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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-8

INDUSTRY SERIES

Water, Sewer, Pipeline,

and Communications and

Power Line Construction

Industry 1623

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Construction Industries

CC92-I-8

INDUSTRY SERIES

Water, Sewer, Pipeline,

and Communications and

Power Line Construction

Industry 1623

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Issued July 1995
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Construction

Industries. The overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the

Economic Census Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

This report was prepared in the Manufacturing and Construction Division. Barry A. Rappaport,

Assistant Chief for Construction and Mineral Census and Related Programs, was responsible for

the overall planning, management, and coordination of the census of construction industries.

Planning and implementation were under the direction of Patricia L. Horning, Chief, Construction

and Mineral Census Branch, with staff assistance by Juliana Van Berkum, Susan L. Hostetter,

Doris M. Kling, Carolyn J. Stone, and Linda M. Taylor. The sampling plans and variance and

estimation specifications were developed by Dennis K. Duke. Under the direction of C. Lloyd

Anderson, the Systems Support Staff maintained the small computers and assisted in the

management of computer output.

Systems and procedures for mailout, receipt, correspondence, data input, industry classification, other clerical processing, administrative-record processing, quality control, and the associated electronic computer programs, were developed in the Economic Planning and Coordination

Division.

Mailout preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data

keying, and geocoding review were performed by the staff of the Data Preparation Division,

Judith N. Petty, Chief.

Geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs were developed by the staff

of the Geography Division, Joel Morrison, Chief.

The computer processing systems were developed and coordinated in the Economic

Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Paulter, Jr., Chief, and Sarah W.

Baumgardner, Assistant Chief. Samuel Rozenel, Chief, Current Construction Branch, was

responsible for the design and implementation of the computer systems. The computer programs

were prepared under the supervision of Leonard S. Sammarco and Kevin J. Montgomery.

Computer processing was performed in the Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines,

Chief.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and procurement

for the publications and report forms. Bernadette J. Gayle provided publication coordination and

editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4680.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

David W. Cartwright, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, finance, insurance, and real estate,

as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The

economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now

collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

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Census of Construction

GENERAL

The 1992 Census of Construction Industries covers all

employer establishments (establishments with payroll) primarily engaged in contract construction or construction on

their own account for sale as defined in the Standard

Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC). This industrial classification system has been developed by experts

on classification in government and private industry under

the guidance of the Office of Management and Budget and

is in general use among government agencies and among

organizations outside the government.

Contract construction. The SIC manual defines construction in three broad types of activity:

1. Building construction by general contractors or by

operative builders. General building contractors are

primarily engaged in the construction of dwellings,

office buildings, stores, farm buildings, and other building projects. Operative builders who build on their own

account for sale are also included here. However,

investment builders who build structures on their own

account for rent are classified in Real Estate.

2. Heavy construction general contractors. Heavy construction general contractors are primarily engaged in

the construction of highways, bridges, pipelines, sewers and water lines, marine construction, power, and

petro-chemical plants and other nonbuilding construction projects. Special trade contractors are classified

in heavy construction, if they are specifically engaged

in the following activities: grading for highway and

airport runways; guardrail construction; installation of

highway signs; asphalt and concrete construction of

roads, highways, streets, and public sidewalks; trenching, cable laying; conduit construction; underwater

rock removal; pipeline wrapping; or land clearing and

leveling.

3. Constructionby other specialtrade contractors. These

contractors include plumbers, painters, carpenters,

electricians, brick layers, roofers, etc. For the most

part, they perform their work at the site of construction,

although they may also have shops where they perform work incidental to the job site.

General contractors in both the building and the heavy

construction field usually assume responsibility for an

entire construction project, but may subcontract to others

all of the actual construction work or those portions of the

project requiring special skills or equipment. Special trade

contractors may work for general contractors, for other

subcontractors, or may work directly for the owner of the

property.

Each establishment receiving a questionnaire was requested

to report the percent of total dollar value of business done

for each kind-of-business activity engaged in during 1992.

This information was used for the computer assignment of

appropriate industry classifications. During this work, various tests were also made using other data reported on the

questionnaire. The proportion of construction work to total

business was checked to verify that the establishment was

primarily in construction. Also taken into consideration

were the types of structures worked on during the year and

the extent of work undertaken for other contractors.

Construction establishments often engage in various

construction activities. It is necessary, however, to assign

a single industry code to the establishment based on its

major activity. Therefore, the statistics shown for an industry reflect not only the primary activity of the establishments in the industry but also their secondary activities.

The industry reports, however, do present data on the

extent of secondary activities.

Prior to 1992, this census also included one industry

classified in the Real Estate area, SIC 6552, Land Subdividers and Developers, Except Cemeteries. This industry

is covered in the 1992 Census of Financial, Insurance,

and Real Estate Industries.

ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of construction industries is conducted on

an establishment basis. A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is

defined as a relatively permanent office or other place of

business where the usual business activities related to

construction are conducted. With some exceptions, a

relatively permanent office is one which has been established for the management of more than one project or job

and which is expected to be maintained on a continuing

basis. Such ‘‘establishment’’ activities include, but are not

limited to estimating, bidding, purchasing, supervising, and

operation of the actual construction work being conducted

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

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at one or more construction sites. Separate construction

reports were not required for each project or construction

site.

Companies with more than one construction establishment were required to submit a separate report for each

establishment operated during all or any part of 1992. The

census of construction industries figures represent a summary of records for individual establishments rather than

for companies.

If an establishment was engaged in construction and

one or more distinctly different lines of economic activity

(wholesale or retail trade, service, manufacturing, mining,

etc.) at the same place of business, it was requested to file

a separate report for each activity, provided that the

activity was of substantial size and separate records were

maintained or substantially accurate estimates could be

prepared.

If a separate establishment report could not be prepared for each activity, then a construction report was

requested covering all activities of that establishment

providing that the 1992 value of construction work exceeded

the gross receipts from each of its other activities.

Construction businesses with no payroll during 1992

(nonemployers) were not required to file census reports.

Tabulation of data for these businesses are based on

administrative records and are shown only in U.S. summary publications and the geographic area reports series.

Refer to the section on ‘‘Sample Design’’ for details.

Foreign construction activities were not included in this

census.

SAMPLE DESIGN, ESTIMATION PROCEDURES,

AND RELIABILITY OF ESTIMATES

The companies included in the 1992 Census of Construction Industries were identified as part of an operation

common to all 1992 Economic Censuses. Construction

companies were divided into employers (companies with

payroll) and nonemployers (companies without payroll).

Statistical information for the employers was obtained in

the census by a survey which included all medium size and

large employers and a sample of the smaller ones. Census

reports were not required from the nonemployers. Statistics on nonemployers were obtained from administrative

records of other agencies of the Federal Government.

Employer Companies

Developing the sampling frame for employer companies. This operation started with obtaining a list of all

construction companies in the active records of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which were subject to payment

of Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) taxes. The

basic source for this list has been the Internal Revenue

Service Business Master File, a comprehensive list of

companies engaged in business activities in the United

States. The file contains the name, address, and form of

ownership of each company and also indicates whether or

not the company is subject to the FICA. Each company in

this file is assigned a unique employer identification (EI)

number which it uses in filing its various reports with the

IRS. The Social Security Administration (SSA) maintains a

similar list using the same identification numbers, which

also contains information on the industrial classification of

each company. The Bureau of the Census obtained both of

these lists and combined them.

Under special arrangements which safeguarded the

confidentiality of the information, the Bureau also obtained

administrative-record data on payrolls and receipts and

added these data to the combined list. The list, thus

created from the IRS-SSA information, was a list of employer

companies. However, for the 1992 Economic Census the

basic reporting unit is the ‘‘establishment.’’ Therefore,

steps were taken to identify the individual establishments

of those companies which operate more than one place of

business. The information for making this determination

was obtained by means of the Company Organization

Survey (COS), an annual canvass of all known multiestablishment companies and large single-establishment companies. Thus, the 1992 Economic Census list for singleestablishment employer companies was obtained from the

IRS-SSA, but the list of establishments of multiestablishment employer companies was obtained directly from

those companies in the COS. Refer to the section on

‘‘Establishment Basis for Reporting’’ for details.

In general, the IRS-SSA list provided sufficient industrial

classification data to assign a company to the proper

economic census, but there were a number of companies

for which this information was inadequate or unavailable. A

special form, NC-9923, General Schedule, was mailed to

all such companies, requesting information on the nature

of the company’s activities. From the information reported,

the company was given an industrial classification code

and assigned to the appropriate economic census. Since

construction companies found in this way were identified

only after the regular census mailing had taken place, they

were treated as a supplement to the basic list.

Selecting the employer sample. The sample was designed

to provide reliable State and metropolitan area estimates

for each construction industry. It consisted of all construction establishments in multiestablishment companies, all

single-establishment companies with 1991 administrative

payroll of $480,000 or more and a probability sample of

single-establishment companies with payroll under that

amount. Supplementing the sample were construction

companies identified from the NC-9923, General Schedule. Also affecting the sample were the misclassified

companies; i.e., companies included in the samples of

other trade areas which reported they were construction

companies and companies originally classified in construction which reported they were not construction companies.

Of the 547,000 single-establishment employer companies initially classified as construction companies, 158,000

were included in the sample. All of the 11,000 establishments of multiestablishment companies were included in

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the sample. There was a net increase in the sample of

48,000 establishments resulting from establishments originally unclassified (receiving the NC-9923) or misclassified.

The probability sample of the smaller single-establishment

companies was a stratified random sample. Strata were

formed from all establishments with the same initial fourdigit SIC code, in the same State, in the same metropolitan

area, or in the balance of the State, and in the same size

class based on estimated total employment. If the fourdigit SIC code for an establishment was incomplete, the

establishment was placed in a stratum for miscellaneous

companies. Because they were small, all companies were

included in the sample for the following three industries:

SIC 1622, Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway Construction Contractors; SIC 1795, Wrecking and Demolition Work

Special Trade Contractors; and SIC 1796, Installation or

Erection of Building Equipment Special Trade Contractors.

Estimation procedures for 1992 and 1987 data. Since

all larger employer companies and some smaller ones

were included in the census, sample estimation was

required only for the universe of companies not selected

with certainty. The published statistics are the totals of the

estimates for the sampled companies and the aggregates

for the certainty companies. All estimates for 1992 and

1987 published here are simple unbiased estimates of the

form:

n

c

x’

c = Σ xi

/ pi

i =1

where: x’

c is the simple unbiased estimate of a characteristic for a publication cell.

x

i is the reported value of a characteristic for

an individual establishment in the publication cell.

p

i is the selection probability of that firm.

n

c is the number of firms in the sample for the

cell.

Data for certain characteristics were reported as a

percentage of the dollar value of business done. Before

this formula was applied to those characteristics, it was

necessary to convert the reported percentages into dollars.

Reliability of employer statistics. Since the estimates

for employer establishments in these reports are based on

the samples, they are subject to sampling variability and

may be expected to differ from results which would have

been obtained if a complete census had been taken using

the same forms and procedures. The sampling errors

shown in the tables were estimated directly from the

sample reports, using methods appropriate for the sample

design and form of estimation used. The relative standard

error is a measure of sampling variability; i.e., the variation

that might occur by chance because only a sample of the

population is surveyed. As calculated for this report, the

relative standard error also partially reflects the effect of

random errors of response and processing, but it does not

take into account the effect of any consistent biases due to

those types of errors. The chances are about 68 out of 100

that an estimate from the sample would differ from a

complete census by less than the relative standard error.

The chances are about 95 out of 100 that the difference is

less than twice the relative standard error and about 99 out

of 100 that it is less than 2-1/ 2 times the relative standard

error. Individual estimates with large relative standard

errors have been shown in the published tables. Any such

estimates should be used with caution. The very large

relative standard errors generally occur for the smaller

estimates.

Relative standard errors have been calculated for all of

the published statistics, although they are shown for each

statistic only in the tables presenting detailed statistics.

Other tables show relative standard errors only for certain

characteristics because of lack of space.

As calculated for this report, the relative standard error

measures certain nonsampling errors, but does not measure any systematic biases in the data. Bias is the difference, averaged over all possible samples with the same

size and design, between the estimates and the true value

being estimated. Nonsampling errors can be attributed to

many sources: inability to obtain information about all

cases in the sample; definitional difficulties; differences in

interpretation of questions; inability or unwillingness of

respondents to provide correct information; and errors

made in processing the data. Although no direct measurements of the biases have been obtained, it is believed that

most of the important response and operational errors

were detected in the course of reviewing the data for

reasonableness and consistency.

A potential source of bias is in the imputation for those

establishments that have not responded by the time of

final publication. Data were estimated for establishments

that did not report by that date, although selected establishments were contacted again to obtain as much information on the telephone as possible. Some publication

cells in which more than 40 percent of the data were not

reported have been suppressed.

Nonemployer Companies

As described earlier, the information derived from the

business income tax returns of all companies was matched

to the census employer file on the basis of common

identification numbers. Those business income tax returns

which could not be matched were further classified on the

basis of several characteristics. Returns with characteristics consistent with companies without payroll were treated

as nonemployers. The nonemployer construction companies were not required to file census reports.

For ‘‘number of establishments,’’ each separate income

tax return was assumed to be an establishment. ‘‘All

business receipts’’ was based on receipts information

reported on the tax return.

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Since no sampling was involved in the nonemployer

establishments, the statistics for nonemployers are not

subject to sampling variability. However, these data are

subject to an unknown amount of reporting and processing

errors which could not be detected by the Census Bureau.

CENSUS REPORT FORMS

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries was obtained from employer establishments primarily

through the use of 22 questionnaires, determined by

industry classification and size. Standard forms and short

forms were developed for each of the following SIC

groups: 15, 16, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, and

179. Establishments with 1991 administrative payroll of

$1,080,000 or more all received the standard form. For

those sample establishments with payroll under that amount,

half received the standard form and half received the short

form. The short forms covered only major items and

omitted some of the detail found in the longer forms.

In reviewing and developing the questionnaires,

comments and recommendations were elicited from

construction trade associations and advisory groups.

Also, approximately 6,000 establishments in SIC’s 1521,

1629, and 1799 were surveyed in the Census of Construction Industries 1989 Pretest. This survey consisted of four

panels which received one of four experimental questionnaries and one panel which received the control questionnaire. Along with the questionnaire, these establishments

received an evaluation questionnaire, which requested

information about respondents’ reactions to the questionnaire, problems in completing the questionnaire, and how

long it took to complete the questionnaire. Results from

the 1989 Pretest questionnaire are reflected as reworded

questions, improved instructions, and restructured value of

business questions in the 1992 questionnaires.

DATA PROCESSING

The 1992 census report forms were mailed out in

December 1992. They were mailed from and returned to

the Census Bureau’s Data Preparation Division in Jeffersonville, IN, where routine editing and coding of the report

forms were also accomplished. Collection of these report

forms was essentially completed in July 1993.

The returned reports underwent extensive processing.

A preliminary edit done at the time of data entry identified

obviously deficient reports and reports needing clarification. When necessary, these problems were resolved by

further contact with the respondents. Next, the data were

transmitted to Census Bureau headquarters near Washington, DC.

Data records, then, underwent a detailed computer

review and analysis. The records containing significant

problems were referred for further analytical review and, if

necessary, contacts were made with the respondents. The

computer performed most classification coding (such as

industry coding, geographic coding, and size coding), and

imputation for missing items or for reports not received in

time for tabulation. The imputation was performed on an

industry (or industry group) and State (or geographic

group) basis using all available response and administrative data.

The data records were then tabulated on an industry

basis. Industry totals were subjected to analytical review,

and selected statistics were prepared for the preliminary

reports. Corrections resulting from this review were made

to the computer records and final tabulations were produced.

The review of a preliminary report for an industry often

uncovered the need for corrections or revisions to the data

for another industry for which a preliminary report had

already been published. The final reports incorporate all

revisions and corrections made during the review of the

preliminary reports and contain considerable more data

than were published in those reports.

GEOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION

Information for the 1992 Census of Construction Industries’

final industry report series is classified on the basis of two

types of geographic distributions: (1) physical location of

the establishment, and (2) location of construction work. A

separate code was assigned on each basis allowing us to

present data by both physical location of the establishment

and location of construction work.

The geographic area reports series presents similar

data by industry for each State (physical location of the

establishment) and for selected MSA’s, CMSA’s and PMSA’s.

CHANGE IN COLLECTION METHODOLOGY FOR

VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK DONE

In 1987 and 1992, the ‘‘value of construction work’’ was

collected to better measure actual construction activity

done during the year. In 1992, this item was collected as a

total of three separate items. These items ( receipts from

construction contract work, value of speculative construction work, and value of construction work done for own

use) were collected separately to emphasize construction

activity that had been poorly reported in previous censuses.

Receipts from the sale of land were not collected

separately in 1992, as in 1987, but are still excluded from

the value of construction work done.

All dollar values are shown in current dollars for the

years specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

DUPLICATION IN VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION

WORK

The aggregate of value of construction work reported by

all construction establishments in each of the several

industry, geographic area, or other groupings in this census contains varying amounts of duplication, since the

construction work of one firm may be subcontracted to

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other construction firms and may also be included in the

subcontractors’ value of construction work. To avoid this

duplication, a ‘‘net’’ value of construction work figure has

been derived for each establishment by subtracting the

costs for construction work subcontracted to others from

the value of construction work.

Duplication in value of business between other construction and nonconstruction industries results from the use of

products of these other industries as input materials by

construction establishments. ‘‘Value added’’ avoids this

duplication and is, for most purposes, the best measure for

comparing the relative economic importance of industries

or areas. ‘‘Value added’’ is defined in the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries as equal to dollar value of business

done less costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and payments for materials, components, supplies,

and fuels.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Construction Industries may be obtained on computer

tape or in tabular form. The data will be in summary form

and subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of

confidential information (including name, address, kind of

business, or other data for individual business establishments or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact and detailed

specifications of the type and format of the data to be

provided, should be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing

and Construction Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

To discuss a special tabulation before submitting specifications, call 301-457-4680.

COMPARABILITY OF CENSUS OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES DATA WITH

OTHER DATA

Data contained in the reports of the 1992 Census of

Construction Industries are not the same as the data

published in the Census Bureau’s monthly Construction

Reports, Series C30, Value of New Construction Put in

Place. The main difference is that the C30 series covers all

new construction put in place without regard to who is

performing the construction activity; whereas, the construction census figures cover both new construction and

maintenance and repair work done by establishments

classified in the construction industry. Significant amounts

of construction are done by establishments classified

outside of construction (in real estate, manufacturing,

utilities, and communications, for example), both as ‘‘force

account’’ construction and construction done for others. In

addition, the value in place series includes constructionrelated expenses such as architectural and engineering

costs and the costs of materials supplied by owners which

are normally not reflected in the census of construction

industries.

Data contained in the reports of the census of construction industries may also differ from industry data in ‘‘Employment and Earnings Statistics,’’ published by the Bureau of

Labor Statistics and ‘‘Statistics of Income,’’ published by

the Internal Revenue Service. These differences arise

from varying definitions of scope, coverage, timing, classification, and methodology.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

* Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.

** Represents the sum of all employees during

pay periods including 12th of March, May,

August, and November, divided by 4.

- Represents zero.

† Represents value of construction work less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others. (See Duplication in Value of Construction Work.)

†† Represents dollar value of business done less

costs for construction work subcontracted to

others and costs for materials, components,

supplies, and fuels. In 1987, for SIC 1531, land

receipts were collected as a component of

dollar value of business and, therefore, were

subtracted from this value. (See Duplication in

Value of Construction Work.)

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards on the basis of either the

response rate, associated relative standard

error, or a consistency review.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half of the unit shown.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION IX
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

Statistics For the

United States By State

By

employment

size

By

size class of dollar value of business done

By type, class,

kind of business,

and location of

construction1

By

specialization

in types of

construction

Assets and depreciation (gross book value):

Beginning of year—buildings, machinery, and

equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

End of year—total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

End of year—buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . 3

Depreciation charges during year—

buildings, machinery, and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Capital expenditures:

Total capital expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 3 1 5 6

New buildings—machinery and equipment. . . . . . . . . . 3

Used buildings—machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . 3

Communication services, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Employees:

All employees—average number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers—average number . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 9 1, 9

Construction workers—quarterly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9 9

Other employees—average number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Other employees—quarterly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Establishments—number in business during year . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 1, 9 5 6 8

Fringe benefits—legally required and voluntary

expenditures .................................. 2

Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Materials, components, supplies, and fuels—costs for . . 1, 2 1 5 6

Ownership—private or government owned . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Payroll:

First-quarter, all employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Annual:

All employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Construction workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1

Other employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Power, fuels, and lubricants—costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Proprietors and working partners. . . . . . . . . . ......... 2

Ratios, selected industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13

Receipts and value:

Dollar value of business done, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 11 5 6 11

Value of construction work, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10 1, 10 5 6 7, 10 8

For work subcontracted in from others . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2

Other business receipts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Net value of construction work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Value added. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Rental costs:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2 1 5 6

For machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

For buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to buildings and other structures . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Repairs to machinery and equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Subcontract work to others, costs for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2, 8 1 5 6 8

Note: Data for 1987 and earlier years are also available in some of these tables.

1

Type—buildings, roads, etc. Class—new construction; additions, alterations, or reconstruction; or maintenance and repair work.

X USERS’ GUIDE CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
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Contents

Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and

 Communications and Power Line

 Construction

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Construction V ...........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number X ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

FIGURES

1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction 3 ............................

2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done 3 .............................

TABLES

Statistics for Establishments With Payroll

1. General Statistics by State: 1992 and 1987 4 ...................................

2. Detailed Statistics: 1992 and Earlier Census Years 6 .............................

3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation: 1992 and 1987 7 .................

4. Value of Inventories: 1992 and 1991 7 .........................................

5. Selected Statistics by Employment Size Class: 1992 and 1987 8 ..................

6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done: 1992 and

1987 ...................................................................... 8

7. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction: 1992 and 1987 9 ............

8. Selected Statistics by Specialization in Types of Construction: 1992 10 .............

9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment by State: 1992 11 .....................

10. Value of Construction Work by Location of Construction Work: 1992 and 1987 12 ...

11. Dollar Value of Business Done by Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987 13 ...... 12. Selected Industry Ratios: 1992 and 1987 14 ..................................... 13. Selected Industry Ratios by State: 1992 15 ......................................

Statistics for Establishments Without Payroll appear in the U.S. Industry

Summary Report.

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 ........................................................

B. Standard Industrial Classification Titles for Industry Groups and Industries B–1 ........

C. Geographic Divisions and States C–1 ..............................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

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Summary of Findings

Establishments classified in this industry are primarily

engaged in the construction of pipelines, communication

and power lines, and sewer and water mains. It also

includes construction of pumping stations, television and

radio towers, cable laying, cable television line construction, and telephone lines. For additional examples, refer to

the Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 19871 (SIC)

published by the Office of Management and Budget,

Executive Office of the President.

During 1992, the establishments with paid employees

classified in this industry accounted for $20.4 billion in total

dollar value of business. Of this amount, $20.2 billion were

for the value of construction work. These establishments

paid out $5.5 billion for materials, components, and supplies and $2.6 billion for construction work subcontracted

to others. Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants

for the industry were $592 million. Value added for 1992

was $11.7 billion.

There were 10,233 establishments with total employment averaging 194,252 during the year. Total payroll for

1992 was $5.6 billion.

Larger establishments with 20 employees or more,

while representing only 24 percent of the total number of

employer establishments in this industry, accounted for 76

percent of all business done.

A ‘‘construction establishment’’ is defined as a relatively

permanent office, or other place of business, where the

usual business activities related to construction are conducted. A separate census report was required from each

sampled establishment covering domestic operations. Separate reports were not, however, required for each project or

construction site.

For 1987 and earlier censuses, receipts from the sale of

land were collected separately for general contractors and

operative builders. These receipts were included in the

total dollar value of business done but excluded from the

value of construction work done. For 1992, receipts from

the sale of land were not collected separately but are still

excluded from the value of construction work done. All

dollar values are shown in current dollars for the years

specified and have not been adjusted for inflation.

The data in this report are estimated from a sample

survey and are subject to sampling variability as well as

errors of response and nonreporting. The relative standard

error shown in the tables is a measure of sampling

variability. Descriptions of the sampling, estimating procedures, and data reliability are included in the introduction.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

8–2 WATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES
Figure 2. Selected Costs per Dollar Value of Business Done

(Percent)

1992

1987

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES WATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES 8-3

Figure 1. Value of Construction Work by Type of Construction

(Percent)

1992

1987

Payroll, all employees

 Materials, components, and supplies

 Construction work subcontracted

 out to others

 Rental costs for machinery,

 equipment, and buildings

Selected purchased services:

 Communications, repairs to buildings,

 machinery, and equipment

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants

27.5

26.2

26.9

27.4

12.8

11.3

2.9

2.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

Sewers, sewer lines, septic

systems and related facilities

Power and communication

transmission lines, towers

and related facilities

Pipeline construction other

than sewer and water lines

Water mains and

related facilities

Highways, streets, and related

work such as installation of guard

rails, highway signs, lighting, etc.

Sewage treatment and

water treatment plants

27.7

30.7

23.7

20.4

21.6

15.3

18.5

19.7

3.4

3.7

1.6

1.9
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Table 1. General Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

1992

Employees** Payroll

Number of

establish- ments AllConstruction workersAll employeesConstruction workers

Valueof construction work

Net

valueof construction work†

Value added††

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies, and fuels

AB C D E FGH I

United States 10 ------------------------ 233 194 252 160 105 5 624 369 4 252 249 20 205 048 17 587 363 11 734 058 6 078 014

Alabama 167 ------------------------------------- 3 082 2 554 63 870 45 806 264 735 226 169 134 470 96 746

Alaska 37 --------------------------------------- 928 760 37 529 27 105 90 218 84 868 69 496 18 190

Arizona 150 -------------------------------------- 3 222 2 596 97 439 70 678 277 210 259 396 183 186 80 278

Arkansas 158 ------------------------------------- 1 748 1 434 35 171 27 097 124 232 110 159 73 093 38 538

California 999 ------------------------------------- 17 666 14 358 602 630 451 583 2 296 243 2 011 366 1 289 149 743 007

Colorado 212 ------------------------------------- 3 782 3 145 98 554 76 659 401 745 346 314 232 961 121 481

Connecticut 105 ----------------------------------- 1 437 1 063 56 183 37 437 180 139 122 811 86 127 38 948

Delaware 21 ------------------------------------- 1 348 1 143 48 414 38 391 125 057 109 600 78 345 31 372

District of Columbia *6 --------------------------- 164 143 *3 380 *2 704 *9 768 *8 249 4 489 *3 759

Florida 561 --------------------------------------- 11 394 9 400 240 748 178 599 945 905 785 993 485 955 307 313

Georgia 352 -------------------------------------- 6 077 4 935 136 427 102 783 546 358 483 214 285 575 204 540

Hawaii 23 --------------------------------------- 565 460 23 127 15 848 91 978 73 091 51 684 22 477

Idaho 54 ---------------------------------------- 795 678 21 348 16 296 69 546 62 595 44 954 18 534

Illinois 369 ---------------------------------------- 7 401 6 091 277 275 218 916 963 444 817 951 581 041 249 059

Indiana 211 --------------------------------------- 6 207 5 107 177 226 125 224 545 463 492 343 342 353 157 058

Iowa 105 ----------------------------------------- 1 110 927 33 202 25 519 132 853 115 291 89 268 28 739

Kansas 202 --------------------------------------- 3 075 2 547 79 274 61 326 267 873 237 708 171 826 70 804

Kentucky 162 ------------------------------------- 2 442 1 958 51 568 38 195 180 577 160 204 105 663 57 395

Louisiana 203 ------------------------------------- 4 521 3 816 106 986 81 452 426 381 378 073 250 499 128 789

Maine 38 ---------------------------------------- 642 498 17 224 12 420 76 519 60 142 42 683 22 178

Maryland 155 ------------------------------------- 4 669 3 904 122 000 90 665 369 847 331 023 213 993 120 499

Massachusetts 249 -------------------------------- 3 007 2 373 97 329 69 665 390 419 314 118 196 178 122 946

Michigan 363 ------------------------------------- 6 034 4 954 197 119 146 809 739 506 641 658 413 037 236 517

Minnesota 204 ------------------------------------ 2 963 2 447 90 605 67 483 389 497 326 100 202 809 128 406

Mississippi 98 ------------------------------------ 2 151 1 869 48 379 39 442 171 646 151 275 93 778 57 726

Missouri 223 -------------------------------------- 3 647 2 985 102 713 76 209 395 061 341 325 219 067 125 994

Montana 52 ------------------------------------- 613 513 18 480 13 973 52 728 49 438 35 371 14 648

Nebraska 95 ------------------------------------- 1 179 926 29 944 22 796 186 223 158 051 54 957 105 918

Nevada 53 -------------------------------------- 1 165 939 39 246 30 428 142 783 128 278 81 442 47 693

New Hampshire 36 ------------------------------- 432 356 10 925 7 549 34 125 30 745 21 786 9 333

New Jersey 223 ----------------------------------- 4 967 4 040 199 617 149 056 688 829 610 053 437 381 182 420

New Mexico 80 ---------------------------------- 2 813 2 469 64 518 50 683 198 271 175 257 128 495 49 525

New York 455 ------------------------------------ 7 766 6 193 269 170 206 139 922 895 815 585 597 590 233 792

North Carolina 423 -------------------------------- 7 707 6 402 183 928 138 133 643 172 551 599 361 668 194 646

North Dakota 49 --------------------------------- 576 487 15 110 11 750 69 060 58 256 32 419 26 610

Ohio 340 ----------------------------------------- 6 479 5 276 186 741 144 667 692 701 609 504 393 386 220 929

Oklahoma 216 ------------------------------------ 3 456 2 850 115 030 88 234 340 756 292 327 228 901 65 562

Oregon 174 -------------------------------------- 2 547 2 101 78 770 61 708 280 493 248 435 177 293 72 556

Pennsylvania 344 --------------------------------- 9 096 7 425 270 758 210 672 831 280 740 870 509 160 237 817

Rhode Island 24 --------------------------------- 426 340 12 786 10 241 52 138 45 177 31 849 13 424

South Carolina 187 -------------------------------- 2 788 2 347 58 300 44 983 211 453 183 697 109 676 77 234

South Dakota 55 --------------------------------- 719 608 21 493 14 645 70 965 60 787 39 081 25 896

Tennessee 191 ----------------------------------- 3 273 2 780 68 830 53 208 296 554 258 409 147 021 111 649

Texas 792 ---------------------------------------- 16 874 14 133 511 062 393 951 1 946 019 1 690 410 1 160 954 545 081

Utah 81 ----------------------------------------- 1 523 1 220 36 245 28 005 131 398 117 992 70 541 51 252

Vermont 27 -------------------------------------- 278 241 6 922 5 428 24 649 20 280 14 022 6 391

Virginia 292 --------------------------------------- 8 438 7 199 203 119 156 625 636 711 558 734 381 968 179 277

Washington 275 ----------------------------------- 4 516 3 644 156 683 113 067 578 885 486 728 334 498 166 447

West Virginia 89 --------------------------------- 1 782 1 470 55 868 38 561 154 245 144 719 115 886 31 430

Wisconsin 215 ------------------------------------ 3 902 3 287 126 066 98 860 478 261 438 085 289 464 149 616

Wyoming 37 ------------------------------------- 860 716 19 039 14 578 68 232 62 909 37 572 27 573

8–4nnWATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Location

of

establishment

1992mCon. 1987

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to othersValue of construction work subcontracted in from othersRental

cost for machinery,

equipment,

and buildings

Capital

expenditures, other than land

End-of-year

gross

book value of depreciable assets

All employees**

Value of construction work

Value added††

J K L M N O P Q BGM

2 617 685 3 763 945 753 998 765 509 6 980 524 197 632 17 010 019 10 089 749 1 (Z) 2 U.S.

38 566 69 126 7 452 8 377 80 590 3 519 229 765 133 635 5 6 12 AL

5 350 8 820 4 601 9 995 66 690 969 138 542 84 069 2 2 3 AK

17 814 70 608 14 045 15 890 72 130 2 812 232 527 138 571 5 3 14 AZ

14 073 22 901 2 597 8 080 64 706 1 777 125 741 67 844 6 7 15 AR

284 877 580 060 89 011 61 608 617 380 19 119 2 101 952 1 238 137 2 1 5 CA

55 432 69 665 19 853 13 597 131 684 3 928 301 407 172 548 5 4 11 CO

57 327 19 874 3 679 2 944 96 365 2 303 214 898 139 151 5 4 10 CT

15 458 14 546 3 371 2 279 39 924 970 (D) 33 831 1 1 2 DE

*1 519 646 (S) 177 483 50 (D) 1 658 35 47 (Z) DC

159 912 232 297 25 367 31 440 310 156 13 953 1 031 670 579 351 2 2 7 FL

63 144 87 526 13 940 19 347 181 507 7 813 846 225 508 260 3 3 13 GA

18 887 16 995 1 252 1 621 33 314 626 76 797 40 167 3 2 (Z) HI

6 952 7 816 (S) 6 370 34 090 591 35 480 22 939 10 8 25 ID

145 494 162 380 26 007 36 430 336 948 5 715 657 443 353 466 3 2 8 IL

53 120 57 376 15 242 18 016 209 348 5 410 356 448 224 446 3 2 4 IN

17 562 35 081 5 351 *7 993 68 065 1 040 100 392 58 734 5 4 42 IA

30 165 48 088 9 569 13 723 93 112 1 904 156 902 82 979 4 3 7 KS

20 373 29 596 6 927 10 117 69 598 2 250 169 508 90 438 5 5 14 KY

48 308 26 817 18 649 13 119 105 419 4 035 273 229 166 885 5 4 12 LA

16 377 24 837 1 259 2 916 44 189 932 103 797 61 580 7 6 5 ME

38 824 117 889 10 165 8 632 153 771 4 568 320 870 187 042 3 2 12 MD

76 301 98 093 13 426 14 789 142 490 3 378 358 332 224 219 5 4 11 MA

97 848 145 705 23 959 36 881 326 045 4 811 505 274 282 096 3 3 12 MI

63 396 88 660 9 318 17 947 166 631 3 427 447 500 223 667 4 3 12 MN

20 371 17 167 5 731 5 165 47 919 2 583 142 412 88 670 5 6 15 MS

53 736 82 239 13 451 20 371 152 833 2 966 272 319 156 472 4 3 7 MO

3 289 *2 653 2 519 2 745 18 227 662 56 186 34 282 11 8 22 MT

28 172 32 389 5 674 6 025 40 568 1 388 75 620 34 900 10 8 21 NE

14 505 40 530 4 533 5 398 49 723 666 69 641 41 770 5 4 2 NV

3 380 8 432 561 1 283 20 352 776 64 422 40 062 13 13 31 NH

78 776 112 398 26 075 15 954 190 930 5 343 547 106 348 243 3 2 6 NJ

23 014 28 277 11 501 7 270 73 310 1 820 136 787 82 101 5 5 9 NM

107 310 161 456 30 995 21 759 249 488 6 771 682 317 445 462 2 2 17 NY

91 573 151 608 14 037 36 469 311 887 10 347 678 904 413 071 3 3 9 NC

10 804 11 125 3 123 3 028 29 004 397 29 751 17 308 10 12 25 ND

83 197 106 591 22 018 30 874 252 278 6 402 581 918 360 060 3 4 13 OH

48 430 60 260 18 874 14 764 136 702 3 097 224 745 164 829 4 4 9 OK

32 057 63 239 16 778 12 368 88 879 1 458 126 868 64 772 4 4 13 OR

90 410 152 498 28 558 36 738 315 953 8 888 695 293 474 065 4 2 6 PA

6 961 7 290 1 197 939 13 450 686 62 913 36 510 6 23 32 RI

27 756 66 539 5 336 6 949 86 896 3 170 184 473 114 204 5 5 20 SC

10 178 8 948 1 061 2 989 23 584 382 27 659 16 441 7 8 22 SD

38 145 24 644 5 125 9 868 101 638 4 424 372 000 203 684 4 5 14 TN

255 609 214 077 126 376 60 076 454 744 18 995 1 480 544 833 497 2 2 9 TX

13 407 18 453 8 458 9 549 49 795 1 321 108 597 62 338 8 7 36 UT

4 369 4 214 867 877 16 464 379 27 121 17 261 8 7 25 VT

77 977 138 277 20 657 27 365 332 806 9 849 677 443 412 314 2 2 6 VA

92 157 122 414 20 135 29 007 209 982 3 143 355 794 196 174 2 2 8 WA

9 526 7 386 5 477 5 920 63 812 1 769 100 584 77 029 3 2 10 WV

40 177 73 944 22 471 23 402 173 853 3 500 327 181 203 108 3 4 12 WI

5 322 11 497 3 198 6 069 30 813 528 57 373 35 387 11 8 39 WY

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Table 2. Detailed Statistics for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of

estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1982 1977 1992 1987 1982 1977

Number of establishments in business during year 10 -------------------------------------------------- 233 9 919 9 413 10 227 1 1 1 2

Proprietors and working partners ------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 168 1 726 2 132 4 035 4 6 4 4

All employees** --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 194 252 197 632 186 674 198 354 1 1 (Z) 1

Construction workers:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 013 143 795 141 459 145 807 1 1 (Z) 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159 812 166 855 164 683 173 244 1 1 (Z) 1

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174 938 179 450 174 921 191 548 1 1 (Z) 1

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168 658 173 426 157 412 181 368 1 1 1 1

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 105 165 879 160 473 173 093 1 1 (Z) 1

Other employees:

March -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 459 31 509 26 080 24 839 1 1 1 1

May---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 789 31 506 (NA) (NA) 1 1 1 (NA)

August ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 353 32 047 (NA) (NA) 1 1 1 (NA)

November ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 985 31 947 (NA) (NA) 1 1 1 (NA)

Average ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 146 31 753 (NA) (NA) 1 1 1 (NA)

Payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 624 369 4 513 295 3 576 338 2 837 270 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, construction workers-------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 252 249 3 427 722 2 906 789 2 347 495 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z)

Payroll, other employees ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 372 120 1 085 573 669 549 489 775 1 1 (Z) (Z)

First-quarter payroll, all employees ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 128 019 920 498 737 855 523 281 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Fringe benefits, all employees -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 519 661 1 035 877 634 002 580 131 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Legally required expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 054 343 752 744 492 489 329 226 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Voluntary expenditures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 465 317 283 132 141 512 250 905 1 1 1 (Z)

Dollar value of business done--------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 429 757 17 254 987 12 128 956 9 553 498 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 205 048 17 010 019 11 952 831 9 361 092 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others 3 ---------------------------------------- 763 945 3 419 333 1 497 843 1 455 661 2 2 2 1

Other business receipts ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 224 709 244 968 176 125 192 406 2 2 1 1

Net value of construction work†------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 587 363 15 055 297 10 462 441 8 371 028 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z)

Value added†† ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 734 058 10 089 749 7 005 322 5 522 719 (Z) 1 (Z) (Z)

Selected costs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 695 699 7 165 237 5 123 633 4 030 779 1 1 1 (Z)

Materials, components, and supplies ------------------------------------------------------------ 5 486 059 4 734 144 3 189 912 2 798 430 1 1 1 (Z)

Construction work subcontracted out to others 2 --------------------------------------------------- 617 685 1 954 721 1 490 389 990 064 1 1 1 (Z)

Selected power, fuels, and lubricants ------------------------------------------------------------ 591 955 476 371 443 331 242 285 1 1 1 1

Electricity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 488 32 128 27 432 15 966 2 1 1 1

Natural and manufactured gas ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10 540 7 666 7 559 6 316 2 3 2 2

Gasoline and diesel fuel---------------------------------------------------------------------- 492 050 400 312 382 139 192 902 1 1 1 1

On highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 256 447 209 814 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Off highway use --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 235 603 190 498 (NA) (NA) 1 1 (NA) (NA)

Other, including lubricating oils and greases 42 ---------------------------------------------------- 876 36 264 26 200 27 119 2 1 1 1

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 753 ------------------------------------------------ 998 625 417 458 027 364 617 1 1 1 1 For machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------------ 652 119 557 613 409 955 343 490 2 1 1 1 For buildings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101 879 67 804 48 072 21 126 1 2 1 1

Selected purchased services --------------------------------------------------------------------- 729 151 596 515 461 655 356 533 1 1 1 1 Communication services------------------------------------------------------------------------ 108 278 61 144 46 741 29 195 2 1 1 1 Repairs to buildings and other structures--------------------------------------------------------- 29 244 17 192 12 677 9 394 4 3 2 3 Repairs to machinery and equipment ------------------------------------------------------------ 591 629 518 178 402 236 317 944 1 1 1 1

Ownership of construction projects: Value of construction work --------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 205 048 17 010 019 11 952 831 9 361 092 1 1 (Z) (Z)

Government owned-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 997 394 6 290 814 4 468 103 4 068 001 1 1 1 1 Federal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 980 974 972 755 (NA) (NA) 5 3 (NA) (NA)

State and local ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 016 420 5 318 059 (NA) (NA) 2 1 (NA) (NA)

Privately owned ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 207 654 10 719 204 7 484 727 5 293 091 1 1 1 1

8–6nnWATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 3. Assets, Capital Expenditures, and Depreciation for Establishments With Payroll:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item

Relative standard error of estimate

(percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES, MACHINERY, AND EQUIPMENT

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 -------------------------------------------- 644 859 4 595 077 1 1 Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 765 509 695 713 2 2 New ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 552 828 557 809 2 2 Used --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 212 682 137 903 4 3 Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 429 ------------------------------------------------- 844 297 541 3 4

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 ------------------------------------------------- 980 524 4 993 249 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 748 881 628 401 1 1

Buildings and Other Structures, Additions, and Related Facilities

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 488 -------------------------------------------- 794 416 692 3 2

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 34 852 62 300 4 3

New buildings and other structures ------------------------------------------------------------ 25 615 49 080 4 3

Used buildings and other structures------------------------------------------------------------ 9 237 13 219 7 8

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 11 ------------------------------------------------- 043 24 736 10 8

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 512 ------------------------------------------------- 602 454 256 3 2

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 566 54 675 4 3

Machinery and Equipment

Beginning-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 -------------------------------------------- 156 065 4 178 385 1 1

Capital expenditures, other than land ------------------------------------------------------------ 730 658 633 412 2 2

New machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 527 --------------------------------- 213 508 728 2 2

New automobiles and trucks, intended primarily for highway use 159 -------------------------------- 085 174 039 3 2

Used machinery and equipment, including automobiles and trucks 203 -------------------------------- 445 124 683 4 3

Retirements and disposition of depreciable assets 418 ------------------------------------------------- 801 272 805 3 4

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 ------------------------------------------------- 467 922 4 538 992 1 1

Depreciation charges during year ------------------------------------------------------------------ 708 315 573 726 1 1

Table 4. Value of Inventories for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1991

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Item Establishments with payroll

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent)

All establishments:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 233 1

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 205 048 1

Establishments with inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 497 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 367 949 1

Inventories1:

End of 1992, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 126 146 2

End of 1991, materials and supplies ----------------------------------------------------------- 117 429 3

Establishments with no inventories:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 513 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 075 822 1

Establishments not reporting:

Number--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 223 2

Value of construction work---------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 761 276 1

1Inventories at cost or market prior to any adjustment to correct to LIFO values.

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES WATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINESnn8–7
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Table 5. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Employment Size Class:

1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with an average ofm

Total

1 to 4

employees

5 to 9

employees

10 to 19

employees

20 to 49

employees

50 to 99

employees

100 to 249

employees

250 to 499

employees

500 to 999

employees

1,000

employees

or more

1992

Number of establishments 10 -------------------------- 233 3 459 2 319 2 011 1 619 523 239 48 13 1

All employees** 194 ----------------------------------- 252 7 139 15 280 26 693 48 542 35 423 34 952 16 360 9 863 (D)

Payroll, all employees 5 ------------------------------ 624 369 131 783 349 013 681 899 1 372 190 1 038 756 1 079 227 636 731 334 770 (D)

Dollar value of business done 20 ----------------------- 429 757 706 592 1 449 907 2 659 515 5 316 207 3 691 727 3 764 668 1 957 510 883 632 (D)

Value of construction work 20 -------------------------- 205 048 699 478 1 437 541 2 636 901 5 261 338 3 642 016 3 703 654 1 945 539 878 581 (D)

Net value of construction work† 17 --------------------- 587 363 624 371 1 274 584 2 326 186 4 525 566 3 141 273 3 151 738 1 723 158 820 487 (D)

Value added†† 11 ------------------------------------- 734 058 407 155 783 263 1 443 836 2 757 535 2 053 583 2 156 458 1 453 061 679 167 (D)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels 6 ---- 078 014 224 330 503 687 904 963 1 822 899 1 137 401 1 056 294 282 068 146 371 (D)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others 2 - 617 685 75 107 162 957 310 715 735 772 500 743 551 916 222 381 58 094 (D)

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings 753 --- 998 20 947 58 542 76 917 190 583 131 275 139 637 111 864 24 234 (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 765 ----------------- 509 41 780 61 074 101 696 197 172 136 924 133 042 64 437 29 384 (D)

End-of-year gross book value of depreciable assets 6 --- 980 524 343 703 609 633 923 133 1 839 468 1 216 158 1 260 586 456 280 331 562 (D)

1987

All employees** 197 ----------------------------------- 632 (S) 15 223 27 250 50 720 33 558 31 526 16 575 8 928 7 088

Value of construction work 17 -------------------------- 010 019 (S) 1 218 347 2 451 301 4 710 458 3 007 551 2 792 680 1 214 780 1 091 951 (D)

Value added†† 10 ------------------------------------- 089 749 (S) 699 203 1 430 189 2 666 898 1 743 044 1 652 882 838 111 452 534 301 796

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR OF

ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 ----------------------------------- 4 4 3 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Net value of construction work† (Z) --------------------- 6 4 3 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Capital expenditures, other than land 2 ----------------- 13 11 7 3 1 (Z) (Z) (Z) (D)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

Table 6. Selected Statistics by Size Class of the Dollar Value of Business Done for

Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

Establishments with dollar value of business done

Total

Less than

$25,000

$25,000

to

$49,999

$50,000

to

$99,999

$100,000

to

$249,999

$250,000

to

$499,999

$500,000

to

$999,999

$1,000,000

to

$2,499,999

$2,500,000

to

$4,999,999

$5,000,000

to

$9,999,999

$10,000,000

or more

1992

Number of establishments 10 ----------------- 233 (S) 301 (S) 1 620 1 736 1 677 1 965 980 544 351 All employees** 194 -------------------------- 252 (S) 350 (S) 5 188 10 680 16 032 34 184 34 373 32 932 58 979 Payroll, all employees 5 --------------------- 624 369 (S) 3 393 (S) 77 419 194 047 354 601 864 013 948 737 996 112 2 170 292 Dollar value of business done 20 -------------- 429 757 (S) 11 316 (S) 277 715 634 181 1 194 583 3 020 091 3 489 028 3 772 211 7 973 966 Value of construction work 20 ----------------- 205 048 (S) 11 280 (S) 274 194 625 240 1 184 109 2 985 826 3 457 383 3 723 217 7 887 919 Net value of construction work† 17 ------------ 587 363 (S) 10 745 (S) 258 129 574 193 1 091 839 2 681 739 3 023 310 3 207 515 6 686 744

Value added†† 11 ---------------------------- 734 058 (S) 7 339 (S) 173 118 392 478 710 953 1 729 049 1 874 160 2 024 024 4 787 315 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and

fuels 6 ------------------------------------ 078 014 (S) 3 442 (S) 88 532 190 656 391 361 986 956 1 180 795 1 232 485 1 985 476 Cost of construction work subcontracted out

to others 2 -------------------------------- 617 685 (S) 535 (S) 16 065 51 047 92 270 304 087 434 072 515 702 1 201 175 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and

buildings 753 -------------------------------- 998 (S) 245 (S) 9 866 25 899 46 017 95 171 119 696 147 137 308 195 Capital expenditures, other than land 765 -------- 509 (S) (S) (S) 17 631 43 050 49 153 131 123 143 096 135 175 244 090 End-of-year gross book value of depreciable

assets 6 ---------------------------------- 980 524 (S) *4 549 (S) 146 056 316 375 588 714 1 208 247 1 288 656 1 213 806 2 189 585

1987

All employees** 197 -------------------------- 632 (S) (S) (S) 6 496 11 417 18 338 36 808 36 827 28 791 56 552

Value of construction work 17 ----------------- 010 019 (S) (S) (S) 281 462 602 781 1 148 538 2 864 154 3 350 312 3 038 635 5 655 580

Value added†† 10 ---------------------------- 089 749 (S) (S) (S) 185 583 399 180 717 008 1 688 410 1 955 721 1 703 250 3 396 889

1992 RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR

OF ESTIMATE (PERCENT)

All employees** 1 -------------------------- (S) 17 (S) 6 5 4 2 1 (Z) (Z)

Net value of construction work† (Z) ------------ (S) 12 (S) 6 5 4 3 1 1 (Z)

Capital expenditures, other than land 2 -------- (S) (S) (S) 16 11 11 6 4 2 (Z)

Note: Underscored data fields include data from adjoining columns which have been withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies.

8–8nnWATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 7. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Type of

Construction: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Type of construction

Value of construction work

Relative standard error

of estimate (percent) for columnm

Total

New

construction

Additions,

alterations, or

reconstruction

Maintenance

and repair

A B C DABC D

1992

Value of construction work 20 -------------------------------------------- 205 048 14 438 540 3 097 742 2 657 337 1 1 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 274 199 190 557 48 564 35 078 3 3 6 3

Nonbuilding construction 19 -------------------------------------------------------- 919 421 14 247 983 3 049 178 2 622 260 1 1 1 1

Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 695 683 440 692 175 458 79 533 1 2 2 2

Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 154 ---------------------------------------- 895 85 985 49 037 19 873 1 1 3 5

Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities 4 --------- 786 135 3 004 735 738 106 1 043 294 1 1 1 1

Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 9 -------------------------------------- 345 016 7 240 928 1 368 731 735 357 1 1 2 3

Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 5 ---------------------- 598 795 4 323 043 835 339 440 413 1 1 2 4

Water mains and related facilities 3 -------------------------------------------- 746 221 2 917 885 533 392 294 944 1 1 2 3

Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 4 ----------------------------- 363 692 3 077 640 606 217 679 835 1 1 1 2

Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 320 ----------------------------------- 748 246 221 54 238 20 288 2 1 5 4

Sewage treatment plants 166 ---------------------------------------------------- 764 122 452 36 313 7 999 3 3 6 11

Water treatment plants 153 ------------------------------------------------------ 984 123 769 17 925 12 290 1 1 5 2

Other nonbuilding construction 253 ------------------------------------------------- 252 151 781 57 391 44 080 2 2 3 6

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 11 428 (NA) (NA) (NA) 11 (NA) (NA) (NA)

1987

Value of construction work 17 -------------------------------------------- 010 019 12 838 852 2 182 059 1 569 178 1 1 1 1

Building construction------------------------------------------------------------ 353 154 313 343 28 843 10 968 5 5 6 12

Nonbuilding construction 16 -------------------------------------------------------- 236 941 12 525 514 2 153 216 1 558 210 1 1 1 1 Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guard rails, highway

signs, lighting, etc.----------------------------------------------------------- 633 580 448 506 133 629 51 445 1 1 1 2 Bridges, tunnels, and elevated highways 127 ---------------------------------------- 899 81 914 27 276 18 708 2 3 5 4 Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities 3 --------- 473 127 2 456 175 501 621 515 331 1 1 2 1 Sewers, water mains, and related facilities 8 -------------------------------------- 571 756 7 059 798 969 607 542 350 1 1 2 2 Sewers, sewer lines, septic systems, and related facilities 5 ---------------------- 213 772 4 293 077 588 749 331 945 1 1 2 2 Water mains and related facilities 3 -------------------------------------------- 357 984 2 766 720 380 857 210 405 1 1 2 3 Pipeline construction other than sewer or water lines 2 ----------------------------- 598 987 1 851 459 393 416 354 111 1 1 2 3 Sewage treatment and water treatment plants 329 ----------------------------------- 366 266 187 47 266 15 912 2 2 4 3 Sewage treatment plants 209 ---------------------------------------------------- 733 175 816 26 072 7 845 2 2 4 3 Water treatment plants 119 ------------------------------------------------------ 632 90 371 21 194 8 067 4 3 6 6 Other nonbuilding construction 502 ------------------------------------------------- 226 361 475 80 401 60 353 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Construction work, n.s.k. -------------------------------------------------------- 419 924 (NA) (NA) (NA) 4 (NA) (NA) (NA)

CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES WATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINESnn8–9
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Table 8. Selected Statistics for Establishments With Payroll by Specialization in Types of

Construction: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. This table presents selected statistics for establishments according to degree of specialization in major types of construction

work. If number of establishments or value of construction work for a given type of specialization are relatively insignificant, data may not be shown. In addition, data are not shown in this table

where distribution of the value of construction work by type of construction was not provided in table 7. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms,

see appendix A]

Item

Value of construction work Relative standard error

of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Number of

establishmentsAll

employees**

Payroll, all

employees

For

all types

For

specialized

type

Net

value of

construction

work†

Value

added††

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

A B C D E F G HBDH

All establishments 10 -------------------------------- 233 194 252 5 624 369 20 205 048 13 806 668 17 587 363 11 734 058 2 617 685 1 1 1

Establishments not specializing by type 1 ---------------------- 776 36 817 1 053 517 4 505 700 (NA) 3 820 965 2 307 116 684 735 1 1 1 Establishments specializing 51 percent or more 8 --------------- 457 157 435 4 570 852 15 699 348 13 806 668 13 766 398 9 426 943 1 932 950 1 1 1

POWER AND COMMUNICATION TRANSMISSION

LINES, TOWERS, AND RELATED FACILITIES

All establishments specializing in type 2 ------------- 965 62 602 1 608 036 4 828 661 4 624 898 4 247 931 3 180 495 580 730 1 1 2

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 2 -------------------------------- 692 54 247 1 355 886 4 046 570 4 046 570 3 616 556 2 720 977 430 014 1 1 3

90 to 99 percent specialization 54 ---------------------------- 2 612 81 526 214 711 199 914 185 514 139 102 29 196 3 2 1

80 to 89 percent specialization 62 ---------------------------- 1 797 49 570 143 772 117 966 128 434 95 451 15 338 3 3 1

70 to 79 percent specialization 64 ---------------------------- 991 28 957 101 336 73 389 84 654 53 308 16 682 10 6 2

60 to 69 percent specialization 61 ---------------------------- 1 578 45 067 156 092 97 573 134 670 103 466 21 422 5 6 17

51 to 59 percent specialization 32 ---------------------------- 1 378 47 029 166 180 89 486 98 102 68 191 68 078 6 3 (Z)

SEWERS, SEWER LINES, SEPTIC SYSTEMS, AND

RELATED FACILITIES

All establishments specializing in type 2 ------------- 863 37 429 1 073 904 4 675 621 3 653 217 3 942 989 2 232 449 732 632 2 1 2

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 1 -------------------------------- 354 11 741 326 979 1 439 779 1 439 779 1 255 151 740 691 184 629 3 3 3

90 to 99 percent specialization 199 ---------------------------- 2 448 70 425 302 311 280 407 241 048 143 827 61 263 5 6 4

80 to 89 percent specialization 235 ---------------------------- 3 302 101 910 426 890 350 833 362 805 202 273 64 085 4 3 3

70 to 79 percent specialization 357 ---------------------------- 5 861 166 077 712 388 520 238 616 848 320 865 95 540 4 4 6

60 to 69 percent specialization 439 ---------------------------- 8 997 262 094 1 171 749 729 421 981 348 539 980 190 401 3 3 6

51 to 59 percent specialization 279 ---------------------------- 5 080 146 419 622 504 332 540 485 789 284 813 136 715 4 3 3

WATER MAINS AND RELATED FACILITIES

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 460 17 790 485 038 2 082 283 1 600 792 1 841 592 1 019 659 240 690 3 2 3

Establishments with m 100 percent specialization 580 -------------------------------- 5 338 131 532 579 706 579 706 525 178 318 580 54 528 6 4 7 90 to 99 percent specialization 130 ---------------------------- 1 106 32 697 117 176 109 131 100 023 57 141 17 153 11 9 17 80 to 89 percent specialization 163 ---------------------------- 1 449 40 770 155 095 126 895 135 536 82 366 19 559 9 9 13 70 to 79 percent specialization 253 ---------------------------- 3 450 100 111 448 882 324 997 395 664 193 622 53 217 6 5 3 60 to 69 percent specialization 225 ---------------------------- 4 089 114 864 489 359 303 567 441 193 226 733 48 167 5 5 11 51 to 59 percent specialization 109 ---------------------------- 2 357 65 064 292 065 156 496 243 999 141 219 48 066 9 6 5

PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN SEWER

OR WATER LINES

All establishments specializing in type 1 ------------- 022 39 403 1 400 267 4 103 081 3 918 058 3 724 827 2 987 835 378 253 1 1 5

Establishments with m

100 percent specialization 794 -------------------------------- 30 568 1 109 686 3 194 864 3 194 864 2 905 147 2 376 507 289 717 1 1 6

90 to 99 percent specialization 46 ---------------------------- 2 876 85 429 284 841 266 227 263 180 188 938 21 661 1 2 1

80 to 89 percent specialization 78 ---------------------------- 2 226 80 351 261 029 223 431 237 894 196 128 23 135 3 4 4

70 to 79 percent specialization 50 ---------------------------- 1 450 46 908 138 794 98 888 123 470 89 027 15 324 5 4 7

60 to 69 percent specialization 24 ---------------------------- 1 291 49 364 136 838 87 924 120 957 90 641 15 881 2 2 3

51 to 59 percent specialization 30 ---------------------------- 993 28 529 86 715 46 723 74 179 46 593 12 536 8 7 19

8–10nnWATER, SEWER, AND UTILITY LINES CONSTRUCTIONmINDUSTRY SERIES
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Table 9. Quarterly Construction Worker Employment for Establishments With Payroll by

State: 1992

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Construction workers1

Relative standard error of estimate (percent) for columnm Number of

establishments

Average

number of

construction

workers

January

to March

April

to June

July

to September

October

to December

A B C D E FABCDE F

United States 10 ----------- 233 160 105 137 013 159 812 174 938 168 658 1 1 1 1 1 1

Alabama 167 ------------------------ 2 554 2 505 2 624 2 581 2 505 10 5 4 4 5 5 Alaska 37 -------------------------- 760 684 719 898 738 10 2 2 2 2 2 Arizona 150 ------------------------- 2 596 1 877 2 544 3 066 2 896 11 5 5 5 5 4 Arkansas 158 ----------------------- 1 434 1 285 1 378 1 571 1 502 12 6 7 6 6 6 California 999 ----------------------- 14 358 12 837 14 262 15 424 14 909 4 2 2 2 2 2

Colorado 212 ------------------------ 3 145 2 335 3 182 3 576 3 489 10 4 4 4 5 5 Connecticut 105 --------------------- 1 063 942 1 118 1 149 1 044 7 5 5 5 5 5 Delaware 21 ----------------------- 1 143 1 193 1 085 1 138 1 157 8 1 1 1 1 1 District of Columbia *6 -------------- 143 109 119 *184 *159 41 35 22 26 42 42 Florida 561 -------------------------- 9 400 9 076 9 273 9 565 9 685 5 2 2 2 2 2

Georgia 352 ------------------------- 4 935 4 593 4 629 5 140 5 377 8 3 4 4 3 3 Hawaii 23 -------------------------- 460 428 460 476 478 11 2 2 2 2 1 Idaho 54 --------------------------- 678 501 724 779 706 19 9 9 9 11 11 Illinois 369 -------------------------- 6 091 4 612 6 306 6 928 6 519 8 3 2 3 3 3 Indiana 211 ------------------------- 5 107 4 420 5 306 5 256 5 447 11 3 2 2 3 3

Iowa 105 ---------------------------- 927 583 1 032 1 166 925 13 5 8 5 4 6 Kansas 202 ------------------------- 2 547 2 486 2 604 2 579 2 521 11 5 5 6 5 4 Kentucky 162 ------------------------ 1 958 1 890 1 886 1 972 2 083 11 5 7 5 4 5 Louisiana 203 ----------------------- 3 816 3 413 3 720 4 228 3 902 14 5 5 5 5 5 Maine 38 -------------------------- 498 331 519 598 544 24 7 8 7 9 9

Maryland 155 ------------------------ 3 904 3 784 3 822 4 033 3 975 8 3 3 3 3 3 Massachusetts 249 ------------------ 2 373 1 640 2 472 2 707 2 675 9 5 6 5 4 6 Michigan 363 ------------------------ 4 954 3 321 5 106 5 812 5 577 8 3 4 3 3 3 Minnesota 204 ----------------------- 2 447 1 221 2 788 3 280 2 500 9 4 5 4 4 4 Mississippi 98 ---------------------- 1 869 1 288 1 462 2 145 2 581 13 4 6 5 3 4

Missouri 223 ------------------------ 2 985 2 784 3 035 3 182 2 939 9 4 4 4 5 4 Montana 52 ------------------------ 513 410 497 563 583 21 12 18 10 10 11 Nebraska 95 ----------------------- 926 747 987 1 084 888 19 11 12 11 11 12 Nevada 53 ------------------------- 939 895 959 1 006 895 18 4 4 4 5 3 New Hampshire 36 ----------------- 356 257 353 397 416 16 13 13 13 13 12

New Jersey 223 --------------------- 4 040 3 580 3 943 4 417 4 219 8 3 3 3 3 3 New Mexico 80 --------------------- 2 469 2 036 2 494 2 811 2 536 18 4 5 6 5 4 New York 455 ----------------------- 6 193 5 340 6 403 6 901 6 127 7 2 2 2 2 2 North Carolina 423 ------------------- 6 402 6 212 6 159 6 470 6 766 8 3 3 3 4 3 North Dakota 49 -------------------- 487 262 508 717 462 23 10 12 12 9 10

Ohio 340 ---------------------------- 5 276 4 273 5 379 5 935 5 517 8 3 2 3 3 3

Oklahoma 216 ----------------------- 2 850 2 248 2 772 3 653 2 727 10 4 5 5 3 5

Oregon 174 ------------------------- 2 101 1 862 1 974 2 361 2 208 10 4 4 4 5 4

Pennsylvania 344 -------------------- 7 425 5 696 7 551 7 933 8 520 8 4 4 4 4 5

Rhode Island 24 -------------------- 340 246 351 394 370 14 5 4 5 4 6

South Carolina 187 ------------------ 2 347 2 415 2 309 2 380 2 282 12 5 5 5 6 6

South Dakota 55 ------------------- 608 412 650 732 640 21 7 8 7 7 6

Tennessee 191 ---------------------- 2 780 2 666 2 811 2 939 2 706 10 4 4 4 5 4

Texas 792 -------------------------- 14 133 12 966 13 876 15 494 14 195 5 2 2 2 2 2

Utah 81 ---------------------------- 1 220 920 1 206 1 413 1 343 14 7 7 6 7 8

Vermont 27 ------------------------ 241 86 238 317 323 24 9 4 6 12 11

Virginia 292 ------------------------- 7 199 6 401 7 163 7 512 7 721 8 2 2 2 2 2

Washington 275 --------------------- 3 644 3 191 3 571 3 791 4 022 10 2 2 3 2 2

West Virginia 89 -------------------- 1 470 1 229 1 379 1 593 1 679 15 3 3 3 3 5

Wisconsin 215 ----------------------- 3 287 1 928 3 446 3 937 3 837 11 3 3 3 3 3

Wyoming 37 ------------------------ 716 598 660 758 848 23 12 14 10 11 12

1Construction workers during pay periods including 12th of March, May, August, and November.

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Table 10. Value of Construction Work for Establishments With Payroll by Location of

Construction Work: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of construction work

1992

Relative standard

error of estimate

(percent) for

columnm

Construction work done by

establishments located in

this State

Construction work done by

establishments not located

in this State

Value of

construction

work done in

this State Number

Value of

construction

work Number

Value of

construction

work

1987

value of

construction

work done in

this State

Percent

change

1987

(col F)

to

1992

(col A)

A B C D E F G A CE

United States 20 ----------------------------------------------- 205 048 10 093 16 382 240 2 868 3 822 807 17 010 019 18.8 1 1 1

Alabama------------------------------------------------------------- 317 717 150 220 479 63 97 238 287 242 10.6 6 6 13

Alaska -------------------------------------------------------------- 111 681 34 (D) 9 (D) 169 446 –34.1 1 (D) (D)

Arizona-------------------------------------------------------------- 314 011 148 186 528 38 127 482 279 157 12.5 3 5 (Z)

Arkansas ------------------------------------------------------------ 174 914 156 108 823 56 66 091 153 762 13.8 5 7 4

California ------------------------------------------------------------ 2 375 657 996 2 145 607 67 230 049 2 139 275 11.0 1 1 1

Colorado ------------------------------------------------------------ 356 293 211 308 800 48 47 493 268 889 32.5 4 5 3

Connecticut ---------------------------------------------------------- 167 517 102 123 478 38 44 039 217 614 –23.0 3 4 1

Delaware ------------------------------------------------------------ 68 021 21 62 076 21 5 945 40 097 69.6 (Z) (Z) 5

District of Columbia 22 --------------------------------------------------- 818 *6 (D) 31 (D) 23 831 –4.3 8 (D) (D)

Florida -------------------------------------------------------------- 1 048 094 548 900 000 92 148 094 1 220 799 –14.1 2 2 3

Georgia ------------------------------------------------------------- 499 901 351 413 921 90 85 980 621 108 –19.5 4 4 4

Hawaii--------------------------------------------------------------- 109 153 23 91 978 12 17 175 94 703 15.3 1 2 4

Idaho --------------------------------------------------------------- 132 135 53 (S) 41 76 560 36 957 257.5 4 (S) 2

Illinois --------------------------------------------------------------- 892 631 368 787 940 99 104 691 643 112 38.8 2 2 1

Indiana -------------------------------------------------------------- 317 594 207 263 215 57 54 379 317 542 (Z) 4 4 13

Iowa ---------------------------------------------------------------- 215 009 105 120 275 99 94 734 106 758 101.4 3 5 3

Kansas -------------------------------------------------------------- 254 530 197 177 287 65 77 243 165 951 53.4 3 4 2

Kentucky ------------------------------------------------------------ 300 387 158 164 728 87 135 659 197 565 52.0 3 6 2

Louisiana ------------------------------------------------------------ 384 237 202 326 611 69 57 626 348 156 10.4 4 5 1

Maine --------------------------------------------------------------- 82 892 38 75 551 16 7 341 82 415 .6 5 5 16

Maryland ------------------------------------------------------------ 418 406 155 316 522 98 101 884 348 547 20.0 2 2 5

Massachusetts 403 ------------------------------------------------------- 006 248 340 881 36 62 125 396 223 1.7 3 3 1

Michigan------------------------------------------------------------- 796 899 361 654 505 65 142 394 496 274 60.6 3 4 1

Minnesota ----------------------------------------------------------- 365 347 191 299 911 55 65 436 407 273 –10.3 3 4 4

Mississippi ----------------------------------------------------------- 181 984 97 149 967 49 32 017 117 110 55.4 6 7 16

Missouri ------------------------------------------------------------- 380 801 220 280 862 92 99 939 233 578 63.0 3 4 3

Montana------------------------------------------------------------- 57 296 52 46 783 22 10 513 51 692 10.8 6 7 4

Nebraska ------------------------------------------------------------ 136 006 94 97 865 51 38 141 81 815 66.2 10 13 3

Nevada-------------------------------------------------------------- 180 187 53 129 885 24 50 302 114 498 57.4 3 5 (Z)

New Hampshire 42 ------------------------------------------------------ 630 32 21 999 34 20 631 85 256 –50.0 21 19 39

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------------- 632 424 222 529 634 62 102 790 479 887 31.8 3 3 5

New Mexico --------------------------------------------------------- 212 957 80 168 465 33 44 492 145 670 46.2 4 5 5

New York------------------------------------------------------------ 1 034 949 452 855 554 69 179 396 741 571 39.6 2 2 1 North Carolina 614 ------------------------------------------------------- 480 422 535 386 98 79 094 621 403 –1.1 3 3 3 North Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 79 304 49 55 916 36 23 388 32 644 142.9 8 11 11

Ohio ---------------------------------------------------------------- 655 325 336 559 240 75 96 085 518 326 26.4 4 5 (Z)

Oklahoma ----------------------------------------------------------- 178 116 204 144 681 81 33 435 134 091 32.8 6 7 4 Oregon -------------------------------------------------------------- 390 436 173 223 200 55 167 236 122 500 218.7 3 4 2 Pennsylvania 806 --------------------------------------------------------- 266 338 650 151 67 156 114 701 658 14.9 2 3 1 Rhode Island--------------------------------------------------------- 66 552 24 38 842 21 27 711 47 125 41.2 16 28 1

South Carolina 240 ------------------------------------------------------- 942 179 175 461 88 65 482 209 081 15.2 4 6 3 South Dakota -------------------------------------------------------- 67 352 55 47 684 45 19 667 38 388 75.5 10 13 11 Tennessee----------------------------------------------------------- 304 077 188 234 872 78 69 204 365 445 –16.8 3 4 2 Texas --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 675 586 790 1 548 885 71 126 701 1 450 355 15.5 3 3 3 Utah ---------------------------------------------------------------- 119 558 81 101 052 30 18 507 89 272 33.9 8 9 7

Vermont ------------------------------------------------------------- 24 762 27 22 887 21 1 875 19 604 26.3 8 9 14 Virginia -------------------------------------------------------------- 711 006 290 541 103 97 169 903 699 816 1.6 2 2 2 Washington ---------------------------------------------------------- 589 586 273 460 198 70 129 388 323 047 82.5 2 3 1 West Virginia 142 --------------------------------------------------------- 465 88 83 460 48 59 005 119 978 18.7 2 3 1 Wisconsin ----------------------------------------------------------- 476 707 207 393 429 71 83 278 346 940 37.4 4 5 1 Wyoming ------------------------------------------------------------ 74 442 37 47 771 30 26 671 56 547 31.6 7 11 6

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Table 11. Dollar Value of Business Done for Establishments With Payroll by

Kind-of-Business Activity: 1992 and 1987

[Thousand dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Based on their primary business activity or combination of activities, establishments were classified into this specific industry.

These establishments, however, may also be engaged in other kinds of business activities. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see

appendixes]

Primary and other kind of business activities

Dollar value of business done Relative standard error of estimate (percent)

1992 1987 1992 1987

All kinds of business 20 ------------------------------------- 429 757 17 254 987 1 1

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTIONmCONTRACTORS

Cable laying contractor 3 -------------------------------------------- 222 058 1 528 641 1 2 Excavating, earthmoving, and land clearing contractor, not connected

with buildings ---------------------------------------------------- 161 414 492 719 3 2 Heavy construction contractor 15 -------------------------------------- 678 547 13 409 108 1 1 Highway and street general contractor 492 ------------------------------ 356 536 077 2 1 Paving contractor ------------------------------------------------- 214 822 135 464 2 3

Other construction activities 446 ---------------------------------------- 643 654 223 2 (NA)

Other business activities ------------------------------------------- 204 087 253 468 2 (NA)

Kind of business activity, n.s.k. 9 ------------------------------------- 829 245 287 11 6

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Table 12. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll: 1992 and 1987

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Selected statistics

1992 1987

Relative

standard error

of estimate

(percent)

for 1992

AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT

Number of employees**---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19.0 19.9 1 Number of construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15.6 16.7 1 Number of all other employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3.3 3.2 1 Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 549.6 455.0 1 Payroll, construction workers------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 415.5 345.6 1 Payroll, other employees ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 134.1 109.4 1

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 1 996.5 1 739.6 1 Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 1 974.5 1 714.9 1 Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels do ----------------------------------------------------- -- 594.0 525.3 1 Construction work subcontracted to others do ------------------------------------------------------------ -- 255.8 197.1 2 Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings do --------------------------------------------------- -- 73.7 63.1 2 Capital expenditures, other than land ----------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 74.8 70.1 2 Gross book value of depreciable assets do -------------------------------------------------------------- -- 682.2 503.4 2

AVERAGE PER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, all employees --------------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 29.0 22.8 (Z)

Dollar value of business done------------------------------------------------------------------------ do-- 105.2 87.3 (Z)

Value added†† ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 60.4 51.1 (Z)

AVERAGE PER CONSTRUCTION WORKER

Payroll, construction workers--------------------------------------------------------------------- $1,000-- 26.6 20.7 (Z)

Value of construction work -------------------------------------------------------------------------- do-- 126.2 102.5 (Z)

AVERAGE PER OTHER EMPLOYEE

Payroll, other employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------ $1,000-- 40.2 34.2 1

AVERAGE PER DOLLAR VALUE OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

Payroll, all employees ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .278 .265 (Z)

Cost of materials, components, supplies, and fuels---------------------------------------------------------- .301 .306 (Z)

Cost of construction work subcontracted out to others ------------------------------------------------------ .130 .115 1

Value of construction work subcontracted in from others ---------------------------------------------------- .186 .201 2

Rental cost for machinery, equipment, and buildings -------------------------------------------------------- .037 .037 1

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Table 13. Selected Industry Ratios for Establishments With Payroll by State: 1992

[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendix A]

Location of establishment

Average per dollar value of construction work

Average

number of

employees**

per establishment

Payroll

per

employee

($1,000)

Value of

construction

work per

construction

worker

($1,000)

Payroll,

all employees

Cost of

materials,

components,

supplies,

and fuels

Cost of

construction

work subcontracted

out to others

Value of

construction

work subcontracted

in from others

Rental

cost for

machinery,

equipment,

and

buildings

United States 19.0 -------------------------------- 29.0 126.2 .278 .301 .130 .186 .037

Alabama 18.5 ---------------------------------------------- 20.7 103.7 .241 .365 .146 .261 .028

Alaska 25.3 ----------------------------------------------- 40.4 118.7 .416 .202 .059 .098 .051

Arizona 21.5 ----------------------------------------------- 30.2 106.8 .351 .290 .064 .255 .051

Arkansas 11.0 --------------------------------------------- 20.1 86.6 .283 .310 .113 .184 .021

California 17.7 --------------------------------------------- 34.1 159.9 .262 .324 .124 .253 .039

Colorado 17.8 --------------------------------------------- 26.1 127.7 .245 .302 .138 .173 .049

Connecticut 13.7 ------------------------------------------- 39.1 169.5 .312 .216 .318 .110 .020

Delaware 63.7 --------------------------------------------- 35.9 109.4 .387 .251 .124 .116 .027

District of Columbia 28.0 ------------------------------------ 20.6 68.3 .346 .385 .156 *.066 (S)

Florida 20.3 ----------------------------------------------- 21.1 100.6 .255 .325 .169 .246 .027

Georgia 17.3 ---------------------------------------------- 22.5 110.7 .250 .374 .116 .160 .026

Hawaii 24.3 ------------------------------------------------ 40.9 200.0 .251 .244 .205 .185 .014

Idaho 14.8 ------------------------------------------------ 26.9 102.6 .307 .266 .100 .112 (S)

Illinois 20.0 ------------------------------------------------ 37.5 158.2 .288 .259 .151 .169 .027

Indiana 29.4 ----------------------------------------------- 28.6 106.8 .325 .288 .097 .105 .028

Iowa 10.5 ------------------------------------------------- 29.9 143.3 .250 .216 .132 .264 .040

Kansas 15.2 ----------------------------------------------- 25.8 105.2 .296 .264 .113 .180 .036

Kentucky 15.0 --------------------------------------------- 21.1 92.2 .286 .318 .113 .164 .038

Louisiana 22.3 --------------------------------------------- 23.7 111.7 .251 .302 .113 .063 .044

Maine 16.9 ------------------------------------------------ 26.8 153.7 .225 .290 .214 .325 .016

Maryland 30.1 --------------------------------------------- 26.1 94.7 .330 .326 .105 .319 .027

Massachusetts 12.1 ---------------------------------------- 32.4 164.5 .249 .315 .195 .251 .034

Michigan 16.6 ---------------------------------------------- 32.7 149.3 .267 .320 .132 .197 .032

Minnesota 14.6 -------------------------------------------- 30.6 159.2 .233 .330 .163 .228 .024

Mississippi 21.9 -------------------------------------------- 22.5 91.8 .282 .336 .119 .100 .033

Missouri 16.3 ---------------------------------------------- 28.2 132.3 .260 .319 .136 .208 .034

Montana 11.7 ---------------------------------------------- 30.1 102.8 .350 .278 .062 *.050 .048

Nebraska 12.4 --------------------------------------------- 25.4 201.1 .161 .569 .151 .174 .030

Nevada 22.1 ----------------------------------------------- 33.7 152.1 .275 .334 .102 .284 .032

New Hampshire 11.9 --------------------------------------- 25.3 95.9 .320 .273 .099 .247 .016

New Jersey 22.3 ------------------------------------------- 40.2 170.5 .290 .265 .114 .163 .038

New Mexico 35.3 ------------------------------------------ 22.9 80.3 .325 .250 .116 .143 .058

New York 17.1 --------------------------------------------- 34.7 149.0 .292 .253 .116 .175 .034

North Carolina 18.2 ---------------------------------------- 23.9 100.5 .286 .303 .142 .236 .022

North Dakota 11.7 ----------------------------------------- 26.2 141.8 .219 .385 .156 .161 .045

Ohio 19.0 ------------------------------------------------- 28.8 131.3 .270 .319 .120 .154 .032

Oklahoma 16.0 -------------------------------------------- 33.3 119.6 .338 .192 .142 .177 .055

Oregon 14.6 ----------------------------------------------- 30.9 133.5 .281 .259 .114 .225 .060 Pennsylvania 26.5 ------------------------------------------ 29.8 112.0 .326 .286 .109 .183 .034 Rhode Island 17.5 ------------------------------------------ 30.0 153.3 .245 .257 .134 .140 .023

South Carolina 14.9 ---------------------------------------- 20.9 90.1 .276 .365 .131 .315 .025 South Dakota 13.1 ----------------------------------------- 29.9 116.7 .303 .365 .143 .126 .015 Tennessee 17.1 -------------------------------------------- 21.0 106.7 .232 .376 .129 .083 .017 Texas 21.3 ------------------------------------------------ 30.3 137.7 .263 .280 .131 .110 .065 Utah 18.9 ------------------------------------------------- 23.8 107.7 .276 .390 .102 .140 .064

Vermont 10.4 ---------------------------------------------- 24.9 102.3 .281 .259 .177 .171 .035 Virginia 28.9 ----------------------------------------------- 24.1 88.4 .319 .282 .122 .217 .032 Washington 16.4 ------------------------------------------- 34.7 158.9 .271 .288 .159 .211 .035 West Virginia 20.0 ------------------------------------------ 31.4 104.9 .362 .204 .062 .048 .036 Wisconsin 18.2 -------------------------------------------- 32.3 145.5 .264 .313 .084 .155 .047 Wyoming 23.0 --------------------------------------------- 22.1 95.3 .279 .404 .078 .169 .047

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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

Construction. Is composed of three broad categories:

1. New construction. Includes the complete, original

building of structures and essential service facilities

and the initial installation of integral equipment such as

elevators and plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning

supplies and equipment.

2. Additions, alterations, or reconstruction. Includes

construction work which adds to the value or useful life

of an existing building or structure, or which adapts a

building or structure to a new or different use. Included

are ‘‘major replacements’’ of building systems such as

the installation of a new roof or heating system and the

resurfacing of streets or highways. This contrasts to

the repair of a hole in a roof or the routine patching of

highways and streets, which would be classified as

maintenance and repair.

3. Maintenance and repair. Includes incidental construction work which keeps a property in ordinary working

condition. Excluded are trash and snow removal, lawn

maintenance and landscaping, and cleaning and janitorial services.

Number of establishments in business during year.

Includes all establishments that were in business at any

time during the year. It covers all full-year and part-year

operations. Construction establishments which were inactive or idle for the entire year were not included.

Proprietors and working partners. These data were not

collected on the census report forms. The data shown are

based on crediting each sole proprietorship establishment

with one active proprietor and each partnership establishment with two working partners.

All employees. Comprises all full-time and part-time employees on the payrolls of construction establishments who

worked or received pay for any part of the pay period

including the 12th of March, May, August, and November.

Included are all persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays,

and paid vacations during these pay periods. Officers of

corporations are included, but proprietors and partners of

unincorporated firms are not.

All employees is the sum of all employees during the

pay periods including the 12th of March, May, August, and

November, divided by 4.

Construction workers. Includes all workers up through

the working supervisor level directly engaged in construction operations, such as painters, carpenters, plumbers,

and electricians. Included are journeymen, mechanics,

apprentices, laborers, truck drivers and helpers, equipment

operators, and on-site record keepers and security guards.

Supervisory employees above the working foreman level

are excluded from this category but are included in the

‘‘other employees’’ category.

Other employees. Includes employees in executive,

purchasing, accounting, personnel, professional, and

technical activities, as well as routine office functions.

Also included are supervisory employees above the

working foreman level.

Payroll. Includes the gross earnings paid in the calendar

year 1992 to all employees on the payroll of construction

establishments. It includes all forms of compensation such

as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses,

vacation and sick leave pay, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of these establishments, if a

corporation, but excludes payments to the proprietor or

partners, if unincorporated.

Fringe benefits. Represents expenditures made by the

employer during 1992 for legally required and voluntary

fringe benefit programs for employees.

Legally required contributions. Includes Social Security contributions, unemployment compensation, worker’s

compensation, and State temporary disability payments.

Voluntary payments. Includes life insurance premiums, pension plans, insurance premiums on hospital

and medical plans, welfare plans, and union negotiated benefits.

Dollar value of business done comprises the following

detail:

Value of construction work done. Includes all

value of construction work done during 1992 for

construction work performed by general contractors

and special trades contractors. Included is new construction, additions and alterations or reconstruction,

and maintenance and repair construction work. Also

included is the value of any construction work done

by the reporting establishments for themselves.

CONSTRUCTION—INDUSTRY SERIES APPENDIX A A–1
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Speculative builders were instructed to include the

value of buildings and other structures built or being

built for sale in 1992 but not sold. They were to

include the costs of such construction plus normal

profit. Also included is the cost of construction work

done on buildings for rent or lease.

Establishments engaged in the sale and installation

of such construction components as plumbing, heating, and central air-conditioning supplies and equipment; lumber and building materials; paint, glass, and

wallpaper; and electrical and wiring supplies, elevators or escalators were instructed to include both the

value for the installation and the receipts covering the

price of the items installed.

Excluded was the cost of industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment which are not an

integral part of a structure.

Other business receipts. Includes business receipts

not reported as value of construction work done. The

item includes business receipts from retail and wholesale trade, rental of equipment, manufacturing, transportation, legal service, insurance, finance, rental of

property and other real estate operations, and other

nonconstruction activities. Receipts for separately

definable architectural and engineering work for others are also included here.

Excluded was the value of construction work done and

receipts from other business operations in foreign countries and non-operating income such as interest and

dividends.

Net value of construction work. Derived for each establishment by subtracting the costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others from the value of construction

work done. (For a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in

Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Value added. Derived for each establishment, value

added is equal to dollar value of business done, less costs

for construction work subcontracted out to others, and

costs for materials, components, supplies, and fuels. (For

a further explanation see ‘‘Duplication in Value of Construction Work’’ section in the Introduction.)

Selected costs. Represents the costs for materials,

components, and supplies; costs for construction work

subcontracted out to others; and costs for selected power,

fuels, and lubricants. Capital expenditures and rental costs

for machinery, equipment, and structures are shown elsewhere.

Costs for materials, components, and supplies include:

• total costs to reporting establishments during 1992 for

the purchase of all materials, components, and supplies,

except fuels. (Supplies include expendable tools which

are charged to current accounts.)

• freight and other direct charges representing only amount

paid after discounts, and the value of materials, components, and supplies obtained from other establishments

of the respondent’s company.

• costs for materials, components, and supplies used by

the reporting establishments in the construction or reconstruction of buildings/ structures for themselves which

are chargeable to their fixed assets accounts, as well as

costs for materials bought and resold to others.

• costs made for direct purchases of materials, components, and supplies even though the purchases were

subsequently provided to subcontractors for their use.

Excluded from this item are:

• industrial and other specialized machinery and equipment such as printing presses and computer systems,

which are not an integral part of a structure.

• materials furnished to contractors by the owners of

projects.

Costs for construction work subcontracted out to others

include:

• all costs during 1992 for construction work subcontracted out to other construction contractors.

Excluded from this item are:

• the costs to the reporting establishment for its purchases of materials, components, and supplies provided

to a subcontractor for use. Such costs are reported

under, ‘‘costs for materials, components, and supplies.’’

• costs for the rental of machinery or equipment.

Costs for selected power, fuels, and lubricants include:

• costs for fuels, lubricants, and electric energy purchased

during the year from other companies or received from

other establishments of the company.

• costs for natural and manufactured gas, fuel oil, coal,

and coke products.

Rental costs for machinery, equipment, and buildings.

Includes all costs during 1992 for renting or leasing

construction machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, production equipment, office equipment, furniture

and fixtures, scaffolding, office space, and buildings. It

excludes costs for the rental of land. It also excludes costs

under agreements which, in effect, are conditional sales

contracts such as capital leases. Such costs are included

in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Selected purchased services. Includes all costs during

1992 for communication services purchased from other

companies or from other establishments of the company. It

also includes the cost of all repairs made to structures and

equipment by outside companies or from other establishments of the same company. It includes only the cost of

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repair necessary to maintain property and equipment. It

excludes the cost of improvements that increase the value

of property or the cost of adapting it for another use. Such

costs are included in ‘‘capital expenditures.’’

Assets and depreciation. Refers to the original cost of all

fixed tangible assets such as buildings and other structures (offices and shops); stationary machinery (generators and shop equipment); mobile machinery (tractors and

trucks); and other equipment (office furniture and fixtures).

Not included are such items as current assets, depletable

assets, intangible assets, and nondepreciable assets.

Data on assets and depreciation were collected separately for: (1) buildings and other structures, additions, and

related facilities; and (2) machinery and equipment.

Respondents were also asked to report capitalized

expenditures, depreciation charges, and the gross value

of assets sold, retired, scrapped, and destroyed during

1992.

Capital expenditures. Refers to all costs actually incurred

during 1992 which were or would be chargeable to the

fixed assets accounts of the reporting establishments and

which were of the type for which depreciation accounts are

ordinarily maintained. These expenditures cover the acquisition, the construction, and the major alteration of the

reporting establishment’s own buildings and other structures, whether purchased, constructed under contract, or

constructed by the reporting establishment’s own forces;

and the acquisition of machinery and equipment.

If leasing arrangements met the criteria set down by the

Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) for a capital

lease, respondents were instructed to report the original

cost or market value of that equipment or building as a

fixed asset and capital expenditure if acquired during 1992.

If capital expenditures were not recorded directly at the

establishment level but handled centrally at the company

or division level, respondents were requested to report

appropriate estimates for the individual establishments.

Inventories. Includes all of the materials and supplies

that are owned regardless of where they are held. Excludes

materials which are owned by others, but held by the

reporting establishment.

Builders who built on their own account for sale were

requested to exclude work in progress and finished units

not sold from inventories.

Inventories of multiestablishment companies were instructed to be reported by the establishment that is

responsible for the inventories even if these inventories

were held at a separate location.

Ownership of construction projects. Shows the distribution of the value of construction work done by ownership

of the project; that is, Government owned or privately

owned. This classification relates to the ownership of the

projects or work undertaken during the construction phase.

Government owned projects are shown separately for

Federal and State and local governments.

Value of construction work subcontracted in from

others. Includes the value of construction work during

1992 for work done by reporting establishments as subcontractors. Establishments were asked to report the

approximate percent of total value of construction work

accounted for by such work, and the percentages reported

were applied to the reported value of construction work to

develop a value for this item.

Types of construction. Provides data by the types of

buildings, structures, or other facilities being constructed

or worked on by construction establishments in 1992.

Respondents were instructed that each building, structure,

or other facility should be classified in terms of its function.

For example, a restaurant building was to be classified in

the restaurant category whether it was designed as a

commercial restaurant building or an auxiliary unit of an

educational institution. If respondents worked on more

than one type of building or structure in a multibuilding

complex, they were instructed to report separately for each

building or type of structure. If they worked on a building

that had more than one purpose; i.e, office and residential,

or commercial, they were to classify the building by major

purpose.

In addition, all respondents were requested to report the

percentage of the value of construction work done for new

construction, additions, alterations, or reconstruction, and

maintenance and repair work for each of these types. See

the definition of ‘‘Construction’’ for the meanings of these

terms.

Building construction:

• Single-family houses, detached. Includes all residential buildings constructed for one family use.

• Single-family houses, attached, including townhouses

and townhouse-type condominiums. Includes all residential buildings with two or more living quarters side by

side, completely independent of one another, and separated by an unbroken party or lot line wall from ground to

roof.

• Apartment buildings with two or more units, including rentals, apartment-type condominiums, and cooperatives. Includes high-rise, low-rise, or any structures

containing two or more housing units other than attached

single-family houses.

• Hotels, motels, and tourist cabins. Includes hotels,

motels, bed and breakfast inns, and tourist cabins

intended for transient accommodations. Also included

are hotel and motel conference centers.

• Other residential buildings. Includes dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, and other nonhousekeeping

residential structures.

• Office buildings. Includes all buildings which are used

primarily for office space or for government administrative offices. Also included are banks or financial buildings which are three stories or more. Medical office

buildings are reported under hospitals and institutional

buildings.

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• Other commercial buildings, such as stores, restaurants, and automobile service stations. Includes all

buildings which are intended for use primarily in the retail

and service trades. For example, shopping centers,

department stores, drug stores, restaurants, public garages,

auto service stations, and one or two story bank or

financial institutions.

• Industrial buildings. Includes all industrial buildings

and plants which are used to house production and

assembly activities. Note that industrial parks should be

classified under its primary usage such as warehouses,

office space, commercial or industrial type buildings.

Heavy industrial facilities such as blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, and chemical complexes are not included

in this category but are reported under nonbuilding

construction.

• Warehouses. Includes commercial warehouses, cold

storage plants, grain elevators, mini-warehouses, and

other such storage buildings.

• Religious buildings. Includes all buildings which are

intended for religious services or functions such as

churches, synagogues, convents, monasteries, and seminaries.

• Educational buildings. Includes all buildings which are

used directly in administrative and instructional activities

such as colleges, universities, elementary and secondary schools, correspondence, commercial, and trade

schools. Libraries, museums, and art galleries, as well as

laboratories which are not a part of a manufacturing or

commercial establishment, are also included.

• Hospitals and institutional buildings. Includes medical office buildings and all other buildings which are

intended to provide hospital and institutional care such

as clinics, infirmaries, sanitariums, nursing homes, homes

for the aged, and orphanages.

• Farm buildings, nonresidential. Includes nonresidential farm buildings such as barns, poultry houses, implement sheds, and farm silos.

• Amusement, social, and recreational buildings. Includes buildings which are used primarily for entertainment, social, and recreational activities such as sports

arenas, convention centers, theaters, music halls, golf

and country club buildings, skating rinks, fitness centers,

bowling alleys, and indoor swimming pools.

• Other nonresidential buildings. Includes nonresidential buildings which are not classified elsewhere such as

fire stations, post offices, bus and air passenger terminals and hangars, and prisons.

Nonbuilding construction:

• Highways, streets, and related work such as installation of guardrails, highway signs, and lighting. Includes streets, roads, alleys, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, culverts, right-of-way drainage, erosion control, and

lighting. Also includes earthwork protective structures

when used in connection with road improvements.

• Outdoor swimming pools. Includes wading pools and

reflecting pools.

• Airport runways and related work. Includes runways,

taxiways, aprons, and related work.

• Private driveways and parking areas. Includes all

nonstructural parking areas and private driveways of all

surface types.

• Fencing. Includes all types of fencing.

• Recreationalfacilities. Includes athletic fields,golf courses,

outdoor tennis courts, trails, and camps.

• Tunnels. Includes highway, pedestrian, railroad, and

water distribution tunnels.

• Bridges and elevated highways. Includes viaducts

and overpasses, roads, highways, railroads, and causeways built on structural supports.

• Dam and reservoir construction. Includes hydroelectric, water supply, and flood control dams and reservoirs.

• Marine construction. Includes dredging, underwater

rock removal, breakwaters, navigational channels, and

locks.

• Harbor and port facilities. Includes docks, piers, and

wharves.

• Conservation and development construction. Includes

land reclamation, irrigation projects, drainage canals,

levees, jetties, breakwaters, and flood control projects.

• Power and communication transmission lines, towers, and related facilities. Includes electric power lines,

telephone and telegraph lines, fiber optic cables, cable

television lines, television and radio towers, and electric

light and power facilities.

• Sewers, sewerlines, septic tanks, and related facilities. Includes sanitary and storm sewers, pumping stations, septic systems, and related facilities.

• Water mains and related facilities. Includes water

supply systems, pumping stations, and related facilities.

• Pipeline construction other than sewer or

waterlines. Includes pipelines for the transmission of

gas, petroleum products, and liquefied gases.

• Urban mass transit. Includes subways, trollies, street

cars, and light rail systems.

• Railroad construction. Includes the construction of

railroad beds, tracks, freight yards, and signal towers for

systems other than urban mass transit.

• Blast furnaces, petroleum refineries, chemical complexes, etc. Includes coke ovens and mining appurtenances such as tipples and washeries.

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• Power plants, nuclear. Includes atomic energy plants

and nuclear reactors.

• Power plants, and cogeneration plants, except nuclear. Includes electric and steam generating plants and

cogenerating plants.

• Sewage treatment plants. Includes sewage treatment

and waste disposal plants.

• Water treatment plants. Includes water filtration and

water softening plants.

• Ships. Includes special trade contractors working on

ships and boats such as painters, carpenters, joiners,

electricians, etc.

• Other nonbuilding construction. Includes all types of

nonbuilding construction not included elsewhere.

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Appendix B.

Standard Industrial Classification Titles for

Industry Groups and Industries

SIC

code Industry titles

15 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—GENERAL

CONTRACTORS AND OPERATIVE

BUILDERS

152 General Building Contractors—Residential

Buildings

1521 General Contractors—Single-Family Houses

1522 General Contractors—Residential Buildings,

Other Than Single-Family

153 Operative Builders

1531 Operative Builders

154 General Building Contractors—Nonresidential

Buildings

1541 General Contractors—Industrial Buildings and

Warehouses

1542 General Contractors—Nonresidential Buildings,

Other Than Industrial Buildings and Warehouses

16 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION OTHER THAN

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION—

CONTRACTORS

161 Highway and Street Construction, Except

Elevated Highways

1611 Highway and Street Construction Contractors,

Except Elevated Highways

162 Heavy Construction, Except Highway and

Street Construction

1622 Bridge, Tunnel, and Elevated Highway

Construction Contractors

1623 Water, Sewer, Pipeline, and Communications

and Power Line Construction Contractors

1629 Heavy Construction Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS

171 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

1711 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning

Special Trade Contractors

172 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

1721 Painting and Paper Hanging

Special Trade Contractors

SIC

code Industry titles

17 CONSTRUCTION—SPECIAL TRADE

CONTRACTORS—Con.

173 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

1731 Electrical Work Special Trade Contractors

174 Masonry, Stone Work, Tile Setting, and

Plastering Special Trade Contractors

1741 Masonry, Stone Setting, and Other Stone

Work Special Trade Contractors

1742 Plastering, Drywall, Acoustical, and Insulation

Work Special Trade Contractors

1743 Terrazzo, Tile, Marble, and Mosaic Work

Special Trade Contractors

175 Carpentry and Floor Work Special Trade

Contractors

1751 Carpentry Work Special Trade Contractors

1752 Floor Laying and Other Floor Work Special

Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

176 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

1761 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Work

Special Trade Contractors

177 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

1771 Concrete Work Special Trade Contractors

178 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

1781 Water Well Drilling Special Trade Contractors

179 Miscellaneous Special Trade Contractors

1791 Structural Steel Erection Special Trade

Contractors

1793 Glass and Glazing Work Special Trade

Contractors

1794 Excavation Work Special Trade Contractors

1795 Wrecking and Demolition Work Special

Trade Contractors

1796 Installation or Erection of Building Equipment,

Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

1799 Special Trade Contractors, Not Elsewhere

Classified

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Appendix C.

Geographic Divisions and States

NEW ENGLAND STATES

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES

Iowa

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES—Con.

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

MOUNTAIN STATES

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

PACIFIC STATES

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

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1992 CENSUS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES

The Census of Construction Industries is taken once

every 5 years. The census covers all establishments

engaged in construction, including:

• Building contractors

• Heavy construction contractors

• Special trade contractors (including plumbers, carpenters, painters, electricians)

Data products in the census of construction industries are

issued in four publication series and in three media:

Printed reports [P]

CD-ROM [C]

Highlights online [+ ]

Preliminary Industry Series

(CC92-I-1(P) to -27(P))

(Available July 1994 through January 1995) [P] [C]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing national statistics for establishments with payroll. Statistics shown for 1992 include:

• Number of establishments

• Number of employees

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done, by type of structure

• Selected operating costs

Final Industry Series

(CC92-I-1 to -27)

(Available April 1995 through August 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Twenty-six separate industry reports and a U.S. summary report, providing statistics for the Nation and individual States on establishments with payroll. These reports

update figures from the preliminary industry series (employment, payroll, value of construction, etc.) and provide

measures of the following:

• Capital expenditures

• Inventories

• Industry profiles

• Assets

• Depreciation

• And much more

Geographic Area Series

(CC92-A-1 to -10)

(Available August 1995 through December 1995) [P] [C] [+ ]

Nine reports on the construction industries, representing each census geographic division, and a U.S. summary

report. Regional reports provide detailed data for States

and metropolitan areas.

Subject Report—Legal Form of Organization

and Type of Operation (CC92-S-1)

(Available August 1995) [P] [C]

One report providing selected national statistics for

each industry by legal form of organization and type of

operation. This report includes data for establishments

with and without payroll. Data in this report include—

• Employment

• Payroll

• Value of construction work done

• Selected operating costs

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUS REPORTS

The census of construction industries is part of the 1992

Economic Census. The economic census is conducted at

5-year intervals in years ending in 2 and 7 and consists of

eight separate censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and

Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

...plus several related programs: enterprise statistics; information on minority-owned and women-owned businesses;

and the census of outlying areas, including separate

economic census of Puerto Rico and other outlying areas.

The census of agriculture and census of governments are

conducted separately.

HOW TO ORDER DATA PRODUCTS

Order forms for the specific reports and other data

products may be obtained from Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300. If you have any questions, call

Census Customer Services 1-301-457-4100.

Publication Program