see the adoption of new

23 global warming and fuel efficiency standards for

24 cars and light trucks to be a win-win situation for

25 someone like me.
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 1 So, first of all, I actually love to

 2 drive. It's very strange. I grew up in the

 3 countryside and we had no choice but to drive to get

 4 places, and my car was my social lifeline and my

 5 means to get to work. But overall I also just love

 6 driving. You put me on the open road, I love to

 7 cruise down, or any curvy, woodsy lane I feel right

 8 at home.

 9 On the other hand, I love to walk and

10 hike through the great outdoors, and I spent many

11 years hiking in Pennsylvania and New Hampshire and

12 in all types of seasons. But now that I live in

13 Philadelphia and I don't need my car for my social

14 life or to get to work, I will actually walk

15 everywhere, and I couldn't be happier because I do

16 understand that driving has a huge impact on the

17 environment.

18 So I'm thinking with the tighter fuel

19 efficiency standards and global warming rules these

20 two loves of mine will be even better, because I am

21 actually very concerned about what's going on. So

22 while I walk around this city in rain or shine, hot

23 and cold, I'm constantly thinking about the amount

24 of fuel drivers are wasting as they whiz past me

25 from stop sign to stop sign. I also think about how
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 1 our dependency on and overuse of oil and all that it

 2 takes to process it, like the oil that's extracted

 3 from the tar sands in Canada, how it's impacting our

 4 climate. I don't want my winter hikes in New

 5 Hampshire to feel like my winter hikes in

 6 Pennsylvania or my winter hikes in Pennsylvania to

 7 feel like my winter hikes in South Carolina.

 8 So I wholeheartedly support the new

 9 fuel efficiency and global warming rules as part of

10 an overall effort to combat global climate change.

11 And even though I don't need a car for everyday

12 activities, I actually still have one, and it's on

13 its very last leg. It's a 1996 and it's got almost

14 200,000 miles. It's done well, but it's about to

15 go. One of my top concerns right now is fuel

16 economy, but like many people, I can't actually

17 afford a hybrid or an electric car. So right now

18 I'm going to have to settle for a good used car,

19 probably a Japanese model, for about 35 miles per

20 gallon. But in the future years with these changes

21 I will actually be able to afford a new car and

22 maybe it won't be a hybrid or electric either, but a

23 new car that gets 45 to 50 miles per gallon.

24 What I like about these standards is

25 they aren't just about smaller cars, hybrids, and
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 1 electrics, but they are really putting average

 2 Americans like me closer to the chance of having a

 3 car with great fuel economy for not exorbitant

 4 prices. Who knows, in about five years I could have

 5 two kids and a dog and I'll need a bigger car, but

 6 that will probably just be a sedan, and I'll

 7 definitely appreciate the money that I'm saving in

 8 gas, and that money will probably go right back into

 9 the economy, because again, people, average

10 Americans, once we get it back in our pockets, we

11 are spending it.

12 So I just wanted to thank you for

13 your time.

14 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

15 MS. WICH: Thank you for coming up

16 here or out here.

17 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

18 Mr. Katz.

19

20 JONATHAN KATZ

21 CITIZEN

22

23 MR. KATZ: I'd like to thank you for

24 the opportunity to speak today. My name is Jonathan

25 Katz. I'm a physician and researcher at the
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 1 University of Pennsylvania. I'm a Philadelphia

 2 resident and the father of two girls, Alison, age

 3 eight, and Rachel, age five, soon to be six.

 4 Improving fuel efficiency standards

 5 is not something we should do, it's something we

 6 must do, and I applaud you for this program.

 7 I'd like to also give you a parallel

 8 from my line of work. In 1990 the U.S. Department

 9 of Energy and the National Institutes of Health

10 began an effort to sequence the complete human

11 genome. The Human Genome Project took 13 years at a

12 cost of nearly $3 billion. This project has been

13 widely hailed as a success, and it's clear that it

14 will benefit biological research in human health for

15 years to come. So as I said, think about those

16 figures, 13 years, which was actually two years

17 early, and $3 billion. Now, two California

18 companies, Illumina and Life Technology, have built

19 machines that will sequence an entire human genome

20 in a day at a cost of $1,000. So we've gone from

21 1990 at the start of this program to now and have

22 been able to cut that cost in that time.

23 To say that U.S. automakers can't

24 make dramatic improvements in fuel efficiency

25 standards is to insult their American ingenuity.
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 1 The effects of these changes for fuel efficiency,

 2 like the Human Genome Project, will benefit human

 3 health and our children's health for years to come.

 4 Thank you.

 5 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

 6 And last I -- I know we have the

 7 spelling wrong, so I'm stretching my eyes to see.

 8 Is it Finally or --

 9 MS. FARALLY: Farally.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Farally. Thank you.

11

12 ARDRA FARALLY

13 CITIZEN

14

15 MS. FARALLY: My name is Ardra

16 Farally and good evening. Thank you for taking time

17 out of your busy schedule to listen to us go on

18 about our personal lives. I'm sure you've had a

19 very long day, so I will attempt to keep this brief.

20 I actually just marked off about three paragraphs of

21 what I was going to say, so if you'd like to read

22 it, everybody has a copy.

23 I have the immense privilege of not

24 only visiting all 48 continental states but also to

25 live in six of them. In chronological order it's
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 1 Washington state, Alabama, Wisconsin, where I

 2 received my bachelor's in chemistry, Kentucky,

 3 Tennessee, and finally Pennsylvania, where I met my

 4 husband, earned my master's degree in chemistry from

 5 Temple, and started a family. One thing I've

 6 learned from living all over the country is that

 7 while each region has its own personality, people

 8 are fundamentally the same: We all work hard, love

 9 good food, are always looking to save a few dollars,

10 and, most importantly, love our country and want it

11 to be the best.

12 The harsh reality is that we are

13 falling behind the rest of the world in major

14 factors such as education, health care, income

15 equality, and the topic of this hearing, green

16 energy. I applaud the current efforts of the Obama

17 Administration, as well as the hard work and

18 dedication of the auto industry, their unions, the

19 environmental advocates to draft this very important

20 legislation. But the battle has been going on for

21 much longer than that. Back in 1979, when president

22 Jimmy Carter brazenly had solar panels installed on

23 the White House, encouraged people to wear a

24 sweater, and turn down the heat, it was a huge push

25 forward by a country that was accustomed to being
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 1 first. At the dedication ceremony he said, "A

 2 generation from now, this solar heater can either be

 3 a curiosity, a museum piece, an example of a road

 4 not taken or it can be a small part of one of the

 5 greatest and most exciting adventures ever

 6 undertaken by the American people."

 7 Yet instead of praise, one would have

 8 thought that he was King Louis XVI suggesting that

 9 the starving Frenchmen eat potatoes. Didn't he know

10 that they were poison? So too were the American

11 people aghast at the suggestion that we give up our

12 right to turn up the heat and use as much energy as

13 we pleased. To that end, President Carter lost his

14 re-election campaign and President Reagan promptly

15 ripped out the solar panels and reinstalled the oil

16 tanks. America continued its love affair with

17 fossil fuels and a school in Maine received some

18 lovely, gently used solar panels that were used

19 until 2005. I am ashamed to say that the former

20 part of his prediction has come true. The solar

21 panels now are in museums in D.C., Virginia, and

22 China. It became the road not traveled.

23 Despite President Carter's failure to

24 sell the American people on green energy, this

25 incident shows how important the conviction of the
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 1 Commander in Chief can be. While solar, wind, and

 2 other forms of green technology have certainly come

 3 a long way since 1979, they still seem to be losing

 4 the battle with oil, natural gas, and coal. A

 5 recent study performed by the Yale Project on

 6 Climate Change found that while 63 percent of adults

 7 believe that climate change is real, only 54 percent

 8 of teens agreed. That means that we're doing a poor

 9 job of convincing the next generation that which

10 scientists know to be true; climate change is real

11 and the burning of fossil fuels is a contributing

12 factor. Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson recently put it

13 best when he said, "The good thing about science is

14 that it's true whether or not you believe in it."

15 Unfortunately, scientists are notoriously lousy

16 salesmen.

17 President Obama certainly has an

18 uphill battle selling this regulation. But, being

19 an eternal optimist, I have hope. The U.S. military

20 has started using portable solar panels in theater

21 to help power generators and communications. The

22 Navy has promised to utilize non-fossil fuels for

23 50 percent of their power by 2020. Since the

24 Pentagon is the country's largest consumer of fossil

25 fuels, this move towards green energy should
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 1 stabilize the energy -- the industry and help move

 2 it forward. Although the military insists that it

 3 is a dollars and cents issue, the positive impact on

 4 the environment is just a bonus. Either way, it's

 5 another huge win for green technology.

 6 The mantra that we keep hearing from

 7 Big Oil and the auto industry is that the high gas

 8 prices and increased vehicle prices are mostly due

 9 to the EPA and other government regulations; that

10 more regulations will simply continue to increase

11 costs that they will pass on to the consumer. But

12 the solution isn't to reduce those regulations, but

13 to encourage more fuel efficient cars, more fuel

14 efficient roads, update our infrastructure and

15 invest in public transportation. This isn't just

16 about me and my family saving a few dollars, but

17 it's about all of us progressing as a nation and

18 continuing to make this country and this world a

19 better place to live.

20 I do not envy the effort that you

21 will require to convince the public that this is the

22 right path, but you have my full and enthusiastic

23 support. I hope that President Obama and his

24 administration continue to lead by example and work

25 for a better future for all of us, not just those
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 1 with an oil well. I dream about what the country

 2 would be like if we had continued on the path that

 3 Present Carter began. I like to think that we'd be

 4 closer to the cars promised to us by Back to the

 5 Future, a flying DeLorean that runs on garbage.

 6 Thank you for your time.

 7 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. Thank each

 8 of you. Thank you very much.

 9 We are ready for the next panel.

10 Charlotte Glauser, Marja Kaisla,

11 David Henderson, Cathie Forman, John Comella,

12 Lynnette Saunders, Beatrice Santorini, Mary Alice

13 Cicerale, Diane Pugh, Larry Arrigale.

14

15 LARRY ARRIGALE

16 (READING TESTIMONY OF REV. DOUGLAS B. HUNT)

17

18 MR. ARRIGALE: Good evening. My name

19 is Larry Arrigale and I'm reading the testimony of

20 Reverend Douglas B. Hunt, board member of

21 Pennsylvania Interfaith Power & Light. Reverend

22 Hunt is out of town on a family emergency. The

23 remarks I'll read have been edited for length, but

24 I'm submitting paper copies of Reverend Hunt's full

25 testimony. His words follow:
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 1 "I endorse this proposal because my

 2 faith traditions tell me that doing justice for

 3 people and our planet is our moral obligation, and

 4 people are already suffering the first effects of

 5 climate change. I have two granddaughters whose

 6 future I want to be in a world as beautiful,

 7 bountiful, and hospitable as the one passed to me.

 8 "The majority of the world's

 9 scientists tell us human-caused global climate

10 change is unquestionable and that there -- and that

11 we no longer have decades to act. We must act now.

12 "In 2008 Pennsylvania made cataloging

13 the level of greenhouse gas emissions a legal

14 requirement. Unfortunately, no requirements for

15 reducing the use of fossil fuels or emission of GHGs

16 has followed, and Pennsylvania is the third-worst

17 state for global warming pollution.

18 "This proposed rule should reduce

19 greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent. I urge we

20 modify the rule to bring it into effect sooner than

21 2017. The technology to make these changes already

22 exists.

23 "In 2009 climate change has already

24 seriously affected hundreds of millions of people

25 globally and were killing at least 300,000 per year.
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 1 In the next 20 years those affected will likely more

 2 than double. It is a moral outrage that we have the

 3 means, the technology, and the resources but have

 4 not chosen to take the strong and necessary actions.

 5 People of all faiths must prayerfully make changes

 6 in our own lives to slow climate change and the

 7 growing desperation of so many around the world.

 8 But prayers and individual actions are not enough.

 9 We need strong and effective policies and laws.

10 "This proposal is a step in that

11 direction that I wholeheartedly endorse."

12 Thank you.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

14 Now we can begin down at the far end,

15 and if you'd state your name and affiliation.

16

17 CHARLOTTE GLAUSER

18 CITIZEN

19

20 MS. GLAUSER: My name is Charlotte

21 Glauser, and I live in Philadelphia, two blocks from

22 here. I want to applaud the issue of requiring

23 higher mileage for cars in the next few years, but

24 it should be sooner rather than later. Although I

25 am a member of organizations that are concerned
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 1 about energy usage and climate change, I'm here to

 2 speak for myself.

 3 Raising the mileage standards for

 4 cars is truly a no-brainer. In fact, I'm surprised

 5 that only one person mentioned that. The advertised

 6 standards today are mostly a sad joke. My 1999

 7 Subaru did better than most vehicles. I was getting

 8 occasionally 36 miles to the gallon on the road, and

 9 I drove many miles in that car. I no longer own

10 that car or any other car. I gave my car to my

11 grandson about four years ago and he is still using

12 it.

13 Living in Center City just a few

14 blocks from here, I am a pedestrian most of the time

15 and use public buses, subway, and suburban trains.

16 Walking in the city is more than a pastime. There

17 are places to go and cultural events to enjoy.

18 Conservation is more than a virtue.

19 Higher mileage requirements on cars will save money

20 for the driver, since fuel is a major expense. It

21 will save our diminishing oil reserves. It may

22 result in more limited driving in general,

23 especially if there are alternative means of

24 transportation, like we have in Philadelphia.

25 The federal government subsidizes the
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 1 highways traveled and the least the government can

 2 do is try to conserve the energy used to get cars on

 3 those roads, to raise minimum standards for

 4 efficiency of the vehicles using it.

 5 There is an added cost to

 6 achieving -- if there is an added cost, and there

 7 is, to getting more efficient use of the fuel, it

 8 should be a huge saving in operation in the long

 9 term, and several of the people who spoke here had

10 pointed that out. The -- another benefit of higher

11 mileage standards is better air quality, especially

12 in crowded cities, such as Philadelphia. Any means

13 of curtailing car use would result in more

14 breathable air.

15 We are blessed with an excellent

16 public transportation system in the Philadelphia

17 region. I keep hoping that more people who work in

18 the city will avail themselves of it and not drive

19 into the city. With gas prices higher now and

20 parking costs rising as well, our SEPTA system has

21 now increased its patronage, and I think that's

22 great. For those who cannot access public

23 transportation, increased mileage standards will

24 certainly be a benefit. I don't know if it's likely

25 to happen, but a higher tax on gas with the revenue
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 1 devoted to public transportation would be a big

 2 plus. In most developed countries the railroads are

 3 well subsidized so that long drives between cities

 4 are unnecessary. The high cost of gasoline is

 5 another disincentive to driving any distance. I

 6 keep hoping that there will be better subsidies to

 7 all kinds of transportation, but I particularly like

 8 the railroads.

 9 The technology for higher efficiency

10 has been available for some years now. It's long

11 since time to require enforcement by regulation.

12 Thank you.

13 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

14 Okay. Next speaker, please.

15

16 LYNNETTE SAUNDERS

17 CITIZEN

18

19 MS. SAUNDERS: My name is Lynnette

20 Saunders. I'm a resident of Hatboro, and I just

21 want to thank you for this opportunity to comment on

22 this important proposed rule.

23 I'm sure you know that we'll have a

24 lot of advantages both economically and for the

25 environment, for our country. Speaking personally,
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 1 I haven't owned an American car in quite some time

 2 because I've always been concerned about gas

 3 mileage, and American cars just haven't kept up. I

 4 would like to own an American car. I really would.

 5 And I think implementing these standards would make

 6 that much more likely. I think that would also help

 7 the American car industry, because I know I'm not

 8 alone. Since gas prices continue to rise, this is

 9 going to continue to be a problem, and I think more

10 and more people, as GM I think found out, are

11 interested in lower gas -- or in more fuel efficient

12 cars.

13 Also better gas mileage will, of

14 course, reduce the amount of pollutants that are

15 going into the air. We often talk about what it

16 will cost to reduce greenhouse gases. Rarely do we

17 talk about what it will cost not to reduce

18 greenhouse gases. I've actually done research on

19 algae in ecosystems and I know it's really important

20 we do something now.

21 Also, if we reduce air pollutants, we

22 will reduce health care costs for the average family

23 and the consumer will put more money in their

24 pockets and help the environment and economy at the

25 same time.
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 1 Again, I thank you for this ruling

 2 and having the courage and forward thinking to

 3 propose these standards.

 4 Thank you.

 5 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

 6

 7 MARY ALICE CICERALE

 8 CITIZEN

 9

10 MS. CICERALE: Good evening. My name

11 is Mary Alice Cicerale. I'm a long-time librarian.

12 I'm a Philadelphia resident and a member of both the

13 Sierra Club and the American Association of Retired

14 Persons. Thank you for this opportunity to meet

15 with you tonight.

16 I am like every American. I want to

17 breathe clean air, use and drink clean water, and

18 enjoy unpolluted lands. That's why I support

19 environmental organizations that work to ensure a

20 healthy Earth for present and future generations.

21 Although I am not a grandparent myself, I care for

22 grandchildren everywhere and for the future

23 generations we speak of, and I care for all my

24 friends and relative, young or old, active or not.

25 We all share a common need with all of humanity:
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 1 clean air. Enjoying the outdoors requires clean

 2 air, but it is just not always there. Just recently

 3 I could not hike with one of my best friends in

 4 Phoenix because he has health issues and the smog

 5 index was too high.

 6 When I was a child, I only wanted to

 7 be outdoors. Coming inside, even in winter, was a

 8 trial. It felt like an unfair exile or punishment.

 9 Today, going outside, hiking, and being outdoors in

10 general is still very important to me.

11 Last summer I was happy to see that

12 the new standards for vehicles sold this year

13 through 2016 were set, a sensible 35.5 miles per

14 gallon and 250 grams of carbon pollution per mile.

15 And this November I was even happier to see that the

16 Environmental Protection Agency and the National

17 Highway Traffic Safety Administration upheld the

18 White House-proposed standards for new passenger

19 cars and trucks sold from 2017 through 2025. These

20 proposed fuel efficiency standards are important

21 steps in the right direction. They are also some of

22 the biggest steps we can take to reduce our

23 dependence on oil and significantly cut carbon

24 pollution.

25 I joined the Sierra Club because I
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 1 care so much about being outdoors and holding on to

 2 that one natural joy of childhood. But today with

 3 this testimony, the Club also gives me a chance to

 4 make a personal difference. Americans who cannot be

 5 here tonight say with us we applaud your efforts to

 6 ensure clean air, unpolluted land, and fresh water

 7 on this lovely North American continent. We all

 8 share these basic passion and concerns: clean air

 9 and unpolluted water.

10 Please continue to uphold the

11 integrity of the final standards. Do not allow

12 loopholes, credits, and flexibilities to undermine

13 the stringency of vehicle standards. Please have

14 the best interests of our future at heart and

15 continue to work for transportation guidelines that

16 protect everyone.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

19 Next.

20

21 DAVID HENDERSON

22 CITIZEN

23

24 MR. HENDERSON: My name is David

25 Henderson, and I appreciate the opportunity to speak
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 1 in favor of higher auto standard -- fuel efficiency

 2 standards today.

 3 I'm not a climate expert, economist,

 4 or politician. I come here today as a father, as a

 5 concerned citizen, and a chemical engineer that has

 6 worked in the field of alternative energy for over

 7 10 years. I believe that climate change is no

 8 longer an issue of scientific inquiry, but one of

 9 political will. Many corporate interests benefit

10 from denial of climate change. They continue to

11 profit from business as usual while the true costs

12 of pollution these industries create is borne by

13 society. By continuing to enter into a debate over

14 climate change we allow the groups that profit from

15 the status quo to control the dialogue.

16 The overwhelming consensus from the

17 scientific community is that global warming is

18 occurring and that human activities are contributing

19 to it. As a society, the conversation you need to

20 be having is not whether global warming is occurring

21 but what we are going to do to prevent it.

22 Some may argue that it is not the

23 government's role to tell automakers how efficient

24 to make cars; the free market will correct itself.

25 I strongly disagree with this argument for a number
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 1 of reasons. One, the free market has failed to

 2 address the problem so far, even though many climate

 3 experts believe significant climate change is now

 4 already inevitable.

 5 Two, when it comes to pollution, and

 6 specifically global warming, we can't afford to be

 7 reactive. It's far easier and cheaper to prevent

 8 pollution before it occurs than to perform

 9 remediation. Usually remediation is just expensive

10 damage control, speaking of the BP oil spill, for

11 example. We cannot return the environment to a

12 pristine state.

13 And, three, perhaps the most

14 compelling reason that the free market is

15 ineffective in regulating pollution is that the true

16 cost of pollution is almost always external to the

17 market. For example, in Pennsylvania we currently

18 get over 50 percent of our electricity from

19 coal-fired power plants. Free market economics

20 would view paying your electric bill in Pennsylvania

21 as a win-win where both the consumer and the power

22 plant owner benefit from the exchange. The free

23 market does not consider externalities such as the

24 estimated 24,000 lives that are shortened each year

25 due to the pollutants submitted by coal-fired power
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 1 plants. The free market does not include the cost

 2 of deforestation due to acid rain. The free market

 3 does not include -- consider the mercury that ends

 4 up in our fish and our birds or the damage caused by

 5 mountaintop removal.

 6 A similar argument can be made when a

 7 consumer purchases an automobile and then fills up

 8 the tank. Though the impact of CO2 emissions are

 9 hard to quantify, rising sea levels, malaria,

10 drought, famine, and more extreme weather are often

11 cited as examples.

12 One of the important roles of

13 government is to regulate the negative externalities

14 of economic transactions. I believe that increasing

15 the CAFE standards is a step in the right direction,

16 and I urge you to make it happen.

17 Thank you.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

19

20 MARJA KAISLA

21 CITIZEN

22

23 MS. KAISLA: Good evening. My name

24 is Marja Kaisla, and I'm a citizen of the United

25 States as well as Finland. And I've lived in the
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 1 United States for over 20 years and I've created a

 2 personal life here and a professional life as a

 3 concert pianist and played all over the country.

 4 Although I've lived here so long, I still continue

 5 to look at the United States from the outside as a

 6 European and especially that as a Scandinavian. So

 7 in that spirit, my statement will be more about the

 8 philosophy of decision making for issues impacting

 9 the environment in this country rather than stating

10 facts and numbers.

11 First, though, I want to say that the

12 current administration proposal to reduce greenhouse

13 gases and to increase vehicle fuel efficiency

14 drastically is not only the right thing to do, but

15 it is the only responsible thing to do. And again

16 looking at these issues as a European, one of the

17 disappointing characteristics I've seen in the way

18 U.S. oftentimes had conducted its business is lack

19 of pragmatic, long-term planning and improvising

20 short-term solutions or rushing to new situations

21 without careful planning and thorough understanding

22 of ramifications of its actions or relying on biased

23 opinions influenced by politics or money that can be

24 seen in many areas, from positions to go to war to

25 big business bailout decisions, and attempts to
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 1 improve education. That's why it's very encouraging

 2 and welcoming to see the EPA proposing these new

 3 regulations and at least reaching into the semi-far

 4 future.

 5 Having grown up in Finland I've seen

 6 the enormous benefits of long-term planning and

 7 commitment extending from education reform to

 8 infrastructure improvements to energy efficiency and

 9 environmental protection. As is the case in

10 Finland, one can implement green standards also on a

11 smaller scale and governmental agencies can lead by

12 example.

13 Just to give you one example, the

14 Finnish Embassy in Washington, D.C., for example,

15 which received the prestigious LEED certification by

16 the U.S. Green Building Council last year, has cut

17 its electricity use by 50 percent and gas

18 consumption by 65 percent, resulting in annual

19 savings of more than $150,000 in utility costs. The

20 Embassy has also implemented rigorous policies to

21 ensure sustainable practices in all of the building

22 operations. Reflecting in the similar commitment to

23 energy efficiency, the Finnish Consulate General's

24 residence in Los Angeles was recently retrofitted

25 with solar panels and other energy-saving measures,
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 1 and as a result of these changes, the building

 2 procedures -- the building produces as much energy

 3 as it's consuming in the next 20-plus years.

 4 I hope this serves as a good example

 5 of the commitment the country can make also on a

 6 smaller scale on many different energy-saving levels

 7 and then combined with others doing the same it will

 8 have a major positive impact on the environment and

 9 energy consumption.

10 And on a side note, in Finland, which

11 is -- we're having the presidential election also

12 going on right now and, as a matter of fact, I ran

13 the presidential election of the -- the advanced

14 presidential election here in Philadelphia this past

15 weekend, and so I'm directly impacting both of, you

16 know, Finland and the United States in this

17 surprising way. And the second-most popular

18 candidate in the presidential election is the

19 candidate for the Green Party. And it's no secret

20 that I voted for him. Finns are known to be very

21 honest and open.

22 So, anyway, moving on, getting back

23 to the United States, making vehicles vastly more

24 fuel efficient, however, is only one of several

25 measures that the federal government must address in
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 1 order to reduce greenhouse gases in the years and

 2 decades to come.

 3 As for improving public

 4 transportation to reduce pollution levels and to

 5 become more energy efficient, public transportation

 6 needs to be greatly improved in the suburbs and

 7 between cities. Bike lanes should be made more

 8 manage -- should be made mandatory in the new

 9 streetscape construction in cities. State and

10 government agencies should lead by their own example

11 by using hybrid vehicles in their own fleet and

12 offering incentives to employees to walk, bike, and

13 use public transportation.

14 As the EPA has stated, one of the

15 goals of setting higher fuel efficiency for vehicles

16 is to make the U.S. less reliant on foreign oil.

17 But how, for example, do the aging and inefficient

18 oil refineries in the U.S. help that goal? Look at,

19 for example, the immediate shutdown announced just

20 yesterday of the oil refinery, Hovensa, in St. Croix

21 and the U.S. Virgin Islands. I go up there to do

22 educational work and play concerts in the Caribbean,

23 so I'm very familiar with that situation. Two

24 Pennsylvania refineries were recently shut down,

25 too, and there is another one waiting to be closed,
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 1 bringing the total shutdowns in the past three years

 2 or so to over 18 here and in Europe, which have

 3 totaled more than 2 million barrels of oil per day.

 4 The refineries have not been able to compete with

 5 modern refineries built in India, China, and the

 6 Middle East. So the EPA needs to address the

 7 inefficiencies of the remaining oil refineries

 8 because they themselves result in higher fuel

 9 imports from other countries.

10 It's interesting that one of these

11 three public hearings is taking place in

12 Pennsylvania. Among all the states, Pennsylvania's

13 coal-fired power plants are some of the highest

14 carbon dioxide emitters and Pennsylvania contributes

15 about 1 percent of all manmade greenhouse gas

16 emission in the world, which they, unfortunately,

17 have great impact on the pollution levels in the

18 entire world.

19 There is a need for strong federal

20 regulation, because as we see in these states like

21 New Jersey and Pennsylvania, many decision makers,

22 including governors, in these states may too easily

23 side with big businesses possibly at the expense of

24 safe air, water, and food supply for the public. It

25 frightens me to think that a politician would
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 1 disregard people's safety for the sake of

 2 strengthening one's own political profile.

 3 Governor Christie said he pulled New

 4 Jersey out of the multi-state Regional Greenhouse

 5 Gas Initiative about half a year ago because he

 6 stated the past carbon emission permits cost the

 7 state too much.

 8 MR. MEDFORD: Can you wrap up in the

 9 interest of time?

10 MS. KAISLA: Yes. Finishing on that

11 thought, that the problem of politicians making

12 decisions based on businesses is -- continues, as I

13 said, to be frightening to me.

14 And I can finish by saying what the

15 past-Governor Rendell said two years ago when he

16 signed the Climate Change Action Plan in

17 Pennsylvania, that climate change could be

18 absolutely devastating to Pennsylvania. It

19 threatens virtually every aspect of our lives. Our

20 infrastructure was designed around a stable climate.

21 Many industries like agriculture depend on

22 variations in the seasons, and new diseases that

23 once could not survive here will now be able to

24 flourish in warmer temperatures.

25 We need to reduce greenhouse gas
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 1 emissions. The need to reduce greenhouse gas

 2 emissions is clear, and I personally hope individual

 3 states and federal government will think about the

 4 impact its decisions have on the citizens in the

 5 world now and well into the future. Politicians

 6 have been elected to look after our well-being --

 7 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. Thank you.

 8 MS. KAISLA: -- so I appreciate your

 9 time.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

11 I can now read the name tags.

12 Ms. Forman.

13 CATHIE FORMAN

14 CITIZEN

15

16 MS. FORMAN: Well, I'm very nervous.

17 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. Please don't be.

18 MS. FORMAN: And I was asked to

19 speak. I was encouraged -- I'm a parent of two

20 children, two teenagers. I'm a school social

21 worker. I've worked with students from kindergarten

22 up to the age of 21 in special education. I live in

23 Southampton, Bucks County. I'm a proud owner of a

24 2006 Prius. And I applaud you and encourage you to

25 stand firm and raise the standards for -- for miles
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 1 per gallon. And I -- I just really jotted down a

 2 couple of thoughts, so I won't take a lot of your

 3 time, so it's more of a kind of emotional and

 4 impassioned plea.

 5 I do what I do. I eat organics; I

 6 drive a Prius; I went green and got rid of my oil

 7 tank; I do electric and solar, and I feel very

 8 lonely. And I think this is what my plea is: I

 9 want to live in a country again where I am part of

10 the majority, not the minority. Where I feel like I

11 have to defend that environmentalism is not

12 Communism or being lefty or liberal. It's just

13 loving the Earth, loving what's living in it, loving

14 the children that we're raising in it and wanting to

15 protect it for generations to come.

16 And I guess my plea is, is that I

17 defend this country a lot, but I'm finding it harder

18 and harder with leadership cowering and giving in to

19 money. And I understand money is needed to run and

20 campaign and win elections, including our dear

21 president, but there has got to be a point where our

22 conscience comes first. So that's my plea to you.

23 A lot of people make fun of me,

24 including my brother, who is very affluent and owns

25 a Porsche. His Porsche was in disrepair, he needed
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 1 to borrow my car, and he loved my Prius and couldn't

 2 believe he got all the way through Pennsylvania up

 3 to Maine on like one tank and he raved. And so what

 4 I say to you, you know it's a cute little story, is

 5 that we in America do have ingenuity; we do have

 6 scientists; we do have brilliant people. Let's

 7 support them to make us leaders in the way I want to

 8 walk into Europe or Israel or anywhere in the Middle

 9 East or South America and feel good about what our

10 country is doing.

11 Oh, the one last thing is -- like

12 there is this -- I do this a lot in groups when I

13 work, especially with teenagers, and I say the

14 responsibility of our generation is what a lot of

15 Native Americans felt, which is to do things as if

16 it was going to affect the seventh generation after

17 you. You probably have heard this today, so I don't

18 want to be repetitive.

19 MR. MEDFORD: That's okay.

20 MS. FORMAN: But I feel the need for

21 us to take that seriously so there can be a seventh

22 generation.

23 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. Thank you

24 for your remarks.

25 MS. FORMAN: You're welcome.
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 1 MR. MEDFORD: Mr. Comella.

 2 JOHN COMELLA

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 MR. COMELLA: My name is John

 6 Comella, and although I was born and raised in

 7 Motown, Detroit, Michigan, I've lived most of my

 8 life in Massachusetts and for the last year and a

 9 half here in Philadelphia. I strong -- full

10 disclosure, I own 373-plus shares of General Motors

11 stock, pre-bankruptcy. I paid $11,900 for it and it

12 is currently worth zero.

13 I strongly support the proposal to

14 improve the energy -- the mileage efficiency of

15 automobiles. It saves people money, but that's not

16 too important; it reduces the pollutants in the

17 atmosphere, which is very important, especially to

18 my asthmatic wife; and it reduces the amount of

19 carbon dioxide which produces -- is one of the main

20 producers of the -- the greenhouse effect and global

21 warming. That is very important. It also reduces

22 our dependence on foreign oil and leaves more oil in

23 the ground for my two daughters and any children

24 that they may have. We're always going to need some

25 oil and gas, and the longer we leave it in the
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 1 ground, the better off we are. The people of Ohio

 2 probably would very strongly agree with that after

 3 the several earthquakes they've had, which have been

 4 attributed to the fracking.

 5 A recent report has stated that if we

 6 don't lower our CO2 emissions from where they are now

 7 today from 380 parts per million down to less than

 8 350 within five years, we may pass the tipping point

 9 beyond which it will be impossible to stop the

10 global warming. That could easily be the most

11 catastrophic event in the history of the world.

12 By the way, this is not the first

13 time that I have advocated for increasing energy

14 efficiency of cars. In the first OPEC oil crisis,

15 which I think was nearly 40 years ago, I sent a

16 letter to the chairman of General Motors, who I knew

17 personally from having been a General Motors scholar

18 at the University of Detroit where he was the

19 liaison. He was a lowly vice president. He later

20 became the CEO. So I sent him the letter and I

21 asked him to increase the mileage efficiency,

22 everybody would benefit. I was getting off easy

23 because I had at the time the Volkswagen Beetle,

24 which got about 35 miles a gallon when I wasn't

25 thinking about it and about 42 miles per gallon when
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 1 I was. And it wasn't because I had modern -- the

 2 technology in the car. I actually had ancient

 3 technology. It was called a clutch, and I could --

 4 I could do things with that that greatly improved my

 5 mileage.

 6 Some years later we lived in the

 7 People's Republic of Massachusetts and I repeated

 8 that with a Geo Metro, which is a Kia or something

 9 like that, and I drove that Geo Metro from just

10 outside of Boston all the way down to Brooklyn and

11 back on eight gallons of gas. It can be done.

12 So part of it is we've got to raise

13 the requirements for mileage efficiency in cars.

14 We've also got to teach people how they can squeeze

15 more out of their cars.

16 MR. MEDFORD: Can we wrap up?

17 MR. COMELLA: Yeah. Our next

18 crisis -- I told the CEO of GM that the crisis that

19 we were in was caused by the OPEC, and I said our

20 next crisis may very well lead to a resource issue.

21 We are running out of oil and it is not

22 reproducible, so we should be keeping it in the

23 ground as long as we can and that's important.

24 And I'll close up by asking the

25 members who are on the Environmental Protection
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 1 Agency, you have another assignment, should you

 2 accept it. Do the same thing to building heating

 3 and cooling. When we moved into our house in

 4 Massachusetts, the previous owner was spending about

 5 $800 a year on heating oil. Within a year I had

 6 knocked that down to half of that and I did it. My

 7 wife hated it. The bubble pack on the windows is

 8 not popular with the women, but it did the job of

 9 keeping the heat inside the house. And so I

10 recommend that you go after housing costs and that's

11 important.

12 But I appreciate the work that you're

13 doing now, even though it's not going to be in time

14 to meet that five-year deadline, and if

15 we -- to meet that deadline we would have to work

16 dozens of times harder than we are working right

17 now.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

19 Ms. Pugh.

20

21 DIANE PUGH

22 PENN ENVIRONMENT

23

24 MS. PUGH: My name is Diane Pugh. I

25 have a BS in medical technology. I reside in
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 1 Pennsylvania. I have five children between the ages

 2 of 21 and 28. I'm an IT professional and I

 3 specialize in project and management consulting.

 4 I'm a certified first aid trainer and a professional

 5 white water river guide, so I have a real interest

 6 in the environment. But mostly I'm an American

 7 concerned about the future, financially,

 8 environmentally, politically, and socially.

 9 I strongly support these new

10 standards for automobiles. Americans want cleaner,

11 more fuel efficient cars because they cost less to

12 run, have a smaller carbon footprint, they decrease

13 air pollution, and they'll help curb our nation's

14 reliance on oil. Reducing our reliance on both

15 imported and domestic oil is critical. For decades

16 our reliance on imported oil has put America at risk

17 from a dependence on countries whose values we do

18 not share and whose political agendas are often

19 opposed to our own.

20 In recent years, efforts to increase

21 domestic oil and natural gas have led us to fracking

22 and plans for additional pipelines. Neither of

23 these seem to be the correct solution to the

24 problem.

25 Why am I here tonight instead of at
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 1 home having dinner with my family relaxing after a

 2 full day of work? The EPA doesn't need me to tell

 3 you about studies and facts. I'm not a fuel expert

 4 or an environmental expert. I'm not an engineer.

 5 I'm here because it matters to me, my children, my

 6 friends, Americans, and all inhabitants of the

 7 Earth. I'm here to encourage the passage of these

 8 new standards, and I want to applaud the Obama

 9 Administration for proposing them.

10 I want to talk about some things that

11 happened to me as a child. I went to the New York

12 World's Fair and it was like a fairy tale. Soon,

13 very soon they said, any day now, we'll have

14 telephones that you can just see the person on the

15 other end. I thought they meant next week. Well,

16 it happened, finally. I mean, we're living it now.

17 A close friend of the family, a very

18 intelligent man, he worked for NASA and he worked

19 with the federal government on alternative energy

20 policies in the '70s, regaled me with all of these

21 wonderful things that soon, very soon, we would see:

22 alternative energy, cars that didn't need gas. I

23 hoped that it wasn't like the promise of the video

24 phone, that it wouldn't take forever, but here we

25 are still having that same debate.
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 1 Anyway, studies consistently suggest

 2 that 54.5 miles per gallon is a reasonable goal, and

 3 it can be done, it could be done easily. Some

 4 people are afraid that what that means is that

 5 everyone's going to have to drive a tiny, little

 6 car. But separate categories -- separate targets

 7 for each category of car means that's not going to

 8 happen.

 9 Why do I bring that up? Well, it

10 matters to me because my family has a number of

11 vehicles, each with a specific purpose, and we would

12 be hard-pressed to live without them. To my IT job

13 I drive a compact car because it gets good mileage.

14 It gets me from place to place. It's not fancy and

15 it's not very big. To my river guide work I try to

16 use that same car whenever I can because it gets the

17 best mileage, but that doesn't work if I need to

18 carry my kayak or I need to carpool with another

19 person. We run out of room. So we have a larger

20 vehicle, a pickup truck. We use it for work

21 pallets, multiple kayaks, lawn supplies, or camping.

22 We also have an SUV. We use it as a tow vehicle for

23 the cords of wood we use to heat our house. And,

24 lastly, a Harley Davidson, mostly just for fun, but

25 it sure gets good gas mileage. Our next vehicle
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 1 will likely be a hybrid or an electric vehicle or

 2 maybe something we haven't even seen yet. I hope.

 3 I keep waiting to see that fairy tale dream come

 4 true.

 5 There is lots of other reasons why I

 6 support these standards. You know, the world that I

 7 grew up in is not the world that my kids are growing

 8 up in. They're facing a different America. Before

 9 I even graduated from college, I had an offer of a

10 full-time job in my field waiting for me. I was

11 able to obtain employment, establish a household,

12 and support myself immediately after graduation from

13 college. Yet despite four of my children being

14 college graduates, I see them struggling to obtain

15 employment related to their degrees and continuing

16 to share housing with friends or living at home

17 because they just can't afford it.

18 I'm old enough to remember the first

19 Earth Day, April 22, 1970. It was the height of

20 hippie and flower child culture. Protest was what

21 everybody talked about, but it wasn't about the

22 environment. Nobody thought about the environment

23 or cared about them. But with increasing public

24 awareness, Earth Day was founded, and with that

25 increasing awareness became public pressure, public
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 1 pressure on lawmakers to enact federal guidelines --

 2 federal guidelines like this one. As much as we'd

 3 like to all think that each individual can make a

 4 difference, it's guidelines that come from the

 5 federal government that effect the biggest and most

 6 important changes.

 7 I also remember the gas rationing --

 8 MR. MEDFORD: Can you wrap up?

 9 MS. PUGH: Sure. Okay. Again, in

10 1979 we had gas rationing here in Pennsylvania, and

11 Jimmy Carter passed regulations that helped us, but

12 we fell behind. As individuals we're limited in

13 what we can do. We have a duty to act responsibly,

14 but we can't make big changes.

15 I'm proud to work for a company

16 that's actively engaged in environmentally sound

17 practices. The white water outfitter that I work

18 for already funds cash credits to offset all of

19 their impacts and offers to match guest

20 contributions to their own cash input. They have a

21 goal to plant 5,000 trees, recycle 50,000 cans, and

22 this is great. But even if every company in America

23 decided to do a portion of this, it would no -- not

24 come anywhere as close as what this standard can do.

25 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. Can you wrap up?
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 1 MS. PUGH: Thank you for your time.

 2 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 3 Ms. Santorini.

 4

 5 BEATRICE SANTORINI

 6 CITIZEN

 7

 8 MS. SANTORINI: Can you hear me?

 9 MR. MEDFORD: Yes.

10 MS. SANTORINI: My name is Beatrice

11 Santorini, and I work at the University of

12 Pennsylvania, although I do not represent that

13 institution, and my line of work is historical

14 syntax, which has nothing to do with anything you

15 guys do. So I'm here as a private citizen.

16 I appreciate the opportunity that

17 you, the EPA, is giving the public to respond to the

18 new fuel efficiency standards proposed by the Obama

19 Administration. There are many reasons that these

20 new standards are important, and to my mind they are

21 all related to health in one form or another: the

22 health of our bodies, the health of the environment,

23 the health of the U.S. and the global economy more

24 generally, and the health of our political process,

25 specifically here in the United States, which has
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 1 suffered tremendously recently from the

 2 unprecedented degree of subordination to the

 3 interest of Big Oil. I feel very strongly about

 4 that last point, and I consider and continue to

 5 consider the 2003 invasion of Iraq as a violation of

 6 the rule of International law.

 7 So in this context it's an important

 8 fact that by the year 2030 the proposed standards

 9 would cut annual oil consumption in the United

10 States by nearly 23 billion gallons, which is

11 roughly equivalent to U.S. imports from Saudi Arabia

12 and Iraq in 2010.

13 Beyond this welcome, at least welcome

14 to me, the new fuel standards hold the promise of

15 improving the health of our economy, the health of

16 the environment, and the health of our bodies as

17 well. First, the standards are expected to create

18 jobs that depend on innovative technologies.

19 Second, the standards call for reduced -- for

20 serious reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, as we

21 have heard other people talk about. And third,

22 using less oil in our cars and trucks means less

23 pollution in the air that finds its way into our

24 lungs and this is a point that again resonates

25 particularly strongly with me as my family has a
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 1 history of respiratory troubles, especially asthma.

 2 My mom really suffered seriously and my nephew, they

 3 both suffered seriously from asthma. I'm not saying

 4 that's related necessarily to -- it could be mold in

 5 the house or whatever, but certainly bad air quality

 6 is not going to help.

 7 This point about air quality is also

 8 a point that should resonate strongly with everybody

 9 in Pennsylvania, as when last I checked last night

10 on the Internet, Pennsylvania is the second-worst --

11 we heard third-worst earlier, but my sources say

12 second-worst air quality of any state in the United

13 States, and we're right after Texas. So it's very

14 appropriate that of the three hearings that are

15 taking place in San Francisco and Detroit and

16 Philadelphia, one of the hearings is taking place in

17 Pennsylvania.

18 The Obama Administration, and

19 specifically you from the EPA, have taken an

20 important step in the right direction with these

21 standards, and my hope is that the public support

22 for them that you are seeing here will help you

23 politically, because not everybody is a friend of

24 these new standards and there will be a tax on them.

25 So my hope is that you can use all of our public
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 1 testimony as evidence that the public really

 2 supports you. Thank you.

 3 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you and thank

 4 everyone on the panel for your indulgence and your

 5 testimony. Thank you for staying so late to provide

 6 it.

 7 We're going to change court reporters

 8 now, so we're going to take a 10-minute break and

 9 we'll be back with the next panel.

10 (Recess at 7:57 p.m.)

11 (Resumed at 8:18 p.m.)

12 MR. MEDFORD: Okay, Ms. Varley.

13

14 RITA VARLEY

15 CITIZEN

16

17 Thank you.

18 I'm Rita Varley, and thank you for

19 offering this opportunity to us to testify. My

20 presentation is very short, less than a page. I'm

21 going to just start by describing where I'm coming

22 from.

23 I belong to the Sierra Club and a

24 number of other organizations in the city that are

25 working on being green. I've become involved in the
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 1 Transition Philadelphia group. I don't know if

 2 you've heard of Transition Town, but the premise is

 3 that the group seeks to help the city power down

 4 from fossil fuels in every possible way by

 5 developing the community to support -- so that

 6 people buy from each other, support each other

 7 economically by buying locally, growing local food

 8 and avoiding the cost of fuel going to big

 9 agriculture and to the shipping of food, by

10 developing green energy sources and green jobs, and

11 by developing co-ops, improving public transit

12 systems, and increasing bike paths, walkways and

13 parks.

14 Philadelphia is blessed with a

15 government that is interested in taking strong steps

16 towards a green economy. With these good things

17 going for us, and with so many of us trying so very

18 hard to respond to the economic and ecological

19 crisis at hand with as much creativity as we can

20 elicit, it is important to have the support of

21 government to encourage the auto industry to do its

22 part.

23 Now, I have explored the web to see

24 what the auto industry is doing in other counties,

25 especially in Europe. I was amazed to read that
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 1 many car brands are already selling the same model

 2 cars in Europe with much better mileage than the

 3 same models here, and I've got some lists of stuff.

 4 I'm not going to read any of this, but these are

 5 some of the web things that I found.

 6 On this list a U.S. Mazda will get 31

 7 miles a gallon and in Europe the same car will get

 8 up to 57 miles per gallon. This and several other

 9 web pages I found lead me to believe that asking the

10 auto industry to muster 54.5 miles per gallon

11 minimum within 12 years is reasonable and perhaps

12 very easy to achieve for us -- it's reasonable for

13 us to demand that. And this must be done without

14 loopholes to weaken the requirements.

15 Meanwhile, I believe that what we are

16 doing to the climate and to the economy with fossil

17 fuels is the largest crisis our human society faces,

18 perhaps in the history of human society, and that it

19 is utterly imperative that we take strong steps

20 toward cutting the damage as fast as possible. Our

21 country must do the right thing, no matter who else

22 on the planet does it or not. The sooner we take

23 the strongest action possible, the easier it will be

24 for all of us. Waiting will only greatly increase

25 the pain of dealing with the consequences.
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 1 I could add, I have a '97 Toyota

 2 which gets about 30 miles to a gallon and, when I

 3 looked for a new car of the same kind last year, it

 4 was doing about the same thing, 15 years later. So

 5 I'm waiting, and I don't want to buy a car until

 6 it's actually an improvement over that.

 7 Thank you.

 8 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 9 Sister Mary Clark.

10 MR. LAWSON: Good evening. My name

11 is Virgil Lawson --

12 MR. MEDFORD: I think Sister Mary

13 Clark is next and then you.

14 MR. LAWSON: Oh.

15

16 SR. MARY ELIZABETH CLARK

17 CITIZEN

18

19 My name is Sister Mary Elizabeth

20 Clark, and I'm a Sister of St. Joseph of

21 Philadelphia. I'm one of the 25 ambassadors of the

22 U.S. Catholic Bishops Climate Change coalition. I

23 minister at Chestnut Hill College as assistant to

24 the president for sustainability and as director of

25 our Earth Center.
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 1 Working with many other people of

 2 faith, I'm here to urge you to keep an ethical,

 3 moral perspective as a lens for your deliberations.

 4 Thank you for this opportunity. As people of faith,

 5 we believe that the atmosphere that supports life on

 6 earth is God-given. We must respect and protect it,

 7 as I'm sure I don't need to be telling you. It

 8 unites us as one human family. If we harm the

 9 atmosphere, we dishonor our Creator and the gift of

10 creation. The values of our faith call us to

11 humility, sacrifice, and a respect for life, and the

12 natural gifts God has provided.

13 In 2001 the United States Catholic

14 Bishops said, "At its core, global climate change is

15 not about economic theory or political platforms,

16 nor about partisan advantage or interest group

17 pressures; it is about the future of God's creation

18 and the one human family. It's about protecting

19 both the human environment and the natural

20 environment."

21 Since I'm representing those who see

22 this issue from a faith perspective, I want to be

23 clear that I trust the Sierra Club and its

24 scientific expertise. From their research I believe

25 this regulation to be the single biggest step in our
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 1 country to tackle global warming and, therefore, I

 2 urge you to accept the President's proposal without

 3 loopholes.

 4 For more than four billion years our

 5 planet earth has sustained itself and life as we

 6 know it, and in my own lifetime I've experienced an

 7 appalling growth in our dependency on oil. My

 8 father had solar panels in the '70s, and I am his

 9 daughter and believe in the alternative energy

10 sources.

11 From the millions of tons of plastic

12 filling landfills to the polluting burning of fossil

13 fuels beyond our imagining, we've built a

14 relationship with oil similar to an addict with an

15 abused substance. As a result, our precious earth

16 cannot continue to sustain life as we know it. As

17 people of faith, we see this as a moral tragedy.

18 There are ways we can diminish the

19 effects of our polluting the air by reducing gas

20 emissions now. The sisters in my house carpool.

21 We've made some decisions about insulation and

22 keeping the heat down. What can we say to the next

23 generation if, knowing what we know, we refuse to do

24 something? As we take personal and communal action

25 in our places of worship to mitigate the effects of
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 1 global climate change, it is not possible to make a

 2 significant difference without your taking the

 3 necessary systemic action in our federal government.

 4 We call on you, as our federal

 5 protection, to approve this proposal of President

 6 Obama. The amount suggested by our President is not

 7 enough. It is a beginning, a necessary beginning.

 8 Please think carefully about the consequences of

 9 your decision. By the year 2030 the proposed

10 standards would cut annual oil consumption by nearly

11 23 billion gallons, roughly equivalent to the U.S.

12 imports from Saudi Arabia and Iraq in 2010.

13 Although we need to do more, how can we not do the

14 minimum.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

16 Mr. Lawson.

17

18 VIRGIL LAWSON

19 CITIZEN

20

21 Yes. Good evening. My name is

22 Virgil Lawson. I am a veteran, I served as a --

23 both gas service -- an electrician and gas service

24 mechanic in the U.S. Navy. I've been in three wars,

25 I am a graduate of Chestnut Hill College, and I just
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 1 completed my Master's in child care planning at West

 2 Chester University.

 3 I currently drive a 2007 Toyota Yaris

 4 and that's my -- one of the things that I'm doing to

 5 cut down my carbon footprint, but I think it's time

 6 for our society to look into something that's kind

 7 of new, but also something that has already been

 8 done, and that is hemp seed oil. A lot can be

 9 produced with hemp seed oil, such as plastics, and

10 also cars can run off of it. Actually, Henry Ford's

11 first car that he designed actually ran off of hemp

12 seed oil.

13 So I think, with today's technology,

14 we can produce this instead of adding ethanol as an

15 alternative to fuel, because I think ethanol is not

16 the way to go. I think that ethanol contributes to

17 global hunger, and the amount of corn used to make

18 ethanol last year could have fed every American for

19 a whole year. So I think this is the time that we

20 explore something beyond what we are using now. So

21 my whole thing is, yes, we do need higher emissions

22 rates for our cars. However, I think we also need

23 to eventually take steps into ending fuel

24 consumption as a whole.

25 And, I'm sorry, but I have to go
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 1 right now, but thank you for having me.

 2 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 3 I can't see the name tag, but we'll

 4 just continue here. It looks like Lynn. If you

 5 could give your name and begin your testimony.

 6 Thank you.

 7

 8 LYNN GODMILOW

 9 CITIZEN

10

11 My name is Lynn Godmilow. I'm here

12 representing myself. I'm a retired geneticist. I

13 was a psychiatric social worker initially and then

14 became involved in genetics, and my claim to fame

15 with regard to the environmental issues had to do

16 with the fact that my job was explaining to people

17 what specific genes they had and what problems they

18 might expect for themselves and their family, and we

19 always mentioned the fact that genes didn't operate

20 in isolation, that they also were impacted by the

21 environment. And I'm old enough to remember when

22 people with asthma or children with asthma were

23 advised to move to Arizona where it was sunny and

24 warm and dry. I'm not so sure that anybody would

25 recommend that anyone move to Arizona these days,
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 1 but just to give you an idea of the time frame and

 2 the difference.

 3 It seems to me, and I'm no expert,

 4 that the issue is very simple. Those opposing new

 5 standards in miles per gallon and carbon emissions

 6 represent the automobile industry, and they should

 7 have focused on making lots of much smaller cars a

 8 long time ago.

 9 My first car, in 1965, was a VW Bug.

10 And, when I traveled to Europe later that year and

11 the following year, I was very impressed with the

12 very large number of very small cars. London,

13 Amsterdam and Rome were filled with very small cars.

14 Even the taxi cabs in everywhere except London were

15 very small. There were very few of the large cars

16 that were popular in the United States at that time.

17 If the three big American car makers

18 had stopped making large sedans and SUVs and

19 minivans, but much smaller cars that use less gas,

20 but with a higher miles per gallon, we'd be way

21 ahead of the curve now. Of course, the CEOs would

22 not have made so much money, but that can hardly be

23 seen as a bad thing.

24 The other thing that's very obvious

25 about Europe and automobiles is the cost of
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 1 gasoline. The taxes are much, much higher than they

 2 are in this country, and that keeps people

 3 interested in driving small cars and minimizing the

 4 amount of time they spend on the road. My husband

 5 has been saying for years that one of the things we

 6 need to do in this country is raise significantly

 7 the tax rate on gasoline, and oil, for that matter.

 8 In my humble opinion, this whole

 9 issue, this whole business, is all about money.

10 And, if the Republicans get elected, you guys may be

11 out of work because, if I'm not mistaken, there has

12 been a lot of discussion by the Republicans running

13 for office that the EPA needs to go, and that's

14 because their best friends are the oil moguls in

15 Texas and the car manufacturers.

16 This is not about what's right for

17 our environment. I don't think they care what's

18 right for our environment. What they care about is

19 money, and money don't make by increasing the miles

20 per gallon and trying to get the car manufacturers

21 to make smaller cars.

22 Americans have -- we have been

23 convinced for the last 30 or 40 years that we have

24 it all, that we can do whatever we want, we can

25 drive great big cars, we can drive, you know,
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 1 minivans and SUVs and with no impact on anything,

 2 and that's just not the way it is, but I have a lot

 3 of trouble -- I inherited the gene from my mother

 4 for the glass is half empty, and, so, I have a lot

 5 of trouble seeing that things are going to get

 6 better. I think the country is way too big, and

 7 what might work if we make changes in Pennsylvania

 8 isn't going to work in California or isn't going to

 9 work in Nebraska. So we've got a problem with, you

10 know, figuring out what will work everywhere for

11 everyone, and I think that we've got a long way to

12 go to figure that out.

13 But, in the meantime, if we have a

14 government that's willing to say "Let's raise the

15 miles per gallon requirement," I say I'm all for it,

16 but let's make it happen sooner. Why do we have to

17 wait until 2017?

18 Thank you for giving me a chance to

19 get that off my chest.

20 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you. I just want

21 to make sure you are aware that, since President

22 Obama has been in office, there have been -- this is

23 the third set of fuel economy and greenhouse gas

24 standards that he has administered. So first the

25 2011 rule went into effect, and there is a rule now
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 1 for raising CAFE standards through -- '12 through

 2 '16 to 35, and then these standards, which go

 3 through -- all the way through 2025, so that there

 4 really are standards that he's worked on during this

 5 period that go from 2011 through 2025.

 6 So there are three sets of standards

 7 that have been done in the little more than three

 8 years he's been president.

 9 MS. GODMILOW: But isn't it sad

10 that -- I mean, I got 35 miles to a gallon in my VW

11 Bug, and that was in 1965.

12 MR. MEDFORD: Yes. We understand. I

13 also want to say thank you. I understand that you

14 have waited patiently -- or waited for at least two

15 and a half hours to testify, so thank you very much

16 for being patient.

17 MS. GODMILOW: You're welcome.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. So I think now

19 that's Katie Margillo.

20

21 KATIE MARGILLO

22 CITIZEN

23

24 Hi. My name is Katie Margillo, and

25 I'm an environmental organizer and also a citizen of
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 1 Philadelphia. Thank you very much for taking the

 2 time today to listen to the input from so many

 3 passionate Pennsylvanians about the proposed CAFE

 4 standards, which are so essential for a number of

 5 reasons and for which I stand in support.

 6 I see health as a basic human right

 7 and, with that, access to clean water and clean air

 8 as essential to the health of all humans. I

 9 originally got involved in environmental issues

10 because I thought working to tackle the biggest

11 environmental problems would impact public health in

12 a way that one-on-one interaction simply cannot.

13 Thus, voicing my support for

14 standards that will not only provide cleaner air,

15 but also be the biggest step this county has ever

16 taken to combat climate change and get off of oil is

17 a win/win for me. And, frankly, the standards are a

18 win/win for Americans, in the sense that they cut

19 our dependence on oil and present a huge win for

20 national security.

21 The standards cut prices at the gas

22 pump and save the average family $330 per year and

23 cut global warming pollution by 200 million metric

24 tons, or the annual emissions of 70 coal-fired

25 powerplants. This is a theme that we've heard a lot
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 1 today, but there is an old saying that goes, "You do

 2 not inherit the earth from your ancestors; you

 3 borrow it from your children."

 4 And, so, I urge you to keep that in

 5 mind and to implement the proposed CAFE standards.

 6 Thank you.

 7 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 8 Zachary Monteith.

 9

10 ZACHARY MONTEITH

11 CITIZEN

12

13 Good evening. Thank you all so much

14 for giving us the opportunity to speak on these new

15 standards.

16 My name is Zachary Monteith, and I've

17 been a Philadelphia resident since I graduated from

18 college. As soon as I moved here I sold my car,

19 partially to save on parking costs and insurance,

20 but also because of the cost of gasoline and the

21 fuel efficiency my car had.

22 I'm lucky enough to live here in

23 Philly where we have an excellent, comprehensive

24 public transportation system, but only a tiny

25 fraction of American citizens have the same access
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 1 that we have here, and don't have the option of

 2 getting rid of their cars to cut down on their

 3 carbon footprint and to save money.

 4 I frequently have to rent cars for my

 5 job, and too frequently the brand new 2012 models

 6 that I'm renting get 18 miles per gallon or even

 7 fewer. This both forces me to spend my gas budget

 8 at three times the rate that I would like to, and

 9 contributes to dangerous air pollution, global

10 warming gases and our dependence on petroleum taken

11 from more and more dangerous sources at three times

12 the rate I should have to.

13 I applaud the leadership that the

14 Obama Administration has taken on this issue and I'm

15 exceedingly hopeful that these standards will become

16 law.

17 Thanks.

18 MR. MEDFORD: Good. Thank you very

19 much.

20 Ms. Rosen.

21

22 LISA ROSEN

23 CITIZEN

24

25 Hello. Thank you for being here
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 1 tonight, thank you for giving up so much of your

 2 evening and traveling to be here.

 3 I'm Lisa Rosen, I'm a fundraising

 4 consultant to a small nonprofit, and I'm a resident

 5 of Center City Philadelphia, United States, the

 6 world. I'm here to provide my perspective on this

 7 issue of setting dramatically -- reasonably

 8 increased standards of fuel efficiency for autos and

 9 I do hope also for buses and trucks. The air was

10 never cleaner than when we had a bus strike here.

11 I'm married, but we don't have

12 children, so I have no personal investment in the

13 future health of our air and water, so I shouldn't

14 care, but I do. I am 52 years old, I was recently

15 diagnosed with ovarian cancer. My health is good

16 for now, but my life expectancy greatly shortened,

17 so I may not be here to reap the benefits that many

18 of the fuel efficiency standards can bring us, and I

19 shouldn't care, but I do.

20 Like the former speaker, I live in

21 Center City, but most of my clients and friends are

22 here, and a huge array of cultural offerings that I

23 walk to or take public transit 90 percent of the

24 time. I only use my car to leave town. And, so, my

25 tires now suffer from dry rot from disuse of my car.
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 1 So all the money that could be saved with all of

 2 these fuel efficiency standards really doesn't

 3 affect me -- I think I refill once a month -- so I

 4 shouldn't care, but I do. I care deeply.

 5 The bulk of the proven remaining oil

 6 reserves in the world today are located in the

 7 Middle East. Our nation's security is put at risk

 8 when we must indulge rogue nations or help prop up

 9 heinous dictators all to pander for unfettered

10 access to their oil.

11 When we elect representatives, we

12 hope they are going to stand up for our highest

13 ideals and to put up great resistance to the forces

14 that work contrary to the public interest. It's

15 challenging, but we hope that, when it matters, as

16 this issue does, we will rally and stand behind them

17 to strengthen the resolve.

18 Past wars and wars in our future have

19 been fought over resources. Hundreds of years ago

20 it was over peppercorn, which had a value of money

21 and currency. For a hundred years or more we've

22 been fighting over oil and access to oil. Coming

23 wars will be over oil as the reserves dwindle and

24 demand increases, and over water, and we will be

25 battered in the winds over these battles when we
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 1 should be aspiring to our higher ideals.

 2 I'm not going to be called to serve

 3 in those wars, nor will my children or

 4 grandchildren, so I shouldn't care, but I really do,

 5 and I care what happens to the innocent citizens of

 6 those nations who are unfortunate enough to have

 7 large oil reserves. If we do not, each of us, with

 8 or without a personal stake in the future, with or

 9 without a political objective in this issue, stand

10 up for our higher ideals, we will not achieve a

11 better world.

12 When I was very young I decided I

13 wanted to go to an excellent college. Had I put off

14 applying myself or just plodded along and hoped for

15 the best, it probably would not have come about.

16 You can't just knuckle down in your senior year and

17 hope that Harvard will come beating on your door.

18 So my dream was to go to Yale. So I took courses

19 and added extracurriculars and worked and worked and

20 passed the many social issues, and there were many

21 forces trying to pull me off my course in my family,

22 among my friends, tempting things, but I stayed the

23 course and I fell short of my mark. I didn't get

24 into Yale, but I got into Smith and I got an

25 excellent education.
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 1 So, if we set high standards and we

 2 fall even slightly short of the mark, we will still

 3 have achieved something excellent, something

 4 wonderful, something that will benefit us and future

 5 generations and something to make all of us proud of

 6 not caving in to the forces that try to derail those

 7 forces.

 8 When cars came into being, the horse

 9 and buggy people really tried like crazy to keep

10 them off the road, to set up obstacles, to set

11 onerous, onerous rules of use, all to try to

12 preserve and hang on to the status quo. Well, we

13 are all the beneficiaries of that today, so what

14 will we do to help advance our society into the

15 future?

16 I can't thank you enough for your

17 hearings on these issues, and I do hope that they

18 respond to the will of the people, the majority of

19 whom absolutely want these standards. That, even if

20 we fall ever so slightly short, we'll still have

21 achieved something great.

22 Thank you.

23 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, and thank

24 you for caring.

25 Mr. Blumenstock.
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 1

 2 JIM BLUMENSTOCK

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 Hi. My name is Jim Blumenstock.

 6 It's very impressive and even intimidating to listen

 7 to some of these testimonies.

 8 I'm a resident of Haverford Township

 9 in Delaware County outside of Philadelphia. I am

10 not, as others, an environmental engineer, a

11 scientist, or a politician, but I come here tonight

12 as a father of three and a concerned citizen.

13 I want my kids to inherit a clean,

14 green, healthy country and planet, and we, in our

15 own way, try to have an impact. In our family we

16 have purchased fuel efficient cars, we have upgraded

17 our systems in windows and heating in our house to

18 be more efficient, and most recently, in March, we

19 took the step to install solar energy, 28 panels on

20 our roof, to reduce our electric needs by

21 75 percent. It helps, but it's the big changes that

22 we really need. That's why I'm here tonight.

23 I support and applaud the Obama

24 Administration to continue to raise the fuel

25 efficiency standards for cars and light trucks to
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 1 this 54.5 miles per gallon standard. The time has

 2 come to aggressively pursue these positive changes

 3 and improvements with these goals to improve our

 4 environment, reduce our carbon emissions, stimulate

 5 our economy, and reduce our dependence on foreign

 6 oil supplies.

 7 Everywhere we turn we see the effects

 8 of global warming, whether it's more weather events,

 9 reduction of icecaps and glaciers, the shifting of

10 weather patterns, or even the adverse health effects

11 on individuals. The technology to improve fuel

12 efficiency is and has been available, but just not

13 realized. We need to work together to make these

14 technological improvements a reality.

15 I have a real short personal story,

16 in that my daughter is currently a participant in

17 something that is very unique and special called the

18 Green Corps Movement, and it's basically a

19 fellowship that's offered every year to about 30

20 young individuals who display an incredible

21 commitment and passion with their work in individual

22 communities around the country to advocate for

23 environmental issues and causes, and these young

24 professionals work around the clock, they are

25 working 12 to 14 hours a day, on a very small
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 1 stipend income, but what it drives home is that they

 2 shouldn't have the corner on passion and commitment;

 3 it should be something we all have and something we

 4 all display, from our small communities to our

 5 federal government.

 6 This issue of energy efficiency and

 7 regulation often seems to turn political somehow,

 8 but it shouldn't be. It's common sense and it's

 9 about the future of our communities, our country,

10 and our planet. It's time -- more than time for

11 America to step up and be a leader in protecting our

12 planet.

13 I appreciate the time and the ability

14 to contribute tonight. Thank you.

15 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, and

16 congratulations on the passion in the environment

17 that you've instilled in your kids. It's pretty

18 obvious. Thank you.

19 Next I believe is Ms. Mershon.

20

21 GAIL MERSHON

22 CITIZEN

23

24 Yes. My name is Gail Mershon, and

25 forgive me if I trip over my words a little bit, and
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 1 I will be brief.

 2 I wanted to speak first as a

 3 grandmother. I have one-and-a-half,

 4 three-and-a-half and 14-year-old grandchildren, and

 5 I am deeply concerned that my generation is leaving

 6 a really unsolvable mess for them, and of course I'm

 7 speaking mostly of climate change. I see increasing

 8 frequency and severity of catastrophic and near

 9 catastrophic climate events in my life, especially

10 in the last ten years, but I'm also speaking about

11 the political and economic fallout from our

12 dependence on oil, and then the very real danger of

13 more catastrophic accidents coming from our attempts

14 to procure and transport the oil. And I don't think

15 I'm overstating using the word "catastrophic" three

16 times in one sentence. I don't think that's an

17 overstatement.

18 These accidents foul the earth, kill

19 wildlife and cost us billions of dollars. I don't

20 know what to say to my 14-year-old grandchild when

21 he says to me, "Grammy, what are we doing to fix the

22 earth?" That's what he says. "What are we doing?"

23 I don't know what to say to him.

24 I'd also like to speak as an

25 occupational therapist who works here in
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 1 Philadelphia County with three to five-years-olds in

 2 home and community-based settings, and many of these

 3 little children have asthma and other respiratory

 4 conditions, and it's really impacting their lives

 5 greatly. It impacts their sleep, their growth, and

 6 ultimately their ability to learn, and I want to

 7 speak for them because they can't speak for

 8 themselves, and I want to know, you know, what I

 9 could say to them. I want them to be able to live

10 in a world that is clean and safe.

11 So, in summary, I just want to

12 applaud you and President Obama for this proposal

13 that will increase fuel economy for cars and trucks

14 and -- and decrease our dependence on foreign oil,

15 hopefully, and to my grandchildren -- you know, for

16 me this is a no-brainer, this proposal, it's an

17 absolute no-brainer, but to my grandchildren, I want

18 to say to them it's the least we can do for you.

19 Thank you.

20 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, and I think

21 you do have something now to tell your

22 grandchildren. You were here tonight to almost 9:00

23 o'clock giving your views. Thank you.

24 Mr. O'Malley.

25
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 1 DOUG O'MALLEY

 2 ENVIRONMENT NEW JERSEY

 3 FIELD DIRECTOR

 4

 5 Thank you. My name is Doug O'Malley.

 6 I'm the field director with Environment New Jersey.

 7 We are a nonprofit citizen advocacy group

 8 representing over 60,000 citizens and members across

 9 the Garden State.

10 I guess I just wanted to start off by

11 saying that the panelists, all of you, should get

12 medals, because I believe you've probably been here

13 since 9:00 a.m.

14 MR. MEDFORD: No. It started at

15 10:00 -- well, we came early this morning from

16 Washington, but, yes, we started at 10:00.

17 MR. O'MALLEY: So certainly a long

18 day.

19 MR. MEDFORD: A long day.

20 MR. O'MALLEY: Thank you for

21 listening to this testimony and also thank you for

22 not cutting people off at two-minute increments,

23 which I've certainly seen in other testimonies.

24 I also want to thank all the

25 panelists here -- obviously, I only had a chance to
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 1 hear ten or 15 of us. I mean, this is what I don't

 2 hear in Trenton at the State House. We do not get a

 3 chance to hear from the public on the environment,

 4 partially because the state has those meetings at,

 5 you know, 10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m., when most people

 6 can't get there.

 7 Listening to these stories, I'm

 8 reminded why these clean car regulations are so

 9 critical. You've heard again and again that these

10 regulations will be the biggest step ever to reduce

11 global warming pollution, and that alone should be

12 reason enough to move ahead with these regulations.

13 But I -- you obviously know, you know, the ins and

14 outs of these regulations very, very, very well.

15 I actually want to take a step back

16 in time and, for that matter, step across the river.

17 Obviously a lot of folks here tonight and a lot of

18 people you've talked with tonight are from

19 Pennsylvania and from the greater Philadelphia area.

20 Now New Jersey, so close by, has eight and a half

21 million people and nearly as many cars. We are the

22 most densely populated state in the country. We are

23 also the first state in America to pass clean car

24 legislation legislatively, not administratively, and

25 that was a battle.
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 1 That was a world that is a different

 2 one from the one we've seen. It's a world where GM

 3 flew out lobbyists to Trenton to testify against

 4 these standards. It's a world where hybrid cars

 5 were literally, you know, front page news because no

 6 one had seen them before. People asked, can they

 7 work, will they die? Obviously that's not true now.

 8 It's also a world where auto

 9 manufacturers said there will be no demand for clean

10 cars, where they literally drove golf carts around

11 the State House saying, "This is what you'll get if

12 you get clean car standards." This was ten years

13 ago.

14 We now, obviously, are in a much

15 different world, a world that, as you noted, two

16 years ago the car manufacturers testified in support

17 of the current clean car standards. This is a world

18 where consumers are demanding clean cars, demanding

19 cars that have higher fuel efficiency, and this is

20 also a world where, some time down the line, but

21 obviously very forward thinking policy of the

22 California clean cars policy of the zero emissions

23 vehicle are -- that policy has come into reality by

24 looking at the Volt and the Leaf, and obviously

25 there will be more electric cars soon to join them.
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 1 Now, I think it's important to know

 2 that this is not just -- these protections are not

 3 just something that environmentalists are calling

 4 for. I imagine most people you've heard from

 5 tonight would call themselves environmentalists.

 6 It's important to know that in New Jersey our

 7 legislature is green. It's green because the public

 8 is green. There are 23 lawmakers who, over the

 9 course of this summer, called on the EPA and the

10 president to adopt these standards.

11 Those legislators came from both

12 sides of the aisle, from both Republicans and

13 Democrats. The Senate President, Steve Sweeney, a

14 Democrat, called for stronger standards, as well as

15 the minority leader of the State Senate, Tom Kean,

16 Jr., who ran for the Republican Senate seat in 2006.

17 And the reason therefore is not only because of the

18 facts; it's because the public in New Jersey is

19 demanding it. There has been thousands of comments

20 for stronger clean car standards. And I think it's

21 important to note that this call -- you know, our

22 legislation was passed when gas was less than $2 a

23 gallon.

24 And I just want to return quickly to

25 kind of the reason why these standards are so
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 1 important. I'll just start with one of the most

 2 obvious ones for the average American, and that's

 3 the fact that these standards will save money. As

 4 you have noted in the description of these

 5 standards, either the very conservative estimate

 6 that you make that 14 years from now gas will be

 7 relatively at the same level -- I'd be certainly

 8 willing to bet anyone in this room -- not $10,000

 9 like Mitt Romney, but a ten spot -- that gas will be

10 a lot more expensive 14 years from now. But let's

11 say it does stay the same. The savings are immense.

12 Just New Jersey alone, $727 million goes straight

13 into consumers' pockets. The average savings, as

14 you well know, between three and over $4,000.

15 Let me just conclude by talking about

16 something that the average American doesn't think

17 about, and that's the savings from global warming

18 pollution. You've heard time and again that this

19 regulation will be equivalent to shutting down 70

20 coal-fired powerplants. In New Jersey it's even

21 more important. Half of our global warming

22 pollution comes from our cars and our trucks. We

23 cannot meet our state global warming standard

24 without this regulation.

25 And in New Jersey our economy is
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 1 based upon the shore -- I'll wrap up -- is based

 2 upon the shore, which is a $38 billion economy. Sea

 3 level rise will be incredibly detrimental to all

 4 states, but especially our state.

 5 Thank you again.

 6 MR. MEDFORD: Great. Thank you very

 7 much for your testimony.

 8 So I think those panelists who have

 9 given their testimony can leave and we'll get the

10 final panelists up for final testimony.

11 (Pause.)

12 MR. MEDFORD: Okay. Introduce

13 yourself and begin your testimony.

14

15 MIKE TINKER

16 CITIZEN

17

18 My name is Michael Tinker, I am a

19 retired engineer, and I want to talk to you tonight

20 as somebody who lives on the planet and somebody who

21 exists in the United States and somebody who has a

22 family.

23 I think that many of the folks out

24 there don't realize quite how fragile we are. The

25 earth takes up .03 percent of the mass of the solar
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 1 system. Not the galaxy, not the universe; just the

 2 solar system. That's 3/10,000ths of the mass of the

 3 solar system. We are a very small rock, and we live

 4 in an atmosphere that represents about 1/1,000th of

 5 the diameter of the earth. It's very fragile, it's

 6 easily hurt, as we know from things like the

 7 explosion of Krakatoa and the way it affected the

 8 climate and, if we hurt it, it's going to hurt us

 9 back.

10 As Ms. Rosen mentioned, we are

11 running out of water and we are running out of

12 energy, and we are going to be in really deep

13 sneakers if we don't do something about both of

14 those actually, but, in particular, what you're

15 addressing here tonight is the energy, and we can

16 reduce our energy dependence. Which brings me to

17 being a citizen of the United States. We are a

18 major consumer of energy in the world now, and we

19 can't fight our way into energy. I think we found

20 that out in Iraq. George W. Bush, our previous

21 President, went to the Saudis and said, "Please pump

22 more oil," and they thumbed their noses at him.

23 There was a time when people didn't thumb their

24 noses at the United States, but we are very

25 vulnerable. It's a much greater threat to our
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 1 security than terrorists are. We are going to find,

 2 as we run out of water and run out of energy, that

 3 we are really incredibly vulnerable.

 4 I've been hanging out with the same

 5 lady for about half century now and I've been

 6 married to her for 46 years, and she has asthma. So

 7 does our older daughter. Both of them take heavy

 8 medication and it's under control, but -- and here

 9 is another anecdote that somebody mentioned

10 earlier -- you can't move to Arizona anymore. I

11 have a friend who moved to Arizona because his

12 mother-in-law had breathing problems. It's just as

13 polluted in Chandler, Arizona now as it is anywhere

14 else. It didn't help her to move.

15 We can control energy if we want to,

16 we can control pollution and cut down on the

17 diseases associated with it, if we want to, if we

18 have the will to act.

19 And thank you very much for being

20 here this evening for a very long day, and let us

21 hope that the Administration goes forward with these

22 standards and future standards. Thank you very

23 much.

24 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

25 Our next speaker, please.
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 1

 2 DON HALBERT

 3 CITIZEN

 4

 5 Good evening. My name is Don

 6 Halbert, and I'm a retired veteran of 35 years in

 7 the rail industry, and I came with some remarks

 8 prepared, but I think I'm going to just make it

 9 short and say, having spent that long in an

10 overregulated industry, I know a little bit about

11 regulation and what overregulation can do. It can

12 do a lot of harm.

13 These standards are not

14 overregulation. They are simply a natural outgrowth

15 of our profligate use of fuel and highways. We

16 drove the rail industry -- after they showed their

17 greed in the late 19th century, we drove them to the

18 point where they were on their knees. That was the

19 result of regulation. What I'm trying say is that

20 the government has a role and sometimes they over --

21 they are too heavy handed.

22 The Highway Act of 1953 produced the

23 best highway system in the world, and our fathers

24 gave us that, but, you know, we've kind of run with

25 it, and I think today we are just too -- well, we
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 1 have to have something to drive down the use of oil,

 2 and I believe these standards will do that.

 3 I have two sons and five

 4 grandchildren, and I want them to be able to say

 5 that we did something on the order of what our

 6 ancestors did for us.

 7 So I thank you very much for the

 8 opportunity to speak and thank you for being here.

 9 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much for

10 coming.

11

12 RICH POSMONTEIR

13 CITIZEN

14

15 My name is Rich Posmonteir. I'm a

16 father, a small business owner, and an avid hiker

17 and a walker. I've spent many hours hiking in our

18 local beautiful park here in Philadelphia called the

19 Wissahickon Valley with my son who has asthma. I'm

20 here supporting the higher fuel efficiency standards

21 for cars and light trucks. I'm here because I'd

22 like to be able to help secure a future, a future

23 where I can continue to walk in the Wissahickon

24 Valley with my son and not fear that he will have an

25 asthma attack.
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 1 I see more and more children with

 2 asthma and suspect that it's related to air quality.

 3 I'm not an expert in the field, but my life

 4 experience has shown me that most people don't make

 5 difficult changes because it's the right thing to

 6 do. They need to be -- I've observed that often

 7 change comes with financial incentive.

 8 And you -- I'm sure you know these

 9 facts. The New York Times has reported that the

10 National Highway Transportation and Safety

11 Administration has estimated that the higher fuel

12 standards will cause vehicle prices to rise about

13 $2,000 a vehicle, and yet the average consumer will

14 save about $6,600 in fuel costs over the life of the

15 car. And they also report that the proposed rules

16 will create 484,000 jobs and cut oil consumption by

17 1.5 billion -- million barrels a day by 2030.

18 That's according to the GO60mpg coalition, an

19 association of environmental advocacy groups that

20 support the proposal.

21 I feel that the new rules, they are

22 very doable, as other people have said, they are a

23 no-brainer, it's a win/win. Less oil consumed,

24 better security for our country, and cleaner air.

25 The larger issue also is that I think the United
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 1 States has an ethical and moral obligation to set an

 2 example for the rest of the industrialized world and

 3 not succumb to the financial pressures of large

 4 corporations.

 5 I thank you for listening.

 6 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you very much.

 7

 8 NOAH VAN NIEL

 9 CITIZEN

10

11 Good evening. My name is Noah Van

12 Niel. I'm a young professional here in Philadelphia

13 and I wouldn't consider myself an activist, but,

14 when I saw this was an opportunity to come and lend

15 my voice to the discussion, I thought it was the

16 least I can do, as some people have said. I thank

17 you for the opportunity, I thank you again, as many

18 people have said, for surviving this long day and

19 listening to us all.

20 I believe that the proposed fuel

21 efficiency standards of the 54.5 miles per gallon

22 for cars and light trucks in the model years 2017 to

23 2025 is not only a good idea, but it is a necessity.

24 My reasoning is three fold -- and it won't come as

25 any shock -- economic, environmental and
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187

 1 international.

 2 You don't need to be an expert to

 3 know that in the past decade filling up your car at

 4 the pump has became a major expense. Personal

 5 experience bears that out as well as any chart or

 6 graph. Gas prices are high and trending higher, and

 7 they are weighing down our family's finances, thus

 8 adding one more drag to an already sagging economy.

 9 One way to solve this problem is to

10 lower gas prices, but I recognize that this is a

11 complex and difficult thing to do. So the other way

12 to solve this problem would be to increase the

13 distance that each car could go per gallon of gas,

14 so the number of times people had to fill up at the

15 pump was less, and the money they were spending per

16 month, per year would be less as well. It seems

17 pretty straightforward and, as many people have

18 said, by 2030 this could save $45 billion annually,

19 and that's about $330 per family, which, if we are

20 still in an economic slump in 2030, that better do a

21 little bit of good.

22 Environmentally -- I may betray a

23 bias, but I have no problem doing that. I believe

24 that global warming is real and I believe that it's

25 happening now. I think approving higher standards
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188

 1 for fuel efficiency would cut annual global warming

 2 pollution by, as we've heard, 280 million metric

 3 tons, like shutting down 70 coal-fired powerplants

 4 for a year, which wouldn't be a bad idea, either.

 5 By combating global warming and it's

 6 negative effects on our planet and the health of

 7 future generations, these standards would do a lot

 8 of good for our own country and for the world.

 9 Internationally, one of the most

10 interesting things I found about the Arab Spring

11 uprising as they affected life here in America were

12 how directly our foreign policy relations with

13 countries in that tumultuous region were tied to our

14 imports of their oil. Not only is it dangerous to

15 allow ourselves to be beholden to regimes which take

16 the idea of human rights as a suggestion rather than

17 a mandate, but it sends mixed messages about our own

18 devotion to those same principles.

19 It also undermines our national

20 security because we are sending over a billion

21 dollars a year into a region where we have a very

22 limited level of control over what happens to it.

23 These new standards would help to liberate us from

24 that destructive tangle of relationships we are

25 holding on to in spite of ourselves. By the year
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 1 2030, we could cut the annual oil consumption of

 2 about what we take in from -- or took in from Saudi

 3 Arabia and Iraq in 2010.

 4 It is for these reasons that I think

 5 that passing these standards is a no-brainer, it is

 6 good for us now and good for us in the future and,

 7 in my humble opinion, is the kind of thing that a

 8 government should be doing for its people.

 9 Thank you.

10 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you.

11 Last but not least.

12

13 DEBORAH McILVAINE

14 CITIZEN

15 Hi. I'm Debbie McIlvaine. I've

16 lived in Philadelphia all my life, and I'm an

17 administrative assistant at a Quaker school in

18 Philadelphia, and there are lots of reasons why I

19 support this legislation.

20 I also have a son who has asthma, and

21 I think he would have an improved quality of life if

22 the air were cleaner. I think this is the

23 responsible thing to do, for our country to do, to

24 safeguard our world for future generations, as a lot

25 of people here have talked about tonight, and also
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 1 to make an attempt to mitigate against the harmful

 2 effects of pollution and global warming on wildlife.

 3 For example, the polar bears' habitat being

 4 destroyed. And there are countless examples.

 5 I have visited many beautiful places

 6 in our country: The Grand Canyon, the Shenandoah

 7 Mountains, the Adirondacks, and mountains in New

 8 Hampshire, Vermont and Maine, and the beautiful

 9 Jersey shore, but, wherever I go, I'm looking at

10 these magnificent sights through a veil of smog. It

11 heart-sickens me to see how human activity has

12 masked the beauty of our natural wonders.

13 And that's very true in Philadelphia,

14 especially in the summer. It's a beautiful city,

15 but not when you are looking at it through a lot of

16 smog.

17 I think these standards represent

18 policy that is rational and not just focused on

19 short-term gains, and that's something that I feel,

20 as a citizen, I see too little of in public policy.

21 Public policy seems so driven by what is politically

22 expedient for public officials rather than what is

23 in the best interest of the public and what makes

24 rational sense.

25 These standards make sense in so many
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 1 ways. They make economic sense. It would benefit

 2 families and our country to spend less money on gas.

 3 It would benefit industry to upgrade and modernize

 4 and would create jobs. It would also make economic

 5 sense in terms of reducing health care costs in

 6 diseases related to the harmful effects of

 7 pollution.

 8 And these standards make rational

 9 sense in terms of our energy policy, from an energy

10 perspective. It would reduce our reliance on oil,

11 most importantly foreign oil. And they make sense

12 from a human perspective. Government has a duty to

13 protect the public from the harmful effects of

14 pollution.

15 I think that our public officials

16 have an awesome responsibility to protect the public

17 and preserve our earth for the future -- for future

18 generations, and I hope that they won't treat that

19 responsibility with cynicism.

20 Thank you very much.

21 MR. MEDFORD: Thank you, and thanks

22 to the four of you for staying so late and

23 expressing your views. We very much appreciate it.

24 The hearing is now adjourned.

25 (9:12 p.m.)
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

$

$1 (1)

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Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (192) $1 - 3/10,000ths
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

30 (7)

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59 (1)

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above (1)

 38:13

abroad (1)

 74:16

absolute (3)

 40:10,19;174:17

absolutely (2)

 134:18;169:19

absorbs (1)

 67:23

abused (1)

 155:15

Academy (1)

 65:22

accelerating (2)

 54:1;75:6

accept (2)

 141:2;155:2

acceptable (2)

 76:8,10

access (7)

 87:6;96:11;120:22;

 163:7;164:25;167:10,22

accident (1)

 92:4

accidents (2)

 173:13,18

accompanied (1)

 53:8

accompanying (1)

 70:5

according (2)

 98:11;185:18

account (4)

 10:13,17;16:3;44:11

accounted (1)

 13:12

accounting (1)

 12:15

accounts (1)

 38:5

accrued (1)

 14:18

accustomed (1)

 112:25

Acetaldehyde (1)

 10:10

achievable (2)

 19:12;76:23

achieve (7)

 9:3;13:23;17:8,22;

 18:21;152:12;168:10

achieved (3)

 83:12;169:3,21

achieving (2)

 61:20;120:6

acid (1)

 128:2

across (9)

 16:8;17:25;22:15;

 54:4,5;75:17;88:17;

 175:8;176:16

Act (11)

 8:25,25;54:17;

 100:11;101:4,14;

 117:11,11;146:13;

 182:18;183:22

acted (1)

 41:4

action (13)

 12:24;26:9;31:16;

 34:18;79:17;83:25;

 91:14;94:12;97:1;

 134:16;152:23;155:24;

 156:3

actions (7)

 34:23;81:15;96:16,

 24;118:4,8;129:22

active (2)

 43:22;123:24

actively (1)

 146:16

activist (1)

 186:13

activities (5)

 9:1;58:18;93:10;

 108:12;126:18

activity (2)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (193) 30 - activity
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 40:13;190:11

actual (1)

 85:20

actually (29)

 29:6,8,17,23;41:19;

 42:8;47:15;48:1;64:3;

 74:3;85:20,22;99:20;

 106:18;107:1,14,21;

 108:12,16,21;110:16;

 111:20;122:18;140:2;

 153:6;157:10,11;

 176:15;181:14

adapted (1)

 71:5

Adapting (1)

 105:17

add (4)

 13:9;25:4;105:4;

 153:1

added (4)

 67:18;120:5,6;168:19

addict (1)

 155:14

addicted (1)

 87:18

addiction (9)

 34:6,9,15;35:5,10;

 50:25;55:10,12;60:21

adding (4)

 21:10;105:22;157:14;

 187:8

addition (7)

 14:7;20:1;25:22;28:5,

 17;29:3;65:7

additional (1)

 142:22

address (10)

 66:16;78:2,3,6,10,14;

 80:25;127:2;131:25;

 133:6

addressed (1)

 14:21

Addressing (3)

 50:20;101:6;181:15

Adirondacks (1)

 190:7

adjourned (1)

 191:24

administered (1)

 161:24

Administration (22)

 8:13;9:16;13:25;24:5,

 24;32:7;39:24;45:14;

 54:6;59:12;78:20;

 112:17;115:24;124:17;

 129:12;143:9;147:19;

 149:18;165:14;170:24;

 182:21;185:11

administrative (1)

 189:17

administratively (1)

 176:24

Admiral (1)

 73:8

admire (1)

 79:16

adopt (3)

 41:2;62:8;178:10

adopting (2)

 19:25;26:9

adoption (2)

 70:6;106:22

ads (1)

 61:23

adulthood (1)

 103:20

adults (3)

 22:10;38:8;114:6

advance (1)

 169:14

advanced (6)

 17:19;18:10,19,23;

 83:14;131:13

advancements (2)

 13:6;81:20

advances (1)

 13:5

advantage (1)

 154:16

advantages (1)

 121:24

adventures (1)

 113:5

adverse (3)

 8:22;11:2;171:10

adversely (1)

 36:15

advertised (1)

 119:5

advertising (1)

 91:11

advised (1)

 158:23

Advisory (1)

 53:20

advocacy (3)

 30:17;175:7;185:19

advocate (3)

 18:25;59:15;171:22

advocated (1)

 139:13

advocates (1)

 112:19

affair (2)

 70:3;113:16

affect (3)

 68:10;137:16;167:3

affected (8)

 36:15;75:24,25;

 101:1;117:24;118:1;

 181:7;188:11

affects (2)

 89:24;90:1

affiliated (1)

 50:8

affiliation (1)

 118:15

affirmation (1)

 85:3

affluent (1)

 136:24

afford (15)

 14:6;55:22;58:19;

 65:2,6,14;66:11;67:2;

 93:3;105:10;106:8;

 108:17,21;127:6;145:17

afraid (2)

 80:8;144:4

Africa (3)

 87:4;100:21;101:25

African-American (2)

 89:16,17

afternoon (5)

 8:8;12:4;15:6,11;

 24:20

again (23)

 22:9;26:14,21;40:9;

 41:10;43:11,25;62:21;

 63:12;66:22;69:11;

 104:24;109:9;123:1;

 129:15;136:9;146:9;

 148:24;176:9,9;179:18;

 180:5;186:17

Against (8)

 36:21;46:3;62:8;

 81:22;88:1;92:7;177:3;

 190:1

age (5)

 42:2;43:9;110:2,3;

 135:22

agencies (7)

 19:6;25:3;34:22;45:2;

 99:1;130:11;132:10

agencies' (1)

 35:14

agency (9)

 8:19;16:14;17:6;24:4;

 56:15;86:11;93:8;

 124:16;141:1

agendas (1)

 142:18

ages (2)

 77:13;142:1

aggregate (1)

 90:1

aggressive (1)

 19:5

aggressively (1)

 171:2

aghast (1)

 113:11

aging (1)

 132:17

ago (16)

 20:25;23:21;47:12;

 56:4;62:19;64:11;

 68:15;92:6;119:11;

 134:5,15;139:15;159:8;

 167:19;177:13,16

agree (2)

 32:22;139:2

agreed (1)

 114:8

Agreement (2)

 9:12;25:12

agriculture (2)

 134:21;151:9

ahead (5)

 30:9;48:5;79:17;

 159:21;176:12

aid (2)

 11:15;142:4

aids (1)

 65:23

ailments (1)

 10:25

aiming (1)

 25:11

AIR (71)

 8:6,10,18,22,24,25;

 9:2,2,4,4,5,18,22;10:2,2,

 5,7,8,19,22;11:11;13:5;

 15:19;16:5,14;21:10;

 23:23;27:10;36:16,19;

 37:19;38:3;43:14,14,19;

 44:4,10,19;47:25;54:9;

 76:14;97:5,5,8,9,12;

 98:21;120:11,14;

 122:15,21;123:17;

 124:1,2;125:6,8;133:24;

 142:13;148:23;149:5,7,

 12;155:19;163:7,14;

 165:9;166:9,13;185:2,

 24;189:22

airborne (1)

 9:24

aisle (1)

 178:12

Al (2)

 92:8;93:23

Alabama (1)

 112:1

alarming (1)

 16:15

alert (1)

 43:20

algae (2)

 24:1;122:19

Alice (3)

 116:12;123:7,11

Alison (1)

 110:2

Alissa (2)

 11:24;12:1

alive (1)

 87:11

all-electric (1)

 55:25

allergies (3)

 37:24;54:10,14

Allies (1)

 36:21

allow (9)

 19:6;49:9;51:13;

 83:10,15;87:7;125:11;

 126:14;188:15

allowing (3)

 49:18;62:9;94:18

all-time (1)

 91:13

almost (11)

 27:19;28:18;44:13;

 64:7;89:19;104:2;

 105:11,16;108:13;

 127:16;174:22

almost-bankruptcy (1)

 45:8

alone (7)

 13:15;21:4;98:6,7;

 122:8;176:11;179:12

along (4)

 16:7;46:10;63:19;

 168:14

already (15)

 36:14;50:5;62:17;

 68:20;81:9;83:21;

 105:21;117:4,21,23;

 127:4;146:18;152:1;

 157:7;187:8

alternative (6)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (194) actual - alternative
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 119:23;126:6;143:19,

 22;155:9;157:15

although (9)

 57:8;64:5;115:2;

 118:24;123:21;129:4;

 138:6;147:12;156:13

always (10)

 26:12;81:18;95:13,

 14;112:9;122:2;124:2;

 127:16;138:24;158:19

amazed (1)

 151:25

ambassadors (1)

 153:21

Ambient (1)

 9:4

ambitious (3)

 25:10;26:2,15

America (11)

 31:9;86:21;113:16;

 137:5,9;142:16;145:8;

 146:22;172:11;176:23;

 188:11

American (29)

 12:21;14:11;17:16;

 19:14;31:24;33:4;

 35:12;36:6,18;39:1;

 88:13;93:13;110:25;

 113:6,10,24;122:1,3,4,

 7;123:13,16;125:7;

 142:6;157:18;159:17;

 164:25;179:2,16

Americans (30)

 14:11,13,19;19:21;

 20:4;30:19;34:18,24;

 35:2,6;45:18;56:16;

 60:6;61:2,5,10,15;70:6,

 9;71:11;96:18;100:14;

 109:2,10;125:4;137:15;

 142:10;143:6;160:22;

 163:18

America's (1)

 55:10

among (7)

 16:1;40:10;68:9;

 93:19;96:16;133:12;

 168:22

amount (14)

 44:4;58:10;64:10;

 72:24;78:16;84:17;

 103:11;105:9;107:23;

 122:14;138:18;156:6;

 157:17;160:4

amounts (1)

 98:9

amphibians (1)

 59:20

AMS (5)

 8:18;9:6;11:6,13,18

AMS' (2)

 8:25;10:7

AMS's (1)

 8:20

Amsterdam (1)

 159:13

analytical (1)

 14:22

ancestors (2)

 164:2;184:6

ancient (6)

 86:16,20;87:1,15,17;

 140:2

and/or (1)

 38:12

Andrea (1)

 85:10

Andrew (3)

 85:9;102:12,15

anecdote (1)

 182:9

Angeles (2)

 99:21;130:24

angry (1)

 84:12

animal (1)

 59:17

animals (2)

 68:11,14

Ann (2)

 80:18;84:24

announced (1)

 132:19

annual (8)

 45:19;55:1;130:18;

 148:9;156:10;163:24;

 188:1;189:1

annually (3)

 18:6,24;187:18

another (17)

 21:16;26:20;29:8,13;

 47:20;60:17;73:16;

 92:3;104:3;115:5;

 120:10;121:5;132:25;

 141:1;144:18;147:21;

 182:9

answer (1)

 95:15

anthropologist (2)

 46:20;47:12

anticipate (1)

 14:16

anticipated (2)

 13:9;100:7

anti-idling (1)

 11:14

antisocial (2)

 67:12;68:4

antitax (1)

 61:22

anybody (2)

 84:12;158:24

anymore (2)

 82:22;182:10

anyone (2)

 158:25;179:8

anything (6)

 29:9;68:20;84:12;

 88:5;147:14;161:1

anyway (3)

 42:20;131:22;144:1

anywhere (3)

 137:8;146:24;182:13

apartments (2)

 66:13,23

apathy (1)

 93:19

apologize (1)

 69:8

Appalachian (1)

 58:1

appalling (1)

 155:7

appeared (1)

 22:17

appears (1)

 67:6

applaud (14)

 33:25;48:4;59:13;

 62:21;76:15;110:6;

 112:16;118:22;125:5;

 135:24;143:8;165:13;

 170:23;174:12

applauds (2)

 35:14;50:14

applying (1)

 168:14

appreciate (15)

 52:5,10,24;69:12;

 79:9;85:4;86:7;90:21;

 109:7;125:25;135:8;

 141:12;147:16;172:13;

 191:23

appreciated (1)

 96:21

appreciates (2)

 12:11;19:10

appreciative (1)

 53:6

approach (2)

 26:16;79:10

appropriate (1)

 149:14

approve (1)

 156:5

approving (1)

 187:25

approximately (3)

 14:4;61:3;72:16

April (1)

 145:19

Arab (1)

 188:10

Arabia (4)

 98:12;148:11;156:12;

 189:3

Arbor (1)

 84:24

architect (1)

 59:16

Arctic (3)

 75:11,17;76:1

ARDRA (2)

 111:12,15

area (10)

 11:9,13;22:15;27:9,

 10;31:11;56:4;66:20;

 89:3;176:19

areas (3)

 16:1,9;129:24

argue (1)

 126:22

argument (2)

 126:25;128:6

arguments (3)

 36:11;87:25;88:2

Arizona (5)

 158:23,25;182:10,11,

 13

around (14)

 18:4,7;20:7;66:12;

 86:9;88:22;100:20;

 103:21;107:22;118:7;

 134:20;171:22,24;

 177:10

array (1)

 166:22

Arreta (1)

 85:8

ARRETTA (1)

 90:9

arrhythmia (2)

 42:23,24

Arrigale (4)

 116:13,15,18,19

artist (1)

 65:16

Arts (1)

 65:22

ashamed (1)

 113:19

Asia (2)

 55:21;87:3

aside (1)

 106:3

ask (5)

 29:20;62:17;74:8;

 76:5;81:16

asked (4)

 68:5;135:18;139:21;

 177:6

asking (3)

 48:20;140:24;152:9

asks (1)

 95:14

aspect (1)

 134:19

aspiring (1)

 168:1

Assessment (1)

 10:3

assignment (1)

 141:1

assistant (3)

 47:21;153:23;189:17

associate (2)

 36:1;46:20

associated (3)

 11:11;55:4;182:17

Association (4)

 36:6,18;123:13;

 185:19

assume (1)

 66:25

Assuming (1)

 104:22

assumption (1)

 102:24

assurance (1)

 29:7

assure (1)

 29:4

asthma (20)

 16:16;36:21,22;37:2,

 12,24;38:8;42:2;54:9;

 57:19;149:1,3;158:22,

 22;174:3;182:6;184:19,

 25;185:2;189:20

asthmatic (4)

 28:18;37:1,3;138:18

astounded (1)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (195) although - astounded
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 70:21

ate (1)

 55:21

atmosphere (10)

 20:21;21:13;76:10;

 81:6;91:23;92:19;

 138:17;154:5,9;181:4

Atmospheric (1)

 54:6

atrial (2)

 42:9,9

attack (1)

 184:25

attacks (5)

 16:16,16;28:22;51:8;

 65:10

attempt (2)

 111:19;190:1

attempts (2)

 129:25;173:13

attend (1)

 40:2

attended (1)

 44:6

attention (3)

 24:9;44:9;79:21

attitude (1)

 44:16

attributed (1)

 139:4

attributes (1)

 68:17

authority (1)

 8:23

auto (27)

 14:8;18:14;19:15;

 20:5;32:3;35:12;39:1;

 45:8;46:1,2;55:13,22,

 24;56:17;61:13;88:13,

 14,16;91:8;97:15;

 112:18;115:7;126:1;

 151:21,24;152:10;177:8

automakers (4)

 31:7;62:13;110:23;

 126:23

automobile (10)

 29:22;70:10,25;71:2,

 7;89:7;94:15;96:20;

 128:7;159:6

automobiles (5)

 40:15;82:14;138:15;

 142:10;159:25

automotive (3)

 13:7;31:20;91:8

autos (1)

 166:8

AV (1)

 43:2

avail (1)

 120:18

available (10)

 36:17;37:2;61:8,10,

 13;64:21;68:7;91:9;

 121:10;171:12

Average (11)

 8:17;17:8;103:12;

 109:1,9;122:22;163:22;

 179:2,13,16;185:13

avert (1)

 49:9

avid (1)

 184:16

avoid (2)

 44:17;51:13

avoiding (1)

 151:8

awake (1)

 50:11

award-winning (1)

 92:9

aware (3)

 67:10;93:18;161:21

awareness (2)

 145:24,25

away (7)

 40:17;44:5;66:24;

 80:10;84:11;90:25;91:5

awesome (1)

 191:16

awful (1)

 44:16

B

bachelor's (1)

 112:2

back (26)

 28:24;44:6;46:9;48:1;

 63:14;64:9;65:1,12;

 68:7;69:9;77:10;78:8,9;

 82:11;84:22;88:11;

 100:5;109:8,10;112:21;

 116:4;131:22;140:11;

 150:9;176:15;181:9

bad (9)

 40:20;42:3;48:8;64:4;

 80:12;97:13;149:5;

 159:23;188:4

bailout (1)

 129:25

balance (3)

 92:25;98:4,9

ball (2)

 22:20,20

ballet (1)

 22:8

balls (1)

 23:8

Baltimore (1)

 68:1

Bangladesh (1)

 100:21

bankrupt (3)

 55:19;70:25;71:2

barefoot (1)

 22:8

barrels (4)

 14:5;34:7;133:3;

 185:17

baseball (1)

 22:14

based (9)

 10:6,11;15:18;36:16;

 96:17;101:3;134:12;

 180:1,1

basic (5)

 25:15;71:12;72:8;

 125:8;163:6

basically (5)

 66:15;74:4;82:4;

 102:22;171:18

basis (1)

 54:12

bathroom (1)

 63:9

battered (1)

 167:25

batteries (2)

 18:23;76:21

battle (4)

 112:20;114:4,18;

 176:25

battles (1)

 167:25

Bay (1)

 58:4

bears (2)

 75:25;187:5

bears' (1)

 190:3

beating (1)

 168:17

Beatrice (3)

 116:12;147:5,10

beautiful (7)

 23:16;24:10;117:6;

 184:18;190:5,8,14

beauty (2)

 90:23;190:12

became (6)

 20:24;113:22;139:20;

 145:25;158:14;187:4

because (73)

 20:24;29:21;33:8;

 35:3;36:15,19;37:9;

 38:3;41:24;43:11;45:5,

 9;55:19;58:7;61:8,11,

 21;65:17;67:14;68:8,

 10;72:18;73:11;74:13;

 80:11;82:15;83:5,23;

 84:10;86:14;89:22;

 91:17;93:4;95:5,17,18;

 99:19;107:15,20;109:9;

 117:1;122:2,7;124:4,25;

 133:8,20;134:5;139:23;

 140:1;142:11;143:5;

 144:10,13,16;145:17;

 149:23;157:15;160:11,

 14;163:10;164:20;

 174:7;175:12;176:4;

 177:5;178:7,17,18;

 182:11;184:21;185:5;

 188:20

become (5)

 26:11;87:18;132:5;

 150:25;165:15

becomes (2)

 21:8;94:10

Beetle (1)

 139:23

before (12)

 2:7;41:9,23;44:13;

 48:18;75:3;83:19;

 100:17;102:6;127:8;

 145:8;177:6

beg (1)

 58:11

began (2)

 110:10;116:3

begging (1)

 84:1

begin (4)

 82:15;118:14;158:5;

 180:13

beginning (6)

 48:8;55:13;60:25;

 78:14;156:7,7

behalf (8)

 8:11;15:14;33:24;

 36:7,7;75:22;96:19;

 102:16

behaviors (2)

 67:12;68:4

behind (4)

 46:7;112:13;146:12;

 167:16

beholden (1)

 188:15

being (23)

 15:2;16:1;59:19;

 64:24,25;85:17;87:10;

 94:7;96:15;112:25;

 114:18;124:9;125:1;

 136:12;145:13;150:25;

 162:16;165:25;169:8;

 181:17;182:19;184:8;

 190:3

beings (2)

 47:9;75:22

belief (2)

 54:2;96:21

believe (31)

 19:12,24;26:16;

 31:15,24;32:1,19;54:15;

 60:25;82:25;91:10;

 92:15;93:20;94:12;

 114:7,14;126:7;127:3;

 128:14;137:2;152:9,15;

 154:5,24;155:9;172:19;

 175:12;184:2;186:20;

 187:23,24

Bell (1)

 23:19

belong (1)

 150:23

belts (2)

 55:13;70:25

bench-lined (1)

 22:4

beneficiaries (1)

 169:13

benefit (16)

 12:21;25:24;32:9;

 77:13;79:13;96:18;

 110:14;111:2;120:10,

 24;126:9;127:22;

 139:22;169:4;191:1,3

benefits (7)

 9:17;13:21;14:9;

 25:13;62:10;130:6;

 166:17

Benzene (1)

 10:9

Bergey (4)

 49:23,25;50:3,4

best (15)

 20:1;66:6;81:19;

 82:16,21;88:18;112:11;

 114:13;124:3;125:14;

 144:17;160:14;168:15;

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Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 183:23;190:23

bet (1)

 179:8

betray (1)

 187:22

better (24)

 33:4;35:7;43:5;51:19;

 54:19;68:22;74:13;

 81:17,24;83:16,17;

 107:20;115:19,25;

 119:7;120:11;121:6;

 122:13;139:1;152:2;

 161:6;168:11;185:24;

 187:20

between (6)

 18:6;29:1;121:3;

 132:7;142:1;179:14

beyond (4)

 139:9;148:13;155:13;

 157:20

bias (1)

 187:23

biased (1)

 129:22

bible (2)

 72:14;100:4

bicycle (1)

 28:12

big (18)

 23:6,15;27:24;28:10;

 59:14;101:24;115:7;

 121:1;129:25;133:23;

 144:15;146:14;148:3;

 151:8;159:17;160:25;

 161:6;170:21

bigger (2)

 94:5;109:5

biggest (7)

 35:9;124:22;146:5;

 154:25;163:10,15;

 176:10

bike (4)

 77:10;132:7,12;

 151:12

biking (1)

 28:13

bill (6)

 58:11,12,25;64:12,19;

 127:20

billion (16)

 14:5;18:6,24;34:10;

 60:7;73:6;74:14;

 110:12,17;148:10;

 155:4;156:11;180:2;

 185:17;187:18;188:20

billions (2)

 35:6;173:19

bills (1)

 81:12

biological (1)

 110:14

bipartisan (3)

 17:22;19:20,23

birder (1)

 88:20

birding (3)

 86:6;88:24;89:1

birds (1)

 128:4

bird-watcher (1)

 86:5

Bishops (2)

 153:22;154:14

bit (6)

 58:16;80:11;103:21;

 172:25;183:10;187:21

black (7)

 48:1;64:8;85:9;94:21,

 23;95:1,2

blame (1)

 92:25

blessed (2)

 120:15;151:14

blizzards (1)

 54:6

block (4)

 43:2;63:24;64:2;69:1

blocks (2)

 118:21;119:14

blood (5)

 42:25;64:11,12;65:2,

 3

Blum (5)

 85:9;102:10,12,15,15

Blumenstock (3)

 169:25;170:2,5

blunt (1)

 17:14

Board (4)

 15:15;53:20;88:18;

 116:20

boats (1)

 23:25

bodies (2)

 147:22;148:16

bodily (1)

 42:14

body (6)

 42:13,15;46:7;64:17;

 66:3;67:23

bold (4)

 26:15;39:24;54:17;

 76:15

Bolivia (1)

 100:22

bombarded (1)

 94:7

bonus (1)

 115:4

book (1)

 92:8

boon (1)

 33:8

boost (4)

 26:18;31:9;32:21;

 46:1

borders (1)

 87:3

born (2)

 42:2;138:6

borne (1)

 126:12

BOROUGH (4)

 27:2,7,22;28:6

borrow (2)

 137:1;164:3

boss (1)

 43:25

Boston (1)

 140:10

both (20)

 25:4;37:15;38:23;

 47:6;64:9;65:9;85:25;

 121:24;123:12;127:21;

 131:15;142:14;149:3;

 154:19;156:23;165:7;

 178:11,12;181:13;182:7

bottom (1)

 32:21

bought (2)

 27:24;38:22

Boulevard (7)

 63:21,22;65:12;

 66:10,15,20;68:25

boundaries (2)

 16:6;27:9

bountiful (1)

 117:7

boys (3)

 22:16,17,20

BP (2)

 72:13;127:10

brains (1)

 67:16

brand (1)

 165:5

brands (1)

 152:1

Brandywine (1)

 46:21

brazenly (1)

 112:22

break (3)

 90:14;106:7;150:8

breaking (1)

 60:21

break-neck (1)

 16:9

breath (3)

 15:24;16:18;29:8

breathable (1)

 120:14

breathe (4)

 29:5,7,16;123:17

breathing (1)

 182:12

breeding (1)

 24:1

brief (2)

 111:19;173:1

briefly (2)

 67:13;102:23

bright (1)

 21:19

brilliant (1)

 137:6

bring (8)

 11:8;22:24;23:14;

 52:18;88:11;117:20;

 144:9;166:18

bringing (3)

 25:9;95:21;133:1

brings (2)

 78:22;181:16

broader (1)

 89:9

broken (1)

 54:4

bronchitis (2)

 38:9;92:1

Brooklyn (1)

 140:10

brother (2)

 68:23;136:24

brother-in-law (1)

 56:1

brothers (1)

 40:11

brought (4)

 34:21;44:9;65:24;

 100:13

BS (1)

 141:25

bubble (1)

 141:7

bucket (3)

 94:1,6,9

Bucks (1)

 135:23

budget (3)

 25:21;37:10;165:7

budgets (1)

 97:18

Bug (2)

 159:9;162:11

Bugg (4)

 56:24;57:2,5,6

buggy (1)

 169:9

building (7)

 89:5;92:22;130:16,

 21;131:1,2;141:2

built (4)

 72:4;110:18;133:5;

 155:13

bulk (2)

 100:10;167:5

bundle (2)

 56:5;77:25

burden (1)

 60:11

burdened (1)

 62:17

Burger (3)

 11:24;12:1,4

burned (1)

 51:7

burner (1)

 82:12

burning (2)

 114:11;155:12

bus (1)

 166:10

buses (2)

 119:15;166:9

Bush (1)

 181:20

business (26)

 27:11;28:21;30:12,

 16,16,17,18,25;31:15,

 19,24;32:8,13,14,17,19,

 22;33:3;55:14;72:4;

 95:15;126:11;129:18,

 25;160:9;184:16

businesses (13)

 19:16;30:20,23;31:2,

 12;32:24;33:5,9;51:10;

 72:5;92:23;133:23;

 134:12

busy (1)

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Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 111:17

Butera (6)

 71:19,21,24,25;76:6,7

buy (6)

 61:6;76:19;97:22;

 104:9;151:6;153:5

buying (4)

 56:2;73:12;74:11;

 151:7

byproduct (1)

 77:20

C

cabs (1)

 159:14

cadmium (1)

 67:16

CAFE (5)

 29:21;128:15;162:1;

 163:3;164:5

California (4)

 31:20;110:17;161:8;

 177:22

call (10)

 29:13;43:24;52:14;

 78:11;79:8;148:19;

 154:10;156:4;178:5,21

called (8)

 42:9;43:2;140:3;

 168:2;171:17;178:9,14;

 184:18

calling (2)

 48:20;178:3

came (9)

 22:14;32:17;80:24;

 87:2,5;169:8;175:15;

 178:11;183:7

Campaign (4)

 9:10;33:23;113:14;

 136:20

campaigns (1)

 91:11

camping (1)

 144:21

Campus (2)

 46:21;47:4

can (120)

 10:23,24,25;14:13,16,

 20;18:15;21:9,13;

 23:11;24:9,11;25:16;

 26:1,8;29:21;30:9;31:7,

 12;35:9;38:14;43:1,5,

 14,17;44:25;46:7,22,23,

 23,24;47:16;49:6;51:5;

 52:18,19,21;53:18;56:9,

 12;57:6,13;58:11;66:6;

 67:2,13,16;68:21;76:3,

 5,13;79:1;80:22,22;

 83:12;84:7;86:10,10;

 88:21;89:18;91:10,11;

 93:1,21;97:8;102:5;

 104:25;106:5,8;113:2,4;

 114:1;118:14;120:1;

 124:22;128:6;129:23;

 130:10,11;131:5;134:8,

 14;135:11;137:21;

 140:11,14,16,23;

 143:14;144:3,16;146:3,

 8,13,24,25;147:8;

 149:25;151:19;155:18,

 22;156:13;157:8,10,14;

 159:22;160:24,24,25;

 166:18;174:18;177:6;

 180:9;181:15;182:15,

 16;183:11,11;184:23;

 186:16

Canada (2)

 98:12;108:3

cancer (6)

 10:4,6,18;65:8;92:2;

 166:15

candidate (2)

 131:18,19

cannot (9)

 14:6;76:11;93:3;

 120:22;125:4;127:11;

 155:16;163:12;179:23

cans (1)

 146:21

can't (26)

 21:4;29:5,6,7,16;

 43:12;49:5;51:2;55:22,

 24;65:2;76:2,16;79:7;

 108:16;110:23;127:6;

 145:17;146:14;158:3;

 168:16;169:16;174:7;

 176:6;181:19;182:10

Canyon (1)

 190:6

cap (1)

 75:10

capabilities (2)

 81:20;101:20

capacities (1)

 86:3

capacity (3)

 53:22;87:12,14

car (68)

 31:24;38:18;57:25;

 58:1,3,19;61:7;66:11,

 11;98:7;99:19;103:7,8,

 9;104:9,11,12,20,22;

 105:19,22;106:1,22;

 107:4,13;108:11,17,18,

 21,23;109:3,5;119:9,10,

 10,10;120:13;122:1,4,7;

 137:1;140:2;144:6,7,13,

 16;152:1,7;153:3,5;

 157:11;159:9,17;

 160:15,20;164:18,21;

 166:24,25;176:8,23;

 177:12,16,17;178:20;

 185:15;187:3,13

CARB (1)

 14:22

Carbon (15)

 10:10,15;15:22;34:8;

 101:20;124:14,23;

 133:14;134:6;138:19;

 142:12;157:5;159:5;

 165:3;171:4

card (2)

 34:23;37:14

cardiovascular (2)

 10:24;38:10

cards (1)

 22:6

care (29)

 35:3,25;36:5;37:7,7,

 11;40:4,4;50:18;53:11;

 54:12;65:13;68:10;

 84:14;112:14;122:22;

 123:21,23;125:1;157:1;

 160:17,18;166:14,19;

 167:4,4;168:4,5;191:5

cared (2)

 90:20;145:23

career (1)

 106:2

careful (3)

 43:19;92:5;129:21

carefully (2)

 38:21;156:8

cares (1)

 50:21

caretakers (1)

 66:9

Caribbean (1)

 132:22

caring (2)

 40:16;169:24

Carol (3)

 85:9;96:5,8

Carolina (1)

 108:7

carousel (1)

 23:16

carpool (2)

 144:18;155:20

carried (1)

 36:17

carry (1)

 144:18

cars (77)

 12:15,23;13:17;

 15:22;16:2;24:7;28:15;

 31:17;34:3,5,21;35:7;

 38:19;45:15;51:5;58:9,

 17;59:11;68:24;70:3,4,

 4;73:12;77:19,20;

 78:21;96:23;98:2,5;

 99:20,22;103:22;

 106:24;108:25;115:13;

 116:4;118:23;119:4,19;

 120:2;122:3,12;124:19;

 126:24;139:14;140:13,

 15;142:11;143:22;

 148:22;152:2;157:10,

 22;159:7,12,13,15,19;

 160:3,21,25;165:2,4;

 169:8;170:16,25;

 174:13;176:21;177:4,

 10,18,19,22,25;179:22;

 184:21;186:22

car's (1)

 76:21

cartels (1)

 60:8

Carter (5)

 13:25;112:22;113:13;

 116:3;146:11

Carter's (1)

 113:23

carts (1)

 177:10

case (6)

 42:3;67:22;84:13;

 94:13;104:11;130:9

cases (1)

 66:24

cash (3)

 45:18;146:18,20

cataloging (1)

 117:12

catastrophic (6)

 101:13;139:11;173:8,

 9,13,15

catch (3)

 23:7;69:9;95:25

catcher's (2)

 22:14,19

categories (1)

 144:6

category (1)

 144:7

Cathie (2)

 116:11;135:13

Catholic (2)

 153:22;154:13

cause (2)

 67:17;185:12

caused (3)

 81:15;128:4;140:19

causes (2)

 42:11;171:23

caving (1)

 169:6

CELEBRATION (4)

 50:1,7,13;51:20

cent (1)

 104:17

CENTER (15)

 12:2,10;21:15;36:2;

 50:1,7,8,13;51:20;94:4;

 96:10;119:13;153:25;

 166:5,21

cents (10)

 91:6;103:1,6;104:12,

 12,15,16,20,23;115:3

century (4)

 86:21;92:17;182:5;

 183:17

CEO (2)

 139:20;140:18

CEOs (1)

 159:21

ceremony (1)

 113:1

certain (3)

 38:14;49:13;68:4

certainly (9)

 62:6;64:18;114:2,17;

 120:24;149:5;175:17,

 23;179:7

certification (1)

 130:15

Certified (3)

 2:9,10;142:4

chair (1)

 36:5

chairman (1)

 139:16

chairs (1)

 52:16

challenge (1)

 14:20

challenges (3)

 40:23;67:11;78:15

challenging (1)

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Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 167:15

chance (9)

 42:22,23,25;86:8;

 109:2;125:3;161:18;

 175:25;176:3

Chandler (1)

 182:13

change (49)

 22:1;26:1;40:12;47:4,

 10,18;49:3,19;50:17;

 51:2;53:25;59:17,25;

 74:21,25;75:2,6,20;

 76:2;82:13;84:5;93:21;

 98:23;100:1;101:2,6,9;

 108:10;114:6,7,10;

 117:5,10,23;118:6;

 119:1;126:7,10,14;

 127:3;134:16,17;150:7;

 153:22;154:14;156:1;

 163:16;173:7;185:7

changed (1)

 44:12

changes (15)

 25:10;43:4;75:24;

 101:18;108:20;111:1;

 117:21;118:5;131:1;

 146:6,14;161:7;170:21;

 171:2;185:5

Channel (1)

 83:8

chapters (1)

 39:20

characteristics (1)

 129:17

charge (1)

 76:19

charging (1)

 19:2

Charitable (1)

 17:4

Charlie (3)

 56:24;57:2,5

Charlotte (3)

 116:10;118:17,20

chart (1)

 187:5

chase (1)

 23:8

chatting (1)

 22:5

cheaper (1)

 127:7

cheaply (1)

 95:20

checked (1)

 149:9

checks (1)

 29:11

Chemical (4)

 70:12,16,19;126:5

chemicals (1)

 64:16

chemistry (3)

 98:20;112:2,4

Cherilyn (1)

 2:8

Chesapeake (1)

 58:4

chest (3)

 42:13;44:4;161:19

Chester (1)

 157:2

Chestnut (3)

 50:9;153:23;156:25

CHET (1)

 2:16

chief (2)

 70:11;114:1

child (5)

 67:25;124:6;143:11;

 145:20;157:1

childhood (1)

 125:2

children (28)

 20:22;23:1,12,13,25;

 37:1,2,3;38:7;67:9,10;

 72:3;77:12,14;78:7;

 79:13;135:20;136:14;

 138:23;142:1;143:5;

 145:13;158:22;164:3;

 166:12;168:3;174:3;

 185:1

children's (2)

 67:16;111:3

China (2)

 113:22;133:5

choice (3)

 93:5;106:21;107:3

chokepoints (2)

 18:4,7

chosen (3)

 61:14;62:15;118:4

Christ (1)

 39:17

Christie (1)

 134:3

chronic (3)

 37:21;38:9;91:25

chronicled (1)

 54:6

chronological (1)

 111:25

CHURCH (5)

 39:12,16,16,17;50:9

CIA (1)

 73:9

Cicerale (4)

 116:13;123:7,10,11

cigarette (1)

 55:11

Circle (1)

 21:22

circles (1)

 94:4

circuitry (1)

 43:3

circumvented (1)

 44:18

cited (1)

 128:11

Cities (8)

 9:9,13;36:23;37:5;

 120:12;121:3;132:7,9

CITIZEN (61)

 20:14,17;24:18;

 35:22;41:17;46:16;

 47:2;53:3;57:3;59:5,8;

 63:3;69:22,25;71:22;

 72:2;77:6;80:5;85:14;

 86:7,10;90:10;94:24;

 96:6,9,13;98:19;106:14,

 17;109:21;111:13;

 118:18;121:17;123:8;

 125:22;126:5;128:21,

 24;135:14;138:3;147:6,

 15;150:15;153:17;

 156:19;158:9;162:22,

 25;164:11;165:23;

 170:3,12;172:22;175:7;

 180:16;181:17;183:3;

 184:13;186:9;189:14;

 190:20

Citizens (11)

 12:5,21;16:12;48:20;

 64:22;70:14;97:9;

 135:4;164:25;168:5;

 175:8

CITY (26)

 8:5,11,19;21:15,18,

 19,24,25;24:13;36:3;

 37:14,14;47:23;70:13;

 96:10,14;107:22;

 119:13,16;120:18,19;

 150:24;151:3;166:5,21;

 190:14

City's (1)

 11:15

Civic (1)

 27:14

civilization (3)

 82:17;86:19,22

civilizations (2)

 86:17;87:12

claim (1)

 158:14

clarify (1)

 50:4

Clark (4)

 153:9,13,16,20

class (2)

 42:6;79:3

Clean (27)

 8:25;11:8;16:24;17:3;

 20:21;44:19;68:25;

 97:5,7;123:17,17;124:1,

 1;125:6,8;163:7,7;

 170:13;174:10;176:8,

 23;177:9,12,17,18,22;

 178:20

clean-car (1)

 54:18

cleaner (14)

 13:2;16:2;34:21;35:6;

 36:9;37:19;93:12,14;

 94:16;142:10;163:14;

 166:10;185:24;189:22

clear (8)

 18:14;21:6;40:5;

 48:17,17;110:13;135:2;

 154:23

Clearly (1)

 37:12

clients (1)

 166:21

Climate (61)

 9:9,12,13,14;26:1;

 40:12;47:4,10,18;49:3,

 19;50:17;51:2;53:25;

 54:3;59:16,25;64:24;

 74:20,24;75:2,6,19,24;

 76:2;98:23;100:1,16,24;

 101:2,6,9,12,23;108:4,

 10;114:6,7,10;117:5,9,

 23;118:6;119:1;126:3,7,

 10,14;127:2,3;134:16,

 17,20;152:16;153:22;

 154:14;156:1;163:16;

 173:7,9;181:8

climate-disrupting (1)

 34:8

climb (1)

 47:13

climbing (1)

 23:13

cling (1)

 73:3

Clinton (1)

 9:14

clock (1)

 171:24

close (8)

 38:16;66:23;79:20;

 95:18;140:24;143:17;

 146:24;176:20

closed (1)

 132:25

closely (1)

 60:18

closer (4)

 105:10,13;109:2;

 116:4

closing (1)

 26:14

Club (13)

 20:17;33:15;35:14;

 57:11;96:15;99:12,16;

 100:17;123:13;124:25;

 125:3;150:23;154:23

Club's (2)

 33:23,24

clutch (1)

 140:3

CO2 (5)

 24:8;55:1;98:21;

 128:8;139:6

coal (1)

 114:4

coal-fired (7)

 55:2;127:19,25;

 133:13;163:24;179:20;

 188:3

coalition (4)

 11:10;34:16;153:22;

 185:18

coalition's (1)

 34:17

coal-powered (1)

 45:22

Coast (1)

 63:20

Code (1)

 8:24

codifying (1)

 14:7

coincidence (1)

 88:12

cold (1)

 107:23

Colgan-Davis (4)

 85:8,13,16,17

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (199) chance - Colgan-Davis
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

collaboration (2)

 25:2;36:22

collaborative (1)

 14:21

collapse (1)

 95:16

colleague (1)

 36:20

colleagues (2)

 69:10;78:25

collective (1)

 70:3

Colleen (4)

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College (9)

 36:4;43:22;145:9,13,

 14;153:23;156:25;

 164:18;168:13

combat (2)

 108:10;163:16

combating (1)

 188:5

combination (1)

 64:18

combined (1)

 131:7

come (30)

 22:22;23:11;35:4;

 36:12;39:18;40:8;

 42:18;48:1;57:15;

 63:14;80:12;87:19;

 99:4;110:15;111:3;

 113:20;114:2;126:4;

 132:2;136:15;145:3;

 146:4,24;168:15,17;

 170:11;171:2;177:23;

 186:14,24

Comella (6)

 116:11;138:1,2,5,6;

 140:17

comes (7)

 40:14;69:2;98:10;

 127:5;136:22;179:22;

 185:7

coming (17)

 27:5;36:6;48:2;52:10;

 63:12;69:11;84:22;

 96:10,10;100:17;102:4;

 109:15;124:7;150:21;

 167:22;173:13;184:10

Commander (1)

 114:1

commencing (1)

 2:6

commend (1)

 26:14

commended (1)

 14:23

comment (2)

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comments (4)

 12:12;77:1;85:6;

 178:19

commissioned (1)

 19:20

commitment (7)

 29:15;60:19;130:7,

 22;131:5;171:21;172:2

committed (2)

 11:19;28:15

committee (1)

 36:3

common (5)

 37:22;89:3;94:12;

 123:25;172:8

commonly (1)

 12:6

commonwealth (3)

 16:9,12;69:25

communal (1)

 155:24

communications (1)

 114:21

Communism (1)

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communities (5)

 67:4;101:1;171:22;

 172:4,9

community (7)

 40:11,20;43:23;

 50:21;89:17;126:17;

 151:5

community-based (1)

 174:2

commute (5)

 98:7;102:24;103:2,

 23;104:25

commuting (3)

 103:19;105:6,19

compact (1)

 144:13

companies (8)

 31:25;32:15;39:1;

 55:9,11;88:15,17;

 110:18

company (3)

 29:13;146:15,22

compare (1)

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compared (1)

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compelled (1)

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compelling (2)

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compete (1)

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competition (2)

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competitiveness (2)

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complete (1)

 110:10

completed (1)

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completely (1)

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complex (1)

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compliance (1)

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complicated (1)

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compliment (1)

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component (1)

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components (1)

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Compounds (1)

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comprehend (1)

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comprehensive (1)

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comprised (1)

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compromise (1)

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concentrating (1)

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concentration (1)

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concern (3)

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concerned (18)

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 72:2,2,4;73:17;89:12;

 96:13;99:5;106:17;

 107:21;118:25;122:2;

 126:5;142:7;170:12;

 173:5

concerns (4)

 24:5;98:18;108:15;

 125:8

concert (1)

 129:3

concerts (1)

 132:22

conclude (1)

 179:15

condition (2)

 42:9;65:20

conditioning (2)

 13:6;44:5

conditions (4)

 37:21;38:4,15;174:4

condone (1)

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conducted (1)

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cones (1)

 22:6

Conference (1)

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confidence (1)

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confidential (1)

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confined (1)

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conflicts (2)

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congratulations (1)

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Congregation (2)

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congregations (1)

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Congress (1)

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congressional (1)

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congressman (2)

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connected (1)

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connecting (1)

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connections (1)

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conscience (1)

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consensus (3)

 40:10,19;126:16

consequences (5)

 85:21;96:24;100:11;

 152:25;156:8

consequent (1)

 59:24

CONSERVATION (3)

 102:13,16;119:18

conservative (1)

 179:5

conserve (1)

 120:2

consider (8)

 49:1;75:23;76:18;

 127:23;128:3;148:4,5;

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considerable (2)

 25:19;48:4

consideration (2)

 20:8;25:1

considering (3)

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consistent (2)

 49:8,14

consistently (1)

 144:1

consolidate (1)

 93:8

constantly (1)

 107:23

construction (1)

 132:9

Consulate (1)

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consultant (1)

 166:4

consulting (1)

 142:3

consume (1)

 34:6

consumed (1)

 185:23

consumer (12)

 19:3;64:21;73:23;

 74:2,6;114:24;115:11;

 122:23;127:21;128:7;

 181:18;185:13

consumers (8)

 17:14;19:16;33:3;

 35:11;51:11;73:20;

 74:17;177:18

consumers' (1)

 179:13

consuming (1)

 131:3

consumption (11)

 12:16;19:3;62:3;

 76:17;130:18;131:9;

 148:9;156:10;157:24;

 185:16;189:1

contemplating (1)

 73:15

context (1)

 148:7

continent (1)

 125:7

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (200) collaboration - continent
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

continental (1)

 111:24

continents (1)

 54:8

continual (1)

 91:19

continuation (1)

 13:21

continue (17)

 14:24;20:4;24:9;

 98:14;115:10,24;122:8,

 9;125:10,15;126:10;

 129:4;148:4;155:16;

 158:4;170:24;184:23

continued (2)

 113:16;116:2

continues (2)

 23:22;134:12

continuing (4)

 16:7;115:18;126:13;

 145:15

contrary (1)

 167:14

contribute (3)

 21:12;38:24;172:14

contributed (1)

 48:15

contributes (3)

 133:14;157:16;165:9

contributing (3)

 11:5;114:11;126:18

contributions (1)

 146:20

control (12)

 8:19,25;9:2;21:11;

 43:13,14;126:15;

 127:10;182:8,15,16;

 188:22

conversation (1)

 126:19

convert (1)

 102:20

conviction (1)

 113:25

convince (1)

 115:21

convinced (1)

 160:23

convincing (3)

 36:11;47:7;114:9

Cooke (4)

 20:11,13,16;21:4

cooling (1)

 141:3

cooperative (1)

 9:7

co-ops (1)

 151:11

coordinate (1)

 36:24

coordinated (1)

 49:8

COORDINATOR (2)

 30:12,15

copies (2)

 23:18;116:24

copy (1)

 111:22

cords (1)

 144:23

core (1)

 154:14

corn (1)

 157:17

corner (3)

 63:25;66:17;172:2

corny (1)

 86:9

Corporate (4)

 8:17;56:8;64:23;

 126:9

corporate-funded (1)

 61:22

Corporation (1)

 18:5

corporations (3)

 48:12;49:14;186:4

Corps (1)

 171:18

correct (3)

 42:16;126:24;142:23

Corridor (1)

 16:7

cost (33)

 19:11,16;28:25;

 31:11;32:17;39:2;56:6;

 70:9;73:23;74:3;91:18,

 18;98:5;103:1;104:23;

 105:1,3;110:12,20,22;

 120:5,6;121:4;122:16,

 17;127:16;128:1;134:6;

 142:11;151:8;159:25;

 164:20;173:19

costing (1)

 34:10

costly (1)

 97:16

costs (21)

 19:3;25:17,20;28:8;

 32:13,18;71:12;91:13;

 103:8,15;105:6,22;

 115:11;120:20;122:22;

 126:11;130:19;141:10;

 164:19;185:14;191:5

cough (1)

 37:24

could (43)

 13:15;18:23;19:2;

 38:6;42:1;43:1,6;44:18;

 52:5;54:19,20;58:17,19,

 20;62:1,4,9;64:14;66:1,

 3;83:20,22;95:19;

 96:11;98:8;105:9;

 109:4;124:3;134:17,23;

 139:10;140:3,4;144:3;

 149:4;153:1;157:18;

 158:5;167:1;174:9;

 187:13,18;189:1

couldn't (7)

 65:6,14;66:10;80:12;

 87:21;107:15;137:1

Council (5)

 9:10;27:2,7,22;

 130:16

count (1)

 93:21

counties (1)

 151:24

counting (1)

 94:14

countless (1)

 190:4

countries (17)

 14:2;37:19;51:12;

 60:8;73:5,6;88:14;

 98:11,14;100:23,25;

 101:24,25;121:2;133:9;

 142:17;188:13

country (35)

 19:24;28:21;37:18;

 45:16;46:9;50:25;

 84:25;89:25;101:9;

 112:6,10,25;115:18;

 116:1;121:25;129:3,9;

 131:5;136:9,17;137:10;

 152:21;155:1;160:2,6;

 161:6;170:14;171:22;

 172:9;176:22;185:24;

 188:8;189:23;190:6;

 191:2

country's (4)

 30:24;50:22;60:4;

 114:24

countryside (2)

 106:19;107:3

county (6)

 36:19;41:23;135:23;

 163:15;170:9;174:1

couple (3)

 86:18;105:15;136:2

coupled (2)

 61:17;62:2

couples (1)

 103:19

courage (1)

 123:2

course (13)

 23:17;26:9;66:19;

 71:11;80:22;105:11;

 106:3;122:14;159:21;

 168:21,23;173:6;178:9

courses (1)

 168:18

Court (3)

 2:9,10;150:7

covered (3)

 64:8;75:16;95:6

cowering (1)

 136:18

crazy (1)

 169:9

cream (1)

 22:6

create (10)

 46:4;48:13;49:12;

 71:8;73:17;74:7;

 126:12;148:17;185:16;

 191:4

created (6)

 21:20;70:22;73:22;

 92:17;93:8;129:1

creating (3)

 49:18;77:21;101:6

creation (10)

 40:3;50:1,7,14;51:20;

 55:6;93:15;101:11;

 154:10,17

creativity (3)

 71:3,9;151:19

Creator (1)

 154:9

creators (1)

 31:2

creature (3)

 75:23;90:22;93:17

credits (2)

 125:12;146:18

crisis (8)

 40:6;81:11;139:14;

 140:18,18,20;151:19;

 152:17

criteria (3)

 9:17,22;83:10

critical (4)

 15:17;25:9;142:15;

 176:9

critically (1)

 41:25

Croix (1)

 132:20

crops (1)

 86:24

croquet (1)

 22:11

crossovers (1)

 97:25

crowded (1)

 120:12

Crowne (1)

 2:5

cruise (1)

 107:7

crust (1)

 54:14

cue (1)

 43:20

cultural (2)

 119:17;166:22

culture (2)

 89:25;145:20

curb (1)

 142:13

curbing (1)

 35:4

curiosity (1)

 113:3

currency (1)

 167:21

current (8)

 26:18;39:4;50:24;

 97:21;102:18;112:16;

 129:12;177:17

currently (5)

 15:2;127:17;138:12;

 157:3;171:16

curtail (1)

 48:11

curtailing (1)

 120:13

curtails (1)

 48:24

curve (1)

 159:21

curvy (1)

 107:7

customer (1)

 29:13

cut (18)

 32:12;45:19;74:5,12;

 110:22;124:23;130:16;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (201) continental - cut
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 148:9;156:10;157:5;

 163:18,21,23;165:2;

 182:16;185:16;188:1;

 189:1

cute (1)

 137:4

cutting (4)

 34:15;35:5;152:20;

 175:22

cynicism (1)

 191:19

D

dad (2)

 65:16,21

damage (7)

 10:24;42:25;67:16;

 81:5;127:10;128:4;

 152:20

damaging (1)

 106:6

danger (1)

 173:12

dangerous (5)

 60:4;68:4;165:9,11;

 188:14

dangers (2)

 17:25;48:3

Data (5)

 10:8;36:16;68:6;85:2;

 100:1

daughter (3)

 155:9;171:16;182:7

daughters (4)

 52:15,22;53:8;138:23

David (3)

 116:11;125:21,24

Davidson (1)

 144:24

day (40)

 22:25;34:7,10;41:8;

 42:6;47:14,25;54:14;

 55:12;59:17;60:15;

 67:4;69:2,5;73:6;74:15;

 77:11;84:9;98:7;103:6,

 7,10,13,16,25;104:2,3;

 110:20;111:19;133:3;

 143:2,13;145:19,24;

 171:25;175:18,19;

 182:20;185:17;186:18

days (5)

 9:24;37:15;66:2;

 104:25;158:25

DC (3)

 69:9;113:21;130:14

deadline (2)

 141:14,15

deal (1)

 85:20

dealerships (1)

 55:24

dealing (1)

 152:25

dealt (1)

 13:25

dear (1)

 136:20

death (2)

 13:20;43:7

debatable (2)

 54:1;67:18

debate (3)

 81:22;126:13;143:25

Debbie (1)

 189:15

DEBORAH (1)

 189:13

debt (1)

 60:11

decade (3)

 43:16;64:11;187:3

decades (7)

 45:9;61:13;62:14,19;

 117:11;132:2;142:15

December (1)

 93:7

decide (2)

 41:10;42:19

decided (2)

 146:23;168:12

decision (8)

 34:13;43:8;53:16;

 56:19;99:2;129:8;

 133:21;156:9

decisions (6)

 20:19;44:11;129:25;

 134:12;135:4;155:21

decline (1)

 88:25

decrease (4)

 18:10;78:16;142:12;

 174:14

decreases (1)

 13:19

decreasing (2)

 79:12,19

dedication (2)

 112:18;113:1

deep (2)

 15:24;181:12

deeply (3)

 50:21;167:4;173:5

defect (1)

 42:17

defend (3)

 18:3;136:11,17

defending (1)

 18:6

defense (1)

 45:3

deficient (1)

 36:16

definitely (2)

 46:6;109:7

deforestation (1)

 128:2

deGrasse (1)

 114:12

degree (2)

 112:4;148:2

degrees (1)

 145:15

Delaware (3)

 41:22;95:10;170:9

Delaware-based (1)

 95:3

deliberations (1)

 154:3

delighted (1)

 71:6

deliver (1)

 12:19

DeLorean (1)

 116:5

demand (7)

 55:3,25;77:24;93:14;

 152:13;167:24;177:9

demanding (3)

 177:18,18;178:19

demands (1)

 18:17

Democrat (1)

 178:14

Democrats (1)

 178:13

demonstrated (1)

 31:21

demonstrates (1)

 71:8

demonstrating (1)

 37:19

denial (2)

 92:14;126:10

densely (1)

 176:22

Department (4)

 8:10;17:6;59:13;

 110:8

depend (3)

 70:9;134:21;148:18

depended (1)

 65:7

dependence (26)

 13:24;14:2;17:16;

 18:1,11;19:19,22;20:1;

 26:7,8;60:1,5,21,24;

 73:4;79:13,19;124:23;

 138:22;142:17;163:19;

 165:10;171:5;173:12;

 174:14;181:16

dependency (2)

 108:1;155:7

dependent (1)

 87:2

depending (3)

 16:13;56:18,20

depends (3)

 72:19,20,20

depletion (2)

 81:4;98:23

deployment (2)

 18:19,25

depreciation (2)

 104:11,12

derail (1)

 169:6

described (1)

 31:18

describing (1)

 150:21

description (1)

 179:4

descriptions (1)

 21:23

designed (3)

 18:11;134:20;157:11

designing (1)

 25:3

desperation (1)

 118:7

Despite (2)

 113:23;145:13

destroy (1)

 45:25

destroyed (1)

 190:4

destruction (1)

 92:21

destructive (2)

 21:11;188:24

details (1)

 89:22

deterioration (1)

 38:14

determined (1)

 90:15

determining (1)

 11:5

detrimental (1)

 180:3

Detroit (4)

 20:24;138:7;139:18;

 149:15

devastating (2)

 60:10;134:18

develop (2)

 17:17;37:23

developed (1)

 121:2

developing (6)

 39:3;101:25;106:2;

 151:5,10,11

development (7)

 13:2;16:8;17:18;

 18:12,15,18;73:18

devote (1)

 51:4

devoted (1)

 121:1

devotion (1)

 188:18

diabetes (3)

 38:11;92:3,4

diagnosed (1)

 166:15

dialogue (1)

 126:15

diameter (1)

 181:5

Diane (3)

 116:13;141:21,24

dictators (1)

 167:9

did (16)

 47:14;55:17,17;

 63:10;82:2,3;83:19;

 84:17;91:17;95:14;

 99:4;119:7;141:6,8;

 184:5,6

didn't (13)

 55:15,18;68:15;

 87:15,17;95:16;106:21;

 113:9;143:22;158:19;

 168:23;181:23;182:14

die (1)

 177:7

died (3)

 65:9;92:2,3

Diesel (5)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (202) cute - Diesel
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 11:4,7,8,9,16

diesel- (1)

 92:20

diesel-powered (1)

 11:12

diet (1)

 67:21

Difference (11)

 11:9,16;16:3;83:20;

 84:4,17;104:21;125:4;

 146:4;156:2;159:2

different (6)

 23:12;40:5;131:6;

 145:8;177:1,15

difficult (4)

 61:25;99:2;185:5;

 187:11

difficulty (1)

 64:22

digress (1)

 57:13

diminish (1)

 155:18

diminishing (2)

 72:17;119:21

dinner (1)

 143:1

dioxide (2)

 133:14;138:19

direct (2)

 25:20;103:7

directed (2)

 9:1;45:13

direction (5)

 15:23;118:11;124:21;

 128:15;149:20

directly (7)

 68:5,17;81:14;89:18;

 103:24;131:15;188:12

DIRECTOR (8)

 8:6,9;50:6;73:9;

 106:4;153:24;175:3,6

disagree (1)

 126:25

disagreements (1)

 81:10

disappointing (1)

 129:17

disappointment (1)

 101:24

disaster (2)

 49:9,16

disclosure (1)

 138:10

discourage (1)

 97:23

discouraged (1)

 83:18

discourse (1)

 48:7

discuss (1)

 98:8

discussion (3)

 47:4;160:12;186:15

disdain (1)

 45:5

disease (3)

 38:10;65:9;68:16

diseases (7)

 37:21;59:19,23;

 68:14;134:22;182:17;

 191:6

dishonor (1)

 154:9

disincentive (1)

 121:5

display (3)

 47:19;171:20;172:4

disposed (1)

 26:13

disregard (1)

 134:1

disrepair (1)

 136:25

distance (3)

 105:1;121:5;187:13

distinction (1)

 16:1

disuse (1)

 166:25

diverse (1)

 11:10

dividends (1)

 26:3

division (1)

 8:11

dizziness (2)

 42:13;44:3

do (109)

 21:4,7,9,9;24:6,8,9;

 26:16;27:20;31:4,25;

 32:1;41:9;42:7;45:2,7;

 48:23;53:21;54:23,24;

 56:9,20;57:19,25;62:15;

 66:12,17;68:21;69:9;

 73:24;82:13;84:7;

 85:21;86:13,13;87:24;

 89:5,25;96:24;98:6,15,

 16,22;100:8;102:5;

 107:15;110:5,6;115:20;

 120:2;122:16,20;

 125:11;126:21;129:14,

 15;132:17,21;136:5,5,7;

 137:5,5,6,12,15;140:4;

 141:2;142:17;144:9;

 146:13,23,24;147:12,

 14,15;151:21;152:21;

 155:23;156:13,13;

 157:21;158:15;160:6,

 24;161:16;164:1;166:9,

 14,19;167:4;168:4,7;

 169:14,17;174:18,21;

 176:2;181:13;183:11,

 12;184:2;185:6;186:16;

 187:11,20;188:7;

 189:23,23

doable (2)

 27:18;185:22

docket (1)

 52:6

doctor (1)

 43:2

doctors (1)

 43:5

documentary (1)

 92:9

does (12)

 66:20;84:15;85:21;

 93:21;99:22;127:23;

 128:1,3;152:22;167:16;

 179:11;182:7

doesn't (7)

 85:21;98:6;106:20;

 143:2;144:17;167:2;

 179:16

dog (1)

 109:5

dogs (6)

 23:5,6,6,6,6,9

doing (24)

 12:25;27:25;32:17;

 58:10;76:4;78:1;84:6;

 85:2;90:16;91:6;95:18;

 114:8;117:2;131:7;

 137:10;141:13;151:24;

 152:16;153:4;157:4;

 173:21,22;187:23;189:8

dollars (11)

 18:6;60:7;71:12;73:6;

 74:14;98:14;112:9;

 115:3,16;173:19;188:21

domestic (4)

 13:8;60:13;142:15,21

domestically (1)

 51:12

Don (3)

 68:13;183:2,5

done (15)

 55:11;62:19;68:20;

 82:20;83:2;91:22;93:2;

 108:14;122:18;140:11;

 144:3,3;152:13;157:8;

 162:7

Donna (3)

 59:2,4,8

don't (55)

 24:2;28:14;33:19;

 41:2;42:10;44:8;51:13;

 62:16,16;65:4;66:16;

 69:19;73:20;75:18;

 78:3,6,10;80:15;81:23;

 83:3;84:2,10,11,16,18;

 93:4;97:20;98:20;

 99:18;100:18;103:20;

 104:21;107:13;108:4,

 11;120:24;135:17;

 137:17;139:6;151:1;

 153:5;154:7;160:17,19;

 165:1;166:11;173:14,

 16,19,23;176:1;180:24;

 181:13;185:4;187:2

door (4)

 63:25;64:5;66:18;

 168:17

doorbell (1)

 90:6

DOT (2)

 19:5,9

double (2)

 17:11;118:2

double-commuting (1)

 105:15

doubt (1)

 26:2

DOUG (2)

 175:1,5

DOUGLAS (2)

 116:16,20

Dowell (6)

 30:8,11,14,15;52:3,7

down (24)

 26:4;45:22;63:25;

 66:17;97:20;107:7;

 112:24;118:14;132:24;

 136:1;139:7;140:10;

 141:6;151:3;155:22;

 157:5;165:2;168:16;

 177:20;179:19;182:16;

 184:1;187:7;188:3

downstream (1)

 76:23

Downtown (1)

 2:5

dozens (1)

 141:16

Dr (6)

 35:19,24;53:5;67:15;

 68:13;114:12

draft (1)

 112:19

drag (1)

 187:8

dramatic (2)

 43:16;110:24

dramatically (5)

 43:4;47:18;49:19;

 101:20;166:7

drastic (1)

 92:16

drastically (1)

 129:14

dream (3)

 116:1;145:3;168:18

drilling (1)

 55:4

drink (1)

 123:17

drip (1)

 54:13

drive (21)

 27:14;34:5;73:11,12;

 95:22;99:18;103:21;

 104:9;105:3,20,23;

 107:2,3;120:18;136:6;

 144:5,13;157:3;160:25,

 25;184:1

driven (1)

 190:21

driver (1)

 119:20

drivers (3)

 91:14;98:6;107:24

drives (5)

 38:21;89:13;103:12;

 121:3;172:1

driving (11)

 77:19;99:22;103:1,7;

 104:19,23;107:6,16;

 119:22;121:5;160:3

drop (2)

 94:4,7

drought (2)

 100:7;128:10

drove (6)

 103:8;119:9;140:9;

 177:10;183:16,17

drums (1)

 60:15

dry (2)

 158:24;166:25

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (203) diesel- - dry
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

dual-commuting (1)

 103:12

dubious (1)

 15:25

due (5)

 10:19;11:2;115:8;

 127:25;128:2

dues-paying (1)

 57:8

Durban (1)

 101:23

during (6)

 19:7;65:14;70:23;

 75:17;100:9;162:4

duty (2)

 146:13;191:12

dwell (1)

 100:1

dwindle (1)

 167:23

E

each (23)

 22:18,20;29:1;52:9;

 57:14;67:4;91:20;94:5;

 103:3;104:25;105:1,3,5;

 112:7;116:7;127:24;

 144:7,11;146:3;151:6,6;

 168:7;187:13

earlier (2)

 149:11;182:10

early (4)

 13:14;57:14;110:17;

 175:15

earned (1)

 112:4

earth (21)

 20:20;21:13;24:10;

 75:24;83:6;90:22;

 123:20;136:13;143:7;

 145:19,24;153:25;

 154:6;155:5,15;164:2;

 173:18,22;180:25;

 181:5;191:17

earthquakes (1)

 139:3

easier (2)

 127:7;152:23

easily (6)

 14:21;71:4;133:22;

 139:10;144:3;181:6

East (4)

 63:20;133:6;137:9;

 167:7

eastern (2)

 58:4;60:7

easy (3)

 25:18;139:22;152:12

eat (2)

 113:9;136:5

ecological (2)

 92:24;151:18

economic (29)

 12:19;17:14;25:15,

 17;30:21,24;33:5;39:4;

 40:22,24;48:15;49:10;

 72:9,19;73:16;77:23;

 81:11;82:7,9;96:18;

 99:6;128:14;151:18;

 154:15;173:11;186:25;

 187:20;191:1,4

economical (1)

 97:23

economically (4)

 60:10;88:7;121:24;

 151:7

economics (1)

 127:19

economies (1)

 96:21

economist (1)

 126:3

ECONOMY (49)

 2:3;8:17;12:8,22;

 13:18;15:3;17:9,21,23;

 18:1;19:19,25;25:10,14;

 31:3;32:9;33:1,7,9;35:8,

 13;38:21,25;40:18;

 45:25;49:7;55:7;60:13;

 68:22;73:3;74:15;78:5;

 81:2;98:1;104:20;

 108:16;109:3,9;122:24;

 147:23;148:15;151:16;

 152:16;161:23;171:5;

 174:13;179:25;180:2;

 187:8

ecosystems (1)

 122:19

ectopic (2)

 42:9,9

edited (1)

 116:23

educate (1)

 34:12

education (6)

 45:4;112:14;130:1,7;

 135:22;168:25

educational (1)

 132:22

effect (8)

 41:7;60:3;89:9;97:4;

 117:20;138:20;146:5;

 161:25

effective (2)

 105:21;118:9

effects (18)

 8:22;25:17,21,23;

 47:17;59:16;78:5;

 97:13;111:1;117:4;

 155:19,25;171:7,10;

 188:6;190:2;191:6,13

efficiency (67)

 9:8;15:21;17:12;19:8,

 13;20:5;27:23;28:16;

 29:22;31:5,17;32:4,20,

 23;34:2;35:15;39:5,25;

 45:12,14;48:6;51:5;

 54:18;55:15,21;59:11;

 60:22;62:2;78:21,24;

 79:5;82:24;88:6,16,18;

 99:25;102:18;106:23;

 107:19;108:9;110:4,24;

 111:1;120:4;121:9;

 124:20;126:1;129:13;

 130:8,23;132:15;

 138:14;139:14,21;

 140:13;147:18;164:21;

 166:8,18;167:2;170:25;

 171:12;172:6;177:19;

 184:20;186:21;188:1

efficient (20)

 12:18;13:3;26:10;

 35:7;38:18;51:6;61:6,

 19;70:4;91:7;115:13,

 14;120:7;122:11;

 126:23;131:24;132:5;

 142:11;170:16,18

effort (5)

 49:8;52:11;108:10;

 110:10;115:20

efforts (14)

 14:22;26:17;31:6;

 34:12,17;35:15;37:13;

 62:21;78:18;96:19;

 97:12;112:16;125:5;

 142:20

eh (1)

 69:17

eight (7)

 53:9;77:13;104:4,6;

 110:3;140:11;176:20

eighth (1)

 86:5

Eighty (2)

 103:16;104:1

either (6)

 29:16;108:22;113:2;

 115:4;179:5;188:4

el (3)

 57:21,22;67:5

elect (1)

 167:11

elected (5)

 27:12,21;34:20;

 135:6;160:10

election (4)

 131:11,13,14,18

elections (1)

 136:20

electric (10)

 18:12;19:1;76:19;

 108:17,22;127:20;

 136:7;145:1;170:20;

 177:25

electrical (1)

 43:3

electrician (1)

 156:23

electricity (2)

 127:18;130:17

electrics (1)

 109:1

element (1)

 25:15

elementary (1)

 42:5

elevated (1)

 57:22

elevation (1)

 37:15

elicit (1)

 151:20

elimination (1)

 54:24

ELIZABETH (2)

 153:16,19

eloquently (1)

 95:7

else (4)

 29:17;99:17;152:21;

 182:14

e-mail (1)

 43:24

embargoes (1)

 14:1

Embassy (2)

 130:14,20

emergency (6)

 28:19,20,25;29:23;

 36:24;116:22

Emily (2)

 53:9,9

emission (11)

 10:15,16;11:3,4,6,7;

 17:10;47:22;117:15;

 133:16;134:6

EMISSIONS (35)

 2:2;8:16;9:18,18;

 10:11,12,19;16:4;24:8;

 25:23;40:14;68:23;

 69:3;76:22;89:19;

 91:21;92:18;97:4,10;

 98:21;101:17,21;

 117:13,19;128:8;135:1,

 2;139:6;148:20;155:20;

 157:21;159:5;163:24;

 171:4;177:22

emit (1)

 37:24

emitter (1)

 100:16

emitters (1)

 133:14

emotional (1)

 136:3

emphysema (2)

 38:9;92:1

employ (1)

 27:12

employees (2)

 30:20;132:12

employers (1)

 32:16

employment (2)

 145:11,15

empty (1)

 161:4

enable (1)

 50:25

enact (1)

 146:1

enacted (1)

 17:13

enacting (1)

 16:17

encounter (1)

 47:15

encourage (5)

 62:3;115:13;135:24;

 143:7;151:21

encouraged (2)

 112:23;135:19

encourages (1)

 14:25

encouraging (1)

 130:1

end (8)

 26:8;35:10;47:25;

 60:18;64:1;113:13;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (204) dual-commuting - end
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 118:14;143:15

ended (1)

 95:18

ending (1)

 157:23

endorse (2)

 117:1;118:11

endorsement (1)

 39:18

ends (1)

 128:3

energy (47)

 9:8;12:2,10;16:24;

 17:3;27:23;28:3,8,9,16;

 32:23;39:2,5;50:22,24;

 88:6;110:9;112:16;

 113:12,24;114:25;

 115:1;119:1;120:2;

 126:6;130:8,23;131:2,9;

 132:5;138:14;139:13;

 143:19,22;151:10;

 155:9;170:19;172:6;

 181:12,15,16,18,19;

 182:2,15;191:9,9

energy-saving (2)

 130:25;131:6

enforce (1)

 97:2

enforcement (3)

 93:10,15;121:11

enforcing (1)

 94:15

engaged (1)

 146:16

engine (1)

 91:4

engineer (5)

 95:12;126:5;143:4;

 170:10;180:19

engineers (2)

 71:4,10

engines (2)

 11:12;91:7

enhance (3)

 12:7;18:17;19:14

enhanced (1)

 26:18

enhancing (1)

 48:10

enjoy (8)

 21:16;23:13,15;

 58:17,18;93:6;119:17;

 123:18

enjoying (2)

 22:6;124:1

enormous (1)

 130:6

enough (18)

 10:1;31:25;58:13;

 62:14;67:11;68:24;

 70:24;71:1;97:22;

 100:14;118:8;145:18;

 156:7;158:21;164:22;

 168:6;169:16;176:12

ensure (6)

 19:11;20:20;93:10;

 123:19;125:6;130:21

enter (1)

 126:13

Enterprise (1)

 12:11

enthusiastic (1)

 115:22

entire (4)

 45:22;94:8;110:19;

 133:18

entirely (1)

 26:8

entrepreneur (1)

 27:11

entrepreneurs (2)

 31:8;32:11

entrepreneurs' (1)

 33:1

entrust (1)

 99:2

environment (40)

 12:8,11;35:8;40:16;

 53:12,15;57:9;59:9;

 67:24;74:21;77:22;

 81:1;82:17,20;83:15;

 90:21;93:13;107:17;

 115:4;121:25;122:24;

 127:11;129:9;131:8;

 141:22;142:6;145:22,

 22;147:22;148:16;

 154:19,20;158:21;

 160:17,18;171:4;

 172:16;175:2,6;176:3

Environmental (45)

 9:11;12:20;14:9;

 16:13;17:6;24:4;25:23;

 26:3;40:6,21,23;45:2;

 46:25;54:15;56:14;

 59:15;65:4;68:17;

 72:10;74:20;75:13;

 80:19;81:6;82:7,10;

 93:10;95:4,11;102:1;

 106:2,4;112:19;123:19;

 124:16;130:9;140:25;

 143:4;158:15;162:25;

 163:9,11;170:10;

 171:23;185:19;186:25

environmentalism (1)

 136:11

environmentalists (2)

 178:3,5

environmentally (4)

 86:22;142:8;146:16;

 187:22

envisions (1)

 25:8

envy (1)

 115:20

EPA (49)

 2:14;8:12;9:15;10:2;

 12:24;14:22,25;19:5;

 24:23;26:15;33:25;

 36:17;39:23;44:14,24;

 45:1,5,13;48:4;54:17;

 56:14,20;59:13;62:8;

 63:13,15;68:1,5;73:21;

 78:17;79:7,11;83:24;

 85:21;90:16;93:7,11,14;

 94:13;102:2;115:9;

 130:2;132:14;133:6;

 143:2;147:17;149:19;

 160:13;178:9

EPA/NHTSA (2)

 2:2,8

EPA's (2)

 10:7;45:24

equal (1)

 13:16

equaling (1)

 76:21

equality (1)

 112:15

equally (1)

 31:21

equals (2)

 29:22;104:14

equip (1)

 33:4

equivalent (11)

 17:10;45:21;55:2;

 74:5;103:11,17;104:6;

 105:12;148:11;156:11;

 179:19

ERICA (3)

 30:11,15;52:3

especially (13)

 23:5;100:25;101:24;

 119:23;120:11;129:6;

 137:13;138:17;149:1;

 151:25;173:9;180:4;

 190:14

essential (4)

 16:10;104:4;163:4,8

Essentially (2)

 55:21;105:12

establish (1)

 145:11

established (2)

 16:11;21:17

esteem (1)

 53:14

estimate (3)

 102:25;103:2;179:5

estimated (4)

 55:6;61:2;127:24;

 185:11

estimates (3)

 18:5;73:21,21

estimation (1)

 104:14

eternal (1)

 114:19

ethanol (4)

 157:14,15,16,18

ethical (2)

 154:2;186:1

Europe (7)

 133:2;137:8;151:25;

 152:2,7;159:10,25

European (2)

 129:6,16

even (32)

 28:21;29:14;32:5;

 38:13;41:2;54:12;56:1;

 57:24;61:16;62:10;

 66:14;81:19;91:5;

 97:25;103:9,20;107:20;

 108:11;124:7,15;127:2;

 141:13;145:2,9;146:22;

 159:14;165:6;169:2,19;

 170:6;171:10;179:20

evening (17)

 24:15,21;30:14;59:2;

 90:12;99:14;111:16;

 116:18;123:10;128:23;

 153:10;156:21;164:13;

 166:2;182:20;183:5;

 186:11

event (1)

 139:11

events (4)

 20:7;119:17;171:8;

 173:9

eventually (5)

 37:23;60:20;68:10,

 24;157:23

ever (8)

 26:8;66:5;83:20;

 86:19;113:5;163:15;

 169:20;176:10

every (32)

 14:20;19:24;28:18;

 29:1;34:7,10;37:1;40:7;

 41:7;42:6;54:14;59:17;

 60:8,15;74:15;75:23;

 77:10;83:25;86:19;

 90:22;91:1,24;93:17;

 98:7;103:9;104:18;

 123:16;134:19;146:22;

 151:4;157:18;171:19

everybody (10)

 41:21;53:5;54:21;

 85:23;99:17;111:22;

 139:22;145:21;149:8,23

everyday (1)

 108:11

Everyone (12)

 33:19;79:1;80:21,21;

 82:8;83:7,21;84:15;

 92:12;125:16;150:4;

 161:11

everyone's (2)

 25:21;144:5

everything (10)

 21:9;68:19,21;81:2;

 82:1;83:17,25;84:7;

 90:23;95:6

everywhere (7)

 33:6;58:5;107:15;

 123:22;159:14;161:10;

 171:7

evidence (4)

 47:8;53:25;75:1;

 150:1

evidently (1)

 48:18

exacerbate (1)

 10:24

exact (1)

 84:14

exactly (4)

 49:3;79:4;94:9;95:22

example (15)

 64:1;68:16;113:3;

 115:24;127:11,17;

 130:12,13,14;131:4;

 132:10,17,19;186:2;

 190:3

examples (2)

 128:11;190:4

exceed (1)

 10:6

exceedingly (1)

 165:15

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (205) ended - exceedingly
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

excellent (6)

 54:12;120:15;164:23;

 168:13,25;169:3

except (2)

 77:11;159:14

exception (1)

 9:23

exceptions (1)

 49:12

exchange (1)

 127:22

exciting (1)

 113:5

excuse (2)

 54:4;69:15

executive (2)

 36:3;50:6

exercise (1)

 79:3

exhaust (1)

 16:3

exile (1)

 124:8

existence (1)

 83:12

exists (4)

 44:24;54:20;117:22;

 180:21

exorbitant (1)

 109:3

expect (2)

 14:14;158:18

expectancy (2)

 11:1;166:16

expected (1)

 148:17

expedient (1)

 190:22

expenditure (1)

 97:20

expense (3)

 119:20;133:23;187:4

expenses (2)

 14:12;105:6

expensive (4)

 28:23;103:22;127:9;

 179:10

experience (8)

 38:17;47:7,14,20;

 78:4;81:12;185:4;187:5

experienced (1)

 155:6

experiences (3)

 47:2,11;85:25

expert (6)

 126:3;143:3,4;159:3;

 185:3;187:2

expertise (2)

 98:19;154:24

experts (3)

 18:23;99:1;127:3

explain (2)

 32:18;43:5

explaining (2)

 100:6;158:16

explore (1)

 157:20

explored (1)

 151:23

explosion (1)

 181:7

exportable (1)

 73:19

exports (1)

 18:17

Exposure (3)

 10:23;38:13;64:14

express (2)

 72:6;98:18

expressing (1)

 191:23

expulsion (1)

 92:20

extending (1)

 130:7

extension (1)

 14:10

external (1)

 127:16

externalities (3)

 26:3;127:23;128:13

extra (2)

 49:18;105:9

extracted (1)

 108:2

extracurriculars (1)

 168:19

extreme (3)

 77:11;100:6;128:10

extremely (2)

 83:10,11

eyes (3)

 54:14;75:4;111:7

F

fabulous (1)

 57:14

face (4)

 74:23,23;78:15;79:24

faces (2)

 64:5;152:17

facing (3)

 22:17;49:3;145:8

fact (13)

 32:21;40:12;54:1;

 85:18;86:7;90:13;

 102:2;119:4;131:12;

 148:8;158:16,19;179:3

factor (2)

 11:5;114:12

factors (1)

 112:14

facts (8)

 86:1;92:13;99:24;

 103:24;129:10;143:3;

 178:18;185:9

failed (2)

 55:20;127:1

failure (2)

 100:11;113:23

fair (3)

 60:11;62:16;143:12

fairy (2)

 143:12;145:3

faith (10)

 50:21;71:14,14;

 93:19;117:2;154:2,4,10,

 22;155:17

faith-based (1)

 54:2

faithful (1)

 40:22

faiths (1)

 118:5

fall (3)

 22:25;169:2,20

falling (1)

 112:13

Fallon (1)

 2:10

fallout (1)

 173:11

fame (1)

 158:14

familiar (1)

 132:23

families (9)

 14:11;20:6;22:24;

 23:10,11,14;36:25;

 91:17;191:2

family (27)

 29:15;37:11;46:9;

 61:4;65:9;68:24;78:24;

 80:16,17;81:13;90:24;

 112:5;115:16;116:22;

 122:22;143:1,17;

 144:10;148:25;154:8,

 18;158:18;163:22;

 168:21;170:15;180:22;

 187:19

family's (1)

 187:7

famine (1)

 128:10

famous (1)

 23:18

fancy (1)

 144:14

far (6)

 43:21;67:4;83:22;

 118:14;127:2,7

Farally (7)

 85:10;111:9,9,10,12,

 15,16

farmers (2)

 100:18,24

fascinating (1)

 68:2

fast (1)

 152:20

faster (1)

 82:18

father (10)

 22:13,19;72:2;92:1;

 100:3;110:2;126:4;

 155:8;170:12;184:16

fathers (1)

 183:23

favor (2)

 92:22;126:1

favorably (1)

 26:12

favorites (1)

 96:16

fear (2)

 78:7;184:24

fears (1)

 48:10

fed (1)

 157:18

federal (18)

 8:25;17:20;19:13;

 26:18;32:1;53:17;93:9;

 119:25;131:25;133:19;

 135:3;143:19;146:1,2,5;

 156:3,4;172:5

feed (1)

 34:9

feedback (1)

 75:5

feel (18)

 46:5;47:2;62:13;

 74:25;80:21;81:18;

 82:8;101:3;107:7;

 108:5,7;136:7,10;137:9,

 20;148:3;185:21;

 190:19

feeling (2)

 43:24;44:3

fees (1)

 98:2

fell (2)

 146:12;168:23

Felley (4)

 15:5,8,11,12

fellow (1)

 70:14

fellowship (1)

 171:19

felt (4)

 47:7;83:21;124:8;

 137:15

few (17)

 21:23,24;27:19;

 38:16;44:2,6;48:14;

 49:18;54:3;61:8,9;92:6;

 112:9;115:16;118:23;

 119:13;159:15

fewer (1)

 165:7

field (9)

 45:4;89:2,4;106:4;

 126:6;145:10;175:3,6;

 185:3

fieldwork (1)

 47:25

fifth (2)

 41:5;53:10

fight (2)

 87:20;181:19

fighting (1)

 167:22

fights (1)

 100:7

figure (1)

 161:12

figures (2)

 99:24;110:16

figuring (1)

 161:10

fill (1)

 187:14

filled (2)

 23:23;159:13

filling (2)

 155:12;187:3

fills (1)

 128:7

film (1)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (206) excellent - film
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 92:11

filter (1)

 47:24

final (4)

 35:16;125:11;180:10,

 10

finalize (1)

 15:1

finalized (1)

 13:1

Finally (8)

 26:5;56:7;69:4;89:13;

 101:5;111:8;112:3;

 143:16

financed (1)

 103:22

finances (1)

 187:7

financial (3)

 70:11;185:7;186:3

financially (1)

 142:7

find (5)

 57:21;95:13,23;

 105:5;182:1

finding (1)

 136:17

finds (2)

 97:16;148:23

fine (3)

 9:23,25;65:22

finish (1)

 134:14

finished (1)

 68:6

Finishing (1)

 134:10

finite (2)

 71:10;72:17

Finland (5)

 128:25;130:5,10;

 131:10,16

Finnish (2)

 130:14,23

Finns (1)

 131:20

firm (1)

 135:25

first (24)

 13:25;17:23;22:24;

 50:18;52:14;62:7;

 63:11;64:17;75:18;

 107:1;113:1;117:4;

 129:11;136:22;139:12,

 14;142:4;145:18;

 148:17;157:11;159:9;

 161:24;173:2;176:23

firsts (1)

 75:18

fiscal (1)

 106:5

fish (1)

 128:4

five (9)

 10:8;38:19;75:12;

 98:11;109:4;110:3;

 139:8;142:1;184:3

five-hour (1)

 105:20

five-year (2)

 19:10;141:14

five-year-old (2)

 99:20;100:3

five-years-olds (1)

 174:1

fix (2)

 83:1;173:21

flares (1)

 54:9

flecks (1)

 64:8

fleet (2)

 18:13;132:11

fleet-wide (1)

 17:8

flew (1)

 177:3

flexibilities (1)

 125:12

flexibility (1)

 25:7

flied (1)

 90:25

float (1)

 23:25

floods (2)

 54:7;100:6

flourish (2)

 55:17;134:24

flow (1)

 98:14

flower (2)

 57:14;145:20

flying (1)

 116:5

focus (1)

 24:9

focused (2)

 159:7;190:18

fold (1)

 186:24

folks (2)

 176:17;180:23

follow (2)

 83:24;116:25

followed (1)

 117:16

following (2)

 92:11;159:11

fondness (1)

 78:9

food (6)

 67:24;100:7;112:9;

 133:24;151:7,9

footing (1)

 39:6

footprint (6)

 89:10,10,11;142:12;

 157:5;165:3

force (1)

 71:16

forced (1)

 92:11

forces (5)

 165:7;167:13;168:21;

 169:6,7

Ford (2)

 90:24;91:4

Ford's (1)

 157:10

foreclosures (1)

 97:19

forego (1)

 91:15

foreign (16)

 14:1,2;18:11;19:22;

 26:7;37:18;46:3;60:5,

 24;74:10;132:16;

 138:22;171:5;174:14;

 188:12;191:11

forever (1)

 143:24

forget (2)

 95:4;98:10

forgive (1)

 172:25

forgotten (1)

 93:22

form (3)

 34:15;42:23;147:21

Formaldehyde (1)

 10:9

Forman (7)

 116:11;135:12,13,16,

 18;137:20,25

former (4)

 67:14;73:9;113:19;

 166:20

forms (1)

 114:2

forth (2)

 19:5;77:10

fortunate (1)

 90:20

forum (2)

 81:21;84:9

forward (10)

 25:4;35:16;39:7,24;

 52:19;112:25;115:2;

 123:2;177:21;182:21

fossil (17)

 51:1,3,5;55:10;64:10;

 65:1;76:17;81:3,7,15;

 113:17;114:11,24;

 117:15;151:4;152:16;

 155:12

foster (1)

 33:5

fought (1)

 167:19

foul (1)

 173:18

found (9)

 19:20;31:14,23;

 114:6;122:10;152:5,9;

 181:19;188:10

Foundation (2)

 70:12,17

founded (2)

 30:18;145:24

founder (1)

 95:2

founding (1)

 21:25

four (10)

 21:17,20;22:7;42:5;

 72:3;73:1;119:11;

 145:13;155:4;191:22

four-way (1)

 66:22

fracking (2)

 139:4;142:21

fraction (1)

 164:25

fragile (2)

 180:24;181:5

frame (1)

 159:1

FRANCE (1)

 2:16

Francisco (1)

 149:15

Frankford (3)

 57:10,10,22

Franklin (2)

 21:21;23:10

frankly (1)

 163:17

free (13)

 23:7,7,7;56:7;75:11,

 16;126:24;127:1,14,19,

 22;128:1,2

Frenchmen (1)

 113:9

frequency (1)

 173:8

frequently (3)

 21:16;165:4,5

fresh (1)

 125:6

friend (4)

 95:9;143:17;149:23;

 182:11

friendly (1)

 86:22

friends (11)

 22:5;78:25;80:15;

 101:2;123:24;124:3;

 143:6;145:16;160:14;

 166:21;168:22

frightening (1)

 134:13

frightens (1)

 133:25

Frisbees (1)

 23:7

frogs (1)

 59:20

from (140)

 8:21;10:9,12,17;11:6,

 7;14:2;17:12;19:16;

 22:16;23:3,21;28:1;

 31:10;32:9;34:19,24;

 36:12,13;37:2,18,18;

 38:12;40:14;45:10;

 47:11;48:16;51:12;

 55:10,11;56:7;57:21;

 63:15,16;65:9;67:23,24;

 68:1;71:25;72:7;73:4,6;

 75:13;80:10,24;82:4,16,

 19,22;85:19;87:2,3,4;

 90:17;92:16;94:3,4,5;

 97:14;98:11;100:20,21,

 25;101:9,11;105:5;

 106:5;107:25;108:3;

 110:8,20;112:4,6;113:2;

 115:6;118:21;119:14;

 124:19;126:10,11,14,

 16;127:18,22;129:5,24;

 130:7;133:9;135:21;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (207) filter - from
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 139:6,7,17;140:9;

 142:17;144:14;145:9,

 12;146:4;148:1,11;

 149:3,19;150:22;151:4,

 6;154:22,24;155:11;

 156:12;161:3;162:5;

 163:2;164:2,3,17;

 165:11;166:25,25;

 172:4;173:11,13;

 175:15;176:3,18,19;

 177:2;178:4,11,12;

 179:6,10,17,22;181:6;

 188:23;189:2,2;191:9,

 12,13

front (7)

 63:25;64:5,9;66:18,

 18;83:23;177:5

frustrated (1)

 61:8

FUEL (111)

 2:3;8:17;10:19;12:22;

 13:2;14:14;15:2,21;

 17:9,12,21,23;19:3,7,8,

 13,16,19,25;20:5;25:10,

 14;26:10;31:5,11,16;

 32:4,9,11,15,18,20;33:1,

 7;34:1;35:15;38:17,21;

 39:25;45:12,14;47:22;

 48:5;55:10,15,21;59:11;

 60:9,22;61:6;62:2;

 68:22;70:4;77:20;

 78:20,24;79:5;81:19;

 82:20,24;88:4,18;91:13,

 18;96:20;98:10;99:25;

 102:18;106:23;107:18,

 24;108:9,15;109:3;

 110:4,24;111:1;115:13,

 13;119:20;120:7;

 122:11;124:20;126:1;

 129:13;131:24;132:15;

 133:8;142:11;143:3;

 147:18;148:14;151:8;

 157:15,23;161:23;

 164:21;166:8,18;167:2;

 170:16,24;171:11;

 174:13;177:19;183:15;

 184:20;185:11,14;

 186:20;188:1

fueled (1)

 89:6

fuels (18)

 51:1,3,5;64:10;65:1;

 76:17;81:3,7,15;95:19;

 113:17;114:11,22,25;

 117:15;151:4;152:17;

 155:13

full (6)

 37:17;104:3;115:22;

 116:24;138:9;143:2

full-time (1)

 145:10

fully (1)

 99:3

fumes (1)

 66:11

fun (2)

 136:23;144:24

functions (1)

 42:14

fund (1)

 62:4

fundamental (1)

 25:24

fundamentally (1)

 112:8

funded (2)

 61:23;74:13

funding (3)

 73:10;74:8,10

fundraising (1)

 166:3

funds (2)

 73:13;146:18

fungal (2)

 59:19,23

further (1)

 81:8

FUTURE (47)

 12:2,5;21:6,8,13;

 49:17,20;51:16,19;60:4,

 12;62:1;70:8;77:14;

 78:8;79:14,16;93:3,5;

 94:14;97:13;98:24;

 108:20;115:25;116:5;

 117:6;123:20,22;

 125:14;130:4;135:5;

 142:7;154:17;166:13;

 167:18;168:8;169:4,15;

 172:9;182:22;184:22,

 22;188:7;189:6,24;

 191:17,17

G

GAIL (2)

 172:21,24

gain (2)

 96:18;101:10

gaining (1)

 29:13

gains (1)

 190:19

galaxy (1)

 181:1

gallon (39)

 17:9;24:7;27:16;32:5,

 6;34:4;54:19;82:25;

 84:3;88:14;91:4,6,12;

 97:22;103:7;104:13,13;

 108:20,23;119:8;

 124:14;136:1;139:24,

 25;144:2;152:7,8,10;

 153:2;159:5,20;160:20;

 161:15;162:10;165:6;

 171:1;178:23;186:21;

 187:13

gallons (3)

 140:11;148:10;

 156:11

games (2)

 22:11,12

garbage (1)

 116:5

Garden (3)

 57:11;58:1;175:9

GAS (62)

 2:2;8:16;13:15;14:19;

 17:10;24:7;25:22;33:4;

 34:2;35:6;38:20;40:13;

 56:5;62:1,4;69:2;91:5;

 96:22;97:17,22,25;98:6;

 101:17;104:13;109:8;

 114:4;115:7;117:13,19;

 120:19,25;122:2,8,11,

 13;130:17;133:15;

 134:5,25;135:1;138:25;

 140:11;142:21;143:22;

 144:25;146:7,10;

 148:20;155:19;156:23,

 23;159:19;161:23;

 163:21;165:7;178:22;

 179:6,9;187:6,10,13;

 191:2

gases (9)

 12:17;13:13;23:24;

 76:9;122:16,18;129:13;

 132:1;165:10

gasoline (11)

 26:19;61:18,18;

 77:20;81:11;97:4;98:9;

 121:4;160:1,7;164:20

gas-propelled (1)

 92:20

gave (3)

 64:19;119:10;183:24

gee (2)

 87:8;88:17

gems (1)

 87:3

gene (1)

 161:3

general (7)

 86:18,18;119:22;

 124:10;138:10;139:16,

 17

generally (2)

 67:20;147:24

General's (1)

 130:23

generating (1)

 14:8

generation (12)

 72:3;75:19;78:9,12;

 100:10;113:2;114:9;

 137:14,16,22;155:23;

 173:5

generations (17)

 41:9;49:17;60:12;

 77:14;78:8,10;79:14,16;

 93:6;98:24;123:20,23;

 136:15;169:5;188:7;

 189:24;191:18

generation's (1)

 79:24

generators (1)

 114:21

generous (2)

 56:8;62:12

genes (2)

 158:17,19

geneticist (1)

 158:12

genetics (1)

 158:14

Genome (4)

 110:11,11,19;111:2

gently (1)

 113:18

Geo (2)

 140:8,9

Geographic (1)

 83:8

Geologists (1)

 72:23

George (1)

 181:20

get (56)

 27:16;29:6;42:12,19,

 21;43:1;44:22;45:17;

 46:7;57:19;58:12,12,20;

 65:4;66:6;81:18,25;

 82:16,18,22;83:18;

 84:17,25;86:8,11,12;

 87:6,17;88:21;89:3;

 91:11;93:4;103:10;

 104:25;106:8;107:3,5,

 14;109:10;120:2;

 127:18;152:6,7;160:10,

 20;161:5,19;163:16;

 165:6;168:23;175:11;

 176:2,6;177:11,12;

 180:9

gets (10)

 33:20;53:15;84:12;

 102:17;108:23;144:13,

 14,16,25;153:2

getting (8)

 65:1;95:18;106:1;

 119:7;120:7;131:22;

 139:22;165:2

GHGs (1)

 117:15

gift (1)

 154:9

gifts (1)

 154:12

girls (1)

 110:2

give (13)

 31:8;39:23;51:18;

 52:21;56:10;62:25;

 85:3;88:9;110:7;

 113:11;130:13;158:5;

 159:1

given (4)

 27:19;40:1;50:6;

 180:9

gives (3)

 72:12;106:1;125:3

giving (6)

 136:18;147:17;

 161:18;164:14;166:1;

 174:23

glacial (1)

 47:15

glaciers (1)

 171:9

glad (3)

 52:7;80:13;89:14

Gladwyne (1)

 71:25

glass (1)

 161:4

Glauser (4)

 116:10;118:17,20,21

glistening (1)

 64:7

global (44)

 18:24;21:12;22:1;

 23:22;35:4,13;40:12;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (208) front - global
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 45:17,19;47:4,10,17;

 48:15;51:7;59:24;61:1;

 100:5;106:23;107:19;

 108:9,10;117:9,17;

 126:17,20;127:6;

 138:20;139:10;147:23;

 154:14;155:1;156:1;

 157:17;163:23;165:9;

 171:8;176:11;179:17,

 21,23;187:24;188:1,5;

 190:2

globally (2)

 101:15;117:25

globe (2)

 54:5;75:15

GM (3)

 122:10;140:18;177:2

go (33)

 28:22;30:9;39:6;

 42:12;43:10;44:25;

 57:20;58:1,3,6;61:19;

 63:24;69:9;76:1;89:21;

 102:23;108:15;109:8;

 111:17;119:17;129:24;

 132:21;141:10;157:16,

 25;160:13;161:12;

 162:2,5;168:13,18;

 187:13;190:9

GO60mpg (1)

 185:18

goal (6)

 76:14,16;94:12;

 132:18;144:2;146:21

goals (3)

 98:1;132:15;171:3

God (2)

 39:23;154:12

God-given (1)

 154:6

GODMILOW (4)

 158:8,11;162:9,17

God's (2)

 40:3;154:17

goes (7)

 25:19;42:1;43:18;

 67:5;164:1;179:12;

 182:21

going (73)

 27:25;28:3;29:8;

 32:25;33:11;36:12;

 42:15,15;43:25;52:14,

 18;55:16;56:5;58:9;

 66:19;69:18;70:25;

 71:2;74:3;80:8,9;81:24;

 82:12;83:5;84:4;87:16,

 19,19,20;89:21;90:17;

 95:4,6,22;97:20;100:1;

 102:20,23;103:18;

 104:15,16;105:1,3;

 107:21;108:18;111:21;

 112:20;122:9,15;124:9;

 126:21;131:12;137:16;

 138:24;141:13;144:5,7;

 149:6;150:7,8,21;151:8,

 17;152:4;161:5,8,8;

 167:12;168:2;181:8,12;

 182:1;183:8

golf (2)

 23:17;177:10

gone (2)

 76:2;110:20

Good (50)

 8:8;12:4;15:5,11;

 24:15,20,20;30:14;

 32:23;49:11;51:14;

 53:11;57:23;59:2;

 61:12;65:23;71:16;

 74:18;76:3,15;78:13;

 80:14;83:9;90:12;97:8;

 99:14;108:18;111:16;

 112:9;114:13;116:18;

 123:10;128:23;131:4;

 137:9;144:13,25;

 151:16;153:10;156:21;

 164:13;165:18;166:15;

 183:5;186:11,23;

 187:21;188:8;189:6,6

Gore (2)

 92:8;93:23

gouging (1)

 91:20

Government (26)

 2:8;30:25;31:12;32:1;

 45:2;49:4;86:8,11;99:1;

 115:9;119:25;120:1;

 128:13;131:25;132:10;

 135:3;143:19;146:5;

 151:15,21;156:3;

 161:14;172:5;183:20;

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governmental (2)

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governments (1)

 51:11

government's (1)

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Governor (1)

 134:3

governors (1)

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grade (4)

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 86:5

graduate (2)

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graduated (2)

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graduates (1)

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graduation (1)

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Grammy (1)

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grams (2)

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Grand (1)

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grandchild (1)

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grandchildren (10)

 21:5,14,14;123:22;

 168:4;173:4;174:15,17,

 22;184:4

granddaughters (1)

 117:5

grandmother (3)

 20:25;92:2;173:3

grandmothers (1)

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grandparent (1)

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grandson (1)

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graph (1)

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grass (2)

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grassy (1)

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grateful (2)

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great (20)

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 64:20;66:24;70:15,16;

 84:3;91:6;93:18;

 107:10;109:3;120:22;

 133:17;146:22;160:25;

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greater (7)

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 59:10;91:8;176:19;

 181:25

greater-than-average (1)

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greatest (4)

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greatly (6)

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 152:24;166:16;174:5

greed (1)

 183:17

Green (22)

 33:23;38:25;55:6;

 101:11;112:15;113:24;

 114:2,25;115:5;130:10,

 16;131:19;136:6;

 150:25;151:10,10,16;

 170:14;171:18;178:7,7,

 8

Greene (5)

 46:13,15,18,19,25

greener (2)

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GREENHOUSE (25)

 2:2;8:16;12:17;13:13,

 15;17:9;25:22;34:2;

 40:13;41:7;69:2;

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 122:16,18;129:12;

 132:1;133:15;134:4,25;

 135:1;138:20;148:20;

 161:23

grew (5)

 65:13;91:25;106:18;

 107:2;145:7

grip (1)

 26:12

Ground (5)

 10:21;86:25;138:23;

 139:1;140:23

Group (5)

 9:14;151:1,3;154:16;

 175:7

groups (8)

 34:16;90:1;95:13;

 96:14;102:1;126:14;

 137:12;185:19

grow (1)

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growing (9)

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 60:16;77:17;90:19;

 118:7;145:7;151:7

grown (1)

 130:5

growth (5)

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 155:7;174:5

guard (1)

 62:8

Guatemala (1)

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guess (2)

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guest (1)

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guide (5)

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 144:15

guidelines (4)

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Gulf (1)

 55:5

guy (1)

 64:15

guys (9)

 80:23;83:5,23,25;

 84:6,14,23;147:15;

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guzzle (1)

 97:25

H

habitat (4)

 83:6;88:25;92:22;

 190:3

had (55)

 12:23;21:18;22:18;

 28:22;36:23;39:1;42:3,

 4,5,6,16,19;43:8;44:10,

 20;45:8;47:4,12,20;

 55:12;64:12,13;66:2,2;

 72:25;81:9;87:1,13;

 88:14;92:16;107:3;

 111:18;112:22;116:2;

 120:9;129:18;139:3,23;

 140:1,2;141:5;145:9;

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 17;159:18;164:21;

 166:10;167:20;168:13;

 175:25;177:6;182:12;

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hailed (1)

 110:13

HALBERT (2)

 183:2,6

half (10)

 12:16;104:16;134:5;

 138:9;141:6;161:4;

 162:15;176:20;179:21;

 182:5

half-a-million-dollar (1)

 105:14

Hall (3)

 23:19;28:6;44:7

Hamburg (1)

 58:2

Hamilton (1)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (209) globally - Hamilton
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 68:13

Hampshire (3)

 107:11;108:5;190:8

hand (3)

 49:6;107:9;151:19

handed (1)

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handouts (1)

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hang (1)

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hanging (2)

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happen (5)

 87:16;120:25;128:16;

 144:8;161:16

happened (4)

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 16

happening (1)

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happens (7)

 68:8;94:3,9,11;103:4;

 168:5;188:22

happier (2)

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happy (3)

 82:8;89:20;124:11

hard (7)

 27:23;84:9;92:12;

 112:8,17;128:9;151:18

harder (4)

 106:7;136:17,18;

 141:16

hardly (1)

 159:22

hard-pressed (1)

 144:12

Harley (1)

 144:24

harm (4)

 58:10;98:23;154:8;

 183:12

harmful (3)

 190:1;191:6,13

harms (1)

 82:20

harness (2)

 31:1;81:21

Harrisburg (1)

 12:9

harsh (1)

 112:12

Harvard (1)

 168:17

Harvey (4)

 77:3,5,8,8

has (92)

 9:6;10:5;13:13;14:2;

 17:20;20:4;27:10;

 39:20;40:8;45:16;

 47:22;48:14;54:6,22;

 56:4,6;57:23;59:12;

 60:6;61:12,13;66:20;

 71:7,16;72:15;81:7;

 82:20;83:9,21;88:24;

 89:5,23;91:22;92:4;

 93:2,11;99:17;101:21,

 21;107:16;110:12;

 111:22;112:7,20;

 113:20;114:17,20,22;

 117:16,23;120:20;

 121:10;124:4;126:5;

 127:1;130:16,20;

 132:14;136:21;139:5;

 142:16;144:10;147:14,

 25;148:25;154:12;

 155:5;157:7;160:5,11;

 161:22,24;163:15;

 165:14;171:1,12;176:4,

 20;177:23;178:19;

 180:21;182:6;183:20;

 184:19;185:4,9,11;

 186:1;187:4;189:20;

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hasn't (1)

 100:13

Hatboro (1)

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hate (2)

 99:20,21

hated (1)

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have (244)

 13:7;15:25;17:24;

 21:1,1,23;25:13,20;

 27:22;29:4,7;31:2;

 32:11,12,20;34:21;

 37:11,12;38:4,8,9,9,10,

 11,15,18,23;39:3;40:1;

 41:7,9;42:5,8,10,22;

 43:6,10,12,16,24;44:18;

 45:3;48:14;51:19,25;

 52:2,23;54:13,14;55:11;

 57:8,14,19;58:9;61:7;

 62:13,15,19;64:23;65:3,

 8,24;66:1,3,16,17,25;

 67:11;68:14,15;69:8,9;

 70:14,16,21,22;72:11,

 14,22,25;75:15;76:1,20;

 77:12,22,25;78:2,23;

 79:1;81:3,20;82:6,8,9;

 84:7,16,18;85:1,2,18,

 22;87:11,13,13,20,22;

 88:18;89:10,11,22;

 90:15,20;91:2,13;92:2;

 93:4,19;94:18;95:6,8;

 96:25;97:6;98:15,19;

 99:19,23;100:14;101:8,

 10,19;102:20;103:10,

 20;104:21,22;106:21,

 22;108:12,18;109:4;

 110:18,21;111:6,23;

 113:7;114:2,19;115:22;

 116:23;117:5,11;118:2,

 3;119:24;121:23;

 125:13;131:8;133:2,4,

 17;135:4,6;136:11;

 137:5,5,6,17;138:24;

 139:3,13;141:1,15,25;

 142:1,5,12,21;143:13;

 144:5,19,22;146:13,20;

 148:21;149:19;151:20,

 23;153:1;157:18,25;

 159:7,22;160:22,22,23;

 161:2,4,13,16,22;162:7,

 14;164:23,25;165:1,1,4,

 12;166:11,12;167:18;

 168:6,15;169:3,20;

 170:15,16,16;171:15;

 172:2,3;173:3;174:3,21;

 177:19;179:4;180:8;

 182:11,18;184:1,1,3,24;

 185:22;186:16,18;

 187:17,23;188:21;

 189:20,21,25;190:5;

 191:16

haven't (4)

 88:5;122:1,3;145:2

Haverford (1)

 170:8

Having (16)

 21:5;58:19;83:14;

 85:5;91:15;106:17;

 109:2;123:2;126:20;

 130:5;131:11;139:17;

 143:1,25;158:1;183:9

Head (4)

 67:8,9,22;68:5

headed (1)

 87:14

health (51)

 8:21,22;9:19;11:2,6,

 19;12:19;16:15;36:2,6,

 12,13,14;37:7,20;38:1;

 39:2,5;43:13;51:9,15;

 53:14;67:11;78:5;81:4;

 89:16;97:9;99:5;110:9,

 14;111:3,3;112:14;

 122:22;124:4;147:21,

 22,22,23,24;148:15,15,

 16;163:6,8,11;166:13,

 15;171:10;188:6;191:5

healthier (1)

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Health's (1)

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healthy (5)

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hear (15)

 40:15;46:22,24;

 60:15;61:24;84:9;85:1,

 19;89:14,20;90:5;

 147:8;176:1,2,3

heard (20)

 2:7;48:9;57:8;64:24,

 25;72:11;73:8;75:8;

 85:24,24;99:23;137:17;

 148:21;149:11;151:2;

 163:25;176:9;178:4;

 179:18;188:2

HEARING (10)

 2:1;8:14;63:16;68:2;

 70:15;79:9;102:3;

 112:15;115:6;191:24

hearings (4)

 133:11;149:14,16;

 169:17

heart (12)

 16:16;42:8,11,12,16;

 43:1,4;46:7;65:8,10,20;

 125:14

heart-sickens (1)

 190:11

heat (7)

 43:15;54:7;112:24;

 113:12;141:9;144:23;

 155:22

heater (1)

 113:2

heating (3)

 141:2,5;170:17

heavily (2)

 62:17;66:19

heavy (3)

 64:13;182:7;183:21

heeded (1)

 39:2

hefty (1)

 97:11

height (1)

 145:19

heinous (1)

 167:9

held (2)

 2:4;44:20

hello (3)

 59:7;80:7;165:25

help (29)

 10:18;11:1,15;17:16,

 21;18:20;31:4,8,12;

 32:14;35:12;37:1;

 65:13;90:16;95:25;

 114:21;115:1;122:6,24;

 132:18;142:13;149:6,

 22;151:3;167:8;169:14;

 182:14;184:22;188:23

helped (2)

 34:15;146:11

helping (1)

 23:12

helps (2)

 32:18;170:21

hemp (3)

 157:8,9,11

Henderson (4)

 116:11;125:21,24,25

Henry (1)

 157:10

here (106)

 20:16,19,25;21:22;

 23:11;28:19;29:19;

 36:2;39:18;41:24;47:3;

 50:10;53:22;57:21;

 58:13;63:13,15;64:23;

 68:1;69:10,19;72:1,7,

 21;74:5,16;76:16;

 77:18;78:22;80:10,11,

 12,20,24;84:2,15;85:18,

 24;86:3;88:11;89:14,

 23;90:12,15;91:20;

 94:13;95:5;97:7;99:4,

 16;102:3,16;106:17,18;

 109:16,16;118:22;

 119:1,14;120:9;125:5;

 126:4;129:2,4;131:14;

 133:2;134:23;138:9;

 142:25;143:5,7,24;

 146:10;147:15,25;

 149:22;152:3;154:2;

 158:4,11;164:18,22;

 165:1,25;166:2,6,10,17,

 22;170:11,22;173:25;

 174:22;175:12,25;

 176:17;181:15;182:8,

 20;184:8,18,20,21;

 186:12;188:11;189:25

Here's (1)

 45:23

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (210) Hampshire - Here's
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

Heritage (2)

 70:12,17

hey (1)

 46:4

Hi (8)

 39:14;41:21;57:5;

 85:16;96:8;162:24;

 170:5;189:15

high (15)

 10:1,23;29:10;38:19;

 49:8,15;61:11;91:13;

 97:21;98:3;115:7;

 121:4;124:5;169:1;

 187:6

higher (27)

 17:20;19:19;32:5;

 33:2;48:5;54:19,21;

 99:25;118:23;119:19;

 120:10,19,25;121:9;

 126:1;132:15;133:8;

 157:21;159:20;160:1;

 168:1,10;177:19;

 184:20;185:11;187:6,25

highest (5)

 29:21;37:4;58:3;

 133:13;167:12

highlight (1)

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highly (1)

 28:15

Highway (10)

 8:13;9:15;24:23;

 27:17;63:19;78:19;

 124:17;183:22,23;

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highways (2)

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hike (2)

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hiker (2)

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hikes (4)

 108:4,5,6,7

hiking (4)

 86:6;107:11;124:9;

 184:17

Hill (3)

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himself (1)

 64:15

hindsight (1)

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hippie (1)

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hire (1)

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historic (1)

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historical (2)

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historically (1)

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history (12)

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 83:3;86:4,5,15,16;

 87:13;139:11;149:1;

 152:18

hitting (1)

 94:3

hold (1)

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holding (6)

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holds (1)

 53:14

Holme (1)

 21:18

home (15)

 43:17;44:1;68:7,24;

 77:12;86:12;97:19;

 105:8,11,13;107:8;

 143:1;145:16;172:1;

 174:2

homeopath (1)

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homes (2)

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hometown (1)

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Honda (2)

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honest (1)

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honored (1)

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hope (26)

 46:8;53:17;58:24;

 62:21;70:7;76:18,19;

 79:11,22;93:1,2;102:5;

 114:19;115:23;131:4;

 135:2;145:2;149:21,25;

 166:9;167:12,15;

 168:17;169:17;182:21;

 191:18

hoped (2)

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hopeful (2)

 78:13;165:15

hopefully (1)

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hoping (2)

 120:17;121:6

horrible (2)

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horror (1)

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horse (1)

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Horticultural (1)

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hospitable (1)

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hospital (1)

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hospitalized (1)

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hospitals (1)

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hot (2)

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hour (2)

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hourly (1)

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 104:2,3,5;105:3;162:15;

 171:25;184:17

house (16)

 65:13;103:14;105:14,

 14,16,16;106:9;112:23;

 141:3,9;144:23;149:5;

 155:20;170:17;176:2;

 177:11

household (2)

 103:13;145:11

households (1)

 97:16

House-proposed (1)

 124:18

houses (2)

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housing (3)

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Hovensa (1)

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However (7)

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 97:8;101:14;131:24;

 157:22

huge (10)

 23:1;40:14;89:10,11;

 107:16;112:24;115:5;

 120:8;163:19;166:22

human (22)

 40:13;47:9;64:17;

 70:23;71:16;75:22;

 110:10,11,14,19;111:2,

 2;126:18;152:17,18;

 154:8,18,19;163:6;

 188:16;190:11;191:12

human-caused (1)

 117:9

humanity (1)

 123:25

humans (4)

 11:1;24:9;83:3;163:8

humble (2)

 160:8;189:7

humidity (1)

 43:15

humility (1)

 154:11

Hummer (1)

 56:2

hundred (5)

 21:24;30:20;82:10,

 12;167:21

hundreds (4)

 34:24;71:12;117:24;

 167:19

hunger (1)

 157:17

HUNT (3)

 116:16,20,22

Hunt's (1)

 116:24

hurt (6)

 40:17;50:18;88:7;

 181:6,8,8

hurtled (1)

 70:5

hurts (1)

 88:4

husband (5)

 27:15;38:18,20;

 112:4;160:4

Huynh (4)

 8:2,4,8,9

hybrid (10)

 18:12;19:1;27:15;

 56:2;104:22;108:17,22;

 132:11;145:1;177:4

hybrids (3)

 38:22;55:24;108:25

hydrofluorocarbons (1)

 98:20

hype (1)

 91:10

I

I-95 (2)

 67:5,10

ice (8)

 22:6;47:15;75:10,11,

 11,16;76:1,1

icecaps (1)

 171:9

ICLEI (1)

 9:11

idea (4)

 159:1;186:23;188:4,

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idealistic (1)

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ideals (3)

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identify (2)

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ignore (2)

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ignored (2)

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illnesses (3)

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Illumina (1)

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illuminating (1)

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image (2)

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Imagine (5)

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imagining (1)

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imbalance (1)

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immediate (2)

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immediately (3)

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immense (2)

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immigrants (1)

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impact (14)

 12:18;13:16;43:17;

 70:19;94:10;107:16;

 115:3;128:8;131:8;

 133:17;135:4;161:1;

 163:11;170:15

impacted (2)

 97:9;158:20

impactful (1)

 14:24

impacting (4)

 108:3;129:8;131:15;

 174:4

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (211) Heritage - impacting
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

impacts (5)

 9:19;11:2;102:19;

 146:19;174:5

impassioned (1)

 136:4

imperative (2)

 21:8;152:19

implement (3)

 62:15;130:10;164:5

implemented (1)

 130:20

implementing (1)

 122:5

importance (3)

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important (41)

 26:5;29:9,12,14,15;

 31:15,18;37:25;45:3;

 46:8;48:19;58:21;

 59:18;60:23;62:7;

 79:12;83:11;86:14;

 99:24;112:19;113:25;

 121:22;122:19;124:10,

 20;128:12;138:16,17,

 21;140:23;141:11;

 146:6;147:20;148:7;

 149:20;151:20;178:1,6,

 21;179:1,21

importantly (2)

 112:10;191:11

imported (3)

 51:12;142:15,16

importing (1)

 73:5

imports (5)

 54:24;133:9;148:11;

 156:12;188:14

impossible (1)

 139:9

impressed (1)

 159:11

impressive (1)

 170:6

improve (11)

 18:16;28:8,12;45:11,

 11;46:1;55:23;130:1;

 138:14;171:3,11

improved (6)

 32:11;37:9;73:14;

 132:6;140:4;189:21

improvement (3)

 37:7,20;153:6

improvements (7)

 12:20;28:6;62:5;

 110:24;130:8;171:3,14

improving (8)

 32:22;45:25;51:4;

 55:7;110:4;132:3;

 148:15;151:11

improvising (1)

 129:19

incentive (1)

 185:7

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Interfaith (2)

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Introduce (1)

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Inventory (1)

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Islands (1)

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issues (21)

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King (2)

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 48:2;54:20;55:9;59:20;

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Larry (3)

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Leadership (4)

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Leaf (1)

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 88:6

London (2)

 159:12,14

lonely (1)

 136:8

long (21)

 17:20;25:16;47:25;

 65:10;66:7;68:24;

 92:12;111:19;114:3;

 120:8;121:3,10;129:4;

 140:23;159:8;161:11;

 175:17,19;182:20;

 183:9;186:18

longer (5)

 112:21;117:11;119:9;

 126:8;138:25

long-overdue (1)

 60:23

long-term (5)

 25:10;32:12;77:21;

 129:19;130:6

long-time (1)

 123:11

look (21)

 23:21;35:16;45:5;

 47:16;63:25;66:18;

 72:13;73:10;74:1;78:8,

 9;87:1,13;89:8;92:12;

 105:24,25;129:5;

 132:18;135:6;157:6

looked (6)

 28:24;38:21;75:15;

 86:23;89:2;153:3

looking (8)

 14:23;88:1,15;112:9;

 129:16;177:24;190:9,15

looks (3)

 75:1,1;158:4

looming (1)

 40:6

looms (1)

 50:17

loopholes (7)

 49:13;56:8;62:9,11;

 125:12;152:14;155:3

loops (1)

 75:5

Los (2)

 99:21;130:24

lose (1)

 101:9

losing (3)

 43:21;104:1;114:3

loss (1)

 70:6

lost (4)

 88:16;92:1;93:19;

 113:13

lot (38)

 40:4,4;44:19;58:16;

 72:12;84:4,11;86:6;

 87:12;88:2,16,21;89:4,

 5,6,17,22;99:23,24;

 103:10;121:24;136:2,

 17,23;137:12,14;157:8;

 160:12;161:2,4;163:25;

 176:17,17;179:10;

 183:12;188:7;189:24;

 190:15

lots (6)

 66:13,20;81:16;

 145:5;159:7;189:18

louder (2)

 60:16,16

Louis (1)

 113:8

lousy (1)

 114:15

love (10)

 70:3;85:18;87:10;

 107:1,5,6,9;112:8,10;

 113:16

loved (3)

 21:1;22:13;137:1

lovely (4)

 24:13;52:15;113:18;

 125:7

loves (1)

 107:20

loving (3)

 136:13,13,13

low (3)

 56:6;67:21;97:18

lower (4)

 25:16;122:11;139:6;

 187:10

lowering (1)

 25:22

low-income (2)

 57:18;67:22

lowly (1)

 139:19

lubricants (1)

 95:19

luck (1)

 64:4

lucky (1)

 164:22

lunch (3)

 23:16;55:22;103:8

Lung (2)

 36:18;37:20

lungs (2)

 46:7;148:24

Luther (1)

 93:23

Lynn (3)

 158:4,8,11

Lynnette (3)

 116:12;121:16,19

M

machines (1)

 110:19

MacNeille (4)

 26:24;27:1,4,6

made (12)

 36:17;52:4;65:11;

 83:11;88:3;97:12;

 117:12;128:6;132:7,8;

 155:21;159:22

magnificent (1)

 190:10

main (1)

 138:19

Maine (3)

 113:17;137:3;190:8

mainly (2)

 60:7;99:19

maintain (2)

 9:3;71:13

maintenance (1)

 104:17

major (9)

 25:16;66:21;80:19;

 104:11;112:13;119:20;

 131:8;181:18;187:4

majorities (1)

 19:24

MAJORITY (10)

 30:12,16,16;31:18;

 56:16;61:15;92:13;

 117:8;136:10;169:18

make (54)

 16:2;20:20;26:9;32:2;

 36:9;43:8;49:12;58:13;

 65:25;79:8;82:8;83:5,

 20,25;84:4,17;86:17,19;

 87:8;98:1;103:8;

 105:18;110:24;115:18;

 117:21;118:5;122:5;

 125:4;126:24;128:16;

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 131:5;132:16;136:23;

 137:7;146:3,14;156:1;

 157:17;160:19,21;

 161:7,16,21;169:5;

 171:13;179:6;183:8;

 185:4;190:1,25;191:1,4,

 8,11

makers (4)

 34:13;56:20;133:21;

 159:17

makes (4)

 44:14;61:24;105:18;

 190:23

making (17)

 12:18;29:12;44:11;

 52:11;53:16;60:14,14;

 62:10;73:24;99:2;

 105:21;106:6;129:8;

 131:23;134:11;159:7,18

malaise (1)

 30:25

malaria (1)

 128:9

man (1)

 143:18

manage (1)

 132:8

managed (1)

 14:21

MANAGEMENT (4)

 8:6,11,18;142:3

mandate (2)

 99:25;188:17

mandatory (1)

 132:8

manmade (1)

 133:15

mantra (1)

 115:6

manufacturers (10)

 17:7,17;18:14,20;

 20:6;91:9;160:15,20;

 177:9,16

manufacturers' (1)

 94:15

manufacturing (7)

 13:4;14:8;18:16;

 19:14;74:4,17;101:19

many (61)

 14:11;23:13,18;

 25:13;32:19;35:2;

 36:10;38:20;41:8;45:4;

 47:24;48:19;51:9;

 54:10;57:18,19;61:5;

 65:7;66:1,2,24;67:1,9;

 68:3;78:4,18,23;79:22;

 86:9;96:22;97:15,19;

 99:4;102:1,3;107:10;

 108:16;118:7;119:9;

 126:9;127:2;129:24;

 131:6;133:21;134:21;

 147:19;151:17;152:1;

 154:1;163:2;166:17;

 168:20,20;174:2;

 176:21;180:23;184:17;

 186:17;187:17;190:5,25

Marcellus (1)

 63:16

March (3)

 10:3;57:14;170:18

Margillo (3)

 162:19,21,24

MARGO (1)

 2:15

Marja (3)

 116:10;128:20,24

mark (2)

 168:23;169:2

marked (2)

 54:25;111:20

Market (11)

 2:5;61:9,9;126:24;

 127:1,14,17,19,23;

 128:1,2

markets (1)

 18:22

married (2)

 166:11;182:6

Martin (1)

 93:23

marvelous (1)

 47:14

Mary (10)

 15:5,8,12;116:12;

 123:7,11;153:9,12,16,

 19

masked (1)

 190:12

masks (1)

 47:24

mass (2)

 180:25;181:2

Massachusetts (3)

 138:8;140:7;141:4

masses (1)

 93:19

massive (1)

 92:19

master's (2)

 112:4;157:1

match (1)

 146:19

math (1)

 100:8

Matt (1)

 52:15

matter (9)

 9:25;16:18;23:24;

 44:8;68:25;131:12;

 152:21;160:7;176:16

matters (7)

 29:23;98:24,25;99:2;

 143:5;144:10;167:15

MATTHEW (2)

 53:2,7

may (15)

 25:18;51:13;63:14;

 67:21;68:2;101:17;

 119:21;126:22;133:22;

 138:24;139:8;140:20;

 160:10;166:17;187:22

maybe (8)

 58:18,21;62:1;72:23;

 79:14,14;108:22;145:2

Mayors (1)

 9:13

Mayors' (1)

 9:12

Mazda (1)

 152:6

McClellan (4)

 39:9,11,14,15

McCollum (1)

 2:9

McILVAINE (2)

 189:13,15

McKee (4)

 59:2,4,7,8

MD (2)

 35:21;53:2

mean (10)

 51:6;61:12;63:23;

 82:14;83:2;84:10;88:5;

 143:16;162:10;176:1

means (13)

 51:7,10,12;90:6;

 101:6;107:5;114:8;

 118:3;119:23;120:12;

 144:4,7;148:22

meant (1)

 143:15

meantime (1)

 161:13

Meanwhile (1)

 152:15

measurable (1)

 25:21

measure (1)

 64:10

measures (4)

 15:19;44:19;130:25;

 131:25

measuring (1)

 98:21

mechanic (1)

 156:24

medals (1)

 175:12

MEDFORD (76)

 2:20;21:3;30:6;33:10,

 21;35:18;39:8;41:13;

 46:12,23;49:22;51:23;

 52:1,9;69:13,15,18;

 71:18;76:5;77:2;80:1,

 15;82:3;84:21;90:4;

 94:20;96:2;99:8;102:9;

 106:10;109:14,17;

 111:5,10;116:7;118:13;

 121:13;123:5;125:18;

 128:18;134:8;135:7,10,

 17;137:19,23;138:1;

 140:16;141:18;146:8,

 25;147:2,9;150:3,12;

 153:8,12;156:15;158:2;

 161:20;162:12,18;

 164:7;165:18;169:23;

 172:15;174:20;175:14,

 19;180:6,12;182:24;

 184:9;186:6;189:10;

 191:21

media (1)

 34:13

medical (9)

 28:24;36:5;37:7,11,

 13,17;38:3;81:12;

 141:25

medication (1)

 182:8

medications (1)

 54:11

medicine (1)

 87:4

meet (8)

 22:11;31:7;32:25;

 82:6;123:14;141:14,15;

 179:23

meeting (2)

 29:14;82:11

meetings (1)

 176:4

meltdown (1)

 48:15

melted (1)

 75:12

melting (1)

 75:5

member (11)

 15:12;20:17;53:20;

 57:7,9,11;59:8;88:9;

 116:20;118:25;123:12

MEMBERS (7)

 2:14,19;24:4;33:25;

 34:13;140:25;175:8

membership (1)

 12:7

memorized (1)

 42:10

men (1)

 93:22

mention (4)

 14:18;65:16;75:21;

 82:2

mentioned (5)

 27:13;119:5;158:19;

 181:10;182:9

mercury (3)

 28:2;67:16;128:3

Meredith (3)

 16:21,23;17:2

Mershon (3)

 172:19,21,24

Meryl (3)

 80:2,4,18

mess (1)

 173:6

messages (1)

 188:17

messengers (1)

 56:19

met (3)

 63:8;79:2;112:3

metals (1)

 67:23

methods (1)

 81:19

metric (4)

 13:16;45:20;163:23;

 188:2

Metro (2)

 140:8,9

Mexico (2)

 98:12;100:22

Michael (1)

 180:18

Michigan (2)

 31:20;138:7

MICHNYA (5)

 63:2,5,6,8,11

M-i-c-h-n-y-a (1)

 63:6

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Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

midair (1)

 23:7

Middle (4)

 60:7;133:6;137:8;

 167:7

midterm (1)

 19:7

might (5)

 39:3;65:7;104:10;

 158:18;161:7

MIKE (1)

 180:15

mile (12)

 103:2;104:12,12,15,

 16,17,20,23,25;105:5,

 18;124:14

mileage (15)

 118:23;119:3,19;

 120:11,23;122:3,13;

 138:14;139:21;140:5,

 13;144:13,17,25;152:2

miles (43)

 17:9;24:7;27:16;32:4,

 6;34:4;38:20;54:18;

 56:5;82:25;84:3;91:4,

 12;102:25;103:6;

 104:13,18;105:1,10,13,

 20;108:14,19,23;119:8,

 9;124:13;135:25;

 139:24,25;144:2;152:7,

 8,10;153:2;159:5,20;

 160:19;161:15;162:10;

 165:6;171:1;186:21

militaristic (1)

 51:14

military (5)

 18:5;72:18;74:22;

 114:19;115:2

MILLBOURNE (3)

 27:2,7,8

million (15)

 10:4,6;13:16,17;

 30:19;33:25;34:6;

 45:20;133:3;139:7;

 163:23;176:21;179:12;

 185:17;188:2

million-dollar (1)

 105:16

millions (4)

 29:18;91:14;117:24;

 155:11

mind (3)

 76:11;147:20;164:5

mindless (1)

 92:21

mine (2)

 36:20;107:20

minerals (1)

 67:21

miniature (1)

 23:17

minimizing (1)

 160:3

minimum (5)

 105:17,22;120:3;

 152:11;156:14

minister (1)

 153:23

minivans (3)

 97:24;159:19;161:1

minority (3)

 56:16;136:10;178:15

minutes (10)

 58:21;103:3,9,16,25;

 104:1,2,4,6;105:2

Miriam (4)

 69:14,15,21,24

mirror (1)

 73:11

miscellaneous (1)

 104:17

miss (1)

 42:6

missed (1)

 84:10

mission (1)

 8:20

mistaken (1)

 160:11

mitigate (2)

 155:25;190:1

mitt (3)

 22:15,19;179:9

mixed (2)

 102:25;188:17

mobile (5)

 10:9,12,17;12:17;

 15:20

mobility (3)

 102:19;105:25;106:6

MODEL (12)

 2:4;8:15;12:13;14:16;

 17:10;18:8;34:2;45:15;

 78:22;108:19;152:1;

 186:22

models (3)

 91:10;152:3;165:5

modern (4)

 70:19;89:3;133:5;

 140:1

modernize (1)

 191:3

modify (1)

 117:20

moguls (1)

 160:14

mold (1)

 149:4

mom (1)

 149:2

MONA (2)

 35:21,25

money (29)

 14:11;17:14;31:8;

 32:14;33:3;35:11;

 51:10;61:2;73:19;

 74:13,14;109:7,8;

 119:19;122:23;129:23;

 136:19,19;138:15;

 159:22;160:9,19,19;

 165:3;167:1,20;179:3;

 187:15;191:2

Monitoring (3)

 10:7;36:16;93:9

monoxide (1)

 10:15

Montalto (4)

 16:21,23;17:1,2

Monteith (3)

 164:8,10,16

month (2)

 167:3;187:16

monthly (1)

 14:18

months (3)

 21:24;44:6;104:6

mood (1)

 67:17

moot (1)

 40:7

moral (5)

 117:3;118:2;154:3;

 155:17;186:1

morality (1)

 50:20

morally (1)

 51:16

more (83)

 10:22;12:5,18;13:2,8,

 17;20:3;22:16;25:6;

 26:10,11;27:19;29:9;

 31:21;32:1;34:6;35:7;

 41:8;51:6;56:12;58:15,

 16,17;62:14;65:18;

 66:1;67:19,23;77:17,18;

 84:5;87:6,6;92:22,22;

 95:6,20;97:17,22;

 115:10,13,13;118:1;

 119:16,18,22;120:7,13,

 17;122:6,9,10,11,23;

 128:10;129:7;130:19;

 131:23;132:5,7;133:3;

 136:3;138:22;140:15;

 142:11;147:23;155:4;

 156:13;162:7;165:11,

 11;167:21;170:18;

 171:8;172:10;173:13;

 177:25;179:10,21;

 181:22;185:1,1;187:8

more-accountable (1)

 94:16

Moreover (1)

 31:19

morning (4)

 22:13;79:3;80:11;

 175:15

mortgage (1)

 97:19

mosquitoes (1)

 24:1

most (32)

 46:3;57:7;60:2;61:6,

 10,19;77:11;84:10,24;

 98:6;101:1,9,10;103:19;

 112:10;113:5;119:7,14;

 121:2;127:13;138:7;

 139:10;146:5;166:21;

 170:18;176:5,22;178:4;

 179:1;185:4;188:9;

 191:11

mostly (7)

 99:18;103:22;115:8;

 119:6;142:6;144:24;

 173:7

mother (3)

 66:4;92:1;161:3

mother-in-law (1)

 182:12

mothers (1)

 23:25

motivate (1)

 47:3

motivation (1)

 97:22

motor (1)

 97:10

motorized (1)

 22:23

Motors (3)

 138:10;139:16,17

Motown (1)

 138:7

Mount (1)

 47:13

mountains (3)

 88:22;190:7,7

mountaintop (1)

 128:5

move (11)

 37:23;65:6,15;85:7;

 114:25;115:1;158:23,

 25;176:12;182:10,14

moved (4)

 65:12;141:3;164:18;

 182:11

Movement (1)

 171:18

moving (3)

 25:3;48:5;131:22

Moyers (2)

 64:12,19

mpg (2)

 34:16;35:16

much (82)

 15:4;25:6;28:15;

 34:10;35:18;39:7,8;

 43:3,21;47:22;50:11;

 54:22;56:22;58:24;

 61:20;63:12;66:3;

 67:23;71:18;72:14;

 77:2;84:4,18;85:6;90:4;

 94:20;95:6,20;96:2,21,

 22,22;98:10,22;99:8,18;

 102:9,19;103:18;

 106:10,16;109:17;

 112:21;113:12;116:8;

 121:13;122:6;125:1,18;

 128:18;131:2;134:7;

 141:18;146:2;147:2;

 151:19;152:2;153:8;

 156:15;158:2;159:7,19,

 22;160:1,1;162:15;

 163:1;164:7,13;165:19;

 166:1;177:14;180:7;

 181:25;182:19,23,24;

 184:7,9;186:6;191:20,

 23

much-needed (2)

 61:2;62:4

mucus (1)

 48:2

multiple (2)

 65:10;144:21

multiply (2)

 103:4;104:5

multi-state (1)

 134:4

multitude (1)

 41:24

municipal (1)

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Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

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museum (2)

 70:18;113:3

museums (1)

 113:21

musician (1)

 66:4

musicians (1)

 22:7

must (18)

 19:13;31:1,7;51:4;

 54:11,17;84:8;96:25;

 97:7,12;110:6;117:11;

 118:5;131:25;152:13,

 21;154:6;167:8

muster (1)

 152:10

Myron (1)

 69:13

myself (13)

 27:21;28:17;44:2;

 53:23;54:12;66:8;

 91:25;119:2;123:21;

 145:12;158:12;168:14;

 186:13

N

NAAQS (1)

 9:22

Nadav (1)

 41:14

Nader's (1)

 64:20

name (56)

 8:8;15:11;17:1;24:21;

 27:6;30:14;33:12,18;

 35:24;41:21;46:19;

 48:8;50:3;52:21,21;

 53:7;57:5;59:7,20;63:1;

 69:24;71:24;77:8;

 80:18;85:16;95:1;

 99:14;102:15;109:24;

 111:15;116:18;118:15,

 20;121:19;123:10;

 125:24;128:23;135:11;

 138:5;141:24;147:10;

 153:10,19;156:21;

 158:3,5,11;162:24;

 164:16;170:5;172:24;

 175:5;180:18;183:5;

 184:15;186:11

named (1)

 100:3

Names (1)

 44:7

NASA (1)

 143:18

NATA (2)

 10:3,7

nation (7)

 16:2,5,13;17:25;20:7;

 25:25;115:17

National (36)

 8:13;9:4,15;10:2,11;

 12:20;13:22;14:3,4,9,

 10;15:18;17:15;18:2;

 19:23;24:23;31:13;

 34:11;37:10;44:12;

 50:25;51:15;53:20;

 54:5,25;72:9,11;73:13;

 78:6,19;83:8;110:9;

 124:16;163:20;185:10;

 188:19

Nationally (1)

 10:16

nations (6)

 18:17;81:8;101:16;

 102:1;167:8;168:6

nation's (6)

 18:1;26:7;35:5;74:14;

 142:13;167:7

nationwide (1)

 34:18

Native (1)

 137:15

natural (10)

 81:5;90:23;92:22;

 114:4;125:2;142:21;

 154:12,19;183:14;

 190:12

nature (1)

 90:25

nausea (1)

 44:3

Naval (1)

 75:8

Navy (4)

 75:9,14;114:22;

 156:24

near (6)

 11:2;45:21;64:3;67:5,

 9;173:8

nearly (9)

 12:16,16;34:8,17;

 110:12;139:15;148:10;

 156:10;176:21

near-roadway (1)

 9:19

Nebraska (1)

 161:9

nebulizer (1)

 42:5

necessarily (5)

 87:16,21;106:20,21;

 149:4

necessary (5)

 19:1;56:11;118:4;

 156:3,7

necessity (1)

 186:23

need (51)

 25:6;28:14;31:4,9;

 41:4;44:10;48:21;49:7,

 14;56:7,12;57:25;58:1,

 3,6;63:14;70:7;74:24;

 75:22;76:11;81:7;83:1;

 84:5;89:8;93:13;95:23;

 98:4;107:13;108:11;

 109:5;118:9;123:25;

 126:19;133:19;134:25;

 135:1;137:20;138:24;

 143:2,22;144:17,18;

 154:7;156:13;157:21,

 22;160:6;170:22;

 171:13;185:6;187:2

needed (5)

 38:18;82:18;95:20;

 136:19,25

needs (9)

 33:1;39:2;67:19;82:6,

 11;132:6;133:6;160:13;

 170:20

negative (3)

 78:4;128:13;188:6

neighborhood (3)

 23:1;57:10;66:14

neighbors (1)

 78:25

Neil (1)

 114:12

Neither (1)

 142:22

nephew (1)

 149:2

nervous (1)

 135:16

net (4)

 13:21;14:17;73:24;

 103:20

NETWORK (2)

 30:12,15

never (6)

 55:17;64:13,16;

 89:20;93:1;166:10

new (54)

 15:22;17:17;18:22;

 21:19;24:6;35:3;38:19;

 42:24;45:14;50:15;

 55:20;60:22;73:19;

 80:24;88:10;91:1;

 106:22;107:11;108:4,8,

 21,23;124:12,18;

 129:20;130:2;132:8;

 133:21;134:3,22;142:9;

 143:8,11;147:18,20;

 148:14;149:24;153:3;

 157:7;159:4;164:14;

 165:5;175:2,6;176:20;

 178:6,18;179:12,20,25;

 185:9,21;188:23;190:7

news (3)

 78:13,13;177:5

next (23)

 30:7;44:17;52:12;

 72:3;75:12;94:5;95:23;

 114:9;116:9;118:1,23;

 121:14;125:19;131:3;

 140:17,20;143:15;

 144:25;150:9;153:13;

 155:22;172:19;182:25

NHTSA (11)

 2:19;12:25;14:22;

 15:1;16:14;24:24;

 26:15;34:1;39:23;79:7,

 11

nice (2)

 21:7;104:24

nicotine (1)

 55:12

NIEL (2)

 186:8,12

Nigeria (1)

 98:13

night (2)

 69:19;149:9

nine (1)

 22:18

nitrogen (2)

 10:13;16:4

No (30)

 2:9,10;21:13;29:7,10;

 44:4;58:8;61:11;69:3;

 78:11;88:4,12;93:21;

 98:19;104:10;107:3;

 117:11,14;119:9;126:7;

 131:19;146:23;152:21;

 159:3;161:1;166:12;

 175:14;177:5,9;187:23

Noah (3)

 100:3;186:8,11

Noah's (1)

 100:4

Nobel (1)

 92:10

Nobody (1)

 145:22

no-brainer (9)

 46:6;79:4,6,8;119:4;

 174:16,17;185:23;189:5

nonetheless (1)

 25:18

non-fossil (1)

 114:22

nonpartisan (1)

 30:17

nonprofit (3)

 65:4;166:4;175:7

nor (5)

 49:6;96:17;98:22;

 154:16;168:3

normal (2)

 42:14;71:11

norms (1)

 90:2

North (2)

 75:11;125:7

Northeast (2)

 16:7;66:14

nose (1)

 48:3

noses (2)

 181:22,24

not (163)

 14:18,20;15:2;16:5;

 19:6;21:3,7,7;25:18;

 26:12;29:10;31:25;

 32:2;35:10;36:7;43:2,9,

 17;44:13;46:25;48:17;

 49:9,12,17;50:16;52:4;

 53:21;54:1;55:22;

 56:10,16,19;57:7;58:5,

 12,16,22;60:11;61:14;

 62:15;64:3,18;66:2,24;

 67:18;69:4;70:20;

 74:11;75:13,21;78:2,3,

 8;80:12;81:15,18,22;

 82:21;84:13;86:13,13,

 22;87:12;89:21;90:1,1;

 92:4;93:3,21;94:7;

 96:17,24;98:10,15;99:4,

 25;109:3;110:5;111:23;

 113:4,22;114:14;

 115:20,25;118:4,8;

 120:18;122:7,17;

 123:21,24;124:2,3;

 125:11;126:3,20,22;

 127:23;128:1,3;129:14;

 133:4;134:23;136:10,

 11;138:15;139:12;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (218) museum - not
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 140:21;141:8,13;

 142:18;143:3,4;144:7,

 14,15;145:7;146:23;

 147:12;149:3,6,23;

 152:4,22;154:15;156:1,

 6,13;157:15;158:24;

 159:22;160:11,16;

 161:2;163:14;164:2;

 166:17;168:2,7,10,15;

 169:6;170:10;171:12;

 175:22;176:2,24;177:7;

 178:2,2,17;179:8;181:1,

 1;183:13;184:24;185:3;

 186:3,23;188:14;

 189:11;190:15,18

note (4)

 68:12;99:3;131:10;

 178:21

noted (3)

 67:20;177:15;179:4

notes (1)

 95:5

nothing (4)

 29:16;70:8;78:2;

 147:14

noticed (2)

 88:23,24

notoriously (1)

 114:15

November (3)

 20:3;32:7;124:15

Now (77)

 12:23;20:23;23:21;

 26:2,9;28:11;31:16;

 46:5;48:16;49:18;

 52:13;54:17;60:15;

 63:16;65:3;67:1;68:10,

 21;74:19;75:6,10,16;

 80:13;81:10;82:19;

 85:7;89:3;93:3;97:6,12;

 105:7;107:12;108:15,

 17;110:17,21;113:2,21;

 117:11;118:14;120:19,

 21;121:10;122:20;

 127:3;131:12;134:23;

 135:5,11;139:6;141:13,

 17;143:13,16;150:8;

 151:23;155:20;157:20;

 158:1;159:21;161:25;

 162:18;166:16,25;

 174:21;176:20;177:7,

 14;178:1;179:6,10;

 181:18;182:5,13;

 187:25;189:6;191:24

nowhere (1)

 76:1

noxious (1)

 23:24

nuisance (1)

 9:3

number (11)

 13:20;28:20;37:3;

 66:25;72:18;126:25;

 144:10;150:24;159:12;

 163:4;187:14

numbers (9)

 54:20;86:2;89:1;

 103:4;105:4,15,17,25;

 129:10

nurses (1)

 36:24

nurturing (1)

 40:2

O

oak (1)

 59:18

Obama (19)

 20:2;24:5;32:6;39:24;

 45:13;46:6;50:14;

 59:12;112:16;114:17;

 115:23;143:8;147:18;

 149:18;156:6;161:22;

 165:14;170:23;174:12

objective (2)

 74:25;168:9

obligation (2)

 117:3;186:1

observed (1)

 185:6

obstacles (2)

 84:8;169:10

obtain (2)

 145:11,14

obvious (4)

 49:11;159:24;172:18;

 179:2

obviously (9)

 43:7;81:2;175:25;

 176:13,17;177:7,14,21,

 24

occasion (1)

 64:20

occasionally (1)

 119:8

occupational (1)

 173:25

occupied (1)

 67:1

occur (1)

 83:15

occurring (3)

 16:8;126:18,20

occurs (1)

 127:8

ocean (1)

 94:7

Oceanic (1)

 54:5

oceans (3)

 75:4,9;92:19

o'clock (1)

 174:23

October (1)

 67:15

off (17)

 13:18;45:17;51:3;

 66:10;101:18;111:20;

 139:1,22;157:10,11;

 161:19;163:16;168:13,

 21;169:10;175:10,22

offended (1)

 83:3

offer (3)

 56:11;95:8;145:9

offered (3)

 13:21;68:3;171:19

offering (3)

 91:9;132:12;150:19

offerings (1)

 166:22

offers (2)

 14:24;146:19

office (2)

 160:13;161:22

officer (1)

 70:11

officers (1)

 29:11

offices (1)

 12:8

official (2)

 27:13,21

officials (2)

 190:22;191:15

offset (1)

 146:18

offshore (1)

 55:4

often (9)

 10:22;22:11;43:20;

 67:21;122:15;128:10;

 142:18;172:7;185:6

oftentimes (1)

 129:18

OGE (19)

 2:15;8:1;11:23;15:5;

 16:20;20:10;24:14;

 26:23;29:25;51:25;

 52:2,8,13;56:23;59:1;

 62:24;63:7,10;69:7

Ohio (2)

 31:20;139:1

oil (116)

 12:16;13:25;14:1,2,5;

 17:15;18:1,3,7,11;19:3,

 19,22;26:7,12;34:6,7,9,

 15;35:5,10;45:17;51:6,

 7,9,11,12,14;54:24;

 55:9;56:17;60:1,5,6,8,

 21,24;72:13,14,16,19,

 20,24;73:4,6,12;74:10;

 77:19,24,24;78:1,16;

 79:13,19;81:23;87:9;

 91:20;95:14,24;104:16;

 108:1,2;113:15;114:4;

 115:7;116:1;119:21;

 124:23;127:10;132:16,

 18,20;133:3,7;136:6;

 138:22,22,25;139:14;

 140:21;141:5;142:14,

 15,16,21;148:3,9,22;

 155:7,14;156:10;157:8,

 9,12;160:7,14;163:16,

 19;167:5,10,22,22,23;

 168:7;171:6;173:12,14;

 174:14;181:22;184:1;

 185:16,23;188:14;

 189:1;191:10,11

Okay (15)

 8:1;30:6;52:7,8,20;

 84:19;121:14;135:7,17;

 137:19;146:9,25;

 150:12;162:18;180:12

old (17)

 22:4,18;23:23;27:15;

 44:14;50:19;70:13,24;

 71:1;90:24;91:3;100:9;

 123:24;145:18;158:21;

 164:1;166:14

Older (2)

 22:22;182:7

Olivia (2)

 53:8,9

O'Malley (5)

 174:24;175:1,5,17,20

once (6)

 22:7;43:11;63:12;

 109:10;134:23;167:3

one (81)

 10:6;21:16;22:13,19,

 19,25;25:16,25;43:14;

 47:3;51:25;59:20;

 65:24;66:8;67:18;

 68:12,16;69:3;70:17;

 72:8,12;76:8;78:11,16;

 83:20,22;86:4,15,16,18;

 87:10;88:23;91:24;

 92:3;93:8,21;94:5,7;

 95:9,12;99:19;100:2;

 102:17;108:12,15;

 112:5;113:4,7;117:7;

 119:5;124:3;125:2;

 126:8;127:1;128:12;

 129:16;130:10,13;

 131:24;132:14,25;

 133:10;137:3,11;

 138:19;146:2;147:21;

 149:16;153:21;154:8,

 18;157:4;160:5;173:16;

 177:2,2,6;179:1;187:8,

 9;188:9

one-and-a-half (1)

 173:3

one-on-one (1)

 163:12

onerous (2)

 169:11,11

ones (2)

 41:3;179:2

one's (3)

 21:5,8;134:2

one-way (1)

 102:24

online (1)

 64:21

only (22)

 14:12;35:10;47:14;

 56:11;83:20;91:19;

 94:6;111:24;114:7;

 119:5;124:6;129:14,15;

 131:24;152:24;163:14;

 164:24;166:24;175:25;

 178:17;186:23;188:14

on-the-ground (1)

 85:22

OPEC (2)

 139:14;140:19

open (5)

 21:20;66:18;95:11;

 107:6;131:21

operate (1)

 158:19

operates (1)

 8:23

operation (1)

 120:8

operations (1)

 130:22

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (219) note - operations
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

opinion (4)

 30:21;31:13;160:8;

 189:7

opinions (1)

 129:23

opportunities (1)

 40:24

opportunity (31)

 11:17;12:12;14:5;

 15:16;18:22;20:18;

 24:25;26:21;33:18;

 39:22;44:23;46:19;

 47:13;49:2;53:6;55:8;

 59:10;85:19;87:23;

 88:10;109:24;121:21;

 123:14;125:25;147:16;

 150:19;154:4;164:14;

 184:8;186:14,17

opposed (1)

 142:19

opposing (1)

 159:4

optimist (1)

 114:19

option (2)

 78:2;165:1

options (1)

 28:12

orange (1)

 43:19

order (6)

 19:14;42:7;48:22;

 111:25;132:1;184:5

ordinary (1)

 98:19

Organic (1)

 10:14

organics (1)

 136:5

organization (9)

 12:7;30:17,21;39:20;

 53:14;57:7;75:14;95:4;

 106:5

organizations (5)

 36:8;58:23;118:25;

 123:19;150:24

organize (3)

 22:11;48:21;49:4

organizer (2)

 99:15;162:25

originally (1)

 163:9

other (50)

 14:23;23:9,12;36:23;

 40:7;43:4;44:19;45:4;

 47:11;48:25;59:23;

 63:18,23,24;64:1;69:1;

 73:4;79:15,21;81:8,15,

 16;87:4,12;88:14;95:5;

 97:4;98:11;100:15;

 101:25;107:9;114:2;

 115:9;119:10;130:25;

 133:9;143:15;145:5;

 148:21;150:24;151:6,6,

 24;152:8;154:1;159:24;

 174:3;175:23;185:22;

 187:11

others (4)

 23:17;102:2;131:7;

 170:10

otherwise (1)

 88:8

ought (1)

 98:3

ourselves (7)

 48:21;51:3,4;79:18;

 83:17;188:15,25

out (46)

 21:16;25:13;26:6;

 28:21;29:17;36:17;

 42:12;43:19;47:25;

 48:2;61:10,23;63:24;

 66:18;74:15;83:4;

 84:25;87:19,20;95:15,

 17;98:14;102:4;104:10;

 109:16;111:17;113:15;

 116:22;120:10;122:10;

 134:4;140:15,21;

 144:19;160:11;161:10,

 12;177:3;180:23;

 181:11,11,20;182:2,2,4;

 187:5

outcomes (1)

 37:9

outdoors (6)

 23:23;107:10;124:1,

 7,9;125:1

outfitter (1)

 146:17

outgrowth (1)

 183:14

outrage (1)

 118:2

outs (1)

 176:14

outside (7)

 27:8;71:25;87:2;

 124:9;129:5;140:10;

 170:9

ovarian (1)

 166:15

Over (45)

 14:13,17;22:9,9;

 26:11;40:1;43:16,17;

 54:3;60:6;64:8;68:20;

 80:8;88:24;91:12,22;

 102:23;103:4,15,16,17;

 104:7;105:11;112:6;

 126:6,13;127:18;129:1,

 3;133:2;153:6;167:19,

 20,22,23,24,25;172:25;

 175:8;178:8;179:14;

 183:20;185:14;188:20,

 22

overall (2)

 107:5;108:10

overbuilding (1)

 89:6

overcome (1)

 67:11

overdrawn (1)

 86:24

overlooked (1)

 102:17

overly (2)

 56:8;62:12

overregulated (1)

 183:10

overregulation (2)

 183:11,14

overseas (1)

 34:10

overstatement (1)

 173:17

overstating (1)

 173:15

overuse (1)

 108:1

overwhelming (5)

 17:22;47:8;53:24;

 92:13;126:16

Overwhelmingly (1)

 51:1

owe (2)

 83:12,16

own (21)

 22:18;30:20;36:7;

 44:20;46:9;67:4;73:1;

 112:7;118:6;119:9;

 122:4;132:10,11;134:2;

 138:10;142:19;146:20;

 155:6;170:15;188:8,17

owned (1)

 122:1

owner (7)

 27:11;38:18;72:4;

 127:22;135:23;141:4;

 184:16

owners (13)

 14:16;23:8;30:18;

 31:15,19,24;32:3,8,14,

 19,22;33:3;98:4

ownership (3)

 56:6;98:5;103:7

owning (1)

 105:13

owns (1)

 136:24

oxide (1)

 16:4

oxides (1)

 10:14

oxygen (1)

 42:15

ozone (8)

 9:23,24;10:21,23;

 37:15;38:12;91:23;

 98:23

P

paces (1)

 22:15

pack (1)

 141:7

package (1)

 74:7

page (2)

 150:20;177:5

pages (1)

 152:9

paid (1)

 138:11

paid-off (1)

 104:19

pain (2)

 42:13;152:25

paintings (1)

 66:1

pallets (1)

 144:21

palpitations (1)

 42:12

pander (1)

 167:9

Panel (16)

 2:8,14,19;30:3,7;

 49:1;51:24;52:12,14;

 65:21;68:5;69:8;85:7;

 116:9;150:4,9

panelists (5)

 79:21;175:11,25;

 180:8,10

panels (9)

 76:20;112:22;113:15,

 18,21;114:20;130:25;

 155:8;170:19

paper (1)

 116:24

par (1)

 32:10

paragraphs (1)

 111:20

parallel (1)

 110:7

parent (1)

 135:19

parents (4)

 23:11;41:4;65:9;

 90:20

Park (7)

 21:21,22;22:25;23:3,

 4,14;184:18

parking (2)

 120:20;164:19

parks (5)

 22:22;24:13;90:25;

 93:16;151:13

Part (13)

 37:6;65:17;73:20;

 89:24;103:22;106:19,

 20;108:9;113:4,20;

 136:9;140:12;151:22

partially (2)

 164:19;176:4

participant (2)

 43:23;171:16

participated (3)

 9:6;36:20;37:5

particle (2)

 37:16;38:12

particular (5)

 40:13;58:8;64:14;

 68:3;181:14

particularly (5)

 59:18;60:5;101:15;

 121:7;148:25

particulate (3)

 9:23,25;23:24

partisan (1)

 154:16

Partnership (1)

 95:2

parts (2)

 100:15;139:7

Party (1)

 131:19

pass (12)

 14:6;24:6;29:20;

 58:11,12,25;60:12;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (220) opinion - pass
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 61:25;62:22;115:11;

 139:8;176:23

passage (1)

 143:7

passed (4)

 117:7;146:11;168:20;

 178:22

passenger (3)

 12:22;17:12;124:18

passing (2)

 14:15;189:5

passion (4)

 125:8;171:21;172:2,

 16

passionate (2)

 106:3;163:3

past (17)

 21:24;36:5;41:1;

 43:16;44:2;54:3;55:5,

 16;70:20;88:24;92:17;

 107:24;131:14;133:1;

 134:6;167:18;187:3

past-Governor (1)

 134:15

pastime (1)

 119:16

pastor (1)

 39:15

path (4)

 18:14;85:4;115:22;

 116:2

pathogens (1)

 59:23

paths (1)

 151:12

patient (2)

 52:24;162:16

patiently (1)

 162:14

patients (2)

 37:23;54:11

patronage (1)

 120:21

patronizing (1)

 33:5

patterns (1)

 171:10

PAUL (2)

 46:15,19

pause (2)

 72:13;180:11

pay (4)

 26:3;58:15,16;81:11

paying (2)

 28:11;127:20

payment (1)

 98:9

pays (1)

 105:8

PBS (1)

 64:12

Peace (1)

 92:10

peasant (2)

 100:18,24

pedestrian (2)

 28:12;119:14

peer-reviewed (1)

 53:24

PENN (6)

 12:2;21:18;46:20;

 57:9;59:9;141:22

PennFuture (5)

 12:6,10,24;14:25;

 50:5

Penn's (2)

 21:23;23:20

Pennsylvania (42)

 2:6;8:24;15:9,13,25;

 17:2;27:8;41:23;57:12;

 58:3;65:22;66:9;70:1;

 71:25;91:1;102:13,16;

 107:11;108:6,6;110:1;

 112:3;116:21;117:12,

 16;127:17,20;132:24;

 133:12,14,21;134:17,

 18;137:2;142:1;146:10;

 147:12;149:9,10,17;

 161:7;176:19

Pennsylvanians (1)

 163:3

Pennsylvania's (3)

 12:5,8;133:12

Pentagon (1)

 114:24

people (97)

 11:20;22:5,22;23:22;

 27:12;28:14;29:19;

 37:20;38:5,8,11,15;

 40:3;41:1;43:4;44:20;

 47:24;48:25;56:15;

 57:8;58:8,22;65:18;

 66:6;77:18;78:23;

 83:18;85:1,20,20;87:4;

 88:1;89:14,21,22,24;

 90:1,2;93:13,20,24;

 95:5;100:21,25;101:2,7,

 10;102:3;103:10,14;

 104:8;106:7;108:16;

 109:9;112:7,23;113:6,

 11,24;117:3,4,24;118:5;

 120:9,17;122:10;

 136:23;137:6;138:15;

 139:1;140:14;144:4;

 148:21;151:6;154:1,4;

 155:17;158:16,22;

 160:2;169:9,18;175:22;

 176:5,18,21;177:6;

 178:4;181:23;185:4,22;

 186:16,18;187:14,17;

 189:8,25

people's (4)

 16:15;85:25;134:1;

 140:7

peppercorn (1)

 167:20

per (48)

 17:9;24:7;27:16;32:4,

 6;34:4;37:4;38:21;61:3,

 4;73:25;82:25;84:3;

 88:14;91:4,12;103:1,6,

 16,25;104:13;105:3,6,7;

 108:19,23;117:25;

 124:13,14;133:3;136:1;

 139:7,25;144:2;152:8,

 10;159:5,20;160:20;

 161:15;163:22;165:6;

 171:1;186:21;187:13,

 15,16,19

percent (35)

 10:13,14,15,17;12:17;

 13:12;19:21;28:3;

 31:14,17,23,25;32:3,21;

 34:8;38:5;72:16,17,21;

 84:1;100:19,23;101:8;

 105:9;114:6,7,23;

 117:19;127:18;130:17,

 18;133:15;166:23;

 170:21;180:25

percentage (2)

 37:10;40:14

perfect (1)

 88:3

perform (1)

 127:8

performed (1)

 114:5

perhaps (6)

 26:19;56:19;98:5;

 127:13;152:11,18

period (6)

 19:8;38:13;40:23;

 81:23;101:13;162:5

periods (1)

 100:10

permanent (1)

 81:5

permanently (2)

 49:20;81:7

permits (1)

 134:6

permitted (1)

 65:23

person (8)

 66:5;74:25;83:20;

 93:21;103:12;119:5;

 143:14;144:19

personal (13)

 38:17;81:12;89:15;

 99:17;100:2;111:18;

 125:4;129:2;155:24;

 166:12;168:8;171:15;

 187:4

personality (1)

 112:7

Personally (7)

 27:14;81:23;82:8;

 93:4;121:25;135:2;

 139:17

Persons (1)

 123:14

perspective (7)

 21:6;100:13;154:3,

 22;166:6;191:10,12

petition (1)

 20:2

petro-dictators (1)

 74:10

petro-dictatorships (1)

 73:7

petroleum (2)

 95:19;165:10

PEW (8)

 16:24;17:3,4,20;

 18:25;19:6,8;20:4

phase (1)

 14:3

Philadelphia (75)

 2:5,6;8:5,10,12,14,20,

 24;9:20,21,25;10:5,5,

 13,16,23;11:8,9,12,16,

 21;12:9;15:24;21:15,

 20;23:18;24:22;27:5,9;

 28:19;36:4,15,21;37:23;

 38:4;39:18;50:9;56:4;

 57:11,23,25;66:14;

 70:13,16;72:1;77:9;

 90:19;96:9;99:16;

 102:4;106:18;107:13;

 110:1;118:21;119:24;

 120:12,16;123:12;

 131:14;138:9;149:16;

 151:1,14;153:21;163:1;

 164:17;166:5;170:9;

 174:1;176:19;184:18;

 186:12;189:16,18;

 190:13

Philadelphians (4)

 8:21;9:5;63:20;99:4

Philly (1)

 164:23

philosophy (1)

 129:8

Phoenix (1)

 124:4

phone (1)

 143:24

photo (1)

 34:25

photograph (1)

 65:24

photos (2)

 34:21;47:15

physical (1)

 78:5

physician (4)

 35:25;53:19;54:10;

 109:25

Physicians (1)

 36:4

pianist (1)

 129:3

picked (1)

 23:2

pickup (1)

 144:20

picnics (1)

 23:14

piece (1)

 113:3

pigeons (1)

 23:8

pile (1)

 90:23

piles (1)

 23:1

pinnacle (1)

 58:2

pipelines (1)

 142:22

Pittsburgh (1)

 12:9

place (12)

 24:10;29:5;47:17;

 52:5;64:17;80:25;

 115:19;133:11;144:14,

 14;149:15,16

places (8)

 21:5;67:1;86:9;87:4;

 107:4;119:17;155:25;

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plan (4)

 28:12;45:25;46:6;

 134:16

planet (17)

 60:3;72:15;77:17;

 79:18;83:9,16;89:11;

 93:5;102:6;117:3;

 152:22;155:5;170:14;

 172:10,12;180:20;188:6

planet's (3)

 49:19;81:6;93:3

planner (1)

 21:18

planning (5)

 39:6;129:19,21;

 130:6;157:1

plans (1)

 142:22

plant (3)

 59:17;127:22;146:21

plants (5)

 45:22;55:2;127:19;

 128:1;133:13

plastic (1)

 155:11

plastics (1)

 157:9

platforms (2)

 72:8;154:15

play (2)

 23:17;132:22

played (1)

 129:3

playing (1)

 22:6

Plaza (1)

 2:5

plea (4)

 136:4,8,16,22

please (14)

 24:6;30:9;56:10;

 57:15;58:11;84:1;99:3;

 121:14;125:10,13;

 135:17;156:8;181:21;

 182:25

pleased (6)

 17:4;22:1;38:23,24;

 54:22;113:13

pleasure (1)

 80:20

plenty (1)

 66:11

plodded (1)

 168:14

plunged (1)

 81:10

plus (3)

 64:2;104:20;121:2

pm (5)

 2:7;150:10,11;176:5;

 191:25

pneumonia (1)

 42:4

pocketbooks (1)

 51:15

pockets (3)

 109:10;122:24;

 179:13

point (28)

 26:6;29:6;58:3;65:17,

 25;69:3;82:5,16,16,19,

 19,22,22,24;83:4;84:3,

 18;87:11,19;88:19,20;

 136:21;139:8;148:4,24;

 149:7,8;183:18

pointed (2)

 25:13;120:10

poison (1)

 113:10

poisons (2)

 21:10;76:13

polar (3)

 75:10,25;190:3

Pole (1)

 75:11

police (2)

 29:11,11

policies (9)

 21:11;31:4;41:2;

 50:22,24;51:1;118:9;

 130:20;143:20

policy (12)

 14:20;40:22,22,22;

 177:21,22,23;188:12;

 190:18,20,21;191:9

policymakers (1)

 17:25

political (12)

 48:7;64:24;98:15;

 101:22;126:9;134:2;

 142:18;147:24;154:15;

 168:9;172:7;173:11

politically (3)

 142:8;149:23;190:21

politician (3)

 126:4;133:25;170:11

politicians (3)

 45:4;134:11;135:5

politics (2)

 81:1;129:23

poll (2)

 19:20;31:13

polled (1)

 32:16

pollutant (3)

 9:17,18;10:21

pollutants (13)

 9:22;10:8;21:10;38:3;

 67:13;68:3,18;89:18;

 97:5;122:14,21;127:25;

 138:16

polluted (1)

 182:13

polluting (2)

 155:12,19

pollution (48)

 8:19,22,24;9:2,2;

 11:11;13:15,19;15:20,

 22;16:5;34:9;37:16,25;

 38:13;43:15;45:20;

 51:8,8;54:9,16;68:9;

 75:25;76:8,9;92:16;

 117:17;124:14,24;

 126:12;127:5,8,15,16;

 132:4;133:17;142:13;

 148:23;163:23;165:9;

 176:11;179:18,22;

 182:16;188:2;190:2;

 191:7,14

pollution-related (2)

 13:20;16:16

ponds (1)

 24:1

poor (7)

 27:10;36:19;50:19;

 97:9;101:10,24;114:8

poorer (1)

 67:4

popular (3)

 131:17;141:8;159:16

populated (1)

 176:22

Population (10)

 36:2,18;38:2,6;77:17;

 92:14;100:20,24;

 106:19,21

Porsche (2)

 136:25,25

portable (1)

 114:20

portion (2)

 97:11;146:23

portions (1)

 40:25

position (2)

 15:19;66:15

positions (1)

 129:24

positive (5)

 25:17,23;115:3;

 131:8;171:2

POSMONTEIR (2)

 184:12,15

possibility (1)

 21:19

possible (13)

 16:11;27:18,19,20;

 57:16;61:7;66:7;68:21;

 83:12;151:4;152:20,23;

 156:1

possibly (2)

 62:10;133:23

postcards (1)

 34:24

postnasal (1)

 54:13

potatoes (1)

 113:9

potential (5)

 13:7;31:3;32:20;

 62:10;98:4

potentially (1)

 101:13

power (12)

 31:1;32:12;39:19;

 93:20;114:21,23;

 116:21;127:19,21,25;

 133:13;151:3

powerful (1)

 71:16

powerplants (3)

 163:25;179:20;188:3

practice (2)

 37:11,22

practices (2)

 130:21;146:17

practicing (2)

 22:9;53:19

pragmatic (1)

 129:19

praise (1)

 113:7

prayerfully (1)

 118:5

prayers (1)

 118:8

pre-bankruptcy (1)

 138:11

precarious (1)

 73:3

precious (1)

 155:15

precipitate (1)

 38:14

precurse (1)

 80:10

predict (1)

 18:23

prediction (2)

 75:13;113:20

predictions (1)

 100:6

preferences (1)

 51:17

premise (1)

 151:2

prepared (2)

 15:14;183:8

Presbyterian (1)

 39:16

present (4)

 18:21;116:3;123:20;

 163:19

presentation (2)

 36:12;150:20

presented (2)

 17:15;88:6

preservation (1)

 92:24

preserve (3)

 93:5;169:12;191:17

President (22)

 20:2;27:7;46:10;

 50:14;92:8;112:21;

 113:13,14,23;114:17;

 115:23;136:21;139:19;

 153:24;156:5,6;161:21;

 162:8;174:12;178:10,

 13;181:21

presidential (4)

 131:11,13,14,18

President's (1)

 155:2

pressure (3)

 37:8;145:25;146:1

pressures (2)

 154:17;186:3

prestigious (1)

 130:15

pretend (1)

 82:1

pretty (4)

 43:3;54:21;172:17;

 187:17

prevent (3)

 49:16;126:21;127:7

preventing (1)

 38:1

prevention (1)

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 141:4;181:20

price (6)

 17:16;38:20;61:11;

 91:19;97:21;98:6

prices (9)

 109:4;115:8,8;

 120:19;122:8;163:21;

 185:12;187:6,10

Primarily (1)

 41:24

primary (3)

 11:10;35:25;82:9

principles (1)

 188:18

prior (1)

 78:10

priority (3)

 14:3;28:7;29:10

pristine (1)

 127:12

Prius (6)

 56:2,3;104:9;135:24;

 136:6;137:1

private (1)

 147:15

privilege (1)

 111:23

Prize (1)

 92:10

probably (12)

 43:10;60:2;64:11;

 81:5;103:21;108:19;

 109:6,8;137:17;139:2;

 168:15;175:12

problem (14)

 48:22;49:5,7;60:20;

 81:3;87:1;122:9;127:2;

 134:11;142:24;161:9;

 187:9,12,23

problems (12)

 38:1;47:22;58:9;

 67:12;77:21;78:1;81:4;

 89:16,18;158:17;

 163:11;182:12

procedure (2)

 42:19,21

procedures (2)

 21:11;131:2

proceedings (1)

 65:18

process (2)

 108:2;147:24

procure (1)

 173:14

produce (2)

 95:19;157:14

produced (3)

 19:9;157:9;183:22

producers (1)

 138:20

produces (2)

 131:2;138:19

producing (1)

 101:17

product (1)

 45:11

production (4)

 17:18;18:15,18;55:1

products (1)

 39:3

professional (5)

 82:5;129:2;142:2,4;

 186:12

professionals (1)

 171:24

professor (3)

 36:1;43:24;46:20

profile (1)

 134:2

profit (3)

 55:10;126:11,14

profligate (1)

 183:15

profound (1)

 101:13

Program (13)

 13:22;14:4,10,13,24;

 16:24;17:3;30:5;50:8;

 74:6;94:16;110:6,21

PROGRAMS (2)

 8:6;9:1

progressing (1)

 115:17

project (9)

 36:21,23;37:3,5;

 110:11,12;111:2;114:5;

 142:3

projected (1)

 14:4

projecting (1)

 75:10

projects (1)

 11:13

Promise (4)

 97:6,7;143:23;148:14

promised (2)

 114:22;116:4

promote (3)

 9:7;11:7;15:19

promptly (1)

 113:14

prompts (1)

 45:10

prop (1)

 167:8

propaganda (1)

 61:23

PROPOSAL (13)

 2:2;8:15;62:6;79:5;

 117:1;118:10;129:12;

 138:13;155:2;156:5;

 174:12,16;185:20

propose (1)

 123:3

proposed (36)

 9:16;10:18;11:1,14,

 18;12:12;14:15;15:2,

 21;16:17;17:5,11;18:8,

 21;19:4;27:18;32:7,10;

 45:19;51:18;59:12;

 60:22;71:13;78:20,24;

 98:1;117:18;121:22;

 124:20;147:18;148:8;

 156:9;163:3;164:5;

 185:15;186:20

proposing (8)

 26:16;34:1;45:14;

 50:15;74:5;95:22;

 130:2;143:9

prosperity (1)

 32:24

protect (13)

 8:20;11:19;16:15;

 37:2;79:18;90:17;

 94:14;102:6;125:16;

 136:15;154:6;191:13,16

protecting (4)

 19:16;93:16;154:18;

 172:11

Protection (14)

 9:10,12;16:14;17:6;

 24:4;56:15;64:21;65:4;

 92:24;93:11;124:16;

 130:9;140:25;156:5

protections (1)

 178:2

Protest (1)

 145:20

protested (1)

 55:13

proud (4)

 57:11;135:23;146:15;

 169:5

prove (2)

 25:18;65:25

proven (1)

 167:5

provide (9)

 9:5,16;12:12;15:16;

 18:13;61:14;150:5;

 163:14;166:6

provided (2)

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providing (1)

 24:24

proximity (1)

 65:12

prudent (2)

 79:15,17

psychiatric (1)

 158:13

psychologist (1)

 68:1

PUBLIC (54)

 2:1;8:10,14;12:6,19;

 17:24;19:18;28:14;

 33:4;34:12;36:6,12;

 39:3,5;49:11;57:15,19;

 58:5;66:12;80:9;96:11;

 115:15,21;119:15;

 120:16,22;121:1;132:3,

 5,13;133:11,24;145:23,

 25,25;147:17;149:21,

 25;150:1;151:11;

 163:11;164:24;166:23;

 167:14;176:3;178:7,18;

 190:20,21,22,23;

 191:13,15,16

publication (1)

 97:14

publications (1)

 37:18

public's (1)

 36:14

Pugh (7)

 116:13;141:19,21,24,

 24;146:9;147:1

pull (1)

 168:21

pulled (1)

 134:3

pump (10)

 14:19;17:14;25:20;

 35:6,11;45:18;163:22;

 181:21;187:4,15

puncture (1)

 43:1

punishment (1)

 124:8

purchase (1)

 97:24

purchased (2)

 56:3;170:16

purchases (1)

 128:7

purpose (2)

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pursue (2)

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push (3)

 36:9;44:1;112:24

put (10)

 64:15;76:13;95:15;

 107:6;114:12;122:23;

 142:16;167:7,13;168:13

putting (3)

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Q

Quaker (1)

 189:17

quality (23)

 8:21;9:4;10:2,22;

 11:20;15:19;27:10;

 36:16,19;37:7,9;43:14,

 19;44:11;97:5,10;

 98:22;120:11;149:5,7,

 12;185:2;189:21

quantify (2)

 25:18;128:9

question (1)

 41:8

questions (4)

 26:1;30:2;44:20;

 51:24

quick (2)

 61:19;83:5

quickly (3)

 42:18;68:21;178:24

quiet (1)

 64:5

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 28:15;58:7;103:21;

 122:1;180:24

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 126:15;169:12

R

Rachel (1)

 110:3

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 94:4

rail (2)

 183:7,16

railroads (2)

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raindrop (1)

 94:2

rainstorm (1)

 94:8

raise (9)

 35:15;66:24;82:23;

 120:3;135:25;140:12;

 160:6;161:14;170:24

raised (1)

 138:6

raising (7)

 24:6;31:6;33:1,7;

 119:3;136:14;162:1

rally (1)

 167:16

Ralph (1)

 64:20

ramifications (1)

 129:22

ran (6)

 80:10;84:11;95:17;

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RAND (1)

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randomly (1)

 42:11

rare (1)

 89:4

Rarely (1)

 122:16

rate (8)

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 42:11;105:9;160:7;

 165:8,12

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 157:22

rather (5)

 69:4;118:24;129:9;

 188:16;190:22

rating (1)

 10:1

rational (4)

 74:25;190:18,24;

 191:8

rationing (2)

 146:7,10

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 137:3

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 61:10

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reaching (1)

 130:3

reaction (1)

 79:1

reactive (1)

 127:7

read (10)

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 100:4,5;111:21;116:23;

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ready (6)

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 85:7;116:9

Reagan (1)

 113:14

real (14)

 48:3;49:1;53:25;75:2;

 79:22;85:2;90:1;98:4;

 114:7,10;142:5;171:15;

 173:12;187:24

reality (4)

 85:22;112:12;171:14;

 177:23

realize (2)

 100:8;180:24

realized (2)

 55:3;171:13

really (38)

 29:6,23;43:12;48:4;

 53:17;60:9;61:11,19;

 62:16,18;64:25;65:23;

 66:5;68:2;69:11;72:12;

 84:8,25;85:4;91:23;

 99:21;102:5;106:6;

 109:1;122:4,19;136:1;

 149:2;150:1;162:4;

 167:2;168:4;169:9;

 170:22;173:6;174:4;

 181:12;182:3

reap (1)

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reason (6)

 61:12;95:20;127:14;

 176:12;178:17,25

reasonable (4)

 56:11;144:2;152:11,

 12

reasonably (1)

 166:7

reasoning (1)

 186:24

reasons (9)

 41:24;66:25;100:2;

 127:1;145:5;147:19;

 163:5;189:4,18

rebate (1)

 74:6

REBECCA (1)

 2:22

rebuild (1)

 31:9

recall (1)

 64:14

received (3)

 112:2;113:17;130:15

recent (5)

 9:6;36:4;114:5;139:5;

 142:20

recently (10)

 73:8;75:8;101:21;

 114:12;124:2;130:24;

 132:24;148:1;166:14;

 170:18

Recess (1)

 150:10

recognize (3)

 82:19;101:5;187:10

recommend (2)

 141:10;158:25

record (4)

 52:6,22;89:24;97:7

records (2)

 28:24;54:4

recovering (1)

 48:16

recurrence (1)

 42:22

recycle (1)

 146:21

reduce (36)

 9:4;10:18,25;11:2,11;

 15:20;19:3;26:2;28:8,8;

 48:13;68:22;70:7;

 71:10;96:25;97:13;

 101:20;115:12;117:18;

 122:14,16,17,21,22;

 124:22;129:12;132:1,4;

 134:25;135:1;170:20;

 171:4,5;176:10;181:16;

 191:10

reduced (3)

 13:15;55:3;148:19

reduces (3)

 138:16,18,21

reducing (13)

 13:24;14:1;19:18;

 25:20;26:6;60:24;61:1;

 71:2;96:19;117:15;

 142:14;155:19;191:5

reduction (6)

 10:19;11:3;13:19;

 97:2;148:20;171:9

reductions (4)

 9:18,19;11:7;55:1

re-election (1)

 113:14

reference (1)

 52:4

refill (1)

 167:3

refineries (6)

 95:9;132:18,24;

 133:4,5,7

refinery (1)

 132:20

reflect (1)

 50:25

Reflecting (1)

 130:22

reflects (1)

 25:5

reform (1)

 130:7

refreshing (1)

 84:25

refuse (1)

 155:23

regaled (1)

 143:20

regard (3)

 45:3;92:23;158:15

regimes (1)

 188:15

region (6)

 15:25;19:24;112:7;

 120:17;188:13,21

regional (2)

 9:7;134:4

regular (3)

 54:11;58:8,21

regularly (1)

 27:16

regulate (1)

 128:13

regulating (1)

 127:15

regulation (23)

 42:1;48:8,14,17,19,

 20,23;49:11,15;73:14,

 17,22;74:12;97:1;

 114:18;121:11;133:20;

 154:25;172:7;179:19,

 24;183:11,19

regulations (21)

 15:1;24:6;44:14;48:5,

 10,11,12;58:13;72:7;

 88:2,3,3;115:9,10,12;

 130:3;146:11;176:8,10,

 12,14

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 22:8,10

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 113:15

relate (1)

 80:22

related (10)

 11:13;54:15;77:23;

 78:1;103:24;145:15;

 147:21;149:4;185:2;

 191:6

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 188:12

relationship (1)

 155:14

relationships (1)

 188:24

relative (1)

 123:24

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 179:7

relatives (1)

 65:8

relaxing (1)

 143:1

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 10:3;31:13;92:18

reliance (4)

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reliant (1)

 132:16

relieve (1)

 44:5

religious (1)

 40:20

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 72:25

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remain (2)

 19:13;20:21

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 12:23;91:2

remaining (2)

 133:7;167:5

remains (2)

 11:19;93:2

remarkable (1)

 91:12

remarks (3)

 116:23;137:24;183:7

remediation (2)

 127:9,9

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remember (10)

 45:7;56:14;64:11;

 65:18;70:24;71:1;91:3;

 145:18;146:7;158:21

remind (4)

 44:23;53:23;84:16;

 93:25

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 176:8

removal (1)

 128:5

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 23:3

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 13:17

Rendell (1)

 134:15

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 40:7

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 28:6

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 165:4

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 165:6

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 104:11

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 140:7

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 137:18

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 95:24

replenished (1)

 86:25

report (3)

 37:14;139:5;185:15

reported (2)

 2:8;185:9

Reporter (2)

 2:9,10

reporters (1)

 150:7

represent (7)

 30:19,22;53:21;

 56:21;147:12;159:6;

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representative (1)

 17:3

representatives (3)

 34:20;56:18;167:11

representative's (1)

 44:9

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 53:22;154:21;158:12;

 175:8

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 140:22

Republic (1)

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Republican (1)

 178:16

Republicans (3)

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 52:2

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 121:11

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 9:3

requirement (2)

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requirements (6)

 19:4;31:7;117:14;

 119:19;140:13;152:14

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 124:1

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 32:3;118:22

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research (12)

 17:18;18:15,18;

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researcher (1)

 109:25

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 119:21;167:6,23;

 168:7

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 76:11

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residence (1)

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resident (9)

 24:22;41:22;77:9;

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 149:8

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 72:17;87:18;140:20

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 71:11;81:5;87:7;

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 10:25;149:1;174:3

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 147:17;151:18;

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responsibility (4)

 100:14;137:14;

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 10:22;34:7;47:9;

 60:25;73:2;92:15;

 97:11;129:15;189:23

responsibly (1)

 146:13

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 42:15;112:13;186:2

result (10)

 40:12;74:11;86:25;

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 183:19

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 60:6;81:4

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 14:25;92:16

Resumed (1)

 150:11

Retired (4)

 123:13;158:12;

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 130:24

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 22:20

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 64:16

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Reverend (5)

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 42:12

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 23:16;77:10

ridiculous (1)

 44:14

right (36)

 15:23;20:23;22:10;

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 44:5;46:5;64:1;65:3;

 66:15;72:24;75:3,6;

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 152:21;158:1;160:16,

 18;163:6;185:5

rights (1)

 188:16

rigorous (1)

 130:20

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rise (4)

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 185:12

risen (1)

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rising (6)

 31:11;32:17;75:4;

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risk (10)

 10:6,6,18;11:6;36:18;

 38:2,12;43:6;142:16;

 167:7

risks (1)

 42:18

RITA (2)

 150:14,18

Rittenhouse (3)

 21:22;22:3;23:5

river (3)

 142:5;144:15;176:16

RMR (1)

 2:11

road (9)

 13:18;16:6;26:4;

 107:6;113:3,22;119:8;

 160:4;169:10

roads (2)

 115:14;120:3

roadways (1)

 11:2

ROBERT (2)

 39:11,15

Roberta (1)

 15:15

rock (1)

 181:3

rogue (1)

 167:8

role (4)

 50:6;101:17;126:23;

 183:20

roles (1)

 128:12

Rome (5)

 86:20;87:1,5,15;

 159:13

Romney (1)

 179:9

RON (1)

 2:20

roof (2)

 76:20;170:20

room (5)

 28:19,25;29:23;

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rooms (2)

 28:20;36:25

Roosevelt (1)

 63:20

roots (1)

 57:6

Rosa (2)

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Rosen (4)

 165:20,22;166:3;

 181:10

rot (1)

 166:25

rotated (1)

 86:24

roughly (4)

 45:20;103:15;148:11;

 156:11

Route (1)

 63:19

routes (1)

 18:3

routines (1)

 22:8

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 2:9,11

ruin (2)

 55:14,17

rule (21)

 8:15;10:18;11:1,15,

 18;13:1;17:5,11;18:8;

 50:16,22;51:18;56:7;

 76:3;95:21;117:18,20;

 121:22;148:6;161:25,25

rule-making (2)

 24:25;25:8

rules (7)

 9:16;32:10;107:19;

 108:9;169:11;185:15,21

ruling (1)

 123:1

run (9)

 30:18;87:20;136:19;

 142:12;144:19;157:10;

 182:2,2;183:24

running (5)

 23:7;140:21;160:12;

 181:11,11

runs (2)

 63:19;116:5

rural (2)

 16:9;101:1

rushing (1)

 129:20

RVCC (1)

 80:20

S

sacrifice (1)

 154:11

sad (2)

 119:6;162:9

saddling (1)

 60:10

sadly (1)

 93:18

safe (5)

 20:21;45:1;82:21;

 133:24;174:10

safeguard (2)

 16:14;189:24

Safety (8)

 8:13;9:16;24:23;

 38:22;78:19;124:17;

 134:1;185:10

sagging (1)

 187:8

said (22)

 55:15,16;63:13;79:4;

 80:22;83:21;89:3;

 110:15;113:1;114:13;

 134:3,13,15;140:19;

 143:13;154:14;177:9;

 181:21;185:22;186:16,

 18;187:18

sail (1)

 58:4

sailor (1)

 57:17

sake (1)

 134:1

salamanders (1)

 59:21

salary (1)

 104:23

sales (2)

 29:13;46:1

salesmen (1)

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same (23)

 44:13;60:13;77:22;

 78:9;84:14,16;94:9;

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 152:1,3,7;153:3,4;

 164:25;179:7,11;182:4;

 188:18

San (1)

 149:15

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 108:3

Santorini (6)

 116:12;147:3,5,8,10,

 11

Sarfaty (4)

 35:19,21,24,25

Saudi (5)

 54:24;98:12;148:11;

 156:12;189:2

Saudis (1)

 181:21

Saunders (4)

 116:12;121:16,19,20

save (23)

 14:4,11,19;17:14;

 27:25;28:3;31:8;32:14;

 33:4;35:11;61:2,3;

 73:19,22;112:9;119:19,

 21;163:22;164:19;

 165:3;179:3;185:14;

 187:18

saved (2)

 56:4;167:1

saves (1)

 138:15

saving (9)

 35:5;45:18;71:11;

 74:2,13,14;109:7;

 115:16;120:8

savings (10)

 14:14,17,18;70:9;

 73:24;97:19;130:19;

 179:11,13,17

saw (4)

 22:7;55:5,18;186:14

say (39)

 33:12;44:8;63:22;

 70:8,14;73:9;74:1;76:8;

 82:21;83:2,22,22;85:1;

 87:8;90:15;94:19;95:6;

 104:8,21;110:23;

 111:21;113:19;125:5;

 129:11;137:4,13;

 149:11;155:22;161:14,

 15;162:13;173:20,23;

 174:9,18;179:11;183:9,

 19;184:4

saying (8)

 25:19;55:14;134:14;

 149:3;160:5;164:1;

 175:11;177:11

says (5)

 43:18;68:13;88:6;

 173:21,22

scale (2)

 130:11;131:6

Scandinavian (1)

 129:6

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 60:2

scary (1)

 72:18

Schaefer (6)

 69:13,14,16,21,24,25

schedule (1)

 111:17

scheduled (1)

 95:11

scholar (2)

 47:1;139:17

scholars (1)

 47:6

School (9)

 36:1,24;37:4;42:5;

 43:21;68:15;113:17;

 135:20;189:17

schoolboy (1)

 41:6

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 36:23;37:4

Schwartz (8)

 52:15,20;53:2,5,7,8,9;

 56:23

science (6)

 75:1;80:19;83:8;86:1;

 100:24;114:13

sciences (1)

 70:19

scientific (6)

 30:21;40:11;53:24;

 126:8,17;154:24

scientifically (1)

 98:21

scientist (2)

 70:20;170:11

Scientists (12)

 53:21;56:13;58:22;

 70:22;71:4,10,15;

 101:12;114:10,15;

 117:9;137:6

scorching (1)

 54:7

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 47:5

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 24:2

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 128:9;180:2

Sean (1)

 2:10

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 107:12;134:22

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 55:13;70:24;178:16

second (5)

 14:3,12;87:15;88:20;

 148:19

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 28:7

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 131:17

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 149:10,12

secret (1)

 131:19

Secretaries (1)

 50:14

Section (1)

 36:5

sector (3)

 13:4;74:4,18

sectors (1)

 13:10

secure (2)

 60:15;184:22

security (22)

 12:20;14:10;17:15;

 18:2;19:23;34:11;

 51:16;54:25;72:9,10,10,

 11;73:13,16;74:20;

 77:23;78:6;163:20;

 167:7;182:1;185:24;

 188:20

sedan (1)

 109:6

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 159:18

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seek (1)

 18:10

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 47:18;114:3;142:23

seems (7)

 26:7;77:16;79:3;

 159:3;172:7;187:16;

 190:21

seen (13)

 21:23;43:16;47:15;

 48:14;88:5;129:17,24;

 130:5;145:2;159:23;

 175:23;177:2,6

self-employed (1)

 30:19

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 103:23

self-interests (1)

 96:17

self-sufficient (1)

 26:11

sell (1)

 113:24

selling (3)

 56:1;114:18;152:1

semi-far (1)

 130:3

Senate (3)

 178:13,15,16

sending (4)

 34:20;60:6;74:16;

 188:20

sends (1)

 188:17

senior (1)

 168:16

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 88:3;89:9;163:18;

 172:8;190:24,25;191:1,

 5,9,11

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 139:15,20

sentence (1)

 173:16

separate (2)

 144:6,6

SEPTA (1)

 120:20

September (1)

 31:13

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 110:10,19

serious (9)

 65:20;74:22;75:3;

 77:21,22;78:1;81:4;

 87:9;148:20

seriously (6)

 74:24;75:20;117:24;

 137:21;149:2,3

serve (1)

 168:2

served (1)

 156:22

serves (1)

 131:4

service (2)

 156:23,23

servicemen (1)

 18:3

Services (2)

 8:11,18

serving (1)

 39:21

session (1)

 81:22

set (7)

 19:4;124:13;161:23;

 169:1,10,10;186:1

sets (1)

 162:6

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 93:9;132:15;166:7

settings (1)

 174:2

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 54:21;108:18

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 22:17;68:11;77:13

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 86:4;137:16,21

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 22:15;36:23;55:19;

 89:20;91:9;120:9;

 131:24;139:3;152:8

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 28:18

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 173:8

Shale (2)

 63:16,17

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 44:16

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 24:5;30:4;88:16;

 99:19;123:25;125:8;

 142:18;145:16

shares (1)

 138:10

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 66:4;79:4;182:6

Shenandoah (1)

 190:6

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 105:20

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 171:9

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 107:22

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 75:16

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 151:9

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 186:25

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 38:22

shore (4)

 58:4;180:1,2;190:9

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 53:16;77:25;92:6;

 101:8;150:20;168:23;

 169:2,20;171:15;183:9

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 16:17;127:24;166:16

shortens (1)

 51:9

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 87:5

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 129:20;190:19

should (27)

 27:20;32:1;62:19;

 68:6;81:16,17;83:1;

 91:20,23;110:5;114:25;

 117:18;118:24;120:8;

 132:7,8,10;140:22;

 141:1;149:8;159:6;

 165:12;168:1;172:3;

 175:11;176:11;189:8

Shouldn't (8)

 97:21,23;166:13,19;

 167:4;168:4;172:2,8

show (6)

 10:3;34:25;37:8;56:9;

 57:14;93:14

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 183:16

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 71:16;185:4

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 53:16

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 132:24

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 133:1

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 55:2

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 85:10,11

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 63:18,23,24;69:1;

 106:5;131:10;133:23

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 47:6;178:12

Sierra (13)

 20:17;33:15,23,24;

 35:14;96:15;99:12,16;

 100:17;123:13;124:25;

 150:23;154:23

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 190:10

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 107:25,25

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 20:3;134:16

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 9:17;11:5;13:22,24;

 15:23;17:13;19:23;

 37:9;40:25;83:11;

 127:3;156:2

significantly (7)

 13:19;19:2;26:10,17;

 98:3;124:23;160:6

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 29:11

SILVERMAN (1)

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 128:6;130:22;155:14

similarly (1)

 79:15

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 159:4

simply (5)

 63:22;92:14;115:10;

 163:12;183:14

since (14)

 13:14,25;21:25;41:8;

 93:11;114:3,23;119:20;

 121:11;122:8;154:21;

 161:21;164:17;175:13

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 79:11

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 35:9;40:7;41:8;42:6;

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 64:6

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 92:3;153:9,12,19,20

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 56:13

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 49:13;129:20

six (4)

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 111:25

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 89:9

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 23:13

skepticism (1)

 92:7

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 174:5

slightly (2)

 169:2,20

slow (1)

 118:6

slump (1)

 187:20

small (30)

 23:18;30:12,16,16,17,

 18,23,25;31:2,12,14,19,

 24;32:8,14,19,22,24;

 33:3,8;113:4;159:12,13,

 15;160:3;166:4;171:25;

 172:4;181:3;184:16

smaller (7)

 108:25;130:11;131:6;

 142:12;159:7,19;160:21

smallest (1)

 68:9

smart (1)

 31:4

Smith (5)

 24:15,17,20,21;

 168:24

smog (3)

 124:4;190:10,16

smog-forming (1)

 16:4

smoggiest (1)

 16:1

sneakers (1)

 181:13

snow (1)

 64:7

snowstorm (1)

 64:6

social (12)

 13:21;48:21;82:7,9;

 102:19;105:25;106:6;

 107:4,13;135:20;

 158:13;168:20

socially (1)

 142:8

Society (11)

 57:12;60:3;78:14;

 82:17;89:25;126:13,19;

 152:17,18;157:6;169:14

sodium-vapor (1)

 28:2

solar (15)

 76:20;112:22;113:2,

 15,18,20;114:1,20;

 130:25;136:7;155:8;

 170:19;180:25;181:2,3

sold (4)

 72:4;124:12,19;

 164:18

solution (2)

 115:12;142:23

Solutions (2)

 30:24;129:20

solve (5)

 48:22;49:5,7;187:9,

 12

some (36)

 23:16;42:18;43:13;

 51:13;58:18;64:4;

 79:15;80:16;84:23;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (227) sensible - some
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 85:3,24;86:1,1;87:18;

 98:15;100:22;101:2;

 104:8;105:24;113:17;

 121:10;122:1;124:21;

 126:22;133:13;138:24;

 140:6;143:10;144:3;

 152:3,5;155:21;170:7;

 177:20;183:7;186:16

somebody (4)

 180:20,20,21;182:9

somehow (2)

 40:17;172:7

someone (5)

 44:3;87:20;88:8;

 96:14;106:25

something (33)

 43:2,9;48:24;61:25;

 62:18;79:8;81:17;

 82:24;84:3;110:5,5;

 122:20;140:8;145:2;

 155:24;157:6,7,20;

 169:3,3,4,5,21;171:17;

 172:3,3;174:21;178:3;

 179:16;181:13;184:1,5;

 190:19

sometimes (1)

 183:20

somewhere (1)

 29:1

son (6)

 88:8;99:20;100:9;

 184:19,24;189:20

song (1)

 21:1

sons (1)

 184:3

soon (10)

 16:11;51:3;76:2;

 110:3;143:12,13,21,21;

 164:18;177:25

sooner (4)

 117:20;118:24;

 152:22;161:16

Sorry (2)

 43:6;157:25

sort (3)

 49:4;83:3;85:3

sought (1)

 17:24

sound (6)

 40:21,22;51:17;90:5,

 5;146:16

sounder (1)

 39:6

sounds (2)

 48:25;87:8

source (5)

 10:9,12,17;12:17;

 94:5

sources (8)

 13:11;15:20;26:12;

 98:12;149:11;151:10;

 155:10;165:11

South (2)

 108:7;137:9

Southampton (1)

 135:23

spaces (1)

 21:20

speak (24)

 20:18;24:25;26:22;

 36:7;39:22;47:6;50:6;

 53:6;72:1,8;84:20;

 100:3,12;109:24;119:2;

 123:23;125:25;135:19;

 164:14;173:2,24;174:7,

 7;184:8

speaker (3)

 121:14;166:20;

 182:25

speakers (1)

 25:13

speaking (11)

 23:11;47:1;67:8;80:9;

 83:19;96:9,13;121:25;

 127:10;173:7,10

special (6)

 38:2;49:13;56:16;

 68:11;135:22;171:17

specialize (1)

 142:3

species (4)

 59:17,18,18;88:25

specific (2)

 144:11;158:17

specifically (4)

 13:8;127:6;147:25;

 149:19

specifics (1)

 68:3

speech (3)

 44:14;64:20,25

speed (1)

 42:11

speeding (1)

 82:18

spelling (1)

 111:7

spend (9)

 34:9;86:5;88:20;

 96:22;103:18;105:10;

 160:4;165:7;191:2

spending (4)

 74:6;109:11;141:4;

 187:15

spends (1)

 18:5

spent (8)

 37:10;40:25;51:10;

 88:1;97:17;107:10;

 183:9;184:17

spewing (1)

 44:13

spices (1)

 87:3

spill (1)

 127:10

spills (1)

 55:4

spirit (1)

 129:7

spite (3)

 90:13;92:7;188:25

split (1)

 104:21

spoke (3)

 65:21;67:6;120:9

spoken (2)

 78:23;79:1

spokespersons (1)

 79:23

spot (2)

 66:24;179:9

spread (1)

 59:22

spring (2)

 22:21;188:10

spur (2)

 17:17;18:12

Square (7)

 21:21,22;22:3,4,25;

 23:4,10

squares (1)

 21:17

squeeze (2)

 104:10;140:14

squirrels (1)

 23:8

SR (1)

 153:16

St (2)

 132:20;153:20

stabilize (1)

 115:1

stable (1)

 134:20

stable-enough (1)

 83:15

staff (1)

 50:4

stagnant (1)

 12:23

stake (1)

 168:8

stakeholders (2)

 11:10;14:23

stand (7)

 41:23;79:24;135:25;

 163:5;167:12,16;168:9

standard (15)

 17:10;32:5,6;34:16;

 35:3;49:15;54:18;

 82:24;93:9;102:4;

 104:22;126:1;146:24;

 171:1;179:23

STANDARDS (137)

 2:3,3;8:17;9:4;12:13,

 22;13:9,18,23;14:7,15;

 15:3,22;16:10,18;17:21;

 18:21;19:7,9,12,13,25;

 25:11;27:17;29:21;

 31:5,22;32:9,12,13,20;

 33:1,2,8;34:2,14,19,25;

 35:9,11,15,16;39:25;

 40:17;45:15,19,25;49:9;

 55:16,20;59:11;60:23;

 61:17;62:3,8;70:7;71:5,

 8,14;78:21,24;99:25;

 106:23;107:19;108:24;

 110:4,25;119:3,6;120:3,

 11,23;122:5;123:3;

 124:12,18,20;125:11,

 13;126:2;128:15;

 130:10;135:25;142:10;

 143:8;145:6;147:18,20;

 148:8,14,17,19;149:21,

 24;156:10;159:5;

 161:24;162:1,2,4,6;

 163:4,14,17,21;164:5,

 15;165:15;166:8,18;

 167:2;169:1,19;170:25;

 177:4,12,17;178:10,14,

 20,25;179:3,5;182:22,

 22;183:13;184:2,20;

 185:12;186:21;187:25;

 188:7,23;189:5;190:17,

 25;191:8

standing (1)

 22:15

stands (1)

 25:25

start (12)

 8:1;30:25;33:2;52:20;

 67:8,9,22;83:1;110:21;

 150:21;175:10;179:1

started (6)

 83:19;89:1;112:5;

 114:20;175:14,16

starting (2)

 54:23;66:21

startling (1)

 75:7

starving (1)

 113:9

State (26)

 15:15;16:6;45:1;

 46:20;53:17;63:12;

 66:9;72:5;89:23;

 102:18;112:1;117:17;

 118:15;127:12;132:9;

 134:7;149:12;175:9;

 176:2,4,22,23;177:11;

 178:15;179:23;180:4

stated (3)

 132:14;134:6;139:5

statement (3)

 15:14;86:18;129:7

statements (1)

 86:18

states (38)

 27:12;29:19;31:16,

 20;39:21;47:23;72:15,

 25;74:16;75:8;77:18;

 86:21;88:5,7;101:8,16;

 102:2;111:24;128:25;

 129:1,5;131:16,23;

 133:12,20,22;135:3;

 147:25;148:10;149:13;

 154:13;159:16;166:5;

 180:4,21;181:17,24;

 186:1

statewide (1)

 12:6

stating (1)

 129:9

station (1)

 90:24

stationary (1)

 15:20

statistic (2)

 72:12;75:7

statistical (1)

 90:2

statistics (2)

 65:19;102:21

status (3)

 37:20;126:15;169:12

statute (1)

 19:9

stave (1)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (228) somebody - stave
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 101:18

stay (7)

 43:20;68:23;69:10;

 74:16;77:12;95:11;

 179:11

stayed (1)

 168:22

staying (3)

 44:1;150:5;191:22

steady (1)

 88:13

step (21)

 15:23;22:25;35:9;

 45:16;59:14;60:23;

 62:7;76:3,15;79:12,15;

 118:10;128:15;149:20;

 154:25;163:15;170:19;

 172:11;176:10,15,16

steps (9)

 26:2;60:25;79:16;

 81:25;124:21,22;

 151:15;152:19;157:23

Steve (4)

 77:3,5,8;178:13

STEVEN (1)

 2:17

still (21)

 31:3;42:10;48:16;

 50:11;54:13;66:12;

 67:6;81:24;82:2;92:14;

 93:2;95:10;108:12;

 114:3;119:11;124:10;

 129:4;143:25;169:2,20;

 187:20

stimulate (6)

 13:2,7;31:3;73:18;

 74:6;171:4

stipend (1)

 172:1

stock (2)

 55:25;138:11

stone's (1)

 66:23

stood (1)

 22:16

stop (7)

 21:9;76:2,16;84:2;

 107:25,25;139:9

stopped (1)

 159:18

stopping (1)

 66:20

stops (1)

 94:6

stories (1)

 176:7

storm (1)

 39:4

story (3)

 99:17;137:4;171:15

straight (1)

 179:12

straightforward (1)

 187:17

strange (1)

 107:2

strangers (1)

 22:6

strategic (1)

 26:6

strategy (1)

 38:1

Street (4)

 2:6;22:7;64:6;66:16

streetlight (1)

 27:24

streetscape (1)

 132:9

strength (3)

 46:2;72:19,19

strengthen (2)

 34:1;167:17

strengthened (2)

 32:9;53:18

strengthening (6)

 14:9;15:21;34:14,19;

 48:12;134:2

stress (1)

 41:25

stressing (1)

 96:20

stretching (1)

 111:7

strict (1)

 83:9

strictest (1)

 29:20

strides (1)

 13:24

strike (1)

 166:10

stringency (1)

 125:13

stringent (1)

 31:22

striving (1)

 81:18

stroke (1)

 43:6

strokes (1)

 65:10

strong (17)

 18:25;19:13;25:12;

 31:21;35:3;36:10;

 50:15;56:5;58:13,25;

 62:22;118:4,9;133:19;

 138:9;151:15;152:19

stronger (10)

 16:10;19:25;31:5;

 32:13,19;41:2;62:11;

 94:15;178:14,20

strongest (2)

 29:20;152:23

strongly (10)

 14:25;19:6,18;

 126:25;138:13;139:2;

 142:9;148:3,25;149:8

structures (1)

 23:13

struggle (1)

 81:11

struggles (3)

 42:14;44:10;101:4

struggling (2)

 60:13;145:14

student (2)

 43:22;82:2

students (1)

 135:21

studied (2)

 67:20;97:4

studies (4)

 70:18;75:9;143:3;

 144:1

study (2)

 86:17;114:5

stuff (6)

 48:2;70:16;88:11;

 89:6,24;152:3

stunting (1)

 40:18

Subaru (1)

 119:7

subject (2)

 44:12;79:11

submit (1)

 34:22

submitted (2)

 20:2;127:25

submitting (1)

 116:24

subordination (1)

 148:2

subsidies (1)

 121:6

subsidize (1)

 62:18

subsidized (1)

 121:3

subsidizes (1)

 119:25

substance (1)

 155:15

substantial (1)

 36:20

substantially (1)

 13:14

subtracting (1)

 105:22

suburban (1)

 119:15

suburbs (2)

 57:21;132:6

subway (1)

 119:15

success (2)

 26:17;110:13

succumb (1)

 186:3

such (20)

 13:5,6;14:24;18:22;

 31:4;38:15;41:2;43:14;

 50:22;58:17;62:11;

 66:1,24;97:2,24;98:5;

 112:14;120:12;127:23;

 157:9

suffer (2)

 100:10;166:25

suffered (3)

 148:1;149:2,3

suffering (1)

 117:4

suffice (1)

 44:8

suggest (1)

 144:1

suggested (1)

 156:6

suggesting (1)

 113:8

suggestion (2)

 113:11;188:16

sum (1)

 65:19

Sumer (4)

 86:20,24,25;87:17

summary (1)

 174:11

summed (1)

 79:2

summer (6)

 35:17;75:12,17;

 124:11;178:9;190:14

sung (1)

 21:1

sunlight (1)

 76:21

sunny (1)

 158:23

superstitious (1)

 64:4

supplies (2)

 144:21;171:6

supply (7)

 20:5;72:22,22;73:1,4;

 87:5;133:24

support (42)

 11:18;17:22;20:19;

 21:8;24:3,25;31:1,21;

 32:3;33:7;34:16,18,24;

 35:2;59:10;62:6;72:6;

 82:23;84:1;94:12;

 96:16;98:16;101:4;

 102:4;108:8;115:23;

 123:18;137:7;138:13;

 142:9;145:6,12;149:21;

 151:5,6,20;163:5,13;

 170:23;177:16;185:20;

 189:19

supported (2)

 17:20;36:10

supporters (1)

 33:25

supporting (2)

 34:21;184:20

supports (5)

 12:24;19:18;51:21;

 150:2;154:5

sure (18)

 43:4;52:1;63:5;65:5;

 67:10;83:7,7;84:7,11,

 14;111:18;121:23;

 144:25;146:9;154:7;

 158:24;161:21;185:8

surefire (1)

 32:13

surgeons (1)

 42:25

surgery (4)

 42:16,20;43:11;44:17

surprised (1)

 119:4

surprising (2)

 32:2;131:17

survey (3)

 31:23;52:4;72:13

survive (1)

 134:23

surviving (1)

 186:18

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (229) stay - surviving
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

suspect (2)

 65:2;185:2

sustain (1)

 155:16

sustainability (5)

 9:8;11:14;82:6;95:3;

 153:24

sustainable (1)

 130:21

sustained (1)

 155:5

SUV (1)

 144:22

SUVs (2)

 159:18;161:1

sweater (1)

 112:24

Sweeney (1)

 178:13

swings (2)

 23:14;67:17

symptoms (3)

 44:1,5,18

syntax (1)

 147:14

system (9)

 27:24;57:24;120:16,

 20;164:24;181:1,2,3;

 183:23

systemic (1)

 156:3

systems (3)

 98:15;151:12;170:17

T

TABERNACLE (2)

 39:12,15

tables (1)

 23:15

tachycardia (1)

 42:10

tackle (4)

 45:17;49:5;155:1;

 163:10

tackling (1)

 60:20

tag (1)

 158:3

tags (1)

 135:11

tailpipe (2)

 11:3;15:3

take (46)

 12:24;15:24;22:24;

 24:12;29:8;31:16;35:9;

 44:10;48:8;53:11;

 54:11,12;58:9,10,20,20;

 60:25;65:13;72:22,24;

 74:24;75:19;79:12,15,

 22;81:25;92:12;99:18;

 103:3,25;105:7;118:4;

 124:22;136:2;137:21;

 143:24;150:8;152:19,

 22;155:24;157:23;

 166:23;176:15;182:7;

 188:15;189:2

taken (6)

 45:16;113:4;149:19;

 163:16;165:10,14

takes (4)

 102:6,23;108:2;

 180:25

taking (15)

 26:2;30:4;40:17;

 59:14;74:15;79:17;

 80:25;85:5;111:16;

 133:11;149:15,16;

 151:15;156:2;163:1

tale (2)

 143:12;145:3

talk (14)

 44:23;48:9;55:6;

 63:15;74:19;85:23;

 86:8,11;89:21;122:15,

 17;143:10;148:21;

 180:19

talked (5)

 85:19;89:20;145:21;

 176:18;189:25

talking (5)

 80:17;82:1;86:20;

 89:15;179:15

talks (2)

 64:22;101:23

TAMM (1)

 2:21

tangible (1)

 12:19

tangle (1)

 188:24

tank (3)

 128:8;136:7;137:3

tanks (1)

 113:16

tar (1)

 108:3

targets (1)

 144:6

taught (2)

 90:21;91:2

tax (10)

 26:18;61:18,18;62:1,

 4;74:5,12;120:25;

 149:24;160:7

taxes (1)

 160:1

taxi (1)

 159:14

taxpayer-financed (1)

 62:12

taxpayers (1)

 62:17

teach (3)

 86:4,16;140:14

teacher (2)

 86:4,15

technique (1)

 37:1

technological (3)

 13:4;19:11;171:14

technologically (1)

 83:14

technologies (8)

 17:17;18:10,13,19;

 73:19;76:24;91:8;

 148:18

technology (17)

 11:8;54:20;61:12;

 73:23;88:10;101:19;

 110:18;114:2;115:5;

 117:21;118:3;121:9;

 140:2,3;141:25;157:13;

 171:11

teenagers (2)

 135:20;137:13

teens (1)

 114:8

telephones (1)

 143:14

tell (15)

 33:11;41:3;43:25;

 44:15;70:15;72:23;

 94:13;101:12,14;106:5;

 117:2,9;126:23;143:2;

 174:21

telling (1)

 154:7

tells (2)

 95:13;100:25

temperatures (1)

 134:24

Temple (1)

 112:5

tempting (1)

 168:22

ten (5)

 22:18;173:10;176:1;

 177:12;179:9

tenants (2)

 57:18;58:19

tends (1)

 28:25

Tennessee (1)

 112:3

term (3)

 9:17;25:16;120:9

terms (3)

 60:3;191:5,9

terrible (1)

 80:9

terrorism (1)

 74:23

terrorists (3)

 73:10,13;182:1

tested (2)

 64:13;65:3

testified (1)

 177:16

testifiers (1)

 52:23

testify (9)

 11:18;30:4;33:18;

 52:10;59:10;77:14;

 150:19;162:15;177:3

testifying (1)

 69:11

testimonies (2)

 170:7;175:23

testimony (15)

 30:1;50:11;52:3;

 116:16,19,25;125:3;

 150:1,5;158:5;175:21;

 180:7,9,10,13

testimony's (1)

 50:5

tests (1)

 64:15

Tetrachloride (1)

 10:11

Texas (2)

 149:13;160:15

thank (183)

 8:12;11:17,22,23;

 15:4,15;16:19,20;17:1;

 20:8,10,18;24:12,14,22;

 26:21,23;27:4,4;29:24,

 25,25;30:3,5;33:9,10,

 17,21;35:17,18,24;39:7,

 8;41:11,11,13;46:11,12,

 18;49:17,21,22;50:3,10;

 51:22,23;52:3,8,9;53:5,

 13;56:22,23;58:24;59:1,

 9;62:23,24;63:7,8,11;

 68:19;69:6,7,10;71:17,

 18,24;76:25;77:2;79:9,

 21;80:1;84:15,19,21,21;

 85:6,17,23;90:3,4,15;

 94:18,20;95:1;96:1,2,9,

 10;99:7,8;102:8,9;

 106:10,16;109:12,14,

 15,17,23;111:4,5,10,16;

 116:6,7,7,8;118:12,13;

 121:12,13,21;123:1,4,5,

 14;125:17,18;128:17,

 18;135:7,10;137:23,23;

 141:18;147:1,2;150:2,3,

 3,5,17,18;153:7,8;

 154:4;156:15;158:1,2,6;

 161:18,20;162:13,15;

 163:1;164:6,7,13;

 165:18,25;166:1;

 169:16,22,23,23;

 172:14,15,18;174:19,

 20,23;175:5,20,21,24;

 180:5,6;182:19,22,24;

 184:7,8,9;186:5,6,16,

 17;189:9,10;191:20,21

thankful (1)

 44:22

thanking (1)

 79:20

thanks (5)

 39:23;68:9;91:7;

 165:17;191:21

theater (1)

 114:20

them (41)

 21:2;22:18;31:1,4,8;

 32:2;37:1;41:3;43:25;

 52:19;53:21;56:9,10;

 62:10;65:14;81:21;

 89:17;93:17,25;98:15;

 101:3;111:25;137:7;

 143:9;144:12;145:14,

 23;149:22,24;167:16;

 169:10;173:6;174:7,9,9,

 18;177:6,25;182:7;

 183:17;184:4

theme (1)

 163:25

themselves (6)

 50:19;120:18;133:8;

 158:18;174:8;178:5

theory (1)

 154:15

therapist (1)

 173:25

Therefore (3)

 32:2;155:1;178:17

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (230) suspect - Therefore
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

thereof (1)

 60:19

they (104)

 15:1;21:18,20;25:17;

 28:23,23;31:3,9;32:8,

 11;34:6;35:3,11;38:4;

 39:3;43:1;52:23;54:15;

 55:15,16,17,18,20;56:9;

 58:20;65:14;66:16,17;

 67:2;68:14;76:2;80:22;

 87:15,17,21;90:23;91:2,

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 95:17,17;100:19,19;

 101:14;103:21;106:8,9;

 107:24;108:25;109:1;

 113:10;114:3;115:11;

 124:21;126:10;133:8,

 16;138:24;139:6;

 140:14;142:11,12;

 143:13,15;145:17;

 146:20;147:20;149:2;

 158:17,17,20;159:6;

 160:1,4,17,18;163:18;

 167:12;169:17;171:24;

 172:1;174:7;177:6,7,10;

 181:22;183:14,16,18,

 20,21;185:6,15,21,22;

 187:7,15;188:11;191:1,

 11,18

they'll (3)

 33:8;61:1;142:13

they're (8)

 26:16;27:18;52:22;

 53:10,10;59:19;75:10;

 145:8

They've (3)

 55:12;93:22;139:3

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 43:14;60:2;76:8;

 80:14;83:3,22;87:9;

 88:23;89:13,19;112:5;

 114:13;129:14,15;

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 153:4;157:21;159:23,

 24;185:5;187:11;189:7,

 23

things (35)

 22:2;40:5;43:13;

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 70:17;75:23;81:16,16;

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 87:2,3,5,10;88:23;89:1;

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 140:4;143:10,21;

 151:16;152:5;157:4;

 160:5;161:5;168:22;

 181:6;188:10

think (84)

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 27:17;30:6;41:20;

 45:12;48:25;52:16;

 53:16;60:2,11,18;61:18;

 62:16,20;65:17;74:9,18;

 76:11,13,15,17;80:16;

 82:21;83:16;84:2;

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 179:16;180:8,23;

 181:19;183:8,25;

 185:25;187:25;189:4,

 21,22;190:17;191:15

thinking (8)

 20:23;78:15;79:17;

 107:18,23;123:2;

 139:25;177:21

thinks (1)

 68:23

third (6)

 16:3;28:10;53:10;

 56:3;148:21;161:23

thirdly (1)

 28:10

third-worst (2)

 117:16;149:11

this (216)

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 16;20:9,18;21:7;24:24;

 25:3,8,25;28:5;29:4;

 30:5;31:9,18;32:18;

 35:16;36:11,19;37:5,13,

 18;40:9;42:1,16,19,21;

 43:8,11;44:22;45:15;

 46:5,6,8,18;47:6,16,17;

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 50:15,21,24;51:18;54:1;

 55:5;58:11,12,12,21;

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 187:9,10,12,18;189:19,

 22

Thomas (7)

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 17,21

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 180:8;181:14;188:18

though (12)

 25:17;45:23;53:22;

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 128:8;129:11;141:13

thought (8)

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 134:11;143:15;145:22;

 163:10;186:15

thoughtful (3)

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thoughts (2)

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thousands (2)

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threat (8)

 19:22;74:20,21,22,23;

 75:3;79:25;181:25

threatened (2)

 59:19,21

threatening (1)

 34:11

threatens (2)

 40:7;134:19

threats (1)

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 133:1,11;149:14;

 156:24;159:17;162:6,7;

 165:8,11;170:12;

 173:15;174:1;179:14;

 186:24

three-and-a-half (1)

 173:4

three-minute (1)

 105:2

thrive (1)

 35:13

throat (1)

 48:3

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 124:13,19;137:2;162:1,

 1,3,3,5;190:10,15

throughout (7)

 13:10;66:21;77:18;

 90:25;91:3,15;92:21

throw (1)

 66:23

thumb (1)

 181:23

thumbed (1)

 181:22

thus (3)

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Thyroid (1)

 68:16

tied (3)

 89:18;99:6;188:13

tight (1)

 97:18

tighter (1)

 107:18

time (67)

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 29:2,22;40:8;41:4,10;

 49:10,12;51:3;60:13;

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 96:23;97:18;100:9;

 102:8;103:11,18;

 105:23;109:13;110:22;

 111:16;116:6;119:14;

 121:11;122:1,25;134:9;

 135:9;136:3;139:13,23;

 141:13;147:1;157:5,19;

 159:1,8,16;160:4;163:2;

 166:24;171:1;172:10,

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 179:18;181:23

times (13)

 38:23;103:6,13,13,25;

 104:2,3;141:16;165:8,

 11;173:16;185:9;

 187:14

timing (1)

 30:4

TINKER (2)

 180:15,18

tiny (3)

 64:8;144:5;164:24

tipping (2)

 69:3;139:8

tired (1)

 83:6

tirelessly (1)

 93:12

tires (2)

 104:15;166:25

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 92:9

today (46)

 21:21;23:20;27:19;

 33:18;34:22;41:23;

 42:8;43:20;50:11,23;

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 92:4;99:5,23;100:11,14;

 103:19;106:17;109:24;

 119:6;124:9;125:2;

 126:2,4;137:17;139:7;

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (231) thereof - today
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 163:2;164:1;167:6;

 169:13;183:25

today's (7)

 13:18;40:23;48:7;

 64:23;65:17;76:24;

 157:13

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 22:24

toe (1)

 90:14

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 32:11;99:17;140:18

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 76:12

Tom (1)

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tomorrow (1)

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tomorrow's (1)

 40:24

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 44:21

tonight (14)

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 172:14;174:22;176:17,

 18;178:5;180:19;

 181:15;189:25

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 155:11;163:24;188:3

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 98:11;108:15

topic (2)

 26:19;112:15

top-secret (1)

 45:24

tossed (1)

 22:19

total (7)

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 133:3

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 67:13

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 144:22

toward (2)

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 114:25;151:16

town (8)

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 29:12;44:7;116:22;

 151:2;166:24

towns (1)

 28:20

Township (1)

 170:8

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 67:23;76:9;92:18

toxics (4)

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Toyota (3)

 88:16;153:1;157:3

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 51:8

traditions (1)

 117:2

Traffic (8)

 8:13;9:15;16:6;24:23;

 66:21;78:19;102:25;

 124:17

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 67:7

tragedy (1)

 155:17

Trail (1)

 58:2

trails (1)

 90:25

train (4)

 57:22;67:5;69:9;

 99:18

trainer (1)

 142:4

training (1)

 22:21

trains (1)

 119:15

transactions (1)

 128:14

TRANSCRIPT (1)

 2:1

transformations (1)

 70:22

transit (3)

 18:3;151:11;166:23

transited (1)

 75:17

Transition (2)

 151:1,2

transport (1)

 173:14

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 120:16,23;121:1,7;

 125:15;132:4,5,13;

 164:24;185:10

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traveled (3)

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traveling (2)

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travels (1)

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treasurer (1)

 57:9

treat (1)

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treatments (1)

 42:6

treats (1)

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trees (3)

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 148:1

trending (1)

 187:6

Trenton (2)

 176:2;177:3

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 124:8

tried (1)

 169:9

trigger (1)

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trillion (1)

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trip (1)

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 91:16

trouble (2)

 161:3,5

troubles (1)

 149:1

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 61:7;144:20

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 78:21;97:25;98:3;

 106:24;124:19;148:22;

 166:9;170:25;174:13;

 179:22;184:21;186:22

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 77:16;113:20;114:10,

 14;126:11;127:15;

 145:4;177:7;190:13

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 16:18;64:24;76:22;

 119:4

Trust (2)

 17:4;154:23

truth (4)

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 92:10

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 120:2;144:15;169:6,11;

 170:15

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 168:21;183:19

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 90:13

tumultuous (1)

 188:13

tundra (1)

 75:5

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 172:7

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 92:8

turning (1)

 64:2

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 25:2;38:19;47:11;

 52:15,16,22;53:8;57:20;

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 95:9;103:13,14;105:4;

 107:20;109:5;110:2,16,

 17;117:5;118:21;127:5;

 132:23;134:15;135:19,

 20;138:23;162:14;

 177:15;184:3

two-minute (1)

 175:22

type (3)

 85:22;88:22;89:19

types (1)

 107:12

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 73:7

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 41:20

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 114:12

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 56:13

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 104:19

ultimately (1)

 174:6

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 76:13

unchecked (1)

 98:25

uncommon (1)

 89:4

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 8:23;10:1;23:15;25:1;

 37:8;73:22;182:8

underline (1)

 71:14

underlying (2)

 38:3;81:9

undermine (2)

 62:9;125:12

undermines (2)

 37:12;188:19

underplay (2)

 86:13,14

understand (8)

 30:22;75:2;81:21;

 98:20;107:16;136:19;

 162:12,13

understanding (2)

 54:22;129:21

understands (1)

 19:8

undertaken (1)

 113:6

undo (1)

 93:1

undoubtedly (2)

 13:22;65:11

unemployed (1)

 101:7

unfair (1)

 124:8

unfettered (1)

 167:9

unfolding (1)

 75:3

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (232) today's - unfolding
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

unfortunate (1)

 168:6

Unfortunately (4)

 37:21;114:15;117:14;

 133:16

unhealthy (3)

 10:1,22;97:12

Union (4)

 39:17;53:20;56:12;

 88:9

unions (1)

 112:18

unique (1)

 171:17

United (33)

 29:19;31:16;39:12,

 16,17;47:23;50:9;72:15,

 25;74:16;75:8;77:18;

 86:21;88:5,7;101:7,16;

 102:2;128:24;129:1,5;

 131:16,23;147:25;

 148:9;149:12;154:13;

 159:16;166:5;180:21;

 181:17,24;185:25

unites (1)

 154:8

units (1)

 13:6

universe (1)

 181:1

University (4)

 110:1;139:18;147:11;

 157:2

University's (1)

 46:21

unlikely (1)

 26:8

unnecessarily (1)

 56:10

unnecessary (1)

 121:4

unpaid (1)

 66:9

unpolluted (3)

 123:18;125:6,9

unprecedented (1)

 148:2

unpredictable (1)

 28:22

unquestionable (1)

 117:10

unraveling (1)

 74:21

unsolvable (1)

 173:6

unsuccessful (2)

 42:17;43:11

unsustainable (1)

 60:11

until (8)

 12:22;55:18;92:11;

 94:5;101:21;113:19;

 153:5;161:17

unwelcome (1)

 29:4

unwise (1)

 60:5

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 30:20;41:9;42:11;

 46:10;54:13;55:18,20;

 58:2;65:13;67:5;74:7;

 76:6;79:2;80:12,13;

 82:18;84:12;86:11,12;

 88:21;90:6,19;91:4,11,

 25;95:21,25;97:7,21;

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 130:5;132:21;134:8;

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 172:11;180:1,10,25;

 187:3,14

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 115:14

upgrade (1)

 191:3

upgraded (1)

 170:16

upgrading (1)

 28:1

upheld (1)

 124:17

uphill (1)

 114:18

uphold (1)

 125:10

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 56:18;60:5;94:14;

 180:1,2

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 188:11

upstream (1)

 76:23

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 50:16;62:7;71:13;

 117:19;128:16;154:2;

 155:2;164:4

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 19:6

urine (1)

 64:12

USA (1)

 39:16

usage (3)

 28:3;96:25;119:1

use (34)

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 78:1,16;81:3,22;96:19,

 22;98:8;113:12;117:15;

 119:15;120:7,13;

 123:17;130:17;132:13;

 144:16,20,22,23;

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 169:11;183:15;184:1

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 47:16;51:7,10,11,14;

 90:23;108:18;113:18,

 18;120:2;157:17

uses (2)

 10:20;30:21

using (9)

 81:19;88:4;114:20;

 119:11;120:4;132:11;

 148:22;157:20;173:15

usual (1)

 126:11

usually (2)

 77:12;127:9

Utica (1)

 63:17

utility (1)

 130:19

utilize (1)

 114:22

utterly (2)

 29:4;152:19

V

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 91:4

vacations (1)

 91:15

valid (1)

 36:10

Valley (4)

 86:23;95:10;184:19,

 24

value (5)

 19:10;26:6;96:20;

 97:2;167:20

values (3)

 91:2;142:17;154:10

VAN (2)

 186:8,11

vapor (1)

 28:2

variations (1)

 134:22

variety (2)

 25:7;93:8

Varley (3)

 150:12,14,18

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 131:23

vegetation (1)

 10:24

vehicle (26)

 8:16;13:5;14:15,18;

 17:12;18:12,19,20;34:1,

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 73:25;76:19;115:8;

 125:13;129:13;144:20,

 22,25;145:1;177:23;

 185:12,13

VEHICLES (29)

 2:4;11:7;12:13,18;

 13:3,12;17:8,11,19;

 19:1;26:10;36:9;37:24;

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 124:12;131:23;132:11,

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 190:10

Venezuela (1)

 98:13

venue (1)

 26:20

Vermont (1)

 190:8

vessels (1)

 42:25

vet (1)

 68:15

veteran (2)

 156:22;183:6

veterans (1)

 20:6

veterinary (1)

 68:13

vets (1)

 68:12

viable (1)

 20:21

Vice (2)

 92:7;139:19

vicinity (1)

 63:22

video (1)

 143:23

view (3)

 21:6;82:5;127:20

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 48:24

views (4)

 30:4;92:7;174:23;

 191:23

vilification (1)

 49:10

violation (1)

 148:5

violent (1)

 67:17

Virgil (3)

 153:11;156:18,22

Virgin (1)

 132:21

Virginia (1)

 113:21

virtually (1)

 134:19

virtue (1)

 119:18

vision (2)

 21:19;23:21

visit (3)

 11:21;28:25;56:12

visited (1)

 190:5

visiting (1)

 111:24

visual (2)

 65:23;93:24

vital (1)

 67:21

voice (1)

 186:15

voicing (1)

 163:13

Volatile (1)

 10:14

volatility (2)

 17:16;19:17

Volkswagen (1)

 139:23

volleyball (1)

 22:11

Volt (1)

 177:24

voluntarily (1)

 96:25

volunteer (1)

 67:9

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (233) unfortunate - volunteer
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

vote (1)

 93:20

voted (1)

 131:20

VOTERS (4)

 15:9,13;96:15;97:3

vulnerable (2)

 181:25;182:3

VW (2)

 159:9;162:10

W

wage (3)

 105:18,21,22

wagon (1)

 90:24

wait (2)

 49:6;161:17

waited (2)

 162:14,14

waiting (5)

 132:25;145:3,10;

 152:24;153:5

wake (1)

 54:13

walk (11)

 24:13;63:25;66:16;

 90:14;107:9,14,22;

 132:12;137:8;166:23;

 184:23

walker (1)

 184:17

walkers (1)

 22:23

walking (2)

 28:13;119:16

walkways (2)

 22:5;151:12

want (62)

 20:18;23:23;26:14;

 29:19;32:11;35:6;

 41:25;42:17;50:10;

 53:13;55:10;58:9;61:5,

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 75:19;83:4,22;84:16;

 85:17,23;86:13,13;

 87:24;89:23;93:5;

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 117:6;118:22;121:21;

 123:16;129:11;136:9;

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 178:24;180:19;182:15,

 17;184:4

wanted (9)

 44:15;53:23;82:15;

 90:5;109:12;124:6;

 168:13;173:2;175:10

wanting (1)

 136:14

war (6)

 60:15,16,17;70:5,8;

 129:24

warm (1)

 158:24

warmer (1)

 134:24

warming (33)

 21:12;22:1;23:22;

 35:4;45:17,20;51:7;

 59:21,24;61:1;100:5;

 101:14;106:23;107:19;

 108:9;117:17;126:17,

 20;127:6;138:21;

 139:10;155:1;163:23;

 165:10;171:8;176:11;

 179:17,21,23;187:24;

 188:1,5;190:2

warrant (1)

 10:1

wars (8)

 60:9;87:6;100:7;

 156:24;167:18,18,23;

 168:3

Washington (9)

 21:21;22:3,25;23:4;

 84:24;93:22;112:1;

 130:14;175:16

Wasilewski (6)

 80:2,4,7,18,19;82:4

wasn't (6)

 86:25;90:14;139:24;

 140:1;143:23;145:21

waste (1)

 92:18

wasting (1)

 107:24

watch (3)

 22:5;23:11;41:9

watched (1)

 70:2

watches (1)

 83:7

watching (1)

 22:13

water (16)

 21:10;76:14;80:8;

 94:2,3;123:17;125:6,9;

 133:24;142:5;146:17;

 163:7;166:13;167:24;

 181:11;182:2

way (50)

 15:3;20:1;32:14;33:2;

 41:3;47:16;48:23;

 50:16;61:19;64:19;

 65:5;67:3,25;72:20;

 73:3;78:17;79:10,18;

 81:17;82:16,18,21;84:8;

 86:22;88:4;103:3;

 105:1,3;114:3;115:4;

 129:17;131:17;137:2,7;

 139:12;140:10;148:23;

 151:4;157:16;159:20;

 161:2,6,11;162:3;

 163:12;170:15;181:7,

 19;187:9,11

ways (8)

 32:23;40:2;78:15;

 81:24,25;97:15;155:18;

 191:1

we (384)

 10:16;15:19;17:21,

 23;19:12;21:8,9;24:3,9,

 11;25:6,16;26:10;

 27:23;28:11,15;30:18;

 31:1,9,12;32:16;33:7;

 34:9,15,25;35:9;37:11;

 38:21,22,23;39:6;41:1,

 9,9;44:10,25;45:3,8;

 46:23,23,24;47:4,5,5;

 48:9,14,16,21;49:4,5,6,

 7,14;50:16;51:2,3,5,19;

 52:5,10,19,24;54:23;

 55:5,9,18;56:7,15;

 57:14;58:6;60:15;

 61:24;63:8,10,14;65:8,

 23;66:10,11;69:11;

 70:16;71:3;72:11,14,21,

 22,24,25;73:2,5,12,20;

 74:11,15,22,23,23;

 75:15,18,22;76:3,11,11,

 13,15,17;77:22,25;78:2,

 3,4,6,9,10,14,15,16;

 79:15;81:2,9,11,14,16,

 18,20;82:12,15,18,19;

 83:1,2,12,14,16;84:5,16,

 17,18,23;85:4;86:17,23;

 87:1,11,13,22,23;88:16;

 89:5,8,10,10,22,25;

 90:19,25;91:5,6,6,17,

 17;92:5,15,16,25;93:1,

 3,4,13,14;94:11,13,13;

 95:3,20,23;96:11,24,25;

 97:5,7,8,8,10,20,23;

 98:1,8,15,16,24;99:1,

 19;100:14;101:14,17,

 18;102:5;103:2,4;

 105:7;107:3;109:10,10;

 110:5,5;111:6;112:8,12;

 113:11,13;115:6;116:2,

 9;117:11,11,19;118:2,9,

 14;119:24;120:15;

 122:15,16,20,21,21;

 123:23,25;124:22;

 125:5,7;126:14,21;

 127:6,11,17;133:20;

 134:25;137:5,5,6;

 138:25;139:1,5,8;140:6,

 16,19,21,22,23;141:3,

 15,15,16;142:17;

 143:21,24;144:11,19,

 19,20,22,22,23;145:2;

 146:10,12,13,13,14;

 148:20;149:11;151:19;

 152:15,19,22;154:5,6,8,

 9;155:5,16,17,18,22,23,

 23,24;156:4,13,13;

 157:14,19,20,21,22;

 158:18;160:5,22,23,24,

 24,24,25;161:7,13,16;

 162:12;164:23;165:1;

 166:10,11;167:8,11,11,

 15,16,24,25;168:7,10;

 169:1,1,2,12,14,20;

 170:14,15,16,18,22;

 171:7,7,13;172:3,3;

 173:21,22;174:18;

 175:7,15,16;176:2,21,

 22;177:14;179:22;

 180:24;181:3,3,6,8,10,

 11,12,13,15,17,18,19,

 24;182:1,2,3,15,15,16,

 17,17;183:15,17,25,25;

 184:5;187:19;188:20,

 21,24;189:1,2;191:23

weaken (2)

 15:2;152:14

weakened (2)

 19:7;50:16

wealth (1)

 98:17

wean (1)

 51:2

wear (1)

 112:23

wearing (2)

 22:14;47:24

weather (5)

 77:11;100:6;128:10;

 171:8,10

weatherman (1)

 43:18

Web (4)

 56:13;151:23;152:5,9

We'd (4)

 52:9;116:3;146:2;

 159:20

week (3)

 38:21;104:2;143:15

weekend (2)

 91:1;131:15

weeks (3)

 42:3;104:3,4

weighing (1)

 187:7

Weinbaum (5)

 85:9;96:3,5,8,8

Welcome (8)

 8:2;26:24;52:16;63:7;

 137:25;148:13,13;

 162:17

welcoming (1)

 130:2

welfare (1)

 56:8

well (40)

 13:4;34:23;38:6;

 39:19;42:1;55:14;

 59:22;63:17;67:2,14,19,

 19;74:1,8;78:7;81:12;

 84:8;88:17;93:15;

 104:8;108:14;112:17;

 116:1;120:20;121:3;

 128:25;135:5,16;

 140:20;143:15;144:9;

 148:17;169:12;175:15;

 176:14;178:14;179:14;

 183:25;187:5,16

We'll (15)

 8:1;39:6;52:20;54:21,

 24,25;55:3,5;62:25;

 121:23;143:13;150:9;

 158:3;169:20;180:9

well-being (5)

 11:19;40:2;53:15;

 99:6;135:6

we're (28)

 27:25;28:1,3,5;30:6;

 46:4;50:22;52:13;

 56:17,20;69:18;80:15;

 81:10,17;85:2,3,7;

 87:14;101:12;114:8;

 131:11;136:14;138:24;

 143:16;146:12;149:13;

 150:7,8

weren't (2)

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (234) vote - weren't
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

 65:23;86:24

West (1)

 157:1

we've (17)

 43:16;75:4,4,5;83:2;

 110:20;140:12,14;

 155:13,21;161:9,11;

 163:25;167:21;177:2;

 183:24;188:2

whales (1)

 95:17

whaling (2)

 95:15,16

whatever (4)

 86:20;88:14;149:5;

 160:24

what's (6)

 89:6;90:17;107:21;

 136:13;160:16,17

wheelchairs (1)

 22:23

when (66)

 28:20,22,24;29:5,5,7,

 16;30:8;37:14;38:22;

 41:6;42:4;43:18;44:11;

 60:17;63:13,22;64:12;

 67:21;68:15;69:2,3;

 70:24;71:1;74:9;76:1;

 77:11;83:2;87:5;88:21;

 89:1,2;90:18,18;91:17;

 94:6,11;100:5;103:4;

 112:21;114:13;124:6;

 127:5;128:6;134:15;

 137:12;139:24,25;

 141:3;149:9;153:2;

 158:21;159:10;166:10;

 167:8,11,15,25;168:12;

 169:8;173:20;176:5;

 178:22;181:23;186:14;

 190:15

whenever (1)

 144:16

where (28)

 24:1;29:6;31:12;

 47:17;66:22;77:9;

 86:10;87:14;112:1,3;

 127:21;136:9,10,21;

 139:6,18;150:21;

 158:23;164:23;177:2,4,

 8,10,18,20;183:18;

 184:23;188:21

Wherever (2)

 25:25;190:9

whether (7)

 43:17;86:19;88:7;

 92:17;114:14;126:20;

 171:8

which (63)

 13:16;15:14;18:15,

 23;19:2;20:20;27:10;

 28:7;37:4;40:14;43:2;

 45:21;48:16;50:20;

 51:19;56:2;58:2;59:23;

 60:8;67:1;70:12;71:8,

 14,15;72:14;92:10;

 93:2;96:11;97:15,17,25;

 104:13,24;105:2;106:3;

 110:16;114:9;130:15;

 131:10;133:2,16;

 137:15;138:17,19;

 139:3,9,15,24;140:8;

 147:14,25;148:10;

 153:2;162:2;163:4,5;

 167:20;175:23;180:2;

 181:16;187:19;188:4,15

While (16)

 14:20;19:4,15;23:16;

 44:17;45:17;49:18;

 58:8;71:11;88:12;93:1;

 107:22;112:7;114:1,6;

 126:11

white (6)

 64:7;75:16;112:23;

 124:18;142:5;146:17

whiz (1)

 107:24

whole (9)

 15:25;72:22;83:6;

 88:24;157:19,21,24;

 160:8,9

wholeheartedly (2)

 108:8;118:11

whose (6)

 11:10;74:10;99:5;

 117:5;142:17,18

why (19)

 20:25;32:19;44:24;

 45:9;50:21;51:20;

 82:14;95:21;99:24;

 123:18;130:1;142:25;

 144:9;145:5;161:16;

 170:22;176:8;178:25;

 189:18

Wich (5)

 85:10;106:11,13,16;

 109:15

widely (1)

 110:13

wife (6)

 27:11;77:12;99:19,

 22;138:18;141:7

WIJEYEWICKREMA (4)

 33:14,17,19,22

wilderness (1)

 93:16

wildlife (2)

 173:19;190:2

Wilkes-Barre (1)

 12:10

William (4)

 21:17;85:9;99:11,15

willing (4)

 58:15,16;161:14;

 179:8

Wilson (1)

 67:15

win (3)

 115:5;136:20;163:19

win/win (3)

 163:17,18;185:23

wind (1)

 114:1

window (1)

 66:18

windows (2)

 141:7;170:17

winds (1)

 167:25

winter (6)

 64:7;108:4,5,6,7;

 124:7

Winters (1)

 15:15

win-win (2)

 106:24;127:21

Wisconsin (1)

 112:1

wisdom (1)

 37:22

wise (2)

 79:16;98:13

wish (3)

 54:19;58:6;97:20

Wissahickon (2)

 184:19,23

within (7)

 44:2;46:1;75:12;

 92:17;139:8;141:5;

 152:11

Without (13)

 21:12;25:19;51:19;

 67:11;92:23;129:21;

 144:12;152:13;155:2;

 156:2;168:8,9;179:24

woman (2)

 65:20;79:2

WOMEN (7)

 15:9,13;18:3;22:8;

 96:15;97:3;141:8

won (1)

 92:10

wonder (3)

 22:1;60:17;73:2

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 50:12;52:13;87:22;

 143:21;169:4

wondering (1)

 23:20

wonders (1)

 190:12

wood (1)

 144:23

woodlands (1)

 93:16

woods (1)

 88:21

woodsy (1)

 107:7

Woolsey (1)

 73:9

word (1)

 173:15

words (5)

 38:17;79:2;98:16;

 116:25;172:25

work (54)

 11:15,20;24:3;25:5;

 33:22;36:25;37:6;

 43:21;45:1;58:14;65:3;

 66:3;67:3,3;77:9,10;

 84:23,24;104:1,6;105:5,

 10,20;107:5,14;110:8;

 112:8,17;115:24;

 120:17;123:19;125:15;

 132:22;137:13;141:12,

 15;143:2;144:15,17,20;

 146:15,17;147:11,13;

 160:11;161:7,8,9,10;

 167:14;171:13,21,24;

 177:7

workday (1)

 105:19

worked (12)

 17:21;27:23;64:13;

 71:7;100:18;126:6;

 135:21;143:18,18;

 162:4;168:19,19

worker (2)

 135:21;158:13

working (18)

 12:7;20:6;28:5,11;

 41:1;47:20;53:13;

 70:20;93:12;101:3,7,10;

 103:17;141:16;150:25;

 154:1;163:10;171:25

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 11:6,13;56:15;65:25;

 95:9;173:25

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 18:4,7;40:9;66:2,6;

 72:13;77:19;81:1;

 86:10;87:24;88:24;

 91:15,22;92:21;93:22;

 100:15,20;102:19;

 112:13;115:18;117:6;

 118:7;133:16,18;135:5;

 139:11;145:6,7;166:6;

 167:6;168:11;174:10;

 177:1,2,4,8,15,15,17,20;

 181:18;183:23;186:2;

 188:8;189:24

world's (6)

 72:16,22;92:13;

 100:20;117:8;143:12

worldwide (1)

 77:24

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 46:5

worry (3)

 33:19;69:19;80:16

worse (4)

 42:24;65:11;66:14;

 67:6

worship (1)

 155:25

worst (2)

 50:18;101:18

worth (3)

 64:25;103:21;138:12

would (76)

 8:12;10:18;13:23;

 17:7,11;21:1,7,25;

 24:22;25:4,6;26:17;

 34:22;44:15;45:19,21;

 48:1,1;51:18,19;52:5,

 14;55:14;60:18;61:17,

 18;62:3,11;64:9;65:24;

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 178:5;187:12,16;188:1,

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 4,10

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (235) West - would
Public Hearing for Proposed Greenhouse Gas Emissions 

Standards and Fuel Economy Standards January 19, 2012

wouldn't (4)

 92:15;143:24;186:13;

 188:4

Wow (1)

 91:4

wrap (6)

 76:5;134:8;140:16;

 146:8,25;180:1

wrapped (1)

 74:7

writing (1)

 34:19

wrong (3)

 33:20;45:24;111:7

wrote (3)

 67:15;92:8;95:5

X

XVI (1)

 113:8

Y

Yale (3)

 114:5;168:18,24

yard (2)

 64:9;94:2

Yaris (1)

 157:3

yeah (4)

 24:21;46:23;52:1;

 140:17

year (44)

 13:18;17:10;27:23;

 28:1,4,5;31:14;42:16;

 45:18,22;55:5;57:15;

 60:8;61:4;75:16;76:18;

 92:11;97:16;105:1,3,6,

 7;117:25;124:12;

 127:24;130:16;134:5;

 138:8;141:5,5;148:8;

 153:3;156:9;157:18,19;

 159:10,11;163:22;

 168:16;171:19;187:16;

 188:4,21,25

YEARS (91)

 2:4;8:15;9:6;12:13,

 23;14:16;17:23;18:9;

 20:25;21:24;22:18;

 23:21,21;27:15,20;34:3;

 38:19;41:1;45:15;

 47:12;48:14;54:3;56:4;

 64:21;68:15,20;70:21,

 23;72:23;73:1;75:12;

 78:4,22;82:10,12;88:25;

 91:22;92:6;100:9;

 101:3;103:5,13,15,16,

 17,18,19,25;104:1,5,7;

 105:11;107:11;108:20;

 109:4;110:11,15,16,16;

 111:3;118:1,23;119:11;

 121:10;126:7;129:1;

 131:3;132:1;133:1;

 134:15;139:8,15;140:6;

 142:20;152:11;153:4;

 155:4;160:5,23;162:8;

 166:14;167:19,21;

 173:10;177:12,16;

 179:6,10;182:6;183:6;

 186:22

yellow (1)

 90:24

Yes (13)

 24:5;59:7;76:7;82:3;

 93:23;95:1;134:10;

 147:9;156:21;157:21;

 162:12;172:24;175:16

yesterday (1)

 132:20

YOON (1)

 2:22

York (2)

 143:11;185:9

Young (14)

 22:10,23;23:22;41:1;

 50:19;52:16;65:20;

 90:18;91:17;123:24;

 168:12;171:20,23;

 186:12

youngest (1)

 52:23

yourself (1)

 180:13

Z

Zachary (3)

 164:8,10,16

zero (5)

 76:10,17,22;138:12;

 177:22

Min-U-Script® REPORTING ASSOCIATES, LLC 888-795-2323 (236) wouldn't - zero