NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RANDY NUNEZ, on Behalf of Himself and 

All Others Similarly Situated, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

 v. 

SAKS INCORPORATED, a Tennessee 

corporation; DOES, 1-50, Inclusive, 

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 17-56821 

D.C. No. 

3:15-cv-02717-JAH-WVG 

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Southern District of California

John A. Houston, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted May 15, 2019

Pasadena, California

Before: WARDLAW and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and KORMAN,** District 

Judge.

 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The Honorable Edward R. Korman, United States District Judge for 

the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.

FILED

MAY 30 2019

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

Randy Nunez appeals the district court’s dismissal of his Third Amended 

Complaint with prejudice. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We 

reverse and remand.

1. Nunez has both Article III and statutory standing to pursue his individual 

claims for damages under California’s False Advertising Law (FAL), Consumer 

Legal Remedies Act (CLRA), and Unfair Competition Law (UCL). He alleges 

sufficient economic injury: that he purchased a pair of Saks Fifth Avenue branded 

shoes and that he would not have purchased the shoes but for his reliance on the 

allegedly fictitious inflated “Market Price” on the shoes’ price tag. See Kwikset 

Corp. v. Superior Court, 246 P.3d 877, 885, 889–91 (Cal. 2011); Hansen v. 

Newegg.com Ams., Inc., 236 Cal. Rptr. 3d 61, 67, 71 (Ct. App. 2018), review 

denied (Oct. 17, 2018); Hinojos v. Kohl’s Corp., 718 F.3d 1098, 1104–05 (9th Cir. 

2013), as amended on denial of reh’g and reh’g en banc (July 8, 2013). 

2. The district court erred by concluding at the pleading stage that Nunez 

lacked standing to assert claims on behalf of putative class members. Because 

Nunez has demonstrated standing to pursue his individual claims, the district court 

should have deferred consideration of whether he was an adequate class 

representative until the class certification stage of proceedings. See Melendres v. 

Arpaio, 784 F.3d 1254, 1261–62 (9th Cir. 2015).
3 

3. Nunez’s allegations are insufficient to demonstrate standing to pursue 

injunctive relief.

1

 See Davidson v. Kimberly-Clark Corp., 889 F.3d 956, 969–70

(9th Cir.), cert. denied, 139 S. Ct. 640 (2018). Nunez alleges that he may shop at 

Off Fifth in the future, but he has not alleged any intent to purchase a Saks Fifth 

Avenue branded product in the future. Absent such an allegation, Nunez has failed 

to allege that he “may suffer an ‘actual and imminent, not conjectural or 

hypothetical’ threat of future harm.” Id. at 969; see id. at 969–70 (“[T]he threat of 

future harm may be the consumer’s plausible allegations that she will be unable to 

rely on the product’s advertising or labeling in the future, and so will not purchase 

the product although she would like to.”). However, because Nunez filed his Third 

Amended Complaint before we decided Davidson, which resolved the open 

question whether a previously deceived consumer has standing to seek injunctive 

relief for false advertising, id. at 966–67, he should be allowed to amend his 

complaint to allege facts supporting standing to pursue injunctive relief on remand. 

See Doe I v. Nestle USA, Inc., 766 F.3d 1013, 1028 (9th Cir. 2014).

4. The district court erred by concluding that Nunez failed to satisfy Federal 

Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b)’s particularity requirement for his claims under the 

FAL, CLRA, and UCL. Nunez has pleaded “the who, what, when, where, and 

 

1 Saks raised this issue below, but the district court did not rule upon it. We 

have an independent obligation to consider standing on appeal. Am. Civil Liberties 

Union of Nev. v. Lomax, 471 F.3d 1010, 1015 (9th Cir. 2006).
4 

how” of Saks’s alleged misconduct. Kearns v. Ford Motor Co., 567 F.3d 1120, 

1124 (9th Cir. 2009). Nunez alleges he purchased a pair of Saks Fifth Avenue 

branded shoes at an Off Fifth store in San Diego, California (the Where) on July 

15, 2015 (the When). He further alleges that Saks (the Who) used a uniform 

pricing scheme for its price tags for Saks Fifth Avenue branded clothing (the 

What) sold exclusively at Off Fifth stores. These price tags include a fictious 

“Market Price” alongside a “You Pay” price at which the product is sold, but the 

products are never in fact offered for sale or sold at the “Market Price” (the How). 

Nunez also alleges that the “Market Price” is likely to mislead a reasonable 

consumer into believing he is purchasing a discounted product. See Hinojos, 718 

F.3d at 1106 (“Misinformation about a product’s ‘normal’ price is . . . significant 

to many consumers in the same way as a false product label would be.”); see also

Cal. Civ. Code § 1770(a)(13); Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17501. The district court 

did not address whether the claims as pleaded state a cause of action under 

California law, and we express no opinion on that subject.

REVERSED AND REMANDED.