Joint Publication 1-02

Department of Defense

Dictionary of

Military and Associated Terms

8 November 2010

(As Amended Through

15 June 2015)

PREFACE

i

1. Scope

The Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms

sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of the 

Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their 

definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all 

DOD components.

2. Purpose

This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military 

and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD, with 

other federal agencies, and among the United States and its allies. 

3. Application 

This publication applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff, 

combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components. It is the primary terminology 

source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and planning documents.

Criteria for inclusion of terminology in JP 1-02 is enumerated in Department of Defense Instruction 

(DODI) 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology. 

4. Publication Format

This edition of JP 1-02 has been published in two basic parts:

a. Terms and definitions. These are annotated with the source publication.

b. Abbreviations and acronyms. The source publication establishes the authoritative context 

for proper understanding and management of the associated term. 
Preface

ii JP 1-02

5. JP 1-02 Online Availability and Update Schedule

JP 1-02 is accessible online as a searchable database and in PDF format at the following Internet 

address: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary and at the following NIPRNET address: 

https://jdeis.js.mil. The contents of JP 1-02 are updated on a monthly basis to include any terminology 

additions, modifications, or deletions made within the previous calendar month in accordance with 

CJCSI 5705.01.

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:

WILLIAM E. GORTNEY

Vice Admiral, USN

Director, Joint Staff
TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

MAIN BODY ......................................................................................................................................... 1

APPENDIX

A Abbreviations and Acronyms...........................................................................................A-1

B Administrative Instructions...............................................................................................B-1
Table of Contents

iv JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A

JP 1-02 1

acceptability — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the 

contemplated course of action is proportional, worth the cost, consistent with the law of war; 

and is militarily and politically supportable. See also adequacy; feasibility. (JP 5-0)

access — In counterintelligence and intelligence use, a. a way or means of approach to 

identify a target; or b. exploitable proximity to or ability to approach an individual, 

facility, or information that enables target to carry out the intended mission. (JP 2-01.2)

access to classified information — The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of 

classified information by persons with the proper security clearance and a need to know 

of specified classified information. (JP 2-01)

accompanying supplies — Unit supplies that deploy with forces. (JP 4-01.5)

accountability — The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer 

or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. (JP 1)

acoustic intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic 

phenomena. Also called ACINT. (JP 2-0)

acquisition and cross-servicing agreement — Agreement, negotiated on a bilateral basis 

with United States allies or coalition partners, that allow United Statesforces to exchange 

most common types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and 

equipment. Also called ACSA. See also cross-servicing. (JP 4-08)

actionable intelligence — Intelligence information that is directly useful to customers for 

immediate exploitation without having to go through the full intelligence production 

process. (JP 2-01.2)

action phase — In amphibious operations, the period of time between the arrival of the 

landing forces of the amphibious force in the operational area and the accomplishment 

of their mission. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force; 

mission. (JP 3-02)

activation — Order to active duty (other than for training) in the federal service. See also 

active duty; federal service. (JP 4-05) 

active air defense — Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the 

effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. See also

air defense. (JP 3-01)

active defense — The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a 

contested area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense. (JP 3-60)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

2 JP 1-02

active duty — Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States, including 

active duty or full-time training duty in the Reserve Component. Also called AD. See 

also active duty for training; inactive duty training. (JP 4-05)

active duty for special work — A tour of active duty for reserve personnel authorized from 

military and reserve personnel appropriations for work on active or reserve component 

programs. Also called ADSW. (JP 1-0)

active duty for training — A tour of active duty that is used for training members of the 

Reserve Component to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of the 

Armed Forces in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the national 

security requires. Also called ADT. (JP 4-05)

Active Guard and Reserve — National Guard and Reserve members who are on voluntary 

active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and Active 

Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, 

instructing, or training the Reserve Components. Also called AGR. (CJCSM 3150.13)

activity — 1. A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission. 2. A 

function, mission, action, or collection of actions. Also called ACT. (JP 3-0)

act of mercy — In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or 

elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders’ cause 

or plight. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50)

acute radiation dose — Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a period 

so short that biological recovery cannot occur. (JP 3-11)

acute radiation syndrome — An acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by a high dose 

of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time. Also called ARS. (JP 3-11)

Adaptive Planning and Execution system — A Department of Defense system of joint 

policies, processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications 

and information technology, that is used by the joint planning and execution community 

to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, 

redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with joint operations. Also called 

APEX system. (JP 5-0)

adequacy — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the scope and 

concept of planned operations can accomplish the assigned mission and comply with the 

planning guidance provided. See also acceptability; feasibility. (JP 5-0)

administrative chain of command — One of the two branches of the chain of command 

described in Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, 

through which command is exercised from the President through the Secretary of 

Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments, and from which forces are 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 3

assigned to combatant commands to compose the operational command structure 

baseline. (DODI 8260.03)

administrative command structure — The organizational hierarchy through which 

administrative leadership is exercised, as contrasted by the operational command 

structure through which operational authority is exercised. (DODI 8260.03)

administrative contracting officer — Contracting officer whose primary duties involve 

contract administration. Also called ACO. See also contracting officer; procuring 

contracting officer. (JP 4-10)

administrative control — Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other 

organizations in respect to administration and support. Also called ADCON. (JP 1)

administrative loading — A loading method that gives primary consideration to achieving 

maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical considerations. 

Also called commercial loading. (JP 3-02.1)

advanced base — A base located in or near an operational area whose primary mission is to 

support military operations. (JP 3-34)

advanced force operations — Operations conducted to refine the location of specific, 

identified targets and further develop the operational environment for near-term 

missions. Also called AFO. (JP 3-05

advance guard — Detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted 

advance; to protect the main body against surprise; to facilitate the advance by removing 

obstacles and repairing roads and bridges; and to cover the deployment of the main body 

if it is committed to action. (JP 3-07.2)

adversary — A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against 

which the use of force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0)

adversary template — A model based on an adversary’s known or postulated preferred 

methods of operation illustrating the disposition and activity of adversary forces and 

assets conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the impact of the operational 

environment. (JP 2-01.3)

Aegis — A ship-based combat system that can detect, track, target, and engage air, surface, 

and subsurface threats, including ballistic missiles on some modified ships. (JP 3-01)

aerial port — An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of 

personnel and materiel as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from 

the country where located. Also called APORT. See also port of debarkation; port of 

embarkation. (JP 3-17)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

4 JP 1-02

aerial port squadron — An Air Force organization that operates and provides the functions 

assigned to aerial ports. (JP 4-01.5)

aeromedical evacuation — The movement of patients under medical supervision to and 

between medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02)

aeromedical evacuation control team — A core team assigned to a component-numbered 

air force air operations center air mobility division that provides operational planning, 

scheduling, and execution of theater aeromedical evacuation missions and positioning of 

aeromedical evacuation ground forces. Also called AECT. See also aeromedical 

evacuation; air mobility division. (JP 3-17)

aeromedical evacuation unit — An operational medical organization concerned primarily 

with the management and control of patients being transported via an aeromedical 

evacuation system or system echelon. (JP 4-02)

aeronautical chart — A specialized representation of mapped features of the Earth, or some 

part of it, produced to show selected terrain, cultural and hydrographic features, and 

supplemental information required for air navigation, pilotage, or for planning air 

operations. (JP 2-03)

aerospace defense — 1. All defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking 

enemy aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. 2. An inclusive term 

encompassing air defense, ballistic missile defense, and space defense. See also air 

defense; space defense. (JP 3-27)

afloat pre-positioning force — Shipping maintained in full operational status to afloat preposition military equipment and supplies in support of combatant commanders’ operation 

plans, consisting of the three maritime pre-positioning ships squadrons, the Army’s afloat 

pre-positioning stocks-3 ships, and the Defense Logistics Agency, and the Air Force ships. 

Also called APF. See also maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 4-01.2)

afloat pre-positioning operations — Pre-positioning of ships, preloaded with equipment and 

supplies that provides for an alternative to land-based programs. Also called APO. See 

also operation. (JP 4-01.6)

agency — In intelligence usage, an organization or individual engaged in collecting and/or 

processing information. Also called collection agency. See also agent; intelligence 

process; source. (JP 2-01) 

agent — In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in 

obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. (JP 2-01.2)

aimpoint — 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. 

2. A prominent radar-significant feature used to assist an aircrew in navigating and 

delivering their weapons. See also desired point of impact. (JP 3-60)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 5

air and missile defense — Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, 

nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against 

friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01)

air apportionment — The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by 

percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a 

given period of time. (JP 3-0)

air assault — The movement of friendly assault forces by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and 

destroy enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. See also assault. (JP 3-18)

air assault force — A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units 

organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) 

air assault operation — An operation in which assault forces, using the mobility of rotarywing assets and the total integration of available firepower, maneuver under the control 

of a ground or air maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key 

terrain. (JP 3-18)

airborne — 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained to effect, following transport 

by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown. 2. In relation to 

equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use by airborne 

troops during or after an assault debarkation as well as some aeronautical equipment used 

to accomplish a particular mission. 3. When applied to materiel, items that form an 

integral part of the aircraft. 4. The state of an aircraft, from the instant it becomes entirely 

sustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained. Also called ABN. (JP 3-17)

airborne alert — A state of aircraft readiness wherein combat-equipped aircraft are airborne 

and ready for immediate action to reduce reaction time and to increase survivability. See 

also combat air patrol; ground alert. (JP 3-01)

airborne assault — The use of airborne forces to parachute into an objective area to attack 

and eliminate armed resistance and secure designated objectives. (JP 3-18)

airborne early warning — The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other 

equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly 

units. Also called AEW. (JP 3-52)

airborne mission coordinator — The designated individual that serves as an airborne 

extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the 

personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. See also combat search and rescue; 

combat search and rescue task force; personnel recovery coordination cell. 

(JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

6 JP 1-02

airborne operation — An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of 

combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or 

strategic mission. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-18)

air-breathing missile — A missile with an engine requiring the intake of air for combustion 

of its fuel, as in a ramjet or turbojet. (JP 3-01)

air-capable ship — A ship other than an aircraft carrier, nuclear; amphibious assault ship

(general purpose); or amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) from which aircraft can 

take off, be recovered, or routinely receive and transfer logistic support. Also called 

ACS. (JP 3-04)

air corridor — A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and

established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by friendly 

forces. (JP 3-52)

aircraft carrier — A warship designed to support and operate aircraft, engage in attacks on 

targets afloat or ashore, and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces. 

Also called CV or CVN. (JP 3-32)

air defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles 

in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called 

AD. See also active air defense; aerospace defense; passive air defense. (JP 3-01)

air defense area — 1. overseas — A specifically defined airspace for which air defense must 

be planned and provided. 2. United States — Airspace of defined dimensions 

designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne vehicles 

is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency. (JP 3-01)

air defense artillery — Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the 

ground. Also called ADA. (JP 3-01)

air defense identification zone — Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready 

identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. Also called ADIZ. 

(JP 3-52)

air defense region — A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01)

air defense sector — A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01)

air defense warning condition — An air defense warning given in the form of a color code 

corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an 

attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile aircraft 

or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by hostile aircraft 

or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 7

air domain — The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude 

where its effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30)

airdrop — The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. See also air 

movement; free drop; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17)

air expeditionary task force — A deployed numbered air force or command echelon 

immediately subordinate to a numbered air force provided as the United States Air Force 

component command committed to a joint operation. Also called AETF. (JP 3-30)

airfield — An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, 

and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing 

area; landing site. (JP 3-17)

Air Force special operations air component — The Air Force component of a joint special 

operations force, normally composed of a special operations wing, special operations 

group, or squadron, and element of an Air Force special tactics personnel. Also called 

AFSOAC. (JP 3-05)

Air Force special operations air detachment — A squadron-size headquarters that could 

be a composite organization composed of different Air Force special operations assets, 

normally subordinate to an Air Force special operations air component, joint special 

operations air component, joint special operations task force, or a joint task force. Also 

called AFSOAD. (JP 3-05)

Air Force special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Air Force 

forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called AFSOF. (JP 3-05)

airhead — 1. A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when 

seized and held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and provides 

the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. Also called a lodgment area. 

(JP 3-18) 2. A designated location in an operational area used as a base for supply and 

evacuation by air. See also beachhead. (JP 3-17)

airhead line — A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. See 

also airhead; assault phase; objective area. (JP 3-18)

air interdiction — Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s 

military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against friendly 

forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances from 

friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement 

of friendly forces is not required. (JP 3-03)

airland — Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an

aircraft is hovering. See also air movement. (JP 3-17)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

8 JP 1-02

air land operation — An operation involving movement by air with a designated destination 

for further ground deployment of units and personnel and/or further ground distribution 

of supplies. See also airland. (JP 3-17)

air liaison officer — The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit 

who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. Also called 

ALO. See also liaison. (JP 3-09.3)

airlift capability — The total capacity expressed in terms of number of passengers and/or 

weight/cubic displacement of cargo that can be carried at any one time to a given 

destination by available airlift. See also airlift requirement. (JP 3-17)

airlift control team — A core team within the joint air operations center with intratheater 

airlift functional expertise to plan, coordinate, manage, and execute intratheater airlift 

operations in support of the joint force air component commander. Also called ALCT. 

See also air operations center; air mobility division; intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17)

airlift mission commander — A commander designated when airlift aircraft are 

participating in airlift operations specified in the implementing directive. See also joint 

force air component commander. (JP 3-17)

airlift requirement — The total number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of 

cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task. See also airlift capability. 

(JP 3-17)

air mobility — The rapid movement of personnel, materiel and forces to and from or within 

a theater by air. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

Air Mobility Command — The Air Force component command of the United States

Transportation Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-17)

air mobility control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that directs 

or redirects air mobility forces in response to requirements changes, higher priorities, or 

immediate execution requirements. Also called AMCT. See also air operations 

center; air mobility; air mobility division. (JP 3-17)

air mobility division — Located in the joint air operations center to plan, coordinate, task, 

and execute the air mobility mission consisting of the air mobility control team, airlift 

control team, air refueling control team, and aeromedical evacuation control team. Also 

called AMD. See also air mobility; joint air operations center. (JP 3-17)

air mobility liaison officer — A rated United States Air Force mobility air forces officer 

selected, trained, and equipped to assess, train, advise, and assist with mobility air forces 

and ground force integration for air movement and sustainment. Also called AMLO. 

(JP 3-17)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 9

air movement — Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including 

airdrops and air landings. See also airdrop; airland. (JP 3-17)

air operations center — The senior agency of the Air Force component commander that 

provides command and control of Air Force air and space operations and coordinates 

with other components and Services. Also called AOC. (JP 3-30) 

air refueling — The refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft. Also called AR. 

(JP 3-17)

air refueling control team — A core team within the joint air operations center that 

coordinates aerial refueling to support combat air operations or to support a strategic 

airbridge. Also called ARCT. See also air operations center; air mobility division; 

air refueling. (JP 3-17)

air route — The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary for 

the application of flight rules. (JP 3-52)

air sovereignty — A nation’s inherent right to exercise absolute control and authority over 

the airspace above its territory. (JP 3-27)

airspace control — Capabilities and procedures used to increase operational effectiveness by 

promoting the safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52)

airspace control area — Airspace that is laterally defined by the boundaries of the 

operational area, and may be subdivided into airspace control sectors. (JP 3-01)

airspace control authority — The commander designated to assume overall responsibility 

for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called 

ACA. See also airspace control; airspace control area; airspace control system; 

control; operation. (JP 3-52)

airspace control order — An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides the 

details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures. Also called ACO. 

(JP 3-52)

airspace control plan — The document approved by the joint force commander that provides 

specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for the joint 

force operational area. Also called ACP. See also airspace control system; joint force 

commander. (JP 3-52)

airspace control procedures — Rules, mechanisms, and directions that facilitate the control 

and use of airspace of specified dimensions. See also airspace control authority; 

airspace control order; airspace control plan. (JP 3-52)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

10 JP 1-02

airspace control system — An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, 

procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called 

ACS. (JP 3-52)

airspace coordinating measures — Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of 

airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly 

forces. Also called ACMs. See also airspace control area; airspace coordination 

area; high-density airspace control zone; weapons engagement zone. (JP 3-52)

airspace coordination area — A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, 

established by the appropriate commander, in which friendly aircraft are reasonably safe 

from friendly surface fires. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3)

airspace management — The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of airspace 

of defined dimensions. (JP 3-52)

air superiority — That degree of dominance in the air battle by one force that permits the 

conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference from 

air and missile threats. (JP 3-01)

air support coordination section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy 

tactical air control center designated to coordinate, control, and integrate all direct 

support aircraft and assault support operations. Also called ASCS. (JP 3-02)

air support operations center — The principal air control agency of the theater air control 

system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the 

ground combat element. Also called ASOC. See also close air support; operation; 

tactical air control center. (JP 3-09.3)

air support request — A means to request preplanned and immediate close air support, air 

interdiction, air reconnaissance, surveillance, escort, helicopter airlift, and other aircraft 

missions. Also called AIRSUPREQ. (JP 3-30)

air supremacy — That degree of air superiority wherein the opposing force is incapable of 

effective interference within the operational area using air and missile threats. (JP 3-01)

air tasking order — A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate 

units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to 

targets and specific missions. Also called ATO. (JP 3-30)

air terminal — A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and 

accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing of 

traffic. (JP 3-17)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 11

air traffic control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air 

control center designed to provide initial safe passage, radar control, and surveillance for 

close air support aircraft in the operational area. Also called ATCS. (JP 3-02)

alert order — 1. A crisis action planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by 

the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that provides essential guidance for planning 

and directs the initiation of execution planning for the selected course of action 

authorized by the Secretary of Defense. 2. A planning directive that provides essential 

planning guidance, directs the initiation of execution planning after the directing 

authority approves a military course of action, but does not authorize execution. Also 

called ALERTORD. See also course of action; execution planning. (JP 5-0)

all appropriate action — Action taken in self-defense that is reasonable in intensity, 

duration, and magnitude, based on all the facts known to the commander at the time. 

(JP 3-68)

alliance — The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more 

nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members. 

See also coalition; multinational. (JP 3-0)

allocation —Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing 

requirements. See also apportionment. (JP 5-0)

allocation request — A daily message that provides an estimate of the total air effort, to 

identify any excess and joint force general support aircraft sorties, and to identify unfilled 

air requirements for preplanned missions. Also called ALLOREQ. (JP 3-30)

allowable cabin load — The maximum payload that can be carried on an individual sortie. 

Also called ACL. (JP 3-17)

all-source intelligence — 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that 

incorporate all sources of information in the production of finished intelligence. 2. In 

intelligence collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence 

requirements, all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and 

resources are identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also

intelligence. (JP 2-0)

American Forces Radio and Television Service — A worldwide radio and television 

broadcasting organization that provides United States military commanders overseas and 

at sea with sufficient electronic media resources to effectively communicate theater, 

local, Department of Defense, and Service-unique command information to their 

personnel and family members. Also called AFRTS. (JP 3-61)

ammunition lot — A quantity of homogeneous ammunition, identified by a unique lot 

number, which is manufactured, assembled, or renovated by one producer under uniform 

conditions and which is expected to function in a uniform manner. (JP 3-04)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

12 JP 1-02

amphibian — A small craft, propelled by propellers and wheels or by air cushions for the 

purpose of moving on both land and water. (JP 4-01.6)

amphibious advance force — A temporary support force assigned to the amphibious force 

that conducts shaping operations in the amphibious objective area or operational area 

prior to the arrival of the amphibious force. (JP 3-02)

amphibious air traffic control center — The centralized air traffic control agency on an 

amphibious warfare ship responsible for operational control of aircraft departing from 

and recovering on the ship and tactical control of airborne helicopters in support of 

amphibious assaults. Also called AATCC. (JP 3-02)

amphibious assault — A type of amphibious operation that involves establishing a force on 

a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-02)

amphibious assault vehicle launching area — An area, in the vicinity of and to seaward of 

the line of departure, to which landing ships proceed and launch amphibious assault 

vehicles. (JP 3-02)

amphibious breaching — The conduct of a deliberate breaching operation specifically 

designed to overcome antilanding defenses in order to conduct an amphibious assault.

(JP 3-02)

amphibious bulk liquid transfer system — Hosereel system providing capability to deliver 

fuel and/or water from ship to shore. Also called ABLTS. (JP 4-01.6)

amphibious construction battalion — A permanently commissioned naval unit, subordinate 

to the commander, naval beach group, designed to provide an administrative unit from 

which personnel and equipment are formed in tactical elements and made available to 

appropriate commanders to operate causeways, transfer barges, warping tugs, and assault 

bulk fuel systems, and to meet salvage requirements of the naval beach party. Also called 

PHIBCB. (JP 3-02)

amphibious defense zone — The area encompassing the amphibious objective area and the 

adjoining airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air defense. 

Also called an ADZ. (JP 3-02)

amphibious demonstration — A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose of 

deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy into 

following an unfavorable course of action. (JP 3-02)

amphibious force — An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces 

that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations. Also called AF. See 

also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; landing force. (JP 3-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 13

amphibious objective area — A geographical area of sufficient size for conducting 

necessary sea, air, and land operations, and within which is located the objective(s) to be 

secured by the amphibious force. Also called AOA. See also amphibious force; 

mission. (JP 3-02)

amphibious operation — A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious force 

to conduct landing force operations within the littorals. Also called PHIBOP. See also 

amphibious force; landing force; mission; operation. (JP 3-02)

amphibious raid — A type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into or 

temporary occupation of an objective followed by a planned withdrawal. See also

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

amphibious squadron — A tactical and administrative organization composed of 

amphibious warfare ships used to transport troops and their equipment for an amphibious 

operation. Also called PHIBRON. (JP 3-02)

amphibious task force — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious 

operations. Also called ATF. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; 

landing force. (JP 3-02)

amphibious vehicle — A wheeled or tracked vehicle capable of operating on both land and 

water. See also landing craft. (JP 3-02)

amphibious vehicle availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of amphibious 

vehicles available primarily for assault landings and for support of other elements of the 

operation. (JP 3-02)

amphibious vehicle employment plan — A plan showing in tabular form the planned 

employment of amphibious vehicles in landing operations, including their employment 

after the initial movement to the beach. (JP 3-02)

amphibious warfare ship — A combatant ship having organic capability to embark, land, 

and support landing forces in amphibious operations and which has characteristics 

enabling long duration operations on the high seas. (JP 3-02)

amphibious withdrawal — A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of 

forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also 

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

analysis and production — In intelligence usage, the conversion of processed information 

into intelligence through the integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all 

source data and the preparation of intelligence products in support of known or 

anticipated user requirements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

14 JP 1-02

antemortem data — Medical records, samples, and photographs taken prior to death. These 

include (but are not limited to) fingerprints, dental x-rays, body tissue samples, 

photographs of tattoos, or other identifying marks. These “pre-death” records would be 

compared against records completed after death to help establish a positive identification 

of human remains. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06)

antideficiency violations — The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure 

(outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified 

in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 1-06)

antiradiation missile — A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. Also called 

ARM. See also guided missile. (JP 3-01)

antisubmarine warfare — Operations conducted with the intention of denying the enemy 

the effective use of submarines. Also called ASW. (JP 3-32)

antiterrorism — Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and 

property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian 

forces. Also called AT. See also counterterrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

anti-vehicle land mine — A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a vehicle. Also called 

AVL. (JP 3-15)

application — 1. The system or problem to which a computer is applied. 2. In the intelligence 

context, the direct extraction and tailoring of information from an existing foundation of 

intelligence and near real time reporting. (JP 2-0)

apportionment — In the general sense, distribution of forces and capabilities as the starting 

point for planning, etc. See also allocation. (JP 5-0) 

approach schedule — In amphibious operations, this schedule indicates, for each scheduled 

wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of departure, and 

from other control points and the time of arrival at the beach. (JP 3-02)

apron — A defined area on an airfield intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of 

loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. (JP 3-34)

area air defense commander — The component commander with the preponderance of air 

defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities

who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air defense 

operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01)

area command — A command that is composed of elements of one or more of the Services, 

organized and placed under a single commander and designated to operate in a specific 

geographical area. See also command. (JP 3-10)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 15

area damage control — Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action or natural or 

manmade disasters, to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its effects. Also 

called ADC. (JP 3-10)

area of influence — A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of 

influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the 

commander’s command or control. (JP 3-0)

area of interest — That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, 

areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. This area also includes areas 

occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. 

Also called AOI. See also area of influence. (JP 3-0)

area of operations — An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land and 

maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect 

their forces. Also called AO. See also area of responsibility; joint operations area; 

joint special operations area. (JP 3-0)

area of responsibility — The geographical area associated with a combatant command 

within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct 

operations. Also called AOR. See also combatant command. (JP 1)

area search — Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas. (JP 3-50)

Armed Forces of the United States — A term used to denote collectively all components of 

the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard (when mobilized under Title 

10, United States Code, to augment the Navy). See also United States Armed Forces. 

(JP 1)

arming — As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition, the changing from a safe 

condition to a state of readiness for initiation. (JP 3-15)

arms control agreement — The written or unwritten embodiment of the acceptance of one 

or more arms control measures by two or more nations. (JP 2-01)

Army air-ground system — The Army system which provides for interface between Army 

and tactical air support agencies of other Services in the planning, evaluating, processing, 

and coordinating of air support requirements and operations. Also called AAGS. 

(JP 3-09.3)

Army corps — An intermediate headquarters between divisions and the theater army 

consisting of two or more divisions together with supporting brigades. (JP 3-31)

Army Service component command — Command responsible for recommendations to the 

joint force commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a 

combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

16 JP 1-02

Army special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Army forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05)

Army support area — The specific support area for a theater Army that is outside of a 

division or corps’s operational area established primarily for the positioning, 

employment, and protection of theater support units; and where the majority of the 

sustaining operations occur. (JP 3-31)

arrival zone — In counterdrug operations, the area in or adjacent to the United States where 

smuggling concludes and domestic distribution begins (by air, an airstrip; by sea, an 

offload point on land, or transfer to small boats). See also transit zone. (JP 3-07.4)

ascent phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle that begins 

after powered flight and ends just prior to apogee. (JP 3-01)

assault — 1. In an amphibious operation, the period of time between the arrival of the major 

assault forces of the amphibious task force in the objective area and the accomplishment 

of the amphibious task force mission. (JP 3-02) 2. To make a short, violent, but wellordered attack against a local objective, such as a gun emplacement, a fort, or a machine 

gun nest. (JP 3-18) 3. A phase of an airborne operation beginning with delivery by air 

of the assault echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of 

assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault phase. 

(JP 3-18)

assault breaching — A part of amphibious breaching in support of an amphibious assault 

involving a fire support mission using precision guided munitions to neutralize mines 

and obstacles in the surf zone and on the beach. (JP 3-02)

assault craft unit — A permanently commissioned naval organization, subordinate to the 

commander, naval beach group, that contains landing craft and crews necessary to 

provide lighterage required in an amphibious operation. Also called ACU. (JP 3-02)

assault echelon — In amphibious operations, the element of a force comprised of tailored 

units and aircraft assigned to conduct the initial assault on the operational area. Also 

called AE. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

assault follow-on echelon — In amphibious operations, that echelon of the assault troops, 

vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and supplies that, though not needed to initiate the assault, 

is required to support and sustain the assault. Also called AFOE. (JP 3-02)

assault phase —In an airborne operation, a phase beginning with delivery by air of the assault 

echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of assault 

objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault. (JP 3-18)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 17

assault schedule — In amphibious operations, this schedule provides the formation, 

composition, and timing of waves landing over the beach. (JP 3-02)

assessment — 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing 

joint force capabilities during military operations. 2. Determination of the progress 

toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. 3. Analysis 

of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned intelligence activity. 

4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of present or prospective 

employees or “agents.” (JP 3-0)

assessment agent — The organization responsible for conducting an assessment of an 

approved joint publication. Also called AA. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

asset validation — In intelligence use, the process used to determine the asset authenticity, 

reliability, utility, suitability, and degree of control the case officer or others have. 

(JP 2-01.2)

asset visibility — Provides users with information on the location, movement, status, and 

identity of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies, which facilitates the capability to 

act upon that information to improve overall performance of the Department of 

Defense’s logistics practices. Also called AV. (JP 3-35)

assign — 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively 

permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or 

personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or 

personnel. 2. To detail individuals to specific duties or functions where such duties or 

functions are primary and/or relatively permanent. See also attach. (JP 3-0)

assistance in kind — The provision of material and services for a logistic exchange of 

materials and services of equal value between the governments of eligible countries. 

Also called AIK. (JP 1-06)

assumption — A supposition on the current situation or a presupposition on the future course 

of events, either or both assumed to be true in the absence of positive proof, necessary to 

enable the commander in the process of planning to complete an estimate of the situation 

and make a decision on the course of action. (JP 5-0)

asymmetric — In military operations the application of dissimilar strategies, tactics, 

capabilities, and methods to circumvent or negate an opponent’s strengths while 

exploiting his weaknesses. (JP 3-15.1)

atmospheric environment — The envelope of air surrounding the Earth, including its 

interfaces and interactions with the Earth’s solid or liquid surface. (JP 3-59)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

18 JP 1-02

attach — 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is 

relatively temporary. 2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such 

functions are secondary or relatively temporary. See also assign. (JP 3-0)

attack assessment — An evaluation of information to determine the potential or actual nature 

and objectives of an attack for the purpose of providing information for timely decisions. 

See also damage estimation. (JP 3-14)

attack group — A subordinate task organization of the Navy forces of an amphibious task 

force composed of amphibious warfare ships and supporting naval units designated to 

transport, protect, land, and initially support a landing group. (JP 3-02)

attack heading — 1. The interceptor heading during the attack phase that will achieve the 

desired track-crossing angle. 2. The assigned magnetic compass heading to be flown by

aircraft during the delivery phase of an air strike. (JP 3-09.3)

attack position — The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the line 

of departure. (JP 3-09.3)

attack the network operations — Lethal and nonlethal actions and operations against 

networks conducted continuously and simultaneously at multiple levels (tactical, 

operational, and strategic) that capitalize on or create key vulnerabilities and disrupt 

activities to eliminate the enemy’s ability to function in order to enable success of the 

operation or campaign. Also called AtN operations. (JP 3-15.1)

augmentation forces — Forces to be transferred from a supporting combatant commander 

to the combatant command (command authority) or operational control of a supported 

combatant commander during the execution of an operation order approved by the 

President and Secretary of Defense. (JP 5-0)

authenticate — A challenge given by voice or electrical means to attest to the authenticity of 

a person, message, or transmission. (JP 3-50)

authentication — 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system 

against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the validity 

of a transmission, message, or originator. 2. A means of identifying individuals and 

verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. 3. Evidence by 

proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. 4. In personnel recovery 

missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. See also 

evader; evasion; recovery operations; security. (JP 3-50)

authenticator — A symbol or group of symbols, or a series of bits, selected or derived in a 

prearranged manner and usually inserted at a predetermined point within a message or 

transmission for the purpose of attesting to the validity of the message or transmission. 

(JP 3-13.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 19

authorization data — Department of Defense military and civilian manpower and 

equipment resources authorized by law. (DODI 8260.03)

authorization inventory — The set of manpower and equipment authorizations associated 

with one or more organization. (DODI 8260.03)

authorized departure — A procedure, short of ordered departure, by which mission 

employees or dependents or both, are permitted to leave post in advance of normal 

rotation when the national interests or imminent threat to life require it. (JP 3-68)

Automated Repatriation Reporting System — The Defense Manpower Data Center uses 

this system to track the status of noncombatant evacuees after they have arrived in an 

initial safe haven in the United States. (JP 3-68)

automatic identification technology — A suite of technologies enabling the automatic 

capture of data, thereby enhancing the ability to identify, track, document, and control 

assets (e.g., materiel), deploying and redeploying forces, equipment, personnel, and 

sustainment cargo. Also called AIT. (JP 4-09)

autonomous operation — In air defense, the mode of operation assumed by a unit after it 

has lost all communications with higher echelons forcing the unit commander to assume 

full responsibility for control of weapons and engagement of hostile targets. (JP 3-01)

available-to-load date — A date specified for each unit in a time-phased force and 

deployment data indicating when that unit will be ready to load at the point of 

embarkation. Also called ALD. (JP 5-0)

avenue of approach — An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading 

to its objective or to key terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3)

aviation medicine — The special field of medicine which is related to the biological and 

psychological problems of flight. (JP 4-02)

axis of advance — A line of advance assigned for purposes of control; often a road or a group 

of roads, or a designated series of locations, extending in the direction of the enemy. 

(JP 3-03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

20 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

B

JP 1-02 21

backfill — Reserve Component units and individuals recalled to replace deploying active 

units and/or individuals in the continental United States and outside the continental 

United States. See also Reserve Component. (JP 4-05)

bale cubic capacity — The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside of 

the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the underside of the beams. (JP 4-01.2)

ballistic missile — Any missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce 

lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. See also

guided missile. (JP 3-01)

barrier — A coordinated series of natural or man-made obstacles designed or employed to 

channel, direct, restrict, delay, or stop the movement of an opposing force and to impose 

additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15)

barrier combat air patrol — One or more divisions or elements of fighter aircraft employed 

between a force and an objective area as a barrier across the probable direction of enemy 

attack. See also combat air patrol. (JP 3-01)

barrier, obstacle, and mine warfare plan — A comprehensive, coordinated plan that 

includes responsibilities; general location of unspecified and specific barriers, obstacles, 

and minefields; special instructions; limitations; coordination; and completion times; and 

may designate locations of obstacle zones or belts. (JP 3-15)

base — 1. A locality from which operations are projected or supported. 2. An area or locality 

containing installations which provide logistic or other support. 3. Home airfield or home 

carrier. See also facility. (JP 4-0)

base boundary — A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of 

facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, 

formations, or areas. (JP 3-10)

base cluster — In base defense operations, a collection of bases, geographically grouped for 

mutual protection and ease of command and control. (JP 3-10)

base cluster commander — In base defense operations, a senior base commander designated 

by the joint force commander responsible for coordinating the defense of bases within 

the base cluster and for integrating defense plans of bases into a base cluster defense plan. 

(JP 3-10)

base cluster operations center — A command and control facility that serves as the base 

cluster commander’s focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also called 

BCOC. (JP 3-10)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

22 JP 1-02

base defense — The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to nullify 

or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure that the 

maximum capacity of its facilities is available to United States forces. (JP 3-10)

base defense operations center — A command and control facility established by the base 

commander to serve as the focal point for base security and defense. Also called BDOC. 

(JP 3-10)

base defense zone — An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the 

engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. 

Also called BDZ. (JP 3-52)

base development (less force beddown) — The acquisition, development, expansion, 

improvement, construction and/or replacement of the facilities and resources of a 

location to support forces. (JP 3-34)

baseline costs — The continuing annual costs of military operations funded by the operations 

and maintenance and military personnel appropriations. (JP 1-06)

base operating support — Directly assisting, maintaining, supplying, and distributing 

support of forces at the operating location. Also called BOS. (JP 4-0)

base operating support-integrator — The designated Service component or joint task force 

commander assigned to synchronize all sustainment functions for a contingency base. 

Also called BOS-I. (JP 4-0)

base plan — A type of operation plan that describes the concept of operations, major forces, 

sustainment concept, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission without 

annexes or time-phased force and deployment data. Also called BPLAN. (JP 5-0)

base support installation — A Department of Defense Service or agency installation within 

the United States and its territories tasked to serve as a base for military forces engaged 

in either homeland defense or defense support of civil authorities. Also called BSI. 

(JP 3-28)

basic encyclopedia — A compilation of identified installations and physical areas of potential 

significance as objectives for attack. Also called BE. (JP 2-01)

basic load — The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be moved 

by, a unit or formation, expressed according to the wartime organization of the unit or 

formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JP 4-09)

battalion landing team — In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion normally 

reinforced by necessary combat and service elements; the basic unit for planning an 

assault landing. Also called BLT. (JP 3-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 23

battle damage assessment — The estimate of damage composed of physical and functional 

damage assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application 

of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. See also combat assessment. 

(JP 3-0)

battle damage repair — Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly in a 

battle environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary 

service. Also called BDR. (JP 4-09)

battlefield coordination detachment — An Army liaison located in the air operations center 

that provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air 

component commander. Also called BCD. See also air operations center; liaison. 

(JP 3-03)

battle injury — Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle 

conditions. Also called BI. (JP 4-02)

battle management — The management of activities within the operational environment 

based on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. Also 

called BM. (JP 3-01)

beach — 1. The area extending from the shoreline inland to a marked change in physiographic 

form or material, or to the line of permanent vegetation (coastline). 2. In amphibious 

operations, that portion of the shoreline designated for landing of a tactical organization. 

(JP 3-02)

beachhead — A designated area on a hostile or potentially hostile shore that, when seized 

and held, ensures the continuous landing of troops and materiel, and provides maneuver 

space requisite for subsequent projected operations ashore. (JP 3-02)

beachmaster unit — A commissioned naval unit of the naval beach group designed to 

provide to the shore party a Navy component known as a beach party, which is capable 

of supporting the amphibious landing of one division (reinforced). Also called BMU. 

See also beach party; naval beach group; shore party. (JP 4-01.6)

beach party — The Navy component of the landing force support party under the tactical 

control of the landing force support party commander. See also beachmaster unit; 

shore party. (JP 3-02)

beach support area — In amphibious operations, the area to the rear of a landing force or 

elements thereof, that contains the facilities for the unloading of troops and materiel and 

the support of the forces ashore. Also called BSA. (JP 3-02)

begin morning civil twilight — The period of time at which the sun is halfway between 

beginning morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see 

objects clearly with the unaided eye. Also called BMCT. (JP 2-01.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

24 JP 1-02

begin morning nautical twilight — The start of that period where, in good conditions and 

in the absence of other illumination, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon and 

enough light is available to identify the general outlines of ground objects and conduct 

limited military operations. Also called BMNT. (JP 3-09.3)

believed-to-be — In mortuary affairs, the status of any human remains until a positive 

identification has been determined. Used interchangeably with tentative identification. 

Also called BTB. (JP 4-06)

berm — The nearly horizontal portion of a beach or backshore having an abrupt fall and 

either formed by deposition of material by wave action at the limit of ordinary high tide

or constructed to protect materials handling equipment during air cushion vehicle 

operations. (JP 4-01.6)

bill — A ship’s publication listing operational or administrative procedures. (JP 3-04)

biological agent — A microorganism (or a toxin derived from it) that causes disease in 

personnel, plants, or animals or causes the deterioration of materiel. See also chemical 

agent. (JP 3-11)

biological hazard — An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a threat 

to human or animal health. (JP 3-11)

biometrics — The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, 

physiological, and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0)

biometrics-enabled intelligence — The intelligence derived from the processing of biologic 

identity data and other all-source for information concerning persons of interest. Also 

called BEI. (JP 2-0)

blister agent — A chemical agent that injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters the 

skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11)

blood agent — A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily 

functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11)

blood chit — A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in several 

languages to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be rewarded. See 

also evasion aid. (JP 3-50)

Blue Bark — US military personnel, US citizen civilian employees of the Department of 

Defense, and the dependents of both categories who travel in connection with the death 

of an immediate family member. It also applies to designated escorts for dependents of 

deceased military members. Furthermore, the term is used to designate the personal 

property shipment of a deceased member. (JP 4-06)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 25

boat group — The basic organization of landing craft. (JP 3-02)

boat lane — A lane for amphibious assault landing craft, which extends from the line of 

departure to the beach. (JP 3-02)

boat space — The space and weight factor used in planning for one person with individual 

equipment to determine overall ship-to-shore movement requirements for boats, 

landing craft, and amphibious vehicles. (JP 3-02.1)

bona fides — 1. In personnel recovery, the use of verbal or visual communication by 

individuals who are unknown to one another, to establish their authenticity, sincerity, 

honesty, and truthfulness. See also evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 

2. The lack of fraud or deceit: a determination that a person is who he/she says he/she is. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

boost phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which 

the booster and sustainer engines operate. See also midcourse phase; terminal phase. 

(JP 3-01)

bottom mine — A mine with negative buoyancy which remains on the seabed. See also

mine. (JP 3-15)

boundary — A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination 

and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0)

branch — 1. A subdivision of any organization. 2. A geographically separate unit of an 

activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a 

smaller scale. 3. An arm or service of the Army. 4. The contingency options built into 

the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a 

force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or 

disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. See also sequel. (JP 5-0)

breakbulk ship — A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo and a 

limited number of containers, below or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling 

gear. (JP 4-09)

brevity code — A code word, which provides no security, that serves the sole purpose of 

shortening of messages rather than the concealment of their content. (JP 3-09.3)

brigade combat team — A combined arms team that forms the basic building block of the 

Army’s tactical formations. Also called BCT. (JP 3-31)

broken stowage — The space lost in the holds of a vessel because of the contour of the 

ship, dunnage, ladders, stanchions, and the shape of the cargo. (JP 3-02.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

26 JP 1-02

broken stowage factor — A factor applied to the available space for embarkation due to 

the loss between boxes, between vehicles, around stanchions, and over cargo, that will 

vary, depending on the type and size of vehicles, type and size of general cargo, 

training and experience of loading personnel, type of loading, method of stowage, and 

configuration of compartments. (JP 3-02.1)

buddy-aid — Acute medical care (first aid) provided by a non-medical Service member to 

another person. (JP 4-02)

buffer zone — 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which disputing 

or belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in some United 

Nations operations. Also called BZ. See also line of demarcation; peace operations. 

(JP 3-07.3) 2. A designated area used for safety in military operations. (JP 3-01)

building systems — Structures assembled from manufactured components designed to 

provide specific building configurations. (JP 3-34)

bulk cargo — That which is generally shipped in volume where the transportation 

conveyance is the only external container; such as liquids, ore, or grain. (JP 4-01.5)

bulk petroleum product — A liquid petroleum product transported by various means and 

stored in tanks or containers having an individual fill capacity greater than 250 liters. 

(JP 4-03)

bulk storage — 1. Storage in a warehouse of supplies and equipment in large quantities, 

usually in original containers, as distinguished from bin storage. 2. Storage of liquids, 

such as petroleum products in tanks, as distinguished from drum or packaged storage. 

(JP 4-03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

C

JP 1-02 27

cache — A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, water, 

medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage from 

exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, and/or 

submersion, to support isolated personnel. See also evader; evasion; recovery; 

recovery operations. (JP 3-50)

call sign — Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a 

communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily 

for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50)

campaign — A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational 

objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign plan. (JP 5-0)

campaign plan — A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at 

achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. See also 

campaign; campaign planning. (JP 5-0)

campaign planning — The process whereby combatant commanders and subordinate joint 

force commanders translate national or theater strategy into operational concepts through 

the development of an operation plan for a campaign. See also campaign; campaign 

plan. (JP 5-0)

canalize — To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing obstacles 

or by fire or bombing. (JP 3-15)

candidate target list — A list of objects or entities submitted by component commanders, 

appropriate agencies, or the joint force commander’s staff for further development and 

inclusion on the joint target list and/or restricted target list, or moved to the no-strike list. 

Also called CTL. See also joint integrated prioritized target list; target, target nomination 

list. (JP 3-60)

capstone publication — The top joint doctrine publication in the hierarchy of joint 

publications that links joint doctrine to national strategy and the contributions of other 

government departments and agencies, multinational partners, and reinforces policy for 

command and control. See also joint publication; keystone publications. 

(CJCSM 5120.01)

cargo increment number — A seven-character alphanumeric field that uniquely describes a 

non-unit-cargo entry (line) in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System timephased force and deployment data. (JP 3-35)

carrier air wing — Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for 

administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier. Also called CVW. 

(JP 3-32)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

28 JP 1-02

carrier control zone — The airspace within a circular limit defined by 5 miles horizontal 

radius from the carrier, extending upward from the surface to and including 2,500 feet 

unless otherwise designated for special operations, and is under the cognizance of the air 

officer during visual meteorological conditions. (JP 3-52)

carrier strike group — A standing naval task group consisting of a carrier, embarked air

wing, surface combatants, and submarines as assigned in direct support, operating in 

mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces 

within the group’s assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore 

lines or projecting power inland. Also called CSG. (JP 3-32)

cartridge-actuated device — Small explosive devices used to eject stores from launched 

devices, actuate other explosive systems, or provide initiation for aircrew escape devices. 

Also called CAD. (JP 3-04)

case officer — A professional employee of an intelligence or counterintelligence 

organization, who is responsible for providing directions for an agent operation and/or 

handling intelligence assets. (JP 2-01.2)

casualty — Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty 

status – whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. See also hostile casualty. 

(JP 4-02)

casualty evacuation — The unregulated movement of casualties that can include movement 

both to and between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. See also 

casualty; evacuation; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

casualty rate — The number of casualties per 1,000 population at risk. (DODI 8620.04)

casualty receiving and treatment ship — In amphibious operations, a ship designated to 

receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties. Also called CRTS. (JP 3-02)

catastrophic event — Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which results 

in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the 

population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government 

functions. (JP 3-28)

causeway — A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to assist 

in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels. (JP 4-01.6)

causeway launching area — An area located near the line of departure but clear of the 

approach lanes to an area located in the inner transport area. (JP 3-02)

C-day — The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to commence. 

(JP 5-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 29

cell — A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity 

within a designated larger organization of a joint force commander’s headquarters. 

(JP 3-33)

center — An enduring functional organization, with a supporting staff, designed to perform 

a joint function within a joint force commander’s headquarters. (JP 3-33)

center of gravity — The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom 

of action, or will to act. Also called COG. See also decisive point. (JP 5-0)

centigray — A unit of absorbed dose of radiation (one centigray equals one rad). (JP 3-11)

central control officer — The officer, embarked in the central control ship, designated by 

the amphibious task force commander for the overall coordination of the waterborne 

ship-to-shore movement. Also called CCO. (JP 3-02)

centralized control — 1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes 

direct target assignments to fire units. (JP 3-01) 2. In joint air operations, placing within 

one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and coordinating 

a military operation or group/category of operations. See also decentralized control. 

(JP 3-30)

chaff — Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of various 

lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. 

(JP 3-13.1)

chain of command — The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a 

subordinate through which command is exercised. Also called command channel. 

(JP 1)

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction — A document for all types of 

correspondence containing Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy and guidance that 

does not involve the employment of forces, which is of indefinite duration and is applicable 

to external agencies, or both the Joint Staff and external agencies. Also called CJCSI. See 

also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual. (CJCSM 5120.01)

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual — A document containing detailed 

procedures for performing specific tasks that do not involve the employment of forces, 

which is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies or both the Joint 

Staff and external agencies. Also called CJCSM. See also Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff instruction. (CJCSM 5120.01)

chalk number — The number given to a complete load and to the transporting carrier. 

(JP 3-17)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

30 JP 1-02

change detection — An image enhancement technique that compares two images of the same 

area from different time periods and eliminates identical picture elements in order to 

leave the signatures that have undergone change. (JP 2-03)

channel airlift — Airlift provided for movement of sustainment cargo, scheduled either 

regularly or depending upon volume of workload, between designated ports of 

embarkation and ports of debarkation over validated contingency or distribution routes. 

(JP 3-17)

chemical agent — A chemical substance that is intended for use in military operations to kill, 

seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. See also 

chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management — Actions 

taken to plan, prepare, respond to, and recover from chemical, biological, radiological, 

and nuclear incidents. Also called CBRN CM. (JP 3-41)

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense — Measures taken to minimize or 

negate the vulnerabilities to, and/or effects of, a chemical, biological, radiological, or 

nuclear hazard or incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment — An operational 

environment that includes chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and 

hazards and their potential resulting effects. Also called CBRN environment. 

(JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard — Chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear elements that could create adverse effects due to an accidental 

or deliberate release and dissemination. Also called CBRN hazard. (JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident — Any occurrence, resulting from 

the use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons and devices; the 

emergence of secondary hazards arising from counterforce targeting; or the release of 

toxic industrial materials into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, 

biological, radiological and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon — A fully engineered assembly 

designed for employment to cause the release of a chemical or biological agent or 

radiological material onto a chosen target or to generate a nuclear detonation. Also called 

CBRN weapon. (JP 3-11)

chemical hazard — Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored that can cause 

death or other harm through toxic properties of those materials, including chemical 

agents and chemical weapons prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention as 

well as toxic industrial chemicals. (JP 3-11)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 31

chemical warfare — All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal 

and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures associated 

with such offensive operations. Also called CW. See also chemical agent; chemical 

weapon; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

chemical weapon — Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except 

when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; (b) 

a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through toxic 

properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as a result of 

the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically designed for 

use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices specified in (b), 

above. See also chemical agent; chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

chief of fires — The senior organic fires Army staff officer at division and higher 

headquarters level who advises the commander on the best use of available fire support 

resources, provides input to necessary orders, and develops and implements the fire 

support plan. Also called COF. (JP 3-09)

chief of mission — The principal officer (the ambassador) in charge of a diplomatic facility 

of the United States, including any individual assigned to be temporarily in charge of 

such a facility. The chief of mission is the personal representative of the President to the 

country of accreditation. The chief of mission is responsible for the direction, 

coordination, and supervision of all US Government executive branch employees in that 

country (except those under the command of a US area military commander). The 

security of the diplomatic post is the chief of mission’s direct responsibility. Also called 

COM. (JP 3-08)

chief of staff — The senior or principal member or head of a staff who acts as the controlling 

member of a staff for purposes of the coordination of its work or to exercise command 

in another’s name. Also called COS. (JP 3-33)

chief of station — The senior United States intelligence officer in a foreign country and the 

direct representative of the Director National Intelligence, to whom the officer reports 

through the Director Central Intelligence Agency. Usually the senior representative of the 

Central Intelligence Agency assigned to a US mission. Also called COS. (JP 2-01.2)

civil administration — An administration established by a foreign government in (1) friendly 

territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to exercise 

certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile territory, 

occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises executive, 

legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can be established. 

Also called CA. (JP 3-05)

civil affairs — Designated Active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, 

and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military 

operations. Also called CA. See also civil-military operations. (JP 3-57)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

32 JP 1-02

civil affairs operations — Actions planned, executed, and assessed by civil affairs forces that 

enhance awareness of and manage the interaction with the civil component of the 

operational environment; identify and mitigate underlying causes of instability within 

civil society; or involve the application of functional specialty skills normally the 

responsibility of civil government. Also called CAO. (JP 3-57)

civil augmentation program — Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to 

augment Service logistic capabilities with contracted support in both preplanned and 

short notice contingencies. Also called CAP. See also contingency; contingency 

contract; external support contract. (JP 4-10)

civil authorities — Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the 

government of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of 

Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, United States territories, and political 

subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28)

civil authority information support — The use of military information support operations 

capabilities to conduct public information dissemination activities to support national 

security or disaster relief operations within the United States and its territories in support 

of a lead federal agency. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2)

civil emergency — Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the President, 

federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts and capabilities to save 

lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or to lessen or avert the threat 

of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. (JP 3-28)

civilian internee — A civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other 

military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an 

offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E)

civil information — Relevant data relating to the civil areas, structures, capabilities, 

organizations, people, and events of the civil component of the operational environment 

used to support the situational awareness of the supported commander. (JP 3-57)

civil information management — Process whereby data relating to the civil component 

of the operational environment is gathered, collated, processed, analyzed, produced 

into information products, and disseminated. Also called CIM. (JP 3-57)

civil-military medicine — A discipline within operational medicine comprising public health 

and medical issues that involve a civil-military interface (foreign or domestic), including 

military medical support to civil authorities (domestic), medical elements of cooperation 

activities, and medical civil-military operations. (JP 4-02)

civil-military operations — Activities of a commander performed by designated civil affairs 

or other military forces that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 33

military forces, indigenous populations, and institutions, by directly supporting the 

attainment of objectives relating to the reestablishment or maintenance of stability within 

a region or host nation. Also called CMO. See also civil affairs; operation. (JP 3-57)

civil-military operations center — An organization, normally comprised of civil affairs, 

established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the 

United States within indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, 

intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, 

and other governmental agencies in support of the joint force commander. Also called 

CMOC. See also civil-military operations; operation. (JP 3-57)

civil-military team — A temporary organization of civilian and military personnel taskorganized to provide an optimal mix of capabilities and expertise to accomplish 

specific operational and planning tasks. (JP 3-57)

civil reconnaissance — A targeted, planned, and coordinated observation and evaluation 

of specific civil aspects of the environment such as areas, structures, capabilities, 

organizations, people, or events. Also called CR. (JP 3-57)

Civil Reserve Air Fleet — A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for the 

services of specific aircraft, owned by a United States entity or citizen, during national 

emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of military 

airlift activity is required. Also called CRAF. See also reserve. (JP 3-17)

civil search and rescue — Search and/or rescue operations and associated civilian services 

provided to assist persons in potential or actual distress and protect property in a nonhostile environment. Also called civil SAR. (JP 3-50)

clandestine — Any activity or operation sponsored or conducted by governmental 

departments or agencies with the intent to assure secrecy and concealment. (JP 2-01.2)

clandestine intelligence collection — The acquisition of protected intelligence information in a 

way designed to conceal the nature of the operation and protect the source. (JP 2-01.2)

clandestine operation — An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental 

departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. See also

covert operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05)

classes of supply — The ten categories into which supplies are grouped in order to facilitate 

supply management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, and 

welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and administrative 

and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants. IV. 

Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. VII. Major end 

items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. Repair parts and 

components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to support nonmilitary 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

34 JP 1-02

programs such as agriculture and economic development. See also petroleum, oils, and 

lubricants. (JP 4-09)

classification — The determination that official information requires, in the interests of 

national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled 

with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made. See also security 

classification. (JP 2-01.2)

classified information — Official information that has been determined to require, in the 

interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has 

been so designated. (JP 2-01.2)

clearance capacity — An estimate expressed in agreed upon units of cargo measurement per 

day of the cargo or people that may be transported inland from a beach or port over the 

available means of inland communication, including roads, railroads, airlift, and inland 

waterways. See also throughput capacity. (JP 4-01.5)

clearance decontamination — The final level of decontamination that provides the 

decontamination of equipment and personnel to a level that allows unrestricted 

transportation, maintenance, employment, and disposal. (JP 3-11)

clearing operation — An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles 

from a route or area. (JP 3-15)

close air support — Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that 

are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air 

mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. See also air 

interdiction. (JP 3-0)

close support — The action of the supporting force against targets or objectives that are 

sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of 

the supporting action. See also direct support; general support; mutual support; 

support. (JP 3-31)

close support area — Those parts of the ocean operating areas nearest to, but not necessarily 

in, the objective area. (JP 3-02)

closure — In transportation, the process of a unit’s arriving at a specified location. 

(JP 4-01.5)

coalition — An arrangement between two or more nations for common action. See also

alliance; multinational. (JP 5-0)

coastal sea control — The employment of forces to ensure the unimpeded use of an offshore 

coastal area by friendly forces and, as appropriate, to deny the use of the area to enemy 

forces. (JP 3-10)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 35

code word — 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to 

safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. 2. A 

cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data. (JP 3-50)

collateral damage — Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects that 

would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. (JP 3-60)

collection — In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this 

information to processing elements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)

collection agency — Any individual, organization, or unit that has access to sources of 

information and the capability of collecting information from them. See also agency. 

(JP 2-01)

collection asset — A collection system, platform, or capability that is supporting, assigned, 

or attached to a particular commander. See also collection. (JP 2-01)

collection management — In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence 

requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or coordinating 

with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and retasking, as 

required. See also collection; collection requirement; collection requirements 

management; intelligence; intelligence process. (JP 2-0)

collection management authority — Within the Department of Defense, collection 

management authority constitutes the authority to establish, prioritize, and validate 

theater collection requirements, establish sensor tasking guidance, and develop theaterwide collection policies. Also called CMA. See also collection manager; collection 

plan; collection requirement. (JP 2-01.2)

collection manager — An individual with responsibility for the timely and efficient tasking 

of organic collection resources and the development of requirements for theater and 

national assets that could satisfy specific information needs in support of the mission. 

Also called CM. See also collection; collection management authority. (JP 2-01)

collection operations management — The authoritative direction, scheduling, and control 

of specific collection operations and associated processing, exploitation, and reporting 

resources. Also called COM. See also collection management; collection 

requirements management. (JP 2-0)

collection plan — A systematic scheme to optimize the employment of all available 

collection capabilities and associated processing, exploitation, and dissemination 

resources to satisfy specific information requirements. See also information 

requirements; intelligence process. (JP 2-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

36 JP 1-02

collection planning — A continuous process that coordinates and integrates the efforts of all 

collection units and agencies. See also collection. (JP 2-0)

collection point — A point designated for the assembly of personnel casualties, stragglers, 

disabled materiel, salvage, etc., for further movement to collecting stations or rear 

installations. Also called CP. (JP 4-06)

collection posture — The current status of collection assets and resources to satisfy identified 

information requirements. (JP 2-0)

collection requirement — A valid need to close a specific gap in intelligence holdings in 

direct response to a request for information. (JP 2-0)

collection requirements management — The authoritative development and control of 

collection, processing, exploitation, and/or reporting requirements that normally result in 

either the direct tasking of requirements to units over which the commander has 

authority, or the generation of tasking requests to collection management authorities at a 

higher, lower, or lateral echelon to accomplish the collection mission. Also called CRM. 

See also collection; collection management; collection operations management. 

(JP 2-0)

collection resource — A collection system, platform, or capability that is not assigned or 

attached to a specific unit or echelon which must be requested and coordinated through 

the chain of command. See also collection management. (JP 2-01)

collection strategy — An analytical approach used by collection managers to determine 

which intelligence disciplines can be applied to satisfy information requirements. 

(JP 2-0)

collective protection — The protection provided to a group of individuals that permits 

relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also 

called COLPRO. (JP 3-11)

colored beach — That portion of usable coastline sufficient for the assault landing of a 

regimental landing team or similar sized unit. See also numbered beach. (JP 3-02)

combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force protected, 

the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of intercepting 

and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets. Also called CAP. See also 

airborne alert; barrier combat air patrol; rescue combat air patrol. (JP 3-01)

combat and operational stress — The expected and predictable emotional, intellectual, 

physical, and/or behavioral reactions of an individual who has been exposed to stressful 

events in war or stability operations. (JP 4-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 37

combat and operational stress control — Programs developed and actions taken by military 

leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational stress 

reactions in units; optimize mission performance; conserve fighting strength; prevent or 

minimize adverse effects of combat and operational stress on members’ physical, 

psychological, intellectual and social health; and to return the unit or Service member to 

duty expeditiously. (JP 4-02)

combatant command — A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission 

under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the 

Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff. Also called CCMD. See also specified combatant command; unified 

command. (JP 1)

combatant command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or designated 

by, the combatant commander to provide advice on religion, ethical, and moral issues, 

and morale of assigned personnel and to coordinate religious ministries within the 

combatant commander’s area of responsibility. See also command chaplain; religious 

support; religious support team. (JP 1-05)

combatant command (command authority) — Nontransferable command authority, which

cannot be delegated, of a combatant commander to perform those functions of command 

over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces; 

assigning tasks; designating objectives; and giving authoritative direction over all aspects 

of military operations, joint training, and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions 

assigned to the command. Also called COCOM. See also combatant command; 

combatant commander; operational control; tactical control. (JP 1)

combatant commander — A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant 

commands established by the President. Also called CCDR. See also combatant 

command; specified combatant command; unified combatant command. (JP 3-0)

combatant commander logistic procurement support board — A combatant commanderlevel joint board established to ensure that contracting support and other sources of 

support are properly synchronized across the entire area of responsibility. Also called 

CLPSB. See also joint requirements review board; joint contracting support board. 

(JP 4-10)

combatant command support agent — The Secretary of a Military Department to whom 

the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense has assigned administrative 

and logistical support of the headquarters of a combatant command, United States 

Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, or subordinate unified 

command. The nature and scope of the combatant command support agent 

responsibilities, functions, and authorities shall be prescribed at the time of assignment 

or in keeping with existing agreements and practices, and they shall remain in effect until 

the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense revokes, supersedes, or 

modifies them. Also called CCSA. (DODD 5100.03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

38 JP 1-02

combat assessment — The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment 

during military operations. Combat assessment is composed of three major components: 

(a) battle damage assessment; (b) munitions effectiveness assessment; and (c) reattack 

recommendation. Also called CA. See also battle damage assessment; munitions 

effectiveness assessment; reattack recommendation. (JP 3-60)

combat camera — The acquisition and utilization of still and motion imagery in support of 

operational and planning requirements across the range of military operations and during 

joint exercises. Also called COMCAM. See also visual information. (JP 3-61)

combat cargo officer — A Marine Corps embarkation/mobility officer permanently assigned 

to amphibious warfare ships or naval staffs, as an adviser to and representative of the 

naval commander in matters pertaining to embarkation and debarkation of troops, their 

supplies, and equipment. Also called CCO. See also embarkation officer. (JP 3-02.1)

combat chart — A special naval chart, at a scale of 1:50,000, designed for naval surface fire 

support and close air support during coastal or amphibious operations and showing 

detailed hydrography and topography in the coastal belt. (JP 2-03)

combat control team — A task-organized team of special operations forces who are certified 

air traffic controllers that are trained and equipped to deploy into hostile environments to 

establish and control assault zones and airfields. Also called CCT. (JP 3-17)

combat engineering — Engineering capabilities and activities that closely support the 

maneuver of land combat forces consisting of three types: mobility, countermobility, 

and survivability. (JP 3-34)

combat identification — The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected 

objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. 

Also called CID. (JP 3-09)

combat information — Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical 

commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, 

cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user’s tactical 

intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01)

combat information center — The agency in a ship or aircraft manned and equipped to 

collect, display, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information for the use of the 

embarked flag officer, commanding officer, and certain control agencies. Also called 

CIC. (JP 3-04)

combating terrorism — Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism, taken to 

oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum. Also called CbT. See also 

antiterrorism; counterterrorism. (JP 3-26)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 39

combat loading — The arrangement of personnel and the stowage of equipment and supplies 

in a manner designed to conform to the anticipated tactical operation of the organization 

embarked. (JP 3-02)

combat organizational loading — A method of loading by which a unit with its equipment 

and initial supplies is loaded into a single ship, together with other units, in such a manner 

as to be available for unloading in a predetermined order. (JP 3-02.1)

combat power — The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force which a military 

unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0)

combat readiness — Synonymous with operational readiness, with respect to missions or 

functions performed in combat. (JP 1-0)

combat search and rescue — The tactics, techniques, and procedures performed by forces 

to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. See also 

search and rescue. (JP 3-50)

combat search and rescue task force — All forces committed to a specific combat search 

and rescue operation to locate, identify, support, and recover isolated personnel during 

combat. Also called CSARTF. See also combat search and rescue; search; search 

and rescue. (JP 3-50)

combat service support — The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks 

necessary to sustain all elements of all operating forces in theater at all levels of war. 

Also called CSS. See also combat support. (JP 4-0)

combat service support area — An area ashore that is organized to contain the necessary 

supplies, equipment, installations, and elements to provide the landing force with combat 

service support throughout the operation. Also called CSSA. (JP 3-02)

combat spread loading — A method of combat loading by which some of the troops, 

equipment, and initial supplies of a unit are loaded in one ship and the remainder are 

loaded in one or more others. (JP 3-02.1)

combat support — Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements. 

Also called CS. See also combat service support. (JP 4-0)

combat support agency — A Department of Defense agency so designated by Congress or 

the Secretary of Defense that supports military combat operations. Also called CSA. 

(JP 5-0)

combat surveillance — A continuous, all-weather, day-and-night, systematic watch over the 

battle area in order to provide timely information for tactical combat operations. 

(JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

40 JP 1-02

combat survival — Those measures to be taken by Service personnel when involuntarily 

separated from friendly forces in combat, including procedures relating to individual 

survival, evasion, escape, and conduct after capture. (JP 3-50)

combat unit loading — A method of loading by which all or a part of a combat unit, such as 

an assault battalion landing team, is completely loaded in a single ship, with essential 

combat equipment and supplies, in such a manner as to be immediately available to 

support the tactical plan upon debarkation, and to provide a maximum of flexibility to 

meet possible changes in the tactical plan. (JP 3-02.1)

combined — A term identifying two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies

operating together. See also joint. (JP 3-16)

combined arms team — The full integration and application of two or more arms or elements 

of one Service into an operation. (JP 3-18)

command — 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over 

subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. 2. An order given by a commander; that 

is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing about a particular 

action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the command of one 

individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant command; 

combatant command (command authority). (JP 1)

command and control — The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated 

commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. 

Also called C2. (JP 1)

command and control system — The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, 

and personnel essential for a commander to plan, direct, and control operations of 

assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0)

command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to or designated by a commander of a 

staff, command, or unit. See also combatant command chaplain; religious support. 

(JP 1-05)

commander, amphibious task force — The Navy officer designated in the initiating directive

as the commander of the amphibious task force. Also called CATF. See also amphibious 

operation; amphibious task force; commander, landing force. (JP 3-02)

commander, landing force — The officer designated in the initiating directive as the 

commander of the landing force for an amphibious operation. Also called CLF. See 

also amphibious operation; commander, amphibious task force; landing force. 

(JP 3-02)

commander’s critical information requirement — An information requirement identified 

by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 41

CCIR. See also information requirements; intelligence; priority intelligence 

requirement. (JP 3-0)

commander’s estimate — A developed course of action designed to provide the Secretary 

of Defense with military options to meet a potential contingency. (JP 5-0)

commander’s intent — A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and 

the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, 

and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander’s 

desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as 

planned. See also assessment; end state. (JP 3-0)

commander’s required delivery date — The original date relative to C-day, specified by 

the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the 

time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival. (JP 5-0)

command information — Communication by a military organization directed to the internal 

audience that creates an awareness of the organization’s goals, informs them of 

significant developments affecting them and the organization, increases their 

effectiveness as ambassadors of the organization, and keeps them informed about what 

is going on in the organization. Also called internal information. See also command; 

public affairs. (JP 3-61)

commanding officer of troops — On a ship that has embarked units, a designated officer 

(usually the senior embarking unit commander) who is responsible for the 

administration, discipline, and training of all embarked units. Also called COT. 

(JP 3-02)

command net — A communications network that connects an echelon of command with 

some or all of its subordinate echelons for the purpose of command and control. 

(JP 3-09.3)

command post exercise — An exercise in which the forces are simulated, involving the 

commander, the staff, and communications within and between headquarters. Also 

called CPX. See also exercise; maneuver. (JP 3-0)

command relationships — The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well as 

the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; defined 

further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, tactical 

control, or support. See also chain of command; combatant command (command 

authority); command; operational control; support; tactical control. (JP 1)

command-sponsored dependent — A dependent entitled to travel to overseas commands at 

government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military commander to be present 

in a dependent’s status. (JP 3-68)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

42 JP 1-02

command structure — The organizational hierarchy through which administrative 

leadership or operational authority is exercised. (DODI 8260.03)

commercial items — Articles of supply readily available from established commercial 

distribution sources which the Department of Defense or inventory managers in the 

Military Services have designated to be obtained directly or indirectly from such sources. 

(JP 4-06)

commercial vehicle — A vehicle that has evolved in the commercial market to meet civilian 

requirements and which is selected from existing production lines for military use. 

(JP 4-06)

commit — The process of assigning one or more aircraft or surface-to-air missile units to 

prepare to engage an entity, prior to authorizing such engagement. (JP 3-01)

commodity loading —A method of loading in which various types of cargoes are loaded 

together, such as ammunition, rations, or boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity 

can be discharged without disturbing the others. See also combat loading. (JP 3-02.1)

commonality — A quality that applies to materiel or systems: a. possessing like and 

interchangeable characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained, 

by personnel trained on the others without additional specialized training; b. having 

interchangeable repair parts and/or components; and c. applying to consumable items 

interchangeably equivalent without adjustment. (JP 6-0)

common item — 1. Any item of materiel that is required for use by more than one activity. 

2. Sometimes loosely used to denote any consumable item except repair parts or other 

technical items. 3. Any item of materiel that is procured for, owned by (Service stock), 

or used by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and is also required 

to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid Military Assistance Program. 

4. Readily available commercial items. 5. Items used by two or more Military Services 

of similar manufacture or fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or 

shape (as vehicles or clothing). 6. Any part or component that is required in the assembly 

of two or more complete end-items. (JP 4-01.5)

common operating environment — Automation services that support the development of 

the common reusable software modules that enable interoperability across multiple 

combat support applications. Also called COE. (JP 4-01.2)

common operational picture — A single identical display of relevant information shared by 

more than one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all echelons to 

achieve situational awareness. Also called COP. (JP 3-0)

common servicing — Functions performed by one Service in support of another for which 

reimbursement is not required. (JP 3-34)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 43

common tactical picture — An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that 

integrates tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground network, 

intelligence network, and sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01)

common use — Services, materiel, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense agency 

or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of Defense 

agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed. (JP 4-01.5)

common-use container — Any Department of Defense-owned, -leased, or -controlled 20-

or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container managed by United 

States Transportation Command as an element of the Department of Defense commonuse container system. See also component- owned container; Service-unique 

container. (JP 4-09)

common-user airlift service — The airlift service provided on a common basis for all 

Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the United 

States Government. (JP 3-17)

common-user item — An item of an interchangeable nature that is in common use by two or 

more nations or Services of a nation. (JP 4-0)

common-user land transportation — Point-to-point land transportation service operated by 

a single Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. 

(JP 4-01.5)

common-user logistics — Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or 

more Services, Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another 

Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or 

multinational partner in an operation. Also called CUL. See also common use. 

(JP 4-09)

common-user network — A system of circuits or channels allocated to furnish 

communication paths between switching centers to provide communication service on a 

common basis to all connected stations or subscribers. (JP 3-33)

common-user ocean terminals — A military installation, part of a military installation, or a 

commercial facility operated under contract or arrangement by the Surface Deployment 

and Distribution Command which regularly provides for two or more Services terminal 

functions of receipt, transit storage or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of 

passengers or cargo aboard ships. (JP 4-01.2)

common-user sealift — The sealift services provided by the Military Sealift Command on a 

common basis for all Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other 

departments and agencies of the United States Government. See also Military Sealift 

Command; transportation component command. (JP 3-35)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

44 JP 1-02

common-user transportation — Transportation and transportation services provided on a 

common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, nonDepartment of Defense agencies. See also common use. (JP 4-01.2)

communications intelligence — Technical information and intelligence derived from 

foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT. 

(JP 2-0)

communications network — An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, 

but not necessarily on the same channel. Also called COMNET. (JP 6-0)

communications security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny 

unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession and 

study of telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation 

of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. (JP 6-0)

communications security material — All documents, devices, equipment, apparatus, and 

cryptomaterial used in establishing or maintaining secure communications. (JP 4-01.6)

community engagement — Those public affairs activities that support the relationship 

between military and civilian communities. (JP 3-61)

completeness — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether operation 

plans incorporate major operations and tasks to be accomplished and to what degree they 

include forces required, deployment concept, employment concept, sustainment concept, 

time estimates for achieving objectives, description of the end state, mission success 

criteria, and mission termination criteria. (JP 5-0)

complex catastrophe — Any natural or man-made incident, including cyberspace attack, 

power grid failure, and terrorism, which results in cascading failures of multiple, 

interdependent, critical, life-sustaining infrastructure sectors and caused extraordinary 

levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, 

environment, economy, public health, national morale, response efforts, and/or 

government functions. (DepSecDef Memo OSD001185-13)

component — 1. One of the subordinate organizations that constitute a joint force. (JP 1) 2. 

In logistics, a part or combination of parts having a specific function, which can be 

installed or replaced only as an entity. Also called COMP. See also functional 

component command; Service component command. (JP 4-0)

component-owned container — A 20- or 40-foot International Organization for 

Standardization container procured and owned by a single Department of Defense 

component. Also called Service-unique container. See also common-use container. 

(JP 4-09)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 45

composite warfare commander — An officer to whom the officer in tactical command of a 

naval task organization may delegate authority to conduct some or all of the offensive 

and defensive functions of the force. Also called CWC. (JP 3-32)

compromise — The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel, installations, or 

other assets or of classified information or material, to an unauthorized person. 

(JP 2-01.2)

compromised — A term applied to classified matter, knowledge of which has, in whole or 

in part, passed to an unauthorized person or persons, or which has been subject to risk of 

such passing. (JP 2-01.2)

concept of intelligence operations — Within the Department of Defense, a verbal or graphic 

statement, in broad outline, of an intelligence directorate’s assumptions or intent in regard 

to intelligence support of an operation or series of operations. See also concept of 

operations. (JP 2-0)

concept of logistic support — A verbal or graphic statement, in a broad outline, of how a 

commander intends to support and integrate with a concept of operations in an operation 

or campaign. Also called COLS. (JP 4-0)

concept of operations — A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses 

what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using 

available resources. Also called CONOPS. (JP 5-0)

concept plan — In the context of joint operation planning level 3 planning detail, an operation 

plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or alteration to 

convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called CONPLAN. 

See also operation plan. (JP 5-0)

condition — 1. Those variables of an operational environment or situation in which a unit, 

system, or individual is expected to operate and may affect performance. 2. A physical 

or behavioral state of a system that is required for the achievement of an objective. See 

also joint mission-essential tasks. (JP 3-0)

conduits — Within military deception, conduits are information or intelligence gateways to 

the deception target. Examples of conduits include: foreign intelligence and security 

services, intelligence collection platforms, open-source intelligence, news media—

foreign and domestic. (JP 3-13.4)

confidential — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the national security 

that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (EO 13526)

configuration management — A discipline applying technical and administrative direction 

and surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical characteristics 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

46 JP 1-02

of a configuration item; (2) control changes to those characteristics; and (3) record and 

report changes to processing and implementation status. Also called CM. (JP 6-0)

conflict prevention — A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and, 

when necessary, military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take 

timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. 

(JP 3-07.3)

constellation — A system consisting of a number of like satellites acting in concert to perform 

a specific mission. See also Global Positioning System. (JP 3-14)

constraint — In the context of joint operation planning, a requirement placed on the 

command by a higher command that dictates an action, thus restricting freedom of action. 

See also operational limitation; restraint. (JP 5-0)

consumer — Person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its 

own staff or other agencies. (JP 2-01)

consumption rate — The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a given 

time interval, expressed in quantities by the most appropriate unit of measurement per 

applicable stated basis. (JP 4-05)

contact mine — A mine detonated by physical contact. See also mine. (JP 3-15)

contact point — 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or 

more units are required to make contact. (JP 3-50) 2. In air operations, the position at 

which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency. (JP 3-09.3) 3. 

In personnel recovery, a location where isolated personnel can establish contact with 

recovery forces. Also called CP. See also control point. (JP 3-50)

contact procedure — Those predesignated actions taken by isolated personnel and recovery 

forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory and facilitate the 

return of isolated personnel to friendly control. See also evader; recovery force. 

(JP 3-50)

container — An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards 

Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to 

facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation 

without intermediate handling of the contents. (JP 4-01)

container control officer — A designated official (E6 or above or civilian equivalent) within 

a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, use, and 

maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and controlled intermodal containers 

and equipment from time received until dispatched. Also called CCO. (JP 4-09)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 47

container-handling equipment — Items of materials-handling equipment required to 

specifically receive, maneuver, and dispatch International Organization for 

Standardization containers. Also called CHE. (JP 4-09)

container management — Planning, organizing, directing, and executing functions and 

responsibilities required to provide effective use of Department of Defense and Military 

Department owned, leased, or controlled International Organization for Standardization 

containers. (JP 4-09)

containership — A ship, usually non-self-sustaining, specially constructed and equipped to 

carry only containers without associated equipment, in all available cargo spaces, either 

below or above deck. (JP 4-09)

contaminated remains — Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have 

been deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents. See also mortuary 

affairs. (JP 4-06)

contamination — 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of 

biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. Also called 

fallout radiation. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or 

animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, 

bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the growth of bacteria or organisms, the 

decomposing material or waste in the food or water. (JP 3-11)

contamination avoidance — Individual and/or unit measures taken to reduce the effects of 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11)

contamination control — A combination of preparatory and responsive measures designed 

to limit the vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and toxic 

industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, 

neutralize them. See also biological agent; chemical agent; contamination. (JP 3-11)

contamination mitigation — The planning and actions taken to prepare for, respond to, and 

recover from contamination associated with all chemical, biological, radiological, and 

nuclear threats and hazards in order to continue military operations. (JP 3-11)

contiguous zone — 1. A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend 

beyond 24 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea 

is measured. 2. The zone of the ocean extending 3-12 nautical miles from the United 

States coastline. (JP 3-32)

continental United States — United States territory, including the adjacent territorial waters, 

located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called CONUS. 

(JP 1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

48 JP 1-02

contingency — A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters, 

terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect US 

interests. See also contingency contracting. (JP 5-0)

contingency basing — The life-cycle process of planning, designing, constructing, operating, 

managing, and transitioning or closing a non-enduring location supporting a combatant 

commander's requirements. (DODD 3000.10).

contingency contract — A legally binding agreement for supplies, services, and construction 

let by government contracting officers in the operational area as well as other contracts 

that have a prescribed area of performance within a designated operational area. See also 

external support contract; systems support contract; theater support contract.

(JP 4-10)

contingency contracting — The process of obtaining goods, services, and construction via 

contracting means in support of contingency operations. See also contingency; 

contingency contract. (JP 4-10)

contingency engineering management organization — An organization formed by the 

combatant commander, or subordinate joint force commander to augment their staffs 

with additional Service engineering expertise for planning and construction 

management. See also combat engineering; contingency; crisis action planning; 

geospatial engineering. (JP 3-34)

contingency location — A non-enduring location outside of the United States that supports 

and sustains operations during named and unnamed contingencies or other operations as 

directed by appropriate authority and is categorized by mission life-cycle requirements 

as initial, temporary, or semi-permanent. (DODD 3000.10)

contingency operation — A military operation that is either designated by the Secretary of 

Defense as a contingency operation or becomes a contingency operation as a matter of 

law (Title 10, United States Code, Section 101[a][13]). See also contingency; 

operation. (JP 1)

contingency plan — A plan for major contingencies that can reasonably be anticipated in 

the principal geographic subareas of the command. (JP 5-0)

Contingency Planning Guidance — Secretary of Defense written guidance, approved by 

the President, for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which focuses the guidance 

given in the national security strategy and Defense Planning Guidance, and is the 

principal source document for the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called CPG. 

(JP 1)

contingency response program — Fast reaction transportation procedures intended to 

provide for priority use of land transportation assets by Department of Defense when 

required. Also called CORE. (JP 4-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 49

contingency ZIP Code — A ZIP Code consisting of a five-digit base with a four-digit addon to assist in routing and sorting assigned by Military Postal Service Agency to a 

contingency post office for the tactical use of the Armed Forces on a temporary basis. 

(JP 1-0)

continuity of operations — The degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of 

functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in carrying 

out the national military strategy. Also called COOP. (JP 3-0) 

contract administration — A subset of contracting that includes efforts to ensure that 

supplies, services, and construction are delivered in accordance with the terms and 

conditions of the contract. (JP 4-10)

contracting officer — A Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the legal 

authority to enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10)

contracting officer representative — A Service member or Department of Defense civilian 

or a foreign government civilian or military member appointed in writing and trained by 

a contracting officer, responsible for monitoring contract performance and performing 

other duties specified by their appointment letter. Also called COR. (JP 4-10)

contractor management — The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and 

associated equipment providing support to the joint force in a designated operational 

area. (JP 4-10)

contractors authorized to accompany the force — Contingency contractor employees and 

all tiers of subcontractor employees who are authorized to accompany the force in 

applicable contingency operations and have afforded such status through the issuance of 

a letter of authorization. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10)

contract statement of requirement — A document that provides a summary of anticipated 

contracted supply or service requirements by phase of operation and location. Also 

called CSOR. (JP 4-10)

control — 1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over 

part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. (JP 1) 2. In mapping, charting, 

and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the Earth or 

on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or will be 

determined. (JP 2-03) 3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the intent to 

assure that an agent or group will respond as directed. (JP 3-0) 4. An indicator governing 

the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. Such indicators are the 

subject of intelligence community agreement and are specifically defined in appropriate 

regulations. See also administrative control; operational control; tactical control. 

(JP 2-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

50 JP 1-02

control area — A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the 

Earth. See also control zone. (JP 3-04)

control group — Personnel, ships, and craft designated to control the waterborne ship-toshore movement. (JP 3-02)

controlled information — 1. Information conveyed to an adversary in a deception operation 

to evoke desired appreciations. 2. Information and indicators deliberately conveyed or 

denied to foreign targets to evoke invalid official estimates that result in foreign official 

actions advantageous to US interests and objectives. (JP 2-01.2)

controlled source — In counterintelligence use, a person employed by or under the control 

of an intelligence activity and responding to intelligence tasking. (JP 2-01.2)

controlled substance — A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor included in 

Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of the Controlled Substances Act. (JP 3-07.4)

controlled technical services — The controlled use of technology to enhance 

counterintelligence and human intelligence activities. Also called CTS. (JP 2-01.2)

control point — 1. A position along a route of march at which men are stationed to give 

information and instructions for the regulation of supply or traffic. 2. A position marked 

by coordinates (latitude, longitude), a buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, conspicuous 

terrain feature, or other identifiable object which is given a name or number and used as 

an aid to navigation or control of ships, boats, or aircraft. 3. In marking mosaics, a point 

located by ground survey with which a corresponding point on a photograph is matched 

as a check. (JP 3-09.3)

control zone — A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a 

specified upper limit. See also control area. (JP 3-52)

conventional forces — 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear 

weapons. 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called 

CF. (JP 3-05)

conventional mines — Land mines, other than nuclear or chemical, that are not designed to 

self-destruct; are designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means; and can be 

buried or surface emplaced. See also mine. (JP 3-15)

convoy — 1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by 

warships and/or aircraft — or a single merchant ship or naval auxiliary under surface 

escort — assembled and organized for the purpose of passage together. 2. A group of 

vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without 

escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one 

commander. (JP 3-02.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 51

convoy escort — 1. A naval ship(s) or aircraft in company with a convoy and responsible for 

its protection. 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, 

destroyed, or captured. See also escort. (JP 4-01.5)

cooperative security location — A facility located outside the United States and US 

territories with little or no permanent US presence, maintained with periodic Service, 

contractor, or host-nation support. Cooperative security locations provide contingency 

access, logistic support, and rotational use by operating forces and are a focal point for 

security cooperation activities. Also called CSL. See also forward operating site; 

main operating base. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

coordinated fire line — A line beyond which conventional surface-to-surface direct fire and 

indirect fire support means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing 

headquarters without additional coordination. Also called CFL. See also fire support. 

(JP 3-09)

coordinating agency — An agency that supports the incident management mission by 

providing the leadership, staff, expertise, and authorities to implement critical and 

specific aspects of the response. (JP 3-28)

coordinating altitude — An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate 

users and as the transition between different airspace control elements. Also called CA. 

(JP 3-52)

coordinating authority — A commander or individual who has the authority to require 

consultation between the specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more 

Services, joint force components, or forces of the same Service or agencies, but does not 

have the authority to compel agreement. (JP 1)

coordinating review authority — An agency appointed by a Service or combatant command 

to coordinate with and assist the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine 

sponsor, and assessment agent in joint doctrine development and maintenance. Also 

called CRA. See also joint doctrine; joint publication; lead agent; primary review 

authority. (CJCSM 5120.01)

coordination level — A procedural method to separate fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft by 

determining an altitude below which fixed-wing aircraft normally will not fly. Also 

called CL. (JP 3-52)

cost-type contract — A contract that provides for payment to the contractor of allowable 

cost, to the extent prescribed in the contract, incurred in performance of the contract. 

(JP 4-10)

counterair — A mission that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and 

maintain a desired degree of air superiority and protection by neutralizing or destroying 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

52 JP 1-02

enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. See also air superiority; 

mission; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01)

counterdeception — Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage 

from a foreign deception operation. Counterdeception does not include the intelligence 

function of identifying foreign deception operations. (JP 3-13.4)

counterdrug — Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the production, 

trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. Also called CD. (JP 3-07.4)

counterdrug activities — Those measures taken to detect, interdict, disrupt, or curtail any 

activity that is reasonably related to illicit drug trafficking. (JP 3-07.4)

counterdrug operational support — Support to host nations and drug law enforcement 

agencies involving military personnel and their associated equipment, provided by the 

geographic combatant commanders from forces assigned to them or made available to 

them by the Services for this purpose. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4)

counterdrug operations — Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicit drug 

trafficking. See also counterdrug; counterdrug operational support. (JP 3-07.4)

counterespionage — That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, 

neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through identification, penetration, 

manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations 

conducting or suspected of conducting espionage activities. (JP 2-01.2)

counterfire — Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. (JP 3-09)

counterforce — The employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort to destroy, or 

render impotent, selected military capabilities of an enemy force under any of the 

circumstances by which hostilities may be initiated.

counterguerrilla operations — Operations and activities conducted by armed forces, 

paramilitary forces, or nonmilitary agencies against guerrillas. (JP 3-24)

counter-improvised explosive device operations — The organization, integration, and 

synchronization of capabilities that enable offensive, defensive, stability, and support 

operations across all phases of operations or campaigns in order to defeat improvised 

explosive devices as operational and strategic weapons of influence. Also called C-IED 

operations. (JP 3-15.1)

countering weapons of mass destruction — Efforts against actors of concern to curtail the 

conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of weapons of 

mass destruction, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. Also 

called CWMD. (JP 3-40)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 53

counterinsurgency — Comprehensive civilian and military efforts designed to 

simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes. Also called 

COIN. (JP 3-24)

counterintelligence — Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, 

exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or 

assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or 

their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. See 

also counterespionage; security. (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence activities — One or more of the five functions of counterintelligence: 

operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional services. 

See also analysis and production; collection; counterintelligence; operation. 

(JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence collection — The systematic acquisition of information (through 

investigations, operations, or liaison) concerning espionage, sabotage, terrorism, other 

intelligence activities or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign governments 

or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons that are directed against or 

threaten Department of Defense interests. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence insider threat — A person who uses their authorized access to 

Department of Defense facilities, systems, equipment, information or infrastructure to 

damage, disrupt operations, commit espionage on behalf of a foreign intelligence entity 

or support international terrorist organizations. (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence investigation — An official, systematic search for facts to determine 

whether a person(s) is engaged in activities that may be injurious to US national security 

or advantageous to a foreign power. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence operational tasking authority — The levying of counterintelligence 

requirements specific to joint military activities and operations. Counterintelligence 

operational tasking authority is exercised through supporting components. Also called 

CIOTA. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence operations — Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit, 

neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against 

the United States. See also counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2)

counterintelligence production — The process of analyzing all-source information 

concerning espionage or other multidiscipline intelligence collection threats, sabotage, 

terrorism, and other related threats to US military commanders, the Department of 

Defense, and the US Intelligence Community and developing it into a final product that 

is disseminated. Counterintelligence production is used in formulating security policy, 

plans, and operations. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

54 JP 1-02

counterintelligence support — Conducting counterintelligence activities to protect against 

espionage and other foreign intelligence activities, sabotage, international terrorist 

activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, 

or persons. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

countermeasures — That form of military science that, by the employment of devices and/or 

techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness of enemy 

activity. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

countermobility operations — The construction of obstacles and emplacement of minefields 

to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. See also 

minefield; operation; target acquisition. (JP 3-34)

counterproliferation — Those actions taken to reduce the risks posed by extant weapons of 

mass destruction to the United States, allies, and partners. Also called CP. See also 

nonproliferation. (JP 3-40)

countersurveillance — All measures, active or passive, taken to counteract hostile 

surveillance. See also surveillance. (JP 3-07.2)

counterterrorism — Activities and operations taken to neutralize terrorists and their 

organizations and networks in order to render them incapable of using violence to 

instill fear and coerce governments or societies to achieve their goals. Also called CT. 

See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-26)

counter threat finance — Activities conducted to deny, disrupt, destroy, or defeat the 

generation, storage, movement, and use of assets to fund activities that support an 

adversary’s ability to negatively affect United States interests. Also called CTF.

(JP 3-05)

country team — The senior, in-country, United States coordinating and supervising body, 

headed by the chief of the United States diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior 

member of each represented United States department or agency, as desired by the chief 

of the United States diplomatic mission. Also called CT. (JP 3-07.4)

coup de main — An offensive operation that capitalizes on surprise and simultaneous 

execution of supporting operations to achieve success in one swift stroke. (JP 3-0)

courier — A messenger (usually a commissioned or warrant officer) responsible for the 

secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material. (JP 2-01)

course of action — 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. 2. A 

scheme developed to accomplish a mission. 3. A product of the course-of-action 

development step of the joint operation planning process. Also called COA. (JP 5-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 55

cover — In intelligence usage, those measures necessary to give protection to a person, plan, 

operation, formation, or installation from the enemy intelligence effort and leakage of 

information. (JP 2-01.2)

covering fire — 1. Fire used to protect troops when they are within range of enemy small 

arms. 2. In amphibious usage, fire delivered prior to the landing to cover preparatory 

operations such as underwater demolition or mine countermeasures. (JP 3-02)

covering force — 1. A force operating apart from the main force for the purpose of 

intercepting, engaging, delaying, disorganizing, and deceiving the enemy before the 

enemy can attack the force covered. 2. Any body or detachment of troops which provides 

security for a larger force by observation, reconnaissance, attack, or defense, or by any 

combination of these methods. (JP 3-18)

covert operation — An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity 

of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor. See also clandestine operation; overt 

operation. (JP 3-05)

crash rescue and fire suppression — Extraction of aircrew members from crashed or 

burning aircraft and the control of related fires. (JP 3-34)

crisis — An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its citizens, military 

forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such diplomatic, 

economic, or military importance that commitment of military forces and resources is 

contemplated to achieve national objectives. (JP 3-0)

crisis action planning — The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving 

the time-sensitive development of joint operation plans and operation orders for the 

deployment, employment, and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and 

resources in response to an imminent crisis. Also called CAP. See also joint operation 

planning; Joint Operation Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0)

crisis management — Measures, normally executed under federal law, to identify, acquire, 

and plan the use of resources needed to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or an 

act of terrorism. Also called CrM. (JP 3-28)

critical asset — A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its 

incapacitation or destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability 

of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-07.2)

critical asset list — A prioritized list of assets or areas, normally identified by phase of the 

operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against 

air and missile threats. Also called CAL. (JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

56 JP 1-02

critical capability — A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to 

function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed 

objective(s). (JP 5-0)

critical element — 1. An element of an entity or object that enables it to perform its primary 

function. 2. An element of a target, which if effectively engaged, will serve to support 

the achievement of an operational objective and/or mission task. Also called CE. 

(JP 3-60)

critical information — Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities 

needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee failure or 

unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment. Also called CRITIC. 

(JP 2-0)

critical infrastructure and key resources — The infrastructure and assets vital to a nation’s 

security, governance, public health and safety, economy, and public confidence. Also 

called CI/KR. (JP 3-27)

critical infrastructure protection — Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the 

risks resulting from vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure assets. Also called CIP. See 

also defense critical infrastructure. (JP 3-28)

critical intelligence — Intelligence that is crucial and requires the immediate attention of the 

commander. (JP 2-0)

critical item — An essential item which is in short supply or expected to be in short supply 

for an extended period. (JP 4-01.5)

critical item list — A prioritized list identifying supply items and weapon systems that assist 

Service and Defense Logistics Agency selection of supply items and systems for 

production surge planning, or in operational situations, used by the combatant 

commander and/or subordinate joint force commander to cross-level critical supply items 

between Service components. Also called CIL. See also critical item. (JP 4-05)

criticality assessment — An assessment that identifies key assets and infrastructure that 

support Department of Defense missions, units, or activities and are deemed mission 

critical by military commanders or civilian agency managers. Also called CA. 

(JP 3-07.2)

critical joint duty assignment billet — A joint duty assignment position for which, 

considering the duties and responsibilities of the position, it is highly important that the 

assigned officer be particularly trained in, and oriented toward, joint matters. (JP 1-0)

critical occupational specialty — A military occupational specialty selected from among the 

combat arms in the Army or equivalent military specialties in the Navy, Air Force, or 

Marine Corps. Equivalent military specialties are those engaged in operational art in 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 57

order to attain strategic goals in an operational area through the design, organization, and 

conduct of campaigns and major operations. Critical occupational specialties are 

designated by the Secretary of Defense. Also called COS.

critical requirement — An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability 

to be fully operational. (JP 5-0)

critical vulnerability — An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable 

to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0)

cross-leveling —At the theater strategic and operational levels, it is the process of diverting 

en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to meet the higher priority of 

another within the combatant commander’s directive authority for logistics. (JP 4-0)

cross-loading — The distribution of leaders, key weapons, personnel, and key equipment 

among the aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of a formation to aid rapid assembly of units at 

the drop zone or landing zone or preclude the total loss of command and control or unit 

effectiveness if an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle is lost. (JP 3-17)

cross-servicing — A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by 

one Military Service in support of another Service and for which reimbursement is 

required from the Service receiving support. See also acquisition and cross-servicing 

agreement; common-user logistics. (JP 4-08)

cruise missile — Guided missile, the major portion of whose flight path to its target is 

conducted at approximately constant velocity; depends on the dynamic reaction of air for 

lift and upon propulsion forces to balance drag. (JP 3-01)

culminating point — The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its 

form of operations, offense or defense. (JP 5-0)

current force — The actual force structure and/or manning available to meet present 

contingencies. See also force. (JP 5-0)

custody — 1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, access to, and 

maintenance of accountability for weapons and components. 2. Temporary restraint of 

a person. 3. The detention of a person by lawful authority or process. (JP 3-63)

customer direct — A materiel acquisition and distribution method that requires vendor 

delivery directly to the customer. Also called CD. (JP 4-09) 

customer wait time — The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and 

satisfaction of that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09)

cybersecurity — Prevention of damage to, protection of, and restoration of computers, 

electronic communications systems, electronic communications services, wire 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

58 JP 1-02

communication, and electronic communication, including information contained therein, 

to ensure its availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. 

(DODI 8500.01)

cyberspace — A global domain within the information environment consisting of the 

interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data, 

including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded 

processors and controllers. (JP 3-12)

cyberspace operations — The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary 

purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0)

cyberspace superiority — The degree of dominance in cyberspace by one force that permits 

the secure, reliable conduct of operations by that force, and its related land, air, maritime, 

and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by an 

adversary. (JP 3-12)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

D

JP 1-02 59

damage assessment — 1. The determination of the effect of attacks on targets. 2. A 

determination of the effect of a compromise of classified information on national 

security. (JP 3-60)

damage criteria — The critical levels of various weapons effects required to create specified 

levels of damage. (JP 3-60)

damage estimation — A preliminary appraisal of the potential effects of an attack. See also

attack assessment. (JP 3-60)

danger close — In close air support, artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support fires, the term 

included in the method of engagement segment of a call for fire that indicates that 

friendly forces are within close proximity of the target. See also final protective fire. 

(JP 3-09.3)

dangerous cargo — Cargo which, because of its dangerous properties, is subject to special 

regulations for its transport. (JP 4-01.5)

data element — 1. A basic unit of information built on standard structures having a unique 

meaning and distinct units or values. 2. In electronic recordkeeping, a combination of 

characters or bytes referring to one separate item of information, such as name, address, 

or age. (JP 1-0)

date-time group — The date and time, expressed as six digits followed by the time zone 

suffix at which the message was prepared for transmission (first pair of digits denotes the 

date, second pair the hours, third pair the minutes, followed by a three-letter month 

abbreviation and two-digit year abbreviation.). Also called DTG. (JP 5-0)

datum (geodetic) — 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and 

longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of 

the reference ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the 

coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates 

on their maps. (JP 2-03)

D-day — The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence. 

(JP 3-02)

de-arming — An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state of readiness for 

initiation to a safe condition. Also called safing. (JP 3-04)

debarkation — The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft. 

(JP 3-02.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

60 JP 1-02

debarkation schedule —A schedule that provides for the timely and orderly debarkation 

of troops and equipment and emergency supplies for the waterborne ship-to-shore 

movement. (JP 3-02.1)

decedent effects — Personal effects found on human remains. Also called DE. (JP 4-06)

decentralized control — In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher echelon monitors 

unit actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to ensure 

proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. See also 

centralized control. (JP 3-01)

decentralized execution — Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. 

(JP 3-30)

deception action — A collection of related deception events that form a major component of 

a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4)

deception concept — The deception course of action forwarded to the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff for review as part of the combatant commander’s strategic concept. 

(JP 3-13.4)

deception event — A deception means executed at a specific time and location in support of 

a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4)

deception means — Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey 

information to the deception target. There are three categories of deception means: a. 

physical means. Activities and resources used to convey or deny selected information 

to a foreign power. b. technical means. Military material resources and their associated 

operating techniques used to convey or deny selected information to a foreign power. c. 

administrative means. Resources, methods, and techniques to convey or deny oral, 

pictorial, documentary, or other physical evidence to a foreign power. (JP 3-13.4)

deception objective — The desired result of a deception operation expressed in terms of what 

the adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location. (JP 3-13.4)

deception story — A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be portrayed to cause 

the deception target to adopt the desired perception. (JP 3-13.4)

deception target — The adversary decision maker with the authority to make the decision 

that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4)

decision — In an estimate of the situation, a clear and concise statement of the line of action 

intended to be followed by the commander as the one most favorable to the successful 

accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 5-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 61

decision point — A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates making 

a key decision concerning a specific course of action. See also course of action; 

decision support template; target area of interest. (JP 5-0)

decision support template — A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the 

results of wargaming that depicts decision points, timelines associated with movement

of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items of information required to 

execute a specific friendly course of action. Also called DST. See also course of action; 

decision point. (JP 2-01.3)

decisive point — A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, when 

acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or 

contribute materially to achieving success. See also center of gravity. (JP 5-0)

deck status light — A three-colored light (red, amber, green) controlled from the primary 

flight control. Navy — The light displays the status of the ship to support flight 

operations. United States Coast Guard — The light displays clearance for a helicopter 

to conduct a given evolution. (JP 3-04)

decompression — In personnel recovery, the process of normalizing psychological and 

behavioral reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently 

experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery. (JP 3-50)

decontamination — The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing, 

destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, or 

by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11)

decoy — An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or phenomenon which is intended to 

deceive enemy surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy. 

(JP 3-13.4)

defended asset list —A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the 

joint force commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. 

(JP 3-01)

defense coordinating element — A staff and military liaison officers who assist the defense 

coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated emergency 

support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28)

defense coordinating officer — Department of Defense single point of contact for domestic 

emergencies who is assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for military 

support, forward mission assignments through proper channels to the appropriate 

military organizations, and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated 

emergency support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

62 JP 1-02

defense critical infrastructure — Department of Defense and non-Department of Defense 

networked assets and facilities essential to project, support, and sustain military forces 

and operations worldwide. Also called DCI. (JP 3-27)

defense human intelligence executor — The senior Department of Defense intelligence 

official as designated by the head of each of the Department of Defense components who 

are authorized to conduct human intelligence and related intelligence activities. Also 

called DHE. (JP 2-01.2)

defense industrial base — The Department of Defense, government, and private sector 

worldwide industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development, 

design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or 

parts to meet military requirements. Also called DIB. (JP 3-27)

Defense Information Systems Network — The integrated network, centrally managed and 

configured by the Defense Information Systems Agency to provide dedicated point-topoint, switched voice and data, imagery, and video teleconferencing services for all 

Department of Defense activities. Also called DISN. (JP 6-0)

Defense Satellite Communications System — Geosynchronous military communications 

satellites that provide high data rate communications for military forces, diplomatic 

corps, and the White House. Also called DSCS. (JP 3-14)

defense sexual assault incident database — A Department of Defense database that 

captures and serves as the reporting source for all sexual assault data collected by the 

Services. Also called DSAID. (JP 1-0)

defense support of civil authorities — Support provided by US Federal military forces, 

Department of Defense civilians, Department of Defense contract personnel, Department 

of Defense component assets, and National Guard forces (when the Secretary of Defense, 

in coordination with the governors of the affected states, elects and requests to use those 

forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to requests for assistance from 

civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic 

activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. Also called DSCA. Also known 

as civil support. (DODD 3025.18)

Defense Support Program — Satellites that provide early warning of missile launches. Also 

called DSP. (JP 3-14)

Defense Switched Network — The component of the Defense Communications System that 

handles Department of Defense voice, data, and video communications. Also called

DSN. (JP 6-0)

Defense Transportation System — That portion of the worldwide transportation 

infrastructure that supports Department of Defense transportation needs in peace and 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 63

war. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; transportation system. 

(JP 4-01) 

defensive counterair — All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy 

forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. See 

also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01)

defensive cyberspace operation response action — Deliberate, authorized defensive 

measures or activities taken outside of the defended network to protect and defend 

Department of Defense cyberspace capabilities or other designated systems. Also called 

DCO-RA. (JP 3-12)

defensive cyberspace operations — Passive and active cyberspace operations intended to 

preserve the ability to utilize friendly cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, 

net-centric capabilities, and other designated systems. Also called DCO. (JP 3-12)

defensive minefield — 1. In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in international waters or 

international straits with the declared intention of controlling shipping in defense of sea 

communications. 2. In land mine warfare, a minefield laid in accordance with an 

established plan to prevent a penetration between positions and to strengthen the defense 

of the positions themselves. See also minefield. (JP 3-15)

defensive space control — Operations conducted to preserve the ability to exploit space 

capabilities via active and passive actions, while protecting friendly space capabilities 

from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards. (JP 3-14)

defilade — 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire provided by an obstacle such as a 

hill, ridge, or bank. 2. A vertical distance by which a position is concealed from enemy 

observation. 3. To shield from enemy fire or observation by using natural or artificial 

obstacles. (JP 3-09)

definitive care — Care rendered to conclusively manage a patient’s condition, such as full 

range of preventive, curative acute, convalescent, restorative, and rehabilitative medical 

care. (JP 4-02)

degaussing — The process whereby a ship’s magnetic field is reduced by the use of 

electromagnetic coils, permanent magnets, or other means. (JP 3-15)

delayed entry program — A program under which an individual may enlist in a Reserve 

Component of a military service and specify a future reporting date for entry on active 

duty that would coincide with availability of training spaces and with personal plans such 

as high school graduation. Also called DEP. See also active duty. (JP 4-05)

delaying operation — An operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time by 

slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the enemy 

without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged. (JP 3-04)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

64 JP 1-02

delegation of authority — The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her 

authority, commensurate with the assigned task, to a subordinate commander. (JP 1)

deliberate planning — 1. The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving the 

development of joint operation plans for contingencies identified in joint strategic planning 

documents. 2. A planning process for the deployment and employment of apportioned 

forces and resources that occurs in response to a hypothetical situation. (JP 5-0)

demilitarized zone — A defined area in which the stationing or concentrating of military 

forces, or the retention or establishment of military installations of any description, is 

prohibited. (JP 3-07.3)

demobilization — 1. The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment 

and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining 

national security and economic vitality. 2. The process necessary to release from active 

duty, or federal service, units and Reserve Component members who were ordered to 

active duty, or called to federal service. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05)

demonstration — 1. An attack or show of force on a front where a decision is not sought, 

made with the aim of deceiving the enemy. See also amphibious demonstration; 

diversion. 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not 

sought that is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact 

with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-13.4)

denial measure — An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of territory, personnel, or 

facilities to include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions. 

(JP 3-15) 

denied area — An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot 

expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force 

capabilities. (JP 3-05)

Department of Defense civilian — A Federal civilian employee of the Department of 

Defense directly hired and paid from appropriated or nonappropriated funds, under 

permanent or temporary appointment. (JP 1-0)

Department of Defense components — The Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Military 

Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff, the combatant 

commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the 

Department of Defense agencies, Department of Defense field activities, and all other 

organizational entities in the Department of Defense. (JP 1)

Department of Defense construction agent — The Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity, that is 

assigned design or execution responsibilities associated with military construction 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 65

programs, facilities support, or civil engineering support to the combatant commanders 

in contingency operations. See also contingency operation. (JP 3-34)

Department of Defense container system — All Department of Defense owned, leased, and 

controlled 20- or 40-foot intermodal International Organization for Standardization 

containers and flatracks, supporting equipment such as generator sets and chassis, 

container handling equipment, information systems, the 463L system, and other 

infrastructure that supports Department of Defense transportation and logistic operations, 

including commercially provided transportation services. See also container-handling 

equipment. (JP 4-09)

Department of Defense information network — The set of information capabilities, and 

associated processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, and managing 

information on-demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support personnel, whether 

interconnected or stand-alone, including owned and leased communications and 

computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security services, 

other associated services, and national security systems. Also called DODIN. (JP 6-0)

Department of Defense information network operations — Operations to design, build, 

configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain Department of Defense networks to 

create and preserve information assurance on the Department of Defense information 

networks. (JP 3-12)

Department of Defense Intelligence Information System — The combination of 

Department of Defense personnel, procedures, equipment, computer programs, and 

supporting communications that support the timely and comprehensive preparation and 

presentation of intelligence and information to military commanders and national-level 

decision makers. Also called DODIIS. (JP 2-0)

Department of Defense support to counterdrug operations — Support provided by the 

Department of Defense to law enforcement agencies to detect, monitor, and counter the 

production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. See also counterdrug operations. 

(JP 3-07.4)

Department of the Air Force — The executive part of the Department of the Air Force at 

the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Component, 

installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of 

the Air Force. Also called DAF. See also Military Department. (JP 1)

Department of the Army — The executive part of the Department of the Army at the seat 

of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Component, installations, 

activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Army. 

Also called DA. See also Military Department. (JP 1)

Department of the Navy — The executive part of the Department of the Navy at the seat of 

government; the headquarters, United States Marine Corps; the entire operating forces 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

66 JP 1-02

of the United States Navy and of the United States Marine Corps, including the Reserve 

Component of such forces; all field activities, headquarters, forces, bases, installations, 

activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Navy; 

and the United States Coast Guard when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law. 

Also called DON. See also Military Department. (JP 1)

departure airfield — An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. 

See also airfield. (JP 3-17)

departure point — A navigational check point used by aircraft as a marker for setting course. 

(JP 3-17)

dependents/immediate family — An employee’s spouse; children who are unmarried and 

under age 21 years or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of selfsupport; dependent parents, including step and legally adoptive parents of the employee’s 

spouse; and dependent brothers and sisters, including step and legally adoptive brothers and 

sisters of the employee’s spouse who are unmarried and under 21 years of age or who, 

regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of self-support. (JP 3-68)

deployment — The rotation of forces into and out of an operational area. See also 

deployment order; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 3-35)

deployment health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, archiving, 

interpretation, and distribution of health-related data used for monitoring the health of a 

population or of individuals, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, treat, or 

control the occurrence of disease or injury, which includes occupational and 

environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02)

deployment order — A planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by the 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes and directs the transfer of forces 

between combatant commands by reassignment or attachment. Also called DEPORD. 

See also deployment; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0)

deployment planning — Operational planning directed toward the movement of forces and 

sustainment resources from their original locations to a specific operational area for 

conducting the joint operations contemplated in a given plan. See also deployment; 

deployment order; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0)

depot — 1. supply — An activity for the receipt, classification, storage, accounting, issue, 

maintenance, procurement, manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of 

material. 2. personnel — An activity for the reception, processing, training, assignment, 

and forwarding of personnel replacements. (JP 4-0)

design basis threat — The threat against which buildings and other structures must be 

protected and upon which the protective system’s design is based. Also called DBT. 

(JP 3-07.2)
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JP 1-02 67

desired perception — In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to 

make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4)

desired point of impact — A precise point, associated with a target and assigned as the 

impact point for a single unitary weapon to create a desired effect. Also called DPI. See 

also aimpoint. (JP 3-60)

detainee — Any person captured, detained, or otherwise under the control of Department 

of Defense personnel. (JP 3-63)

detainee collection point — A facility or other location where detainees are assembled for 

subsequent movement to a detainee holding area. Also called DCP. (JP 3-63)

detainee holding area — A facility or other location where detainees are administratively 

processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and subsequent release, 

transfer, or movement to a theater detention facility. Also called DHA. (JP 3-63)

detainee operations — A broad term that encompasses the capture, initial detention and 

screening, transportation, treatment and protection, housing, transfer, and release of the 

wide range of persons who could be categorized as detainees. (JP 3-63)

detection — 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest 

but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission 

by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in 

the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 

4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. See also hazard. 

(JP 3-11)

deterrence — The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable 

counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. 

(JP 3-0)

deterrent options — A course of action, developed on the best economic, diplomatic, and 

military judgment, designed to dissuade an adversary from a current course of action or 

contemplated operations. (JP 5-0)

development assistance. Programs, projects, and activities carried out by the United States 

Agency for International Development that improve the lives of the citizens of 

developing countries while furthering United States foreign policy interests in expanding 

democracy and promoting free market economic growth. (JP 3-08)

diplomatic authorization — Authority for overflight or landing obtained at government-togovernment level through diplomatic channels. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

68 JP 1-02

direct action — Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as 

a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and which 

employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, recover, or 

damage designated targets. Also called DA. See also special operations; special 

operations forces. (JP 3-05)

direct air support center — The principal air control agency of the United States Marine 

Corps air command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air 

operations directly supporting the ground combat element. Also called DASC. See also

Marine air command and control system; tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3)

direct air support center (airborne) — An airborne aircraft equipped with the necessary 

staff personnel, communications, and operations facilities to function as a direct air 

support center. Also called DASC(A). See also direct air support center. (JP 3-09.3)

directed energy — An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of 

a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also 

called DE. See also directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1)

directed-energy device — A system using directed energy primarily for a purpose other than 

as a weapon. See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1)

directed-energy warfare — Military action involving the use of directed-energy weapons, 

devices, and countermeasures. Also called DEW. See also directed energy; directedenergy device; directed-energy weapon; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic 

warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

directed-energy weapon — A weapon or system that uses directed energy to incapacitate, 

damage, or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and/or personnel. See also directed 

energy; directed-energy device. (JP 3-13.1)

direct fire — Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the 

weapon or the director. (JP 3-09.3)

direction finding — A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by using 

a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or ancillary 

equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-13.1)

directive authority for logistics — Combatant commander authority to issue directives to 

subordinate commanders to ensure the effective execution of approved operation plans, 

optimize the use or reallocation of available resources, and prevent or eliminate

redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component 

commands. Also called DAFL. See also combatant command (command authority); 

logistics. (JP 1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 69

direct liaison authorized — That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a 

subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within 

or outside of the granting command. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1)

director of mobility forces — The designated agent for all air mobility issues in the area of 

responsibility or joint operations area, exercising coordinating authority between the air 

operations center (or appropriate theater command and control node), the 618 Air 

Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center), and the joint deployment and 

distribution operation center or joint movement center, in order to expedite the resolution 

of air mobility issues. Also called DIRMOBFOR. See also air operations center; 

coordinating authority. (JP 3-17)

direct support — A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and 

authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance. Also 

called DS. See also close support; general support; mission; mutual support; 

support. (JP 3-09.3)

disarmament — The reduction of a military establishment to some level set by international 

agreement. See also arms control agreement. (JP 3-0)

disaster assistance response team — A team of specialists, trained in a variety of disaster relief 

skills, rapidly deployed to assist US embassies and United States Agency for International 

Development missions with the management of US Government response to disasters. Also 

called DART. See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief. (JP 3-08)

disease and nonbattle injury — All illnesses and injuries not resulting from enemy or 

terrorist action or caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02)

disengagement — The act of geographically separating the forces of disputing parties. 

(JP 3-07.3)

dislocated civilian — A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that 

includes a displaced person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a 

refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. See also displaced person; evacuee; 

internally displaced person; migrant; refugee; stateless person. (JP 3-29)

dispersal — Relocation of forces for the purpose of increasing survivability. (JP 3-01)

dispersal airfield — An airfield, military or civil, to which aircraft might move before H-hour 

on either a temporary duty or permanent change of station basis and be able to conduct 

operations. See also airfield. (JP 3-01)

dispersion — 1. The spreading or separating of troops, materiel, establishments, or activities,

which are usually concentrated in limited areas to reduce vulnerability. (JP 5-0) 2. In 

chemical and biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form. 

(JP 3-41) 3. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel and/or cargo on the drop zone. 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

70 JP 1-02

(JP 3-17) 4. In naval control of shipping, the reberthing of a ship in the periphery of the 

port area or in the vicinity of the port for its own protection in order to minimize the risk 

of damage from attack. (JP 4-01.2)

displaced person — A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced persons 

collectively. See also evacuee; refugee. (JP 3-29)

display — In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment intended 

to deceive the adversary’s visual observation. (JP 3-13.4)

dissemination and integration — In intelligence usage, the delivery of intelligence to users 

in a suitable form and the application of the intelligence to appropriate missions, tasks, 

and functions. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)

distant retirement area — In amphibious operations, the sea area located to seaward of the 

landing area to which assault ships may retire and operate in the event of adverse weather 

or to prevent concentration of ships in the landing area. See also amphibious operation; 

landing area. (JP 3-02)

distressed person — An individual who requires search and rescue assistance to remove he or 

she from life-threatening or isolating circumstances in a permissive environment. (JP 3-50)

distribution — 1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a battle, march, or 

maneuver. 2. A planned pattern of projectiles about a point. 3. A planned spread of fire 

to cover a desired frontage or depth. 4. An official delivery of anything, such as orders 

or supplies. 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the logistic 

system to deliver the “right things” to the “right place” at the “right time” to support the 

geographic combatant commander. 6. The process of assigning military personnel to 

activities, units, or billets. (JP 4-0)

distribution manager — The executive agent for managing distribution with the combatant 

commander’s area of responsibility. See also area of responsibility; distribution. 

(JP 4-09)

distribution pipeline — Continuum or channel through which the Department of Defense 

conducts distribution operations, representing the end-to-end flow of resources from 

supplier to consumer and, in some cases, back to the supplier in retrograde activities. See 

also distribution. (JP 4-09)

distribution plan — A reporting system comprising reports, updates, and information 

systems feeds that articulate the requirements of the theater distribution system to the 

strategic and operational resources assigned responsibility for support to the theater. See 

also distribution; distribution system; theater distribution; theater distribution 

system. (JP 4-09)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 71

distribution point — A point at which supplies and/or ammunition, obtained from supporting 

supply points by a division or other unit, are broken down for distribution to subordinate 

units. (JP 4-09)

distribution system — That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures 

designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel 

between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using 

activities and units. (JP 4-09)

ditching — Controlled landing of a distressed aircraft on water. (JP 3-50)

diversion — 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of the 

principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. 2. A change made in 

a prescribed route for operational or tactical reasons that does not constitute a change of 

destination. 3. A rerouting of cargo or passengers to a new transshipment point or 

destination or on a different mode of transportation prior to arrival at ultimate destination. 

4. In naval mine warfare, a route or channel bypassing a dangerous area by connecting

one channel to another or it may branch from a channel and rejoin it on the other side of 

the danger. See also demonstration. (JP 3-03)

doctrine — Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide 

their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment 

in application. See also multinational doctrine; joint doctrine. (CJCSI 5120.02)

domestic emergencies — Civil defense emergencies, civil disturbances, major disasters, or 

natural disasters affecting the public welfare and occurring within the United States and 

its territories. See also natural disaster. (JP 3-27)

domestic intelligence — Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within the United 

States that threaten internal security and that might require the employment of troops; 

and intelligence relating to activities of individuals or agencies potentially or actually 

dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense. (JP 3-08)

dominant user — The Service or multinational partner who is the principal consumer of a 

particular common-user logistic supply or service within a joint or multinational 

operation and will normally act as the lead Service to provide this particular commonuser logistic supply or service to other Service components, multinational partners, other 

governmental agencies, or nongovernmental agencies as directed by the combatant 

commander. See also common-user logistics; lead Service or agency for commonuser logistics. (JP 4-0)

double agent — Agent in contact with two opposing intelligence services, only one of which 

is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services. Also called DA. 

(JP 2-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

72 JP 1-02

double container — A 9.8125 feet by 8 feet by 8 feet (2991 millimeters by 2438 millimeters 

by 2438 millimeters) reusable International Standards Organization compliant double 

container, with double doors at both ends, used for the storage, transportation, and 

distribution of dry cargo. Also called BICON. (JP 4-09)

downgrade — To determine that classified information requires, in the interests of national 

security, a lower degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure than currently 

provided, coupled with a changing of the classification designation to reflect such a lower 

degree. (JP 3-08)

downloading — An operation that removes airborne weapons or stores from an aircraft. 

(JP 3-04)

drop altitude — The altitude above mean sea level at which airdrop is executed. (JP 3-17)

drop zone — A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are 

airdropped. Also called DZ. (JP 3-17)

drug interdiction — A continuum of events focused on interrupting illegal drugs smuggled 

by air, sea, or land. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4)

dual-capable aircraft — Allied and US fighter aircraft tasked and configured to perform 

either conventional or theater nuclear missions. Also called DCA.

dual-role tanker — An aircraft that can carry support personnel, supplies, and equipment for 

the deploying force while escorting and/or refueling combat aircraft to the area of 

responsibility. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

dummy — See decoy. (JP 3-13.4)

dwell time — 1. The length of time a target is expected to remain in one location. (JP 3-60) 

2. The period of time between the release from involuntary active and the reporting date 

for a subsequent tour of active duty pursuant to Title 10, United States Code, Section 

12302. Such time includes any voluntary active duty performed between two periods of 

involuntary active duty pursuant to Title 10, United States Code, Section 12302. 

(DODD 1235.10)

dynamic targeting — Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late, or not selected for 

action in time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60)

dynamic threat assessment — An intelligence assessment developed by the Defense 

Intelligence Agency that details the threat, capabilities, and intentions of adversaries in 

each of the priority plans in the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called DTA. 

(JP 2-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

E

JP 1-02 73

earliest arrival date — A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when a 

unit, a resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of 

debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. 

(JP 5-0)

early warning — Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or 

weapons carriers. Also called EW. See also attack assessment; tactical warning. 

(JP 3-01)

economy of force — The judicious employment and distribution of forces so as to expend 

the minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts in order to allocate the 

maximum possible combat power on primary efforts. (JP 3-0)

E-day — The day landing force personnel, supplies, and equipment begin to embark aboard 

amphibious warfare or commercial ships. (JP 3-02.1)

effect — 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of 

actions, or another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A 

change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0)

effective United States controlled ships — United States-owned foreign flag ships that can 

be tasked by the Maritime Administration to support Department of Defense 

requirements when necessary. Also called EUSCS. (JP 4-01.2)

electro-explosive device — An explosive or pyrotechnic component that initiates an 

explosive, burning, electrical, or mechanical train and is activated by the application of 

electrical energy. Also called EED. (JP 3-04)

electromagnetic battle management — The dynamic monitoring, assessing, planning, and 

directing of joint electromagnetic spectrum operations in support of the commander’s 

scheme of maneuver. Also called EMBM. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic compatibility — The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use

the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing 

or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic 

radiation or response. Also called EMC. See also electromagnetic spectrum; 

electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic environment — The resulting product of the power and time distribution, 

in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission levels 

encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its assigned 

mission in its intended operational environment. Also called EME. (JP 3-13.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

74 JP 1-02

electromagnetic environmental effects — The impact of the electromagnetic environment 

upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. 

Also called E3. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic hardening —Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or equipment 

by blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against 

undesirable effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic interference — Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or 

unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective 

performance of electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic intrusion — The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into 

transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of causing 

confusion. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic jamming — The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of 

electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy’s effective 

use of the electromagnetic spectrum, and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing the 

enemy’s combat capability. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic 

spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic operational environment — The background electromagnetic 

environment and the friendly, neutral, and adversarial electromagnetic order of battle 

within the electromagnetic area of influence associated with a given operational area. 

Also called EMOE. (JP 6-01)

electromagnetic pulse — The electromagnetic radiation from a strong electronic pulse, most 

commonly caused by a nuclear explosion that may couple with electrical or electronic 

systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. See also 

electromagnetic radiation. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic radiation — Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields 

and propagated with the speed of light. (JP 6-01)

electromagnetic radiation hazards —Transmitter or antenna installation that generates or 

increases electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling 

operations in excess of established safe levels. Also called EMR hazards or RADHAZ. 

(JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic spectrum — The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from 

zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands. See also electronic 

warfare. (JP 3-13.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 75

electromagnetic spectrum control — The coordinated execution of joint electromagnetic 

spectrum operations with other lethal and nonlethal operations that enable freedom of 

action in the electromagnetic operational environment. Also called EMSC. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic spectrum management — Planning, coordinating, and managing use of 

the electromagnetic spectrum through operational, engineering, and administrative 

procedures. See also electromagnetic spectrum. (JP 6-01)

electromagnetic vulnerability — The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a 

definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having 

been subjected to a certain level of electromagnetic environmental effects. Also called

EMV. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic attack — Division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic 

energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or 

equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat 

capability and is considered a form of fires. Also called EA. See also electronic 

protection; electronic warfare; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic intelligence — Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign 

noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear 

detonations or radioactive sources. Also called ELINT. See also electronic warfare; 

foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence; signals intelligence. 

(JP 3-13.1)

electronic masking —The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly 

frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and 

electronic systems against enemy electronic warfare support measures/signals 

intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. 

(JP 3-13.1)

electronic probing — Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the devices or 

systems of potential enemies for the purpose of learning the functions and operational 

capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic protection — Division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to protect 

personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the 

electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability. 

Also called EP. See also electronic attack, electronic warfare; electronic warfare 

support. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic reconnaissance — The detection, location, identification, and evaluation of 

foreign electromagnetic radiations. See also electromagnetic radiation; 

reconnaissance. (JP 3-13.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

76 JP 1-02

electronics security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny 

unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception 

and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations, e.g., radar. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic warfare — Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed 

energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called EW. 

See also directed energy; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic attack; electronic 

protection; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic warfare frequency deconfliction — Actions taken to integrate those frequencies 

used by electronic warfare systems into the overall frequency deconfliction process. See 

also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic warfare reprogramming — The deliberate alteration or modification of 

electronic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ 

them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic 

environment. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electronic warfare support — Division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, or 

under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and 

locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic 

energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct 

of future operations. Also called ES. See also electronic attack; electronic protection; 

electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

electro-optical-infrared countermeasure — A device or technique employing electrooptical-infrared materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of 

enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor 

systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-13.1)

element — An organization formed around a specific function within a designated directorate 

of a joint force commander’s headquarters. (JP 3-33)

elevated causeway system — An elevated causeway pier that provides a means of delivering 

containers, certain vehicles, and bulk cargo ashore without the lighterage contending 

with the surf zone. Also called ELCAS. See also causeway. (JP 4-01.6)

elicitation — In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information from a person or group in 

a manner that does not disclose the intent of the interview or conversation. (JP 2-0)

embarkation — The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated stores 

and equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation and tonnage table — A consolidated table showing personnel and cargo, by 

troop or naval units, loaded aboard a combat-loaded ship. (JP 3-02.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 77

embarkation area — An area ashore, including a group of embarkation points, in which final 

preparations for embarkation are completed and through which assigned personnel and 

loads for craft and ships are called forward to embark. See also mounting area. 

(JP 3-02.1)

embarkation element — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport element. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation group — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport element group. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation officer — An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the 

commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading ships. 

See also combat cargo officer. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation order — An order specifying dates, times, routes, loading diagrams, and 

methods of movement to shipside or aircraft for troops and their equipment. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation organization — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with 

supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked aboard ships. See also

embarkation team. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation phase — In amphibious operations, the phase that encompasses the orderly 

assembly of personnel and materiel and their subsequent loading aboard ships and/or 

aircraft in a sequence designed to meet the requirements of the landing force concept of 

operations ashore. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation plans — The plans prepared by the landing force and appropriate subordinate 

commanders containing instructions and information concerning the organization for 

embarkation, assignment to shipping, supplies and equipment to be embarked, location 

and assignment of embarkation areas, control and communication arrangements, 

movement schedules and embarkation sequence, and additional pertinent instructions 

relating to the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02)

embarkation team — A temporary administrative formation of all personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard one ship. See also

embarkation organization. (JP 3-02.1)

embarkation unit — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and 

equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport unit, which is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation. (JP 3-02.1)

emergency action committee — An organization established at a foreign service post by the 

chief of mission or principal officer for the purpose of directing and coordinating the 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

78 JP 1-02

post’s response to contingencies. It consists of consular representatives and members of 

other local US Government agencies in a foreign country who assist in the 

implementation of a Department of State emergency action plan. Also called EAC. 

(JP 3-68)

emergency authority — A Federal military commander’s authority, in extraordinary 

emergency circumstances where prior authorization by the President is impossible and 

duly constituted local authorities are unable to control the situation, to engage 

temporarily in activities that are necessary to quell large-scale, unexpected civil 

disturbances because (1) such activities are necessary to prevent significant loss of life 

or wanton destruction of property and are necessary to restore governmental function and 

public order or (2) duly constituted Federal, state, or local authorities are unable or 

decline to provide adequate protection for Federal property or Federal governmental 

functions. (DODD 3025.18)

emergency-essential employee — A Department of Defense civilian employee whose 

assigned duties and responsibilities must be accomplished following the evacuation of 

non-essential personnel (including dependents) during a declared emergency or outbreak 

of war. See also evacuation. (JP 1-0)

emergency locator beacon — A generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency 

locating purposes. See also personal locator beacon. (JP 3-50)

emergency operations center — A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination 

of information and resources to support domestic incident management activities 

normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41)

emergency preparedness — Measures taken in advance of an emergency to reduce the loss 

of life and property and to protect a nation’s institutions from all types of hazards through 

a comprehensive emergency management program of preparedness, mitigation, 

response, and recovery. Also called EP. (JP 3-28)

emergency preparedness liaison officer — A senior reserve officer who represents their 

Service at the appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination 

responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28)

emergency repair — The least amount of immediate repair to damaged facilities necessary 

for the facilities to support the mission. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34)

emergency support functions — A grouping of government and certain private-sector 

capabilities into an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program 

implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect 

property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and 

help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic 

incidents. Also called ESFs. (JP 3-28)
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JP 1-02 79

emission control — The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other 

emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations 

security: a. detection by enemy sensors; b. mutual interference among friendly systems; 

and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception plan. Also 

called EMCON. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

emission security — The component of communications security that results from all 

measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived 

from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and 

telecommunications systems. See also communications security. (JP 6-0)

employment — The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. (JP 5-0)

end evening civil twilight — The point in time when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath 

the western horizon, and is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see 

objects with the unaided eye. Also called EECT. (JP 2-01.3)

end item — A final combination of end products, component parts, and/or materials that is 

ready for its intended use. (JP 4-02)

end of evening nautical twilight — The point in time when the sun has dropped 12 degrees 

below the western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual 

control of limited military operations. Also called EENT. (JP 2-01.3)

end state — The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander’s 

objectives. (JP 3-0)

end-to-end — A term that describes joint distribution operations boundaries, which begin at 

the point of origin and terminate at the geographic combatant commander’s designated 

point of need within a desired operational area, including the return of forces and 

materiel. (JP 4-09)

enemy combatant — In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or 

its coalition partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E)

engage — 1. In air defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or weapon 

systems to fire on a designated target. See also cease engagement; hold fire. (JP 3-01) 

2. To bring the enemy under fire. (JP 3-09.3)

engagement — 1. In air defense, an attack with guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor 

aircraft, or the launch of an air defense missile by air defense artillery and the missile’s 

subsequent travel to intercept. (JP 3-01) 2. A tactical conflict, usually between opposing 

lower echelons maneuver forces. See also battle; campaign. (JP 3-0)

engagement authority — An authority vested with a joint force commander that may be 

delegated to a subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision. (JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

80 JP 1-02

engineer support plan — An appendix to the logistics annex or separate annex of an 

operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and 

construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces. Also 

called ESP. See also operation plan. (JP 3-34)

en route care — Continuation of the provision of care during movement (evacuation) 

between the health service support capabilities in the roles of care, without clinically 

compromising the patient’s condition. See also evacuation. (JP 4-02)

enterprise force structure — The digitized hierarchical representation of Department of 

Defense organizations, documented in accordance with the standardized precepts of the 

Organizational and Force Structure Construct, generated and shared from .org servers for 

Department of Defense-wide integration and use. (DODI 8260.03)

entity — Within the context of targeting, a term used to describe facilities, organizations, 

individuals, equipment, or virtual (nontangible) things. (JP 3-60)

environmental baseline survey — A multi-disciplinary site survey conducted prior to or in 

the initial stage of a joint operational deployment. Also called EBS. See also general 

engineering. (JP 3-34)

environmental considerations — The spectrum of environmental media, resources, or 

programs that may affect the planning and execution of military operations. (JP 3-34)

equipment — In logistics, all nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual or 

organization. See also component; supplies. (JP 4-0)

escapee — Any person who has been physically captured by the enemy and succeeds in 

getting free. (JP 3-50)

escort — A member of the Armed Forces assigned to accompany, assist, or guide an 

individual or group, e.g., an escort officer. (JP 4-06)

espionage — The act of obtaining, delivering, transmitting, communicating, or receiving 

information about the national defense with an intent, or reason to believe, that the 

information may be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any

foreign nation. Espionage is a violation of Title 18 United States Code, Sections 792-

798 and Article 106, Uniform Code of Military Justice. See also counterintelligence. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

essential care — Medical treatment provided to manage the casualty throughout the roles of 

care, which includes all care and treatment to either return the patient to duty (within the 

theater evacuation policy), or begin initial treatment required for optimization of 

outcome, and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate evacuation. See also en 

route care; first responder; forward resuscitative care; theater. (JP 4-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 81

essential elements of friendly information — Key questions likely to be asked by adversary 

officials and intelligence systems about specific friendly intentions, capabilities, and 

activities, so they can obtain answers critical to their operational effectiveness. Also 

called EEFI. (JP 2-01)

essential elements of information — The most critical information requirements regarding 

the adversary and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to 

relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a 

logical decision. Also called EEIs. (JP 2-0)

essential task — A specified or implied task that an organization must perform to accomplish 

the mission that is typically included in the mission statement. See also implied task; 

specified task. (JP 5-0)

establishing directive — An order issued to specify the purpose of the support relationship. 

(JP 3-02)

estimate — 1. An analysis of a foreign situation, development, or trend that identifies its 

major elements, interprets the significance, and appraises the future possibilities and the 

prospective results of the various actions that might be taken. 2. An appraisal of the 

capabilities, vulnerabilities, and potential courses of action of a foreign nation or 

combination of nations in consequence of a specific national plan, policy, decision, or 

contemplated course of action. 3. An analysis of an actual or contemplated clandestine 

operation in relation to the situation in which it is or would be conducted in order to 

identify and appraise such factors as available as well as needed assets and potential 

obstacles, accomplishments, and consequences. See also intelligence estimate. 

(JP 2-01)

estimative intelligence — Intelligence that identifies, describes, and forecasts adversary 

capabilities and the implications for planning and executing military operations. 

(JP 2-0)

evacuation — 1. Removal of a patient by any of a variety of transport means from a theater 

of military operation, or between health services capabilities, for the purpose of 

preventing further illness or injury, providing additional care, or providing disposition of 

patients from the military health care system. (JP 4-02) 2. The clearance of personnel, 

animals, or materiel from a given locality. (JP 3-68) 3. The controlled process of 

collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, United States

or foreign, to appropriate reclamation, maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposal 

facilities. (JP 4-09) 4. The ordered or authorized departure of noncombatants from a 

specific area by Department of State, Department of Defense, or appropriate military 

commander. This refers to the movement from one area to another in the same or 

different countries. The evacuation is caused by unusual or emergency circumstances 

and applies equally to command or non-command sponsored family members. See also 

evacuee; noncombatant evacuation operations. (JP 3-68)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

82 JP 1-02

evacuee — A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of 

personal security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced 

person; refugee. (JP 3-57)

evader — Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture.

(JP 3-50)

evaluation — In intelligence usage, appraisal of an item of information in terms of credibility, 

reliability, pertinence, and accuracy. (JP 2-01)

evaluation agent — The command or agency designated in the evaluation directive to be 

responsible for the planning, coordination, and conduct of the required evaluation of a 

joint test publication. Also called EA. See also joint doctrine; joint test publication. 

(CJCSM 5120.01)

evaluation and feedback — In intelligence usage, continuous assessment of intelligence 

operations throughout the intelligence process to ensure that the commander’s 

intelligence requirements are being met. See intelligence process. (JP 2-01)

evasion — The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of 

successfully returning to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50)

evasion aid — In personnel recovery, any piece of information or equipment designed to 

assist an individual in avoiding capture. See also blood chit; evasion; evasion chart; 

pointee-talkee; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50)

evasion chart — A special map or chart designed as an evasion aid. Also called EVC. See 

also evasion; evasion aid. (JP 3-50)

evasion plan of action — A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat mission, 

that is intended to improve a potential isolated person’s chances of successful evasion 

and recovery by providing the recovery forces with an additional source of information 

that can increase the predictability of the evader’s action and movement. Also called 

EPA. See also course of action; evader; evasion; recovery force. (JP 3-50)

event matrix — A cross-referenced description of the indicators and activity expected to 

occur in each named area of interest. See also activity; area of interest; indicator. 

(JP 2-01.3)

event template — A guide for collection planning that depicts the named areas of interest 

where activity, or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of action the adversary 

has adopted. See also activity; area of interest; collection planning; course of action. 

(JP 2-01.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 83

exclusion zone — A zone established by a sanctioning body to prohibit specific activities in 

a specific geographic area in order to persuade nations or groups to modify their behavior 

to meet the desires of the sanctioning body or face continued imposition of sanctions, or 

use or threat of force. (JP 3-0)

exclusive economic zone — A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not 

extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the 

territorial sea is measured. Also called EEZ. (JP 3-15)

execute order — 1. An order issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the 

direction of the Secretary of Defense, to implement a decision by the President to initiate 

military operations. 2. An order to initiate military operations as directed. Also called 

EXORD. (JP 5-0)

execution planning — The Adaptive Planning and Execution system translation of an 

approved course of action into an executable plan of action through the preparation of a 

complete operation plan or operation order. Also called EP. See also Joint Operation 

Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0)

executive agent — A term used to indicate a delegation of authority by the Secretary of 

Defense or Deputy Secretary of Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary 

of Defense. Also called EA. (JP 1)

exercise — A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning, 

preparation, and execution that is carried out for the purpose of training and evaluation. 

See also command post exercise; maneuver. (JP 3-34)

exfiltration — The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, 

deception, surprise, or clandestine means. See also special operations; unconventional 

warfare. (JP 3-50)

expeditionary force — An armed force organized to accomplish a specific objective in a 

foreign country. (JP 3-0)

expendable supplies — Supplies that are consumed in use, such as ammunition, paint, fuel, 

cleaning and preserving materials, surgical dressings, drugs, medicines, etc., or that lose 

their identity, such as spare parts, etc., and may be dropped from stock record accounts 

when it is issued or used. (JP 4-02)

exploitation —1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up initial 

gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already created. 2. Taking full 

advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or strategic 

purposes. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is 

designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. See also attack. (JP 2-01.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

84 JP 1-02

explosive cargo — Cargo such as artillery ammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolition 

material, rockets, and missiles. (JP 4-01.5)

explosive hazard — Any hazard containing an explosive component to include unexploded 

explosive ordnance (including land mines), booby traps (some booby traps are 

nonexplosive), improvised explosive devices (which are an improvised type of booby 

trap), captured enemy ammunition, and bulk explosives. Also called EH. (JP 3-15)

explosive hazard incident — The suspected or detected presence of unexploded or damaged 

explosive ordnance that constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, personnel, or 

material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or other conditions 

that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, technical service 

assembly operations, or the laying of mines and demolition charges. (JP 3-15.1)

explosive ordnance — All munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion 

materials, and biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-34)

explosive ordnance disposal — The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering 

safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Also called EOD. 

(JP 3-34)

explosive ordnance disposal unit — Personnel with special training and equipment who 

render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and 

supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-34)

exposure dose — The amount of radiation, as measured in roentgen, at a given point in 

relation to its ability to produce ionization. (JP 3-41)

external audience — All people who are not US military members, Department of Defense

civilian employees, and their immediate families. See also internal audience; public.

(JP 3-61)

external support contract — Contract awarded by contracting organizations whose 

contracting authority does not derive directly from the theater support contracting head(s) 

of contracting activity or from systems support contracting authorities. See also systems 

support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

F

JP 1-02 85

fabricator — An individual or group who, usually without genuine resources, invents or 

inflates information for personal or political gain or political purposes. (JP 2-01.2)

facility — A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following: a building, a 

structure, a utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34)

facility substitutes — Items such as tents and prepackaged structures requisitioned through 

the supply system that may be used to substitute for constructed facilities. (JP 3-34)

family readiness — The state of being prepared to effectively navigate the challenges of daily 

living experienced in the unique context of military service, to include: mobility and 

financial readiness, mobilization and deployment readiness, and personal and family life 

readiness. (DODI 1342.22)

feasibility — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the assigned 

mission can be accomplished using available resources within the time contemplated by 

the plan. See also acceptability; adequacy. (JP 5-0)

feasibility assessment — A basic target analysis that provides an initial determination of the 

viability of a proposed target for special operations forces employment. Also called FA. 

(JP 3-05)

federal service — A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to active 

duty to serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and Article II, 

Section 2 of the Constitution and Title 10, United States Code, Sections 12401 to 12408. 

See also active duty; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05)

feint — In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary 

conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the 

actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4)

F-hour — Effective time of announcement by the Secretary of Defense to the Military 

Departments of a decision to mobilize Reserve units.

field artillery — Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of 

cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Also called FA. (JP 3-09)

fighter engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which 

the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter aircraft. Also 

called FEZ. (JP 3-01)

fighter escort — An offensive counterair operation providing dedicated protection sorties by 

air-to-air capable fighters in support of other offensive air and air support missions over 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

86 JP 1-02

enemy territory, or in a defensive counterair role to protect high value airborne assets. 

(JP 3-01)

fighter sweep — An offensive mission by fighter aircraft to seek out and destroy enemy 

aircraft or targets of opportunity in a designated area. (JP 3-01)

final governing standards — A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive 

environmental provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or 

a specific management practice. (JP 3-34) 

final protective fire — An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed to 

impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas. Also called FPF. (JP 3-09.3)

finance support — A financial management function to provide financial advice and 

recommendations, pay support, disbursing support, establishment of local depository 

accounts, essential accounting support, and support of the procurement process. See also 

financial management. (JP 1-06)

financial management — The combination of the two core functions of resource 

management and finance support. Also called FM. See also finance support; resource 

management. (JP 1-06)

fire direction center — That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and 

communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander exercises 

fire direction and/or fire control. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3)

fires — The use of weapon systems or other actions to create specific lethal or nonlethal 

effects on a target. (JP 3-09)

fire support — Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations 

forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and 

operational objectives. See also fires. (JP 3-09)

fire support area — An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the naval 

force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious 

operation. Also called FSA. See also amphibious operation; fire support. (JP 3-09)

fire support coordination —The planning and executing of fire so that targets are adequately 

covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09)

fire support coordination center — A single location in which are centralized 

communications facilities and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire 

support for Marine forces. Also called FSCC. See also fire support; fire support 

coordination; support; supporting arms coordination center. (JP 3-09)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 87

fire support coordination line — A fire support coordination measure established by the 

land or amphibious force commander to support common objectives within an area of 

operation; beyond which all fires must be coordinated with affected commanders prior 

to engagement, and short of the line, all fires must be coordinated with the establishing 

commander prior to engagement. Also called FSCL. See also fires; fire support. 

(JP 3-09)

fire support coordination measure — A measure employed by commanders to facilitate the 

rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly forces. 

Also called FSCM. See also fire support coordination. (JP 3-0)

fire support coordinator — 1. The officer in charge of the fire support coordination center. 

Also called FSC. 2. The brigade combat team’s organic fires battalion commander; if a 

fires brigade is designated as the division force field artillery headquarters, the fires 

brigade commander is the division’s fire support coordinator and is assisted by the chief 

of fires who then serves as the deputy fire support coordinator during the period the force 

field artillery headquarters is in effect. Also called FSCOORD. (JP 3-09)

fire support element — That section of the tactical operations center at every echelon above 

company responsible for targeting coordination and for integrating fires under the 

control or in support of the force. Also called FSE. Also called fire cell (FC) within 

the United States Army. See also fire support; force; support. (JP 3-09)

fire support officer — The field artillery officer from the operational to tactical level 

responsible for advising the supported commander or assisting the senior fires officer of 

the organization on fires functions and fire support. Also called FSO. See also field 

artillery; fire support; support. (JP 3-09)

fire support station — An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire 

support ship delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02)

fire support team — A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and 

selected units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including 

mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. Also 

called FIST. See also close air support; field artillery; fire support; support. 

(JP 3-09.3)

first responder — A primary health care provider who provides immediate clinical care and 

stabilization in preparation for evacuation to the next health service support capability in 

the roles of care, and treats Service members for common acute minor illnesses. See also 

essential care; evacuation. (JP 4-02)

first responder care — The health care capability that provides immediate clinical care and 

stabilization to the patient in preparation for evacuation to the next health service support 

capability in the continuum of care. (JP 4-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

88 JP 1-02

fixed port — Terminals with an improved network of cargo-handling facilities designed for 

the transfer of freight. See also maritime terminal. (JP 4-01.5)

fixed price contract — A type of contract that generally provides for a firm price or, under 

appropriate circumstances, may provide for an adjustable price for the supplies or 

services being procured. (JP 4-10)

flame field expedients — Simple, handmade devices used to produce flame or illumination. 

Also called FFE. (JP 3-15)

flash burn — A burn caused by excessive exposure (of bare skin) to thermal radiation. 

(JP 3-41)

flatrack — Portable, open-topped, open-sided units that fit into existing below-deck container 

cell guides and provide a capability for container ships to carry oversized cargo and 

wheeled and tracked vehicles. (JP 4-09)

fleet — An organization of ships, aircraft, Marine forces, and shore-based fleet activities all 

under a commander who may exercise operational as well as administrative control. See 

also numbered fleet. (JP 3-02.1)

Fleet Marine Force — A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air, and service 

elements of the United States Marine Corps, which is an integral part of a United States

fleet and has the status of a type command. Also called FMF. (JP 4-02)

flexible deterrent option — A planning construct intended to facilitate early decision making 

by developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrent-oriented 

actions carefully tailored to produce a desired effect. Also called FDO. See also 

deterrent options. (JP 5-0)

flexible response — The capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy 

threat or attack with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. 

(JP 5-0)

flight — 1. In Navy and Marine Corps usage, a specified group of aircraft usually engaged in 

a common mission. 2. The basic tactical unit in the Air Force, consisting of four or more 

aircraft in two or more elements. 3. A single aircraft airborne on a nonoperational 

mission. (JP 3-30)

flight deck — 1. In certain airplanes, an elevated compartment occupied by the crew for 

operating the airplane in flight. 2. The upper deck of an aircraft carrier that serves as a 

runway. The deck of an air-capable ship, amphibious aviation assault ship, or aircraft 

carrier used to launch and recover aircraft. (JP 3-04)

flight deck officer — Officer responsible for the safe movement of aircraft on or about the 

flight deck of an aviation-capable ship. Also called FDO. (JP 3-04)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 89

flight quarters — A ship configuration that assigns and stations personnel at critical positions 

to conduct safe flight operations. (JP 3-04)

floating craft company — A company-sized unit made up of various watercraft teams such 

as tugs, barges, and barge cranes. (JP 4-01.6)

floating dump — Emergency supplies preloaded in landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or in 

landing shipsthat are located in the vicinity of the appropriate control officer, who directs 

their landing as requested by the troop commander concerned. (JP 3-02)

fly-in echelon — Airlifted forces and equipment to include flight ferry aircraft and aviation 

support equipment needed to support operations; typically associated with the use of prepositioned assets. Also called FIE. (JP 3-02.1)

follow-up — In amphibious operations, the reinforcements and stores carried on ships and 

aircraft (not originally part of the amphibious force) that are off-loaded after the assault 

and assault follow-on echelons have been landed. See also amphibious operation; 

assault; assault follow-on echelon. (JP 3-02)

follow-up shipping — Ships not originally a part of the amphibious task force but which 

deliver troops and supplies to the objective area after the action phase has begun. 

(JP 3-02)

footprint — 1. The area on the surface of the earth within a satellite’s transmitter or sensor 

field of view. 2. The amount of personnel, spares, resources, and capabilities physically 

present and occupying space at a deployed location. (JP 4-01.5)

force — 1. An aggregation of military personnel, weapon systems, equipment, and necessary 

support, or combination thereof. 2. A major subdivision of a fleet. (JP 1)

force/activity designator — Number used in conjunction with urgency of need designators 

to establish a matrix of priorities used for supply requisitions. Also called F/AD. See 

also force. (JP 4-09)

force beddown — The provision of expedient facilities for troop support to provide a 

platform for the projection of force. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34)

force closure — The point in time when a supported joint force commander determines that 

sufficient personnel and equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to carry 

out assigned tasks. See also closure; force. (JP 3-35)

force health protection — Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and 

physical well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury 

and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. Also called FHP. See also force; 

protection. (JP 4-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

90 JP 1-02

force management — An organizing construct of processes, policies, organizational 

information, and tools that informs senior leader decision making on the global joint 

sourcing of the defense strategy. (DODI 8260.03)

force module — A grouping of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces, 

with their accompanying supplies and the required nonunit resupply and personnel 

necessary to sustain forces for a minimum of 30 days. Also called FM. (JP 4-01.5)

force planning — 1. Planning associated with the creation and maintenance of military 

capabilities by the Military Departments, Services, and US Special Operations 

Command. 2. In the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, the planning 

conducted by the supported combatant command and its components to determine 

required force capabilities to accomplish an assigned mission. (JP 5-0)

force projection — The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the 

United States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. See 

also force. (JP 3-0)

force protection — Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against Department 

of Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, and critical 

information. Also called FP. See also force; force protection condition; protection. 

(JP 3-0)

force protection condition — A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard for 

identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against United States

personnel and facilities. Also called FPCON. See also antiterrorism; force 

protection. (JP 3-07.2)

force protection detachment — A counterintelligence element that provides 

counterintelligence support to transiting and assigned ships, personnel, and aircraft in 

regions of elevated threat. Also called FPD. (JP 2-01.2)

force protection working group — Cross-functional working group whose purpose is to 

conduct risk assessment and risk management and to recommend mitigating measures to 

the commander. Also called FPWG. (JP 3-10)

force requirement number — An alphanumeric code used to uniquely identify force entries 

in a given operation plan time-phased force and deployment data. Also called FRN. 

(JP 3-35)

force sequencing — The phased introduction of forces into and out of the operational area. 

(JP 3-68)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 91

force sourcing — The identification of the actual units, their origins, ports of embarkation, 

and movement characteristics to satisfy the time-phased force requirements of a 

supported commander. (JP 5-0)

force structure — The composition of Department of Defense organizations, both military 

and civilian, that comprise and support United States defense forces as specified by the 

National Defense Authorization Acts of current and applicable previous years, and 

defines the organizational hierarchy through which leadership authorities are exercised. 

(DODI 8260.03)

force tracking — The process of gathering and maintaining information on the location, 

status, and predicted movement of each element of a unit including the unit’s command 

element, personnel, and unit-related supplies and equipment while in transit to the 

specified operational area. (JP 3-35)

force visibility — The current and accurate status of forces; their current mission; future 

missions; location; mission priority; and readiness status. (JP 3-35)

forcible entry — Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed opposition. 

See also lodgment. (JP 3-18)

foreign assistance — Assistance to foreign nations ranging from the sale of military 

equipment to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and manmade disasters; that may be provided through development assistance, humanitarian 

assistance, and security assistance. See also domestic emergencies; foreign disaster; 

foreign humanitarian assistance; security assistance. (JP 3-29)

foreign consequence management — United States Government activity that assists friends 

and allies in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental chemical, 

biological, radiological, or nuclear incident on foreign territory in order to maximize 

preservation of life. Also called FCM. (JP 3-41)

foreign disaster — A calamitous situation or event that occurs naturally or through human 

activities, which threatens or inflicts human suffering on a scale that may warrant 

emergency relief assistance from the United States Government or from foreign partners.

See also foreign disaster relief. (JP 3-29)

foreign disaster relief — Assistance that can be used immediately to alleviate the suffering

of foreign disaster victims that normally includes services and commodities as well as 

the rescue and evacuation of victims; the provision and transportation of food, water, 

clothing, medicines, beds, bedding, and temporary shelter; the furnishing of medical 

equipment, medical and technical personnel; and making repairs to essential services. 

Also called FDR. See also foreign disaster. (JP 3-29)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

92 JP 1-02

foreign humanitarian assistance — Department of Defense activities conducted outside the 

United States and its territories to directly relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, 

hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. See also foreign assistance. (JP 3-29)

foreign instrumentation signals intelligence — A subcategory of signals intelligence, 

consisting of technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of foreign 

electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational deployment of 

non-US aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Foreign instrumentation signals 

include but are not limited to telemetry, beaconry, electronic interrogators, and video data 

links. Also called FISINT. See also signals intelligence. (JP 2-01)

foreign intelligence — Information relating to capabilities, intentions, and activities of 

foreign governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons, or 

international terrorist activities. Also called FI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0)

foreign intelligence entity — Any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or group 

(public, private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire US 

information, block or impair US intelligence collection, influence US policy, or disrupts 

US systems and programs. The term includes foreign intelligence and security services 

and international terrorists. Also called FIE. (JP 2-01.2)

foreign internal defense — Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government 

in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated 

organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, 

terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22)

foreign military intelligence collection activities — Entails the overt debriefing, by trained 

human intelligence personnel, of all US persons employed by the Department of Defense 

who have access to information of potential national security value. Also called 

FORMICA. (JP 2-01.2)

foreign military sales — That portion of United States security assistance authorized by the 

Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, 

as amended. This assistance differs from the Military Assistance Program and the 

International Military Education and Training Program in that the recipient provides 

reimbursement for defense articles and services transferred. Also called FMS. 

(JP 4-08)

foreign national — Any person other than a US citizen, US permanent or temporary legal 

resident alien, or person in US custody. (JP 1-0)

foreign nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered to a nation when 

operating outside its national boundaries during military operations based on agreements 

mutually concluded between nations or on behalf of intergovernmental organizations. 

Also called FNS. See also host-nation support. (JP 1-06)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 93

foreign object damage — Rags, pieces of paper, line, articles of clothing, nuts, bolts, or tools 

that, when misplaced or caught by air currents normally found around aircraft operations 

(jet blast, rotor or prop wash, engine intake), cause damage to aircraft systems or weapons 

or injury to personnel. Also called FOD. (JP 3-04)

foreign service national — Foreign nationals who provide clerical, administrative, technical, 

fiscal, and other support at foreign service posts abroad and are not citizens of the United 

States. The term includes third country nationals who are individuals employed by a 

United States mission abroad and are neither a citizen of the United States nor of the 

country to which assigned for duty. Also called FSN. (JP 3-68)

forensic-enabled intelligence — The intelligence resulting from the integration of 

scientifically examined materials and other information to establish full characterization, 

attribution, and the linkage of events, locations, items, signatures, nefarious intent, and 

persons of interest. Also called FEI. (JP 2-0)

formerly restricted data — Information removed from the restricted data category upon a 

joint determination by the Department of Energy (or antecedent agencies) and 

Department of Defense that such information relates primarily to the military utilization 

of atomic weapons and that such information can be adequately safeguarded as classified 

defense information. (Section 142d, Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.) 

(JP 2-01)

forward air controller — An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party 

who, from a forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support of 

ground troops. Also called FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3)

forward air controller (airborne) — A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer,

normally an airborne extension of the tactical air control party, who exercises control 

from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground troops. Also called

FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3)

forward area — An area in proximity to combat. (JP 4-02)

forward arming and refueling point — A temporary facility, organized, equipped, and 

deployed to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation 

maneuver units in combat. Also called FARP. (JP 3-09.3)

forward aviation combat engineering — A mobility operation in which engineers perform 

tasks in support of forward aviation ground facilities. Also called FACE. See also 

combat engineering; reconnaissance. (JP 3-34)

forward edge of the battle area — The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground 

combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces 

are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the 

maneuver of units. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

94 JP 1-02

forward line of own troops — A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly 

forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. (JP 3-03)

forward-looking infrared — An airborne, electro-optical thermal imaging device that 

detects far-infrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a 

visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3)

forward observer — An observer operating with front line troops trained to adjust ground or 

naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information. Also called FO. See also forward 

air controller; spotter. (JP 3-09)

forward operating base — An airfield used to support tactical operations without 

establishing full support facilities. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3)

forward operating site — A scaleable location outside the United States and US territories 

intended for rotational use by operating forces. Such expandable “warm facilities” may 

be maintained with a limited US military support presence and possibly pre-positioned 

equipment. Forward operating sites support rotational rather than permanently stationed 

forces and are a focus for bilateral and regional training. Also called FOS. See also 

cooperative security location; main operating base. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

forward presence — Maintaining forward-deployed or stationed forces overseas to 

demonstrate national resolve, strengthen alliances, dissuade potential adversaries, and 

enhance the ability to respond quickly to contingencies. (JP 3-32)

forward resuscitative care — Care provided as close to the point of injury as possible based 

on current operational requirements to attain stabilization, achieve the most efficient use 

of life-and-limb saving medical treatment, and provide essential care so the patient can 

tolerate evacuation, which is known as Role 2 care in the North Atlantic Treaty 

Organization doctrine. Also called FRC. See also essential care; evacuation; medical 

treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

foundation geospatial-intelligence data — The base underlying data to provide context and 

a framework for display and visualization of the environment to support analysis 

operations and intelligence, which consists of: features; elevation; controlled imagery; 

geodetic sciences; geographic names and boundaries; aeronautical, maritime and human 

geography. (JP 2-03)

463L system — A material handling system that consists of military and civilian aircraft 

cargo restraint rail systems, aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, coupling devices, facilities, 

handling equipment, procedures, and other components designed to efficiently 

accomplish the air logistics and aerial delivery mission. (JP 4-09)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 95

fragmentary order — An abbreviated form of an operation order issued as needed after an 

operation order to change or modify that order or to execute a branch or sequel to that 

order. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0)

freedom of navigation operations — Operations conducted to demonstrate US navigation, 

overflight, and related interests on, or under, and over the seas. (JP 3-0)

free drop — The dropping of equipment or supplies from an aircraft without the use of 

parachutes. See also airdrop; air movement; free fall; high velocity drop; low 

velocity drop. (JP 3-17)

free fall — A parachute maneuver in which the parachute is manually activated at the 

discretion of the jumper or automatically at a preset altitude. See also airdrop; air 

movement; free drop; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17)

free-fire area — A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional 

coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09)

free mail — Correspondence of a personal nature that weighs less than 11 ounces, to include 

audio and video recording tapes, from a member of the Armed Forces or designated 

civilian, mailed postage free from a Secretary of Defense approved free mail zone. 

(JP 1-0)

frequency deconfliction — A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of the 

electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence functions. 

Frequency deconfliction is one element of electromagnetic spectrum management. See 

also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic 

warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

friendly — A contact positively identified as friendly. (JP 3-01)

friendly force information requirement — Information the commander and staff need to 

understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. 

(JP 3-0)

friendly force tracking — The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and 

movement of friendly forces. Also called FFT. (JP 3-09)

frustrated cargo — Any shipment of supplies and/or equipment which, while en route to 

destination, is stopped prior to receipt and for which further disposition instructions must 

be obtained. (JP 4-01.5)

full mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces resulting from action by Congress 

and the President to mobilize for the duration of the emergency plus six months all 

Reserve Component units and individuals in the existing approved force structure, as 

well as all retired military personnel, and the resources needed for their support to meet 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

96 JP 1-02

the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the 

national security. (JP 4-05)

full-spectrum superiority — The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, maritime, 

and space domains and information environment (which includes cyberspace) that 

permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or prohibitive 

interference. (JP 3-0)

function — The broad, general, and enduring role for which an organization is designed, 

equipped, and trained. (JP 1)

functional component command — A command normally, but not necessarily, composed 

of forces of two or more Military Departments which may be established across the range 

of military operations to perform particular operational missions that may be of short 

duration or may extend over a period of time. See also component; Service component 

command. (JP 1)

functional damage assessment — The estimate of the effect of military force to degrade or 

destroy the functional or operational capability of the target to perform its intended 

mission and on the level of success in achieving operational objectives established 

against the target. See also damage assessment; target. (JP 3-60)

fusion — In intelligence usage, the process of managing information to conduct all-source 

analysis and derive a complete assessment of activity. (JP 2-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

G

JP 1-02 97

general agency agreement — A contract between the Maritime Administration and a 

steamship company which, as general agent, exercises administrative control over a 

government-owned ship for employment by the Military Sealift Command. Also called 

GAA. See also Military Sealift Command. (JP 3-02.1)

general cargo — Cargo that is suitable for loading in general, nonspecialized stowage areas 

or standard shipping containers; e.g., boxes, barrels, bales, crates, packages, bundles, and 

pallets. (JP 4-09)

general engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat 

engineering, that modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Also called GE. 

(JP 3-34)

general military intelligence — Intelligence concerning the military capabilities of foreign 

countries or organizations, or topics affecting potential United States or multinational 

military operations. Also called GMI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0)

general support — 1. That support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not 

to any particular subdivision thereof. See also close support; direct support; mutual 

support; support. 2. A tactical artillery mission. Also called GS. See also direct 

support; general support-reinforcing. (JP 3-09.3)

general support-reinforcing — The artillery mission of supporting the force as a whole and 

of providing reinforcing fires for other artillery units. Also called GSR. (JP 3-09.3)

general unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore 

movement in which unloading is primarily logistic in character, and emphasizes speed 

and volume of unloading operations. See also initial unloading period. (JP 3-02)

geographic coordinates — The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the position 

of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference spheroid. (JP 2-03)

geospatial engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a 

clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information and 

services to commanders and staffs. See also geospatial information and services. 

(JP 3-34)

geospatial information — Information that identifies the geographic location and 

characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: 

statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, 

mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related 

products. (JP 2-03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

98 JP 1-02

geospatial information and services — The collection, information extraction, storage, 

dissemination, and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, 

aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data accurately 

referenced to a precise location on the Earth’s surface. Also called GI&S. (JP 2-03)

geospatial intelligence — The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial 

information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically 

referenced activities on the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery 

intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03)

geospatial intelligence base for contingency operations — A mobile visualization tool 

available through National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the Defense Logistics 

Agency. Applications are broad, including the capability to become familiar with a 

foreign environment, develop a battle scene, plan and execute noncombatant evacuations, 

contingency operations, urban area missions, and provide access to geospatial data where 

networks or infrastructure have been damaged or do not exist. Also called GIBCO. 

(JP 3-68)

geospatial intelligence operations — The tasks, activities, and events to collect, manage, 

analyze, generate, visualize, and provide imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial 

information necessary to support national and defense missions and international 

arrangements. Also called GEOINT operations. (JP 2-03)

Global Air Transportation Execution System — The Air Mobility Command’s aerial port 

operations and management information system designed to support automated cargo 

and passenger processing, the reporting of in-transit visibility data to the Global 

Transportation Network, and billing to Air Mobility Command’s financial management 

directorate. Also called GATES. See also Air Mobility Command. (JP 3-17)

global ballistic missile defense. Defense against ballistic missile threats that cross one or 

more geographical combatant command boundaries and requires synchronization among 

the affected combatant commands. Also called GBMD. (JP 3-01)

Global Combat Support System-Joint — The primary information technology application 

used to provide automation support to the joint logistician. Also called GCSS-J. 

(JP 4-0)

Global Command and Control System — A deployable command and control system 

supporting forces for joint and multinational operations across the range of military 

operations with compatible, interoperable, and integrated communications systems. 

Also called GCCS. See also command and control; command and control system. 

(JP 6-0)

Global Decision Support System — The command and control system employed by 

mobility air forces that provides schedules, arrival and/or departure information, and 

status data to support in-transit visibility of mobility airlift and air refueling aircraft and 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 99

aircrews. Also called GDSS. See also Air Mobility Command; in-transit visibility. 

(JP 3-17)

global distribution — The process that coordinates and synchronizes fulfillment of joint 

force requirements from point of origin to point of employment. See also distribution. 

(JP 4-09)

global distribution of materiel — The process of providing materiel from the source of 

supply to its point of consumption or use on a worldwide basis. See also global 

distribution. (JP 4-09)

global fleet station — A persistent sea base of operations from which to interact with partner 

nation military and civilian populations and the global maritime community. Also called 

GFS. (JP 3-32)

global force management — 1. A process that provides near-term sourcing solutions while 

providing the integrating mechanism between force apportionment, allocation, and 

assignment. Also call GFM. (JP 3-35) 2. A process to align assignment, allocation, and 

apportionment of forces to combatant commanders in support of the national defense 

strategy and joint force availability requirements. (DODI 8260.03)

global maritime partnership — An approach to cooperation among maritime nations with 

a shared stake in international commerce, safety, security, and freedom of the seas. Also 

called GMP. (JP 3-32)

Global Patient Movement Requirements Center — A joint activity reporting directly to 

the Commander, United States Transportation Command, which provides medical 

regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling for the continental United States and 

intertheater operations, provides support to the theater patient movement requirements 

centers, and coordinates with supporting resource providers to identify available assets 

and communicates transport to bed plans to the appropriate transportation agency for 

execution. Also called GPMRC. See also medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

Global Positioning System — A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the 

Department of Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise 

positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14)

global transportation management — The integrated process of satisfying transportation 

requirements using the Defense Transportation System to meet national security 

objectives. Also called GTM. See also Defense Transportation System. (JP 4-01)

go/no-go — A critical point at which a decision to proceed or not must be made. (JP 3-02)

governance — The state’s ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and 

behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

100 JP 1-02

exercised in a society, including the representative participatory decision-making 

processes typically guaranteed under inclusive, constitutional authority. (JP 3-24)

governing factors — In the context of joint operation planning, those aspects of the situation 

(or externally imposed factors) that the commander deems critical to the accomplishment 

of the mission. (JP 5-0)

grid coordinates — Coordinates of a grid coordinate system to which numbers and letters 

are assigned for use in designating a point on a gridded map, photograph, or chart. 

(JP 3-09)

ground alert — That status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully serviced and armed, 

with combat crews in readiness to take off within a specified period of time after receipt 

of a mission order. See also airborne alert. (JP 3-01)

ground-based interceptor — A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against longrange ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the targeted 

reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. Also called GBI. (JP 3-01)

ground-based midcourse defense — A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for 

exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the 

ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01)

group — 1. A flexible administrative and tactical unit composed of either two or more 

battalions or two or more squadrons. 2. A number of ships and/or aircraft, normally a 

subdivision of a force, assigned for a specific purpose. 3. A long-standing functional 

organization that is formed to support a broad function within a joint force commander’s 

headquarters. Also called GP. (JP 3-33)

guarded frequencies — A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being 

exploited for combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has 

weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. See 

also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

guerrilla force — A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized along 

military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, hostile, or 

denied territory. (JP 3-05)

guided missile — An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the Earth whose 

trajectory or flight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism. 

See also ballistic missile. (JP 3-01)

gun-target line — An imaginary straight line from gun to target. Also called GTL. 

(JP 3-09.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

H

JP 1-02 101

half-life — The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to half 

of its initial value due to radioactive decay. (JP 3-11)

hardstand — 1. A paved or stabilized area where vehicles are parked. 2. Open ground with 

a prepared surface used for the storage of materiel. (JP 3-34)

hasty breach — The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods such 

as blasting with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the minefields 

when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate breaching, or 

bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15)

hazard — A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; 

damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. See also injury; 

risk. (JP 3-33)

hazardous cargo — Cargo that includes not only large bulk-type categories such as 

explosives, pyrotechnics, petroleum, oils, and lubricants, compressed gases, corrosives 

and batteries, but lesser quantity materials like super-tropical bleach (oxiderizer), 

pesticides, poisons, medicines, specialized medical chemicals and medical waste that can 

be loaded as cargo. (JP 3-02.1)

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels — The potential hazard that is created when 

volatile combustibles, such as fuel, are exposed to electromagnetic fields of sufficient 

energy to cause ignition. Also called HERF. (JP 3-04)

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance — The danger of accidental actuation of 

electro-explosive devices or otherwise electrically activating ordnance because of radio 

frequency electromagnetic fields. Also called HERO. See also electromagnetic 

radiation; HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. 

(JP 3-04)

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel — The potential hazard that exists when 

personnel are exposed to an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to heat the human 

body. Also called HERP. (JP 3-04)

head of contracting activity — The official who has overall responsibility for managing the 

contracting activity. Also called HCA. (JP 4-10)

head-up display — A display of flight, navigation, attack, or other information superimposed 

upon the pilot’s forward field of view. Also called HUD. See also flight. (JP 3-09.3)

health care provider — Any member of the Armed Forces, civilian employee of the 

Department of Defense, or personal services contract employee under Title 10, United 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

102 JP 1-02

States Code, Section 1091 authorized by the Department of Defense to perform health 

care functions. Also called DOD health care provider. (JP 4-02)

health service support — All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote, 

improve, conserve, or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel, which 

include, but are not limited to, the management of health services resources, such as 

manpower, monies, and facilities; preventive and curative health measures; evacuation 

of the wounded, injured, or sick; selection of the medically fit and disposition of the 

medically unfit; blood management; medical supply, equipment, and maintenance 

thereof; combat and operational stress control; and medical, dental, veterinary, 

laboratory, optometric, nutrition therapy, and medical intelligence services. Also called 

HSS. (JP 4-02)

health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of 

health-related data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a 

population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions to 

prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and 

environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02)

health threat — A composite of ongoing or potential enemy actions; adverse environmental, 

occupational, and geographic and meteorological conditions; endemic diseases; and 

employment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (to include 

weapons of mass destruction) that have the potential to affect the short- or long-term 

health (including psychological impact) of personnel. (JP 4-02)

heavy-lift cargo — 1. Any single cargo lift, weighing over 5 long tons, and to be handled 

aboard ship. 2. In Marine Corps usage, individual units of cargo that exceed 800 pounds 

in weight or 100 cubic feet in volume. (JP 4-01.5)

heavy-lift ship — A ship specially designed and capable of loading and unloading heavy and 

bulky items and has booms of sufficient capacity to accommodate a single lift of 100 

tons. (JP 4-01.2)

height of burst — The vertical distance from the Earth’s surface or target to the point of burst. 

Also called HOB. (JP 3-41)

helicopter coordination section — The section within the Navy tactical air control center 

that coordinates rotary-wing air operations with the air traffic control center(s) in the 

amphibious force. Also called HCS. (JP 3-02)

helicopter support team — A task organization formed and equipped for employment in a 

landing zone to facilitate the landing and movement of helicopter-borne troops, 

equipment, and supplies, and to evacuate selected casualties and enemy prisoners of war. 

Also called HST. (JP 3-50)
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JP 1-02 103

HERO SAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item that is percussion initiated, sufficiently 

shielded or otherwise so protected that all electro-explosive devices contained by the item 

are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in its 

expected radio frequency environments, provided that the general hazards of 

electromagnetic radiation to ordnance requirements defined in the hazards from 

electromagnetic radiation manual are observed. See also electromagnetic radiation; 

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE 

ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04)

HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive 

devices proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by radio frequency energy to 

the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is 

employed in its expected radio frequency environment. See also electromagnetic 

radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SAFE 

ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04)

HERO UNSAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive devices that 

has not been classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance as a result 

of a hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) analysis or test is 

considered HERO UNSAFE ordnance. Additionally, any ordnance item containing 

electro-explosive devices (including those previously classified as HERO SAFE or 

HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance) that has its internal wiring exposed; when tests are 

being conducted on that item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; 

when electro-explosive devices having exposed wire leads are present and handled or 

loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or disassembled; 

or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal wiring or 

components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. See also

electromagnetic radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; 

HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04)

H-hour — 1. The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 5-

0) 2. In amphibious operations, the time the first landing craft or amphibious vehicle of 

the waterborne wave lands or is scheduled to land on the beach, and in some cases, the 

commencement of countermine breaching operations. (JP 3-02)

high altitude bombing — Horizontal bombing with the height of release over 15,000 feet. 

(JP 3-09.3)

high-altitude missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions 

within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with highaltitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called HIMEZ. (JP 3-01)

high-density airspace control zone — Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or 

airspace control order in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and 

varied weapons and airspace users. Also called HIDACZ. (JP 3-52)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

104 JP 1-02

high-payoff target — A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the 

success of the friendly course of action. Also called HPT. See also high-value target; 

target. (JP 3-60)

high-risk personnel — Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or 

relative isolation, are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called 

HRP. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2)

high value airborne asset protection — A defensive counterair mission using fighter escorts 

that defends airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even one 

could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy with 

significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. See also defensive 

counterair. (JP 3-01)

high-value target — A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion 

of the mission. Also called HVT. See also high-payoff target; target. (JP 3-60)

high velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity is greater than 30 feet per 

second and lower than free drop velocity. See also airdrop. (JP 3-17)

holding point — A geographically or electronically defined location used in stationing 

aircraft in flight in a predetermined pattern in accordance with air traffic control 

clearance. (JP 3-50)

homeland — The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, 

United States territories, and surrounding territorial waters and airspace. (JP 3-28)

homeland defense — The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic 

population, and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other 

threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27)

homeland security — A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the 

United States; reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other 

emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and 

other emergencies that occur. Also called HS. (JP 3-27)

home station — The permanent location of active duty units and Reserve Component units. 

See also active duty; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05)

homing — The technique whereby a mobile station directs itself, or is directed, towards a 

source of primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point. (JP 3-50)

homing adaptor — A device which, when used with an aircraft radio receiver, produces aural 

and/or visual signals that indicate the direction of a transmitting radio station with respect 

to the heading of the aircraft. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 105

honey pot — A trap set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at 

unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data, or a 

network site that appears to be part of a network, but is actually isolated, (un)protected, 

and monitored, and which seems to contain information or a resource of value to 

attackers. (JP 3-13.4)

horizontal stowage — The lateral distribution of unit equipment or categories of supplies so 

that they can be unloaded simultaneously from two or more holds. (JP 3-02.1)

hostage rescue — A personnel recovery method used to recover isolated personnel who are 

specifically designated as hostages. Also called HR. (JP 3-50)

host country — A nation which permits, either by written agreement or official invitation,

government representatives and/or agencies of another nation to operate, under specified 

conditions, within its borders. (JP 2-01.2)

hostile act — An attack or other use of force against the United States, United States forces, 

or other designated persons or property to preclude or impede the mission and/or duties 

of United States forces, including the recovery of United States personnel or vital United 

States Government property. (JP 3-28)

hostile casualty — A person who is the victim of a terrorist activity or who becomes a 

casualty “in action.” “In action” characterizes the casualty as having been the direct 

result of hostile action, sustained in combat or relating thereto, or sustained going to or 

returning from a combat mission provided that the occurrence was directly related to 

hostile action. Included are persons killed or wounded mistakenly or accidentally by 

friendly fire directed at a hostile force or what is thought to be a hostile force. However, 

not to be considered as sustained in action and not to be interpreted as hostile casualties 

are injuries or death due to the elements, self-inflicted wounds, combat fatigue, and 

except in unusual cases, wounds or death inflicted by a friendly force while the individual 

is in an absent-without-leave, deserter, or dropped-from-rolls status or is voluntarily 

absent from a place of duty. See also casualty.

hostile intent — The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United States

forces, or other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01)

host nation — A nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations and/or 

NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory. 

Also called HN. (JP 3-57)

host-nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces 

within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on agreements 

mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. See also host nation. (JP 4-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

106 JP 1-02

hub — An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply 

sources (airlifted, sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. See 

also hub and spoke distribution; spoke. (JP 4-09)

hub and spoke distribution — A physical distribution system, in which a major port serves 

as a central point from which cargo is moved to and from several radiating points to 

increase transportation efficiencies and in-transit visibility. See also distribution;

distribution system; hub; in-transit visibility; spoke. (JP 4-09)

human factors — The physical, cultural, psychological, and behavioral attributes of an 

individual or group that influence perceptions, understanding, and interactions. (JP 2-0)

human intelligence — A category of intelligence derived from information collected and 

provided by human sources. Also called HUMINT. (JP 2-0)

humanitarian and civic assistance — Assistance to the local populace, specifically 

authorized by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and funded under separate 

authorities, provided by predominantly United States forces in conjunction with military 

operations. Also called HCA. See also foreign humanitarian assistance. (JP 3-29)

humanitarian assistance coordination center — A temporary center established by a 

geographic combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and planning 

during the early planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance 

operations. Also called HACC. See also foreign humanitarian assistance; 

interagency coordination. (JP 3-29)

humanitarian demining assistance — The activities related to the furnishing of education, 

training, and technical assistance with respect to the detection and clearance of land 

mines and other explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-29)

humanitarian mine action — Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and 

environmental impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance and small arms ammunition 

- also characterized as explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-15)

humanitarian operations center — An international and interagency body that coordinates 

the overall relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign 

humanitarian assistance operation. Also called HOC. See also operation. (JP 3-29)

hung ordnance — Those weapons or stores on an aircraft that the pilot has attempted to drop 

or fire but could not because of a malfunction of the weapon, rack or launcher, or aircraft 

release and control system. (JP 3-04)

hydrographic reconnaissance — Reconnaissance of an area of water to determine depths, 

beach gradients, the nature of the bottom, and the location of coral reefs, rocks, shoals, 

and man-made obstacles. (JP 3-02)
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JP 1-02 107

hygiene services — The provision of personal hygiene facilities and waste collection; and the 

cleaning, repair, replacement, and return of individual clothing and equipment items in a 

deployed environment. (JP 4-0)

hyperspectral imagery — Term used to describe the imagery derived from subdividing the 

electromagnetic spectrum into very narrow bandwidths allowing images useful in precise 

terrain or target analysis to be formed. Also called HSI. (JP 2-03)
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Intentionally Blank
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I

JP 1-02 109

identification — 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an 

unknown detected contact. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation 

is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. 3. In ground 

combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or

enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. 

(JP 3-01)

identification, friend or foe — A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a 

friendly. Also called IFF. See also air defense. (JP 3-52)

identification maneuver — A maneuver performed for identification purposes. (JP 3-52)

identity intelligence — The intelligence resulting from the processing of identity attributes 

concerning individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest. Also called I2. 

(JP 2-0)

imagery — A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object 

or activity, and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or representation 

was acquired, including: products produced by space-based national intelligence 

reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by satellites, airborne 

platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except that such term does 

not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on behalf of human 

intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03)

imagery exploitation — The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or 

manipulating imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for 

dissemination. (JP 2-03)

imagery intelligence — The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived 

through the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called 

IMINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-03)

immediate air support — Air support to meet specific requests which arise during the course 

of a battle and which by their nature cannot be planned in advance. (JP 3-09.3)

immediate decontamination — Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately 

upon becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of 

contamination. Also called emergency decontamination. See also contamination; 

decontamination. (JP 3-11)

immediate response — Any form of immediate action taken in the United States and 

territories to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in 

response to a request for assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious 

conditions when time does not permit approval from a higher authority. (JP 3-28)
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110 JP 1-02

immediate response authority — A Federal military commander’s, Department of Defense 

component head’s, and/or responsible Department of Defense civilian official’s authority 

temporarily to employ resources under their control, subject to any supplemental 

direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to save lives, 

prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a request for 

assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when time does 

not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. Immediate response 

authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the use of military power 

that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. (DODD 3025.18)

implementation — Procedures governing the mobilization of the force and the deployment, 

employment, and sustainment of military operations in response to execution orders 

issued by the Secretary of Defense. Also called IMP. (JP 5-0)

implied task — In the context of joint operation planning, a task derived during mission 

analysis that an organization must perform or prepare to perform to accomplish a 

specified task or the mission, but which is not stated in the higher headquarters order. 

See also essential task; specified task. (JP 5-0)

imprest fund — A cash fund of a fixed amount established through an advance of funds, 

without appropriation change, to an authorized imprest fund cashier to effect immediate 

cash payments of relatively small amounts for authorized purchases of supplies and 

nonpersonal services. (JP 1-0)

improvised explosive device — A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an 

unconventional manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or 

incendiary chemicals designed to kill, destroy, incapacitate, harass, deny mobility, or 

distract. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1)

inactive duty training — Authorized training performed by a member of a Reserve 

Component not on active duty or active duty for training and consisting of regularly 

scheduled unit training assemblies, additional training assemblies, periods of appropriate 

duty or equivalent training, and any special additional duties authorized for Reserve 

Component personnel by the Secretary concerned, and performed by them in connection 

with the prescribed activities of the organization in which they are assigned with or 

without pay. Also called IDT. See also active duty for training. (JP 1)

inactive status — Status of reserve members on an inactive status list of a Reserve 

Component or assigned to the Inactive Army National Guard. (JP 4-05)

incapacitating agent — A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions 

that can be physical or mental and persist for hours or days after exposure to the agent 

has ceased. (JP 3-11)
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JP 1-02 111

incident — An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural phenomena, that requires 

action to prevent or minimize loss of life, or damage, loss of, or other risks to property, 

information, and/or natural resources. See also information operations. (JP 3-28)

incident awareness and assessment — The Secretary of Defense approved use of 

Department of Defense intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other intelligence 

capabilities for domestic non-intelligence support for defense support of civil authorities. 

Also called IAA. (JP 3-28)

incident command system — A standardized on-scene emergency management construct 

designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents. Also called ICS. 

(JP 3-28)

incident management — A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, 

responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other 

emergencies. (JP 3-28)

incremental costs — Costs which are additional costs to the Service appropriations that

would not have been incurred absent support of the contingency operation. See also 

financial management. (JP 1-06)

indications — In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of 

which bear on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. 

(JP 2-0)

indicator — In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or 

capability of an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0)

indigenous populations and institutions — The societal framework of an operational 

environment including citizens, legal and illegal immigrants, dislocated civilians, and 

governmental, tribal, ethnic, religious, commercial, and private organizations and 

entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57)

individual mobilization augmentee — An individual reservist attending drills who receives 

training and is preassigned to an Active Component organization, a Selective Service 

System, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency billet that must be filled on, or 

shortly after, mobilization. Also called IMA. (JP 4-05)

individual protective equipment — In chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear 

operations, the personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from 

chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards. Also called 

IPE. (JP 3-11)

Individual Ready Reserve — A manpower pool consisting of individuals who have had some 

training or who have served previously in the Active Component or in the Selected 
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112 JP 1-02

Reserve, and may have some period of their military service obligation remaining. Also 

called IRR. See also Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05)

industrial mobilization — The transformation of industry from its peacetime activity to the 

industrial program necessary to support the national military objectives. See also

mobilization. (JP 4-05)

industrial preparedness — The state of preparedness of industry to produce essential 

materiel to support the national military objectives. (JP 4-05)

industrial preparedness program — Plans, actions, or measures for the transformation of 

the industrial base, both government-owned and civilian-owned, from its peacetime 

activity to the emergency program necessary to support the national military objectives. 

Also called IPP. (JP 4-05)

inertial navigation system — A self-contained navigation system using inertial detectors, 

which automatically provides vehicle position, heading, and velocity. Also called INS. 

(JP 3-09)

influence mine — A mine actuated by the effect of a target on some physical condition in 

the vicinity of the mine or on radiations emanating from the mine. See also mine. 

(JP 3-15)

influence sweep — A sweep designed to produce an influence similar to that produced by a 

ship and thus actuate mines. (JP 3-15)

information assurance — Actions that protect and defend information systems by ensuring 

availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. Also called 

IA. See also information operations. (JP 3-12)

information environment — The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that 

collect, process, disseminate, or act on information. (JP 3-13)

information management — The function of managing an organization’s information 

resources for the handling of data and information acquired by one or many different 

systems, individuals, and organizations in a way that optimizes access by all who have a 

share in that data or a right to that information. Also called IM. (JP 3-0)

information operations — The integrated employment, during military operations, of 

information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, 

disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries 

while protecting our own. Also called IO. See also electronic warfare; military 

deception; operations security; military information support operations. (JP 3-13)

information operations force — A force consisting of units, staff elements, individual 

military professionals in the Active and Reserve Components, and DOD civilian 
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JP 1-02 113

employees who conduct or directly support the integration of information-related 

capabilities against adversaries and potential adversaries during military operations as 

well as those who train these professionals. Also called IO force. (DODD 3600.01)

information operations intelligence integration — The integration of intelligence 

disciplines and analytic methods to characterize and forecast, identify vulnerabilities, 

determine effects, and assess the information environment. Also called IOII. (JP 3-13)

information-related capability — A tool, technique, or activity employed within a 

dimension of the information environment that can be used to create effects and 

operationally desirable conditions. Also called IRC. (JP 3-13)

information report — Report used to forward raw information collected to fulfill 

intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01)

information requirements — In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding the 

adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be 

collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. 

Also called IR. See also priority intelligence requirement. (JP 2-0)

information superiority — The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, 

process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or 

denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. See also information operations. 

(JP 3-13)

infrared imagery — That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic radiations 

emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared position of the 

electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns). (JP 2-03)

infrared pointer — A low power laser device operating in the near infrared light spectrum 

that is visible with light amplifying night vision devices. Also called IR pointer. 

(JP 3-09.3)

initial operational capability — The first attainment of the capability to employ effectively 

a weapon, item of equipment, or system of approved specific characteristics that is 

manned or operated by an adequately trained, equipped, and supported military unit or 

force. Also called IOC.

initial radiation — The radiation, essentially neutrons and gamma rays, resulting from a 

nuclear burst and emitted from the fireball within one minute after burst. See also

residual radiation. (JP 3-11)

initial reception point — In personnel recovery, a secure area or facility under friendly 

control where initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place. 

(JP 3-50)
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114 JP 1-02

initial response force — The first unit, usually military police, on the scene of a terrorist 

incident. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2)

initial unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore 

movement in which unloading is primarily tactical in character and must be instantly 

responsive to landing force requirements. See also general unloading period. 

(JP 3-02)

initiating directive — An order to a subordinate commander to conduct military operations 

as directed. Also called ID. (JP 3-18)

injury — 1. A term comprising such conditions as fractures, wounds, sprains, strains, 

dislocations, concussions, and compressions. 2. Conditions resulting from extremes of 

temperature or prolonged exposure. 3. Acute poisonings (except those due to 

contaminated food) resulting from exposure to a toxic or poisonous substance. See also 

casualty. (JP 4-02)

inland petroleum distribution system —A multi-product system consisting of both 

commercially available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be 

assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum 

distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an 

operational force with bulk fuels. The inland petroleum distribution system is comprised 

of three primary subsystems: tactical petroleum terminal, pipeline segments, and pump 

stations. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03)

inland search and rescue region — The inland areas of the continental United States, except 

waters under the jurisdiction of the United States. See also search and rescue region. 

(JP 3-50)

inner transport area — In amphibious operations, an area as close to the landing beach as 

depth of water, navigational hazards, boat traffic, and enemy action permit, to which 

transports may move to expedite unloading. See also outer transport area; transport 

area. (JP 3-02)

instrument approach procedure — A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly 

transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial 

approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually or the 

missed approach procedure is initiated. (JP 3-04)

instrument meteorological conditions — Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of 

visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling; less than minimums specified for visual 

meteorological conditions. Also called IMC. See also visual meteorological 

conditions. (JP 3-04)
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JP 1-02 115

instruments of national power — All of the means available to the government in its pursuit 

of national objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, informational and 

military. (JP 1)

in support of — Assisting or protecting another formation, unit, or organization while 

remaining under original control. (JP 1)

insurgency — The organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify, or challenge 

political control of a region. Insurgency can also refer to the group itself. (JP 3-24)

integrated air and missile defense — The integration of capabilities and overlapping 

operations to defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint 

force, and enable freedom of action by negating an adversary’s ability to create adverse 

effects from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01)

integrated consumable item support — A decision support system that takes time-phased 

force and deployment data (i.e., Department of Defense deployment plans) and calculates

the ability of the Defense Logistics Agency, the warehousing unit of the Department of 

Defense, to support those plans. Integrated consumable item support can calculate for 

the planned deployment supply/demand curves for over two million individual items

stocked by the Defense Logistics Agency in support of deployment. Also called ICIS. 

(JP 4-03)

Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation Network Convergence — The intransit visibility system of record providing expanded common integrated data and 

application services enabling a common logistics picture, distribution visibility, and 

materiel asset/in-transit visibility for distribution solutions. Also called IGC. (JP 4-09)

integrated materiel management — The exercise of total Department of Defense-level 

management responsibility for a federal supply group or class, commodity, or item for a 

single agency, which normally includes computation of requirements, funding, 

budgeting, storing, issuing, cataloging, standardizing, and procuring functions. Also 

called IMM. (JP 4-09)

integrated financial operations — The integration, synchronization, prioritization, and 

targeting of fiscal resources and capabilities across United States departments and 

agencies, multinational partners, and nongovernmental organizations against an 

adversary and in support of the population. Also called IFO. (JP 1-06)

integrated logistic support — A composite of all the support considerations necessary to 

assure the effective and economical support of a system for its life cycle. Also called

ILS. (JP 4-01.5)

integrated priority list — A list of a combatant commander’s highest priority requirements, 

prioritized across Service and functional lines, defining shortfalls in key programs that, 

in the judgment of the combatant commander, adversely affect the capability of the 
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116 JP 1-02

combatant commander’s forces to accomplish their assigned mission. Also called IPL. 

(JP 1-04)

integrated staff — A staff in which one officer only is appointed to each post on the 

establishment of the headquarters, irrespective of nationality and Service. See also

multinational staff; joint staff. (JP 3-16)

integration — 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational 

commander's force prior to mission execution. 2. The arrangement of military forces and 

their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. 3. In photography, a 

process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the time base may 

be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic images are 

combined into a single image. See also force protection. (JP 1)

intelligence — 1. The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, 

evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign 

nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential 

operations. 2. The activities that result in the product. 3. The organizations engaged in 

such activities. See also acoustic intelligence; all-source intelligence; 

communications intelligence; critical intelligence; domestic intelligence; electronic 

intelligence; foreign intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; 

general military intelligence; imagery intelligence; joint intelligence; measurement 

and signature intelligence; medical intelligence; national intelligence; open-source 

intelligence; operational intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence; strategic 

intelligence; tactical intelligence; target intelligence; technical intelligence; terrain 

intelligence. (JP 2-0)

intelligence annex — A supporting document of an operation plan or order that provides 

detailed information on the enemy situation, assignment of intelligence tasks, and 

intelligence administrative procedures. (JP 2-01)

intelligence asset — Any resource utilized by an intelligence organization for an operational 

support role. (JP 2-0)

intelligence community — All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned 

with intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory 

role. Also called IC. (JP 2-0)

intelligence database — The sum of holdings of intelligence data and finished intelligence 

products at a given organization. (JP 2-01)

intelligence discipline — A well-defined area of intelligence planning, collection, 

processing, exploitation, analysis, and reporting using a specific category of technical or 

human resources. See also counterintelligence; human intelligence; imagery 

intelligence; intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; open-source 

intelligence; signals intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-0)
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JP 1-02 117

intelligence estimate — The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available 

intelligence relating to a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the 

courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their 

adoption. (JP 2-0)

intelligence federation — A formal agreement in which a combatant command joint 

intelligence center receives preplanned intelligence support from other joint intelligence 

centers, Service intelligence organizations, reserve organizations, and national agencies 

during crisis or contingency operations. (JP 2-01)

intelligence information report — The primary vehicle used to provide human intelligence 

information to the consumer. It utilizes a message format structure that supports 

automated data entry into intelligence community databases. Also called IIR. 

(JP 2-01.2)

intelligence interrogation — The systematic process of using approved interrogation 

approaches to question a captured or detained person to obtain reliable information to 

satisfy intelligence requirements, consistent with applicable law. (JP 2-01.2)

intelligence mission management — A systematic process by a joint intelligence staff to 

proactively and continuously formulate and revise command intelligence requirements, 

and track the resulting information through the processing, exploitation, and 

dissemination process to satisfy user requirements. Also called IMM. (JP 2-01)

intelligence operations — The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are 

carried out by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence 

process. See also analysis and production; collection; dissemination and 

integration; evaluation and feedback; planning and direction; processing and 

exploitation. (JP 2-01)

intelligence planning — The intelligence component of the Adaptive Planning and 

Execution system, which coordinates and integrates all available Defense Intelligence 

Enterprise capabilities to meet combatant commander intelligence requirements. Also 

called IP. (JP 2-0)

intelligence preparation of the battlespace — The analytical methodologies employed by 

the Services or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning the 

enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Also called IPB. See also joint intelligence 

preparation of the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3)

intelligence process — The process by which information is converted into intelligence and 

made available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: 

planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, 

dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. See also analysis and 
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118 JP 1-02

production; collection; dissemination and integration; evaluation and feedback; 

intelligence; planning and direction; processing and exploitation. (JP 2-01)

intelligence production — The integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of 

information from single or multiple sources into finished intelligence for known or 

anticipated military and related national security consumer requirements. (JP 2-0)

intelligence-related activities — Those activities outside the consolidated defense 

intelligence program that: respond to operational commanders’ tasking for time-sensitive 

information on foreign entities; respond to national intelligence community tasking of 

systems whose primary mission is support to operating forces; train personnel for 

intelligence duties; provide an intelligence reserve; or are devoted to research and 

development of intelligence or related capabilities. (Specifically excluded are programs 

that are so closely integrated with a weapon system that their primary function is to 

provide immediate-use targeting data.) (JP 2-01)

intelligence report — A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at any 

level of command in tactical operations and disseminated as rapidly as possible in 

keeping with the timeliness of the information. Also called INTREP. (JP 2-01)

intelligence reporting — The preparation and conveyance of information by any means. 

More commonly, the term is restricted to reports as they are prepared by the collector 

and as they are transmitted by the collector to the latter’s headquarters and by this 

component of the intelligence structure to one or more intelligence-producing 

components. Thus, even in this limited sense, reporting embraces both collection and 

dissemination. The term is applied to normal and specialist intelligence reports. 

(JP 2-01.2)

intelligence requirement — 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need 

for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence. 2. A requirement for 

intelligence to fill a gap in the command’s knowledge or understanding of the operational 

environment or threat forces. Also called IR. See also intelligence; priority 

intelligence requirement. (JP 2-0)

intelligence source — The means or system that can be used to observe and record 

information relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted location, 

organization, or individual. See also intelligence; source. (JP 2-0)

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance — An activity that synchronizes and 

integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, and 

dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an 

integrated intelligence and operations function. Also called ISR. See also intelligence; 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization; reconnaissance; 

surveillance. (JP 2-01)
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JP 1-02 119

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization — The capability to 

graphically display the current and future locations of intelligence, surveillance, and 

reconnaissance sensors, their projected platform tracks, vulnerability to threat 

capabilities and meteorological and oceanographic phenomena, fields of regard, tasked 

collection targets, and products to provide a basis for dynamic retasking and timesensitive decision making. Also called ISR visualization. See also intelligence; 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; reconnaissance; surveillance. 

(JP 2-01)

intelligence system — Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain 

and process the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to decision 

makers as a basis for action. (JP 2-01)

interagency — Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments, 

including the Department of Defense. See also interagency coordination. (JP 3-08)

interagency coordination — Within the context of Department of Defense involvement, the 

coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense, and engaged US 

Government agencies and departments for the purpose of achieving an objective. 

(JP 3-0)

intercontinental ballistic missile — A land-based, long-range ballistic missile with a range 

capability greater than 3,000 nautical miles. Also called ICBM. (JP 3-01)

interdiction — 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s military surface 

capability before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve 

objectives. 2. In support of law enforcement, activities conducted to divert, disrupt, 

delay, intercept, board, detain, or destroy, under lawful authority, vessels, vehicles, 

aircraft, people, cargo, and money. See also air interdiction. (JP 3-03)

intergovernmental organization — An organization created by a formal agreement between 

two or more governments on a global, regional, or functional basis to protect and promote 

national interests shared by member states. Also called IGO. (JP 3-08)

intermediate-range ballistic missile — A land-based ballistic missile with a range capability 

from 1,500 to 3,000 nautical miles. Also called IRBM. (JP 3-01)

intermediate staging base — A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, 

sustainment and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. See 

also base; staging base. (JP 3-35)

intermodal — Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, 

highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National 

Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment. (JP 4-09)
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120 JP 1-02

internal audience — US military members and Department of Defense civilian employees 

and their immediate families. See also external audience. (JP 3-61)

internal defense and development — The full range of measures taken by a nation to 

promote its growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency,

terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called IDAD. See also foreign internal 

defense. (JP 3-22)

internal information — See command information.

internally displaced person — Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to leave 

their home or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid 

the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human 

rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally 

recognized state border. Also called IDP. (JP 3-29)

internal security — The state of law and order prevailing within a nation. (JP 3-08)

International Convention for Safe Containers — A convention held in Geneva, 

Switzerland, on 2 Dec 1972, which resulted in setting standard safety requirements for 

containers moving in international transport. These requirements were ratified by the 

United States on 3 January 1978. Also called CSC. (JP 4-09)

international military education and training — Formal or informal instruction provided 

to foreign military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by 

offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors. 

Instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or informational 

publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. See also United States 

Military Service funded foreign training. (JP 3-22)

interoperability — 1. The ability to operate in synergy in the execution of assigned tasks. 

(JP 3-0) 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or items 

of communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be 

exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. (JP 6-0)

interorganizational coordination — The interaction that occurs among elements of the 

Department of Defense; engaged United States Government agencies; state, territorial, 

local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; 

intergovernmental organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private sector. 

(JP 3-08)

interpretation — A part of the analysis and production phase in the intelligence process in 

which the significance of information is judged in relation to the current body of 

knowledge. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)
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JP 1-02 121

interrogation — Systematic effort to procure information by direct questioning of a person 

under the control of the questioner. (JP 2-01.2)

inter-Service support — Action by one Service or element thereof to provide logistics and/or 

administrative support to another Service or element thereof. See also support. 

(JP 4-0)

intertheater airlift — The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United 

States and to other theaters as well as the airlift within the continental United States. See 

also intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) 

intertheater patient movement — Moving patients between, into, and out of the different 

theaters of the geographic combatant commands and into the continental United States 

or another supporting theater. See also en route care; evacuation; intratheater patient 

movement. (JP 4-02)

in-transit visibility — The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of 

Defense units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and 

passengers; patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination across 

the range of military operations. Also called ITV. (JP 4-01.2)

intratheater airlift — Airlift conducted within a theater with assets assigned to a geographic 

combatant commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander. See also 

intertheater airlift. (JP 3-17) 

intratheater patient movement — Moving patients within the theater of a combatant 

command or in the continental United States. See also en route care; evacuation; 

intertheater patient movement. (JP 4-02)

inventory control — That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging, 

requirements determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of 

materiel. Also called inventory management; materiel control; materiel 

management; supply management. (JP 4-09)

inventory control point — An organizational unit or activity within a Department of Defense 

supply system that is assigned the primary responsibility for the materiel inventory 

management of a group of items either for a particular Service or for the Defense 

Department as a whole. Also called ICP. (JP 4-09)

ionizing radiation — Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and 

gamma) radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. 

(JP 3-11)

irregular warfare — A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and 

influence over the relevant population(s). Also called IW. (JP 1)
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122 JP 1-02

isolated personnel — US military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor personnel 

(and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are separated from 

their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a US sponsored military 

activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they must survive, evade, 

resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search and rescue. (JP 3-50)

isolated personnel report — A Department of Defense Form (DD 1833) containing 

information designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated 

person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. See also authentication; evader; 

recovery force. (JP 3-50)

item manager — An individual within the organization of an inventory control point or other 

such organization assigned management responsibility for one or more specific items of 

materiel. (JP 4-09)
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J

JP 1-02 123

J-2X — The staff element of the intelligence directorate of a joint staff that combines and 

represents the principal authority for counterintelligence and human intelligence support. 

See also counterintelligence; human intelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

joint — Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more 

Military Departments participate. (JP 1)

joint air attack team — A combination of attack and/or scout rotary-wing aircraft and fixedwing close air support aircraft operating together to locate and attack high priority targets 

and other targets of opportunity. Also called JAAT. See also close air support. 

(JP 3-09.3)

joint air component coordination element — A general term for the liaison element that 

serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint 

air operations. Also called JACCE. (JP 3-30)

joint air-ground integration center — A staff organization designed to enhance joint 

collaborative efforts to deconflict joint air-ground assets in the division’s airspace. Also 

called JAGIC. (JP 3-09.3)

joint air operations — Air operations performed with air capabilities/forces made available 

by components in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign 

objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force. (JP 3-30)

joint air operations center — A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, 

and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander’s operation or 

campaign objectives. Also called JAOC. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30)

joint air operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint air operations to achieve 

the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and joint operational area. 

Also called JAOP. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30)

joint base — In base defense operations, a locality from which operations of two or more of 

the Military Departments are projected or supported and which is manned by significant 

elements of two or more Military Departments or in which significant elements of two 

or more Military Departments are located. See also base. (JP 3-10)

joint captured materiel exploitation center — An element responsible for deriving 

intelligence information from captured enemy materiel. It is normally subordinate to the 

intelligence directorate of a joint staff. Also called JCMEC. (JP 2-01)

joint civil-military operations task force — A joint task force composed of civil-military 

operations units from more than one Service. Also called JCMOTF. See also civilmilitary operations; joint task force. (JP 3-57)
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124 JP 1-02

joint combined exchange training — A program conducted overseas to fulfill United States

forces training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between 

United States forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05)

joint communications network — The aggregation of the joint multichannel trunking and 

switching system and the joint command and control communications system(s) in a 

theater. Also called JCN. (JP 6-0)

joint concept — Links strategic guidance to the development and employment of future joint 

force capabilities and serve as “engines for transformation” that may ultimately lead to 

doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel and 

facilities (DOTMLPF) and policy changes. (CJCSI 3010.02)

joint contracting support board — A board established to coordinate all contracting support 

and to determine specific contracting mechanisms to obtain commercially procured 

common logistic supplies and services within the operational area. Also called JCSB. 

See also combatant commander logistic procurement support board; joint 

requirements review board. (JP 4-10)

joint counterintelligence unit — An organization composed of Service and Department of 

Defense agency counterintelligence personnel, formed under the authority of the 

Secretary of Defense and assigned to a combatant commander, which focuses on 

combatant command strategic and operational counterintelligence missions. Also called 

JCIU. (JP 2-01.2)

joint data network operations officer — The joint task force operations directorate officer 

responsible to the commander for integrating data from supporting components into a 

common database used to generate the common tactical picture. Also called JDNO. 

(JP 3-01)

joint deployable intelligence support system — A transportable workstation and 

communications suite that electronically extends a joint intelligence center to a joint task 

force or other tactical user. Also called JDISS. (JP 2-0)

joint deployment and distribution enterprise — The complex of equipment, procedures, 

doctrine, leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, organizations, 

facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution operations. Also 

called JDDE. (JP 4-0)

joint deployment and distribution operations center — A combatant command movement 

control organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and theater 

multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment, Also called 

JDDOC. (JP 4-09)
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JP 1-02 125

joint desired point of impact — A unique, alpha-numeric coded precise aimpoint associated 

with a target to achieve an explicit weaponeering objective, and identified by a three 

dimensional (latitude, longitude, elevation) mensurated coordinate. Also called a JDPI. 

See also aimpoint; desired point of impact. (JP 3-60)

joint distribution — The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the joint 

logistic system using the Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise for end-to-end 

movement of forces and materiel from point of origin to the designated point of need. 

(JP 4-09) 

joint doctrine — Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States military 

forces in coordinated action toward a common objective and may include terms, tactics, 

techniques, and procedures. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; doctrine; joint 

publication; joint test publication; multinational doctrine. (CJCSI 5120.02)

joint doctrine development community — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the 

Services, the combatant commands, the Joint Staff, the combat support agencies, the doctrine 

development agencies of the Services and the joint community, the National Defense 

University, the United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, the 

National Guard Bureau, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff controlled activities. Also 

called JDDC. (CJCSI 5120.02)

Joint Doctrine Development System — The system of lead agents, Joint Staff doctrine 

sponsors, primary review authorities, coordinating review authorities, technical review 

authorities, assessment agents, evaluation agents, Joint Doctrine Planning Conferences, 

procedures, and the hierarchical framework designed to initiate, develop, approve, and 

maintain joint publications. Also called JDDS. (CJCSI 5120.02)

Joint Doctrine Planning Conference — A forum convened by the Joint Staff Directorate 

for Joint Force Development that meets semiannually to address and vote on project 

proposals; discuss key joint doctrinal and operational issues; discuss potential changes to 

the joint doctrine development process; keep up to date on the status of the joint 

publication projects and emerging publications; and keep abreast of other initiatives of 

interest to the members. Also called JDPC. (CJCSM 5120.01)

joint document exploitation center — An element, normally subordinate to the intelligence 

directorate of a joint staff, responsible for deriving intelligence information from 

captured adversary documents including all forms of electronic data and other forms of 

stored textual and graphic information. Also called JDEC. See also intelligence. 

(JP 2-01)

joint duty assignment — An assignment to a designated position in a multi-Service, joint or 

multinational command or activity that is involved in the integrated employment or 

support of the land, sea, and air forces of at least two of the three Military Departments. 

Such involvement includes, but is not limited to, matters relating to national military 

strategy, joint doctrine and policy, strategic planning, contingency planning, and 
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126 JP 1-02

command and control of combat operations under a unified or specified command. Also 

called JDA.

Joint Duty Assignment List — Positions designated as joint duty assignments are reflected

in a list approved by the Secretary of Defense and maintained by the Joint Staff. The 

Joint Duty Assignment List is reflected in the Joint Duty Assignment Management 

Information System. Also called JDAL.

joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations — Those interrelated functions 

of frequency management, host nation coordination, and joint spectrum interference 

resolution that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations 

within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military 

operations. Also called JEMSMO. (JP 6-01)

joint electromagnetic spectrum operations — Those activities consisting of electronic 

warfare and joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations used to exploit, 

attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic operational environment to achieve the 

commander’s objectives. Also called JEMSO. (JP 6-01)

joint engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which 

multiple air defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously 

employed to engage air threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01)

joint facilities utilization board — A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component 

requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-Service support, and construction 

to ensure compliance with Joint Civil-Military Engineering Board priorities. Also called 

JFUB. (JP 3-34)

joint field office — A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident 

site to provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, 

nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for 

incident oversight, direction, or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, 

prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28)

joint fires — Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components 

in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. See 

also fires. (JP 3-0)

joint fires element — An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the 

operations directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called 

JFE. See also fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-60)

joint fires observer — A trained Service member who can request, adjust, and control 

surface-to-surface fires, provide targeting information in support of Type 2 and 3 close 

air support terminal attack control, and perform autonomous terminal guidance 

operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3)
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JP 1-02 127

joint fire support — Joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces 

to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. See also 

fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-0)

joint flow and analysis system for transportation — System that determines the 

transportation feasibility of a course of action or operation plan; provides daily lift assets 

needed to move forces and resupply; advises logistic planners of channel and port 

inefficiencies; and interprets shortfalls from various flow possibilities. Also called 

JFAST. See also course of action; operation plan; system. (JP 3-35)

joint force — A general term applied to a force composed of significant elements, assigned 

or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force 

commander. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0)

joint force air component commander — The commander within a unified command, 

subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing 

commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or 

made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or 

accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. See 

also joint force commander. (JP 3-0)

joint force chaplain — The military chaplain designated by the joint force commander to 

serve as the senior chaplain for the joint force. Also called the JFCH. (JP 1-05)

joint force commander — A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified 

commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command 

(command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See 

also joint force. (JP 1)

joint force land component commander — The commander within a unified command, 

subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing 

commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or 

made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or 

accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. See 

also joint force commander. (JP 3-0)

joint force maritime component commander — The commander within a unified 

command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the 

establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, 

attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and 

coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be 

assigned. Also called JFMCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0)

joint force special operations component commander — The commander within a unified 

command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the 
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128 JP 1-02

establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, 

attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; planning 

and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may 

be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0)

joint force surgeon — A general term applied to a Department of Defense medical 

department officer appointed by the joint force commander to serve as the joint force 

special staff officer responsible for establishing, monitoring, or evaluating joint force 

health service support. Also called JFS. See also health service support; joint force. 

(JP 4-02)

joint functions — Related capabilities and activities placed into six basic groups of command 

and control, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, and sustainment to 

help joint force commanders synchronize, integrate, and direct joint operations. (JP 3-0)

joint individual augmentee — An unfunded temporary duty position (or member filling an 

unfunded temporary duty position) identified on a joint manning document by a 

supported combatant commander to augment headquarters operations during 

contingencies. Also called JIA. (JP 4-05)

joint integrated prioritized target list — A prioritized list of targets approved and 

maintained by the joint force commander. Also called JIPTL. See also target. 

(JP 3-60)

joint intelligence — Intelligence produced by elements of more than one Service of the same 

nation. (JP 2-0)

joint intelligence architecture — A dynamic, flexible structure that consists of the Defense 

Joint Intelligence Operations Center, combatant command joint intelligence operations 

centers, and subordinate joint task force intelligence operations centers or joint 

intelligence support elements to provide national, theater, and tactical commanders with 

the full range of intelligence required for planning and conducting operations. See also

intelligence. (JP 2-0)

joint intelligence operations center — An interdependent, operational intelligence 

organization at the Department of Defense, combatant command, or joint task force (if 

established) level, that is integrated with national intelligence centers, and capable of 

accessing all sources of intelligence impacting military operations planning, execution, 

and assessment. Also called JIOC. (JP 2-0)

joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment — The analytical process 

used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other 

intelligence products in support of the joint force commander’s decision-making process. 

Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3)
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JP 1-02 129

joint intelligence support element — A subordinate joint force element whose focus is on 

intelligence support for joint operations, providing the joint force commander, joint staff, 

and components with the complete air, space, ground, and maritime adversary situation. 

Also called JISE. See also intelligence; joint force; joint operations. (JP 2-01)

joint interagency coordination group — A staff group that establishes regular, timely, and 

collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners. 

Also called JIACG. (JP 3-08)

joint interface control officer — The senior interface control officer for multi-tactical data 

link networks in the joint force who is responsible for development and validation of the 

architecture, joint interoperability and management of the multi-tactical data link 

networks, and overseeing operations of a joint interface control cell. Also called JICO. 

(JP 3-01)

joint interrogation and debriefing center — Physical location for the exploitation of 

intelligence information from detainees and other sources. Also called JIDC. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

joint interrogation operations — 1. Activities conducted by a joint or interagency 

organization to extract information for intelligence purposes from enemy prisoners of 

war, dislocated civilians, enemy combatants, or other uncategorized detainees. 2. 

Activities conducted in support of law enforcement efforts to adjudicate enemy 

combatants who are believed to have committed crimes against US persons or property. 

Also called JIO. See also enemy combatant. (JP 2-01)

joint land operations — Land operations performed across the range of military operations 

with land forces made available by Service components in support of the joint force 

commander’s operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of the 

joint force. (JP 3-31)

joint land operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint land operations to achieve 

the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and operational area. 

(JP 3-31)

joint logistics — The coordinated use, synchronization, and sharing of two or more Military 

Departments’ logistic resources to support the joint force. See also logistics. (JP 4-0)

joint logistics enterprise — A multi-tiered matrix of key global logistics providers 

cooperatively engaged or structured to achieve a common purpose without jeopardizing 

the integrity of their own organizational missions and goals. Also called JLEnt. 

(JP 4-0)

Joint Logistics Operations Center — The Joint Logistics Operations Center is the current 

operations division within the Logistics Directorate of the Joint Staff, which monitors 
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130 JP 1-02

crises, exercises, and interagency actions and works acquisition and cross-servicing 

agreements as well as international logistics. Also called JLOC. See also logistics. 

(JP 4-01)

joint logistics over-the-shore commander — The commander selected by the joint force 

commander and tasked to organize the efforts of all elements participating in 

accomplishing the joint logistics over-the-shore mission. See also joint logistics overthe-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6)

joint logistics over-the-shore operations — Operations in which Navy and Army logistics 

over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint 

force commander. Also called JLOTS operations. See also joint logistics; logistics 

over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6)

joint manpower program — The policy, processes, and systems used in determination and 

prioritization within and among joint Service manpower requirements. Also called JMP. 

(JP 1-0)

joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination cell — A subset of a joint 

meteorological and oceanographic coordination organization, which is delegated the 

responsibility of executing the coordination of meteorological and oceanographic 

support operations in the operational area. Also called JMCC. (JP 3-59)

joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination organization — A Service 

meteorological and oceanographic organization that is designated within the operations 

order as the lead organization responsible for coordinating meteorological and 

oceanographic operations support in the operational area. Also called JMCO. (JP 3-59)

joint meteorological and oceanographic officer — Officer designated to provide direct 

meteorological and oceanographic support to a joint force commander. Also called 

JMO. (JP 3-59)

joint mission-essential task — A mission task selected by a joint force commander deemed 

essential to mission accomplishment and defined using the common language of the 

Universal Joint Task List in terms of task, condition, and standard. Also called JMET. 

See also condition, universal joint task list. (JP 3-33)

joint mortuary affairs office — Plans and executes all mortuary affairs programs within a 

theater. Provides guidance to facilitate the conduct of all mortuary programs and to 

maintain data (as required) pertaining to recovery, identification, and disposition of all 

US dead and missing in the assigned theater. Serves as the central clearing point for all 

mortuary affairs and monitors the deceased and missing personal effects program. Also 

called JMAO. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. (JP 4-06)
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JP 1-02 131

joint network operations control center — An element of the communications system 

directorate of a joint staff established as the single control agency for the management 

and direction of the joint force communications systems. Also called JNCC. (JP 6-0)

joint operation planning — Planning activities associated with joint military operations by 

combatant commanders and their subordinate joint force commanders in response to 

contingencies and crises. See also execution planning; Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System; joint operation planning process. (JP 5-0)

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System — An Adaptive Planning and Execution 

system technology. Also called JOPES. See also joint operation planning; joint 

operations; level of detail. (JP 5-0)

joint operation planning process — An orderly, analytical process that consists of a logical 

set of steps to analyze a mission, select the best course of action, and produce a joint 

operation plan or order. Also called JOPP. See also joint operation planning; Joint 

Operation Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0)

joint operations — A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint forces and 

those Service forces employed in specified command relationships with each other, 

which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0)

joint operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic 

combatant commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force 

commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to 

accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. See also area of responsibility; joint 

special operations area. (JP 3-0)

joint operations area forecast — The official baseline meteorological and oceanographic 

forecast for operational planning and mission execution within the joint operations area. 

Also called JOAF. (JP 3-59)

joint operations center — A jointly manned facility of a joint force commander’s 

headquarters established for planning, monitoring, and guiding the execution of the 

commander’s decisions. Also called JOC. (JP 3-41)

joint patient movement requirements center — A joint activity established to coordinate 

the joint patient movement requirements function for a joint task force operating within 

a unified command area of responsibility. Also called JPMRC. See also health service 

support; joint force surgeon; joint operations area; medical treatment facility. 

(JP 4-02)

joint patient movement team — Teams comprised of personnel trained in medical 

regulating and movement procedures. Also called JPMT. (JP 4-02)
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132 JP 1-02

joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting — A data repository 

developed and implemented by the Defense Manpower Data Center that consumes and 

reconciles data from existing Service deployment systems. Also called JPARR. 

(JP 1-0)

joint personnel reception center — A center established in an operational area by the 

appropriate joint force commander with the responsibility for the in-processing and outprocessing of personnel upon their arrival in and departure from the theater. Also called

JPRC. (JP 1-0)

joint personnel recovery center — The primary joint force organization responsible for 

planning and coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the assigned 

operational area. Also called JPRC. See also combat search and rescue; search and 

rescue. (JP 3-50)

joint personnel recovery support product — The basic reference document for personnel 

recovery-specific information on a particular country or region of interest. Also called 

JPRSP. (JP 3-50)

joint personnel training and tracking activity — The continental United States center 

established to facilitate the reception, accountability, processing, training, and onward 

movement of individual augmentees preparing for overseas movement to support a joint 

military operation. Also called JPTTA. (JP 1-0)

joint planning and execution community — Those headquarters, commands, and agencies 

involved in the training, preparation, mobilization, deployment, employment, support, 

sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization of military forces assigned or committed 

to a joint operation. Also called JPEC. (JP 5-0)

joint planning group — A planning organization consisting of designated representatives of 

the joint force headquarters principal and special staff sections, joint force components 

(Service and/or functional), and other supporting organizations or agencies as deemed 

necessary by the joint force commander. Also called JPG. See also crisis action 

planning; joint operation planning. (JP 5-0)

joint proponent — A Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate assigned 

coordinating authority to lead the collaborative development and integration of joint 

capability with specific responsibilities designated by the Secretary of Defense. 

(SecDef Memo 03748-09)

Joint Public Affairs Support Element — A deployable unit assigned to assist a joint force 

commander in developing and training public affairs forces in joint, interagency, and 

multinational environments. Also called JPASE. (JP 3-61)

joint publication — A compilation of agreed to fundamental principles, considerations, and 

guidance on a particular topic, approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that 

guides the employment of a joint force toward a common objective. Also called JP. See 
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JP 1-02 133

also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 

of Staff manual; joint doctrine; joint test publication. (CJCSI 5120.02)

joint reception coordination center — The organization, established by the Department of 

the Army as the designated Department of Defense executive agent for the repatriation 

of noncombatants, that ensures Department of Defense personnel and noncombatants 

receive adequate assistance and support for an orderly and expedient debarkation, 

movement to final destination in the United States, and appropriate follow-on assistance 

at the final destination. Also called JRCC. (JP 3-68)

joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration — A phase of joint force 

projection occurring in the operational area during which arriving personnel, equipment, 

and materiel transition into forces capable of meeting operational requirements. Also 

called JRSOI. See also integration; joint force; reception; staging. (JP 3-35)

joint requirements review board — The joint task force or subunified commander’s 

established board to review, validate, approve, and prioritize selected Service component 

contract support requests. Also called JRRB. See also combatant commander logistic 

procurement support board; joint contracting support board. (JP 4-10)

joint restricted frequency list — A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO, 

PROTECTED, and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the 

minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. 

Also called JRFL. See also electronic warfare; guarded frequencies; protected 

frequencies; TABOO frequencies. (JP 3-13.1)

joint security area — A specific surface area, designated by the joint force commander to 

facilitate protection of joint bases and their connecting lines of communications that 

support joint operations. Also called JSA. (JP 3-10)

joint security coordination center — A joint operations center tailored to assist the joint 

security coordinator in meeting the security requirements in the joint operational area. 

Also called JSCC. (JP 3-10)

joint security coordinator — The officer with responsibility for coordinating the overall 

security of the operational area in accordance with joint force commander directives and 

priorities. Also called JSC. (JP 3-10)

joint servicing — That function performed by a jointly staffed and financed activity in 

support of two or more Services. (JP 3-05)

joint special operations air component commander — The commander within a joint force 

special operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special 

operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05)
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134 JP 1-02

joint special operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force 

commander to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special 

operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0)

joint special operations task force — A joint task force composed of special operations units 

from more than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or prosecute 

special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also called

JSOTF. (JP 3-05)

joint staff — 1. The staff of a commander of a unified or specified command, subordinate 

unified command, joint task force, or subordinate functional component (when a 

functional component command will employ forces from more than one Military 

Department), that includes members from the several Services comprising the force. 2. 

(capitalized as Joint Staff) The staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that 

assists the Chairman and the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in carrying out 

their responsibilities. Also called JS. (JP 1)

Joint Staff doctrine sponsor — A Joint Staff directorate assigned to coordinate a joint 

doctrine project with the Joint Staff. Also called JSDS. See also joint doctrine. 

(CJCSM 5120.01)

Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan — A plan that provides guidance to the combatant 

commanders and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to accomplish tasks and missions based on 

current military capabilities. Also called JSCP. See also combatant commander; 

joint. (JP 5-0)

joint strategic exploitation center — Theater-level physical location for an exploitation 

facility that functions under the direction of the joint force commander and is used to 

hold detainees with potential long-term strategic intelligence value, deemed to be of 

interest to counterintelligence or criminal investigators, or who may be a significant 

threat to the United States, its citizens or interests, or US allies. Also called JSEC. 

(JP 2-01.2)

Joint Strategic Planning System — One of the primary means by which the Chairman of 

the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff and the combatant commanders, carries out the statutory responsibilities to assist 

the President and Secretary of Defense in providing strategic direction to the Armed 

Forces. Also called JSPS. (JP 5-0)

joint table of distribution — A manpower document that identifies the positions and 

enumerates the spaces that have been approved for each organizational element of a joint 

activity for a specific fiscal year (authorization year), and those accepted for the four 

subsequent fiscal years (program years). Also called JTD. See also joint manpower 

program. (JP 1-0)
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JP 1-02 135

joint targeting coordination board — A group formed by the joint force commander to 

accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may include but are not limited to 

coordinating targeting information, providing targeting guidance, synchronization, and 

priorities, and refining the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called JTCB. See 

also joint integrated prioritized target list; targeting. (JP 3-60)

joint target list — A consolidated list of selected targets, upon which there are no restrictions 

placed, considered to have military significance in the joint force commander’s 

operational area. Also called JTL. See also joint; target. (JP 3-60)

joint task force — A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of 

Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task 

force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1)

Joint Task Force-Civil Support — A standing joint task force established to plan and 

integrate Department of Defense support to the designated lead federal agency for 

domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives 

consequence management operations. Also called JTF-CS. (JP 3-41)

joint terminal attack controller — A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a 

forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and 

other offensive air operations. Also called JTAC. See also terminal attack control. 

(JP 3-09.3)

joint test publication — A proposed publication produced for field-testing an emergent 

concept that has been validated through the Joint Experimentation Program or a similar 

joint process. Also called JTP. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

instruction; joint doctrine; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01)

Joint Transportation Board — Responsible to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the 

Joint Transportation Board assures that common-user transportation resources assigned 

or available to the Department of Defense are allocated to achieve maximum benefit in 

meeting Department of Defense objectives. Also called JTB. See also common-user 

transportation. (JP 4-01)

joint urban operations — Joint operations planned and conducted on, or against objectives 

within a topographical complex and its adjacent natural terrain, where man-made 

construction or the density of population are the dominant features. Also called JUOs. 

See also joint operations. (JP 3-06)

Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System — The sensitive compartmented 

information portion of the Defense Information Systems Network, which incorporates 

advanced networking technologies that permit point-to-point or multipoint information 

exchange involving voice, text, graphics, data, and video teleconferencing. Also called

JWICS. (JP 2-0)
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136 JP 1-02

judge advocate — An officer of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the Army, Air Force, 

Marine Corps, Navy, and the United States Coast Guard who is designated as a judge 

advocate. Also called JA. (JP 1-04)

jumpmaster — The assigned airborne qualified individual who controls paratroops from the 

time they enter the aircraft until they exit. (JP 3-17)
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JP 1-02 137

key position — A civilian position, public or private (designated by the employer and 

approved by the Secretary concerned), that cannot be vacated during war or national 

emergency. (JP 1-0)

keystone publications — Joint doctrine publications that establish the doctrinal foundation 

for a series of joint publications in the hierarchy of joint publications. See also capstone 

publications; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01)

key terrain — Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked 

advantage to either combatant. (JP 2-01.3)

kill box — A three-dimensional permissive fire support coordination measure with an 

associated airspace coordinating measure used to facilitate the integration of fires. 

(JP 3-09)
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138 JP 1-02

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JP 1-02 139

land control operations — The employment of land forces, supported by maritime and air 

forces (as appropriate) to control vital land areas. See also sea control operations. 

(JP 3-31)

land domain — The area of the Earth’s surface ending at the high water mark and 

overlapping with the maritime domain in the landward segment of the littorals. 

(JP 3-31)

land forces — Personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, and support elements operating on land 

to accomplish assigned missions and tasks. (JP 3-31)

landing aid — Any illuminating light, radio beacon, radar device, communicating device, or 

any system of such devices for aiding aircraft in an approach and landing. (JP 3-04)

landing area — 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing 

operations of an amphibious force. 2. In airborne operations, the general area used for 

landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. 3. Any specially prepared 

or selected surface of land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of 

aircraft. See also airfield; amphibious force; landing beach; landing force. (JP 3-02)

landing area diagram — A graphic means of showing, for amphibious operations, the beach 

designations, boat lanes, organization of the line of departure, scheduled waves, landing 

ship area, transport areas, and the fire support areas in the immediate vicinity of the boat 

lanes. (JP 3-02)

landing beach — That portion of a shoreline required for the landing of an amphibious force. 

(JP 3-02)

landing craft — A craft employed in amphibious operations, specifically designed for 

carrying troops and their equipment and for beaching, unloading, retracting, and resupply 

operations. (JP 3-02)

landing craft and amphibious vehicle assignment table — A table showing the assignment 

of personnel and materiel to each landing craft and amphibious vehicle and the 

assignment of the landing craft and amphibious vehicles to waves for the ship-to-shore 

movement. (JP 3-02)

landing craft availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of landing craft that 

will be available from each ship of the transport group. (JP 3-02)

landing diagram — A graphic means of illustrating the plan for the ship-to-shore movement. 

(JP 3-02)
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140 JP 1-02

landing force — A Marine Corps or Army task organization, which is part of the amphibious 

force, formed to conduct amphibious operations. Also called LF. See also amphibious 

force; amphibious operation; amphibious task force; task organization. (JP 3-02)

landing force operational reserve material — Package of contingency supplies prepositioned and maintained onboard selected amphibious warfare ships to enhance 

reaction time and provide support for the embarked landing force in contingencies. Also 

called LFORM. (JP 3-02.1)

landing force support party — A temporary landing force organization composed of Navy 

and landing force elements, that facilitates the ship-to-shore movement and provides 

initial combat support and combat service support to the landing force. Also called 

LFSP. See also combat service support; combat support; landing force; ship-toshore movement. (JP 3-02)

landing group — In amphibious operations, a subordinate task organization of the landing 

force capable of conducting landing operations, under a single tactical command, against 

a position or group of positions. (JP 3-02)

landing plan — In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually 

prepared naval and landing force documents that, taken together, present in detail all 

instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02)

landing sequence table — A document that incorporates the detailed plans for ship-to-shore 

movement of nonscheduled units. (JP 3-02)

landing signalman enlisted — Enlisted man responsible for ensuring that 

helicopters/tiltrotor aircraft, on signal, are safely started, engaged, launched, recovered, 

and shut down. Also called LSE. (JP 3-04)

landing signals officer — Officer responsible for the visual control of aircraft in the terminal 

phase of the approach immediately prior to landing. Also called LSO. See also terminal 

phase. (JP 3-04)

landing site — 1. A site within a landing zone containing one or more landing points. See 

also airfield. 2. In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over which 

troops, equipment and supplies can be landed by surface means. (JP 3-02)

landing zone — Any specified zone used for the landing of aircraft. Also called LZ. See 

also airfield. (JP 3-17) 

laser-guided weapon — A weapon that uses a seeker to detect laser energy reflected from a 

laser marked/designated target and through signal processing provides guidance 

commands to a control system, which guides the weapon to the point from which the 

laser energy is being reflected. Also called LGW. (JP 3-09)
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JP 1-02 141

laser rangefinder — A device that uses laser energy for determining the distance from the 

device to a place or object. (JP 3-09)

laser seeker — A device based on a direction-sensitive receiver that detects the energy 

reflected from a laser designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to 

the receiver. See also laser-guided weapon. (JP 3-09.3)

laser spot — The area on a surface illuminated by a laser. See also spot. (JP 3-09)

laser spot tracker — A device that locks on to the reflected energy from a laser-marked or 

designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to itself. Also called 

LST. (JP 3-09)

laser target designator — A device that emits a beam of laser energy which is used to mark 

a specific place or object. Also called LTD. See also target. (JP 3-09)

latest arrival date — A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported combatant 

commander as the latest date when a unit, a resupply shipment, or replacement personnel 

can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of operations. Also called 

LAD. (JP 5-0)

law enforcement agency — Any of a number of agencies (outside the Department of 

Defense) chartered and empowered to enforce US laws in the United States, a state or 

territory (or political subdivision) of the United States, a federally recognized Native 

American tribe or Alaskan Native Village, or within the borders of a host nation. Also 

called LEA. (JP 3-28)

law of armed conflict — See law of war. (JP 1-04)

law of war — That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. 

Also called the law of armed conflict. See also rules of engagement. (JP 1-04)

lead — In intelligence usage, a person with potential for exploitation, warranting additional 

assessment, contact, and/or development. (JP 2-01.2)

lead agency — The US Government agency designated to coordinate the interagency 

oversight of the day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08)

lead agent — 1. An individual Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate 

assigned to develop and maintain a joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) 2. In medical 

materiel management, the designated unit or organization to coordinate or execute dayto-day conduct of an ongoing operation or function. Also called LA. (JP 4-02)

lead aircraft — 1. The airborne aircraft designated to exercise command of other aircraft 

within the flight. 2. An aircraft in the van of two or more aircraft. (JP 3-09.3)
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142 JP 1-02

lead federal agency — The federal agency that leads and coordinates the overall federal 

response to an emergency. Also called LFA. (JP 3-41)

lead nation — The nation with the will, capability, competence, and influence to provide the 

essential elements of political consultation and military leadership to coordinate the 

planning, mounting, and execution of a multinational operation. See also logistic 

support; multinational force. (JP 3-16)

lead Service or agency for common-user logistics — A Service component or Department 

of Defense agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item or service 

support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the 

combatant or subordinate joint force commander’s operation plan, operation order, 

and/or directives. See also common-user logistics. (JP 4-0)

letter of assist — A contractual document issued by the United Nations to a government 

authorizing it to provide goods or services to a peacekeeping operation. Also called 

LOA. See also peacekeeping. (JP 1-06)

letter of authorization —A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or designee 

that authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to travel to, from, 

and within the operational area; and, outlines government furnished support 

authorizations within the operational area. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10)

letter of offer and acceptance — Standard Department of Defense form on which the United 

States Government documents its offer to transfer to a foreign government or 

international organization United States defense articles and services via foreign military 

sales pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act. Also called LOA. See also foreign 

military sales. (JP 4-08)

level of detail — Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement 

characteristics for both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. 

Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. Levels 

I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. a. level I - personnel: 

expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. Cargo: expressed in total 

short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total thousands of barrels by 

unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed by thousands of barrels by 

unit line number. b. level II - cargo: expressed by short tons and measurement tons of 

bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by unit line number. Also square 

feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and boats by unit line number. c. level 

III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed as short tons and measurement tons 

as well as square feet associated to that cargo category code for an individual unit line 

number. d. level IV - cargo: detail for individual dimensional data expressed in length, 

width, and height in number of inches, and weight/volume in short tons/measurement 

tons, along with a cargo description. Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 143

code and a unit line number). e. level V - personnel: any general 

summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in distribution and deployment. f. level VI

- personnel: detail expressed by name, Service, military occupational specialty and 

unique identification number. Cargo: detail expressed by association to a transportation 

control number or single tracking number or item of equipment to include federal stock 

number/national stock number and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is 

contained within another equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called 

JOPES level of detail. (CJCSM 3122.01A)

leverage — In the context of joint operation planning, a relative advantage in combat power 

and/or other circumstances against the adversary across one or more domains or the 

information environment sufficient to exploit that advantage. See also operational art; 

operational design. (JP 5-0)

L-hour — 1. The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is 

to commence. (JP 5-0) 2. In amphibious operations, the time at which the first helicopter 

or tiltrotor aircraft of the airborne ship-to-shore movement wave touches down or is 

scheduled to touch down in the landing zone (JP 3-02) 

liaison — That contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military 

forces or other agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and action. 

(JP 3-08)

life cycle — The total phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially 

developed until the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to all 

known materiel requirements. (JP 4-02)

lighterage — The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from 

ship-to-shore using amphibians, landing craft, discharge lighters, causeways, and barges. 

(JP 4-01.6)

limiting factor — A factor or condition that, either temporarily or permanently, impedes 

mission accomplishment. (JP 5-0)

line of communications — A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating 

military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces 

move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3)

line of demarcation — A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the 

forward limits of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or 

withdrawal has been completed. See also buffer zone; disengagement; peace 

operations. (JP 3-07.3)

line of departure — 1. In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of attack 

elements. Also called LD. (JP 3-31) 2. In amphibious operations, a suitably marked 

offshore coordinating line, which is located at the seaward end of a boat lane, to assist in 
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144 JP 1-02

the landing of landing craft and amphibious vehicles on designated beaches at the 

scheduled times. Also called LOD. (JP 3-02)

line of effort —In the context of joint operation planning, using the purpose (cause and effect) 

to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by linking 

multiple tasks and missions. Also called LOE. (JP 5-0)

line of operation — A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in 

relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in 

time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0)

link — 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes. 2. In 

communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications 

facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, 

which links any two or more routes. See also node. (JP 3-0)

listening watch — A continuous receiver watch established for the reception of traffic 

addressed to, or of interest to, the unit maintaining the watch, with complete log optional. 

(JP 3-50)

littoral — The littoral comprises two segments of operational environment: 1. Seaward: the 

area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations 

ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and defended 

directly from the sea. (JP 2-01.3)

loading plan — All of the individually prepared documents which, taken together, present in 

detail all instructions for the arrangement of personnel, and the loading of equipment for 

one or more units or other special grouping of personnel or material moving by highway, 

water, rail, or air transportation. (JP 3-02.1)

load signal — In personnel recovery, a visual signal displayed in a covert manner to indicate 

the presence of an individual or object at a given location. See also evasion; recovery 

operations. (JP 3-50)

locate — In personnel recovery, the task where actions are taken to precisely find and 

authenticate the identity of isolated personnel. (JP 3-50)

lodgment — A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when 

seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and 

provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18)

logistics — Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. (JP 4-0)

logistics over-the-shore operation area — That geographic area required to conduct a 

logistics over-the-shore operation. Also called LOA. See also logistics over-the-shore 

operations. (JP 4-01.6)
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JP 1-02 145

logistics over-the-shore operations — The loading and unloading of ships without the 

benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces closer 

to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called LOTS 

operations. See also joint logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6)

logistic support — Support that encompasses the logistic services, materiel, and 

transportation required to support the continental United States-based and worldwide 

deployed forces. (JP 4-0)

logistics supportability analysis — Combatant command internal assessment for the Joint 

Strategic Capabilities Plan on capabilities and shortfalls of key logistic capabilities 

required to execute and sustain the concept of support conducted on all level three plans 

with the time phased force deployment data. Also called LSA. (JP 4-0)

low-altitude missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions 

within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with low- to 

medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called LOMEZ. (JP 3-01)

low-level transit route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the 

forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or surface 

forces. Also called LLTR. (JP 3-52)

low velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity does not exceed 30 feet 

per second. (JP 3-17)

low-visibility operations — Sensitive operations wherein the diplomatic-military 

restrictions inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or 

not feasible; actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or 

their activities and with the knowledge that the action and/or sponsorship of the 

operation may preclude plausible denial by the initiating power. (JP 3-05)
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146 JP 1-02

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JP 1-02 147

magnetic mine — A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target. (JP 3-15)

mail embargo — A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from a specific 

location. (JP 1-0)

main operating base — A facility outside the United States and US territories with 

permanently stationed operating forces and robust infrastructure. Main operating bases 

are characterized by command and control structures, enduring family support facilities, 

and strengthened force protection measures. Also called MOB. See also cooperative 

security location; forward operating site. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

main supply route — The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which 

the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. 

(JP 4-01.5)

maintenance — 1. All action, including inspection, testing, servicing, classification as to 

serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation, taken to retain materiel in a 

serviceable condition or to restore it to serviceability. 2. All supply and repair action 

taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission. 3. The routine recurring work 

required to keep a facility in such condition that it may be continuously used at its original 

or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose. (JP 4-0)

major force — A military organization comprised of major combat elements and associated 

combat support, combat service support, and sustainment increments. (JP 5-0)

major operation — 1. A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted 

by combat forces of a single or several Services, coordinated in time and place, to achieve 

strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. 2. For noncombat operations, 

a reference to the relative size and scope of a military operation. See also operation. 

(JP 3-0)

maneuver — 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of advantage 

over the enemy. 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the ground, or on 

a map in imitation of war. 3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, to cause it to 

perform desired movements. 4. Employment of forces in the operational area through 

movement in combination with fires to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the 

enemy. See also mission; operation. (JP 3-0)

manpower management — The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient 

and economical use of available manpower. (JP 1-0)

manpower requirements — Human resources needed to accomplish specified work loads 

of organizations. (JP 1-0)
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148 JP 1-02

Marine air command and control system — A system that provides the aviation combat 

element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air 

operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other Services. 

Also called MACCS. See also direct air support center; tactical air operations 

center. (JP 3-09.3)

Marine Corps special operations forces — Those Active Component Marine Corps forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called MARSOF. (JP 3-05)

Maritime Administration — The Maritime Administration is the agency within the United 

States Department of Transportation dealing with waterborne transportation. Also called 

MARAD. (JP 4-01.2)

Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force — The surge sealift assets owned and 

operated by the United States Department of Transportation/Maritime Administration 

and Military Sealift Command (in contingency), crewed by civilian mariners. Also 

called MARAD RRF. See also National Defense Reserve Fleet. (JP 4-01.6)

maritime domain — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace 

above these, including the littorals. (JP 3-32)

maritime domain awareness — The effective understanding of anything associated with the 

maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of a 

nation. Also called MDA. (JP 3-32)

maritime forces — Forces that operate on, under, or above the sea to gain or exploit 

command of the sea, sea control, or sea denial and/or to project power from the sea. 

(JP 3-32)

maritime interception operations — Efforts to monitor, query, and board merchant vessels 

in international waters to enforce sanctions against other nations such as those in support 

of United Nations Security Council Resolutions and/or prevent the transport of restricted 

goods. Also called MIO. (JP 3-03)

maritime power projection — Power projection in and from the maritime environment, 

including a broad spectrum of offensive military operations to destroy enemy forces or 

logistic support or to prevent enemy forces from approaching within enemy weapons’ 

range of friendly forces. (JP 3-32)

maritime pre-positioning force operation — A rapid deployment and assembly of a Marine 

expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of intertheater airlift and 

forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. Also called MPF operation. See also 

maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 4-01.6)
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JP 1-02 149

maritime pre-positioning ships — Civilian-crewed, Military Sealift Command-chartered 

ships that are usually forward-deployed and loaded with pre-positioned equipment and 

up to 30 days of supplies to support Marine expeditionary brigades. Also called MPSs. 

See also Navy cargo handling battalion. (JP 3-02.1)

maritime security operations — Those operations to protect maritime sovereignty and 

resources and to counter maritime-related terrorism, weapons proliferation, transnational 

crime, piracy, environmental destruction, and illegal seaborne immigration. Also called 

MSO. (JP 3-32)

Maritime Security Program — A program authorized in the Maritime Security Act of 2003 

requiring the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 

to establish a fleet of active, commercially viable, militarily useful, privately-owned 

vessels to meet national defense and other security requirements. Also called MSP. 

(JP 4-01.2)

maritime superiority — That degree of dominance of one force over another that permits 

the conduct of maritime operations by the former and its related land, maritime, and air 

forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. 

(JP 3-32)

maritime terminal — A facility for berthing ships simultaneously at piers, quays, and/or 

working anchorages. Also known as a water terminal. (JP 4-01.5)

marking — To maintain contact on a target from such a position that the marking unit has an 

immediate offensive capability. (JP 3-09.3)

marshalling — 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne 

operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the 

vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. 

2. The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or equipment, 

especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement. See also staging area. 

(JP 3-17)

marshalling area — A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned 

equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and 

accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, 

and prepared for onward movement. See also marshalling. (JP 3-35)

mass atrocity response operations — Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass 

atrocities. Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3)

mass casualty — Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of 

time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, 

hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack that exceeds local logistic support 

capabilities. Also called MASCAL. See also casualty. (JP4-02)
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150 JP 1-02

massed fire — 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single target. 

2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area. (JP 3-02)

master — The commander of a United States Naval Ship, a commercial ship, or a 

government-owned general agency agreement ship operated for the Military Sealift 

Command by a civilian company to transport Department of Defense cargo. (JP 3-02.1)

master air attack plan — A plan that contains key information that forms the foundation of 

the joint air tasking order. Also called MAAP. See also target. (JP 3-60)

materiel — All items necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities 

without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. See also

equipment; personal property. (JP 4-0)

materiel inventory objective — The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on order 

on M-day in order to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain the approved United 

States force structure and those Allied forces designated for United States materiel 

support, through the period prescribed for war materiel planning purposes. (JP 4-09)

materiel planning — A subset of logistic planning consisting of the four-step process of: a. 

requirements definition. Requirements for significant items are calculated at item-level 

detail to support sustainability planning and analysis. b. apportionment. Items are 

apportioned to the combatant commanders based on a global scenario to avoid sourcing 

of items to multiple theaters. c. sourcing. Sourcing is the matching of available 

capabilities on a given date against item requirements to support sustainability analysis 

and the identification of locations to support transportation planning. d. documentation. 

Sourced item requirements are translated into movement requirements and documented 

in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database for transportation 

feasibility analysis. (JP 4-09)

materiel readiness — The availability of materiel required by a military organization to 

support its wartime activities or contingencies, disaster relief (flood, earthquake, etc.), or 

other emergencies. (JP 4-03)

materiel release order — An order issued by an accountable supply system manager 

directing a non-accountable activity within the same supply distribution complex to

release and ship materiel. Also called MRO. (JP 4-09)

materiel requirements — Those quantities of items of equipment and supplies necessary to 

equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain a Service, formation, organization, or unit 

in the fulfillment of its purposes or tasks during a specified period. (JP 4-09) 

maximum ordinate — In artillery and naval gunfire support, the height of the highest point 

in the trajectory of a projectile above the horizontal plane passing through its origin. Also 

called vertex height and MAXORD. (JP 3-09.3)
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JP 1-02 151

M-day — Mobilization day; unnamed day on which mobilization of forces begins. (JP 4-06)

measurement and signature intelligence — Information produced by quantitative and 

qualitative analysis of physical attributes of targets and events to characterize, locate, and 

identify targets and events, and derived from specialized, technically derived 

measurements of physical phenomenon intrinsic to an object or event. Also called 

MASINT. See also intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence. (JP 2-0)

Measurement and Signature Intelligence Requirements System — A system for the 

management of theater and national measurement and signature intelligence collection 

requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, and 

validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements to be 

tasked for national and Department of Defense measurement and signature intelligence 

collection, production, and exploitation resources. Also called MRS. See also 

measurement and signature intelligence. (JP 2-01)

measurement ton — The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with 

surface-delivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON.

(JP 4-01.5)

measure of effectiveness — A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, capability, 

or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, 

achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect. Also called MOE. See also 

combat assessment; mission. (JP 3-0)

measure of performance — A criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to 

measuring task accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 3-0)

mechanical sweep — In naval mine warfare, any sweep used with the object of physically 

contacting the mine or its appendages. (JP 3-15)

media operations center — A facility established by the joint force commander to serve as 

the focal point for the interface between the military and the media during the conduct of 

joint operations. Also called MOC. (JP 3-61)

media pool — A limited number of news media who represent a larger number of news media 

organizations for purposes of news gathering and sharing of material during a specified 

activity. Pooling is typically used when news media support resources cannot 

accommodate a large number of journalists. See also news media representative; 

public affairs. (JP 3-61)

medical civil-military operations — All military health-related activities in support of a joint 

force commander that establish, enhance, maintain or influence relations between the 

joint or multinational force and host nation, multinational governmental and 

nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in 
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152 JP 1-02

order to facilitate military operations, achieve United States operational objectives, and 

positively impact the health sector. Also called MCMO. (JP 4-02)

medical engagement protocols — Directives issued by competent military authority that 

delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States medical forces 

will initiate medical care and support to those individuals that are not Department of 

Defense health care beneficiaries or designated eligible for care in a military medical 

treatment facility by the Secretary of Defense. (JP 4-02)

medical intelligence — That category of intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation, 

analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental 

information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and 

operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the 

formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian 

sectors. Also called MEDINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01)

medical intelligence preparation of the operational environment — A systematic 

continuing process that analyzes information on medical and disease threats, enemy 

capabilities, terrain, weather, local medical infrastructure, potential humanitarian and 

refugee situations, transportation issues, and political, religious and social issues for all 

types of operations. Also called MIPOE. (JP 4-02)

medical logistics support — A functional area of logistics support for the joint force 

surgeon’s health service support mission and that includes supplying Class VIII medical 

supplies (medical material to include medical peculiar repair parts used to sustain the 

health service support system), optical fabrication, medical equipment maintenance, 

blood storage and distribution, and medical gases. Also called MEDLOG support. 

(JP 4-02)

medical regulating — The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement 

of patients through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment 

facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. 

See also health service support; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

medical surveillance — The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of 

data derived from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of 

population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a population’s 

health, well-being and performance. See also surveillance. (JP 4-02)

medical treatment facility — A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical 

and/or dental care to eligible individuals. Also called MTF. (JP 4-02)

medium-range ballistic missile. A ballistic missile with a range capability from about 600 

to 1,500 nautical miles. Also called MRBM. (JP 3-01)
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JP 1-02 153

mensuration — The process of measurement of a feature or location on the earth to determine 

an absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. (JP 3-60)

message — 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and prepared 

in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) 2. A 

narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a specific 

theme. Also called MSG. (JP 3-61)

meteorological and oceanographic — A term used to convey all environmental factors, 

from the sub-bottom of the Earth’s oceans through maritime, land areas, airspace, 

ionosphere, and outward into space. Also called METOC. (JP 3-59)

meteorological and oceanographic data — Measurements or observations of 

meteorological and oceanographic variables. (JP 3-59)

meteorological and oceanographic environment — The surroundings that extend from the 

sub-bottom of the Earth’s oceans, through maritime, land areas, airspace, ionosphere, 

and outward into space, which include conditions, resources, and natural phenomena, in 

and through which the joint force operates. (JP 3-59)

meteorological and oceanographic information — Actionable information to include 

meteorological, climatological, oceanographic, and space environment observations, 

analyses, prognostic data or products and meteorological and oceanographic effects. 

(JP 3-59)

meteorological and oceanographic operations support community — The collective of 

electronically connected, shore-based meteorological and oceanographic production 

facilities/centers, theater and/or regional meteorological and oceanographic production 

activities. Also called MOSC. See also meteorological and oceanographic. (JP 3-59)

meteorological watch — Monitoring the weather for a route, area, or terminal and advising 

concerned organizations when hazardous conditions that could affect their operations or 

pose a hazard to life or property are observed or forecast to occur. Also called 

METWATCH. (JP 3-59)

meteorology — The study dealing with the phenomena of the atmosphere including the 

physics, chemistry, and dynamics extending to the effects of the atmosphere on the 

Earth’s surface and the oceans. (JP 3-59)

midcourse phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase 

and the terminal phase. See also boost phase; terminal phase. (JP 3-01)

migrant — A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross national 

boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons rather than fear 

of political or ethnic persecution. (JP 3-29)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

154 JP 1-02

military assistance advisory group — A joint Service group, normally under the military 

command of a commander of a unified command and representing the Secretary of 

Defense, which primarily administers the US military assistance planning and 

programming in the host country. Also called MAAG. (JP 3-22)

Military Assistance Program — That portion of the US security assistance authorized by 

the Foreign Assistance Act of l961, as amended, which provides defense articles and 

services to recipients on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis. Also called MAP. (JP 3-22)

military civic action — Programs and projects managed by United States forces but executed 

primarily by indigenous military or security forces that contribute to the economic and 

social development of a host nation civil society thereby enhancing the legitimacy and 

social standing of the host nation government and its military forces. Also called MCA. 

(JP 3-57)

military construction — Any construction, alteration, development, conversion, or 

extension of any kind carried out with respect to a military installation. Also called 

MILCON. (JP 3-34)

military deception — Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, 

paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the 

adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the 

accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4)

Military Department — One of the departments within the Department of Defense created 

by the National Security Act of 1947, which are the Department of the Army, the 

Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force. Also called MILDEP. 

See also Department of the Air Force; Department of the Army; Department of the 

Navy. (JP 1)

military engagement — Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of 

the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation’s armed forces, or 

foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share 

information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0)

military government — The supreme authority the military exercises by force or agreement 

over the lands, property, and indigenous populations and institutions of domestic, allied, 

or enemy territory therefore substituting sovereign authority under rule of law for the 

previously established government. (JP 3-57)

military health system — A health system that supports the military mission by fostering, 

protecting, sustaining, and restoring health and providing the direction, resources, health 

care providers, and other means necessary for promoting the health of the beneficiary 

population. (JP 4-02)
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JP 1-02 155

military information support operations — Planned operations to convey selected 

information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, 

objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, 

groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator’s objectives. Also called 

MISO. (JP 3-13.2)

Military Intelligence Board — A decision-making forum which formulates Department of 

Defense intelligence policy and programming priorities. Also called MIB. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-0)

military intervention — The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to introduce its 

military forces into the course of an existing controversy. (JP 3-0)

military journalist — A US Service member or Department of Defense civilian employee 

providing photographic, print, radio, or television command information for military 

internal audiences. See also command information. (JP 3-61)

military occupation — A condition in which territory is under the effective control of a 

foreign armed force. See also occupied territory. (JP 3-0)

Military Postal Service — The command, organization, personnel, and facilities established 

to provide a means for the transmission of mail to and from the Department of Defense, 

members of the US Armed Forces, and other authorized agencies and individuals. Also 

called MPS. (JP 1-0)

Military Postal Service Agency — The single manager operating agency established to 

manage the Military Postal Service. Also called MPSA. (JP 1-0)

military post office — A branch of a designated US-based post office established by US 

Postal Service authority and operated by one of the Services. Also called MPO. 

(JP 1-0)

military resources — Military and civilian personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies 

under the control of a Department of Defense component. (JP 4-01.5)

Military Sealift Command — A major command of the United States Navy reporting to 

Commander Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command’s 

component command responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation 

services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. 

Also called MSC. See also transportation component command. (JP 4-01.2)

Military Sealift Command force — Common-user sealift consisting of three subsets: the 

Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force, common-user ocean transportation, and the special mission 

support force. See also common-user sealift; Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

156 JP 1-02

military source operations — The collection, from, by and/or via humans, of foreign and 

military and military-related intelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

military specification container — A container that meets specific written standards. Also 

called MILSPEC container. (JP 4-09)

military standard requisitioning and issue procedure — A uniform procedure established 

by the Department of Defense for use within the Department of Defense to govern 

requisition and issue of materiel within standardized priorities. Also called MILSTRIP. 

(JP 4-01)

military standard transportation and movement procedures — Uniform and standard 

transportation data, documentation, and control procedures applicable to all cargo 

movements in the Department of Defense transportation system. Also called

MILSTAMP. (JP 4-01.5)

military technician — A Federal civilian employee providing full-time support to a National 

Guard, Reserve, or Active Component organization for administration, training, and 

maintenance of the Selected Reserve. Also called MILTECH. (CJCSM 3150.13)

military van (container) — Military-owned, demountable container, conforming to United 

States and international standards, operated in a centrally controlled fleet for movement 

of military cargo. Also called MILVAN. (JP 4-02)

mine — 1. In land mine warfare, an explosive or other material, normally encased, designed 

to destroy or damage ground vehicles, boats, or aircraft, or designed to wound, kill, or 

otherwise incapacitate personnel and designed to be detonated by the action of its victim, 

by the passage of time, or by controlled means. 2. In naval mine warfare, an explosive 

device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of deterring 

shipping from entering an area. See also mine warfare. (JP 3-15)

mine countermeasures — All methods for preventing or reducing damage or danger from

mines. Also called MCM. (JP 3-15)

minefield — 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or without 

a pattern. 2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with or 

without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15)

minefield record — A complete written record of all pertinent information concerning a 

minefield, submitted on a standard form by the officer in charge of the emplacement 

operations. (JP 3-15)

minefield report — An oral, electronic, or written communication concerning mining 

activities (friendly or enemy) submitted in a standard format by the fastest secure means 

available. (JP 3-15)
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JP 1-02 157

minehunting — Employment of sensor and neutralization systems, whether air, surface, or 

subsurface, to locate and dispose of individual mines in a known field, or to verify the 

presence or absence of mines in a given area. See also minesweeping. (JP 3-15)

minesweeping — The technique of clearing mines using either mechanical sweeping to 

remove, disturb, or otherwise neutralize the mine; explosive sweeping to cause 

sympathetic detonations, damage, or displace the mine; or influence sweeping to produce 

either the acoustic or magnetic influence required to detonate the mine. See also

minehunting. (JP 3-15)

mine warfare — The strategic, operational, and tactical use of mines and mine 

countermeasures either by emplacing mines to degrade the enemy’s capabilities to wage 

land, air, and maritime warfare or by countering of enemy-emplaced mines to permit 

friendly maneuver or use of selected land or sea areas. Also called MW. (JP 3-15)

minimize — A condition wherein normal message and telephone traffic is drastically reduced 

in order that messages connected with an actual or simulated emergency shall not be 

delayed. (JP 6-0)

minimum force — Those minimum actions, including the use of armed force, sufficient to 

bring a situation under control or to defend against hostile act or hostile intent, where the 

firing of weapons is to be considered as a means of last resort. (JP 3-07.3)

minimum-risk route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use 

by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to lowflying aircraft transiting the combat zone. Also called MRR. (JP 3-52)

missile defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to 

nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01)

missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which 

the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with surface-to-air missile 

systems. Also called MEZ. (JP 3-01)

mission — 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken 

and the reason therefore. (JP 3-0) 2. In common usage, especially when applied to lower 

military units, a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task. (JP 3-0) 3. The dispatching 

of one or more aircraft to accomplish one particular task. (JP 3-30)

mission assignment — The vehicle used by the Department of Homeland 

Security/Emergency Preparedness and Response/Federal Emergency Management 

Agency to support federal operations in a Stafford Act major disaster or emergency 

declaration that orders immediate, short-term emergency response assistance when an 

applicable state or local government is overwhelmed by the event and lacks the capability 

to perform, or contract for, the necessary work. (JP 3-28)
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158 JP 1-02

mission command — The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution 

based upon mission-type orders. (JP 3-31)

mission needs statement — A formatted non-system-specific statement containing 

operational capability needs and written in broad operational terms. Also called MNS. 

(CJCSI 3180.01)

mission-oriented protective posture — A flexible system of protection against chemical, 

biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination in which personnel are required to 

wear only that protective clothing and equipment appropriate to the threat level, work 

rate imposed by the mission, temperature, and humidity. Also called MOPP. See also 

mission-oriented protective posture gear. (JP 3-11)

mission-oriented protective posture gear — Military term for individual protective 

equipment including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and 

decontamination kits issued to military members. Also called MOPP gear. See also 

decontamination; mission-oriented protective posture. (JP 3-11)

mission statement — A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization’s 

essential task(s), purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, where, 

and why. See also mission. (JP 5-0)

mission type order — 1. An order issued to a lower unit that includes the accomplishment 

of the total mission assigned to the higher headquarters. 2. An order to a unit to perform 

a mission without specifying how it is to be accomplished. (JP 3-50)

mobile mine — A mine propelled to its laying position by propulsion equipment, such as a 

torpedo that sinks at the end of its run placing the mine. See also mine. (JP 3-34)

mobile security force — A highly mobile and dedicated security force with the capability to 

defeat Level I and II threats in a joint security area. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10)

mobility — A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from place 

to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-17)

mobility air forces — Air components and Service components that are assigned and/or 

routinely exercise command authority over mobility operations. Also called MAF. 

(JP 3-17)

mobility corridor — Areas that are relatively free of obstacles where a force will be 

canalized due to terrain restrictions allowing military forces to capitalize on the 

principles of mass and speed. (JP 2-01.3)

mobilization — 1. The process of assembling and organizing national resources to support 

national objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial 

mobilization. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces of the United States or part of 
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JP 1-02 159

them are brought to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency, 

whichincludes activating all or part of the Reserve Component as well as assembling and 

organizing personnel, supplies, and materiel. Also called MOB. (JP 4-05)

mobilization base — The total of all resources available, or that can be made available, to 

meet foreseeable wartime needs. (JP 4-05)

mobilization site — The designated location where a Reserve Component unit or individual 

mobilizes or moves after mobilization for further processing, training, and employment. 

See also mobilization; mobilization station; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05)

mobilization station — The designated military installation to which a Reserve Component 

unit or individual is moved for further processing, organizing, equipping, training, and 

employment and from which the unit or individual may move to an aerial port of 

embarkation or seaport of embarkation. See also mobilization; mobilization site; 

Reserve Component. (JP 4-05)

mode (identification, friend or foe) — The number or letter referring to the specific pulse 

spacing of the signals transmitted by an interrogator or transponder used for radar 

identification of aircraft. (JP 3-01)

mode of transport — One of, or a combination of, the following modes used for a movement: 

a. inland surface transportation (rail, road, and inland waterway); b. sea transport (coastal 

and ocean); c. air transportation; and d. pipelines. (JP 4-09) 

Modernized Integrated Database — The national level repository for the general military 

intelligence available to the entire Department of Defense Intelligence Information 

System community and, through Global Command and Control System integrated 

imagery and intelligence, to tactical units. Also called MIDB. (JP 2-01)

modified combined obstacle overlay — A joint intelligence preparation of the operational 

environment product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational 

environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and 

military objectives. Also called MCOO. See also joint intelligence preparation of the 

operational environment. (JP 2-01.3)

moored mine — A contact or influence-operated mine of positive buoyancy held below the 

surface by a mooring attached to a sinker or anchor on the bottom. See also mine. 

(JP 3-15)

morale, welfare, and recreation — The merging of multiple unconnected disciplines into 

programs which improve unit readiness, promote fitness, build unit morale and cohesion, 

enhance quality of life, and provide recreational, social, and other support services. Also 

called MWR. (JP 1-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

160 JP 1-02

mortuary affairs — Provides for the search for, recovery, identification, preparation, and 

disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by status 

and executive order. Also called MA. See also joint mortuary affairs office. 

(JP 4-06)

mounting —1. All preparations made in anticipation of an operation, including assembly in 

the mounting area, preparation and maintenance within the mounting area, movement to 

loading points, and subsequent embarkation into ships, craft, or aircraft if applicable. 2. 

A carriage or stand upon which a weapon is placed. (JP 3-02.1)

mounting area — A general locality where assigned forces of an amphibious or airborne 

operation, with their equipment, are assembled, prepared, and loaded in ships and/or 

aircraft preparatory to an assault. See also embarkation area. (JP 3-02.1)

movement control — The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and cargo 

movements over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit visibility of 

forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process. See also line 

of communications; movement control teams; non-unit cargo; non-unit-related 

personnel. (JP 4-01.5)

movement control team — An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement 

responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. 

(JP 4-09)

movement data — Those essential elements of information to schedule lift, obtain 

transportation assets, manage movement of forces, and report in-transit visibility of 

movements and associated forces (people, equipment, and supplies). (JP 4-09) 

movement group — Those ships and embarked units that load out and proceed to rendezvous 

in the objective area. (JP 3-02)

movement phase — In amphibious operations, the period during which various elements of 

the amphibious force move from points of embarkation to the objective area. See also 

amphibious force; amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

movement plan — In amphibious operations, the naval plan providing for the movement of 

the amphibious task force to the objective area. See also amphibious operation; 

amphibious task force. (JP 3-02)

movement requirement — A stated movement mode and time-phased need for the transport 

of units, personnel, and/or materiel from a specified origin to a specified destination. 

(JP 4-09)

movement schedule — A timetable developed to monitor or track the movement of a 

separate entity, whether it is a force requirement, cargo or personnel increment, or lift 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 161

asset, that reflects the assignment of specific lift resources, shows a flow and workload 

at each location, and supports plan implementation. (JP 4-09)

movement table — A table giving detailed instructions or data for a move. (JP 4-09) 

movement to contact — A form of the offense designed to develop the situation and to 

establish or regain contact. (JP 3-50)

multinational — Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more nations or coalition 

partners. See also alliance; coalition. (JP 5-0)

multinational doctrine — The agreed upon fundamental principles that guide the 

employment of forces of two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common 

objective. See also doctrine; joint doctrine. (JP 3-16)

multinational force — A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed 

an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose. Also called MNF. See also 

multinational force commander; multinational operations. (JP 1)

multinational force commander — A general term applied to a commander who exercises 

command authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more 

nations. Also called MNFC. See also multinational force. (JP 3-16)

multinational integrated logistic unit — An organization resulting when two or more 

nations agree to provide logistics assets to a multinational logistic force under the 

operational control of a multinational commander for the logistic support of a 

multinational force. Also called MILU. See also logistic support; multinational. 

(JP 4-08)

multinational logistics — Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations 

supporting a multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of an 

alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate. Also 

called MNL. See also logistics; multinational. (JP 4-08)

multinational operations — A collective term to describe military actions conducted by 

forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or 

alliance. See also alliance; coalition. (JP 3-16)

multinational staff — A staff composed of personnel of two or more nations within the 

structure of a coalition or alliance. See also integrated staff; joint staff. (JP 3-16)

multipoint refueling system — KC-135 aircraft equipped with external wing-mounted pods 

to conduct drogue air refueling, while still maintaining boom air refueling capability on 

the same mission. Also called MPRS. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

162 JP 1-02

multi-Service publication — A publication containing principles, terms, tactics, techniques, 

and procedures used and approved by the forces of two or more Services to perform a

common military function consistent with approved joint doctrine. (CJCSM 5120.01)

multispectral imagery — The image of an object obtained simultaneously in a number of 

discrete spectral bands. Also called MSI. (JP 3-14)

multispot ship — Those ships certified to have two or more adjacent landing areas. See also 

spot. (JP 3-04)

munitions effectiveness assessment — Conducted concurrently and interactively with battle 

damage assessment, the assessment of the military force applied in terms of the weapon 

system and munitions effectiveness to determine and recommend any required changes 

to the methodology, tactics, weapon system, munitions, fusing, and/or weapon delivery 

parameters to increase force effectiveness. Munitions effectiveness assessment is 

primarily the responsibility of operations with required inputs and coordination from the 

intelligence community. Also called MEA. See also assessment; battle damage 

assessment. (JP 2-01)

mutual support — That support which units render each other against an enemy, because of 

their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their 

inherent capabilities. See also close support; direct support; support. (JP 3-31)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

N

JP 1-02 163

named area of interest — The geospatial area or systems node or link against which 

information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected, usually 

to capture indications of adversary courses of action. Also called NAI. See also area of 

interest. (JP 2-01.3)

narcoterrorism — Terrorism that is linked to illicit drug trafficking. (JP 3-07.4)

National Capital Region — A geographic area encompassing the District of Columbia and 

eleven local jurisdictions in the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia. 

Also called NCR. (JP 3-28)

National Communications System — The telecommunications system that results from the 

technical and operational integration of the separate telecommunications systems of the 

several executive branch departments and agencies having a significant 

telecommunications capability. Also called NCS. (JP 6-0)

National Defense Reserve Fleet — 1. Including the Maritime Administration Ready Reserve 

Force, a fleet composed of ships acquired and maintained by the Maritime 

Administration for use in mobilization or emergency. 2. Less the Maritime 

Administration Ready Reserve Force, a fleet composed of the older dry cargo ships, 

tankers, troop transports, and other assets in Maritime Administration’s custody that are 

maintained at a relatively low level of readiness. Also called NDRF. See also Maritime 

Administration Ready Reserve Force. (JP 4-01.2)

national defense strategy — A document approved by the Secretary of Defense for applying 

the Armed Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of Defense 

agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security strategy 

objectives. Also called NDS. (JP 1)

National Detainee Reporting Center — The national-level center that accounts for all 

persons who pass through the care, custody, and control of the Department of Defense

and that obtains and stores information concerning detainees and their confiscated 

personal property. Also called NDRC. (JP 3-63)

National Disaster Medical System — A coordinated partnership between Departments of 

Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Defense, and Veterans Affairs 

established for the purpose of responding to the needs of casualties of a public health 

emergency. Also called NDMS. (JP 3-41)

national emergency — A condition declared by the President or the Congress by virtue of 

powers previously vested in them that authorize certain emergency actions to be 

undertaken in the national interest. See also mobilization. (JP 3-28)
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164 JP 1-02

National Incident Management System — A national crisis response system that provides 

a consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the 

private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently 

together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of 

cause, size, or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41)

national intelligence — All intelligence, regardless of the source from which derived, and 

including that which is gathered within or outside of the United States, that pertains to 

more than one agency, and involves (1) threats to the United States, its people, property, 

or interests, (2) the development, proliferation, or use of weapons of mass destruction, or 

(3) any other matter bearing on US national or homeland security. (JP 2-01)

national intelligence estimate — A strategic estimate of the capabilities, vulnerabilities, and 

probable courses of action of foreign nations produced at the national level as a 

composite of the views of the intelligence community. Also called NIE. (JP 2-01)

National Military Command System — The priority component of the Global Command 

and Control System designed to support the President, Secretary of Defense, and Joint 

Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities. Also called NMCS. (JP 6-0)

national military strategy — A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff for distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy and 

national defense strategy objectives. Also called NMS. See also national security 

strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 1)

national operations center — The primary national hub for domestic incident management 

operational coordination and situational awareness. Also called NOC. (JP 3-28)

national policy — A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by the 

government at the national level in pursuit of national objectives. (JP 1)

national security — A collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign 

relations of the United States with the purpose of gaining: a. A military or defense 

advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; b. A favorable foreign relations 

position; or c. A defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive 

action from within or without, overt or covert. See also security. (JP 1)

National Security Agency/Central Security Service Representative — The senior theater 

or military command representative of the Director, National Security Agency/Chief, 

Central Security Service in a specific country or military command headquarters who 

provides the Director, National Security Agency, with information on command plans 

requiring cryptologic support. The National Security Agency/Central Security Service 

representative serves as a special advisor to the combatant commander for cryptologic 

matters, to include signals intelligence, communications security, and computer security. 

Also called NCR. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)
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JP 1-02 165

National Security Council — A governmental body specifically designed to assist the 

President in integrating all spheres of national security policy. Also called NSC. (JP 1)

national security interests — The foundation for the development of valid national 

objectives that define United States goals or purposes. (JP 1)

national security strategy — A document approved by the President of the United States for 

developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve 

objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. See also national 

military strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 1)

national shipping authority — The organization within each Allied government responsible 

in time of war for the direction of its own merchant shipping. Also called NSA. 

(JP 4-01.2)

national special security event — A designated event that, by virtue of its political, 

economic, social, or religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other 

criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28)

national stock number — The 13-digit number that identifies a stock item consisting of the 

4-digit federal supply classification code plus the 9-digit national item identification 

number and arranged as follows: 9999-00-999-9999. Also called NSN. (JP 4-09) 

national support element — Any national organization or activity that supports national 

forces that are a part of a multinational force. See also multinational force; support. 

(JP 1)

National System for Geospatial Intelligence — The combination of technology, policies, 

capabilities, doctrine, activities, people, data, and organizations necessary to produce 

geospatial intelligence in an integrated, multi-intelligence environment. Also called 

NSG. (JP 2-03)

nation assistance — Assistance rendered to a nation by foreign forces within that nation’s 

territory based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. (JP 3-0)

natural disaster — An emergency situation posing significant danger to life and property 

that results from a natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29)

naval advanced logistic support site — An overseas location used as the primary 

transshipment point in the theater of operations for logistic support. Also called NALSS. 

See also logistic support; naval forward logistic site; support; theater of operations. 

(JP 3-35)

Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization manual — Series of 

general and specific aircraft procedural manuals that govern the operations of naval 

aircraft. Also called NATOPS manual. (JP 3-04)
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166 JP 1-02

naval beach group — A permanently organized naval command within an amphibious force 

composed of a commander and staff, a beachmaster unit, an amphibious construction 

battalion, and assault craft units, designed to provide an administrative group from which 

required naval tactical components may be made available to the attack force commander 

and to the amphibious landing force commander. Also called NBG. See also shore 

party. (JP 3-02)

naval construction force — The combined construction units of the Navy that are part of the 

operating forces and represent the Navy’s capability for advanced base construction. 

Also called NCF. (JP 3-34)

naval forward logistic site — An overseas location, with port and airfield facilities nearby, 

which provides logistic support to naval forces within the theater of operations during 

major contingency and wartime periods. Also called NFLS. See also logistic support; 

naval advanced logistic support site; staging. (JP 3-35)

naval gunfire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun systems in support of a unit or 

units tasked with achieving the commander’s objectives. Also called NGFS. See also

naval surface fire support. (JP 3-09)

naval operation — 1. A naval action (or the performance of a naval mission) that may be 

strategic, operational, tactical, logistic, or training. 2. The process of carrying on or 

training for naval combat in order to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign. 

(JP 3-32)

naval special warfare — A naval warfare specialty that conducts special operations with an 

emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments using small, flexible, mobile 

units operating under, on, and from the sea. Also called NSW. (JP 3-05)

naval special warfare group — A permanent Navy echelon III major command to which 

most naval special warfare forces are assigned for some operational and all 

administrative purposes. Also called NSWG. (JP 3-05)

naval special warfare task group — A provisional naval special warfare organization that 

plans, conducts, and supports special operations in support of fleet commanders and joint 

force special operations component commanders. Also called NSWTG. (JP 3-05)

naval special warfare task unit — A provisional subordinate unit of a naval special warfare 

task group. Also called NSWTU. See also naval special warfare task group. 

(JP 3-05)

naval surface fire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in 

support of a unit or units. Also called NSFS. See also fire support. (JP 3-09.3)
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JP 1-02 167

navigation warfare — Deliberate defensive and offensive action to assure and prevent 

positioning, navigation, and timing information through coordinated employment of 

space, cyberspace, and electronic warfare operations. Also called NAVWAR. 

(JP-3-14)

Navy cargo-handling battalion — A mobile logistic support unit that is organized, trained, 

and equipped to: a. load and offload Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in maritime 

pre-positioning ships and merchant breakbulk or container ships in all environments; b. 

operate an associated temporary ocean cargo terminal; c. load and off-load Navy and 

Marine Corps cargo carried in military-controlled aircraft; and d. operate an associated 

expeditionary air cargo terminal. Also called NCHB. See also maritime prepositioning ships. (JP 3-02.1)

Navy expeditionary logistics support group — The quick response cargo-handling units of 

the Navy specialize in open ocean cargo handling. Also called NAVELSG. (JP 4-01.6)

Navy special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Navy forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called NAVSOF. (JP 3-05)

Navy support element — The maritime pre-positioning force element that is tasked to 

conduct the off-load and ship-to-shore movement of maritime pre-positioned equipment 

and/or supplies. Also called NSE. (JP 3-02.1)

Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft — Combatant commander-controlled airlift assets 

deemed essential for providing air transportation in support of naval operations’ 

transportation requirements. Also called NUFEA. (JP 3-17)

N-day — Day an active duty unit is notified for deployment or redeployment.

need to know — A criterion used in security procedures that requires the custodians of 

classified information to establish, prior to disclosure, that the intended recipient must 

have access to the information to perform his or her official duties. (JP 2-01.2)

negation — In space operations, active and offensive measures to deceive, disrupt, degrade, 

deny or destroy space capabilities being used to interfere with or attack United 

States/allied systems. See also space control. (JP 3-14) 

nerve agent — A potentially lethal chemical agent that interferes with the transmission of 

nerve impulses. (JP 3-11)

net explosive weight — 1. The actual weight in pounds of explosive mixtures or compounds, 

including the trinitrotoluene equivalent of energetic material, that is used in determination 

of explosive limits and explosive quantity data arcs. (JP 4-09) 2. The total weight of all 

explosives substances (i.e., high explosive weight, propellant weight, and pyrotechnic 
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168 JP 1-02

weight) in the ammunition or explosive, expressed in pounds, used for transportation 

purposes. Also called NEW. (DODM 6055.09)

networked munitions. Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons system designed to 

provide rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability 

through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15)

neutral — In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose 

characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor 

opposing friendly forces. See also suspect; unknown. (JP 3-0)

neutrality — In international law, the attitude of impartiality during periods of war adopted 

by third states toward a belligerent and subsequently recognized by the belligerent, which 

creates rights and duties between the impartial states and the belligerent. (JP 3-0)

neutralize — 1. As pertains to military operations, to render ineffective or unusable. 2. To 

render enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. 

3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, and booby traps. 4. To make harmless anything 

contaminated with a chemical agent. (JP 3-0)

neutral state — In international law, a state that pursues a policy of neutrality during war. 

See also neutrality. (JP 3-50)

news media representative — An individual employed by a civilian radio or television 

station, newspaper, newsmagazine, periodical, or news agency to gather and report on a 

newsworthy event. Also called NMR. See also public affairs. (JP 3-61)

night vision device — Any electro-optical device that is used to detect visible and infrared 

energy and provide a visible image. Also called NVD. See also forward-looking 

infrared; night vision goggle. (JP 3-09.3)

night vision goggle — An electro-optical image intensifying device that detects visible and 

near-infrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night 

viewing. Also called NVG. See also night vision device. (JP 3-09.3)

node — 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, 

processed for onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-17) 2. In communications and 

computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and 

gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) 3. An element of a 

system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0)

no-fire area — An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their 

effects are prohibited. Also called NFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09.3)

nonappropriated funds — Funds generated by Department of Defense personnel and their 

dependents used to augment funds appropriated by the Congress to provide a 
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JP 1-02 169

comprehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and recreational 

programs. Also called NAF. (JP 1-0)

nonbattle injury — A person who becomes a casualty due to circumstances not directly 

attributable to hostile action or terrorist activity. Also called NBI. (JP 4-02)

noncombatant evacuation operations — Operations directed by the Department of State or 

other appropriate authority, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, whereby 

noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered by 

war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens as designated by the Department of 

State. Also called NEOs. See also evacuation; noncombatant evacuees; operation; 

safe haven. (JP 3-68)

noncombatant evacuation operations tracking system — An automated data processing 

hardware and software package that has the capability to provide evacuee in-transit 

visibility to combatant commanders and senior leadership during the conduct of a 

noncombatant evacuation operation. Also called NTS. (JP 3-68)

noncombatant evacuees — 1. US citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by competent 

authority include: a. civilian employees of all agencies of the US Government and their 

dependents, except as noted in 2a below; b. military personnel of the Armed Forces of the 

United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and c. dependents 

of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. US (and non-US) citizens who 

may be authorized or assisted (but not necessarily ordered to evacuate) by competent 

authority include: a. civilian employees of US Government agencies and their 

dependents, who are residents in the country concerned on their own volition, but express 

the willingness to be evacuated; b. private US citizens and their dependents; c. military 

personnel and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States outlined 

in 1c above, short of an ordered evacuation; and d. designated personnel, including 

dependents of persons listed in 1a through 1c above, as prescribed by the Department of 

State. See also noncombatant evacuation operations. (JP 3-68)

nonconventional assisted recovery — Personnel recovery conducted by 

indigenous/surrogate personnel that are trained, supported, and led by special operations 

forces, unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other government 

agencies’ personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to establish and 

operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. (JP 3-50)

nondestructive electronic warfare — Those electronic warfare actions, not including 

employment of wartime reserve modes, that deny, disrupt, or deceive rather than damage 

or destroy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

nongovernmental organization — A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization 

dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, 

economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; 
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170 JP 1-02

and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. Also 

called NGO. (JP 3-08)

nonlethal weapon — A weapon that is explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to 

incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to 

personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Also called NLW. 

(JP 3-28)

nonpersistent agent — A chemical agent that when released dissipates and/or loses its ability 

to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11)

nonproliferation — Actions to prevent the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by 

dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, and 

expertise. Also called NP. See also counterproliferation. (JP 3-40)

nonscheduled units — Units of the landing force held in readiness for landing during the 

initial unloading period, but not included in either scheduled or on-call waves. (JP 3-02)

non-unit cargo — All equipment and supplies requiring transportation to an operational area,

other than those identified as the equipment or accompanying supplies of a specific unit. 

(JP 4-01.5).

non-unit-related personnel — All personnel requiring transportation to or from an 

operational area, other than those assigned to a specific unit. Also called NRP or NUP. 

(JP 1-0)

no-strike list — A list of objects or entities characterized as protected from the effects of 

military operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Also called 

NSL. See also law of armed conflict. (JP 3-60)

not mission capable, supply — Material condition indicating that systems and equipment 

are not capable of performing any of their assigned missions because of maintenance 

work stoppage due to a supply shortage. Also called NMCS. (JP 4-09)

nuclear incident — An unexpected incident involving a nuclear weapon, facility, or 

component, but not constituting a nuclear weapon(s) accident, resulting in any of the 

following: a. an increase in the possibility of explosion or radioactive contamination; b. 

errors committed in the assembly, testing, loading, or transportation of equipment, and/or 

the malfunctioning of equipment and materiel which could lead to an unintentional 

operation of all or part of the weapon arming and/or firing sequence, or which could lead

to a substantial change in yield, or increased dud probability; and c. any act of God, 

unfavorable environment, or condition resulting in damage to the weapon, facility, or 

component. (JP 3-41)

nuclear weapon(s) accident — An unexpected incident involving nuclear weapons or 

radiological nuclear weapon components that results in any of the following; a. 
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JP 1-02 171

accidental or unauthorized launching, firing, or use by United States forces or United 

States supported allied forces of a nuclear-capable weapon system that could create the 

risk of an outbreak of war; b. nuclear detonation; c. nonnuclear detonation or burning of 

a nuclear weapon or radiological nuclear weapon component; d. radioactive 

contamination; e. seizure, theft, loss, or destruction of a nuclear weapon or radiological 

nuclear weapon component, including jettisoning; and f. public hazard, actual or implied. 

(JP 3-41)

nuisance minefield — A minefield laid to delay and disorganize the enemy and to hinder the 

use of an area or route. See also minefield. (JP 3-15)

numbered beach — In amphibious operations, a subdivision of a colored beach, designated 

for the assault landing of a battalion landing team or similarly sized unit, when landed as 

part of a larger force. (JP 3-02)

numbered fleet — A major tactical unit of the Navy immediately subordinate to a major fleet 

command and comprising various task forces, elements, groups, and units for the purpose 

of prosecuting specific naval operations. See also fleet. (JP 3-32)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

172 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

O

JP 1-02 173

objective — 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every 

operation is directed. 2. The specific target of the action taken which is essential to the 

commander’s plan. See also target. (JP 5-0)

objective area — A geographical area, defined by competent authority, within which is 

located an objective to be captured or reached by the military forces. Also called OA. 

(JP 3-06)

obstacle — Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, 

or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in 

personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15)

obstacle belt — A brigade-level command and control measure, normally given graphically, 

to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit 

friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15)

obstacle clearing — The total elimination or neutralization of obstacles. (JP 3-15)

obstacle intelligence — Those collection efforts to detect the presence of enemy and natural 

obstacles, determine their types and dimensions, and provide the necessary information 

to plan appropriate combined arms breaching, clearance, or bypass operations to negate 

the impact on the friendly scheme of maneuver. Also called OBSTINT. (JP 3-15)

obstacle restricted areas — A command and control measure used to limit the type or 

number of obstacles within an area. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15)

obstacle zone — A division-level command and control measure, normally done graphically, 

to designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to employ tactical 

obstacles. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15)

occupational and environmental health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, 

analysis, archiving, interpretation, and dissemination of occupational and environmental 

health-related data for monitoring the health of, or potential health hazard impact on, a 

population and individual personnel, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, 

treat, or control the occurrence of disease or injury when determined necessary. 

(JP 4-02)

occupational and environmental health threats — Threats to the health of military 

personnel and to military readiness created by exposure to hazardous agents, 

environmental contamination, or toxic industrial materials. See also health threat. 

(JP 4-02)
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174 JP 1-02

occupied territory — Territory under the authority and effective control of a belligerent 

armed force and not being administered pursuant to peace terms, treaty, or other 

agreement, express or implied, with the civil authority of the territory. (JP 4-02)

oceanography — The study of the sea, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining 

to the sea and its physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of seawater, and marine 

biology. (JP 3-59)

O-day — Off-load day.

offensive counterair — Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, 

missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and 

after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. See also 

counterair; defensive counterair; operation. (JP 3-01)

offensive counterair attack operations — Offensive action by any part of the joint force in

support of the offensive counterair mission against surface targets which contribute to 

the enemy’s air and missile capabilities. Also called OCA attack operations. See also 

counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01)

offensive counterintelligence operation — A clandestine counterintelligence activity 

conducted for military, strategic, Department of Defense, or national counterintelligence 

and security purposes against a target having suspected or known affiliation with foreign 

intelligence entities, international terrorism, or other foreign persons or organizations, to 

counter terrorism, espionage, or other clandestine intelligence activities that threaten the 

security of the Department or the United States. The two types of offensive 

counterintelligence operations are double agent operation and controlled source 

operation. Also called OFCO. (JP 2-01.2)

offensive cyberspace operations — Cyberspace operations intended to project power by the 

application of force in or through cyberspace. Also called OCO. (JP 3-12)

offensive space control — Those operations to prevent an adversary’s hostile use of United 

States/third-party space capabilities and services or negate (deceive, disrupt, degrade, 

deny, or destroy) an adversary’s efforts to interfere with or attack United States/allied 

space systems. Also called OSC. (JP 3-14)

office — An enduring organization that is formed around a specific function within a joint 

force commander’s headquarters to coordinate and manage support requirements. 

(JP 3-33)

officer in tactical command — In maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to 

assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has delegated tactical 

command. Also called OTC. (JP 3-32)
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JP 1-02 175

officer of the deck — 1. When underway, the officer designated by the commanding officer 

to be in charge of the ship, including its safe and proper operation. 2. When in port or at 

anchor, the officer of the deck is designated by the command duty officer, has similar 

responsibilities, and may be enlisted. Also called OOD. (JP 3-04)

official information — Information that is owned by, produced for or by, or is subject to the 

control of the United States Government. (JP 3-61)

offset costs — Costs for which funds have been appropriated that may not be incurred as a 

result of a contingency operation. See also contingency operation. (JP 1-06)

offshore bulk fuel system — The system used for transferring fuel from points offshore to 

reception facilities on the beach. Also called OBFS. See also amphibious bulk liquid 

transfer system; offshore petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6)

offshore petroleum discharge system — Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from 

an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high 

watermark. Bulk petroleum then is either transported inland or stored in the beach 

support area. Also called OPDS. See also facility; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; 

single-anchor leg mooring. (JP 4-03)

off-the-shelf item — An item that has been developed and produced to military or 

commercial standards and specifications, is readily available for delivery from an 

industrial source, and may be procured without change to satisfy a military requirement. 

(JP 4-10)

on-call — 1. A term used to signify that a prearranged concentration, air strike, or final 

protective fire may be called for. 2. Preplanned, identified force or materiel requirements 

without designated time-phase and destination information. (JP 3-01)

on-call target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using 

deliberate targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. 

See also dynamic targeting; on-call; operational area; planned target; target. 

(JP 3-60)

on hand — The quantity of an item that is physically available in a storage location and 

contained in the accountable property book records of an issuing activity. (JP 4-09)

on-scene commander — 1. An individual in the immediate vicinity of an isolating event who 

temporarily assumes command of the incident. 2. The federal officer designated to direct 

federal crisis and consequence management efforts at the scene of a terrorist or weapons 

of mass destruction incident. Also called OSC. (JP 3-50)

on-station time — The time an aircraft can remain on station, that may be determined by 

endurance or orders. (JP 3-50)
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176 JP 1-02

open ocean — Ocean limit defined as greater than 12 nautical miles from shore, as compared 

with high seas that are over 200 nautical miles from shore. See also contiguous zone. 

(JP 3-32)

open-source information — Information that any member of the public could lawfully 

obtain by request or observation as well as other unclassified information that has limited 

public distribution or access. (JP 2-0)

open-source intelligence — Relevant information derived from the systematic collection, 

processing, and analysis of publicly available information in response to known or 

anticipated intelligence requirements. Also called OSINT. See also intelligence. 

(JP 2-0)

operation — 1. A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. 

(JP 1) 2. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, 

training, or administrative military mission. (JP 3-0).

operational approach — A description of the broad actions the force must take to transform 

current conditions into those desired at end state. (JP 5-0)

operational area — An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as area 

of responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military 

operations are conducted. Also called OA. See also amphibious objective area; area 

of operations; area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations 

area; theater of operations; theater of war. (JP 3-0)

operational art — The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs — supported by their 

skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment — to develop strategies, 

campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, 

ways, and means. (JP 3-0)

operational chain of command — One of the two branches of the chain of command 

described in Joint Publication 1, Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States, 

through which command is exercised from the President through the Secretary of 

Defense to the combatant commanders, to whom forces are assigned and allocated via 

the global force management process. (DODI 8260.03)

operational characteristics — Those military characteristics that pertain primarily to the 

functions to be performed by equipment, either alone or in conjunction with other 

equipment; e.g., for electronic equipment, operational characteristics include such items 

as frequency coverage, channeling, type of modulation, and character of emission. 

(JP 5-0)

operational command structure — The organizational hierarchy through which operational 

authorities are exercised, as contrasted by the administrative command structure through 

which administrative leadership is exercised. (DODI 8260.03)
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JP 1-02 177

operational contract support — The process of planning for and obtaining supplies, 

services, and construction from commercial sources in support of joint operations. Also 

called OCS. (JP 4-10)

operational contract support integration cell — A cell established to coordinate, and 

integrate operational contract support actions across all primary and special staffs for an 

operational area. Also called OCSIC. (JP 4-10)

operational control — The authority to perform those functions of command over 

subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning 

tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish 

the mission. Also called OPCON. See also combatant command; combatant 

command (command authority); tactical control. (JP 1)

operational control authority — The naval commander responsible within a specified 

geographical area for the naval control of all merchant shipping under Allied naval 

control. Also called OCA. (JP 3-15)

operational decontamination — Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a unit, 

restricted to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel and/or working 

areas, in order to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain operations. See 

also decontamination; immediate decontamination; thorough decontamination. 

(JP 3-11)

operational design — The conception and construction of the framework that underpins a 

campaign or major operation plan and its subsequent execution. See also campaign; 

major operation. (JP 5-0)

operational design element — A key consideration used in operational design. (JP 5-0)

operational energy — The energy required for training, moving, and sustaining military 

forces and weapons platforms for military operations. (JP 4-0)

operational environment — A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences 

that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. 

Also called OE. (JP 3-0)

operational exposure guidance — The maximum amount of nuclear/external ionizing 

radiation that the commander considers a unit may be permitted to receive while 

performing a particular mission or missions. Also called OEG. See also radiation 

exposure status. (JP 3-11)

operational intelligence — Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting 

campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or 
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178 JP 1-02

operational areas. See also intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence. 

(JP 2-0)

operational level of war — The level of war at which campaigns and major operations are 

planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other 

operational areas. See also strategic level of war; tactical level of war. (JP 3-0)

operational limitation — An action required or prohibited by higher authority, such as a 

constraint or a restraint, and other restrictions that limit the commander’s freedom of 

action, such as diplomatic agreements, rules of engagement, political and economic 

conditions in affected countries, and host nation issues. See also constraint; restraint. 

(JP 5-0)

operationally ready — 1. A unit, ship, or weapon system capable of performing the missions 

or functions for which organized or designed. 2. Personnel available and qualified to 

perform assigned missions or functions. (JP 4-01.5)

operational necessity — A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which 

the consequences of an action justify the risk of loss of aircraft and crew. See also

mission. (JP 3-04)

operational pause — A temporary halt in operations. (JP 5-0)

operational preparation of the environment — The conduct of activities in likely or 

potential areas of operations to prepare and shape the operational environment. Also 

called OPE. (JP 3-05)

operational reach — The distance and duration across which a joint force can successfully 

employ military capabilities. (JP 3-0)

operational readiness — The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapon system, or 

equipment to perform the missions or functions for which it is organized or designed. 

Also called OR. See also combat readiness. (JP 1-0)

operational reserve — An emergency reserve of men and/or materiel established for the 

support of a specific operation. (JP 5-0)

operational support airlift — Airlift movements of high-priority passengers and cargo with 

time, place, or mission-sensitive requirements. Also called OSA. (JP 3-17)

operational testing — A continuing process of evaluation that may be applied to either 

operational personnel or situations to determine their validity or reliability. (JP 4-02)

operation and maintenance — Maintenance and repair of real property, operation of 

utilities, and provision of other services such as refuse collection and disposal, 

entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation. Also called O&M. (JP 3-34)
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JP 1-02 179

operation order — A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the 

purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. 

(JP 5-0)

operation plan — 1. Any plan for the conduct of military operations prepared in response to 

actual and potential contingencies. 2. A complete and detailed joint plan containing a 

full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a 

time-phased force and deployment data. Also called OPLAN. See also operation 

order. (JP 5-0)

operations center — The facility or location on an installation, base, or facility used by the 

commander to command, control, and coordinate all operational activities. Also called 

OC. See also base defense operations center. (JP 3-07.2)

operations research — The analytical study of military problems undertaken to provide 

responsible commanders and staff agencies with a scientific basis for decision on action 

to improve military operations. Also called operational research; operations analysis. 

(JP 3-31)

operations security — A process of identifying critical information and subsequently 

analyzing friendly actions attendant to military operations and other activities. Also 

called OPSEC. See also operations security indicators; operations security 

measures; operations security planning guidance; operations security vulnerability. 

(JP 3-13.3)

operations security assessment — An evaluative process, usually exercise, or support 

function to determine the likelihood that critical information can be protected from the 

adversary’s intelligence. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security countermeasures — Methods and means to gain and maintain essential 

secrecy about critical information. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security indicators — Friendly detectable actions and open-source information 

that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information. 

(JP 3-13.3)

operations security planning guidance — Guidance that defines the critical information 

requiring protection from the adversary and outlines provisional measures to ensure 

secrecy. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security survey — A collection effort by a team of subject matter experts to 

reproduce the intelligence image projected by a specific operation or function simulating 

hostile intelligence processes. (JP 3-13.3)
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180 JP 1-02

operations security vulnerability — A condition in which friendly actions provide 

operations security indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an 

adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making. (JP 3-13.3)

operations support element — An element that is responsible for all administrative, 

operations support and services support functions within the counterintelligence and 

human intelligence staff element of a joint force intelligence directorate. Also called 

OSE. (JP 2-01.2)

operations to restore order — Operations intended to halt violence and support, reinstate, 

or establish civil authorities so that indigenous police forces can effectively enforce the 

law and restore civil authority. See also operation; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3)

opportune lift — That portion of lift capability available for use after planned requirements 

have been met. (JP 4-02)

ordered departure — A procedure by which the number of US Government personnel, their 

dependents, or both are reduced at a foreign service post. Departure is directed by the 

Department of State (initiated by the chief of mission or the Secretary of State) to 

designated safe havens with implementation of the combatant commander noncombatant 

evacuation operations plan. (JP 3-68)

order of battle — The identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the 

personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. Also called OB; OOB. 

(JP 2-01.3)

ordnance — Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and 

ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15)

ordnance handling — Applies to those individuals who engage in the breakout, lifting, or 

repositioning of ordnance or explosive devices in order to facilitate storage or stowage, 

assembly or disassembly, loading or downloading, or transporting. (JP 3-04)

organic — Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization as listed in its 

table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and are assigned to the 

operating forces for the Navy. (JP 1)

Organizational and Force Structure Construct — The standardized precepts for the 

digitization of hierarchical enterprise force structure data for Department of Defensewide integration and use. Also called OFSC. (DODI 8260.03)

organizational maintenance — That maintenance that is the responsibility of and performed 

by a using organization on its assigned equipment. (JP 4-01.5)

organization for combat — In amphibious operations, task organization of landing force 

units for combat, involving combinations of command, ground and aviation combat, 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 181

combat support, and combat service support units for accomplishment of missions 

ashore. See also amphibious operation; task organization. (JP 3-02)

organization for embarkation — In amphibious operations, an organization consisting of 

temporary landing force task organizations established by the commander, landing force 

and a temporary organization of Navy forces established by the commander, amphibious 

task force for the purpose of simplifying planning and facilitating the execution of 

embarkation. See also amphibious operation; embarkation; landing force; task 

organization. (JP 3-02)

organization for landing — In amphibious operations, the specific tactical grouping of the 

landing force for the assault. (JP 3-02)

Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force — The network of regional task 

forces that coordinates federal law enforcement efforts to combat the national and 

international organizations that cultivate, process, and distribute illicit drugs. Also called

OCDETF. (JP 3-07.4)

originating medical treatment facility — A medical facility that initially transfers a patient 

to another medical facility. (JP 4-02)

originator — The command by whose authority a message is sent, which includes the 

responsibility for the functions of the drafter and the releasing officer. (JP 2-01)

oscillating mine — A mine, hydrostatically controlled, which maintains a pre-set depth below 

the surface of the water independently of the rise and fall of the tide. See also mine. 

(JP 3-15)

other detainee — Person in the custody of the US Armed Forces who has not been classified 

as an enemy prisoner of war (article 4, Geneva Convention of 1949 Relative to the 

Treatment of Prisoners of War (GPW)), retained personnel (article 33, GPW), or civilian 

internee (article 78, Geneva Convention). Also called OD. See also civilian internee; 

custody; detainee; prisoner of war; retained personnel. (JP 1-0)

outer transport area — In amphibious operations, an area inside the antisubmarine screen 

to which assault transports proceed initially after arrival in the objective area. See also

inner transport area; transport area. (JP 3-02)

outsized cargo — A single item that exceeds 1,000 inches long by 117 inches wide by 105 

inches high in any one dimension. See also oversized cargo. (JP 4-01.6)

overhead persistent infrared — Those systems originally developed to detect and track 

foreign intercontinental ballistic missile systems. Also called OPIR. (JP 3-14)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

182 JP 1-02

overpressure — The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an explosion referred to as 

“positive” when it exceeds atmospheric pressure and “negative” during the passage of 

the wave when resulting pressures are less than atmospheric pressure. (JP 3-11)

Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document — A set of objective criteria and 

management practices developed by the Department of Defense to protect human health 

and the environment. Also called OEBGD. (JP 3-34)

oversized cargo — 1. Large items of specific equipment such as a barge, side loadable 

warping tug, causeway section, powered, or causeway section, nonpowered that require 

transport by sea. 2. Air cargo exceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded to 

the design height of 96 inches, but equal to or less than 1,000 inches in length, 117 inches 

in width, and 105 inches in height. See also outsized cargo. (JP 3-17)

over-the-horizon amphibious operation — An operational initiative launched from beyond 

visual and radar range of the shoreline. (JP 3-02)

overt — Activities that are openly acknowledged by or are readily attributable to the United 

States Government, including those designated to acquire information through 

authorized and open means without concealment. Overt information may be collected 

by observation, elicitation, or from knowledgeable human sources. (JP 2-01.2)

overt operation — An operation conducted openly, without concealment. See also

clandestine operation; covert operation. (JP 2-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

P

JP 1-02 183

packaged petroleum product — A petroleum product (generally a lubricant, oil, grease, or 

specialty item) normally packaged by a manufacturer and procured, stored, transported, 

and issued in containers having a fill capacity of 55 United States gallons (or 45 Imperial 

gallons, or 205 liters) or less.

packup kit — Service-provided maintenance gear sufficient for a short-term deployment, 

including spare parts and consumables most commonly needed by the deployed 

helicopter detachment. Supplies are sufficient for a short-term deployment but do not 

include all material needed for every maintenance task. Also called PUK. (JP 3-04)

parallel chains of command — In amphibious operations, a parallel system of command, 

responding to the interrelationship of participating forces, wherein corresponding 

commanders are established at each subordinate level of all components to facilitate 

coordinated planning for, and execution of, the amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

paramilitary forces — Forces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any 

country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. (JP 3-24)

partial mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces resulting from action by 

Congress (up to full mobilization) or by the President (not more than 1,000,000 for not 

more than 24 consecutive months) to mobilize Ready Reserve Component units, 

individual reservists, and the resources needed for their support to meet the requirements 

of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to the national security. 

(JP 4-05)

partner nation — A nation that the United States works with in a specific situation or 

operation. Also called PN. (JP 1)

passage of lines — An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through another 

force’s combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact with the 

enemy. (JP 3-18)

passive air defense — All measures, other than active air defense, taken to minimize the 

effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. See also

air defense. (JP 3-01)

passive defense — Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects 

of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. See also

active defense. (JP 3-60)

passive mine — 1. A mine whose anticountermining device has been operated preventing the 

firing mechanism from being actuated. 2. A mine which does not emit a signal to detect 

the presence of a target. (JP 3-15)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

184 JP 1-02

pathfinders — 1. Experienced aircraft crews who lead a formation to the drop zone, release 

point, or target. 2. Teams dropped or air landed at an objective to establish and operate 

navigational aids for the purpose of guiding aircraft to drop and landing zones. 3. A radar 

device used for navigating or homing to an objective when visibility precludes accurate 

visual navigation. 4. Teams air delivered into enemy territory for the purpose of 

determining the best approach and withdrawal lanes, landing zones, and sites for 

helicopterborne forces. (JP 3-13.3)

patient movement — The act or process of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other person 

to obtain medical and/or dental care or treatment. Functions include medical regulating, 

patient evacuation, and en route medical care. See also patient movement items; 

patient movement requirements center. (JP 4-02)

patient movement items — The medical equipment and supplies required to support patients 

during aeromedical evacuation, which is part of a standardized list of approved safe-tofly equipment. Also called PMIs. (JP 4-02)

patient movement policy — Command decision establishing the maximum number of days 

that patients may be held within the command for treatment. See also evacuation. 

(JP 4-02)

patient movement requirements center — 1. A joint activity that coordinates patient 

movement by functionally merging of joint medical regulating processes, Services’ 

medical regulating processes, and patient movement evacuation requirements planning 

(transport to bed plan). 2. Term used to represent any theater, joint or the Global Patient 

Movement Requirements Center function. Also called PMRC. (JP 4-02)

Patriot — A point and limited area defense surface-to-air missile system capable of 

intercepting aircraft and theater missiles, including short-, medium-, and intermediaterange ballistic missiles in the terminal phase. (JP 3-01)

peace building — Stability actions, predominately diplomatic and economic, that strengthen 

and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions in order to avoid a relapse into 

conflict. Also called PB. See also peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peacemaking; 

peace operations. (JP 3-07.3)

peace enforcement — Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally pursuant 

to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or sanctions 

designed to maintain or restore peace and order. See also peace building; 

peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3)

peacekeeping — Military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a 

dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, 

truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term 

political settlement. See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacemaking; 

peace operations. (JP 3-07.3)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 185

peacemaking — The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of 

peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. 

See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peace operations. 

(JP 3-07.3)

peace operations — A broad term that encompasses multiagency and multinational crisis 

response and limited contingency operations involving all instruments of national power 

with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment 

to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate 

governance. Also called PO. See also peace building; peace enforcement; 

peacekeeping; and peacemaking. (JP 3-07.3)

peacetime operating stocks — Logistic resources on hand or on order necessary to support 

day-to-day operational requirements, and which, in part, can also be used to offset 

sustaining requirements. Also called POS. (JP 4-03)

performance work statement — A statement of work for performance based acquisitions 

that describe the results in clear, specific, and objective terms with measurable outcomes. 

Also called PWS. (JP 4-10)

period — The time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit around the earth. (JP 3-14)

perishable cargo — Cargo requiring refrigeration, such as meat, fruit, fresh vegetables, and 

medical department biologicals. (JP 4-01.5)

permissive environment — Operational environment in which host country military and law 

enforcement agencies have control as well as the intent and capability to assist operations 

that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0)

persistent agent — A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties 

for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 3-11)

personal effects — All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual. Also 

called PE. See also mortuary affairs; personal property. (JP 4-06)

personal locator beacon — An emergency device carried by individuals, to assist locating 

during personnel recovery. Also called PLB. See also emergency locator beacon. 

(JP 3-50)

personal locator system — A system that provides rough range and bearing to isolated 

personnel by integrating the survival radio (if equipped with a transponder) with an 

airborne locating system, based on an encrypted communications homing system. Also 

called PLS. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

186 JP 1-02

personal property — Property of any kind or any interest therein, except real property, 

records of the United States Government, and naval vessels of the following categories: 

surface combatants, support ships, and submarines. (JP 4-06)

personal protective equipment — The protective clothing and equipment provided to shield 

or isolate a person from the chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that can be 

encountered at a hazardous materials incident. Also called PPE. See also individual 

protective equipment. (JP 3-11)

personal staff — Aides and staff officers handling special matters over which the commander 

wishes to exercise close personal control. (JP 3-33)

person authorized to direct disposition of human remains — A person, usually primary 

next of kin, who is authorized to direct disposition of human remains. Also called 

PADD. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06)

person eligible to receive effects — The person authorized by law to receive the personal 

effects of a deceased military member. Receipt of personal effects does not constitute 

ownership. Also called PERE. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. (JP 4-06)

personnel — Those individualsrequired in either a military or civilian capacity to accomplish 

the assigned mission. (JP 1-0)

personnel accountability — The process of identifying, capturing, and recording the 

personal identification information of an individual usually through the use of a database. 

(JP 1-0)

personnel effects inventory officer — An officer appointed to establish clear chain of 

custody for all personal effects of an individual from the time they establish control of 

the effects until they release the effect to mortuary affairs personnel. Also called PEIO. 

(JP 4-06)

personnel increment number — A seven-character, alphanumeric field that uniquely 

describes a non-unit-related personnel entry (line) in a Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System time-phased force and deployment data. Also called PIN. (JP 5-0)

personnel recovery — The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and 

execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. See also 

combat search and rescue; evasion; personnel; recovery; search and rescue. 

(JP 3-50)

personnel recovery coordination cell — The primary joint force component organization 

responsible for coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. 

Also called PRCC. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 187

personnel recovery task force — A force comprised of US or multinational military forces 

and/or other US agencies formed to execute a specific personnel recovery mission to 

locate, support, and recover isolated personnel. Also called PRTF. (JP 3-50)

personnel security investigation — An inquiry into the activities of an individual, designed 

to develop pertinent information pertaining to trustworthiness and suitability for a 

position of trust as related to loyalty, character, emotional stability, and reliability. Also 

called PSI. (JP 2-01)

personnel services support — Service-provided sustainment activities that support a Service 

member during both joint exercises and joint operations. Also called PSS. (JP 1-0)

petroleum, oils, and lubricants — A broad term that includes all petroleum and associated 

products used by the Armed Forces. Also called POL. (JP 4-01.6)

phase — In joint operation planning, a definitive stage of an operation or campaign during 

which a large portion of the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually 

supporting activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0)

phase line — A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an 

easily identified feature in the operational area. Also called PL. (JP 3-09)

phony minefield — An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section of a 

minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy. See also minefield. (JP 3-15)

physical characteristics — Those military characteristics of equipment that are primarily 

physical in nature. (JP 3-60)

physical damage assessment — The estimate of the quantitative extent of physical damage 

to a target resulting from the application of military force. See also battle damage 

assessment. (JP 3-60)

physical security —1. That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to 

safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, 

and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. 

(JP 3-0) 2. In communications security, the component that results from all physical 

measures necessary to safeguard classified equipment, material, and documents from 

access thereto or observation thereof by unauthorized persons. See also communications 

security; security. (JP 6-0)

placement — An individual’s proximity to information of intelligence interest. (JP 2-01.2)

plan for landing — In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually 

prepared naval and landing force documents which, taken together, present in detail all 

instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

188 JP 1-02

plan identification number — 1. A command-unique four-digit number followed by a suffix 

indicating the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan year for which the plan is written. 2. A

five-digit number representing the command-unique four-digit identifier, followed by a 

one-character, alphabetic suffix indicating the operation plan option, or a one-digit 

number numeric value indicating the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan year for which the 

plan is written. Also called PID. (JP 5-0)

planned target — Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which 

actions are planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support 

commander’s objectives. There are two subcategories of planned targets: scheduled and 

on-call. See also on-call target; operational area; scheduled target; target. (JP 3-60)

planning and direction — In intelligence usage, the determination of intelligence 

requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a 

collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies. 

See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01)

planning factor — A multiplier used in planning to estimate the amount and type of effort 

involved in a contemplated operation. (JP 5-0)

planning factors database — Databases created and maintained by the Services for the 

purpose of identifying all geospatial information and services requirements for emerging 

and existing forces and systems. Also called PFDB. See also geospatial information 

and services. (JP 2-03)

planning order — A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and directs 

the initiation of execution planning before the directing authority approves a military 

course of action. Also called PLANORD. See also execution planning. (JP 5-0)

planning phase — In amphibious operations, the phase normally denoted by the period 

extending from the issuance of the initiating directive up to the embarkation phase. See 

also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

planning team — A functional element within a joint force commander’s headquarters 

established to solve problems related to a specific task or requirement, and which 

dissolves upon completion of the assigned task. (JP 3-33)

point defense — The defense or protection of special vital elements and installations; e.g., 

command and control facilities or air bases. (JP 3-52)

pointee-talkee — A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a 

translation in a foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. See also

evasion aid. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 189

point of employment — In distribution operations, a physical location designated by the 

commander at the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity 

consumption occurs. (JP 4-09) 

point of need — In distribution operations, a physical location within a desired operational 

area designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as 

a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption. (JP 4-09) 

point of origin — In distribution operations, the beginning point of a deployment, 

redeployment, or movement where forces or materiel are located. (JP 4-09) 

polar orbit — A satellite orbit that passes over the North and South Poles on each orbit, has 

an angle of inclination relative to the equator of 90 degrees, and eventually passes over 

all points on the earth. (JP 3-14)

population at risk — The strength in personnel of a given force structure in terms of which 

casualty rates are stated. Also called PAR. (JP 4-02)

port complex — One or more port areas whose activities are geographically linked either 

because these areas are dependent on a common inland transport system or because they 

constitute a common initial destination for convoys. (JP 4-01.5)

port of debarkation — The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. 

Also called POD. See also port of embarkation. (JP 4-0)

port of embarkation — The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or 

personnel depart. Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 4-01.2)

port operations group — A task-organized unit, located at the seaport of embarkation and/or 

debarkation that assists and provides support in the loading and/or unloading and staging 

of personnel, supplies, and equipment from shipping. Also called POG. See also 

landing force support party; task organization. (JP 3-35)

port security — The safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, waterfront facilities, and cargo 

from internal threats such as destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other subversive 

acts; accidents; thefts; or other causes of similar nature. See also physical security; 

security. (JP 3-10)

port support activity — A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization station 

assets that ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. Also called 

PSA. See also support. (JP 3-35)

positive control — A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, 

tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means by 

an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

190 JP 1-02

positive identification — An identification derived from observation and analysis of target 

characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non-cooperative 

target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based 

identification techniques. (JP 3-01)

post-launch abort — Deliberate action taken post-separation to cause a precision munition 

to miss its target. Also called PLA. (JP 3-09.3)

precipitation static — Charged precipitation particles that strike antennas and gradually 

charge the antenna, which ultimately discharges across the insulator, causing a burst of 

static. Also called P-STATIC. (JP 3-13.1)

precise time and time interval — A reference value of time and time interval (frequency). 

Also called PTTI. (JP 3-59)

precision-guided munition — A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and 

minimize collateral damage. Also called PGM, smart weapon, smart munition. 

(JP 3-03)

prelanding operations — Operations conducted by the amphibious force upon its arrival in 

the amphibious objective area or operational area and prior to H-hour and/or L-hour. 

(JP 3-02)

preparation of the environment —An umbrella term for operations and activities conducted 

by selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment for potential 

future special operations. Also called PE. (JP 3-05)

prepare to deploy order — An order issued by competent authority to move forces or 

prepare forces for movement (e.g., increase deployability posture of units). Also called 

PTDO. (JP 5-0)

preplanned air support — Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance of 

operations. (JP 3-09.3)

pre-position — To place military units, equipment, or supplies at or near the point of planned 

use or at a designated location to reduce reaction time, and to ensure timely support of a 

specific force during initial phases of an operation. (JP 4-0)

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, balance — That portion of the 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement that has not been acquired or funded. 

This level consists of the pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, less the prepositioned war reserve requirement, protectable.

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, protectable — That portion of the 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement that is protected for purposes of 

procurement, funding, and inventory management.
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 191

pre-positioned war reserve stock — The assets that are designated to satisfy the prepositioned war reserve materiel requirement. Also called PWRS.

presail — The time prior to a ship getting under way used to prepare for at-sea events. 

(JP 3-04)

Presidential Reserve Call-up — Provision of a public law (Title 10, United States Code, 

Section 12304) that provides the President a means to activate, without a declaration of 

national emergency, not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve and the 

Individual Ready Reserve (of whom not more than 30,000 may be members of the 

Individual Ready Reserve), for not more than 365 days to meet the requirements of any 

operational mission, other than for disaster relief or to suppress insurrection. Also called 

PRC. See also Individual Ready Reserve; mobilization; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05)

pressure mine — 1. In land mine warfare, a mine whose fuse responds to the direct pressure 

of a target. 2. In naval mine warfare, a mine whose circuit responds to the hydrodynamic 

pressure field of a target. See also mine. (JP 3-15) 

prevention —In space usage, measures to preclude an adversary’s hostile use of United States 

or third-party space systems and services. See also space control. (JP 3-14)

prevention of mutual interference — In submarine operations, procedures established to 

prevent submerged collisions between friendly submarines, between submarines and 

friendly surface ship towed bodies and arrays, and between submarines and any other 

hazards to submerged navigation. Also called PMI. (JP 3-32)

preventive maintenance — The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of 

maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for 

systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they 

occur or before they develop into major defects. (JP 4-02)

preventive medicine — The anticipation, communication, prediction, identification, 

prevention, education, risk assessment, and control of communicable diseases, illnesses 

and exposure to endemic, occupational, and environmental threats. Also called 

PVNTMED. (JP 4-02)

primary agency — The federal department or agency assigned primary responsibility for 

managing and coordinating a specific emergency support function in the National 

Response Framework. (JP 3-28)

primary control officer — In amphibious operations, the officer embarked in a primary 

control ship assigned to control the movement of landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and 

landing ships to and from a colored beach. Also called PCO. (JP 3-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

192 JP 1-02

primary control ship — In amphibious operations, a ship of the task force designated to 

provide support for the primary control officer and a combat information center control 

team for a colored beach. Also called PCS. (JP 3-02)

primary flight control — The controlling agency on air-capable ships that is responsible for 

air traffic control of aircraft within 5 nautical miles of the ship. On most Coast

Guard cutters, primary flight control duties are performed by a combat information 

center, and the term “PRIFLY” is not used. Also called PRIFLY. (JP 3-04)

primary review authority — The organization, within the lead agent's chain of command, 

that is assigned by the lead agent to perform the actions and coordination necessary to 

develop and maintain the assigned joint publication under the cognizance of the lead 

agent. Also called PRA. See also joint publication; lead agent. (CJCSM 5120.01)

prime contract — A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States 

Government for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of 

any kind. (JP 4-10)

prime vendor — A contracting process that provides commercial products to regionally 

grouped military and federal customers from commercial distributors using electronic 

commerce. Also called PV. See also distribution system. (JP 4-09)

principal federal official — The federal official designated by the Secretary of Homeland 

Security to act as his/her representative locally to oversee, coordinate, and execute the 

Secretary’s incident management responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential 

Directive 5. Also called PFO. (JP 3-41)

principal officer — The officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular office, or other 

Foreign Service post, such as a United States liaison office. (JP 3-08)

priority designator — A two-digit issue and priority code placed in military standard 

requisitioning and issue procedure requisitions to provide a means of assigning relative 

rankings to competing demands placed on the Department of Defense supply system. 

(JP 4-01)

priority intelligence requirement — An intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for 

intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or 

other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. See also information 

requirements; intelligence; intelligence process; intelligence requirement. (JP 2-01)

prisoner of war — A detained person (as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva 

Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who, 

while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the armed 

forces of the enemy. Also called POW or PW. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 193

private sector — An umbrella term that may be applied to any or all of the nonpublic or 

commercial individuals and businesses, specified nonprofit organizations, most of 

academia and other scholastic institutions, and selected nongovernmental organizations. 

(JP 3-57)

privity of contract — The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties. 

(JP 4-10)

probability of damage — The probability that damage will occur to a target expressed as a 

percentage or as a decimal. Also called PD. (JP 3-60)

procedural control — A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of 

previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52)

procedural identification — An identification based on observation and analysis of target 

behaviors including location and trajectory, as well as compliance with airspace control 

measures. (JP 3-01)

procedures — Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks. See also 

tactics; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01)

procedure word — A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate 

communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called

proword. (JP 3-09.3)

processing — A system of operations designed to convert raw data into useful information. 

(JP 2-0)

processing and exploitation — In intelligence usage, the conversion of collected information 

into forms suitable to the production of intelligence. See also intelligence process. 

(JP 2-01)

process owner — The head of a Department of Defense component assigned a responsibility 

by the Secretary of Defense when process improvement involves more than one Service 

or Department of Defense component. (JP 4-0)

procurement lead time — The interval in time between the initiation of procurement action 

and receipt of the products or services purchased as the result of such actions. (JP 4-10)

procuring contracting officer — A contracting officer who initiates and signs the contract. 

Also called PCO. See also administrative contracting officer; contracting officer. 

(JP 4-10)

production base — The total national industrial production capacity available for the 

manufacture of items to meet materiel requirements. (JP 4-05)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

194 JP 1-02

production logistics — That part of logistics concerning research, design, development, 

manufacture, and acceptance of materiel. In consequence, production logistics includes: 

standardization and interoperability, contracting, quality assurance, initial provisioning, 

transportability, reliability and defect analysis, safety standards, specifications and 

production processes, trials and testing (including provision of necessary facilities), 

equipment documentation, configuration control, and modifications.

production requirement — An intelligence requirement that cannot be met by current 

analytical products resulting in tasking to produce a new product that can meet this 

intelligence requirement. Also called PR. (JP 2-0)

proof — To verify that a breached lane is free of live mines by passing a mine roller or other 

mine-resistant vehicle through as the lead vehicle. (JP 3-15)

property — 1. Anything that may be owned. 2. As used in the military establishment, this 

term is usually confined to tangible property, including real estate and materiel. For 

special purposes and as used in certain statutes, this term may exclude such items as the 

public domain, certain lands, certain categories of naval vessels, and records of the 

Federal Government.

protected emblems — The red cross, red crescent, and other symbols that designate that 

persons, places, or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war.

(JP 3-60)

protected frequencies — Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a particular 

operation, identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently jammed by 

friendly forces while active electronic warfare operations are directed against hostile 

forces. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

protected persons/places — Persons (such as enemy prisoners of war) and places (such as 

hospitals) that enjoy special protections under the law of war. They may or may not be 

marked with protected emblems. (JP 1-04)

protection —1. Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military 

and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure 

deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. (JP 3-

0) 2. In space usage, active and passive defensive measures to ensure that United States 

and friendly space systems perform as designed by seeking to overcome an adversary’s 

attempts to negate them and to minimize damage if negation is attempted. See also 

mission-oriented protective posture; space control. (JP 3-14)

protection of shipping — The use of proportionate force, when necessary for the protection 

of US flag vessels and aircraft, US citizens (whether embarked in US or foreign vessels), 

and their property against unlawful violence. (JP 3-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 195

protective clothing — Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect 

personnel against hazards. (JP 3-11)

protective minefield — 1. In land mine warfare, a minefield employed to assist a unit in its 

local, close-in protection. 2. In naval mine warfare, a minefield emplaced in friendly 

territorial waters to protect ports, harbors, anchorages, coasts, and coastal routes. See 

also minefield. (JP 3-15)

provincial reconstruction team — A civil-military team designed to improve stability in a 

given area by helping build the legitimacy and effectiveness of a host nation local or 

provincial government in providing security to its citizens and delivering essential 

government services. Also called PRT. (JP 3-57)

public affairs — Those public information, command information, and community 

engagement activities directed toward both the external and internal publics with interest 

in the Department of Defense. Also called PA. See also command information; public 

information. (JP 3-61)

public affairs assessment — An analysis of the news media and public environments to 

evaluate the degree of understanding about strategic and operational objectives and 

military activities and to identify levels of public support. It includes judgments about 

the public affairs impact of pending decisions and recommendations about the structure 

of public affairs support for the assigned mission. See also assessment; public affairs. 

(JP 3-61)

public affairs guidance — Constraints and restraints established by proper authority 

regarding public information, command information, and community relations activities. 

It may also address the method(s), timing, location, and other details governing the 

release of information to the public. Also called PAG. See also public affairs. 

(JP 3-61)

public diplomacy — 1. Those overt international public information activities of the United 

States Government designed to promote United States foreign policy objectives by 

seeking to understand, inform, and influence foreign audiences and opinion makers, and 

by broadening the dialogue between American citizens and institutions and their 

counterparts abroad. 2. In peace building, civilian agency efforts to promote an 

understanding of the reconstruction efforts, rule of law, and civic responsibility through 

public affairs and international public diplomacy operations. (JP 3-07.3)

public information — Within public affairs, that information of a military nature, the 

dissemination of which is consistent with security and approved for release. (JP 3-61)

public key infrastructure — An enterprise-wide service that supports digital signatures and 

other public key-based security mechanisms for Department of Defense functional 

enterprise programs, including generation, production, distribution, control, and 

accounting of public key certificates. Also called PKI. (JP 2-03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

196 JP 1-02

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Q

JP 1-02 197

Q-route — A system of preplanned shipping lanes in mined or potentially mined waters used 

to minimize the area the mine countermeasures commander has to keep clear of mines 

in order to provide safe passage for friendly shipping. (JP 3-15)

quadruple container — A 57.5 inches x 96 inches x 96 inches container box with a metal 

frame, pallet base, and International Organization for Standardization corner fittings;

four of these boxes can be lashed together to form a 20-foot American National Standards 

Institute or International Organization for Standardization intermodal container. Also 

called QUADCON. (JP 4-09) 

qualifying entity — A non-governmental organization to which the Department of Defense 

may provide assistance for special events by virtue of statute, regulation, policy, or other 

approval by the Secretary of Defense or his or her authorized designee. 

(DODD 3025.18)

quay — A structure of solid construction along a shore or bank that provides berthing and 

generally provides cargo-handling facilities. See also wharf. (JP 4-01.5)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

198 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
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R

JP 1-02 199

radiation dose — The total amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by material or tissues. See 

also exposure dose. (JP 3-11)

radiation dose rate — Measurement of radiation dose per unit of time. (JP 3-11)

radiation exposure status — Criteria to assist the commander in measuring unit exposure to 

radiation based on total past cumulative dose, normally expressed in centigray. Also 

called RES. (JP 3-11)

radio frequency countermeasures — Any device or technique employing radio frequency 

materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, 

particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called 

RF CM. (JP 3-13.1)

radiological dispersal device — An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear 

explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material in order to cause 

destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11)

radiological exposure device — A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death. Also 

called RED. (JP 3-11)

raid — An operation to temporarily seize an area in order to secure information, confuse an 

adversary, capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a 

planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0)

railhead — A point on a railway where loads are transferred between trains and other means 

of transport. (JP 4-09)

Rangers — Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct 

highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other 

special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05)

Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer. Air Force 

units wartime-structured to provide a heavy engineer capability that are mobile, rapidly 

deployable, and largely self-sufficient for limited periods of time. Also called RED 

HORSE. (JP 3-34)

rapid global mobility — The timely movement, positioning, and sustainment of 

military forces and capabilities across the range of military operations. See also 

mobility. (JP 3-17) 

rationalization — Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied forces through more 

efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the alliance. (JP 3-16)
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200 JP 1-02

R-day — Redeployment day.

reachback — The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or 

equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30)

readiness — The ability of military forces to fight and meet the demands of assigned 

missions. See also national military strategy. (JP 1)

Ready Reserve — The Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve liable for active duty 

as prescribed by law (Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10142, 12301, and 12302). 

See also active duty; Individual Ready Reserve; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05)

ready-to-load date — The date when a unit will be ready to move from the origin, i.e., 

mobilization station. Also called RLD. (JP 5-0)

Realistic Military Training — Department of Defense training conducted off federal property 

utilizing private or non-federal public property and infrastructure. (DODI 1322.28)

real property — Lands, buildings, structures, utilities systems, improvements, and 

appurtenances, thereto that includes equipment attached to and made part of buildings 

and structures, but not movable equipment. (JP 3-34)

reattack recommendation — An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage 

assessment and munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander 

systematic advice on reattack of a target. Also called RR. See also assessment; battle 

damage assessment; munitions effectiveness assessment; target. (JP 3-60)

receiving ship — The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the rig(s). (JP 4-03)

reception — 1. All ground arrangements connected with the delivery and disposition of air 

or sea drops. 2. Arrangements to welcome and provide secure quarters or transportation 

for defectors, escapees, evaders, or incoming agents. 3. The process of receiving, offloading, marshalling, accounting for, and transporting of personnel, equipment, and 

materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface 

transportation point of debarkation to the marshalling area. (JP 3-35)

recognition — 1. The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of 

objects such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of phenomena such as communicationselectronics patterns. 2. In ground combat operations, the determination that an object is

similar within a category of something already known. (JP 3-01)

recognition signal — Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units may identify each 

other. (JP 3-50)

reconnaissance — A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection 

methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 201

secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics 

of a particular area. Also called RECON. (JP 2-0)

recovery — 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission that involves the return of 

an aircraft to a land base or platform afloat. (JP 3-52) 2. The retrieval of a mine from 

the location where emplaced. (JP 3-15) 3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to 

physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control. (JP 3-

50) 4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly 

control or repair at another location. See also evader; evasion; recovery force. 

(JP 3-34)

recovery and reconstitution — 1. Those actions taken by one nation prior to, during, and 

following an attack by an enemy nation to minimize the effects of the attack, rehabilitate 

the national economy, provide for the welfare of the populace, and maximize the combat 

potential of remaining forces and supporting activities. 2. Those actions taken by a 

military force during or after operational employment to restore its combat capability to 

full operational readiness. See also recovery. (JP 3-35)

recovery force — In personnel recovery, an organization consisting of personnel and 

equipment with a mission of locating, supporting, and recovering isolated personnel, and 

returning them to friendly control. See also evader; evasion; recovery operations. 

(JP 3-50)

recovery mechanism — Designated indigenous or surrogate infrastructure that is specifically 

developed, trained, and directed by US forces to contact, authenticate, support, move, 

and exfiltrate designated isolated personnel from uncertain or hostile areas back to 

friendly control. Also called RM. (JP 3-50)

recovery operations — Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and 

return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to 

national security. (JP 3-50)

recovery site — In personnel recovery, an area from which isolated personnel can be 

recovered. See also escapee; evader; evasion. (JP 3-50)

recovery team — In personnel recovery, designated US or US-directed forces, who are 

specifically trained to operate in conjunction with indigenous or surrogate forces, and are 

tasked to contact, authenticate, support, move, and exfiltrate isolated personnel. Also 

called RT. (JP 3-50)

recovery vehicle — In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are 

boarded and transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50)

redeployment — The transfer or rotation of forces and materiel to support another joint force 

commander’s operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

202 JP 1-02

to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. See 

also deployment. (JP 3-35)

red team — An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that 

provide an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations in 

the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries and 

others. (JP 2-0)

reduced operating status — Military Sealift Command ships withdrawn from full operating 

status because of decreased operational requirements. Also called ROS. See also 

Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2)

reduction — The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the 

attacking ground force. (JP 3-15)

refraction — The process by which the direction of a wave is changed when moving into 

shallow water at an angle to the bathymetric contours. (JP 4-01.6)

refugee — A person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of 

race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, 

is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is 

unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. See also dislocated 

civilian; displaced person; evacuee; stateless person. (JP 3-29)

regimental landing team — A task organization for landing composed of an infantry 

regiment reinforced by those elements that are required for initiation of its combat 

function ashore. (JP 3-02)

regional air defense commander — Commander, subordinate to the area air defense 

commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned regionand

exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called 

RADC. (JP 3-01)

regional liaison group — A combined Department of State-Department of Defense element 

collocated with a combatant command for the purpose of coordinating post emergency 

evacuation plans. Also called RLG. (JP 3-68)

regional response coordination center — A standing facility that is activated to coordinate 

regional response efforts, until a joint field office is established and/or the principal 

federal official, federal or coordinating officer can assume their National Response 

Framework coordination responsibilities. Also called RRCC. (JP 3-28)

regional satellite communications support center — United States Strategic Command 

operational element responsible for providing the operational communications planners 

with a point of contact for accessing and managing satellite communications resources. 

Also called RSSC. (JP 3-14)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 203

regional security officer — A security officer responsible to the chief of mission 

(ambassador), for security functions of all United States embassies and consulates in a 

given country or group of adjacent countries. Also called RSO. (JP 3-10)

rehabilitative care — Therapy that provides evaluations and treatment programs using 

exercises, massage, or electrical therapeutic treatment to restore, reinforce, or enhance 

motor performance and restores patients to functional health allowing for their return to 

duty or discharge from the Service. Also called restorative care. See also patient 

movement policy; theater. (JP 4-02)

rehearsal phase — In amphibious operations, the period during which the prospective 

operation is practiced. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

reinforcing obstacles — Those obstacles specifically constructed, emplaced, or detonated 

through military effort and designed to strengthen existing terrain to disrupt, fix, turn, or 

block enemy movement. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15)

reintegrate — In personnel recovery, the task of conducting appropriate debriefings and 

reintegrating recovered isolated personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50)

release altitude — Altitude of an aircraft above the ground at the time of ordnance release. 

(JP 3-09.3)

relief in place — An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a unit 

is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced 

elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the 

incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3)

religious advisement — The practice of informing the commander on the impact of religion 

on joint operations to include, but not limited to: worship, rituals, customs, and practices 

of US military personnel, international forces, and the indigenous population; as well as 

the impact of military operations on the religious and humanitarian dynamics in the 

operational area. (JP 1-05)

religious affairs — The combination of religious support and religious advisement. 

(JP 1-05)

religious support — Chaplain-facilitated free exercise of religion through worship, religious 

and pastoral counseling services, ceremonial honors for the fallen, crisis intervention, 

and advice to the commander on ethical and moral issues, and morale as affected by 

religion. Also called RS. See also combatant command chaplain; command 

chaplain; religious support team. (JP 1-05)

religious support team — A team, comprised of at least one chaplain and one enlisted 

support person, that works together in designing, implementing, and executing the 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

204 JP 1-02

command religious program. Also called RST. See also combatant command 

chaplain; command chaplain; religious support. (JP 1-05)

remain-behind equipment — Unit equipment left by deploying forces at their bases when 

they deploy. (JP 4-05)

render safe procedures — The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures 

involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to 

provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of 

unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-15.1)

rendezvous area — In an amphibious operation, the area in which the landing craft and 

amphibious vehicles rendezvous to form waves after being loaded, and prior to 

movement to the line of departure. (JP 3-02)

repairable item — An item that can be reconditioned or economically repaired for reuse 

when it becomes unserviceable. (JP 4-09) 

repair cycle —The stages through which a repairable item passes from the time of its removal 

or replacement until it is reinstalled or placed in stock in a serviceable condition. 

(JP 4-09) 

repatriate — A person who returns to his or her country or citizenship, having left said native 

country either against his or her will, or as one of a group who left for reason of politics, 

religion, or other pertinent reasons.

repatriation — 1. The procedure whereby American citizens and their families are officially 

processed back into the United States subsequent to an evacuation. See also evacuation. 

(JP 3-68) 2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their own country in 

accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of 

War. (JP 1-0)

reportable incident — Any suspected or alleged violation of Department of Defense policy 

or of other related orders, policies, procedures or applicable law, for which there is 

credible information. (JP 3-63)

request for assistance — A request based on mission requirements and expressed in terms 

of desired outcome, formally asking the Department of Defense to provide assistance to 

a local, state, tribal, or other federal agency. Also called RFA. (JP 3-28)

request for information — 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for intelligence 

information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not necessarily related 

to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. 2. A term used by the 

National Security Agency/Central Security Service to state ad hoc signals intelligence 

requirements. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0)
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JP 1-02 205

required delivery date — The date that a force must arrive at the destination and complete 

unloading. Also called RDD. (JP 5-0)

requirements determination — All activities necessary to develop, consolidate, coordinate, 

validate, approve, and prioritize joint force contract support requirements. (JP 4-10)

requirements development — The process of defining actual contract support requirements 

and capturing these requirements in acquisition ready contract support requirements 

packages. (JP 4-10)

requirements management system — A system for the management of theater and national 

imagery collection requirements that provides automated tools for users in support of 

submission, review, and validation of imagery nominations as requirements to be tasked 

on national or Department of Defense imagery collection, production, and exploitation 

resources. Also called RMS. See also imagery. (JP 2-01)

requiring activity — A military or other designated supported organization that identifies 

and receives contracted support during military operations. See also supported unit. 

(JP 4-10)

rescue combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over that portion of an objective area 

in which recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting and 

destroying hostile aircraft. Also called RESCAP. See also combat air patrol. 

(JP 3-50)

rescue coordination center — A unit, recognized by International Civil Aviation 

Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international 

body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services and 

coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and rescue 

region. Also called RCC. (JP 3-50)

reserve — 1. Portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear, or withheld from action at 

the beginning of an engagement, in order to be available for a decisive movement. 2. 

Members of the uniformed Services who are not in active service but who are subject to 

call to active duty. 3. Portion of an appropriation or contract authorization held or set 

aside for future operations or contingencies and, in respect to which, administrative 

authorization to incur commitments or obligations has been withheld. See also

operational reserve. (JP 4-05)

Reserve Component — The Armed Forces of the United States Reserve Component consists 

of the Army National Guard of the United States, the Army Reserve, the Navy Reserve,

the Marine Corps Reserve, the Air National Guard of the United States, the Air Force 

Reserve, and the Coast Guard Reserve. Also called RC. See also component; reserve. 

(JP 4-05)
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206 JP 1-02

reserved obstacles — Those demolition obstacles that are deemed critical to the plan for 

which the authority to detonate is reserved by the designating commander. See also

obstacle. (JP 3-15)

reset — A set of actions to restore equipment to a desired level of combat capability 

commensurate with a unit’s future mission. (JP 4-0)

resettled person — A refugee or an internally displaced person wishing to return somewhere 

other than his or her previous home or land within the country or area of original 

displacement. (JP 3-29)

residual forces — Undeployed United States forces that have an immediate combat potential 

for continued military operations, and that have been deliberately withheld from 

utilization. (JP 4-09)

residual radiation — Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of radioactive 

material, or irradiation that results from a nuclear explosion and persists longer than one 

minute after burst. See also contamination; initial radiation. (JP 3-11)

resistance movement — An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a 

country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt 

civil order and stability. (JP 3-05)

resource management — A financial management function that provides advice and 

guidance to the commander to develop command resource requirements. Also called 

RM. See also financial management. (JP 1-06)

resources — The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or allocated to 

the commander of a unified or specified command. (JP 1)

rest and recuperation — The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a combat 

area for short periods of rest and recuperation. Also called R&R. (JP 1-0)

restraint — In the context of joint operation planning, a requirement placed on the command 

by a higher command that prohibits an action, thus restricting freedom of action. See 

also constraint; operational limitation. (JP 5-0)

restricted area — 1. An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special restrictive measures 

employed to prevent or minimize interference between friendly forces. 2. An area under 

military jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to prevent 

unauthorized entry. See also restricted areas (air).

restricted areas (air) — Designated areas established by appropriate authority over which 

flight of aircraft is restricted. See also restricted area. (JP 3-52)
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JP 1-02 207

restricted items list — A document listing those logistic goods and services for which nations 

must coordinate any contracting activity with a commander’s centralized contracting 

organization. (JP 4-08)

restricted operations zone — Airspace reserved for specific activities in which the 

operations of one or more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROZ. (JP 3-52)

restricted reporting — Reporting option that allows sexual assault victims to confidentially 

disclose the assault to specified individual and receive medical treatment without 

triggering an official investigation. (JP 1-0)

restricted target — A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions 

authorized against it due to operational considerations. See also target. (JP 3-60)

restricted target list — A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force 

and approved by the joint force commander or directed by higher authorities. Also called 

RTL. See also restricted target; target. (JP 3-60)

restrictive fire area — An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which 

fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the 

establishing headquarters. Also called RFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09)

restrictive fire line — A line established between converging friendly surface forces that 

prohibits fires or their effects across that line. Also called RFL. See also fires. 

(JP 3-09)

resupply — The act of replenishing stocks in order to maintain required levels of supply. 

(JP 4-09)

resuscitative care — Advanced emergency medical treatment required to prevent immediate 

loss of life or limb and to attain stabilization to ensure the patient could tolerate 

evacuation. (JP 4-02)

retained personnel — Detainees who fall into one of the following categories: a. Designated 

enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are exclusively engaged 

in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or sick, or the 

prevention of disease; b. Staff of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and that 

of other volunteer aid societies, duly recognized and authorized by their governments to 

assist medical service personnel of their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively 

engaged in the search for, or the collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or 

in the prevention of disease, and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to 

military laws and regulations; c. Chaplains attached to enemy armed forces. Also called 

RP. See also personnel. (JP 3-63)

Retired Reserve — All reserve members who receive retirement pay on the basis of their 

active duty and/or reserve service; those members who are otherwise eligible for 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

208 JP 1-02

retirement pay but have not reached age 60 and who have not elected discharge and are 

not voluntary members of the Ready Reserve or Standby Reserve. See also active duty; 

Ready Reserve; Standby Reserve. (JP 4-05)

retrograde — The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a 

forward location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to 

another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock 

requirements. (JP 4-09) 

returned to military control — The status of a person whose casualty status of “duty 

status - whereabouts unknown” or “missing” has been changed due to the person’s return 

or recovery by US military authority. Also called RMC. 

returnee — A displaced person who has returned voluntarily to his or her former place of 

residence. (JP 3-29)

return to base — An order to proceed to the point indicated by the displayed information or 

by verbal communication. Also called RTB. (JP 3-01)

revolving fund account — An account authorized by specific provisions of law to finance a 

continuing cycle of business-type operations, and which are authorized to incur 

obligations and expenditures that generate receipts. (JP 1-06)

riot control agent — Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the 

Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons 

and on their Destruction that can produce rapidly in humans sensory irritation or 

disabling physical effects that disappear within a short time following termination of 

exposure. Also called RCA. See also chemical warfare. (JP 3-11)

rising mine — In naval mine warfare, a mine having positive buoyancy which is released 

from a sinker by a ship influence or by a timing device. (JP 3-15)

risk — Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards. See also hazard; risk 

management. (JP 5-0)

risk assessment — The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk 

management process). Also called RA. (JP 3-07.2)

risk management — The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising from 

operational factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. 

Also called RM. See also risk. (JP 3-0)

riverine operations — Operations conducted by forces organized to cope with and exploit 

the unique characteristics of a riverine area, to locate and destroy hostile forces, and/or 

to achieve or maintain control of the riverine area. (JP 3-32)
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JP 1-02 209

road net — The system of roads available within a particular locality or area. (JP 4-01.5)

role specialist nation — A nation that has agreed to assume responsibility for providing a 

particular class of supply or service for all or part of the multinational force. Also called 

RSN. See also lead nation; multinational force. (JP 4-08)

roll-on/roll-off discharge facility — A platform made up of causeway sections that provide 

a means of embarking and disembarking vehicles from a roll-on and roll-off ship at sea 

to lighterage. Also called RRDF. See also facility; lighterage. (JP 4-01.6)

rough terrain container handler — A piece of materials handling equipment used to pick 

up and move containers. Also called RTCH. (JP 4-01.6)

route classification — Classification assigned to a route using factors of minimum width, 

worst route type, least bridge, raft, or culvert military load classification, and obstructions 

to traffic flow. (JP 3-34)

rules of engagement — Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the 

circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or 

continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. See also

law of war. (JP 1-04)

ruse — In military deception, a trick of war designed to deceive the adversary, usually 

involving the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary’s intelligence 

collection system. (JP 3-13.4)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

210 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

S

JP 1-02 211

sabotage — An act or acts with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense 

of a country by willfully injuring or destroying, or attempting to injure or destroy, any 

national defense or war materiel, premises, or utilities, to include human and natural 

resources. (JP 2-01.2)

safe area — A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader or escapee a 

reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until he or she can be evacuated. 

(JP 3-50)

safe haven — 1. Designated area(s) to which noncombatants of the United States 

Government’s responsibility and commercial vehicles and materiel may be evacuated 

during a domestic or other valid emergency. (JP 3-68) 2. A protected body of water or 

the well deck of an amphibious ship used by small craft operating offshore for refuge 

from storms or heavy seas. (JP 4-01.6)

safe house — An innocent-appearing house or premises established by an organization for 

the purpose of conducting clandestine or covert activity in relative security. (JP 3-07.2)

safing — As applied to weapons and ammunition, the changing from a state of readiness for 

initiation to a safe condition. Also called de-arming. (JP 3-09.3)

salvage — 1. Property that has some value in excess of its basic material content but is in 

such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit and its 

repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impractical. 2. The saving or rescuing 

of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein for 

reuse, refabrication, or scrapping. (JP 4-0)

sanction enforcement — Operations that employ coercive measures to control the movement 

of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area. (JP 3-0)

scheduled target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for 

prosecution at a specified time. See also planned target; target. (JP 3-60)

schedule of fire — Groups or series of fires that are fired in a definite sequence according to 

a definite program. (JP 3-09)

scheme of fires — The detailed, logical sequence of targets and fire support events to find 

and engage targets to support the commander’s objectives. (JP 3-09)

scheme of maneuver — The central expression of the commander’s concept for operations 

that governs the design of supporting plans or annexes of how arrayed forces will 

accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0)
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212 JP 1-02

scientific and technical intelligence — The product resulting from the collection, evaluation, 

analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information that covers: a. 

foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied engineering techniques; 

and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of all foreign 

military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the research and development 

related thereto; and the production methods employed for their manufacture. Also called 

S&TI. See also intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-01)

screening — In intelligence, the evaluation of an individual or a group of individuals to 

determine their potential to answer collection requirements or to identify individuals who 

match a predetermined source profile coupled with the process of identifying and 

assessing the areas of knowledge, cooperation, and possible approach techniques for an 

individual who has information of intelligence value. (JP 2-01.2)

sea areas — Areas in the amphibious objective area designated for the stationing of 

amphibious task force ships. See also amphibious objective area; fire support area; 

inner transport area; sea echelon area. (JP 3-02)

sea barge — A type of barge-ship that can carry up to 38 loaded barges and also carry tugs, 

stacked causeway sections, various watercraft, or heavy lift equipment to better support 

joint logistics over-the-shore operations. Also called SEABEE. (JP 4-01.2)

seabasing — The deployment, assembly, command, projection, reconstitution, sustainment, 

and re-employment of joint power from the sea without reliance on land bases within the 

operational area. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)

sea control operations — The employment of forces to destroy enemy naval forces, suppress 

enemy sea commerce, protect vital sea lanes, and establish local military superiority in 

vital sea areas. See also land control operations. (JP 3-32)

sea echelon — A portion of the amphibious warfare ships or other ships that withdraws from 

or remains out of the transport area during an amphibious landing and operates in 

designated areas to seaward in an on-call or unscheduled status. (JP 3-02)

sea echelon area — In amphibious operations, an area to seaward of a transport area from 

which ships are phased into the transport area, and to which ships withdraw from the 

transport area. (JP 3-02)

sea echelon plan — In amphibious operations, the distribution plan for amphibious shipping 

in the transport area to minimize losses due to enemy attack by weapons of mass 

destruction and to reduce the area to be swept of mines. See also amphibious operation. 

(JP 3-02)

SEAL delivery vehicle team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped 

to conduct special operations with SEAL delivery vehicles, dry deck shelters, and other 

submersible platforms. (JP 3-05)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 213

sealift enhancement features — Special equipment and modifications that adapt merchanttype dry cargo ships and tankers to specific military missions. Also called SEFs. See 

also Military Sealift Command; Ready Reserve. (JP 4-01.2)

SEAL team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special 

operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments. (JP 3-05)

seaport — A land facility designated for reception of personnel or materiel moved by sea, 

and that serves as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in 

which located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 4-01.2)

search — A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have 

passed within visibility. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue — The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue 

teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a 

permissive environment. Also called SAR. See also combat search and rescue; 

isolated personnel; joint personnel recovery center; personnel recovery 

coordination cell. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue numerical encryption grid — A predesignated ten-letter word without 

repeated letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt 

numerical data such as position, time, headings, etc., in a covert manner. Also called 

SARNEG. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue point — A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated 

personnel provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue region — An area of defined dimensions, recognized by the International 

Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant 

international body, and associated with a rescue coordination center within which search 

and rescue services are provided. See also inland search and rescue region. (JP 3-50)

sea state — A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher seas by wave height. 

(JP 4-01.6)

secondary loads — Unit equipment, supplies, and major end items that are transported in the 

beds of organic vehicles. (JP 3-02.1)

secret — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the national 

security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. 

(EO 13526)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

214 JP 1-02

SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network — The worldwide SECRET-level packet 

switch network that uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity Defense 

Information Systems Network circuitry. Also called SIPRNET. See also Defense 

Information Systems Network. (JP 6-0)

section — 1. As applied to ships or naval aircraft, a tactical subdivision of a division. 2. A 

subdivision of an office, installation, territory, works, or organization; especially a major 

subdivision of a staff. 3. A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps smaller than a 

platoon and larger than a squad. 4. An area in a warehouse extending from one wall to 

the next; usually the largest subdivision of one floor. (JP 3-33)

sector air defense commander — Commander subordinate to an area/regional air defense 

commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned sector and 

exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander. Also called 

SADC. (JP 3-01)

security — 1. Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself 

against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) 2. A 

condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures 

that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. (JP 3-10) 3. With 

respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having 

access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national security. See 

also national security. (JP 2-0)

security assistance — Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, 

as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, or other related 

statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, and other 

defense-related services by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of national 

policies and objectives. Security assistance is an element of security cooperation funded 

and authorized by Department of State to be administered by Department of 

Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Also called SA. See also security 

cooperation. (JP 3-22)

security classification — A category to which national security information and material is 

assigned to denote the degree of damage that unauthorized disclosure would cause to 

national defense or foreign relations of the United States and to denote the degree of 

protection required. There are three such categories: top secret, secret, and 

confidential. See also classification; security. (EO 13526)

security clearance — An administrative determination by competent authority that an 

individual is eligible for access to classified information. (JP 1-0)

security cooperation — All Department of Defense interactions with foreign defense 

establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, 

develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 215

operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host 

nation. Also called SC. See also security assistance. (JP 3-22)

security cooperation organization — All Department of Defense elements located in a 

foreign country with assigned responsibilities for carrying out security 

assistance/cooperation management functions. It includes military assistance 

advisory groups, military missions and groups, offices of defense and military 

cooperation, liaison groups, and defense attaché personnel designated to perform 

security assistance/cooperation functions. Also called SCO. (JP 3-22)

security countermeasures — Those protective activities required to prevent espionage, 

sabotage, theft, or unauthorized use of classified or controlled information, systems, or 

material of the Department of Defense. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

security force assistance — The Department of Defense activities that contribute to unified 

action by the US Government to support the development of the capacity and capability 

of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22)

security forces — Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of 

a state. (JP 3-22)

security review — The process of reviewing information and products prior to public 

release to ensure the material will not jeopardize ongoing or future operations. See 

also security. (JP 3-61)

security sector reform — A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken to 

improve the way a host nation provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. 

(JP 3-07)

security service — Entity or component of a foreign government charged with responsibility 

for counterespionage or internal security functions. (JP 2-01.2)

sedition — Willfully advocating or teaching the duty or necessity of overthrowing the US 

government or any political subdivision by force or violence. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

segregation — In detainee operations, the removal of a detainee from other detainees and 

their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when 

necessary for the movement, health, safety, and/or security of the detainee, the detention 

facility, or its personnel. (JP 3-63)

seize — To employ combat forces to occupy physically and to control a designated area. 

(JP 3-18)

seizures — In counterdrug operations, includes drugs and conveyances seized by law 

enforcement authorities and drug-related assets confiscated based on evidence that they 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

216 JP 1-02

have been derived from or used in illegal narcotics activities. See also counterdrug 

operations; law enforcement agency. (JP 3-07.4)

Selected Reserve — Those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by 

their respective Services and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to initial 

wartime missions that they have priority over all other reserves. See also Ready 

Reserve. (JP 4-05)

selective identification feature — A capability that, when added to the basic identification 

friend or foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected coded 

replies. (JP 3-52)

selective loading — The arrangement and stowage of equipment and supplies aboard ship in 

a manner designed to facilitate issues to units. (JP 3-02.1)

selective mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces resulting from action by 

Congress or the President to mobilize Reserve Component units, Individual Ready 

Reservists, and the resources needed for their support to meet the requirements of a 

domestic emergency that is not the result of an enemy attack. (JP 4-05)

selective off-loading — The capability to access and off-load vehicles, supplies, and 

equipment without having to conduct a major reconfiguration or total off-load; 

influenced by the number and types of ships allocated, and the space made available for 

the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02.1)

selective unloading — In an amphibious operation, the controlled unloading from 

amphibious warfare ships, and movement ashore, of specific items of cargo at the request 

of the landing force commander. (JP 3-02)

senior airfield authority — An individual designated by the joint force commander to be 

responsible for the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield to include the 

runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity 

directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-17)

senior contracting official — The staff official designated by a Service head of contracting 

activity to execute theater support contracting authority for a specific command and/or 

operational area. Also called SCO. (JP 4-10)

senior meteorological and oceanographic officer — Meteorological and oceanographic 

officer responsible for assisting the combatant commander and staff in developing and 

executing operational meteorological and oceanographic service concepts in support of 

a designated joint force. Also called SMO. See also meteorological and 

oceanographic. (JP 3-59)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 217

sensitive — An agency, installation, person, position, document, material, or activity 

requiring special protection from disclosure that could cause embarrassment, 

compromise, or threat to the security of the sponsoring power. (JP 2-01)

sensitive compartmented information — All information and materials bearing special 

community controls indicating restricted handling within present and future community 

intelligence collection programs and their end products for which community systems of 

compartmentation have been or will be formally established. (These controls are over 

and above the provisions of DOD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program Regulation.) 

Also called SCI. (JP 2-01)

sensitive compartmented information facility — An accredited area, room, group of rooms, 

or installation where sensitive compartmented information may be stored, used, 

discussed, and/or electronically processed, where procedural and physical measures 

prevent the free access of persons unless they have been formally indoctrinated for the 

particular sensitive compartmented information authorized for use or storage within the 

sensitive compartmented information facility. Also called SCIF. See also sensitive 

compartmented information. (JP 2-01)

sensitive site — A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary 

information systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas suspected 

of containing high value targets. (JP 3-31)

sequel — The subsequent major operation or phase based on the possible outcomes (success, 

stalemate, or defeat) of the current major operation or phase. See also branch. (JP 5-0)

serial — 1. An element or a group of elements within a series that is given a numerical or 

alphabetical designation for convenience in planning, scheduling, and control. 2. A 

group of people, vehicles, equipment, or supplies and is used in airborne, air assault, 

amphibious operations, and convoys. (JP 3-02)

serial assignment table — A table that is used in amphibious operations and shows the serial 

number, the title of the unit, the approximate number of personnel; the material, vehicles,

or equipment in the serial; the number and type of landing craft and/or amphibious 

vehicles required to boat the serial; and the ship on which the serial is embarked. 

(JP 3-02)

Service — A branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, established by act of Congress, 

which are: the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. (JP 1)

Service-common — Equipment, material, supplies, and services including base operating 

support adopted by a Service to support its own forces and those assigned to the 

combatant commands; items and services defined as Service-common by one Service 

are not necessarily Service-common for all other Services. See also special operationspeculiar. (JP 3-05)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

218 JP 1-02

Service component command — A command consisting of the Service component 

commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, 

organizations, and installations under that command, including the support forces that 

have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate unified 

command or joint task force. See also component; functional component command. 

(JP 1)

Service-organic transportation assets — Transportation assets that are assigned to a 

Military Department for functions of the Secretaries of the Military Departments set forth 

in Title 10, United States Code, Sections 3013(b), 5013(b), and 8013(b). (JP 4-01)

Service-unique container — Any 20- or 40-foot International Organization for 

Standardization container procured or leased by a Service to meet Service-unique 

requirements. See also common-use container; component-owned container. 

(JP 4-09)

sexual assault forensic examination kit — The medical and forensic examination kit used 

to ensure controlled procedures and safekeeping of any bodily specimens in a sexual 

assault case. Also called SAFE kit. (JP 1-0)

sexual assault prevention and response program — A Department of Defense program for 

the Military Departments and Department of Defense components that establishes sexual 

assault prevention and response policies to be implemented worldwide. Also called 

SAPR program. (JP 1-0)

sexual assault response coordinator — The single point of contact at an installation or 

within a geographic area who overseas sexual assault awareness, prevention, and 

response. Also called SARC. (JP 1-0)

shelter — An International Organization for Standardization container outfitted with live- or 

work-in capability. (JP 4-09)

shielding — 1. Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect 

personnel from radiation during the manufacture, handling, and transportation of 

fissionable and radioactive materials. 2. Obstructions that tend to protect personnel or 

materials from the effects of a nuclear explosion. (JP 3-11)

ship-to-shore movement — That portion of the action phase of an amphibious operation that

includes the deployment of the landing force from ships to designated landing areas. 

JP 3-02)

shore fire control party — A specially trained unit for control of naval gunfire in support of 

troops ashore. Also called SFCP. (JP 3-09)

shore party — A task organization of the landing force, formed for the purpose of facilitating 

the landing and movement off the beaches of troops, equipment, and supplies; for the 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 219

evacuation from the beaches of casualties and enemy prisoners of war; and for facilitating 

the beaching, retraction, and salvaging of landing ships and craft. Also called beach 

group. See also beachmaster unit; beach party; naval beach group. (JP 3-02)

shortfall — The lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability, reflected as the 

difference between the resources identified as a plan requirement and those apportioned 

to a combatant commander for planning, that would adversely affect the command’s 

ability to accomplish its mission. (JP 5-0)

short-range air defense engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined 

dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests 

with short-range air defense weapons and may be established within a low- or highaltitude missile engagement zone. Also called SHORADEZ. (JP 3-01)

short-range ballistic missile — A land-based ballistic missile with a range capability up to 

about 600 nautical miles. Also called SRBM. (JP 3-01)

short takeoff and landing — The ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle 

within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop within 1,500 

feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also called STOL. 

(JP 3-04)

short title — A short, identifying combination of letters, and/or numbers assigned to a 

document or device for purposes of brevity and/or security. (JP 2-01)

show of force — An operation designed to demonstrate US resolve that involves increased 

visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if allowed 

to continue, may be detrimental to US interests or national objectives. (JP 3-0)

signal operating instructions — A series of orders issued for technical control and 

coordination of the signal communication activities of a command. In Marine Corps 

usage, these instructions are designated communication operation instructions. Also 

called SOI. (JP 6-0)

signal security — A generic term that includes both communications security and electronics 

security. See also security. (JP 3-13.3)

signals intelligence — 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in 

combination all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign 

instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted. 2. Intelligence derived from 

communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. 

See also communications intelligence; electronic intelligence; foreign 

instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence. (JP 2-0)

signals intelligence operational control — The authoritative direction of signals intelligence 

activities, including tasking and allocation of effort, and the authoritative prescription of 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

220 JP 1-02

those uniform techniques and standards by which signals intelligence information is 

collected, processed, and reported. (JP 2-01)

signals intelligence operational tasking authority — A military commander’s authority to 

operationally direct and levy signals intelligence requirements on designated signals 

intelligence resources; includes authority to deploy and redeploy all or part of the signals 

intelligence resources for which signals intelligence operational tasking authority has 

been delegated. Also called SOTA. (JP 2-01)

significant wave height — The average height of the third of waves observed during a given 

period of time. See also surf zone. (JP 4-01.6)

simultaneous engagement — The concurrent engagement of hostile targets by combination 

of interceptor aircraft and surface-to-air missiles. (JP 3-01)

single-anchor leg mooring — A mooring facility dedicated to the offshore petroleum 

discharge system, which permits a tanker to remain on station and pump in much higher 

sea states than is possible with a spread moor. Also called SALM. See also offshore 

petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6)

single manager— A Military Department or agency designated by the Secretary of Defense 

to be responsible for management of specified commodities or common service activities 

on a Department of Defense-wide basis. (JP 4-01)

single manager for transportation — The United States Transportation Command is the 

Department of Defense single manager for transportation, other than Service-organic or 

theater-assigned transportation assets. See also Service-organic transportation assets; 

theater-assigned transportation assets (JP 4-01)

single port manager — The transportation component, designated by the Department of 

Defense through the US Transportation Command, responsible for management of all 

common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. See also transportation 

component command. (JP 4-01.5)

single-service manager — A Service component commander who is assigned the 

responsibility and delegated the authority to coordinate and/or perform specified 

personnel support or personnel service support functions in the theater of operations. See 

also component. (JP 1-0)

site exploitation — A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and analyze 

information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. Also 

called SE. (JP 3-31)

situation report — A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation. 

Also called SITREP. (JP 3-50)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 221

situation template — A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that 

adversary’s preferred method of operations and the impact of the operational 

environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. See also 

adversary template; course of action. (JP 2-01.3)

sociocultural analysis — The analysis of adversaries and other relevant actors that integrates 

concepts, knowledge, and understanding of societies, populations, and other groups of 

people, including their activities, relationships, and perspectives across time and space at 

varying scales. Also called SCA. (JP 2-0)

sociocultural factors — The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the 

relationships and activities of the population of a specific region or operational 

environment. (JP 2-01.3)

solatium — Monetary compensation given in areas where it is culturally appropriate to 

alleviate grief, suffering, and anxiety resulting from injuries, death, and property loss 

with a monetary payment. (JP 1-06)

sortie — In air operations, an operational flight by one aircraft. (JP 3-30)

sortie allotment message — The means by which the joint force commander allots excess 

sorties to meet requirements of subordinate commanders that are expressed in their air 

employment and/or allocation plan. Also called SORTIEALOT. (JP 3-30)

source — 1. A person, thing, or activity from which information is obtained. 2. In clandestine 

activities, a person (agent), normally a foreign national, in the employ of an intelligence 

activity for intelligence purposes. 3. In interrogation activities, any person who furnishes 

information, either with or without the knowledge that the information is being used for 

intelligence purposes. See also agent; collection agency. (JP 2-01)

source management — The process of registering and monitoring the use of sources 

involved in counterintelligence and human intelligence operations to protect the security 

of the operations and avoid conflicts among operational elements. (JP 2-01.2)

source registry — A source record/catalogue of leads and sources acquired by collectors and 

centralized for management, coordination and deconfliction of source operations. 

(JP 2-01.2)

space asset — Equipment that is an individual part of a space system, which is or can be 

placed in space or directly supports space activity terrestrially. (JP 3-14) 

space assignment — An assignment to the individual Military Departments/Services by the 

appropriate transportation operating agency of movement capability, which completely 

or partially satisfies the stated requirements of the Military Departments/Services for the 

operating month and that has been accepted by them without the necessity for referral to 

the Joint Transportation Board for allocation. (JP 4-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

222 JP 1-02

space capability — 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability of 

a terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in or through space. See also space 

asset. (JP 3-14)

space control — Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the United States and 

its allies and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. See also 

combat service support; combat support; negation; space systems. (JP 3-14)

space coordinating authority — A commander or individual assigned responsibility for 

planning, integrating, and coordinating space operations support in the operational area. 

Also called SCA. (JP 3-14)

space environment — The environment corresponding to the space domain, where 

electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the 

dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the earth’s ionosphere and 

magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. (JP 3-59)

space force application — Combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the 

course and outcome of conflict by holding terrestrial targets at risk. See also ballistic 

missile; force protection. (JP 3-14)

space force enhancement — Combat support operations and force-multiplying capabilities 

delivered from space systems to improve the effectiveness of military forces as well as 

support other intelligence, civil, and commercial users. See also combat support . 

(JP 3-14)

space forces — The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and 

personnel necessary to access, use and, if directed, control space for national security. 

See also national security; space systems. (JP 3-14)

space power — The total strength of a nation’s capabilities to conduct and influence activities 

to, in, through, and from space to achieve its objectives. (JP 3-14) 

space situational awareness — Cognizance of the requisite current and predictive 

knowledge of the space environment and the operational environment upon which space 

operations depend. (JP 3-14)

space superiority — The degree of dominance in space of one force over any others that 

permits the conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive 

interference from space-based threats. . (JP 3-14)

space support — Launching and deploying space vehicles, maintaining and sustaining 

spacecraft on-orbit, rendezvous and proximity operations, disposing of (including 

deorbiting and recovering) space capabilities, and reconstitution of space forces, if 

required. See also combat service support. (JP 3-14)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 223

space surveillance — The observation of space and of the activities occurring in space. See 

also space control. (JP 3-14) 

space systems — All of the devices and organizations forming the space network. 

(JP 3-14)

space weather — The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth 

environment that may affect space assets or space operations. See also space asset. 

(JP 3-59)

special access program — A sensitive acquisition, intelligence, or operations and support 

program, that imposes need-to-know and access controls beyond those normally 

provided for access to confidential, secret, or top secret information. Also called SAP. 

(JP 3-05)

special cargo — Cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as pyrotechnics, 

detonators, watches, and precision instruments. (JP 4-01.5)

special event — An international or domestic event, contest, activity, or meeting, which by 

its very nature, or by specific statutory or regulatory authority, may warrant security, 

safety, and/or other logistical support or assistance from the Department of Defense. 

(DODD 3025.18)

special forces — United States Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct 

special operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called

SF. (JP 3-05)

special forces group — The largest Army combat element for special operations consisting 

of command and control, special forces battalions, and a support battalion capable of 

long duration missions. Also called SFG. (JP 3-05)

specialization — An arrangement within an alliance wherein a member or group of members 

most suited by virtue of technical skills, location, or other qualifications assume(s) 

greater responsibility for a specific task or significant portion thereof for one or more 

other members. (JP 3-16)

special mission unit — A generic term to represent an organization composed of operations 

and support personnel that is task-organized to perform highly classified activities. Also 

called SMU. (JP 3-05)

special operations — Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical 

techniques, equipment and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically 

sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following: time sensitive, 

clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, requiring 

regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. (JP 3-05)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

224 JP 1-02

special operations command and control element — A special operations element that is 

the focal point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with 

conventional forces activities. Also called SOCCE. See also command and control; 

joint force special operations component commander; special operations; special 

operations forces. (JP 3-05)

special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Services 

designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, and equipped 

to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. See also Air Force special 

operations forces; Army special operations forces; Navy special operations forces. 

(JP 3-05)

special operations joint task force — A modular, tailorable, and scalable special operations 

task force designed to provide integrated, fully-capable, and enabled joint special 

operations forces to geographic combatant commanders and joint force commanders. 

Also called SOJTF. (JP 3-05)

special operations liaison element — A special operations liaison team provided by the joint 

force special operations component commander to coordinate, deconflict, and 

synchronize special operations air, surface, and subsurface operations with conventional 

air operations. Also called SOLE. See also joint force air component commander; 

joint force special operations component commander; special operations. (JP 3-05)

special operations-peculiar — Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for 

special operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. See also 

Service-common; special operations. (JP 3-05)

special operations task force — A scalable unit, normally of battalion size, in charge of the 

special operations element, organized around the nucleus of special operations forces and 

support elements. Also called SOTF. (JP 3-05)

special operations weather team — A task organized team of Air Force personnel 

organized, trained, and equipped to collect critical environmental information from data

sparse areas. Also called SOWT. (JP 3-05)

special operations wing — An Air Force special operations wing. Also called SOW. 

(JP 3-05)

special reconnaissance — Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special 

operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically and/or politically sensitive environments 

to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing 

military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. 

(JP 3-05)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 225

special tactics team — An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may 

include combat control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations 

weather personnel. Also called STT. See also combat search and rescue; special 

operations; special operations forces; terminal attack control. (JP 3-05)

specified combatant command — A command, normally composed of forces from a single 

Military Department, that has a broad, continuing mission, normally functional, and is 

established and so designated by the President through the Secretary of Defense with the 

advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (JP 1)

specified task — In the context of joint operation planning, a task that is specifically assigned 

to an organization by its higher headquarters. See also essential task; implied task. 

(JP 5-0)

split-mission oriented protective posture — The concept of maintaining heightened 

protective posture only in those areas (or zones) that are contaminated, allowing 

personnel in uncontaminated areas to continue to operate in a reduced posture. Also 

called split-MOPP. (JP 3-11)

spoke — The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation 

mode operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the “hub”. See also 

distribution; distribution system; hub; hub and spoke distribution. (JP 4-09)

spot — 1. To determine by observation, deviations of ordnance from the target for the purpose 

of supplying necessary information for the adjustment of fire. 2. To place in a proper 

location. 3. An approved shipboard helicopter landing site. See also ordnance. 

(JP 3-04)

spot net — Radio communication net used by a spotter in calling fire. (JP 3-09.3)

spot report — A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or 

conditions that may have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and 

operations that is afforded the most expeditious means of transmission consistent with 

requisite security. Also called SPOTREP. (Note: In reconnaissance and surveillance 

usage, spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3)

spotter — 1. An observer stationed for the purpose of observing and reporting results of naval 

gunfire to the firing agency and who also may be employed in designating targets. (JP 

3-09) 2. In intelligence, an agent or illegal assigned to locate and assess individuals in 

positions of value to an intelligence service. (JP 2-01.2) 

spotting — Parking aircraft in an approved shipboard landing site. (JP 3-04)

spreader bar — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers 

or vehicles and breakbulk cargo. (JP 4-01.6)
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226 JP 1-02

squadron — 1. An organization consisting of two or more divisions of ships, or two or more 

divisions (Navy) or flights of aircraft. 2. The basic administrative aviation unit of the Army, 

Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. 3. Battalion-sized ground or aviation units. (JP 3-32)

stability operations — An overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, 

and activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments 

of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide 

essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and 

humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0)

stabilized patient — A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock 

treated, and fractures are immobilized. (JP 4-02)

stable patient — A patient for whom no inflight medical intervention is expected but the 

potential for medical intervention exists. (JP 4-02)

staff judge advocate — A judge advocate so designated in the Army, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps, and the principal legal advisor of a Navy, Coast Guard, or joint force command 

who is a judge advocate. Also called SJA. (JP 1-04)

staging — Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and 

sustaining materiel in preparation for onward movement. See also staging area. 

(JP 3-35)

staging area — 1. Amphibious or airborne — A general locality between the mounting 

area and the objective of an amphibious or airborne expedition, through which the 

expedition or parts thereof pass after mounting, for refueling, regrouping of ships, and/or 

exercise, inspection, and redistribution of troops. 2. Other movements — A general 

locality established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel between 

movements over the lines of communications. Also called SA. See also airborne;

marshalling; staging. (JP 3-35)

staging base — 1. An advanced naval base for the anchoring, fueling, and refitting of 

transports and cargo ships as well as replenishment of mobile service squadrons. (JP 4-

01.2) 2. A landing and takeoff area with minimum servicing, supply, and shelter 

provided for the temporary occupancy of military aircraft during the course of movement 

from one location to another. (JP 3-18)

standardization — The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest 

practicable cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for the 

most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees to 

adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: a. common or compatible operational, 

administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical procedures 

and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, components, weapons, 

or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding 

organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 227

standard operating procedure — A set of instructions applicable to those features of 

operations that lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss of 

effectiveness. Also called SOP; standing operating procedure. (JP 3-31)

standard use Army aircraft flight route — Route established below the coordination level 

to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets; it is normally located in the corps 

through brigade rear areas of operation and does not require approval by the airspace 

control authority. Also called SAAFR. (JP 3-52)

Standby Reserve — Those units and members of the Reserve Component (other than those 

in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve) who are liable for active duty only, as provided 

in Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10151, 12301, and 12306. See also active duty; 

Ready Reserve; Reserve Component; Retired Reserve. (JP 4-05)

standing joint force headquarters — A staff organization operating under a flag or general 

officer providing a combatant commander with a full-time, trained joint command and 

control element integrated into the combatant commander’s staff whose focus is on 

contingency and crisis action planning. Also called SJFHQ. (JP 3-0)

standing rules for the use of force — Preapproved directives to guide United States forces 

on the use of force during various operations. Also called SRUF. (JP 3-28)

stateless person — A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the 

operation of its law. See also dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee; refugee. 

(JP 3-29)

station time — In air transport operations, the time at which crews, passengers, and cargo are 

to be on board and ready for the flight. (JP 3-17)

status-of-forces agreement — A bilateral or multilateral agreement that defines the legal 

position of a visiting military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Also 

called SOFA. (JP 3-16)

sterilizer — In mine warfare, a device included in mines to render the mine permanently 

inoperative on expiration of a pre-determined time after laying. (JP 3-15)

stockage objective — The maximum quantities of materiel to be maintained on hand to 

sustain current operations, which will consist of the sum of stocks represented by the 

operating level and the safety level. (JP 4-08)

Stock Number — See national stock number.

stockpile to target sequence — 1. The order of events involved in removing a nuclear 

weapon from storage and assembling, testing, transporting, and delivering it on the target. 

2. A document that defines the logistic and employment concepts and related physical 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

228 JP 1-02

environments involved in the delivery of a nuclear weapon from the stockpile to the 

target. It may also define the logistic flow involved in moving nuclear weapons to and 

from the stockpile for quality assurance testing, modification and retrofit, and the 

recycling of limited life components.

stop-loss — Presidential authority under Title 10, United States Code, Section 12305, to 

suspend laws relating to promotion, retirement, or separation of any member of the 

Armed Forces determined essential to the national security of the United States, to 

include reservists if serving on active duty under Title 10, United States Code authorities 

for Presidential Reserve Call-up, partial mobilization, or full mobilization. See also 

mobilization; partial mobilization; Presidential Reserve Call-up. (JP 4-05)

stowage — The placement of cargo into a hold, compartment, or on a deck of a ship in such 

a way as to prevent damage from load shifts while the ship is underway. (JP 3-02.1)

stowage factor — The number that expresses the space, in cubic feet, occupied by a long ton 

of any commodity as prepared for shipment, including all crating or packaging. 

(JP 4-01.2)

stowage plan — A completed stowage diagram showing what materiel has been loaded and 

its stowage location in each hold, between-deck compartment, or other space in a ship, 

including deck space. (JP 4-01.5)

strategic communication — Focused United States Government efforts to understand and 

engage key audiences to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the 

advancement of United States Government interests, policies, and objectives through the 

use of coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized with 

the actions of all instruments of national power. Also called SC. (JP 5-0)

strategic concept — The course of action accepted as the result of the estimate of the strategic 

situation which is a statement of what is to be done in broad terms. (JP 5-0)

strategic debriefing — Debriefing activity conducted to collect information or to verify 

previously collected information in response to national or theater level collection 

priorities. (JP 2-01.2)

strategic direction — The processes and products by which the President, Secretary of 

Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provide strategic guidance to the Joint 

Staff, combatant commands, Services, and combat support agencies. (JP 5-0)

strategic estimate — The broad range of strategic factors that influence the commander’s 

understanding of its operational environment and its determination of missions, 

objectives, and courses of action. See also estimate; national intelligence estimate. 

(JP 5-0)
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JP 1-02 229

strategic intelligence — Intelligence required for the formation of policy and military plans 

at national and international levels. Strategic intelligence and tactical intelligence differ 

primarily in level of application, but may also vary in terms of scope and detail. See also 

intelligence; operational intelligence; tactical intelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

strategic level of war — The level of war at which a nation, often as a member of a group of 

nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security 

objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those 

objectives. See also operational level of war; tactical level of war. (JP 3-0)

strategic mobility — The capability to deploy and sustain military forces worldwide in 

support of national strategy. (JP 4-01)

strategic plan — A plan for the overall conduct of a war. (JP 5-0)

strategic sealift — The afloat pre-positioning and ocean movement of military materiel in 

support of US and multinational forces. (JP 4-01.5)

strategic sealift forces — Sealift forces composed of ships, cargo handling and delivery 

systems, and the necessary operating personnel. See also force. (JP 4-01.6)

strategic sealift shipping — Common-user ships of the Military Sealift Command force, 

including pre-positioned ships after their pre-positioning mission has been completed 

and they have been returned to the operational control of the Military Sealift Command. 

See also Military Sealift Command; Military Sealift Command force. (JP 4-01.2)

strategic warning — A warning prior to the initiation of a threatening act. See also tactical 

warning.

strategy — A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in 

a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or multinational 

objectives. (JP 3-0)

strike — An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. (JP 3-0)

strike coordination and reconnaissance — A mission flown for the purpose of detecting 

targets and coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also 

called SCAR. (JP 3-03)

stuffing — Packing of cargo into a container. See also unstuffing. (JP 4-09)

submarine operating authority — The naval commander exercising operational control of 

submarines. Also called SUBOPAUTH. (JP 3-32)
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230 JP 1-02

subordinate campaign plan — A combatant command prepared plan that satisfies the 

requirements under a Department of Defense campaign plan, which, depending upon the 

circumstances, transitions to a supported or supporting plan in execution. (JP 5-0)

subordinate command — A command consisting of the commander and all those 

individuals, units, detachments, organizations, or installations that have been placed 

under the command by the authority establishing the subordinate command. (JP 1)

subordinate unified command — A command established by commanders of unified 

commands, when so authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with the 

criteria set forth for unified commands. See also area command; functional 

component command; operational control; subordinate command; unified 

command. (JP 1)

subsidiary landing — In an amphibious operation, a landing usually made outside the 

designated landing area, the purpose of which is to support the main landing. (JP 3-02)

subversion — Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or 

political strength or morale of a governing authority. See also unconventional warfare. 

(JP 3-24)

sun-synchronous orbit — An orbit in which the satellite’s orbital plane is at a fixed 

orientation to the sun, i.e., the orbit precesses about the earth at the same rate that the 

earth orbits the sun. (JP 3-14) 

supercargo — Personnel that accompany cargo on board a ship for the purpose of 

accomplishing en route maintenance and security. (JP 4-01.5)

supplies — In logistics, all materiel and items used in the equipment, support, and 

maintenance of military forces. See also component; equipment. (JP 4-0)

supply — The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of 

supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. producer 

phase—That phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement 

schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Services. b. consumer phase—That 

phase of military supply that extends from receipt of finished supplies by the Services 

through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0)

supply chain — The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw materiel 

stage to an end user as a finished product. See also supply; supply chain management. 

(JP 4-09)

supply chain management — A cross-functional approach to procuring, producing, and 

delivering products and services to customers. See also supply; supply chain. 

(JP 4-09)
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JP 1-02 231

supply support activity —Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address code 

and that have a supply support mission. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09)

support — 1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another force 

in accordance with a directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another unit in 

battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other forces in 

combat. See also close support; direct support; general support; inter-Service 

support; mutual support. (JP 1)

supported commander — 1. The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects 

of a task assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other joint operation planning 

authority. 2. In the context of joint operation planning, the commander who prepares 

operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff. 3. In the context of a support command relationship, the 

commander who receives assistance from another commander’s force or capabilities, and 

who is responsible for ensuring that the supporting commander understands the 

assistance required. See also support; supporting commander. (JP 3-0)

supported unit — As related to contracted support, a supported unit is the organization that 

is the recipient, but not necessarily the requester of, contractor-provided support. See 

also requiring activity. (JP 4-10)

supporting arms — Weapons and weapons systems of all types employed to support forces 

by indirect or direct fire. (JP 3-02)

supporting arms coordination center — A single location on board an amphibious warfare 

command ship in which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire 

support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized. Also called SACC. See 

also fire support coordination center. (JP 3-09.3)

supporting commander — 1. A commander who provides augmentation forces or other 

support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context 

of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, or 

sustains another commander’s force, and who is responsible for providing the assistance 

required by the supported commander. See also support; supported commander. 

(JP 3-0)

supporting fire — Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect a unit in combat. 

(JP 3-09)

supporting operations — In amphibious operations, those operations conducted by forces 

other than those conducted by the amphibious force. See also amphibious force; 

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02)
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232 JP 1-02

supporting plan — An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate 

commander, or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported 

commander’s plan. See also supported commander; supporting commander. 

(JP 5-0)

suppression — Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the performance 

of a weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives. (JP 3-01)

suppression of enemy air defenses — Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily 

degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also 

called SEAD. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare. (JP 3-01)

surface action group — A temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other than 

carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission. Also called SAG. See group; mission. 

(JP 3-32)

surface combatant — A ship constructed and armed for combat use with the capability to 

conduct operations in multiple maritime roles against air, surface and subsurface threats, 

and land targets. (JP 3-32)

surface-to-air missile site — A plot of ground prepared in such a manner that it will readily 

accept the hardware used in surface-to-air missile system. (JP 3-01)

surface warfare — That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to 

destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels. Also called 

SUW. (JP 3-32)

surf line — The point offshore where waves and swells are affected by the underwater surface 

and become breakers. (JP 4-01.6)

surf zone — The area of water from the surf line to the beach. See also surf line. (JP 4-01.6)

surveillance — The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, places,

persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. (JP 3-0)

survivability — All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while 

simultaneously deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34)

survival, evasion, resistance, and escape — Actions performed by isolated personnel 

designed to ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or 

preparation for their return to friendly control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50)

suspect — 1. In counterdrug operations, a track of interest where correlating information 

actually ties the track of interest to alleged illegal drug operations. See also counterdrug 

operations; track of interest. 2. An identity applied to a track that is potentially hostile 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 233

because of its characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality. See also assumed friend; 

neutral; unknown. (JP 3-07.4)

sustainment — The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and 

prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0)

sustainment, restoration, and modernization — The fuels asset sustainment program 

within Defense Energy Support Center that provides a long-term process to costeffectively sustain, restore, and modernize fuel facilities. Also called S/RM. (JP 4-03)

synchronization — 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to 

produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. 2. In the 

intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the 

operation plan to answer intelligence requirements in time to influence the decisions they 

support. (JP 2-0)

synthesis — In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information 

with other information and intelligence for final interpretation. (JP 2-0)

system — A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly 

interacting or interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. 

(JP 3-0)

systems support contract — A prearranged contract awarded by a Service acquisition 

program management office that provides technical support, maintenance and, in some 

cases, repair parts for selected military weapon and support systems. See also external 

support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10)
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234 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

T

JP 1-02 235

table of allowance — An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances 

of organizational equipment, and provides the control to develop, revise, or change 

equipment authorization inventory data. Also called TOA. (JP 4-09)

TABOO frequencies — Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be 

deliberately jammed or interfered with by friendly forcesincluding international distress, 

safety, and controller frequencies. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

tactical air command center — The principal US Marine Corps air command and control 

agency from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. Also 

called Marine TACC. (JP 3-09.3)

tactical air control center — The principal air operations installation (ship-based) from 

which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. Also 

called Navy TACC. (JP 3-09.3)

tactical air control party — A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control 

system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. Also 

called TACP. (JP 3-09.3)

tactical air coordinator (airborne) — An officer who coordinates, from an aircraft, the 

actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called 

TAC(A). See also forward observer. (JP 3-09.3)

tactical air direction center — An air operations installation under the overall control of the 

Navy tactical air control center or the Marine Corps tactical air command center, from 

which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in support of 

amphibious operations are directed. Also called TADC. (JP 3-09.3)

tactical airfield fuel dispensing system — A tactical aircraft refueling system deployed by 

a Marine air-ground task force in support of air operations at an expeditionary airfield or 

a forward arming and refueling point. Also called TAFDS. (JP 4-03)

tactical air officer — The officer under the amphibious task force commander who, until 

control is passed ashore, coordinates planning of all phases of air participation of the 

amphibious operation and air operations of supporting forces en route to and in the 

objective area. Also called TAO. (JP 3-02)

tactical air operations center — The principal air control agency of the United States Marine 

Corps air command and control system responsible for airspace control and management. 

Also called TAOC. (JP 3-09.3)
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236 JP 1-02

tactical assembly area — An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the 

location where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and 

rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. See also line of departure. (JP 3-35)

tactical combat casualty care — A set of trauma management guidelines customized for use 

on the battlefield that maintains a sharp focus on the most common causes of preventable 

deaths on the battlefield: external hemorrhage; tension pneumothorax; and airway 

obstruction. (JP 4-02)

tactical combat force — A rapidly deployable, air-ground mobile combat unit, with 

appropriate combat support and combat service support assets assigned to and capable 

of defeating Level III threats including combined arms. Also called TCF. (JP 3-10)

tactical control — The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control 

of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions 

or tasks assigned. Also called TACON. See also combatant command; combatant 

command (command authority); operational control. (JP 1)

tactical data link — A Joint Staff-approved, standardized communication link suitable for 

transmission of digital information, which interfaces two or more command and control 

or weapons systems via a single or multiple network architecture and multiple 

communication media for exchange of tactical information. Also called TDL. (JP 6-0)

tactical exploitation of national capabilities — Congressionally mandated program to 

improve the combat effectiveness of the Services through more effective military use of 

national programs. Also called TENCAP. (JP 2-01)

tactical intelligence — Intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical 

operations. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

tactical level of war — The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and 

executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. See also 

operational level of war; strategic level of war. (JP 3-0)

tactical-logistical group — Representatives designated by troop commanders to assist Navy 

control officers aboard control ships in the ship-to-shore movement of troops, equipment, 

and supplies. Also called TACLOG group. (JP 3-02)

tactical minefield — A minefield that is employed to directly attack enemy maneuver as part 

of a formation obstacle plan and is laid to delay, channel, or break up an enemy advance, 

giving the defending element a positional advantage over the attacker. (JP 3-15)

tactical obstacles — Those obstacles employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them 

into a desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, and to block 

enemy penetrations. (JP 3-15)
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JP 1-02 237

tactical questioning — The field-expedient initial questioning for information of immediate 

tactical value of a captured or detained person at or near the point of capture and before 

the individual is placed in a detention facility. Also called TQ. (JP 3-63)

tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel — A Marine Corps mission performed by an 

assigned and briefed aircrew for the specific purpose of the recovery of personnel, 

equipment, and/or aircraft when the tactical situation precludes search and rescue assets 

from responding and when survivors and their location have been confirmed. Also called 

TRAP. (JP 3-50)

tactical reserve — A part of a force held under the control of the commander as a 

maneuvering force to influence future action. (JP 3-02)

tactical warning — 1. A warning after initiation of a threatening or hostile act based on an 

evaluation of information from all available sources. 2. In satellite and missile 

surveillance, a notification to operational command centers that a specific threat event is 

occurring. The component elements that describe threat events are as follows: a. 

country of origin — Country or countries initiating hostilities; b. event type and size

— Identification of the type of event and determination of the size or number of weapons; 

c. country under attack — Determined by observing trajectory of an object and 

predicting its impact point; and d. event time — Time the hostile event occurred. See 

also attack assessment; strategic warning.

tactics — The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. See 

also procedures; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01)

target — 1. An entity or object that performs a function for the adversary considered for 

possible engagement or other action. 2. In intelligence usage, a country, area, 

installation, agency, or person against which intelligence operations are directed. 3. An 

area designated and numbered for future firing. 4. In gunfire support usage, an impact 

burst that hits the target. See also objective area. (JP 3-60)

target acquisition — The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient detail 

to permit the effective employment of weapons. Also called TA. See also target 

analysis. (JP 3-60)

target analysis — An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, 

priority of attack, and weapons required to obtain a desired level of damage or casualties. 

See also target acquisition. (JP 3-60)

target area of interest — The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired 

and engaged by friendly forces. Also called TAI. See also area of interest; high-value 

target; target. (JP 2-01.3) 
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238 JP 1-02

target audience — An individual or group selected for influence. Also called TA. 

(JP 3-13)

target complex — A geographically integrated series of target concentrations. See also

target. (JP 3-60)

target component — A set of targets within a target system performing a similar function. 

See also target. (JP 3-60)

target development — The systematic examination of potential target systems - and their 

components, individual targets, and even elements of targets - to determine the necessary 

type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create an effect that 

is consistent with the commander’s specific objectives. (JP 3-60)

targeteer — An individual who has completed formal targeting training in an established 

Service or joint school and participates in the joint targeting cycle in their current duties. 

(JP 3-60)

target folder — A folder, hardcopy or electronic, containing target intelligence and related 

materials prepared for planning and executing action against a specific target. See also 

target. (JP 3-60)

target information center — The agency or activity responsible for collecting, displaying, 

evaluating, and disseminating information pertaining to potential targets. Also called

TIC. See also target. (JP 3-02)

targeting — The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate 

response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. See also joint 

targeting coordination board; target. (JP 3-0)

target intelligence — Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or 

target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. See also target; 

target complex. (JP 3-60) 

target location error — The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and 

the actual location of the target. Also called TLE. (JP 3-09.3)

target materials — Graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, or other presentations of target 

intelligence, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one 

or more weapon(s) systems. See also Air Target Materials Program. (JP 3-60)

target nomination list — A prioritized list of targets drawn from the joint target list and 

nominated by component commanders, appropriate agencies, or the joint force 

commander’s staff for inclusion on the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also called 

TNL. See also candidate target list; joint integrated prioritized target list; target. 

(JP 3-60)
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JP 1-02 239

target of opportunity — 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to 

be included in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific 

to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. 2. A target visible to 

a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and 

against which fire has not been scheduled or requested. See also dynamic targeting; 

target; unplanned target; unanticipated target. (JP 3-60)

target reference point — A predetermined point of reference, normally a permanent 

structure or terrain feature that can be used when describing a target location. Also called 

TRP. (JP 3-09.3)

target system — 1. All the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally 

related. 2. A group of targets that are so related that their destruction will produce some 

particular effect desired by the attacker. See also target; target complex. (JP 3-60)

target system analysis — An all-source examination of potential target systems to determine 

relevance to stated objectives, military importance, and priority of attack. Also called 

TSA. (JP 3-60)

target system assessment — The broad assessment of the overall impact and effectiveness 

of the full spectrum of military force applied against the operation of an enemy target 

system, significant subdivisions of the system, or total combat effectiveness relative to 

the operational objectives established. See also target system. (JP 3-60)

target system component — A set of targets belonging to one or more groups of industries 

and basic utilities required to produce component parts of an end product, or one type of 

a series of interrelated commodities. (JP 3-60)

task — A clearly defined action or activity specifically assigned to an individual or 

organization that must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority. (JP 1)

task component — A subdivision of a fleet, task force, task group, or task unit, organized by 

the respective commander or by higher authority for the accomplishment of specific 

tasks. (JP 3-32)

task element — A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task unit 

or higher authority. (JP 3-32)

task force — A component of a fleet organized by the commander of a task fleet or higher 

authority for the accomplishment of a specific task or tasks. Also called TF. (JP 3-32)

task force counterintelligence coordinating authority — An individual that affects the 

overall coordination of counterintelligence activities (in a joint force intelligence 

directorate counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element, joint task force 

configuration), with other supporting counterintelligence organizations, and supporting 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

240 JP 1-02

agencies to ensure full counterintelligence coverage of the task force operational area. 

Also called TFCICA. See also counterintelligence; counterintelligence activities; 

joint task force. (JP 2-01.2) 

task group — A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task force 

or higher authority. Also called TG. (JP 3-32)

tasking order — A method used to task and to disseminate to components, subordinate units, 

and command and control agencies projected targets and specific missions as well as 

general and specific instructions for accomplishment of the mission. Also called 

TASKORD. See also mission; target. (JP 3-05.1)

task order — Order for services placed against an established contract. See also civil 

augmentation program. (JP 4-10)

task organization — An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means with 

which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33)

task unit — A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task group 

or higher authority. (JP 3-32)

tear line — A physical line on an intelligence message or document separating categories of 

information that have been approved for foreign disclosure and release. (JP 2-0)

technical analysis — In imagery interpretation, the precise description of details appearing 

on imagery. (JP 2-03)

technical assistance — The providing of advice, assistance, and training pertaining to the 

installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment. (JP 3-22)

technical documentation — Visual information documentation (with or without sound as an 

integral documentation component) of an actual event made for purposes of evaluation. 

Typically, technical documentation contributes to the study of human or mechanical 

factors, procedures, and processes in the fields of medicine, science, logistics, research, 

development, test and evaluation, intelligence, investigations, and armament delivery. 

Also called TECDOC. (JP 3-61)

technical escort — An individual technically qualified and properly equipped to accompany 

designated material requiring a high degree of safety or security during shipment. 

(JP 3-15.1)

technical evaluation — The study and investigations by a developing agency to determine 

the technical suitability of material, equipment, or a system for use in the Services. 

(JP 3-15.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 241

technical intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and 

exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for the 

purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and technical 

capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an adversary’s 

technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. See also exploitation; intelligence. 

(JP 2-0)

technical nuclear forensics — The collection, analysis and evaluation of pre-detonation 

(intact) and post-detonation (exploded) radiological or nuclear materials, devices, and 

debris, as well as the immediate effects created by a nuclear detonation. (JP 3-41)

technical review authority — The organization tasked to provide specialized technical or 

administrative expertise to the lead agent, primary review authority, Joint Staff doctrine 

sponsor, or coordinating review authority for joint publications. Also called TRA. See 

also coordinating review authority; joint publication; primary review authority. 

(CJCSM 5120.01)

technical surveillance countermeasures — Techniques and measures to detect and 

neutralize a wide variety of hostile penetration technologies that are used to obtain 

unauthorized access to classified and sensitive information. Technical penetrations 

include the employment of optical, electro-optical, electromagnetic, fluidic, and acoustic 

means as the sensor and transmission medium, or the use of various types of stimulation 

or modification to equipment or building components for the direct or indirect 

transmission of information meant to be protected. Also called TSCM. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

techniques — Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or 

tasks. See also procedures; tactics. (CJCSM 5120.01)

telecommunications — Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, 

images, sounds, or information of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other 

electromagnetic systems. (JP 6-0)

telemedicine — Rapid access to shared and remote medical expertise by means of 

telecommunications and information technologies to deliver health services and 

exchange health information for the purpose of improving patient care. (JP 4-02)

tempest — An unclassified term referring to technical investigations for compromising 

emanations from electrically operated information processing equipment; these 

investigations are conducted in support of emanations and emissions security. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

temporary interment — A site for the purpose of: a. the interment of the remains if the 

circumstances permit; or b. the reburial of remains exhumed from an emergency 

interment. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06)
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242 JP 1-02

terminal — A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another. 

See also facility. (JP 4-01.6)

terminal attack control — The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons 

release clearance to attacking aircraft. See also joint terminal attack controller. 

(JP 3-09.3)

terminal control — 1. A type of air control with the authority to direct aircraft to maneuver 

into a position to deliver ordnance, passengers, or cargo to a specific location or target. 

2. Any electronic, mechanical, or visual control given to aircraft to facilitate target 

acquisition and resolution. See also terminal guidance. (JP 3-09.3)

terminal guidance — 1. The guidance applied to a guided missile between midcourse 

guidance and arrival in the vicinity of the target. 2. Electronic, mechanical, visual, or 

other assistance given an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at, operation within or over, 

landing upon, or departure from an air landing or airdrop facility. See also terminal 

control. (JP 3-03)

terminal guidance operations — Actions using electronic, mechanical, voice, or visual 

communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional 

information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09)

terminal operations — The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt, 

transit, storage, and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of 

transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to 

destination. See also operation; terminal. (JP 4-01.5) 

terminal phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the 

warhead or payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload 

detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts. See also boost phase; midcourse 

phase. (JP 3-01)

termination criteria — The specified standards approved by the President and/or the 

Secretary of Defense that must be met before a joint operation can be concluded. 

(JP 3-0)

terms of reference — 1. A mutual agreement under which a command, element, or unit 

exercises authority or undertakes specific missions or tasks relative to another command, 

element, or unit. 2. The directive providing the legitimacy and authority to undertake a 

mission, task, or endeavor. Also called TORs. (JP 3-0)

terrain analysis — The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic 

information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other 

relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 243

terrain avoidance system — A system which provides the pilot or navigator of an aircraft 

with a situation display of the ground or obstacles which project above either a horizontal 

plane through the aircraft or a plane parallel to it, so that the pilot can maneuver the 

aircraft to avoid the obstruction. (JP 3-50)

terrain flight — Flight close to the Earth’s surface during which airspeed, height, and/or 

altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground in order to avoid enemy 

detection and fire. Also called contour flight; low-level flight; nap-of-the-earth flight. 

(JP 3-09.3)

terrain intelligence — Intelligence on the military significance of natural and man-made 

characteristics of an area. (JP 3-15)

terrestrial environment — The Earth’s land area, including its man-made and natural 

surface and sub-surface features, and its interfaces and interactions with the atmosphere 

and the oceans. (JP 3-59)

territorial airspace — Airspace above land territory and internal, archipelagic, and territorial 

waters. (JP 1)

territorial waters — A belt of ocean space adjacent to and measured from the coastal states 

baseline to a maximum width of 12 nautical miles. (JP 1)

terrorism — The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence, often motivated by religious, 

political, or other ideological beliefs, to instill fear and coerce governments or societies

in pursuit of goals that are usually political. See also antiterrorism; combating 

terrorism; counterterrorism; force protection condition. (JP 3-07.2)

terrorist threat level — A Department of Defense intelligence threat assessment of the level 

of terrorist threat faced by United States personnel and interests in a foreign country; the

levels are expressed as LOW, MODERATE, SIGNIFICANT, and HIGH. (JP 3-07.2)

theater — The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant 

command has been assigned responsibility. (JP 1)

theater antisubmarine warfare commander — A Navy commander assigned to develop 

plans and direct assigned and attached assets for the conduct of antisubmarine warfare 

within an operational area. Also called TASWC. (JP 3-32)

theater-assigned transportation assets — Transportation assets that are assigned under the 

combatant command (command authority) of a geographic combatant commander. See 

also combatant command (command authority); single manager for 

transportation. (JP 4-01)

theater detainee reporting center — The field operating agency of the National Detainee 

Reporting Center responsible for maintaining information on all detainees and their 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

244 JP 1-02

personal property within a theater of operations or assigned area of operations. Also 

called TDRC. (JP 3-63)

theater distribution — The flow of personnel, equipment, and materiel within theater to 

meet the geographic combatant commander’s missions. See also distribution; theater;

theater distribution system. (JP 4-09)

theater distribution system — A distribution system comprised of four independent and 

mutually supported networks within theater to meet the geographic combatant 

commander’s requirements: the physical network; the financial network; the information 

network; and the communications network. See also distribution; distribution plan; 

distribution system; theater; theater distribution. (JP 4-01)

theater event system — Architecture for reporting ballistic missile events, composed of three 

independent processing and reporting elements: the joint tactical ground stations, tactical 

detection and reporting, and the space-based infrared system mission control station. 

Also called TES. (JP 3-14)

theater hospitalization capability — Essential care and health service support capabilities 

to either return the patient to duty and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate 

evacuation to a definitive care facility outside the theater, which is known as Role 3 in 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine. (JP 4-02)

theater of operations — An operational area defined by the geographic combatant 

commander for the conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. 

See also theater of war. (JP 3-0)

theater of war — Defined by the President, Secretary of Defense, or the geographic 

combatant commander as the area of air, land, and water that is, or may become, directly 

involved in the conduct of major operations and campaigns involving combat. See also 

area of responsibility; theater of operations. (JP 3-0)

theater patient movement requirements center — The activity responsible for intratheater 

patient movement management (medical regulating and aeromedical evacuation 

scheduling), the development of theater-level patient movement plans and schedules, the 

monitoring and execution in concert with the Global Patient Movement Requirements 

Center. Also called TPMRC. (JP 4-02)

theater special operations command — A subordinate unified command established by a 

combatant commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special operations. 

Also called TSOC. See also special operations. (JP 3-05)

theater strategy — An overarching construct outlining a combatant commander’s vision for 

integrating and synchronizing military activities and operations with the other 

instruments of national power in order to achieve national strategic objectives. See also 

national military strategy; national security strategy; strategy. (JP 3-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 245

theater support contract — A type of contingency contract awarded by contracting officers 

in the operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the Service 

component or designated joint head of contracting activity for the designated 

contingency operation. See also external support contract; systems support contract. 

(JP 4-10)

thermal crossover — The natural phenomenon that normally occurs twice daily when 

temperature conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent 

objects on infrared imagery. (JP 3-09.3)

thermal radiation — 1. The heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion. 2. 

Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heat or light source as a consequence of its 

temperature. (JP 3-41)

thorough decontamination — Decontamination carried out by a unit to reduce 

contamination on personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or working areas equal to natural 

background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit the partial or total removal of 

individual protective equipment and to maintain operations with minimum degradation. 

See also immediate decontamination; operational decontamination. (JP 3-11)

threat analysis — In antiterrorism, a continual process of compiling and examining all 

available information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist groups which 

could target a facility. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2)

threat assessment — In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities, 

past and present, of terrorist organizations as well as the security environment within 

which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. 

(JP 3-07.2)

threat warning — The urgent communication and acknowledgement of time-critical 

information essential for the preservation of life and/or vital resources. (JP 2-01)

throughput — 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can pass 

through a port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or plane, or 

from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port complex. 

(JP 4-01.5) 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of patients (stable 

or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, transported, and 

received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02)

throughput capacity — The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo 

and/or passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed 

in any agreed upon unit of measurement. See also clearance capacity. (JP 4-01.5)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

246 JP 1-02

time-definite delivery — The consistent delivery of requested logistic support at a time and 

destination specified by the receiving activity. See also logistic support. Also called 

TDD. (JP 4-09)

time of flight — In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, the time in seconds from the 

instant a weapon is fired, launched, or released from the delivery vehicle or weapons 

system to the instant it strikes or detonates. Also called TOF. (JP 3-09)

time on target — The actual time at which munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. 

(JP 3-09.3)

time-phased force and deployment data — The time-phased force data, non-unit cargo and 

personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan or operation order or ongoing 

rotation of forces. Also called TPFDD. See also time-phased force and deployment 

list. (JP 5-0)

time-phased force and deployment list — Appendix 1 to Annex A of the operation plan, 

which identifies types and/or actual units required to support the operation plan and 

indicates origin and ports of debarkation or ocean area. Also called TPFDL. See also 

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System; time-phased force and 

deployment data. (JP 4-05) 

times — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times 

with the commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as any 

recommended changes to when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days end at 

2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for 

planning). (JP 5-0)

time-sensitive target — A joint force commander validated target or set of targets requiring 

immediate response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it 

poses (or will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60)

time to target — The number of minutes and seconds to elapse before aircraft ordnance 

impacts on target. Also called TTT. (JP 3-09.3)

tophandler — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers 

from the top with rough terrain container handlers. See also container. (JP 4-01.6)

topographic map — A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable form 

as well as their horizontal positions. (JP 2-03)

top secret — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage 

to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or 

describe. (EO 13526)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 247

torture — As defined by Title 18, US Code, Section 2340, it is any act committed by a person 

acting under color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or mental pain 

or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) upon another 

person within his custody or physical control. “Severe mental pain or suffering” means 

the prolonged mental harm caused by or resulting from: (a) the intentional infliction or 

threatened infliction of severe physical pain or suffering; (b) the administration or 

application, or threatened administration or application, of mind-altering substances or 

other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or personality; (c) the threat 

of imminent death; or (d) the threat that another person will imminently be subjected to 

death, severe physical pain or suffering, or the administration or application of mindaltering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or 

personality. (JP 2-01.2)

total mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces resulting from action by 

Congress and the President to organize and/or generate additional units or personnel 

beyond the existing force structure, and the resources needed for their support, to meet 

the total requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat 

to the national security. (JP 4-05)

toxic industrial biological — Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or 

stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious or 

toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11)

toxic industrial chemical — A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial 

operations or research by industry, government, or academia that poses a hazard. Also 

called TIC. (JP 3-11)

toxic industrial material — A generic term for toxic, chemical, biological, or radioactive 

substances in solid, liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for 

use, for industrial, commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes. Also called 

TIM. (JP 3-11)

toxic industrial radiological — Any radiological material manufactured, used, transported, 

or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes. Also called TIR. (JP 3-11)

track — 1. A series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display 

device. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. 3. To lock 

onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly aimed, 

or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The actual 

path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two endless 

belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a path for 

a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a mounted 

machine gun. (JP 3-01)

track correlation — Correlating track information for identification purposes using all 

available data. (JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

248 JP 1-02

tracking — Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other 

means. (JP 3-07.4)

track management — Defined set of procedures whereby the commander ensures accurate 

friendly and enemy unit and/or platform locations, and a dissemination procedure for 

filtering, combining, and passing that information to higher, adjacent, and subordinate 

commanders. (JP 3-01)

track of interest — In counterdrug operations, contacts that meet the initial identification 

criteria applicable in the area where the contacts are detected. Also called TOI. See also

suspect. (JP 3-07.4)

tradecraft — Specialized methods and equipment used in the organization and activity of 

intelligence organizations, especially techniques and methods for handling 

communications with agents. Operational practices and skills used in the performance 

of intelligence related duties. (JP 2-01.2)

traffic management — The direction, control, and supervision of all functions incident to 

the procurement and use of freight and passenger transportation services. (JP 4-09)

training aid — Any item developed or procured with the primary intent that it shall assist in 

training and the process of learning. (JP 1-06)

training and readiness oversight — The authority that combatant commanders may exercise 

over assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on active duty 

for training. Also called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1)

transient forces — Forces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the 

operational area of another command but are not under its operational control. See also 

force. (JP 1)

transit zone — The path taken by either airborne or seaborne smugglers. See also arrival 

zone. (JP 3-07.4)

transmission security — The component of communications security that results from all 

measures designed to protect communications from interception and exploitation by 

means other than cryptanalysis. Also called TRANSEC. See also communications 

security. (JP 6-0)

transnational threat — Any activity, individual, or group not tied to a particular country or 

region that operates across international boundaries and threatens United States national 

security or interests. (JP 3-26)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 249

transport area — In amphibious operations, an area assigned to a transport organization for 

the purpose of debarking troops and equipment. See also inner transport area; outer 

transport area. (JP 3-02)

transportation closure — The actual arrival date of a specified movement requirement at 

port of debarkation. (JP 3-35)

transportation component command — A major command of its parent Service under 

United States Transportation Command, which includes Air Force Air Mobility 

Command, Navy Military Sealift Command, and Army Military Surface Deployment 

and Distribution Command. Also called TCC. (JP 4-01.6)

transportation feasibility — A determination that the capability exists to move forces, 

equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the final destination within the time 

required. See also operation plan. (JP 4-09)

transportation feasible — A determination made by the supported commander that a draft 

operation plan can be supported with the apportioned transportation assets. (JP 5-0)

transportation priorities — Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its movement 

precedence. (JP 4-09)

transportation system —All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets engaged 

in the movement of United States forces and their supplies during military operations, 

involving both mature and immature theaters and at the strategic, operational, and tactical 

levels of war. (JP 4-01)

transport group — An element that directly deploys and supports the landing of the landing 

force, and is functionally designated as a transport group in the amphibious task force 

organization. (JP 3-02)

transshipment point — A location where material is transferred between vehicles. 

(JP 4-01.5)

troop space cargo — Cargo such as sea or barracks bags, bedding rolls or hammocks, locker 

trunks, and office equipment, normally stowed in an accessible place, as well as normal 

hand-carried combat equipment and weapons to be carried ashore by the assault troops. 

(JP 3-02.1)

turnaround — The length of time between arriving at a point and being ready to depart from 

that point. (JP 4-01.5)

turning movement — A variation of the envelopment in which the attacking force passes 

around or over the enemy’s principal defensive positions to secure objectives deep in the 

enemy’s rear to force the enemy to abandon his position or divert major forces to meet 

the threat. (JP 3-06)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

250 JP 1-02

two-person rule — A system designed to prohibit access by an individual to nuclear weapons 

and certain designated components by requiring the presence at all times of at least two 

authorized persons, each capable of detecting incorrect or unauthorized procedures with 

respect to the task to be performed.
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

U

JP 1-02 251

unanticipated target — A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist 

in the operational environment. See also operational area; target; target of 

opportunity. (JP 3-60)

unauthorized commitment — An agreement that is not binding solely because the United 

States Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that 

agreement on behalf of the United States Government. (JP 4-10)

uncertain environment — Operational environment in which host government forces, 

whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not have 

totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational area. 

(JP 3-0)

unconventional assisted recovery — Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by 

special operations forces. Also called UAR. See also authenticate; evader; recovery. 

(JP 3-50)

unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell — A compartmented special operations 

forces facility, established by the joint force special operations component commander, 

staffed on a continuous basis by supervisory personnel and tactical planners to 

coordinate, synchronize, and de-conflict nonconventional assisted recovery operations 

within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander. Also called UARCC. 

See also joint operations center; joint personnel recovery center; special operations 

forces; unconventional assisted recovery. (JP 3-50)

unconventional warfare — Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or 

insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by 

operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area. 

Also called UW. (JP 3-05)

undersea warfare — Military operations conducted to establish and maintain control of the 

undersea portion of the maritime domain. Also called USW. See also antisubmarine 

warfare; mine warfare. (JP 3-32)

underwater demolition — The destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles that is 

normally accomplished by underwater demolition teams. (JP 3-34)

underwater demolition team — A group of officers and enlisted specially trained and 

equipped to accomplish the destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles and 

associated tasks. Also called UDT. (JP 3-34)

unexploded explosive ordnance — Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, 

armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, 

projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, installations, 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

252 JP 1-02

personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or design or for any 

other cause. Also called UXO. See also explosive ordnance. (JP 3-15)

unified action — The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of 

governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of 

effort. (JP 1)

unified combatant command — See unified command. (JP 1)

unified command — A command with a broad continuing mission under a single 

commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military 

Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the Secretary 

of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 

Also called unified combatant command. See also combatant command; 

subordinate unified command. (JP 1)

Unified Command Plan — The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic 

guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, 

responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of 

responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional 

responsibilities for functional combatant commanders. Also called UCP. See also

combatant command; combatant commander. (JP 1)

uniformed services — The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Public Health Services. See also

Military Department; Service. (JP 1-0)

unit — 1. Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority. 2. An 

organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force. 3. A standard or basic 

quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or used. Also called unit of 

issue. 4. With regard to Reserve Component of the Armed Forces, a selected reserve 

unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit or 

to augment or be augmented by another unit. (JP 3-33)

unit aircraft — Those aircraft provided an aircraft unit for the performance of a flying 

mission. (JP 3-17)

United States — Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the 

United States, including a. United States territories; and b. Other areas over which the 

United States Government has complete jurisdiction and control or has exclusive 

authority or defense responsibility. (JP 1)

United States Armed Forces — Used to denote collectively the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, 

Air Force, and Coast Guard. See also Armed Forces of the United States. (JP 1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 253

United States controlled shipping — That shipping under United States flag and selected 

ships under foreign flag considered to be under effective United States control. See also 

effective United States controlled ships. (JP 4-01.2)

United States message text format — A program designed to enhance joint and combined 

combat effectiveness through standardization of message formats, data elements, and 

information exchange procedures. Also called USMTF. (JP 3-50)

United States Naval Ship — A public vessel of the United States that is in the custody of the 

Navy and is: a. Operated by the Military Sealift Command and manned by a civil service 

crew; or b. Operated by a commercial company under contract to the Military Sealift 

Command and manned by a merchant marine crew. Also called USNS. See also

Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2)

United States Signals Intelligence System — The unified organization of signals 

intelligence activities under the direction of the Director, National Security 

Agency/Chief, Central Security Service. It consists of the National Security 

Agency/Central Security Service, the components of the Military Services authorized to 

conduct signals intelligence, and such other entities (other than the Federal Bureau of 

Investigation) authorized by the National Security Council or the Secretary of Defense 

to conduct signals intelligence activities. Also called USSS. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2)

unit identification code — A six-character, alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies each 

Active, Reserve, and National Guard unit of the Armed Forces. Also called UIC. 

(JP 1-0)

unit line number — A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique increment 

of a unit deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and air, reception 

team, or trail party, in the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. 

(JP 3-35)

unit loading — The loading of troop units with their equipment and supplies in the same 

vessels, aircraft, or land vehicles. (JP 4-01.5)

unit movement control center — A temporary organization activated by major subordinate 

commands and subordinate units during deployment to control and manage marshalling 

and movement. Also called UMCC. See also deployment; marshaling; unit. 

(JP 3-35)

unit movement data — A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding 

transportability data. Tailored unit movement data has been modified to reflect a specific 

movement requirement. Also called UMD. (JP 3-35)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

254 JP 1-02

unit personnel and tonnage table — A table included in the loading plan of a combat-loaded 

ship as a recapitulation of totals of personnel and cargo by type, listing cubic 

measurements and weight. Also called UP&TT. (3-02.1)

unit type code — A Joint Chiefs of Staff developed and assigned code, consisting of five 

characters that uniquely identify a “type unit.” Also called UTC. (JP 4-02)

unity of command — The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander who 

has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a common 

purpose. (JP 3-0)

unity of effort — Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the 

participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization, which is the 

product of successful unified action. (JP 1)

Universal Joint Task List — A menu of capabilities that may be selected by a joint force 

commander to accomplish the assigned mission. Also called UJTL. (JP 3-33)

universal polar stereographic grid — A military grid prescribed for joint use in operations 

in limited areas and used for operations requiring precise position reporting. It covers 

areas between the 80 degree parallels and the poles. (JP 2-03)

Universal Time — A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the 

mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also 

called ZULU time. (Formerly called Greenwich Mean Time.) (JP 5-0)

unknown — 1. A code meaning “information not available.” 2. An unidentified target. An 

aircraft or ship that has not been determined to be hostile, friendly, or neutral using 

identification friend or foe and other techniques, but that must be tracked by air defense 

or naval engagement systems. 3. An identity applied to an evaluated track that has not 

been identified. See also assumed friend; friend; neutral; suspect. (JP 3-01)

unmanned aircraft — An aircraft that does not carry a human operator and is capable of 

flight with or without human remote control. Also called UA. (JP 3-30)

unmanned aircraft system — That system whose components include the necessary 

equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS.

(JP 3-30)

unplanned target — A target of opportunity that is known to exist in the operational 

environment. See also operational area; target; target of opportunity. (JP 3-60)

unrestricted reporting — A process that a Service member uses to disclose, without 

requesting confidentiality or restricted reporting, that he or she is the victim of a sexual 

assault. (JP 1-0)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 255

unstable patient — A patient whose physiological status is in fluctuation and for whom 

emergent, treatment, and/or surgical intervention are anticipated during treatment or 

evacuation; and the patient’s rapidly changing status and requirements are beyond the 

standard en route care capability and requires medical/surgical augmentation. (JP 4-02)

unstuffing — The removal of cargo from a container. Also called stripping. (JP 4-09)

use of force policy — Policy guidance issued by the Commandant, US Coast Guard, on the 

use of force and weapons. (JP 3-03)

US forces — All Armed Forces (including the Coast Guard) of the United States, any person 

in the Armed Forces of the United States, and all equipment of any description that either 

belongs to the US Armed Forces or is being used (including Type I and II Military Sealift 

Command vessels), escorted, or conveyed by the US Armed Forces. (JP 1)

US national — US citizen and US permanent and temporary legal resident aliens. (JP 1)

US person — For intelligence purposes, a US person is defined as one of the following: (1) 

a US citizen; (2) an alien known by the intelligence agency concerned to be a permanent 

resident alien; (3) an unincorporated association substantially composed of US citizens 

or permanent resident aliens; or (4) a corporation incorporated in the United States, 

except for those directed and controlled by a foreign government or governments. 

(JP 2-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

256 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

V

JP 1-02 257

validate — Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting 

combatant commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported 

commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information records 

in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for automation 

purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and availability of units 

and requirements. (JP 5-0)

validation — 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that 

confirms that an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently 

important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an 

existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. (JP 2-01) 2. A part of target 

development that ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in 

the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law war and rules of 

engagement. (JP 3-60) 3. In computer modeling and simulation, the process of 

determining the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate representation of 

the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the model or simulation. (JP 

3-35) 4. Execution procedure whereby all the information records in a time-phased force 

and deployment data are confirmed error free and accurately reflect the current status, 

attributes, and availability of units and requirements. See also time-phased force and 

deployment data; verification. (JP 3-35)

vehicle-borne improvised explosive device — A device placed or fabricated in an 

improvised manner on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, 

or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. Also 

called VBIED. (JP 3-10)

vehicle cargo — Wheeled or tracked equipment, including weapons, that require certain deck 

space, head room, and other definite clearance. (JP 4-01.2)

vehicle summary and priority table — A table detailing all vehicles by priority of 

debarkation from a combat-loaded ship. Also called VS&PT. (JP 3-02.1)

verification — 1. In arms control, any action, including inspection, detection, and 

identification, taken to ascertain compliance with agreed measures. (JP 3-41) 2. In 

computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining that a model or simulation 

implementation accurately represents the developer’s conceptual description and 

specifications. See also configuration management; validation. (JP 3-13.1)

vertical envelopment — A tactical maneuver in which troops that are air-dropped, airlanded, or inserted via air assault, attack the rear and flanks of a force, in effect cutting 

off or encircling the force.. (JP 3-18)

vertical replenishment — The use of a helicopter for the transfer of materiel to or from a 

ship. Also called VERTREP. (JP 3-04)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

258 JP 1-02

vertical stowage — A method of stowage in depth within a single compartment by which 

loaded items are continually accessible for unloading, and the unloading can be completed 

without corresponding changes or prior unloading of other cargo. (JP 3-02.1)

vetting — A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting 

intelligence to targeting. (JP 3-60)

visual information — Various visual media with or without sound. Generally, visual 

information includes still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, 

visual aids, models, display, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61)

visual meteorological conditions — Weather conditions in which visual flight rules apply; 

expressed in terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance from clouds along 

the path of flight. Also called VMC. See also instrument meteorological conditions. 

(JP 3-04)

Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement — An agreement that provides the Department 

of Defense with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and 

intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also 

called VISA. See also intermodal (JP 4-01.2)

voluntary tanker agreement — An agreement established by the Maritime Administration 

to provide for United States commercial tanker owners and operators to voluntarily make 

their vessels available to satisfy the Department of Defense to meet contingency or war 

requirements for point-to-point petroleum, oils, and lubricants movements. Also called 

VTA. (JP 4-01.2)

vulnerability — 1. The susceptibility of a nation or military force to any action by any means 

through which its war potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or its will to 

fight diminished. (JP 3-01) 2. The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a 

definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of having 

been subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile 

environment. (JP 3-60) 3. In information operations, a weakness in information system 

security design, procedures, implementation, or internal controls that could be exploited 

to gain unauthorized access to information or an information system. See also 

information operations. (JP 3-13)

vulnerability assessment — A Department of Defense, command, or unit-level evaluation 

(assessment) to determine the vulnerability of an installation, unit, exercise, port, ship, 

residence, facility, or other site to a terrorist attack. Also called VA. (JP 3-07.2)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

W

JP 1-02 259

walk-in — An unsolicited contact who provides information. (JP 2-01.2)

warden system — An informal method of communication used to pass information to US 

citizens during emergencies. See also noncombatant evacuation operations. 

(JP 3-68)

warning intelligence — Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report timesensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that forewarn of hostile 

actions or intention against United States entities, partners, or interests. (JP 2-0)

warning order — 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. 2. A planning 

directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of action by a 

supported commander and requests that the supported commander submit a commander’s 

estimate. 3. A planning directive that describes the situation, allocates forces and resources, 

establishes command relationships, provides other initial planning guidance, and initiates 

subordinate unit mission planning. Also called WARNORD. (JP 5-0)

war reserve materiel requirement — That portion of the war materiel requirement required 

to be on hand on D-day. This level consists of the war materiel requirement less the sum 

of the peacetime assets assumed to be available on D-day and the war materiel 

procurement capability. (JP 4-02)

war reserves — Stocks of materiel amassed in peacetime to meet the increase in military 

requirements consequent upon an outbreak of war. (JP 4-01.5)

war reserve stock — That portion of total materiel assets designated to satisfy the war reserve 

materiel requirement. Also called WRS. See also reserve; war reserve materiel 

requirement; war reserves. (JP 2-03)

wartime reserve modes — Characteristics and operating procedures of sensor, 

communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures 

systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to or misunderstood by 

opposing commanders before they are used, but could be exploited or neutralized if 

known in advance. Also called WARM. (JP 3-13.1)

Washington Liaison Group — An interagency committee and/or joint monitoring body, 

chaired by the Department of State with representation from the Department of Defense, 

established to coordinate the preparation and implementation of plans for evacuation of 

United States citizens abroad in emergencies. Also called WLG. (JP 3-68)

waterspace management — The allocation of waterspace in terms of antisubmarine warfare 

attack procedures to permit the rapid and effective engagement of hostile submarines 

while preventing inadvertent attacks on friendly submarines. Also called WSM. 

(JP 3-32)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

260 JP 1-02

wave — A formation of forces, including ships, landing craft, amphibious vehicles or aircraft, 

required to beach or land about the same time. (JP 3-02)

weaponeer — An individual who has completed requisite training to determine the quantity 

and type of lethal or nonlethal means required to create a desired effect on a given target. 

(JP 3-60)

weaponeering — The process of determining the quantity of a specific type of lethal or 

nonlethal means required to create a desired effect on a given target. (JP 3-60)

weapon engagement zone — In air defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which 

the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon 

system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01)

weapons control status — An air defense control measure declared for a particular area and 

time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, based on 

the rules of engagement designed to establish the freedom for fighters and surface air 

defense weapons to engage threats. Also call WCS. (JP 3-01)

weapons free zone — An air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or 

facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not 

positively recognized as friendly. (JP 3-01)

weapons of mass destruction — Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons 

capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties, and excluding the 

means of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and 

divisible part from the weapon. Also called WMD. See also special operations. 

(JP 3-40)

weapons of mass destruction proliferation — The transfer of weapons of mass destruction 

or related materials, technology, and expertise from suppliers to state or non-state actors. 

(JP 3-40)

weapons readiness state — The degree of readiness of air defense weapons which can 

become airborne or be launched to carry out an assigned task and normally expressed in 

numbers of weapons and numbers of minutes. (JP 3-01)

weapons release authority — The authority originating from the President to engage or 

direct engagement of ballistic missile threats using ground-based interceptors of the 

ground-based midcourse defense. Also call WRA. (JP 3-01)

weapons technical intelligence — A category of intelligence and processes derived from the 

technical and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, 

associated components, improvised weapons, and other weapon systems. Also called 

WTI. (JP 3-15.1)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

JP 1-02 261

weapon system — A combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment, 

materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and deployment (if applicable) 

required for self-sufficiency. (JP 3-0)

wellness — Force health protection program that consolidates and incorporates physical and 

mental fitness, health promotion, and environmental and occupational health. See also 

force health protection. (JP 4-02)

wharf — A structure built of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank that 

provides cargo-handling facilities. See also quay. (JP 4-01.5)

wing — 1. An Air Force unit composed normally of one primary mission group and the 

necessary supporting organizations. 2. A fleet air wing is the basic organizational and 

administrative unit for naval-, land-, and tender-based aviation. 3. A balanced Marine 

Corps task organization of aircraft groups and squadrons, together with appropriate 

command, air control, administrative, service, and maintenance units. 4. A flank unit; 

that part of a military force to the right or left of the main body. (JP 3-09.3)

withdrawal operation — A planned retrograde operation in which a force in contact 

disengages from an enemy force and moves in a direction away from the enemy. 

(JP 3-17)

witting — A term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or piece 

of information but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. (JP 2-01.2)

wounded warrior programs — A system of support and advocacy to guide and assist the 

wounded, ill, and injured Service members and family or designated caregiver through 

treatment, rehabilitation, return to duty, or military retirement into the civilian 

community. Each Military Department has a unique wounded warrior program that 

addresses its Service members' needs. (DODI 6025.22)

working capital fund — A revolving fund established to finance inventories of supplies and 

other stores, or to provide working capital for industrial-type activities. (JP 1-06)

working group — An enduring or ad hoc organization within a joint force commander’s 

headquarters consisting of a core functional group and other staff and component 

representatives whose purpose is to provide analysis on the specific function to users. 

Also called WG. (JP 3-33)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

262 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

X

JP 1-02 263
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

264 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

Y

JP 1-02 265
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

266 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

Z

JP 1-02 267

zone of action — A tactical subdivision of a larger area, the responsibility for which is 

assigned to a tactical unit; generally applied to offensive action. (JP 3-09)

zone of fire — An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or 

is prepared to deliver, fire support. Also called ZF. (JP 3-09)

ZULU time — See Universal Time.
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

268 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

APPENDIX A

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

JP 1-02 A-1

A

A analog 

A&P administrative and personnel; analysis and production

A-1 director of manpower, personnel, and services 

(Air Force)

A2 antiaccess

A2C2 Army airspace command and control 

A-2 intelligence staff officer (Air Force)

A-3 operations directorate (COMAFFOR staff); 

operations staff officer (Air Force)

A-4 director of logistics (Air Force)

A-5 plans directorate (COMAFFOR staff)

A-6 communications staff officer (Air Force)

A-7 director of installations and mission support (Air Force)

AA assessment agent; avenue of approach 

AA&E arms, ammunition, and explosives

AAA antiaircraft artillery; arrival and assembly area; assign 

alternate area

AABB American Association of Blood Banks 

AABWS amphibious assault bulk water system 

AAC activity address code 

AACG arrival airfield control group 

AADC area air defense commander 

AADP area air defense plan

AAEC aeromedical evacuation control team 

AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service

AAFIF automated air facility information file

AAFS amphibious assault fuel system

AAFSF amphibious assault fuel supply facility 

AAG aeronautical assignment group

AAGS Army air-ground system 

AAI air-to-air interface

AAM air-to-air missile

AAMDC United States Army Air and Missile Defense Command

AAOE arrival and assembly operations element

AAOG arrival and assembly operations group

AAP Allied administrative publication; assign alternate parent

AAR after action report; after action review; air-to-air refueling 

area

AAS amphibious assault ship

AAST aeromedical evacuation administrative support team 

AAT automatic analog test; aviation advisory team 

AATCC amphibious air traffic control center
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-2 JP 1-02

AAU analog applique unit 

AAV amphibious assault vehicle

AAW antiair warfare 

AB air base 

ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand

ABCS Army Battle Command System

ABD airbase defense

ABFC advanced base functional component

ABFDS aerial bulk fuel delivery system 

ABFS amphibious bulk fuel system 

ABGD air base ground defense

ABIS Automated Biometric Identification System

ABL airborne laser

ABLTS amphibious bulk liquid transfer system

ABM antiballistic missile 

ABN airborne 

ABNCP Airborne Command Post 

ABO air base operability; blood typing system 

ABP air battle plan

A/C aircraft 

AC Active Component; alternating current

AC2 airspace command and control

AC-130 Hercules

ACA air clearance authority; airlift clearance authority; 

airspace control authority; airspace coordination area 

ACAA automatic chemical agent alarm 

ACAPS area communications electronics capabilities 

ACAT aeromedical evacuation command augmentation team 

ACB amphibious construction battalion

ACC Air Combat Command; air component commander; area 

coordination center; Army Contracting Command

ACCE air component coordination element 

ACCON acoustic condition

ACCS air command and control system 

ACCSA Allied Communications and Computer Security Agency 

ACD automated cargo documentation

ACDO assistant command duty officer

ACE airborne command element (USAF); air combat element 

(NATO); Allied Command Europe; aviation combat 

element (USMC)

ACEOI automated communications-electronics operating 

instructions 

ACF air contingency force 

ACI assign call inhibit 

ACIC Army Counterintelligence Center 

ACINT acoustic intelligence 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-3

ACK acknowledgement 

ACL access control list; allowable cabin load 

ACLANT Allied Command Atlantic 

ACLP affiliated contingency load planning

ACM advanced conventional munitions; advanced cruise missile; 

air combat maneuver; air contingency Marine air-ground 

task force (MAGTF); airspace coordinating measure 

ACMREQ airspace control means request; airspace coordination 

measures request 

ACN assign commercial network 

ACO administrative contracting officer; airspace control order

ACOA adaptive course of action 

ACOC area communications operations center

ACOCC air combat operations command center

ACOS assistant chief of staff

ACP access control point; air commander’s pointer; airspace 

control plan; Allied communications publication; 

assign common pool 

ACR armored cavalry regiment (Army); 

assign channel reassignment 

ACS agile combat support; air-capable ship; airspace control 

system; auxiliary crane ship

ACSA acquisition and cross-servicing agreement; Allied 

Communications Security Agency

AC/S, C4I Assistant Chief of Staff, Command, Control, 

Communications, Computers, and Intelligence 

(USMC) 

ACT activity; advance civilian team; 

Allied Command Transformation 

ACU assault craft unit 

ACV aircraft cockpit video; armored combat vehicle

ACW advanced conventional weapons

A/D analog-to-digital 

AD active duty; advanced deployability; air defense; 

area denial; automatic distribution; priority add-on

ADA aerial damage assessment; air defense artillery

A/DACG arrival/departure airfield control group 

ADAFCO air defense artillery fire control officer

ADAL authorized dental allowance list 

ADAM air defense airspace management

ADAM/BAE air defense airspace management/brigade aviation element

ADAMS Allied Deployment and Movement System 

ADANS Air Mobility Command Deployment Analysis System

ADC air defense commander; area damage control 

ADCAP advanced capability

A/DCG arrival/departure control group 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-4 JP 1-02

ADCI/MS Associate Director of Central Intelligence for Military 

Support 

ADCON administrative control 

ADD assign on-line diagnostic 

ADDO Assistant Deputy Director for Operations 

ADDO(MS) Assistant Deputy Director for Operations/Military 

Support 

ADE airdrop damage estimate; assign digit editing

ADF automatic direction finding 

ADIZ air defense identification zone 

ADKC/RCU Automatic Key Distribution Center/Rekeying Control Unit 

ADL advanced distributed learning; assign XX (SL) routing 

ADM air defense measure

ADMIN administration 

ADN Allied Command Europe desired ground zero number 

ADNET anti-drug network 

ADOC air defense operations center 

ADP air defense plan; Army doctrine publication; automated 

data processing

ADPE automated data processing equipment 

ADPS automatic data processing system 

ADR accident data recorder; aircraft damage repair; airfield 

damage repair

ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency 

ADRP Army doctrine reference publication

ADS air defense section; air defense sector; 

amphibian discharge site; authoritative data source

ADSIA Allied Data Systems Interoperability Agency 

ADSW active duty for special work

ADT active duty for training; assign digital transmission group; 

automatic digital tester

ADUSD(TP) Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, 

Transportation Policy 

ADVON advanced echelon 

ADW air defense warnings

ADWC air defense warning condition 

ADZ amphibious defense zone

A/E ammunition/explosives

AE aeromedical evacuation; assault echelon; attenuation 

equalizer 

AEC aeromedical evacuation crew 

AECA Arms Export Control Act 

AECM aeromedical evacuation crew member 

AECS aeromedical evacuation command squadron

AECT aeromedical evacuation control team

AEG air expeditionary group
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-5

AEHF advanced extremely high frequency

AELT aeromedical evacuation liaison team 

AEOS aeromedical evacuation operations squadron 

AEOT aeromedical evacuation operations team

AEPS aircrew escape propulsion system 

AEPST aeromedical evacuation plans and strategy team 

AES aeromedical evacuation squadron

AESC aeromedical evacuation support cell

AET airport emergency team

AETC Air Education and Training Command

AETF air expeditionary task force

A/ETF automated/electronic target folder 

AEU assign essential user bypass 

AEW airborne early warning

AF Air Force; Air Force (form); amphibious force

AF/A2 Air Force Director of Intelligence, Surveillance, 

and Reconnaissance

AFAARS Air Force After Action Reporting System

AFAPD Air Force Applications Program Development

AFARN Air Force air request net 

AFATDS Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System 

AFB Air Force base

AFC area frequency coordinator; automatic frequency control

AFCA Air Force Communications Agency

AFCAP Air Force contract augmentation program; Armed 

Forces contract augmentation program

AFCB Armed Forces Chaplains Board

AFCC Air Force Component Commander

AFCCC Air Force Combat Climatology Center

AFCEC Air Force Civil Engineer Center

AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment

AFCENT Allied Forces Central Europe (NATO) 

AFCERT Air Force computer emergency response team

AFCESA Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency

AFD assign fixed directory 

AFDA Air Force doctrine annex

AFDC Air Force Doctrine Center 

AFDD Air Force doctrine document 

AFDIGS Air Force digital graphics system 

AFDIL Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory 

AFDIS Air Force Weather Agency Dial In Subsystem

AF/DP Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, United States Air Force 

AFE Armed Forces Entertainment 

AFEES Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station 

AFFIS Air Facilities File Information System 

AFFMA Air Force Frequency Management Agency
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-6 JP 1-02

AFFOR Air Force forces 

AFH Air Force handbook 

AFHSC Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center

AFI Air Force instruction

AFIAA Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency

AFICA Air Force Installation Contracting Agency

AFID anti-fratricide identification device 

AF/IL Deputy Chief of Staff for Installations and Logistics, USAF

AFIP Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 

AFIRB Armed Forces Identification Review Board

AFIS American Forces Information Service

AFISRA Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and 

Reconnaissance Agency

AFIWC Air Force Information Warfare Center 

AFJI Air Force joint instruction 

AFJMAN Air Force Joint Manual 

AFLC Air Force Logistics Command 

AFLE Air Force liaison element 

AFLNO Air Force liaison officer 

AFMAN Air Force manual 

AFMC Air Force Materiel Command

AFMD Air Force Mission Directive 

AFME Armed Forces Medical Examiner

AFMES Armed Forces Medical Examiner System 

AFMIC Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center 

AFMLO Air Force Medical Logistics Office

AFMS Air Force Medical Service

AFNORTH Air Force North; Allied Forces Northern Europe (NATO)

AFNORTHWEST Allied Forces North West Europe (NATO)

AFNSEP Air Force National Security and Emergency Preparedness

Agency

AFO advance force operations

AFOA Air Force Operations Activity

AFOE assault follow-on echelon 

AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations 

AFPAM Air Force pamphlet

AFPC Air Force Personnel Center

AFPD Air Force policy directive

AFPEO Armed Forces Professional Entertainment Overseas 

AFR Air Force Reserve; assign frequency for network reporting

AFRAT Air Force Radiation Assessment Team

AFRC Air Force Reserve Command; Armed Forces Recreation 

Center

AFRCC Air Force rescue coordination center 

AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory

AFRRI Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-7

AFRTS American Forces Radio and Television Service 

AFS aeronautical fixed service 

AFSATCOM Air Force satellite communications (system)

AFSB afloat forward staging base; Army field support brigade

AFSC Armed Forces Staff College; Army Field Support Center;

United States Air Force specialty code 

AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network

AFSMO Air Force Spectrum Management Office

AFSOAC Air Force special operations air component

AFSOAD Air Force special operations air detachment

AFSOAE Air Force special operations air element

AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command 

AFSOCC Air Force special operations control center 

AFSOF Air Force special operations forces 

AFSOUTH Allied Forces, South (NATO) 

AFSPACE United States Space Command Air Force

AFSPC Air Force Space Command

AFSPOC Air Force Space Operations Center

AFSTRAT Air Forces Strategic

AFTAC Air Force Technical Applications Center 

AFTH Air Force Theater Hospital

AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network 

AFTO Air Force technical order

AFTRANS Air Force Transportation Component

AFTTP Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures; Air Force 

technical training publication 

AFTTP(I) Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (instruction)

AFW Air Force Weather

AFWA Air Force Weather Agency

AFWCF Air Force working capital fund

AFWIN Air Force Weather Information Network

AF/XO Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, United 

States Air Force 

AF/XOI Air Force Director of Intelligence, Surveillance, and 

Reconnaissance 

AF/XOO Director of Operations, United States Air Force 

A/G air to ground 

AG adjutant general (Army) 

AGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development 

AGE aerospace ground equipment 

AGIL airborne general illumination lightself

AGL above ground level 

AGM-28A Hound Dog

AGM-65 Maverick

AGM-69 short range attack missile

AGR Active Guard and Reserve 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-8 JP 1-02

AGS aviation ground support 

AH attack helicopter

AHA alert holding area

AHD antihandling device

AI acquisition instruction; airborne interceptor; 

air interdiction; area of interest

AIA Air Intelligence Agency 

AIASA annual integrated assessment for security assistance 

AIC air intercept controller; assign individual compressed 

dial; Atlantic Intelligence Command

AICF/USA Action Internationale Contre La Faim (International Action 

Against Hunger) 

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 

AIF automated installation intelligence file 

AIFA AAFES Imprest Fund Activity

AIG addressee indicator group 

AIIRS automated intelligence information reporting system 

AIK assistance in kind

AIM Airman’s Information Manual 

AIM-7 Sparrow

AIM-9 Sidewinder

AIM-54A Phoenix

AIMD aircraft intermediate maintenance department 

AIMT air interdiction of maritime targets

AIP aeronautical information publication

AIQC antiterrorism instructor qualification course

AIRBAT Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 

Requirements-Based Allocation Tool 

AIRCENT Allied Air Forces Central Europe (NATO)

AIRCOR air corridor

AIRES advanced imagery requirements exploitation system 

AIREVACCONFIRM air evacuation confirmation 

AIREVACREQ air evacuation request 

AIREVACRESP air evacuation response 

AIRNORTHWEST Allied Air Forces North West Europe (NATO)

AIRREQRECON air request reconnaissance 

AIRSOUTH Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (NATO)

AIRSUPREQ air support request 

AIS automated information system

AIT aeromedical isolation team; automatic identification 

technology; automated information technology

AIU Automatic Digital Network Interface Unit

AJ anti-jam 

AJBPO area joint blood program office

AJCC alternate joint communications center 

AJ/CM anti-jam control modem 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-9

AJD allied joint doctrine

AJF allied joint force

AJFP adaptive joint force packaging

AJMRO area joint medical regulating office 

AJNPE airborne joint nuclear planning element 

AJODWG allied joint operations doctrine working group

AJP allied joint publication

AK commercial cargo ship 

AKNLDG acknowledge message 

ALARA as low as reasonably achievable

ALCC airlift control center

ALCE airlift control element 

ALCF airlift control flight 

ALCG analog line conditioning group 

ALCM air-launched cruise missile 

ALCOM United States Alaskan Command 

ALCON all concerned 

ALCS airlift control squadron 

ALCT airlift control team

ALD airborne laser designator; available-to-load date

ALE airlift liaison element

ALEP amphibious lift enhancement program

ALERFA alert phase (ICAO) 

ALERT attack and launch early reporting to theater

ALERTORD alert order 

ALLOREQ air allocation request; allocation request

ALLTV all light level television

ALMSNSCD airlift mission schedule 

ALN ammunition lot number

ALNOT alert notice

ALO air liaison officer 

ALOC air line of communications 

ALORD alert launch order 

ALP allied logistic publication 

ALSA Air Land Sea Application (Center)

ALSE aviation life support equipment

ALSS advanced logistic support site

ALT acquisition, logistics, and technology

ALTD airborne laser target designator

ALTRV altitude reservation 

ALTTSC alternate Tomahawk strike coordinator

A/M approach and moor 

AM amplitude modulation 

AMAL authorized medical allowance list 

AMB air mobility branch; ambassador 

AMBUS ambulance bus 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-10 JP 1-02

AMC airborne mission coordinator; Air Mobility Command; 

Army Materiel Command: midpoint compromise 

search area

AMCC allied movement coordination center; alternate military 

command center 

AMCIT American citizen 

AMCM airborne mine countermeasures 

AMC/SGXM Air Mobility Command/Command Surgeon’s Office

AMCT air mobility control team 

AMD air and missile defense; air mobility division

AMDC air and missile defense commander

AME antenna mounted electronics 

AMEDD Army Medical Department

AMEDDCS U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School

AMedP allied medical publication

AMEMB American Embassy

AMETL agency mission-essential task list

AMF(L) ACE Mobile Force (Land) (NATO) 

AMH automated message handler 

AMHS automated message handling system

AMIO alien migrant interdiction operations

AMLO air mobility liaison officer

AMMO ammunition 

AMOC Air and Marine Operations Center (DHS)

AMOCC air mobility operations control center

AMOG air mobility operations group

AMOPES Army Mobilization and Operations Planning and 

Execution System 

AMOPS Army mobilization and operations planning system; Army 

mobilization operations system

AMOS air mobility operations squadron 

AMOSS Air and Marine Operations Surveillance System

AMOW air mobility operations wing

AMP amplifier; analysis of mobility platform

AMPE automated message processing exchange 

AMPN amplification 

AMP-PAT analysis of mobility platform suite of port analysis tools

AMPSSO Automated Message Processing System Security Office 

(or Officer) 

AMRAAM advanced medium-range air-to-air missile 

AMS Aerial Measuring System (DOE); air mobility squadron; 

Army management structure; Asset Management 

System

AMSS air mobility support squadron 

AMS-TAC Automated Manifesting System–Tactical

AMT aerial mail terminal 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-11

amu atomic mass unit

AMVER automated mutual-assistance vessel rescue system

AMW air mobility wing; amphibious warfare

AMX air mobility express

AN alphanumeric; analog nonsecure 

ANCA Allied Naval Communications Agency 

ANDVT advanced narrowband digital voice terminal 

ANG Air National Guard 

ANGLICO air-naval gunfire liaison company

ANGUS Air National Guard of the United States

A/NM administrative/network management 

ANMCC Alternate National Military Command Center 

ANN assign NNX routing 

ANR Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command 

Region

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ANX assign NNXX routing 

ANY assign NYX routing 

ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Treaty 

AO action officer; administration officer; air officer; area of 

operations; aviation ordnance person 

AO&M administration, operation, and maintenance 

AOA amphibious objective area 

AOB aviation operations branch

AOC air operations center; Army operations center

AOCC air operations control center 

AOC-E Aviation Operations Center-East (USCS) 

AOCU analog orderwire control unit 

AOC-W Aviation Operations Center-West (USCS) 

AOD air operations directive; on-line diagnostic 

AODB air operations database

AOF azimuth of fire 

AOG Army Operations Group

AOI area of interest 

AOP air operations plan; area of probability

AOR area of responsibility 

AOS aircraft on station

AOSS aviation ordnance safety supervisor 

AOTR Aviation Operational Threat Response

AP allied publication; antipersonnel; average power 

APA Army pre-positioned afloat 

APAN All Partners Access Network; Asia-Pacific Area Network 

APC aerial port commander; assign 

preprogrammed conference list 

APCC alternate processing and correlation center 

APE airfield pavement evaluation
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-12 JP 1-02

APES Automated Patient Evacuation System 

APEX Adaptive Planning and Execution

APF afloat pre-positioning force 

APG aimpoint graphic 

APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)

APIC allied press information center

APL antipersonnel land mine

APO afloat pre-positioning operations; Air Force post office; 

Army post office 

APOD aerial port of debarkation 

APOE aerial port of embarkation 

APORT aerial port

APORTSREP air operations bases report 

APP allied procedural publication

APPS analytical photogrammetric positioning system

APR assign primary zone routing 

APS aerial port squadron; Army pre-positioned stocks

APS-3 afloat pre-positioning stocks; Army pre-positioned 

stocks-3

APTD aircraft position target designation

APU auxiliary power unit 

AR air refueling; Army regulation; Army reserve

ARB alternate recovery base; assign receive bypass lists

ARBS angle rate bombing system 

ARC air Reserve Components; American Red Cross

ARCENT United States Army Central Command

ARCT air refueling control team

ARDF automatic radio direction finding 

AREC air resource element coordinator 

ARFOR Army forces 

ARG Accident Response Group (DOE); amphibious ready 

group 

ARGO automatic ranging grid overlay 

ARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated 

ARL-M airborne reconnaissance low-multifunction 

ARM air reference measure; antiradiation missile

ARNG Army National Guard 

ARNGUS Army National Guard of the United States 

ARP air refueling point

ARPERCEN United States Army Reserve Personnel Center 

ARQ automatic request-repeat 

ARRC Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps (NATO) 

ARRDATE arrival date 

ARS acute radiation syndrome; air rescue service 

ARSOA Army special operations aviation 

ARSOF Army special operations forces 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-13

ARSOTF Army special operations task force 

ARSPACE Army Space Command

ARSPOC Army space operations center 

ART air reserve technician

ARTS III Automated Radar Tracking System 

ARTYMET artillery meteorological

AS analog secure

A/S anti-spoofing 

ASA automatic spectrum analyzer

ASA(ALT) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, 

Logistics, and Technology

ASAP as soon as possible

ASARS Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar System

ASAS All Source Analysis System 

ASAT antisatellite weapon

ASB naval advanced support base

ASBP Armed Services Blood Program 

ASBPO Armed Services Blood Program Office 

ASC acting service chief; Aeronautical Systems Center; Air 

Systems Command; Army Sustainment Command; 

assign switch classmark; Automatic Digital Network 

switching center

ASCC Air Standardization Coordinating Committee; 

Army Service component command; 

Army Service component commander

ASCIET all Services combat identification evaluation team

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange

ASCOPE areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and 

events

ASCS air support control section; air support coordination

section

ASD Assistant Secretary of Defense

ASD(A&L) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Logistics) 

ASD(C) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) 

ASD(C3I) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, 

Communications, and Intelligence) 

ASD(FM&P) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and 

Personnel) 

ASD(FMP) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management Policy)

ASD(GSA) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic

Affairs

ASD(HA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) 

ASD(HD) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense)

ASD(HD&ASA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and 

Americas’ Security Affairs)

ASDI analog simple data interface 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-14 JP 1-02

ASDIA All-Source Document Index

ASD(ISA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security 

Affairs) 

ASD(ISP) Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security 

Policy) 

ASD(LA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) 

ASD(L&MR) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel 

Readiness

ASD(NII) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information 

Integration) 

ASD(OEPP) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Operational Energy 

Plans and Programs

ASD(P&L) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and 

Logistics) 

ASD(PA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) 

ASD(PA&E) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and 

Evaluation) 

ASD(RA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) 

ASD(RSA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Regional Security Affairs) 

ASD(S&R) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Requirements)

ASD(SO/LIC) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and 

Low-Intensity Conflict 

ASD(SO/LIC&IC) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations

and Low-Intensity Conflict and Interdependent 

Capabilities 

ASE aircraft survivability equipment; automated stabilization 

equipment

ASF aeromedical staging facility 

ASG Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence; 

area support group 

ASH Assistant Administrator for Security and Hazardous 

Materials; Assistant Secretary for Health (DHHS)

ASI assign and display switch initialization 

ASIC Air and Space Interoperability Council

ASIF Airlift Support Industrial Fund 

ASL allowable supply list; archipelagic sea lane; assign switch 

locator (SL) routing; authorized stockage list (Army)

ASLT air support liaison team; assault support landing table

ASM air-to-surface missile; armored scout mission; Army 

Spectrum Manager; automated scheduling message

ASMD antiship missile defense 

ASMO Army Spectrum Management Office

ASN(RD&A) Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, 

Development and Acquisition

ASO advanced special operations; air support operations

ASOC air support operations center 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-15

ASOFDTG as of date/time group 

ASP ammunition supply point

ASPA American Service-Members’ Protection Act

A-Space Analytic Space

ASPP acquisition systems protection program 

ASPPO Armed Service Production Planning Office 

ASPR Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and 

Response (DHHS)

ASR air support request; available supply rate

ASSETREP transportation assets report

AST assign secondary traffic channels 

ASTS aeromedical staging squadron 

ASW antisubmarine warfare; average surface wind 

ASWBPL Armed Services Whole Blood Processing Laboratories 

ASWC antisubmarine warfare commander 

AT antitank; antiterrorism

At total attainable search area 

ATA Airlift Tanker Association; antiterrorism assistance

ATAC antiterrorism alert center (Navy) 

ATACC advanced tactical air command center

ATACMS Army Tactical Missile System 

ATACO air tactical actions control officer 

ATACS Army Tactical Communications System 

ATAF Allied Tactical Air Force (NATO) 

ATBM antitactical ballistic missile 

ATC Air Threat Conference; air traffic control; 

air transportable clinic (USAF)

ATCA Allied Tactical Communications Agency 

ATCAA air traffic control assigned airspace 

ATCC Antiterrorism Coordinating Committee 

ATCC-SSG Antiterrorism Coordinating Committee-Senior Steering 

Group 

ATCM air traffic control measure

ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System 

ATCS air traffic control section 

ATDLS Advanced Tactical Data Link System

ATDM adaptive time division multiplexer 

ATDS airborne tactical data system 

ATEP Antiterrorism Enterprise Portal 

ATF Advanced Targeting FLIR; amphibious task force; Bureau 

of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (DOJ)

AT/FP antiterrorism/force protection

ATG amphibious task group; assign trunk group cluster 

ATGM antitank guided missile; antitank guided munition 

ATH air transportable hospital; assign thresholds

ATHS Airborne Target Handover System 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-16 JP 1-02

ATI asset target interaction

ATM advanced trauma management; air target material; assign 

traffic metering 

ATMCT air terminal movement control team 

ATMP Air Target Materials Program 

ATN assign thresholds 

AtN attack the network

ATO air tasking order; antiterrorism officer

ATOC air tactical operations center; air terminal operations center

ATP advanced targeting pod; allied tactical publication; Army 

tactical publication; Army technical publication

ATR attrition reserve

ATS air traffic service; assign terminal service 

ATSD(AE) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy) 

ATSD(IO) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Intelligence Oversight) 

ATSD(NCB) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and 

Chemical and Biological Defense Programs 

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (DHHS)

ATT assign terminal type

ATTP Army tactics, techniques, and procedures

ATTU air transportable treatment unit 

ATWG antiterrorism working group 

AU African Union

AUEL automated unit equipment list 

AUF airborne use of force

AUG application user group 

AUIC active duty unit identification code

AUSCANNZUKUS Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, United Kingdom, 

United States

AUTODIN Automatic Digital Network 

AUX auxiliary 

AV air vehicle; asset visibility 

AV-8 Harrier

AVC Bureau of Arms Control, Verification, and 

Compliance (DOS)

AVCAL aviation consolidated allowance list

AVDTG analog via digital trunk group 

AVGAS aviation gasoline

AVIM aviation intermediate maintenance 

AVL anti-vehicle land mine; assign variable location 

AVOU analog voice orderwire unit 

AVOW analog voice orderwire 

AVS asset validation system; asset visibility system;

audiovisual squadron

AVUM aviation unit maintenance 

AV/VI audiovisual/visual information 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-17

AW air warfare

AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System 

AWC air warfare commander

AWCAP airborne weapons corrective action program 

AWDS automated weather distribution system

AWG Asymmetric Warfare Group (Army)

AWN Automated Weather Network 

AWOL absent without leave 

AWS Air Weather Service 

AWSE armament weapons support equipment 

AWSIM air warfare simulation model 

AWSR Air Weather Service regulation

AXO abandoned explosive ordnance

AXX assign XXX routing 

AZR assign zone restriction lists 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-18 JP 1-02

B

B cross-over barrier pattern 

B-52 Stratofortress

B&A boat and aircraft 

BAE brigade aviation element

BAF backup alert force 

BAG baggage 

BAH basic allowance for housing 

BAI backup aircraft inventory; battlefield air interdiction 

BALO battalion air liaison officer

BALS berthing and loading schedule

BAS basic allowance for subsistence; battalion aid station

BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 

B/B baseband

BB breakbulk 

bbl barrel (42 US gallons) 

BC bottom current 

BCA border crossing authority

BCAT beddown capability assessment tool

BCC battle control center

BCD battlefield coordination detachment 

BCG beach control group

BCI bit count integrity 

BCL battlefield coordination line

BCN beacon 

BCOC base cluster operations center 

BCR baseline change request 

BCT brigade combat team 

BCTP battle command training program

BCU beach clearance unit 

BD barge derrick

BDA battle damage assessment

BDAREP battle damage assessment report 

BDC blood donor center 

BDE brigade

BDL beach discharge lighter 

BDOC base defense operations center 

BDR battle damage repair

BDRP Biological Defense Research Program

BDZ base defense zone

BE basic encyclopedia 

BEAR base expeditionary airfield resources

BEE bioenvironmental engineering officer

BEI biometrics-enabled intelligence

BEN base encyclopedia number
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-19

BE number basic encyclopedia number 

BER bit error ratio 

BES budget estimate submission 

BEST border enforcement security task force

BfV Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (federal office for 

defending the Constitution) 

BGC boat group commander 

BHR Bureau of Humanitarian Response

BI battlefield injury; battle injury

BIA behavioral influences analysis; Bureau of Indian Affairs 

BIAR biometric intelligence analysis report

BIAS Battlefield Illumination Assistance System 

BICES battlefield information collection and exploitation 

system (NATO)

BICON double container

BIDDS Base Information Digital Distribution System 

BIDE basic identity data element 

BIFC Boise Interagency Fire Center 

BIFS Border Intelligence Fusion Section

BIH International Time Bureau (Bureau International 

d’l’Heure)

BII base information infrastructure

BIMA Biometrics Identity Management Agency

BINM Bureau of International Narcotics Matters 

BIO biological; Bureau of International Organizations 

BIS Bureau of Industry and Security

BISS base installation security system

BIT built-in test 

BITE built-in test equipment

BIU beach interface unit 

BKA Bundeskriminalamt (federal criminal office) 

BKB blue kill box

BL biocontainment level

BLCP beach lighterage control point 

BLDREP blood report 

BLDSHIPREP blood shipment report 

BLM Bureau of Land Management 

BLOS beyond line-of-sight

BLT battalion landing team 

BM ballistic missile; battle management; beach module

BMC4I Battle Management Command, Control, Communications, 

Computers, and Intelligence

BMCT begin morning civil twilight

BMD ballistic missile defense 

BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization

BMDS ballistic missile defense system
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-20 JP 1-02

BMET biomedical electronics technician 

BMNT begin morning nautical twilight

BMU beachmaster unit 

BN battalion

BND Bundesnachrichtendienst (federal intelligence service)

BOA basic ordering agreement

BOC base operations center; bomb on coordinate

BOCCA Bureau of Coordination of Civil Aircraft (NATO)

BOG beach operations group

BOH bottom of hill 

BORFIC Border Patrol Field Intelligence Center

BOS base operating support; battlefield operating system 

BOSG base operations support group

BOS-I base operating support-integrator

BOSS base operating support service 

BOT bomb on target

BP battle position; block parity

BPA blanket purchase agreement 

BPC building partnership capacity

BPD blood products depot 

BPG beach party group

BPI bits per inch

BPLAN base plan

BPO blood program office

BPPBS bi-annual planning, programming, and budget system 

bps bits per second

BPSK biphase shift keying 

BPT beach party team 

BPWRR bulk petroleum war reserve requirement 

BPWRS bulk petroleum war reserve stocks 

BR budget review

BRAC base realignment and closure

BRACE Base Resource and Capability Estimator

BRC base recovery course 

BS battle staff; broadcast source 

BSA beach support area; brigade support area

BSB brigade support battalion

BSC behavioral science consultant; black station clock 

BSC ro black station clock receive out 

BSCT behavioral science consultation team 

BSD blood supply detachment 

BSI base support installation 

BSP base support plan

BSRP bureau strategic resource plan

BSSG brigade service support group 

BSU blood supply unit 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-21

BSZ base security zone

BT bathythermograph

BTB believed-to-be 

BTC blood transshipment center 

BTG basic target graphic 

BTOC battalion tactical operations center

BTS Border and Transportation Security (DHS)

BTU beach termination unit 

BTWC Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

BULK bulk cargo 

BUMEDINST Bureau of Medicine and Surgery instruction 

BVR beyond visual range 

BW biological warfare

BWC Biological Weapons Convention

BZ buffer zone
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-22 JP 1-02

C

C Celsius; centigrade; clock; compromise band; coverage 

factor; creeping line pattern 

C&A certification and accreditation

C&E communications and electronics

C&LAT cargo and loading analysis table 

C2 command and control 

C2-attack an offensive form of command and control warfare

C2CRE command and control chemical, biological, radiological, 

and nuclear response element

C2E command and control element 

C2IP Command and Control Initiatives Program 

C2IPS Command and Control Information Processing System

C2P command and control protection 

C2-protect a defensive form of command and control warfare

C2S command and control support 

C-2X coalition Intelligence Directorate counterintelligence and 

human intelligence staff element 

C3 command, control, and communications 

C3AG Command, Control, and Communications Advisory Group 

C3CM command, control, and communications countermeasures 

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence 

C3IC coalition coordination, communications, and integration 

center 

C3SMP Command, Control, and Communications Systems Master Plan 

C4CM command, control, communications, and computer 

countermeasures 

C4I command, control, communications, computers, and 

intelligence 

C4IFTW command, control, communications, computers, and 

intelligence for the Warrior 

C4S command, control, communications, and computer 

systems 

C4 systems command, control, communications, and computer 

systems

C-5 Galaxy

C-17 Globemaster III

C-21 Learjet

C-27 Spartan

C-130 Hercules

C-141 Starlifter

CA chaplain assistant; civil administration; civil affairs; 

combat assessment; coordinating altitude;

credibility assessment; criticality assessment

C/A course acquisition 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-23

CAA civil air augmentation; combat aviation advisors; 

command arrangement agreement

CAAF contractors authorized to accompany the force

CAB combat aviation brigade 

CAC common access card; current actions center 

CACOM civil affairs command 

CACTIS community automated intelligence system 

CAD Canadian air division; cartridge actuated device; collective 

address designator; contract administration delegation

CADRS concern and deficiency reporting system

CADS containerized ammunition distribution system

CAF Canadian Air Force; combat air forces; commander, 

airborne/air assault force; commander, amphibious force 

CAFMS computer-assisted force management system

CAG carrier air group; civil affairs group; collective address group

CAGO contractor-acquired, government-owned

CAIMS conventional ammunition integrated management system 

CAINS carrier aircraft inertial navigation system 

CAIS civil authority information support

CAISE civil authority information support element

CAL caliber; critical asset list 

CALA Community Airborne Library Architecture 

CALCM conventional air-launched cruise missile

CALICS communication, authentication, location, intentions, 

condition, and situation 

CALMS computer-aided load manifesting system

CAM chemical agent monitor; crisis action module

CAMOC Caribbean Air and Marine Operations Center

CAMPS Consolidated Air Mobility Planning System

CAMT countering air and missile threats

CANA convulsant antidote for nerve agent 

CANADA COM Canada Command 

CANR Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command 

Region 

CANUS Canada-United States

CANUS BDD Canada-United States Basic Defense Document

CANUS CDP Canada-United States Combined Defense Plan

CAO chief administrative officer; civil affairs operations; 

counterair operation 

CAOC combat air operations center; combined air operations 

center

CAO SOP standing operating procedures for coordination of atomic 

operations

CAP Civil Air Patrol; civil augmentation program; combat air 

patrol; configuration and alarm panel; Consolidated 

Appeals Process (UN); crisis action planning
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-24 JP 1-02

CAPM credibility assessment program manager

CAPT civil affairs planning team

CAR Chief of the Army Reserve

CARA chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield 

explosives analytical and remediation activity

CARDA continental United States airborne reconnaissance for 

damage assessment; continental United States area 

reconnaissance for damage assessment

CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere 

(CAREUSA) 

CARIBROC Caribbean Regional Operations Center 

CARP computed air release point; contingency alternate route 

plan

CARS combat arms regimental system

CARVER criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, 

and recognizability 

CAS casualty; civil aviation security; close air support

CASEVAC casualty evacuation

CASF contingency aeromedical staging facility

CASP computer-aided search planning 

CASPER contact area summary position report

CASREP casualty report

CASREQ close air support request 

CAT category; civil affairs team; crisis action team

CATCC carrier air traffic control center 

CATF commander, amphibious task force 

CAU crypto ancillary unit; cryptographic auxiliary unit 

CAVU ceiling and visibility unlimited 

CAW carrier air wing

CAW/ESS crisis action weather and environmental support system 

CAX computer-assisted exercise 

C-B chemical-biological 

CB chemical-biological; construction battalion (SEABEES)

CBBLS hundreds of barrels 

CBCP Customs and Border Clearance Program (DOD)

CBD chemical, biological defense

CBFS cesium beam frequency standard 

CBG coalition building guide

CBIRF Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force

CBLTU common battery line terminal unit

CBMR capabilities-based munitions requirements

CBMU construction battalion maintenance unit

CBP capabilities-based planning; Customs and Border 

Protection (DHS)

CBPO Consolidated Base Personnel Office

CBPS chemical biological protective shelter 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-25

CBR chemical, biological, and radiological 

CBRN Caribbean Basin Radar Network; chemical, biological,

radiological, and nuclear 

CBRN CM chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear 

consequence management

CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield 

explosives 

CBRN hazard chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard

CBRT chemical-biological response team

CBS common battery signaling 

CBSA Canadian Border Services Agency

CBT common battery terminal 

CbT combating terrorism

CbT-RIF Combating Terrorism Readiness Initiatives Fund 

CBTZ combat zone 

CBU conference bridge unit; construction battalion unit 

CBW chemical and biological warfare 

C/C cabin cruiser; cast off and clear

CC component command (NATO); component commander;

critical capability

CC&D camouflage, concealment, and deception 

CCA carrier-controlled approach; central contracting authority; 

circuit card assembly; close combat attack; combat 

cargo assistant; container control activity; 

contamination control area; contingency capabilities 

assessment; contract construction agent

CCAP combatant command AFRTS planner 

CCAS contingency contract administration services

CCAS-C contingency contract administration services commander

CCATT critical care air transport team 

CCB Community Counterterrorism Board; configuration 

control board 

CCC coalition coordination cell; coalition coordination center; 

crisis coordination center; critical control circuit; crosscultural communications course 

CCD camouflage, concealment, and deception 

CCDB consolidated counterdrug database

CCDR combatant commander 

CCE container control element; continuing criminal enterprise 

CCEB Combined Communications-Electronics Board 

CCF collection coordination facility

CCG combat communications group; crisis coordination group

CCGD commander, Coast Guard district

CCIB command center integration branch 

CCICA command counterintelligence coordinating authority

CCIF Combatant Commander Initiative Fund 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-26 JP 1-02

CCIP continuously computed impact point 

CCIR commander’s critical information requirement; 

International Radio Consultative Committee 

CCIS common channel interswitch signaling 

CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative 

Committee 

CCIU CEF control interface unit 

CCJTF commander, combined joint task force

CCL communications/computer link

CCLI commerce control list item; computer control list item

CCMD combatant command

CCO central control officer; combat cargo officer; command 

and control office; container control officer;

contingency contracting officer

CCOI critical contact of interest

CCP casualty collection point; consolidated cryptologic 

program; consolidation and containerization point

CCPDS command center processing and display system 

CCR closed circuit refueling

CCRD combatant commander’s required delivery date 

C-CS communication and computer systems

CCS central control ship; commander’s communication 

synchronization; container control site 

CCSA combatant command support agent

CCSD command communications service designator; control 

communications service designator 

CCT collaborative contingency targeting; combat control team 

CCTI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff commended 

training issue 

CCTV closed circuit television 

CCW 1980 United Nations Convention on Conventional 

Weapons; continuous carrier wave 

CD channel designator; compact disc; counterdrug; 

customer direct

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS)

CDD chemical decontamination detachment

CDE collateral damage estimation 

CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency

CDERA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency

CDF combined distribution frame

CDI cargo disposition instructions; conditioned diphase 

C di conditioned diphase 

CDHAM Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance 

Medicine

CDIP combined defense improvement project

CDIPO counterdrug intelligence preparation for operations 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-27

CDLMS common data link management system

CDM cable driver modem; collateral damage methodology

CDMGB cable driver modem group buffer

CDN compressed dial number 

CDO command duty officer; commander, detainee operations 

CDOC counterdrug operations center 

CDOPS counterdrug operations

CDP commander’s dissemination policy; landing craft air 

cushion departure point 

CDR commander; continuous data recording

CDRAFNORTH Commander, Air Force North

CDRAFSOF commander, Air Force special operations forces

CDRCFCOM Commander, Combined Forces Command 

CDRESC commander, electronic security command

CDREUDAC Commander, European Command Defense Analysis 

Center (ELINT) or European Data Analysis Center 

CDRFORSCOM Commander, Forces Command

CDRG catastrophic disaster response group (FEMA)

CDRJSOTF commander, joint special operations task force 

CDRL contract data requirements list

CDRMTMC Commander, Military Traffic Management Command 

CDRNORAD Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command 

CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory

CDRTSOC commander, theater special operations command

CDRUNC Commander, United Nations Command 

CDRUSAFRICOM Commander, United States Africa Command

CDRUSAINSCOM Commander, United States Army Intelligence and Security 

Command 

CDRUSARNORTH Commander, United States Army, North

CDRUSCENTCOM Commander, United States Central Command 

CDRUSCYBERCOM Commander, United States Cyber Command

CDRUSELEMNORAD Commander, United States Element, North American 

Aerospace Defense Command

CDRUSEUCOM Commander, United States European Command 

CDRUSJFCOM Commander, United States Joint Forces Command

CDRUSNAVEUR Commander, United States Naval Forces, Europe 

CDRUSNORTHCOM Commander, United States Northern Command

CDRUSPACOM Commander, United States Pacific Command 

CDRUSSOCOM Commander, United States Special Operations Command

CDRUSSOUTHCOM Commander, United States Southern Command 

CDRUSSTRATCOM Commander, United States Strategic Command 

CDRUSTRANSCOM Commander, United States Transportation Command 

CDS Chief of Defence Staff (Canada); container delivery system 

CDSSC continuity of operations plan designated successor service 

chief 

CDU counterdrug update 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-28 JP 1-02

C-E communications-electronics 

CE casualty estimation; circular error; command element

(USMC); communications-electronics; core element; 

counterespionage; critical element

CEA captured enemy ammunition

CEB combat engineer battalion

CEC civil engineer corps

CECOM communications-electronics command

CEDI commercial electronic data interface 

CEDREP communications-electronics deployment report

CEE captured enemy equipment 

CEF civil engineering file; common equipment facility

CEG common equipment group 

CEHC Counter Explosive Hazards Center (Army)

CEI critical employment indicator 

CELLEX cellular exploitation

CEM combined effects munition 

CEMC communications-electronics management center 

CEMIRT civil engineer maintenance, inspection, and repair team

CENTRIXS Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange 

System 

CEOI communications-electronics operating instructions

CEP cable entrance panel; Chairman’s Exercise Program

CEPOD communications-electronics post-deployment report

CERF Central Emergency Revolving Fund (UN) 

CERFP chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and 

high-yield explosives enhanced response force package

CERP Commanders’ Emergency Response Program

CERT computer emergency response team; contingency 

engineering response team

CERTSUB certain submarine

CES coast earth station 

CESE civil engineering support equipment; communications 

equipment support element 

CESG communications equipment support group 

CESO civil engineer support office

CESPG civil engineering support plan group; civil engineering 

support planning generator

CEXC combined explosives exploitation cell

CEW civilian expeditionary workforce

CF Canadian forces; carrier furnished; causeway ferry; 

conventional forces; drift error confidence factor

CFA Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes (UN);

critical factors analysis

CFACC combined force air component commander

CFB Canadian forces base 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-29

CFC Combined Forces Command, Korea 

CF-COP counterfire common operational picture 

CFL Contingency Planning Facilities List; coordinated fire line

CFLCC coalition forces land component commander

CFM cubic feet per minute 

CFO chief financial officer

CFPM causeway ferry power module

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CFS CI force protection source 

CFSO counterintelligence force protection source operations 

CFST coalition forces support team

CG Chairman’s guidance; Coast Guard; commanding general; 

Comptroller General

CG-652 Coast Guard Spectrum Management and 

Telecommunications Policy Division

CGAS Coast Guard Air Station 

CGAUX Coast Guard Auxiliary 

CGC Coast Guard Cutter

CGCAP Coast Guard capabilities plan

CGCG Coast Guard Cryptologic Group

CGCIS Coast Guard Counterintelligence Service

CGDEFOR Coast Guard defense force 

CGFMFLANT Commanding General, Fleet Marine Forces, Atlantic

CGFMFPAC Commanding General, Fleet Marine Forces, Pacific

CGIS United States Coast Guard Investigative Service 

CGLSMP Coast Guard logistic support and mobilization plan 

CGP Coast Guard publication

CGRS common geographic reference system 

CGS common ground station; continental United States ground 

station

CGUSAREUR Commanding General, United States Army, Europe 

CH channel; contingency hospital 

CH-53 Sea Stallion

CHAMPUS Civilian Health and Medical Program for the Uniformed 

Services 

CHARC counterintelligence and human intelligence analysis and 

requirements cell 

CHB cargo-handling battalion

CHCS composite health care system

CHCSS Chief, Central Security Service 

CHE cargo-handling equipment; container-handling equipment

CHET customs high endurance tracker 

CHOP change of operational control 

CHPPM US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive 

Medicine

CHRIS chemical hazard response information system
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-30 JP 1-02

CHRP contaminated human remains pouch

CHSTR characteristics of transportation resources

CHSTREP characteristics of transportation resources report 

CI civilian internee; counterintelligence

CIA Central Intelligence Agency 

CIAP Central Intelligence Agency program; central intelligence 

architecture plan; command intelligence architecture 

plan; command intelligence architecture program 

CIAS counterintelligence analysis section 

CIAT counterintelligence analytic team 

CIB combined information bureau; controlled image base 

CIC combat information center; combat intelligence center 

(Marine Corps); combined intelligence center; 

communications interface controller; content indicator 

code; counterintelligence center 

CICA counterintelligence coordinating authority 

CICAD Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission

CICC counterintelligence coordination cell

CICR counterintelligence collection requirement

CID combat identification; combat intelligence division; 

criminal investigation division

CIDB common intelligence database

CIDC Criminal Investigation Division Command 

CIDNE Combined Information Data Network Exchange

CIE collaborative information environment; cultural 

intelligence element

CIEA classification, identification, and engagement area

C-IED counter-improvised explosive device

CIEG/CIEL common information exchange glossary and language

CIFA counterintelligence field activity 

CIG communications interface group

CIHO counterintelligence/human intelligence officer

CIIR counterintelligence information report 

CI/KR critical infrastructure and key resources

CIL command information library; critical information list;

critical item list 

CILO counterintelligence liaison officer

CIM civil information management; compartmented 

information management

CIMIC civil-military cooperation

CIN cargo increment number 

CIO chief information officer; command intelligence officer 

CIOC counterintelligence operations cell

CIOTA counterintelligence operational tasking authority

CIP communications interface processor; critical infrastructure 

protection
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-31

CIPSU communications interface processor pseudo line 

CIR continuing intelligence requirement 

CIRM International Radio-Medical Center 

CIRV common interswitch rekeying variable 

CIRVIS communications instructions for reporting vital 

intelligence sightings 

CIS common item support; Commonwealth of Independent 

States; communications interface shelter 

CISAR catastrophic incident search and rescue

CISD critical incident stress debriefing 

CISO counterintelligence staff office; counterintelligence 

support officer 

CITE computer intrusion technical exploitation

CITP counter-improvised explosive device targeting program 

CIV civilian 

CIVMAR civil service mariner

CIVPOL civilian police 

CIWG communications interoperability working group

CJ-4 combined-joint logistics officer 

CJATF commander, joint amphibious task force

CJB Congressional Justification Book 

CJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

CJCSAN Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network 

CJCSI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction

CJCSM Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual

CJDA critical joint duty assignment 

CJE component joint data networks operations officer 

equivalent

CJLOTS combined joint logistics over-the-shore

CJMAB Central Joint Mortuary Affairs Board

CJMAO Central Joint Mortuary Affairs Office; Chief, joint 

mortuary affairs office 

CJMISTF combined joint military information support task force

CJMTF combined joint military information support 

operations task force

CJOC Canada Joint Operations Command

CJSART Criminal Justice Sector Assessment Rating Tool

CJSMPT Coalition Joint Spectrum Management Planning Tool

CJTF combined joint task force (NATO); 

commander, joint task force

CJTF-CS Commander, Joint Task Force - Civil Support 

CJTF-NCR Commander, Joint Task Force - National Capital Region 

C-JWICS Containerized Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications 

System 

CKT circuit 

CL class; coordination level
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-32 JP 1-02

CLA landing craft, air cushion launch area

CLASSRON class squadron 

CLB combat logistics battalion

CLD compact laser designator

CLDP Commercial Law Development Program

CLEA civilian law enforcement agency 

C-level category level 

CLF combat logistics force; commander, landing force 

CLG combat logistics group 

CLGP cannon-launched guided projectile 

CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

CLIPS communications link interface planning system 

CLPSB combatant commander logistic procurement support board

CLPT contingency load planning team

CLR combat logistics regiment

CLS contractor logistic support

CLSS combat logistic support squadron

CLT civil liaison team; combat lasing team

CLZ craft landing zone; cushion landing zone; 

landing craft, air cushion landing zone

CM Chairman’s memorandum; collection manager; 

combination module; configuration management; 

control modem; countermine; cruise missile

Cm mean coverage factor 

cm centimeter

CMA collection management authority 

CMAA cooperative military airlift agreement 

CMAH commander of a combatant command’s Mobile Alternate 

Headquarters 

CM&D collection management & dissemination

CMAOC Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Operations Center

CMAT consequence management advisory team 

CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps; crew management cell; 

Office of Civilian-Military Cooperation (USAID)

Cmc midpoint compromise coverage factor 

CMCB civil-military coordination board

CMCC combined movement coordination center

CMD command; cruise missile defense

CMDO command military deception officer

CME civil-military engagement

CMHT consequence management home team

CMM Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (USAID)

CMMA collection management mission application 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-33

CMO Central Measurement and Signature Intelligence 

(MASINT) Organization; chief medical officer; chief 

military observer; civil-military operations; collection 

management office(r); configuration management office

CMOC Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center; civil-military 

operations center 

CMOS cargo movement operations system; Cargo Movement 

Operations System (USAF); complementary 

metal-oxide semiconductor 

CMP communications message processor; contractor 

management plan

CMPF commander, maritime pre-positioned force

CMPT consequence management planning team

CM R&A consequence management response and assessment 

CMRT consequence management response team

CMS cockpit management system; command management 

system; community management staff; community 

security materiel system; contingency mutual support; 

crisis management system

CMSE civil-military support element

CMST consequence management support team 

CMTS comments 

CMTU cartridge magnetic tape unit 

CMV commercial motor vehicle

CMX crisis management exercise 

CNAC Customs National Aviation Center (USCS) 

C-NAF component numbered air force

CNASP chairman’s net assessment for strategic planning 

CNBG commander, naval beach group

CNC Crime and Narcotics Center (CIA)

CNCE communications nodal control element 

CNCI Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative

CND counternarcotics division

CNE computer network exploitation; Counter Narcotics 

Enforcement

CNGB Chief, National Guard Bureau 

CNIC Commander, Navy Installations Command

CNM classified notice to mariners

CNMOC Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography

Command

CNO Chief of Naval Operations

CNOG Chairman, Nuclear Operations Group 

CNR combat net radio

CNRF Commander, Naval Reserve Forces 

CNSG Commander, Naval Security Group 

CNTY country 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-34 JP 1-02

CNWDI critical nuclear weapons design information 

CO commanding officer; cyberspace operations

COA course of action 

COAA course-of-action analysis 

COAMPS Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System

COB collocated operating base; contingency operating base

COBOL common business-oriented language 

COC combat operations center 

CoC Code of Conduct 

COCO contractor-owned, contractor-operated

COCOM combatant command (command authority) 

COD carrier onboard delivery; combat operations division

COE Army Corps of Engineers; common operating environment; 

concept of employment 

COEDMHA Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and 

Humanitarian Assistance (USPACOM)

COF chief of fires; conduct of fire 

COFC container on flatcar 

COG center of gravity; continuity of government 

COGARD Coast Guard 

COI community of interest; contact of interest 

COIC counter-improvised explosive device operations 

integration center; Counter-Improvised Explosive 

Device Operations/Intelligence Integration 

Center (JIEDDO)

COIN counterinsurgency 

COLDS cargo offload and discharge system 

COLISEUM community on-line intelligence system for end-users and 

managers

COLPRO collective protection

COLS concept of logistic support

COLT combat observation and lasing team 

COM chief of mission; collection operations management; 

command; commander 

COMACC Commander, Air Combat Command

COMAFFOR commander, Air Force forces

COMAFSOAC commander, Air Force special operations air component

COMAFSOC Commander, Air Force Special Operations Command

COMAJF commander, allied joint force 

COMALF commander airlift forces

COMALOC commercial air line of communications

COMARFOR commander, Army forces

COMCAM combat camera

COMCARGRU commander, carrier group

COMCRUDESGRU commander, cruiser destroyer group

COMDCAEUR Commander, Defense Communications Agency Europe 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-35

COMDESRON commander destroyer squadron

COMDT COGARD Commandant, United States Coast Guard 

COMDTINST Commandant of the Coast Guard instruction

COMFLTCYBERCOM Commander, Fleet Cyber Command

COMICEDEFOR Commander, United States Forces, Iceland 

COMIDEASTFOR Commander, Middle East Forces 

COMINEWARCOM Commander, Mine Warfare Command

COMINT communications intelligence 

COMJCSE Commander, Joint Communications Support Element

COMJIC Commander, Joint Intelligence Center 

COMLANDFOR commander, land forces

COMLANTAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Atlantic Area 

COMLOGGRU combat logistics group

COMM communications 

COMMARFOR commander, Marine Corps forces 

COMMARFORNORTH Commander, Marine Corps Forces North 

COMMDZ Commander, Maritime Defense Zone 

COMNAV Committee for European Airspace Coordination Working 

Group on Communications and Navigation Aids 

COMNAVAIRLANT Commander, Naval Air Force, Atlantic 

COMNAVAIRPAC Commander, Naval Air Force, Pacific 

COMNAVAIRSYSCOM Commander, Naval Air Systems Command 

COMNAVCOMTELCOM Commander, Naval Computer and Telecommunications 

Command 

COMNAVELSG Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group

COMNAVFOR commander, Navy forces 

COMNAVMETOCCOM Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography 

Command

COMNAVSEASYSCOM Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command 

COMNAVSECGRP Commander, United States Navy Security Group 

COMNAVSURFLANT Commander, Naval Surface Force, Atlantic 

COMNAVSURFPAC Commander, Naval Surface Force, Pacific 

COMNET communications network

COMP component 

COMPACAF Commander, Pacific Air Forces 

COMPACAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area 

COMPACFLT Commander, Pacific Fleet 

COMPASS common operational modeling, planning, and simulation 

strategy; Computerized Movement Planning and Status 

System

COMPES contingency operations mobility planning and execution 

system

COMPLAN communications plan 

COMSC Commander, Military Sealift Command 

COMSCINST Commander, Military Sealift Command instruction 

COMSEC communications security 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-36 JP 1-02

COMSOC Commander, Special Operations Command

COMSOCCENT Commander, Special Operations Command, United States 

Central Command 

COMSOCEUR Commander, Special Operations Command, United States 

European Command 

COMSOCPAC Commander, Special Operations Command, Pacific 

COMSOCSOUTH Commander Special Operations Command, United States 

Southern Command 

COMSOF commander, special operations forces 

COMSTAT communications status

COMSUBLANT Commander Submarine Force, United States Atlantic Fleet 

COMSUBPAC Commander Submarine Force, United States Pacific Fleet 

COMSUPNAVFOR commander, supporting naval forces 

COMTAC tactical communications 

COMTENTHFLT Commander, Tenth Fleet

COMUSAFE Commander, United States Air Force in Europe 

COMUSARCENT Commander, United States Army Forces, Central 

Command 

COMUSCENTAF Commander, United States Air Force, Central Command 

COMUSFLTFORCOM Commander, United States Fleet Forces Command

COMUSFORAZ Commander, United States Forces, Azores

COMUSJ Commander, United States Forces, Japan 

COMUSK Commander, United States Forces, Korea 

COMUSMARCENT Commander, United States Marine Forces, Central 

Command 

COMUSNAVCENT Commander, United States Navy, Central Command 

COMUSPACFLT Commander, United States Pacific Fleet 

COMUSSOCJFCOM Commander Special Operations Command, United States 

Joint Forces Command 

CONCAP construction capabilities contract (Navy); Construction 

Capabilities Contract Process; construction capabilities 

contract program 

CONEX container express 

CONEXPLAN contingency and exercise plan 

CONOPS concept of operations 

CONPLAN concept plan; operation plan in concept format 

CONR continental United States North American Aerospace 

Defense Command Region

CONUS continental United States 

CONUSA Continental United States Army 

COOP continuity of operations

COP common operational picture

COP-CSE common operational picture-combat support enabled

COPG chairman, operations planners group 

COPPERHEAD name for cannon-launched guided projectile

COPS communications operational planning system
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-37

COR contracting officer representative 

CORE contingency response program

COS chief of staff; chief of station; critical occupational specialty

COSMIC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) security 

category 

COSPAS cosmicheskaya sistyema poiska avariynch sudov - space 

system for search of distressed vessels (Russian satellite 

system)

COSR combat and operational stress reactions

COT commanding officer of troops; crisis operations team 

COTP captain of the port 

COTS cargo offload and transfer system; commercial off-the-shelf; 

container offloading and transfer system 

COU cable orderwire unit 

counter C3 counter command, control, and communications 

COVCOM covert communications 

CP check point; collection point; command post; contact point; 

control point; counterproliferation 

CP&I coastal patrol and interdiction 

CPA closest point of approach 

CPD combat plans division 

CPE customer premise equipment 

CPFL contingency planning facilities list 

CPG central processor group; Commander, Amphibious Group; 

Contingency Planning Guidance

CPI crash position indicator 

CPIC coalition press information center 

CPM civilian personnel manual

CPO chief petty officer; complete provisions only 

CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPRC coalition personnel recovery center 

CPS characters per second; collective protective shelter 

CPT common procedural terminology

CPU central processing unit 

CPX command post exercise 

CR civil reconnaissance; critical requirement

CRA command relationships agreement; continuing resolution 

authority; coordinating review authority

CRAF Civil Reserve Air Fleet

CRAM control random access memory 

CRB configuration review board 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-38 JP 1-02

CRC circuit routing chart; Civilian Response Corps (DOS); 

civil response corps; coastal riverine company; control 

and reporting center; CONUS replacement center; 

COOP response cell; crisis reaction center; 

cyclic redundancy rate

CRD chemical reconnaissance detachment

CRE contingency response element; control reporting element

CREAPER Communications and Radar Electronic Attack Planning 

Effectiveness Reference

CREST casualty and resource estimation support tool 

CREW counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device

electronic warfare

CRF channel reassignment function; coastal riverine force

CRG contingency response force; contingency response group 

CRI collective routing indicator

CRIF cargo routing information file 

CRITIC critical information; critical intelligence communication; 

critical message (intelligence) 

CRITICOMM critical intelligence communications system

CRM collection requirements management; comment 

resolution matrix; crew resource management 

CrM crisis management

CRO combat rescue officer

CROP common relevant operational picture 

CRP control and reporting post 

CRRC combat rubber raiding craft

CRS Catholic Relief Services; Chairman’s readiness system; 

coastal radio station; coastal riverine squadron;

community relations service; container recovery 

system; Coordinator for Reconstruction 

and Stabilization

CRSG country reconstruction and stabilization group

CRSP centralized receiving and shipping point

CRT cathode ray tube; chemical, biological, radiological, 

nuclear, and high-yield explosives response team; 

contingency response team

CRTS casualty receiving and treatment ship 

CR-UAV close-range unmanned aerial vehicle 

CRW contingency response wing 

CRYPTO cryptographic 

CS call sign; Chaplain Service (Air Force); circuit switch; 

coastal station; combat service; combat support; 

content staging; controlled space; creeping line singleunit; critical source 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-39

CSA Chief of Staff, United States Army; combat support 

agency; container stuffing activity 

CSAAS combat support agency assessment system 

CSADR combat support agency director’s report 

CSAF Chief of Staff, United States Air Force 

CSAM computer security for acquisition managers 

CSAR combat search and rescue 

CSAR3 combat support agency responsiveness and readiness report

CSARTE combat search and rescue task element

CSARTF combat search and rescue task force 

CSB contracting support brigade

CSB (MEB) combat support brigade (maneuver enhancement brigade)

CSC combat support center; community support center; convoy 

support center; creeping line single-unit coordinated; 

International Convention for Safe Containers 

CSCC coastal sea control commander 

CSE client server environment; combat support enhanced; 

combat support equipment; contingency support element; 

cyberspace support element

CSEL circuit switch select line; combat survivor evader locator; 

command senior enlisted leader

CSEP Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-sponsored 

exercise program

CSG carrier strike group; Chairman’s Staff Group; 

coordinating subgroup; cryptologic services group; 

Cryptologic Support Group

CSGN coordinating subgroup for narcotics

CSH combat support hospital 

CSIF communications service industrial fund 

CSIP contract support integration plan

CSIPG circuit switch interface planning guide

CSL combat stores list; cooperative security location

C-SMPP Consolidated Satellite Communications Management 

Policies and Procedures

CSNP causeway section, nonpowered 

CSNP(BE) causeway section, nonpowered (beach end) 

CSNP(I) causeway section, nonpowered (intermediate) 

CSNP(SE) causeway section, nonpowered (sea end) 

CSO Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations 

(DOS); Center for Special Operations (USSOCOM); 

communications support organization; controlled 

source operation

CSOA combined special operations area 

CSOB command systems operations branch 

CSOD command systems operation division 

CSOR contract statement of requirement
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-40 JP 1-02

CSP call service position; career sea pay; causeway section, 

powered; commence search point; 

contracting support plan; crisis staffing procedures (JCS); 

cryptologic support package

CSPAR combatant commander’s preparedness assessment report 

CSR central source registry; combatant commander’s 

summary report; commander’s summary report; 

controlled supply rate 

CSRF common source route file

CSS Central Security Service (NSA); combat service support; 

communications subsystem; coordinator surface search

CSSA combat service support area

CSSAMO combat service support automation management office

CSSB combat sustainment support battalion

CSSC coded switch set controller 

C-SSE consolidated satellite communications system expert

CSSM contracted support synchronization matrix

CSST combat service support team

CSSU combat service support unit

CST contingency support team; customer service team 

CSW compartment stowage worksheet; coordinate seeking 

weapons 

CT computed tomography; control telemetry; 

counterterrorism; country team 

CTA common table of allowance

CTAF counterterrorism analytical framework

CTAPS contingency Theater Air Control System automated 

planning system

CTBT Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

CTC cargo transfer company (USA); counterterrorist center 

CTDB combating terrorism database

CTEP combined training and education plan

CTF combined task force; commander, task force;

counter threat finance

CTF IAMD commander, task force integrated air and missile defense

CTFP Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

CTG commander, task group 

CTID communications transmission identifier 

CTIP combating trafficking in persons

CTKB combating terrorism knowledge base

CTL candidate target list 

CTM core target material 

CTOC corps tactical operations center 

CTP common tactical picture

CTR cooperative threat reduction

CTRIF Combating Terrorism Readiness Initiative Fund 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-41

CTS commodity tracking system; Contingency Tracking 

System; controlled technical services

CTSS central targeting support staff 

CTU commander, task unit

CU cubic capacity; common unit 

CUI controlled unclassified information

CUL common-user logistics

CULT common-user land transportation 

CV aircraft carrier; carrier; critical vulnerability; 

curriculum vitae 

CVAMP Core Vulnerability Assessment Management Program 

CVN aircraft carrier, nuclear 

CVR cockpit voice recorder

CVS commercial vendor services

CVSD continuous variable slope delta 

CVT criticality-vulnerability-threat 

CVW carrier air wing; cryptovariable weekly (GPS)

CVWC carrier strike group air wing commander

CW carrier wave; chemical warfare; continuous wave

CWA chemical warfare agent

CWC Chemical Weapons Convention; composite warfare 

commander

CWDE chemical warfare defense equipment

CWMD countering weapons of mass destruction

CWO communications watch officer 

CWP causeway pier 

CWPD Conventional War Plans Division, Joint Staff (J-7) 

CWR calm water ramp 

CWT combat weather team; customer wait time

CY calendar year 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-42 JP 1-02

D

D total drift, data 

d surface drift 

D&D denial and deception 

D&F determinations and findings

D&M detection and monitoring 

D&R debrief and reintegrate

D-2X Department of Defense-level counterintelligence and 

human intelligence staff element

D3A decide, detect, deliver, and assess 

D/A digital-to-analog 

DA data adapter aerospace drift; data administrator; Department 

of the Army; Development Assistance; direct action; 

Directorate for Mission Services (DIA); double agent 

Da aerospace drift 

DA&M Director of Administration and Management 

DAA designated approving authority; display alternate area 

routing lists 

DAADC deputy area air defense commander

DAADC(AMD) deputy area air defense commander for air and missile 

defense 

DAAS defense automatic addressing system 

DAASO defense automatic addressing system office 

DAB Defense Acquisition Board 

DAC Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) counterintelligence 

and security activity; Department of Army civilians; 

Development Assistance Committee (OECD)

DACAS digitally aided close air support

DACB data adapter control block 

DACG departure airfield control group 

DACM data adapter control mode 

DADCAP dawn and dusk combat air patrol 

DAF Department of the Air Force

DAFL directive authority for logistics

DAICC domestic air interdiction coordinator center 

DAL defended asset list

DALIS Disaster Assistance Logistics Information System

DALS downed aviator locator system

DAMA demand assigned multiple access 

DAMES defense automatic addressing system (DAAS) automated 

message exchange system

DAN Diver’s Alert Network 

DAO defense attaché office; defense attaché officer; department/

agency/organization 

DAP designated acquisition program
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-43

DAR Defense Acquisition Regulation; distortion adaptive 

receiver

DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office 

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DART disaster assistance response team; downed aircraft 

recovery team; dynamic analysis and replanning tool

DAS deep air support (USMC); defense attaché system; direct

access subscriber; direct air support 

DAS3 decentralized automated service support system 

DASA Department of the Army (DA) staff agencies

DASC direct air support center 

DASC(A) direct air support center (airborne)

DASD Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense 

DASD-CN Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counternarcotics

DASD(H&RA) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Humanitarian & 

Refugee Affairs)

DASD(I) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) 

DASD(PK/HA) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Peacekeeping 

and Humanitarian Affairs) 

DASD(PS) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense 

(Program Support)

DASD(S&IO) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Security and 

Information Operations) 

DASSS decentralized automated service support system 

DAT deployment action team 

DATT defense attaché 

DATU data adapter termination unit 

DAWIA Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act

dB decibel 

DBA database administrator 

DBDB digital bathymetric database

DBDB-V digital bathymetric database variable

DBG database generation 

DBI defense budget issue

DBIDS Defense Biometric Identification System

DBMS database management system; Defense-Business 

Management System 

DBSMC Defense Business Systems Management Committee

DBSS Defense Blood Standard System 

DBT design basis threat 

DC3 Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center

D/C downconverter 

DC Deputies Committee; direct current; Directorate of 

Counterintelligence (DIA); dislocated civilian

DCA Defense Communications Agency; Defense Cooperation 

Agreements; defensive counterair; dual-capable aircraft
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-44 JP 1-02

DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency 

DCAM Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support (DMLSS) 

customer assistance module 

DCAPES Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning and 

Execution Segments

DCC damage control center; deployment control center

DCCC defense collection coordination center 

DCCEP developing country combined exercise program 

DCD data collection device 

DCE defense coordinating element 

D-cell deployment cell

DCGS distributed common ground/surface system 

DCHA Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian

Assistance (USAID)

DCHC Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center

DCHE Defense Counterintelligence and 

Human Intelligence Enterprise

DCI defense critical infrastructure; Director of Central 

Intelligence; dual channel interchange

D/CI&SP Director, Counterintelligence and Security Programs 

D/CIA Director, Central Intelligence Agency

DCID Director of Central Intelligence directive 

DCIIS Defense Counterintelligence Information System 

DCIO defense criminal investigative organization 

DCIP Defense Critical Infrastructure Program 

DCIS Defense Criminal Investigative Services 

DCISE Defense Industrial Base Collaborative Information 

Sharing Environment

DCJTF deputy commander, joint task force 

DCM data channel multiplexer; deputy chief of mission

DCMA Defense Contract Management Agency

DCMC Office of Deputy Chairman, Military Committee 

DCMO deputy chief military observer 

DCNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations 

DCO debarkation control officer; Defense Connect Online; 

defense coordinating officer; defensive cyberspace 

operations; dial central office

DCO-IDM defensive cyberspace operations - internal defensive 

measures

DCO-RA defensive cyberspace operations response actions

DCP Defense Continuity Program; detainee collection point

DCPA Defense Civil Preparedness Agency

DCPG digital clock pulse generator 

DCR doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and 

education, personnel, facilities and policy change

recommendation
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-45

DCRF defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear

response force

DCS Defense Courier 

Service; deputy chief of staff; digital computer system

DCSCU dual capability servo control unit 

DC/S for RA Deputy Chief of Staff for Reserve Affairs 

DCSINT Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence 

DCSLOG Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, US Army 

DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, United 

States Army 

DCSPER Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, United States Army 

DCST Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) contingency support team

DCTC Defense Combating Terrorism Center

DCTS Defense Collaboration Tool Suite

DCW Defense Collection Watch (DIA)

DD Department of Defense form; deputy director; destroyer 

(Navy ship)

DDA deputy development advisor; Deputy Director for 

Administration (CIA); designated development activity

DDC data distribution center; defense distribution center 

DDCI Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (CIA) 

DDCI/CM Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community 

Management 

DDED defense distribution expeditionary depot

DDG guided missile destroyer 

DDI Deputy Director of Intelligence (CIA); Director of 

Defense Intelligence

DDL digital data link

DDM Defense Logistics Agency Distribution Mapping; digital 

data modem 

DDMA Defense Distribution Mapping Activity

DDMS Deputy Director for Military Support (NRO)

DDO Deputy Director of Operations (CIA) 

DDOC Deployment and Distribution Operations Center

(USTRANSCOM)

DDP detailed deployment plan 

DDR disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration

DDR&E director of defense research and engineering

DDRRR disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration, 

and resettlement 

DDS defense dissemination system; Deployable Disbursing 

System

DDS&T Deputy Director for Science & Technology (CIA) DDSBn

deployment and distribution support battalion

DDSM Defense Distinguished Service Medal 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-46 JP 1-02

DDST deployment and distribution support team

DDWSO Deputy Director for Wargaming, Simulation, and 

Operations 

DE damage expectancy; decedent effects; delay equalizer; 

directed energy

De total drift error 

de individual drift error 

DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (DOJ)

dea aerospace drift error 

DEACN Drug Enforcement Administration Communications 

Network 

DEAR disease and environmental alert report

DEARAS Department of Defense Emergency Authorities 

Retrieval and Analysis System 

DeCA Defense Commissary Agency 

DEERS Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System

DEFSMAC Defense Special Missile and Aerospace Center

DEL deployable equipment list 

DEMARC demarcation 

de max maximum drift error 

DEMIL demilitarization

de min minimum drift error 

de minimax minimax drift error 

DeMS deployment management system

DEMUX demultiplex 

DEP Delayed Entry Program; deployed

DEP&S Drug Enforcement Plans and Support 

DEPCJTF deputy commander, joint task force

DEPID deployment indicator code

DEPMEDS deployable medical systems 

DepOpsDeps Service deputy operations deputies 

DEPORD deployment order 

DESC Defense Energy Support Center

DESCOM Depot System Command (Army) 

DESIGAREA designated area message 

DEST destination; domestic emergency support team

DET detainee 

DETRESFA distress phase (ICAO) 

DEW directed-energy warfare 

DF direction finding; dispersion factor; disposition form

DFARS Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement

DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Service

DFAS-DE Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Denver

DFC deputy force commander; detention facility commander
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-47

DFE Defense Intelligence Agency forward element;

Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center forward 

element; division force equivalent 

DFM deterrent force module 

DFO disaster field office (FEMA)

DFR Defense Fuel Region 

DFR/E Defense Fuel Region, Europe 

DFRIF Defense Freight Railway Interchange Fleet 

DFR/ME Defense Fuel Region, Middle East 

DFSC Defense Fuel Supply Center

DFSP defense fuel support point

DFT deployment for training 

DG defense guidance 

DGIAP Defense General Intelligence and Applications Program 

DGM digital group multiplex 

DGT designated ground target

DH death due to hostilities; Directorate for Human Intelligence 

(DIA) 

DHA detainee holding area

DHB Defense Health Board

DHE defense human intelligence executor

DHE-M Defense Human Intelligence Enterprise-manual

DHHS Department of Health and Human Services 

DHM Department of Defense human intelligence manager 

DHMO Department of Defense human intelligence management 

office 

DHP Defense Health Program

DHS Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Service; 

Department of Homeland Security; Director of Health 

Services 

DI Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Directorate for Analysis; 

DIA Directorate for Intelligence Production; discrete 

identifier; dynamic interface 

DI&E data integration and exploitation

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency 

DIAC Defense Intelligence Analysis Center 

DIA/DHX Defense Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Human 

Intelligence, Office of Document and Media Operations 

DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency manual; Defense Intelligence 

Agency memorandum

DIAP Defense Intelligence Analysis Program; Drug Interdiction 

Assistance Program

DIAR Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) regulation 

DIB defense industrial base 

DIBITS digital in-band interswitch trunk signaling 

DIBRS defense incident-based reporting system
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-48 JP 1-02

DIBTS digital in-band trunk signaling 

DICO Data Information Coordination Office 

DID Defense Intelligence Digest

DIDHS Deployable Intelligence Data Handling System 

DIDO designated intelligence disclosure official 

DIDS Defense Intelligence Dissemination System 

DIEB Defense Intelligence Executive Board 

DIEPS Digital Imagery Exploitation Production System

DIG digital 

DIGO Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (Australia)

DII-COE defense information infrastructure-common operating 

environment

DIILS Defense Institute of International Legal Studies

DIJE Defense Intelligence Joint Environment 

(United Kingdom)

DILPA diphase loop modem-A 

DIMA drilling individual mobilization augmentee

DIMOC Defense Imagery Management Operations Center

DIN defense intelligence notice 

DINET Defense Industrial Net 

DINFOS Defense Information School 

DIOC drug interdiction operations center

DIOCC Defense Intelligence Operations Coordination Center

DIPC defense industrial plant equipment center

DIPF defense intelligence priorities framework

DIPFAC diplomatic facility 

DIPGM diphase supergroup modem 

DIRINT Director of Intelligence (USMC)

DIRJIATF director, joint inter-agency task force

DIRLAUTH direct liaison authorized 

DIRM Directorate for Information and Resource Management 

DIRMOBFOR director of mobility forces 

DIRNSA Director, National Security Agency

DIRSPACEFOR director of space forces (USAF)

DIS defense information system; Defense Investigative 

Service; distributed interactive simulation

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency 

DISA-LO Defense Information Systems Agency - liaison officer 

DISANMOC Defense Information Systems Agency Network 

Management and Operations Center 

DisasterAWARE Disaster All-Hazard Warnings, Analysis, and Risk 

Evaluation System

DISCOM division support command (Army) 

DISGM diphase supergroup 

DISN Defense Information Systems Network 

DISN-E Defense Information Systems Network – Europe
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-49

DISO deception in support of operations security; defense 

intelligence support office 

DISP drug investigation support program (FAA) 

DITDS defense information threat data system; defense 

intelligence threat data system

DITSUM defense intelligence terrorist summary

DJ-7 Director, Joint Staff Directorate for 

Joint Force Development

DJIOC Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center 

DJS Director, Joint Staff 

DJSM Director, Joint Staff memorandum 

DJTFS deputy joint task force surgeon 

DLA Defense Logistics Agency 

DLAM Defense Logistics Agency manual

DLAR Defense Logistics Agency regulation 

DLEA drug law enforcement agency 

DLED dedicated loop encryption device 

DLD digital liaison detachment

DLIS Defense Logistics Information Service 

DLM defense logistics manual

DLMS Department Logistics Management System

DLP data link processor

DLPMA diphase loop modem A 

DLQ deck landing qualification 

DLR depot-level repairable 

DLSA Defense Legal Services Agency 

DLSS Defense Logistics Standard Systems

DLTM digital line termination module 

DLTU digital line termination unit 

DM detection and monitoring; docking module

DMA Defense Media Activity

dmax maximum drift distance 

DMB datum marker buoy 

DMC data mode control 

DMD digital message device 

DMDC defense management data center; defense manpower data 

center

DME distance measuring equipment 

DMHS Defense Message Handling System

DMI director military intelligence

DMIGS Domestic Mobile Integrated Geospatial-Intelligence System

dmin minimum drift distance 

DML data manipulation language 

DMLSS Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support 

DMMPO Defense Medical Materiel Program Office

DMO directory maintenance official 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-50 JP 1-02

DMORT Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team

DMOS duty military occupational specialty 

DMPI designated mean point of impact

DMRD defense management resource decision 

DMRIS defense medical regulating information system

DMS defense meteorological system; 

director of military support 

DMSB Defense Medical Standardization Board 

DMSM Defense Meritorious Service Medal

DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office; director of major

staff office; Division Medical Supply Office 

DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 

DMSSC defense medical systems support center

DMT disaster management team (UN) 

DMU disk memory unit 

DMZ demilitarized zone

DN digital nonsecure 

DNA Defense Nuclear Agency; deoxyribonucleic acid 

DNAT defense nuclear advisory team

DNBI disease and nonbattle injury 

DNC digital nautical chart 

DND Department of National Defence (Canada)

DNDO Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DHS)

DNGA Director of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 

DNI Director of National Intelligence; Director of Naval 

Intelligence 

DNIF duty not involving flying

DNMSP driftnet monitoring support program

DNSO Defense Network Systems Organization 

DNVT digital nonsecure voice terminal 

DNY display area code (NYX) routing 

DOA days of ammunition; dead on arrival; director of 

administration 

DOB date of birth; dispersal operating base

DOC Department of Commerce; designed operational capability 

DOCC deep operations coordination cell

DOCDIV documents division 

DOCEX document exploitation 

DOCNET Doctrine Networked Education and Training

DOD Department of Defense 

DODAAC Department of Defense activity address code 

DODAAD Department of Defense Activity Address Directory

DODAC DOD ammunition code

DODD Department of Defense directive

DODDS Department of Defense Dependent Schools
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-51

DODEX Department of Defense intelligence system information 

system extension

DODFMR Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation

DODI Department of Defense instruction

DODIC Department of Defense identification code 

DODID Department of Defense Intelligence Digest 

DODIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information System 

DODIN Department of Defense information network

DODIPC Department of Defense intelligence production community

DODIPP Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program 

DOD-JIC Department of Defense Joint Intelligence Center 

DODM data orderwire diphase modem; Department of Defense 

manual

DODS-CWMD Department of Defense Strategy for Countering Weapons 

of Mass Destruction

DOE Department of Energy

DOEHRS Defense Occupational and Environmental Health 

Reporting System

DOF degree of freedom 

DOI Defense Special Security Communications System 

(DSSCS) Operating Instructions; Department of the

Interior

DOJ Department of Justice

DOL Department of Labor

DOM day of month

DOMEX document and media exploitation

DOMS director of military support

DON Department of the Navy 

DOPMA Defense Officer Personnel Management Act 

DOR date of rank

DOS date of separation; days of supply; denial of service; 

Department of State; disk operating system

DOT Department of Transportation

DOTEO Department of Transportation emergency organization

DOTMLPF doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and 

education, personnel, and facilities

DOTMLPF-P doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and 

education, personnel, facilities, and policy

DOW data orderwire; died of wounds

DOX-T direct operational exchange-tactical 

DOY day of year

DP Air Force component plans officer (staff); decisive point; 

Directorate for Policy Support (DIA); displaced person

dp parachute drift 

DPA danger pay allowance; Defense Production Act 

DPAP Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-52 JP 1-02

DPAS Defense Priorities and Allocation System 

DPC deception planning cell; Defense Planning Committee 

(NATO) 

DPEC displaced person exploitation cell 

DPG Defense Planning Guidance

DPI desired point of impact

dpi dots per inch

DPICM dual purpose improved conventional munitions

DPIP departing initial point

DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN)

DPLSM dipulse group modem 

DPM dissemination program manager

DPMO Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office

DPO distribution process owner

DPP data patch panel; distributed production program

DPPDB digital point positioning database 

DPQ defense planning questionnaire (NATO)

DPR display non-nodal routing 

DPRB Defense Planning and Resources Board 

DPRE displaced persons, refugees, and evacuees

DPS data processing system 

DPSC Defense Personnel Support Center

DPSK differential phase shift keying 

DR dead reckoning; digital receiver; disaster relief 

DRB Defense Resources Board

DRe dead reckoning error 

DRL Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DOS)

DRMD deployments requirements manning document

DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office 

DRMS Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service; distance 

root-mean-square 

DRN Disaster Response Network

DRO departmental requirements office; departmental 

requirements officer

DRRS Defense Readiness Reporting System

DRS detainee reporting system

DRSN Defense Red Switched Network 

DRT dead reckoning tracer; decontamination and 

reconnaissance team

DRTC designated reporting technical control 

DS Directorate for Management and Chief Information 

Officer (DIA); direct support; doctrine sponsor 

DSA defense special assessment (DIA)

DSAA Defense Security Assistance Agency 

DSAID defense sexual assault incident database

DSAR Defense Supply Agency regulation
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-53

DSB digital in-band trunk signaling (DIBTS) signaling buffer 

DSC defensive space control; digital selective calling; 

dual-status commander

DSCA Defense Security Cooperation Agency; defense support 

of civil authorities

DSCP Defense Supply Center Philadelphia

DSCR Defense Supply Center Richmond

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System 

DSCSOC Defense Satellite Communications System operations 

center 

DSDI digital simple data interface 

DSE direct support element

DSF District Stability Framework (USAID)

DSG digital signal generator 

DSI defense simulation internet

DSL display switch locator (SL) routing 

DSM decision support matrix

DSMAC digital scene-matching area correlation 

DSN Defense Switched Network 

DSNET Defense Secure Network 

DSNET-2 Defense Secure Network-2 

DSO Defense Spectrum Organization; defensive systems

officer 

DSOE deployment schedule of events

DSP Defense Satellite Program; Defense Support Program 

DSPD defense support to public diplomacy

DSPL display system programming language

DSPS Director, Security Plans and Service 

DSR defense source registry

DSS Defense Security Service; Distribution Standard System 

DSS/ALOC direct support system/air line of communications

DSSCS Defense Special Security Communications System 

DSSM Defense Superior Service Medal 

DSSO data system support organization; defense sensitive support 

office; defense systems support organization

DSSR Department of State Standardized Regulation

DST decision support template; Defense Logistics 

Agency support team; deployment support team;

district support team

DSTP Director of Strategic Target Planning 

DSTR destroy 

DSTS-G Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) Satellite 

Transmission Services - Global

DSVL doppler sonar velocity log 

DSVT digital subscriber voice terminal 

DT Directorate for MASINT and Technical Collection (DIA) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-54 JP 1-02

DTA Defense Threat Assessment; dynamic threat assessment 

DTAM defense terrorism awareness message 

DTC defense transportation coordination

DTCI Defense Transportation Coordination Initiative

DTD detailed troop decontamination 

DTE data terminal equipment; developmental test and 

evaluation

DTED digital terrain elevation data 

DTG date-time group; digital trunk group (digital transmission 

group) 

D/T/ID detect/track/identify

DTIP Disruptive Technology Innovations Partnership (DIA) 

DTL designator target line

DTMF dual tone multi-frequency 

DTMR defense traffic management regulation 

DTO division transportation office; drug trafficking 

organization

DTOC division tactical operations center 

DTR defense transportation regulation 

DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency

DTRACS Defense Transportation Reporting and Control System

DTRATCA Defense Threat Reduction and Treaty Compliance Agency 

DTS Defense Transportation System; Defense Travel System; 

diplomatic telecommunications service

DTTS Defense Transportation Tracking System

DTWR defense terrorism warning report

DU depleted uranium

DURC dual-use research of concern

DUSD deputy under Secretary of Defense

DUSD (CI&S) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for 

Counterintelligence and Security

DUSDL Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics 

DUSD(L&MR) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and 

Materiel Readiness

DUSDP Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

DV distinguished visitor 

DVA Department of Veterans Affairs 

DVD digital video device; digital video disc

DVITS Digital Video Imagery Transmission System 

DVOW digital voice orderwire

DVT deployment visualization tool

DWAS Defense Working Capital Accounting System

DWMCF double-wide modular causeway ferry 

DWT deadweight tonnage 

DWTS Digital Wideband Transmission System 

DX Directorate for External Relations (DIA) 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-55

DZ drop zone 

DZC drop zone controller 

DZCO drop zone control officer 

DZSO drop zone safety officer 

DZST drop zone support team 

DZSTL drop zone support team leader 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-56 JP 1-02

E

E total probable error 

E&DCP evaluation and data collection plan

E&E emergency and extraordinary expense authority

E&EE emergency and extraordinary expense 

E&I engineering and installation

E&M ear and mouth; special signaling leads 

E1 Echelon 1 

E2 Echelon 2 

E3 Echelon 3; electromagnetic environmental effects

E4 Echelon 4 

E5 Echelon 5 

E-8C joint surveillance, target attack radar system (JSTARS) 

aircraft 

EA electronic attack; emergency action; evaluation agent; 

executive agent; executive assistant

ea each 

EAC echelons above corps (Army); emergency action; 

emergency action committee

EACS expeditionary aeromedical evacuation crew member support 

EACT expeditionary aeromedical evacuation coordination team 

EAD earliest arrival date; echelons above division (Army); 

extended active duty

EADRU Euro-Atlantic disaster response unit

EADS Eastern Air Defense Sector 

EAES expeditionary aeromedical evacuation squadron 

EAF expeditionary aerospace forces; expeditionary airfield

EAI executive agent instruction

EAM emergency action message 

EAP emergency action plan; emergency action procedures

EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

EAP-CJCS emergency action procedures of the Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff

EARLY evasion and recovery supplemental data report 

E-ARTS en route automated radar tracking system

EASF expeditionary aeromedical staging facility 

EAST expeditionary aeromedical evacuation staging team 

EASTPAC eastern Pacific Ocean 

EBCDIC extended binary coded decimal interchange code

EBS environmental baseline survey

EC electronic combat; enemy combatant; error control; 

European Community 

ECAC Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center 

ECB echelons corps and below (Army) 

ECC engineer coordination cell; evacuation control center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-57

ECES expeditionary civil engineer squadron

ECHA Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs (UN)

ECHO European Commission Directorate General for 

Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection; European 

Community Humanitarian Aid Department

ECM electronic countermeasures

ECN electronic change notice; Minimum Essential Emergency 

Communications Network

ECO electronic combat officer

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN) 

ECP emergency command precedence; engineering change 

proposal; entry control point

ECS expeditionary combat support

ECU environmental control unit 

ED envelope delay; evaluation directive

EDA Economic Development Administration (DOC); 

excess defense articles

EDC estimated date of completion 

EDD earliest delivery date 

EDI electronic data interchange 

EDSS equipment deployment and storage system 

EE emergency establishment 

EEA environmental executive agent

EEBD emergency escape breathing device

EECT end evening civil twilight

EED electro-explosive device; emergency-essential 

designation

EEDAC emergency essential Department of the Army civilian

EEE emergency and extraordinary expense 

EEFI essential element of friendly information 

EEI essential element of information 

EELV evolved expendable launch vehicle

EENT end of evening nautical twilight

EEO equal employment opportunity 

EEPROM electronic erasable programmable read-only memory 

EER enlisted employee review; extended echo ranging

EEZ exclusive economic zone 

EFA engineering field activity

EFAC emergency family assistance center 

EFD engineering field division

EFP explosively formed projectile

EFST essential fire support task 

EFT electronic funds transfer

EFTO encrypt for transmission only 

EGAT Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade (USAID)

EGM Earth Gravity Model 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-58 JP 1-02

EGS Earth ground station 

EH explosive hazard

EHCC explosive hazards coordination cell

EHDB explosive hazard database

EHF extremely high frequency 

EHO environmental health officer 

EHRA environmental health risk assessment

EHSA environmental health site assessment

EHT explosive hazard team

EI environmental information; exercise item 

EIA Electronic Industries Association 

EID electrically initiated device

EIS Environmental Impact Statement 

eJMAPS electronic Joint Manpower and Personnel System

EJPME enlisted joint professional military education

ELBA emergency locator beacon

ELCAS elevated causeway system 

ELCAS(M) elevated causeway system (modular) 

ELCAS(NL) elevated causeway system (Navy lighterage) 

ELD emitter locating data

ELINT electronic intelligence

ELIST enhanced logistics intratheater support tool

ELOS extended line of sight

ELPP equal level patch panel 

ELR extra-long-range aircraft 

ELSEC electronics security

ELT emergency locator transmitter 

ELV expendable launch vehicle

ELVA emergency low-visibility approach

EM electromagnetic; emergency management; executive 

manager 

EMAC emergency management assistance compact 

E-mail electronic mail

EMALL electronic mall

EMBM electromagnetic battle management

EMC electromagnetic compatibility 

EMCON emission control

EMD effective miss distance; expeditionary military 

information support detachment

EME electromagnetic environment 

EMEDS expeditionary medical support

EMF expeditionary medical facility 

EMI electromagnetic interface; electromagnetic interference

EMIO expanded maritime interception operations

EMOE electromagnetic operational environment

EMP electromagnetic pulse 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-59

EMR hazards electromagnetic radiation hazards 

EMS electromagnetic spectrum; emergency medical services 

EMSC electromagnetic spectrum control

EMSEC emanations security 

EMSM electromagnetic spectrum manager

EMT emergency medical technician; emergency medical 

treatment; expeditionary military information support team 

EMTF expeditionary mobility task force

EMU expeditionary medical unit

EMV electromagnetic vulnerability 

ENCOM engineer command (Army)

ENDEX exercise termination 

ENL enlisted 

ENSCE enemy situation correlation element 

ENWGS Enhanced Naval Warfare Gaming System 

EO electro-optical; end office; equal opportunity; executive 

order; eyes only 

EOB electromagnetic order of battle; electronic order of battle; 

enemy order of battle 

EOC early operational capability; emergency operating center; 

emergency operations center

EOCA explosive ordnance clearance agent

EOD explosive ordnance disposal 

EODMU-1 explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit one

EOI electro-optic(al) imagery

EO-IR electro-optical-infrared 

EO-IR CM electro-optical-infrared countermeasure

EOL end of link 

EOM end of message 

EOP emergency operating procedures 

E-O TDA electro-optical tactical decision aid

EOW engineering orderwire 

EP electronic protection; emergency preparedness; 

emergency procedures; excess property; execution 

planning

EPA Environmental Protection Agency; evasion plan of action 

EPBX electronic private branch exchange 

EPC Emergency Procurement Committee

EPF enhanced palletized load system (PLS) flatrack

EPH emergency planning handbook 

EPIC El Paso Intelligence Center 

EPIRB emergency position-indicating radio beacon 

EPLO emergency preparedness liaison officer 

EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory 

EPU expeditionary port unit

EPW enemy prisoner of war 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-60 JP 1-02

EPW/CI enemy prisoner of war/civilian internee

ERC emergency relief coordinator; exercise related 

construction

ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center

ERG Emergency Response Guidebook

ERGM extended range guided munitions

ERO engine running on or offload

ERPSS En Route Patient Staging System

ERRO Emergency Response and Recovery Office

ERSD estimated return to service date 

ERT emergency response team (FEMA); engineer 

reconnaissance team

ERT-A emergency response team - advance element 

ERU emergency response unit

ERW explosive remnants of war

ES electronic warfare support; executive secretariat

ESAC Electromagnetic-Space Analysis Center (NSA)

ESB engineer support battalion

ESC Electronics Systems Center; expeditionary sustainment 

command

ESF Economic Support Fund; emergency support function 

ESG executive steering group; expeditionary strike group 

ESGN electrically suspended gyro navigation 

ESI extremely sensitive information 

ESK electronic staff weather officer kit

ESM expeditionary site mapping 

ESO embarkation staff officer; environmental science officer;

Expeditionary Support Organization (DFAS)

ESOC Emergency Supply Operations Center

ESOH environmental, safety, and occupational health

ESORTS Enhanced Status of Resources and Training System

ESP engineer support plan

E-Space Electromagnetic-Space

ESR external supported recovery

EST embarked security team; emergency service team; 

emergency support team (FEMA); en route support 

team

ET electronics technician

ETA estimated time of arrival 

ETAC emergency tactical air control

ETD estimated time of departure 

ETF electronic target folder 

ETI estimated time of intercept 

ETIC estimated time for completion; estimated time in 

commission

ETM electronic transmission; essential tasks matrix
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-61

ETO Emergency Transportation Operations (DOT)

ETPL endorsed TEMPEST products list 

ETR export traffic release 

ETS European telephone system

ETSS extended training service specialist 

ETX end of text 

EU European Union 

E-UAV endurance unmanned aerial vehicle 

EUB essential user bypass 

EURV essential user rekeying variable 

EUSA Eighth US Army

EUSC effective United States control; effective United States 

controlled 

EUSCS effective United States-controlled ships

EVC evasion chart 

EVE equal value exchange

EW early warning; electronic warfare

EWC electronic warfare cell; electronic warfare coordinator 

EWCA electronic warfare control authority

EWCC electronic warfare coordination cell 

EWCS electronic warfare control ship 

EWD Electronic Warfare Directorate (USSTRATCOM)

EWE electronic warfare element

EWG electronic warfare group

EW/GCI early warning/ground-controlled intercept

EWIR electronic warfare integrated reprogramming 

EWO electronic warfare officer 

EWWG electronic warfare working group

EXCIMS Executive Council for Modeling and Simulations 

ExCom executive committee

EXDIR Executive Director (CIA) 

EXDIR/ICA Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs 

(USG) 

EXECSEC executive secretary 

EXER exercise 

EXORD execute order 

EXPLAN exercise plan 

EZ exchange zone

EZCO extraction zone control officer 

EZM engagement zone manager 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-62 JP 1-02

F

F Fahrenheit; flare patterns; flash

F2T2EA find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess

F3EAD find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate

F&ES fire and emergency services 

FA feasibility assessment; field artillery 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration (DOT); Foreign 

Assistance Act 

FAAO Federal Aviation Administration order

FAAR facilitated after-action review

FAC forward air controller 

FAC(A) forward air controller (airborne) 

FACE forward aviation combat engineering

FACSFAC fleet area control and surveillance facility 

FACT field advance civilian team; field assessment and 

coordination team

FAD feasible arrival date

F/AD force/activity designator 

FAE fuel air explosive 

FAH final attack heading; foreign affairs handbook

FALD Field Administration and Logistics Division

FALOP Forward Area Limited Observing Program

FAM functional area manager

FAMP forward area minefield planning

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN); foreign area 

officer

FAPES Force Augmentation Planning and Execution System 

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Aviation 

Regulation; formal assessment report

FARC Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

FARP forward arming and refueling point 

FAS Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA); frequency 

assignment subcommittee; fueling at sea; functional 

account symbol

FASCAM family of scatterable mines 

FAST field assessment surveillance team; fleet antiterrorism 

security team

FAX facsimile

FB forward boundary

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (DOJ)

FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service 

FBO faith-based organization

FC field circular; final coordination; fires cell (Army); floating 

causeway; floating craft; force commander 

FCA Foreign Claims Act; functional configuration audit
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-63

FCC Federal Communications Commission; Federal coordinating 

center; functional combatant commander 

FCE forward command element 

FCG foreign clearance guide

FCM foreign consequence management 

FCO federal coordinating officer 

FCP fire control party 

FCT firepower control team 

FD first draft; from temporary duty 

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FDBM functional database manager

FDC fire direction center 

FDESC force description 

FDL fast deployment logistics 

FDLP flight deck landing practice 

FDM frequency division multiplexing 

FDO fire direction officer; flexible deterrent option; flight deck 

officer; foreign disclosure officer 

FDP forward distribution point

FDPMU forward-deployable preventive medicine unit

FDR foreign disaster relief

FDR/FA flight data recorder/fault analyzer

FDS fault detection system 

FDSL fixed directory subscriber list 

FDSS fault detection subsystem 

FDSSS flight deck status and signaling system 

FDT forward distribution team

FDUL fixed directory unit list 

FDX full duplex 

FE facilities engineering; fires element

FEA front-end analysis

FEBA forward edge of the battle area 

FEC facilities engineering command; forward error correction 

FECC fires and effects coordination cell 

FED-STD federal standard 

FEI forensic-enabled intelligence

FEK frequency exchange keying 

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)

FEP fleet satellite (FLTSAT) extremely high frequency (EHF) 

Package; foreign excess property

FEPP federal excess personal property; foreign excess personal 

property 

FES fire emergency services

FEST foreign emergency support team; forward engineer 

support team

FET facility engineer team
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-64 JP 1-02

FEU forty-foot equivalent unit 

FEZ fighter engagement zone 

FF navy fast frigate

Ff fatigue correction factor 

FFA free-fire area 

FFC force fires coordinator

FFCC flight ferry control center; 

force fires coordination center (USMC)

FFD foundation feature data 

FFE field force engineering; flame field expedients

FFG guided missile frigate 

FFH fast frequency hopping 

FFH-net fast-frequency-hopping net 

FFHT-net fast-frequency-hopping training net 

FFIR friendly force information requirement 

FFP Food for Peace; fresh frozen plasma; Office of Food for 

Peace (DOS)

FFT friendly force tracking

FFTU forward freight terminal unit 

FG fighter group 

FGMDSS Future Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

FGS final governing standard; Force Generation Service (UN)

FH fleet hospital 

FHA Bureau for Food and Humanitarian Assistance; 

foreign humanitarian assistance 

FHC family help center 

FHP force health protection

FHWA Federal Highway Administration (DOT)

FI foreign intelligence

FIA functional interoperability architecture 

FIC force indicator code 

FID foreign internal defense 

FIDAF foreign internal defense augmentation force 

FIE fly-in echelon; foreign intelligence entity

FIFO first-in-first-out 

FinCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network

FIR first-impressions report

FIRCAP foreign intelligence requirements capabilities and priorities 

1st IOC 1st Information Operations Command (Land) 

FIS Foreign Intelligence Service

FISC fleet and industrial supply center

FISINT foreign instrumentation signals intelligence 

FISS foreign intelligence and security services

FIST fire support team; fleet imagery support terminal; fleet 

intelligence support team

FIWC fleet information warfare center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-65

FIXe navigational fix error 

FLAR forward-looking airborne radar 

FLC fleet logistics center

FLENUMMETOCCEN Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center

FLENUMMETOCDET Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic 

Detachment

FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (DHS)

FLIP flight information publication; flight instruction procedures

FLIR forward-looking infrared

FLITE federal legal information through electronics 

FLO/FLO float-on/float-off 

FLOLS fresnel lens optical landing system 

FLOT forward line of own troops 

FLP force level planning

FLS forward logistic site

FLSG force logistic support group

FLTCYBERCOM Fleet Cyber Command (Navy)

FLTSAT fleet satellite 

FLTSATCOM fleet satellite communications 

FM field manual (Army); financial management; flare 

multiunit; force module; 

frequency modulation; functional manager

FM/A functional manager for analysis

FMA-net frequency management A-net 

FMAS foreign media analysis subsystem 

FMAT financial management augmentation team

FMC force movement characteristics; full mission-capable

FMCH fleet multichannel 

FMCR Fleet Marine Corps Reserve 

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

FMI field manual-interim

FMF Fleet Marine Force 

FMFP foreign military financing program 

FMID force module identifier 

FMO frequency management office; functional manager office

FMP foreign materiel program

FMS force module subsystem; foreign military sales

FMSC frequency management sub-committee

FMT-net frequency management training net 

FMV full motion video

FN foreign nation

FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center

FNMOD Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic 

Detachment

FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Command 

FNS foreign nation support 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-66 JP 1-02

FO fiber optic; flash override; forward observer

FOB forward operating base

FOC full operational capability; future operations cell

FOD field operations division; foreign object damage

FOFW fiber optic field wire 

FOG Field Operations Guide for Disaster Assessment and 

Response

FOI fault detection isolation 

FOIA Freedom of Information Act 

FOIU fiber optic interface unit 

FOL fiber optic link

FON freedom of navigation (operations)

FORCE fuels operational readiness capability equipment (Air Force)

FORMICA foreign military intelligence collection activities

FORSCOM United States Army Forces Command 

FORSTAT force status and identity report 

FOS forward operating site; full operational status

FOT follow-on operational test 

FOUO for official use only 

FOV field of view

FP firing point; force protection; frequency panel

FPA foreign policy advisor 

FPC final planning conference; future plans cell 

FPCON force protection condition

FPD force protection detachment; foreign post differential 

FPF final protective fire 

FPM Federal personnel manual

FPO fleet post office

FPOC focal point operations center

FPS Federal Protective Service; force protection source 

FPTAS flight path threat analysis simulation 

FPTS forward propagation by tropospheric scatter

FPWG force protection working group 

FR final report; frequency response 

FRA Federal Railroad Administration (DOT) 

FRAG fragmentation code 

FRAGORD fragmentary order

FRC federal resource coordinator; forward resuscitative care

FRD formerly restricted data 

FREQ frequency 

FRERP Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan 

FRF fragment retention film

FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center 

(DOE) 

FRN force requirement number

FRO flexible response option
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-67

FROG free rocket over ground 

FRP Federal response plan (USG) 

FRRS frequency resource record system 

FRTP fleet response training plan

FS fighter squadron; file separator; file server; flare single-unit

fs search radius safety factor 

FSA fire support area 

FSB fire support base; forward staging base; forward support 

base; forward support battalion

FSC fire support cell; fire support coordinator (USMC)

FSCC fire support coordination center (USMC)

FSCL fire support coordination line 

FSCM fire support coordination measure 

FSCOORD fire support coordinator (Army)

FSE fire support element 

FSEM fire support execution matrix 

FSF foreign security forces

FSI Foreign Service Institute

FSK frequency shift key 

FSN foreign service national 

FSO fire support officer; flight safety officer; foreign service 

officer

FSP functional support plan

FSR field service representative

FSRT fatality search and recovery team

FSS fast sealift ship; fire support station; flight service station

FSSG force service support group (USMC) 

FSST forward space support to theater

FST fire support task; fleet surgical team

FSU former Soviet Union; forward support unit

FSW feet of seawater 

ft feet; foot

ft3 cubic feet 

FTC Federal Trade Commission 

FTCA Foreign Tort Claims Act

FTN force tracking number

FTP file transfer protocol

FTRG fleet tactical readiness group

FTS Federal Telecommunications System; Federal telephone 

service; file transfer service

FTU field training unit; freight terminal unit

FUAC functional area code 

FUNCPLAN functional plan

F/V fishing vessel 

Fv aircraft speed correction factor 

FVT Force Validation Tool
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-68 JP 1-02

FW fighter wing; fixed-wing; weather correction factor

FWA fraud, waste, and abuse

FWC fleet weather center

FWD forward 

FWDA friendly weapon danger area

FWF former warring factions 

FY fiscal year 

FYDP Future Years Defense Program
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-69

G

G-1 Army or Marine Corps component manpower or personnel 

staff officer (Army division or higher staff, 

Marine Corps brigade or higher staff) 

G-2 Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Army or 

Marine Corps component intelligence staff officer 

(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

higher staff) 

G-2X Army counterintelligence and human intelligence 

staff element

G-3 Army or Marine Corps component operations staff 

officer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps 

brigade or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, 

operations

G-4 Army or Marine Corps component logistics staff officer 

(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

higher staff); Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics

G-5 assistant chief of staff, plans

G-6 Army or Marine Corps component command, control, 

communications, and computer systems staff officer; 

assistant chief of staff for communications; signal staff 

officer (Army)

G-7 Army component information operations staff officer;

assistant chief of staff, information engagement;

information operations staff officer (ARFOR)

G/A ground to air 

GA geospatial analyst; Tabun, a nerve agent 

GAA general agency agreement; geospatial intelligence 

assessment activity 

GAFS General Accounting and Finance System 

GAMSS Global Air Mobility Support System

GAO General Accounting Office; Government Accountability 

Office

GAR gateway access request 

GARS Global Area Reference System

GAT governmental assistance team

GATB guidance, apportionment, and targeting board

GATES Global Air Transportation Execution System

GB group buffer; Sarin, a nerve agent 

GBI ground-based interceptor

GBL government bill of lading 

GBMD global ballistic missile defense

GBR ground-based radar

GBS Global Broadcast Service; Global Broadcast System

GBU guided bomb unit
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-70 JP 1-02

GC general counsel; Geneva Convention; Geneva 

Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian 

Persons in Time of War 

GC3A global command, control, and communications assessment 

GC4A global command, control, communications, and computer 

assessment 

GCA ground controlled approach

GCC geographic combatant commander; global contingency 

construction

GCCC global contingency construction contract

GCCMAC Global Contingency Construction Multiple Award 

Contract (Navy)

GCCS Global Command and Control System 

GCCS-A Global Command and Control System-Army

GCCS-I3 Global Command and Control System Integrated 

Imagery and Intelligence

GCCS-J Global Command and Control System-Joint 

GCCS-M Global Command and Control System-Maritime

GCE ground combat element (USMC)

GCI ground control intercept 

GCM global container manager; 

Global Information Grid (GIG) Content Management

GCP global campaign plan; ground commander’s pointer 

GCP-CWMD Global Campaign Plan for Combating Weapons of Mass 

Destruction

GCRI general collective routing indicator (RI) 

GCS ground control station 

GCSC global contingency service contract

GCSMAC Global Contingency Services Multiple Award 

Contract (Navy)

GCSS Global Command Support System

GCSS-J Global Combat Support System-Joint

GCTN global combating terrorism network

GD Soman, a nerve agent 

GDF gridded data field; Guidance for Development of the Force

GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program 

GDIPP General Defense Intelligence Proposed Program 

GDP General Defense Plan (SACEUR): gross domestic product 

GDSS Global Decision Support System 

GE general engineering

GEF Guidance for Employment of the Force

GEM Global Information Grid (GIG) Enterprise Management

GENADMIN general admin (message)

GENSER general service (message) 

GENTEXT general text 

GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-71

GEOCODE geographic code 

GEOFILE geolocation code file; standard specified geographic 

location file 

GEOINT geospatial intelligence 

GEOLOC geographic location; geographic location code 

GEOREF geographic reference; world geographic reference system

GETS geospatial enterprise tasking, processing, exploitation, 

and dissemination service

GF a nerve agent 

GFE government-furnished equipment

GFI government-furnished information

GFM global force management; global freight management; 

government-furnished material 

GFMAP Global Force Management Allocation Plan

GFMB Global Force Management Board

GFMIG Global Force Management Implementation Guidance

GFMPL Graphics Fleet Mission Program Library 

GFOAR global family of operation plans assessment report

GFP government-furnished property

GFS global fleet station; government-furnished support

GFU group framing unit 

GHz gigahertz 

GI geomatics and imagery

GI&S geospatial information and services 

GIAC graphic input aggregate control 

GIANT Global Positioning System Interference and 

Navigation Tool

GIBCO geospatial intelligence base for contingency operations 

GIC (gabarit international de chargement) international 

loading gauge 

GICNT Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism

GIE global information environment 

GIMS Geospatial Intelligence Information Management Services

GIO Geospatial Intelligence Organisation (New Zealand)

GIP gridded installation photograph 

GIS geographic information system; geospatial information 

systems

GL government-leased

GLCM ground-launched cruise missile

GLINT gated laser intensifier 

GLO ground liaison officer

GLOC ground line of communications

GLTD ground laser target designator 

GM group modem 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-72 JP 1-02

GMD global missile defense; ground-based midcourse defense; 

group mux and/or demux

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

GMF ground mobile force 

GMFP global military force policy 

GMI general military intelligence 

GMLRS Global Positioning System Multiple Launch 

Rocket System

GMP global maritime partnership

GMR graduated mobilization response; ground mobile radar 

GMRS global mobility readiness squadron

GMS global mobility squadron

GMSC Global Mission Support Center (USSOCOM)

GMTI ground moving target indicator

GNA Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Assurance

GNCC global network operations (NETOPS) center

GND Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Defense 

GNSC global network operations (NETOPS) support center

GNSS global navigation satellite system

GO government-owned

GOCO government-owned, contractor-operated 

GOES geostationary operational environmental satellite 

GO/FO general officer/flag officer

GOGO government-owned, government-operated

GOS grade of service 

GOSG general officer steering group 

GOTS government off-the-shelf

GP general purpose; group 

GPC geospatial planning cell; government purchase card

GPD gallons per day 

GPE geospatial intelligence preparation of the environment 

GPEE general purpose encryption equipment 

GPL Geospatial Product Library

GPM gallons per minute; global pallet manager

GPMDM group modem 

GPMIC Global Patient Movement Integration Center

GPMJAB Global Patient Movement Joint Advisory Board

GPMRC Global Patient Movement Requirements Center 

GPS Global Positioning System

GPSOC Global Positioning System Operations Center

GPW Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of 

Prisoners of War 

GR graduated response 

GRASP general retrieval and sort processor 

GRCA ground reference coverage area 

GRG gridded reference graphic 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-73

GRL global reach laydown 

GRREG graves registration

GS general service; general support; group separator

GSA General Services Administration

GSE ground support equipment 

GSI glide slope indicator 

GSM ground station module 

GSO general services officer

GSORTS Global Status of Resources and Training System 

GS-R general support-reinforcing 

GSR general support-reinforcing; ground surveillance radar

GSSA general supply support area 

GSSC global satellite communications (SATCOM) 

support center

GST geospatial support team

gt gross ton 

GTA graphic training aid

GTAS ground-to-air signals 

GTL gun-target line 

GTM global transportation management

GUARD US National Guard and Air Guard 

GUARDS General Unified Ammunition Reporting Data System 

G/VLLD ground/vehicle laser locator designator 

GWC global weather central 

GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network 

GWOT global war on terrorism

GWS Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the 

Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces 

in the Field 

GWS Sea Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the 

Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked 

Members of the Armed Forces at Sea
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-74 JP 1-02

H

H&I harassing and interdicting 

H&S headquarters and service

HA holding area; humanitarian assistance

HAARS high-altitude airdrop resupply system 

HAC helicopter aircraft commander; human intelligence 

analysis cell

HACC humanitarian assistance coordination center 

HAHO high-altitude high-opening parachute technique 

HAP humanitarian assistance program

HAP-EP humanitarian assistance program-excess property 

HARC human intelligence analysis and reporting cell

HARM high-speed antiradiation missile

HARP high altitude release point

HAST humanitarian assistance survey team 

HATR hazardous air traffic report

HAZ hazardous cargo 

HAZMAT hazardous materials

HB heavy boat 

HBCT heavy brigade combat team

HC Directorate for Human Capital (DIA)

HCA head of contracting activity; humanitarian and civic 

assistance 

HCAS hostile casualty 

HCL hydrochloride 

HCO helicopter control officer 

HCP hardcopy printer 

HCS helicopter combat support (Navy); helicopter 

coordination section

HCT human intelligence (HUMINT) collection team 

HD a mustard agent; harbor defense; harmonic distortion; 

homeland defense 

HDC harbor defense commander; helicopter direction center

HDCU harbor defense command unit

HDM humanitarian demining

HDO humanitarian demining operations

HDPLX half duplex 

HDR humanitarian daily ration

HDTC Humanitarian Demining Training Center

HE heavy equipment; high explosives

HEAT helicopter external air transport; high explosive antitank

HEC helicopter element coordinator

HEFOE hydraulic electrical fuel oxygen engine 

HEI high explosives incendiary

HEL-H heavy helicopter 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-75

HEL-L light helicopter 

HEL-M medium helicopter 

HELO helicopter 

HEMP high-altitude electromagnetic pulse 

HEMTT heavy expanded mobile tactical truck 

HEO highly elliptical orbit

HEPA high efficiency particulate air 

HERF hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels

HERO electromagnetic radiation hazards; hazards of 

electromagnetic radiation to ordnance 

HERP hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel 

HET heavy equipment transporter; human intelligence 

exploitation team

HEWSweb Humanitarian Early Warning Service

HF high frequency 

HFA human factors analysis

HFDF high-frequency direction finding

HFP hostile fire pay

HFRB high frequency regional broadcast

HH homing pattern 

HHC headquarters and headquarters company

HHD headquarters and headquarters detachment 

HHQ higher headquarters 

HHS Department of Health and Human Services 

HIC humanitarian information center

HICAP high-capacity firefighting foam station 

HIDACZ high-density airspace control zone 

HIDTA high-intensity drug trafficking area 

HIFR helicopter in-flight refueling 

HIMAD high-to-medium-altitude air defense

HIMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System 

HIMEZ high-altitude missile engagement zone 

HIRSS hover infrared suppressor subsystem 

HIRTA high intensity radio transmission area

HIU humanitarian information unit (DOS)

HIV human immunodeficiency virus 

HJ crypto key change 

HLPS heavy-lift pre-position ship 

HM hazardous material

HMA humanitarian mine action

HMCS helmet-mounted cueing system

HMH Marine heavy helicopter squadron

HMIRS Hazardous Material Information Resource System

HMIS Hazardous Material Information System

HMLA Marine light/attack helicopter squadron

HMM Marine medium helicopter squadron
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-76 JP 1-02

HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle 

HMOD harbormaster operations detachment 

HMW health, morale, and welfare 

HN host nation 

HNC host-nation coordination

HNCC host nation coordination center

HNS host-nation support 

HNSCC host-nation support coordination cell 

HNSF host-nation security forces

HOB height of burst 

HOC human intelligence operations cell; humanitarian 

operations center 

HOCC humanitarian operations coordination center

HOD head of delegation 

HOGE hover out of ground effect 

HOIS hostile intelligence service 

HOM head of mission 

HOSTAC helicopter operations from ships other than aircraft carriers 

(USN publication) 

HPA high power amplifier 

HPM high-power microwave

HPMSK high priority mission support kit 

HPT high-payoff target

HQ HAVE QUICK; headquarters

HQCOMDT headquarters commandant 

HQDA Headquarters, Department of the Army 

HQFM-net HAVE QUICK frequency modulation net

HQFMT-net HAVE QUICK frequency modulation training net 

HQMC Headquarters, Marine Corps

HR helicopter request; hostage rescue 

HRB high-risk billet 

HRC high-risk-of-capture; Human Resources Command

HRF homeland response force

HRJTF humanitarian relief joint task force

HRO humanitarian relief organizations

HRP high-risk personnel; human remains pouch

HRS horizon reference system 

HRT health response team; hostage rescue team 

HS health services; helicopter antisubmarine (Navy); 

homeland security; homing single-unit

HSAC Homeland Security Advisory Council 

HSAS Homeland Security Advisory System

HSB high speed boat

HSC helicopter sea combat (Navy); Homeland Security Council 

HSCDM high speed cable driver modem 

HSC/PC Homeland Security Council Principals Committee 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-77

HSC/PCC Homeland Security Council Policy Coordination Committee 

HSD health service delivery; human intelligence support 

detachment

HSE headquarters support element; human intelligence support 

element (DIA) 

HSEP hospital surgical expansion package (USAF)

HSI hyperspectral imagery; Office of Homeland Security 

Investigations (DHS)

HSIN Homeland Security Information Network (DHS)

HSIP Homeland Security Infrastructure Program

HSM humanitarian service medal 

HSPD homeland security Presidential directive 

HSPR high speed pulse restorer 

HSS health service support 

HSSDB high speed serial data buffer 

HST helicopter support team 

HSV high-speed vessel

HT hatch team 

HTERRCAS hostile terrorist casualty 

HTG hard target graphic 

HTH high test hypochlorite 

HU hospital unit 

HUD head-up display

HUMINT human intelligence

HUMRO humanitarian relief operation

HUMRO OCP humanitarian relief operation operational capability 

package

HUS hardened unique storage 

HVA high-value asset

HVAA high value airborne asset

HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

HVCDS high-velocity container delivery system

HVI high-value individual 

HVT high-value target

HW hazardous waste

HWM high water mark 

HYE high-yield explosives

Hz hertz 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-78 JP 1-02

I

I immediate; individual

I2 identity intelligence

I2WD Intelligence and Information Warfare Division (Army)

I&A Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS)

IA imagery analyst; implementing arrangement; individual 

augmentee; information assurance

IAA incident area assessment; incident awareness and 

assessment

IAC Interagency Advisory Council 

IACG interagency coordination group 

IADB Inter-American Defense Board 

IADS integrated air defense system

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN) 

IAF initial approach fix 

IAIP Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection 

IAM inertially aided munition

IAMD integrated air and missile defense

IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search 

and Rescue manual 

IAP incident action plan; international airport 

IAPP Interagency Partnership Program

IAR interoperability assessment report

IAS International Assistance System

IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee (UN); interim acting 

service chief

IATA International Air Transport Association 

IATACS Improved Army Tactical Communications System 

IATO interim authority to operate 

IAVM information assurance vulnerability management

IAW in accordance with 

I/B inboard 

IBB International Broadcasting Bureau 

IBCT infantry brigade combat team

IBES intelligence budget estimate submission

IBET integrated border enforcement team

IBM International Business Machines 

IBS Integrated Booking System; integrated broadcast service; 

Integrated Broadcast System 

IBS-I Integrated Broadcast Service-Interactive

IBS-S Integrated Broadcast Service-Simplex

IBU inshore boat unit 

IC incident commander; intelligence community; intercept 

IC3 integrated command, control, and communications

ICAD individual concern and deficiency 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-79

ICAF Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 

ICAT interagency conflict assessment team

ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile 

ICC information confidence convention; information 

coordination center; Intelligence Coordination 

Center (USCG); International Criminal Court; 

Interstate Commerce Commission

ICD international classifications of diseases; International 

Cooperation and Development Program (USDA) 

ICDC Intelligence Community Deputies Committee 

ICDS improved container delivery system

ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement (DHS)

ICEDEFOR Iceland Defense Forces

ICEPP Incident Communications Emergency Policy 

and Procedures

IC/EXCOM Intelligence Community Executive Committee 

ICG interagency core group

ICIS integrated consumable item support

ICITAP International Criminal Investigative Training

Assistance Program (DOJ) 

ICM image city map; improved conventional munitions; 

integrated collection management 

ICN idle channel noise; interface control net

ICNIA integrated communications, navigation, and identification 

avionics 

ICOD intelligence cutoff data 

ICODES integrated computerized deployment system

ICON imagery communications and operations node; 

intermediate coordination node 

ICP intertheater communications 

security package; interface change proposal; 

inventory control point

ICPC Intelligence Community Principals Committee 

ICR Intelligence Collection Requirements

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 

ICRI interswitch collective routing indicator 

ICS incident command system; integrated country strategy;

internal communications system; inter-Service chaplain 

support

ICSF integrated command communications system framework

ICSAR interagency committee on search and rescue 

ICT information and communications technology

ICU intensive care unit; interface control unit

ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies 

ICW in coordination with 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-80 JP 1-02

ID identification; identifier; initiating directive

IDAD internal defense and development 

IDB integrated database

IDCA International Development Cooperation Agency 

IDDF intermediate data distribution facility 

IDEAS Intelligence Data Elements Authorized Standards

IDEX imagery data exploitation system

IDF indirect fire; intermediate distribution frame 

ID/IQ indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity

IDL integrated distribution lane

IDM improved data modem; information dissemination 

management 

IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UN) 

IDO installation deployment officer

IDP imagery derived product; imminent danger pay; 

internally displaced person

IDRA infectious disease risk assessment

IDS individual deployment site; integrated deployment system; 

interface design standards; intrusion detection system

IDSRS Integrated Defense Source Registration System

IDSS interoperability decision support system

IDT inactive duty training

IDZ inner defense zone 

IEB intelligence exploitation base 

IED improvised explosive device

IEDD improvised explosive device defeat 

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEL illustrative evaluation scenario 

IEM installation emergency management

IEMATS improved emergency message automatic transmission 

system

IER information exchange requirement

IES imagery exploitation system

IESS imagery exploitation support system

IEW intelligence and electronic warfare 

IF intermediate frequency 

IFC intelligence fusion center 

IFCS improved fire control system 

IFF identification, friend or foe 

IFFN identification, friend, foe, or neutral 

IFF/SIF identification, friend or foe/selective identification feature 

IFO integrated financial operations

IFP integrated force package 

IFR instrument flight rules 

IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent 

Societies 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-81

IFSAR interferometric synthetic aperture radar

IG inspector general

IGC Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation 

Network Convergence

IGL intelligence gain/loss 

IGO intergovernmental organization

IGSM interim ground station module (JSTARS) 

IHADSS integrated helmet and display sight system (Army)

IHC international humanitarian community 

IHO industrial hygiene officer 

IHS international health specialist 

IIB interagency information bureau 

IICL Institute of International Container Lessors

IICT Interagency Intelligence Committee on Counterterrorism 

IIM intelligence information management

IIP Bureau of International Information Programs (DOS); 

interagency implementation plan; international 

information program; interoperability improvement 

program 

IIR imagery interpretation report; imaging infrared; 

intelligence information report

IJC3S initial joint command, control, and communications 

system; Integrated Joint Command, Control, and 

Communications System

IL intermediate location

ILAB Bureau of International Labor Affairs (DOL)

ILO in lieu of; International Labor Organization (UN) 

ILOC integrated line of communications 

ILS integrated logistic support

IM information management; intermediate module

IMA individual mobilization augmentee 

IMAAC Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment 

Center

IMC instrument meteorological conditions; International 

Medical Corps 

IMDC isolated, missing, detained, or captured 

IMDG international maritime dangerous goods (UN)

IMET international military education and training 

IMETS Integrated Meteorological System

IMF International Monetary Fund (UN) 

IMI international military information

IMINT imagery intelligence 

IMIT international military information team

IMLTU intermatrix line termination unit 

IMM integrated materiel management; intelligence mission 

management
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-82 JP 1-02

IMMDELREQ immediate delivery required 

IMO information management officer; International Maritime 

Organization 

IMOSAR International Maritime Organization (IMO) search 

and rescue manual 

IMOSS interim mobile oceanographic support system

IMP implementation; information management plan; 

inventory management plan

IMPP integrated mission planning process

IMPT incident management planning team; integrated mission 

planning team

IMRL individual material requirements list

IMS information management system; interagency 

management system; Interagency Management System 

for Reconstruction and Stabilization; international 

military staff; international military standardization 

IMSP information management support plan

IMSU installation medical support unit

IMTF integrated mission task force

IMU inertial measuring unit; intermatrix unit 

IN Air Force component intelligence officer (staff); impulse 

noise; instructor

INCERFA uncertainty phase (ICAO) 

INCNR increment number 

INCSEA incidents at sea

IND improvised nuclear device

INDRAC Interagency Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction 

Database of Responsibilities, Authorities, and Capabilities

INF infantry 

INFLTREP inflight report

INFOCON information operations condition

INID intercept network in dialing 

INJILL injured or ill 

INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement 

Affairs (DOS) 

INLS improved Navy lighterage system

INM international narcotics matters 

INMARSAT international maritime satellite 

INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research (DOS)

INREQ information request 

INRP Initial National Response Plan 

INS Immigration and Naturalization Service; inertial navigation 

system; insert code 

INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group

INSCOM United States Army Intelligence and Security Command 

INTAC individual terrorism awareness course 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-83

INTACS integrated tactical communications system 

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 

INTELSITSUM intelligence situation summary

InterAction American Council for Voluntary International Action

INTERCO International Code of signals 

INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization 

INTERPOL-USNCB International Criminal Police Organization, United States 

National Central Bureau (DOJ) 

INTREP intelligence report 

INU inertial navigation unit; integration unit 

INV invalid 

INVOL involuntary 

I/O input/output 

IO information objectives; information operations; 

intelligence oversight

IOB intelligence oversight board

IOC Industrial Operations Command; initial operational 

capability; intelligence operations center; investigations 

operations center 

IOCB information operations coordination board

IO force information operations force

IOI injured other than hostilities or illness 

IOII information operations intelligence integration

IOM installation, operation, and maintenance; International 

Organization for Migration 

IOP interface operating procedure 

IOSS Interagency Operations Security Support Staff 

IOT information operations team

IOU input/output unit 

IOW information operations wing

IOWG information operations working group

IP initial point; initial position; instructor pilot; intelligence 

planning; internet protocol

IPA intelligence production agency 

IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace 

IPBD intelligence program budget decision

IPC initial planning conference; integration planning cell; 

interagency planning cell; interagency policy 

committee

IPDM intelligence program decision memorandum

IPDP inland petroleum distribution plan 

IPDS imagery processing and dissemination system; inland 

petroleum distribution system (Army)

IPE individual protective equipment; industrial plant equipment 

IPG isolated personnel guidance 

IPI indigenous populations and institutions 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-84 JP 1-02

IPL imagery product library; integrated priority list 

IPO International Program Office

IPOE intelligence preparation of the operational environment 

IPOM intelligence program objective memorandum

IPP impact point prediction; industrial preparedness program 

IPR in-progress review; intelligence production requirement 

IPR F plan approval in-progress review

IPRG intelligence program review group

IPS illustrative planning scenario; Integrated Planning 

System (DHS); Interim Polar System; 

interoperability planning system

IPSG intelligence program support group 

IPSP intelligence priorities for strategic planning 

IPT integrated planning team; integrated process team; 

Integrated Product Team; intelligence planning team

I/R internment/resettlement

IR incident report; information rate; information requirement; 

infrared; intelligence requirement

IRA Provisional Irish Republican Army

IRAC Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (DOC)

IRBM intermediate-range ballistic missile

I/R BN internment/resettlement battalion

IRC information-related capability; International Red Cross; 

International Rescue Committee; internet relay chat

IRCCM infrared counter countermeasures

IRCM infrared countermeasures

IRDS infrared detection set 

IRF Immediate Reaction Forces (NATO); incident response force

IRINT infrared intelligence 

IRISA Intelligence Report Index Summary File

IRO international relief organization 

IR pointer infrared pointer

IRR Individual Ready Reserve; integrated readiness report

IRS Internal Revenue Service 

IRSCC interagency remote sensing coordination cell

IRST infrared search and track

IRSTS infrared search and track sensor; Infrared Search and Track 

System

IRT Initial Response Team

IRTPA Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

IS information superiority; information system; interswitch

ISA individual Service augmentee; international 

standardization agreement; inter-Service agreement 

ISAC information sharing and analysis center

ISAF International Security Assistance Force

ISB intermediate staging base 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-85

ISDB integrated satellite communications (SATCOM) database 

ISDDC Integrated Mission Support for Surface Deployment and 

Distribution Command

ISE Information Sharing Environment ;intelligence support 

element 

ISG information synchronization group; isolated soldier guidance

ISI2R identify, separate, isolate, influence, and reintegrate

ISMCS international station meteorological climatic summary

ISMMP integrated continental United States (CONUS) medical 

mobilization plan 

ISN Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation

(DOS); internment serial number 

ISO International Organization for Standardization; isolation

ISOO Information Security Oversight Office 

ISOPAK International Organization for Standardization package 

ISOPREP isolated personnel report 

ISP internet service provider

ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

ISRD intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance division

ISRLO intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

liaison officer (USAF)

ISR WG Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing

ISS in-system select 

ISSA inter-Service support agreement 

ISSG Intelligence Senior Steering Group 

ISSM information system security manager

ISSO information systems security organization 

IST integrated system test; interswitch trunk 

ISU internal airlift or helicopter slingable container unit

I/T interpreter and translator

IT information system technician; information technology

ITA international telegraphic alphabet; International Trade 

Administration (DOC)

ITAC intelligence and threat analysis center (Army) 

ITALD improved tactical air-launched decoy 

ITAR international traffic in arms regulation (coassembly) 

ITF intelligence task force (DIA) 

ITG infrared target graphic 

ITL intelligence task list

ITO installation transportation officer 

ITRO inter-Service training organization 

ITU International Telecommunications Union 

ITV in-transit visibility

ITW/AA integrated tactical warning and attack assessment

IUWG inshore undersea warfare group 

IV intravenous 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-86 JP 1-02

IVR initial voice report 

IVSN Initial Voice Switched Network 

IW irregular warfare

IWC information operations warfare commander

IW-D defensive information warfare 

IWG intelligence working group; interagency working group

IWSC Information Warfare Support Center 

IWW inland waterway 

IWWS inland waterway system 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-87

J

J-1 manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff; 

manpower and personnel staff section

J-2 intelligence directorate of a joint staff; intelligence staff 

section

J-2A deputy directorate for administration of a joint staff 

J2-CI Joint Counterintelligence Office

J-2E joint force exploitation staff element

J-2J deputy directorate for support of a joint staff 

J-2M deputy directorate for crisis management of a joint staff 

J-2O deputy directorate for crisis operations of a joint staff 

J-2P deputy directorate for assessment, doctrine, requirements, 

and capabilities of a joint staff 

J-2T Deputy Directorate for Targeting, Joint Staff Intelligence 

Directorate

J-2T-1 joint staff target operations division 

J-2T-2 Target Plans Division 

J-2X joint force counterintelligence and human intelligence 

staff element

J-3 operations directorate of a joint staff; operations staff section 

J-4 logistics directorate of a joint staff; logistics staff section

J-5 plans directorate of a joint staff; plans staff section 

J-6 communications system directorate of a joint staff; 

command, control, communications, and computer 

systems staff section 

J-7 engineering staff section of a joint staff; Joint Staff 

Directorate for Joint Force Development; operational 

plans and interoperability directorate of a joint staff 

J-7/JED exercises and training directorate of a joint staff 

J-8 Joint Staff Directorate for Force Structure, Resource, and 

Assessment; force structure, resource, and 

assessment directorate of a joint staff 

J-9 civil-military operations directorate of a joint staff;

civil-military operations staff section

J-31 Joint Force Coordinator (Joint Staff)

J-35 future operations cell

J-39 DDGO Joint Staff, Deputy Director for Global Operations

JA judge advocate

J-A judge advocate directorate of a joint staff 

JAARS Joint After-Action Reporting System 

JAAT joint air attack team 

JA/ATT joint airborne and air transportability training 

JAC joint analysis center

JACC joint airspace control center

JCCA joint combat capability assessment
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-88 JP 1-02

JACCC joint airlift coordination and control cell

JACC/CP joint airborne communications center/command post 

JACCE joint air component coordination element

JACE joint air coordination element

JACS joint automated communication-electronics operating 

instructions system

JADO joint air defense operations 

JADOC Joint Air Defense Operations Center (NORAD)

JADOCS Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System 

JAFWIN JWICS Air Force weather information network

JAG judge advocate general 

JAGIC joint air-ground integration center

JAGMAN Manual of the Judge Advocate General (US Navy)

JAI joint administrative instruction; joint airdrop inspection

JAIC joint air intelligence center 

JAIEG joint atomic information exchange group 

JAMMS Joint Asset Movement Management System

JAMPS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control 

Systems (JINTACCS) automated message preparation 

system 

JANAP Joint Army, Navy, Air Force publication 

JAO joint air operations

JAOC joint air operations center 

JAOP joint air operations plan

JAPO joint area petroleum office 

JAR joint activity report

JARCC joint air reconnaissance control center

JARN joint air request net

JARS joint automated readiness system

JASC joint action steering committee

JASSM joint air-to-surface standoff missile

JAT joint acceptance test; joint assessment team

JATACS joint advanced tactical cryptological support

JAT Guide Joint Antiterrorism Program Manager’s Guide 

JAWS Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual (JMEM)/air-tosurface weaponeering system 

JBP Joint Blood Program

JBPO joint blood program office 

JC2WC joint command and control warfare center 

JCA jamming control authority; joint capability area 

JCASO Joint Contingency Acquisition Support Office (DLA)

JCASREP joint casualty report

JCAT joint crisis action team 

JCC joint collaboration cell; joint command center; joint 

contracting center; joint course catalog; joint 

cyberspace center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-89

JCCB Joint Configuration Control Board

JCCC joint combat camera center; joint communications control 

center

JCCP joint casualty collection point 

JCCSE Joint Continental United States Communications Support 

Environment

JCE Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture (JIVA) 

Collaborative Environment 

JCEOI joint communications-electronics operating instructions 

JCET joint combined exchange training; joint combined exercise 

for training 

JCEWR joint coordination of electronic warfare reprogramming

JCEWS joint force commander’s electronic warfare staff 

JCGRO joint central graves registration office 

JCIDO Joint Combat Identification Office

JCIOC joint counterintelligence operations center

JCISA Joint Command Information Systems Activity 

JCISB Joint Counterintelligence Support Branch 

JCIU joint counterintelligence unit

JCLL joint center for lessons learned 

JCMA joint communications security monitoring activity

JCMB joint collection management board

JCMC joint crisis management capability 

JCMEB joint civil-military engineer board 

JCMEC Joint Captured Materiel Exploitation Center (DIA)

JCMO joint communications security management office 

JCMOTF joint civil-military operations task force 

JCMPO Joint Cruise Missile Project Office

JCMS Joint Construction Management System

JCMT joint collection management tools

JCN joint communications network; joint communications 

node

JCRM Joint Capabilities Requirements Manager

JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff 

JCSAN Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network 

JCSAR joint combat search and rescue 

JCSB joint contracting support board

JCSC joint communications satellite center 

JCSE joint communications support element; Joint 

Communications Support Element (USTRANSCOM)

JCSM Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum

JCSP joint contracting support plan

JCSS joint communications support squadron 

JCTN joint composite track network

JDA joint duty assignment 

JDAAP Joint Doctrine Awareness Action Plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-90 JP 1-02

JDAL Joint Duty Assignment List

JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition

JDAMIS Joint Duty Assignment Management Information System

JDAT joint deployable analysis team

JDC joint deployment community; Joint Doctrine Center

JDD joint doctrine distribution 

JDDC joint doctrine development community 

JDDE joint deployment and distribution enterprise

JDDOC joint deployment and distribution operations center

JDDT joint doctrine development tool

JDEC joint document exploitation center 

JDEIS Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic 

Information System 

JDIG Joint Drug Intelligence Group 

JDIGS Joint Digital Information Gathering System

JDISS joint deployable intelligence support system 

JDN joint data network; joint doctrine note

JDNC joint data network operations cell

JDNO joint data network operations officer 

JDOG joint detention operations group 

JDOMS Joint Director of Military Support 

JDPC Joint Doctrine Planning Conference 

JDPI joint desired point of impact

JDPO joint deployment process owner

JDSS Joint Decision Support System 

JDSSC Joint Data Systems Support Center 

JDTC Joint Deployment Training Center

JE joint experimentation 

JEAP Joint Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) Analysis Program

JECC Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (USTRANSCOM)

JECE Joint Elimination Coordination Element

JECG joint exercise control group 

JECPO Joint Electronic Commerce Program Office

JED Joint Education and Doctrine

JEDD Joint Education and Doctrine Division 

JEEP joint emergency evacuation plan 

JEFF Joint Expeditionary Forensic Facility (Army)

JEL Joint Electronic Library 

JEL+ Joint Electronic Library Plus

JEM joint exercise manual 

JEMB joint environmental management board

JEMP joint exercise management package 

JEMSMO joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations

JEMSO joint electromagnetic spectrum operations

JENM joint enterprise network manager

JEP Joint Exercise Program
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-91

JEPES Joint Engineer Planning and Execution System

JET joint expeditionary team; Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System editing tool

JEWC Joint Electronic Warfare Center 

JEWCS Joint Electronic Warfare Core Staff (NATO)

JEZ joint engagement zone 

JFA joint field activity

JFACC joint force air component commander 

JFAST Joint Flow and Analysis System for Transportation

JFC joint force commander 

JFCC joint functional component command 

JFCC-GS Joint Functional Component Command for Global Strike

JFCC-IMD Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated 

Missile Defense 

JFCC-ISR Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, 

Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (USSTRATCOM)

JFCC NW Joint Functional Component Command for Network 

Warfare

JFCC-Space Joint Functional Component Command for Space

(USSTRATCOM)

JFCH joint force chaplain

JFE joint fires element

JFHQ joint force headquarters 

JFHQ–NCR Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region

JFHQ–State joint force headquarters-state

JFIIT Joint Fires Integration and Interoperability Team 

JFIP Japanese facilities improvement project 

JFLCC joint force land component commander 

JFMC joint fleet mail center 

JFMCC joint force maritime component commander 

JFMO joint frequency management office

JFO joint field office; joint fires observer

JFP joint force package (packaging); joint force provider; 

Joint Frequency Panel (MCEB)

JFRB Joint Foreign Release Board

JFRG joint force requirements generator

JFRG II joint force requirements generator II

JFS joint force surgeon 

JFSOC joint force special operations component

JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander 

JFTR joint Federal travel regulations 

JFUB joint facilities utilization board

JGWE joint global warning enterprise

JHMCS joint helmet-mounted cueing system

JHSV joint high-speed vessel

JI joint inspection 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-92 JP 1-02

JIA joint individual augmentation; joint individual augmentee

JIACG joint interagency coordination group 

JIADS joint integrated air defense system

JIATF joint interagency task force 

JIATF-E joint interagency task force - East 

JIATF-S Joint Interagency Task Force-South 

JIATF-W Joint Interagency Task Force-West 

JIC joint information center 

JICC joint information coordination center; 

joint interface control cell

JICO joint interface control officer

JICPAC Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific 

JICTRANS Joint Intelligence Center for Transportation

JIDC joint intelligence and debriefing center; joint 

interrogation and debriefing center 

JIEDDO Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization

JIEE Joint Information Exchange Environment

JIEO joint interoperability engineering organization 

JIEP joint intelligence estimate for planning 

JIES joint interoperability evaluation system

JIG joint interrogation group 

JILE joint intelligence liaison element 

JIMB joint information management board 

JIMP joint implementation master plan

JIMPP joint industrial mobilization planning process 

JIMS joint information management system

JINTACCS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control 

Systems

JIO joint interrogation operations 

JIOC joint information operations center; joint intelligence 

operations center

JIOCPAC Joint Intelligence Operations Center, Pacific

JIOC-SOUTH Joint Intelligence Operations Center, South

JIOC-TRANS Joint Intelligence Operations Center - Transportation 

JIOP joint interface operational procedures 

JIOP-MTF joint interface operating procedures-message text formats 

JIOWC Joint Information Operations Warfare Center

JIPC joint imagery production complex 

JIPCL joint integrated prioritized collection list 

JIPOE joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment 

JIPTL joint integrated prioritized target list 

JIS joint information system

JISE joint intelligence support element 

JITC joint interoperability test command 

JITF-CT Joint Intelligence Task Force for Combating Terrorism 

JIVA Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-93

JIVU Joint Intelligence Virtual University

JKDDC Joint Knowledge Development and Distribution Capability 

JKnIFE Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization

Knowledge and Information Fusion Exchange

JLCC joint lighterage control center; joint logistics coordination 

center 

JLE joint logistics environment

JLEnt joint logistics enterprise

JLLIS Joint Lessons Learned Information System

JLLP Joint Lessons Learned Program 

JLNCHREP joint launch report 

JLOA joint logistics over-the-shore operation area

JLOC joint logistics operations center

JLOTS joint logistics over-the-shore

JLRC joint logistics readiness center

JLSB joint line of communications security board 

JLSE joint legal support element 

JM&S joint modeling and simulation 

JMAARS joint model after-action review system 

JMAC Joint Mortuary Affairs Center (Army)

JMAG Joint METOC Advisory Group

JMAO joint mortuary affairs office; joint mortuary affairs officer

JMAR joint medical asset repository 

JMAS joint manpower automation system 

JMAT joint medical analysis tool; joint mobility assistance team 

JMB joint meteorology and oceanography board

JMC joint military command; joint movement center

JMCC joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination cell

JMCG joint movement control group

JMCIS Joint Maritime Command Information System 

JMCO joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination 

organization

JMCOMS joint maritime communications system

JMD joint manning document 

JMeDSAF joint medical semi-automated forces 

JMEEL joint mission-essential equipment list

JMEM Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual 

JMET joint mission-essential task

JMETL joint mission-essential task list 

JMIC Joint Military Intelligence College; joint modular 

intermodal container

JMICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 

mobile integrated communications system 

JMIE joint maritime information element

JMIP joint military intelligence program

JMISC Joint Military Information Support Command
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-94 JP 1-02

JMISTF joint military information support task force

JMITC Joint Military Intelligence Training Center

JMLO joint medical logistics officer 

JMMC Joint Material Management Center

JMMT joint military mail terminal 

JMNA joint military net assessment

JMO joint maritime operations; joint meteorological and 

oceanographic officer; joint munitions office

JMO(AIR) joint maritime operations (air) 

JMOC joint medical operations center 

JMP joint manpower program

JMPA joint military postal activity; joint military satellite 

communications (MILSATCOM) panel administrator

JMPAB Joint Materiel Priorities and Allocation Board

JMPS Joint Mission Planning System

JMPT Joint Medical Planning Tool

JMRC joint mobile relay center 

JMRO Joint Medical Regulating Office 

JMRR Joint Monthly Readiness Review

JMSEP joint modeling and simulation executive panel 

JMSWG Joint Multi-Tactical Digital Information Link 

(Multi-TADIL) Standards Working Group 

JMT joint military training

JMTCA joint munitions transportation coordinating activity 

JMTCSS Joint Maritime Tactical Communications Switching 

System

JMTG joint military information support operations task group 

JMUA Joint Meritorious Unit Award 

JMV joint METOC viewer

JMWG joint medical working group 

JNCC joint network operations control center

JNMS joint network management system

JNOCC Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) 

Network Operation Control Center 

JNPE joint nuclear planning element 

JNSC Joint Navigation Warfare Center Navigation Warfare 

Support Cell

JNWC Joint Navigation Warfare Center

JOA joint operations area 

JOAF joint operations area forecast

JOC joint operations center; joint oversight committee

JOCC joint operations command center

JOERAD joint spectrum center ordnance electromagnetic 

environmental effects risk assessment database

JOG joint operations graphic 

JOGS joint operation graphics system 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-95

JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

JOPESIR Joint Operation Planning and Execution System Incident 

Reporting System 

JOPESREP Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

Reporting System 

JOPG joint operations planning group

JOPP joint operation planning process

JOPPA joint operation planning process for air

JOR joint operational requirement

JORD joint operational requirements document

JOSE joint operations security support element

JOSG joint operational steering group

JOT&E joint operational test and evaluation

JOTC joint operations tasking center

JOTS Joint Operational Tactical System

JP joint publication

JP4 jet propulsion fuel, type 4

JP5 jet propulsion fuel, type 5

JP8 jet propulsion fuel, type 8

JPAC joint planning augmentation cell; Joint POW/MIA 

Accounting Command 

JPADS joint precision airdrop system

JPAG Joint Planning Advisory Group

JPARR joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting

JPASE joint public affairs support element; Joint Public Affairs 

Support Element (USTRANSCOM)

JPATS joint primary aircraft training system 

JPAV joint personnel asset visibility

JPC joint planning cell; joint postal cell 

JPD joint planning document 

JPEC joint planning and execution community

JPED joint personal effects depot

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPERSTAT joint personnel status and casualty report 

JPG joint planning group

JPME joint professional military education 

JPMRC joint patient movement requirements center 

JPMT joint patient movement team 

JPN joint planning network

JPO joint petroleum office; Joint Program Office

JPOC joint personnel operations center; joint planning 

orientation course

JPOI joint program of instruction

JPOM joint preparation and onward movement

JPO-STC Joint Program Office for Special Technology 

Countermeasures 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-96 JP 1-02

JPRA Joint Personnel Recovery Agency 

JPRC joint personnel reception center ; joint personnel recovery 

center 

JPRSP joint personnel recovery support product 

JPS joint processing system

JPSE Joint Planning Support Element (USTRANSCOM)

JPTTA joint personnel training and tracking activity

JQR joint qualification requirements

JQRR joint quarterly readiness review 

JRADS Joint Resource Assessment Data System 

JRB Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) Review 

Board

JRC joint reconnaissance center 

JRCC joint reception coordination center

JRERP Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan

JRFL joint restricted frequency list 

JRG joint review group

JRIC joint reserve intelligence center 

JRIP Joint Reserve Intelligence Program

JRMB Joint Requirements and Management Board

JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council 

JRRB joint requirements review board

JRS joint reporting structure 

JRSC jam-resistant secure communications; joint rescue 

sub-center

JRSOI joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration

JRTC joint readiness training center

JRX joint readiness exercise

JS Joint Staff; the Joint Staff 

JSA joint security area 

JSAC joint strike analysis cell; joint strike analysis center

JSAM joint security assistance memorandum; Joint Service 

Achievement Medal; joint standoff surface attack missile

JSAN Joint Staff automation for the nineties 

JSAP Joint Staff action package; Joint Staff action processing 

JSAS joint strike analysis system

JSC joint security coordinator; Joint Spectrum Center 

JSCAT joint staff crisis action team 

JSCC joint security coordination center; joint Services 

coordination committee 

JSCM Joint Service Commendation Medal

JSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan

JSDS Joint Staff doctrine sponsor

JSEC joint strategic exploitation center 

JSETS Joint Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking 

Electronic Tracking System
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-97

JSF joint support force

JSHO joint shipboard helicopter operations

JSIDS joint Services imagery digitizing system

JSIR joint spectrum interference resolution

JSISC Joint Staff Information Service Center

JSIT Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) 

information trace

JSIVA Joint Staff Integrated Vulnerability Assessment 

JSM Joint Staff Manual

JSME joint spectrum management element 

JSMS joint spectrum management system 

JSO joint security operations

JSOA joint special operations area 

JSOAC joint special operations air component; joint special 

operations aviation component 

JSOACC joint special operations air component commander 

JSOC joint special operations command 

JSOFI Joint Special Operations Forces Institute 

JSOTF joint special operations task force 

JSOU Joint Special Operations University 

JSOW joint stand-off weapon

JSPA joint satellite communications panel 

administrator 

JSPD joint strategic planning document 

JSPDSA joint strategic planning document supporting analyses 

JSPOC Joint Space Operations Center 

JSPS Joint Strategic Planning System 

JSR joint strategy review

JSRC joint subregional command (NATO)

JSS joint surveillance system

JSSA joint Services survival, evasion, resistance, and escape 

(SERE) agency

JSSIS joint staff support information system

JSST joint space support team 

JSTAR joint system threat assessment report

JSTARS Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System

JSTE joint system training exercise 

JSTO joint space tasking order

JT&E joint test and evaluation

JTA joint technical architecture

JTAC joint terminal attack controller; Joint Terrorism Analysis 

Center 

JTACE joint technical advisory chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear element

JTADS Joint Tactical Air Defense System (Army); Joint Tactical 

Display System
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-98 JP 1-02

JTAGS joint tactical ground station (Army); joint tactical ground 

station (Army and Navy); joint tactical ground system 

JTAIC Joint Technical Analysis and Integration Cell (Army)

JTAO joint tactical air operations 

JTAR joint tactical air strike request 

JTASC joint training analysis and simulation center

JTASG Joint Targeting Automation Steering Group 

JTAV-IT joint total asset visibility-in theater

JTB Joint Transportation Board 

JTC joint technical committee; Joint Training Confederation

JTCB joint targeting coordination board

JTCC joint transportation coordination cell; joint transportation 

coordination center; joint transportation corporate 

information management center 

JTCOIC Joint Training Counter-Improvised Explosive Device 

Operations Integration Center

JTD joint table of distribution; joint theater distribution 

JTDC joint track data coordinator

JTF joint task force 

JTF-6 joint task force-6 

JTF-AK Joint Task Force-Alaska 

JTF-B joint task force-Bravo 

JTFCEM joint task force contingency engineering management 

JTF-CM joint task force - consequence management 

JTF-CS Joint Task Force-Civil Support

JTF-E joint task force - elimination

JTF-GNO Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations 

JTF-GTMO Joint Task Force-Guantanamo 

JTF-HD Joint Task Force-Homeland Defense 

JTF HQ joint task force headquarters 

JTF-MAO joint task force - mortuary affairs office 

JTF-N Joint Task Force-North 

JTFP Joint Tactical Fusion Program 

JTF-PO joint task force-port opening

JTFS joint task force surgeon 

JTF-State joint task force-state

JTIC joint transportation intelligence center 

JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System 

JTL joint target list 

JTLM joint theater logistics management

JTLS joint theater-level simulation 

JTM joint training manual 

JTMD joint table of mobilization and distribution; Joint 

Terminology Master Database

JTMP joint training master plan 

JTMS joint theater movement staff; joint training master schedule
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-99

JTP joint test publication; joint training plan

JTR joint travel regulations

JTRB joint telecommunication resources board 

JTS Joint Targeting School; Joint Training System

JTSCC joint theater support contracting command

JTSSCCB Joint Tactical Switched Systems Configuration Control 

Board 

JTSST joint training system support team 

JTT joint targeting toolbox; joint training team 

JTTF joint terrorism task force 

JTWG joint targeting working group

JU Joint Tactical Information Distribution System unit

JUH-MTF Joint User Handbook-Message Text Formats 

JUIC joint unit identification code 

JUO joint urban operation

JUON joint urgent operational need

JUSMAG Joint United States Military Advisory Group 

JUWTF joint unconventional warfare task force

JV Joint Vision

JV 2020 Joint Vision 2020

JVB joint visitors bureau

JVIDS Joint Visual Integrated Display System 

JVSEAS Joint Virtual Security Environment Assessment System 

JWAC Joint Warfare Analysis Center 

JWARS Joint Warfare Analysis and Requirements System

JWC Joint Warfare Center 

JWFC Joint Warfighting Center 

JWG joint working group 

JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 

JWID joint warrior interoperability demonstration
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-100 JP 1-02

K

k thousand

Ka Kurtz-above band 

KAL key assets list 

KAPP Key Assets Protection Program 

kb kilobit 

kbps kilobits per second 

KC-135 Stratotanker

KEK key encryption key 

KG key generator 

kg kilogram

kHz kilohertz 

K-Kill catastrophic kill

KLE key leader engagement

KLIP key doctrine element-linked information package

km kilometer 

KMC knowledge management center 

KNP Korean National Police 

KP key pulse 

kph kilometers per hour

KPP key performance parameter

KQ ID tactical location identifier 

kt kiloton(s); knot (nautical miles per hour)

Ku Kurtz-under band 

kVA kilo Volt-Amps

KVG key variable generator 

kW kilowatt

KWOC keyword-out-of-context 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-101

L

L length 

l search subarea length 

LA lead agent; legal adviser; line amplifier; loop key generator 

(LKG) adapter

LAADS low altitude air defense system

LAAM light anti-aircraft missile

LABS laser airborne bathymetry system

LACV lighter, air cushioned vehicle 

LAD latest arrival date; launch area denied

LAMPS Light Airborne Multipurpose System (helicopter) 

LAN local area network 

LANDCENT Allied Land Forces Central Europe (NATO)

LANDSAT land satellite 

LANDSOUTH Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (NATO)

LANTIRN low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night 

LAO limited attack option 

LARC lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo 

LARC-V lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo, 5 ton 

LARS lightweight airborne recovery system 

LASH lighter aboard ship 

LAT latitude 

LAV light armored vehicle 

lb pound 

lbs. pounds

LBR Laser Beam Rider

LC lake current; legal counsel 

LCAC landing craft, air cushion

LCADS low-cost aerial delivery system

LCAP low combat air patrol

LCB line of constant bearing 

LCC amphibious command ship; land component commander; 

launch control center; lighterage control center; link 

communications circuit; logistics component command 

LCCS landing craft control ship

LCE logistics capability estimator; logistics combat element 

(USMC)

LCES line conditioning equipment scanner 

LCM landing craft, mechanized; letter-class mail; life-cycle 

management 

LCMC life cycle management command

LCO landing craft air cushion control officer; lighterage 

control officer

LCP lighterage control point 

LCPL landing craft, personnel, light
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-102 JP 1-02

LCS landing craft air cushion control ship

LCSR life cycle systems readiness

LCU landing craft, utility; launch correlation unit 

LCVP landing craft, vehicle, personnel 

LD line of departure 

LDA limited depository account

LDF lightweight digital facsimile 

LDI line driver interface 

LDO laser designator operator 

LDR leader; low data rate

LE law enforcement; low-order explosives

LEA law enforcement agency

LEAP Light ExoAtmospheric Projectile

LEASAT leased satellite 

LEAU Law Enforcement Assistance Unit (FAA) 

LECIC Law Enforcement and Counterintelligence Center (DOD) 

LED law enforcement desk; light emitting diode

LEDET law enforcement detachment (USCG)

LEGAT legal attaché

LEIP Law Enforcement Intelligence Program (USCG)

LEMP low-altitude electromagnetic pulse

LEO law enforcement operations; low Earth orbit

LEP laser eye protection; law enforcement professional;

linear error probable 

LERSM lower echelon reporting and surveillance module

LERTCON alert condition 

LES law enforcement sensitive; leave and earnings statement; 

Lincoln Laboratories Experimental Satellite

LESO Law Enforcement Support Office

LET light equipment transport 

L-EWE land-electronic warfare element

LF landing force; low frequency 

LFA lead federal agency

LFOC landing force operations center

LFORM landing force operational reserve material 

LFSP landing force support party 

LfV Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz (regional authority for 

constitutional protection) 

LG deputy chief of staff for logistics 

LGB laser-guided bomb 

LGM laser-guided missile; loop group multiplexer 

LGM-30 Minuteman

LGW laser-guided weapon 

LHA amphibious assault ship (general purpose) 

LHD amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) 

LHT line-haul tractor 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-103

LIDAR light detection and ranging 

LIF light interference filter

LIMDIS limited distribution 

LIMFAC limiting factor 

LIPS Logistics Information Processing System

LIS logistics information system

LIWA land information warfare activity

LJDAM laser-guided joint direct attack munition

LKG loop key generator 

LKP last known position 

LL lessons learned 

LLLGB low-level laser-guided bomb 

LLLTV low-light level television 

LLSO low-level source operation 

LLTR low-level transit route 

LM loop modem 

LMARS Logistics Metrics Analysis Reporting System

LMAV laser MAVERICK 

LMF language media format 

LMSR large, medium-speed roll-on/roll-off 

LN lead nation; local national

LNA low voice amplifier 

LNI Library of National Intelligence

LNO liaison officer 

LO low observable

LOA Lead Operational Authority; letter of assist; letter of 

authorization; letter of offer and acceptance; 

lodgment operational area; logistics over-the-shore 

operation area

LOAC law of armed conflict 

LOAL lock-on after launch 

LOBL lock-on before launch 

LOC line of communications; logistics operations center 

LOC ACC location accuracy 

LOCAP low combat air patrol

LOCE Linked Operational Intelligence Centers Europe; Linked 

Operations-Intelligence Centers Europe

LOD line of departure

LOE letter of evaluation; line of effort

LOG logistics 

LOGAIR logistics aircraft

LOGAIS logistics automated information system 

LOGCAP logistics civil augmentation program (Army)

LOGCAT logistics capability assessment tool

LOGDET logistics detail

LOGEX logistics exercise 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-104 JP 1-02

LOGFAC Logistics Feasibility Assessment Capability

LOGFOR logistics force packaging system

LOGMARS logistics applications of automated marking and reading 

symbols 

LOGMOD logistics module

LOGPLAN logistics planning system

LOGSAFE logistic sustainment analysis and feasibility estimator 

LOI letter of instruction; loss of input

LO/LO lift-on/lift-off 

LOMEZ low-altitude missile engagement zone 

LONG longitude 

LOO line of operation 

LOP line of position 

LORAN long-range aid to navigation 

LO/RO lift-on/roll-off 

LOROP long range oblique photography 

LOS line of sight

LOTS logistics over-the-shore

LOX liquid oxygen 

LP listening post 

LPD amphibious transport dock; low probability of detection 

LPH amphibious assault ship, landing platform helicopter 

LPI low probability of intercept

LPSB logistics procurement support board

LPU line printer unit 

LPV laser-protective visor 

LRC logistics readiness center

LRD laser range finder-detector 

LRF laser range finder 

LRF/D laser range finder/detector

LRG long-range aircraft 

LRM low rate multiplexer 

LRN Laboratory Response Network (DHHS)

LRO lighterage repair officer

LRP load and roll pallet 

LRRP long range reconnaissance patrol 

LRS launch and recovery site 

LRST long-range surveillance team 

LRSU long-range surveillance unit 

LRT logistics response time

LSA logistic support analysis; logistics supportability analysis 

LSB landing support battalion; lower sideband

LSC lead Service for contracting

LSCC lead Service for contracting coordination

LSCDM low speed cable driver modem 

LSD dock landing ship; least significant digit
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-105

LSE landing signalman enlisted; logistic support element

LSO landing safety officer; landing signals officer

LSPR low speed pulse restorer 

LSS laser spot search; local sensor subsystem; logistics 

support system

LST laser spot tracker; tank landing ship

LSU logistics civil augmentation program support unit

LSV logistics support vessel 

LT large tug; local terminal; long ton

L/T long ton

LTD laser target designator 

LTD/R laser target designator/ranger 

LTF logistics task force

LTG local timing generator 

LTIOV latest time information is of value

LTL laser-to-target line

LTON long ton

LTS low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night 

(LANTIRN) targeting system

LTT loss to theater 

LTU line termination unit 

LUT local user terminal 

LVS Logistics Vehicle System (USMC) 

LW leeway 

LWR Lutheran World Relief 

LZ landing zone

LZCO landing zone control officer
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-106 JP 1-02

M

M million

M&E monitoring and evaluation

M&S modeling and simulation 

M88A1 recovery vehicle

MA medical attendant; military action; 

mortuary affairs

mA milliampere(s)

MAAG military assistance advisory group 

MAAP master air attack plan

MAC mobility assault company; Mortuary Affairs Center

MACB multinational acquisition and contracting board 

MACCS Marine air command and control system

MACG Marine air control group

MACOM major command (Army)

MACP mortuary affairs collection point

MACRMS mortuary affairs contaminated remains mitigation site

MACS Marine air control squadron

MACSAT multiple access commercial satellite 

MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst (military protection service); 

military air distress 

MADCP mortuary affairs decontamination collection point 

MADS military information support operations automated 

data system 

MAEB mean area of effectiveness for blast

MAEF mean area of effectiveness for fragments

MAF mobility air forces

MAFC Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) all-source fusion 

center

MAG Marine aircraft group; maritime assessment group;

military assignment group

MAGTF Marine air-ground task force

MAGTF ACE Marine air-ground task force aviation combat element 

MAJCOM major command (USAF) 

MANFOR manpower force packaging system

MANPADS man-portable air defense system

MANPER manpower and personnel module

MAOC-N Maritime Analysis and Operations Center-Narcotics

MAP Military Assistance Program; missed approach point; 

missed approach procedure 

MAR METOC assistance request

MARAD Maritime Administration 

MARAD RRF Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force

MARCORLOGCOM Marine Corps Logistics Command

MARCORMATCOM Marine Corps Materiel Command
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-107

MARCORSYSCOM Marine Corps Systems Command

MARDIV Marine division 

MARFOR Marine Corps forces 

MARFOREUR Marine Corps Forces, Europe

MARFORLANT Marine Corps Forces, Atlantic 

MARFORNORTH Marine Corps Forces, North 

MARFORPAC Marine Corps Forces, Pacific 

MARFORSOUTH Marine Corps Forces, South 

MARFORSTRAT United States Marine Corps Forces, United States 

Strategic Command

MARINCEN Maritime Intelligence Center 

Marine TACC Marine Corps tactical air command center

MARLE Marine liaison element

MARLO Marine liaison officer 

MARO mass atrocity response operations

MAROP marine operators 

MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution 

from Ships

MARS Military Auxiliary Radio System 

MARSA military assumes responsibility for separation of aircraft

MARSOC United States Marine Corps Forces, Special Operations 

Command

MARSOF Marine Corps special operations forces

MART mobile Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) remote 

terminal 

MARTS Mortuary Affairs Reporting and Tracking System

MAS maritime air support; military information support 

operations automated system 

MASCAL mass casualty 

MASF mobile aeromedical staging facility 

MASH mobile Army surgical hospital 

MASINT measurement and signature intelligence 

MASLO measurement and signature intelligence liaison officer

MAST military assistance to safety and traffic; mobile ashore 

support terminal

MAT medical analysis tool

MATCALS Marine air traffic control and landing system

MATCS Marine air traffic control squadron

M/ATMP Missiles/Air Target Materials Program 

MAW Marine aircraft wing

MAX maximum 

MAXORD maximum ordinate 

MB medium boat; megabyte; military information support 

operations battalion

MBBLs thousands of barrels 

MBCDM medical biological chemical defense materiel 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-108 JP 1-02

MBI major budget issue 

Mbps megabytes per second 

Mbs megabits per second 

MC Military Committee (NATO); military community; 

mission-critical

MC-130 Combat Talon (I and II)

MC4EB Military Command, Control, Communications and

Computers Executive Board

MCA mail control activity; maximum calling area; military 

civic action; mission concept approval; movement 

control agency 

MCAG maritime civil affairs group

MCAP maximum calling area precedence 

MCAS Marine Corps air station

MCAST maritime civil affairs and security training

MCAT maritime civil affairs team

MCB movement control battalion 

MCBAT medical chemical biological advisory team

MCC Marine component commander; maritime component 

commander; master control center; military cooperation 

committee; military coordinating committee; military 

counterintelligence collections; mission control center; 

mobility control center; movement control center

MCCC mobile consolidated command center 

MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Command 

MCCISWG military command, control, and information systems 

working group

MCD medical crew director

MCDA military and civil defense assets (UN) 

MCDP Marine Corps doctrine publication

MCDS modular cargo delivery system

MCEB Military Communications-Electronics Board 

MCEWG Military Communications-Electronics Working Group 

MC/FI mass casualty/fatality incident 

MCI multinational communications integration

MCIA Marine Corps Intelligence Activity 

MCIO military criminal investigative organization

MCIOC Marine Corps Information Operations Center

MCIP Marine Corps interim publication; military 

command inspection program; military customs 

inspection program

MCJSB Military Committee Joint Standardization Board

MCM maneuver control measure; Manual for Courts-Martial; 

military classification manual; mine countermeasures

MCMC mine countermeasures commander

MCMG Military Committee Meteorological Group (NATO)
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-109

MCMO medical civil-military operations 

MCMOPS mine countermeasures operations 

M/CM/S mobility, countermobility, and/or survivability

MCMREP mine countermeasure report

MCMRON mine countermeasures squadron

MCO major combat operation; Mapping Customer Operations

(Defense Logistics Agency); Marine Corps order 

MCOO modified combined obstacle overlay

MCRP Marine Corps reference publication 

MCS maneuver control system; Military Capabilities Study; mine 

countermeasures ship; modular causeway system 

MCSB Marine Cryptologic Support Battalion

MCSF mobile cryptologic support facility 

MCSFB Marine Corps security force battalion 

MCSFR Marine Corps security force regiment

MCT movement control team 

MCTC Midwest Counterdrug Training Center 

MCTFT Multijurisdictional Counterdrug Task Force Training

MCTOG Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group

MCU maintenance communications unit 

MCW modulated carrier wave 

MCWL Marine Corps Warfighting Lab

MCWP Marine Corps warfighting publication 

MCX Marine Corps Exchange

MDA Magen David Adom (Israeli equivalent of the Red 

Cross); maritime domain awareness; Missile Defense 

Agency

M-DARC military direct access radar channel 

MDBS blood support medical detachment

MDCI multidiscipline counterintelligence

MDCO Military Department counterintelligence organization

MDDOC Marine air-ground task force deployment and 

distribution operations center 

MDF Main Defense Forces (NATO); main distribution frame

MDITDS migration defense intelligence threat data system; 

Modernized Defense Intelligence Threat Data System 

MDM maritime defense measure

MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDR medium data rate 

MDRO mission disaster response officer

MDS Message Dissemination Subsystem; mission design series 

MDSS II Marine air-ground task force Deployment 

Support System II 

MDSU mobile diving and salvage unit 

MDU military information support operations distribution unit

MDW Military District of Washington 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-110 JP 1-02

MDZ maritime defense zone 

MEA munitions effect assessment; munitions effectiveness 

assessment

MEAS military information support operations effects analysis 

subsystem 

MEB maneuver enhancement brigade; Marine expeditionary 

brigade

MEBU mission essential backup 

MEC medium endurance cutter

ME/C medical examiner and/or coroner 

MED manipulative electronic deception 

MEDAL Mine Warfare Environmental Decision Aids Library

MEDCAP medical civic action program 

MEDCC medical coordination cell 

MEDCOM medical command; US Army Medical Command

MEDCOM (DS) medical command (deployment support) (Army)

MEDEVAC medical evacuation 

MEDINT medical intelligence 

MEDLOG medical logistics (USAF AIS) 

MEDLOGCO medical logistics company 

MEDLOG JR medical logistics, junior (USAF) 

MEDLOG support medical logistics support

MEDMOB Medical Mobilization Planning and Execution System 

MEDNEO medical noncombatant evacuation operation 

MEDREG medical regulating 

MEDREGREP medical regulating report 

MEDRETE medical readiness training exercise

MEDS meteorological data system

MEDSOM medical supply, optical, and maintenance unit 

MEDSTAT medical status 

MEF Marine expeditionary force

MEFPAKA manpower and equipment force packaging

MEJA Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act

MEL maintenance expenditure limit; minimum equipment list

MEO medium Earth orbit; military equal opportunity 

MEP mobile electric power 

MEPCOM military entrance processing command 

MEPES Medical Planning and Execution System 

MEPRS Military Entrance Processing and Reporting System 

MERCO merchant ship reporting and control

MERSHIPS merchant ships

MES medical equipment set 

MESAR minimum-essential security assistance requirements 

MESF maritime expeditionary security force

MESFC maritime expeditionary security force commander

MESO maritime expeditionary security operations
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-111

MET medium equipment transporter; mobile environmental team 

METAR meteorological airfield report; meteorological aviation report 

METARS routine aviation weather report (roughly translated from 

French; international standard code format for hourly 

surface weather observations) 

METCON control of meteorological information (roughly translated 

from French); meteorological control (Navy)

METL mission-essential task list 

METMF meteorological mobile facility

METMR(R) meteorological mobile facility (replacement)

METOC meteorological and oceanographic 

METSAT meteorological satellite 

METT-T mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available-time available 

METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

available-time available and civil considerations (Army) 

METWATCH meteorological watch

MEU Marine expeditionary unit

MEVA mission essential vulnerable area 

MEWSG Multi-Service Electronic Warfare Support Group (NATO) 

MEZ missile engagement zone 

MF medium frequency; mobile facility; multi-frequency 

MFC multinational force commander

MFDS Modular Fuel Delivery System 

MFE manpower force element; mobile field exchange

MFFIMS mass fatality field information management system

MFO multinational force and observers 

MFP major force program 

MFPC maritime future plans center 

MFPF minefield planning folder 

MFS multifunction switch 

MG military information support operations group

MGB medium girder bridge

MGM master group multiplexer 

MGRS military grid reference system

MGS mobile ground system 

MGT management

MGW maximum gross weight

MHC management headquarters ceiling 

MHD maritime homeland defense

MHE materials handling equipment 

MHS maritime homeland security; Military Health System

MHU modular heat unit 

MHW mean high water 

MHz megahertz 

MI military intelligence; movement instructions
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-112 JP 1-02

MIA missing in action

MIAC maritime intelligence and analysis center 

MIB Military Intelligence Board 

MIC Multinational Interoperability Council 

MICAP mission capable/mission capability 

MICON mission concept 

MICRO-MICS micro-medical inventory control system 

MICRO-SNAP micro-shipboard non-tactical automated data processing 

system 

MIDAS model for intertheater deployment by air and sea

MIDB modernized integrated database; modernized intelligence 

database 

MIDDS-T Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Integrated 

Data Display System-Tactical

MIF maritime interception force 

MIJI meaconing, interference, jamming, and intrusion 

MILAIR military airlift

MILALOC military air line of communications

MILCON military construction 

MILDEC military deception

MILDEP Military Department

MILGP military group (assigned to American Embassy in host 

nation) 

MILOB military observer 

MILOC military oceanography group (NATO)

MILPERS military personnel 

MILSATCOM military satellite communications 

MILSPEC military specification 

MILSTAMP military standard transportation and movement procedures 

MILSTAR military strategic and tactical relay system

MIL-STD military standard 

MILSTRAP military standard transaction reporting and accounting 

procedure

MILSTRIP military standard requisitioning and issue procedure 

MILTECH military technician

MILU multinational integrated logistic unit 

MILVAN military van (container) 

MIM maintenance instruction manual 

MIMP Mobilization Information Management Plan 

MINEOPS joint minelaying operations 

MIO maritime interception operations

MIOC maritime interception operations commander

MIO-9 information operations threat analysis division (DIA) 

MIP military intelligence program

MIPE mobile intelligence processing element 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-113

MIPOE medical intelligence preparation of the operational 

environment 

MIPR military interdepartmental purchase request

MIR multisensor imagery reconnaissance

MIRCS mobile integrated remains collection system

MIS maritime intelligence summary; military information support

MISAS military information support automated system

MISCAP mission capability 

MISG military information support group

MISO military information support operations

MISREP mission report

MIST military information support team 

MISTF military information support task force

MITAM mission tasking matrix

MITASK mission tasking 

MITO minimum interval takeoff

MITT mobile integrated tactical terminal 

MIUW mobile inshore undersea warfare 

MIW mine warfare

MIWC mine warfare commander

MIWG multinational interoperability working group

MJCS Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum

MJLC multinational joint logistic center 

M-Kill mobility kill

MLA mission load allowance

MLAYREP mine laying report

MLE maritime law enforcement 

MLEA Maritime Law Enforcement Academy

MLEM Maritime Law Enforcement Manual

MLG Marine logistics group

MLI munitions list item

MLMC medical logistics management center 

MLO military liaison office 

MLP message load plan 

MLPP multilevel precedence and preemption 

MLPS Medical Logistics Proponent Subcommittee 

MLRS multiple launch rocket system 

MLS microwave landing system; multilevel security

MLSA mutual logistics support agreement

MLW mean low water 

MMA military mission area

MMAC military mine action center 

MMC materiel management center 

MMG Department of Defense Master Mobilization Guide 

MMI man/machine interface 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-114 JP 1-02

MMIS military information support operations management 

information subsystem 

MMLS mobile microwave landing system 

MMS mast-mounted sight

MMT military mail terminal 

MNC multinational corporation

MNCC multinational coordination center

MNF multinational force 

MNFACC multinational force air component commander 

MNFC multinational force commander

MNFLCC multinational force land component commander 

MNFMCC multinational force maritime component commander 

MNFSOCC multinational force special operations component commander

MNJLC multinational joint logistics component

MNL master net list; multinational logistics 

MNLC multinational logistic center 

MNP master navigation plan 

MNS mine neutralization system (USN); mission needs 

statement

MNTF multinational task force 

MO month 

MOA memorandum of agreement; military operating area

MOADS maneuver-oriented ammunition distribution system

MOB main operating base; mobilization 

MOBCON mobilization control

MOBREP military manpower mobilization and accession status 

report; mobilization report

MOC maritime operations center; media operations center

MOCC measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) 

operations coordination center; mobile operations 

control center 

MOD Minister of Defense; ministry of defense; 

modification

MODEM modulator/demodulator

MODLOC miscellaneous operational details, local operations 

MOD T-AGOS modified tactical auxiliary general ocean surveillance 

MOE measure of effectiveness 

MOEI measure of effectiveness indicator

MOG maximum (aircraft) on ground; movement on ground 

(aircraft); multinational observer group

MOGAS motor gasoline 

MOLE multichannel operational line evaluator 

MOMAT mobility matting 

MOMSS mode and message selection system 

MOP measure of performance; memorandum of policy

MOPP mission-oriented protective posture 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-115

MOR memorandum of record 

MOS military occupational specialty

MOSC meteorological and oceanographic operations support 

community

MOTR maritime operational threat response 

MOU memorandum of understanding 

MOUT military operations in urban terrain; military 

operations on urbanized terrain

MOVREP movement report 

MOW maintenance orderwire 

MP military police (Army and Marine); multinational publication

MPA maritime patrol aircraft; mission and payload assessment; 

mission planning agent

MPAT military patient administration team; Multinational Planning 

Augmentation Team 

MPC mid-planning conference; military personnel center

MPE/S maritime pre-positioning equipment and supplies

MPF maritime pre-positioning force 

MPFUB maritime pre-positioning force utility boat

MPG maritime planning group; mensurated point graphic 

mph miles per hour

MPICE measuring progress in conflict environments

MPLAN Marine Corps Mobilization Management Plan 

MPM medical planning module 

MPNTP Master Positioning Navigation and Timing Plan

MPO military post office

MPP maritime procedural publication

MPR maritime patrol and reconnaissance

MPRS multipoint refueling system

MPS maritime pre-positioning ship; message processor shelter; 

Military Planning Service (UN); Military Postal 

Service 

MPSRON maritime pre-positioning ships squadron

MR milliradian; mobile reserve 

MRAALS Marine remote area approach and landing system 

MRAT medical radiobiology advisory team

MRBM medium-range ballistic missile

MRCI maximum rescue coverage intercept 

MRE meal, ready to eat 

MRG movement requirements generator 

MRI magnetic resonance imaging 

MRMC US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command

MRO mass rescue operation; materiel release order; medical 

regulating office; medical regulating officer 

MROC multicommand required operational capability 

MRR minimum-risk route 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-116 JP 1-02

MRRR mobility requirement resource roster

MRS measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) 

requirements system; meteorological radar subsystem; 

movement report system 

MRSA Materiel Readiness Support Agency 

MRT maintenance recovery team

MRU mountain rescue unit 

MRX mission readiness exercise

MS message switch; Microsoft 

ms millisecond 

MSA Maritime Security Act

MSC major subordinate command; maritime support center; 

Military Sealift Command; military staff committee; 

mission support confirmation 

MSCA military support to civilian authorities 

MSCD military support to civil defense 

MSCO Military Sealift Command Office 

MSD marginal support date; mobile security division 

MS-DOS Microsoft disk operating system

MSE mission support element; mobile subscriber equipment 

MSECR HIS 6000 security module 

MSEL master scenario events list 

MSF Medicins Sans Frontieres (“Doctors Without Borders”); 

mission support force; mobile security force; multiplex 

signal format 

MSG Marine security guard; message

MSGID message identification 

MSHARPP mission, symbolism, history, accessibility, recognizability, 

population, and proximity

MSI modified surface index; multispectral imagery

MSIC Missile and Space Intelligence Center 

MSIS Marine safety information system 

MSK mission support kit

MSL master station log; mean sea level; military shipping label

MSNAP merchant ship naval augmentation program 

MSO map support office; marine safety office(r); maritime 

security operations; military satellite communications 

(MILSATCOM) systems organization; military source 

operation; military strategic objective; military support 

operations

MSOAG Marine special operations advisor group

MSOC Marine special operations company

MSOR Marine Special Operations Regiment

MSP maritime security program; mission support plan; 

mobile sensor platform

MSPA Missing Service Personnel Act
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-117

MSPES mobilization stationing, planning, and execution system 

MSPS military information support operations studies program 

subsystem; mobilization stationing and planning system

MSR main supply route; maritime support request; 

mission support request 

MSRON maritime expeditionary security squadron

MSRP mission strategic resource plan

MSRR modeling and simulation resource repository 

MSRT Maritime Security Response Team (USCG)

MSRV message switch rekeying variable 

MSS medical surveillance system; meteorological satellite 

subsystem

MSSG Marine expeditionary unit (MEU) service support group 

MST Marine expeditionary force (MEF) weather support team; 

meteorological and oceanographic support team; 

mission support team

MT military technician; ministry team 

MTA military training agreement

MTAC Multiple Threat Alert Center (DON)

MTBF mean time between failures 

MT Bn motor transport battalion 

MTCR Missile Technology Control Regime

MT/D measurement tons per day 

mtDNA mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid

MTF medical treatment facility; message text format; 

military information support operations task force 

MTG master timing generator; military information support 

operations task group

MTI moving target indicator 

MTIC Military Targeting Intelligence Committee 

MTL mission tasking letter 

MTMS maritime tactical message system

MTN multi-tactical data link network

MTO message to observer; mission type order 

MTOE modified table of organization and equipment 

MTON measurement ton

MTP Marine tactical publication; maritime task plan; mission 

tasking packet 

MTS Marine tactical system; Movement Tracking System

MTS/SOF-IRIS multifunction system 

MTT magnetic tape transport

MTTP multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures

MTW major theater war 

MTX message text format 

MU marry up 

MUL master urgency list (DOD)
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-118 JP 1-02

MULE modular universal laser equipment 

MUOS Mobile Users Object System

MUREP munitions report 

MUSARC major United States Army reserve commands 

MUSE mobile utilities support equipment 

MUST medical unit, self-contained, transportable

MUX multiplex 

MV merchant vessel; motor vessel 

mV millivolt 

MWBP missile warning bypass 

MWC Missile Warning Center (NORAD)

MWD military working dog 

MWDT military working dog team 

MWF medical working file 

MWG mobilization working group

MWOD multiple word-of-day 

MWR missile warning receiver; morale, welfare, and recreation

MWSG Marine wing support group

MWSS Marine wing support squadron 

MWT modular warping tug
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-119

N

N number of required track spacings; number of search and 

rescue units (SRUs) 

N-1 Navy component manpower or personnel staff officer 

N-2 Director of Naval Intelligence; Navy component intelligence 

staff officer 

N-3 Navy component operations staff officer 

N-4 Navy component logistics staff officer

N-5 Navy component plans staff officer 

N-6 Navy component communications staff officer 

NA nation assistance

NA5CRO non-Article 5 crisis response operation (NATO)

NAAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Army 

Armaments Group 

NAC North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

Air Center; North Atlantic Council (NATO) 

NACE National Military Command System (NMCS) Automated 

Control Executive 

NACISA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

Communications and Information Systems Agency 

NACISC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

Communications and Information Systems Committee 

NACSEM National Communications Security/Emanations Security 

(COMSEC/EMSEC) Information Memorandum 

NACSI national communications security (COMSEC) instruction 

NACSIM national communications security (COMSEC) 

information memorandum 

NAD 83 North American Datum 1983

NADEFCOL North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defense 

College 

NADEP naval aircraft depot 

NAE Navy acquisition executive

NAEC-ENG Naval Air Engineering Center - Engineering 

NAF naval air facility; nonappropriated funds; numbered air 

force

NAFAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Air Force 

Armaments Group 

NAI named area of interest 

NAIC National Air Intelligence Center 

NAK negative acknowledgement 

NALC Navy ammunition logistics code

NALE naval and amphibious liaison element 

NALSS naval advanced logistic support site 

NAMP North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Annual 

Manpower Plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-120 JP 1-02

NAMS National Air Mobility System 

NAMTO Navy material transportation office 

NAOC national airborne operations center (E-4B aircraft)

NAPCAP North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allied 

Pre-Committed Civil Aircraft Program 

NAPMA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Airborne 

Early Warning and Control Program Management 

Agency 

NAPMIS Navy Preventive Medicine Information System 

NAR nonconventional assisted recovery; notice of ammunition 

reclassification 

NARAC national atmospheric release advisory capability;

National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (DOE)

NARC non-automatic relay center 

NARP Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures

NAS naval air station 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NASAR National Association for Search and Rescue 

NAS computer national airspace system computer 

NASIC National Air and Space Intelligence Center 

NAT nonair-transportable (cargo) 

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

NATOPS Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures 

Standardization 

NAU Narcotics Assistance Unit 

NAVAID navigation aid 

NAVAIDS navigational aids 

NAVAIR naval air; Naval Air Systems Command 

NAVAIRSYSCOM Naval Air Systems Command (Also called NAVAIR) 

NAVATAC Navy Antiterrorism Analysis Center; Navy Antiterrorist 

Alert Center 

NAVCHAPDET naval cargo handling and port group detachment 

NAVCHAPGRU Navy cargo handling and port group 

NAVCOMSTA naval communications station

NAVCYBERFOR Navy Cyber Forces

NAVELSG Navy expeditionary logistic support group

NAVEODTECHDIV Naval Explosives Ordnance Disposal Technology 

Division

NAVEURMETOCCEN Naval Europe Meteorology and Oceanography Center

NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command 

NAVFACENGCOM Navy Facilities Engineering Command 

NAVFAC-X Naval Facilities Engineering Command-expeditionary 

NAVFAX Navy facsimile

NAVFOR Navy forces 

NAVICECEN Naval Ice Center

NAVLANTMETOCCEN Naval Atlantic Meteorology and Oceanography Center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-121

NAVMAG naval magazine 

NAVMED Navy Medical; Navy medicine 

NAVMEDCOMINST Navy medical command instruction 

NAVMEDLOGCOM Navy Medical Logistics Command 

NAVMEDP Navy medical pamphlet 

NAVMETOCCOM Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command

NAVMTO naval military transportation office; Navy Material 

Transportation Office 

NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office

NAVORD naval ordnance 

NAVORDSTA naval ordnance station 

NAVPACMETOCCEN Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center

NAVSAFECEN naval safety center 

NAVSAT navigation satellite 

NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command

NAVSEAINST Naval Sea Systems Command instruction

NAVSEALOGCEN naval sea logistics center

NAVSEASYSCOM Naval Sea Systems Command 

NAVSO United States Navy Forces, Southern Command 

NAVSOC Naval Satellite Operations Center; naval special 

operations command

NAVSOF Navy special operations forces

NAVSPACECOM Naval Space Command 

NAVSPECWARCOM Naval Special Warfare Command 

NAVSPOC Naval Space Operations Center 

NAVSUP Naval Supply Systems Command 

NAVSUPINST Navy Support Instruction 

NAVSUPSYSCOM Naval Supply Systems Command

NAVWAR navigation warfare

NAWCAD Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division 

Navy TACC Navy tactical air control center

NB narrowband 

NBC nuclear, biological, and chemical 

NBCCS nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) contamination 

survivability 

NBDP narrow band direct printing 

NBG naval beach group 

NBI nonbattle injury 

NBS National Bureau of Standards 

NBST narrowband secure terminal 

NBVC Naval Base Ventura County

NC3A nuclear command, control, and communications (C3) 

assessment

NCAA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Civil Airlift 

Agency 

NCAGS naval cooperation and guidance for shipping 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-122 JP 1-02

NCAPS naval coordination and protection of shipping 

NCB national central bureau; naval construction brigade; 

noncompliant boarding

NCC National Coordinating Center; naval component 

commander; Navy component command; Navy 

component commander; network control center; North 

American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

Command Center 

NCCS Nuclear Command and Control System 

NCD net control device 

NCDC National Climatic Data Center 

NCES Net-Centric Enterprise Services

NCESGR National Committee of Employer Support for the Guard 

and Reserve 

NCF naval construction force

NCFSU naval construction force support unit

NCHB Navy cargo-handling battalion

NCIC National Crime Information Center 

NCIJTF-AG National Cyber Investigative Joint Task Force-Analytical 

Group (DOD)

NCIS Naval Criminal Investigative Service 

NCISRA Naval Criminal Investigative Service resident agent 

NCISRO Naval Criminal Investigative Service regional office 

NCISRU Naval Criminal Investigative Service resident unit 

NCIX National Counterintelligence Executive 

NCMI National Center for Medical Intelligence

NCMP Navy Capabilities and Mobilization Plan 

NCO noncombat operations; noncommissioned officer

NCOB National Counterintelligence Operations Board 

NCOIC noncommissioned officer in charge

NCOS naval control of shipping 

NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution 

Contingency Plan 

NCPC National Counterproliferation Center

NCR National Capital Region (US); national cryptologic 

representative; National Security Agency/Central 

Security Service representative; naval construction 

regiment 

NCRCC National Capital Region Coordination Center; United

States Northern Command Rescue Coordination Center

NCRCG National Cyber Response Coordination Group

NCRDEF national cryptologic representative defense 

NCR-IADS National Capital Region-Integrated Air Defense System 

NCS National Clandestine Service; National Communications 

System; naval control of shipping; net control station

NCSC National Computer Security Center 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-123

NCSD National Cyber Security Division (DHS)

NCSE national intelligence support team (NIST) communications 

support element 

NCT network control terminal 

NCTAMS naval computer and telecommunications area master 

station

NCTC National Counterterrorism Center; North East Counterdrug 

Training Center

NCTS naval computer and telecommunications station

NCWS naval coastal warfare squadron 

NDAA national defense authorization act 

NDAF Navy, Defense Logistics Agency, Air Force 

NDB nondirectional beacon 

NDCS national drug control strategy 

NDDOC North American Aerospace Defense Command and 

United States Northern Command Deployment and 

Distribution Operations Cell

NDHQ National Defence Headquarters, Canada 

NDIC National Defense Intelligence College; National Drug 

Intelligence Center

NDL national desired ground zero list

NDMC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defense 

Manpower Committee 

NDMS National Disaster Medical System (DHHS)

NDOC National Defense Operations Center 

NDP national disclosure policy 

NDPB National Drug Policy Board 

NDPC National Disclosure Policy Committee 

NDRC National Detainee Reporting Center

NDRF National Defense Reserve Fleet 

NDS national defense strategy

NDSF National Defense Sealift Fund 

NDT nuclear disablement team

NDU National Defense University 

NEA Northeast Asia 

NEAT naval embarked advisory team 

NEC National Economic Council

NECC Navy Expeditionary Combat Command

NEIC Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command

NELR Navy expeditionary logistics regiment

NEMT National Emergency Management Team 

NEO noncombatant evacuation operation

NEOCC noncombatant evacuation operation coordination center 

NEP National Exercise Program

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NEREP Nuclear Execution and Reporting Plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-124 JP 1-02

NES National Exploitation System

NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information 

Service (DOC) 

NEST nuclear emergency support team (DOE)

NETS Nationwide Emergency Telecommunications System 

NETT new equipment training team 

NETWARCOM Naval Network Warfare Command

NEW net explosive weight

NEWAC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Electronic 

Warfare Advisory Committee 

NEWCS NATO electronic warfare core staff 

NEXCOM Navy Exchange Command

NFA no-fire area 

NFC numbered fleet commander

NFD nodal fault diagnostics 

NFELC Naval Facilities Expeditionary Logistics Center 

NFESC Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center

NFI national foreign intelligence

NFIB National Foreign Intelligence Board

NFIP National Flood Insurance Program (FEMA); National 

Foreign Intelligence Program

NFLIR navigation forward-looking infrared

NFLS naval forward logistic site

NFN national file number

NFO naval flight officer 

NG National Guard 

NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 

NGB National Guard Bureau 

NGB-OC National Guard Bureau-Office of the Chaplain

NGCC National Guard coordination center

NGCDP National Guard Counterdrug Program

NGCSP National Guard Counterdrug Support Program

NGF naval gun fire

NGFS naval gunfire support 

NGIC National Ground Intelligence Center 

NG JFHQ-State National Guard joint force headquarters-state

NGLO naval gunfire liaison officer 

NGO nongovernmental organization

NGP National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Program 

NGRF National Guard reaction force 

NI national identification (number); noted item 

NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System

NIC National Intelligence Council; naval intelligence center

NICC National Intelligence Coordination Center

NICCL National Incident Communications Conference Line

NICCP National Interdiction Command and Control Plan
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-125

NICI National Interagency Counternarcotics Institute 

NID naval intelligence database

NIDMS National Military Command System (NMCS) Information 

for Decision Makers System 

NIDS National Military Command Center (NMCC) information 

display system 

NIE national intelligence estimate

NIEX no-notice interoperability exercise 

NIEXPG No-Notice Interoperability Exercise Planning Group

NIH National Institutes of Health (DHHS)

NIIB National Geospatial Intelligence Agency imagery 

intelligence brief 

NIL National Information Library 

NIMCAMP National Information Management and Communications 

Master Plan 

NIMS National Incident Management System 

NIOC Navy Information Operations Command

NIP National Intelligence Program 

NIPF National Intelligence Priority Framework

NIPRNET Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network 

NIPS Naval Intelligence Processing System

NIRT Nuclear Incident Response Team 

NISH noncombatant evacuation operation (NEO) intelligence 

support handbook 

NISP national intelligence support plan; Nuclear Weapons 

Intelligence Support Plan 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

NIT nuclear incident team

NITES Navy Integrated Tactical Environmental System

NITF national imagery transmission format 

NIU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) interface unit 

NIWA naval information warfare activity

NJOIC National Joint Operations and Intelligence Center

NJTTF National Joint Terrorism Task Force

NL Navy lighterage 

NLO naval liaison officer

.NL. not less than 

NLT not later than 

NLW nonlethal weapon 

NM network management

nm nautical mile

NMAWC Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command

NMB North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military 

body 

NMC Navy Munitions Command

NMCB naval mobile construction battalion
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-126 JP 1-02

NMCC National Military Command Center 

NMCS National Military Command System; not mission 

capable, supply

NMCSO Navy and Marine Corps spectrum office

NMD national missile defense

NMEC National Media Exploitation Center 

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Services

NMIC National Maritime Intelligence Center 

NMIO National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office

NMIST National Military Intelligence Support Team (DIA) 

NMO National Measurement and Signature Intelligence Office

NMOC network management operations center 

NMOSW Naval METOC Operational Support Web

NMP national media pool 

NMPS Navy mobilization processing site

NMR news media representative 

NMRC Naval Medical Research Center

NMS national military strategy

NMSA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual 

Support Act 

NMSC Navy and Marine Corps Spectrum Center

NMS-CO National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations 

NMS-CWMD National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass 

Destruction

NMSP-WOT National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism 

NNAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Naval 

Armaments Group 

NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE)

NNWC Naval Network Warfare Command

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NOACT Navy overseas air cargo terminal 

NOC National Operations Center (DHS); network operations 

center

NOCONTRACT not releasable to contractors or consultants

NODDS Naval Oceanographic Data Distribution System

NOE nap-of-the-earth 

NOEA nuclear operations emergency action

NOFORN not releasable to foreign nationals 

NOG Nuclear Operations Group 

NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System

NOHD nominal ocular hazard distance

NOIC Naval Operational Intelligence Center 

NOK next of kin 

NOLSC Naval Operational Logistics Support Center

NOMS Nuclear Operations Monitoring System 

NOMWC Navy Oceanographic Mine Warfare Center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-127

NOP nuclear operations 

NOPLAN no operation plan available or prepared 

NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command 

NORM normal; not operationally ready, maintenance 

NORS not operationally ready, supply 

NOSC network operations and security center

NOSSA Navy Ordnance Safety and Security Activity

NOTAM notice to airmen

NOTMAR notice to mariners 

NP nonproliferation 

NPC Nonproliferation Center 

NPES Nuclear Planning and Execution System 

NPG nonunit personnel generator 

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental 

Satellite System

NPPD National Protection and Programs Directorate (DHS)

NPS National Park Service; nonprior service; 

Nuclear Planning System 

NPT national pipe thread; Treaty on the Nonproliferation of 

Nuclear Weapons

NPWIC National Prisoner of War Information Center 

NQ nonquota 

NR North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) restricted; 

number

NRAT nuclear/radiological advisory team

NRC National Response Center (USCG); non-unit-related cargo 

NRCHB Naval Reserve cargo-handling battalion 

NRCHF Naval Reserve cargo handling force 

NRCHTB Naval Reserve cargo handling training battalion 

NRF National Response Framework

NRFI not ready for issue 

NRG notional requirements generator

NRL nuclear weapons (NUWEP) reconnaissance list 

NRO National Reconnaissance Office 

NROC Northern Regional Operations Center (CARIBROC-CBRN) 

NRP National Response Plan; non-unit-related personnel 

NRPC Naval Reserve Personnel Center 

NRT near real time

NRTD near-real-time dissemination 

NRZ non-return-to-zero 

NS nuclear survivability 

NSA national security act; National Security Agency; national 

security area; national shipping authority; North Atlantic 

Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agency 

NSABB National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NIH)

NSA/CSS National Security Agency/Central Security Service 

NSARC National Search and Rescue Committee
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-128 JP 1-02

NSAT United States Northern Command situational awareness 

team

NSAWC Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center 

NSC National Security Council 

NSC/DC National Security Council/Deputies Committee

NSCID National Security Council intelligence directive 

NSC/IPC National Security Council/interagency policy committee

NSC/IWG National Security Council/Interagency Working Group

NSC/PC National Security Council/Principals Committee 

NSC/PCC National Security Council Policy Coordinating Committee 

NSCS National Security Council System 

NSCTI Naval Special Clearance Team One

NS-CWMD National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction

NSD National Security Directive; National Security Division (FBI) 

NSDA non-self deployment aircraft

NSDD national security decision directive

NSDM national security decision memorandum 

NSDS-E Navy Satellite Display System-Enhanced

NSE Navy support element 

NSEP national security emergency preparedness 

NS/EP national security and emergency preparedness

NSF National Science Foundation; national security forces;

National Strike Force (USCG)

NSFS naval surface fire support 

NSG National System for Geospatial Intelligence; 

north-seeking gyro 

NSGI National System for Geospatial Intelligence 

NSHS National Strategy for Homeland Security 

NSL no-strike list

NSM national search and rescue (SAR) manual 

NSMS National Strategy for Maritime Security 

NSN national stock number

NSO non-Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) option 

NSOC National Security Operations Center; National Signals 

Intelligence (SIGINT) Operations Center; 

Navy Satellite Operations Center 

NSOOC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Staff Officer 

Orientation Course

NSP national search and rescue plan

N-Sp/CC North American Aerospace Defense Command 

(NORAD)-US Space Command/Command Center 

NSPD national security Presidential directive 

NSPI National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza

NSRL national signals intelligence (SIGINT) requirements list 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-129

NSS National Search and Rescue Supplement; national 

security strategy; national security system; 

non-self-sustaining

NSSA National Security Space Architect

NSSE national special security event 

NSST naval space support team

NST National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support team 

NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee 

NSTISSC National Security Telecommunications and Information 

Systems Security Committee 

NSTL national strategic targets list 

NSTS National Secure Telephone System 

NSW naval special warfare 

NSWCDD Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division

NSWCOM Naval Special Warfare Command 

NSWG naval special warfare group 

NSWTF naval special warfare task force

NSWTG naval special warfare task group 

NSWTU naval special warfare task unit 

NT nodal terminal 

NTA nontraditional agent

NTACS Navy tactical air control system 

NTAP National Track Analysis Program 

NTB national target base 

NTBC National Military Joint Intelligence Center Targeting and 

Battle Damage Assessment Cell 

NTC National Training Center 

NTCS-A Navy Tactical Command System-Afloat

NTDS naval tactical data system 

NTF nuclear task force 

N-TFS New Tactical Forecast System

NTIA National Telecommunications and Information 

Administration

NTIC Navy Tactical Intelligence Center 

NTISS National Telecommunications and Information Security 

System 

NTISSI National Telecommunications and Information Security 

System (NTISS) Instruction 

NTISSP National Telecommunications and Information Security 

System (NTISS) Policy 

NTM national or multinational technical means of verification; 

notice to mariners

NTMPDE National Telecommunications Master Plan for Drug 

Enforcement 

NTMS national telecommunications management structure 

NTPS near-term pre-positioned ships
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-130 JP 1-02

NTRP Navy tactical reference publication

NTS night targeting system; noncombatant evacuation operations

tracking system 

NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

NTSS National Time-Sensitive System 

NTTP Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures

NTU new threat upgrade 

NUC non-unit-related cargo; nuclear 

NUDET nuclear detonation 

NUFEA Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft 

NUP non-unit-related personnel 

NURP non-unit-related personnel

NUWEP policy guidance for the employment of nuclear weapons 

NVD night vision device 

NVDT National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency voluntary 

deployment team 

NVG night vision goggle

NVS night vision system

NW network warfare; not waiverable

NWARS National Wargaming System

NWB normal wideband 

NWBLTU normal wideband line termination unit 

NWDC Navy Warfare Development Command

NWFP Northwest Frontier Province (Pakistan) 

NWP Navy warfare publication; numerical weather prediction

NWREP nuclear weapons report 

NWS National Weather Service 

NWT normal wideband terminal 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-131

O

1MC general announcing system

1NCD 1st Naval Construction Division 

O contour pattern 

O&I operations and intelligence 

O&M operation and maintenance 

OA objective area; operating assembly; operational area; 

Operations Aerology shipboard METOC division 

OADR originating agency’s determination required 

OAE operational area evaluation 

OAF Operation ALLIED FORCE 

OAFME Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner 

OAG operations advisory group

OAI oceanographic area of interest

OAJCG Operation Alliance joint control group

OAM Office of Air and Marine (DHS)

OAP offset aimpoint 

OAR Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff operation plans 

assessment report 

OAS offensive air support; Organization of American States 

OASD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense 

OASD(NII/CIO) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks

and Information Integration/Chief Information Officer)

OASD(PA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) 

OASD(RA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)

OAU Organization of African Unity 

O/B outboard 

OB operating base; order of battle 

OBA Office of Biotechnology Activities (NIH); 

oxygen breathing apparatus 

OBFS offshore bulk fuel system 

OBST obstacle

OBSTINT obstacle intelligence 

OC oleoresin capsicum; operations center

OCA offensive counterair; operational control authority 

OCBD Office of Capacity Building and Development (USDA)

OCC Operations Computer Center (USCG)

OCD orderwire clock distributor 

OCDETF Organized Crime and Drug Enforcement Task Force

OCE officer conducting the exercise 

OCEANCON control of oceanographic information 

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 

OCIE organizational clothing and individual equipment

OCJCS Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-132 JP 1-02

OCJCS-PA Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-Public 

Affairs 

OCMI officer in charge, Marine inspection

OCO offensive cyberspace operations; offload control officer 

OCONUS outside the continental United States 

OCOP outline contingency operation plan

OCP operational capability package; operational configuration 

processing 

OCR Office of Collateral Responsibility

OCS operational contract support

OCSIC operational contract support integration cell

OCU orderwire control unit (Types I, II, and III) 

OCU-1 orderwire control unit-1 

OD operational detachment; other detainee 

ODA operational detachment-Alpha 

ODATE organization date 

ODB operational detachment-Bravo 

ODC Office of Defense Cooperation 

ODCSLOG Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (Army) 

ODCSOPS Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and 

Plans (Army) 

ODCSPER Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (Army) 

ODIN Operational Digital Network 

ODJS Office of the Director, Joint Staff 

ODNI Office of the Director of National Intelligence

ODR Office of Defense representative

ODZ outer defense zone 

OE operational environment

OE&AS organization for embarkation and assignment to shipping

OEBGD Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document

OEC Office of Emergency Communications (DHS)

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEF Operation ENDURING FREEDOM 

OEG operational experts group; operational exposure guidance

operations security executive group

OEH occupational and environmental health 

OEM original equipment manufacturer 

OER officer evaluation report; operational electronic intelligence 

(ELINT) requirements 

OES office of emergency services 

OET Office of Emergency Transportation (DOT) 

OF officer (NATO) 

OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control (TREAS)

OFCO offensive counterintelligence operation 

OFDA Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID)

OFHIS operational fleet hospital information system 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-133

OFOESA Office of Field Operational and External Support Activities 

OFSC Organizational and Force Structure Construct

OGS overseas ground station 

OH overhead 

OHDACA Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid (DSCA)

OHDM Office of Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief, and 

Mine Action

OI Office of Intelligence (USCS); operating instruction; 

operational interest

OIA Office of International Affairs (TREAS)

OI&A Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS) 

OIC officer in charge 

OICC officer in charge of construction; operational intelligence 

coordination center 

OID operation order (OPORD) identification 

OIF Operation IRAQI FREEDOM

OIIL Office of Intelligence and Investigative Liaison (CBP)

OIR operational intelligence requirements; other intelligence 

requirements

OJT on-the-job training 

OL operating location 

OLD on-line tests and diagnostics 

OLS operational linescan system; optical landing system 

OM contour multiunit 

OMA Office of Military Affairs (CIA and USAID) 

OMB Office of Management and Budget; operations 

management branch

OMC Office of Military Cooperation; optical memory card 

OMF officer master file 

OMS Office of Mission Support 

OMSPH Office of Medicine, Science, and Public Health (DHHS)

OMT operations management team; orthogonal mode transducer 

OMT/OMTP operational maintenance test(ing)/test plan

ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy 

ONE Operation NOBLE EAGLE 

ONI Office of Naval Intelligence 

OOB order of battle 

OOD officer of the deck 

OODA observe, orient, decide, act

OOS out of service 

OP observation post; operational publication (USN); 

ordnance publication 

OPARS Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System

OPBAT Operation Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos 

OPC Ocean Prediction Center (DOC)

OPCEN operations center (USCG)
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-134 JP 1-02

OPCOM operational command (NATO) 

OPCON operational control 

OPDAT Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, 

Assistance, and Training (DOJ)

OPDEC operational deception 

OPDS offshore petroleum discharge system (USN)

OPDS-Future offshore petroleum discharge system-future (USN)

OPDS-L offshore petroleum discharge system-legacy (USN)

OPE operational preparation of the environment

OPELINT operational electronic intelligence 

OPEO Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations (DHHS)

OPFOR opposing force; opposition force 

OPG operations planning group 

OPGEN operation general matter

OPIR overhead persistent infrared

OPLAN operation plan 

OPLAW operational law 

OPM Office of Personnel Management; operations per minute

OPMG Office of the Provost Marshal General

OPNAVINST Chief of Naval Operations instruction

OPORD operation order 

OPP orderwire patch panel

OPR office of primary responsibility 

OPREP operational report 

OPROJ operational project

OPS operational project stock; operations; operations center 

OPSCOM Operations Committee 

OPSDEPS Service Operations Deputies

OPSEC operations security 

OPSTK operational stock 

OPSUM operation summary 

OPT operational planning team 

OPTAR operating target 

OPTASK operation task

OPTASKLINK operations task link

OPTEMPO operating tempo 

OPTINT optical intelligence 

OPZONE operation zone 

OR operational readiness; other rank(s) (NATO) 

ORBAT order of battle 

ORCON originator controlled

ORDREF order reference

ORDTYP order type

ORG origin (GEOLOC)

ORIG origin

ORM operational risk management 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-135

ORP ocean reception point 

ORS operationally responsive space

ORSA operations research and systems analysis

OS operating system

OSA operational support airlift

OSAT out-of-service analog test 

OSC offensive space control; on-scene commander; on-site 

commander; Open Source Center (CIA); operational 

support command; operations support center 

OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense 

OSD/DMDPO Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Military 

Deception Program Office

OSE on scene endurance; operations support element 

OSEI operational significant event imagery

OSG operational support group

OSI open system interconnection; operational subsystem 

interface

OSIA on-site inspection activity

OSINT open-source information; open-source intelligence 

OSIS open-source information system

OSM Office of Spectrum Management (NTIA)

OSO operational support office

OSOCC on-site operations coordination center

OSP operations support package 

OSPG overseas security policy group 

OSR on-station report

OSRI originating station routing indicator 

OSV ocean station vessel 

OT operational test 

OT&E operational test and evaluation

OTA Office of Technical Assistance (TREAS)

OTC officer in tactical command; over the counter

OTG operational target graphic 

OTH other; over the horizon 

OTH-B over-the-horizon backscatter (radar) 

OTHT over-the-horizon targeting

OTI Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID)

OTS Officer Training School; one-time source 

OUB offshore petroleum discharge system utility boat

OUSD Office of the Under Secretary of Defense 

OUSD(AT&L) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, 

Technology, and Logistics) 

OUSD(C) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)

OUSD(C/CFO) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense 

(Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer)
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-136 JP 1-02

OUSD(I) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)

OUSD(P) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

OUT outsize cargo 

OVE on-vehicle equipment 

OVER oversize cargo 

OVM Operation VIGILANT MARINER

OW orderwire 

OWS operational weather squadron
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-137

P

P parallel pattern; priority; publication

PA parent relay; physician assistant; primary agency; probability 

of arrival; public affairs

PAA position area of artillery

PABX private automatic branch exchange (telephone)

PACAF Pacific Air Forces 

PAD patient administration director; positional adjustment; 

precision aircraft direction

PADD person authorized to direct disposition of human remains 

PADRU Pan American Disaster Response Unit 

PADS position azimuth determining system 

PAG public affairs guidance

PAL personnel allowance list; program assembler language

PALCON pallet container

PALS precision approach landing system 

PAM preventive and aerospace medicine; pulse amplitude 

modulation

PaM passage material 

PANS procedures for air navigation services 

PAO public affairs office; public affairs officer 

PAR performance assessment report; population at risk; 

precision approach radar

PARC principal assistant for contracting

PARKHILL high frequency cryptological device 

PARPRO peacetime application of reconnaissance programs 

PARS Personnel and Accountability System

PAS personnel accounting symbol

PAT public affairs team 

PAV policy assessment visit

PAWS phased array warning system

PAX passengers; public affairs plans

PB particle beam; patrol boat; peace building; 

President’s budget

PB4T planning board for training

PBA performance-based agreement; production base analysis

PBCR portable bar code recorder 

PBD program budget decision

PBIED person-borne improvised explosive device

PBOS Planning Board for Ocean Shipping

PC patrol craft; personal computer; pilot in command; 

preliminary coordination; Principals Committee 

Pc cumulative probability of detection 

P,C,&H packing, crating, and handling

PC&S post, camp, and station
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-138 JP 1-02

PCA Posse Comitatus Act 

PCASS Preliminary Credibility Assessment Screening System

PCC policy coordination committee; primary control center

PCF personnel control facility 

PCL positive control launch 

PC-LITE processor, laptop imagery transmission equipment 

PCM pulse code modulation 

PCO primary control officer; procuring contracting officer 

PCRTS primary casualty receiving and treatment ship 

PCS permanent change of station; personal communications 

system; primary control ship; processing subsystem; 

processor controlled strapping

PCT personnel control team

PCTC pure car and truck carrier 

PCZ physical control zone 

PD position description; Presidential directive; priority 

designator; probability of damage; probability of 

detection; procedures description; program 

definition; program directive; program director; 

public diplomacy

Pd drift compensated parallelogram pattern 

PDA preliminary damage assessment

PDAI primary development/test aircraft inventory

PDC Pacific Disaster Center

PDD Presidential decision directive

PDDA power driven decontamination apparatus 

PDDG program directive development group

PDG positional data graphic 

PDM program decision memorandum

PDOP position dilution of precision 

PDS position determining system; primary distribution site; 

protected distribution system

PDSC public diplomacy and strategic communication

PDSS predeployment site survey

PDT partnership development team

PDUSD(P&R) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel 

and Readiness) 

PE peace enforcement; peacetime establishment; personal 

effects; preparation of the environment; 

program element

PEAD Presidential emergency action document

PEC program element code 

PECK patient evacuation contingency kit 

PECP precision engagement collaboration process 

PED processing, exploitation, and dissemination

PEDB planning and execution database
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-139

PEGEO personnel geographic location

PEI principal end item

PEIO personnel effects inventory officer

PEM program element monitor

PEO peace enforcement operations; program executive office;

program executive officer

PEP personnel exchange program 

PER personnel 

PERE person eligible to receive effects

PERID period

PERMA planning, embarkation, rehearsal, movement, and action

PERMREP permanent representative (NATO) 

PERSCO personnel support for contingency operations

PERSCOM personnel command (Army) 

PERSINS personnel information system 

PES preparedness evaluation system 

PFA primary federal agency 

PFD personal flotation device 

PFDB planning factors database

PFIAB President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board 

PFID positive friendly identification

PFO principal federal official 

PfP Partnership for Peace (NATO)

PGI procedures, guidance, and information

PGM precision-guided munition 

pH potential of hydrogen

PHEO public health emergency officer

PHIBCB amphibious construction battalion 

PHIBGRU amphibious group 

PHIBOP amphibious operation 

PHIBRON amphibious squadron 

PHIT port handling/in-land transportation

PHO posthostilities operations

PHS Public Health Service

PI pandemic influenza; point of impact

; procedural item; purposeful interference

Pi probability of incapacitation

PI&ID pandemic influenza and infectious disease

PIAB President’s Intelligence Advisory Board

PIC parent indicator code; payment in cash; person identification 

code; pilot in command; press information center (NATO) 

PID plan identification number; positive identification

PIDD planned inactivation or discontinued date 

PIF problem identification flag

PII pre-incident indicators

PIM pretrained individual manpower 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-140 JP 1-02

PIN personnel increment number 

PINS precise integrated navigation system

PIO press information officer; public information officer 

PIPS plans integration partitioning system 

PIR priority intelligence requirement

PIREP pilot report

PIRT purposeful interference response team

PIW person in water 

PJ pararescue jumper 

PK peacekeeping; probability of kill

PKB purple kill box

PKG-POL packaged petroleum, oils, and lubricants 

PKI public key infrastructure

PKO peacekeeping operations 

PKP purple k powder 

PKSOI Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute

PL phase line; public law

PLA plain language address; post-launch abort

PLAD plain language address directory 

PLANORD planning order 

PLAT pilot’s landing aid television 

PLB personal locator beacon 

PLC power line conditioner 

PLGR precise lightweight global positioning system (GPS) 

receiver 

PLL phase locked loop 

PLL/ASL prescribed load list/authorized stock level 

PLRS position location reporting system 

PLS palletized load system; personal locator system; 

personal locator system; pillars of logistic support; 

precision location system

PLT platoon; program library tape 

PM Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (DOS); parallel track 

multiunit; passage material; patient movement; 

peacemaking; political-military affairs; preventive 

medicine; program management; program manager; 

provost marshal 

PMA political/military assessment 

PMAA Production Management Alternative Architecture 

PMAI primary mission aircraft inventory 

P/M/C passengers/mail/cargo

PMC parallel multiunit circle; private military company

PMCF post maintenance check flight

PMCT port movement control team 

PMD program management directive

PME professional military education 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-141

PMEL precision measurement equipment laboratory

PMESII political, military, economic, social, information, and 

infrastructure

PMGM program manager’s guidance memorandum

PMI patient movement item; prevention of mutual interference

PMITS Patient Movement Item Tracking System

PMN parallel track multiunit non-return 

PMO production management office(r); program management 

office

PMOS primary military occupational specialty 

PMR parallel track multiunit return; patient movement request; 

patient movement requirement 

PMRC patient movement requirements center

PMS portable meteorological subsystem 

PN partner nation; pseudonoise 

PNA postal net alert

PNID precedence network in dialing 

PNT positioning, navigation, and timing

PNVS pilot night vision system 

P/O part of 

PO peace operations; petty officer 

POA plan of action

POAI primary other aircraft inventory

POB persons on board

POC point of contact 

POCD port operations cargo detachment 

POD plan of the day; port of debarkation; probability of 

detection

POE port of embarkation; port of entry 

POES polar operational environment satellite

POF priority of fires 

POG port operations group

POI program of instruction

POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants 

POLAD policy advisor; political advisor

POLCAP bulk petroleum capabilities report 

POLMIL political-military

POM program objective memorandum

POMCUS pre-positioning of materiel configured to unit sets 

POMSO Plans, Operations, and Military Support Office(r) (NG) 

POP performance oriented packaging 

POPS port operational performance simulator 

POR proposed operational requirement

PORTS portable remote telecommunications system

PORTSIM port simulation model
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-142 JP 1-02

POS peacetime operating stocks; point of sale; probability 

of success

POSF port of support file

POSSUB possible submarine

POSTMOB post mobilization 

POTUS President of the United States

POV privately owned vehicle 

POW prisoner of war 

P/P patch panel 

p-p peak-to-peak 

PPA personnel information system (PERSINS) personnel 

activity 

PPAG proposed public affairs guidance 

PPBE Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution 

PPD Presidential policy directive; program planning document

PPDB point positioning database

PPE personal protective equipment

PPF personnel processing file 

Pplan programming plan

PPLI precise participant location and identification

ppm parts per million 

PPP power projection platform; primary patch panel; priority 

placement program

PPR prior permission required

PPS precise positioning service

PPTO petroleum pipeline and terminal operating

PR personnel recovery; Phoenix Raven; primary zone; 

production requirement; program review 

PRA patient reception area; primary review authority

PRANG Puerto Rican Air National Guard 

PRBS pseudorandom binary sequence 

PRC populace and resources control; Presidential Reserve 

Call-up

PRCC personnel recovery coordination cell; personnel recovery 

coordination center

PRCS personnel recovery coordination section

PRD personnel readiness division; Presidential review directive 

PRDO personnel recovery duty officer 

PREMOB pre-mobilization 

PREPO pre-positioned force, equipment, or supplies; prepositioning 

PREREP pre-arrival report 

PRF personnel resources file; pulse repetition frequency

PRG personnel recovery guidance; program review group 

PRI movement priority for forces having the same latest arrival 

date (LAD); priority; progressive routing indicator
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-143

PRIFLY primary flight control

Prime BEEF Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force

PRISM Planning Tool for Resource, Integration, 

Synchronization, and Management 

PRM Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (DOS); 

Presidential review memorandum 

PRMFL perm file 

PRMS personnel recovery mission software 

PRN pseudorandom noise 

PRO personnel recovery officer 

PROBSUB probable submarine

PROC processor; Puerto Rican Operations Center 

PROFIS professional officer filler information system 

PROM programmable read-only memory 

PROPIN caution - proprietary information involved 

PROVORG providing organization 

proword procedure word 

PRP personnel reliability program; Personnel Retrieval and 

Processing

PRRIS Puerto Rican radar integration system 

PRSL primary zone/switch location

PRT patient reception team; provincial reconstruction team

PRTF personnel recovery task force 

PRU pararescue unit; primary reporting unit

PS parallel track single-unit; port security; processing 

subsystem 

PSA port support activity; principal staff assistant

PSB poststrike base 

PSC port security company; principal subordinate command; 

private security contractor 

PSD planning systems division; port security detachment

PSE peculiar support equipment

PS/HD port security/harbor defense

PSHDGRU port security and harbor defense group 

PSI personnel security investigation; Proliferation Security 

Initiative 

psi pounds per square inch 

PSK phase-shift keying

PSL parallel track single-unit long-range aid to navigation 

(LORAN)

PSMS Personnel Status Monitoring System

PSN packet switching node; public switch network

PSO peace support operations (NATO); post security officer 

PSP perforated steel planking; portable sensor platform; 

power support platform

PSS parallel single-unit spiral; personnel services support
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-144 JP 1-02

PSS-SOF Precision Strike Suite-Special Operations Forces

P-STATIC precipitation static 

PSTN public switched telephone network 

PSU port security unit 

PSV pseudosynthetic video

PTA position, time, altitude

PTAI primary training aircraft inventory 

PTC peace through confrontation; primary traffic channel

PTDO prepare to deploy order 

PTM personnel transport module

PTT postal telephone and telegraph; public telephone and 

telegraph; push-to-talk 

PTTI precise time and time interval 

pub publication 

PUK packup kit 

PUL parent unit level 

PV prime vendor

PVNTMED preventive medicine 

PVT positioning, velocity, and timing 

PW prisoner of war 

pW picowatt 

PWB printed wiring board (assembly) 

PWD programmed warhead detonation

PWF personnel working file

PWG protection working group

PWIS Prisoner of War Information System

PWR pre-positioned wartime reserves 

PWRMR pre-positioned war materiel requirement 

PWRMS pre-positioned war reserve materiel stock 

PWRR petroleum war reserve requirements 

PWRS petroleum war reserve stocks; pre-positioned war reserve 

stock 

PWS performance work statement

PWT precision weapons team

PZ pickup zone 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-145

Q

QA quality assurance 

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation 

QAR quality assurance representative

QAT quality assurance team 

QC quality control 

QD quality distance 

QDR quadrennial defense review; quality deficiency report 

QEEM quick erect expandable mast 

QHDA qualified hazardous duty area

QIP quick impact project

QM quartermaster 

QPSK quadrature phase shift keying 

QRA quick reaction antenna 

QRCT quick reaction communications terminal

QRE quick reaction element 

QRF quick reaction force; quick response force 

QRG quick response graphic 

QRP quick response posture 

QRS quick reaction strike

QRSA quick reaction satellite antenna 

QRT quick reaction team 

QS quality surveillance 

QSR quality surveillance representative 

QSTAG quadripartite standardization agreement 

QTY quantity 

QUADCON quadruple container
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-146 JP 1-02

R

R routine

R&D research and development 

R&R rest and recuperation

R&S reconnaissance and surveillance; reconstruction and 

stabilization

R2P2 rapid response planning process

RA response action; risk analysis; risk assessment

RAA redeployment assembly area 

RABFAC radar beacon forward air controller

RAC responsible analytic center

RAC-OT readiness assessment system - output tool

RAD routine aerial distribution

RADAY radio day 

RADBN radio battalion

RADC regional air defense commander

RADCON radiological control team

RADF radarfind 

RADHAZ electromagnetic radiation hazards 

RADS rapid area distribution support (USAF)

RAE right of assistance entry 

RAF Royal Air Force (UK) 

R-AFF regimental affiliation 

RAM raised angle marker; random access memory; random 

antiterrorism measure

RAMCC regional air movement control center

RAOB rawindsonde observation 

RAOC regional air operations center 

RAP Radiological Assistance Program (DOE); rear area 

protection; Remedial Action Projects Program (JCS) 

RAS replenishment at sea 

RAS-OT readiness assessment system-output tool

RAST recovery assistance, securing, and traversing systems 

RASU random access storage unit 

RATE refine, adapt, terminate, execute

RATT radio teletype 

RB short-range coastal or river boat 

RBA reimbursable budget authority

RBC red blood cell 

RBE remain-behind equipment 

RBECS Revised Battlefield Electronic Communications, 

Electronics, Intelligence, and Operations (CEIO) System

RBI RED/BLACK isolator 

RB std rubidium standard 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-147

RC receive clock; regional coordinator; Reserve Component; 

resident coordinator (UN); river current 

RCA riot control agent

RCAT regional counterdrug analysis team 

RCC regional contracting center; relocation coordination 

center; rescue coordination center

RCCPDS Reserve Component common personnel data system 

RCD regional collection detachment

RCEM regional contingency engineering management 

RCHB reserve cargo handling battalion

RCIED radio-controlled improvised explosive device

RCM Rules for Courts-Martial 

RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police 

RC NORTH Regional Command North (NATO)

RCO regional contracting office

RCP resynchronization control panel 

RCS radar cross section

RC SOUTH Regional Command South (NATO)

RCSP remote call service position 

RCT regimental combat team; rescue coordination team (Navy)

RCTA Regional Counterdrug Training Academy

RCU rate changes unit; remote control unit 

RCVR receiver 

RD receive data; ringdown

RDA research, development, and acquisition 

RDCFP Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program

RDCTFP Regional Defense Combating Terrorism 

Fellowship Program

RDD radiological dispersal device; required delivery date 

RDECOM US Army Research, Development, and Engineering 

Command 

RDF radio direction finder; rapid deployment force 

RDO request for deployment order 

RDT&E research, development, test and evaluation 

REACT rapid execution and combat targeting 

REAC/TS radiation emergency assistance center/training site (DOE) 

READY resource augmentation duty program

RECA Residual Capability Assessment

RECAS residual capability assessment system 

RECAT residual capability assessment team 

RECCE reconnaissance 

RECMOB reconstitution-mobilization 

RECON reconnaissance 

RED radiological exposure device

RED HORSE Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair 

Squadron Engineer
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-148 JP 1-02

REF Rapid Equipping Force (Army); reference(s) 

REGT regiment

REL relative 

RELCAN releasable to Canada 

REMT regional emergency management team

REMUS remote environmental monitoring unit system 

REPOL bulk petroleum contingency report; petroleum damage and 

deficiency report; reporting emergency petroleum, oils, 

and lubricants 

REPSHIP report of shipment 

REPUNIT reporting unit 

REQCONF request confirmation 

REQSTATASK air mission request status tasking 

RES radiation exposure status

RESA research, evaluation, and system analysis 

RESCAP rescue combat air patrol 

RESCORT rescue escort 

RESPROD responsible production 

RET retired 

RF radio frequency; reserve force

RFA radio frequency authorization; request for assistance; 

restrictive fire area 

RFC request for capabilities; response force commander;

revision final coordination

RF CM radio frequency countermeasures 

RFD revision first draft 

RF/EMPINT radio frequency/electromagnetic pulse intelligence

RFF request for feedback; request for forces 

RFI radio frequency interference; ready for issue; request for 

information

RFID radio frequency identification

RFL restrictive fire line 

RFP request for proposal 

RFS request for service; request for support

RFW request for waiver 

RG reconstitution group 

RGR Rangers

RGS remote geospatial intelligence services 

RH reentry home 

Rh Rhesus

RHIB rigid hull inflatable boat 

RI Refugees International; routing indicator 

RIB rubberized inflatable boat 

RIC routing indicator code

RICO regional interface control officer

RIG recognition identification group
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-149

RIK replacement in kind

RIMS registrant information management system

RIP register of intelligence publications 

RIS reconnaissance information system 

RISOP red integrated strategic offensive plan

RISTA reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target 

acquisition

RIT remote imagery transceiver 

RIVRON riverine squadron

RJTD reconstitution joint table of distribution

RLD ready-to-load date

RLE rail liaison element

RLG regional liaison group; ring laser gyro 

RLGM remote loop group multiplexer 

RLGM/CD remote loop group multiplexer/cable driver

RLP remote line printer 

RM ramp module; recovery mechanism; resource 

management; risk management 

RMC remote multiplexer combiner; rescue mission commander; 

Resource Management Committee (CSIF); returned to 

military control

RMKS remarks 

RMO regional Marine officer

RMP religious ministry professional

RMS requirements management system; root-mean-square

RMT response management team

RMU receiver matrix unit 

RNAV area navigation 

RNP remote network processor 

R/O receive only 

Ro search radius rounded to next highest whole number 

ROC regional operations center; rehearsal of concept; required 

operational capability

ROCU remote orderwire control unit 

ROE rules of engagement 

ROEX rules of engagement exercise 

ROG railhead operations group

ROICC resident officer in charge of construction

ROK Republic of Korea 

ROM read-only memory; restriction of movement; rough order 

of magnitude

ROMO range of military operations

RON remain overnight 

RO/RO roll-on/roll-off 

ROS reduced operating status 

ROTC Reserve Officer Training Corps 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-150 JP 1-02

ROTHR relocatable over-the-horizon backscatter radar (USN) 

ROWPU reverse osmosis water purification unit 

ROZ restricted operations zone 

RP reconstitution priority; release point (road); religious 

program specialist; retained personnel 

RPG rocket propelled grenade

RPM revolutions per minute

RPO rendezvous and proximity operations

RPOE rapid port opening element

RPPO Requirements, Plans, and Policy Office 

RPT report 

RPTOR reporting organization 

RPV remotely piloted vehicle 

RQMT requirement 

RQT rapid query tool

RR reattack recommendation 

RRC regional reporting center

RRCC regional response coordination center 

RRDF roll-on/roll-off discharge facility 

RRF rapid reaction force; rapid response force; Ready Reserve 

Fleet; Ready Reserve Force 

RRPP rapid response planning process

RS rate synthesizer; religious support; requirement submission 

RSA retrograde storage area 

RSC red station clock; regional service center; rescue sub-center 

RSD reporting of supply discrepancy

RSE retrograde support element

RSG reference signal generator 

RSI rationalization, standardization, and interoperability 

RSL received signal level 

RSN role specialist nation

RSO reception, staging, and onward movement; regional 

security officer; remote split operations

RSOC regional signals intelligence (SIGINT) operations center 

RSOI reception, staging, onward movement, and integration

RSP recognized surface picture; Red Switch Project (DOD); 

religious support policy

RSPA Research and Special Programs Administration 

RSS radio subsystem; really simple syndication; remote 

sensors subsystem; root-sum-squared 

RSSC regional satellite communications support 

center; regional satellite support cell; regional signals 

intelligence (SIGINT) support center (NSA); regional 

space support center

RSSC-LO regional satellite communications support center liaison 

officer; regional space support center liaison officer
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-151

RST religious support team

RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition 

RSTV real-time synthetic video 

RSU rapid support unit; rear support unit; remote switching unit

R/T receiver/transmitter

RT recovery team; remote terminal; rough terrain 

RTA residual threat assessment 

RTB return to base 

RTCC rough terrain container crane 

RTCH rough terrain container handler 

RTD returned to duty 

RTF regional task force; return to force 

RTFL rough terrain forklift 

RTG radar target graphic 

RTL restricted target list

RTLP receiver test level point 

RTM real-time mode

RTS remote transfer switch 

RTTY radio teletype 

RU release unit; rescue unit 

RUF rules for the use of force 

RUIC Reserve unit identification number

RUSCOM rapid ultrahigh frequency (UHF) satellite communications

RV long-range seagoing rescue vessel; 

rekeying variable; rendezvous

RVR runway visibility recorder

RVT remote video terminal 

RW rotary-wing

RWCM regional wartime construction manager 

RWR radar warning receiver 

RWS rawinsonde subsystem

RX receive; receiver 

RZ return-to-zero
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-152 JP 1-02

S

618 AOC (TACC) 618 Air Operations Center (Tanker Airlift Control Center)

S&F store-and-forward 

S&R search and recovery 

S&T science and technology; scientific and technical 

S&TI scientific and technical intelligence 

S-1 battalion or brigade manpower and personnel staff 

officer (Marine Corps battalion or regiment)

S-2 battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment)

S-3 battalion or brigade operations staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment)

S-4 battalion or brigade logistics staff officer (Army; Marine 

Corps battalion or regiment)

SA security assistance; selective availability (GPS); senior 

adviser; situational awareness; staging area; stand-alone 

switch

SAA senior airfield authority

SAAFR standard use Army aircraft flight route

SAAM special assignment airlift mission 

SAB scientific advisory board (USAF)

SABER situational awareness beacon with reply

SAC special actions cell; special agent in charge; supporting 

arms coordinator

SACC supporting arms coordination center (USMC)

SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (NATO) 

SACLANT Supreme Allied Command, Atlantic 

SACS secure telephone unit (STU) access control system

SACT Supreme Allied Commander Transformation 

SADC sector air defense commander

SADL situation awareness data link 

SADO senior air defense officer

SAF Secretary of the Air Force 

SAFE secure analyst file environment; selected area for evasion;

sexual assault forensic examination

SAFE-CP selected area for evasion-contact point 

SAFER evasion and recovery selected area for evasion (SAFE) 

area activation request 

SAFWIN secure Air Force weather information network

SAG surface action group

SAI sea-to-air interface; single agency item 

SAL small arms locker 

SAL-GP semiactive laser-guided projectile (USN) 

SALM single-anchor leg mooring 

SALT supporting arms liaison team 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-153

SALTS streamlined automated logistics transfer system; 

streamlined automated logistics transmission system

SALUTE size, activity, location, unit, time, and equipment 

SAM special airlift mission; surface-to-air missile

SAMM security assistance management manual 

SAMS School of Advanced Military Studies

SAO security assistance office; security assistance officer; 

selected attack option 

SAOC sector air operations center 

SAP special access program 

SAPI special access program for intelligence 

SAPO subarea petroleum office 

SAPR sexual assault prevention and response 

SAR satellite access request; search and rescue; site access 

request; special access requirement; suspicious activity 

report; synthetic aperture radar 

SARC sexual assault response coordinator; surveillance and 

reconnaissance center 

SARDOT search and rescue point

SARIR search and rescue incident report 

SARMIS search and rescue management information system 

SARNEG search and rescue numerical encryption group 

SAROPS Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System

SARREQ search and rescue request 

SARSAT search and rescue satellite-aided tracking 

SARSIT search and rescue situation summary report 

SARTEL search and rescue (SAR) telephone (private hotline) 

SARTF search and rescue task force

SAS sealed authenticator system; special ammunition storage

SASP special ammunition supply point

SASS supporting arms special staff 

SASSY supported activities supply systems 

SAT satellite

SATCOM satellite communications 

SAW surface acoustic wave 

SB standby base

SBCT Stryker brigade combat team 

SBL space-based laser

SBPO Service blood program officer 

SBRPT subordinate reporting organization 

SBS senior battle staff; support battle staff 

SBSS science-based stockpile stewardship

SBSO sustainment brigade special operations

SBU sensitive but unclassified; special boat unit 

SC sea current; search and rescue coordinator; security 

cooperation; station clock; strategic communication 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-154 JP 1-02

SCA sociocultural analysis; space coordinating authority; 

support to civil administration

SCAR strike coordination and reconnaissance

SCAS stability control augment system 

SCATANA security control of air traffic and navigation aids 

SC ATLANTIC Strategic Command, Atlantic (NATO)

SCATMINE scatterable mine

SCATMINEWARN scatterable minefield warning 

SCC security classification code; service cryptologic 

Component; shipping coordination center; 

Standards Coordinating Committee 

SCC-WMD United States Strategic Command Center for Combating 

Weapons of Mass Destruction

SCDL surveillance control data link 

SCE Service cryptologic element 

SC EUROPE Strategic Command, Europe (NATO)

SCF(UK) Save the Children Fund (United Kingdom) 

SCF(US) Save the Children Federation (United States)

SCG Security Cooperation Guidance; switching controller group

SCHBT shape, clear, hold, build, and transition

SCI security and counterintelligence interviews;

sensitive compartmented information 

SCIF sensitive compartmented information facility 

SCL standard conventional load 

SCM security countermeasure; Service container manager 

SCMP strategic command, control, and communications (C3) 

master plan 

SCNE self-contained navigation equipment

SCO secondary control officer; security cooperation 

organization; senior contracting official; state 

coordinating officer

SCOC systems control and operations concept 

SCONUM ship control number

SCP secure conferencing project; security cooperation plan; 

service control point; system change proposal 

SCPT strategic connectivity performance test 

SCRB software configuration review board

S/CRS Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction 

and Stabilization (DOS)

SCT shipping coordination team; single channel transponder

S/CT Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (DOS)

SCTIS single channel transponder injection system 

SCTS single channel transponder system 

SCT-UR single channel transponder ultrahigh frequency (UHF) 

receiver 

SCUD surface-to-surface missile system 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-155

SD strategy division

SDA senior development advisor; Seventh-Day Adventist 

(ADRA) 

SDB Satellite Communications Database; small diameter 

bomb

SDDC Surface Deployment and Distribution Command 

SDDCTEA Surface Deployment and Distribution Command 

Transportation Engineering Agency 

SDF self defense force 

SDIO Strategic Defense Initiative Organization 

SDLS satellite data link standards 

SDMX space division matrix 

SDN system development notification 

SDNRIU secure digital net radio interface unit 

SDO senior defense official; ship’s debarkation officer 

SDO/DATT senior defense official/defense attaché

SDP strategic distribution platform

SDR system design review 

SDSG space division switching group 

SDSM space division switching matrix 

SDV SEAL team delivery vehicle; submerged delivery vehicle 

SDZ self-defense zone

SE site exploitation; spherical error

SEA Southeast Asia

SEABEE sea barge

Seabee Navy construction engineer

SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses 

SEC submarine element coordinator 

SECAF Secretary of the Air Force

SECARMY Secretary of the Army 

SecDef Secretary of Defense 

SECDHS Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security 

SECHS Secretary of Homeland Security

SECNAV Secretary of the Navy 

SECNAVINST Secretary of the Navy instruction 

SECOMP secure en route communications package 

SECORD secure cord switchboard 

SECRA secondary radar data only 

SECSTATE Secretary of State 

SECTRANS Secretary of Transportation 

SED signals external data

SEDAS spurious emission detection acquisition system

SEF sealift enhancement feature

SEI specific emitter identification

SEL senior enlisted leader

SEL REL selective release 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-156 JP 1-02

SELRES Selected Reserve 

SEMA special electronic mission aircraft 

SEMS standard embarkation management system

SEO/SEP special enforcement operation/special enforcement 

program 

SEP signal entrance panel; spherical error probable

SEPLO state emergency preparedness liaison officer 

SERE survival, evasion, resistance, and escape 

SERER survival, evasion, resistance, escape, recovery 

SES senior executive service 

SETA system engineering and technical assistance

SEW shared early warning

S/EWCC signals intelligence/electronic warfare coordination center 

SEWG Special Events Working Group

SEWOC signals intelligence/electronic warfare operations centre 

(NATO)

SEWS satellite early warning system

SF security force; security forces (Air Force or Navy); single 

frequency; special forces; standard form

SFA security force assistance

SFAF standard frequency action format

SFAT spectrum flyaway team

SFC single-fuel concept

SFCP shore fire control party 

SFG security forces group; special forces group

SFI spectral composition 

SFLEO senior federal law enforcement official 

SFMS special forces medical sergeant

SFOD-A/B/C special forces operational detachment-A/B/C

SFOR Stabilization Force 

SFS security forces squadron

SG steering group; strike group; supergroup; surgeon general

SGEMP system-generated electromagnetic pulse 

SGS strategic guidance statement

SGSA squadron group systems advisor

SGXM Headquarters, Air Mobility Command/Surgeon

SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe

SHD special handling designator 

SHF super-high frequency 

SHORAD short-range air defense 

SHORADEZ short-range air defense engagement zone 

SI special intelligence; United States Strategic Command 

strategic instruction

SIA station of initial assignment 

SIAGL survey instrument azimuth gyroscope lightweight 

SIC subject identification code; supporting intelligence center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-157

SICO sector interface control officer 

SID standard instrument departure

SIDAC single integrated damage analysis capability 

SIDL standard intelligence documents list

SIDO senior intelligence duty officer

SIDS secondary imagery dissemination system

SIF selective identification feature; strategic internment facility

SIG signal 

SIGINT signals intelligence 

SIGSEC signal security

SII statement of intelligence interest 

SIM system impact message

SIMLM single integrated medical logistics management; single 

integrated medical logistics manager 

SINCGARS single-channel ground and airborne radio system 

SINS ship’s inertial navigation system 

SIO senior intelligence officer

SIOC Strategic Information and Operations Center (FBI)

SIOP Single Integrated Operational Plan

SIOP-ESI Single Integrated Operational Plan-Extremely Sensitive 

Information

SIPRNET SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network

SIR serious incident report; specific information requirement;

Strategic Military Intelligence Review

SIRADS stored imagery repository and dissemination system

SIRMO senior information resources management official 

SIS special information systems 

SITREP situation report 

SIV special interest vessel

SJA staff judge advocate 

SJFHQ standing joint force headquarters 

SJFHQ(CE) standing joint force headquarters (core element) 

SJFHQ-E standing joint force headquarters – elimination

SJFHQ-N Standing Joint Force Headquarters - North

SJS Secretary, Joint Staff 

SKE station-keeping equipment 

SL sea level; switch locator 

SLA service level agreement; special leave accrual

SLAM stand-off land attack missile 

SLBM submarine-launched ballistic missile

SLC satellite laser communications; single line concept

SLCM sea-launched cruise missile

SLCP ship lighterage control point; ship’s loading 

characteristics pamphlet

SLD system link designator 

SLEP service life extension program
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-158 JP 1-02

SLGR small, lightweight ground receiver (GPS) 

SLIT serial-lot item tracking

SLO space liaison officer 

SLOC sea line of communications

SLRP survey, liaison, and reconnaissance party

SLWT side loadable warping tug 

SM Secretary, Joint Staff, memorandum; Service manager; 

spectrum management; staff memorandum; system 

manager

SMA special military information support operations assessment

SMART special medical augmentation response team

SMART-AIT special medical augmentation response - aeromedical 

isolation team 

SMB spectrum management branch

SMC midpoint compromise track spacing; search and rescue 

mission coordinator; system master catalog

SMCA single manager for conventional ammunition 

SMCC strategic mobile command center 

SMCM surface mine countermeasures 

SMCOO spectrum management concept of operations

SMCR Selected Marine Corps Reserve 

SMD strategic missile defense 

SMDC Space & Missile Defense Command (Army)

SMDC/ARSTRAT United States Army Space and Missile Defense 

Command/United States Army Forces Strategic 

Command

SME subject matter expert

SMEB significant military exercise brief 

SMEO small end office 

SMFT semi-trailer mounted fabric tank 

SMI security management infrastructure

SMIO search and rescue (SAR) mission information officer 

SMO senior meteorological and oceanographic officer; 

strategic mobility office(r); support to military 

operations

SMP sub-motor pool

SMPT School of Military Packaging Technology 

SMRC Specialized Medical Response Capabilities

SMRI service message routing indicator

SMS single mobility system; special military information 

support operations study

SMTP simple message transfer protocol

SMU special mission unit; supported activities supply system

(SASSY) management unit

S/N signal to noise 

SN serial number
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-159

SNCO staff noncommissioned officer 

SNF strategic nuclear forces

SNIE special national intelligence estimates 

SNLC Senior North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

Logisticians Conference 

SNM system notification message 

SNOI signal not of interest

SO safety observer

SOA separate operating agency; 

special operations aviation (Army); status of action;

sustained operations ashore

SOAF status of action file 

SOAGS special operations air-ground system

SOC security operations center; special operations commander;

special operations component

SOCA special operations communications assembly 

SOCC Sector Operations Control Center (NORAD) 

SOCCE special operations command and control element 

SOCCENT Special Operations Component, United States Central 

Command 

SOCCET special operations critical care evacuation team 

SOCEUR Special Operations Component, United States European 

Command 

SOCEX special operations capable exercise

SOC-FWD special operations command-forward

SOCJFCOM Special Operations Command, Joint Forces Command

SOCM special operations combat medic

SOCOORD special operations coordination element 

SOCP special operations communication package 

SOCPAC Special Operations Command, Pacific 

SOCRATES Special Operations Command, Research, Analysis, and 

Threat Evaluation System 

SOCSOUTH Special Operations Component, United States Southern 

Command 

SOD special operations division; strategy and options decision 

(Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System)

SODARS special operations debrief and retrieval system 

SOE special operations executive 

SOF special operations forces; supervisor of flying

SOFA status-of-forces agreement 

SOFAR sound fixing and ranging 

SOF-CF special operations forces-conventional forces

SOFLAM special operations laser marker

SOFLE special operations forces liaison element

SOFME special operations forces medical element 

SOFSA special operations forces support activity
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-160 JP 1-02

SOG special operations group 

SOI signal of interest; signal operating instructions; space 

object identification

SOIC senior officer of the intelligence community 

SOJTF special operations joint task force

SOLAS safety of life at sea 

SOLE special operations liaison element 

SOLIS signals intelligence (SIGINT) On-line Information System

SOLL special operations low-level 

SOLO special operations liaison officer

SOM satellite communications (SATCOM) operational 

manager; start of message; system operational manager 

SOMA status of mission agreement 

SOMARDS Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and 

Development System 

SOMARDS NT Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and 

Development System Non-Technical 

SoO ship of opportunity

SOOP Center for Operations, Plans, and Policy 

SOP standard operating procedure

SOR statement of requirement

SORTIEALOT sortie allotment message

SORTS Status of Resources and Training System 

SOS special operations squadron 

SOSB special operations support battalion 

SOSC special operations support command (theater army) 

SOSCOM special operations support command

SOSE special operations staff element 

SOSG station operations support group

SOSR suppress, obscure, secure, and reduce 

SOST special operations support team

SOTA signals intelligence operational tasking authority 

SOTF special operations task force

SOTSE special operations theater support element

SOUTHAF Southern Command Air Forces 

SOUTHROC Southern Region Operational Center (USSOUTHCOM) 

SOW special operations wing; standoff weapon; statement of 

work

SOWT special operations weather team 

SP security police 

SPACEAF Space Air Forces 

SPACECON control of space information

SPCC ships parts control center (USN) 

SPE senior procurement executive

SPEAR strike protection evaluation and antiair research

SPEC specified 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-161

SPECAT special category 

SPECWAR special warfare 

SPG Strategic Planning Guidance 

SPI sensor point of interest; special investigative (USAF)

SPINS special instructions 

SPINTCOMM special intelligence communications handling system

SPIREP spot intelligence report

SPLX simplex 

SPM service postal manager; single point mooring; single port 

manager

SPMAGTF special purpose Marine air-ground task force

SPO system program office 

SPOC search and rescue (SAR) points of contact; space command 

operations center

SPOD seaport of debarkation 

SPOE seaport of embarkation 

SPOT Synchronized Predeployment and Operational Tracker

SPOTREP spot report

SPP Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America; shared 

production program; State Partnership Program (NG)

SPR software problem report 

SPRINT special psychiatric rapid intervention team

SPS standard positioning service

SPSC system planning and system control 

SPTCONF support confirmation

SPTD CMD supported command 

SPTG CMD supporting command 

SPTREQ support request

sqft square feet

SR special reconnaissance 

SRA specialized-repair activity 

SRAM short-range air-to-surface attack missile; system 

replacement and modernization

SRB software release bulletin; system review board (JOPES)

SRBM short-range ballistic missile

SRC security risk category; service reception center; Single 

Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) response cell; 

standard requirements code; survival recovery center

SRCC service reserve coordination center 

SRF secure Reserve force 

SRG Seabee readiness group; short-range aircraft

SRI surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence (Marine 

Corps) 

SRIG surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence group 

(USMC) 

S/RM sustainment, restoration, and modernization
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-162 JP 1-02

SROC Senior Readiness Oversight Council; Southern Region 

Operational Center, United States Southern Command 

SROE standing rules of engagement 

SRP sealift reserve program; 

Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) 

reconnaissance plan

SRP/PDS stabilization reference package/position determining 

system

SRR search and rescue region 

SRS search and rescue sector 

SRSG special representative of the Secretary-General 

SRT scheduled return time; special reaction team; standard 

remote terminal; strategic relocatable target

SRTD signals research and target development

S/RTF search and recovery task force

SRU search and rescue unit 

SR-UAV short-range unmanned aerial vehicle 

SRUF standing rules for the use of force 

SRWBR short range wide band radio 

S/S steamship 

SS submarine 

SSA software support activity; space situational awareness; 

special support activity (NSA); strapdown sensor 

assembly; supply support activity; supply support area 

SSB single side band; support services branch; surveillance 

support branch 

SSB-SC single sideband-suppressed carrier

SSC small scale contingency; special security center

surveillance support center

SSCO shipper’s service control office 

SSCRA Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act 

SSD strategic studies detachment

SSE satellite communications (SATCOM) systems expert; 

space support element

SSF software support facility 

SSI standing signal instruction 

SSM surface-to-surface missile 

SSMI special sensor microwave imager 

SSMS single shelter message switch 

SSN attack submarine, nuclear; Social Security number; space 

surveillance network

SS (number) sea state (number) 

SSO special security office(r); spot security office 

SSP signals intelligence (SIGINT) support plan 

SSPM single-service postal manager 

SSPO strategic systems program office
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-163

SSR security sector reform

SSS Selective Service System; shelter subsystem 

SSSC surface, subsurface search surveillance coordination 

SST special support team (National Security Agency)

SSTR stability, security, transition, and reconstruction 

SSWG space support working group

ST short ton; small tug; strike team 

S/T short ton 

ST&E security test and evaluation 

STA system tape A 

STAB space tactical awareness brief

STA clk station clock 

STAMMIS standard Army multi-command management information 

system

STAMP standard air munitions package (USAF)

STANAG standardization agreement (NATO) 

STANAVFORLANT Standing Naval Forces, Atlantic (NATO) 

STAR scheduled theater airlift route; sensitive target approval and 

review; standard attribute reference; standard terminal 

arrival route; surface-to-air recovery; system threat 

assessment report

STARC state area coordinators

STARS Standard Accounting and Reporting System

START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 

STARTEX start of exercise

STB super tropical bleach 

STC secondary traffic channel 

STD sexually transmitted disease 

STDM synchronous time division multiplexer

STE secure telephone equipment

S-Team staff augmentation team

STEL STU III Standford telecommunications (secure telephone)

STEP software test and evaluation program; standardized tactical 

entry point; standard tool for employment planning 

STG seasonal target graphic 

STICS scalable transportable intelligence communications system 

STO special technical operations 

STOC special technical operations coordinator 

STOD special technical operations division 

STOL short takeoff and landing 

STOMPS stand-alone tactical operational message processing system

STON short ton

STP security technical procedure 

STR strength 

STRAPP standard tanks, racks and pylons packages (USAF)

STRATOPS strategic operations division 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-164 JP 1-02

STREAM standard tensioned replenishment alongside method 

STS special tactics squadron 

STT small tactical terminal; special tactics team 

STU secure telephone unit 

STU-III secure telephone unit III 

STW strike warfare 

STWC strike warfare commander 

STX start of text 

SU search unit 

SUBJ subject 

sub-JIB subordinate-joint information bureau 

SUBOPAUTH submarine operating authority 

sub-PIC subordinate-press information center 

SUBROC submarine rocket 

SUC surf current 

SUIC service unit identification code 

SUMMITS scenario unrestricted mobility model of intratheater 

simulation

SUPE supervisory commands program 

SUPP supplement

SUPPO supply officer

SURG surgeon 

SUROBS surf observation 

SURPIC surface picture 

SUST BDE sustainment brigade

SUW surface warfare

SUWC surface warfare commander

S/V sailboat 

SVC Service; stored value card

SVIP secure voice improvement program 

SVLTU service line termination unit 

SVR surface vessel radar 

SVS secure voice system 

Sw switch 

SWA Southwest Asia 

SWAT special weapons and tactics 

SWBD switchboard 

SWC strike warfare commander; swell/wave current 

SWI special weather intelligence

SWO staff weather officer 

SWORD submarine warfare operations research division

SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center

SWSOCC Southwest Sector Operation Control Center North 

American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

SWXS Space Weather Squadron

SXXI SPECTRUM XXI
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-165

SXXI-O SPECTRUM XXI-Online

SYDP six year defense plan 

SYG Secretary-General (UN) 

SYNC synchronization

SYS system 

SYSCOM systems command

SYSCON systems control 

SZ surf zone
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-166 JP 1-02

T

2-D two-dimensional 

2E Role 2 enhanced 

2LM Role 2 light maneuver 

3-D three-dimensional 

T search time available; short ton; trackline pattern

T&DE test and diagnostic equipment

T&E test and evaluation 

T2 technology transfer 

TA target acquisition; target audience; technical arrangement; 

theater Army; threat assessment 

TAA tactical assembly area; target audience analysis

TAACOM theater Army area command

TAADS The Army Authorization Document System 

TAAMDCOORD theater Army air and missile defense coordinator 

TAB tactical air base 

TAC tactical advanced computer; terminal access controller; 

terminal attack control; terminal attack controller 

TAC(A) tactical air coordinator (airborne) 

TACAIR tactical air 

TACAMO take charge and move out (E-6A/B aircraft)

TACAN tactical air navigation 

TACC tanker airlift control center

TAC-D tactical deception 

TACDAR tactical detection and reporting

TACINTEL tactical intelligence 

TACLAN tactical local area network

TACLOG tactical-logistical 

TACM tactical air command manual

TACO theater allied contracting office 

TACON tactical control 

TACOPDAT tactical operational data

TA/CP technology assessment/control plan 

TACP tactical air control party 

TACRON tactical air control squadron 

T-ACS auxiliary crane ship 

TACS tactical air control system; theater air control system 

TACSAT tactical satellite 

TACSIM tactical simulation 

TACSTANS tactical standards

TACT tactical aviation control team 

TACTRAGRULANT Tactical Training Group, Atlantic 

TAD tactical air direction; temporary additional duty 

(non-unit-related personnel); theater air defense; time 

available for delivery
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-167

TADC tactical air direction center 

TADCS tactical airborne digital camera system

TADS Tactical Air Defense System; target acquisition system 

and designation sight 

TAES theater aeromedical evacuation system 

TAF tactical air force

TAFDS tactical airfield fuel dispensing system

TAFIM technical architecture framework for information 

management 

TAFS tactical aerodrome forecasts

TAFT technical assistance field team 

TAG technical assessment group; technical assistance group;

the adjutant general; Tomahawk land-attack missile 

aimpoint graphic

T-AGOS tactical auxiliary general ocean surveillance 

TAGS theater air-ground system 

T-AH hospital ship 

TAI target area of interest; total active inventory

TAIS transportation automated information systems 

TAK cargo ship 

T-AKR fast logistics ship 

TALD tactical air-launched decoy 

TALON Threat and Local Observation Notice 

TAMCA theater Army movement control agency 

TAMCO theater Army movement control center

TAMD theater air and missile defense

TAMMC theater army material management command

TAMMIS theater Army medical management information system

TAMS transportation analysis, modeling, and simulation

tanalt tangent altitude 

TAO tactical action officer; tactical air officer

TAOC tactical air operations center (USMC) 

TAP troopship 

TAR tactical air request; Training and Administration of the 

Reserve 

TARBS transportable amplitude modulation and frequency 

modulation radio broadcast system 

TARBUL target bulletin

TARE tactical record evaluation 

TAREX target exploitation; target plans and operations 

TARS tethered aerostat radar system 

TARWI target weather and intelligence

TAS tactical atmospheric summary; true air speed

T-ASA Television Audio Support Agency 

TASCID tactical Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) satellite 

compensation interface device 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-168 JP 1-02

TASCO tactical automatic switch control officer 

TASIP tailored analytic intelligence support to individual 

electronic warfare and command and control warfare 

projects 

TASKORD tasking order

TASMO tactical air support for maritime operations

TASOSC theater Army special operations support command 

TASS tactical automated security system; tactical automated 

switch system

TASWC theater antisubmarine warfare commander

TAT tactical analysis team; technical assistance team 

TATC tactical air traffic control 

T-AVB aviation logistics support ship 

TAW tactical airlift wing 

TBC theater business clearance

TBD to be determined 

TBM tactical ballistic missile; theater ballistic missile 

TBMCS theater battle management core system

TBMD theater ballistic missile defense 

TBP to be published 

TBSL to be supplied later 

TBTC transportable blood transshipment center

TC tidal current; transmit clock and/or telemetry combiner; 

training circular; Transportation Corps (Army)

TCA time of closest approach; traditional 

combatant commander activity 

TC-ACCIS Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Command and 

Control Information System 

TC-AIMS Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Information for 

Movement System 

TC-AIMS II Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Information for 

Movement System II 

TCAM theater Army medical management information system 

(TAMMIS) customer assistance module 

TCC transmission control code; transportation component 

command

TCCF tactical communications control facility 

TCEM theater contingency engineering management 

TCF tactical combat force; technical control facility 

TCM theater construction manager; theater container manager

TCMD transportation control and movement document 

TCN third country national; transportation control number;

troop contributing nations

TCO termination contracting office;r transnational criminal 

organization

TCP theater campaign plan
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-169

TCPED tasking, collection, processing, exploitation, and 

dissemination

TCS theater communications system 

TCSEC trusted computer system evaluation criteria 

TCSP theater consolidation and shipping point

TD temporary duty; theater distribution; tie down; timing 

distributor; total drift; transmit data

TDA Table of Distribution and Allowance 

TDAD Table of Distribution and Allowance (TDA) designation 

TDBM technical database management

TDBSS Theater Defense Blood Standard System 

TDC target development cell

TDD target desired ground zero (DGZ) designator; 

time-definite delivery

TDF tactical digital facsimile; theater detention facility

TDIC time division interface controller 

TDIG time division interface group 

TDIM time division interface module 

TDL tactical data link 

TDM time division multiplexed 

TDMA time division multiple access 

TDMC theater distribution management cell 

TDMF time division matrix function 

TDMM time division memory module 

TDMX time division matrix 

TDN tactical data network; target development nomination

TDP theater distribution plan

TDR transportation discrepancy report

TDRC theater detainee reporting center

TDSG time division switching group 

TDSGM time division switching group modified 

TDT theater display terminal 

TDY temporary duty

TE transaction editor

TEA Transportation Engineering Agency 

TEC theater engineer command

tech technical 

TECHCON technical control 

TECHDOC technical documentation 

TECHELINT technical electronic intelligence 

TECHEVAL technical evaluation

TECHINT technical intelligence 

TECHOPDAT technical operational data

TECS II Treasury Enforcement Communications System 

TED trunk encryption device 

TEDAC Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center (FBI)
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-170 JP 1-02

TEK TeleEngineering Kit

TEL transporter-erector-launcher

TELEX teletype 

TELINT telemetry intelligence 

TELNET telecommunication network 

TEMPER tent extendible modular personnel 

TENCAP tactical exploitation of national capabilities program 

TEO team embarkation officer

TEOB tactical electronic order of battle

TEP test and evaluation plan; theater engagement plan

TERCOM terrain contour matching 

TERPES tactical electronic reconnaissance processing and 

evaluation system

TERPROM terrain profile matching 

TERS tactical event reporting system

TES theater event system

TESS Tactical Environmental Support System

TET targeting effects team

TETK TeleEngineering Toolkit

TEU technical escort unit; twenty-foot equivalent unit 

TEWLS Theater Enterprise Wide Logistics System 

TF task force

TFA toxic free area

TFADS Table Formatted Aeronautic Data Set 

TFC threat finance cell

TFCICA task force counterintelligence coordinating authority 

TFE tactical field exchange; threat finance exploitation;

transportation feasibility estimator 

TFF total force fitness

TFLIR targeting forward-looking infrared

TFMS-M Transportation Financial Management System-Military 

TFR temporary flight restriction 

TFS tactical fighter squadron; Tactical Forecast System

TG task group 

TGC trunk group cluster 

TGEN table generate 

TGM terminally guided munitions; trunk group multiplexer 

TGMOW transmission group module and/or orderwire 

TGO terminal guidance operations 

TGT target 

TGTINFOREP target information report 

TGU trunk compatibility unit 

THAAD Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

THT tactical human intelligence team

THX theater express

TI threat identification; training instructor
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-171

TIA theater intelligence assessment

TIAP theater intelligence architecture program

TIB theater intelligence brigade; toxic industrial biological 

TIBS tactical information broadcast service 

TIC target information center; toxic industrial chemical

TIDE Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment

TIDP technical interface design plan

TIDS tactical imagery dissemination system

TIF theater internment facility

TIFF tagged image file format 

TII total inactive inventory 

TIM theater information management; toxic industrial material 

TIO target intelligence officer 

TIP target intelligence package; trafficking in persons 

TIPG telephone interface planning guide

TIPI tactical information processing interpretation 

TIPS tactical optical surveillance system (TOSS) imagery 

processing system

TIR toxic industrial radiological

TIROS television infrared observation satellite

TIS technical interface specification; thermal imaging system

TISG technical interoperability standards group

TISS thermal imaging sensor system

TJAG the judge advocate general 

T-JMC theater-joint movement center

T-JTB theater-joint transportation board

TJTN theater joint tactical network

TL team leader 

TLA theater logistics analysis

TLAM Tomahawk land-attack missile 

TLAMM theater lead agent for medical materiel

TLAM/N Tomahawk land attack missile/nuclear 

TLC traffic load control 

TLE target location error 

TLM target list management; topographic line map 

TLO theater logistics overview

TLP transmission level point 

TLR trailer 

TLX teletype 

TM tactical missile; target materials; team member; technical 

manual; TROPO modem

TMAO theater mortuary affairs office; theater mortuary affairs 

officer

TMB tactical military information support operations battalion

TMD tactical munitions dispenser; theater missile defense

TMEP theater mortuary evacuation point 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-172 JP 1-02

TMG timing 

TMIP theater medical information program 

TMIS theater medical information system

TML terminal 

TMLMC theater medical logistic management center 

TMMMC theater medical materiel management center 

TMN trackline multiunit non-return 

TMO traffic management office; transportation management 

office 

TMP target materials program; telecommunications 

management program; theater manpower forces

TMR trackline multiunit return 

T/M/S type, model, and/or series 

TMT time-phased force and deployment data management tool

TNAPS tactical network analysis and planning system 

TNAPS+ tactical network analysis and planning system plus 

TNC theater network operations center

TNCC theater network operations control center 

TNCO transnational criminal organization

T-net training net 

TNF theater nuclear force 

TNL target nomination list

T/O table of organization 

TO technical order; theater of operations 

TO&E table of organization and equipment 

TOA table of allowance 

TOC tactical operations center; tanker airlift control center 

(TALCE) operations center 

TOCU tropospheric scatter (TROPO) orderwire control unit 

TOD tactical ocean data; time of day

TOE table of organization and equipment 

TOF time of flight

TOFC trailer on flatcar 

TOH top of hill 

TOI track of interest 

TOPINT technical operational intelligence 

TOR term of reference; time of receipt

TOS time on station 

TOSS tactical optical surveillance system

TOT time on target 

TOW tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided

TP technical publication; transportation priority; turn point

TPC tactical pilotage chart

TPC/PC tactical pilotage chart and/or pilotage chart

TPE theater provided equipment
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-173

TPED tasking, processing, exploitation, and dissemination;

theater personal effects depot

TPERS type personnel element

TPFDD time-phased force and deployment data 

TPFDL time-phased force and deployment list 

TPL technical publications list; telephone private line 

TPME task, purpose, method, and effects 

TPMRC theater patient movement requirements center 

TPO task performance observation

TPRC theater planning response cell

TPT tactical petroleum terminal 

TPTRL time-phased transportation requirements list

TPU tank pump unit 

TQ tactical questioning

TRA technical review authority

TRAC2ES United States Transportation Command Regulating 

and Command and Control Evacuation System 

TRACON terminal radar approach control facility 

TRADOC United States Army Training and Doctrine Command 

TRAM target recognition attack multisensor 

Trans BDE transportation brigade

Trans Det RPO transportation detachment rapid port opening

TRANSEC transmission security 

TRAP tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel (Marine Corps); 

tactical related applications; tanks, racks, adapters, and 

pylons; terrorism research and analysis program

TRC tactical radio communication; transmission release code 

TRCC tactical record communications center 

TRE tactical receive equipment 

TREAS Department of the Treasury 

TREE transient radiation effects on electronics 

TRIADS Tri-Wall Aerial Distribution System

TRICON triple container 

TRI-TAC Tri-Service Tactical Communications Program 

TRK truck; trunk 

TRNG training 

TRO training and readiness oversight

TROPO troposphere; tropospheric scatter

TRP target reference point

TRS tactical reconnaissance squadron 

TS terminal service; time-sensitive; top secret 

TSA target system analysis; theater storage area; Transportation 

Security Administration (DHS); travel security 

advisory 

TSB technical support branch; trunk signaling buffer 

TSBn transportation support battalion (USMC) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-174 JP 1-02

TSC theater security cooperation; theater support command; 

theater sustainment command (Army)

TSCIF tactical sensitive compartmented information facility

TSCM technical surveillance countermeasures 

TSCO target selection confusion of the operator; top secret 

control officer

TSCP theater security cooperation plan 

TSCR time sensitive collection requirement 

TSE tactical support element

TSEC transmission security

TSG targeting support group; test signal generator 

TSGCE tri-Service group on communications and electronics 

TSGCEE tri-Service group on communications and electronic 

equipment (NATO)

TSM trunk signaling message 

TSN trackline single-unit non-return; track supervision net

TSO technical standard order; telecommunications service order

TSOC tactical special operations command; theater special 

operations command

TSP telecommunications service priority 

TSR telecommunications service request; theater source registry; 

theater support representative; trackline single-unit return 

TSS tactical shelter system; target sensing system; timesharing 

system; time signal set; traffic service station

TSSP tactical satellite signal processor 

TSSR tropospheric scatter (TROPO)-satellite support radio 

TST tactical support team; terminal support team; theater 

support team; time-sensitive target

TSWA temporary secure working area 

TT terminal transfer 

TT&C telemetry, tracking, and commanding 

TTAN transportation tracking account number

TTB transportation terminal battalion 

TTD tactical terrain data; technical task directive

TTFACOR targets, threats, friendlies, artillery, clearance, ordnance, 

restrictions

TTG thermally tempered glass 

TTL tagging, tracking, and locating; transistor-transistor logic 

TTM threat training manual; training target material 

TTN transportation tracking number

TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures; trailer transfer point 

TTR tactical training range

TTT time to target 

TTU transportation terminal unit 

TTY teletype 

TUBA transition unit box assembly 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-175

TUCHA type unit characteristics file

TUCHAREP type unit characteristics report

TUDET type unit equipment detail file

TV television 

TVA Tennessee Valley Authority 

TW&A threat warning and assessment

TWC Office for Counterterrorism Analysis (DIA); total water 

current 

TWCF Transportation Working Capital Fund 

TWCM theater wartime construction manager 

TWD transnational warfare counterdrug analysis

TWDS tactical water distribution system 

TWI Office for Information Warfare Support (DIA)

TWPL teletypewriter private line 

TWX teletypewriter exchange 

TX transmitter; transmit 

TYCOM type commander 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-176 JP 1-02

U

U wind speed 

UA unmanned aircraft

UAOBS upper air observation

UAR unconventional assisted recovery 

UARCC unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell 

UAS unmanned aircraft system

UAV unmanned aerial vehicle

U/C unit cost; upconverter

UCFF Unit Type Code Consumption Factors File

UCMJ Uniform Code of Military Justice 

UCP Unified Command Plan 

UCT underwater construction team 

UDAC unauthorized disclosure analysis center

UDC unit descriptor code

UDESC unit description 

UDL unit deployment list; unit designation list

UDP unit deployment program 

UDT underwater demolition team 

UE unit equipment 

UEWR upgraded early warning radar

UFAC Underground Facilities Analysis Center

UFC Unified Facilities Criteria

UFO ultrahigh frequency follow-on

UFR unfunded requirement

UGA ungoverned area

UGIRH Urban Generic Information Requirements Handbook

UGM-84A Harpoon

UGM-96A Trident I

UGO unified geospatial-intelligence operations

UHF ultrahigh frequency 

UHV Upper Huallaga Valley 

UIC unit identification code 

UICIO unit identification code information officer 

UIRV unique interswitch rekeying variable 

UIS unit identification system

UJTL Universal Joint Task List 

UK United Kingdom 

UK(I) United Kingdom and Ireland 

ULC unit level code 

ULF ultra low frequency

ULLS unit level logistics system 

ULN unit line number 

ULSD ultra-low sulfur diesel

UMCC unit movement control center
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-177

UMCM underwater mine countermeasures

UMD unit manning document; unit movement data 

UMIB urgent marine information broadcast 

UMMIPS uniform material movement and issue priority system 

UMO unit movement officer

UMPR unit manpower personnel record

UMT unit ministry team

UN United Nations 

UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda

UNC United Nations Command 

UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UN CMCoord United Nations humanitarian civil-military coordination

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 

UND urgency of need designator 

UNDAC United Nations disaster assessment and coordination

UNDFS United Nations Department of Field Support

UNDHA United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs

UN-DMT United Nations disaster management team 

UNDP United Nations development programme 

UNDPKO United Nations Department for Peacekeeping Operations 

UNEF United Nations emergency force

UNEP United Nations environment programme

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural 

Organization

UNHAS United Nations Humanitarian Air Service

UNHCHR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for 

Refugees 

UNHQ United Nations Headquarters

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund 

UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 

UNIL unclassified national information library 

UNITAF unified task force 

UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research 

UNITREP unit status and identity report

UNJLC United Nations Joint Logistic Centre

UNLOC United Nations logistic course 

UNMEM United Nations military expert on mission

UNMIH United Nations Mission in Haiti 

UNMILPOC United Nations military police course 

UNMOC United Nations military observers course

UNMOVCC United Nations movement control course 

UNO unit number 

UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of 

Humanitarian Affairs

UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-178 JP 1-02

UNODIR unless otherwise directed 

UNOSOM United Nations Operations in Somalia

UNPA United Nations Participation Act 

UNPROFOR United Nations protection force

UNREP underway replenishment 

UNREP CONSOL underway replenishment consolidation

UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine 

Refugees in the Near East 

UNSC United Nations Security Council 

UNSCR United Nations Security Council resolution

UNSG United Nations Secretary-General 

UNSOC United Nations staff officers course 

UNTAC United Nations Transition Authority in Cambodia 

UNTSO United Nations Truce and Supervision Organization

UNV United Nations volunteer

UOF use of force

UON urgent operational need

UP&TT unit personnel and tonnage table 

URDB user requirements database 

URL uniform resource locater

URN unit reference number

USA United States Army 

USAB United States Army barracks

USACCSA United States Army Command and Control Support 

Agency 

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

USACFSC United States Army Community and Family Support 

Center 

USACHPPM United States Army Center for Health Promotion and 

Preventive Medicine 

USACIDC United States Army Criminal Investigation Command 

USAEDS United States Atomic Energy Detection System

USAF United States Air Force 

USAFE United States Air Forces in Europe 

USAFEP United States Air Force, Europe pamphlet

USAFLANT United States Air Force, Atlantic Command

USAFR United States Air Force Reserve 

USAFRICOM United States Africa Command

USAFSOC United States Air Force, Special Operations Command 

USAFSOF United States Air Force, Special Operations Forces 

USAFSOS United States Air Force Special Operations School 

USAID United States Agency for International Development 

USAITAC United States Army Intelligence Threat Analysis Center 

USAJFKSWC United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare 

Center 

USAMC United States Army Materiel Command
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-179

USAMMA United States Army Medical Materiel Agency 

USAMPS United States Army Military Police School 

USAMRICD United States Army Medical Research Institute of

Chemical Defense

USAMRIID United States Army Medical Research Institute of 

Infectious Diseases

USAMRMC United States Army Medical Research and Materiel 

Command 

USANCA United States Army Nuclear and Combating Weapons of 

Mass Destruction Agency

USAO United States Attorney Office 

USAR United States Army Reserve 

USARCENT United States Army, Central Command 

USARDECOM United States Army Research, Development, and

Engineering Command

USAREUR United States Army, European Command 

USARIEM United States Army Research Institute of Environmental 

Medicine

USARJ United States Army, Japan

USARNORTH United States Army, North 

USARPAC United States Army, Pacific Command

USARSO United States Army, Southern Command

USASMDC/ARSTRAT United States Army Space and Missile Defense 

Command/Army Forces Strategic Command

USASOC United States Army Special Operations Command 

USB upper side band 

USBP United States Border Patrol 

USC United States Code; universal service contract 

USCENTAF United States Central Command Air Forces 

USCENTCOM United States Central Command 

USCG United States Coast Guard 

USCGR United States Coast Guard Reserve 

USCIS United States Citizenship and Immigration Services 

USCS United States Cryptologic System; United States 

Customs Service 

USCYBERCOM United States Cyber Command

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USD(A&T) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 

Technology 

USDAO United States defense attaché office 

USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, 

and Logistics

USD(C/CFO) Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller/Chief Financial 

Officer)

USDELMC United States Delegation to the NATO Military Committee 

USD(I) Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-180 JP 1-02

USD(P) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

USD(P&R) Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness

USD(R&E) Under Secretary of Defense for Research and 

Engineering

USELEMCMOC United States Element Cheyenne Mountain Operations 

Center 

USELEMNORAD United States Element, North American Aerospace 

Defense Command 

USERID user identification 

USERRA Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment 

Rights Act

USEUCOM United States European Command 

USFF United States Fleet Forces Command

USFJ United States Forces, Japan

USFK United States Forces, Korea

USFORAZORES United States Forces, Azores

USFS United States Forest Service 

USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service 

USG United States Government 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

USIA United States Information Agency 

USIC United States interdiction coordinator

USIS United States Information Service 

USJFCOM United States Joint Forces Command

USLANTFLT United States Atlantic Fleet 

USLO United States liaison office; United States liaison officer 

USMARFORCENT United States Marine Component, Central Command

USMARFORLANT United States Marine Component, Atlantic Command

USMARFORNORTH United States Marine Corps Forces North

USMARFORPAC United States Marine Component, Pacific Command

USMARFORSOUTH United States Marine Component, Southern Command

USMC United States Marine Corps

USMCEB United States Military Communications-Electronics Board 

USMCR United States Marine Corps Reserve 

USMER United States merchant ship vessel locator reporting 

system

USMILGP United States military group

USMILREP United States military representative

USML United States Munitions List

USMOG-W United States Military Observer Group - Washington 

USMS United States Marshals Service 

USMTF United States message text format 

USMTM United States military training mission 

USN United States Navy 

USNAVCENT United States Naval Forces, Central Command

USNAVEUR United States Naval Forces, Europe
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-181

USNAVSO US Naval Forces Southern Command 

USNCB United States National Central Bureau (INTERPOL) 

USNMR United States National Military representative 

USNMTG United States North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

Military Terminology Group

USNO United States Naval Observatory

USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command 

USNR United States Navy Reserve 

USNS United States Naval Ship 

USPACAF United States Air Forces, Pacific Command 

USPACFLT United States Pacific Fleet 

USPACOM United States Pacific Command 

USPFO(P&C) United States Property and Fiscal Office (Purchasing and 

Contracting)

USPHS United States Public Health Service 

USPS United States Postal Service

USREPMC United States representative to the military committee 

(NATO) 

USSOCOM United States Special Operations Command 

USSOUTHAF United States Air Force, Southern Command 

USSOUTHCOM United States Southern Command 

USSS United States Secret Service (TREAS); United States 

Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) System 

USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command 

USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command 

USUN United States Mission to the United Nations

USW undersea warfare

USW/USWC undersea warfare and/or undersea warfare commander

USYG under secretary general 

UT1 unit trainer; Universal Time

UTC Coordinated Universal Time; unit type code

UTM universal transverse mercator 

UTO unit table of organization 

UTR underwater tracking range

UUV unmanned underwater vehicle; unmanned underwater vessel

UVEPROM ultraviolet erasable programmable read-only memory 

UW unconventional warfare 

UWOA unconventional warfare operating area 

UXO unexploded explosive ordnance; unexploded ordnance 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-182 JP 1-02

V

V search and rescue unit ground speed; sector pattern; volt 

v velocity of target drift 

VA Veterans Administration; victim advocate; vulnerability 

assessment 

V&A valuation and availability

VAAP vulnerability assessment and assistance program 

VAC volts, alternating current

VARVAL vessel arrival data, list of vessels available to marine safety 

offices and captains of the port 

VAT B (weather) visibility (in miles), amount (of clouds, in 

eighths), (height of cloud) top (in thousands of feet), 

(height of cloud) base (in thousands of feet) 

VBIED vehicle-borne improvised explosive device

VBS visit, board, search

VBSS visit, board, search, and seizure 

VCC voice communications circuit 

VCG virtual coordination group 

VCJCS Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

VCNOG Vice Chairman, Nuclear Operations Group 

VCO voltage controlled oscillator 

VCOPG Vice Chairman, Operations Planners Group 

VCR violent crime report

VCXO voltage controlled crystal oscillator; voltage controlled 

oscillator 

VDC volts, direct current

VDJS Vice Director, Joint Staff

VDL video downlink

VDR voice digitization rate 

VDS video subsystem 

VDSD visual distress signaling device 

VDU visual display unit 

VDUC visual display unit controller 

VE vertical error

VEE Venezuelan equine encephalitis

VEH vehicle; vehicular cargo 

VEO violent extremist organization

VERTREP vertical replenishment 

VF voice frequency 

VFR visual flight rules 

VFS validating flight surgeon 

VFTG voice frequency telegraph 

VHF very high frequency 

VI visual information 

VICE advice 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-183

VID visual identification; visual identification information display

VINSON encrypted ultrahigh frequency communications system

VIP very important person; visual information processor 

VIRS verbally initiated release system

VIS visual imaging system

VISA Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement

VISOBS visual observer

VIXS video information exchange system

VLA vertical line array; visual landing aid

VLF very low frequency 

VLR very-long-range aircraft 

VMap vector map 

VMAQ Marine tactical electronic warfare squadron

VMC visual meteorological conditions 

VMF variable message format 

VMGR Marine aerial refueler and transport squadron

VMI vendor managed inventory

VNTK target vulnerability indicator designating degree of 

hardness; susceptibility of blast; and K-factor 

VO validation office

VOCODER voice encoder

VOCU voice orderwire control unit 

VOD vertical onboard delivery 

VOL volunteer 

vol volume 

VOLS vertical optical landing system 

VOR very high frequency omnidirectional range station 

VORTAC very high frequency omnidirectional range station and/or 

tactical air navigation 

VOX voice actuation (keying) 

VP video processor

VPB version planning board 

VPD version planning document 

VPV virtual prime vendor

VS sector single-unit 

VS&PT vehicle summary and priority table 

VSG virtual support group 

VSP voice selection panel 

VSR sector single-unit radar 

V/STOL vertical and/or short takeoff and landing aircraft

VSW very shallow water

VTA voluntary tanker agreement

VTC video teleconferencing 

VTOL vertical takeoff and landing 

VTOL-UAS vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft system

VTOL-UAV vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-184 JP 1-02

VTS vessel traffic service 

VTT video teletraining

VU volume unit 

VV&A verification, validation, and accreditation 

VV&C verification, validation, and certification

VX nerve agent (O-Ethyl S-Diisopropylaminomethyl 

Methylphosphonothiolate) 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-185

W

W sweep width 

w search subarea width 

WAAR Wartime Aircraft Activity Report

WACBE World Area Code Basic Encyclopedia

WADS Western Air Defense Sector 

WAGB icebreaker (USCG) 

WAI weather area of interest

WAN wide-area network 

WANGO World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations

WARM wartime reserve mode 

WARNORD warning order

WARP web-based access and retrieval portal 

WAS wide area surveillance

WASP war air service program 

WATCHCON watch condition 

WB wideband 

WBGTI wet bulb globe temperature index

WBIED waterborne improvised explosive device

WC wind current 

WCA water clearance authority 

WCCS Wing Command and Control System

WCDO War Consumables Distribution Objective

WCE weapons of mass destruction coordination element

WCO World Customs Organization

WCS weapons control status

WDCO well deck control officer

WDT warning and display terminal 

WEAX weather facsimile

Web SM Web scheduling and movement

WES weapon engagement status

WETM weather team 

WEU Western European Union 

WEZ weapon engagement zone 

WFE warfighting environment 

WFP World Food Programme (UN) 

WG working group

WGS Wideband Global Satellite Communications; 

World Geodetic System

WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 

WH wounded due to hostilities 

WHEC high-endurance cutter (USCG) 

WHNRS wartime host-nation religious support 

WHNS wartime host-nation support 

WHNSIMS Wartime Host Nation Support Information Management System 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-186 JP 1-02

WHO World Health Organization (UN) 

WIA wounded in action 

WISDIM Warfighting and Intelligence Systems Dictionary for 

Information Management 

WISP Wartime Information Security Program 

WIT weapons intelligence team

WLG Washington Liaison Group 

WMD weapons of mass destruction 

WMD-CST weapons of mass destruction-civil support team

WMEC Coast Guard medium-endurance cutter 

WMO World Meteorological Organization 

WMP Air Force War and Mobilization Plan; War and 

Mobilization Plan 

WOC wing operations center (USAF) 

WOD wind-over deck; word-of-day

WORM write once read many 

WOT war on terrorism 

WP white phosphorous; working party; Working Party 

(NATO)

WPA water jet propulsion assembly 

WPAL wartime personnel allowance list 

WPARR War Plans Additive Requirements Roster

WPB Coast Guard patrol boat 

WPC Washington Planning Center

WPM words per minute 

WPN weapon 

WPR War Powers Resolution 

WR war reserve; weapon radius 

WRA Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (DOS); 

weapons release authority

WRAIR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 

WRC World Radiocommunication Conference

WRL weapons release line

WRM war reserve materiel 

WRMS war reserve materiel stock 

WRR weapons response range (as well as wpns release rg)

WRS war reserve stock 

WRSA war reserve stocks for allies 

WRSK war readiness spares kit; war reserve spares kit

WS weather squadron

WSE weapon support equipment 

WSES surface effect ship (USCG) 

WSESRB Weapon System Explosive Safety Review Board 

WSM waterspace management

WSR weapon system reliability 

WSV weapons system video
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-187

WT warping tug; weight 

WTCA water terminal clearance authority 

WTCT weapons of mass destruction technical collection team

WTI weapons technical intelligence

WTLO water terminal logistic office 

Wu uncorrected sweep width 

WVRD World Vision Relief and Development, Inc. 

WWABNCP worldwide airborne command post 

WWII World War II 

WWSVCS Worldwide Secure Voice Conferencing System 

WWX worldwide express

WX weather 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-188 JP 1-02

X

X initial position error 

XCDS Extracted Container Delivery System

XCVR transceiver 

XMPP extensible messaging and presence protocol

XO executive officer 

XSB barrier single unit 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Abbreviations and Acronyms

JP 1-02 A-189

Y

Y search and rescue unit (SRU) error 

YR year 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 June 2015

A-190 JP 1-02

Z

Z zulu 

z effort 

ZF zone of fire 

Zt total available effort 

ZULU time zone indicator for Universal Time 
As Amended Through 15 June 2015

APPENDIX B

ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS

B-1

1. User Comments 

Users are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to the Directorate 

for Joint Force Development, J-7, Joint Doctrine and Education Division, Joint Doctrine 

Branch, ATTN: Chairman, US NATO Military Terminology Group, 7000 Joint Staff, 

Pentagon, Washington, DC 20318-7000; Tel (703) 692-7255, DSN 222-7255; Fax (703) 

692-5224, DSN 222-5224. All comments recommending modifications, deletions, or 

additions to terminology in JP 1-02 must be made in accordance with DODI 5025.12,

Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, and CJCSI 5705.01, 

Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology.

2. Authorship

The lead agent and the Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director 

for Joint Force Development (J-7).

3. Supersession

a. This publication supersedes JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military 

and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001. The terms and definitions in JP 1-02 will be updated 

on a monthly basis with modifications, deletions, or additions that have been approved in 

accordance with DODI 5025.12, and CJCSI 5705.01.

b. Record of Updates:

31 December 2010: JP 3-02.1, JP 3-07.2, and DODD 3025.18 added. 

31 January 2011: JP 3-68, JP 4-03, and SecDef Memo 12401-10 added.

15 April 2011: JP 2-01.2 added.

15 May 2011: JP 3-05 added.

15 July 2011: JP 3-08, JP 3-15, and JP 3-34 added.

15 August 2011: JP 3-0 and JP 5-0 added.

15 September 2011: JP 1-04 added.

15 October 2011: JP 3-03, JP 3-07, and JP 4-06 added.

15 November 2011: JP 1-0 added.
Appendix B As Amended Through 15 June 2015

B-2 JP 1-02

15 January 2012: JP 2-01, JP 3-13.2, JP 3-13.3, JP 3-15,1, JP 3-50, CJCSI 5120.02C, 

and CJCSM 5120.01 added.

15 February 2012: JP 3-13.1 and JP 3-13.4 added.

15 March 2012: JP 1-06 added.

15 April 2012: JP 3-01, JP 4-01.5, and JP 6-01 added.

15 July 2012: JP 3-41 and JP 4-01.2 added.

15 August 2012: JP 3-07.3, JP 3-33, and JP 4-02 added.

15 November 2012: JP 2-03 added.

15 December 2012: JP 3-04, JP 3-13, JP 3-18, JP 3-59, and JP 4-01.6 added.

15 February 2013: JP 3-12, JP 3-35, and JP 3-60 added.

15 March 2013: JP 4-08 added.

15 April 2013: JP 1 added.

15 June 2013: JP 3-14 and JP 4-01 added.

16 July 2013: JP 3-16 added.

15 August 2013: JP 3-07.4, JP 3-27, JP 3-28, and JP 3-32 added.

15 September 2013: JP 3-57 added.

15 October 2013: JP 3-11 and JP 3-17 added.

15 November 2013: JP 2-0 and JP 4-0 added.

15 December 2013: JP 1-05, JP 3-06, and JP 3-24 added.

15 January 2014: JP 3-29 and JP 4-09 added.

15 February 2014: JP 3-30 added.

15 March 2014: JP 4-05, JP 3-07.2, JP 3-31, and DODI 8260.03 added.

15 June 2014: JP 2-01.3 and DODI 1342.22 added.

16 July 2014: JP 3-05 and JP 4-10 added.
As Amended Through 15 June 2015 Administrative Instructions

B-3

15 August 2014: JP 3-02 added.

15 November 2014: JP 3-10, JP 3-26, JP 3-40, JP 3-52, and JP 3-63 added.

15 December 2014: JP 3-02.1, JP 3-09, JP 3-09.3, and JP 3-13.2 added.

15 January 2015: CJCSI 5120.02D and CJCSM 5120.01A added.

15 March 2015: DODI 6025.22, DODI 8500.01, and JP 2-01.2 Change 1 added.

15 June 2015: DODD 3000.10, DODI 8260.04, and JP 6-0 added.

4. Terms Removed or Replaced by the 15 June 2015 Amendment

Terms Removed or Replaced

Term Action Pub Rationale

active communications satellite Removed JP 6-0

Defined adequately 

elsewhere

capstone requirements document Removed JP 6-0 Not unique to JP 6-0

communicate Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

communications satellite Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

computer security Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

defense message system Removed JP 6-0 Not used

Department of Defense information 

networks Replaced JP 6-0

Replaced by 

“Department of 

Defense information 

network” and its 

definition

frequency management Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

Global Information Grid Removed JP 6-0 Not used

Global Network Operations Center Removed JP 6-0 Not used

immediate message Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

Military Affiliate Radio System Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

network operations Removed JP 6-0 Defined adequately 

elsewhere

traffic flow security Removed JP 6-0 Not used

Figure B-1. Terms Removed or Replaced
Appendix B As Amended Through 15 June 2015

B-4 JP 1-02

5. Terms Added, Sourced, or Modified by the 15 June 2015 Amendment

Terms Added, Sourced, or Modified

Term Action Publication

begin morning civil twilight Added JP 2-01.3

casualty rate Added DODI 8260.04

command and control system Modified JP 6-0

communications network Modified JP 6-0

configuration management Modified JP 6-0

contingency location Added DODD 3000.10

Defense Information Systems Network Modified JP 6-0

Defense Switched Network Modified JP 6-0

interoperability Modified JP 6-0

joint communications network Modified JP 6-0

joint network operations control center Modified JP 6-0

message Modified JP 6-0

signal operating instructions Modified JP 6-0

tactical data link Modified JP 6-0

transmission security Modified JP 6-0

Figure B-2. Terms Added, Sourced, or Modified

6. Terminology Commonly Used in Error

Terminology Commonly Used in Error

Correct Terminology Misused Terminology

military information support operations 

(MISO)

psychological operations (PSYOP)

lethal/nonlethal kinetic/nonkinetic

CCMD (combatant command) COCOM 

cyberspace cyber

DOD Information Network (DODIN) Global Information Grid (GIG)

create effects achieve effects

adversary (potentially hostile) enemy

enemy (demonstrably hostile) adversary

Figure B-3. Terminology Commonly Used in Error

7. Distribution

Joint Staff J-7 does not print copies of JP 1-02 for distribution. Electronic versions are 

available on JDEIS at https://jdeis.js.mil (NIPRNET) and https://jdeis.js.smil.mil

(SIPRNET) and on the JEL at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine (NIPRNET).