Joint Publication 1-02

Department of Defense

Dictionary of

Military and Associated Terms

8 November 2010

(As Amended Through

15 November 2012)

PREFACE

i 

1. Scope 

The Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated 

Terms sets forth standard US military and associated terminology to encompass the joint activity of 

the Armed Forces of the United States. These military and associated terms, together with their 

definitions, constitute approved Department of Defense (DOD) terminology for general use by all 

DOD components. 

2. Purpose 

This publication supplements standard English-language dictionaries and standardizes military 

and associated terminology to improve communication and mutual understanding within DOD, with 

other federal agencies, and among the United States and its allies. 

3. Application 

This publication applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Services, the Joint Staff, 

combatant commands, DOD agencies, and all other DOD components. It is the primary 

terminology source when preparing correspondence, to include policy, strategy, doctrine, and 

planning documents. Criteria for inclusion of terminology in JP 1-02 is enumerated in Department 

of Defense Instruction (DODI) 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, 

and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) 5705.01, Standardization of Military 

and Associated Terminology. 

4. Publication Format 

This edition of JP 1-02 has been published in two basic parts: 

a. Terms and definitions. These are annotated with the source publication. 

b. Abbreviations and acronyms. The source publication establishes the authoritative context 

for proper understanding and management of the associated term. 
Preface 

ii JP 1-02 

5. JP 1-02 Online Availability and Update Schedule 

JP 1-02 is accessible online as a searchable database and in PDF format at the following 

Internet address: http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary and at the following NIPRNET 

address: https://jdeis.js.mil. The contents of JP 1-02 are updated on a monthly basis to include any 

terminology additions, modifications, or deletions made within the previous calendar month in 

accordance with CJCSI 5705.01. 

For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: 

WILLIAM E. GORTNEY 

Vice Admiral, USN 

Director, Joint Staff 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii 

MAIN BODY . ........................................................................................................................................ 1 

APPENDIX 

 A Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................... A-1 

 B Administrative Instructions ............................................................................................... B-1
Table of Contents 

iv JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A 

JP 1-02 1 

acceptability — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the 

contemplated course of action is proportional, worth the cost, consistent with the law of 

war; and is militarily and politically supportable. See also adequacy; feasibility. 

 (JP 5-0) 

access — In counterintelligence and intelligence use, a. a way or means of approach to 

identify a target; or b. exploitable proximity to or ability to approach an individual, 

facility, or information that enables target to carry out the intended mission. (JP 2-01.2) 

access to classified information — The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of 

classified information by persons with the proper security clearance and a need to know 

of specified classified information. (JP 2-01) 

accompanying supplies — Unit supplies that deploy with forces. (JP 4-01.5) 

accountability — The obligation imposed by law or lawful order or regulation on an officer 

or other person for keeping accurate record of property, documents, or funds. See also

responsibility. (JP 4-01.5) 

acoustic intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection and processing of acoustic 

phenomena. Also called ACINT. (JP 2-0)

acquisition and cross-servicing agreement — Agreements negotiated on a bilateral basis 

with US allies or coalition partners that allow US forces to exchange most common 

types of support, including food, fuel, transportation, ammunition, and equipment. 

Authority to negotiate these agreements is usually delegated to the combatant 

commander by the Secretary of Defense. Authority to execute these agreements lies 

with the Secretary of Defense, and may or may not be delegated. Governed by legal 

guidelines, these agreements are used for contingencies, peacekeeping operations, 

unforeseen emergencies, or exercises to correct logistic deficiencies that cannot be 

adequately corrected by national means. The support received or given is reimbursed 

under the conditions of the acquisition and cross-servicing agreement. Also called 

ACSA. See also cross-servicing; servicing. (JP 4-08) 

actionable intelligence — Intelligence information that is directly useful to customers for 

immediate exploitation without having to go through the full intelligence production 

process. (JP 2-01.2) 

action phase — In amphibious operations, the period of time between the arrival of the 

landing forces of the amphibious force in the operational area and the accomplishment 

of their mission. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation; landing force; 

mission. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

2 JP 1-02 

activation — Order to active duty (other than for training) in the federal service. See also 

active duty; federal service. (JP 4-05) 

active air defense — Direct defensive action taken to destroy, nullify, or reduce the 

effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. See 

also air defense. (JP 3-01) 

active communications satellite — See communications satellite.

active defense — The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a 

contested area or position to the enemy. See also passive defense.

active duty — Full-time duty in the active military service of the United States. This 

includes members of the Reserve Component serving on active duty or full-time 

training duty, but does not include full-time National Guard duty. Also called AD. See 

also active duty for training; inactive duty training. (JP 4-05) 

active duty for special work — A tour of active duty for reserve personnel authorized from 

military and reserve personnel appropriations for work on active or reserve component 

programs. Also called ADSW. (JP 1-0) 

active duty for training — A tour of active duty which is used for training members of the 

Reserve Components to provide trained units and qualified persons to fill the needs of 

the Armed Forces in time of war or national emergency and such other times as the 

national security requires. The member is under orders that provide for return to nonactive status when the period of active duty for training is completed. This includes 

annual training, special tours of active duty for training, school tours, and the initial 

duty for training performed by nonprior service enlistees. Also called ADT.

Active Guard and Reserve — National Guard and Reserve members who are on voluntary 

active duty providing full-time support to National Guard, Reserve, and Active 

Component organizations for the purpose of organizing, administering, recruiting, 

instructing, or training the Reserve Components. Also called AGR. (CJCSM 3150.13) 

active status — Status of all Reserves except those on an inactive status list or in the 

Retired Reserve. Reservists in an active status may train for points and/or pay and may 

be considered for promotion. 

activity — 1. A unit, organization, or installation performing a function or mission. 2. A 

function, mission, action, or collection of actions. Also called ACT. (JP 3-0) 

act of mercy — In personnel recovery, assistance rendered to evaders by an individual or 

elements of the local population who sympathize or empathize with the evaders’ cause 

or plight. See also evader; evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 3 

acute radiation dose — Total ionizing radiation dose received at one time and over a 

period so short that biological recovery cannot occur. (JP 3-11) 

acute radiation syndrome — An acute illness caused by irradiation of the body by a high 

dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time. Also called ARS. (JP 3-11) 

Adaptive Planning and Execution system — A Department of Defense system of joint 

policies, processes, procedures, and reporting structures, supported by communications 

and information technology, that is used by the joint planning and execution 

community to monitor, plan, and execute mobilization, deployment, employment, 

sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization activities associated with joint 

operations. Also called APEX system. (JP 5-0)

adequacy — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the scope and 

concept of planned operations can accomplish the assigned mission and comply with 

the planning guidance provided. See also acceptability; feasibility. (JP 5-0) 

adjust — An order to the observer or spotter to initiate an adjustment on a designated target. 

administrative contracting officer — Contracting officer whose primary duties involve 

contract administration. Also called ACO. See also contracting officer; procuring 

contracting officer. (JP 4-10)

administrative control — Direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other 

organizations in respect to administration and support, including organization of 

Service forces, control of resources and equipment, personnel management, unit 

logistics, individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization, demobilization, 

discipline, and other matters not included in the operational missions of the subordinate 

or other organizations. Also called ADCON. (JP 1) 

administrative loading — A loading method that gives primary consideration to achieving 

maximum utilization of troop and cargo space without regard to tactical considerations. 

Equipment and supplies must be unloaded and sorted before they can be used. Also 

called commercial loading. (JP 3-02.1) 

advanced base — A base located in or near an operational area whose primary mission is to 

support military operations. (JP 3-34) 

advanced operations base — In special operations, a small temporary base established 

near or within a joint special operations area to command, control, and/or support 

training or tactical operations. Facilities are normally austere. The base may be ashore 

or afloat. If ashore, it may include an airfield or unimproved airstrip, a pier, or an 

anchorage. An advanced operations base is normally controlled and/or supported by a 

main operations base or a forward operations base. Also called AOB. See also

forward operations base; main operations base. (JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

4 JP 1-02 

advance force — A temporary organization within the amphibious task force which 

precedes the main body to the objective area, for preparing the objective for the main 

assault by conducting such operations as reconnaissance, seizure of supporting 

positions, mine countermeasures, preliminary bombardment, underwater demolitions, 

and air support. (JP 3-02) 

advance guard — Detachment sent ahead of the main force to ensure its uninterrupted 

advance; to protect the main body against surprise; to facilitate the advance by 

removing obstacles and repairing roads and bridges; and to cover the deployment of the 

main body if it is committed to action. (JP 3-07.2) 

adversary — A party acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against 

which the use of force may be envisaged. (JP 3-0) 

adversary template — A model based on an adversary’s known or postulated preferred 

methods of operation illustrating the disposition and activity of adversary forces and 

assets conducting a particular operation unconstrained by the impact of the operational 

environment. (JP 2-01.3) 

Aegis — A ship-based combat system that can detect, track, target, and engage air, surface, 

and subsurface threats, including ballistic missiles on some modified ships. (JP 3-01)

aerial port — An airfield that has been designated for the sustained air movement of 

personnel and materiel as well as an authorized port for entrance into or departure from 

the country where located. Also called APORT. See also port of debarkation; port 

of embarkation. (JP 3-17) 

aerial port squadron — An Air Force organization that operates and provides the functions 

assigned to aerial ports. (JP 4-01.5) 

aeromedical evacuation — The movement of patients under medical supervision to and 

between medical treatment facilities by air transportation. Also called AE. (JP 4-02) 

aeromedical evacuation control team — A core team assigned to a component-numbered 

air force, Air Force air and space operations center, or air mobility division that 

provides command and control of assigned aeromedical evacuation forces. Also called 

AECT. See also aeromedical evacuation; air mobility division. (JP 3-17) 

aeromedical evacuation unit — An operational medical organization concerned primarily 

with the management and control of patients being transported via an aeromedical 

evacuation system or system echelon. (JP 4-02) 

aeronautical chart — A specialized representation of mapped features of the Earth, or 

some part of it, produced to show selected terrain, cultural and hydrographic features, 

and supplemental information required for air navigation, pilotage, or for planning air 

operations. (JP 2-03) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 5 

aerospace defense — 1. All defensive measures designed to destroy or nullify attacking 

enemy aircraft and missiles and also negate hostile space systems. 2. An inclusive term 

encompassing air defense, ballistic missile defense, and space defense. See also air 

defense; space defense. (JP 3-27) 

afloat pre-positioning force — Shipping maintained in full operational status to afloat preposition military equipment and supplies in support of combatant commanders’ 

operation plans, consisting of the three maritime pre-positioning ships squadrons, the 

Army’s afloat pre-positioning stocks-3 ships, and the Defense Logistics Agency, and 

the Air Force ships. Also called APF. See also maritime pre-positioning ships. 

 (JP 4-01.2) 

afloat pre-positioning operations — Pre-positioning of ships, preloaded with equipment 

and supplies (including ammunition and petroleum) that provides for an alternative to 

land-based programs. This concept provides for ships and onboard force support 

equipment and supplies positioned near potential crisis areas that can be delivered 

rapidly to joint airlifted forces in the operational area. Afloat pre-positioning in 

forward areas enhances a force’s capability to respond to a crisis, resulting in faster 

reaction time. See also operation. (JP 4-01.6) 

agency — In intelligence usage, an organization or individual engaged in collecting and/or 

processing information. Also called collection agency. See also agent; intelligence 

process; source. (JP 2-01) 

agent — In intelligence usage, one who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in 

obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. (JP 2-01.2) 

aimpoint — 1. A point associated with a target and assigned for a specific weapon impact. 

May be defined descriptively (e.g., vent in center of roof), by grid reference, or 

geolocation. More specific classifications of aimpoint include desired point of impact, 

joint desired point of impact, and desired mean point of impact. 2. A prominent radarsignificant feature, for example a tip of land or bridge, used to assist an aircrew in 

navigating and delivering their weapons (usually in bad weather and/or at night). See 

also desired mean point of impact; desired point of impact. (JP 3-60) 

air and missile defense — Direct [active and passive] defensive actions taken to destroy, 

nullify, or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air and ballistic missile threats against 

friendly forces and assets. Also called AMD. (JP 3-01)

air and space expeditionary task force — A deployed numbered air force or command 

echelon immediately subordinate to a numbered air force provided as the United States 

Air Force component command committed to a joint operation. Also called AETF. 

(JP 3-30) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

6 JP 1-02 

air and space operations center — The senior agency of the Air Force component 

commander that provides command and control of Air Force air and space operations 

and coordinates with other components and Services. Also called AOC. (JP 3-30) 

air apportionment — The determination and assignment of the total expected effort by 

percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted to the various air operations for a 

given period of time. (JP 3-0) 

air assault — The movement of friendly assault forces (combat, combat support, and 

combat service support) by rotary-wing aircraft to engage and destroy enemy forces or 

to seize and hold key terrain. See also assault. (JP 3-18) 

air assault force — A force composed primarily of ground and rotary-wing air units 

organized, equipped, and trained for air assault operations. (JP 3-18) 

air assault operation — An operation in which assault forces (combat, combat support, and 

combat service support), using the mobility of rotary-wing assets and the total 

integration of available firepower, maneuver under the control of a ground or air 

maneuver commander to engage enemy forces or to seize and hold key terrain. 

(JP 3-18) 

airborne — 1. In relation to personnel, troops especially trained to effect, following 

transport by air, an assault debarkation, either by parachuting or touchdown. 2. In 

relation to equipment, pieces of equipment that have been especially designed for use 

by airborne troops during or after an assault debarkation. It also designates some 

aeronautical equipment used to accomplish a particular mission. 3. When applied to 

materiel, items that form an integral part of the aircraft. 4. The state of an aircraft, 

from the instant it becomes entirely sustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained. A 

lighter-than-air aircraft is not considered to be airborne when it is attached to the 

ground, except that moored balloons are airborne whenever sent aloft. Also called 

ABN. (JP 3-17) 

airborne alert — A state of aircraft readiness wherein combat-equipped aircraft are 

airborne and ready for immediate action to reduce reaction time and to increase 

survivability. See also combat air patrol; ground alert. (JP 3-01) 

airborne assault — See assault phase.

airborne early warning — The detection of enemy air or surface units by radar or other 

equipment carried in an airborne vehicle, and the transmitting of a warning to friendly 

units. Also called AEW. (JP 3-52) 

airborne lift — The total capacities expressed in terms of personnel and cargo that are, or 

can be, carried by available aircraft in one trip. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 7 

airborne mission coordinator — The designated individual that serves as an airborne 

extension of the component commander or supported commander responsible for the 

personnel recovery mission. Also called AMC. See also combat search and rescue; 

combat search and rescue task force; personnel recovery coordination cell. 

 (JP 3-50) 

airborne operation — An operation involving the air movement into an objective area of 

combat forces and their logistic support for execution of a tactical, operational, or 

strategic mission. The means employed may be any combination of airborne units, air 

transportable units, and types of transport aircraft, depending on the mission and the 

overall situation. See also assault; assault phase. (JP 3-18) 

airborne troops — Those ground units whose primary mission is to make assault landings 

from the air. 

air-breathing missile — A missile with an engine requiring the intake of air for combustion 

of its fuel, as in a ramjet or turbojet. (JP 3-01) 

air-capable ship — A ship other than aircraft carrier; aircraft carrier, nuclear; amphibious 

assault ship, landing platform helicopter; general purpose amphibious assault ship; or 

general purpose amphibious assault ship (with internal dock) from which aircraft can 

take off, be recovered, or routinely receive and transfer logistic support. See also 

aviation ship. (JP 3-04) 

air component coordination element — An Air Force component element that interfaces 

and provides liaison with the joint force land component commander, or commander 

Army forces. The air component coordination element is the senior Air Force element 

assisting the joint force land component commander, or commander Army forces in 

planning air component supporting and supported requirements. Also called ACCE. 

(JP 3-30) 

air corridor — A restricted air route of travel specified for use by friendly aircraft and 

established for the purpose of preventing friendly aircraft from being fired on by 

friendly forces. (JP 3-52) 

aircraft carrier — A warship designed to support and operate aircraft, engage in attacks on 

targets afloat or ashore, and engage in sustained operations in support of other forces. 

Designated as CV or CVN. CVN is nuclear powered. 

aircraft cross-servicing — (*) Services performed on an aircraft by an organization other 

than that to which the aircraft is assigned, according to an established operational 

aircraft cross-servicing requirement, and for which there may be a charge. Aircraft 

cross-servicing has been divided into two categories: a. Stage A cross-servicing: The 

servicing of an aircraft on an airfield/ship which enables the aircraft to be flown to 

another airfield/ship. b. Stage B cross-servicing: The servicing of an aircraft on an 

airfield/ship which enables the aircraft to be flown on an operational mission. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

8 JP 1-02 

aircraft loading table — A data sheet used by the airlift commander containing 

information as to the load that actually goes into each aircraft. 

aircraft tiedown — Securing aircraft when parked in the open to restrain movement due to 

the weather or condition of the parking area. 

air defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles 

in the atmosphere, or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. Also called 

AD. See also active air defense; aerospace defense; passive air defense. (JP 3-01) 

air defense area — 1. overseas — A specifically defined airspace for which air defense 

must be planned and provided. 2. United States — Airspace of defined dimensions 

designated by the appropriate agency within which the ready control of airborne 

vehicles is required in the interest of national security during an air defense emergency. 

(JP 3-01) 

air defense artillery — Weapons and equipment for actively combating air targets from the 

ground. Also called ADA. (JP 3-01) 

air defense identification zone — Airspace of defined dimensions within which the ready 

identification, location, and control of airborne vehicles are required. Also called

ADIZ. (JP 3-52) 

air defense region — A geographical subdivision of an air defense area. (JP 3-01) 

air defense sector — A geographical subdivision of an air defense region. (JP 3-01) 

air defense warning condition — An air defense warning given in the form of a color code 

corresponding to the degree of air raid probability with yellow standing for when an 

attack by hostile aircraft or missiles is probable; red for when an attack by hostile 

aircraft or missiles is imminent or is in progress; and white for when an attack by 

hostile aircraft or missiles is improbable. Also called ADWC. (JP 3-01) 

air delivery — See airdrop; airland; air movement. (JP 3-17) 

air domain — The atmosphere, beginning at the Earth’s surface, extending to the altitude 

where its effects upon operations become negligible. (JP 3-30) 

airdrop — The unloading of personnel or materiel from aircraft in flight. See also air 

movement; free drop; free fall; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) 

airfield — An area prepared for the accommodation (including any buildings, installations, 

and equipment), landing, and takeoff of aircraft. See also departure airfield; landing 

area; landing site. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 9 

Air Force special operations component — The Air Force component of a joint force 

special operations component. Also called AFSOC. See also Army special 

operations component; Navy special operations component. (JP 3-05.1) 

Air Force special operations detachment — A squadron-size headquarters that could be a 

composite organization composed of different Air Force special operations assets, 

normally subordinate to an Air Force special operations component. Also called

AFSOD. (JP 3-05) 

Air Force special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Air Force 

forces designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called AFSOF. (JP 3-05) 

airhead — 1. A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, 

when seized and held, ensures the continuous air landing of troops and materiel and 

provides the maneuver space necessary for projected operations. Normally it is the area 

seized in the assault phase of an airborne operation. (JP 3-18) 2. A designated location 

in an operational area used as a base for supply and evacuation by air. See also 

beachhead. (JP 3-17) 

airhead line — A line denoting the limits of the objective area for an airborne assault. The 

airhead line is bounded by assault objectives that are operationally located to ensure 

that enemy fires cannot be brought to bear on the main objective and for friendly forces 

to conduct defensive operations in depth. See also airhead; assault phase; objective 

area. (JP 3-18) 

air interdiction — Air operations conducted to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the 

enemy’s military surface capabilities before it can be brought to bear effectively against 

friendly forces, or to otherwise achieve objectives that are conducted at such distances 

from friendly forces that detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and 

movement of friendly forces is not required. (JP 3-03) 

airland — Move by air and disembark, or unload, after the aircraft has landed or while an 

aircraft is hovering. See also air movement. (JP 3-17) 

air land operation — An operation involving movement by air with a designated 

destination for further ground deployment of units and personnel and/or further ground 

distribution of supplies. See also airland. (JP 3-17) 

air liaison officer — The senior tactical air control party member attached to a ground unit 

who functions as the primary advisor to the ground commander on air power. An air 

liaison officer is usually an aeronautically rated officer. Also called ALO. See also 

liaison. (JP 3-09.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

10 JP 1-02 

airlift capability — The total capacity expressed in terms of number of passengers and/or 

weight/cubic displacement of cargo that can be carried at any one time to a given 

destination by available airlift. See also airlift requirement. (JP 3-17) 

airlift control team — A cell within the joint air operations center and one of the core teams 

in the air mobility division. The airlift control team brings intratheater airlift functional 

expertise from the theater organizations to plan, coordinate, manage, and execute 

intratheater airlift operations in the area of responsibility and joint operations area for the 

joint force air component commander. United States Transportation Command and Air 

Mobility Command may augment the airlift control team with intratheater airlift 

expertise. These two sources of airlift expertise integrate into a single airlift control 

team within the air mobility division. Also called ALCT. See also air and space 

operations center; air mobility division; intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) 

airlift mission commander — A commander designated when airlift aircraft are 

participating in airlift operations specified in the implementing directive. The airlift 

mission commander is usually designated by the commander of the deployed airlift 

unit, but may be selected by the Air Force component commander or joint force air 

component commander depending on the nature of the mission. See also joint force 

air component commander. (JP 3-17) 

airlift requirement — The total number of passengers and/or weight/cubic displacement of 

cargo required to be carried by air for a specific task. See also airlift capability. 

 (JP 3-17) 

airmiss — See near miss. 

air mobility — The rapid movement of personnel, materiel and forces to and from or within a 

theater by air. This includes both airlift and air refueling. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

Air Mobility Command — The Air Force component command of the US Transportation 

Command. Also called AMC. (JP 3-17) 

air mobility control team — A cell within the joint air operations center and one of the 

core teams in the air mobility division. The air mobility control team is the centralized 

source of air mobility command, control, and communications for the director of 

mobility forces during mission execution. The director of mobility forces uses the air 

mobility control team to direct (or redirect as required) air mobility forces in concert 

with other air and space forces to respond to requirement changes, higher priorities, or 

immediate execution limitations. The air mobility control team deconflicts all air 

mobility operations into, out of, and within the area of responsibility or joint operations 

area. The air mobility control team maintains execution process and communications 

connectivity for tasking, coordination, and flight with the joint air operations center’s 

combat operations division, subordinate air mobility units, and mission forces. Also 

called AMCT. See also air and space operations center; air mobility; air mobility 

division. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 11 

air mobility division — Located in the joint air operations center to plan, coordinate, task, 

and execute the air mobility mission. Consists of the air mobility control team, airlift 

control team, air refueling control team, and aeromedical evacuation control team. 

Coordinates with the joint force commander’s movement requirements and control 

authority, the theater air mobility operations control center, if established, and the Air 

Mobility Command’s tanker/airlift control center, as required. Also called AMD. See 

also air mobility; joint air operations center. (JP 3-17) 

air mobility liaison officer — An officer specially trained to implement the theater air 

control system and to advise on control of airlift assets. Also called AMLO. (JP 3-17) 

air movement — Air transport of units, personnel, supplies, and equipment including 

airdrops and air landings. See also airdrop; airland. (JP 3-17) 

airport — See airfield.

air refueling — The refueling of an aircraft in flight by another aircraft. Also called AR. 

(JP 3-17) 

air refueling control point — During refueling operations, the geographic point where the 

receiver arrives in the observation or precontact position with respect to the tanker. 

Also called ARCP. 

air refueling control team — A cell within the joint air operations center and one of the 

core teams in the air mobility division. Part of the air operations center that coordinates 

aerial refueling planning, tasking, and scheduling to support combat air operations or to 

support a strategic airbridge within the area of responsibility or joint area of operations. 

Also called ARCT. See also air and space operations center; air mobility division; 

air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

air refueling control time — During refueling operations, the time the receiver and tanker 

arrive at the air refueling control point. Also called ARCT. 

air refueling initiation point — During refueling operations, a point located upstream from 

the air refueling control point (inbound to the air refueling control point) where the 

receiver aircraft initiates the rendezvous. Also called ARIP.

air route — The navigable airspace between two points, identified to the extent necessary 

for the application of flight rules. (JP 3-52) 

air route traffic control center — The principal facility exercising en route control of 

aircraft operating under instrument flight rules within its area of jurisdiction. 

Approximately 26 such centers cover the United States and its possessions. Each has a 

communication capability to adjacent centers. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

12 JP 1-02 

air smuggling event — In counterdrug operations, the departure of a suspected drug 

smuggling aircraft, an airdrop of drugs, or the arrival of a suspected drug smuggling 

aircraft. (JP 3-07.4) 

air sovereignty — A nation’s inherent right to exercise absolute control and authority over 

the airspace above its territory. See also air sovereignty mission.

air sovereignty mission — The integrated tasks of surveillance and control, the execution 

of which enforces a nation’s authority over its territorial airspace. See also air 

sovereignty.

airspace control — A process used to increase operational effectiveness by promoting the 

safe, efficient, and flexible use of airspace. (JP 3-52) 

airspace control area — Airspace that is laterally defined by the boundaries of the 

operational area, and may be subdivided into airspace control sectors. (JP 3-01) 

airspace control authority — The commander designated to assume overall responsibility 

for the operation of the airspace control system in the airspace control area. Also called 

ACA. See also airspace control; airspace control area; airspace control system; 

control; operation. (JP 3-52) 

airspace control order — An order implementing the airspace control plan that provides 

the details of the approved requests for airspace coordinating measures. It is published 

either as part of the air tasking order or as a separate document. Also called ACO. 

 (JP 3-52) 

airspace control plan — The document approved by the joint force commander that 

provides specific planning guidance and procedures for the airspace control system for 

the joint force operational area. Also called ACP. See also airspace control system; 

joint force commander. (JP 3-52) 

airspace control procedures — Rules, mechanisms, and directions that facilitate the 

control and use of airspace of specified dimensions. See also airspace control 

authority; airspace control order; airspace control plan. (JP 3-52) 

airspace control sector — A sub-element of the airspace control area, established to 

facilitate the control of the overall area. Airspace control sector boundaries normally 

coincide with air defense organization subdivision boundaries. Airspace control sectors 

are designated in accordance with procedures and guidance contained in the airspace 

control plan in consideration of Service component, host nation, and multinational 

airspace control capabilities and requirements. See also airspace control area. 

 (JP 3-52) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 13 

airspace control system — An arrangement of those organizations, personnel, policies, 

procedures, and facilities required to perform airspace control functions. Also called 

ACS. (JP 3-52) 

airspace coordinating measures — Measures employed to facilitate the efficient use of 

airspace to accomplish missions and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly 

forces. Also called ACMs. See also airspace control area; airspace control sector; 

airspace coordination area; high-density airspace control zone; weapons 

engagement zone. (JP 3-52) 

airspace coordination area — A three-dimensional block of airspace in a target area, 

established by the appropriate ground commander, in which friendly aircraft are 

reasonably safe from friendly surface fires. The airspace coordination area may be 

formal or informal. Also called ACA. (JP 3-09.3) 

airspace management — The coordination, integration, and regulation of the use of 

airspace of defined dimensions. (JP 3-52) 

airspace reservation — The airspace located above an area on the surface of the land or 

water, designated and set apart by Executive Order of the President or by a state, 

commonwealth, or territory, over which the flight of aircraft is prohibited or restricted 

for the purpose of national defense or for other governmental purposes. 

air superiority — That degree of dominance in the air battle by one force that permits the 

conduct of its operations at a given time and place without prohibitive interference 

from air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) 

air support coordination section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy 

tactical air control center designated to coordinate, control, and integrate all direct 

support aircraft (i.e., close air support) and assault support operations. Also called 

ASCS. (JP 3-02)

air support operations center — The principal air control agency of the theater air control 

system responsible for the direction and control of air operations directly supporting the 

ground combat element. It coordinates air missions requiring integration with other 

supporting arms and ground forces. It normally collocates with the Army tactical 

headquarters senior fire support coordination center within the ground combat element. 

Also called ASOC. See also close air support; operation; tactical air control 

center. (JP 3-09.3) 

air support request — A means to request preplanned and immediate close air support, air 

interdiction, air reconnaissance, surveillance, escort, helicopter airlift, and other aircraft 

missions. Also called AIRSUPREQ. (JP 3-30) 

air supremacy — That degree of air superiority wherein the opposing force is incapable of 

effective interference within the operational area using air and missile threats. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

14 JP 1-02 

air tasking order — A method used to task and disseminate to components, subordinate 

units, and command and control agencies projected sorties, capabilities and/or forces to 

targets and specific missions. Normally provides specific instructions to include call 

signs, targets, controlling agencies, etc., as well as general instructions. Also called

ATO. (JP 3-30) 

air terminal — A facility on an airfield that functions as an air transportation hub and 

accommodates the loading and unloading of airlift aircraft and the intransit processing 

of traffic. The airfield may or may not be designated an aerial port. (JP 3-17) 

air traffic controller — An air controller specially trained and certified for civilian air 

traffic control. (JP 3-52) 

air traffic control section — In amphibious operations, the section of the Navy tactical air 

control center designed to provide initial safe passage, radar control, and surveillance 

for close air support aircraft in the operational area. Also called ATCS. (JP 3-02) 

airways station — A ground communication installation established, manned, and 

equipped to communicate with aircraft in flight, as well as with other designated 

airways installations, for the purpose of expeditious and safe movements of aircraft. 

These stations may or may not be located on designated airways. 

alert force — Specified forces maintained in a special degree of readiness. (JP 3-10) 

alerting service — A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft 

in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required. (JP 3-52) 

alert order — 1. A crisis action planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by 

the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that provides essential guidance for planning 

and directs the initiation of execution planning for the selected course of action 

authorized by the Secretary of Defense. 2. A planning directive that provides essential 

planning guidance, directs the initiation of execution planning after the directing 

authority approves a military course of action, but does not authorize execution. Also 

called ALERTORD. See also course of action; execution planning. (JP 5-0) 

all appropriate action — Action taken in self-defense that is reasonable in intensity, 

duration, and magnitude, based on all the facts known to the commander at the time. 

(JP 3-68) 

alliance — The relationship that results from a formal agreement between two or more 

nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the 

members. See also coalition; multinational. (JP 3-0) 

allocation —Distribution of limited forces and resources for employment among competing 

requirements. See also apportionment. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 15 

allocation request — A message used to provide an estimate of the total air effort, to 

identify any excess and joint force general support aircraft sorties, and to identify 

unfilled air requirements. This message is used only for preplanned missions and is 

transmitted on a daily basis, normally 24 hours prior to the start of the next air tasking 

day. Also called ALLOREQ. (JP 3-30) 

allotment — The temporary change of assignment of tactical air forces between subordinate 

commands. The authority to allot is vested in the commander having combatant 

command (command authority). See also combatant command (command 

authority). 

allowable cabin load — The maximum payload that can be carried on an individual sortie. 

Also called ACL. (JP 3-17) 

all-source intelligence — 1. Intelligence products and/or organizations and activities that 

incorporate all sources of information, most frequently including human intelligence, 

imagery intelligence, measurement and signature intelligence, signals intelligence, and 

open-source data in the production of finished intelligence. 2. In intelligence 

collection, a phrase that indicates that in the satisfaction of intelligence requirements, 

all collection, processing, exploitation, and reporting systems and resources are 

identified for possible use and those most capable are tasked. See also intelligence. 

(JP 2-0) 

American Forces Radio and Television Service — A worldwide radio and television 

broadcasting organization that provides United States military commanders overseas 

and at sea with sufficient electronic media resources to effectively communicate 

theater, local, Department of Defense, and Service-unique command information to 

their personnel and family members. Also called AFRTS. (JP 3-61) 

ammunition controlled supply rate — In Army usage, the amount of ammunition 

estimated to be available to sustain operations of a designated force for a specified time 

if expenditures are controlled at that rate. It is expressed in terms of rounds per weapon 

per day for ammunition items fired by weapons, and in terms of units of measure per 

organization per day for bulk allotment ammunition items. Tactical commanders use 

this rate to control expenditures of ammunition during tactical operations at planned 

intervals. It is issued through command channels at each level. It is determined based 

on consideration of the required supply rates submitted by subordinate commanders 

and ammunition assets available. 

ammunition lot — A quantity of homogeneous ammunition, identified by a unique lot 

number, which is manufactured, assembled, or renovated by one producer under 

uniform conditions and which is expected to function in a uniform manner. (JP 3-04) 

ammunition supply point — See distribution point.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

16 JP 1-02 

amphibian — A small craft, propelled by propellers and wheels or by air cushions for the 

purpose of moving on both land and water. (JP 4-01.6) 

amphibious assault — The principal type of amphibious operation that involves 

establishing a force on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also assault; assault 

phase. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious assault ship (general purpose) — A naval ship designed to embark, deploy, and 

land elements of a landing force in an assault by helicopters, landing craft, amphibious 

vehicles, and by combinations of these methods. Also called LHA. (JP 3-04) 

amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) — A naval ship designed to embark, deploy, and 

land elements of a landing force in an assault by helicopters, landing craft, amphibious 

vehicles, and by combinations of these methods. Also called LHD. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious aviation assault ship — An amphibious assault ship, landing platform 

helicopter; general purpose amphibious assault ship; or general purpose amphibious 

assault ship (with internal dock). (JP 3-04) 

amphibious breaching — The conduct of a deliberate breaching operation specifically 

designed to overcome antilanding defenses in order to conduct an amphibious assault. 

(JP 3-02) 

amphibious bulk liquid transfer system — Hosereel system providing capability to 

deliver fuel and/or water from ship to shore. System includes 10,000 feet of 6" buoyant 

hose for fuel, and 10,000 ft of 4" buoyant hose for water. System are deployed on 

Maritime Pre-positioning Ships Squadrons, and are normally used in direct support of 

maritime pre-positioning force operations. Also called ABLTS. (JP 4-01.6) 

amphibious construction battalion — A permanently commissioned naval unit, 

subordinate to the commander, naval beach group, designed to provide an 

administrative unit from which personnel and equipment are formed in tactical 

elements and made available to appropriate commanders to operate pontoon 

causeways, transfer barges, warping tugs, and assault bulk fuel systems, and to meet 

salvage requirements of the naval beach party. Also called PHIBCB. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious defense zone — The area encompassing the amphibious objective area and the 

adjoining airspace required by accompanying naval forces for the purpose of air 

defense. Also called an ADZ. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious demonstration — A type of amphibious operation conducted for the purpose 

of deceiving the enemy by a show of force with the expectation of deluding the enemy 

into a course of action unfavorable to him. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 17 

amphibious force — An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces 

that are trained, organized, and equipped for amphibious operations. Also called AF. See 

also amphibious operation; amphibious task force; landing force. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious lift — The total capacity of assault shipping utilized in an amphibious 

operation, expressed in terms of personnel, vehicles, and measurement or weight tons 

of supplies. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious objective area — A geographical area (delineated for command and control 

purposes in the initiating directive) within which is located the objective(s) to be 

secured by the amphibious force. This area must be of sufficient size to ensure 

accomplishment of the amphibious force’s mission and must provide sufficient area for 

conducting necessary sea, air, and land operations. Also called AOA. See also 

amphibious force; mission. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious operation — A military operation launched from the sea by an amphibious 

force, embarked in ships or craft with the primary purpose of introducing a landing 

force ashore to accomplish the assigned mission. See also amphibious force; landing 

force; mission; operation. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious planning — The process of planning for an amphibious operation, 

distinguished by the necessity for concurrent, parallel, and detailed planning by all 

participating forces. The planning pattern is cyclical in nature, composed of a series of 

analyses and judgments of operational situations, each stemming from those that have 

preceded. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious raid — A type of amphibious operation involving swift incursion into or 

temporary occupation of an objective followed by a planned withdrawal. See also

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious shipping — Organic Navy ships specifically designed to transport, land, and 

support landing forces in amphibious assault operations and capable of being loaded or 

unloaded by naval personnel without external assistance in the amphibious objective 

area. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious squadron — A tactical and administrative organization composed of 

amphibious assault shipping to transport troops and their equipment for an amphibious 

assault operation. Also called PHIBRON. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious task force — A Navy task organization formed to conduct amphibious 

operations. The amphibious task force, together with the landing force and other 

forces, constitutes the amphibious force. Also called ATF. See also amphibious 

force; amphibious operation; landing force. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious tractor — See amphibious vehicle.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

18 JP 1-02 

amphibious transport dock — A ship designed to transport and land troops, equipment, 

and supplies by means of embarked landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and helicopters. 

Designated as LPD. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious transport group — A subdivision of an amphibious task force composed 

primarily of transport ships. The size of the transport group will depend upon the scope 

of the operation. Ships of the transport group will be combat-loaded to support the 

landing force scheme of maneuver ashore. A transport unit will usually be formed to 

embark troops and equipment to be landed over a designated beach or to embark all 

helicopter-borne troops and equipment. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious vehicle — A wheeled or tracked vehicle capable of operating on both land and 

water. See also landing craft. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious vehicle availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of 

amphibious vehicles available primarily for assault landings and for support of other 

elements of the operation. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious vehicle employment plan — A plan showing in tabular form the planned 

employment of amphibious vehicles in landing operations, including their employment 

after the initial movement to the beach. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious vehicle launching area — An area, in the vicinity of and to seaward of the line of 

departure, to which landing ships proceed and launch amphibious vehicles. (JP 3-02) 

amphibious withdrawal — A type of amphibious operation involving the extraction of 

forces by sea in ships or craft from a hostile or potentially hostile shore. See also 

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

analysis and production — In intelligence usage, the conversion of processed information 

into intelligence through the integration, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of all 

source data and the preparation of intelligence products in support of known or 

anticipated user requirements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

anchorage — A specified location for anchoring or mooring a vessel in-stream or offshore. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

annual screening — One day of active duty for training required each year for Individual 

Ready Reserve members so the Services can keep current on each member’s physical 

condition, dependency status, military qualifications, civilian occupational skills, 

availability for service, and other information. 

annual training — The minimal period of training reserve members must perform each 

year to satisfy the training requirements associated with their Reserve Component 

assignment. Also called AT.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 19 

antemortem data — Medical records, samples, and photographs taken prior to death. 

These include (but are not limited to) fingerprints, dental x-rays, body tissue samples, 

photographs of tattoos, or other identifying marks. These “pre-death” records would be 

compared against records completed after death to help establish a positive 

identification of human remains. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) 

antideficiency violations — The incurring of obligations or the making of expenditure 

(outlays) in violation of appropriation law as to purpose, time, and amounts as specified 

in the defense appropriation or appropriations of funds. (JP 1-06) 

antiradiation missile — A missile which homes passively on a radiation source. Also 

called ARM. See also guided missile. (JP 3-01) 

antisubmarine warfare — (*) Operations conducted with the intention of denying the 

enemy the effective use of submarines. Also called ASW.

antisubmarine warfare forces — Forces organized primarily for antisubmarine action. 

May be composed of surface ships, aircraft, submarines, or any combination of these, 

and their supporting systems. (JP 3-32) 

antiterrorism — Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and 

property to terrorist acts, to include rapid containment by local military and civilian 

forces. Also called AT. See also counterterrorism; terrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

anti-vehicle land mine — A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a vehicle. Also called 

AVL. (JP 3-15) 

application — 1. The system or problem to which a computer is applied. Reference is often 

made to an application as being either of the computational type (arithmetic 

computations predominate) or of the data processing type (data handling operations 

predominate). 2. In the intelligence context, the direct extraction and tailoring of 

information from an existing foundation of intelligence and near real time reporting. It 

is focused on and meets specific, narrow requirements, normally on demand. (JP 2-0) 

apportionment — In the general sense, distribution of forces and capabilities as the starting 

point for planning, etc. See also allocation. (JP 5-0) 

approach schedule — In amphibious operations, this schedule indicates, for each 

scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the line of 

departure, and from other control points and the time of arrival at the beach. (JP 3-02) 

approach time — The time at which an aircraft is expected to commence approach 

procedure. 

apron — A defined area on an airfield intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of 

loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance. (JP 3-34) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

20 JP 1-02 

area air defense commander — The component commander with the preponderance of air 

defense capability and the required command, control, and communications capabilities 

who is assigned by the joint force commander to plan and execute integrated air 

defense operations. Also called AADC. (JP 3-01) 

area command — A command which is composed of those organized elements of one or 

more of the Armed Services, designated to operate in a specific geographical area, 

which are placed under a single commander. See also command. (JP 3-10) 

area damage control — Measures taken before, during, or after hostile action or natural or 

manmade disasters, to reduce the probability of damage and minimize its effects. Also 

called ADC. (JP 3-10) 

area of influence — A geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of 

influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems normally under the 

commander’s command or control. (JP 3-0) 

area of interest — That area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, 

areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory. This area also includes areas 

occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission. 

Also called AOI. See also area of influence. (JP 3-0) 

area of operations — An operational area defined by the joint force commander for land 

and maritime forces that should be large enough to accomplish their missions and 

protect their forces. Also called AO. See also area of responsibility; joint operations 

area; joint special operations area. (JP 3-0) 

area of responsibility — The geographical area associated with a combatant command 

within which a geographic combatant commander has authority to plan and conduct 

operations. Also called AOR. See also combatant command. (JP 1) 

area operations — (*) In maritime usage, operations conducted in a geographical area and 

not related to the protection of a specific force. 

area search — Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas. (JP 3-50) 

area target — (*) A target consisting of an area rather than a single point. 

Armed Forces of the United States — A term used to denote collectively all components 

of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard (when mobilized under 

Title 10, United States Code to augment the Navy). See also United States Armed 

Forces. (JP 1) 

arming — As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition, the changing from a safe 

condition to a state of readiness for initiation. (JP 3-15) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 21 

arm or de-arm — Applies to those procedures in the arming or de-arming section of the 

applicable aircraft loading manual or checklist that places the ordnance or explosive 

device in a ready or safe condition i.e., rocket launchers, guided missiles, guns — 

internal and pods, paraflares — (external and SUU-44/25 dispenser). (NOTE: The 

removal or installation of pylon or bomb rack safety pins from a nonordnance-loaded 

station is considered a function requiring certification within the purview of this 

publication.) See also arming; de-arming; ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

arms control agreement — The written or unwritten embodiment of the acceptance of one 

or more arms control measures by two or more nations. (JP 2-01) 

Army air-ground system — The Army system which provides for interface between Army 

and tactical air support agencies of other Services in the planning, evaluating, 

processing, and coordinating of air support requirements and operations. It is 

composed of appropriate staff members, including G-2 air and G-3 air personnel, and 

necessary communication equipment. Also called AAGS. (JP 3-09) 

Army corps — An intermediate headquarters between divisions and the theater army. A 

corps may consist of two or more divisions together with supporting brigades. Corps 

headquarters are capable of serving as either a joint task force or joint force land 

component command headquarters. (JP 3-31) 

Army Service component command — Command responsible for recommendations to 

the joint force commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a 

combatant command. Also called ASCC. (JP 3-31) 

Army space support team — A team of space operations experts provided by the 

Commander, US Army Forces Strategic Command upon request of an Army 

component commander or a geographic combatant commander to assist the supported 

commander in integrating space power into the terrestrial operation or campaign. Also 

called ARSST. See also space; space power; space support. (JP 3-14) 

Army special operations component — The Army component of a joint force special 

operations component. Also called ARSOC. See also Air Force special operations 

component; Navy special operations component. (JP 3-05.1) 

Army special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Army forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called ARSOF. (JP 3-05) 

Army support area — The specific support area for a theater Army that is outside of a 

division or corps’s operational area established primarily for the positioning, 

employment, and protection of theater support units; and where the majority of the 

sustaining operations occur. (JP 3-31)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

22 JP 1-02 

arrival zone — In counterdrug operations, the area in or adjacent to the United States where 

smuggling concludes and domestic distribution begins (by air, an airstrip; by sea, an 

offload point on land, or transfer to small boats). See also transit zone. (JP 3-07.4) 

ascent phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle that begins 

after powered flight and ends just prior to apogee. (JP 3-01)

assault — 1. The climax of an attack, closing with the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. 2. 

In an amphibious operation, the period of time between the arrival of the major assault 

forces of the amphibious task force in the objective area and the accomplishment of the 

amphibious task force mission. (JP 3-02) 3. To make a short, violent, but well-ordered 

attack against a local objective, such as a gun emplacement, a fort, or a machine gun 

nest. 4. A phase of an airborne operation beginning with delivery by air of the assault 

echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of assault 

objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault phase. (JP 3-18) 

assault breaching — A part of amphibious breaching in support of an amphibious assault 

involving a fire support mission using precision guided munitions to neutralize mines 

and obstacles in the surf zone and on the beach. (JP 3-02)

assault craft — A landing craft or amphibious vehicle primarily employed for landing 

troops and equipment in the assault waves of an amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

assault craft unit — A permanently commissioned naval organization, subordinate to the 

commander, naval beach group, that contains landing craft and crews necessary to 

provide lighterage required in an amphibious operation. Also called ACU. (JP 3-02) 

assault echelon — In amphibious operations, the element of a force comprised of tailored 

units and aircraft assigned to conduct the initial assault on the operational area. Also 

called AE. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

assault fire — 1. That fire delivered by attacking troops as they close with the enemy. 2. In 

artillery, extremely accurate, short-range destruction fire at point targets. 

assault follow-on echelon — In amphibious operations, that echelon of the assault troops, 

vehicles, aircraft, equipment, and supplies that, though not needed to initiate the assault, 

is required to support and sustain the assault. In order to accomplish its purpose, it is 

normally required in the objective area no later than five days after commencement of 

the assault landing. Also called AFOE. (JP 3-02) 

assault phase — In an airborne operation, a phase beginning with delivery by air of the 

assault echelon of the force into the objective area and extending through attack of 

assault objectives and consolidation of the initial airhead. See also assault. (JP 3-18) 

assault schedule — In amphibious operations, this schedule provides the formation, 

composition, and timing of waves landing over the beach. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 23 

assault shipping — Shipping assigned to the amphibious task force and utilized for 

transporting assault troops, vehicles, equipment, and supplies to the objective area. 

(JP 3-02) 

assault wave — See wave.

assembly area — 1. An area in which a command is assembled preparatory to further 

action. 2. In a supply installation, the gross area used for collecting and combining 

components into complete units, kits, or assemblies. (JP 4-09) 

assessment — 1. A continuous process that measures the overall effectiveness of employing 

joint force capabilities during military operations. 2. Determination of the progress 

toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or achieving an objective. 3. 

Analysis of the security, effectiveness, and potential of an existing or planned 

intelligence activity. 4. Judgment of the motives, qualifications, and characteristics of 

present or prospective employees or “agents.” (JP 3-0) 

assessment agent — The organization responsible for conducting an assessment of an 

approved joint publication. Also called AA. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

asset (intelligence) — Any resource — person, group, relationship, instrument, installation, 

or supply — at the disposition of an intelligence organization for use in an operational 

or support role. Often used with a qualifying term such as agent asset or propaganda 

asset. (JP 2-0) 

asset validation — In intelligence use, the process used to determine the asset authenticity, 

reliability, utility, suitability, and degree of control the case officer or others have. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

asset visibility — Provides users with information on the location, movement, status, and 

identity of units, personnel, equipment, and supplies. It facilitates the capability to act 

upon that information to improve overall performance of the Department of Defense’s 

logistics practices. Also called AV. (JP 3-35) 

assign — 1. To place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is 

relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units 

or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or 

personnel. 2. To detail individuals to specific duties or functions where such duties or 

functions are primary and/or relatively permanent. See also attach. (JP 3-0) 

assistance in kind — The provision of material and services for a logistic exchange of 

materials and services of equal value between the governments of eligible countries. 

Also called AIK. (JP 1-06) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

24 JP 1-02 

assumption — A supposition on the current situation or a presupposition on the future 

course of events, either or both assumed to be true in the absence of positive proof, 

necessary to enable the commander in the process of planning to complete an estimate 

of the situation and make a decision on the course of action. (JP 5-0) 

asymmetric — In military operations the application of dissimilar strategies, tactics, 

capabilities, and methods to circumvent or negate an opponent’s strengths while 

exploiting his weaknesses. (JP 3-15.1)

atmospheric environment — The envelope of air surrounding the Earth, including its 

interfaces and interactions with the Earth’s solid or liquid surface. (JP 3-59) 

atomic weapon — See nuclear weapon.

at sea — Includes the following maritime areas: foreign internal waters, archipelagic 

waters, and territorial seas; foreign contiguous zones; foreign exclusive economic 

zones; the high seas; and US-exclusive economic zone, territorial sea, and internal 

waters. (JP 3-32) 

attach — 1. The placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is 

relatively temporary. 2. The detailing of individuals to specific functions where such 

functions are secondary or relatively temporary. See also assign. (JP 3-0) 

attack assessment — An evaluation of information to determine the potential or actual 

nature and objectives of an attack for the purpose of providing information for timely 

decisions. See also damage estimation. (JP 3-14) 

attack group — A subordinate task organization of the Navy forces of an amphibious task 

force. It is composed of assault shipping and supporting naval units designated to 

transport, protect, land, and initially support a landing group. (JP 3-02) 

attack heading — 1. The interceptor heading during the attack phase that will achieve the 

desired track-crossing angle. 2. The assigned magnetic compass heading to be flown 

by aircraft during the delivery phase of an air strike. (JP 3-09.3) 

attack pattern — The type and distribution of targets under attack. See also attack 

assessment.

attack position — The last position occupied by the assault echelon before crossing the line 

of departure. 

attack the network operations — Lethal and nonlethal actions and operations against 

networks conducted continuously and simultaneously at multiple levels (tactical, 

operational, and strategic) that capitalize on or create key vulnerabilities and disrupt 

activities to eliminate the enemy’s ability to function in order to enable success of the 

operation or campaign. Also called AtN operations. (JP 3-15.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 25 

attack timing — The predicted or actual time of bursts, impacts, or arrival of weapons at 

their intended targets. 

augmentation forces — Forces to be transferred from a supporting combatant commander 

to the combatant command (command authority) or operational control of a supported 

combatant commander during the execution of an operation order approved by the 

President and Secretary of Defense. (JP 5-0) 

authenticate — A challenge given by voice or electrical means to attest to the authenticity 

of a person, message, or transmission. (JP 3-50) 

authentication — 1. A security measure designed to protect a communications system 

against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or simulation by establishing the 

validity of a transmission, message, or originator. 2. A means of identifying individuals 

and verifying their eligibility to receive specific categories of information. 3. Evidence 

by proper signature or seal that a document is genuine and official. 4. In personnel 

recovery missions, the process whereby the identity of an isolated person is confirmed. 

See also evader; evasion; recovery operations; security. (JP 3-50) 

authenticator — A symbol or group of symbols, or a series of bits, selected or derived in a 

prearranged manner and usually inserted at a predetermined point within a message or 

transmission for the purpose of attesting to the validity of the message or transmission. 

(JP 3-13.3) 

authorized departure — A procedure, short of ordered departure, by which mission 

employees or dependents or both, are permitted to leave post in advance of normal 

rotation when the national interests or imminent threat to life require it. (JP 3-68) 

automated identification technology — A suite of tools for facilitating total asset visibility 

source data capture and transfer. Automated identification technology includes a 

variety of devices, such as bar codes, magnetic strips, optical memory cards, and radio 

frequency tags for marking or “tagging” individual items, multi-packs, equipment, air 

pallets, or containers, along with the hardware and software required to create the 

devices, read the information on them, and integrate that information with other logistic 

information. Also called AIT. (JP 3-35) 

Automated Repatriation Reporting System — The Defense Manpower Data Center uses 

this system to track the status of noncombatant evacuees after they have arrived in an 

initial safe haven in the United States. (JP 3-68) 

automatic approach and landing — A control mode in which the aircraft’s speed and 

flight path are automatically controlled for approach, flare-out, and landing. (JP 3-52) 

automation network — The automation network combines all of the information 

collection devices, automatic identification technologies, and the automated 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

26 JP 1-02 

information systems that either support or facilitate the joint reception, staging, onward 

movement, and integration process. See also automated identification technology; 

joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration. (JP 3-35) 

autonomous operation — In air defense, the mode of operation assumed by a unit after it 

has lost all communications with higher echelonsforcing the unit commander to assume 

full responsibility for control of weapons and engagement of hostile targets. (JP 3-01) 

available-to-load date — A date specified for each unit in a time-phased force and 

deployment data indicating when that unit will be ready to load at the point of 

embarkation. Also called ALD. (JP 5-0) 

avenue of approach — An air or ground route of an attacking force of a given size leading 

to its objective or to key terrain in its path. Also called AA. (JP 2-01.3) 

aviation medicine — The special field of medicine which is related to the biological and 

psychological problems of flight. (JP 4-02) 

aviation ship — An aircraft carrier. See also air-capable ship; amphibious aviation 

assault ship. (JP 3-04) 

axis of advance — A line of advance assigned for purposes of control; often a road or a 

group of roads, or a designated series of locations, extending in the direction of the 

enemy. (JP 3-03) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

B 

JP 1-02 27 

backfill — Reserve Component units and individuals recalled to replace deploying active 

units and/or individuals in the continental United States and outside the continental 

United States. See also Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) 

backshore — The area of a beach extending from the limit of high water foam lines to 

dunes or extreme inland limit of the beach. (JP 4-01.6) 

backwash — An even layer of water that moves along the sea floor from the beach through 

the surf zone and caused by the pile-up of water on the beach from incoming breakers. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

bale cubic capacity — The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside of 

the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the underside of the beams. (JP 4-01.2) 

ballistic missile — Any missile which does not rely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce 

lift and consequently follows a ballistic trajectory when thrust is terminated. See also

guided missile. (JP 3-01) 

ballistic missile early warning system — An electronic system for providing detection and 

early warning of attack by enemy intercontinental ballistic missiles. Also called 

BMEWS. (JP 3-14) 

bar — A submerged or emerged embankment of sand, gravel, or mud created on the sea 

floor in shallow water by waves and currents. A bar may be composed of mollusk 

shells. (JP 4-01.6) 

bare base — A base having minimum essential facilities to house, sustain, and support 

operations to include, if required, a stabilized runway, taxiways, and aircraft parking 

areas. A bare base must have a source of water that can be made potable. Other 

requirements to operate under bare base conditions form a necessary part of the force 

package deployed to the bare base. See also base. (JP 3-05.1) 

barge — A flat-bed, shallow-draft vessel with no superstructure that is used for the 

transport of cargo and ships’ stores or for general utility purposes. See also watercraft. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

barrage — 1. A prearranged barrier of fires, except that delivered by small arms, designed 

to protect friendly troops and installations by impeding enemy movements across 

defensive lines or areas. 2. A type of electronic attack intended for simultaneous 

jamming over a wide area of frequency spectrum. See also electronic warfare; fires.

barrier — A coordinated series of natural or man-made obstacles designed or employed to 

channel, direct, restrict, delay, or stop the movement of an opposing force and to impose 

additional losses in personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

28 JP 1-02 

barrier combat air patrol — One or more divisions or elements of fighter aircraft 

employed between a force and an objective area as a barrier across the probable 

direction of enemy attack. See also combat air patrol. (JP 3-01) 

barrier, obstacle, and mine warfare plan — A comprehensive, coordinated plan that 

includes responsibilities; general location of unspecified and specific barriers, 

obstacles, and minefields; special instructions; limitations; coordination; and 

completion times; and may designate locations of obstacle zones or belts. (JP 3-15) 

base — 1. A locality from which operations are projected or supported. 2. An area or 

locality containing installations which provide logistic or other support. 3. Home 

airfield or home carrier. See also facility. (JP 4-0) 

base boundary — A line that delineates the surface area of a base for the purpose of 

facilitating coordination and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, 

formations, or areas. (JP 3-10) 

base cluster — In base defense operations, a collection of bases, geographically grouped for 

mutual protection and ease of command and control. (JP 3-10) 

base cluster commander — In base defense operations, a senior base commander 

designated by the joint force commander responsible for coordinating the defense of 

bases within the base cluster and for integrating defense plans of bases into a base 

cluster defense plan. (JP 3-10) 

base cluster operations center — A command and control facility that serves as the base 

cluster commander’s focal point for defense and security of the base cluster. Also 

called BCOC. (JP 3-10) 

base commander — In base defense operations, the officer assigned to command a base. 

(JP 3-10) 

base defense — The local military measures, both normal and emergency, required to 

nullify or reduce the effectiveness of enemy attacks on, or sabotage of, a base, to ensure 

that the maximum capacity of its facilities is available to US forces. (JP 3-10) 

base defense forces — Troops assigned or attached to a base for the primary purpose of 

base defense and security as well as augmentees and selectively armed personnel 

available to the base commander for base defense from units performing primary 

missions other than base defense. (JP 3-10) 

base defense operations center — A command and control facility, with responsibilities 

similar to a base cluster operations center, established by the base commander to serve 

as the focal point for base security and defense. It plans, directs, integrates, 

coordinates, and controls all base defense efforts. Also called BDOC. (JP 3-10) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 29 

base defense zone — An air defense zone established around an air base and limited to the 

engagement envelope of short-range air defense weapons systems defending that base. 

Base defense zones have specific entry, exit, and identification, friend or foe procedures 

established. Also called BDZ. (JP 3-52) 

base development (less force beddown) — The acquisition, development, expansion, 

improvement, construction and/or replacement of the facilities and resources of a 

location to support forces. (JP 3-34) 

baseline costs — The continuing annual costs of military operations funded by the 

operations and maintenance and military personnel appropriations. (JP 1-06) 

base plan — A type of operation plan that describes the concept of operations, major forces, 

sustainment concept, and anticipated timelines for completing the mission without 

annexes or time-phased force and deployment data. Also called BPLAN. (JP 5-0) 

base support installation — A Department of Defense Service or agency installation 

within the United States and its possessions and territories tasked to serve as a base for 

military forces engaged in either homeland defense or civil support operations. Also 

called BSI. (JP 3-28) 

basic encyclopedia — A compilation of identified installations and physical areas of 

potential significance as objectives for attack. Also called BE. (JP 2-01) 

basic load — The quantity of supplies required to be on hand within, and which can be 

moved by, a unit or formation. It is expressed according to the wartime organization of 

the unit or formation and maintained at the prescribed levels. (JP 4-09) 

basic tactical organization — The conventional organization of landing force units for 

combat, involving combinations of infantry, supporting ground arms, and aviation for 

accomplishment of missions ashore. This organizational form is employed as soon as 

possible following the landing of the various assault components of the landing force. 

battalion landing team — In an amphibious operation, an infantry battalion normally 

reinforced by necessary combat and service elements; the basic unit for planning an 

assault landing. Also called BLT. (JP 3-02) 

battle damage assessment — The estimate of damage composed of physical and functional 

damage assessment, as well as target system assessment, resulting from the application 

of lethal or nonlethal military force. Also called BDA. See also combat assessment. 

(JP 3-0) 

battle damage repair — Essential repair, which may be improvised, carried out rapidly in a 

battle environment in order to return damaged or disabled equipment to temporary 

service. Also called BDR. (JP 4-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

30 JP 1-02 

battlefield coordination detachment — An Army liaison located in the air operations 

center that provides selected operational functions between the Army forces and the air 

component commander. Also called BCD. See also air and space operations center; 

liaison. (JP 3-03) 

battle force — A standing operational naval task force organization of carriers, surface 

combatants, and submarines assigned to numbered fleets. A battle force is subdivided 

into battle groups. 

battle injury — Damage or harm sustained by personnel during or as a result of battle 

conditions. Also called BI. (JP 4-02) 

battle management — The management of activities within the operational environment 

based on the commands, direction, and guidance given by appropriate authority. Also 

called BM. (JP 3-01) 

beach — 1. The area extending from the shoreline inland to a marked change in 

physiographic form or material, or to the line of permanent vegetation (coastline). 2. In 

amphibious operations, that portion of the shoreline designated for landing of a tactical 

organization. (JP 3-02) 

beach group — See naval beach group; shore party.

beachhead — A designated area on a hostile or potentially hostile shore that, when seized 

and held, ensures the continuous landing of troops and materiel, and provides maneuver 

space requisite for subsequent projected operations ashore. (JP 3-02) 

beach marker — A sign or device used to identify a beach or certain activities thereon for 

incoming waterborne traffic. Markers may be panels, lights, buoys, or electronic 

devices. 

beachmaster unit — A commissioned naval unit of the naval beach group designed to 

provide to the shore party a Navy component known as a beach party, which is capable 

of supporting the amphibious landing of one division (reinforced). Also called BMU. 

See also beach party; naval beach group; shore party. (JP 4-01.6) 

beach party — The Navy component of the landing force support party under the tactical 

control of the landing force support party commander. See also beachmaster unit; 

shore party. (JP 3-02) 

beach party commander — The naval officer in command of the naval component of the 

shore party. 

beach photography — Vertical, oblique, ground, and periscope coverage at varying scales 

to provide information of offshore, shore, and inland areas. It covers terrain that 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 31 

provides observation of the beaches and is primarily concerned with the geological and 

tactical aspects of the beach. 

beach support area — In amphibious operations, the area to the rear of a landing force or 

elements thereof, established and operated by shore party units, which contains the 

facilities for the unloading of troops and materiel and the support of the forces ashore; it 

includes facilities for the evacuation of wounded, enemy prisoners of war, and captured 

materiel. Also called BSA. (JP 3-02) 

beach survey — The collection of data describing the physical characteristics of a beach; 

that is, an area whose boundaries are a shoreline, a coastline, and two natural or 

arbitrary assigned flanks. 

beach width — The horizontal dimensions of the beach measured at right angles to the 

shoreline from the line of extreme low water inland to the landward limit of the beach 

(the coastline). 

begin morning civil twilight — The period of time at which the sun is halfway between 

beginning morning and nautical twilight and sunrise, when there is enough light to see 

objects clearly with the unaided eye. At this time, light intensification devices are no 

longer effective, and the sun is six degrees below the eastern horizon. Also called 

BMCT. 

begin morning nautical twilight — The start of that period where, in good conditions and 

in the absence of other illumination, enough light is available to identify the general 

outlines of ground objects and conduct limited military operations. Light 

intensification devices are still effective and may have enhanced capabilities. At this 

time, the sun is 12 degrees below the eastern horizon. Also called BMNT. 

believed-to-be — In mortuary affairs, the status of any human remains until a positive 

identification has been determined. Used interchangeably with tentative identification. 

Also called BTB. (JP 4-06)

berm, natural — The nearly horizontal portion of a beach or backshore having an abrupt 

fall and formed by deposition of material by wave action. A berm marks the limit of 

ordinary high tide. For air cushion vehicles, berms (constructed) are required to protect 

materials handling equipment operations. See also backshore. (JP 4-01.6) 

bight — A bend in a coast forming an open bay or an open bay formed by such a bend. (JP 4-01.6) 

bill — A ship’s publication listing operational or administrative procedures. (JP 3-04) 

biological agent — A microorganism that causes disease in personnel, plants, or animals or 

causes the deterioration of materiel. See also biological weapon; chemical agent. (JP 3-11) 

biological half-time — See half-life.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

32 JP 1-02 

biological hazard — An organism, or substance derived from an organism, that poses a 

threat to human or animal health. This can include medical waste, samples of a 

microorganism, virus, or toxin (from a biological source) that can impact human health. 

(JP 3-11)

biological warfare — Employment of biological agents to produce casualties in personnel or 

animals, or damage to plants or materiel; or defense against such employment. (JP 3-11) 

biological weapon — An item of materiel which projects, disperses, or disseminates a 

biological agent including arthropod vectors. (JP 3-11) 

biometric — Measurable physical characteristic or personal behavior trait used to recognize 

the identity or verify the claimed identity of an individual. (JP 2-0) 

biometrics — The process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, 

physiological, and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0) 

blister agent — A chemical agent which injures the eyes and lungs, and burns or blisters 

the skin. Also called vesicant agent. (JP 3-11) 

blood agent — A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily 

functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. (JP 3-11) 

blood chit — A small sheet of material depicting an American flag and a statement in 

several languages to the effect that anyone assisting the bearer to safety will be 

rewarded. See also evasion aid. (JP 3-50) 

Blue Bark — US military personnel, US citizen civilian employees of the Department of 

Defense, and the dependents of both categories who travel in connection with the death 

of an immediate family member. It also applies to designated escorts for dependents of 

deceased military members. Furthermore, the term is used to designate the personal 

property shipment of a deceased member. (JP 4-06) 

blue force tracking — Employment of techniques to actively or passively identify or track 

US, allied, or coalition forces for the purpose of providing the combatant commander 

enhanced situational awareness and reducing fratricide. Also called BFT. (JP 3-14) 

boat group — The basic organization of landing craft. One boat group is organized for 

each battalion landing team (or equivalent) to be landed in the first trip of landing craft 

or amphibious vehicles. (JP 3-02) 

boat lane — A lane for amphibious assault landing craft, which extends from the line of 

departure to the beach. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 33 

boat space — The space and weight factor used to determine the capacity of boats, landing 

craft, and amphibious vehicles. With respect to landing craft and amphibious vehicles, 

it is based on the requirements of one person with individual equipment. The person is 

assumed to weigh 224 pounds and to occupy 13.5 cubic feet of space. (JP 3-02) 

boat wave — See wave.

bomb impact plot — A graphic representation of the target area, usually a pre-strike air 

photograph, on which prominent dots are plotted to mark the impact or detonation 

points of bombs dropped on a specific bombing attack. 

bona fides — 1. In personnel recovery, the use of verbal or visual communication by 

individuals who are unknown to one another, to establish their authenticity, sincerity, 

honesty, and truthfulness. See also evasion; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-

50) 2. The lack of fraud or deceit: a determination that a person is who he/she says 

he/she is. (JP 2-01.2) 

boost phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile or space vehicle during which 

the booster and sustainer engines operate. See also midcourse phase; terminal phase. 

(JP 3-01) 

bottom mine — A mine with negative buoyancy which remains on the seabed. See also

mine. (JP 3-15) 

boundary — A line that delineates surface areas for the purpose of facilitating coordination 

and deconfliction of operations between adjacent units, formations, or areas. (JP 3-0) 

branch — 1. A subdivision of any organization. 2. A geographically separate unit of an 

activity, which performs all or part of the primary functions of the parent activity on a 

smaller scale. 3. An arm or service of the Army. 4. The contingency options built into 

the base plan used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a 

force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or 

disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions. See also sequel. (JP 5-0) 

breakbulk cargo — Any commodity that, because of its weight, dimensions, or 

incompatibility with other cargo, must be shipped by mode other than military van or 

military container moved via the sea. See also breakbulk ship. (JP 4-09) 

breakbulk ship — A ship with conventional holds for stowage of breakbulk cargo, below 

or above deck, and equipped with cargo-handling gear. Ships also may be capable of 

carrying a limited number of containers, above or below deck. See also breakbulk 

cargo. (JP 4-09) 

breaker — A wave in the process of losing energy where offshore energy loss is caused by 

wind action and nearshore energy loss is caused by the impact of the sea floor as the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

34 JP 1-02 

wave enters shallow (shoaling) water. Breakers either plunge, spill, or surge. See also 

breaker angle. (JP 4-01.6) 

breaker angle — The angle a breaker makes with the beach. See also breaker. (JP 4-01.6) 

brevity code — A code which provides no security but which has as its sole purpose the 

shortening of messages rather than the concealment of their content. (JP 3-04) 

brigade combat team — As combined arms teams, brigade combat teams form the basic 

building block of the Army’s tactical formations. They are the principal means of 

executing engagements. Three standardized brigade combat teams designs exist; 

heavy, infantry, and Stryker. Battalion-sized maneuver, fires, reconnaissance, and 

sustainment units are organic to a brigade combat team. Also called BCT. (JP 3-31) 

broach — When a water craft is thrown broadside to the wind and waves, against a bar, or 

against the shoreline. (JP 4-01.6) 

broken stowage — The space lost in the holds of a vessel because of the contour of the 

ship and the shape of the cargo. Dunnage, ladders, and stanchions are included in 

broken stowage. (JP 3-02.1) 

broken stowage factor — A factor applied to the available space for embarkation due to 

the loss between boxes, between vehicles, around stanchions, and over cargo. The 

factor will vary, depending on the type and size of vehicles, type and size of general 

cargo, training and experience of loading personnel, type of loading, method of 

stowage, and configuration of compartments. (JP 3-02.1) 

buddy-aid — Acute medical care (first aid) provided by a non-medical Service member to 

another person. (JP 4-02) 

buffer zone — 1. A defined area controlled by a peace operations force from which 

disputing or belligerent forces have been excluded. Also called area of separation in 

some United Nations operations. Also called BZ. See also line of demarcation; 

peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 2. A designated area used for safety in military 

operations. (JP 3-01) 

building systems — Structures assembled from manufactured components designed to 

provide specific building configurations. (JP 3-34) 

bulk cargo — That which is generally shipped in volume where the transportation 

conveyance is the only external container; such as liquids, ore, or grain. (JP 4-01.5) 

bulk petroleum product — A liquid petroleum product transported by various means and 

stored in tanks or containers having an individual fill capacity greater than 250 liters. 

(JP 4-03) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 35 

bulk storage — 1. Storage in a warehouse of supplies and equipment in large quantities, 

usually in original containers, as distinguished from bin storage. 2. Storage of liquids, 

such as petroleum products in tanks, as distinguished from drum or packaged storage. 

(JP 4-03) 

bullseye — An established reference point from which the position of an object can be 

referenced. (JP 3-60) 

burn notice — An official statement by one intelligence agency to other agencies, domestic 

or foreign, that an individual or group is unreliable for any of a variety of reasons. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

36 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

C 

JP 1-02 37 

cache — A source of subsistence and supplies, typically containing items such as food, 

water, medical items, and/or communications equipment, packaged to prevent damage 

from exposure and hidden in isolated locations by such methods as burial, concealment, 

and/or submersion, to support isolated personnel. See also evader; evasion; recovery; 

recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 

call sign — Any combination of characters or pronounceable words, which identifies a 

communication facility, a command, an authority, an activity, or a unit; used primarily 

for establishing and maintaining communications. Also called CS. (JP 3-50) 

campaign — A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and 

operational objectives within a given time and space. See also campaign plan. (JP 5-0) 

campaign plan — A joint operation plan for a series of related major operations aimed at 

achieving strategic or operational objectives within a given time and space. See also 

campaign; campaign planning. (JP 5-0) 

campaign planning — The process whereby combatant commanders and subordinate joint 

force commanders translate national or theater strategy into operational concepts 

through the development of an operation plan for a campaign. See also campaign; 

campaign plan. (JP 5-0) 

canalize — To restrict operations to a narrow zone by use of existing or reinforcing 

obstacles or by fire or bombing. (JP 3-15) 

candidate target list — A list of objects or entities submitted by component commanders, 

appropriate agencies, or the joint force commander’s staff for further development and 

inclusion on the joint target list and/or restricted target list, or moved to the no-strike 

list. Also called CTL. See also joint integrated prioritized target list; target, target 

nomination list. (JP 3-60) 

cantilever lifting frame — Used to move Navy lighterage causeway systems on to and off 

of lighter aboard ship (LASH) vessels. This device is suspended from the Morgan 

LASH barge crane and can lift one causeway section at a time. It is designed to allow 

the long sections to clear the rear of the ship as they are lowered into the water. Also 

called CLF. See also causeway; lighterage. (JP 4-01.6) 

capstone publication — The top joint doctrine publication in the hierarchy of joint 

publications that links joint doctrine to national strategy and the contributions of other 

government departments and agencies, multinational partners, and reinforces policy for 

command and control. See also joint publication; keystone publications. 

 (CJCSM 5120.01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

38 JP 1-02 

capstone requirements document — A document that contains performance-based 

requirements to facilitate development of individual operational requirements 

documents by providing a common framework and operational concept to guide their 

development. Also called CRD.

cargo increment number — A seven-character alphanumeric field that uniquely describes 

a non-unit-cargo entry (line) in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

time-phased force and deployment data. 

carrier air wing — Two or more aircraft squadrons formed under one commander for 

administrative and tactical control of operations from a carrier. 

carrier control zone — The airspace within a circular limit defined by 5 miles horizontal 

radius from the carrier, extending upward from the surface to and including 2,500 feet 

unless otherwise designated for special operations, and is under the cognizance of the 

air officer during visual meteorological conditions. (JP 3-52) 

carrier strike group — A standing naval task group consisting of a carrier, embarked 

airwing, surface combatants, and submarines as assigned in direct support, operating in 

mutual support with the task of destroying hostile submarine, surface, and air forces 

within the group’s assigned operational area and striking at targets along hostile shore 

lines or projecting power inland. Also called CSG. (JP 3-02) 

cartridge actuated device — Small explosive devices used to eject stores from launched 

devices, actuate other explosive systems, or provide initiation for aircrew escape 

devices. Also called CAD. (JP 3-04) 

CARVER — A special operations forces acronym used throughout the targeting and 

mission planning cycle to assess mission validity and requirements. The acronym 

stands for criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, and 

recognizability. (JP 3-05.1) 

case — 1. An intelligence operation in its entirety. 2. Record of the development of an 

intelligence operation, including personnel, modus operandi, and objectives. 

case officer — A professional employee of an intelligence or counterintelligence 

organization, who is responsible for providing directions for an agent operation and/or 

handling intelligence assets. (JP 2-01.2) 

casual — See transient.

casualty — Any person who is lost to the organization by having been declared dead, duty 

status – whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured. See also hostile casualty. 

 (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 39 

casualty evacuation — The unregulated movement of casualties that can include 

movement both to and between medical treatment facilities. Also called CASEVAC. 

See also casualty; evacuation; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) 

casualty receiving and treatment ship — In amphibious operations, a ship designated to 

receive, provide treatment for, and transfer casualties. (JP 3-02) 

catastrophic event — Any natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, which results 

in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the 

population, infrastructure, environment, economy, national morale, and/or government 

functions. (JP 3-28) 

causeway — A craft similar in design to a barge, but longer and narrower, designed to assist 

in the discharge and transport of cargo from vessels. See also barge; watercraft. 

 (JP 4-01.6) 

causeway launching area — An area located near the line of departure but clear of the 

approach lanes to an area located in the inner transport area. (JP 3-02) 

caveat — A designator used with a classification to further limit the dissemination of 

restricted information. (JP 3-07.4) 

C-day — The unnamed day on which a deployment operation commences or is to 

commence. (JP 5-0) 

cell — A subordinate organization formed around a specific process, capability, or activity 

within a designated larger organization of a joint force commander’s headquarters. 

(JP 3-33) 

center — An enduring functional organization, with a supporting staff, designed to perform 

a joint function within a joint force commander’s headquarters. (JP 3-33) 

center of burst — See mean point of impact.

center of gravity — The source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom 

of action, or will to act. Also called COG. See also decisive point. (JP 5-0) 

centigray — A unit of absorbed dose of radiation (one centigray equals one rad). (JP 3-11) 

central control officer — The officer designated by the amphibious task force commander 

for the overall coordination of the waterborne ship-to-shore movement. The central 

control officer is embarked in the central control ship. Also called CCO. (JP 3-02) 

centralized control — 1. In air defense, the control mode whereby a higher echelon makes 

direct target assignments to fire units. (JP 3-01) 2. In joint air operations, placing 

within one commander the responsibility and authority for planning, directing, and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

40 JP 1-02 

coordinating a military operation or group/category of operations. See also 

decentralized control. (JP 3-30) 

chaff — Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of various 

lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion 

purposes. (JP 3-13.1) 

chain of command — The succession of commanding officers from a superior to a 

subordinate through which command is exercised. (JP 3-0) 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction — A replacement document for all 

types of correspondence containing Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff policy and 

guidance that does not involve the employment of forces, which is of indefinite 

duration and is applicable to external agencies, or both the Joint Staff and external 

agencies. Also called CJCSI. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

manual. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual — A document containing detailed 

procedures for performing specific tasks that do not involve the employment of forces, 

which is of indefinite duration and is applicable to external agencies or both the Joint 

Staff and external agencies. Also called CJCSM. See also Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff instruction. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

chalk number — The number given to a complete load and to the transporting carrier. 

(JP 3-17) 

change detection — An image enhancement technique that compares two images of the 

same area from different time periods and eliminates identical picture elements in order 

to leave the signatures that have undergone change. (JP 2-03) 

channel airlift — Provides regularly scheduled airlift for movement of sustainment cargo, 

depending upon volume of workload, between designated aerial ports of embarkation 

and seaports of debarkation over validated contingency or distribution channel routes. 

(JP 3-17)

chemical agent — A chemical substance which is intended for use in military operations to 

kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate mainly through its physiological effects. The term 

excludes riot control agents when used for law enforcement purposes, herbicides, 

smoke, and flames. See also chemical warfare; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear consequence management — Actions 

taken to plan, prepare, respond to, and recover from chemical, biological, radiological, 

and nuclear incidents. Also called CBRN CM. (JP 3-41) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 41 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense — Measures taken to minimize or 

negate the vulnerabilities and/or effects of a chemical, biological, radiological, or 

nuclear incident. Also called CBRN defense. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment — Conditions found in an 

area resulting from immediate or persisting effects of chemical, biological, radiological, 

or nuclear attacks or unintentional releases. Also called CBRN environment. 

 (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard — Chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear elements that could cause an adverse affect through their 

accidental or deliberate release, dissemination, or impacts. Also called CBRN hazard. 

(JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear passive defense — Passive measures 

taken to minimize or negate the vulnerability to, and effects of, chemical, biological, 

radiological, or nuclear attacks. This mission area focuses on maintaining the joint 

force’s ability to continue military operations in a chemical, biological, radiological, or 

nuclear environment. Also called CBRN passive defense. (JP 3-40) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection — Measures that are taken to 

keep chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats and hazards from having an 

adverse effect on personnel, equipment, or critical assets and facilities. Also called 

CBRN protection. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear sense — Activities that continually 

provide chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threat and hazard information 

and intelligence in a timely manner to support the common operational picture. Also 

called CBRN sense. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear shape — The command and control 

activity that integrates the sense, shield, and sustain operational elements to characterize 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards and threats and employ necessary 

capabilities to counter their effects. Also called CBRN shape. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear shield — Individual and collective 

protection measures essential to mitigating the effects of chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear hazards. Also called CBRN shield. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear sustain — The decontamination and 

medical activities to restore combat power and continue operations. Also called CBRN 

sustain. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or high-yield explosives incident — An 

emergency resulting from the deliberate or unintentional release of nuclear, biological, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

42 JP 1-02 

radiological, or toxic or poisonous chemical materials, or the detonation of a high-yield 

explosive. Also called CBRNE incident. (JP 3-28) 

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident — Any occurrence, resulting from 

the use of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons and devices; the 

emergence of secondary hazards arising from counterforce targeting; or the release of 

toxic industrial materials into the environment, involving the emergence of chemical, 

biological, radiological and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11) 

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapon — A fully engineered assembly 

designed for employment to cause the release of a chemical or biological agent or 

radiological material onto a chosen target or to generate a nuclear detonation. Also 

called CBRN weapon. (JP 3-11)

chemical hazard — Any chemical manufactured, used, transported, or stored which can 

cause death or other harm through toxic properties of those materials. This includes 

chemical agents and chemical weapons (prohibited under the Chemical Weapons 

Convention), as well as toxic industrial chemicals and toxic industrial materials. 

(JP 3-11)

chemical warfare — All aspects of military operations involving the employment of lethal 

and incapacitating munitions/agents and the warning and protective measures 

associated with such offensive operations. Since riot control agents and herbicides are 

not considered to be chemical warfare agents, those two items will be referred to 

separately or under the broader term “chemical,” which will be used to include all types 

of chemical munitions/agents collectively. Also called CW. See also chemical agent; 

chemical weapon; riot control agent. (JP 3-11)

chemical weapon — Together or separately, (a) a toxic chemical and its precursors, except 

when intended for a purpose not prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention; 

(b) a munition or device, specifically designed to cause death or other harm through 

toxic properties of those chemicals specified in (a), above, which would be released as 

a result of the employment of such munition or device; (c) any equipment specifically 

designed for use directly in connection with the employment of munitions or devices 

specified in (b), above. See also chemical agent; chemical warfare; riot control 

agent. (JP 3-11) 

chief of mission — The principal officer (the ambassador) in charge of a diplomatic facility 

of the United States, including any individual assigned to be temporarily in charge of 

such a facility. The chief of mission is the personal representative of the President to 

the country of accreditation. The chief of mission is responsible for the direction, 

coordination, and supervision of all US Government executive branch employees in 

that country (except those under the command of a US area military commander). The 

security of the diplomatic post is the chief of mission’s direct responsibility. Also 

called COM. (JP 3-08) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 43 

chief of staff — The senior or principal member or head of a staff who acts as the 

controlling member of a staff for purposes of the coordination of its work or to exercise 

command in another’s name. Also called COS. (JP 3-33) 

chief of station — The senior United States intelligence officer in a foreign country and the 

direct representative of the Director National Intelligence, to whom the officer reports 

through the Director Central Intelligence Agency. Usually the senior representative of 

the Central Intelligence Agency assigned to a US mission. Also called COS. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

circular error probable — An indicator of the delivery accuracy of a weapon system, used 

as a factor in determining probable damage to a target. It is the radius of a circle within 

which half of a missile’s projectiles are expected to fall. Also called CEP. (JP 3-60) 

civic action — See military civic action.

civil administration — An administration established by a foreign government in (1) 

friendly territory, under an agreement with the government of the area concerned, to 

exercise certain authority normally the function of the local government; or (2) hostile 

territory, occupied by United States forces, where a foreign government exercises 

executive, legislative, and judicial authority until an indigenous civil government can 

be established. Also called CA. (JP 3-05) 

civil affairs — Designated Active and Reserve Component forces and units organized, trained, 

and equipped specifically to conduct civil affairs operations and to support civil-military 

operations. Also called CA. See also civil-military operations. (JP 3-57) 

civil affairs agreement — An agreement that governs the relationship between allied armed 

forces located in a friendly country and the civil authorities and people of that country. 

See also civil affairs. 

civil affairs operations — Those military operations conducted by civil affairs forces that 

(1) enhance the relationship between military forces and civil authorities in localities 

where military forces are present; (2) require coordination with other interagency 

organizations, intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, 

indigenous populations and institutions, and the private sector; and (3) involve 

application of functional specialty skills that normally are the responsibility of civil 

government to enhance the conduct of civil-military operations. Also called CAO. 

 (JP 3-57) 

civil augmentation program — Standing, long-term external support contacts designed to 

augment Service logistic capabilities with contracted support in both preplanned and 

short notice contingencies. Examples include US Army Logistics Civil Augmentation 

Program, Air Force Contract Augmentation Program, and US Navy Global 

Contingency Capabilities Contracts. Also called CAP. See also contingency; 

contingency contract; external support contract. (JP 4-10) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

44 JP 1-02 

civil authorities — Those elected and appointed officers and employees who constitute the 

government of the United States, the governments of the 50 states, the District of 

Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, United States possessions and 

territories, and political subdivisions thereof. (JP 3-28) 

civil authority information support — Department of Defense information activities 

conducted under a designated lead federal agency or other United States civil authority 

to support dissemination of public or other critical information during domestic 

emergencies. Also called CAIS. (JP 3-13.2) 

civil defense — All those activities and measures designed or undertaken to: a. minimize 

the effects upon the civilian population caused or which would be caused by an enemy 

attack on the United States; b. deal with the immediate emergency conditions that 

would be created by any such attack; and c. effectuate emergency repairs to, or the 

emergency restoration of, vital utilities and facilities destroyed or damaged by any such 

attack. 

civil defense emergency — See domestic emergencies. 

civil disturbance — Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial to public law and 

order. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-28) 

civil emergency — Any occasion or instance for which, in the determination of the 

President, federal assistance is needed to supplement state and local efforts and 

capabilities to save lives and to protect property and public health and safety, or to 

lessen or avert the threat of a catastrophe in any part of the United States. (JP 3-28) 

civilian internee — A civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other 

military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed 

an offense against the detaining power. Also called CI. (DODD 2310.01E)

civil-military medicine — A discipline within operational medicine comprising public 

health and medical issues that involve a civil-military interface (foreign or domestic), 

including military medical support to civil authorities (domestic), medical elements of 

cooperation activities, and medical civil-military operations. (JP 4-02) 

civil-military operations — The activities of a commander that establish, maintain, 

influence, or exploit relations between military forces, governmental and 

nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in a 

friendly, neutral, or hostile operational area in order to facilitate military operations, to 

consolidate and achieve operational US objectives. Civil-military operations may 

include performance by military forces of activities and functions normally the 

responsibility of the local, regional, or national government. These activities may occur 

prior to, during, or subsequent to other military actions. They may also occur, if 

directed, in the absence of other military operations. Civil-military operations may be 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 45 

performed by designated civil affairs, by other military forces, or by a combination of 

civil affairs and other forces. Also called CMO. See also civil affairs; operation. 

 (JP 3-57) 

civil-military operations center — An organization normally comprised of civil affairs, 

established to plan and facilitate coordination of activities of the Armed Forces of the 

United States with indigenous populations and institutions, the private sector, 

intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, multinational forces, 

and other governmental agencies in support of the joint force commander. Also called 

CMOC. See also civil-military operations; operation. (JP 3-57) 

civil requirements — The necessary production and distribution of all types of services, 

supplies, and equipment during periods of armed conflict or occupation to ensure the 

productive efficiency of the civilian economy and to provide to civilians the treatment 

and protection to which they are entitled under customary and conventional 

international law. 

Civil Reserve Air Fleet — A program in which the Department of Defense contracts for 

the services of specific aircraft, owned by a US entity or citizen, during national 

emergencies and defense-oriented situations when expanded civil augmentation of 

military airlift activity is required. These aircraft are allocated, in accordance with 

Department of Defense requirements, to segments, according to their capabilities, such 

as international long range and short range cargo and passenger sections, national 

(domestic and Alaskan sections) and aeromedical evacuation and other segments as 

may be mutually agreed upon by the Department of Defense and the Department of 

Transportation. Also called CRAF. See also reserve. (JP 3-17) 

civil search and rescue — Search and/or rescue operations and associated civilian services 

provided to assist persons in potential or actual distress and protect property in a nonhostile environment. Also called civil SAR. (JP 3-50)

civil support — Department of Defense support to US civil authorities for domestic 

emergencies, and for designated law enforcement and other activities. Also called CS. 

(JP 3-28) 

civil transportation — The movement of persons, property, or mail by civil facilities, and 

the resources (including storage, except that for agricultural and petroleum products) 

necessary to accomplish the movement. (Excludes transportation operated or 

controlled by the military as well as petroleum and gas pipelines.) 

clandestine — Any activity or operation sponsored or conducted by governmental 

departments or agencies with the intent to assure secrecy and concealment. (JP 2-01.2) 

clandestine intelligence collection — The acquisition of protected intelligence information in 

a way designed to conceal the nature of the operation and protect the source. (JP 2-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

46 JP 1-02 

clandestine operation — An operation sponsored or conducted by governmental 

departments or agencies in such a way as to assure secrecy or concealment. A 

clandestine operation differs from a covert operation in that emphasis is placed on 

concealment of the operation rather than on concealment of the identity of the sponsor. 

In special operations, an activity may be both covert and clandestine and may focus 

equally on operational considerations and intelligence-related activities. See also

covert operation; overt operation. (JP 3-05.1) 

classes of supply — The ten categories into which supplies are grouped in order to facilitate 

supply management and planning. I. Rations and gratuitous issue of health, morale, 

and welfare items. II. Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, tool sets, and 

administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment. III. Petroleum, oils, and 

lubricants. IV. Construction materials. V. Ammunition. VI. Personal demand items. 

VII. Major end items, including tanks, helicopters, and radios. VIII. Medical. IX. 

Repair parts and components for equipment maintenance. X. Nonstandard items to 

support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development. See also 

petroleum, oils, and lubricants. (JP 4-09) 

classification — The determination that official information requires, in the interests of 

national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, 

coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made. See 

also security classification. (JP 2-01.2) 

classified information — Official information that has been determined to require, in the 

interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has 

been so designated. (JP 2-01.2) 

clearance capacity — An estimate expressed in agreed upon units of cargo measurement 

per day of the cargo or people that may be transported inland from a beach or port over 

the available means of inland communication, including roads, railroads, airlift, and 

inland waterways. See also throughput capacity. (JP 4-01.5) 

clearance decontamination — The final level of decontamination that provides the 

decontamination of equipment and personnel to a level that allows unrestricted 

transportation, maintenance, employment, and disposal. (JP 3-11)

clearing operation — An operation designed to clear or neutralize all mines and obstacles 

from a route or area. (JP 3-15) 

close air support — Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets that 

are in close proximity to friendly forces and that require detailed integration of each air 

mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Also called CAS. See also air 

interdiction; immediate mission request; preplanned mission request. (JP 3-0) 

close support — That action of the supporting force against targets or objectives which are 

sufficiently near the supported force as to require detailed integration or coordination of 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 47 

the supporting action with the fire, movement, or other actions of the supported force. 

See also direct support; general support; mutual support; support. (JP 3-31)

close support area — Those parts of the ocean operating areas nearest to, but not 

necessarily in, the objective area. They are assigned to naval support carrier strike 

groups, surface action groups, surface action units, and certain logistic combat service 

support elements. (JP 3-02) 

closure — In transportation, the process of a unit’s arriving at a specified location. 

(JP 4-01.5) 

coalition — An arrangement between two or more nations for common action. See also

alliance; multinational. (JP 5-0) 

coastal sea control — The employment of forces to ensure the unimpeded use of an 

offshore coastal area by friendly forces and, as appropriate, to deny the use of the area 

to enemy forces. (JP 3-10) 

code word — 1. A word that has been assigned a classification and a classified meaning to 

safeguard intentions and information regarding a classified plan or operation. 2. A 

cryptonym used to identify sensitive intelligence data. (JP 3-50) 

collate — 1. The grouping together of related items to provide a record of events and 

facilitate further processing. 2. To compare critically two or more items or documents 

concerning the same general subject; normally accomplished in the processing and 

exploitation portion of the intelligence process. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-0) 

collateral damage — Unintentional or incidental injury or damage to persons or objects 

that would not be lawful military targets in the circumstances ruling at the time. Such 

damage is not unlawful so long as it is not excessive in light of the overall military 

advantage anticipated from the attack. (JP 3-60) 

collection — In intelligence usage, the acquisition of information and the provision of this 

information to processing elements. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

collection agency — Any individual, organization, or unit that has access to sources of 

information and the capability of collecting information from them. See also agency. 

(JP 2-01) 

collection asset — A collection system, platform, or capability that is supporting, assigned, 

or attached to a particular commander. See also collection. (JP 2-01) 

collection management — In intelligence usage, the process of converting intelligence 

requirements into collection requirements, establishing priorities, tasking or 

coordinating with appropriate collection sources or agencies, monitoring results, and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

48 JP 1-02 

retasking, as required. See also collection; collection requirement; collection 

requirements management; intelligence; intelligence process. (JP 2-0) 

collection management authority — Within the Department of Defense, collection 

management authority constitutes the authority to establish, prioritize, and validate 

theater collection requirements, establish sensor tasking guidance, and develop theaterwide collection policies. Also called CMA. See also collection manager; collection 

plan; collection requirement. (JP 2-01.2) 

collection manager — An individual with responsibility for the timely and efficient tasking 

of organic collection resources and the development of requirements for theater and 

national assets that could satisfy specific information needs in support of the mission. 

Also called CM. See also collection; collection management authority. (JP 2-01) 

collection operations management — The authoritative direction, scheduling, and control 

of specific collection operations and associated processing, exploitation, and reporting 

resources. Also called COM. See also collection management; collection 

requirements management. (JP 2-0) 

collection plan — A plan for collecting information from all available sources to meet 

intelligence requirements and for transforming those requirements into orders and 

requests to appropriate agencies. See also information requirements; intelligence 

process. (JP 2-01)

collection planning — A continuous process that coordinates and integrates the efforts of 

all collection units and agencies. See also collection. (JP 2-0) 

collection point — A point designated for the assembly of personnel casualties, stragglers, 

disabled materiel, salvage, etc., for further movement to collecting stations or rear 

installations. Also called CP. (JP 4-06) 

collection requirement — 1. An intelligence need considered in the allocation of 

intelligence resources. Within the Department of Defense, these collection 

requirements fulfill the essential elements of information and other intelligence needs 

of a commander, or an agency. 2. An established intelligence need, validated against 

the appropriate allocation of intelligence resources (as a requirement) to fulfill the 

essential elements of information and other intelligence needs of an intelligence 

consumer. (JP 2-01.2) 

collection requirements management — The authoritative development and control of 

collection, processing, exploitation, and/or reporting requirements that normally result 

in either the direct tasking of assets over which the collection manager has authority, or 

the generation of tasking requests to collection management authorities at a higher, 

lower, or lateral echelon to accomplish the collection mission. Also called CRM. See 

also collection; collection management; collection operations management. 

 (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 49 

collection resource — A collection system, platform, or capability that is not assigned or 

attached to a specific unit or echelon which must be requested and coordinated through 

the chain of command. See also collection management. (JP 2-01) 

collective protection — The protection provided to a group of individuals which permits 

relaxation of individual chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear protection. Also 

called COLPRO. (JP 3-11)

colored beach — That portion of usable coastline sufficient for the assault landing of a 

regimental landing team or similar sized unit. In the event that the landing force 

consists of a single battalion landing team, a colored beach will be used and no further 

subdivision of the beach is required. See also numbered beach. (JP 3-02) 

combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over an objective area, the force protected, 

the critical area of a combat zone, or in an air defense area, for the purpose of 

intercepting and destroying hostile aircraft before they reach their targets. Also called 

CAP. See also airborne alert; barrier combat air patrol; rescue combat air patrol. 

(JP 3-01) 

combat and operational stress — The expected and predictable emotional, intellectual, 

physical, and/or behavioral reactions of an individual who has been exposed to stressful 

events in war or stability operations. . (JP 4-02) 

combat and operational stress control — Programs developed and actions taken by 

military leadership to prevent, identify, and manage adverse combat and operational 

stress reactions in units; optimize mission performance; conserve fighting strength; 

prevent or minimize adverse effects of combat and operational stress on members’ 

physical, psychological, intellectual and social health; and to return the unit or Service 

member to duty expeditiously. (JP 4-02) 

combatant command — A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission 

under a single commander established and so designated by the President, through the 

Secretary of Defense and with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or functional 

responsibilities. See also specified command; unified command. (JP 5-0) 

combatant command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to the staff of, or 

designated by, the combatant commander to provide advice on religion, ethics, and 

morale of assigned personnel and to coordinate religious ministries within the 

combatant commander’s area of responsibility. See also command chaplain; 

religious support; religious support plan; religious support team. (JP 1-05) 

combatant command (command authority) — Nontransferable command authority 

established by Title 10 (“Armed Forces”), United States Code, Section 164, exercised 

only by commanders of unified or specified combatant commands unless otherwise 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

50 JP 1-02 

directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense. Combatant command (command 

authority) cannot be delegated and is the authority of a combatant commander to 

perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and 

employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving 

authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training, and 

logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command. Combatant 

command (command authority) should be exercised through the commanders of 

subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate 

joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders. 

Combatant command (command authority) provides full authority to organize and 

employ commands and forces as the combatant commander considers necessary to 

accomplish assigned missions. Operational control is inherent in combatant command 

(command authority). Also called COCOM. See also combatant command; 

combatant commander; operational control; tactical control. (JP 1) 

combatant commander — A commander of one of the unified or specified combatant 

commands established by the President. Also called CCDR. See also combatant 

command; specified combatant command; unified combatant command. (JP 3-0) 

combatant commander logistic procurement support board — A combatant 

commander-level joint board established to ensure that contracting support and other 

sources of support are properly synchronized across the entire area of responsibility. 

Also called CLPSB. See also joint acquisition review board; joint contracting 

support board. (JP 4-10)

combatant command support agent — The Secretary of a Military Department to whom 

the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense has assigned 

administrative and logistical support of the headquarters of a combatant command, 

United States Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command, or subordinate 

unified command. The nature and scope of the combatant command support agent 

responsibilities, functions, and authorities shall be prescribed at the time of assignment 

or in keeping with existing agreements and practices, and they shall remain in effect 

until the Secretary of Defense or the Deputy Secretary of Defense revokes, supersedes, 

or modifies them. Also called CCSA. (DODD 5100.03)

combat assessment — The determination of the overall effectiveness of force employment 

during military operations. Combat assessment is composed of three major 

components: (a) battle damage assessment; (b) munitions effectiveness assessment; and 

(c) reattack recommendation. Also called CA. See also battle damage assessment; 

munitions effectiveness assessment; reattack recommendation. (JP 3-60) 

combat camera — The acquisition and utilization of still and motion imagery in support of 

operational and planning requirements across the range of military operations and 

during joint exercises. Also called COMCAM. See also visual information. 

 (JP 3-61) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 51 

combat cargo officer — An embarkation officer assigned to major amphibious ships or 

naval staffs, functioning primarily as an adviser to and representative of the naval 

commander in matters pertaining to embarkation and debarkation of troops and their 

supplies and equipment. Also called CCO. See also embarkation officer. (JP 3-02.1) 

combat chart — A special naval chart, at a scale of 1:50,000, designed for naval surface 

fire support and close air support during coastal or amphibious operations and showing 

detailed hydrography and topography in the coastal belt. (JP 2-03) 

combat control team — A small task organized team of Air Force parachute and combat 

diver qualified personnel trained and equipped to rapidly establish and control drop, 

landing, and extraction zone air traffic in austere or hostile conditions. They survey 

and establish terminal airheads as well as provide guidance to aircraft for airlift 

operations. They provide command and control, and conduct reconnaissance, 

surveillance, and survey assessments of potential objective airfields or assault zones. 

They also can perform limited weather observations and removal of obstacles or 

unexploded ordinance with demolitions. Also called CCT. (JP 3-17) 

combat engineering — Engineering capabilities and activities that closely support the 

maneuver of land combat forces consisting of three types: mobility, countermobility, 

and survivability. (JP 3-34) 

combat identification — The process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected 

objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. 

Also called CID. (JP 3-09) 

combat information — Unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical 

commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, 

cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user’s tactical 

intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) 

combat information center — The agency in a ship or aircraft manned and equipped to 

collect, display, evaluate, and disseminate tactical information for the use of the 

embarked flag officer, commanding officer, and certain control agencies. Also called 

CIC. (JP 3-04) 

combating terrorism — Actions, including antiterrorism and counterterrorism, taken to 

oppose terrorism throughout the entire threat spectrum. Also called CbT. See also 

antiterrorism; counterterrorism. (JP 3-26) 

combat intelligence — That knowledge of the enemy, weather, and geographical features 

required by a commander in the planning and conduct of combat operations. (JP 2-0) 

combat loading — The arrangement of personnel and the stowage of equipment and 

supplies in a manner designed to conform to the anticipated tactical operation of the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

52 JP 1-02 

organization embarked. Each individual item is stowed so that it can be unloaded at the 

required time. (JP 3-02) 

combat organizational loading — A method of loading by which a unit with its equipment 

and initial supplies is loaded into a single ship, together with other units, in such a 

manner as to be available for unloading in a predetermined order. (JP 3-02.1) 

combat power — The total means of destructive and/or disruptive force which a military 

unit/formation can apply against the opponent at a given time. (JP 3-0) 

combat readiness — Synonymous with operational readiness, with respect to missions or 

functions performed in combat. (JP 1-0) 

combat search and rescue — The tactics, techniques, and procedures performed by forces 

to effect the recovery of isolated personnel during combat. Also called CSAR. See 

also search and rescue. (JP 3-50) 

combat search and rescue task force — All forces committed to a specific combat search 

and rescue operation to locate, identify, support, and recover isolated personnel during 

combat. Also called CSARTF. See also combat search and rescue; search; search 

and rescue. (JP 3-50) 

combat service support — The essential capabilities, functions, activities, and tasks 

necessary to sustain all elements of operating forces in theater at all levels of war. 

Within the national and theater logistic systems, it includes but is not limited to that 

support rendered by service forces in ensuring the aspects of supply, maintenance, 

transportation, health services, and other services required by aviation and ground 

combat troops to permit those units to accomplish their missions in combat. Combat 

service support encompasses those activities at all levels of war that produce 

sustainment to all operating forces on the battlefield. Also called CSS. See also 

combat support. (JP 4-0) 

combat service support area — An area ashore that is organized to contain the necessary 

supplies, equipment, installations, and elements to provide the landing force with 

combat service support throughout the operation. Also called CSSA. (JP 3-02) 

combat service support elements — Those elements whose primary missions are to 

provide service support to combat forces and which are a part, or prepared to become a 

part, of a theater, command, or task force formed for combat operations. See also

service troops.

combat spread loading — A method of combat loading by which some of the troops, 

equipment, and initial supplies of a unit are loaded in one ship and the remainder are 

loaded in one or more others. This method is commonly used for troop units with 

heavy equipment. (JP 3-02.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 53 

combat support — Fire support and operational assistance provided to combat elements. 

Also called CS. See also combat service support. (JP 4-0) 

combat support agency — A Department of Defense agency so designated by Congress or 

the Secretary of Defense that supports military combat operations. Also called CSA. 

(JP 5-0) 

combat surveillance — A continuous, all-weather, day-and-night, systematic watch over 

the battle area in order to provide timely information for tactical combat operations. 

(JP 3-01) 

combat survival — Those measures to be taken by Service personnel when involuntarily 

separated from friendly forces in combat, including procedures relating to individual 

survival, evasion, escape, and conduct after capture. (JP 3-50) 

combat unit loading — A method of loading by which all or a part of a combat unit, such 

as an assault battalion landing team, is completely loaded in a single ship, with essential 

combat equipment and supplies, in such a manner as to be immediately available to 

support the tactical plan upon debarkation, and to provide a maximum of flexibility to 

meet possible changes in the tactical plan. (JP 3-02.1) 

combined — Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more allies. (When all 

allies or services are not involved, the participating nations and services shall be 

identified, e.g., combined navies.) See also joint. 

combined arms team — The full integration and application of two or more arms or 

elements of one Military Service into an operation. (JP 3-18) 

combined force — A military force composed of elements of two or more allied nations. 

command — 1. The authority that a commander in the armed forces lawfully exercises over 

subordinates by virtue of rank or assignment. Command includes the authority and 

responsibility for effectively using available resources and for planning the 

employment of, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling military forces for 

the accomplishment of assigned missions. It also includes responsibility for health, 

welfare, morale, and discipline of assigned personnel. 2. An order given by a 

commander; that is, the will of the commander expressed for the purpose of bringing 

about a particular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization, or an area under the 

command of one individual. Also called CMD. See also area command; combatant 

command; combatant command (command authority). (JP 1) 

command and control — The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated 

commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. 

Command and control functions are performed through an arrangement of personnel, 

equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

54 JP 1-02 

planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in the 

accomplishment of the mission. Also called C2. (JP 1) 

command and control system — The facilities, equipment, communications, procedures, 

and personnel essential to a commander for planning, directing, and controlling 

operations of assigned and attached forces pursuant to the missions assigned. (JP 6-0) 

command chaplain — The senior chaplain assigned to or designated by a commander of a 

staff, command, or unit. See also combatant command chaplain; religious support; 

religious support plan. (JP 1-05) 

command element — The core element of a Marine air-ground task force that is the 

headquarters. The command element is composed of the commander, general or 

executive and special staff sections, headquarters section, and requisite 

communications support, intelligence, and reconnaissance forces necessary to 

accomplish the mission. The command element provides command and control, 

intelligence, and other support essential for effective planning and execution of 

operations by the other elements of the Marine air-ground task force. The command 

element varies in size and composition. Also called CE. (JP 3-02) 

commander, amphibious task force — The Navy officer designated in the initiating 

directive as the commander of the amphibious task force. Also called CATF. See also 

amphibious operation; amphibious task force; commander, landing force. 

 (JP 3-02) 

commander, landing force — The officer designated in the initiating directive as the 

commander of the landing force for an amphibious operation. Also called CLF. See 

also amphibious operation; commander, amphibious task force; landing force. 

 (JP 3-02) 

commander’s critical information requirement — An information requirement identified 

by the commander as being critical to facilitating timely decision making. Also called 

CCIR. See also information requirements; intelligence; priority intelligence 

requirement. (JP 3-0) 

commander’s estimate — A developed course of action designed to provide the Secretary 

of Defense with military options to meet a potential contingency. (JP 5-0) 

commander’s intent — A clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and 

the desired military end state that supports mission command, provides focus to the 

staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the 

commander’s desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not 

unfold as planned. See also assessment; end state. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 55 

commander’s required delivery date — The original date relative to C-day, specified by 

the combatant commander for arrival of forces or cargo at the destination; shown in the 

time-phased force and deployment data to assess the impact of later arrival. (JP 5-0)

command information — Communication by a military organization directed to the 

internal audience that creates an awareness of the organization’s goals, informs them of 

significant developments affecting them and the organization, increases their 

effectiveness as ambassadors of the organization, and keeps them informed about what 

is going on in the organization. Also called internal information. See also 

command; public affairs. (JP 3-61) 

commanding officer of troops — On a ship that has embarked units, a designated officer 

(usually the senior embarking unit commander) who is responsible for the 

administration, discipline, and training of all embarked units. Also called COT. 

 (JP 3-02) 

command net — (*) A communications network which connects an echelon of command 

with some or all of its subordinate echelons for the purpose of command and control. 

command post exercise — An exercise in which the forces are simulated, involving the 

commander, the staff, and communications within and between headquarters. Also 

called CPX. See also exercise; maneuver. (JP 3-0) 

command relationships — The interrelated responsibilities between commanders, as well 

as the operational authority exercised by commanders in the chain of command; 

defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational control, 

tactical control, or support. See also chain of command; combatant command 

(command authority); command; operational control; support; tactical control. 

(JP 1) 

command-sponsored dependent — A dependent entitled to travel to overseas commands 

at government expense and endorsed by the appropriate military commander to be 

present in a dependent’s status. (JP 3-68) 

commercial items — Articles of supply readily available from established commercial 

distribution sources which the Department of Defense or inventory managers in the 

Military Services have designated to be obtained directly or indirectly from such 

sources. (JP 4-06) 

commercial loading — See administrative loading.

commercial vehicle — A vehicle that has evolved in the commercial market to meet 

civilian requirements and which is selected from existing production lines for military 

use. (JP 4-06) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

56 JP 1-02 

commit — The process of assigning one or more aircraft or surface-to-air missile units to 

prepare to engage an entity, prior to authorizing such engagement. (JP 3-01) 

commodity loading —A method of loading in which various types of cargoes are loaded 

together, such as ammunition, rations, or boxed vehicles, in order that each commodity 

can be discharged without disturbing the others. See also combat loading. (JP 3-02.1) 

commodity manager — An individual within the organization of an inventory control 

point or other such organization assigned management responsibility for homogeneous 

grouping of materiel items. 

commonality — A quality that applies to materiel or systems: a. possessing like and 

interchangeable characteristics enabling each to be utilized, or operated and maintained, 

by personnel trained on the others without additional specialized training; b. having 

interchangeable repair parts and/or components; and c. applying to consumable items 

interchangeably equivalent without adjustment. (JP 6-0) 

common item — 1. Any item of materiel that is required for use by more than one activity. 

2. Sometimes loosely used to denote any consumable item except repair parts or other 

technical items. 3. Any item of materiel that is procured for, owned by (Service stock), 

or used by any Military Department of the Department of Defense and is also required 

to be furnished to a recipient country under the grant-aid Military Assistance Program. 

4. Readily available commercial items. 5. Items used by two or more Military Services 

of similar manufacture or fabrication that may vary between the Services as to color or 

shape (as vehicles or clothing). 6. Any part or component that is required in the 

assembly of two or more complete end-items. (JP 4-01.5) 

common operating environment — Automation services that support the development of 

the common reusable software modules that enable interoperability across multiple 

combat support applications. Also called COE. (JP 4-01.2) 

common operational picture — A single identical display of relevant information shared 

by more than one command that facilitates collaborative planning and assists all 

echelons to achieve situational awareness. Also called COP. (JP 3-0) 

common servicing — Functions performed by one Service in support of another for which 

reimbursement is not required. See also servicing. (JP 3-34) 

common supplies — Those supplies common to two or more Services. 

common tactical picture — An accurate and complete display of relevant tactical data that 

integrates tactical information from the multi-tactical data link network, ground 

network, intelligence network, and sensor networks. Also called CTP. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 57 

common use — Services, materiel, or facilities provided by a Department of Defense 

agency or a Military Department on a common basis for two or more Department of 

Defense agencies, elements, or other organizations as directed. (JP 4-01.5) 

common-use container — Any Department of Defense-owned, -leased, or -controlled 20- 

or 40-foot International Organization for Standardization container managed by US 

Transportation Command as an element of the Department of Defense common-use 

container system. See also component- owned container; Service-unique container. 

(JP 4-09) 

common-user airlift service — The airlift service provided on a common basis for all 

Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the US 

Government. (JP 3-17) 

common-user item — An item of an interchangeable nature which is in common use by 

two or more nations or Services of a nation. (JP 4-07) 

common-user land transportation — Point-to-point land transportation service operated 

by a single Service for common use by two or more Services. Also called CULT. 

(JP 4-01.5) 

common-user logistics — Materiel or service support shared with or provided by two or 

more Services, Department of Defense agencies, or multinational partners to another 

Service, Department of Defense agency, non-Department of Defense agency, and/or 

multinational partner in an operation. Common-user logistics is usually restricted to a 

particular type of supply and/or service and may be further restricted to specific unit(s) 

or types of units, specific times, missions, and/or geographic areas. Also called CUL. 

See also common use. (JP 4-09) 

common-user network — A system of circuits or channels allocated to furnish 

communication paths between switching centers to provide communication service on 

a common basis to all connected stations or subscribers. (JP 3-33) 

common-user ocean terminals — A military installation, part of a military installation, or a 

commercial facility operated under contract or arrangement by the Surface Deployment 

and Distribution Command which regularly provides for two or more Services terminal 

functions of receipt, transit storage or staging, processing, and loading and unloading of 

passengers or cargo aboard ships. (JP 4-01.2) 

common-user sealift — The sealift services provided on a common basis for all 

Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, for other agencies of the US 

Government. The Military Sealift Command, a transportation component command of 

the US Transportation Command, provides common-user sealift for which users 

reimburse the transportation accounts of the Transportation Working Capital Fund. See 

also Military Sealift Command; transportation component command. (JP 3-35) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

58 JP 1-02 

common-user transportation — Transportation and transportation services provided on a 

common basis for two or more Department of Defense agencies and, as authorized, 

non-Department of Defense agencies. See also common use. (JP 4-01.2) 

communicate — To use any means or method to convey information of any kind from one 

person or place to another. (JP 6-0) 

communications intelligence — Technical information and intelligence derived from 

foreign communications by other than the intended recipients. Also called COMINT. 

(JP 2-0) 

communications network — An organization of stations capable of intercommunications, 

but not necessarily on the same channel. (JP 6-0) 

communications satellite — An orbiting vehicle, which relays signals between 

communications stations. There are two types: a. active communications satellite — 

A satellite that receives, regenerates, and retransmits signals between stations; b. 

passive communications satellite — A satellite which reflects communications 

signals between stations. Also called COMSAT. (JP 6-0) 

communications security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny 

unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession 

and study of telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorized persons in their 

interpretation of the results of such possession and study. Also called COMSEC. 

 (JP 6-0) 

communications security material — All documents, devices, equipment, or apparatus, 

including cryptomaterial, used in establishing or maintaining secure communications. 

community engagement — Those public affairs activities that support the relationship 

between military and civilian communities. (JP 3-61)

compartmentation — 1. Establishment and management of an organization so that 

information about the personnel, internal organization, or activities of one component is 

made available to any other component only to the extent required for the performance 

of assigned duties. 2. Effects of relief and drainage upon avenues of approach so as to 

produce areas bounded on at least two sides by terrain features such as woods, ridges, 

or ravines that limit observation or observed fire into the area from points outside the 

area. (JP 3-05.1) 

complaint-type investigation — A counterintelligence investigation in which sabotage, 

espionage, treason, sedition, subversive activity, or disaffection is suspected. 

completeness — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether operation 

plans incorporate major operations and tasks to be accomplished and to what degree 

they include forces required, deployment concept, employment concept, sustainment 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 59 

concept, time estimates for achieving objectives, description of the end state, mission 

success criteria, and mission termination criteria. (JP 5-0) 

complete round — A term applied to an assemblage of explosive and nonexplosive 

components designed to perform a specific function at the time and under the 

conditions desired. Examples of complete rounds of ammunition are: a. separate 

loading, consisting of a primer, propelling charge and, except for blank ammunition, a 

projectile and a fuze; b. fixed or semifixed, consisting of a primer, propelling charge, 

cartridge case, a projectile and, except when solid projectiles are used, a fuze; c. bomb, 

consisting of all component parts required to drop and function the bomb once; d. 

missile, consisting of a complete warhead section and a missile body with its associated 

components and propellants; and e. rocket, consisting of all components necessary to 

function. 

component — 1. One of the subordinate organizations that constitute a joint force. 

Normally a joint force is organized with a combination of Service and functional 

components. (JP 1) 2. In logistics, a part or combination of parts having a specific 

function, which can be installed or replaced only as an entity. (JP 4-0) Also called 

COMP. See also functional component command; Service component command. 

component-owned container — A 20- or 40-foot International Organization for 

Standardization container procured and owned by a single Department of Defense 

component. May be either on an individual unit property book or contained within a 

component pool (e.g., Marine Corps maritime pre-positioning force containers). May 

be temporarily assigned to the Department of Defense common-use container system. 

Also called Service-unique container. See also common-use container. (JP 4-09) 

composite warfare commander — An officer to whom the officer in tactical command of 

a naval task organization may delegate authority to conduct some or all of the offensive 

and defensive functions of the force. Also called CWC. (JP 3-02) 

compromise — The known or suspected exposure of clandestine personnel, installations, or 

other assets or of classified information or material, to an unauthorized person. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

compromised — A term applied to classified matter, knowledge of which has, in whole or 

in part, passed to an unauthorized person or persons, or which has been subject to risk 

of such passing. (JP 2-01.2) 

computer intrusion — An incident of unauthorized access to data or an automated 

information system. 

computer intrusion detection — The process of identifying that a computer intrusion has 

been attempted, is occurring, or has occurred. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

60 JP 1-02 

computer network attack — Actions taken through the use of computer networks to 

disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy information resident in computers and computer 

networks, or the computers and networks themselves. Also called CNA. See also 

computer network defense; computer network exploitation; computer network 

operations. (JP 3-13) 

computer network defense — Actions taken to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and 

respond to unauthorized activity within the Department of Defense information systems 

and computer networks. Also called CND. See also computer network attack; 

computer network exploitation; computer network operations. (JP 6-0) 

computer network exploitation — Enabling operations and intelligence collection 

capabilities conducted through the use of computer networks to gather data from target 

or adversary automated information systems or networks. Also called CNE. See also 

computer network attack; computer network defense; computer network 

operations. (JP 3-13) 

computer network operations — Comprised of computer network attack, computer 

network defense, and related computer network exploitation enabling operations. Also 

called CNO. See also computer network attack; computer network defense; 

computer network exploitation. (JP 3-13) 

computer security — The protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized 

access and exploitation of friendly computer systems. Also called COMPUSEC. See 

also communications security. (JP 6-0) 

computer simulation — See configuration management; validation; verification.

concept of fires — A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses how 

lethal and nonlethal fires will be synchronized and integrated to support the 

commander’s operational objectives. (JP 3-09) 

concept of intelligence operations — A verbal or graphic statement, in broad outline, of an 

intelligence directorate’s assumptions or intent in regard to intelligence support of an 

operation or series of operations. The concept of intelligence operations, which 

supports the commander’s concept of operations, is contained in the intelligence annex 

of operation plans. The concept of intelligence operations is designed to give an overall 

picture of intelligence support for joint operations. It is included primarily for 

additional clarity of purpose. See also concept of operations. (JP 2-0) 

concept of logistic support — A verbal or graphic statement, in a broad outline, of how a 

commander intends to support and integrate with a concept of operations in an 

operation or campaign. (JP 4-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 61 

concept of operations — A verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses 

what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using 

available resources. Also called CONOPS. (JP 5-0) 

concept plan — In the context of joint operation planning level 3 planning detail, an 

operation plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or 

alteration to convert it into a complete operation plan or operation order. Also called 

CONPLAN. See also operation plan. (JP 5-0) 

condition — 1. Those variables of an operational environment or situation in which a unit, 

system, or individual is expected to operate and may affect performance. 2. A physical 

or behavioral state of a system that is required for the achievement of an objective. See 

also joint mission-essential tasks. (JP 3-0) 

conduits — Within military deception, conduits are information or intelligence gateways to 

the deception target. Examples of conduits include: foreign intelligence and security 

services, intelligence collection platforms, open-source intelligence, news media—

foreign and domestic. (JP 3-13.4)

confidential — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the national 

security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. 

(EO 13526) 

configuration management — A discipline applying technical and administrative direction 

and surveillance to: (1) identify and document the functional and physical 

characteristics of a configuration item; (2) control changes to those characteristics; and 

(3) record and report changes to processing and implementation status. (JP 6-0) 

confirmation of information (intelligence) — An information item is said to be confirmed 

when it is reported for the second time, preferably by another independent source 

whose reliability is considered when confirming information. (JP 2-0) 

conflict prevention — A peace operation employing complementary diplomatic, civil, and, 

when necessary, military means, to monitor and identify the causes of conflict, and take 

timely action to prevent the occurrence, escalation, or resumption of hostilities. 

(JP 3-07.3) 

constellation — A number of like satellites that are part of a system. Satellites in a 

constellation generally have a similar orbit. For example, the Global Positioning 

System constellation consists of 24 satellites distributed in six orbital planes with 

similar eccentricities, altitudes, and inclinations. See also Global Positioning System. 

(JP 3-14) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

62 JP 1-02 

constraint — In the context of joint operation planning, a requirement placed on the 

command by a higher command that dictates an action, thus restricting freedom of 

action. See also operational limitation; restraint. (JP 5-0) 

consumer — Person or agency that uses information or intelligence produced by either its 

own staff or other agencies. (JP 2-01) 

consumer logistics — That part of logistics concerning reception of the initial product, 

storage, inspection, distribution, transport, maintenance (including repair and 

serviceability), and disposal of materiel as well as the provision of support and services. 

In consequence, consumer logistics includes materiel requirements determination, 

follow-on support, stock control, provision or construction of facilities (excluding any 

materiel element and those facilities needed to support production logistic activities), 

movement control, codification, reliability and defect reporting, storage, transport and 

handling safety standards, and related training. 

consumption rate — The average quantity of an item consumed or expended during a 

given time interval, expressed in quantities by the most appropriate unit of 

measurement per applicable stated basis. (JP 4-05) 

contact mine — A mine detonated by physical contact. See also mine. (JP 3-15) 

contact point — 1. In land warfare, a point on the terrain, easily identifiable, where two or 

more units are required to make contact. (JP 3-50) 2. In air operations, the position at 

which a mission leader makes radio contact with an air control agency. (JP 3-09.3) 3. 

In personnel recovery, a location where isolated personnel can establish contact with 

recovery forces. Also called CP. See also control point; coordinating point. 

 (JP 3-50) 

contact procedure — Those predesignated actions taken by isolated personnel and 

recovery forces that permit link-up between the two parties in hostile territory and 

facilitate the return of isolated personnel to friendly control. See also evader; 

recovery force. (JP 3-50) 

container — An article of transport equipment that meets American National Standards 

Institute/International Organization for Standardization standards that is designed to be 

transported by various modes of transportation. These containers are also designed to 

facilitate and optimize the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transportation 

without intermediate handling of the contents and equipped with features permitting 

ready handling and transfer from one mode to another. Containers may be fully 

enclosed with one or more doors, open top, refrigerated, tank, open rack, gondola, 

flatrack, and other designs. See also containerization. (JP 4-01) 

container control officer — A designated official (E6 or above or civilian equivalent) 

within a command, installation, or activity who is responsible for control, reporting, 

use, and maintenance of all Department of Defense-owned and controlled intermodal 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 63 

containers and equipment. This officer has custodial responsibility for containers from 

time received until dispatched. (JP 4-09) 

container-handling equipment — Items of materials-handling equipment required to 

specifically receive, maneuver, and dispatch International Organization for 

Standardization containers. Also called CHE. See also materials handling 

equipment. (JP 4-09) 

containerization — The use of containers to unitize cargo for transportation, supply, and 

storage. Containerization incorporates supply, transportation, packaging, storage, and 

security together with visibility of container and its contents into a distribution system 

from source to user. See also container. (JP 4-01) 

containership — A ship specially constructed and equipped to carry only containers 

without associated equipment, in all available cargo spaces, either below or above deck. 

Containerships are usually non-self-sustaining, do not have built-in capability to load or 

off-load containers, and require port crane service. A containership with shipboardinstalled cranes capable of loading and off-loading containers without assistance of port 

crane service is considered self-sustaining. (JP 4-09) 

containership cargo stowage adapter — Serves as the bottom-most temporary deck and 

precludes the necessity of strengthening of tank tops or the installation of hard points 

on decks, thereby accelerating containership readiness. (JP 4-01.6) 

contaminated remains — Remains of personnel which have absorbed or upon which have 

been deposited radioactive material, or biological or chemical agents. See also

mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) 

contamination — 1. The deposit, absorption, or adsorption of radioactive material, or of 

biological or chemical agents on or by structures, areas, personnel, or objects. See also 

residual radiation. 2. Food and/or water made unfit for consumption by humans or 

animals because of the presence of environmental chemicals, radioactive elements, 

bacteria or organisms, the byproduct of the growth of bacteria or organisms, the 

decomposing material (to include the food substance itself), or waste in the food or 

water. (JP 3-11) 

contamination avoidance — Individual and/or unit measures taken to reduce the effects of 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards. (JP 3-11)

contamination control — A combination of preparatory and responsive measures designed 

to limit the vulnerability of forces to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and 

toxic industrial hazards and to avoid, contain, control exposure to, and, where possible, 

neutralize them. See also biological agent; chemical agent; contamination. 

 (JP 3-11) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

64 JP 1-02 

contiguous zone — 1. A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not extend 

beyond 24 nautical miles (nms) from the baselines from which the breadth of the 

territorial sea is measured. Within the contiguous zone the coastal state may exercise 

the control necessary to prevent and punish infringement of its customs, fiscal, 

immigration, or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea. In all 

other respects the contiguous zone is an area subject to high seas freedom of 

navigation, overflight, and related freedoms, such as the conduct of military exercises. 

2. The zone of the ocean extending 3-12 nms from the US coastline. 

continental United States — United States territory, including the adjacent territorial 

waters, located within North America between Canada and Mexico. Also called

CONUS.

contingency — A situation requiring military operations in response to natural disasters, 

terrorists, subversives, or as otherwise directed by appropriate authority to protect US 

interests. See also contingency contracting. (JP 5-0) 

contingency contract — A legally binding agreement for supplies, services, and 

construction let by government contracting officers in the operational area as well as 

other contracts that have a prescribed area of performance within a designated 

operational area. See also external support contract; systems support contract; 

theater support contract. (JP 4-10)

contingency contracting — The process of obtaining goods, services, and construction via 

contracting means in support of contingency operations. See also contingency; 

contingency contract. (JP 4-10)

contingency engineering management organization — An organization formed by the 

combatant commander, or subordinate joint force commander to augment their staffs 

with additional Service engineering expertise for planning and construction 

management. See also combat engineering; contingency; crisis action planning; 

geospatial engineering. (JP 3-34) 

contingency operation — A military operation that is either designated by the Secretary of 

Defense as a contingency operation or becomes a contingency operation as a matter of 

law (Title 10, United States Code, Section 101[a][13]). It is a military operation that: a. 

is designated by the Secretary of Defense as an operation in which members of the 

Armed Forces are or may become involved in military actions, operations, or hostilities 

against an enemy of the United States or against an opposing force; or b. is created by 

definition of law. Under Title 10, United States Code, Section 101 (a)(13)(B), a 

contingency operation exists if a military operation results in the (1) call-up to (or 

retention on) active duty of members of the uniformed Services under certain 

enumerated statutes (Title 10, United States Code, Sections 688, 12301[a], 12302, 

12304, 12305, 12406, or 331-335); and (2) the call-up to (or retention on) active duty of 

members of the uniformed Services under other (non-enumerated) statutes during war 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 65 

or national emergency declared by the President or Congress. See also contingency; 

operation. (JP 1) 

contingency plan — A plan for major contingencies that can reasonably be anticipated in 

the principal geographic subareas of the command. (JP 5-0) 

Contingency Planning Guidance — The Contingency Planning Guidance (CPG) fulfills 

the statutory duty of the Secretary of Defense to furnish written policy guidance 

annually to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for contingency planning. The 

Secretary issues this guidance with the approval of the President after consultation with 

the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The CPG focuses the guidance given in the 

National Security Strategy and Defense Planning Guidance, and is the principal source 

document for the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan. Also called CPG. 

contingency response program — Fast reaction transportation procedures intended to 

provide for priority use of land transportation assets by Department of Defense when 

required. Also called CORE. (JP 4-01) 

contingency retention stock — That portion of the quantity of an item excess to the 

approved force retention level for which there is no predictable demand or quantifiable 

requirement, and which normally would be allocated as potential DOD excess stock, 

except for a determination that the quantity will be retained for possible contingencies 

for United States forces. (Category C ships, aircraft, and other items being retained as 

contingency reserve are included in this stratum.) 

contingency ZIP Code — A ZIP Code consisting of a five-digit base with a four-digit addon to assist in routing and sorting assigned by Military Postal Service Agency to a 

contingency post office for the tactical use of the Armed Forces on a temporary basis. 

(JP 1-0) 

continuity of command — The degree or state of being continuous in the exercise of the 

authority vested in an individual of the Armed Forces for the direction, coordination, 

and control of military forces. 

continuity of operations — The degree or state of being continuous in the conduct of 

functions, tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish a military action or mission in 

carrying out the national military strategy. Also called COOP. (JP 3-0) 

contour flight — See terrain flight.

contract administration — A subset of contracting that includes efforts to ensure that 

supplies, services, and construction are delivered in accordance with the terms and 

conditions of the contract. (JP 4-10)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

66 JP 1-02 

contracted logistic support — Support in which maintenance operations for a particular 

military system are performed exclusively by contract support personnel. Also called

CLS. See also logistic support; support. (JP 4-07) 

contracting officer — The Service member or Department of Defense civilian with the 

legal authority to enter into, administer, modify, and/or terminate contracts. (JP 4-10) 

contracting officer representative — A Service member or Department of Defense 

civilian appointed in writing and trained by a contracting officer, responsible for 

monitoring contract performance and performing other duties specified by their 

appointment letter. Also called COR. (JP 4-10)

contractor management — The oversight and integration of contractor personnel and 

associated equipment providing support to the joint force in a designated operational 

area. (JP 4-10)

contractors authorized to accompany the force — Contingency contractor employees and 

all tiers of subcontractor employees who are specifically authorized through their 

contract to accompany the force and have protected status in accordance with 

international conventions. Also called CAAF. (JP 4-10)

contractors not authorized to accompany the force — Contingency contractor employees 

and all tiers of subcontractor employees who are not authorized through their contract 

to accompany the force and do not have protected status in accordance with 

international conventions. Also called non-CAAF. (JP 4-10)

contract support integration — The coordination and synchronization of contracted support 

executed in a designated operational area in support of the joint force. (JP 4-10)

contract termination — Defense procurement: the cessation or cancellation, in whole or in 

part, of work under a prime contract or a subcontract thereunder for the convenience of, 

or at the option of, the government, or due to failure of the contractor to perform in 

accordance with the terms of the contract (default). (JP 4-10) 

control — 1. Authority that may be less than full command exercised by a commander over 

part of the activities of subordinate or other organizations. (JP 1) 2. In mapping, 

charting, and photogrammetry, a collective term for a system of marks or objects on the 

Earth or on a map or a photograph, whose positions or elevations (or both) have been or 

will be determined. (JP 2-03) 3. Physical or psychological pressures exerted with the 

intent to assure that an agent or group will respond as directed. (JP 3-0) 4. An 

indicator governing the distribution and use of documents, information, or material. 

Such indicators are the subject of intelligence community agreement and are 

specifically defined in appropriate regulations. (JP 2-01) See also administrative 

control; operational control; tactical control. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 67 

control area — A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the 

Earth. See also controlled airspace; control zone; terminal control area. (JP 3-04) 

control group — Personnel, ships, and craft designated to control the waterborne ship-toshore movement. (JP 3-02) 

controlled airspace — An airspace of defined dimensions within which civilian air traffic 

control services are provided to control flights. (JP 3-52) 

controlled firing area — An area in which ordnance firing is conducted under controlled 

conditions so as to eliminate hazard to aircraft in flight. See also restricted area.

controlled information — 1. Information conveyed to an adversary in a deception 

operation to evoke desired appreciations. 2. Information and indicators deliberately 

conveyed or denied to foreign targets to evoke invalid official estimates that result in 

foreign official actions advantageous to US interests and objectives. (JP 2-01.2) 

controlled shipping — Shipping that is controlled by the Military Sealift Command. 

Included in this category are Military Sealift Command ships (United States naval 

ships), government-owned ships operated under a general agency agreement, and 

commercial ships under charter to the Military Sealift Command. See also Military 

Sealift Command; United States naval ship. (JP 3-02.1) 

controlled source — In counterintelligence use, a person employed by or under the control 

of an intelligence activity and responding to intelligence tasking. (JP 2-01.2) 

controlled substance — A drug or other substance, or immediate precursor included in 

Schedule I, II, III, IV, or V of the Controlled Substances Act. (JP 3-07.4) 

controlled technical services — The controlled use of technology to enhance 

counterintelligence and human intelligence activities. Also called CTS. (JP 2-01.2) 

control point — 1. A position along a route of march at which men are stationed to give 

information and instructions for the regulation of supply or traffic. 2. A position 

marked by coordinates (latitude, longitude), a buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, 

conspicuous terrain feature, or other identifiable object which is given a name or 

number and used as an aid to navigation or control of ships, boats, or aircraft. 3. In 

marking mosaics, a point located by ground survey with which a corresponding point 

on a photograph is matched as a check. (JP 3-09.3) 

control zone — A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the Earth to a 

specified upper limit. See also control area; controlled airspace; terminal control 

area. (JP 3-52) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

68 JP 1-02 

conventional forces — 1. Those forces capable of conducting operations using nonnuclear 

weapons. 2. Those forces other than designated special operations forces. Also called 

CF. (JP 3-05) 

conventional mines — Land mines, other than nuclear or chemical, that are not designed to 

self-destruct; are designed to be emplaced by hand or mechanical means; and can be 

buried or surface emplaced. See also mine. (JP 3-15) 

converge — A request or command used in a call for fire to indicate that the observer or 

spotter desires a sheaf in which the planes of fire intersect at a point. 

convoy — 1. A number of merchant ships and/or naval auxiliaries usually escorted by 

warships and/or aircraft — or a single merchant ship or naval auxiliary under surface 

escort — assembled and organized for the purpose of passage together. 2. A group of 

vehicles organized for the purpose of control and orderly movement with or without 

escort protection that moves over the same route at the same time and under one 

commander. (JP 3-02.1) 

convoy escort — 1. A naval ship(s) or aircraft in company with a convoy and responsible 

for its protection. 2. An escort to protect a convoy of vehicles from being scattered, 

destroyed, or captured. See also escort. (JP 4-01.5) 

cooperating agency — An agency that provides technical and resource support (including 

planning, training, and exercising), at the request of the coordinating agency, to conduct 

operations using their own authorities, subject-matter experts, capabilities or resources 

(i.e., personnel, equipment, or other resource support). The Department of Defense is 

considered a cooperating agency for the majority of the National Response Plan 

support annexes. (JP 3-28) 

cooperative logistics — The logistic support provided a foreign government or agency 

through its participation in the US Department of Defense logistic system, with 

reimbursement to the United States for support provided. 

cooperative logistic support arrangements — The combining term for procedural 

arrangements (cooperative logistic arrangements) and implementing procedures 

(supplementary procedures) that together support, define, or implement cooperative 

logistic understandings between the United States and a friendly foreign government 

under peacetime conditions. 

cooperative security location — A facility located outside the United States and US 

territories with little or no permanent US presence, maintained with periodic Service, 

contractor, or host-nation support. Cooperative security locations provide contingency 

access, logistic support, and rotational use by operating forces and are a focal point for 

security cooperation activities. Also called CSL. See also forward operating site; 

main operating base. (CJCS CM-0007-05)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 69 

coordinated fire line — A line beyond which conventional and indirect surface fire support 

means may fire at any time within the boundaries of the establishing headquarters 

without additional coordination. The purpose of the coordinated fire line is to expedite 

the surface-to-surface attack of targets beyond the coordinated fire line without 

coordination with the ground commander in whose area the targets are located. Also 

called CFL. See also fire support. (JP 3-09) 

Coordinated Universal Time — An atomic time scale that is the basis for broadcast time 

signals. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) differs from International Atomic Time by 

an integral number of seconds; it is maintained within 0.9 seconds of UT1 (see 

Universal Time) by introduction of Leap Seconds. The rotational orientation of the 

Earth, specified by UT1, may be obtained to an accuracy of a tenth of a second by 

applying the UTC to the increment DUT1 (where DUT1 = UT1 - UTC) that is 

broadcast in code with the time signals. Also called UTC. See also Universal Time; 

ZULU Time.

coordinating agency — An agency that supports the incident management mission by 

providing the leadership, expertise, and authorities to implement critical and specific 

aspects of the response. Responsible for orchestrating a coordinated response, provides 

staff for operations functions, notifies and tasks cooperating agencies, manages tasks 

with cooperating agencies, works with private-sector organizations, communicates 

ongoing activities to organizational elements, plans for short- and long-term incident 

management and maintains trained personnel to execute their appropriate support 

responsibilities. (JP 3-28) 

coordinating altitude — An airspace coordinating measure that uses altitude to separate 

users and as the transition between different airspace coordinating entities.. (JP 3-52) 

coordinating authority — A commander or individual assigned responsibility for 

coordinating specific functions or activities involving forces of two or more Military 

Departments, two or more joint force components, or two or more forces of the same 

Service. The commander or individual has the authority to require consultation 

between the agencies involved, but does not have the authority to compel agreement. 

In the event that essential agreement cannot be obtained, the matter shall be referred to 

the appointing authority. Coordinating authority is a consultation relationship, not an 

authority through which command may be exercised. Coordinating authority is more 

applicable to planning and similar activities than to operations. (JP 1) 

coordinating point — (*) Designated point at which, in all types of combat, adjacent 

units/formations must make contact for purposes of control and coordination. 

coordinating review authority — An agency appointed by a Service or combatant 

command to coordinate with and assist the primary review authority in joint doctrine 

development and maintenance. Also called CRA. See also joint doctrine; joint 

publication; lead agent; primary review authority. (CJCSM 5120.01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

70 JP 1-02 

corps support command — Provides corps logistic support and command and control of 

water supply battalions. (JP 4-01.6) 

cost-plus award fee contract — A type of contract that provides for a payment consisting 

of a base amount fixed at inception of the contract along with an award amount that is 

based upon a judgmental evaluation by the United States Government. (JP 4-10) 

cost-type contract — A contract that provides for payment to the contractor of allowable 

cost, to the extent prescribed in the contract, incurred in performance of the contract. 

(JP 4-10)

counterair — A mission that integrates offensive and defensive operations to attain and 

maintain a desired degree of air superiority and protection by neutralizing or destroying 

enemy aircraft and missiles, both before and after launch. See also air superiority; 

mission; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) 

counterdeception — Efforts to negate, neutralize, diminish the effects of, or gain advantage 

from a foreign deception operation. Counterdeception does not include the intelligence 

function of identifying foreign deception operations. (JP 3-13.4)

counterdrug — Those active measures taken to detect, monitor, and counter the 

production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. Also called CD and counternarcotics 

(CN). (JP 3-07.4) 

counterdrug activities — Those measures taken to detect, interdict, disrupt, or curtail any 

activity that is reasonably related to illicit drug trafficking. This includes, but is not 

limited to, measures taken to detect, interdict, disrupt, or curtail activities related to 

substances, materiel, weapons, or resources used to finance, support, secure, cultivate, 

process, or transport illegal drugs. (JP 3-07.4) 

counterdrug nonoperational support — Support provided to law enforcement agencies or 

host nations that includes loan or lease of equipment without operators, use of facilities 

(such as buildings, training areas, and ranges), training conducted in formal schools, 

transfer of excess equipment, or other support provided by the Services from forces not 

assigned or made available to the combatant commanders. See also counterdrug 

operational support; counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) 

counterdrug operational support — Support to host nations and drug law enforcement 

agencies involving military personnel and their associated equipment, provided by the 

geographic combatant commanders from forces assigned to them or made available to 

them by the Services for this purpose. See also counterdrug nonoperational 

support; counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) 

counterdrug operations — Civil or military actions taken to reduce or eliminate illicit 

drug trafficking. See also counterdrug; counterdrug nonoperational support; 

counterdrug operational support. (JP 3-07.4) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 71 

counterespionage — That aspect of counterintelligence designed to detect, destroy, 

neutralize, exploit, or prevent espionage activities through identification, penetration, 

manipulation, deception, and repression of individuals, groups, or organizations 

conducting or suspected of conducting espionage activities. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterfire — Fire intended to destroy or neutralize enemy weapons. Includes 

counterbattery and countermortar fire. (JP 3-09) 

counterforce — The employment of strategic air and missile forces in an effort to destroy, 

or render impotent, selected military capabilities of an enemy force under any of the 

circumstances by which hostilities may be initiated. 

counterguerrilla operations — Operations and activities conducted by armed forces, 

paramilitary forces, or nonmilitary agencies against guerrillas. (JP 3-24) 

counter-improvised explosive device operations — The organization, integration, and 

synchronization of capabilities that enable offensive, defensive, stability, and support 

operations across all phases of operations or campaigns in order to defeat improvised 

explosive devices as operational and strategic weapons of influence. Also called CIED operations. (JP 3-15.1) 

counterinsurgency — Comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to defeat an 

insurgency and to address any core grievances. Also called COIN. (JP 3-24) 

counterintelligence — Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, 

exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or 

assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or 

their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. Also called CI. See 

also counterespionage; security. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence activities — One or more of the five functions of counterintelligence: 

operations, investigations, collection, analysis and production, and functional services. 

See also analysis and production; collection; counterintelligence; operation. 

 (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence collection — The systematic acquisition of information (through 

investigations, operations, or liaison) concerning espionage, sabotage, terrorism, other 

intelligence activities or assassinations conducted by or on behalf of foreign 

governments or elements thereof, foreign organizations, or foreign persons that are 

directed against or threaten Department of Defense interests. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence insider threat — A person, known or suspected, who uses their 

authorized access to Department of Defense facilities, systems, equipment, information 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

72 JP 1-02 

or infrastructure to damage, disrupt operations, commit espionage on behalf of a 

foreign intelligence entity or support international terrorist organizations. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence investigation — An official, systematic search for facts to determine 

whether a person(s) is engaged in activities that may be injurious to US national 

security or advantageous to a foreign power. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence operational tasking authority — The levying of counterintelligence 

requirements specific to joint military activities and operations. Counterintelligence 

operational tasking authority is exercised through supporting components. Also called 

CIOTA. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence operations — Proactive activities designed to identify, exploit, 

neutralize, or deter foreign intelligence collection and terrorist activities directed against 

the United States. See also counterintelligence; operation. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence production — The process of analyzing all-source information 

concerning espionage or other multidiscipline intelligence collection threats, sabotage, 

terrorism, and other related threats to US military commanders, the Department of 

Defense, and the US Intelligence Community and developing it into a final product that 

is disseminated. Counterintelligence production is used in formulating security policy, 

plans, and operations. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

counterintelligence support — Conducting counterintelligence activities to protect against 

espionage and other foreign intelligence activities, sabotage, international terrorist 

activities, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, 

or persons. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

countermeasures — That form of military science that, by the employment of devices 

and/or techniques, has as its objective the impairment of the operational effectiveness 

of enemy activity. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

countermobility operations — The construction of obstacles and emplacement of 

minefields to delay, disrupt, and destroy the enemy by reinforcement of the terrain. See 

also minefield; operation; target acquisition. (JP 3-34) 

counternarcotics — See counterdrug. (JP 3-07.4) 

counterproliferation — Those actions taken to defeat the threat and/or use of weapons of 

mass destruction against the United States, our forces, friends, allies, and partners. 

Also called CP. See also nonproliferation. (JP 3-40) 

countersurveillance — All measures, active or passive, taken to counteract hostile 

surveillance. See also surveillance. (JP 3-07.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 73 

counterterrorism — Actions taken directly against terrorist networks and indirectly to 

influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist 

networks. Also called CT. See also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; terrorism. 

(JP 3-26) 

country team — The senior, in-country, US coordinating and supervising body, headed by 

the chief of the US diplomatic mission, and composed of the senior member of each 

represented US department or agency, as desired by the chief of the US diplomatic 

mission. Also called CT. (JP 3-07.4) 

coup de main — An offensive operation that capitalizes on surprise and simultaneous 

execution of supporting operations to achieve success in one swift stroke. (JP 3-0) 

courier — A messenger (usually a commissioned or warrant officer) responsible for the 

secure physical transmission and delivery of documents and material. (JP 2-01) 

course of action — 1. Any sequence of activities that an individual or unit may follow. 2. 

A scheme developed to accomplish a mission. 3. A product of the course-of-action 

development step of the joint operation planning process. Also called COA. (JP 5-0) 

cover — In intelligence usage, those measures necessary to give protection to a person, 

plan, operation, formation, or installation from the enemy intelligence effort and 

leakage of information. (JP 2-01.2) 

covering fire — 1. Fire used to protect troops when they are within range of enemy small 

arms. 2. In amphibious usage, fire delivered prior to the landing to cover preparatory 

operations such as underwater demolition or mine countermeasures. (JP 3-02) 

covering force — 1. A force operating apart from the main force for the purpose of 

intercepting, engaging, delaying, disorganizing, and deceiving the enemy before the 

enemy can attack the force covered. 2. Any body or detachment of troops which 

provides security for a larger force by observation, reconnaissance, attack, or defense, 

or by any combination of these methods. (JP 3-18) 

covert operation — An operation that is so planned and executed as to conceal the identity 

of or permit plausible denial by the sponsor. See also clandestine operation; overt 

operation. (JP 3-05) 

coxswain — A person in charge of a small craft (in the Army, a Class B or smaller craft) 

who often functions as the helmsman. For a causeway ferry, the pilot is in charge with 

the coxswain performing helmsman functions. See causeway. (JP 4-01.6) 

crash rescue and fire suppression — Extraction of aircrew members from crashed or 

burning aircraft and the control of related fires. (JP 3-34) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

74 JP 1-02 

crater — The pit, depression, or cavity formed in the surface of the Earth by an explosion. 

It may range from saucer shaped to conical, depending largely on the depth of burst. In 

the case of a deep underground burst, no rupture of the surface may occur. The 

resulting cavity is termed a “camouflet.” 

crisis — An incident or situation involving a threat to the United States, its citizens, military 

forces, or vital interests that develops rapidly and creates a condition of such 

diplomatic, economic, or military importance that commitment of military forces and 

resources is contemplated to achieve national objectives. (JP 3-0) 

crisis action planning — The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving 

the time-sensitive development of joint operation plans and operation orders for the 

deployment, employment, and sustainment of assigned and allocated forces and 

resources in response to an imminent crisis. Also called CAP. See also joint 

operation planning; Joint Operation Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0) 

crisis management — Measures to identify, acquire, and plan the use of resources needed 

to anticipate, prevent, and/or resolve a threat or an act of terrorism. It is predominantly 

a law enforcement response, normally executed under federal law. Also called CrM. 

(JP 3-28) 

critical asset — A specific entity that is of such extraordinary importance that its 

incapacitation or destruction would have a very serious, debilitating effect on the ability 

of a nation to continue to function effectively. (JP 3-07.2) 

critical asset list — A prioritized list of assets or areas, normally identified by phase of the 

operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against 

air and missile threats. Also called CAL. (JP 3-01) 

critical capability — A means that is considered a crucial enabler for a center of gravity to 

function as such and is essential to the accomplishment of the specified or assumed 

objective(s). (JP 5-0) 

critical information — Specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities 

vitally needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively so as to guarantee 

failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment. (JP 2-0) 

critical infrastructure protection — Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate the 

risks resulting from vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure assets. Depending on the 

risk, these actions could include: changes in tactics, techniques, or procedures; adding 

redundancy; selection of another asset; isolation or hardening; guarding, etc. Also 

called CIP. See also defense critical infrastructure; national critical infrastructure 

and key assets. (JP 3-28) 

critical intelligence — Intelligence that is crucial and requires the immediate attention of 

the commander. It is required to enable the commander to make decisions that will 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 75 

provide a timely and appropriate response to actions by the potential or actual enemy. 

It includes but is not limited to the following: a. strong indications of the imminent 

outbreak of hostilities of any type (warning of attack); b. aggression of any nature 

against a friendly country; c. indications or use of chemical, biological, radiological, 

nuclear, or high-yield explosives weapons; and d. significant events within adversary 

countries that may lead to modifications of nuclear strike plans. (JP 2-0) 

critical item — An essential item which is in short supply or expected to be in short supply 

for an extended period. See also critical supplies and materiel. (JP 4-01.5) 

critical item list — Prioritized list, compiled from a subordinate commander’s composite 

critical item lists, identifying supply items and weapon systems that assist Service and 

Defense Logistics Agency’s selection of supply items and systems for production surge 

planning. Also may be used in operational situations by the combatant commander 

and/or subordinate joint force commander (within combatant commander directives) to 

cross-level critical supply items between Service components. Also called CIL. See 

also critical item. (JP 4-07) 

criticality assessment — An assessment that identifies key assets and infrastructure that 

support Department of Defense missions, units, or activities and are deemed mission 

critical by military commanders or civilian agency managers. It addresses the impact 

of temporary or permanent loss of key assets or infrastructures to the installation or a 

unit’s ability to perform its mission. It examines costs of recovery and reconstitution 

including time, dollars, capability, and infrastructure support. (JP 3-07.2) 

critical joint duty assignment billet — A joint duty assignment position for which, 

considering the duties and responsibilities of the position, it is highly important that the 

assigned officer be particularly trained in, and oriented toward, joint matters. (JP 1-0) 

critical occupational specialty — A military occupational specialty selected from among 

the combat arms in the Army or equivalent military specialties in the Navy, Air Force, 

or Marine Corps. Equivalent military specialties are those engaged in operational art in 

order to attain strategic goals in an operational area through the design, organization, 

and conduct of campaigns and major operations. Critical occupational specialties are 

designated by the Secretary of Defense. Also called COS. 

critical point — 1. A key geographical point or position important to the success of an 

operation. 2. In point of time, a crisis or a turning point in an operation. 3. A selected 

point along a line of march used for reference in giving instructions. 4. A point where 

there is a change of direction or change in slope in a ridge or stream. 5. Any point 

along a route of march where interference with a troop movement may occur. 

critical requirement — An essential condition, resource, and means for a critical capability 

to be fully operational. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

76 JP 1-02 

critical supplies and materiel — Those supplies vital to the support of operations, which 

owing to various causes are in short supply or are expected to be in short supply. See 

also critical item. (JP 4-0) 

critical sustainability item — Any item described at National Stock Number level of 

detail, by federal supply class, as part of the logistic factors file, that significantly affect 

the commander’s ability to execute an operation plan. Also called CSI.

critical vulnerability — An aspect of a critical requirement which is deficient or vulnerable 

to direct or indirect attack that will create decisive or significant effects. (JP 5-0) 

cross-leveling — The authority and ability to shift materiel inventory from one owner to 

meet the requirement of another. At the theater strategic level and operational level, it 

is the process of diverting en route or in-theater materiel from one military element to 

meet the higher priority of another within the combatant commander’s directive 

authority for logistics. Cross-leveling plans must include specific reimbursement 

procedures. (JP 4-07) 

cross-loading (personnel) — The distribution of leaders, key weapons, personnel, and key 

equipment among the aircraft, vessels, or vehicles of a formation to preclude the total 

loss of command and control or unit effectiveness if an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle is 

lost. It is also an important factor in aiding rapid assembly of units at the drop zone or 

landing zone. (JP 3-17) 

cross-servicing — A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by 

one Military Service in support of another Military Service and for which 

reimbursement is required from the Service receiving support. See also acquisition 

and cross-servicing agreement; common-user logistics; servicing. (JP 4-07) 

cross-targeting (nuclear) — The layering of weapons from different delivery platforms to 

increase the probability of target damage or destruction. 

cruise missile — Guided missile, the major portion of whose flight path to its target is 

conducted at approximately constant velocity; depends on the dynamic reaction of air 

for lift and upon propulsion forces to balance drag. (JP 3-01) 

culminating point — The point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its 

form of operations, offense or defense. (JP 5-0) 

current — A body of water moving in a certain direction and caused by wind and density 

differences in water. The effects of a current are modified by water depth, underwater 

topography, basin shape, land masses, and deflection from the earth’s rotation. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

current force — The actual force structure and/or manning available to meet present 

contingencies. See also force. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 77 

current intelligence — One of two categories of descriptive intelligence that is concerned 

with describing the existing situation. (JP 2-0) 

current, offshore — Deep water movements caused by tides or seasonal changes in ocean 

water level. (JP 4-01.6) 

current, rip — A water movement that flows from the beach through the surf zone in 

swiftly moving narrow channels. See also surf zone. (JP 4-01.6) 

cusps — Ridges of beach material extending seaward from the beach face with intervening 

troughs. (JP 4-01.6) 

custody — 1. The responsibility for the control of, transfer and movement of, and access to, 

weapons and components. Custody also includes the maintenance of accountability for 

weapons and components. 2. Temporary restraint of a person. 

customer direct — A materiel acquisition and distribution method that requires vendor 

delivery directly to the customer. Also called CD. (JP 4-09) 

customer wait time — The total elapsed time between issuance of a customer order and 

satisfaction of that order. Also called CWT. (JP 4-09) 

Customs Over-The-Horizon Enforcement Network — United States Customs Service 

long-range voice communications system. Also called COTHEN. (JP 3-07.4) 

cyber counterintelligence — Measures to identify, penetrate, or neutralize foreign 

operations that use cyber means as the primary tradecraft methodology, as well as 

foreign intelligence service collection efforts that use traditional methods to gauge 

cyber capabilities and intentions. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

cyberspace — A global domain within the information environment consisting of the 

interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, including the 

Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors 

and controllers. (CJCS CM-0363-08) 

cyberspace operations — The employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary 

purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

78 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

D 

JP 1-02 79 

damage assessment — 1. The determination of the effect of attacks on targets. 2. A 

determination of the effect of a compromise of classified information on national 

security. (JP 3-60) 

damage criteria — The critical levels of various effects, such as blast pressure and thermal 

radiation, required to achieve specified levels of damage. 

damage estimation — A preliminary appraisal of the potential effects of an attack. See 

also attack assessment.

damage expectancy (nuclear) — The probability that a weapon will arrive, detonate, and 

achieve at least a specified level of damage (severe or moderate) against a given target. 

Damage expectancy is a function of both probability of arrival and probability of 

damage of a weapon. 

danger close — In close air support, artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support fires, it is 

the term included in the method of engagement segment of a call for fire which 

indicates that friendly forces are within close proximity of the target. The close 

proximity distance is determined by the weapon and munition fired. See also final 

protective fire. (JP 3-09.3)

dangerous cargo — Cargo which, because of its dangerous properties, is subject to special 

regulations for its transport. (JP 4-01.5)

data — Representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable 

for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means. 

Any representations such as characters or analog quantities to which meaning is or 

might be assigned. (JP 3-13) 

database — Information that is normally structured and indexed for user access and review. 

Databases may exist in the form of physical files (folders, documents, etc.) or formatted 

automated data processing system data files. (JP 2-0) 

data element — 1. A basic unit of information built on standard structures having a unique 

meaning and distinct units or values. 2. In electronic recordkeeping, a combination of 

characters or bytes referring to one separate item of information, such as name, address, 

or age. (JP 1-0) 

data item — A subunit of descriptive information or value classified under a data element. 

For example, the data element “military personnel grade” contains data items such as 

sergeant, captain, and colonel. 

date-time group — The date and time, expressed as six digits followed by the time zone 

suffix at which the message was prepared for transmission (first pair of digits denotes 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

80 JP 1-02 

the date, second pair the hours, third pair the minutes, followed by a three-letter month 

abbreviation and two-digit year abbreviation.). Also called DTG. (JP 5-0) 

datum (geodetic) — 1. A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the latitude and 

longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from that point, and the parameters of 

the reference ellipsoid. 2. The mathematical model of the earth used to calculate the 

coordinates on any map. Different nations use different datum for printing coordinates 

on their maps. (JP 2-03) 

davit — A small crane on a vessel that is used to raise and lower small boats, such as 

lifeboats, side loadable warping tugs, or causeway sections. (JP 4-01.6) 

D-day — See times. (JP 3-02) 

de-arming — An operation in which a weapon is changed from a state of readiness for 

initiation to a safe condition. Also called safing. See also arm or de-arm. (JP 3-04) 

debarkation — The unloading of troops, equipment, or supplies from a ship or aircraft. (JP 3-02.1) 

debarkation schedule —A schedule that provides for the timely and orderly debarkation 

of troops and equipment and emergency supplies for the waterborne ship-to-shore 

movement. (JP 3-02.1) 

decedent effects — Personal effects found on human remains. Also called DE. (JP 4-06)

decentralized control — In air defense, the normal mode whereby a higher echelon 

monitors unit actions, making direct target assignments to units only when necessary to 

ensure proper fire distribution or to prevent engagement of friendly aircraft. See also 

centralized control. (JP 3-01) 

decentralized execution — Delegation of execution authority to subordinate commanders. 

(JP 3-30) 

deception action — A collection of related deception events that form a major component 

of a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception concept — The deception course of action forwarded to the Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff for review as part of the combatant commander’s strategic 

concept. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception event — A deception means executed at a specific time and location in support 

of a deception operation. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception means — Methods, resources, and techniques that can be used to convey 

information to the deception target. There are three categories of deception means: a. 

physical means. Activities and resources used to convey or deny selected information 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 81 

to a foreign power. b. technical means. Military material resources and their 

associated operating techniques used to convey or deny selected information to a 

foreign power. c. administrative means. Resources, methods, and techniques to 

convey or deny oral, pictorial, documentary, or other physical evidence to a foreign 

power. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception objective — The desired result of a deception operation expressed in terms of 

what the adversary is to do or not to do at the critical time and/or location. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception story — A scenario that outlines the friendly actions that will be portrayed to 

cause the deception target to adopt the desired perception. (JP 3-13.4) 

deception target — The adversary decision maker with the authority to make the decision 

that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) 

decision — In an estimate of the situation, a clear and concise statement of the line of action 

intended to be followed by the commander as the one most favorable to the successful 

accomplishment of the assigned mission. (JP 5-0) 

decision point — A point in space and time when the commander or staff anticipates 

making a key decision concerning a specific course of action. See also course of 

action; decision support template; target area of interest. (JP 5-0) 

decision support template — A combined intelligence and operations graphic based on the 

results of wargaming. The decision support template depicts decision points, timelines 

associated with movement of forces and the flow of the operation, and other key items 

of information required to execute a specific friendly course of action. See also course 

of action; decision point. (JP 2-01.3) 

decisive point — A geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that, 

when acted upon, allows commanders to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or 

contribute materially to achieving success. See also center of gravity. (JP 5-0) 

deck status light — A three-colored light (red, amber, green) controlled from the primary 

flight control. Navy — The light displays the status of the ship to support flight 

operations. United States Coast Guard — The light displays clearance for a helicopter 

to conduct a given evolution. (JP 3-04)

declassification — The determination that, in the interests of national security, classified 

information no longer requires any degree of protection against unauthorized 

disclosure, coupled with removal or cancellation of the classification designation. 

decompression — In personnel recovery, the process of normalizing psychological and 

behavioral reactions that recovered isolated personnel experienced or are currently 

experiencing as a result of their isolation and recovery. (JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

82 JP 1-02 

decontamination — The process of making any person, object, or area safe by absorbing, 

destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, or removing chemical or biological agents, 

or by removing radioactive material clinging to or around it. (JP 3-11) 

decoy — An imitation in any sense of a person, object, or phenomenon which is intended to 

deceive enemy surveillance devices or mislead enemy evaluation. Also called dummy. 

(JP 3-13.4)

defended asset list —A listing of those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the 

joint force commander to be defended with the resources available. Also called DAL. 

(JP 3-01) 

Defense Communications System — Department of Defense long-haul voice, data, and 

record traffic system which includes the Defense Data Network, Defense Satellite 

Communications System, and Defense Switched Network. Also called DCS. See also

Defense Switched Network. (JP 3-07.4) 

defense coordinating element — A staff and military liaison officers who assist the 

defense coordinating officer in facilitating coordination and support to activated 

emergency support functions. Also called DCE. (JP 3-28) 

defense coordinating officer — Department of Defense single point of contact for 

domestic emergencies. Assigned to a joint field office to process requirements for 

military support, forward mission assignments through proper channels to the 

appropriate military organizations, and assign military liaisons, as appropriate, to 

activated emergency support functions. Also called DCO. (JP 3-28) 

defense critical infrastructure — Department of Defense and non-Department of Defense 

networked assets and essential to project, support, and sustain military forces and 

operations worldwide. Also called DCI. (JP 3-27) 

defense emergency — An emergency condition that exists when: a. a major attack is made 

upon US forces overseas or on allied forces in any theater and is confirmed by either 

the commander of a command established by the Secretary of Defense or higher 

authority; or b. an overt attack of any type is made upon the United States and is 

confirmed either by the commander of a command established by the Secretary of 

Defense or higher authority. 

defense human intelligence executor — The senior Department of Defense intelligence 

official as designated by the head of each of the Department of Defense components 

who are authorized to conduct human intelligence and related intelligence activities. 

Also called DHE. (JP 2-01.2) 

defense industrial base — The Department of Defense, government, and private sector 

worldwide industrial complex with capabilities to perform research and development, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 83 

design, produce, and maintain military weapon systems, subsystems, components, or 

parts to meet military requirements. (JP 3-27) 

defense information infrastructure — The shared or interconnected system of computers, 

communications, data applications, security, people, training, and other support 

structures serving Department of Defense (DOD) local, national, and worldwide 

information needs. The defense information infrastructure connects DOD mission 

support, command and control, and intelligence computers through voice, 

telecommunications, imagery, video, and multimedia services. It provides information 

processing and services to subscribers over the Defense Information Systems Network 

and includes command and control, tactical, intelligence, and commercial 

communications systems used to transmit DOD information. Also called DII. See also 

global information infrastructure; infrastructure; national information 

infrastructure. (JP 3-13) 

Defense Information Systems Network — Integrated network, centrally managed and 

configured to provide long-haul information transfer services for all Department of 

Defense activities. It is an information transfer utility designed to provide dedicated 

point-to-point, switched voice and data, imagery, and video teleconferencing services. 

Also called DISN. (JP 6-0) 

defense message system — Consists of all hardware, software, procedures, standards, 

facilities, and personnel used to exchange messages electronically. 

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program — Military weather satellite controlled by 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Also called DMSP.

defense readiness condition — A uniform system of progressive alert postures for use 

between the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the commanders of unified and 

specified commands and for use by the Services. Defense readiness conditions are 

graduated to match situations of varying military severity (status of alert). Defense 

readiness conditions are identified by the short title DEFCON (5), (4), (3), (2), and (1), 

as appropriate. Also called DEFCON. 

Defense Satellite Communications System — Geosynchronous military communications 

satellites that provide high data rate communications for military forces, diplomatic 

corps, and the White House. The Defense Satellite Communications System provides 

long-haul super-high frequency 7/8 gigahertz voice and high data rate communications 

for fixed and transportable terminals, and extends mobile service to a limited number of 

ships and aircraft. Also called DSCS. (JP 3-14) 

defense sexual assault incident database — A Department of Defense database that 

captures and serves as the reporting source for all sexual assault data collected by the 

Services. Also called DSAID. (JP 1-0)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

84 JP 1-02 

defense support of civil authorities — Support provided by US Federal military forces, 

Department of Defense civilians, Department of Defense contract personnel, 

Department of Defense component assets, and National Guard forces (when the 

Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the governors of the affected states, elects 

and requests to use those forces in Title 32, United States Code, status) in response to 

requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law 

enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for 

special events. Also called DSCA. Also known as civil support. (DODD 3025.18) 

Defense Support Program — Satellites that provide early warning of missile launches; the 

first line of defense against missile attack against North America. Also called DSP. 

(JP 3-14) 

defense support to public diplomacy — Those activities and measures taken by the 

Department of Defense components to support and facilitate public diplomacy efforts 

of the United States Government. Also called DSPD. (JP 3-13) 

Defense Switched Network — Component of the Defense Communications System that 

handles Department of Defense voice, data, and video communications. Also called

DSN. See also Defense Communications System. (JP 6-0) 

Defense Transportation System — That portion of the Nation’s transportation 

infrastructure that supports Department of Defense common-user transportation needs 

across the range of military operations. It consists of those common-user military and 

commercial assets, services, and systems organic to, contracted for, or controlled by the 

Department of Defense. Also called DTS. See also common-user transportation; 

transportation system. (JP 4-01) 

defensive counterair — All defensive measures designed to neutralize or destroy enemy 

forces attempting to penetrate or attack through friendly airspace. Also called DCA. 

See also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) 

defensive minefield — 1. In naval mine warfare, a minefield laid in international waters or 

international straits with the declared intention of controlling shipping in defense of sea 

communications. 2. In land mine warfare, a minefield laid in accordance with an 

established plan to prevent a penetration between positions and to strengthen the 

defense of the positions themselves. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) 

defensive sea area — A sea area, usually including the approaches to and the waters of 

important ports, harbors, bays, or sounds, for the control and protection of shipping; for 

the safeguarding of defense installations bordering on waters of the areas; and for 

provision of other security measures required within the specified areas. It does not 

extend seaward beyond the territorial waters. See also maritime control area.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 85 

defensive space control — Operations conducted to preserve the ability to exploit space 

capabilities via active and passive actions, while protecting friendly space capabilities 

from attack, interference, or unintentional hazards. (JP 3-14)

defilade — 1. Protection from hostile observation and fire provided by an obstacle such as a 

hill, ridge, or bank. 2. A vertical distance by which a position is concealed from enemy 

observation. 3. To shield from enemy fire or observation by using natural or artificial 

obstacles. (JP 3-09) 

definitive care — Care rendered to conclusively manage a patient’s condition, such as full 

range of preventive, curative acute, convalescent, restorative, and rehabilitative medical 

care. (JP 4-02) 

degaussing — The process whereby a ship’s magnetic field is reduced by the use of 

electromagnetic coils, permanent magnets, or other means. (JP 3-15) 

degree of risk — As specified by the commander, the risk to which friendly forces may be 

subjected from the effects of the detonation of a nuclear weapon used in the attack of a 

close-in enemy target; acceptable degrees of risk under differing tactical conditions are 

emergency, moderate, and negligible. 

delayed entry program — A program under which an individual may enlist in a Reserve 

Component of a military service and specify a future reporting date for entry on active 

duty that would coincide with availability of training spaces and with personal plans 

such as high school graduation. Also called DEP. See also active duty. (JP 4-05) 

delaying action — See delaying operation.

delaying operation — An operation in which a force under pressure trades space for time 

by slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximum damage on the 

enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged. (JP 3-04) 

delegation of authority — The action by which a commander assigns part of his or her 

authority commensurate with the assigned task to a subordinate commander. While 

ultimate responsibility cannot be relinquished, delegation of authority carries with it the 

imposition of a measure of responsibility. The extent of the authority delegated must 

be clearly stated. 

deliberate planning — 1. The Adaptive Planning and Execution system process involving 

the development of joint operation plans for contingencies identified in joint strategic 

planning documents. 2. A planning process for the deployment and employment of 

apportioned forces and resources that occurs in response to a hypothetical situation. 

(JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

86 JP 1-02 

demilitarized zone — A defined area in which the stationing or concentrating of military 

forces, or the retention or establishment of military installations of any description, is 

prohibited. (JP 3-07.3) 

demobilization — The process of transitioning a conflict or wartime military establishment 

and defense-based civilian economy to a peacetime configuration while maintaining 

national security and economic vitality. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05) 

demonstration — 1. An attack or show of force on a front where a decision is not sought, 

made with the aim of deceiving the enemy. See also amphibious demonstration; 

diversion. 2. In military deception, a show of force in an area where a decision is not 

sought that is made to deceive an adversary. It is similar to a feint but no actual contact 

with the adversary is intended. (JP 3-13.4) 

denial measure — An action to hinder or deny the enemy the use of territory, personnel, or 

facilities to include destruction, removal, contamination, or erection of obstructions. 

(JP 3-15) 

denied area — An area under enemy or unfriendly control in which friendly forces cannot 

expect to operate successfully within existing operational constraints and force 

capabilities. (JP 3-05) 

Department of Defense civilian — A Federal civilian employee of the Department of 

Defense directly hired and paid from appropriated or nonappropriated funds, under 

permanent or temporary appointment. (JP 1-0) 

Department of Defense components — The Office of the Secretary of Defense, the 

Military Departments, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the combatant 

commands, the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, the 

Department of Defense agencies, field activities, and all other organizational entities in 

the Department of Defense. (JP 1)

Department of Defense construction agent — The Corps of Engineers, Naval Facilities 

Engineering Command, or other such approved Department of Defense activity, that is 

assigned design or execution responsibilities associated with military construction 

programs, facilities support, or civil engineering support to the combatant commanders 

in contingency operations. See also contingency operation. (JP 3-34) 

Department of Defense container system — All Department of Defense owned, leased, 

and controlled 20- or 40-foot intermodal International Organization for Standardization 

containers and flatracks, supporting equipment such as generator sets and chassis, 

container handling equipment, information systems, and other infrastructure that 

supports Department of Defense transportation and logistic operations, including 

commercially provided transportation services. This also includes 463L pallets, nets, 

and tie down equipment as integral components of the Department of Defense 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 87 

container system. See also container-handling equipment; containerization; 

International Organization for Standardization. (JP 4-09) 

Department of Defense Intelligence Information System — The combination of 

Department of Defense personnel, procedures, equipment, computer programs, and 

supporting communications that support the timely and comprehensive preparation and 

presentation of intelligence and information to military commanders and national-level 

decision makers. Also called DODIIS. (JP 2-0) 

Department of Defense Intelligence Information System Enterprise — The global set of 

resources (people, facilities, hardware, software and processes) that provide 

information technology and information management services to the military 

intelligence community through a tightly-integrated, interconnected and geographically 

distributed regional service center architecture. (JP 2-0) 

Department of Defense intelligence production — The integration, evaluation, analysis, 

and interpretation of information from single or multiple sources into finished 

intelligence for known or anticipated military and related national security consumer 

requirements. (JP 2-0) 

Department of Defense support to counterdrug operations — Support provided by the 

Department of Defense to law enforcement agencies to detect, monitor, and counter the 

production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. See also counterdrug operations. 

(JP 3-07.4) 

Department of the Air Force — The executive part of the Department of the Air Force at 

the seat of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Components, 

installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary 

of the Air Force. Also called DAF. See also Military Department.

Department of the Army — The executive part of the Department of the Army at the seat 

of government and all field headquarters, forces, Reserve Components, installations, 

activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Army. 

Also called DA. See also Military Department.

Department of the Navy — The executive part of the Department of the Navy at the seat of 

government; the headquarters, US Marine Corps; the entire operating forces of the 

United States Navy and of the US Marine Corps, including the Reserve Components of 

such forces; all field activities, headquarters, forces, bases, installations, activities, and 

functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the Navy; and the US 

Coast Guard when operating as a part of the Navy pursuant to law. Also called DON. 

See also Military Department.

departure airfield — An airfield on which troops and/or materiel are enplaned for flight. 

See also airfield. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

88 JP 1-02 

departure point — 1. A navigational check point used by aircraft as a marker for setting 

course. (JP 3-17) 2. In amphibious operations, an air control point at the seaward end 

of the helicopter approach lane system from which helicopter waves are dispatched 

along the selected helicopter approach lane to the initial point. (JP 3-02) 

dependents/immediate family — An employee’s spouse; children who are unmarried and 

under age 21 years or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of 

self-support; dependent parents, including step and legally adoptive parents of the 

employee’s spouse; and dependent brothers and sisters, including step and legally 

adoptive brothers and sisters of the employee’s spouse who are unmarried and under 21 

years of age or who, regardless of age, are physically or mentally incapable of selfsupport. (JP 3-68) 

deployed nuclear weapons — 1. When used in connection with the transfer of weapons 

between the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense, this term describes 

those weapons transferred to and in the custody of the Department of Defense. 2. 

Those nuclear weapons specifically authorized by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to be 

transferred to the custody of the storage facilities or carrying or delivery units of the 

Armed Forces. 

deployment — 1. In naval usage, the change from a cruising approach or contact disposition 

to a disposition for battle. 2. The movement of forces within operational areas. 3. The 

positioning of forces into a formation for battle. 4. The relocation of forces and materiel 

to desired operational areas. Deployment encompasses all activities from origin or 

home station through destination, specifically including intra-continental United States, 

intertheater, and intratheater movement legs, staging, and holding areas. See also 

deployment order; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 4-0) 

deployment health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, archiving, 

interpretation, and distribution of health-related data used for monitoring the health of a 

population or of individuals, and for intervening in a timely manner to prevent, treat, or 

control the occurrence of disease or injury, which includes occupational and 

environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02) 

deployment order — A planning directive from the Secretary of Defense, issued by the 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, that authorizes and directs the transfer of forces 

between combatant commands by reassignment or attachment. Also called DEPORD. 

See also deployment; deployment planning; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0) 

deployment planning — Operational planning directed toward the movement of forces and 

sustainment resources from their original locations to a specific operational area for 

conducting the joint operations contemplated in a given plan. See also deployment; 

deployment order; prepare to deploy order. (JP 5-0) 

depot — 1. supply — An activity for the receipt, classification, storage, accounting, issue, 

maintenance, procurement, manufacture, assembly, research, salvage, or disposal of 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 89 

material. 2. personnel — An activity for the reception, processing, training, 

assignment, and forwarding of personnel replacements. (JP 4-0) 

depot maintenance — That maintenance performed on materiel requiring major overhaul 

or a complete rebuild of parts, assemblies, subassemblies, and end-items, including the 

manufacture of parts, modifications, testing, and reclamation as required. Depot 

maintenance serves to support lower categories of maintenance by providing technical 

assistance and performing that maintenance beyond their responsibility. Depot 

maintenance provides stocks of serviceable equipment by using more extensive 

facilities for repair than are available in lower level maintenance activities. 

designated planning agent — The commander responsible for planning, coordinating, and 

executing military taskings in civil emergencies for a particular branch or agency of the 

Department of Defense. (JP 3-28) 

design basis threat — The threat against which an asset must be protected and upon which 

the protective system’s design is based. It is the baseline type and size of threat that 

buildings or other structures are designed to withstand. The design basis threat includes 

the tactics aggressors will use against the asset and the tools, weapons, and explosives 

employed in these tactics. Also called DBT. (JP 3-07.2) 

desired mean point of impact — A precise point, associated with a target, and assigned as 

the center for impact of multiple weapons or area munitions to create a desired effect. 

May be defined descriptively, by grid reference, or by geolocation. Also called DMPI. 

See also aimpoint; desired point of impact. (JP 3-60) 

desired perception — In military deception, what the deception target must believe for it to 

make the decision that will achieve the deception objective. (JP 3-13.4) 

desired point of impact — A precise point, associated with a target, and assigned as the 

impact point for a single unitary weapon to create a desired effect. May be defined 

descriptively, by grid preferences, or geolocation. Also called DPI. See also 

aimpoint; desired mean point of impact. (JP 3-60) 

destroyed — A condition of a target so damaged that it can neither function as intended nor 

be restored to a usable condition. In the case of a building, all vertical supports and 

spanning members are damaged to such an extent that nothing is salvageable. In the 

case of bridges, all spans must have dropped and all piers must require replacement. 

destruction fire — Fire delivered for the sole purpose of destroying material objects. 

detainee — A term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed 

force. (JP 3-63) 

detainee collecting point — A facility or other location where detainees are assembled for 

subsequent movement to a detainee processing station. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

90 JP 1-02 

detainee processing station — A facility or other location where detainees are 

administratively processed and provided custodial care pending disposition and 

subsequent release, transfer, or movement to a prisoner-of-war or civilian internee 

camp. 

detection — 1. In tactical operations, the perception of an object of possible military interest 

but unconfirmed by recognition. 2. In surveillance, the determination and transmission 

by a surveillance system that an event has occurred. 3. In arms control, the first step in 

the process of ascertaining the occurrence of a violation of an arms control agreement. 

4. In chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environments, the act of locating 

chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazards by use of chemical, biological, 

radiological, and nuclear detectors or monitoring and/or survey teams. See also 

hazard. (JP 3-11) 

deterrence — The prevention of action by the existence of a credible threat of unacceptable 

counteraction and/or belief that the cost of action outweighs the perceived benefits. 

(JP 3-0) 

deterrent options — A course of action, developed on the best economic, diplomatic, and 

military judgment, designed to dissuade an adversary from a current course of action or 

contemplated operations. (JP 5-0) 

development assistance. Programs, projects, and activities carried out by the United States 

Agency for International Development that improve the lives of the citizens of 

developing countries while furthering United States foreign policy interests in 

expanding democracy and promoting free market economic growth. (JP 3-08) 

diplomatic authorization — Authority for overflight or landing obtained at government-togovernment level through diplomatic channels. (JP 3-50) 

direct action — Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted as 

a special operation in hostile, denied, or diplomatically sensitive environments and 

which employ specialized military capabilities to seize, destroy, capture, exploit, 

recover, or damage designated targets. Also called DA. See also special operations; 

special operations forces. (JP 3-05) 

direct air support center — The principal air control agency of the US Marine air 

command and control system responsible for the direction and control of air operations 

directly supporting the ground combat element. It processes and coordinates requests 

for immediate air support and coordinates air missions requiring integration with 

ground forces and other supporting arms. It normally collocates with the senior fire 

support coordination center within the ground combat element and is subordinate to the 

tactical air command center. Also called DASC. See also Marine air command and 

control system; tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 91 

direct air support center (airborne) — An airborne aircraft equipped with the necessary 

staff personnel, communications, and operations facilities to function as a direct air 

support center. Also called DASC(A). See also direct air support center. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

directed energy — An umbrella term covering technologies that relate to the production of 

a beam of concentrated electromagnetic energy or atomic or subatomic particles. Also 

called DE. See also directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1) 

directed-energy device — A system using directed energy primarily for a purpose other 

than as a weapon. See also directed energy; directed-energy weapon. (JP 3-13.1) 

directed-energy warfare — Military action involving the use of directed-energy weapons, 

devices, and countermeasures. Also called DEW. See also directed energy; 

directed-energy device; directed-energy weapon; electromagnetic spectrum; 

electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

directed-energy weapon — A weapon or system that uses directed energy to incapacitate, 

damage, or destroy enemy equipment, facilities, and/or personnel. See also directed 

energy; directed-energy device. (JP 3-13.1) 

direct fire — Fire delivered on a target using the target itself as a point of aim for either the 

weapon or the director. (JP 3-09.3) 

direction — In artillery and naval gunfire support, a term used by a spotter and/or observer 

in a call for fire to indicate the bearing of the spotting line. See also naval gunfire 

support; spotter. (JP 2-0) 

direction finding — A procedure for obtaining bearings of radio frequency emitters by 

using a highly directional antenna and a display unit on an intercept receiver or 

ancillary equipment. Also called DF. (JP 3-13.1) 

directive authority for logistics — Combatant commander authority to issue directives to 

subordinate commanders, including peacetime measures, necessary to ensure the 

effective execution of approved operation plans. Essential measures include the 

optimized use or reallocation of available resources and prevention or elimination of 

redundant facilities and/or overlapping functions among the Service component 

commands. Also called DAFL. See also combatant command (command 

authority); logistics. (JP 1) 

direct laying — Laying in which the sights of weapons are aligned directly on the target. 

Normally used in conjunction with mortars and sometimes artillery. See also lay.

direct liaison authorized — That authority granted by a commander (any level) to a 

subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency 

within or outside of the granting command. Direct liaison authorized is more 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

92 JP 1-02 

applicable to planning than operations and always carries with it the requirement of 

keeping the commander granting direct liaison authorized informed. Direct liaison 

authorized is a coordination relationship, not an authority through which command may 

be exercised. Also called DIRLAUTH. (JP 1) 

director of mobility forces — Normally a senior officer who is familiar with the area of 

responsibility or joint operations area and possesses an extensive background in air 

mobility operations. When established, the director of mobility forces serves as the 

designated agent for all air mobility issues in the area of responsibility or joint 

operations area, and for other duties as directed. The director of mobility forces 

exercises coordinating authority between the air operations center (or appropriate 

theater command and control node), the tanker airlift control center, the air mobility 

operations control center (when established and when supporting subordinate command 

objectives), and the joint movement center, in order to expedite the resolution of air 

mobility issues. The director of mobility forces may be sourced from the theater’s 

organizations or US Transportation Command. Additionally, the director of mobility 

forces, when designated, will ensure the effective integration of intertheater and 

intratheater air mobility operations, and facilitate the conduct of intratheater air 

mobility operations. Also called DIRMOBFOR. See also air and space operations 

center; coordinating authority; joint movement center; 618th Tanker Airlift 

Control Center. (JP 3-17) 

direct support — A mission requiring a force to support another specific force and 

authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force’s request for assistance. Also 

called DS. See also close support; general support; mission; mutual support; 

support. (JP 3-09.3) 

disabling fire — The firing of ordnance by ships or aircraft at the steering or propulsion 

system of a vessel. The intent is to disable with minimum injury to personnel or 

damage to vessel. 

disaffected person — A person who is alienated or estranged from those in authority or 

lacks loyalty to the government; a state of mind. 

disarmament — The reduction of a military establishment to some level set by 

international agreement. See also arms control agreement. (JP 3-0) 

disaster assistance response team — A team of specialists, trained in a variety of disaster 

relief skills, rapidly deployed to assist US embassies and United States Agency for 

International Development missions with the management of US Government response 

to disasters. Also called DART. See also foreign disaster; foreign disaster relief. 

(JP 3-08) 

disease and nonbattle injury — All illnesses and injuries not resulting from enemy or 

terrorist action or caused by conflict. Also called DNBI. (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 93 

disembarkation schedule — See debarkation schedule.

disengagement — The act of geographically separating the forces of disputing parties. 

(JP 3-07.3) 

dislocated civilian — A broad term primarily used by the Department of Defense that 

includes a displaced person, an evacuee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a 

refugee, or a stateless person. Also called DC. See also displaced person; evacuee; 

internally displaced person; migrant; refugee; stateless person. (JP 3-29) 

dispersal — Relocation of forces for the purpose of increasing survivability. (JP 3-01) 

dispersal airfield — An airfield, military or civil, to which aircraft might move before 

H-hour on either a temporary duty or permanent change of station basis and be able to 

conduct operations. See also airfield. (JP 3-01) 

dispersion — 1. A scattered pattern of hits around the mean point of impact of bombs and 

projectiles dropped or fired under identical conditions. (JP 3-60) 2. The spreading or 

separating of troops, materiel, establishments, or activities, which are usually 

concentrated in limited areas to reduce vulnerability. (JP 5-0) 3. In chemical and 

biological operations, the dissemination of agents in liquid or aerosol form. (JP 3-41) 

4. In airdrop operations, the scatter of personnel and/or cargo on the drop zone. (JP 3-

17) 5. In naval control of shipping, the reberthing of a ship in the periphery of the port 

area or in the vicinity of the port for its own protection in order to minimize the risk of 

damage from attack. (JP 4-01.2)

displaced person — A broad term used to refer to internally and externally displaced 

persons collectively. See also evacuee; refugee. (JP 3-29) 

display — In military deception, a static portrayal of an activity, force, or equipment 

intended to deceive the adversary’s visual observation. (JP 3-13.4) 

dissemination and integration — In intelligence usage, the delivery of intelligence to users 

in a suitable form and the application of the intelligence to appropriate missions, tasks, 

and functions. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

distant retirement area — In amphibious operations, the sea area located to seaward of the 

landing area. This area is divided into a number of operating areas to which assault 

ships may retire and operate in the event of adverse weather or to prevent concentration 

of ships in the landing area. See also amphibious operation; landing area. (JP 3-02) 

distressed person — An individual who requires search and rescue assistance to remove he 

or she from life-threatening or isolating circumstances in a permissive environment. 

(JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

94 JP 1-02 

distribution — 1. The arrangement of troops for any purpose, such as a battle, march, or 

maneuver. 2. A planned pattern of projectiles about a point. 3. A planned spread of 

fire to cover a desired frontage or depth. 4. An official delivery of anything, such as 

orders or supplies. 5. The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the 

logistic system to deliver the “right things” to the “right place” at the “right time” to 

support the geographic combatant commander. 6. The process of assigning military 

personnel to activities, units, or billets. (JP 4-0) 

distribution manager — The executive agent for managing distribution with the combatant 

commander’s area of responsibility. See also area of responsibility; distribution. 

 (JP 4-09) 

distribution pipeline — Continuum or channel through which the Department of Defense 

conducts distribution operations. The distribution pipeline represents the end-to-end 

flow of resources from supplier to consumer and, in some cases, back to the supplier in 

retrograde activities. See also distribution; pipeline. (JP 4-09) 

distribution plan — A reporting system comprising reports, updates, and information 

systems feeds that articulate the requirements of the theater distribution system to the 

strategic and operational resources assigned responsibility for support to the theater. It 

portrays the interface of the physical, financial, information and communications 

networks for gaining visibility of the theater distribution system and communicates 

control activities necessary for optimizing capacity of the system. It depicts, and is 

continually updated to reflect changes in, infrastructure, support relationships, and 

customer locations to all elements of the distribution system (strategic operational, and 

tactical). See also distribution; distribution system; theater distribution; theater 

distribution system. (JP 4-09) 

distribution point — A point at which supplies and/or ammunition, obtained from 

supporting supply points by a division or other unit, are broken down for distribution to 

subordinate units. Distribution points usually carry no stocks; items drawn are issued 

completely as soon as possible. (JP 4-09) 

distribution system — That complex of facilities, installations, methods, and procedures 

designed to receive, store, maintain, distribute, and control the flow of military materiel 

between the point of receipt into the military system and the point of issue to using 

activities and units. (JP 4-09) 

ditching — Controlled landing of a distressed aircraft on water. (JP 3-50) 

diversion — 1. The act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from the point of 

the principal operation; an attack, alarm, or feint that diverts attention. 2. A change 

made in a prescribed route for operational or tactical reasons that does not constitute a 

change of destination. 3. A rerouting of cargo or passengers to a new transshipment 

point or destination or on a different mode of transportation prior to arrival at ultimate 

destination. 4. In naval mine warfare, a route or channel bypassing a dangerous area by 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 95 

connecting one channel to another or it may branch from a channel and rejoin it on the 

other side of the danger. See also demonstration. (JP 3-03) 

dock landing ship — A ship designed to transport and launch loaded amphibious craft 

and/or amphibian vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel and/or equipment 

and to render limited docking and repair services to small ships and craft. Also called 

LSD. (JP 3-02)

doctrine — Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide 

their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment 

in application. See also multinational doctrine; joint doctrine.

domestic emergencies — Emergencies affecting the public welfare and occurring within 

the 50 states, District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, US possessions and 

territories, or any political subdivision thereof, as a result of enemy attack, insurrection, 

civil disturbance, earthquake, fire, flood, or other public disasters or equivalent 

emergencies that endanger life and property or disrupt the usual process of government. 

Domestic emergencies include civil defense emergencies, civil disturbances, major 

disasters, and natural disasters. See also civil defense emergency; civil disturbance; 

major disaster; natural disaster. (JP 3-27) 

domestic intelligence — Intelligence relating to activities or conditions within the United 

States that threaten internal security and that might require the employment of troops; 

and intelligence relating to activities of individuals or agencies potentially or actually 

dangerous to the security of the Department of Defense. (JP 3-08) 

dominant user — The Service or multinational partner who is the principal consumer of a 

particular common-user logistic supply or service within a joint or multinational 

operation. The dominant user will normally act as the lead Service to provide this 

particular common-user logistic supply or service to other Service components, 

multinational partners, other governmental agencies, or nongovernmental agencies as 

directed by the combatant commander. See also common-user logistics; lead Service 

or agency for common-user logistics. (JP 4-07) 

dominant user concept — The concept that the Service that is the principal consumer will 

have the responsibility for performance of a support workload for all using Services. 

(JP 4-08) 

double agent — Agent in contact with two opposing intelligence services, only one of 

which is aware of the double contact or quasi-intelligence services. Also called DA. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

downgrade — To determine that classified information requires, in the interests of national 

security, a lower degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure than currently 

provided, coupled with a changing of the classification designation to reflect such a 

lower degree. (JP 3-08) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

96 JP 1-02 

downloading — An operation that removes airborne weapons or stores from an aircraft. 

(JP 3-04) 

draft — 1. The conscription of qualified citizens in military service. See also active duty; 

Military Service. (JP 4-05) 2. The depth of water that a vessel requires to float freely; 

the depth of a vessel from the water line to the keel. See also watercraft. (JP 4-01.6) 

drop altitude — The altitude above mean sea level at which airdrop is executed. See also

drop height. (JP 3-17) 

drop height — The vertical distance between the drop zone and the aircraft. See also drop 

altitude. (JP 3-17) 

drop zone — A specific area upon which airborne troops, equipment, or supplies are 

airdropped. Also called DZ. (JP 3-17) 

drug interdiction — A continuum of events focused on interrupting illegal drugs smuggled 

by air, sea, or land. Normally consists of several phases – cueing, detection, sorting, 

monitoring, interception, handover, disruption, endgame, and apprehension – some 

which may occur simultaneously. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) 

dry deck shelter — A shelter module that attaches to the hull of a specially configured 

submarine to provide the submarine with the capability to launch and recover special 

operations personnel, vehicles, and equipment while submerged. The dry deck shelter 

provides a working environment at one atmosphere for the special operations element 

during transit and has structural integrity to the collapse depth of the host submarine. 

Also called DDS. (JP 3-05.1) 

dual-capable aircraft — Allied and US fighter aircraft tasked and configured to perform 

either conventional or theater nuclear missions. Also called DCA. 

dual-role tanker — Dual-role tankers carry support personnel, supplies, and equipment for 

the deploying force while escorting and/or refueling combat aircraft to the area of 

responsibility. Dual-role tankers can minimize the total lift requirement while 

providing critical cargo and personnel at the combat aircraft’s time of arrival. See also 

air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

dummy — See decoy. (JP 3-13.4) 

dwell time — 1. The time cargo remains in a terminal’s in-transit storage area while 

awaiting shipment by clearance transportation. (JP 4-01.6) 2. The length of time a 

target is expected to remain in one location. (JP 3-60) 3. The period of time between 

the release from involuntary active and the reporting date for a subsequent tour of 

active duty pursuant to Title 10, United States Code, Section 12302. Such time 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 97 

includes any voluntary active duty performed between two periods of involuntary 

active duty pursuant to Title 10, United States Code, Section 12302. (DODD 1235.10) 

dynamic targeting — Targeting that prosecutes targets identified too late, or not selected 

for action in time to be included in deliberate targeting. (JP 3-60) 

dynamic threat assessment — An intelligence assessment developed by the Defense 

Intelligence Agency that details the threat, capabilities, and intentions of adversaries in 

each of the priority plans in the Contingency Planning Guidance. Also called DTA. 

(JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

98 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

E 

JP 1-02 99 

earliest anticipated launch time — The earliest time expected for a special operations 

tactical element and its supporting platform to depart the staging or marshalling area 

together en route to the operations area. Also called EALT. (JP 3-05.1) 

earliest arrival date — A day, relative to C-day, that is specified as the earliest date when a 

unit, a resupply shipment, or replacement personnel can be accepted at a port of 

debarkation during a deployment. Also called EAD. See also latest arrival date. 

(JP 5-0) 

early warning — Early notification of the launch or approach of unknown weapons or 

weapons carriers. Also called EW. See also attack assessment; tactical warning. 

(JP 3-01) 

economic action — The planned use of economic measures designed to influence the 

policies or actions of another state, e.g., to impair the war-making potential of a hostile 

power or to generate economic stability within a friendly power. 

economy of force — The judicious employment and distribution of forces so as to expend 

the minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts in order to allocate the 

maximum possible combat power on primary efforts. (JP 3-0)

E-day — See times. (JP 3-02.1) 

effect — 1. The physical or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of 

actions, or another effect. 2. The result, outcome, or consequence of an action. 3. A 

change to a condition, behavior, or degree of freedom. (JP 3-0) 

effective damage — That damage necessary to render a target element inoperative, 

unserviceable, nonproductive, or uninhabitable. 

effective United States controlled ships — United States-owned foreign flag ships that can 

be tasked by the Maritime Administration to support Department of Defense 

requirements when necessary. Also called EUSCS. (JP 4-01.2)

electro-explosive device — An explosive or pyrotechnic component that initiates an 

explosive, burning, electrical, or mechanical train and is activated by the application of 

electrical energy. Also called EED. (JP 3-04) 

electromagnetic battle management — The dynamic monitoring, assessing, planning, and 

directing of joint electromagnetic spectrum operations in support of the commander’s 

scheme of maneuver. Also called EMBM. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic compatibility — The ability of systems, equipment, and devices that use 

the electromagnetic spectrum to operate in their intended environments without causing 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

100 JP 1-02 

or suffering unacceptable or unintentional degradation because of electromagnetic 

radiation or response. Also called EMC. See also electromagnetic spectrum; 

electromagnetic spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic environment — The resulting product of the power and time distribution, 

in various frequency ranges, of the radiated or conducted electromagnetic emission 

levels encountered by a military force, system, or platform when performing its 

assigned mission in its intended operational environment. Also called EME. 

(JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic environmental effects — The impact of the electromagnetic environment 

upon the operational capability of military forces, equipment, systems, and platforms. 

Also called E3. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic hardening — Action taken to protect personnel, facilities, and/or equipment 

by blanking, filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding, and/or shielding against undesirable 

effects of electromagnetic energy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic interference — Any electromagnetic disturbance, induced intentionally or 

unintentionally, that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective 

performance of electronics and electrical equipment. Also called EMI. (JP 3-13.1)

electromagnetic intrusion — The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into 

transmission paths in any manner, with the objective of deceiving operators or of 

causing confusion. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic jamming — The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of 

electromagnetic energy for the purpose of preventing or reducing an enemy’s effective 

use of the electromagnetic spectrum, and with the intent of degrading or neutralizing 

the enemy’s combat capability. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic 

spectrum management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic operational environment — The background electromagnetic 

environment and the friendly, neutral, and adversarial electromagnetic order of battle 

within the electromagnetic area of influence associated with a given operational area. 

Also called EMOE. (JP 6-01) 

electromagnetic pulse — The electromagnetic radiation from a strong electronic pulse, 

most commonly caused by a nuclear explosion that may couple with electrical or 

electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. Also called EMP. 

See also electromagnetic radiation. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic radiation — Radiation made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields 

and propagated with the speed of light. (JP 6-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 101 

electromagnetic radiation hazards —Transmitter or antenna installation that generates or 

increases electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling 

operations in excess of established safe levels. Also called EMR hazards or 

RADHAZ. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic spectrum — The range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation from 

zero to infinity. It is divided into 26 alphabetically designated bands. See also

electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic spectrum control — The coordinated execution of joint electromagnetic 

spectrum operations with other lethal and nonlethal operations that enable freedom of 

action in the electromagnetic operational environment. Also called EMSC. 

(JP 3-13.1) 

electromagnetic spectrum management — Planning, coordinating, and managing use of 

the electromagnetic spectrum through operational, engineering, and administrative 

procedures. See also electromagnetic spectrum. (JP 6-01) 

electromagnetic vulnerability — The characteristics of a system that cause it to suffer a 

definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result of 

having been subjected to a certain level of electromagnetic environmental effects. Also 

called EMV. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic attack — Division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic 

energy, directed energy, or antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or 

equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat 

capability and is considered a form of fires. Also called EA. See also electronic 

protection; electronic warfare; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic intelligence — Technical and geolocation intelligence derived from foreign 

noncommunications electromagnetic radiations emanating from other than nuclear 

detonations or radioactive sources. Also called ELINT. See also electronic warfare; 

foreign instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence; signals intelligence. 

 (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic masking —The controlled radiation of electromagnetic energy on friendly 

frequencies in a manner to protect the emissions of friendly communications and 

electronic systems against enemy electronic warfare support measures/signals 

intelligence without significantly degrading the operation of friendly systems. 

(JP 3-13.1) 

electronic probing — Intentional radiation designed to be introduced into the devices or 

systems of potential enemies for the purpose of learning the functions and operational 

capabilities of the devices or systems. (JP 3-13.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

102 JP 1-02 

electronic protection — Division of electronic warfare involving actions taken to protect 

personnel, facilities, and equipment from any effects of friendly or enemy use of the 

electromagnetic spectrum that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat 

capability. Also called EP. See also electronic attack, electronic warfare; electronic 

warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic reconnaissance — The detection, location, identification, and evaluation of 

foreign electromagnetic radiations. See also electromagnetic radiation; 

reconnaissance. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronics security — The protection resulting from all measures designed to deny 

unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from their interception 

and study of noncommunications electromagnetic radiations, e.g., radar. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic warfare — Military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed 

energy to control the electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy. Also called 

EW. See also directed energy; electromagnetic spectrum; electronic attack; 

electronic protection; electronic warfare support. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic warfare frequency deconfliction — Actions taken to integrate those frequencies 

used by electronic warfare systems into the overall frequency deconfliction process. 

See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic warfare reprogramming — The deliberate alteration or modification of 

electronic warfare or target sensing systems, or the tactics and procedures that employ 

them, in response to validated changes in equipment, tactics, or the electromagnetic 

environment. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electronic warfare support — Division of electronic warfare involving actions tasked by, 

or under direct control of, an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, 

and locate or localize sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic 

energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, targeting, planning and conduct 

of future operations. Also called ES. See also electronic attack; electronic 

protection; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

electro-optical-infrared countermeasure — A device or technique employing electrooptical-infrared materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of 

enemy activity, particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor 

systems. Also called EO-IR CM. (JP 3-13.1) 

electro-optical intelligence — Intelligence other than signals intelligence derived from the 

optical monitoring of the electromagnetic spectrum from ultraviolet (0.01 micrometers) 

through far infrared (1,000 micrometers). Also called ELECTRO-OPTINT. See also

intelligence; laser intelligence. (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 103 

element — An organization formed around a specific function within a designated 

directorate of a joint force commander’s headquarters. (JP 3-33) 

elevated causeway system — An elevated causeway pier that provides a means of 

delivering containers, certain vehicles, and bulk cargo ashore without the lighterage 

contending with the surf zone. See also causeway. (JP 4-01.6) 

elicitation (intelligence) — Acquisition of information from a person or group in a manner 

that does not disclose the intent of the interview or conversation. A technique of 

human source intelligence collection, generally overt, unless the collector is other than 

he or she purports to be. (JP 2-0) 

eligible traffic — Traffic for which movement requirements are submitted and space is 

assigned or allocated. Such traffic must meet eligibility requirements specified in Joint 

Travel Regulations for the Uniformed Services and publications of the Department of 

Defense and Military Departments governing eligibility for land, sea, and air 

transportation, and be in accordance with the guidance of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 

embarkation — The process of putting personnel and/or vehicles and their associated 

stores and equipment into ships and/or aircraft. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation and tonnage table — A consolidated table showing personnel and cargo, by 

troop or naval units, loaded aboard a combat-loaded ship. 

embarkation area — An area ashore, including a group of embarkation points, in which 

final preparations for embarkation are completed and through which assigned personnel 

and loads for craft and ships are called forward to embark. See also mounting area. 

(JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation element — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport element. It is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation. An 

embarkation element normally consists of two or more embarkation teams. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation group — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport element group. It is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation. An 

embarkation group normally consists of two or more embarkation units. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation officer — An officer on the staff of units of the landing force who advises the 

commander thereof on matters pertaining to embarkation planning and loading ships. 

See also combat cargo officer. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation order — An order specifying dates, times, routes, loading diagrams, and 

methods of movement to shipside or aircraft for troops and their equipment. 

(JP 3-02.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

104 JP 1-02 

embarkation organization — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with 

supplies and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard 

amphibious shipping. See also embarkation team. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation phase — In amphibious operations, the phase that encompasses the orderly 

assembly of personnel and materiel and their subsequent loading aboard ships and/or 

aircraft in a sequence designed to meet the requirements of the landing force concept of 

operations ashore. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation plans — The plans prepared by the landing force and appropriate subordinate 

commanders containing instructions and information concerning the organization for 

embarkation, assignment to shipping, supplies and equipment to be embarked, location 

and assignment of embarkation areas, control and communication arrangements, 

movement schedules and embarkation sequence, and additional pertinent instructions 

relating to the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02) 

embarkation team — A temporary administrative formation of all personnel with supplies 

and equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard one ship. See 

also embarkation organization. (JP 3-02.1) 

embarkation unit — A temporary administrative formation of personnel with supplies and 

equipment embarking or to be embarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships of one 

transport unit. It is dissolved upon completion of the embarkation. An embarkation unit 

normally consists of two or more embarkation elements. JP 3-02.1) 

emergency action committee — An organization established at a foreign service post by 

the chief of mission or principal officer for the purpose of directing and coordinating 

the post’s response to contingencies. It consists of consular representatives and 

members of other local US Government agencies in a foreign country who assist in the 

implementation of a Department of State emergency action plan. Also called EAC. 

(JP 3-68) 

emergency authority — A Federal military commander’s authority, in extraordinary 

emergency circumstances where prior authorization by the President is impossible and 

duly constituted local authorities are unable to control the situation, to engage 

temporarily in activities that are necessary to quell large-scale, unexpected civil 

disturbances because (1) such activities are necessary to prevent significant loss of life 

or wanton destruction of property and are necessary to restore governmental function 

and public order or (2) duly constituted Federal, state, or local authorities are unable or 

decline to provide adequate protection for Federal property or Federal governmental 

functions. (DODD 3025.18) 

emergency-essential employee — A Department of Defense civilian employee whose 

assigned duties and responsibilities must be accomplished following the evacuation of 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 105 

non-essential personnel (including dependents) during a declared emergency or 

outbreak of war. See also evacuation. (JP 1-0) 

emergency locator beacon — A generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency 

locating purposes. See also personal locator beacon. (JP 3-50) 

emergency operations center — A temporary or permanent facility where the coordination 

of information and resources to support domestic incident management activities 

normally takes place. Also called EOC. (JP 3-41) 

emergency preparedness — Measures taken in advance of an emergency to reduce the loss 

of life and property and to protect a nation’s institutions from all types of hazards 

through a comprehensive emergency management program of preparedness, 

mitigation, response, and recovery. Also called EP. (JP 3-28) 

emergency preparedness liaison officer — A senior reserve officer who represents their 

Service at the appropriate joint field office conducting planning and coordination 

responsibilities in support of civil authorities. Also called EPLO. (JP 3-28) 

emergency repair — The least amount of immediate repair to damaged facilities necessary 

for the facilities to support the mission. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34) 

emergency resupply — A resupply mission that occurs based on a predetermined set of 

circumstances and time interval should radio contact not be established or, once 

established, is lost between a special operations tactical element and its base. See also

on-call resupply. (JP 3-05.1) 

emergency support functions — A grouping of government and certain private-sector 

capabilities into an organizational structure to provide the support, resources, program 

implementation, and services that are most likely to be needed to save lives, protect 

property and the environment, restore essential services and critical infrastructure, and 

help victims and communities return to normal, when feasible, following domestic 

incidents. Also called ESFs. (JP 3-28) 

emission control — The selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other 

emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing, for operations 

security: a. detection by enemy sensors; b. mutual interference among friendly 

systems; and/or c. enemy interference with the ability to execute a military deception 

plan. Also called EMCON. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

emission security — The component of communications security that results from all 

measures taken to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived 

from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations from crypto-equipment and 

telecommunications systems. See also communications security. (JP 6-0) 

employment — The strategic, operational, or tactical use of forces. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

106 JP 1-02 

enabling force — Early deploying forces that establish critical capabilities to facilitate 

deployment and initial employment (including sustainment) of a force. See also 

deployment; employment; force. (JP 4-08) 

end evening civil twilight — The time period when the sun has dropped 6 degrees beneath 

the western horizon; it is the instant at which there is no longer sufficient light to see 

objects with the unaided eye. Light intensification devices are recommended from this 

time until begin morning civil twilight. Also called EECT. 

end item — A final combination of end products, component parts, and/or materials that is 

ready for its intended use. (JP 4-02) 

end of evening nautical twilight — Occurs when the sun has dropped 12 degrees below the 

western horizon, and is the instant of last available daylight for the visual control of 

limited ground operations. At end of evening nautical twilight there is no further 

sunlight available. (JP 2-01.3) 

end of mission — In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, an order given to terminate 

firing on a specific target. See also cease loading.

end state — The set of required conditions that defines achievement of the commander’s 

objectives. (JP 3-0) 

end-to-end — Joint distribution operations boundaries begin at the point of origin and 

terminate at the combatant commander’s designated point of need within a desired 

operational area, including the return of forces and materiel. (JP 4-09) 

endurance distance — (*) Total distance that a ground vehicle or ship can be selfpropelled at any specified endurance speed. 

enemy capabilities — Those courses of action of which the enemy is physically capable 

and that, if adopted, will affect accomplishment of the friendly mission. The term 

“capabilities” includes not only the general courses of action open to the enemy, such 

as attack, defense, reinforcement, or withdrawal, but also all the particular courses of 

action possible under each general course of action. “Enemy capabilities” are 

considered in the light of all known factors affecting military operations, including 

time, space, weather, terrain, and the strength and disposition of enemy forces. In 

strategic thinking, the capabilities of a nation represent the courses of action within the 

power of the nation for accomplishing its national objectives throughout the range of 

military operations. See also course of action; mission. (JP 2-01.3) 

enemy combatant — In general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or 

its coalition partners during an armed conflict. Also called EC. (DODD 2310.01E) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 107 

engage — 1. In air defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or 

weapon systems to fire on a designated target. (JP 3-01) See also cease engagement;

hold fire. 2. To bring the enemy under fire. (JP 3-09.3) 

engagement — 1. In air defense, an attack with guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor 

aircraft, or the launch of an air defense missile by air defense artillery and the missile’s 

subsequent travel to intercept. (JP 3-01) 2. A tactical conflict, usually between 

opposing lower echelons maneuver forces. (JP 3-0) See also battle; campaign.

engagement authority — An authority vested with a joint force commander that may be 

delegated to a subordinate commander, that permits an engagement decision. (JP 3-01)

engineer support plan — An appendix to the logistics annex or separate annex of an 

operation plan that identifies the minimum essential engineering services and 

construction requirements required to support the commitment of military forces. Also 

called ESP. See also operation plan. (JP 3-34) 

en route care — Continuation of the provision of care during movement (evacuation) 

between the health service support capabilities in the roles of care, without clinically 

compromising the patient’s condition. See also evacuation. 

 (JP 4-02) 

environmental baseline survey — A multi-disciplinary site survey conducted prior to or in 

the initial stage of a joint operational deployment. Also called EBS. See also general 

engineering. (JP 3-34) 

environmental considerations — The spectrum of environmental media, resources, or 

programs that may affect the planning and execution of military operations. (JP 3-34)

equipment — In logistics, all nonexpendable items needed to outfit or equip an individual 

or organization. See also component; supplies. (JP 4-0) 

escapee — Any person who has been physically captured by the enemy and succeeds in 

getting free. (JP 3-50) 

escort — A member of the Armed Forces assigned to accompany, assist, or guide an 

individual or group, e.g., an escort officer. (JP 4-06) 

espionage — The act of obtaining, delivering, transmitting, communicating, or receiving 

information about the national defense with an intent, or reason to believe, that the 

information may be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any 

foreign nation. Espionage is a violation of Title 18 United States Code, Sections 792-

798 and Article 106, Uniform Code of Military Justice. See also counterintelligence. 

(JP 2-01.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

108 JP 1-02 

essential care — Medical treatment provided to manage the casualty throughout the roles of 

care, which includes all care and treatment to either return the patient to duty (within 

the theater evacuation policy), or begin initial treatment required for optimization of 

outcome, and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate evacuation. See also en 

route care; first responder; forward resuscitative care; theater. (JP 4-02) 

essential chemicals — In counterdrug operations, compounds that are required in the 

synthetic or extraction processes of drug production, but in most cases do not become 

part of the drug molecule. Essential chemicals are used in the production of cocaine or 

heroin. (JP 3-07.4) 

essential elements of friendly information — Key questions likely to be asked by 

adversary officials and intelligence systems about specific friendly intentions, 

capabilities, and activities, so they can obtain answers critical to their operational 

effectiveness. Also called EEFI. (JP 2-01) 

essential elements of information — The most critical information requirements regarding 

the adversary and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to 

relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a 

logical decision. Also called EEIs. (JP 2-0) 

essential task — A specified or implied task that an organization must perform to 

accomplish the mission that is typically included in the mission statement. See also 

implied task; specified task. (JP 5-0) 

establishing directive — An order issued to specify the purpose of the support relationship. 

(JP 3-02) 

estimate — 1. An analysis of a foreign situation, development, or trend that identifies its 

major elements, interprets the significance, and appraises the future possibilities and the 

prospective results of the various actions that might be taken. 2. An appraisal of the 

capabilities, vulnerabilities, and potential courses of action of a foreign nation or 

combination of nations in consequence of a specific national plan, policy, decision, or 

contemplated course of action. 3. An analysis of an actual or contemplated clandestine 

operation in relation to the situation in which it is or would be conducted in order to 

identify and appraise such factors as available as well as needed assets and potential 

obstacles, accomplishments, and consequences. See also intelligence estimate. 

(JP 2-01) 

estimative intelligence — Intelligence that identifies, describes, and forecasts adversary 

capabilities and the implications for planning and executing military operations. (JP 2-0) 

evacuation — 1. Removal of a patient by any of a variety of transport means from a theater 

of military operation, or between health service support capabilities, for the purpose of 

preventing further illness or injury, providing additional care, or providing disposition 

of patients from the military health care system. (JP 4-02) 2. The clearance of 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 109 

personnel, animals, or materiel from a given locality. (JP 3-68) 3. The controlled 

process of collecting, classifying, and shipping unserviceable or abandoned materiel, 

United States or foreign, to appropriate reclamation, maintenance, technical 

intelligence, or disposal facilities. (JP 4-09) 4. The ordered or authorized departure of 

noncombatants from a specific area by Department of State, Department of Defense, or 

appropriate military commander. This refers to the movement from one area to another 

in the same or different countries. The evacuation is caused by unusual or emergency 

circumstances and applies equally to command or non-command sponsored family 

members. See also evacuee; noncombatant evacuation operations. (JP 3-68) 

evacuee — A civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of 

personal security or the requirements of the military situation. See also displaced 

person; expellee; refugee. (JP 3-57) 

evader — Any person isolated in hostile or unfriendly territory who eludes capture. 

(JP 3-50) 

evaluation — In intelligence usage, appraisal of an item of information in terms of 

credibility, reliability, pertinence, and accuracy. (JP 2-01) 

evaluation agent — The command or agency designated in the evaluation directive to be 

responsible for the planning, coordination, and conduct of the required evaluation of a 

joint test publication. Also called EA. See also joint doctrine; joint test publication. 

(CJCSM 5120.01) 

evaluation and feedback — In intelligence usage, continuous assessment of intelligence 

operations throughout the intelligence process to ensure that the commander’s 

intelligence requirements are being met. See intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

evasion — The process whereby isolated personnel avoid capture with the goal of 

successfully returning to areas under friendly control. (JP 3-50) 

evasion aid — In personnel recovery, any piece of information or equipment designed to 

assist an individual in avoiding capture. See also blood chit; evasion; evasion chart; 

pointee-talkee; recovery; recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 

evasion chart — A special map or chart designed as an evasion aid. Also called EVC. See 

also evasion; evasion aid. (JP 3-50) 

evasion plan of action — A course of action, developed prior to executing a combat 

mission, that is intended to improve a potential isolated person’s chances of successful 

evasion and recovery by providing the recovery forces with an additional source of 

information that can increase the predictability of the evader’s action and movement. 

Also called EPA. See also course of action; evader; evasion; recovery force. 

 (JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

110 JP 1-02 

event matrix — A description of the indicators and activity expected to occur in each 

named area of interest. It normally cross-references each named area of interest and 

indicator with the times they are expected to occur and the courses of action they will 

confirm or deny. There is no prescribed format. See also activity; area of interest; 

indicator. (JP 2-01.3) 

event template — A guide for collection planning. The event template depicts the named 

areas of interest where activity, or its lack of activity, will indicate which course of 

action the adversary has adopted. See also activity; area of interest; collection 

planning; course of action. (JP 2-01.3) 

exclusion zone — A zone established by a sanctioning body to prohibit specific activities in 

a specific geographic area in order to persuade nations or groups to modify their 

behavior to meet the desires of the sanctioning body or face continued imposition of 

sanctions, or use or threat of force. (JP 3-0) 

exclusive economic zone — A maritime zone adjacent to the territorial sea that may not 

extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the 

territorial sea is measured. Also called EEZ. (JP 3-15) 

execute order — 1. An order issued by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at the 

direction of the Secretary of Defense, to implement a decision by the President to 

initiate military operations. 2. An order to initiate military operations as directed. Also 

called EXORD. (JP 5-0) 

execution planning — The Adaptive Planning and Execution system translation of an 

approved course of action into an executable plan of action through the preparation of a 

complete operation plan or operation order. Also called EP. See also Joint Operation 

Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0) 

executive agent — A term used to indicate a delegation of authority by the Secretary of 

Defense to a subordinate to act on behalf of the Secretary of Defense. Designation as 

executive agent, in and of itself, confers no authority. The exact nature and scope of 

the authority delegated must be stated in the document designating the executive agent. 

An executive agent may be limited to providing only administration and support or 

coordinating common functions, or it may be delegated authority, direction, and control 

over specified resources for specified purposes. Also called EA. (JP 1) 

exercise — A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning, 

preparation, and execution that is carried out for the purpose of training and evaluation. 

See also command post exercise; maneuver. (JP 3-34) 

exfiltration — The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control by 

stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. See also special operations; 

unconventional warfare. (JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 111 

expeditionary force — An armed force organized to accomplish a specific objective in a 

foreign country. (JP 3-0) 

expellee — A civilian outside the boundaries of the country of his or her nationality or 

ethnic origin who is being forcibly repatriated to that country or to a third country for 

political or other purposes. See also displaced person; evacuee; refugee. (JP 3-57) 

expendable supplies — Supplies that are consumed in use, such as ammunition, paint, fuel, 

cleaning and preserving materials, surgical dressings, drugs, medicines, etc., or that lose 

their identity, such as spare parts, etc., and may be dropped from stock record accounts 

when it is issued or used. (JP 4-02) 

exploitation — 1. Taking full advantage of success in military operations, following up 

initial gains, and making permanent the temporary effects already achieved. 2. Taking 

full advantage of any information that has come to hand for tactical, operational, or 

strategic purposes. 3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack 

and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth. See also attack. (JP 2-01.3) 

explosive cargo — Cargo such as artillery ammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolition 

material, rockets, and missiles. (JP 4-01.5)

explosive hazard — Any hazard containing an explosive component to include unexploded 

explosive ordnance (including land mines), booby traps (some booby traps are 

nonexplosive), improvised explosive devices (which are an improvised type of booby 

trap), captured enemy ammunition, and bulk explosives. Also called EH. (JP 3-15) 

explosive hazard incident — The suspected or detected presence of unexploded or 

damaged explosive ordnance that constitutes a hazard to operations, installations, 

personnel, or material. Not included in this definition are the accidental arming or 

other conditions that develop during the manufacture of high explosive material, 

technical service assembly operations, or the laying of mines and demolition charges. 

(JP 3-15.1)

explosive ordnance — All munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion 

materials, and biological and chemical agents. (JP 3-34) 

explosive ordnance disposal — The detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering 

safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. Also called EOD. 

(JP 3-34) 

explosive ordnance disposal unit — Personnel with special training and equipment who 

render explosive ordnance safe, make intelligence reports on such ordnance, and 

supervise the safe removal thereof. (JP 3-34) 

exposure dose — The amount of radiation, as measured in roentgen, at a given point in 

relation to its ability to produce ionization. (JP 3-41) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

112 JP 1-02 

extent of damage — The visible plan area of damage to a target element, usually expressed 

in units of 1,000 square feet, in detailed damage analysis and in approximate 

percentages in immediate-type damage assessment reports; e.g., 50 percent structural 

damage. 

external audience — All people who are not US military members, Department of Defense 

civilian employees, and their immediate families. See also internal audience; public. 

(JP 3-61) 

external support contract — Contract awarded by contracting organizations whose 

contracting authority does not derive directly from the theater support contracting 

head(s) of contracting activity or from systems support contracting authorities. See also 

systems support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

F 

JP 1-02 113 

fabricator — An individual or group who, usually without genuine resources, invents or 

inflates information for personal or political gain or political purposes. (JP 2-01.2) 

facility — A real property entity consisting of one or more of the following: a building, a 

structure, a utility system, pavement, and underlying land. (JP 3-34) 

facility substitutes — Items such as tents and prepackaged structures requisitioned through 

the supply system that may be used to substitute for constructed facilities. (JP 3-34) 

fairway — A channel either from offshore, in a river, or in a harbor that has enough depth 

to accommodate the draft of large vessels. See also draft; watercraft. (JP 4-01.6) 

feasibility — The joint operation plan review criterion for assessing whether the assigned 

mission can be accomplished using available resources within the time contemplated 

by the plan. See also acceptability; adequacy. (JP 5-0) 

feasibility assessment — A basic target analysis that provides an initial determination of 

the viability of a proposed target for special operations forces employment. Also called

FA. (JP 3-05.1) 

federal coordinating officer — The federal officer who is appointed to manage Federal 

resource support activities related to Stafford Act disasters and emergencies. The 

federal coordinating officer is responsible for coordinating the timely delivery of 

federal disaster assistance resources and programs to the affected state and local 

governments, individual victims, and the private sector. Also called FCO. 

federal service — A term applied to National Guard members and units when called to 

active duty to serve the United States Government under Article I, Section 8 and 

Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution and the Title 10, United States Code, Sections 

12401 to 12408. See also active duty; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) 

federal supply class management — Those functions of materiel management that can 

best be accomplished by federal supply classification, such as cataloging, characteristic 

screening, standardization, interchangeability and substitution grouping, multi-item 

specification management, and engineering support of the foregoing. 

feint — In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary 

conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of 

the actual main offensive action. (JP 3-13.4) 

fender — An object, usually made of rope or rubber, hung over the side of a vessel to protect the 

sides from damage caused by impact with wharves or other craft. (JP 4-01.6) 

F-hour — See times.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

114 JP 1-02 

field artillery — Equipment, supplies, ammunition, and personnel involved in the use of 

cannon, rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers. Field artillery cannons are 

classified according to caliber as follows. 

 Light — 120mm and less. 

 Medium — 121-160mm. 

 Heavy — 161-210mm. 

 Very heavy — greater than 210mm. 

 Also called FA. (JP 3-09) 

field of view — (*) 1. In photography, the angle between two rays passing through the 

perspective center (rear nodal point) of a camera lens to the two opposite sides of the 

format. Not to be confused with “angle of view.” 2. The total solid angle available to 

the gunner when looking through the gunsight. Also called FOV.

field ordering officer — A Service member or Department of Defense civilian, who is 

appointed in writing and trained by a contracting officer and authorized to execute 

micropurchases in support of forces and/or designated civil-military operations. Also 

called FOO. (JP 4-10)

fighter engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within 

which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with fighter 

aircraft. Also called FEZ. (JP 3-01)

fighter escort — An offensive counterair operation providing dedicated protection sorties 

by air-to-air capable fighters in support of other offensive air and air support missions 

over enemy territory, or in a defensive counterair role to protect high value airborne 

assets. (JP 3-01) 

fighter sweep — An offensive mission by fighter aircraft to seek out and destroy enemy 

aircraft or targets of opportunity in a designated area. (JP 3-01) 

final governing standards — A comprehensive set of country-specific substantive 

environmental provisions, typically technical limitations on effluent, discharges, etc., or 

a specific management practice. (JP 3-34) 

final protective fire — (*) An immediately available prearranged barrier of fire designed 

to impede enemy movement across defensive lines or areas. 

finance support — A financial management function to provide financial advice and 

recommendations, pay support, disbursing support, establishment of local depository 

accounts, essential accounting support, and support of the procurement process. See 

also financial management. (JP 1-06) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 115 

financial management — The combination of the two core functions of resource 

management and finance support. Also called FM. See also finance support; 

resource management. (JP 1-06) 

fire direction center — That element of a command post, consisting of gunnery and 

communications personnel and equipment, by means of which the commander 

exercises fire direction and/or fire control. The fire direction center receives target 

intelligence and requests for fire, and translates them into appropriate fire direction. 

The fire direction center provides timely and effective tactical and technical fire control 

in support of current operations. Also called FDC. (JP 3-09.3) 

fires — The use of weapon systems to create specific lethal or nonlethal effects on a target. 

(JP 3-09) 

fire support — Fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special 

operations forces to engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit 

of tactical and operational objectives. See also fires. (JP 3-09) 

fire support area — An appropriate maneuver area assigned to fire support ships by the 

naval force commander from which they can deliver gunfire support to an amphibious 

operation. Also called FSA. See also amphibious operation; fire support. (JP 3-09) 

fire support coordination — The planning and executing of fire so that targets are 

adequately covered by a suitable weapon or group of weapons. (JP 3-09) 

fire support coordination center — A single location in which are centralized 

communications facilities and personnel incident to the coordination of all forms of fire 

support. Also called FSCC. See also fire support; fire support coordination; 

support; supporting arms coordination center. (JP 3-09) 

fire support coordination line — A fire support coordination measure that is established 

and adjusted by appropriate land or amphibious force commanders within their 

boundaries in consultation with superior, subordinate, supporting, and affected 

commanders. Fire support coordination lines facilitate the expeditious attack of surface 

targets of opportunity beyond the coordinating measure. A fire support coordination 

line does not divide an area of operations by defining a boundary between close and 

deep operations or a zone for close air support. The fire support coordination line 

applies to all fires of air, land, and sea-based weapon systems using any type of 

ammunition. Forces attacking targets beyond a fire support coordination line must 

inform all affected commanders in sufficient time to allow necessary reaction to avoid 

fratricide. Supporting elements attacking targets beyond the fire support coordination 

line must ensure that the attack will not produce adverse effects on, or to the rear of, the 

line. Short of a fire support coordination line, all air-to-ground and surface-to-surface 

attack operations are controlled by the appropriate land or amphibious force 

commander. The fire support coordination line should follow well-defined terrain 

features. Coordination of attacks beyond the fire support coordination line is especially 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

116 JP 1-02 

critical to commanders of air, land, and special operations forces. In exceptional 

circumstances, the inability to conduct this coordination will not preclude the attack of 

targets beyond the fire support coordination line. However, failure to do so may 

increase the risk of fratricide and could waste limited resources. Also called FSCL. 

See also fires; fire support. (JP 3-09) 

fire support coordination measure — A measure employed by commanders to facilitate 

the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly 

forces. Also called FSCM. See also fire support coordination. (JP 3-0) 

fire support element — That portion of the force tactical operations center at every echelon 

above company or troop (to corps) that is responsible for targeting coordination and for 

integrating fires delivered on surface targets by fire-support means under the control, or 

in support, of the force. Also called FSE. See also fire support; force; support. 

 (JP 3-09) 

fire support officer — Senior field artillery officer assigned to Army maneuver battalions 

and brigades. Advises commander on fire-support matters. Also called FSO. See also 

field artillery; fire support; support. (JP 3-09) 

fire support station — An exact location at sea within a fire support area from which a fire 

support ship delivers fire. Also called FSS. (JP 3-02) 

fire support team — A field artillery team provided for each maneuver company/troop and 

selected units to plan and coordinate all supporting fires available to the unit, including 

mortars, field artillery, naval surface fire support, and close air support integration. 

Also called FIST. See also close air support; field artillery; fire support; support. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

first light — The beginning of morning nautical twilight; i.e., when the center of the 

morning sun is 12 degrees below the horizon. 

first responder care — The health care capability that provides immediate clinical care and 

stabilization to the patient in preparation for evacuation to the next health service 

support capability in the continuum of care. (JP 4-02) 

first responder — A primary health care provider who provides immediate clinical care 

and stabilization in preparation for evacuation to the next health service support 

capability in the roles of care, and treats Service members for common acute minor 

illnesses. See also essential care; evacuation. (JP 4-02) 

fixed port — Terminals with an improved network of cargo-handling facilities designed for 

the transfer of freight. See also maritime terminal. (JP 4-01.5) 

fixed price type contract — A type of contract that generally provides for a firm price or, 

under appropriate circumstances, may provide for an adjustable price for the supplies or 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 117 

services being procured. Fixed price contracts are of several types so designed as to 

facilitate proper pricing under varying circumstances. (JP 4-10) 

flame field expedients — Simple, handmade devices used to produce flame or illumination. 

Also called FFE. (JP 3-15) 

flash burn — A burn caused by excessive exposure (of bare skin) to thermal radiation. 

(JP 3-41) 

flatrack — Portable, open-topped, open-sided units that fit into existing below-deck 

container cell guides and provide a capability for container ships to carry oversized 

cargo and wheeled and tracked vehicles. (JP 4-09) 

flatted cargo — Cargo placed in the bottom of the holds, covered with planks and dunnage, 

and held for future use. Flatted cargo usually has room left above it for the loading of 

vehicles that may be moved without interfering with the flatted cargo. Frequently, 

flatted cargo serves in lieu of ballast. Sometimes called understowed cargo. 

fleet — An organization of ships, aircraft, Marine forces, and shore-based fleet activities all 

under the command of a commander who may exercise operational as well as 

administrative control. See also numbered fleet. (JP 3-02.1) 

Fleet Marine Force — A balanced force of combined arms comprising land, air, and 

service elements of the United States Marine Corps, which is an integral part of a 

United States fleet and has the status of a type command. Also called FMF. (JP 4-02) 

flexible deterrent option — A planning construct intended to facilitate early decision 

making by developing a wide range of interrelated responses that begin with deterrentoriented actions carefully tailored to produce a desired effect. Also called FDO. See 

also deterrent options. (JP 5-0) 

flexible response — The capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy 

threat or attack with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. 

(JP 5-0) 

flight — 1. In Navy and Marine Corps usage, a specified group of aircraft usually engaged 

in a common mission. 2. The basic tactical unit in the Air Force, consisting of four or 

more aircraft in two or more elements. 3. A single aircraft airborne on a nonoperational 

mission. (JP 3-30) 

flight deck — 1. In certain airplanes, an elevated compartment occupied by the crew for 

operating the airplane in flight. 2. The upper deck of an aircraft carrier that serves as a 

runway. The deck of an air-capable ship, amphibious aviation assault ship, or aviation 

ship used to launch and recover aircraft. (JP 3-04) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

118 JP 1-02 

flight deck officer — Officer responsible for the safe movement of aircraft on or about the 

flight deck of an aviation-capable ship. Also called FDO. (JP 3-04)

flight information region — An airspace of defined dimensions within which flight 

information service and alerting service are provided. Also called FIR. (JP 3-52) 

flight information service — A service provided for the purpose of giving advice and 

information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. Also called FIS. 

JP 3-52) 

flight quarters — A ship configuration that assigns and stations personnel at critical 

positions to conduct safe flight operations. (JP 3-04) 

floating craft company — A company-sized unit made up of various watercraft teams such 

as tugs, barges, and barge cranes. See also watercraft. (JP 4-01.6) 

floating dump — Emergency supplies preloaded in landing craft, amphibious vehicles, or 

in landing ships. Floating dumps are located in the vicinity of the appropriate control 

officer, who directs their landing as requested by the troop commander concerned. 

(JP 3-02) 

follow-up — In amphibious operations, the reinforcements and stores carried on transport 

ships and aircraft (not originally part of the amphibious force) that are offloaded after 

the assault and assault follow-on echelons have been landed. See also amphibious 

operation; assault; assault follow-on echelon. (JP 3-02) 

follow-up shipping — Ships not originally a part of the amphibious task force but which 

deliver troops and supplies to the objective area after the action phase has begun. 

(JP 3-02) 

footprint — 1. The area on the surface of the earth within a satellite’s transmitter or sensor 

field of view. 2. The amount of personnel, spares, resources, and capabilities 

physically present and occupying space at a deployed location. (JP 4-01.5) 

force — 1. An aggregation of military personnel, weapon systems, equipment, and 

necessary support, or combination thereof. 2. A major subdivision of a fleet. (JP 1) 

force/activity designator — Number used in conjunction with urgency of need designators 

to establish a matrix of priorities used for supply requisitions. Defines the relative 

importance of the unit to accomplish the objectives of the Department of Defense. 

Also called F/AD. See also force. (JP 4-09) 

force beddown — The provision of expedient facilities for troop support to provide a 

platform for the projection of force. See also facility substitutes. (JP 3-34) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 119 

force closure — The point in time when a supported joint force commander determines that 

sufficient personnel and equipment resources are in the assigned operational area to 

carry out assigned tasks. See also closure; force. (JP 3-35) 

force health protection — Measures to promote, improve, or conserve the behavioral and 

physical well-being of Service members to enable a healthy and fit force, prevent injury 

and illness, and protect the force from health hazards. Also called FHP. See also 

force; protection. (JP 4-02) 

force module — A grouping of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces, 

with their accompanying supplies and the required nonunit resupply and personnel 

necessary to sustain forces for a minimum of 30 days. Also called FM. (JP 4-01.5) 

force multiplier — A capability that, when added to and employed by a combat force, 

significantly increases the combat potential of that force and thus enhances the 

probability of successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-05.1) 

force planning — 1. Planning associated with the creation and maintenance of military 

capabilities by the Military Departments, Services, and US Special Operations 

Command. 2. In the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System, the planning 

conducted by the supported combatant command and its components to determine 

required force capabilities to accomplish an assigned mission. (JP 5-0) 

force projection — The ability to project the military instrument of national power from the 

United States or another theater, in response to requirements for military operations. 

See also force. (JP 3-0) 

force protection — Preventive measures taken to mitigate hostile actions against 

Department of Defense personnel (to include family members), resources, facilities, 

and critical information. Also called FP. See also force; force protection condition; 

protection. (JP 3-0) 

force protection condition — A Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-approved standard 

for identification of and recommended responses to terrorist threats against US 

personnel and facilities. Also called FPCON. See also antiterrorism; force 

protection. (JP 3-07.2) 

force protection detachment — A counterintelligence element that provides 

counterintelligence support to transiting and assigned ships, personnel, and aircraft in 

regions of elevated threat. Also called FPD. (JP 2-01.2) 

force protection working group — Cross-functional working group whose purpose is to 

conduct risk assessment and risk management and to recommend mitigating measures 

to the commander. Also called FPWG. (JP 3-10) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

120 JP 1-02 

force rendezvous — (*) A checkpoint at which formations of aircraft or ships join and 

become part of the main force. 

force sequencing — The phased introduction of forces into and out of the operational area. 

(JP 3-68) 

force sourcing — The identification of the actual units, their origins, ports of embarkation, 

and movement characteristics to satisfy the time-phased force requirements of a 

supported commander. (JP 5-0) 

force tracking — The process of gathering and maintaining information on the location, 

status, and predicted movement of each element of a unit including the unit’s command 

element, personnel, and unit-related supplies and equipment while in transit to the 

specified operational area. (JP 3-35) 

force visibility — The current and accurate status of forces; their current mission; future 

missions; location; mission priority; and readiness status. Force visibility provides 

information on the location, operational tempo, assets, and sustainment requirements of 

a force as part of an overall capability for a combatant commander. (JP 3-35) 

forcible entry — Seizing and holding of a military lodgment in the face of armed 

opposition. See also lodgment. (JP 3-18) 

foreign assistance — Assistance to foreign nations ranging from the sale of military 

equipment to donations of food and medical supplies to aid survivors of natural and 

man-made disasters. US foreign assistance takes three forms: development assistance, 

humanitarian assistance, and security assistance. See also domestic emergencies; 

foreign disaster; foreign humanitarian assistance; security assistance. (JP 3-29) 

foreign consequence management — United States Government activity that assists 

friends and allies in responding to the effects from an intentional or accidental 

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear incident on foreign territory in order to 

maximize preservation of life. Also called FCM. (JP 3-41) 

foreign disaster — An act of nature (such as a flood, drought, fire, hurricane, earthquake, 

volcanic eruption, or epidemic), or an act of man (such as a riot, violence, civil strife, 

explosion, fire, or epidemic), which is or threatens to be of sufficient severity and 

magnitude to warrant United States foreign disaster relief to a foreign country, foreign 

persons, or to an intergovernmental organization. See also foreign disaster relief. 

 (JP 3-29) 

foreign disaster relief — Prompt aid that can be used to alleviate the suffering of foreign 

disaster victims. Normally it includes humanitarian services and transportation; the 

provision of food, clothing, medicine, beds, and bedding; temporary shelter and 

housing; the furnishing of medical materiel and medical and technical personnel; and 

making repairs to essential services. See also foreign disaster. (JP 3-29) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 121 

foreign humanitarian assistance — Department of Defense activities, normally in support 

of the United States Agency for International Development or Department of State, 

conducted outside the United States, its territories, and possessions to relieve or reduce 

human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. Also called FHA. See also foreign 

assistance. (JP 3-29) 

foreign instrumentation signals intelligence — A subcategory of signals intelligence, 

consisting of technical information and intelligence derived from the intercept of 

foreign electromagnetic emissions associated with the testing and operational 

deployment of non-US aerospace, surface, and subsurface systems. Foreign 

instrumentation signals include but are not limited to telemetry, beaconry, electronic 

interrogators, and video data links. Also called FISINT. See also signals intelligence. 

(JP 2-01) 

foreign intelligence — Information relating to capabilities, intentions, and activities of 

foreign powers, organizations, or persons, but not including counterintelligence, except 

for information on international terrorist activities. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

foreign intelligence entity — Any known or suspected foreign organization, person, or 

group (public, private, or governmental) that conducts intelligence activities to acquire 

US information, block or impair US intelligence collection, influence US policy, or 

disrupts US systems and programs. The term includes foreign intelligence and security 

services and international terrorists. Also called FIE. (JP 2-01.2) 

foreign internal defense — Participation by civilian and military agencies of a government 

in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated 

organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, 

terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called FID. (JP 3-22) 

foreign military intelligence collection activities — Entails the overt debriefing, by trained 

human intelligence personnel, of all US persons employed by the Department of 

Defense who have access to information of potential national security value. Also 

called FORMICA. (JP 2-01.2) 

foreign military sales — That portion of United States security assistance authorized by the 

Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 

1976, as amended. This assistance differs from the Military Assistance Program and 

the International Military Education and Training Program in that the recipient provides 

reimbursement for defense articles and services transferred. Also called FMS. 

 (JP 4-08) 

foreign national — Any person other than a US citizen, US permanent or temporary legal 

resident alien, or person in US custody. (JP 1-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

122 JP 1-02 

foreign nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered to a nation when 

operating outside its national boundaries during military operations based on 

agreements mutually concluded between nations or on behalf of intergovernmental 

organizations. Also called FNS. See also host-nation support. (JP 1-06) 

foreign object damage — Rags, pieces of paper, line, articles of clothing, nuts, bolts, or 

tools that, when misplaced or caught by air currents normally found around aircraft 

operations (jet blast, rotor or prop wash, engine intake), cause damage to aircraft 

systems or weapons or injury to personnel. Also called FOD. (JP 3-04) 

foreign service national — Foreign nationals who provide clerical, administrative, 

technical, fiscal, and other support at foreign service posts abroad and are not citizens 

of the United States. The term includes third country nationals who are individuals 

employed by a United States mission abroad and are neither a citizen of the United 

States nor of the country to which assigned for duty. Also called FSN. (JP 3-68) 

foreshore — That portion of a beach extending from the low water (datum) shoreline to the 

limit of normal high water wave wash. (JP 4-01.6) 

formerly restricted data — Information removed from the restricted data category upon a 

joint determination by the Department of Energy (or antecedent agencies) and 

Department of Defense that such information relates primarily to the military utilization 

of atomic weapons and that such information can be adequately safeguarded as 

classified defense information. (Section 142d, Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as 

amended.) (JP 2-01) 

forward air controller — An officer (aviator/pilot) member of the tactical air control party 

who, from a forward ground or airborne position, controls aircraft in close air support 

of ground troops. Also called FAC. See also close air support. (JP 3-09.3) 

forward air controller (airborne) — A specifically trained and qualified aviation officer 

who exercises control from the air of aircraft engaged in close air support of ground 

troops. The forward air controller (airborne) is normally an airborne extension of the 

tactical air control party. A qualified and current forward air controller (airborne) will 

be recognized across the Department of Defense as capable and authorized to perform 

terminal attack control. Also called FAC(A). (JP 3-09.3) 

forward area — An area in proximity to combat. (JP 4-02) 

forward arming and refueling point — A temporary facility — organized, equipped, and 

deployed by an aviation commander, and normally located in the main battle area closer 

to the area where operations are being conducted than the aviation unit’s combat service 

area — to provide fuel and ammunition necessary for the employment of aviation 

maneuver units in combat. The forward arming and refueling point permits combat 

aircraft to rapidly refuel and rearm simultaneously. Also called FARP. (JP 3-09.3)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 123 

forward aviation combat engineering — A mobility operation in which engineers perform 

tasks in support of forward aviation ground facilities. Also called FACE. See also 

combat engineering; reconnaissance. (JP 3-34) 

forward edge of the battle area — The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground 

combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening 

forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or 

the maneuver of units. Also called FEBA. (JP 3-09.3) 

forward line of own troops — A line that indicates the most forward positions of friendly 

forces in any kind of military operation at a specific time. Also called FLOT. 

(JP 3-03)

forward-looking infrared — An airborne, electro-optical thermal imaging device that 

detects far-infrared energy, converts the energy into an electronic signal, and provides a 

visible image for day or night viewing. Also called FLIR. (JP 3-09.3) 

forward observer — An observer operating with front line troops and trained to adjust 

ground or naval gunfire and pass back battlefield information. In the absence of a 

forward air controller, the observer may control close air support strikes. Also called 

FO. See also forward air controller; spotter. (JP 3-09) 

forward operating base — An airfield used to support tactical operations without 

establishing full support facilities. The base may be used for an extended time period. 

Support by a main operating base will be required to provide backup support for a 

forward operating base. Also called FOB. (JP 3-09.3) 

forward operating location — Primarily used for counterdrug operations. Similar to a 

forward operating base (FOB) but without the in-place infrastructure associated with a 

FOB. Also called FOL.

forward operating site — A scaleable location outside the United States and US territories 

intended for rotational use by operating forces. Such expandable “warm facilities” may 

be maintained with a limited US military support presence and possibly pre-positioned 

equipment. Forward operating sites support rotational rather than permanently 

stationed forces and are a focus for bilateral and regional training. Also called FOS. 

See also cooperative security location; main operating base. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

forward operations base — In special operations, a base usually located in friendly 

territory or afloat that is established to extend command and control or communications 

or to provide support for training and tactical operations. Facilities may be established 

for temporary or longer duration operations and may include an airfield or an 

unimproved airstrip, an anchorage, or a pier. A forward operations base may be the 

location of special operations component headquarters or a smaller unit that is 

controlled and/or supported by a main operations base. Also called FOB. See also

advanced operations base; main operations base. (JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

124 JP 1-02 

forward resuscitative care — Care provided as close to the point of injury as possible 

based on current operational requirements to attain stabilization, achieve the most 

efficient use of life-and-limb saving medical treatment, and provide essential care so 

the patient can tolerate evacuation, which is known as Role 2 care in the North Atlantic 

Treaty Organization doctrine. Also called FRC. See also essential care; evacuation; 

medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) 

foundation geospatial-intelligence data — The base underlying data to provide context 

and a framework for display and visualization of the environment to support analysis 

operations and intelligence, which consists of: features; elevation; controlled imagery; 

geodetic sciences; geographic names and boundaries; aeronautical, maritime and 

human geography. (JP 2-03) 

463L system — Aircraft pallets, nets, tie down, and coupling devices, facilities, handling 

equipment, procedures, and other components designed to interface with military and 

civilian aircraft cargo restraint systems. Though designed for airlift, system 

components may have to move intermodally via surface to support geographic 

combatant commander objectives. (JP 4-09) 

fragmentary order — An abbreviated form of an operation order issued as needed after an 

operation order to change or modify that order or to execute a branch or sequel to that 

order. Also called FRAGORD. (JP 5-0) 

freedom of navigation operations — Operations conducted to demonstrate US navigation, 

overflight, and related interests on, or under, and over the seas. (JP 3-0) 

free drop — The dropping of equipment or supplies from an aircraft without the use of 

parachutes. See also airdrop; air movement; free fall; high velocity drop; low 

velocity drop. (JP 3-17) 

free fall — A parachute maneuver in which the parachute is manually activated at the 

discretion of the jumper or automatically at a preset altitude. See also airdrop; air 

movement; free drop; high velocity drop; low velocity drop. (JP 3-17) 

free-fire area — A specific area into which any weapon system may fire without additional 

coordination with the establishing headquarters. Also called FFA. (JP 3-09) 

free mail — Correspondence of a personal nature that weighs less than 11 ounces, to 

include audio and video recording tapes, from a member of the Armed Forces or 

designated civilian, mailed postage free from a Secretary of Defense approved free mail 

zone. (JP 1-0) 

frequency deconfliction — A systematic management procedure to coordinate the use of 

the electromagnetic spectrum for operations, communications, and intelligence 

functions. Frequency deconfliction is one element of electromagnetic spectrum 
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JP 1-02 125 

management. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum 

management; electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

frequency management — The requesting, recording, deconfliction of and issuance of 

authorization to use frequencies (operate electromagnetic spectrum dependent systems) 

coupled with monitoring and interference resolution processes. (JP 6-0) 

friendly — A contact positively identified as friendly. (JP 3-01) 

friendly force information requirement — Information the commander and staff need to 

understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities. Also called FFIR. 

(JP 3-0) 

frustrated cargo — Any shipment of supplies and/or equipment which, while en route to 

destination, is stopped prior to receipt and for which further disposition instructions 

must be obtained. (JP 4-01.5) 

full mobilization — See mobilization.

full-spectrum superiority — The cumulative effect of dominance in the air, land, 

maritime, and space domains and information environment (which includes 

cyberspace) that permits the conduct of joint operations without effective opposition or 

prohibitive interference. (JP 3-0) 

functional component command — A command normally, but not necessarily, composed 

of forces of two or more Military Departments which may be established across the 

range of military operations to perform particular operational missions that may be of 

short duration or may extend over a period of time. See also component; Service 

component command. (JP 1) 

functional damage assessment — The estimate of the effect of military force to degrade or 

destroy the functional or operational capability of the target to perform its intended 

mission and on the level of success in achieving operational objectives established 

against the target. This assessment is based upon all-source information, and includes 

an estimation of the time required for recuperation or replacement of the target 

function. See also damage assessment; target. (JP 3-60) 

functions — The appropriate or assigned duties, responsibilities, missions, or tasks of an 

individual, office, or organization. As defined in the National Security Act of 1947, as 

amended, the term “function” includes functions, powers, and duties (5 United States 

Code 171n (a)). 

fusion — In intelligence usage, the process of examining all sources of intelligence and 

information to derive a complete assessment of activity. (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

126 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

G 

JP 1-02 127 

gear — A general term for a collection of spars, ropes, blocks, and equipment used for 

lifting and stowing cargo and ships stores. (JP 4-01.6) 

general agency agreement — A contract between the Maritime Administration and a 

steamship company which, as general agent, exercises administrative control over a 

government-owned ship for employment by the Military Sealift Command. Also 

called GAA. See also Military Sealift Command. (JP 3-02.1) 

general cargo — Cargo that is susceptible for loading in general, nonspecialized stowage 

areas or standard shipping containers; e.g., boxes, barrels, bales, crates, packages, 

bundles, and pallets. (JP 4-09) 

general engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities, other than combat 

engineering, that modify, maintain, or protect the physical environment. Also called 

GE. (JP 3-34) 

general military intelligence — Intelligence concerning the (1) military capabilities of 

foreign countries or organizations or (2) topics affecting potential US or multinational 

military operations, relating to the following subjects: armed forces capabilities, 

including order of battle, organization, training, tactics, doctrine, strategy, and other 

factors bearing on military strength and effectiveness; area and terrain intelligence, 

including urban areas, coasts and landing beaches, and meteorological, oceanographic, 

and geological intelligence; transportation in all modes; military materiel production 

and support industries; military and civilian communications systems; military 

economics, including foreign military assistance; insurgency and terrorism; militarypolitical-sociological intelligence; location, identification, and description of militaryrelated installations; government control; escape and evasion; and threats and forecasts. 

(Excludes scientific and technical intelligence.) Also called GMI. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

general orders — 1. Permanent instructions, issued in order form, that apply to all members 

of a command, as compared with special orders, which affect only individuals or small 

groups. General orders are usually concerned with matters of policy or administration. 

2. A series of permanent guard orders that govern the duties of a sentry on post. 

general purchasing agents — Agents who have been appointed in the principal overseas 

areas to supervise, control, coordinate, negotiate, and develop the local procurement of 

supplies, services, and facilities by Armed Forces of the United States, in order that the 

most effective utilization may be made of local resources and production. 

general quarters — A condition of readiness when naval action is imminent. All battle 

stations are fully manned and alert; ammunition is ready for instant loading; guns and 

guided missile launchers may be loaded. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

128 JP 1-02 

general support — 1. That support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not 

to any particular subdivision thereof. See also close support; direct support; mutual 

support; support. 2. A tactical artillery mission. Also called GS. See also direct 

support; general support-reinforcing. (JP 3-09.3)

general support-reinforcing — General support-reinforcing artillery has the mission of 

supporting the force as a whole and of providing reinforcing fires for other artillery 

units. Also called GSR. 

general unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore 

movement in which unloading is primarily logistic in character, and emphasizes speed 

and volume of unloading operations. It encompasses the unloading of units and cargo 

from the ships as rapidly as facilities on the beach permit. It proceeds without regard to 

class, type, or priority of cargo, as permitted by cargo handling facilities ashore. See 

also initial unloading period. (JP 3-02) 

geographic coordinates — The quantities of latitude and longitude which define the 

position of a point on the surface of the Earth with respect to the reference spheroid. 

(JP 2-03)

geospatial engineering — Those engineering capabilities and activities that contribute to a 

clear understanding of the physical environment by providing geospatial information 

and services to commanders and staffs. See also geospatial information and services. 

(JP 3-34) 

geospatial information — Information that identifies the geographic location and 

characteristics of natural or constructed features and boundaries on the Earth, including: 

statistical data and information derived from, among other things, remote sensing, 

mapping, and surveying technologies; and mapping, charting, geodetic data and related 

products. (JP 2-03) 

geospatial information and services — The collection, information extraction, storage, 

dissemination, and exploitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, 

aeronautical, topographic, hydrographic, littoral, cultural, and toponymic data 

accurately referenced to a precise location on the Earth’s surface. Also called GI&S. 

(JP 2-03) 

geospatial intelligence — The exploitation and analysis of imagery and geospatial 

information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically 

referenced activities on the Earth. Geospatial intelligence consists of imagery, imagery 

intelligence, and geospatial information. Also called GEOINT. (JP 2-03) 

geospatial intelligence base for contingency operations — A mobile visualization tool 

available through National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the Defense Logistics 

Agency. Applications are broad, including the capability to become familiar with a 

foreign environment, develop a battle scene, plan and execute noncombatant 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 129 

evacuations, contingency operations, urban area missions, and provide access to 

geospatial data where networks or infrastructure have been damaged or do not exist. 

Also called GIBCO. (JP 3-68) 

geospatial intelligence operations — The tasks, activities, and events to collect, manage, 

analyze, generate, visualize, and provide imagery, imagery intelligence, and geospatial 

information necessary to support national and defense missions and international 

arrangements. Also called GEOINT operations. (JP 2-03)

glide bomb — A bomb fitted with airfoils to provide lift and which is carried and released 

in the direction of a target by an airplane. 

Global Air Transportation Execution System — The Air Mobility Command’s aerial 

port operations and management information system designed to support automated 

cargo and passenger processing, the reporting of in-transit visibility data to the Global 

Transportation Network, and billing to Air Mobility Command’s financial management 

directorate. Also called GATES. See also Air Mobility Command; Global 

Transportation Network. (JP 3-17) 

global ballistic missile defense. Defense against ballistic missile threats that cross one or 

more geographical combatant command boundaries and requires synchronization 

among the affected combatant commands. Also called GBMD. (JP 3-01) 

Global Combat Support System-Joint — The primary information technology application 

used to provide automation support to the joint logistician. Also called GCSS-J. 

 (JP 4-0)

Global Command and Control System — A deployable command and control system 

supporting forces for joint and multinational operations across the range of military 

operations with compatible, interoperable, and integrated communications systems. 

Also called GCCS. See also command and control; command and control system. 

(JP 6-0) 

Global Decision Support System — Command and control system for Air Mobility 

Command’s mobility airlift and air refueling assets. Provides aircraft schedules, arrival 

and/or departure, and aircraft status data to support in-transit visibility of aircraft and 

aircrews. Also called GDSS. See also Air Mobility Command; in-transit visibility. 

(JP 3-17) 

global distribution — The process that coordinates and synchronizes fulfillment of joint 

force requirements from point of origin to point of employment. See also distribution. 

(JP 4-09) 

global distribution of materiel — The process of providing materiel from the source of 

supply to its point of consumption or use on a worldwide basis. See also global 

distribution. (JP 4-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

130 JP 1-02 

Global Information Grid — The globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information 

capabilities, and associated processes for collecting, processing, storing, disseminating, 

and managing information on demand to warfighters, policy makers, and support 

personnel. The Global Information Grid includes owned and leased communications 

and computing systems and services, software (including applications), data, security 

services, other associated services and National Security Systems. Also called GIG. 

(JP 6-0) 

global information infrastructure — The worldwide interconnection of communications 

networks, computers, databases, and consumer electronics that make vast amounts of 

information available to users. The global information infrastructure encompasses a 

wide range of equipment, including cameras, scanners, keyboards, facsimile machines, 

computers, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable, wire, satellites, fiberoptic transmission lines, networks of all types, televisions, monitors, printers, and much 

more. The friendly and adversary personnel who make decisions and handle the 

transmitted information constitute a critical component of the global information 

infrastructure. Also called GII. See also defense information infrastructure; 

information system; national information infrastructure. (JP 3-13) 

Global Network Operations Center — United States Strategic Command operational 

element responsible for providing global satellite communications system status; 

maintaining global situational awareness to include each combatant commander’s 

planned and current operations as well as contingency plans; supporting radio 

frequency interference resolution management; supporting satellite anomaly resolution 

and management; facilitating satellite communications interface to the defense 

information infrastructure; and managing the regional satellite communications support 

centers. Also called GNC. (JP 6-0) 

Global Patient Movement Requirements Center — A joint activity reporting directly to 

the Commander, United States Transportation Command, which provides medical 

regulating and aeromedical evacuation scheduling for the continental United States and 

intertheater operations, provides support to the theater patient movement requirements 

centers, and coordinates with supporting resource providers to identify available assets 

and communicates transport to bed plans to the appropriate transportation agency for 

execution. Also called GPMRC. See also medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) 

Global Positioning System — A satellite-based radio navigation system operated by the 

Department of Defense to provide all military, civil, and commercial users with precise 

positioning, navigation, and timing. Also called GPS. (JP 3-14) 

global transportation management — The integrated process of satisfying transportation 

requirements using the Defense Transportation System to meet national security 

objectives. The process begins with planning, programming, and budgeting for 

transportation assets, services, and associated systems and continues through delivery 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 131 

of the users’ transportation movement requirements. Also called GTM. See also

Defense Transportation System; Global Transportation Network. (JP 4-01) 

Global Transportation Network — The automated support necessary to enable US 

Transportation Command and its components to provide global transportation 

management. The Global Transportation Network provides the integrated transportation 

data and systems necessary to accomplish global transportation planning, command and 

control, and in-transit visibility across the range of military operations. The designated 

Department of Defense in-transit visibility system provides customers with the ability to 

track the identity, status, and location of Department of Defense units and non-unit 

cargo, passengers, patients, forces, and military and commercial airlift, sealift, and 

surface assets from origin to destination across the range of military operations. The 

Global Transportation Network collects, integrates, and distributes transportation 

information to combatant commanders, Services, and other Department of Defense 

customers. Global Transportation Network provides US Transportation Command with 

the ability to perform command and control operations, planning and analysis, and 

business operations in tailoring customer requirements throughout the requirements 

process. Also called GTN. See also global transportation management; in-transit 

visibility; United States Transportation Command. (JP 4-01) 

go no-go — The condition or state of operability of a component or system: “go,” 

functioning properly; or “no-go,” not functioning properly. Alternatively, a critical 

point at which a decision to proceed or not must be made. (JP 3-02) 

governance — The state’s ability to serve the citizens through the rules, processes, and 

behavior by which interests are articulated, resources are managed, and power is 

exercised in a society, including the representative participatory decision-making 

processes typically guaranteed under inclusive, constitutional authority. (JP 3-24)

governing factors — In the context of joint operation planning, those aspects of the 

situation (or externally imposed factors) that the commander deems critical to the 

accomplishment of the mission. (JP 5-0) 

gradient — The rate of inclination to horizontal expressed as a ratio, such as 1:25, 

indicating a one unit rise to 25 units of horizontal distance. (JP 4-01.6) 

grand strategy — See National Security Strategy.

grid coordinates — Coordinates of a grid coordinate system to which numbers and letters 

are assigned for use in designating a point on a gridded map, photograph, or chart. 

(JP 3-09) 

ground alert — That status in which aircraft on the ground/deck are fully serviced and 

armed, with combat crews in readiness to take off within a specified period of time 

after receipt of a mission order. See also airborne alert. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

132 JP 1-02 

ground-based interceptor — A fixed-based, surface-to-air missile for defense against 

long-range ballistic missiles using an exo-atmospheric hit-to-kill interception of the 

targeted reentry vehicle in the midcourse phase of flight. Also called GBI. (JP 3-01) 

ground-based midcourse defense — A surface-to-air ballistic missile defense system for 

exo-atmospheric midcourse phase interception of long-range ballistic missiles using the 

ground-based interceptors. Also called GMD. (JP 3-01) 

ground fire — Small arms ground-to-air fire directed against aircraft. 

group — 1. A flexible administrative and tactical unit composed of either two or more 

battalions or two or more squadrons. 2. A number of ships and/or aircraft, normally a 

subdivision of a force, assigned for a specific purpose. 3. A long-standing functional 

organization that is formed to support a broad function within a joint force 

commander’s headquarters. Also called GP. (JP 3-33) 

group of targets — (*) Two or more targets on which fire is desired simultaneously. A 

group of targets is designated by a letter/number combination or a nickname. 

guarded frequencies — A list of time-oriented, enemy frequencies that are currently being 

exploited for combat information and intelligence or jammed after the commander has 

weighed the potential operational gain against the loss of the technical information. See 

also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

guerrilla force — A group of irregular, predominantly indigenous personnel organized 

along military lines to conduct military and paramilitary operations in enemy-held, 

hostile, or denied territory. (JP 3-05) 

guerrilla warfare — Military and paramilitary operations conducted in enemy-held or 

hostile territory by irregular, predominantly indigenous forces. Also called GW. See 

also unconventional warfare. (JP 3-05.1) 

guided missile — An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the Earth whose 

trajectory or flight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal 

mechanism. See also ballistic missile. (JP 3-01) 

gun — 1. A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively low angle of fire, 

and having a high muzzle velocity. 2. A cannon with tube length 30 calibers or more. 

See also howitzer; mortar.

gun-target line — (*) An imaginary straight line from gun to target. Also called GTL. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

H 

JP 1-02 133 

half-life — The time required for the activity of a given radioactive species to decrease to 

half of its initial value due to radioactive decay. The half-life is a characteristic 

property of each radioactive species and is independent of its amount or condition. The 

effective half-life of a given isotope is the time in which the quantity in the body will 

decrease to half as a result of both radioactive decay and biological elimination. 

(JP 3-11) 

handling (ordnance) — Applies to those individuals who engage in the breakout, lifting, or 

repositioning of ordnance or explosive devices in order to facilitate storage or stowage, 

assembly or disassembly, loading or downloading, or transporting. See also

downloading; ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

hardstand — 1. A paved or stabilized area where vehicles are parked. 2. Open ground with 

a prepared surface used for the storage of materiel. (JP 3-34) 

hasty breach — The creation of lanes through enemy minefields by expedient methods 

such as blasting with demolitions, pushing rollers or disabled vehicles through the 

minefields when the time factor does not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberate 

breaching, or bypassing the obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

hatch — An opening in a ship’s deck giving access to cargo holds. (JP 4-01.6) 

hazard — A condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; 

damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation. See also injury; 

risk. (JP 3-33) 

hazardous cargo — Cargo that includes not only large bulk-type categories such as 

explosives, pyrotechnics, petroleum, oils, and lubricants, compressed gases, corrosives 

and batteries, but lesser quantity materials like super-tropical bleach (oxiderizer), 

pesticides, poisons, medicines, specialized medical chemicals and medical waste that 

can be loaded as cargo. (JP 3-02.1) 

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels — The potential hazard that is created when 

volatile combustibles, such as fuel, are exposed to electromagnetic fields of sufficient 

energy to cause ignition. Also called HERF. (JP 3-04)

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance — The danger of accidental actuation 

of electro-explosive devices or otherwise electrically activating ordnance because of 

radio frequency electromagnetic fields. This unintended actuation could have safety 

(premature firing) or reliability (dudding) consequences. Also called HERO. See also

electromagnetic radiation; HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; 

ordnance. (JP 3-04) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

134 JP 1-02 

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel — The potential hazard that exists 

when personnel are exposed to an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to heat 

the human body. Also called HERP. (JP 3-04)

head of contracting activity — The official who has overall responsibility for managing 

the contracting activity. Also called HCA. (JP 4-10)

head-up display — (*) A display of flight, navigation, attack, or other information 

superimposed upon the pilot’s forward field of view. Also called HUD. See also 

flight.

health care provider — Any member of the Armed Forces, civilian employee of the 

Department of Defense, or personal services contract employee under Title 10, United 

States Code, Section 1091 authorized by the Department of Defense to perform health 

care functions. Also called DOD health care provider. (JP 4-02) 

health service support — All services performed, provided, or arranged to promote, 

improve, conserve, or restore the mental or physical well-being of personnel, which 

include, but are not limited to, the management of health services resources, such as 

manpower, monies, and facilities; preventive and curative health measures; evacuation 

of the wounded, injured, or sick; selection of the medically fit and disposition of the 

medically unfit; blood management; medical supply, equipment, and maintenance 

thereof; combat and operational stress control; and medical, dental, veterinary, 

laboratory, optometric, nutrition therapy, and medical intelligence services. Also called 

HSS. (JP 4-02) 

health surveillance — The regular or repeated collection, analysis, and interpretation of 

health-related data and the dissemination of information to monitor the health of a 

population and to identify potential health risks, thereby enabling timely interventions 

to prevent, treat, reduce, or control disease and injury, which includes occupational and 

environmental health surveillance and medical surveillance subcomponents. (JP 4-02) 

health threat — A composite of ongoing or potential enemy actions; adverse 

environmental, occupational, and geographic and meteorological conditions; endemic 

diseases; and employment of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons 

(to include weapons of mass destruction) that have the potential to affect the short- or 

long-term health (including psychological impact) of personnel. (JP 4-02) 

heavy drop — A system of delivery of heavy supplies and equipment by parachute. 

heavy-lift cargo — 1. Any single cargo lift, weighing over 5 long tons, and to be handled 

aboard ship. 2. In Marine Corps usage, individual units of cargo that exceed 800 

pounds in weight or 100 cubic feet in volume. (JP 4-01.5)
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JP 1-02 135 

heavy-lift ship — A ship specially designed and capable of loading and unloading heavy 

and bulky items and has booms of sufficient capacity to accommodate a single lift of 

100 tons. (JP 4-01.2) 

height of burst — The vertical distance from the Earth’s surface or target to the point of 

burst. Also called HOB. (JP 3-41) 

helicopter coordination section — The section within the Navy tactical air control center 

that coordinates rotary-wing air operations with all helicopter direction centers and air 

traffic control center(s) in the amphibious force. Also called HCS. (JP 3-02) 

helicopter direction center — In amphibious operations, the primary direct control agency 

for the helicopter group/unit commander operating under the overall control of the 

tactical air control center. Also called HDC. (JP 3-02)

helicopter landing zone — A specified ground area for landing assault helicopters to 

embark or disembark troops and/or cargo. A landing zone may contain one or more 

landing sites. Also called HLZ.

helicopter support team — A task organization formed and equipped for employment in a 

landing zone to facilitate the landing and movement of helicopter-borne troops, 

equipment, and supplies, and to evacuate selected casualties and enemy prisoners of 

war. Also called HST. (JP 3-50) 

helicopter transport area — Areas to the seaward and on the flanks of the outer transport 

and landing ship areas, but preferably inside the area screen, used for launching and/or 

recovering helicopters. (JP 3-02) 

helicopter wave — See wave.

herbicide — A chemical compound that will kill or damage plants. (JP 3-11) 

HERO SAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item that is percussion initiated, sufficiently 

shielded or otherwise so protected that all electro-explosive devices contained by the 

item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in 

its expected radio frequency environments, provided that the general hazards of 

electromagnetic radiation to ordnance requirements defined in the hazards from 

electromagnetic radiation manual are observed. See also electromagnetic radiation; 

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE 

ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive 

devices proven by test or analysis to be adversely affected by radio frequency energy to 

the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system 

is employed in its expected radio frequency environment. See also electromagnetic 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

136 JP 1-02 

radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; HERO SAFE 

ordnance; HERO UNSAFE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

HERO UNSAFE ordnance — Any ordnance item containing electro-explosive devices 

that has not been classified as HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance as a 

result of a hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance (HERO) analysis or test is 

considered HERO UNSAFE ordnance. Additionally, any ordnance item containing 

electro-explosive devices (including those previously classified as HERO SAFE or 

HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance) that has its internal wiring exposed; when tests are 

being conducted on that item that result in additional electrical connections to the item; 

when electro-explosive devices having exposed wire leads are present and handled or 

loaded in any but the tested condition; when the item is being assembled or 

disassembled; or when such ordnance items are damaged causing exposure of internal 

wiring or components or destroying engineered HERO protective devices. See also

electromagnetic radiation; hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance; 

HERO SAFE ordnance; HERO SUSCEPTIBLE ordnance; ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

H-hour — The specific hour on D-day at which a particular operation commences. (JP 5-0) 

high altitude bombing — Horizontal bombing with the height of release over 15,000 feet. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

high-altitude low-opening parachute technique — A method of delivering personnel, 

equipment, or supplies from airlift aircraft that must fly at altitudes above the threat 

umbrella. Also called HALO. (JP 3-17) 

high-altitude missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined 

dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests 

with high-altitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called HIMEZ. (JP 3-01) 

high-density airspace control zone — Airspace designated in an airspace control plan or 

airspace control order, in which there is a concentrated employment of numerous and 

varied weapons and airspace users. A high-density airspace control zone has defined 

dimensions which usually coincide with geographical features or navigational aids. 

Access to a high-density airspace control zone is normally controlled by the maneuver 

commander. The maneuver commander can also direct a more restrictive weapons 

status within the high-density airspace control zone. Also called HIDACZ. (JP 3-52) 

high-payoff target — A target whose loss to the enemy will significantly contribute to the 

success of the friendly course of action. High-payoff targets are those high-value 

targets that must be acquired and successfully attacked for the success of the friendly 

commander’s mission. Also called HPT. See also high-value target; target. 

 (JP 3-60) 

high-payoff target list — A prioritized list of high-payoff targets by phase of the joint 

operation. Also called HPTL. See also high-payoff target; target. (JP 3-60) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 137 

high-risk personnel — Personnel who, by their grade, assignment, symbolic value, or 

relative isolation, are likely to be attractive or accessible terrorist targets. Also called 

HRP. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

high value airborne asset protection — A defensive counterair mission using fighter 

escorts that defends airborne national assets which are so important that the loss of even 

one could seriously impact United States warfighting capabilities or provide the enemy 

with significant propaganda value. Also called HVAA protection. See also defensive 

counterair. (JP 3-01) 

high-value target — A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion 

of the mission. The loss of high-value targets would be expected to seriously degrade 

important enemy functions throughout the friendly commander’s area of interest. Also 

called HVT. See also high-payoff target; target. (JP 3-60) 

high velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity is greater than 30 feet 

per second (low velocity drop) and lower than free drop velocity. See also airdrop. 

(JP 3-17)

hinterland, far — That region surrounding a beach or terminal operation to the extent that 

it has characteristics that affect the operation — normally within 100 miles. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

hinterland, near — The area of land within an operational area of a specific beach or 

terminal operation — usually within 5 miles. (JP 4-01.6) 

holding point — A geographically or electronically defined location used in stationing 

aircraft in flight in a predetermined pattern in accordance with air traffic control 

clearance. (JP 3-50) 

homeland — The physical region that includes the continental United States, Alaska, 

Hawaii, United States possessions and territories, and surrounding territorial waters and 

airspace. (JP 3-28) 

homeland defense — The protection of United States sovereignty, territory, domestic 

population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or 

other threats as directed by the President. Also called HD. (JP 3-27) 

homeland security — A concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the 

United States; reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, major disasters, and other 

emergencies; and minimize the damage and recover from attacks, major disasters, and 

other emergencies that occur. Also called HS. (JP 3-28) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

138 JP 1-02 

home station — The permanent location of active duty units and Reserve Component units 

(e.g., location of armory or reserve center). See also active duty; Reserve 

Component. (JP 4-05) 

homing — The technique whereby a mobile station directs itself, or is directed, towards a 

source of primary or reflected energy, or to a specified point. (JP 3-50) 

homing adaptor — A device which, when used with an aircraft radio receiver, produces 

aural and/or visual signals that indicate the direction of a transmitting radio station with 

respect to the heading of the aircraft. (JP 3-50)

honey pot — A trap set to detect, deflect, or in some manner counteract attempts at 

unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data, or a 

network site that appears to be part of a network, but is actually isolated, (un)protected, 

and monitored, and which seems to contain information or a resource of value to 

attackers. (JP 3-13.4)

horizontal stowage — The lateral distribution of unit equipment or categories of supplies 

so that they can be unloaded simultaneously from two or more holds. (JP 3-02.1) 

hostage rescue — A personnel recovery method used to recover isolated personnel who are 

specifically designated as hostages. Also called HR. (JP 3-50) 

host country — A nation which permits, either by written agreement or official invitation, 

government representatives and/or agencies of another nation to operate, under 

specified conditions, within its borders. (JP 2-01.2) 

hostile act — An attack or other use of force against the US, US forces, or other designated 

persons or property. It also includes force used directly to preclude or impede the 

mission and/or duties of US forces, including the recovery of US personnel or vital US 

Government property. (JP 3-28) 

hostile casualty — A person who is the victim of a terrorist activity or who becomes a 

casualty “in action.” “In action” characterizes the casualty as having been the direct 

result of hostile action, sustained in combat or relating thereto, or sustained going to or 

returning from a combat mission provided that the occurrence was directly related to 

hostile action. Included are persons killed or wounded mistakenly or accidentally by 

friendly fire directed at a hostile force or what is thought to be a hostile force. 

However, not to be considered as sustained in action and not to be interpreted as hostile 

casualties are injuries or death due to the elements, self-inflicted wounds, combat 

fatigue, and except in unusual cases, wounds or death inflicted by a friendly force while 

the individual is in an absent-without-leave, deserter, or dropped-from-rolls status or is 

voluntarily absent from a place of duty. See also casualty. 

hostile intent — The threat of imminent use of force against the United States, United 

States forces, or other designated persons or property. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 139 

host nation — A nation which receives the forces and/or supplies of allied nations and/or 

NATO organizations to be located on, to operate in, or to transit through its territory. 

Also called HN. (JP 3-57) 

host-nation support — Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign 

forces within its territory during peacetime, crises or emergencies, or war based on 

agreements mutually concluded between nations. Also called HNS. See also host 

nation. (JP 4-0) 

host-nation support agreement — Basic agreement normally concluded at government-togovernment or government- to-combatant commander level. These agreements may 

include general agreements, umbrella agreements, and memoranda of understanding. 

See also host nation; host-nation support. (JP 3-35) 

hovering — A self-sustaining maneuver whereby a fixed, or nearly fixed, position is 

maintained relative to a spot on the surface of the Earth or underwater. (JP 3-04) 

howitzer — 1. A cannon that combines certain characteristics of guns and mortars. The 

howitzer delivers projectiles with medium velocities, either by low or high trajectories. 

2. Normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers; however, the tube length 

can exceed 30 calibers and still be considered a howitzer when the high angle fire 

zoning solution permits range overlap between charges. See also gun; mortar.

hub — An organization that sorts and distributes inbound cargo from wholesale supply 

sources (airlifted, sealifted, and ground transportable) and/or from within the theater. 

See also hub and spoke distribution; spoke. (JP 4-09)

hub and spoke distribution — A physical distribution system developed and modeled on 

industry standards to provide cargo management for a theater. It is based on a “hub” 

moving cargo to and between several “spokes”. It is designed to increase transportation 

efficiencies and in-transit visibility and reduce order ship time. See also distribution;

distribution system; hub; in-transit visibility; spoke. (JP 4-09) 

human factors — The psychological, cultural, behavioral, and other human attributes that 

influence decision-making, the flow of information, and the interpretation of 

information by individuals or groups. (JP 2-0) 

human intelligence — A category of intelligence derived from information collected and 

provided by human sources. Also called HUMINT. (JP 2-0)

humanitarian and civic assistance — Assistance to the local populace provided by 

predominantly US forces in conjunction with military operations and exercises. This 

assistance is specifically authorized by Title 10, United States Code, Section 401, and 

funded under separate authorities. Also called HCA. See also foreign humanitarian 

assistance. (JP 3-29) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

140 JP 1-02 

humanitarian assistance — Programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural 

or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, 

or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage 

to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided by US forces is limited in 

scope and duration. The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement 

the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary 

responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance. Also called HA. (JP 3-57) 

humanitarian assistance coordination center — A temporary center established by a 

geographic combatant commander to assist with interagency coordination and 

planning. A humanitarian assistance coordination center operates during the early 

planning and coordination stages of foreign humanitarian assistance operations by 

providing the link between the geographic combatant commander and other United 

States Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international and 

regional organizations at the strategic level. Also called HACC. See also foreign 

humanitarian assistance; interagency coordination. (JP 3-29) 

humanitarian demining assistance — The activities related to the furnishing of education, 

training, and technical assistance with respect to the detection and clearance of land 

mines and other explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-29) 

humanitarian mine action — Activities that strive to reduce the social, economic, and 

environmental impact of land mines, unexploded ordnance and small arms ammunition 

- also characterized as explosive remnants of war. (JP 3-15) 

humanitarian operations center — An international and interagency body that coordinates 

the overall relief strategy and unity of effort among all participants in a large foreign 

humanitarian assistance operation. It normally is established under the direction of the 

government of the affected country or the United Nations, or a US Government agency 

during a US unilateral operation. Because the humanitarian operations center operates 

at the national level, it will normally consist of senior representatives from the affected 

country, assisting countries, the United Nations, nongovernmental organizations, 

intergovernmental organizations, and other major organizations involved in the 

operation. Also called HOC. See also operation. (JP 3-29) 

hung ordnance — Those weapons or stores on an aircraft that the pilot has attempted to 

drop or fire but could not because of a malfunction of the weapon, rack or launcher, or 

aircraft release and control system. (JP 3-04) 

hydrographic reconnaissance — Reconnaissance of an area of water to determine depths, 

beach gradients, the nature of the bottom, and the location of coral reefs, rocks, shoals, 

and man-made obstacles. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 141 

hyperspectral imagery — Term used to describe the imagery derived from subdividing the 

electromagnetic spectrum into very narrow bandwidths allowing images useful in 

precise terrain or target analysis to be formed. Also called HSI. (JP 2-03) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

142 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

I 

JP 1-02 143 

identification — 1. The process of determining the friendly or hostile character of an 

unknown detected contact. 2. In arms control, the process of determining which nation 

is responsible for the detected violations of any arms control measure. 3. In ground 

combat operations, discrimination between recognizable objects as being friendly or 

enemy, or the name that belongs to the object as a member of a class. Also called ID. 

(JP 3-01) 

identification, friend or foe — A device that emits a signal positively identifying it as a 

friendly. Also called IFF. See also air defense. (JP 3-52) 

identification maneuver — A maneuver performed for identification purposes. (JP 3-52) 

imagery — A likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or related object 

or activity, and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness or 

representation was acquired, including: products produced by space-based national 

intelligence reconnaissance systems; and likeness and presentations produced by 

satellites, airborne platforms, unmanned aerial vehicles, or other similar means (except 

that such term does not include handheld or clandestine photography taken by or on 

behalf of human intelligence collection organizations). (JP 2-03) 

imagery exploitation — The cycle of processing, using, interpreting, mensuration and/or 

manipulating imagery, and any assembly or consolidation of the results for 

dissemination. (JP 2-03) 

imagery intelligence — The technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived 

through the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials. Also called 

IMINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-03) 

immediate air support — Air support to meet specific requests which arise during the 

course of a battle and which by their nature cannot be planned in advance. (JP 3-09.3) 

immediate decontamination — Decontamination carried out by individuals immediately 

upon becoming contaminated to save lives, minimize casualties, and limit the spread of 

contamination. This may include decontamination of some personal clothing and/or 

equipment. Also called emergency decontamination. See also contamination; 

decontamination. (JP 3-11) 

immediate message — A category of precedence reserved for messages relating to 

situations that gravely affect the security of national and multinational forces or 

populace and that require immediate delivery to the addressee(s).

immediate mission request — A request for an air strike on a target that, by its nature, 

could not be identified sufficiently in advance to permit detailed mission coordination 

and planning. See also preplanned mission request. (JP 3-09.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

144 JP 1-02 

immediate response — Any form of immediate action taken to save lives, prevent human 

suffering, or mitigate great property damage under imminently serious conditions when 

time does not permit approval from a higher authority. (JP 3-28) 

immediate response authority — A Federal military commander’s, Department of 

Defense component head’s, and/or responsible Department of Defense civilian 

official’s authority temporarily to employ resources under their control, subject to any 

supplemental direction provided by higher headquarters, and provide those resources to 

save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage in response to a 

request for assistance from a civil authority, under imminently serious conditions when 

time does not permit approval from a higher authority within the United States. 

Immediate response authority does not permit actions that would subject civilians to the 

use of military power that is regulatory, prescriptive, proscriptive, or compulsory. 

(DODD 3025.18) 

impact area — An area having designated boundaries within the limits of which all 

ordnance will detonate or impact. 

implementation — Procedures governing the mobilization of the force and the deployment, 

employment, and sustainment of military operations in response to execution orders 

issued by the Secretary of Defense. Also called IMP. (JP 5-0) 

implied task — In the context of joint operation planning, a task derived during mission 

analysis that an organization must perform or prepare to perform to accomplish a 

specified task or the mission, but which is not stated in the higher headquarters order. 

See also essential task; specified task. (JP 5-0) 

imprest fund — A cash fund of a fixed amount established through an advance of funds, 

without appropriation change, to an authorized imprest fund cashier to effect immediate 

cash payments of relatively small amounts for authorized purchases of supplies and 

nonpersonal services. (JP 1-0) 

improvised explosive device — A weapon that is fabricated or emplaced in an 

unconventional manner incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, or 

incendiary chemicals designed to kill, destroy, incapacitate, harass, deny mobility, or 

distract. Also called IED. (JP 3-15.1) 

inactive duty training — Authorized training performed by a member of a Reserve 

Component not on active duty or active duty for training and consisting of regularly 

scheduled unit training assemblies, additional training assemblies, periods of 

appropriate duty or equivalent training, and any special additional duties authorized for 

Reserve Component personnel by the Secretary concerned, and performed by them in 

connection with the prescribed activities of the organization in which they are assigned 

with or without pay. Does not include work or study associated with correspondence 

courses. Also called IDT. See also active duty for training.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 145 

Inactive National Guard — Army National Guard personnel in an inactive status not in the 

Selected Reserve who are attached to a specific National Guard unit but do not 

participate in training activities. Upon mobilization, they will mobilize with their units. 

In order for these personnel to remain members of the Inactive National Guard, they 

must muster once a year with their assigned unit. Like the Individual Ready Reserve, 

all members of the Inactive National Guard have legal, contractual obligations. 

Members of the Inactive National Guard may not train for retirement credit or pay and 

are not eligible for promotion. Also called ING. See also Individual Ready Reserve; 

Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

inactive status — Status of reserve members on an inactive status list of a Reserve 

Component or assigned to the Inactive Army National Guard. Those in an inactive 

status may not train for points or pay, and may not be considered for promotion. 

incapacitating agent — A chemical agent, which produces temporary disabling conditions 

which (unlike those caused by riot control agents) can be physical or mental and persist 

for hours or days after exposure to the agent has ceased. (JP 3-11) 

incident — 1. In information operations, an assessed event of attempted entry, unauthorized 

entry, or an information attack on an automated information system. It includes 

unauthorized probing and browsing; disruption or denial of service; altered or destroyed 

input, processing, storage, or output of information; or changes to information system 

hardware, firmware, or software characteristics with or without the users’ knowledge, 

instruction, or intent. 2. An occurrence, caused by either human action or natural 

phenomena, that requires action to prevent or minimize loss of life or damage to 

property and/or natural resources. See also information operations. (JP 3-28) 

incident command post — The field location at which the primary tactical-level on-scene 

incident command functions are performed. It may be collocated with the incident base 

or other incident facilities and is normally identified by a green rotating or flashing 

light. Also called ICP. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-28) 

incident command system — A standardized on-scene emergency management construct 

designed to aid in the management of resources during incidents. Consists of facilities, 

equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications established for this purpose. 

Also called ICS. (JP 3-28) 

incident management — A national comprehensive approach to preventing, preparing for, 

responding to, and recovering from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other 

emergencies. Incident management includes measures and activities performed at the 

local, state, and national levels and includes both crisis and consequence management 

activities. (JP 3-28) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

146 JP 1-02 

incremental costs — Costs which are additional costs to the Service appropriations that 

would not have been incurred absent support of the contingency operation. See also 

financial management. (JP 1-06) 

independent government estimate — The government’s estimate of the resources and 

projected cost of the resources a contractor will incur in the performance of the 

contract. Also called IGE. (JP 4-10)

indications — In intelligence usage, information in various degrees of evaluation, all of 

which bear on the intention of a potential enemy to adopt or reject a course of action. 

(JP 2-0) 

indications and warning — Those intelligence activities intended to detect and report timesensitive intelligence information on foreign developments that could involve a threat 

to the United States or allied and/or coalition military, political, or economic interests 

or to US citizens abroad. It includes forewarning of hostile actions or intentions against 

the United States, its activities, overseas forces, or allied and/or coalition nations. Also 

called I&W. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

indicator — In intelligence usage, an item of information which reflects the intention or 

capability of an adversary to adopt or reject a course of action. (JP 2-0) 

indigenous populations and institutions — A generic term used to describe the civilian 

construct of an operational area to include its populations (legal citizens, legal and 

illegal immigrants, and all categories of dislocated civilians), governmental, tribal, 

commercial, and private organizations and entities. Also called IPI. (JP 3-57)

indirect fire — Fire delivered on a target that is not itself used as a point of aim for the 

weapons or the director. (JP 3-01) 

individual mobilization augmentee — An individual reservist attending drills who 

receives training and is preassigned to an Active Component organization, a Selective 

Service System, or a Federal Emergency Management Agency billet that must be filled 

on, or shortly after, mobilization. Individual mobilization augmentees train on a parttime basis with these organizations to prepare for mobilization. Inactive duty training 

for individual mobilization augmentees is decided by component policy and can vary 

from 0 to 48 drills a year. Also called IMA. (JP 4-05) 

individual protective equipment — In chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear 

operations, the personal clothing and equipment required to protect an individual from 

chemical, biological, and radiological hazards and some nuclear hazards. Also called 

IPE. (JP 3-11) 

Individual Ready Reserve — A manpower pool consisting of individuals who have had 

some training or who have served previously in the Active Component or in the Selected 

Reserve, and may have some period of their military service obligation remaining. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 147 

Members may voluntarily participate in training for retirement points and promotion 

with or without pay. Also called IRR. See also Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

industrial mobilization — The transformation of industry from its peacetime activity to the 

industrial program necessary to support the national military objectives. It includes the 

mobilization of materials, labor, capital, production facilities, and contributory items 

and services essential to the industrial program. See also mobilization. (JP 4-05) 

industrial preparedness — The state of preparedness of industry to produce essential 

materiel to support the national military objectives. (JP 4-05) 

industrial preparedness program — Plans, actions, or measures for the transformation of 

the industrial base, both government-owned and civilian-owned, from its peacetime 

activity to the emergency program necessary to support the national military objectives. 

It includes industrial preparedness measures such as modernization, expansion, and 

preservation of the production facilities and contributory items and services for 

planning with industry. Also called IPP. (JP 4-05) 

inertial navigation system — A self-contained navigation system using inertial detectors, 

which automatically provides vehicle position, heading, and velocity. Also called INS. 

(JP 3-09) 

infiltration — 1. The movement through or into an area or territory occupied by either 

friendly or enemy troops or organizations. The movement is made, either by small 

groups or by individuals, at extended or irregular intervals. When used in connection 

with the enemy, it implies that contact is avoided. 2. In intelligence usage, placing an 

agent or other person in a target area in hostile territory. Usually involves crossing a 

frontier or other guarded line. Methods of infiltration are: black (clandestine); grey 

(through legal crossing point but under false documentation); and white (legal). 

(JP 3-05.1) 

influence mine — A mine actuated by the effect of a target on some physical condition in 

the vicinity of the mine or on radiations emanating from the mine. See also mine. 

(JP 3-15) 

influence sweep — A sweep designed to produce an influence similar to that produced by a 

ship and thus actuate mines. (JP 3-15) 

information assurance — Measures that protect and defend information and information 

systems by ensuring their availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and 

nonrepudiation, which includes providing for restoration of information systems by 

incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities. Also called IA. See also 

information operations; information system. (JP 3-33) 

information-based processes — Processes that collect, analyze, and disseminate 

information using any medium or form. These processes may be stand-alone processes 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

148 JP 1-02 

or sub-processes that, taken together, comprise a larger system or systems of processes. 

See also information system. (JP 3-13) 

information environment — The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that 

collect, process, disseminate, or act on information. See also information system. 

 (JP 3-13) 

information management — The function of managing an organization’s information 

resources for the handling of data and information acquired by one or many different 

systems, individuals, and organizations in a way that optimizes access by all who have 

a share in that data or a right to that information. Also called IM. (JP 3-0) 

information operations — The integrated employment, during military operations, of 

information-related capabilities in concert with other lines of operation to influence, 

disrupt, corrupt, or usurp the decision-making of adversaries and potential adversaries 

while protecting our own. Also called IO. See also computer network operations; 

electronic warfare; military deception; operations security; military information 

support operations. (SecDef Memo 12401-10) 

information report — Report used to forward raw information collected to fulfill 

intelligence requirements. (JP 2-01) 

information requirements — In intelligence usage, those items of information regarding 

the adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment that need to be 

collected and processed in order to meet the intelligence requirements of a commander. 

See also priority intelligence requirement. (JP 2-0) 

information resources — Information and related resources, such as personnel, equipment, 

and information technology. (JP 3-35) 

information security — The protection of information and information systems against 

unauthorized access or modification of information, whether in storage, processing, or 

transit, and against denial of service to authorized users. Also called INFOSEC. See 

also information system. (JP 3-13) 

information superiority — The operational advantage derived from the ability to collect, 

process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of information while exploiting or 

denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. See also information operations. 

 (JP 3-13) 

information system — The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, and components 

for the collection, processing, storage, transmission, display, dissemination, and 

disposition of information. See also information operations. (JP 3-13) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 149 

infrared imagery — That imagery produced as a result of sensing electromagnetic 

radiations emitted or reflected from a given target surface in the infrared position of the 

electromagnetic spectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns). (JP 2-03) 

infrared pointer — A low power laser device operating in the near infrared light spectrum 

that is visible with light amplifying night vision devices. Also called IR pointer. 

 (JP 3-09.3) 

infrastructure — All building and permanent installations necessary for the support, 

redeployment, and military forces operations (e.g., barracks, headquarters, airfields, 

communications, facilities, stores, port installations, and maintenance stations). 

(JP 3-35) 

initial assessment — An assessment that provides a basic determination of the viability of 

the infiltration and exfiltration portion of a proposed special operations forces mission. 

Also called IA. (JP 3-05.1) 

initial operational capability — The first attainment of the capability to employ effectively 

a weapon, item of equipment, or system of approved specific characteristics that is 

manned or operated by an adequately trained, equipped, and supported military unit or 

force. Also called IOC.

initial radiation — The radiation, essentially neutrons and gamma rays, resulting from a 

nuclear burst and emitted from the fireball within one minute after burst. See also

residual radiation. (JP 3-11) 

initial reception point — In personnel recovery, a secure area or facility under friendly 

control where initial reception of recovered isolated personnel can safely take place. 

(JP 3-50) 

initial response force — The first unit, usually military police, on the scene of a terrorist 

incident. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

initial unloading period — In amphibious operations, that part of the ship-to-shore 

movement in which unloading is primarily tactical in character and must be instantly 

responsive to landing force requirements. All elements intended to land during this 

period are serialized. See also general unloading period. (JP 3-02) 

initiating directive — An order to a subordinate commander to conduct military operations 

as directed. It is issued by the unified commander, subunified commander, Service 

component commander, or joint force commander delegated overall responsibility for 

the operation. (JP 3-18) 

injury — 1. A term comprising such conditions as fractures, wounds, sprains, strains, 

dislocations, concussions, and compressions. 2. Conditions resulting from extremes of 

temperature or prolonged exposure. 3. Acute poisonings (except those due to 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

150 JP 1-02 

contaminated food) resulting from exposure to a toxic or poisonous substance. See also 

casualty. (JP 4-02) 

inland petroleum distribution system —A multi-product system consisting of both 

commercially available and military standard petroleum equipment that can be 

assembled by military personnel and, when assembled into an integrated petroleum 

distribution system, provides the military with the capability required to support an 

operational force with bulk fuels. The inland petroleum distribution system is 

comprised of three primary subsystems: tactical petroleum terminal, pipeline segments, 

and pump stations. Also called IPDS. (JP 4-03) 

inland search and rescue region — The inland areas of the continental United States, 

except waters under the jurisdiction of the United States. See also search and rescue 

region. (JP 3-50) 

inner transport area — In amphibious operations, an area as close to the landing beach as 

depth of water, navigational hazards, boat traffic, and enemy action permit, to which 

transports may move to expedite unloading. See also outer transport area; transport 

area. (JP 3-02) 

instrument approach procedure — A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly 

transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the 

initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually 

or the missed approach procedure is initiated. (JP 3-04) 

instrument meteorological conditions — Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of 

visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling; less than minimums specified for visual 

meteorological conditions. Also called IMC. See also visual meteorological 

conditions. (JP 3-04) 

instruments of national power — All of the means available to the government in its 

pursuit of national objectives. They are expressed as diplomatic, economic, 

informational and military. (JP 1) 

in support of — Assisting or protecting another formation, unit, or organization while 

remaining under original control. (JP 1) 

insurgency — The organized use of subversion and violence by a group or movement that 

seeks to overthrow or force change of a governing authority. Insurgency can also refer 

to the group itself. (JP 3-24) 

integrated air and missile defense — The integration of capabilities and overlapping 

operations to defend the homeland and United States national interests, protect the joint 

force, and enable freedom of action by negating an adversary’s ability to create adverse 

effects from their air and missile capabilities. Also called IAMD. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 151 

integrated consumable item support — A decision support system that takes time-phased 

force and deployment data (i.e., Department of Defense deployment plans) and 

calculates the ability of the Defense Logistics Agency, the warehousing unit of the 

Department of Defense, to support those plans. Integrated consumable item support 

can calculate for the planned deployment supply/demand curves for over two million 

individual items stocked by the Defense Logistics Agency in support of deployment. 

Also called ICIS. (JP 4-03) 

integrated financial operations — The integration, synchronization, prioritization, and 

targeting of fiscal resources and capabilities across United States departments and 

agencies, multinational partners, and nongovernmental organizations against an 

adversary and in support of the population. Also called IFO. (JP 1-06) 

integrated logistic support — A composite of all the support considerations necessary to 

assure the effective and economical support of a system for its life cycle. Also called

ILS. (JP 4-01.5) 

integrated materiel management — The exercise of total Department of Defense-level 

management responsibility for a federal supply group or class, commodity, or item for 

a single agency. It normally includes computation of requirements, funding, budgeting, 

storing, issuing, cataloging, standardizing, and procuring functions. Also called IMM. 

See also materiel; materiel management. (JP 4-07) 

integrated planning — In amphibious operations, the planning accomplished by 

commanders and staffs of corresponding echelons from parallel chains of command 

within the amphibious task force. See also amphibious operation; amphibious task 

force. (JP 3-02) 

integrated priority list — A list of a combatant commander’s highest priority 

requirements, prioritized across Service and functional lines, defining shortfalls in key 

programs that, in the judgment of the combatant commander, adversely affect the 

capability of the combatant commander’s forces to accomplish their assigned mission. 

Also called IPL. (JP 1-04) 

integrated staff — (*) A staff in which one officer only is appointed to each post on the 

establishment of the headquarters, irrespective of nationality and Service. See also

multinational staff; joint staff.

integration — 1. In force protection, the synchronized transfer of units into an operational 

commander's force prior to mission execution. 2. The arrangement of military forces 

and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. 3. In 

photography, a process by which the average radar picture seen on several scans of the 

time base may be obtained on a print, or the process by which several photographic 

images are combined into a single image. See also force protection. (JP 1) 
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152 JP 1-02 

intelligence — The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, 

evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign 

nations, hostile or potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential 

operations. The term is also applied to the activity which results in the product and to 

the organizations engaged in such activity. See also acoustic intelligence; all-source 

intelligence; combat intelligence; communications intelligence; critical 

intelligence; current intelligence; domestic intelligence; electronic intelligence; 

electro-optical intelligence; foreign intelligence; foreign instrumentation signals 

intelligence; general military intelligence; imagery intelligence; joint intelligence; 

laser intelligence; measurement and signature intelligence; medical intelligence; 

national intelligence; nuclear intelligence; open-source intelligence; operational 

intelligence; radar intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence; strategic 

intelligence; tactical intelligence; target intelligence; technical intelligence; 

technical operational intelligence; terrain intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

intelligence annex — A supporting document of an operation plan or order that provides 

detailed information on the enemy situation, assignment of intelligence tasks, and 

intelligence administrative procedures. (JP 2-01) 

intelligence community — All departments or agencies of a government that are concerned 

with intelligence activity, either in an oversight, managerial, support, or participatory 

role. Also called IC. (JP 2-01.2) 

intelligence database — The sum of holdings of intelligence data and finished intelligence 

products at a given organization. (JP 2-01) 

intelligence discipline — A well defined area of intelligence planning, collection, 

processing, exploitation, analysis, and reporting using a specific category of technical 

or human resources. There are seven major disciplines: human intelligence, geospatial 

intelligence, measurement and signature intelligence, signals intelligence, open-source 

intelligence, technical intelligence, and counterintelligence. See also 

counterintelligence; human intelligence; imagery intelligence; intelligence; 

measurement and signature intelligence; open-source intelligence; signals 

intelligence; technical intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

intelligence estimate — The appraisal, expressed in writing or orally, of available 

intelligence relating to a specific situation or condition with a view to determining the 

courses of action open to the enemy or adversary and the order of probability of their 

adoption. (JP 2-0) 

intelligence federation — A formal agreement in which a combatant command joint 

intelligence center receives preplanned intelligence support from other joint intelligence 

centers, Service intelligence organizations, reserve organizations, and national agencies 

during crisis or contingency operations. (JP 2-01) 
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JP 1-02 153 

intelligence information report — The primary vehicle used to provide human intelligence 

information to the consumer. It utilizes a message format structure that supports 

automated data entry into intelligence community databases. Also called IIR. 

 (JP 2-01.2) 

intelligence interrogation — The systematic process of using approved interrogation 

approaches to question a captured or detained person to obtain reliable information to 

satisfy intelligence requirements, consistent with applicable law. (JP 2-01.2) 

intelligence mission management — A systematic process by a joint intelligence staff to 

proactively and continuously formulate and revise command intelligence requirements, 

and track the resulting information through the processing, exploitation, and 

dissemination process to satisfy user requirements. Also called IMM. (JP 2-01)

intelligence operations — The variety of intelligence and counterintelligence tasks that are 

carried out by various intelligence organizations and activities within the intelligence 

process. See also analysis and production; collection; dissemination and 

integration; evaluation and feedback; planning and direction; processing and 

exploitation. (JP 2-01) 

intelligence preparation of the battlespace — The analytical methodologies employed by 

the Services or joint force component commands to reduce uncertainties concerning the 

enemy, environment, time, and terrain. Intelligence preparation of the battlespace 

supports the individual operations of the joint force component commands. Also called 

IPB. See also joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment. 

 (JP 2-01.3) 

intelligence process — The process by which information is converted into intelligence and 

made available to users, consisting of the six interrelated intelligence operations: 

planning and direction, collection, processing and exploitation, analysis and production, 

dissemination and integration, and evaluation and feedback. See also analysis and 

production; collection; dissemination and integration; evaluation and feedback; 

intelligence; planning and direction; processing and exploitation. (JP 2-01) 

intelligence-related activities — Those activities outside the consolidated defense 

intelligence program that: respond to operational commanders’ tasking for timesensitive information on foreign entities; respond to national intelligence community 

tasking of systems whose primary mission is support to operating forces; train 

personnel for intelligence duties; provide an intelligence reserve; or are devoted to 

research and development of intelligence or related capabilities. (Specifically excluded 

are programs that are so closely integrated with a weapon system that their primary 

function is to provide immediate-use targeting data.) (JP 2-01) 

intelligence report — A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at 

any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated as rapidly as possible in 

keeping with the timeliness of the information. Also called INTREP. (JP 2-01) 
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154 JP 1-02 

intelligence reporting — The preparation and conveyance of information by any means. 

More commonly, the term is restricted to reports as they are prepared by the collector 

and as they are transmitted by the collector to the latter’s headquarters and by this 

component of the intelligence structure to one or more intelligence-producing 

components. Thus, even in this limited sense, reporting embraces both collection and 

dissemination. The term is applied to normal and specialist intelligence reports. 

(JP 2-01.2)

intelligence requirement — 1. Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need 

for the collection of information, or the production of intelligence. 2. A requirement 

for intelligence to fill a gap in the command’s knowledge or understanding of the 

operational environment or threat forces. See also intelligence; priority intelligence 

requirement. (JP 2-0) 

intelligence source — The means or system that can be used to observe and record 

information relating to the condition, situation, or activities of a targeted location, 

organization, or individual. An intelligence source can be people, documents, 

equipment, or technical sensors. See also intelligence; source. (JP 2-0) 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance — An activity that synchronizes and 

integrates the planning and operation of sensors, assets, and processing, exploitation, 

and dissemination systems in direct support of current and future operations. This is an 

integrated intelligence and operations function. Also called ISR. See also 

intelligence; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization; 

reconnaissance; surveillance. (JP 2-01) 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance visualization — The capability to 

graphically display the current and future locations of intelligence, surveillance, and 

reconnaissance sensors, their projected platform tracks, vulnerability to threat 

capabilities and meteorological and oceanographic phenomena, fields of regard, tasked 

collection targets, and products to provide a basis for dynamic retasking and timesensitive decision making. Also called ISR visualization. See also intelligence; 

intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; reconnaissance; surveillance. 

(JP 2-01) 

intelligence system — Any formal or informal system to manage data gathering, to obtain 

and process the data, to interpret the data, and to provide reasoned judgments to 

decision makers as a basis for action. (JP 2-01) 

interagency — Of or pertaining to United States Government agencies and departments, 

including the Department of Defense. See also interagency coordination. (JP 3-08) 

interagency coordination — Within the context of Department of Defense involvement, 

the coordination that occurs between elements of Department of Defense, and engaged 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 155 

US Government agencies and departments for the purpose of achieving an objective. 

(JP 3-0) 

intercontinental ballistic missile — A land-based, long-range ballistic missile with a range 

capability greater than 3,000 nautical miles. Also called ICBM. (JP 3-01) 

interdepartmental or agency support — Provision of logistic and/or administrative 

support in services or materiel by one or more Military Services to one or more 

departments or agencies of the United States Government (other than military) with or 

without reimbursement. See also international logistic support; inter-Service 

support; support.

interdiction — 1. An action to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy’s military surface 

capability before it can be used effectively against friendly forces, or to otherwise 

achieve objectives. 2. In support of law enforcement, activities conducted to divert, 

disrupt, delay, intercept, board, detain, or destroy, under lawful authority, vessels, 

vehicles, aircraft, people, cargo, and money. See also air interdiction. (JP 3-03) 

intergovernmental organization — An organization created by a formal agreement 

between two or more governments on a global, regional, or functional basis to protect 

and promote national interests shared by member states. Also called IGO. (JP 3-08) 

intermediate-range ballistic missile — A land-based ballistic missile with a range 

capability from 1,500 to 3,000 nautical miles. Also called IRBM. (JP 3-01)

intermediate staging base — A tailorable, temporary location used for staging forces, 

sustainment and/or extraction into and out of an operational area. Also called ISB. See 

also base; staging base. (JP 3-35) 

intermodal — Type of international freight system that permits transshipping among sea, 

highway, rail, and air modes of transportation through use of American National 

Standards Institute and International Organization for Standardization containers, linehaul assets, and handling equipment. See also International Organization for 

Standardization. (JP 4-09) 

intermodal systems — Specialized transportation facilities, assets, and handling procedures 

designed to create a seamless transportation system by combining multimodal 

operations and facilities during the shipment of cargo. See also intermodal; 

transportation system. (JP 4-01) 

internal audience — US military members and Department of Defense civilian employees 

and their immediate families. See also external audience. (JP 3-61) 

internal defense and development — The full range of measures taken by a nation to 

promote its growth and to protect itself from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

156 JP 1-02 

terrorism, and other threats to its security. Also called IDAD. See also foreign 

internal defense. (JP 3-22) 

internal information — See command information.

internally displaced person — Any person who has been forced or obliged to flee or to 

leave their home or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to 

avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of 

human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an 

internationally recognized state border. (JP 3-29) 

internal security — The state of law and order prevailing within a nation. (JP 3-08) 

internal waters — All waters, other than lawfully claimed archipelagic waters, landward of 

the baseline from which the territorial sea is measured. Archipelagic states may also 

delimit internal waters consistent with the 1982 convention on the law of the sea. All 

states have complete sovereignty over their internal waters. 

International Convention for Safe Containers — A convention held in Geneva, 

Switzerland, on 2 Dec 1972, which resulted in setting standard safety requirements for 

containers moving in international transport. These requirements were ratified by the 

United States on 3 January 1978. Also called CSC. (JP 4-09) 

international cooperative logistics — (*) Cooperation and mutual support in the field of 

logistics through the coordination of policies, plans, procedures, development activities, 

and the common supply and exchange of goods and services arranged on the basis of 

bilateral and multilateral agreements with appropriate cost reimbursement provisions. 

international logistics — The negotiating, planning, and implementation of supporting 

logistic arrangements between nations, their forces, and agencies. It includes 

furnishing logistic support (major end items, materiel, and/or services) to, or receiving 

logistic support from, one or more friendly foreign governments, international 

organizations, or military forces, with or without reimbursement. It also includes 

planning and actions related to the intermeshing of a significant element, activity, or 

component of the military logistic systems or procedures of the United States with 

those of one or more foreign governments, international organizations, or military 

forces on a temporary or permanent basis. It includes planning and actions related to 

the utilization of United States logistic policies, systems, and/or procedures to meet 

requirements of one or more foreign governments, international organizations, or 

forces. (JP 4-08) 

international logistic support — The provision of military logistic support by one 

participating nation to one or more participating nations, either with or without 

reimbursement. See also interdepartmental or agency support; inter-Service 

support; support.
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JP 1-02 157 

international military education and training — Formal or informal instruction provided 

to foreign military students, units, and forces on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis by 

offices or employees of the United States, contract technicians, and contractors. 

Instruction may include correspondence courses; technical, educational, or 

informational publications; and media of all kinds. Also called IMET. See also 

United States Military Service funded foreign training. (JP 3-22) 

international narcotics activities — Those activities outside the United States which 

produce, transfer, or sell narcotics or other substances controlled in accordance with 

Title 21, “Food and Drugs” — United States Code, sections 811 and 812. (JP 3-07.4) 

International Organization for Standardization — A worldwide federation of national 

standards bodies from some 100 countries, one from each country. The International 

Organization for Standardization is a nongovernmental organization, established to 

promote the development of standardization and related activities in the world with a 

view to facilitating the international exchange of goods and services, and to developing 

cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic 

activity. Also called ISO. (JP 4-09) 

interoperability — 1. The ability to operate in synergy in the execution of assigned tasks. 

(JP 3-0) 2. The condition achieved among communications-electronics systems or 

items of communications-electronics equipment when information or services can be 

exchanged directly and satisfactorily between them and/or their users. The degree of 

interoperability should be defined when referring to specific cases. (JP 6-0) 

interorganizational coordination — The interaction that occurs among elements of the 

Department of Defense; engaged United States Government agencies; state, territorial, 

local, and tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; 

intergovernmental organizations; nongovernmental organizations; and the private 

sector. (JP 3-08) 

interpretation — A part of the analysis and production phase in the intelligence process in 

which the significance of information is judged in relation to the current body of 

knowledge. See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

interrogation — Systematic effort to procure information by direct questioning of a person 

under the control of the questioner. (JP 2-01.2) 

inter-Service, intragovernmental agreements — Formal long-term or operational specific 

support agreements between Services, Department of Defense (DOD), and/or nonDOD agencies governed by DOD Instruction 4000.19, Interservice and 

Intragovernmental Support. These agreements, normally developed at the Service 

Secretariat and governmental agency director level, document funding and 

reimbursement procedures as well as standards of support between the supplying and 

receiving Service or agencies. Inter-Service, intragovernmental agreements, while 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

158 JP 1-02 

binding Service level agreements, do not connote DOD-level executive agent 

responsibilities. See also inter-Service support. (JP 4-07) 

inter-Service support — Action by one Military Service or element thereof to provide 

logistic and/or administrative support to another Military Service or element thereof. 

Such action can be recurring or nonrecurring in character on an installation, area, or 

worldwide basis. See also interdepartmental or agency support; international 

logistic support; support. (JP 4-0) 

intertheater — Between theaters or between the continental United States and theaters. 

See also intertheater traffic. (JP 3-17) 

intertheater airlift — The common-user airlift linking theaters to the continental United 

States and to other theaters as well as the airlift within the continental United States. 

The majority of these air mobility assets is assigned to the Commander, United States 

Transportation Command. Because of the intertheater ranges usually involved, 

intertheater airlift is normally conducted by the heavy, longer range, intercontinental 

airlift assets but may be augmented with shorter range aircraft when required. 

Formerly referred to as “strategic airlift.” See also intratheater airlift. (JP 3-17) 

intertheater patient movement — Moving patients between, into, and out of the different 

theaters of the geographic combatant commands and into the continental United States 

or another supporting theater. See also en route care; evacuation; intratheater 

patient movement. (JP 4-02) 

intertheater traffic — Traffic between theaters exclusive of that between the continental 

United States and theaters. 

in-transit visibility — The ability to track the identity, status, and location of Department of 

Defense units, and non-unit cargo (excluding bulk petroleum, oils, and lubricants) and 

passengers; patients; and personal property from origin to consignee or destination 

across the range of military operations. Also called ITV. See also Global 

Transportation Network. (JP 4-01.2) 

intratheater — Within a theater. (JP 3-17) 

intratheater airlift — Airlift conducted within a theater. Assets assigned to a geographic 

combatant commander or attached to a subordinate joint force commander normally 

conduct intratheater airlift operations. Intratheater airlift provides air movement and 

delivery of personnel and equipment directly into objective areas through air landing, 

airdrop, extraction, or other delivery techniques as well as the air logistic support of all 

theater forces, including those engaged in combat operations, to meet specific theater 

objectives and requirements. During large-scale operations, US Transportation 

Command assets may be tasked to augment intratheater airlift operations, and may be 

temporarily attached to a joint force commander. Formerly referred to as theater airlift. 

See also intertheater airlift. (JP 3-17) 
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JP 1-02 159 

intratheater patient movement — Moving patients within the theater of a combatant 

command or in the continental United States. See also en route care; evacuation; 

intertheater patient movement. (JP 4-02) 

inventory control — That phase of military logistics that includes managing, cataloging, 

requirements determinations, procurement, distribution, overhaul, and disposal of 

materiel. Also called inventory management; materiel control; materiel 

management; supply management. (JP 4-09) 

inventory control point — An organizational unit or activity within a Department of 

Defense supply system that is assigned the primary responsibility for the materiel 

management of a group of items either for a particular Service or for the Defense 

Department as a whole. Materiel inventory management includes cataloging direction, 

requirements computation, procurement direction, distribution management, disposal 

direction and, generally, rebuild direction. Also called ICP. (JP 4-09) 

inventory management — See inventory control.

inventory managers — See inventory control point.

ionizing radiation — Particulate (alpha, beta, and neutron) and electromagnetic (X-ray and 

gamma) radiation of sufficient energy to displace electrons from atoms, producing ions. 

(JP 3-11)

ionosphere — That part of the atmosphere, extending from about 70 to 500 kilometers, in 

which ions and free electrons exist in sufficient quantities to reflect electromagnetic 

waves. 

IR pointer — See infrared pointer. (JP 3-09.3) 

irregular forces — Armed individuals or groups who are not members of the regular armed 

forces, police, or other internal security forces. (JP 3-24) 

irregular warfare — A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy 

and influence over the relevant population(s). Irregular warfare favors indirect and 

asymmetric approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other 

capacities, in order to erode an adversary’s power, influence, and will. Also called IW. 

(JP 1) 

isolated personnel — US military, Department of Defense civilians and contractor 

personnel (and others designated by the President or Secretary of Defense) who are 

separated from their unit (as an individual or a group) while participating in a US 

sponsored military activity or mission and are, or may be, in a situation where they 

must survive, evade, resist, or escape. See also combat search and rescue; search 

and rescue. (JP 3-50) 
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160 JP 1-02 

isolated personnel report — A Department of Defense Form (DD 1833) containing 

information designed to facilitate the identification and authentication of an isolated 

person by a recovery force. Also called ISOPREP. See also authentication; evader; 

recovery force. (JP 3-50) 

issue control group — A detachment that operates the staging area, consisting of holding 

areas and loading areas, in an operation. See also staging area. (JP 4-01.6) 

item manager — An individual within the organization of an inventory control point or 

other such organization assigned management responsibility for one or more specific 

items of materiel. (JP 4-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

J 

JP 1-02 161 

J-2X — The staff element of the intelligence directorate of a joint staff that combines and 

represents the principal authority for counterintelligence and human intelligence 

support. See also counterintelligence; human intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

joint — Connotes activities, operations, organizations, etc., in which elements of two or 

more Military Departments participate. (JP 1) 

joint acquisition review board — A joint task force or subunified commander established 

board used to review and make recommendations for controlling critical common-user 

logistic supplies and services within the joint operational area and to recommend the 

proper sources of support for approved support requirements. Also called JARB. See 

also combatant commander logistic procurement support board; joint contracting 

support board. (JP 4-10)

joint after action report — A report consisting of summary joint universal lessons learned. 

It describes a real world operation or training exercise and identifies significant lessons 

learned. Also called JAAR.

joint air attack team — A combination of attack and/or scout rotary-wing aircraft and 

fixed-wing close air support aircraft operating together to locate and attack highpriority targets and other targets of opportunity. The joint air attack team normally 

operates as a coordinated effort supported by fire support, air defense artillery, naval 

surface fire support, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems, electronic 

warfare systems, and ground maneuver forces against enemy forces. Joint terminal 

attack controllers may perform duties as directed by the air mission commander in 

support of the ground commander’s scheme of maneuver. Also called JAAT. See also 

close air support. (JP 3-09.3) 

joint air component coordination element — A general term for the liaison element that 

serves as the direct representative of the joint force air component commander for joint 

air operations. Also called JACCE. (JP 3-30) 

joint air operations — Air operations performed with air capabilities/forces made available 

by components in support of the joint force commander’s operation or campaign 

objectives, or in support of other components of the joint force. (JP 3-30) 

joint air operations center — A jointly staffed facility established for planning, directing, 

and executing joint air operations in support of the joint force commander’s operation 

or campaign objectives. Also called JAOC. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30) 

joint air operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint air operations to achieve 

the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and joint operational area. 

Also called JAOP. See also joint air operations. (JP 3-30) 
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162 JP 1-02 

joint base — For purposes of base defense operations, a joint base is a locality from which 

operations of two or more of the Military Departments are projected or supported and 

which is manned by significant elements of two or more Military Departments or in 

which significant elements of two or more Military Departments are located. See also 

base. (JP 3-10) 

joint captured materiel exploitation center — An element responsible for deriving 

intelligence information from captured enemy materiel. It is normally subordinate to 

the intelligence directorate of a joint staff. Also called JCMEC. (JP 2-01) 

joint civil-military operations task force — A joint task force composed of civil-military 

operations units from more than one Service. It provides support to the joint force 

commander in humanitarian or nation assistance operations, theater campaigns, or 

civil-military operations concurrent with or subsequent to regional conflict. It can 

organize military interaction among many governmental and nongovernmental 

humanitarian agencies within the theater. Also called JCMOTF. See also civilmilitary operations; joint task force. (JP 3-05.1) 

joint combined exchange training — A program conducted overseas to fulfill US forces 

training requirements and at the same time exchange the sharing of skills between US 

forces and host nation counterparts. Also called JCET. (JP 3-05) 

joint communications network — The aggregation of all the joint communications 

systems in a theater. The joint communications network includes the joint multichannel trunking and switching system and the joint command and control 

communications system(s). Also called JCN. (JP 6-0) 

joint concept — Links strategic guidance to the development and employment of future 

joint force capabilities and serve as “engines for transformation” that may ultimately 

lead to doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel 

and facilities (DOTMLPF) and policy changes. (CJCSI 3010.02) 

joint contracting support board — A joint task force or subunified commander 

established board to coordinate all contracting support and to determine specific 

contracting mechanisms to obtain commercially procured common logistic supplies 

and services within the joint operational area. Also called JCSB. See also combatant 

commander logistic procurement support board; joint acquisition review board. 

(JP 4-10)

joint counterintelligence unit — An organization composed of Service and Department of 

Defense agency counterintelligence personnel, formed under the authority of the 

Secretary of Defense and assigned to a combatant commander, which focuses on 

combatant command strategic and operational counterintelligence missions. Also 

called JCIU. (JP 2-01.2) 
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JP 1-02 163 

joint data network operations officer — The joint task force operations directorate officer 

responsible to the commander for integrating data from supporting components into a 

common database used to generate the common tactical picture. Also called JDNO. 

(JP 3-01) 

joint deployable intelligence support system — A transportable workstation and 

communications suite that electronically extends a joint intelligence center to a joint 

task force or other tactical user. Also called JDISS. (JP 2-0) 

Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise — The complex of equipment, 

procedures, doctrine, leaders, technical connectivity, information, shared knowledge, 

organizations, facilities, training, and materiel necessary to conduct joint distribution 

operations. Also called JDDE. (DODI 5851.06)

joint deployment and distribution operations center — A combatant command 

movement control organization designed to synchronize and optimize national and 

theater multimodal resources for deployment, distribution, and sustainment, Also 

called JDDOC. (JP 4-09) 

joint desired point of impact — A unique, alpha-numeric coded aimpoint identified by a 

three dimensional (latitude, longitude, elevation) mensurated point. It represents a 

weapon or capabilities desired point of impact or penetration and is used as the standard 

for identifying aimpoints. Also called a JDPI. See also aimpoint; desired point of 

impact; desired mean point of impact. (JP 3-60) 

joint distribution — The operational process of synchronizing all elements of the joint 

logistic system using the Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise for end-to-end 

movement of forces and materiel from point of origin to the designated point of need. 

(JP 4-09) 

joint doctrine — Fundamental principles that guide the employment of United States 

military forces in coordinated action toward a common objective and may include 

terms, tactics, techniques, and procedures. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual; doctrine; joint 

publication; joint test publication; multinational doctrine. (CJCSI 5120.02) 

joint doctrine development community — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the 

Services, the combatant commands, the Joint Staff, the combat support agencies, and 

the doctrine development agencies of the Services and the joint community. Also called 

JDDC. (CJCSI 5120.02) 

Joint Doctrine Development System — The system of lead agents, Joint Staff doctrine 

sponsors, primary review authorities, coordinating review authorities, technical review 

authorities, assessment agents, evaluation agents, Joint Doctrine Planning Conference, 

procedures, and hierarchical framework designed to initiate, develop, approve, and 

maintain joint publications. Also called JDDS. (CJCSI 5120.02) 
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164 JP 1-02 

Joint Doctrine Planning Conference — A forum convened by the Joint Staff J-7 that 

meets semiannually to address and vote on project proposals; discuss key joint doctrinal 

and operational issues; discuss potential changes to the joint doctrine development 

process; keep up to date on the status of the joint publication projects and emerging 

publications; and keep abreast of other initiatives of interest to the members. Also 

called JDPC. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

joint document exploitation center — An element, normally subordinate to the 

intelligence directorate of a joint staff, responsible for deriving intelligence information 

from captured adversary documents including all forms of electronic data and other 

forms of stored textual and graphic information. Also called JDEC. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-01) 

joint duty assignment — An assignment to a designated position in a multi-Service, joint 

or multinational command or activity that is involved in the integrated employment or 

support of the land, sea, and air forces of at least two of the three Military Departments. 

Such involvement includes, but is not limited to, matters relating to national military 

strategy, joint doctrine and policy, strategic planning, contingency planning, and 

command and control of combat operations under a unified or specified command. 

Also called JDA.

Joint Duty Assignment List — Positions designated as joint duty assignments are reflected 

in a list approved by the Secretary of Defense and maintained by the Joint Staff. The 

Joint Duty Assignment List is reflected in the Joint Duty Assignment Management 

Information System. Also called JDAL.

joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations — Those interrelated functions 

of frequency management, host nation coordination, and joint spectrum interference 

resolution that together enable the planning, management, and execution of operations 

within the electromagnetic operational environment during all phases of military 

operations. Also called JEMSMO. (JP 6-01) 

joint electromagnetic spectrum operations — Those activities consisting of electronic 

warfare and joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations used to exploit, 

attack, protect, and manage the electromagnetic operational environment to achieve the 

commander’s objectives. Also called JEMSO. (JP 6-01) 

joint engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within which 

multiple air defense systems (surface-to-air missiles and aircraft) are simultaneously 

employed to engage air threats. Also called JEZ. (JP 3-01) 

joint facilities utilization board — A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component 

requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-Service support, and construction 

to ensure compliance with Joint Civil-Military Engineering Board priorities. Also 

called JFUB. (JP 3-34) 
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JP 1-02 165 

joint field office — A temporary multiagency coordination center established at the incident 

site to provide a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, 

nongovernmental, and private-sector organizations with primary responsibility for 

incident oversight, direction, and/or assistance to effectively coordinate protection, 

prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery actions. Also called JFO. (JP 3-28) 

joint fires — Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more 

components in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common 

objective. See also fires. (JP 3-0) 

joint fires element — An optional staff element that provides recommendations to the 

operations directorate to accomplish fires planning and synchronization. Also called 

JFE. See also fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-60) 

joint fires observer — A trained Service member who can request, adjust, and control 

surface-to-surface fires, provide targeting information in support of Type 2 and 3 close 

air support terminal attack control, and perform autonomous terminal guidance 

operations. Also called JFO. (JP 3-09.3) 

joint fire support — Joint fires that assist air, land, maritime, and special operations forces 

to move, maneuver, and control territory, populations, airspace, and key waters. See 

also fire support; joint fires. (JP 3-0) 

joint flow and analysis system for transportation — System that determines the 

transportation feasibility of a course of action or operation plan; provides daily lift 

assets needed to move forces and resupply; advises logistic planners of channel and 

port inefficiencies; and interprets shortfalls from various flow possibilities. Also called 

JFAST. See also course of action; operation plan; system. (JP 3-35) 

joint force — A general term applied to a force composed of significant elements, assigned 

or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force 

commander. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) 

joint force air component commander — The commander within a unified command, 

subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing 

commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or 

made available for tasking air forces; planning and coordinating air operations; or 

accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFACC. 

See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) 

joint force chaplain — The military chaplain designated by the joint force commander to 

serve as the senior chaplain for the joint force. Also called the JFCH. (JP 1-05) 

joint force commander — A general term applied to a combatant commander, subunified 

commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

166 JP 1-02 

(command authority) or operational control over a joint force. Also called JFC. See 

also joint force. (JP 1) 

joint force land component commander — The commander within a unified command, 

subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing 

commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, attached, and/or 

made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or 

accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned. Also called JFLCC. 

See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) 

joint force maritime component commander — The commander within a unified 

command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the 

establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, 

attached, and/or made available for tasking maritime forces and assets; planning and 

coordinating maritime operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may 

be assigned. Also called JFMCC. See also joint force commander. (JP 3-0) 

joint force special operations component commander — The commander within a 

unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the 

establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned, 

attached, and/or made available for tasking special operations forces and assets; 

planning and coordinating special operations; or accomplishing such operational 

missions as may be assigned. Also called JFSOCC. See also joint force 

commander. (JP 3-0) 

joint force surgeon — A general term applied to a Department of Defense medical 

department officer appointed by the joint force commander to serve as the joint force 

special staff officer responsible for establishing, monitoring, or evaluating joint force 

health service support. Also called JFS. See also health service support; joint force. 

(JP 4-02) 

joint functions — Related capabilities and activities placed into six basic groups of 

command and control, intelligence, fires, movement and maneuver, protection, and 

sustainment to help joint force commanders synchronize, integrate, and direct joint 

operations. (JP 3-0) 

joint information system — Integrates incident information and public affairs into a 

cohesive organization designed to provide consistent, coordinated, timely information 

during a crisis or incident. Also called JIS. (JP 3-28) 

joint integrated prioritized target list — A prioritized list of targets approved and 

maintained by the joint force commander. Targets and priorities are derived from the 

recommendations of components and other appropriate agencies, in conjunction with 

their proposed operations supporting the joint force commander’s objectives and 

guidance. Also called JIPTL. See also target. (JP 3-60) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 167 

joint intelligence — Intelligence produced by elements of more than one Service of the 

same nation. (JP 2-0) 

joint intelligence architecture — A dynamic, flexible structure that consists of the Defense 

Joint Intelligence Operations Center, combatant command joint intelligence operations 

centers, and subordinate joint task force intelligence operations centers or joint 

intelligence support elements. This architecture encompasses automated data 

processing equipment capabilities, communications and information requirements, and 

responsibilities to provide national, theater, and tactical commanders with the full range 

of intelligence required for planning and conducting operations. See also intelligence. 

(JP 2-0) 

joint intelligence operations center — An interdependent, operational intelligence 

organization at the Department of Defense, combatant command, or joint task force (if 

established) level, that is integrated with national intelligence centers, and capable of 

accessing all sources of intelligence impacting military operations planning, execution, 

and assessment. Also called JIOC. (JP 2-0) 

joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment — The analytical process 

used by joint intelligence organizations to produce intelligence estimates and other 

intelligence products in support of the joint force commander’s decision-making 

process. It is a continuous process that includes defining the operational environment; 

describing the impact of the operational environment; evaluating the adversary; and 

determining adversary courses of action. Also called JIPOE. (JP 2-01.3) 

joint intelligence support element — A subordinate joint force element whose focus is on 

intelligence support for joint operations, providing the joint force commander, joint 

staff, and components with the complete air, space, ground, and maritime adversary 

situation. Also called JISE. See also intelligence; joint force; joint operations. 

 (JP 2-01) 

joint interagency coordination group — A staff group that establishes regular, timely, and 

collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners. 

Also called JIACG. (JP 3-08) 

joint interface control officer — The senior interface control officer for multi-tactical data 

link networks in the joint force who is responsible for development and validation of 

the architecture, joint interoperability and management of the multi-tactical data link 

networks, and overseeing operations of a joint interface control cell. Also called JICO. 

(JP 3-01) 

joint interrogation and debriefing center — Physical location for the exploitation of 

intelligence information from detainees and other sources. Also called JIDC. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

168 JP 1-02 

joint interrogation operations — 1. Activities conducted by a joint or interagency 

organization to extract information for intelligence purposes from enemy prisoners of 

war, dislocated civilians, enemy combatants, or other uncategorized detainees. 2. 

Activities conducted in support of law enforcement efforts to adjudicate enemy 

combatants who are believed to have committed crimes against US persons or property. 

Also called JIO. See also enemy combatant. (JP 2-01) 

joint land operations — Land operations performed across the range of military operations 

with land forces made available by Service components in support of the joint force 

commander’s operation or campaign objectives, or in support of other components of 

the joint force. (JP 3-31) 

joint land operations plan — A plan for a connected series of joint land operations to 

achieve the joint force commander’s objectives within a given time and operational 

area. (JP 3-31) 

joint logistics — The coordinated use, synchronization, and sharing of two or more Military 

Departments’ logistic resources to support the joint force. See also logistics. (JP 4-0) 

Joint Logistics Operations Center — The Joint Logistics Operations Center is the current 

operations division within the Logistics Directorate of the Joint Staff. It monitors 

crisis, exercises, and interagency actions. It also works acquisition and cross-servicing 

agreements as well as international logistics. The Joint Logistics Operations Center 

reviews deployment orders produced by the Operations Directorate of the Joint Staff 

for logistic issues and ensures the correct airlift priority code is assigned. Also called 

JLOC. See also logistics. (JP 4-01) 

joint logistics over-the-shore commander — The joint logistics over-the-shore (JLOTS) 

commander is selected by the joint force commander (JFC) and is usually from either 

the Army or Navy components that are part of the JFC’s task organization. This 

individual then builds a joint headquarters from personnel and equipment in theater to 

organize the efforts of all elements participating in accomplishing the JLOTS mission 

having either wet or dry cargo or both. JLOTS commanders will usually integrate 

members from each participating organization to balance the overall knowledge base in 

their headquarters. See also joint logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) 

joint logistics over-the-shore operations — Operations in which Navy and Army logistics 

over-the-shore forces conduct logistics over-the-shore operations together under a joint 

force commander. Also called JLOTS operations. See also joint logistics; logistics 

over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.2) 

joint manpower program — The policy, processes, and systems used in determination and 

prioritization within and among joint Service manpower requirements. Also called

JMP. (JP 1-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 169 

joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination cell — A subset of a joint 

meteorological and oceanographic coordination organization which is delegated the 

responsibility of executing the coordination of meteorological and oceanographic 

support operations in the operational area. Also called JMCC. (JP 3-59) 

joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination organization — A Service 

meteorological and oceanographic organization which is designated within the 

operations order as the lead organization responsible for coordinating meteorological 

and oceanographic operations support in the operational area. Also called JMCO. 

 (JP 3-59)

joint meteorological and oceanographic officer — Officer designated to provide direct 

meteorological and oceanographic support to a joint force commander. Also called 

JMO. (JP 3-59)

joint military information support task force — A military information support 

operations task force composed of headquarters and operational assets that assists the 

joint force commander in developing strategic, operational, and tactical military 

information support operation plans for a theater campaign or other operations. Also 

called JMISTF. See also joint special operations task force; military information 

support operations; special operations. (JP 3-13.2) 

joint mission-essential task — A mission task selected by a joint force commander deemed 

essential to mission accomplishment and defined using the common language of the 

Universal Joint Task List in terms of task, condition, and standard. Also called JMET. 

See also condition, universal joint task list. (JP 3-33) 

joint mortuary affairs office — Plans and executes all mortuary affairs programs within a 

theater. Provides guidance to facilitate the conduct of all mortuary programs and to 

maintain data (as required) pertaining to recovery, identification, and disposition of all 

US dead and missing in the assigned theater. Serves as the central clearing point for all 

mortuary affairs and monitors the deceased and missing personal effects program. Also 

called JMAO. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. (JP 4-06) 

joint movement center — The center established to coordinate the employment of all 

means of transportation (including that provided by allies or host nations) to support the 

concept of operations. This coordination is accomplished through establishment of 

transportation policies within the assigned operational area, consistent with relative 

urgency of need, port and terminal capabilities, transportation asset availability, and 

priorities set by a joint force commander. Also called JMC. See also concept of 

operations. (JP 4-0) 

joint network operations control center — An element of the J-6 established to support a 

joint force commander. The joint network operations control center serves as the single 

control agency for the management and direction of the joint force communications 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

170 JP 1-02 

systems. The joint network operations control center may include plans and operations, 

administration, system control, and frequency management sections. Also called 

JNCC. (JP 6-0) 

joint operation planning — Planning activities associated with joint military operations by 

combatant commanders and their subordinate joint force commanders in response to 

contingencies and crises. See also execution planning; Joint Operation Planning 

and Execution System; joint operation planning process. (JP 5-0) 

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System — An Adaptive Planning and 

Execution system technology. Also called JOPES. See also joint operation 

planning; joint operations; level of detail. (JP 5-0) 

joint operation planning process — An orderly, analytical process that consists of a 

logical set of steps to analyze a mission, select the best course of action, and produce a 

joint operation plan or order. Also called JOPP. See also joint operation planning; 

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System. (JP 5-0) 

joint operations — A general term to describe military actions conducted by joint forces 

and those Service forces employed in specified command relationships with each other, 

which of themselves, do not establish joint forces. (JP 3-0) 

joint operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a geographic 

combatant commander or subordinate unified commander, in which a joint force 

commander (normally a joint task force commander) conducts military operations to 

accomplish a specific mission. Also called JOA. See also area of responsibility; 

joint special operations area. (JP 3-0) 

joint operations area forecast — The official baseline meteorological and oceanographic 

forecast for operational planning and mission execution within the joint operations area. 

Also called JOAF. (JP 3-59) 

joint operations center — A jointly manned facility of a joint force commander’s 

headquarters established for planning, monitoring, and guiding the execution of the 

commander’s decisions. Also called JOC. (JP 3-41) 

joint patient movement requirements center — A joint activity established to coordinate 

the joint patient movement requirements function for a joint task force operating within 

a unified command area of responsibility. Also called JPMRC. See also health 

service support; joint force surgeon; joint operations area; medical treatment 

facility. (JP 4-02) 

joint patient movement team — Teams comprised of personnel trained in medical 

regulating and movement procedures. Also called JPMT. (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 171 

joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting — A data repository 

developed and implemented by the Defense Manpower Data Center that consumes and 

reconciles data from existing Service deployment systems. Also called JPARR. 

 (JP 1-0)

joint personnel reception center — A center established in an operational area by the 

appropriate joint force commander with the responsibility for the in-processing and outprocessing of personnel upon their arrival in and departure from the theater. Also 

called JPRC. (JP 1-0) 

joint personnel recovery center — The primary joint force organization responsible for 

planning and coordinating personnel recovery for military operations within the 

assigned operational area. Also called JPRC. See also combat search and rescue; 

search and rescue. (JP 3-50) 

joint personnel recovery support product — The basic reference document for personnel 

recovery-specific information on a particular country or region of interest. Also called 

JPRSP. (JP 3-50) 

joint personnel training and tracking activity — The continental United States center 

established to facilitate the reception, accountability, processing, training, and onward 

movement of individual augmentees preparing for overseas movement to support a 

joint military operation. Also called JPTTA. (JP 1-0) 

joint planning and execution community — Those headquarters, commands, and 

agencies involved in the training, preparation, mobilization, deployment, employment, 

support, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization of military forces assigned or 

committed to a joint operation. Also called JPEC. (JP 5-0) 

joint planning group — A planning organization consisting of designated representatives 

of the joint force headquarters principal and special staff sections, joint force 

components (Service and/or functional), and other supporting organizations or agencies 

as deemed necessary by the joint force commander. Also called JPG. See also crisis 

action planning; joint operation planning. (JP 5-0) 

joint proponent — A Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate assigned 

coordinating authority to lead the collaborative development and integration of joint 

capability with specific responsibilities designated by the Secretary of Defense. 

(SecDef Memo 03748-09)

Joint Public Affairs Support Element — A deployable unit assigned to assist a joint force 

commander in developing and training public affairs forces in joint, interagency, and 

multinational environments. Also called JPASE. (JP 3-61)

joint publication — A compilation of agreed to fundamental principles, considerations, and 

guidance on a particular topic, approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that 

guides the employment of a joint force toward a common objective. Also called JP. See 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

172 JP 1-02 

also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction; Chairman of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff manual; joint doctrine; joint test publication. (CJCSI 5120.02) 

joint reception complex — The group of nodes (air and/or sea) designated by the supported 

combatant command, in coordination with the host nation and United States 

Transportation Command, that receives, processes, services, supports, and facilitates 

onward movement of personnel, equipment, materiel, and units deploying into, out of, 

or within a theater line of communications. See also group; node. (JP 3-35) 

joint reception coordination center — The organization, established by the Department of 

the Army as the designated Department of Defense executive agent for the repatriation 

of noncombatants, that ensures Department of Defense personnel and noncombatants 

receive adequate assistance and support for an orderly and expedient debarkation, 

movement to final destination in the United States, and appropriate follow-on 

assistance at the final destination. Also called JRCC. (JP 3-68) 

joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration — A phase of joint force 

projection occurring in the operational area. This phase comprises the essential 

processes required to transition arriving personnel, equipment, and materiel into forces 

capable of meeting operational requirements. Also called JRSOI. See also 

integration; joint force; reception; staging. (JP 3-35) 

joint restricted frequency list — A time and geographically oriented listing of TABOO, 

PROTECTED, and GUARDED functions, nets, and frequencies and limited to the 

minimum number of frequencies necessary for friendly forces to accomplish objectives. 

Also called JRFL. See also electronic warfare; guarded frequencies; protected 

frequencies; TABOO frequencies. (JP 3-13.1) 

joint security area — A specific surface area, designated by the joint force commander to 

facilitate protection of joint bases and their connecting lines of communications that 

support joint operations. Also called JSA. (JP 3-10) 

joint security coordination center — A joint operations center tailored to assist the joint 

security coordinator in meeting the security requirements in the joint operational area. 

Also called JSCC. (JP 3-10) 

joint security coordinator — The officer with responsibility for coordinating the overall 

security of the operational area in accordance with joint force commander directives 

and priorities. Also called JSC. (JP 3-10) 

joint servicing — That function performed by a jointly staffed and financed activity in 

support of two or more Services. See also servicing. (JP 3-05) 

joint special operations air component commander — The commander within a joint 

force special operations command responsible for planning and executing joint special 

operations air activities. Also called JSOACC. (JP 3-05) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 173 

joint special operations area — An area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a joint force 

commander to the commander of a joint special operations force to conduct special 

operations activities. Also called JSOA. (JP 3-0) 

joint special operations task force — A joint task force composed of special operations 

units from more than one Service, formed to carry out a specific special operation or 

prosecute special operations in support of a theater campaign or other operations. Also 

called JSOTF. (JP 3-05) 

joint staff — 1. The staff of a commander of a unified or specified command, subordinate 

unified command, joint task force, or subordinate functional component (when a 

functional component command will employ forces from more than one Military 

Department), that includes members from the several Services comprising the force. 

These members should be assigned in such a manner as to ensure that the commander 

understands the tactics, techniques, capabilities, needs, and limitations of the 

component parts of the force. Positions on the staff should be divided so that Service 

representation and influence generally reflect the Service composition of the force. 2. 

(capitalized as Joint Staff) The staff under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as 

provided for in Title 10, United States Code, Section 155. The Joint Staff assists the 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and, subject to the authority, direction, and 

control of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the other members of the Joint 

Chiefs of Staff in carrying out their responsibilities. Also called JS. (JP 1) 

Joint Staff doctrine sponsor — A Joint Staff directorate assigned to coordinate a specific 

joint doctrine project with the Joint Staff. Also called JSDS. See also joint doctrine. 

(CJCSM 5120.01) 

Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan — A plan that provides guidance to the combatant 

commanders and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to accomplish tasks and missions based on 

current military capabilities. Also called JSCP. See also combatant commander; 

joint. (JP 5-0) 

joint strategic exploitation center — Theater-level physical location for an exploitation 

facility that functions under the direction of the joint force commander and is used to 

hold detainees with potential long-term strategic intelligence value, deemed to be of 

interest to counterintelligence or criminal investigators, or who may be a significant 

threat to the United States, its citizens or interests, or US allies. Also called JSEC. 

 (JP 2-01.2) 

Joint Strategic Planning System — One of the primary means by which the Chairman of 

the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of 

Staff and the combatant commanders, carries out the statutory responsibilities to assist 

the President and Secretary of Defense in providing strategic direction to the Armed 

Forces. Also called JSPS. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

174 JP 1-02 

joint table of distribution — A manpower document that identifies the positions and 

enumerates the spaces that have been approved for each organizational element of a 

joint activity for a specific fiscal year (authorization year), and those accepted for the 

four subsequent fiscal years (program years). Also called JTD. See also joint 

manpower program. (JP 1-0) 

joint targeting coordination board — A group formed by the joint force commander to 

accomplish broad targeting oversight functions that may include but are not limited to 

coordinating targeting information, providing targeting guidance and priorities, and 

refining the joint integrated prioritized target list. The board is normally comprised of 

representatives from the joint force staff, all components, and if required, component 

subordinate units. Also called JTCB. See also joint integrated prioritized target 

list; targeting. (JP 3-60) 

joint targeting steering group — A group formed by a combatant commander to assist in 

developing targeting guidance and reconciling competing requests for assets from 

multiple joint task forces. Also called JTSG. See also group; joint; targeting. 

 (JP 3-60) 

joint target list — A consolidated list of selected targets, upon which there are no 

restrictions placed, considered to have military significance in the joint force 

commander’s operational area. Also called JTL. See also joint; target. (JP 3-60) 

joint task force — A joint force that is constituted and so designated by the Secretary of 

Defense, a combatant commander, a subunified commander, or an existing joint task 

force commander. Also called JTF. (JP 1) 

Joint Task Force-Civil Support — A standing joint task force established to plan and 

integrate Department of Defense support to the designated lead federal agency for 

domestic chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosives 

consequence management operations. Also called JTF-CS. (JP 3-41) 

Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectiveness — A Joint Staff-level 

organization tasked to produce generic target vulnerability and weaponeering studies. 

The special operations working group is a subordinate organization specializing in 

studies for special operations. Also called JTCG-ME. (JP 3-05.1) 

joint terminal attack controller — A qualified (certified) Service member who, from a 

forward position, directs the action of combat aircraft engaged in close air support and 

other offensive air operations. A qualified and current joint terminal attack controller 

will be recognized across the Department of Defense as capable and authorized to 

perform terminal attack control. Also called JTAC. See also terminal attack control. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

joint test publication — A proposed publication produced for field-testing an emergent 

concept that has been validated through the Joint Experimentation Program or a similar 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 175 

joint process. Also called JTP. See also Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

instruction; joint doctrine; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

joint total asset visibility — The capability designed to consolidate source data from a 

variety of joint and Service automated information systems to provide joint force 

commanders with visibility over assets in-storage, in-process, and in-transit. Also 

called JTAV. (JP 3-35) 

Joint Transportation Board — Responsible to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 

the Joint Transportation Board assures that common-user transportation resources 

assigned or available to the Department of Defense are allocated as to achieve 

maximum benefit in meeting Department of Defense objectives. Also called JTB. See 

also common-user transportation. (JP 4-01.2) 

joint urban operations — Joint operations across the range of military operations planned 

and conducted on, or against objectives on a topographical complex and its adjacent 

natural terrain, where man-made construction or the density of population are the 

dominant features. Also called JUOs. See also joint operations. (JP 3-06) 

Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System — The sensitive, compartmented 

information portion of the Defense Information Systems Network. It incorporates 

advanced networking technologies that permit point-to-point or multipoint information 

exchange involving voice, text, graphics, data, and video teleconferencing. Also called

JWICS. (JP 2-0) 

judge advocate — An officer of the Judge Advocate General’s Corps of the Army, Air 

Force, Marine Corps, Navy, and the United States Coast Guard who is designated as a 

judge advocate. Also called JA. (JP 1-04) 

jumpmaster — The assigned airborne qualified individual who controls paratroops from 

the time they enter the aircraft until they exit. See also stick commander (air 

transport). (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

176 JP 1-02 

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As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

K 

JP 1-02 177 

key doctrine element — A foundational core concept, principle, or idea of joint operations 

as established in approved joint doctrine text; other information in joint doctrine 

expands on or supports these foundational doctrine elements. Also called KDE. 

(CJCSM 5120.01) 

key employee — Any Reservist identified by his or her employer, private or public, as 

filling a key position. 

key facilities list — A register of selected command installations and industrial facilities of 

primary importance to the support of military operations or military production 

programs. It is prepared under the policy direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 

key position — A civilian position, public or private (designated by the employer and 

approved by the Secretary concerned), that cannot be vacated during war or national 

emergency. (JP 1-0) 

keystone publications — Joint doctrine publications that establish the doctrinal foundation 

for a series of joint publications in the hierarchy of joint publications. See also 

capstone publications; joint publication. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

key terrain — Any locality, or area, the seizure or retention of which affords a marked 

advantage to either combatant. (JP 2-01.3) 

kill box — A three-dimensional area used to facilitate the integration of joint fires. 

(JP 3-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

178 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

L 

JP 1-02 179 

land control operations — The employment of land forces, supported by maritime and air 

forces (as appropriate) to control vital areas of the land domain. Such operations are 

conducted to establish local military superiority in land operational areas. See also sea 

control operations. (JP 3-31) 

land forces — Personnel, weapon systems, vehicles, and support elements operating on 

land to accomplish assigned missions and tasks. (JP 3-31) 

landing aid — Any illuminating light, radio beacon, radar device, communicating device, 

or any system of such devices for aiding aircraft in an approach and landing. (JP 3-04) 

landing area — 1. That part of the operational area within which are conducted the landing 

operations of an amphibious force. It includes the beach, the approaches to the beach, 

the transport areas, the fire support areas, the airspace above it, and the land included in 

the advance inland to the initial objective. 2. (Airborne) The general area used for 

landing troops and materiel either by airdrop or air landing. This area includes one or 

more drop zones or landing strips. 3. Any specially prepared or selected surface of 

land, water, or deck designated or used for takeoff and landing of aircraft. See also 

airfield; amphibious force; landing beach; landing force. (JP 3-02) 

landing area diagram — A graphic means of showing, for amphibious operations, the 

beach designations, boat lanes, organization of the line of departure, scheduled waves, 

landing ship area, transport areas, and the fire support areas in the immediate vicinity of 

the boat lanes. (JP 3-02) 

landing beach — That portion of a shoreline usually required for the landing of a battalion 

landing team. However, it may also be that portion of a shoreline constituting a tactical 

locality (such as the shore of a bay) over which a force larger or smaller than a battalion 

landing team may be landed. (JP 3-02) 

landing craft — A craft employed in amphibious operations, specifically designed for 

carrying troops and their equipment and for beaching, unloading, and retracting. It is 

also used for resupply operations. (JP 3-02) 

landing craft and amphibious vehicle assignment table — A table showing the 

assignment of personnel and materiel to each landing craft and amphibious vehicle and 

the assignment of the landing craft and amphibious vehicles to waves for the ship-toshore movement. (JP 3-02) 

landing craft availability table — A tabulation of the type and number of landing craft that 

will be available from each ship of the transport group. The table is the basis for the 

assignment of landing craft to the boat groups for the ship-to-shore movement. 

(JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

180 JP 1-02 

landing diagram — A graphic means of illustrating the plan for the ship-to-shore 

movement. (JP 3-02) 

landing force — A Marine Corps or Army task organization formed to conduct amphibious 

operations. The landing force, together with the amphibious task force and other 

forces, constitute the amphibious force. Also called LF. See also amphibious force; 

amphibious operation; amphibious task force; task organization. (JP 3-02) 

landing force operational reserve material — Package of contingency supplies prepositioned and maintained onboard selected amphibious ships to enhance reaction time 

and provide support for the embarked landing force in contingencies. Also called 

LFORM. (JP 3-02.1) 

landing force support party — A temporary landing force organization composed of Navy 

and landing force elements, that facilitates the ship-to-shore movement and provides 

initial combat support and combat service support to the landing force. The landing 

force support party is brought into existence by a formal activation order issued by the 

commander, landing force. Also called LFSP. See also combat service support; 

combat support; landing force; ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) 

landing group — In amphibious operations, a subordinate task organization of the landing 

force capable of conducting landing operations, under a single tactical command, 

against a position or group of positions. (JP 3-02) 

landing group commander — In amphibious operations, the officer designated by the 

commander, landing force as the single tactical commander of a subordinate task 

organization capable of conducting landing operations against a position or group of 

positions. See also amphibious operation; commander, landing force. (JP 3-02) 

landing plan — In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually 

prepared naval and landing force documents that, taken together, present in detail all 

instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) 

landing sequence table — A document that incorporates the detailed plans for ship-toshore movement of nonscheduled units. (JP 3-02) 

landing ship — An assault ship which is designed for long sea voyages and for rapid 

unloading over and on to a beach. (JP 3-02) 

landing signalman enlisted — Enlisted man responsible for ensuring that helicopters, on 

signal, are safely started, engaged, launched, recovered, and shut down. Also called 

LSE. (JP 3-04)

landing signals officer — Officer responsible for the visual control of aircraft in the 

terminal phase of the approach immediately prior to landing. Also called LSO. See 

also terminal phase. (JP 3-04) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 181 

landing site — 1. A site within a landing zone containing one or more landing points. See 

also airfield. 2. In amphibious operations, a continuous segment of coastline over 

which troops, equipment and supplies can be landed by surface means. (JP 3-02) 

landing zone — Any specified zone used for the landing of aircraft. Also called LZ. See 

also airfield. (JP 3-17) 

laser guided weapon — A weapon which uses a seeker to detect laser energy reflected 

from a laser marked/designated target and through signal processing provides guidance 

commands to a control system which guides the weapon to the point from which the 

laser energy is being reflected. Also called LGW. (JP 3-09) 

laser illuminator — A device for enhancing the illumination in a zone of action by 

irradiating with a laser beam. 

laser intelligence — Technical and geo-location intelligence derived from laser systems; a 

subcategory of electro-optical intelligence. Also called LASINT. See also electrooptical intelligence; intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

laser rangefinder — A device which uses laser energy for determining the distance from 

the device to a place or object. (JP 3-09) 

laser seeker — A device based on a direction sensitive receiver which detects the energy 

reflected from a laser designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to 

the receiver. See also laser guided weapon. (JP 3-09) 

laser spot — The area on a surface illuminated by a laser. See also spot. (JP 3-09) 

laser spot tracker — A device that locks on to the reflected energy from a laser-marked or 

designated target and defines the direction of the target relative to itself. Also called 

LST. (JP 3-09) 

laser target designator — A device that emits a beam of laser energy which is used to 

mark a specific place or object. Also called LTD. See also target. (JP 3-09) 

laser-target line — An imaginary straight line from the laser designator to the target with 

respect to magnetic north. See also laser target designator; target. 

latest arrival date — A day, relative to C-Day, that is specified by the supported 

combatant commander as the latest date when a unit, a resupply shipment, or 

replacement personnel can arrive at the port of debarkation and support the concept of 

operations. Also called LAD. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

182 JP 1-02 

laundering — In counterdrug operations, the process of transforming drug money into a 

more manageable form while concealing its illicit origin. Foreign bank accounts and 

dummy corporations are used as shelters. See also counterdrug operations. 

 (JP 3-07.4) 

law enforcement agency — Any of a number of agencies (outside the Department of 

Defense) chartered and empowered to enforce US laws in the following jurisdictions: 

The United States, a state (or political subdivision) of the United States, a territory (or 

political subdivision) of the United States, a federally recognized Native American tribe 

or Alaskan Native Village, or within the borders of a host nation. Also called LEA. 

(JP 3-28) 

law of armed conflict — See law of war. (JP 1-04) 

law of war — That part of international law that regulates the conduct of armed hostilities. 

Also called the law of armed conflict. See also rules of engagement. (JP 1-04) 

lay — 1. Direct or adjust the aim of a weapon. 2. Setting of a weapon for a given range, a 

given direction, or both. 3. To drop one or more aerial bombs or aerial mines onto the 

surface from an aircraft. 4. To spread a smoke screen on the ground from an aircraft. 

5. To calculate or project a course. 6. To lay on: a. to execute a bomber strike; b. to set 

up a mission. 

lead — In intelligence usage, a person with potential for exploitation, warranting additional 

assessment, contact, and/or development. (JP 2-01.2) 

lead agency — The US Government agency designed to coordinate the interagency 

oversight of the day-to-day conduct of an ongoing operation. (JP 3-08) 

lead agent — 1. An individual Service, combatant command, or Joint Staff directorate 

assigned to develop and maintain a joint publication. (CJCSI 5120.02) 2. In medical 

materiel management, the designated unit or organization to coordinate or execute dayto-day conduct of an ongoing operation or function. Also called LA. (JP 4-02) 

lead aircraft — 1. The airborne aircraft designated to exercise command of other aircraft 

within the flight. 2. An aircraft in the van of two or more aircraft. 

lead federal agency — The federal agency that leads and coordinates the overall federal 

response to an emergency. Also called LFA. (JP 3-41) 

lead nation — One nation assumes the responsibility for procuring and providing a broad 

spectrum of logistic support for all or a part of the multinational force and/or 

headquarters. Compensation and/or reimbursement will then be subject to agreements 

between the parties involved. The lead nation may also assume the responsibility to 

coordinate logistics of the other nations within its functional and regional area of 

responsibility. See also logistic support; multinational force. (JP 4-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 183 

lead Service or agency for common-user logistics — A Service component or Department 

of Defense agency that is responsible for execution of common-user item or service 

support in a specific combatant command or multinational operation as defined in the 

combatant or subordinate joint force commander’s operation plan, operation order, 

and/or directives. See also common-user logistics. (JP 4-07) 

letter of assist — A contractual document issued by the United Nations to a government 

authorizing it to provide goods or services to a peacekeeping operation. Also called 

LOA. See also peacekeeping. (JP 1-06) 

letter of authorization — A document issued by the procuring contracting officer or 

designee that authorizes contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force to 

travel to, from, and within the operational area; and, outlines government furnished 

support authorizations within the operational area. Also called LOA. (JP 4-10)

letter of offer and acceptance — Standard Department of Defense form on which the US 

Government documents its offer to transfer to a foreign government or international 

organization US defense articles and services via foreign military sales pursuant to the 

Arms Export Control Act. Also called LOA. See also foreign military sales. 

 (JP 4-08) 

level of detail — Within the current joint planning and execution system, movement 

characteristics for both personnel and cargo are described at six distinct levels of detail. 

Levels I, V, and VI describe personnel and Levels I through IV and VI for cargo. 

Levels I through IV are coded and visible in the Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System automated data processing. Levels V and VI are used by Joint 

Operation Planning and Execution System automated data processing feeder systems. 

a. level I - personnel: expressed as total number of passengers by unit line number. 

Cargo: expressed in total short tons, total measurement tons, total square feet, and total 

thousands of barrels by unit line number. Petroleum, oils, and lubricants is expressed 

by thousands of barrels by unit line number. b. level II - cargo: expressed by short tons 

and measurement tons of bulk, oversize, outsize, and non-air transportable cargo by 

unit line number. Also square feet for vehicles and non self-deployable aircraft and 

boats by unit line number. c. level III - cargo: detail by cargo category code expressed 

as short tons and measurement tons as well as square feet associated to that cargo 

category code for an individual unit line number. d. level IV - cargo: detail for 

individual dimensional data expressed in length, width, and height in number of inches, 

and weight/volume in short tons/measurement tons, along with a cargo description. 

Each cargo item is associated with a cargo category code and a unit line number). e. 

level V - personnel: any general summarization/aggregation of level VI detail in 

distribution and deployment. f. level VI - personnel: detail expressed by name, 

Service, military occupational specialty and unique identification number. Cargo: 

detail expressed by association to a transportation control number or single tracking 

number or item of equipment to include federal stock number/national stock number 

and/or requisition number. Nested cargo, cargo that is contained within another 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

184 JP 1-02 

equipment item, may similarly be identified. Also called JOPES level of detail. 

(CJCSM 3122.01A) 

leverage — In the context of joint operation planning, a relative advantage in combat power 

and/or other circumstances against the adversary across one or more domains or the 

information environment sufficient to exploit that advantage. See also operational art; 

operational design. (JP 5-0) 

L-hour — The specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation commences or is to 

commence. (JP 5-0) 

liaison — That contact or intercommunication maintained between elements of military 

forces or other agencies to ensure mutual understanding and unity of purpose and 

action. (JP 3-08) 

life cycle — The total phases through which an item passes from the time it is initially 

developed until the time it is either consumed in use or disposed of as being excess to 

all known materiel requirements. (JP 4-02) 

lighterage — The process in which small craft are used to transport cargo or personnel from 

ship to shore. Lighterage may be performed using amphibians, landing craft, discharge 

lighters, causeways, and barges. (JP 4-01.6) 

lightweight amphibious container handler — A United States Marine Corps piece of 

equipment usually maneuvered by a bulldozer and used to retrieve 20-foot equivalent 

containers from landing craft in the surf and place them on flatbed truck trailers. See 

also container. (JP 4-01.6) 

limiting factor — A factor or condition that, either temporarily or permanently, impedes 

mission accomplishment. (JP 5-0) 

line of communications — A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an 

operating military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and 

military forces move. Also called LOC. (JP 2-01.3) 

line of demarcation — A line defining the boundary of a buffer zone used to establish the 

forward limits of disputing or belligerent forces after each phase of disengagement or 

withdrawal has been completed. See also buffer zone; disengagement; peace 

operations. (JP 3-07.3) 

line of departure — 1. In land warfare, a line designated to coordinate the departure of 

attack elements. Also called LD. (JP 3-31) 2. In amphibious warfare, a suitably 

marked offshore coordinating line to assist assault craft to land on designated beaches 

at scheduled times the seaward end of a boat lane. Also called LOD. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 185 

line of effort — In the context of joint operation planning, using the purpose (cause and 

effect) to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions by 

linking multiple tasks and missions. Also called LOE. (JP 5-0) 

line of operation — A line that defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in 

relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in 

time and space to an objective(s). Also called LOO. (JP 5-0) 

link — 1. A behavioral, physical, or functional relationship between nodes. 2. In 

communications, a general term used to indicate the existence of communications 

facilities between two points. 3. A maritime route, other than a coastal or transit route, 

which links any two or more routes. See also node. (JP 3-0) 

link encryption — The application of online crypto-operation to a link of a 

communications system so that all information passing over the link is encrypted in its 

entirety. 

listening watch — A continuous receiver watch established for the reception of traffic 

addressed to, or of interest to, the unit maintaining the watch, with complete log 

optional. (JP 3-50) 

littoral — The littoral comprises two segments of operational environment: 1. Seaward: the 

area from the open ocean to the shore, which must be controlled to support operations 

ashore. 2. Landward: the area inland from the shore that can be supported and 

defended directly from the sea. (JP 2-01.3) 

loading plan — All of the individually prepared documents which, taken together, present 

in detail all instructions for the arrangement of personnel, and the loading of equipment 

for one or more units or other special grouping of personnel or material moving by 

highway, water, rail, or air transportation. (JP 3-02.1) 

loadmaster — An Air Force technician qualified to plan loads, to operate auxiliary 

materials handling equipment, and to supervise loading and unloading of aircraft. 

(JP 3-17) 

load signal — In personnel recovery, a visual signal displayed in a covert manner to 

indicate the presence of an individual or object at a given location. See also evasion; 

recovery operations. (JP 3-50) 

local procurement — The process of obtaining personnel, services, supplies, and 

equipment from local or indigenous sources. 

local purchase — The function of acquiring a decentralized item of supply from sources 

outside the Department of Defense. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

186 JP 1-02 

locate — In personnel recovery, the task where actions are taken to precisely find and 

authenticate the identity of isolated personnel. (JP 3-50) 

lodgment — A designated area in a hostile or potentially hostile operational area that, when 

seized and held, makes the continuous landing of troops and materiel possible and 

provides maneuver space for subsequent operations. (JP 3-18) 

lodgment area — See airhead, Part 1; beachhead.

loft bombing — A method of bombing in which the delivery plane approaches the target at 

a very low altitude, makes a definite pullup at a given point, releases the bomb at a 

predetermined point during the pullup, and tosses the bomb onto the target. See also

toss bombing. 

logistic assessment — An evaluation of: a. the logistic support required to support 

particular military operations in a theater, country, or area; and b. the actual and/or 

potential logistic support available for the conduct of military operations either within 

the theater, country, or area, or located elsewhere. (JP 4-08) 

logistic estimate of the situation — An appraisal resulting from an orderly examination of 

the logistic factors influencing contemplated courses of action in order to provide 

conclusions concerning the degree and manner of that influence. (JP 4-08) 

logistic marking and reading symbology — A system designed to improve the flow of 

cargo through the seaport of embarkation and debarkation using bar code technology. 

See also logistics. (JP 4-01.6) 

logistics — Planning and executing the movement and support of forces. It includes those 

aspects of military operations that deal with: a. design and development, acquisition, 

storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and disposition of materiel; 

b. movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; c. acquisition or 

construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; and d. acquisition or 

furnishing of services. (JP 4-0) 

logistics over-the-shore operation area — That geographic area required to conduct a 

logistics over-the-shore operation. Also called LOA. See also logistics over-theshore operations. (JP 4-01.6) 

logistics over-the-shore operations — The loading and unloading of ships without the 

benefit of deep draft-capable, fixed port facilities; or as a means of moving forces 

closer to tactical assembly areas dependent on threat force capabilities. Also called 

LOTS operations. See also joint logistics over-the-shore operations. (JP 4-01.6) 

logistic sourcing — The identification of the origin and determination of the availability of 

the time-phased force and deployment data nonunit logistic requirements. (JP 4-08) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 187 

logistic support — Support that encompasses the logistic services, materiel, and 

transportation required to support the continental United States-based and worldwide 

deployed forces. (JP 4-0) 

lot — Specifically, a quantity of material all of which was manufactured under identical 

conditions and assigned an identifying lot number. 

low-altitude missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined 

dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests 

with low- to medium-altitude surface-to-air missiles. Also called LOMEZ. (JP 3-01) 

low level flight — See terrain flight.

low-level transit route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions established in the 

forward area to minimize the risk to friendly aircraft from friendly air defenses or 

surface forces. Also called LLTR. (JP 3-52) 

low velocity drop — A drop procedure in which the drop velocity does not exceed 30 feet 

per second. (JP 3-17) 

low visibility operations — Sensitive operations wherein the political-military restrictions 

inherent in covert and clandestine operations are either not necessary or not feasible; 

actions are taken as required to limit exposure of those involved and/or their activities. 

Execution of these operations is undertaken with the knowledge that the action and/or 

sponsorship of the operation may preclude plausible denial by the initiating power. 

(JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

188 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

M 

JP 1-02 189 

magnetic mine — A mine that responds to the magnetic field of a target. (JP 3-15) 

mail embargo — A temporary shutdown or redirection of mail flow to or from a specific 

location. (JP 1-0) 

main deck — The highest deck running the full length of a vessel (except for an aircraft 

carrier’s hanger deck). See also watercraft. (JP 4-01.6) 

main operating base — A facility outside the United States and US territories with 

permanently stationed operating forces and robust infrastructure. Main operating bases 

are characterized by command and control structures, enduring family support 

facilities, and strengthened force protection measures. Also called MOB. See also 

cooperative security location; forward operating site. (CJCS CM-0007-05)

main operations base — In special operations, a base established by a joint force special 

operations component commander or a subordinate special operations component 

commander in friendly territory to provide sustained command and control, 

administration, and logistic support to special operations activities in designated areas. 

Also called MOB. See also advanced operations base; forward operations base. 

(JP 3-05.1) 

main supply route — The route or routes designated within an operational area upon which 

the bulk of traffic flows in support of military operations. Also called MSR. 

 (JP 4-01.5) 

maintenance (materiel) — 1. All action taken to retain materiel in a serviceable condition 

or to restore it to serviceability. It includes inspection, testing, servicing, classification 

as to serviceability, repair, rebuilding, and reclamation. 2. All supply and repair action 

taken to keep a force in condition to carry out its mission. 3. The routine recurring 

work required to keep a facility (plant, building, structure, ground facility, utility 

system, or other real property) in such condition that it may be continuously used at its 

original or designed capacity and efficiency for its intended purpose. 

maintenance status — 1. A nonoperating condition, deliberately imposed, with adequate 

personnel to maintain and preserve installations, materiel, and facilities in such a 

condition that they may be readily restored to operable condition in a minimum time by 

the assignment of additional personnel and without extensive repair or overhaul. 2. 

That condition of materiel that is in fact, or is administratively classified as, 

unserviceable, pending completion of required servicing or repairs. 3. A condition of 

materiel readiness that reports the level of operational readiness for a piece of 

equipment. 

major disaster — See domestic emergencies.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

190 JP 1-02 

major force — A military organization comprised of major combat elements and associated 

combat support, combat service support, and sustainment increments. (JP 5-0) 

major operation — 1. A series of tactical actions (battles, engagements, strikes) conducted 

by combat forces of a single or several Services, coordinated in time and place, to 

achieve strategic or operational objectives in an operational area. 2. For noncombat 

operations, a reference to the relative size and scope of a military operation. See also 

operation. (JP 3-0) 

maneuver — 1. A movement to place ships, aircraft, or land forces in a position of 

advantage over the enemy. 2. A tactical exercise carried out at sea, in the air, on the 

ground, or on a map in imitation of war. 3. The operation of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, 

to cause it to perform desired movements. 4. Employment of forces in the operational 

area through movement in combination with fires to achieve a position of advantage in 

respect to the enemy. See also mission; operation. (JP 3-0) 

maneuverable reentry vehicle — A reentry vehicle capable of performing preplanned 

flight maneuvers during the reentry phase. See also multiple independently 

targetable reentry vehicle; multiple reentry vehicle. (JP 3-14) 

manpower management — The means of manpower control to ensure the most efficient 

and economical use of available manpower. (JP 1-0)

manpower requirements — Human resources needed to accomplish specified work loads 

of organizations. (JP 1-0) 

Marine air command and control system — A system that provides the aviation combat 

element commander with the means to command, coordinate, and control all air 

operations within an assigned sector and to coordinate air operations with other 

Services. It is composed of command and control agencies with communicationselectronics equipment that incorporates a capability from manual through 

semiautomatic control. Also called MACCS. See also direct air support center; 

tactical air operations center. (JP 3-09.3) 

Marine Corps special operations forces — Those Active Component Marine Corps forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called MARSOF. 

 (JP 3-05.1) 

marine environment — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, and other major water bodies, 

including their surface interface and interaction, with the atmosphere and with the land 

seaward of the mean high water mark. 

Marine expeditionary brigade — A Marine air-ground task force that is constructed 

around a reinforced infantry regiment, a composite Marine aircraft group, and a combat 

logistics regiment. The Marine expeditionary brigade, commanded by a general 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 191 

officer, is task-organized to meet the requirements of a specific situation. It can 

function as part of a joint task force, as the lead echelon of the Marine expeditionary 

force, or alone. It varies in size and composition, and is larger than a Marine 

expeditionary unit but smaller than a Marine expeditionary force. The Marine 

expeditionary brigade is capable of conducting missions across the full range of 

military operations. Also called MEB. (JP 3-18) 

Maritime Administration — The Maritime Administration is the agency within the United 

States Department of Transportation dealing with waterborne transportation. Also 

called MARAD. (JP 4-01.2) 

Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force — The Maritime Administration 

(MARAD) Ready Reserve Force is composed of 68 surge sealift assets owned and 

operated by the US Department of Transportation/MARAD and crewed by civilian 

mariners. In time of contingency or exercises, the ships are placed under the 

operational command of the Military Sealift Command. See also National Defense 

Reserve Fleet. (JP 4-01.6) 

maritime control area — An area generally similar to a defensive sea area in purpose 

except that it may be established any place on the high seas. Maritime control areas are 

normally established only in time of war. See also defensive sea area.

maritime domain — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the 

airspace above these, including the littorals. (JP 3-32) 

maritime domain awareness — The effective understanding of anything associated with 

the maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment of 

a nation. (JP 3-32) 

maritime environment — The complex union and interaction between oceans, seas, bays, 

estuaries, and other major water bodies, with the atmosphere and land seaward of the 

mean high water mark. (JP 3-59)

maritime forces — Forces that operate on, under, or above the sea to gain or exploit 

command of the sea, sea control, or sea denial and/or to project power from the sea. 

(JP 3-32) 

maritime interception operations — Efforts to monitor, query, and board merchant 

vessels in international waters to enforce sanctions against other nations such as those 

in support of United Nations Security Council Resolutions and/or prevent the transport 

of restricted goods. Also called MIO. (JP 3-03) 

maritime power projection — Power projection in and from the maritime environment, 

including a broad spectrum of offensive military operations to destroy enemy forces or 

logistic support or to prevent enemy forces from approaching within enemy weapons’ 

range of friendly forces. Maritime power projection may be accomplished by 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

192 JP 1-02 

amphibious assault operations, attack of targets ashore, or support of sea control 

operations. (JP 3-32) 

maritime pre-positioning force operation — A rapid deployment and assembly of a 

Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of intertheater airlift 

and forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. See also maritime prepositioning ships. (JP 4-01.6) 

maritime pre-positioning ships — Civilian-crewed, Military Sealift Command-chartered 

ships that are organized into three squadrons and are usually forward-deployed. These 

ships are loaded with pre-positioned equipment and 30 days of supplies to support three 

Marine expeditionary brigades. Also called MPSs. See also Navy cargo handling 

battalion. (JP 3-02.1) 

Maritime Security Program — A program authorized in the Maritime Security Act of 

2003 requiring the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Secretary of 

Defense, to establish a fleet of active, commercially viable, militarily useful, privatelyowned vessels to meet national defense and other security requirements. Also called 

MSP. (JP 4-01.2)

maritime superiority — That degree of dominance of one force over another that permits 

the conduct of maritime operations by the former and its related land, maritime, and air 

forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force. 

(JP 3-32) 

maritime supremacy — That degree of maritime superiority wherein the opposing force is 

incapable of effective interference. (JP 3-32)

maritime terminal — A facility for berthing ships simultaneously at piers, quays, and/or 

working anchorages. Also known as a water terminal. (JP 4-01.5) 

marking — To maintain contact on a target from such a position that the marking unit has 

an immediate offensive capability. (JP 3-09.3) 

marshalling — 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne 

operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the 

vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for 

loading. 2. The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or 

equipment, especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement. See also 

staging area. (JP 3-17)

marshalling area — A location in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned 

equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and 

accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, 

and prepared for onward movement. The joint complex commander designating the 

location will coordinate the use of the facilities with other allied commands and the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 193 

host nation, and will provide life support to the units while in the marshalling area. See 

also marshalling. (JP 3-35) 

mass atrocity response operations — Military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass 

atrocities. Also called MARO. (JP 3-07.3) 

mass casualty — Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of 

time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, 

hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack that exceeds local logistic support 

capabilities. Also called MASCAL. See also casualty. (JP4-02) 

massed fire — 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single 

target. 2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area. 

(JP 3-02)

master — The commanding officer of a United States naval ship, a commercial ship, or a 

government-owned general agency agreement ship operated for the Military Sealift 

Command by a civilian company to transport Department of Defense cargo. Also 

called MA. (JP 3-02.1) 

master air attack plan — A plan that contains key information that forms the foundation 

of the joint air tasking order. Sometimes referred to as the air employment plan or joint 

air tasking order shell. Information that may be found in the plan includes joint force 

commander guidance, joint force air component commander guidance, support plans, 

component requests, target update requests, availability of capabilities and forces, target 

information from target lists, aircraft allocation, etc. Also called MAAP. See also

target. (JP 3-60) 

materials handling equipment — Mechanical devices for handling of supplies with greater 

ease and economy. Also called MHE. (JP 3-35) 

materiel — All items (including ships, tanks, self-propelled weapons, aircraft, etc., and 

related spares, repair parts, and support equipment, but excluding real property, 

installations, and utilities) necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military 

activities without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. 

See also equipment; personal property. (JP 4-0) 

materiel control — See inventory control.

materiel inventory objective — The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on 

order on M-day in order to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain the approved 

US force structure (active and reserve) and those Allied forces designated for US 

materiel support, through the period prescribed for war materiel planning purposes. It 

is the quantity by which the war materiel requirement exceeds the war materiel 

procurement capability and the war materiel requirement adjustment. It includes the 

M-day force materiel requirement and the war reserve materiel requirement. (JP 4-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

194 JP 1-02 

materiel management — See inventory control.

materiel planning — A subset of logistic planning consisting of a four-step process. a. 

requirements definition. Requirements for significant items must be calculated at 

item level detail (i.e., National Stock Number) to support sustainability planning and 

analysis. Requirements include unit roundout, consumption and attrition replacement, 

safety stock, and the needs of allies. b. apportionment. Items are apportioned to the 

combatant commanders based on a global scenario to avoid sourcing of items to 

multiple theaters. The basis for apportionment is the capability provided by unit stocks, 

host-nation support, theater pre-positioned war reserve stocks and industrial base, and 

continental United States Department of Defense stockpiles and available production. 

Item apportionment cannot exceed total capabilities. c. sourcing. Sourcing is the 

matching of available capabilities on a given date against item requirements to support 

sustainability analysis and the identification of locations to support transportation 

planning. Sourcing of any item is done within the combatant commander’s 

apportionment. d. documentation. Sourced item requirements and corresponding 

shortfalls are major inputs to the combatant commander’s sustainability analysis. 

Sourced item requirements are translated into movement requirements and documented 

in the Joint Operation Planning and Execution System database for transportation 

feasibility analysis. Movement requirements for nonsignificant items are estimated in 

tonnage. 

materiel readiness — The availability of materiel required by a military organization to 

support its wartime activities or contingencies, disaster relief (flood, earthquake, etc.), 

or other emergencies. (JP 4-03) 

materiel release order — An order issued by an accountable supply system manager 

(usually an inventory control point or accountable depot or stock point) directing a nonaccountable activity (usually a storage site or materiel drop point) within the same 

supply distribution complex to release and ship materiel. Also called MRO. (JP 4-09) 

materiel requirements — Those quantities of items of equipment and supplies necessary to 

equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain a Service, formation, organization, or 

unit in the fulfillment of its purposes or tasks during a specified period. (JP 4-09) 

maximum effective range — The maximum distance at which a weapon may be expected 

to be accurate and achieve the desired effect. 

maximum ordinate — (*) In artillery and naval gunfire support, the height of the highest 

point in the trajectory of a projectile above the horizontal plane passing through its 

origin. Also called vertex height.

M-day — See times. (JP 4-06) 

mean point of burst — See mean point of impact.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 195 

mean point of impact — (*) The point whose coordinates are the arithmetic means of the 

coordinates of the separate points of impact/burst of a finite number of projectiles fired 

or released at the same aiming point under a given set of conditions. 

means of transport — See mode of transport.

measurement and signature intelligence — Intelligence obtained by quantitative and 

qualitative analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, 

modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from specific technical sensors for the 

purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the emitter or sender, and 

to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same. The detected 

feature may be either reflected or emitted. Also called MASINT. See also 

intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

Measurement and Signature Intelligence Requirements System — A system for the 

management of theater and national measurement and signature intelligence collection 

requirements, providing automated tools for users in support of submission, review, 

and validation of measurement and signature intelligence nominations of requirements 

to be tasked for national and Department of Defense measurement and signature 

intelligence collection, production, and exploitation resources. Also called MRS. See 

also measurement and signature intelligence. (JP 2-01) 

measurement ton — The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with 

surface-delivered cargo equal to the total cubic feet divided by 40. Also called MTON. 

(JP 4-01.5) 

measure of effectiveness — A criterion used to assess changes in system behavior, 

capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end 

state, achievement of an objective, or creation of an effect. Also called MOE. See also 

combat assessment; mission. (JP 3-0) 

measure of performance — A criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to 

measuring task accomplishment. Also called MOP. (JP 3-0) 

mechanical sweep — In naval mine warfare, any sweep used with the object of physically 

contacting the mine or its appendages. (JP 3-15) 

media operations center — A facility established by the joint force commander to serve as 

the focal point for the interface between the military and the media during the conduct 

of joint operations. Also called MOC. (JP 3-61)

media pool — A limited number of news media who represent a larger number of news 

media organizations for purposes of news gathering and sharing of material during a 

specified activity. Pooling is typically used when news media support resources cannot 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

196 JP 1-02 

accommodate a large number of journalists. See also news media representative; 

public affairs. (JP 3-61) 

medical civil-military operations — All military health-related activities in support of a 

joint force commander that establish, enhance, maintain or influence relations between 

the joint or multinational force and host nation, multinational governmental and 

nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian populace in 

order to facilitate military operations, achieve United States operational objectives, and 

positively impact the health sector. Also called MCMO. (JP 4-02) 

medical engagement protocols — Directives issued by competent military authority that 

delineate the circumstances and limitations under which United States medical forces 

will initiate medical care and support to those individuals that are not Department of 

Defense health care beneficiaries or designated eligible for care in a military medical 

treatment facility by the Secretary of Defense. (JP 4-02) 

medical intelligence — That category of intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation, 

analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental 

information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and 

operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the 

formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian 

sectors. Also called MEDINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01) 

medical intelligence preparation of the operational environment — A systematic 

continuing process that analyzes information on medical and disease threats, enemy 

capabilities, terrain, weather, local medical infrastructure, potential humanitarian and 

refugee situations, transportation issues, and political, religious and social issues for all 

types of operations. Also called MIPOE. (JP 4-02) 

medical logistics support — A functional area of logistics support for the joint force 

surgeon’s health service support mission and that includes supplying Class VIII 

medical supplies (medical material to include medical peculiar repair parts used to 

sustain the health service support system), optical fabrication, medical equipment 

maintenance, blood storage and distribution, and medical gases. Also called 

MEDLOG support. (JP 4-02)

medical regulating — The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement 

of patients through the roles of care and to match patients with a medical treatment 

facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed 

space. See also health service support; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02) 

medical surveillance — The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of 

data derived from instances of medical care or medical evaluation, and the reporting of 

population-based information for characterizing and countering threats to a 

population’s health, well-being and performance. See also surveillance. (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 197 

medical treatment facility — A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical 

and/or dental care to eligible individuals. Also called MTF. (JP 4-02) 

medium-range ballistic missile. A ballistic missile with a range capability from about 600 

to 1,500 nautical miles. Also called MRBM. (JP 3-01)

mensuration — The process of measurement of a feature or location on the earth to 

determine an absolute latitude, longitude, and elevation. For targeting applications, the 

errors inherent in both the source for measurement as well as the measurement 

processes must be understood and reported. (JP 3-60) 

message — 1. Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and 

prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication. (JP 6-0) 

2. A narrowly focused communication directed at a specific audience to support a 

specific theme. (JP 3-61) 

meteorological and oceanographic — A term used to convey all meteorological, 

oceanographic, and space environmental factors as provided by Services, support 

agencies, and other sources. These factors include the whole range of atmospheric 

(weather) and oceanographic phenomena, from the sub-bottom of the earth’s oceans up 

to the space environment (space weather). Also called METOC. (JP 3-59) 

meteorological and oceanographic data — Measurements or observations of 

meteorological and oceanographic variables. (JP 3-59) 

meteorological and oceanographic environment — The surroundings, which include 

conditions, resources, and natural phenomena, in and through which the joint force 

operates. The complete environment extends from the sub-bottom of the Earth’s 

oceans, through maritime, land areas, airspace, ionosphere, and outward into space. 

(JP 3-59)

meteorological and oceanographic operations support community — The collective of 

electronically connected, shore-based meteorological and oceanographic production 

facilities/centers, theater and/or regional meteorological and oceanographic production 

activities. Also called MOSC. See also meteorological and oceanographic. 

 (JP 3-59) 

meteorology — The study dealing with the phenomena of the atmosphere including the 

physics, chemistry, and dynamics extending to the effects of the atmosphere on the 

Earth’s surface and the oceans. (JP 3-59) 

midcourse phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile between the boost phase 

and the terminal phase. See also boost phase; terminal phase. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

198 JP 1-02 

migrant — A person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross 

national boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons 

rather than fear of political or ethnic persecution. (JP 3-29) 

Military Affiliate Radio System — A program conducted by the Departments of the 

Army, Navy, and Air Force in which amateur radio stations and operators participate in 

and contribute to the mission of providing auxiliary and emergency communications on 

a local, national, or international basis as an adjunct to normal military 

communications. Also called MARS.

military assistance advisory group — A joint Service group, normally under the military 

command of a commander of a unified command and representing the Secretary of 

Defense, which primarily administers the US military assistance planning and 

programming in the host country. Also called MAAG. (JP 3-22) 

Military Assistance Program — That portion of the US security assistance authorized by 

the Foreign Assistance Act of l961, as amended, which provides defense articles and 

services to recipients on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis. Also called MAP. (JP 3-22) 

military characteristics — Those characteristics of equipment upon which depends its 

ability to perform desired military functions. Military characteristics include physical 

and operational characteristics but not technical characteristics. 

military civic action — The use of preponderantly indigenous military forces on projects 

useful to the local population at all levels in such fields as education, training, public 

works, agriculture, transportation, communications, health, sanitation, and others 

contributing to economic and social development, which would also serve to improve 

the standing of the military forces with the population. (US forces may at times advise 

or engage in military civic actions in overseas areas.) (JP 3-57) 

military construction — Any construction, alteration, development, conversion, or 

extension of any kind carried out with respect to a military installation. Also called 

MILCON. (JP 3-34) 

military deception — Actions executed to deliberately mislead adversary military, 

paramilitary, or violent extremist organization decision makers, thereby causing the 

adversary to take specific actions (or inactions) that will contribute to the 

accomplishment of the friendly mission. Also called MILDEC. (JP 3-13.4) 

Military Department — One of the departments within the Department of Defense created 

by the National Security Act of 1947, as amended. Also called MILDEP. See also

Department of the Air Force; Department of the Army; Department of the Navy.

military engagement — Routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of 

the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation’s armed forces, or 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 199 

foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies to build trust and confidence, share 

information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence. (JP 3-0) 

military geography — The specialized field of geography dealing with natural and 

manmade physical features that may affect the planning and conduct of military 

operations. 

military government — See civil affairs.

military health system — A health system that supports the military mission by fostering, 

protecting, sustaining, and restoring health and providing the direction, resources, 

health care providers, and other means necessary for promoting the health of the 

beneficiary population. (JP 4-02) 

military information support operations — Planned operations to convey selected 

information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, 

objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, 

groups, and individuals in a manner favorable to the originator’s objectives. Also 

called MISO. (JP 3-13.2) 

military information support operations impact indicators — An observable event or a 

discernible subjectively determined behavioral change that represents an effect of a 

military information support operations activity on the intended foreign target audience 

at a particular point in time. (JP 3-13.2) 

Military Intelligence Board — A decision-making forum which formulates Department of 

Defense intelligence policy and programming priorities. Also called MIB. See also 

intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

military intervention — The deliberate act of a nation or a group of nations to introduce its 

military forces into the course of an existing controversy. (JP 3-0)

military journalist — A US Service member or Department of Defense civilian employee 

providing photographic, print, radio, or television command information for military 

internal audiences. See also command information. (JP 3-61) 

military occupation — A condition in which territory is under the effective control of a 

foreign armed force. See also occupied territory. (JP 3-0) 

Military Postal Service — The command, organization, personnel, and facilities 

established to provide a means for the transmission of mail to and from the Department 

of Defense, members of the US Armed Forces, and other authorized agencies and 

individuals. Also called MPS. (JP 1-0) 

Military Postal Service Agency — The single manager operating agency established to 

manage the Military Postal Service. Also called MPSA. (JP 1-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

200 JP 1-02 

military post office — A branch of a designated US-based post office established by US 

Postal Service authority and operated by one of the Services. Also called MPO. 

 (JP 1-0) 

military resources — Military and civilian personnel, facilities, equipment, and supplies 

under the control of a Department of Defense component. (JP 4-01.5) 

Military Sealift Command — A major command of the United States Navy reporting to 

Commander Fleet Forces Command, and the United States Transportation Command’s 

component command responsible for designated common-user sealift transportation 

services to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy United States forces on a global basis. 

Also called MSC. See also transportation component command. (JP 4-01.2) 

Military Sealift Command force — Common-user sealift consisting of three subsets: the 

Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force, common-user ocean transportation, and the special 

mission support force. See also common-user sealift; Military Sealift Command. 

(JP 4-01.2) 

Military Service — A branch of the Armed Forces of the United States, established by act 

of Congress, in which persons are appointed, enlisted, or inducted for military service, 

and which operates and is administered within a military or executive department. The 

Military Services are: the United States Army, the United States Navy, the United 

States Air Force, the United States Marine Corps, and the United States Coast Guard. 

military source operations — The collection, from, by and/or via humans, of foreign and 

military and military-related intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

military specification container — A container that meets specific written standards. Also 

called MILSPEC container. (JP 4-09) 

military standard requisitioning and issue procedure — A uniform procedure 

established by the Department of Defense for use within the Department of Defense to 

govern requisition and issue of materiel within standardized priorities. Also called

MILSTRIP.

military standard transportation and movement procedures — Uniform and standard 

transportation data, documentation, and control procedures applicable to all cargo 

movements in the Department of Defense transportation system. Also called

MILSTAMP. (JP 4-01.5) 

military technician — A Federal civilian employee providing full-time support to a 

National Guard, Reserve, or Active Component organization for administration, 

training, and maintenance of the Selected Reserve. Also called MILTECH. 

 (CJCSM 3150.13) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 201 

military van (container) — Military-owned, demountable container, conforming to United 

States and international standards, operated in a centrally controlled fleet for movement 

of military cargo. Also called MILVAN. (JP 4-02) 

MILSPEC container — See military specification container. (JP 4-09) 

mine — 1. In land mine warfare, an explosive or other material, normally encased, designed 

to destroy or damage ground vehicles, boats, or aircraft, or designed to wound, kill, or 

otherwise incapacitate personnel and designed to be detonated by the action of its 

victim, by the passage of time, or by controlled means. 2. In naval mine warfare, an 

explosive device laid in the water with the intention of damaging or sinking ships or of 

deterring shipping from entering an area. See also mine warfare. (JP 3-15) 

mine countermeasures — All methods for preventing or reducing damage or danger from 

mines. Also called MCM. (JP 3-15)

minefield — 1. In land warfare, an area of ground containing mines emplaced with or 

without a pattern. 2. In naval warfare, an area of water containing mines emplaced with 

or without a pattern. See also mine; mine warfare. (JP 3-15) 

minefield record — A complete written record of all pertinent information concerning a 

minefield, submitted on a standard form by the officer in charge of the emplacement 

operations. (JP 3-15) 

minefield report — An oral, electronic, or written communication concerning mining 

activities (friendly or enemy) submitted in a standard format by the fastest secure 

means available. (JP 3-15) 

minehunting — Employment of sensor and neutralization systems, whether air, surface, or 

subsurface, to locate and dispose of individual mines in a known field, or to verify the 

presence or absence of mines in a given area. See also minesweeping. (JP 3-15) 

minesweeping — The technique of clearing mines using either mechanical sweeping to 

remove, disturb, or otherwise neutralize the mine; explosive sweeping to cause 

sympathetic detonations, damage, or displace the mine; or influence sweeping to 

produce either the acoustic or magnetic influence required to detonate the mine. See 

also minehunting. (JP 3-15) 

mine warfare — The strategic, operational, and tactical use of mines and mine 

countermeasures either by emplacing mines to degrade the enemy’s capabilities to 

wage land, air, and maritime warfare or by countering of enemy-emplaced mines to 

permit friendly maneuver or use of selected land or sea areas. Also called MW. 

 (JP 3-15) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

202 JP 1-02 

minimize — A condition wherein normal message and telephone traffic is drastically 

reduced in order that messages connected with an actual or simulated emergency shall 

not be delayed. (JP 6-0) 

minimum force — Those minimum actions, including the use of armed force, sufficient to 

bring a situation under control or to defend against hostile act or hostile intent, where 

the firing of weapons is to be considered as a means of last resort. (JP 3-07.3) 

minimum range — 1. Least range setting of a gun at which the projectile will clear an 

obstacle or friendly troops between the gun and the target. 2. Shortest distance to 

which a gun can fire from a given position. 3. The range at which a projectile or fuse 

will be armed. 

minimum-risk route — A temporary corridor of defined dimensions recommended for use 

by high-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents the minimum known hazards to lowflying aircraft transiting the combat zone. Also called MRR. (JP 3-52) 

missile defense — Defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy missiles, or to 

nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. (JP 3-01) 

missile engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined dimensions within 

which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with surface-to-air 

missile systems. Also called MEZ. (JP 3-01)

mission — 1. The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be 

taken and the reason therefore. (JP 3-0) 2. In common usage, especially when applied 

to lower military units, a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task. (JP 3-0) 3. The 

dispatching of one or more aircraft to accomplish one particular task. (JP 3-30) 

mission assignment — The vehicle used by the Department of Homeland 

Security/Emergency Preparedness and Response/Federal Emergency Management 

Agency to support federal operations in a Stafford Act major disaster or emergency 

declaration that orders immediate, short-term emergency response assistance when an 

applicable state or local government is overwhelmed by the event and lacks the 

capability to perform, or contract for, the necessary work. (JP 3-28) 

mission command — The conduct of military operations through decentralized execution 

based upon mission-type orders. (JP 3-31) 

mission needs statement — A formatted non-system-specific statement containing 

operational capability needs and written in broad operational terms. Also called MNS. 

(CJCSI 3180.01) 

mission-oriented protective posture — A flexible system of protection against chemical, 

biological, radiological, and nuclear contamination. This posture requires personnel to 

wear only that protective clothing and equipment (mission-oriented protective posture 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 203 

gear) appropriate to the threat level, work rate imposed by the mission, temperature, 

and humidity. Also called MOPP. See also mission-oriented protective posture 

gear. (JP 3-11) 

mission-oriented protective posture gear — Military term for individual protective 

equipment including suit, boots, gloves, mask with hood, first aid treatments, and 

decontamination kits issued to military members. Also called MOPP gear. See also 

decontamination; mission-oriented protective posture. (JP 3-11) 

mission statement — A short sentence or paragraph that describes the organization’s 

essential task(s), purpose, and action containing the elements of who, what, when, 

where, and why. See also mission. (JP 5-0) 

mission type order — 1. An order issued to a lower unit that includes the accomplishment 

of the total mission assigned to the higher headquarters. 2. An order to a unit to 

perform a mission without specifying how it is to be accomplished. (JP 3-50) 

mobile inshore undersea warfare unit — A Navy surveillance unit that provides seaward 

security to joint logistics over-the-shore operations from either a port or harbor 

complex or unimproved beach sites. The mobile inshore undersea warfare unit is 

equipped with mobile radar, sonar, and communications equipment located within a 

mobile van. Also called MIUWU. See also joint logistics over-the-shore 

operations. (JP 4-01.6) 

mobile mine — A mine propelled to its laying position by propulsion equipment, such as a 

torpedo that sinks at the end of its run placing the mine. See also mine. (JP 3-34) 

mobile security force — A dedicated security force designed to defeat Level I and II threats 

on a base and/or base cluster. Also called MSF. (JP 3-10) 

mobile training team — A team consisting of one or more US military or civilian 

personnel sent on temporary duty, often to a foreign nation, to give instruction. The 

mission of the team is to train indigenous personnel to operate, maintain, and employ 

weapons and support systems, or to develop a self-training capability in a particular 

skill. The Secretary of Defense may direct a team to train either military or civilian 

indigenous personnel, depending upon host-nation requests. Also called MTT. 

mobility — A quality or capability of military forces which permits them to move from 

place to place while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission. (JP 3-17) 

mobility air forces — The mobility air forces are comprised of those air components and 

Service components that are assigned air mobility forces and/or that routinely exercise 

command authority over their operations. Also called MAF. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

204 JP 1-02 

mobility corridor — Areas where a force will be canalized due to terrain restrictions. They 

allow military forces to capitalize on the principles of mass and speed and are therefore 

relatively free of obstacles. (JP 2-01.3)

mobilization — 1. The act of assembling and organizing national resources to support 

national objectives in time of war or other emergencies. See also industrial 

mobilization. 2. The process by which the Armed Forces or part of them are brought 

to a state of readiness for war or other national emergency. This includes activating all 

or part of the Reserve Component as well as assembling and organizing personnel, 

supplies, and materiel. Mobilization of the Armed Forces includes but is not limited to 

the following categories: a. selective mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed 

Forces resulting from action by Congress and/or the President to mobilize Reserve 

Component units, Individual Ready Reservists, and the resources needed for their 

support to meet the requirements of a domestic emergency that is not the result of an 

enemy attack. b. partial mobilization — Expansion of the active Armed Forces 

resulting from action by Congress (up to full mobilization) or by the President (not 

more than 1,000,000 for not more than 24 consecutive months) to mobilize Ready 

Reserve Component units, individual reservists, and the resources needed for their 

support to meet the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an 

external threat to the national security. c. full mobilization — Expansion of the active 

Armed Forces resulting from action by Congress and the President to mobilize all 

Reserve Component units and individuals in the existing approved force structure, as 

well as all retired military personnel, and the resources needed for their support to meet 

the requirements of a war or other national emergency involving an external threat to 

the national security. Reserve personnel can be placed on active duty for the duration of 

the emergency plus six months. d. total mobilization — Expansion of the active 

Armed Forces resulting from action by Congress and the President to organize and/or 

generate additional units or personnel beyond the existing force structure, and the 

resources needed for their support, to meet the total requirements of a war or other 

national emergency involving an external threat to the national security. Also called 

MOB. (JP 4-05) 

mobilization base — The total of all resources available, or that can be made available, to 

meet foreseeable wartime needs. Such resources include the manpower and materiel 

resources and services required for the support of essential military, civilian, and 

survival activities, as well as the elements affecting their state of readiness, such as (but 

not limited to) the following: manning levels, state of training, modernization of 

equipment, mobilization materiel reserves and facilities, continuity of government, civil 

defense plans and preparedness measures, psychological preparedness of the people, 

international agreements, planning with industry, dispersion, and standby legislation 

and controls. (JP 4-05) 

mobilization exercise — An exercise involving, either completely or in part, the 

implementation of mobilization plans. (JP 4-05) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 205 

mobilization site — The designated location where a Reserve Component unit or individual 

mobilizes or moves after mobilization for further processing, training, and employment. 

This differs from a mobilization station in that it is not necessarily a military 

installation. See also mobilization; mobilization station; Reserve Component. 

 (JP 4-05) 

mobilization staff officer — The action officer assigned the principle responsibility or 

additional duties related to Reserve Component mobilization actions. See also 

mobilization; Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) 

mobilization station — The designated military installation to which a Reserve Component 

unit or individual is moved for further processing, organizing, equipping, training, and 

employment and from which the unit or individual may move to an aerial port of 

embarkation or seaport of embarkation. See also mobilization; mobilization site; 

Reserve Component. (JP 4-05) 

mode (identification, friend or foe) — The number or letter referring to the specific pulse 

spacing of the signals transmitted by an interrogator or transponder used for radar 

identification of aircraft. (JP 3-01) 

mode of transport — One of the various modes used for a movement. For each mode, 

there are several means of transport. They are: a. inland surface transportation (rail, 

road, and inland waterway); b. sea transport (coastal and ocean); c. air transportation; 

and d. pipelines. (JP 4-09) 

Modernized Integrated Database — The national level repository for the general military 

intelligence available to the entire Department of Defense Intelligence Information 

System community and, through Global Command and Control System integrated 

imagery and intelligence, to tactical units. Also called MIDB. See also database. 

(JP 2-01) 

modified combined obstacle overlay — A joint intelligence preparation of the operational 

environment product used to portray the militarily significant aspects of the operational 

environment, such as obstacles restricting military movement, key geography, and 

military objectives. Also called MCOO. See also joint intelligence preparation of 

the operational environment. (JP 2-01.3) 

moored — Lying with both anchors down or tied to a pier, anchor buoy, or mooring buoy. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

moored mine — A contact or influence-operated mine of positive buoyancy held below the 

surface by a mooring attached to a sinker or anchor on the bottom. See also mine. 

(JP 3-15) 

morale, welfare, and recreation — The merging of multiple unconnected disciplines into 

programs which improve unit readiness, promote fitness, build unit morale and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

206 JP 1-02 

cohesion, enhance quality of life, and provide recreational, social, and other support 

services. Also called MWR. (JP 1-0) 

mortar — A muzzle-loading, indirect fire weapon with either a rifled or smooth bore. It 

usually has a shorter range than a howitzer, employs a higher angle of fire, and has a 

tube with a length of 10 to 20 calibers. See also gun; howitzer.

mortuary affairs — Provides for the search for, recovery, identification, preparation, and 

disposition of human remains of persons for whom the Services are responsible by 

status and executive order. Also called MA. See also joint mortuary affairs office. 

(JP 4-06) 

most capable Service or agency — The organization that is best suited to provide common 

supply commodity or logistic service support within a specific joint operation. In this 

context, “best suited” could mean the Service or agency that has required or readily 

available resources and/or expertise. The most capable Service may or may not be the 

dominant user in any particular operation. See also agency. (JP 4-07) 

mounting —1. All preparations made in areas designated for the purpose, in anticipation of 

an operation. It includes the assembly in the mounting area, preparation and 

maintenance within the mounting area, movement to loading points, and subsequent 

embarkation into ships, craft, or aircraft if applicable. 2. A carriage or stand upon 

which a weapon is placed. (JP 3-02.1) 

mounting area — A general locality where assigned forces of an amphibious or airborne 

operation, with their equipment, are assembled, prepared, and loaded in shipping and/or 

aircraft preparatory to an assault. See also embarkation area. (JP 3-02.1) 

movement control — The planning, routing, scheduling, and control of personnel and 

cargo movements over lines of communications; includes maintaining in-transit 

visibility of forces and material through the deployment and/or redeployment process. 

See also consumer logistics; line of communications; movement control teams; 

non-unit cargo; non-unit-related personnel. (JP 4-01.5) 

movement control team — An Army team used to decentralize the execution of movement 

responsibilities on an area basis or at key transportation nodes. Also called MCT. 

 (JP 4-09) 

movement data — Those essential elements of information to schedule lift, obtain 

transportation assets, manage movement of forces, and report in-transit visibility of 

movements and associated forces (people, equipment, and supplies). (JP 4-09) 

movement group — Those ships and embarked units that load out and proceed to 

rendezvous in the objective area. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 207 

movement phase — In amphibious operations, the period during which various elements of 

the amphibious force move from points of embarkation to the operational area. This 

move may be via rehearsal, staging, or rendezvous areas. The movement phase is 

completed when the various elements of the amphibious force arrive at their assigned 

positions in the operational area. See also amphibious force; amphibious operation. 

(JP 3-02) 

movement plan — In amphibious operations, the naval plan providing for the movement of 

the amphibious task force to the objective area. It includes information and instructions 

concerning departure of ships from embarkation points, the passage at sea, and the 

approach to and arrival in assigned positions in the objective area. See also 

amphibious operation; amphibious task force. (JP 3-02) 

movement requirement — A stated movement mode and time-phased need for the 

transport of units, personnel, and/or materiel from a specified origin to a specified 

destination. (JP 4-09) 

movement schedule — A schedule developed to monitor or track a separate entity, whether 

it is a force requirement, cargo or personnel increment, or lift asset. The schedule 

reflects the assignment of specific lift resources (such as an aircraft or ship) that will be 

used to move the personnel and cargo included in a specific movement increment. 

Arrival and departure times at ports of embarkation, etc., are detailed to show a flow 

and workload at each location. Movement schedules are detailed enough to support 

plan implementation. (JP 4-09) 

movement table — A table giving detailed instructions or data for a move. When 

necessary it will be qualified by the words road, rail, sea, air, etc., to signify the type of 

movement. Normally issued as an annex to a movement order or instruction. (JP 4-09) 

movement to contact — A form of the offense designed to develop the situation and to 

establish or regain contact. (JP 3-50) 

multinational — Between two or more forces or agencies of two or more nations or 

coalition partners. See also alliance; coalition. (JP 5-0) 

multinational doctrine — Fundamental principles that guide the employment of forces of 

two or more nations in coordinated action toward a common objective. It is ratified by 

participating nations. See also doctrine; joint doctrine.

multinational exercise — An exercise containing one or more non-US participating 

force(s). See also exercise.

multinational force — A force composed of military elements of nations who have formed 

an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose. Also called MNF. See also 

multinational force commander; multinational operations. (JP 1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

208 JP 1-02 

multinational force commander — A general term applied to a commander who exercises 

command authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more 

nations. The extent of the multinational force commander’s command authority is 

determined by the participating nations. Also called MNFC. See also multinational 

force. (JP 3-16) 

multinational integrated logistic support — Two or more nations agree to provide logistic 

assets to a multinational force under operational control of a multinational force 

commander for the logistic support of a multinational force. See also logistic support; 

multinational integrated logistic support unit; multinational logistics; 

multinational logistic support arrangement. (JP 4-08) 

multinational integrated logistic support unit — An organization resulting when two or 

more nations agree to provide logistics assets to a multinational logistic force under the 

operational control of a multinational commander for the logistic support of a 

multinational force. Also called MILU. See also logistic support; multinational; 

multinational integrated logistic support. (JP 4-08) 

multinational logistics — Any coordinated logistic activity involving two or more nations 

supporting a multinational force conducting military operations under the auspices of 

an alliance or coalition, including those conducted under United Nations mandate. 

Multinational logistics includes activities involving both logistic units provided by 

participating nations designated for use by the multinational force commander as well 

as a variety of multinational logistic support arrangements that may be developed and 

used by participating forces. See also logistics; multinational; multinational logistic 

support arrangement. (JP 4-08) 

multinational logistic support arrangement — Any arrangement involving two or more 

nations that facilitates the logistic support of a force (either the forces of the countries 

participating in the arrangement or other countries). See also logistic support; 

multinational; multinational logistics. (JP 4-08) 

multinational operations — A collective term to describe military actions conducted by 

forces of two or more nations, usually undertaken within the structure of a coalition or 

alliance. See also alliance; coalition. (JP 3-16) 

multinational staff — A staff composed of personnel of two or more nations within the 

structure of a coalition or alliance. See also integrated staff; joint staff. 

multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle — A reentry vehicle carried by a 

delivery system that can place one or more reentry vehicles over each of several 

separate targets. See also maneuverable reentry vehicle; multiple reentry vehicle. 

(JP 3-14) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 209 

multiple reentry vehicle — The reentry vehicle of a delivery system that places more than 

one reentry vehicle over an individual target. See also maneuverable reentry vehicle; 

multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle. (JP 3-14) 

multi-point refueling system — A limited number of KC-135 aircraft can be equipped 

with external wing-mounted pods to conduct drogue air refueling, while still 

maintaining boom air refueling capability on the same mission. This dual refueling 

capability makes KC-135s with multi-point refueling systems ideal for use as ground 

alert aircraft. Also called MPRS. See also air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

multi-Service publication — A publication containing principles, terms, tactics, 

techniques, and procedures used and approved by the forces of two or more Services to 

perform a common military function consistent with approved joint doctrine. 

(CJCSM 5120.01)

multispectral imagery — The image of an object obtained simultaneously in a number of 

discrete spectral bands. Also called MSI. (JP 3-14) 

multi-spot ship — Those ships certified to have two or more adjacent landing areas. See 

also spot. (JP 3-04) 

munitions effectiveness assessment — Conducted concurrently and interactively with 

battle damage assessment, the assessment of the military force applied in terms of the 

weapon system and munitions effectiveness to determine and recommend any required 

changes to the methodology, tactics, weapon system, munitions, fusing, and/or weapon 

delivery parameters to increase force effectiveness. Munitions effectiveness 

assessment is primarily the responsibility of operations with required inputs and 

coordination from the intelligence community. Also called MEA. See also 

assessment; battle damage assessment. (JP 2-01) 

mutual support — That support which units render each other against an enemy, because 

of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each other and to the enemy, and their 

inherent capabilities. See also close support; direct support; support. (JP 3-31) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

210 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

N 

JP 1-02 211 

named area of interest — The geospatial area or systems node or link against which 

information that will satisfy a specific information requirement can be collected. 

Named areas of interest are usually selected to capture indications of adversary courses 

of action, but also may be related to conditions of the operational environment. Also 

called NAI. See also area of interest. (JP 2-01.3) 

napalm — 1. Powdered aluminum soap or similar compound used to gelatinize oil or 

gasoline for use in napalm bombs or flame throwers. 2. The resultant gelatinized 

substance. 

nap-of-the-earth flight — See terrain flight.

narcoterrorism — Terrorism that is linked to illicit drug trafficking. (JP 3-07.4) 

National Air Mobility System — A broad and comprehensive system of civilian and 

military capabilities and organizations that provides the President and Secretary of 

Defense and combatant commanders with rapid global mobility. This system 

effectively integrates the management of airlift, air refueling, and air mobility support 

assets, processes, and procedures into an integrated whole. Also called NAMS. See 

also airlift; air mobility; air refueling. (JP 3-17) 

national capital region — A geographic area encompassing the District of Columbia and 

eleven local jurisdictions in the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Virginia. 

Also called NCR. (JP 3-28) 

National Communications System — The telecommunications system that results from 

the technical and operational integration of the separate telecommunications systems of 

the several executive branch departments and agencies having a significant 

telecommunications capability. Also called NCS. (JP 6-0) 

national critical infrastructure and key assets — The infrastructure and assets vital to a 

nation’s security, governance, public health and safety, economy, and public 

confidence. They include telecommunications, electrical power systems, gas and oil 

distribution and storage, water supply systems, banking and finance, transportation, 

emergency services, industrial assets, information systems, and continuity of 

government operations. Also called NCI&KA. (JP 3-28) 

National Defense Reserve Fleet — 1. Including the Maritime Administration Ready 

Reserve Force, a fleet composed of ships acquired and maintained by the Maritime 

Administration for use in mobilization or emergency. 2. Less the Maritime 

Administration Ready Reserve Force, a fleet composed of the older dry cargo ships, 

tankers, troop transports, and other assets in Maritime Administration’s custody that are 

maintained at a relatively low level of readiness. Also called NDRF. See also

Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force. (JP 4-01.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

212 JP 1-02 

national defense strategy — A document approved by the Secretary of Defense for 

applying the Armed Forces of the United States in coordination with Department of 

Defense agencies and other instruments of national power to achieve national security 

strategy objectives. Also called NDS. (JP 3-0) 

national detainee reporting center — National-level center that obtains and stores 

information concerning enemy prisoners of war, civilian internees, and retained 

personnel and their confiscated personal property. May be established upon the 

outbreak of an armed conflict or when persons are captured or detained by U.S. 

military forces in the course of the full range of military operations. Accounts for all 

persons who pass through the care, custody, and control of the U.S. Department of 

Defense. Also called NDRC. (JP 3-63) 

National Disaster Medical System — A coordinated partnership between Departments of 

Homeland Security, Health and Human Services, Defense, and Veterans Affairs 

established for the purpose of responding to the needs of casualties of a public health 

emergency. Also called NDMS. (JP 3-41) 

national emergency — A condition declared by the President or the Congress by virtue of 

powers previously vested in them that authorize certain emergency actions to be 

undertaken in the national interest. Action to be taken may include partial, full, or total 

mobilization of national resources. See also mobilization. (JP 3-28) 

National Incident Management System — A national crisis response system that provides 

a consistent, nationwide approach for federal, state, local, and tribal governments; the 

private sector; and nongovernmental organizations to work effectively and efficiently 

together to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents, regardless of 

cause, size, or complexity. Also called NIMS. (JP 3-41) 

national information infrastructure — The nationwide interconnection of 

communications networks, computers, databases, and consumer electronics that make 

vast amounts of information available to users. The national information infrastructure 

encompasses a wide range of equipment, including cameras, scanners, keyboards, 

facsimile machines, computers, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable, 

wire, satellites, fiber-optic transmission lines, networks of all types, televisions, 

monitors, printers, and much more. The friendly and adversary personnel who make 

decisions and handle the transmitted information constitute a critical component of the 

national information infrastructure. Also called NII. See also defense information 

infrastructure; global information infrastructure. (JP 3-13) 

national intelligence — All intelligence, regardless of the source from which derived, and 

including that which is gathered within or outside of the United States, that pertains to 

more than one agency, and involves (1) threats to the United States, its people, property, 

or interests, (2) the development, proliferation, or use of weapons of mass destruction, or 

(3) any other matter bearing on US national or homeland security. (JP 2-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 213 

national intelligence estimate — A strategic estimate of the capabilities, vulnerabilities, 

and probable courses of action of foreign nations produced at the national level as a 

composite of the views of the intelligence community. Also called NIE. (JP 2-01) 

national intelligence support team — A nationally sourced team composed of intelligence 

and communications experts from Defense Intelligence Agency, Central Intelligence 

Agency, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, or other 

intelligence community agencies as required. Also called NIST. See also intelligence; 

national intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

national interagency fire center — A facility located in Boise, Idaho, that is jointly 

operated by several federal agencies and is dedicated to coordination, logistic support, 

and improved weather services in support of fire management operations throughout 

the United States. Also called NIFC. (JP 3-28) 

National Military Command System — The priority component of the Global Command 

and Control System designed to support the President, Secretary of Defense and Joint 

Chiefs of Staff in the exercise of their responsibilities. Also called NMCS. (JP 6-0) 

National Military Strategy — A document approved by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 

of Staff for distributing and applying military power to attain national security strategy 

and national defense strategy objectives. Also called NMS. See also National 

Security Strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 3-0) 

national operations center — The primary national hub for domestic incident management 

operational coordination and situational awareness. A standing 24 hours a day, 7 days a 

week interagency organization fusing law enforcement, national intelligence, 

emergency response, and private-sector reporting. Also called NOC. (JP 3-28) 

national policy — A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by the 

government at the national level in pursuit of national objectives. 

National Reconnaissance Office — A Department of Defense agency tasked to ensure that 

the United States has the technology and spaceborne and airborne assets needed to 

acquire intelligence worldwide, including support to such functions as monitoring of 

arms control agreements, indications and warning, and the planning and conducting of 

military operations. This mission is accomplished through research and development, 

acquisition, and operation of spaceborne and airborne intelligence data collection 

systems. Also called NRO. (JP 2-0) 

national response coordination center — A multiagency center that provides overall 

federal response and recovery coordination for incidents of national significance and 

emergency management program implementation. This center is a functional 

component of the national operations center. Also called NRCC. (JP 3-28) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

214 JP 1-02 

national security — A collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign 

relations of the United States. Specifically, the condition provided by: a. a military or 

defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; b. a favorable foreign 

relations position; or c. a defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or 

destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. See also security. (JP 1) 

National Security Agency/Central Security Service Representative — The senior theater 

or military command representative of the Director, National Security Agency/Chief, 

Central Security Service in a specific country or military command headquarters who 

provides the Director, National Security Agency, with information on command plans 

requiring cryptologic support. The National Security Agency/Central Security Service 

representative serves as a special advisor to the combatant commander for cryptologic 

matters, to include signals intelligence, communications security, and computer 

security. Also called NCR. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

National Security Council — A governmental body specifically designed to assist the 

President in integrating all spheres of national security policy. The President, Vice 

President, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Defense are statutory members. The 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Director, Central Intelligence Agency; and the 

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs serve as advisers. Also called

NSC. 

national security interests — The foundation for the development of valid national 

objectives that define US goals or purposes. National security interests include 

preserving US political identity, framework, and institutions; fostering economic 

well-being; and bolstering international order supporting the vital interests of the 

United States and its allies. 

National Security Strategy — A document approved by the President of the United States 

for developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power to achieve 

objectives that contribute to national security. Also called NSS. See also National 

Military Strategy; strategy; theater strategy. (JP 3-0) 

national shipping authority — The organization within each Allied government 

responsible in time of war for the direction of its own merchant shipping. Also called

NSA. (JP 4-01.2) 

national special security event — A designated event that, by virtue of its political, 

economic, social, or religious significance, may be the target of terrorism or other 

criminal activity. Also called NSSE. (JP 3-28) 

national stock number — The 13-digit stock number replacing the 11-digit federal stock 

number. It consists of the 4-digit federal supply classification code and the 9-digit 

national item identification number. The national item identification number consists 

of a 2-digit National Codification Bureau number designating the central cataloging 

office (whether North Atlantic Treaty Organization or other friendly country) that 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 215 

assigned the number and a 7-digit (xxx-xxxx) nonsignificant number. The number 

shall be arranged as follows: 9999-00-999-9999. Also called NSN. (JP 4-09) 

national support element — Any national organization or activity that supports national 

forces that are a part of a multinational force. Their mission is nation-specific support 

to units and common support that is retained by the nation. Also called NSE. See also 

multinational force; support. (JP 1) 

National System for Geospatial Intelligence — The combination of technology, policies, 

capabilities, doctrine, activities, people, data, and organizations necessary to produce 

geospatial intelligence in an integrated, multi-intelligence environment. Also called 

NSG. (JP 2-03) 

nation assistance — Assistance rendered to a nation by foreign forces within that nation’s 

territory based on agreements mutually concluded between nations. (JP 3-0) 

natural disaster — An emergency situation posing significant danger to life and property 

that results from a natural cause. See also domestic emergencies. (JP 3-29) 

nautical mile — A measure of distance equal to one minute of arc on the Earth’s surface. 

The United States has adopted the international nautical mile equal to 1,852 meters or 

6,076.11549 feet. Also called nm. 

naval advanced logistic support site — An overseas location used as the primary 

transshipment point in the theater of operations for logistic support. A naval advanced 

logistic support site possesses full capabilities for storage, consolidation, and transfer of 

supplies and for support of forward-deployed units (including replacements units) 

during major contingency and wartime periods. Naval advanced logistic support sites, 

with port and airfield facilities in close proximity, are located within the theater of 

operations but not near the main battle areas, and must possess the throughput capacity 

required to accommodate incoming and outgoing intertheater airlift and sealift. When 

fully activated, the naval advanced logistic support site should consist of facilities and 

services provided by the host nation, augmented by support personnel located in the 

theater of operations, or both. Also called NALSS or Naval ALSS. See also logistic 

support; naval forward logistic site; support; theater of operations. (JP 3-35) 

Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization manual — Series of 

general and specific aircraft procedural manuals that govern the operations of naval 

aircraft. Also called NATOPS manual. (JP 3-04)

naval base — A naval base primarily for support of the forces afloat, contiguous to a port or 

anchorage, consisting of activities or facilities for which the Navy has operating 

responsibilities, together with interior lines of communications and the minimum 

surrounding area necessary for local security. (Normally, not greater than an area of 40 

square miles.) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

216 JP 1-02 

naval beach group — A permanently organized naval command within an amphibious 

force composed of a commander and staff, a beachmaster unit, an amphibious 

construction battalion, and assault craft units, designed to provide an administrative 

group from which required naval tactical components may be made available to the 

attack force commander and to the amphibious landing force commander. Also called 

NBG. See also shore party. (JP 3-02) 

naval construction force — The combined construction units of the Navy that are part of 

the operating forces and represent the Navy’s capability for advanced base 

construction. Also called NCF. (JP 3-34) 

naval forward logistic site — An overseas location, with port and airfield facilities nearby, 

which provides logistic support to naval forces within the theater of operations during 

major contingency and wartime periods. Naval forward logistic sites may be located in 

close proximity to main battle areas to permit forward staging of services, throughput 

of high priority cargo, advanced maintenance, and battle damage repair. Naval forward 

logistic sites are linked to in-theater naval advanced logistic support sites by intratheater 

airlift and sealift, but may also serve as transshipment points for intertheater movement 

of high-priority cargo into areas of direct combat. In providing fleet logistic support, 

naval forward logistic site capabilities may range from very austere to near those of a 

naval advanced logistic support site. Also called NFLS or Naval FLS. See also

logistic support; naval advanced logistic support site; staging. (JP 3-35) 

naval gunfire spotting team — The unit of a shore fire control party that designates 

targets; controls commencement, cessation, rate, and types of fire; and spots fire on the 

target. See also spotter. 

naval gunfire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun systems in support of a unit or 

units tasked with achieving the commander’s objectives. A subset of naval surface fire 

support. Also called NGFS. See also naval surface fire support. (JP 3-09) 

naval operation — 1. A naval action (or the performance of a naval mission) that may be 

strategic, operational, tactical, logistic, or training. 2. The process of carrying on or 

training for naval combat in order to gain the objectives of any battle or campaign. 

(JP 3-32) 

naval special warfare — A naval warfare specialty that conducts special operations with an 

emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments using small, flexible, mobile 

units operating under, on, and from the sea. Also called NSW. (JP 3-05) 

naval special warfare forces — Those Active and Reserve Component Navy forces 

designated by the Secretary of Defense that are specifically organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called NSW forces or 

NAVSOF. (JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 217 

naval special warfare group — A permanent Navy echelon III major command to which 

most naval special warfare forces are assigned for some operational and all 

administrative purposes. It consists of a group headquarters with command and 

control, communications, and support staff; sea-air-land teams; and sea-air-land team 

delivery vehicle teams. Also called NSWG. (JP 3-05.1) 

naval special warfare task element — A provisional subordinate element of a naval 

special warfare task unit, employed to extend the command and control and support 

capabilities of its parent task unit. Also called NSWTE. See also naval special 

warfare task unit. (JP 3-05.1) 

naval special warfare task group — A provisional naval special warfare organization that 

plans, conducts, and supports special operations in support of fleet commanders and 

joint force special operations component commanders. Also called NSWTG. 

 (JP 3-05.1) 

naval special warfare task unit — A provisional subordinate unit of a naval special 

warfare task group. Also called NSWTU. See also naval special warfare task 

group. (JP 3-05.1) 

naval special warfare unit — A permanent Navy organization forward based to control 

and support attached naval special warfare forces. Also called NSWU. (JP 3-05.1) 

naval surface fire support — Fire provided by Navy surface gun and missile systems in 

support of a unit or units. Also called NSFS. See also fire support. (JP 3-09.3) 

Navy cargo-handling battalion — A mobile logistic support unit capable of worldwide 

deployment in its entirety or in specialized detachments. It is organized, trained, and 

equipped to: a. load and offload Navy and Marine Corps cargo carried in maritime prepositioning ships and merchant breakbulk or container ships in all environments; b. 

operate an associated temporary ocean cargo terminal; c. load and offload Navy and 

Marine Corps cargo carried in military-controlled aircraft; and d. operate an associated 

expeditionary air cargo terminal. Also called NCHB or Navy CHB. See also 

maritime pre-positioning ships. (JP 3-02.1) 

Navy cargo handling force — The combined cargo handling units of the Navy, including 

primarily the Navy cargo handling and port group, the Naval Reserve cargo handling 

training battalion, and the Naval Reserve cargo handling battalion. These units are part 

of the operating forces and represent the Navy’s capability for open ocean cargo 

handling. Also called NCHF. See also Navy cargo handling battalion. (JP 4-01.6) 

Navy special operations component — The Navy component of a joint force special 

operations component. Also called NAVSOC. See also Air Force special operations 

component; Army special operations component. (JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

218 JP 1-02 

Navy support element — The maritime pre-positioning force element that is composed of 

naval beach group staff and subordinate unit personnel, a detachment of Navy cargo 

handling force personnel, and other Navy components, as required. It is tasked with 

conducting the off-load and ship-to-shore movement of maritime pre-positioned 

equipment and/or supplies. Also called NSE. (JP 3-02.1) 

Navy tactical air control center — See tactical air control center. (JP 3-09.3) 

Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft — Combatant commander-controlled airlift assets 

deemed essential for providing air transportation in support of naval operations’ 

transportation requirements. This capability is intended to provide a balance and 

supplement to other airlift assets to ensure the Navy’s ability to respond to emergency 

and wartime requirements. Also called NUFEA. (JP 3-17) 

N-day — See times.

near miss (aircraft) — Any circumstance in flight where the degree of separation between 

two aircraft is considered by either pilot to have constituted a hazardous situation 

involving potential risk of collision. 

need to know — A criterion used in security procedures that requires the custodians of 

classified information to establish, prior to disclosure, that the intended recipient must 

have access to the information to perform his or her official duties. (JP 2-01.2) 

negation — Measures to deceive, disrupt, deny, degrade, or destroy an adversary’s space 

systems and services or any other space system or service used by an adversary that is 

hostile to US national interests. See also space control. (JP 3-14) 

nerve agent — A potentially lethal chemical agent which interferes with the transmission of 

nerve impulses. (JP 3-11) 

net explosive weight — The actual weight in pounds of explosive mixtures or compounds, 

including the trinitrotoluene equivalent of energetic material, that is used in 

determination of explosive limits and explosive quantity data arcs. Also called NEW. 

(JP 4-09) 

networked munitions. Remotely controlled, interconnected, weapons system designed to 

provide rapidly emplaced ground-based countermobility and protection capability 

through scalable application of lethal and nonlethal means. (JP 3-15) 

network operations — Activities conducted to operate and defend the Global Information 

Grid. Also called NETOPS. (JP 6-0) 

neutral — In combat and combat support operations, an identity applied to a track whose 

characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality indicate that it is neither supporting nor 

opposing friendly forces. See also suspect; unknown. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 219 

neutrality — In international law, the attitude of impartiality during periods of war adopted 

by third states toward a belligerent and subsequently recognized by the belligerent, 

which creates rights and duties between the impartial states and the belligerent. 

(JP 3-0) 

neutralization fire — Fire which is delivered to render the target ineffective or unusable. 

neutralize — 1. As pertains to military operations, to render ineffective or unusable. 2. To 

render enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation. 

3. To render safe mines, bombs, missiles, and booby traps. 4. To make harmless 

anything contaminated with a chemical agent. (JP 3-0) 

neutral state — In international law, a state that pursues a policy of neutrality during war. 

See also neutrality. (JP 3-50) 

news media representative — An individual employed by a civilian radio or television 

station, newspaper, newsmagazine, periodical, or news agency to gather and report on a 

newsworthy event. Also called NMR. See also public affairs. (JP 3-61) 

night vision device — Any electro-optical device that is used to detect visible and infrared 

energy and provide a visible image. Night vision goggles, forward-looking infrared, 

thermal sights, and low-light level television are night vision devices. Also called

NVD. See also forward-looking infrared; night vision goggles(s). (JP 3-09.3) 

night vision goggle(s) — An electro-optical image intensifying device that detects visible 

and near-infrared energy, intensifies the energy, and provides a visible image for night 

viewing. Night vision goggles can be either hand-held or helmet-mounted. Also called

NVG. See also night vision device. (JP 3-09.3) 

node — 1. A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, 

processed for onward movement, or terminated. (JP 3-17) 2. In communications and 

computer systems, the physical location that provides terminating, switching, and 

gateway access services to support information exchange. (JP 6-0) 3. An element of a 

system that represents a person, place, or physical thing. (JP 3-0) 

no-fire area — An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their 

effects are prohibited. Also called NFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09.3) 

nonappropriated funds — Funds generated by Department of Defense personnel and their 

dependents used to augment funds appropriated by the Congress to provide a 

comprehensive, morale-building welfare, religious, educational, and recreational 

programs. Also called NAF. (JP 1-0) 

nonbattle injury — A person who becomes a casualty due to circumstances not directly 

attributable to hostile action or terrorist activity. Also called NBI. (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

220 JP 1-02 

noncombatant evacuation operations — Operations directed by the Department of State 

or other appropriate authority, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, whereby 

noncombatants are evacuated from foreign countries when their lives are endangered 

by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster to safe havens as designated by the Department 

of State. Also called NEOs. See also evacuation; noncombatant evacuees; 

operation; safe haven. (JP 3-68) 

noncombatant evacuation operations tracking system — An automated data processing 

hardware and software package that has the capability to provide evacuee in-transit 

visibility to combatant commanders and senior leadership during the conduct of a 

noncombatant evacuation operation. Also called NTS. (JP 3-68) 

noncombatant evacuees — 1. US citizens who may be ordered to evacuate by competent 

authority include: a. civilian employees of all agencies of the US Government and their 

dependents, except as noted in 2a below; b. military personnel of the Armed Forces of 

the United States specifically designated for evacuation as noncombatants; and c. 

dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States. 2. US (and non-US) 

citizens who may be authorized or assisted (but not necessarily ordered to evacuate) by 

competent authority include: a. civilian employees of US Government agencies and 

their dependents, who are residents in the country concerned on their own volition, but 

express the willingness to be evacuated; b. private US citizens and their dependents; c. 

military personnel and dependents of members of the Armed Forces of the United States 

outlined in 1c above, short of an ordered evacuation; and d. designated personnel, 

including dependents of persons listed in 1a through 1c above, as prescribed by the 

Department of State. See also noncombatant evacuation operations. (JP 3-68) 

nonconventional assisted recovery — Personnel recovery conducted by 

indigenous/surrogate personnel that are trained, supported, and led by special 

operations forces, unconventional warfare ground and maritime forces, or other 

government agencies’ personnel that have been specifically trained and directed to 

establish and operate indigenous or surrogate infrastructures. Also called NAR. 

 (JP 3-50) 

nondestructive electronic warfare — Those electronic warfare actions, not including 

employment of wartime reserve modes, that deny, disrupt, or deceive rather than 

damage or destroy. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1)

nonexpendable supplies and materiel — Supplies not consumed in use that retain their 

original identity during the period of use, such as weapons, machines, tools, and 

equipment. 

nongovernmental organization — A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization 

dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, 

economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 221 

resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil 

society. Also called NGO. (JP 3-08) 

nonlethal weapon — A weapon that is explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to 

incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to 

personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Also called NLW. 

(JP 3-28) 

nonpersistent agent — A chemical agent that when released dissipates and/or loses its 

ability to cause casualties after 10 to 15 minutes. (JP 3-11) 

nonproliferation — Actions to prevent the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by 

dissuading or impeding access to, or distribution of, sensitive technologies, material, 

and expertise. Also called NP. See also counterproliferation. (JP 3-40) 

nonscheduled units — Units of the landing force held in readiness for landing during the 

initial unloading period, but not included in either scheduled or on-call waves. This 

category usually includes certain of the combat support units and most of the combat 

service support units with higher echelon (division and above) reserve units of the 

landing force. Their landing is directed when the need ashore can be predicted with a 

reasonable degree of accuracy. (JP 3-02) 

nonstandard item — An item of supply determined by standardization action as not 

authorized for procurement. 

non-unit cargo — All equipment and supplies requiring transportation to an operational 

area, other than those identified as the equipment or accompanying supplies of a 

specific unit. (JP 4-01.5).

non-unit-related personnel — All personnel requiring transportation to or from an 

operational area, other than those assigned to a specific unit. Also called NRP or NUP. 

(JP 1-0) 

North American Aerospace Defense Command — A bi-national command of the US and 

Canada that provides aerospace surveillance, warning and assessment of aerospace 

attack, and maintains the sovereignty of US and Canadian airspace. Also called 

NORAD. 

no-strike list — A list of objects or entities characterized as protected from the effects of 

military operations under international law and/or rules of engagement. Attacking 

these may violate the law of armed conflict or interfere with friendly relations with 

indigenous personnel or governments. Also called NSL. See also law of armed 

conflict. (JP 3-60) 

not mission capable, maintenance — Material condition indicating that systems and 

equipment are not capable of performing any of their assigned missions because of 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

222 JP 1-02 

maintenance requirements. Also called NMCM. See also not mission capable, 

supply.

not mission capable, supply — Material condition indicating that systems and equipment 

are not capable of performing any of their assigned missions because of maintenance 

work stoppage due to a supply shortage. Also called NMCS. See also not mission 

capable, maintenance.

nuclear incident — An unexpected incident involving a nuclear weapon, facility, or 

component, but not constituting a nuclear weapon(s) accident, resulting in any of the 

following: a. an increase in the possibility of explosion or radioactive contamination; b. 

errors committed in the assembly, testing, loading, or transportation of equipment, 

and/or the malfunctioning of equipment and materiel which could lead to an 

unintentional operation of all or part of the weapon arming and/or firing sequence, or 

which could lead to a substantial change in yield, or increased dud probability; and c. 

any act of God, unfavorable environment, or condition resulting in damage to the 

weapon, facility, or component. (JP 3-41) 

nuclear intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection and analysis of radiation 

and other effects resulting from radioactive sources. Also called NUCINT. See also

intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

nuclear radiation — Particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei 

in various nuclear processes. The important nuclear radiations, from the weapon 

standpoint, are alpha and beta particles, gamma rays, and neutrons. (JP 3-11) 

nuclear reactor — A facility in which fissile material is used in a self-supporting chain 

reaction (nuclear fission) to produce heat and/or radiation for both practical application 

and research and development. (JP 3-40) 

nuclear weapon — A complete assembly (i.e., implosion type, gun type, or thermonuclear 

type), in its intended ultimate configuration which, upon completion of the prescribed 

arming, fusing, and firing sequence, is capable of producing the intended nuclear 

reaction and release of energy. (JP 3-11) 

nuclear weapon(s) accident — An unexpected incident involving nuclear weapons or 

radiological nuclear weapon components that results in any of the following; a. 

accidental or unauthorized launching, firing, or use by United States forces or United 

States supported allied forces of a nuclear-capable weapon system that could create the 

risk of an outbreak of war; b. nuclear detonation; c. nonnuclear detonation or burning of 

a nuclear weapon or radiological nuclear weapon component; d. radioactive 

contamination; e. seizure, theft, loss, or destruction of a nuclear weapon or radiological 

nuclear weapon component, including jettisoning; and f. public hazard, actual or 

implied. (JP 3-41) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 223 

nuisance minefield — A minefield laid to delay and disorganize the enemy and to hinder 

the use of an area or route. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) 

numbered beach — In amphibious operations, a subdivision of a colored beach, designated 

for the assault landing of a battalion landing team or similarly sized unit, when landed 

as part of a larger force. (JP 3-02) 

numbered fleet — A major tactical unit of the Navy immediately subordinate to a major 

fleet command and comprising various task forces, elements, groups, and units for the 

purpose of prosecuting specific naval operations. See also fleet.

numbered wave — See wave.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

224 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

O 

JP 1-02 225 

objective — 1. The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every 

operation is directed. 2. The specific target of the action taken which is essential to the 

commander’s plan. See also target. (JP 5-0) 

objective area — A defined geographical area within which is located an objective to be 

captured or reached by the military forces. This area is defined by competent authority 

for purposes of command and control. Also called OA. (JP 3-06) 

observer-target range — The distance along an imaginary straight line from the observer 

or spotter to the target. 

obstacle — Any natural or man-made obstruction designed or employed to disrupt, fix, turn, 

or block the movement of an opposing force, and to impose additional losses in 

personnel, time, and equipment on the opposing force. (JP 3-15)

obstacle belt — A brigade-level command and control measure, normally given graphically, 

to show where within an obstacle zone the ground tactical commander plans to limit 

friendly obstacle employment and focus the defense. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

obstacle clearing — The total elimination or neutralization of obstacles. (JP 3-15) 

obstacle intelligence — Those collection efforts to detect the presence of enemy and natural 

obstacles, determine their types and dimensions, and provide the necessary information 

to plan appropriate combined arms breaching, clearance, or bypass operations to negate 

the impact on the friendly scheme of maneuver. Also called OBSTINT. (JP 3-15) 

obstacle restricted areas — A command and control measure used to limit the type or 

number of obstacles within an area. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

obstacle zone — A division-level command and control measure, normally done 

graphically, to designate specific land areas where lower echelons are allowed to 

employ tactical obstacles. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

occupational and environmental health surveillance — The regular or repeated 

collection, analysis, archiving, interpretation, and dissemination of occupational and 

environmental health-related data for monitoring the health of, or potential health 

hazard impact on, a population and individual personnel, and for intervening in a timely 

manner to prevent, treat, or control the occurrence of disease or injury when determined 

necessary. (JP 4-02) 

occupational and environmental health threats — Threats to the health of military 

personnel and to military readiness created by exposure to hazardous agents, 

environmental contamination, or toxic industrial materials. See also health threat. 

 (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

226 JP 1-02 

occupied territory — Territory under the authority and effective control of a belligerent 

armed force and not being administered pursuant to peace terms, treaty, or other 

agreement, express or implied, with the civil authority of the territory. See also civil 

affairs agreement. (JP 4-02) 

oceanography — The study of the sea, embracing and integrating all knowledge pertaining 

to the sea and its physical boundaries, the chemistry and physics of seawater, and 

marine biology. From a military perspective, oceanography includes basic 

oceanography plus the study of bathymetry, hydrography, geophysics, astrometry and 

precise time; supported by ocean engineering, operational supercomputing, and 

operations research. (JP 3-59) 

offensive counterair — Offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy 

aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both 

before and after launch, and as close to their source as possible. Also called OCA. See 

also counterair; defensive counterair; operation. (JP 3-01) 

offensive counterair attack operations — Offensive action by any part of the joint force in 

support of the offensive counterair mission against surface targets which contribute to 

the enemy’s air and missile capabilities. Also called OCA attack operations. See 

also counterair; offensive counterair. (JP 3-01) 

offensive counterintelligence operation — A clandestine counterintelligence activity 

conducted for military, strategic, Department of Defense, or national 

counterintelligence and security purposes against a target having suspected or known 

affiliation with foreign intelligence entities, international terrorism, or other foreign 

persons or organizations, to counter terrorism, espionage, or other clandestine 

intelligence activities that threaten the security of the Department or the United States. 

The two types of offensive counterintelligence operations are double agent operation 

and controlled source operation. Also called OFCO. (JP 2-01.2) 

offensive space control — Those operations to prevent an adversary’s hostile use of 

US/third party space capabilities and services or negate (disrupt, deny, degrade, 

deceive, or destroy) an adversary’s space capabilities. (JP 3-14)

office — An enduring organization that is formed around a specific function within a joint 

force commander’s headquarters to coordinate and manage support requirements. 

(JP 3-33) 

officer in tactical command — In maritime usage, the senior officer present eligible to 

assume command, or the officer to whom the senior officer has delegated tactical 

command. Also called OTC.

officer of the deck — The officer of the deck under way has been designated by the 

commanding officer to be in charge of the ship, including its safe and proper operation. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 227 

The officer of the deck reports directly to the commanding officer for the safe 

navigation and general operation of the ship, to the executive officer (and command 

duty officer if appointed) for carrying out the ship’s routine, and to the navigator on 

sighting navigational landmarks and making course and speed changes. Also called

OOD. (JP 3-04) 

official information — Information that is owned by, produced for or by, or is subject to 

the control of the United States Government. (JP 3-61) 

off-load preparation party — A temporary task organization of Navy and Marine 

maintenance, embarkation, equipment operators, and cargo-handling personnel 

deployed to the maritime pre-positioning ship before or during its transit to the 

objective area to prepare the ship’s off-load systems and embarked equipment for offload. Also called OPP. See also task organization. (JP 3-35) 

offset costs — Costs for which funds have been appropriated that may not be incurred as a 

result of a contingency operation. See also contingency operation. (JP 1-06) 

offshore bulk fuel system — The system used for transferring fuel from points offshore to 

reception facilities on the beach. It consists of two subsystems: amphibious bulk liquid 

transfer system and the offshore petroleum discharge system. See also amphibious 

bulk liquid transfer system; offshore petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6) 

offshore petroleum discharge system — Provides bulk transfer of petroleum directly from 

an offshore tanker to a beach termination unit located immediately inland from the high 

watermark. Bulk petroleum then is either transported inland or stored in the beach 

support area. Also called OPDS. See also facility; petroleum, oils, and lubricants; 

single-anchor leg mooring. (JP 4-03) 

off-the-shelf item — An item that has been developed and produced to military or 

commercial standards and specifications, is readily available for delivery from an 

industrial source, and may be procured without change to satisfy a military 

requirement. 

on berth — Said of a ship when it is properly moored to a quay, wharf, jetty, pier, or buoy 

or when it is at anchor and available for loading or discharging passengers and cargo. 

on-call — 1. A term used to signify that a prearranged concentration, air strike, or final 

protective fire may be called for. 2. Preplanned, identified force or materiel 

requirements without designated time-phase and destination information. (JP 3-01) 

on-call resupply — A resupply mission planned before insertion of a special operations 

team into the operations area but not executed until requested by the operating team. 

See also emergency resupply. (JP 3-05.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

228 JP 1-02 

on-call target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are determined using 

deliberate targeting and triggered, when detected or located, using dynamic targeting. 

See also dynamic targeting; on-call; operational area; planned target; target. 

 (JP 3-60) 

on-call wave — See wave.

on hand — The quantity of an item that is physically available in a storage location and 

contained in the accountable property book records of an issuing activity. (JP 4-09) 

on-scene commander — 1. An individual in the immediate vicinity of an isolating event 

who temporarily assumes command of the incident. 2. The federal officer designated 

to direct federal crisis and consequence management efforts at the scene of a terrorist or 

weapons of mass destruction incident. Also called OSC. (JP 3-50) 

on-station time — The time an aircraft can remain on station, that may be determined by 

endurance or orders. (JP 3-50) 

open ocean — Ocean limit defined as greater than 12 nautical miles (nm) from shore, as 

compared with high seas that are over 200 nm from shore. See also contiguous zone.

open-source intelligence — Information of potential intelligence value that is available to 

the general public. Also called OSINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

operation — 1. A series of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. (JP 

1) 2. A military action or the carrying out of a strategic, operational, tactical, service, 

training, or administrative military mission. (JP 3-0). 

operational approach — A description of the broad actions the force must take to 

transform current conditions into those desired at end state. (JP 5-0)

operational architecture — Descriptions of the tasks, operational elements, and 

information flows required to accomplish or support a warfighting function. 

operational area — An overarching term encompassing more descriptive terms (such as 

area of responsibility and joint operations area) for geographic areas in which military 

operations are conducted. Also called OA. See also amphibious objective area; area 

of operations; area of responsibility; joint operations area; joint special operations 

area; theater of operations; theater of war. (JP 3-0) 

operational art — The cognitive approach by commanders and staffs — supported by their 

skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment — to develop strategies, 

campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, 

ways, and means. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 229 

operational authority — That authority exercised by a commander in the chain of 

command, defined further as combatant command (command authority), operational 

control, tactical control, or a support relationship. See also combatant command 

(command authority); in support of; operational control; support; tactical 

control. (JP 1) 

operational characteristics — Those military characteristics that pertain primarily to the 

functions to be performed by equipment, either alone or in conjunction with other 

equipment; e.g., for electronic equipment, operational characteristics include such items 

as frequency coverage, channeling, type of modulation, and character of emission. 

(JP 5-0) 

operational contract support — The process of planning for and obtaining supplies, 

services, and construction from commercial sources in support of joint operations along 

with the associated contractor management functions. (JP 4-10)

operational control — Command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any 

echelon at or below the level of combatant command. Operational control is inherent 

in combatant command (command authority) and may be delegated within the 

command. Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command 

over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, 

assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to 

accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all 

aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions 

assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the 

commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through 

subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component 

commanders. Operational control normally provides full authority to organize 

commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander in operational 

control considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions; it does not, in and of 

itself, include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, 

discipline, internal organization, or unit training. Also called OPCON. See also 

combatant command; combatant command (command authority); tactical 

control. (JP 1) 

operational control authority — The naval commander responsible within a specified 

geographical area for the naval control of all merchant shipping under Allied naval 

control. Also called OCA. (JP 3-15) 

operational decontamination — Decontamination carried out by an individual and/or a 

unit, restricted to specific parts of operationally essential equipment, materiel and/or 

working areas, in order to minimize contact and transfer hazards and to sustain 

operations. This may include decontamination of the individual beyond the scope of 

immediate decontamination, as well as decontamination of mission-essential spares and 

limited terrain decontamination. See also decontamination; immediate 

decontamination; thorough decontamination. (JP 3-11) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

230 JP 1-02 

operational design — The conception and construction of the framework that underpins a 

campaign or major operation plan and its subsequent execution. See also campaign; 

major operation. (JP 5-0) 

operational design element — A key consideration used in operational design. (JP 5-0) 

operational environment — A composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences 

that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander. 

Also called OE. (JP 3-0) 

operational exposure guide — The maximum amount of nuclear/external ionizing 

radiation that the commander considers a unit may be permitted to receive while 

performing a particular mission or missions. Also called OEG. See also radiation 

exposure status. (JP 3-11)

operational intelligence — Intelligence that is required for planning and conducting 

campaigns and major operations to accomplish strategic objectives within theaters or 

operational areas. See also intelligence; strategic intelligence; tactical intelligence. 

(JP 2-0) 

operational level of war — The level of war at which campaigns and major operations are 

planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or 

other operational areas. See also strategic level of war; tactical level of war. (JP 3-0) 

operational limitation — An action required or prohibited by higher authority, such as a 

constraint or a restraint, and other restrictions that limit the commander’s freedom of 

action, such as diplomatic agreements, rules of engagement, political and economic 

conditions in affected countries, and host nation issues. See also constraint; restraint. 

(JP 5-0) 

operationally ready — 1. A unit, ship, or weapon system capable of performing the 

missions or functions for which organized or designed. 2. Personnel available and 

qualified to perform assigned missions or functions. (JP 4-01.5) 

operational necessity — A mission associated with war or peacetime operations in which 

the consequences of an action justify the risk of loss of aircraft and crew. See also

mission. (JP 3-04) 

operational pause — A temporary halt in operations. (JP 5-0) 

operational reach — The distance and duration across which a joint force can successfully 

employ military capabilities. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 231 

operational readiness — The capability of a unit/formation, ship, weapon system, or 

equipment to perform the missions or functions for which it is organized or designed. 

Also called OR. See also combat readiness. (JP 1-0) 

operational reserve — An emergency reserve of men and/or materiel established for the 

support of a specific operation. (JP 5-0) 

operational support airlift — Operational support airlift missions are movements of highpriority passengers and cargo with time, place, or mission-sensitive requirements. 

Operational support airlift aircraft are those fixed-wing aircraft acquired and/or retained 

exclusively for operational support airlift missions, as well as any other Department of 

Defense-owned or controlled aircraft, fixed- or rotary-wing, used for operational 

support airlift purposes. Also called OSA. (JP 3-17) 

operational testing — A continuing process of evaluation that may be applied to either 

operational personnel or situations to determine their validity or reliability. (JP 4-02) 

operation and maintenance — Maintenance and repair of real property, operation of 

utilities, and provision of other services such as refuse collection and disposal, 

entomology, snow removal, and ice alleviation. Also called O&M. (JP 3-34) 

operation order — A directive issued by a commander to subordinate commanders for the 

purpose of effecting the coordinated execution of an operation. Also called OPORD. 

(JP 5-0) 

operation plan — 1. Any plan for the conduct of military operations prepared in response 

to actual and potential contingencies. 2. A complete and detailed joint plan containing 

a full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a 

time-phased force and deployment data. Also called OPLAN. See also operation 

order. (JP 5-0) 

operations center — The facility or location on an installation, base, or facility used by the 

commander to command, control, and coordinate all operational activities. Also called 

OC. See also base defense operations center. (JP 3-07.2) 

operations research — The analytical study of military problems undertaken to provide 

responsible commanders and staff agencies with a scientific basis for decision on action 

to improve military operations. Also called operational research; operations 

analysis.

operations security — A process of identifying critical information and subsequently 

analyzing friendly actions attendant to military operations and other activities. Also 

called OPSEC. See also operations security indicators; operations security 

measures; operations security planning guidance; operations security 

vulnerability. (JP 3-13.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

232 JP 1-02 

operations security assessment — An evaluative process, usually exercise, or support 

function to determine the likelihood that critical information can be protected from the 

adversary’s intelligence. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security countermeasures — Methods and means to gain and maintain 

essential secrecy about critical information. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security indicators — Friendly detectable actions and open-source information 

that can be interpreted or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information. 

(JP 3-13.3) 

operations security planning guidance — Guidance that defines the critical information 

requiring protection from the adversary and outlines provisional measures to ensure 

secrecy. (JP 3-13.3) 

operations security survey — A collection effort by a team of subject matter experts to 

reproduce the intelligence image projected by a specific operation or function 

simulating hostile intelligence processes. (JP 3-13.3)

operations security vulnerability — A condition in which friendly actions provide 

operations security indicators that may be obtained and accurately evaluated by an 

adversary in time to provide a basis for effective adversary decision making. 

(JP 3-13.3) 

operations support element — An element that is responsible for all administrative, 

operations support and services support functions within the counterintelligence and 

human intelligence staff element of a joint force intelligence directorate. Also called 

OSE. (JP 2-01.2) 

operations to restore order — Operations intended to halt violence and support, reinstate, 

or establish civil authorities so that indigenous police forces can effectively enforce the 

law and restore civil authority. See also operation; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 

opportune lift — That portion of lift capability available for use after planned requirements 

have been met. (JP 4-02) 

ordered departure — A procedure by which the number of US Government personnel, 

their dependents, or both are reduced at a foreign service post. Departure is directed by 

the Department of State (initiated by the chief of mission or the Secretary of State) to 

designated safe havens with implementation of the combatant commander 

noncombatant evacuation operations plan. (JP 3-68) 

order of battle — The identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the 

personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. Also called OB; OOB. 

 (JP 2-01.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 233 

ordnance — Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics, and similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns and 

ammunition, flares, smoke, or napalm. (JP 3-15) 

organic — Assigned to and forming an essential part of a military organization. Organic 

parts of a unit are those listed in its table of organization for the Army, Air Force, and 

Marine Corps, and are assigned to the administrative organizations of the operating 

forces for the Navy. 

organizational equipment — Referring to method of use: signifies that equipment (other 

than individual equipment) used in furtherance of the common mission of an 

organization or unit. See also equipment.

organizational maintenance — That maintenance that is the responsibility of and 

performed by a using organization on its assigned equipment. (JP 4-01.5) 

organization for combat — In amphibious operations, task organization of landing force 

units for combat, involving combinations of command, ground and aviation combat, 

combat support, and combat service support units for accomplishment of missions 

ashore. See also amphibious operation; task organization. (JP 3-02) 

organization for embarkation — In amphibious operations, the organization for 

embarkation consisting of temporary landing force task organizations established by 

the commander, landing force and a temporary organization of Navy forces established 

by the commander, amphibious task force for the purpose of simplifying planning and 

facilitating the execution of embarkation. See also amphibious operation; 

embarkation; landing force; task organization. (JP 3-02) 

organization for landing — In amphibious operations, the specific tactical grouping of the 

landing force for the assault. (JP 3-02) 

Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force — A network of 13 regional organized 

crime drug enforcement task forces designed to coordinate Federal law enforcement 

efforts to combat the national and international organizations that cultivate, process, 

and distribute illicit drugs. Also called OCDETF. (JP 3-07.4) 

originating medical treatment facility — A medical facility that initially transfers a patient 

to another medical facility. (JP 4-02) 

originator — The command by whose authority a message is sent, which includes the 

responsibility for the functions of the drafter and the releasing officer. (JP 2-01)

oscillating mine — A mine, hydrostatically controlled, which maintains a pre-set depth 

below the surface of the water independently of the rise and fall of the tide. See also

mine. (JP 3-15) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

234 JP 1-02 

other detainee — Person in the custody of the US Armed Forces who has not been 

classified as an enemy prisoner of war (article 4, Geneva Convention of 1949 Relative 

to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (GPW)), retained personnel (article 33, GPW), or 

civilian internee (article 78, Geneva Convention). Also called OD. See also civilian 

internee; custody; detainee; prisoner of war; retained personnel. (JP 1-0) 

other government agency — Within the context of interagency coordination, a non 

Department of Defense agency of the United States Government. Also called OGA. 

(JP 1) 

outer transport area — In amphibious operations, an area inside the antisubmarine screen 

to which assault transports proceed initially after arrival in the objective area. See also

inner transport area; transport area. (JP 3-02) 

outsized cargo — Cargo that exceeds the dimensions of oversized cargo and requires the 

use of a C-5 or C-17 aircraft or surface transportation. A single item that exceeds 1,000 

inches long by 117 inches wide by 105 inches high in any one dimension. See also 

oversized cargo. (JP 4-01.6) 

overpressure — The pressure resulting from the blast wave of an explosion. It is referred 

to as “positive” when it exceeds atmospheric pressure and “negative” during the 

passage of the wave when resulting pressures are less than atmospheric pressure. 

(JP 3-11) 

Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document — A set of objective criteria and 

management practices developed by the Department of Defense to protect human 

health and the environment. Also called OEBGD. (JP 3-34) 

oversized cargo — 1. Large items of specific equipment such as a barge, side loadable 

warping tug, causeway section, powered, or causeway section, nonpowered. Requires 

transport by sea. 2. Air cargo exceeding the usable dimension of a 463L pallet loaded 

to the design height of 96 inches, but equal to or less than 1,000 inches in length, 117 

inches in width, and 105 inches in height. This cargo is air transportable on the C-5, 

C-17, C-130, KC-10 and most civilian contract cargo carriers. See also outsized 

cargo. (JP 3-17) 

over-the-horizon amphibious operations — An operational initiative launched from 

beyond visual and radar range of the shoreline. (JP 3-02) 

overt — Activities that are openly acknowledged by or are readily attributable to the United 

States Government, including those designated to acquire information through legal 

and open means without concealment. Overt information may be collected by 

observation, elicitation, or from knowledgeable human sources. (JP 2-01.2) 

overt operation — An operation conducted openly, without concealment. See also

clandestine operation; covert operation. (JP 2-01.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

P 

JP 1-02 235 

packaged petroleum product — A petroleum product (generally a lubricant, oil, grease, or 

specialty item) normally packaged by a manufacturer and procured, stored, transported, 

and issued in containers having a fill capacity of 55 United States gallons (or 45 

Imperial gallons, or 205 liters) or less. 

packup kit — Service-provided maintenance gear including spare parts and consumables 

most commonly needed by the deployed helicopter detachment. Supplies are sufficient 

for a short-term deployment but do not include all material needed for every 

maintenance task. Also called PUK. (JP 3-04) 

palletized unit load — Quantity of any item, packaged or unpackaged, which is arranged 

on a pallet in a specified manner and securely strapped or fastened thereto so that the 

whole is handled as a unit. (JP 4-01.6) 

parallel chains of command — In amphibious operations, a parallel system of command, 

responding to the interrelationship of Navy, landing force, Air Force, and other major 

forces assigned, wherein corresponding commanders are established at each 

subordinate level of all components to facilitate coordinated planning for, and 

execution of, the amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

paramilitary forces — Forces or groups distinct from the regular armed forces of any 

country, but resembling them in organization, equipment, training, or mission. 

(JP 3-24) 

partial mobilization — See mobilization, Part 2.

partisan warfare — Not to be used. See guerrilla warfare.

partner nation — Those nations that the United States works with to disrupt the 

production, transportation, distribution, and sale of illicit drugs, as well as the money 

involved with this illicit activity. Also called PN. (JP 3-07.4) 

passage of lines — An operation in which a force moves forward or rearward through 

another force’s combat positions with the intention of moving into or out of contact 

with the enemy. A passage may be designated as a forward or rearward passage of 

lines. 

passive air defense — All measures, other than active air defense, taken to minimize the 

effectiveness of hostile air and missile threats against friendly forces and assets. See 

also air defense. (JP 3-01) 

passive defense — Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects 

of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. See 

also active defense.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

236 JP 1-02 

passive mine — 1. A mine whose anticountermining device has been operated preventing 

the firing mechanism from being actuated. 2. A mine which does not emit a signal to 

detect the presence of a target. (JP 3-15) 

pathfinders — 1. Experienced aircraft crews who lead a formation to the drop zone, release 

point, or target. 2. Teams dropped or air landed at an objective to establish and operate 

navigational aids for the purpose of guiding aircraft to drop and landing zones. 3. A 

radar device used for navigating or homing to an objective when visibility precludes 

accurate visual navigation. 4. Teams air delivered into enemy territory for the purpose 

of determining the best approach and withdrawal lanes, landing zones, and sites for 

helicopterborne forces. (JP 3-13.3) 

pathogen — A disease producing microorganism that directly attacks human tissue and 

biological processes. (JP 3-11) 

patient movement — The act or process of moving a sick, injured, wounded, or other 

person to obtain medical and/or dental care or treatment. Functions include medical 

regulating, patient evacuation, and en route medical care. See also patient movement 

items; patient movement requirements center. (JP 4-02) 

patient movement items — The medical equipment and supplies required to support 

patients during aeromedical evacuation, which is part of a standardized list of approved 

safe-to-fly equipment. Also called PMIs. (JP 4-02) 

patient movement policy — Command decision establishing the maximum number of days 

that patients may be held within the command for treatment. See also evacuation. 

 (JP 4-02) 

patient movement requirements center — 1. A joint activity that coordinates patient 

movement by functionally merging of joint medical regulating processes, Services’ 

medical regulating processes, and patient movement evacuation requirements planning 

(transport to bed plan). 2. Term used to represent any theater, joint or the Global 

Patient Movement Requirements Center function. Also called PMRC. (JP 4-02) 

Patriot — A point and limited area defense surface-to-air missile system capable of 

intercepting aircraft and theater missiles, including short-, medium-, and intermediaterange ballistic missiles in the terminal phase. (JP 3-01)

P-day — That point in time at which the rate of production of an item available for military 

consumption equals the rate at which the item is required by the Armed Forces. 

peace building — Stability actions, predominately diplomatic and economic, that 

strengthen and rebuild governmental infrastructure and institutions in order to avoid a 

relapse into conflict. Also called PB. See also peace enforcement; peacekeeping; 

peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 237 

peace enforcement — Application of military force, or the threat of its use, normally 

pursuant to international authorization, to compel compliance with resolutions or 

sanctions designed to maintain or restore peace and order. See also peace building; 

peacekeeping; peacemaking; peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 

peacekeeping — Military operations undertaken with the consent of all major parties to a 

dispute, designed to monitor and facilitate implementation of an agreement (cease fire, 

truce, or other such agreement) and support diplomatic efforts to reach a long-term 

political settlement. See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacemaking; 

peace operations. (JP 3-07.3) 

peacemaking — The process of diplomacy, mediation, negotiation, or other forms of 

peaceful settlements that arranges an end to a dispute and resolves issues that led to it. 

See also peace building; peace enforcement; peacekeeping; peace operations. 

 (JP 3-07.3) 

peace operations — A broad term that encompasses multiagency and multinational crisis 

response and limited contingency operations involving all instruments of national 

power with military missions to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the 

environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to 

legitimate governance. Also called PO. See also peace building; peace enforcement; 

peacekeeping; and peacemaking. (JP 3-07.3) 

peacetime operating stocks — Logistic resources on hand or on order necessary to support 

day-to-day operational requirements, and which, in part, can also be used to offset 

sustaining requirements. Also called POS. (JP 4-03) 

penetration (air traffic control) — That portion of a published high altitude instrument 

approach procedure that prescribes a descent path from the fix on which the procedure 

is based to a fix or altitude from which an approach to the airport is made. 

performance work statement — A statement of work for performance based acquisitions 

that describe the results in clear, specific, and objective terms with measurable 

outcomes. Also called PWS. (JP 4-10)

perils of the sea — Accidents and dangers peculiar to maritime activities, such as storms, 

waves, and wind; collision; grounding; fire, smoke and noxious fumes; flooding, 

sinking and capsizing; loss of propulsion or steering; and any other hazards resulting 

from the unique environment of the sea. 

period — The time it takes for a satellite to complete one orbit around the earth. (JP 3-14) 

perishable cargo — Cargo requiring refrigeration, such as meat, fruit, fresh vegetables, and 

medical department biologicals. (JP 4-01.5
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

238 JP 1-02 

permissive environment — Operational environment in which host country military and 

law enforcement agencies have control as well as the intent and capability to assist 

operations that a unit intends to conduct. (JP 3-0) 

persistency — In biological or chemical warfare, the characteristic of an agent which 

pertains to the duration of its effectiveness under determined conditions after its 

dispersal. (JP 3-11) 

persistent agent — A chemical agent that, when released, remains able to cause casualties 

for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks. (JP 3-11) 

persistent surveillance — A collection strategy that emphasizes the ability of some 

collection systems to linger on demand in an area to detect, locate, characterize, 

identify, track, target, and possibly provide battle damage assessment and retargeting in 

near or real-time. Persistent surveillance facilitates the prediction of an adversary’s 

behavior and the formulation and execution of preemptive activities to deter or forestall 

anticipated adversary courses of action. See also surveillance. (JP 2-0) 

personal effects — All privately owned moveable, personal property of an individual. Also 

called PE. See also mortuary affairs; personal property. (JP 4-06) 

personal locator beacon — An emergency device carried by individuals, to assist locating 

during personnel recovery. Also called PLB. See also emergency locator beacon. 

(JP 3-50) 

personal locator system — A system that provides rough range and bearing to isolated 

personnel by integrating the survival radio (if equipped with a transponder) with an 

airborne locating system, based on an encrypted communications homing system. Also 

called PLS. (JP 3-50)

personal property — Property of any kind or any interest therein, except real property, 

records of the United States Government, and naval vessels of the following categories: 

surface combatants, support ships, and submarines. (JP 4-06) 

personal protective equipment — The equipment provided to shield or isolate a person 

from the chemical, physical, and thermal hazards that can be encountered at a 

hazardous materials incident. Personal protective equipment includes both personal 

protective clothing and respiratory protection. Also called PPE. See also individual 

protective equipment. (JP 3-11)

personal staff — Aides and staff officers handling special matters over which the 

commander wishes to exercise close personal control. (JP 3-33)

person authorized to direct disposition of human remains — A person, usually primary 

next of kin, who is authorized to direct disposition of human remains. Also called 

PADD. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 239 

person eligible to receive effects — The person authorized by law to receive the personal 

effects of a deceased military member. Receipt of personal effects does not constitute 

ownership. Also called PERE. See also mortuary affairs; personal effects. 

 (JP 4-06) 

personnel — Those individuals required in either a military or civilian capacity to 

accomplish the assigned mission. (JP 1-0) 

personnel accountability — The process of identifying, capturing, and recording the 

personal identification information of an individual usually through the use of a 

database. (JP 1-0)

personnel effects inventory officer — An officer appointed to establish clear chain of 

custody for all personal effects of an individual from the time they establish control of 

the effects until they release the effect to mortuary affairs personnel. Also called 

PEIO. (JP 4-06) 

personnel increment number — A seven-character, alphanumeric field that uniquely 

describes a non-unit-related personnel entry (line) in a Joint Operation Planning and 

Execution System time-phased force and deployment data. Also called PIN. (JP 5-0) 

personnel recovery — The sum of military, diplomatic, and civil efforts to prepare for and 

execute the recovery and reintegration of isolated personnel. Also called PR. See also 

combat search and rescue; evasion; personnel; recovery; search and rescue. 

 (JP 3-50) 

personnel recovery coordination cell — The primary joint force component organization 

responsible for coordinating and controlling component personnel recovery missions. 

Also called PRCC. (JP 3-50) 

personnel recovery task force — A force comprised of US or multinational military forces 

and/or other US agencies formed to execute a specific personnel recovery mission to 

locate, support, and recover isolated personnel. Also called PRTF. (JP 3-50) 

personnel security investigation — An inquiry into the activities of an individual, designed 

to develop pertinent information pertaining to trustworthiness and suitability for a 

position of trust as related to loyalty, character, emotional stability, and reliability. Also 

called PSI. (JP 2-01) 

personnel services support — Service-provided sustainment activities that support a 

Service member during both joint exercises and joint operations. Also called PSS. 

 (JP 1-0)

petroleum, oils and lubricants — A broad term that includes all petroleum and associated 

products used by the Armed Forces. Also called POL. (JP 4-01.6) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

240 JP 1-02 

phase — In joint operation planning, a definitive stage of an operation or campaign during 

which a large portion of the forces and capabilities are involved in similar or mutually 

supporting activities for a common purpose. (JP 5-0) 

phase line — A line utilized for control and coordination of military operations, usually an 

easily identified feature in the operational area. Also called PL. (JP 3-09) 

phony minefield — An area free of live mines used to simulate a minefield, or section of a 

minefield, with the object of deceiving the enemy. See also minefield. (JP 3-15) 

physical characteristics — Those military characteristics of equipment that are primarily 

physical in nature, such as weight, shape, volume, water-proofing, and sturdiness. 

physical damage assessment — The estimate of the quantitative extent of physical damage 

(through munitions blast, fragmentation, and/or fire damage effects) to a target resulting 

from the application of military force. This assessment is based upon observed or 

interpreted damage. See also battle damage assessment. (JP 3-60) 

physical security —1. That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to 

safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, 

material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, 

and theft. (JP 3-0) 2. In communications security, the component that results from all 

physical measures necessary to safeguard classified equipment, material, and 

documents from access thereto or observation thereof by unauthorized persons. See 

also communications security; security. (JP 6-0) 

Pierson-Moskowitz scale — A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher wind 

speeds. See also sea state. (JP 4-01.6) 

pipeline — In logistics, the channel of support or a specific portion thereof by means of 

which materiel or personnel flow from sources of procurement to their point of use. 

(JP 4-08) 

piracy — An illegal act of violence, depredation (e.g., plundering, robbing, or pillaging), or 

detention in or over international waters committed for private ends by the crew or 

passengers of a private ship or aircraft against another ship or aircraft or against persons 

or property on board such ship or aircraft. 

placement — An individual’s proximity to information of intelligence interest. (JP 2-01.2) 

plan for landing — In amphibious operations, a collective term referring to all individually 

prepared naval and landing force documents which, taken together, present in detail all 

instructions for execution of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 241 

plan identification number — 1. A command-unique four-digit number followed by a 

suffix indicating the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan year for which the plan is written. 

2. A five-digit number representing the command-unique four-digit identifier, followed 

by a one-character, alphabetic suffix indicating the operation plan option, or a one-digit 

number numeric value indicating the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan year for which 

the plan is written. Also called PID. (JP 5-0) 

planned target — Target that is known to exist in the operational environment, upon which 

actions are planned using deliberate targeting, creating effects which support 

commander’s objectives. There are two types of planned targets: scheduled and oncall. See also on-call target; operational area; scheduled target; target. (JP 3-60) 

planning and direction — In intelligence usage, the determination of intelligence 

requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a 

collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies. 

See also intelligence process. (JP 2-01) 

planning directive — In amphibious operations, the plan issued by the designated 

commander, following receipt of the initiating directive, to ensure that the planning 

process and interdependent plans developed by the amphibious force will be 

coordinated, completed in the time allowed, and important aspects not overlooked. See 

also amphibious force; amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

planning factor — A multiplier used in planning to estimate the amount and type of effort 

involved in a contemplated operation. (JP 5-0) 

planning factors database — Databases created and maintained by the Services for the 

purpose of identifying all geospatial information and services requirements for 

emerging and existing forces and systems. Also called PFDB. See also data; 

database; geospatial information and services. (JP 2-03) 

planning order — A planning directive that provides essential planning guidance and 

directs the initiation of execution planning before the directing authority approves a 

military course of action. Also called PLANORD. See also execution planning. 

 (JP 5-0) 

planning phase — In amphibious operations, the phase normally denoted by the period 

extending from the issuance of the initiating directive up to the embarkation phase. 

The planning phase may occur during movement or at any other time upon receipt of a 

new mission or change in the operational situation. See also amphibious operation. 

(JP 3-02) 

planning team — A functional element within a joint force commander’s headquarters 

established to solve problems related to a specific task or requirement, and which 

dissolves upon completion of the assigned task. (JP 3-33) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

242 JP 1-02 

point defense — The defense or protection of special vital elements and installations; e.g., 

command and control facilities or air bases. (JP 3-52) 

pointee-talkee — A language aid containing selected phrases in English opposite a 

translation in a foreign language used by pointing to appropriate phrases. See also

evasion aid. (JP 3-50) 

point of employment — In distribution operations, a physical location designated by the 

commander at the tactical level where force employment, emplacement, or commodity 

consumption occurs. (JP 4-09) 

point of need — In distribution operations, a physical location within a desired operational 

area designated by the geographic combatant commander or subordinate commander as 

a receiving point for forces or materiel, for subsequent use or consumption. (JP 4-09) 

point of origin — In distribution operations, the beginning point of a deployment, 

redeployment, or movement where forces or materiel are located. (JP 4-09) 

polar orbit — A satellite orbit in which the satellite passes over the North and South Poles 

on each orbit, and eventually passes over all points on the earth. The angle of 

inclination between the equator and a polar orbit is 90 degrees. (JP 3-14) 

population at risk — The strength in personnel of a given force structure in terms of which 

casualty rates are stated. Also called PAR. (JP 4-02) 

port complex — One or more port areas whose activities are geographically linked either 

because these areas are dependent on a common inland transport system or because 

they constitute a common initial destination for convoys. (JP 4-01.5) 

port of debarkation — The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. 

This may be a seaport or aerial port of debarkation; for unit requirements; it may or 

may not coincide with the destination. Also called POD. See also port of 

embarkation. (JP 4-0) 

port of embarkation — The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or 

personnel depart. Also called POE. See also port of debarkation. (JP 4-01.2) 

port operations group — A task-organized unit, located at the seaport of embarkation 

and/or debarkation under the control of the landing force support party and/or combat 

service support element, that assists and provides support in the loading and/or 

unloading and staging of personnel, supplies, and equipment from shipping. Also 

called POG. See also landing force support party; task organization. (JP 3-35) 

port security — The safeguarding of vessels, harbors, ports, waterfront facilities, and cargo 

from internal threats such as destruction, loss, or injury from sabotage or other 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 243 

subversive acts; accidents; thefts; or other causes of similar nature. See also physical 

security; security. (JP 3-10) 

port support activity — A tailorable support organization composed of mobilization 

station assets that ensures the equipment of the deploying units is ready to load. The 

port support activity operates unique equipment in conjunction with ship loading 

operations. The port support activity is operationally controlled by the military port 

commander or terminal transfer unit commander. Also called PSA. See also support. 

(JP 3-35) 

positive control — A method of airspace control that relies on positive identification, 

tracking, and direction of aircraft within an airspace, conducted with electronic means 

by an agency having the authority and responsibility therein. (JP 3-52) 

positive identification — An identification derived from observation and analysis of target 

characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, noncooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other 

physics-based identification techniques. (JP 3-01)

Posse Comitatus Act — Prohibits search, seizure, or arrest powers to US military 

personnel. Amended in 1981 under Public Law 97-86 to permit increased Department 

of Defense support of drug interdiction and other law enforcement activities. (Title 18, 

“Use of Army and Air Force as Posse Comitatus” - United States Code, Section 1385) 

power projection — The ability of a nation to apply all or some of its elements of national 

power - political, economic, informational, or military - to rapidly and effectively 

deploy and sustain forces in and from multiple dispersed locations to respond to crises, 

to contribute to deterrence, and to enhance regional stability. See also elements of 

national power. (JP 3-35) 

prearranged fire — Fire that is formally planned and executed against targets or target 

areas of known location. Such fire is usually planned well in advance and is executed 

at a predetermined time or during a predetermined period of time. See also on-call. 

(JP 3-09) 

preassault operations — Operations conducted by the amphibious force upon its arrival in 

the operational area and prior to H-hour and/or L-hour. See also amphibious force; 

times. (JP 3-02) 

precipitation static — Charged precipitation particles that strike antennas and gradually 

charge the antenna, which ultimately discharges across the insulator, causing a burst of 

static. Also called P-STATIC. (JP 3-13.1) 

precise time and time interval — A reference value of time and time interval (frequency). 

Standards are maintained through traceable measurements referenced to a primary 

timing or frequency standard. The Department of Defense standard for precise time 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

244 JP 1-02 

and time interval is Universal Coordinated Time as maintained by the United States 

Naval Observatory. (JP 3-59)

precision bombing — Bombing directed at a specific point target. 

precision-guided munition — A guided weapon intended to destroy a point target and 

minimize collateral damage. Also called PGM, smart weapon, smart munition. 

 (JP 3-03) 

precursor — Any chemical reactant which takes place at any stage in the production by 

whatever method of a toxic chemical. This includes any key component of a binary or 

multicomponent chemical system. (JP 3-11) 

precursor chemical — Compounds that are required in the synthetic or extraction 

processes of drug production, and become incorporated into the drug molecule. Not 

used in the production of cocaine or heroin. (JP 3-07.4) 

preparation fire — Fire delivered on a target preparatory to an assault. 

preparation of the environment — An umbrella term for operations and activities 

conducted by selectively trained special operations forces to develop an environment 

for potential future special operations. Also called PE. (JP 3-05)

prepare to deploy order — An order issued by competent authority to move forces or 

prepare forces for movement (e.g., increase deployability posture of units). Also called 

PTDO. (JP 5-0) 

preplanned air support — Air support in accordance with a program, planned in advance 

of operations. (JP 3-09.3) 

preplanned mission request — A request for an air strike on a target that can be 

anticipated sufficiently in advance to permit detailed mission coordination and 

planning. (JP 3-09.3) 

pre-position — To place military units, equipment, or supplies at or near the point of 

planned use or at a designated location to reduce reaction time, and to ensure timely 

support of a specific force during initial phases of an operation. (JP 4-0) 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, balance — That portion of the 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement that has not been acquired or funded. 

This level consists of the pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, less the prepositioned war reserve requirement, protectable. 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement, protectable — That portion of the 

pre-positioned war reserve materiel requirement that is protected for purposes of 

procurement, funding, and inventory management. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 245 

pre-positioned war reserve stock — The assets that are designated to satisfy the prepositioned war reserve materiel requirement. Also called PWRS. 

presail — The time prior to a ship getting under way used to prepare for at-sea events. 

(JP 3-04)

Presidential Call-up — Procedures by which the President brings all or a part of the Army 

National Guard or the Air National Guard to active federal service under Title 10, 

United States Code, Section 12406 and Chapter 15. See also active duty; federal 

service; Presidential Reserve Call-up. (JP 4-05) 

Presidential Reserve Call-up — Provision of a public law (Title 10, United States Code, 

Section 12304) that provides the President a means to activate, without a declaration of 

national emergency, not more than 200,000 members of the Selected Reserve and the 

Individual Ready Reserve (of whom not more than 30,000 may be members of the 

Individual Ready Reserve), for not more than 365 days to meet the requirements of any 

operational mission. Members called under this provision may not be used for disaster 

relief or to suppress insurrection. This authority has particular utility when used in 

circumstances in which the escalatory national or international signals of partial or full 

mobilization would be undesirable. Forces available under this authority can provide a 

tailored, limited-scope, deterrent, or operational response, or may be used as a 

precursor to any subsequent mobilization. Also called PRC. See also Individual 

Ready Reserve; mobilization; Presidential Call-up; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

pressure mine — 1. In land mine warfare, a mine whose fuse responds to the direct 

pressure of a target. 2. In naval mine warfare, a mine whose circuit responds to the 

hydrodynamic pressure field of a target. See also mine. (JP 3-15) 

prevention —In space usage, measures to preclude an adversary’s hostile use of United 

States or third-party space systems and services. Prevention can include diplomatic, 

economic, and political measures. See also space control. (JP 3-14) 

prevention of mutual interference — In submarine operations, procedures established to 

prevent submerged collisions between friendly submarines, between submarines and 

friendly surface ship towed bodies and arrays, and between submarines and any other 

hazards to submerged navigation (e.g., explosive detonations, research submersible 

operations, oil drilling rigs, etc.). (JP 3-32) 

preventive maintenance — The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of 

maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing 

for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before 

they occur or before they develop into major defects. (JP 4-02) 

preventive medicine — The anticipation, communication, prediction, identification, 

prevention, education, risk assessment, and control of communicable diseases, illnesses 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

246 JP 1-02 

and exposure to endemic, occupational, and environmental threats. Also called 

PVNTMED. (JP 4-02) 

primary agency — The federal department or agency assigned primary responsibility for 

managing and coordinating a specific emergency support function in the National 

Response Plan. (JP 3-28) 

primary control officer — In amphibious operations, the officer embarked in a primary 

control ship assigned to control the movement of landing craft, amphibious vehicles, 

and landing ships to and from a colored beach. Also called PCO. (JP 3-02) 

primary control ship — In amphibious operations, a ship of the task force designated to 

provide support for the primary control officer and a combat information center control 

team for a colored beach. Also called PCS. (JP 3-02) 

primary flight control — The controlling agency on aviation ships and amphibious 

aviation assault ships that is responsible for air traffic control of aircraft within 5 

nautical miles of the ship. On most Coast Guard cutters, primary flight control duties 

are performed by a combat information center, and the term “PRIFLY” is not used. 

Also called PRIFLY. See also amphibious aviation assault ship; aviation ship. 

 (JP 3-04)

primary review authority — The organization, within the lead agent's chain of command, 

that is assigned by the lead agent to perform the actions and coordination necessary to 

develop and maintain the assigned joint publication under the cognizance of the lead 

agent. Also called PRA. See also joint publication; lead agent. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

prime contract — A contract or contractual action entered into by the United States 

Government for the purpose of obtaining supplies, materials, equipment, or services of 

any kind. (JP 4-10)

prime vendor — A contracting process that provides commercial products to regionally 

grouped military and federal customers from commercial distributors using electronic 

commerce. Customers typically receive materiel delivery through the vendor’s 

commercial distribution system. Also called PV. See also distribution system. 

(JP 4-09) 

principal federal official — The federal official designated by the Secretary of Homeland 

Security to act as his/her representative locally to oversee, coordinate, and execute the 

Secretary’s incident management responsibilities under Homeland Security Presidential 

Directive 5. Also called PFO. (JP 3-41) 

principal items — End items and replacement assemblies of such importance that 

management techniques require centralized individual item management throughout the 

supply system, to include depot level, base level, and items in the hands of using units. 

These specifically include the items where, in the judgment of the Services, there is a 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 247 

need for central inventory control, including centralized computation of requirements, 

central procurement, central direction of distribution, and central knowledge and 

control of all assets owned by the Services. 

principal officer — The officer in charge of a diplomatic mission, consular office, or other 

Foreign Service post, such as a United States liaison office. (JP 3-08) 

priority designator — A two-digit issue and priority code (01 through 15) placed in 

military standard requisitioning and issue procedure requisitions. It is based upon a 

combination of factors that relate the mission of the requisitioner and the urgency of 

need or the end use and is used to provide a means of assigning relative rankings to 

competing demands placed on the Department of Defense supply system. 

priority intelligence requirement — An intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for 

intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or 

other aspects of the operational environment. Also called PIR. See also information 

requirements; intelligence; intelligence process; intelligence requirement. 

 (JP 2-01) 

prisoner of war — A detained person (as defined in Articles 4 and 5 of the Geneva 

Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War of August 12, 1949) who, 

while engaged in combat under orders of his or her government, is captured by the 

armed forces of the enemy. Also called POW or PW. (JP 3-50) 

prisoner of war camp — An installation established for the internment and administration 

of prisoners of war. 

private sector — An umbrella term that may be applied in the United States and in foreign 

countries to any or all of the nonpublic or commercial individuals and businesses, 

specified nonprofit organizations, most of academia and other scholastic institutions, 

and selected nongovernmental organizations. (JP 3-57)

privity of contract — The legal relationship that exists between two contracting parties, for 

example, between the government and the prime contractor (JP 4-10)

probability of damage — (*) The probability that damage will occur to a target expressed 

as a percentage or as a decimal. Also called PD.

probe — In information operations, any attempt to gather information about an automated 

information system or its on-line users. See also information operations; 

information system. (JP 3-13) 

procedural control — A method of airspace control which relies on a combination of 

previously agreed and promulgated orders and procedures. (JP 3-52) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

248 JP 1-02 

procedural identification — An identification based on observation and analysis of target 

behaviors including location and trajectory, as well as compliance with airspace control 

measures. (JP 3-01)

procedures — Standard, detailed steps that prescribe how to perform specific tasks. See 

also tactics; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

procedure word — A word or phrase limited to radio telephone procedure used to facilitate 

communication by conveying information in a condensed standard form. Also called

proword. (JP 3-09.3) 

processing — A system of operations designed to convert raw data into useful information. 

(JP 2-0) 

processing and exploitation — In intelligence usage, the conversion of collected 

information into forms suitable to the production of intelligence. See also intelligence 

process. (JP 2-01) 

process owner — The head of a Department of Defense component assigned a 

responsibility by the Secretary of Defense when process improvement involves more 

than one Military Service or Department of Defense component. (JP 4-0)

procurement lead time — The interval in time between the initiation of procurement 

action and receipt into the supply system of the production model (excludes prototypes) 

purchased as the result of such actions. It is composed of two elements, production 

lead time and administrative lead time. See also production lead time; receipt into 

the supply system. (JP 4-10)

procuring contracting officer — A contracting officer who initiates and signs the contract. 

Also called PCO. See also administrative contracting officer; contracting officer. 

(JP 4-10)

producer countries — In counterdrug operations, countries where naturally occurring 

plants such as coca, cannabis, or poppies are cultivated for later refinement into illicit 

drugs. See also counterdrug operations. (JP 3-07.4) 

production base — The total national industrial production capacity available for the 

manufacture of items to meet materiel requirements. (JP 4-05) 

production lead time — The time interval between the placement of a contract and receipt 

into the supply system of materiel purchased. Two entries are provided: a. initial — 

The time interval if the item is not under production as of the date of contract 

placement; and b. reorder — The time interval if the item is under production as of 

the date of contract placement. See also procurement lead time. (JP 4-10) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 249 

production logistics — That part of logistics concerning research, design, development, 

manufacture, and acceptance of materiel. In consequence, production logistics 

includes: standardization and interoperability, contracting, quality assurance, initial 

provisioning, transportability, reliability and defect analysis, safety standards, 

specifications and production processes, trials and testing (including provision of 

necessary facilities), equipment documentation, configuration control, and 

modifications. 

prohibited area — A specified area within the land areas of a state or its internal waters, 

archipelagic waters, or territorial sea adjacent thereto over which the flight of aircraft is 

prohibited. May also refer to land or sea areas to which access is prohibited. See also 

restricted area. (JP 3-52) 

proliferation — The transfer of weapons of mass destruction, related materials, technology, 

and expertise from suppliers to hostile state or non-state actors. (JP 3-40) 

proof — To verify that a breached lane is free of live mines by passing a mine roller or 

other mine-resistant vehicle through as the lead vehicle. (JP 3-15) 

propaganda — Any form of adversary communication, especially of a biased or 

misleading nature, designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behavior 

of any group in order to benefit the sponsor, either directly or indirectly. (JP 3-13.2) 

proper authority — An authority authorized to call an opposing force hostile; may be 

either the President, the Secretary of Defense, the affected combatant commander, 

and/or any commander so delegated by either the President, Secretary of Defense or the 

combatant commander. 

proper clearance — A clearance for entry of units into specified defense areas by civil or 

military authorities having responsibility for granting such clearance. 

property — 1. Anything that may be owned. 2. As used in the military establishment, this 

term is usually confined to tangible property, including real estate and materiel. For 

special purposes and as used in certain statutes, this term may exclude such items as the 

public domain, certain lands, certain categories of naval vessels, and records of the 

Federal Government. 

protected emblems — The red cross, red crescent, and other symbols that designate that 

persons, places, or equipment so marked have a protected status under the law of war. 

protected frequencies — Friendly, generally time-oriented, frequencies used for a 

particular operation, identified and protected to prevent them from being inadvertently 

jammed by friendly forces while active electronic warfare operations are directed 

against hostile forces. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

250 JP 1-02 

protected persons/places — Persons (such as enemy prisoners of war) and places (such as 

hospitals) that enjoy special protections under the law of war. They may or may not be 

marked with protected emblems. (JP 1-04) 

protection — 1. Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related 

military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and 

infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given 

operational area. (JP 3-0) 2. In space usage, active and passive defensive measures to 

ensure that United States and friendly space systems perform as designed by seeking to 

overcome an adversary’s attempts to negate them and to minimize damage if negation 

is attempted. See also mission-oriented protective posture; space control. (JP 3-14) 

protection of shipping — The use of proportionate force, when necessary for the protection 

of US flag vessels and aircraft, US citizens (whether embarked in US or foreign 

vessels), and their property against unlawful violence. (JP 3-0) 

protective clothing — (*) Clothing especially designed, fabricated, or treated to protect 

personnel against hazards caused by extreme changes in physical environment, 

dangerous working conditions, or enemy action. 

protective mask — A protective ensemble designed to protect the wearer’s face and eyes 

and prevent the breathing of air contaminated with chemical and/or biological agents. 

See also mission-oriented protective posture. (JP 3-11) 

protective minefield — 1. In land mine warfare, a minefield employed to assist a unit in its 

local, close-in protection. 2. In naval mine warfare, a minefield emplaced in friendly 

territorial waters to protect ports, harbors, anchorages, coasts, and coastal routes. See 

also minefield. (JP 3-15) 

provincial reconstruction team — An interim interagency organization designed to 

improve stability in a given area by helping build the legitimacy and effectiveness of a 

host nation local or provincial government in providing security to its citizens and 

delivering essential government services. Also called PRT. (JP 3-57)

proword — See procedure word.

proximity operations — In space operations, on-orbit activities of a resident space object 

that deliberately and necessarily maintains a close distance from another resident space 

object for a specific purpose. Two objects in space that pass each other by natural 

orbital mechanics (e.g., routine orbital conjunctions or close approaches) or Department 

of Defense space systems which are designated to utilize cluster or formation flight to 

maintain required proximity to provide required system functionality do not fall within 

this definition. (JP 3-14)

public affairs — Those public information, command information, and community 

engagement activities directed toward both the external and internal publics with 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 251 

interest in the Department of Defense. Also called PA. See also command 

information; public information. (JP 3-61) 

public affairs assessment — An analysis of the news media and public environments to 

evaluate the degree of understanding about strategic and operational objectives and 

military activities and to identify levels of public support. It includes judgments about 

the public affairs impact of pending decisions and recommendations about the structure 

of public affairs support for the assigned mission. See also assessment; public affairs. 

(JP 3-61) 

public affairs guidance — Constraints and restraints established by proper authority 

regarding public information, command information, and community relations 

activities. It may also address the method(s), timing, location, and other details 

governing the release of information to the public. Also called PAG. See also public 

affairs. (JP 3-61) 

public diplomacy — 1. Those overt international public information activities of the United 

States Government designed to promote United States foreign policy objectives by 

seeking to understand, inform, and influence foreign audiences and opinion makers, 

and by broadening the dialogue between American citizens and institutions and their 

counterparts abroad. 2. In peace building, civilian agency efforts to promote an 

understanding of the reconstruction efforts, rule of law, and civic responsibility through 

public affairs and international public diplomacy operations. (JP 3-07.3) 

public information — Within public affairs, that information of a military nature, the 

dissemination of which is consistent with security and approved for release. (JP 3-61) 

public key infrastructure — An enterprise-wide service that supports digital signatures 

and other public key-based security mechanisms for Department of Defense functional 

enterprise programs, including generation, production, distribution, control, and 

accounting of public key certificates. Also called PKI. (JP 2-03) 

purchasing office — Any installation or activity, or any division, office, branch, section, 

unit, or other organizational element of an installation or activity charged with the 

functions of procuring supplies or services. 

purposeful interference — In space operations, deliberate actions taken to deny or disrupt 

a space system, service, or capability. Purposeful interference threats include but are 

not limited to: mission uplink or downlink interference; command uplink interference; 

telemetry downlink jamming; positioning jamming; unauthorized access; information 

insertion; and signal probing. Also called PI. (JP 3-14)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

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Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

Q 

JP 1-02 253 

Q-route — A system of preplanned shipping lanes in mined or potentially mined waters 

used to minimize the area the mine countermeasures commander has to keep clear of 

mines in order to provide safe passage for friendly shipping. (JP 3-15) 

quadruple container — A quadruple container box 57.5inches x 96inches x 96inches with 

a metal frame, pallet base, and International Organization for Standardization corner 

fittings. Four of these boxes can be lashed together to form a 20-foot American 

National Standards Institute or International Organization for Standardization 

intermodal container. Also called QUADCON. (JP 4-09) 

qualifying entity — A non-governmental organization to which the Department of 

Defense may provide assistance for special events by virtue of statute, regulation, 

policy, or other approval by the Secretary of Defense or his or her authorized designee. 

(DODD 3025.18) 

quay — A structure of solid construction along a shore or bank that provides berthing and 

generally provides cargo-handling facilities. See also wharf. (JP 4-01.5) 

quick response force — A company-sized force providing responsive, mission-tailored, 

lightly armed ground units that can deploy on short notice, with minimal lift assets, and 

capable of providing immediate or emergency response. Also called QRF. (JP 3-27) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

254 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

R 

JP 1-02 255 

radar advisory — The term used to indicate that the provision of advice and information is 

based on radar observation. (JP 3-52) 

radar intelligence — Intelligence derived from data collected by radar. Also called

RADINT. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

radar picket — Any ship, aircraft, or vehicle, stationed at a distance from the force 

protected, and integrated into a common operational picture for the purpose of 

increasing the radar detection range. (JP 3-07.4) 

radial — A magnetic bearing extending from a very high frequency omni-range and/or 

tactical air navigation station. 

radiation dose — The total amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by material or tissues. 

See also exposure dose. (JP 3-11)

radiation dose rate — Measurement of radiation dose per unit of time. (JP 3-11) 

radiation exposure status — Criteria to assist the commander in measuring unit exposure 

to radiation based on total past cumulative dose, normally expressed in centigray. Also 

called RES. (JP 3-11) 

radio frequency countermeasures — Any device or technique employing radio frequency 

materials or technology that is intended to impair the effectiveness of enemy activity, 

particularly with respect to precision guided weapons and sensor systems. Also called 

RF CM. (JP 3-13.1) 

radiological dispersal device — An improvised assembly or process, other than a nuclear 

explosive device, designed to disseminate radioactive material in order to cause 

destruction, damage, or injury. Also called RDD. (JP 3-11) 

radiological exposure device — A radioactive source placed to cause injury or death. Also 

called RED. (JP 3-11)

raid — An operation to temporarily seize an area in order to secure information, confuse an 

adversary, capture personnel or equipment, or to destroy a capability culminating with a 

planned withdrawal. (JP 3-0) 

railhead — A point on a railway where loads are transferred between trains and other 

means of transport. (JP 4-09) 

range marker — (*) A single calibration blip fed onto the time base of a radial display. 

The rotation of the time base shows the single blips as a circle on the plan position 

indicator scope. It may be used to measure range. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

256 JP 1-02 

range markers — Two upright markers that may be lighted at night and placed so that, 

when aligned, the direction indicated assists in piloting. They may be used in 

amphibious operations to aid in beaching landing ships or craft. 

Rangers — Rapidly deployable airborne light infantry organized and trained to conduct 

highly complex joint direct action operations in coordination with or in support of other 

special operations units of all Services. (JP 3-05) 

rapid and precise response — Rapid and precise response is the ability of the defense 

supply chain to meet the constantly changing needs of the joint force. (JP 4-0)

Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineer. Air Force 

units wartime-structured to provide a heavy engineer capability that are mobile, rapidly 

deployable, and largely self-sufficient for limited periods of time. Also called RED 

HORSE. (JP 3-34) 

rapid global mobility — The timely movement, positioning, and sustainment of 

military forces and capabilities across the range of military operations. See also 

mobility. (JP 3-17) 

rapid response force — A battalion minus-sized force providing responsive, missiontailored, lightly armed ground units that can deploy on short notice, with minimal lift 

assets, and capable of providing immediate or emergency response. Also called RRF. 

(JP 3-27) 

ratification — 1. The declaration by which a nation formally accepts, with our without 

reservation, the content of a standardization agreement. 2. The process of approving an 

unauthorized commitment by an official who has the authority to do so. See also 

implementation; subscription; unauthorized commitment. (JP 4-10)

rationalization — Any action that increases the effectiveness of allied forces through more 

efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the alliance. 

Rationalization includes consolidation, reassignment of national priorities to higher 

alliance needs, standardization, specialization, mutual support or improved 

interoperability, and greater cooperation. Rationalization applies to both weapons 

and/or materiel resources and non-weapons military matters. (JP 4-08) 

R-day — See times.

reachback — The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or forces, or 

equipment, or material from organizations that are not forward deployed. (JP 3-30) 

readiness — The ability of United States military forces to fight and meet the demands of 

the national military strategy. Readiness is the synthesis of two distinct but interrelated 

levels. a. unit readiness — The ability to provide capabilities required by the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 257 

combatant commanders to execute their assigned missions. This is derived from the 

ability of each unit to deliver the outputs for which it was designed. b. joint readiness

— The combatant commander’s ability to integrate and synchronize ready combat and 

support forces to execute his or her assigned missions. See also National Military 

Strategy. 

readiness condition — See operational readiness.

Ready Reserve — The Selected Reserve, Individual Ready Reserve, and Inactive National 

Guard liable for active duty as prescribed by law (Title 10, United States Code, 

Sections 10142, 12301, and 12302). See also active duty; Inactive National Guard; 

Individual Ready Reserve; Selected Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

ready-to-load date — The date when a unit will be ready to move from the origin, i.e., 

mobilization station. Also called RLD. (JP 5-0) 

reallocation authority — (*) The authority given to NATO commanders and normally 

negotiated in peacetime, to reallocate in an “emergency in war” national logistic 

resources controlled by the combat forces under their command, and made available by 

nations, in order to influence the battle logistically. 

real property — Lands, buildings, structures, utilities systems, improvements, and 

appurtenances, thereto that includes equipment attached to and made part of buildings 

and structures, but not movable equipment. JP 3-34 

rear area operations center/rear tactical operations center — A command and control 

facility that serves as an area and/or subarea commander’s planning, coordinating, 

monitoring, advising, and directing agency for area security operations. (JP 3-10) 

rearming — 1. An operation that replenishes the prescribed stores of ammunition, bombs, 

and other armament items for an aircraft, naval ship, tank, or armored vehicle 

(including replacement of defective ordnance equipment) in order to make it ready for 

combat service. 2. Resetting the fuze on a bomb or on an artillery, mortar, or rocket 

projectile so that it will detonate at the desired time. 

reattack recommendation — An assessment, derived from the results of battle damage 

assessment and munitions effectiveness assessment, providing the commander 

systematic advice on reattack of targets and further target selection to achieve 

objectives. The reattack recommendation considers objective achievement, target, and 

aimpoint selection, attack timing, tactics, and weapon system and munitions selection. 

The reattack recommendation is a combined operations and intelligence function. Also 

called RR. See also assessment; battle damage assessment; munitions effectiveness 

assessment; target. (JP 3-60) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

258 JP 1-02 

receipt into the supply system — That point in time when the first item or first quantity of 

the item of the contract has been received at or is en route to point of first delivery after 

inspection and acceptance. See also procurement lead time. (JP 4-10) 

receiving ship — The ship in a replenishment unit that receives the rig(s). (JP 4-03) 

reception — 1. All ground arrangements connected with the delivery and disposition of air 

or sea drops. Includes selection and preparation of site, signals for warning and 

approach, facilitation of secure departure of agents, speedy collection of delivered 

articles, and their prompt removal to storage places having maximum security. When a 

group is involved, it may be called a reception committee. 2. Arrangements to 

welcome and provide secure quarters or transportation for defectors, escapees, evaders, 

or incoming agents. 3. The process of receiving, offloading, marshalling, and 

transporting of personnel, equipment, and materiel from the strategic and/or intratheater 

deployment phase to a sea, air, or surface transportation point of debarkation to the 

marshalling area. (JP 3-35) 

recognition — 1. The determination by any means of the individuality of persons, or of 

objects such as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or of phenomena such as communicationselectronics patterns. 2. In ground combat operations, the determination that an object is 

similar within a category of something already known. (JP 3-01) 

recognition signal — Any prearranged signal by which individuals or units may identify 

each other. (JP 3-50) 

reconnaissance — A mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection 

methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to 

secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics 

of a particular area. Also called RECON. (JP 2-0) 

recovery — 1. In air (aviation) operations, that phase of a mission that involves the return of 

an aircraft to a land base or platform afloat. (JP 3-52) 2. The retrieval of a mine from 

the location where emplaced. (JP 3-15) 3. In personnel recovery, actions taken to 

physically gain custody of isolated personnel and return them to friendly control. (JP 3-

50) 4. Actions taken to extricate damaged or disabled equipment for return to friendly 

control or repair at another location. See also evader; evasion; recovery force. 

 (JP 3-34) 

recovery and reconstitution — 1. Those actions taken by one nation prior to, during, and 

following an attack by an enemy nation to minimize the effects of the attack, 

rehabilitate the national economy, provide for the welfare of the populace, and 

maximize the combat potential of remaining forces and supporting activities. 2. Those 

actions taken by a military force during or after operational employment to restore its 

combat capability to full operational readiness. See also recovery. (JP 3-35) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 259 

recovery force — In personnel recovery, an organization consisting of personnel and 

equipment with a mission of locating, supporting, and recovering isolated personnel, 

and returning them to friendly control. See also evader; evasion; recovery 

operations. (JP 3-50) 

recovery mechanism — Designated indigenous or surrogate infrastructure that is 

specifically developed, trained, and directed by US forces to contact, authenticate, 

support, move, and exfiltrate designated isolated personnel from uncertain or hostile 

areas back to friendly control. Also called RM. (JP 3-50) 

recovery operations — Operations conducted to search for, locate, identify, recover, and 

return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to 

national security. (JP 3-50) 

recovery site — In personnel recovery, an area from which isolated personnel can be 

recovered. See also escapee; evader; evasion. (JP 3-50) 

recovery team — In personnel recovery, designated US or US-directed forces, who are 

specifically trained to operate in conjunction with indigenous or surrogate forces, and 

are tasked to contact, authenticate, support, move, and exfiltrate isolated personnel. 

Also called RT. (JP 3-50) 

recovery vehicle — In personnel recovery, the vehicle on which isolated personnel are 

boarded and transported from the recovery site. (JP 3-50) 

recovery zone — A designated geographic area from which special operations forces can 

be extracted by air, boat, or other means. Also called RZ. (JP 3-05.1) 

redeployment — The transfer of forces and materiel to support another joint force 

commander’s operational requirements, or to return personnel, equipment, and materiel 

to the home and/or demobilization stations for reintegration and/or out-processing. See 

also deployment. (JP 3-35) 

redistribution — The utilization of logistic resources after Transfer of Authority necessary 

for the fulfillment of the commander’s combat missions. The logistic resources are 

designated in peacetime and will become assigned to the NATO commander in crisis 

and conflict. (JP 4-08) 

red team — An organizational element comprised of trained and educated members that 

provide an independent capability to fully explore alternatives in plans and operations 

in the context of the operational environment and from the perspective of adversaries 

and others. (JP 2-0) 

reduced charge — 1. The smaller of the two propelling charges available for naval guns. 2. 

Charge employing a reduced amount of propellant to fire a gun at short ranges as 

compared to a normal charge. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

260 JP 1-02 

reduced operating status — Military Sealift Command ships withdrawn from full 

operating status because of decreased operational requirements. Also called ROS. See 

also Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2) 

reduction — The creation of lanes through a minefield or obstacle to allow passage of the 

attacking ground force. (JP 3-15) 

refraction — The process by which the direction of a wave is changed when moving into 

shallow water at an angle to the bathymetric contours. The crest of the wave advancing 

in shallower water moves more slowly than the crest still advancing in deeper water, 

causing the wave crest to bend toward alignment with the underwater contours. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

refugee — A person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of 

race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, 

is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is 

unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country. See also 

dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee; expellee; stateless person. (JP 3-29) 

regimental landing team — A task organization for landing composed of an infantry 

regiment reinforced by those elements that are required for initiation of its combat 

function ashore. (JP 3-02) 

regional air defense commander — Commander, subordinate to the area air defense 

commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned regionand 

exercises authorities as delegated by the area air defense commander. Also called 

RADC. (JP 3-01) 

regional liaison group — A combined Department of State-Department of Defense 

element collocated with a combatant command for the purpose of coordinating post 

emergency evacuation plans. Also called RLG. (JP 3-68) 

regional response coordination center — A standing facility that is activated to coordinate 

regional response efforts, until a joint field office is established and/or the principal 

federal official, federal or coordinating officer can assume their National Response Plan 

coordination responsibilities. Also called RRCC. (JP 3-28) 

regional satellite communications support center — United States Strategic Command 

operational element responsible for providing the operational communications planners 

with a single all-spectrum (extremely high frequency, super-high frequency, ultrahigh 

frequency, Ku, and Ka) point of contact for accessing and managing satellite 

communications (SATCOM) resources. Specific tasks include: supporting combatant 

commanders’ deliberate and crisis planning, assisting combatant commanders in dayto-day management of apportioned resources and allocating non-apportioned resources, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 261 

assisting theater spectrum managers, and facilitating SATCOM interface to the defense 

information infrastructure. Also called RSSC.

regional security officer — A security officer responsible to the chief of mission 

(ambassador), for security functions of all US embassies and consulates in a given 

country or group of adjacent countries. Also called RSO. (JP 3-10) 

regulating point — An anchorage, port, or ocean area to which assault and assault followon echelons and follow-up shipping proceed on a schedule, and at which they are 

normally controlled by the commander, amphibious task force, until needed in the 

transport area for unloading. See also assault; commander, amphibious task force. 

(JP 3-02) 

regulating station — A command agency established to control all movements of 

personnel and supplies into or out of a given area. 

rehabilitative care — Therapy that provides evaluations and treatment programs using 

exercises, massage, or electrical therapeutic treatment to restore, reinforce, or enhance 

motor performance and restores patients to functional health allowing for their return to 

duty or discharge from the Service. Also called restorative care. See also patient 

movement policy; theater. (JP 4-02) 

rehearsal phase — In amphibious operations, the period during which the prospective 

operation is practiced for the purpose of: (1) testing adequacy of plans, the timing of 

detailed operations, and the combat readiness of participating forces; (2) ensuring that 

all echelons are familiar with plans; and (3) testing communications-information 

systems. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

reinforcing obstacles — Those obstacles specifically constructed, emplaced, or detonated 

through military effort and designed to strengthen existing terrain to disrupt, fix, turn, 

or block enemy movement. See also obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

reintegrate — In personnel recovery, the task of conducting appropriate debriefings and 

reintegrating recovered isolated personnel back to duty and their family. (JP 3-50) 

release altitude — Altitude of an aircraft above the ground at the time of release of bombs, 

rockets, missiles, tow targets, etc. 

relief in place — An operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part of a 

unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit and the responsibilities of the replaced 

elements for the mission and the assigned zone of operations are transferred to the 

incoming unit. (JP 3-07.3) 

religious advisement — The practice of informing the commander on the impact of 

religion on joint operations to include, but not limited to: worship, rituals, customs and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

262 JP 1-02 

practices of US military personnel, international forces, and the indigenous population. 

(JP 1-05) 

religious affairs — The combination of religious support and religious advisement. 

(JP 1-05)

religious support — Chaplain facilitated free exercise of religion through worship, 

religious and pastoral counseling services, ceremonial honors for the dead, crisis 

intervention, and advice to the commander on matters pertaining to morals, ethics, and 

morale as affected by religion. Also called RS. See also combatant command 

chaplain; command chaplain; religious support plan; religious support team. 

 (JP 1-05) 

religious support plan — A plan that describes how religious support will be provided to 

all members of a joint force. When approved by the commander, it may be included as 

an annex to an operation plan. Also called RSP. See also combatant command 

chaplain; command chaplain; religious support; religious support team. (JP 1-05)

religious support team — A team that is composed of at least one chaplain and one 

enlisted support person. Religious support teams assigned at Joint Staff and combatant 

command level may be from different Services; those assigned at joint task force and 

below are normally from the same Service. The team works together in designing, 

implementing, and executing the command religious program. Also called RST. See 

also combatant command chaplain; command chaplain; religious support; 

religious support plan. (JP 1-05) 

remain-behind equipment — Unit equipment left by deploying forces at their bases when 

they deploy. (JP 4-05) 

render safe procedures — The portion of the explosive ordnance disposal procedures 

involving the application of special explosive ordnance disposal methods and tools to 

provide for the interruption of functions or separation of essential components of 

unexploded explosive ordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation. (JP 3-15.1) 

rendezvous area — In an amphibious operation, the area in which the landing craft and 

amphibious vehicles rendezvous to form waves after being loaded, and prior to 

movement to the line of departure. (JP 3-02) 

reorder point — 1. That point at which time a stock replenishment requisition would be 

submitted to maintain the predetermined or calculated stockage objective. 2. The sum 

of the safety level of supply plus the level for order and shipping time equals the 

reorder point. 

repair — The restoration of an item to serviceable condition through correction of a specific 

failure or unserviceable condition. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 263 

repairable item — An item that can be reconditioned or economically repaired for reuse 

when it becomes unserviceable. (JP 4-09) 

repair cycle — The stages through which a repairable item passes from the time of its 

removal or replacement until it is reinstalled or placed in stock in a serviceable 

condition. (JP 4-09) 

repatriate — A person who returns to his or her country or citizenship, having left said 

native country either against his or her will, or as one of a group who left for reason of 

politics, religion, or other pertinent reasons. 

repatriation — 1. The procedure whereby American citizens and their families are 

officially processed back into the United States subsequent to an evacuation. See also 

evacuation. (JP 3-68) 2. The release and return of enemy prisoners of war to their 

own country in accordance with the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the 

Treatment of Prisoners of War. (JP 1-0) 

reportable incident — Any suspected or alleged violation of Department of Defense policy 

or of other related orders, policies, procedures or applicable law, for which there is 

credible information. (JP 3-63) 

request for assistance — A request based on mission requirements and expressed in terms 

of desired outcome, formally asking the Department of Defense to provide assistance to 

a local, state, tribal, or other federal agency. Also called RFA. (JP 3-28) 

request for information — 1. Any specific time-sensitive ad hoc requirement for 

intelligence information or products to support an ongoing crisis or operation not 

necessarily related to standing requirements or scheduled intelligence production. A 

request for information can be initiated to respond to operational requirements and will 

be validated in accordance with the combatant command’s procedures. 2. The National 

Security Agency/Central Security Service uses this term to state ad hoc signals 

intelligence requirements. Also called RFI. See also intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

required delivery date — The date that a force must arrive at the destination and complete 

unloading. Also called RDD. (JP 5-0) 

requirements management system — A system for the management of theater and 

national imagery collection requirements that provides automated tools for users in 

support of submission, review, and validation of imagery nominations as requirements 

to be tasked on national or Department of Defense imagery collection, production, and 

exploitation resources. Also called RMS. See also imagery. (JP 2-01) 

requiring activity — A military or other designated supported organization that identifies 

and receives contracted support during military operations. See also supported unit. 

(JP 4-10)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

264 JP 1-02 

requisitioning objective — The maximum quantities of materiel to be maintained on hand 

and on order to sustain current operations. It will consist of the sum of stocks 

represented by the operating level, safety level, and the order and shipping time or 

procurement lead time, as appropriate. 

rescue combat air patrol — An aircraft patrol provided over that portion of an objective 

area in which recovery operations are being conducted for the purpose of intercepting 

and destroying hostile aircraft. Also called RESCAP. See also combat air patrol. 

(JP 3-50) 

rescue coordination center — A unit, recognized by International Civil Aviation 

Organization, International Maritime Organization, or other cognizant international 

body, responsible for promoting efficient organization of search and rescue services 

and coordinating the conduct of search and rescue operations within a search and 

rescue region. Also called RCC. (JP 3-50)

reserve — 1. Portion of a body of troops that is kept to the rear, or withheld from action at 

the beginning of an engagement, in order to be available for a decisive movement. 2. 

Members of the Military Services who are not in active service but who are subject to 

call to active duty. 3. Portion of an appropriation or contract authorization held or set 

aside for future operations or contingencies and, in respect to which, administrative 

authorization to incur commitments or obligations has been withheld. See also

operational reserve. 

Reserve Component — The Armed Forces of the United States Reserve Component 

consists of: a. the Army National Guard of the United States; b. the Army Reserve; c. 

the Navy Reserve; d. the Marine Corps Reserve; e. the Air National Guard of the 

United States; f. the Air Force Reserve; and g. the Coast Guard Reserve. Also called 

RC. See also component; reserve. (JP 4-05) 

Reserve Component category — The category that identifies an individual’s status in the 

Reserve Component. The three Reserve Component categories are Ready Reserve, 

Standby Reserve, and Retired Reserve. Each reservist is identified by a specific 

Reserve Component category designation. (JP 4-05) 

reserved obstacles — Those demolition obstacles that are deemed critical to the plan for 

which the authority to detonate is reserved by the designating commander. See also

obstacle. (JP 3-15) 

resettled person — A refugee or an internally displaced person wishing to return 

somewhere other than his or her previous home or land within the country or area of 

original displacement. (JP 3-29) 

residual forces — Unexpended portions of the remaining United States forces that have an 

immediate combat potential for continued military operations, and that have been 

deliberately withheld from utilization. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 265 

residual radiation — Nuclear radiation caused by fallout, artificial dispersion of 

radioactive material, or irradiation which results from a nuclear explosion and persists 

longer than one minute after burst. See also contamination; initial radiation. 

(JP 3-11)

resistance movement — An organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a 

country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to 

disrupt civil order and stability. (JP 3-05) 

resource management — A financial management function that provides advice and 

guidance to the commander to develop command resource requirements. Also called 

RM. See also financial management. (JP 1-06) 

resources — The forces, materiel, and other assets or capabilities apportioned or allocated 

to the commander of a unified or specified command. 

response force — A mobile force with appropriate fire support designated, usually by the 

area commander, to deal with Level II threats in the operational area. Also called RF. 

(JP 3-10) 

responsibility — 1. The obligation to carry forward an assigned task to a successful 

conclusion. With responsibility goes authority to direct and take the necessary action to 

ensure success. 2. The obligation for the proper custody, care, and safekeeping of 

property or funds entrusted to the possession or supervision of an individual. See also

accountability.

rest and recuperation — The withdrawal of individuals from combat or duty in a combat 

area for short periods of rest and recuperation. Also called R&R. (JP 1-0) 

restraint — In the context of joint operation planning, a requirement placed on the 

command by a higher command that prohibits an action, thus restricting freedom of 

action. See also constraint; operational limitation. (JP 5-0) 

restricted area — 1. An area (land, sea, or air) in which there are special restrictive 

measures employed to prevent or minimize interference between friendly forces. 2. An 

area under military jurisdiction in which special security measures are employed to 

prevent unauthorized entry. See also controlled firing area; restricted areas (air).

restricted areas (air) — Designated areas established by appropriate authority over which 

flight of aircraft is restricted. They are shown on aeronautical charts, published in 

notices to airmen, and provided in publications of aids to air navigation. See also

restricted area. (JP 3-52) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

266 JP 1-02 

restricted items list — A document listing those logistic goods and services for which 

nations must coordinate any contracting activity with a commander’s centralized 

contracting organization. (JP 4-08) 

restricted operations area — Airspace of defined dimensions, designated by the airspace 

control authority, in response to specific operational situations/requirements within 

which the operation of one or more airspace users is restricted. Also called ROA. 

(JP 3-52) 

restricted reporting — Reporting option that allows sexual assault victims to confidentially 

disclose the assault to specified individual and receive medical treatment without 

triggering an official investigation. (JP 1-0)

restricted target list — A list of restricted targets nominated by elements of the joint force 

and approved by the joint force commander. This list also includes restricted targets 

directed by higher authorities. Also called RTL. See also restricted target; target. 

(JP 3-60) 

restricted target — A valid target that has specific restrictions placed on the actions 

authorized against it due to operational considerations. See also target. (JP 3-60) 

restrictive fire area — An area in which specific restrictions are imposed and into which 

fires that exceed those restrictions will not be delivered without coordination with the 

establishing headquarters. Also called RFA. See also fires. (JP 3-09) 

restrictive fire line — A line established between converging friendly surface forces that 

prohibits fires or their effects across that line. Also called RFL. See also fires. 

 (JP 3-09) 

resupply — The act of replenishing stocks in order to maintain required levels of supply. 

(JP 4-09) 

resuscitative care — Advanced emergency medical treatment required to prevent 

immediate loss of life or limb and to attain stabilization to ensure the patient could 

tolerate evacuation. (JP 4-02) 

retained personnel — Enemy medical personnel and medical staff administrators who are 

engaged in either the search for, collection, transport, or treatment of the wounded or 

sick, or the prevention of disease; chaplains attached to enemy armed forces; and, staff 

of National Red Cross Societies and that of other volunteer aid societies, duly 

recognized and authorized by their governments to assist medical service personnel of 

their own armed forces, provided they are exclusively engaged in the search for, or the 

collection, transport or treatment of wounded or sick, or in the prevention of disease, 

and provided that the staff of such societies are subject to military laws and regulations. 

Also called RP. See also personnel. (JP 3-63) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 267 

Retired Reserve — All Reserve members who receive retirement pay on the basis of their 

active duty and/or Reserve service; those members who are otherwise eligible for 

retirement pay but have not reached age 60 and who have not elected discharge and are 

not voluntary members of the Ready or Standby Reserve. See also active duty; Ready 

Reserve; Standby Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

retrograde — The process for the movement of non-unit equipment and materiel from a 

forward location to a reset (replenishment, repair, or recapitalization) program or to 

another directed area of operations to replenish unit stocks, or to satisfy stock 

requirements. (JP 4-09) 

returned to military control — The status of a person whose casualty status of “duty status 

- whereabouts unknown” or “missing” has been changed due to the person’s return or 

recovery by US military authority. Also called RMC. 

returnee — A displaced person who has returned voluntarily to his or her former place of 

residence. (JP 3-29)

return to base — An order to proceed to the point indicated by the displayed information or 

by verbal communication. Also called RTB. (JP 3-01) 

revolving fund account — An account authorized by specific provisions of law to finance a 

continuing cycle of business-type operations, and which are authorized to incur 

obligations and expenditures that generate receipts. (JP 1-06) 

riot control agent — Any chemical, not listed in a schedule of the Convention on the 

Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical 

Weapons and on their Destruction which can produce rapidly in humans sensory 

irritation or disabling physical effects which disappear within a short time following 

termination of exposure. Also called RCA. See also chemical warfare. (JP 3-11)

rising mine — In naval mine warfare, a mine having positive buoyancy which is released 

from a sinker by a ship influence or by a timing device. (JP 3-15) 

risk — Probability and severity of loss linked to hazards. See also hazard; risk 

management. (JP 5-0) 

risk assessment — The identification and assessment of hazards (first two steps of risk 

management process). Also called RA. (JP 3-07.2) 

risk management — The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising 

from operational factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission 

benefits. Also called RM. See also risk. (JP 3-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

268 JP 1-02 

riverine area — An inland or coastal area comprising both land and water, characterized by 

limited land lines of communication, with extensive water surface and/or inland 

waterways that provide natural routes for surface transportation and communications. 

riverine operations — Operations conducted by forces organized to cope with and exploit 

the unique characteristics of a riverine area, to locate and destroy hostile forces, and/or 

to achieve or maintain control of the riverine area. Joint riverine operations combine 

land, naval, and air operations, as appropriate, and are suited to the nature of the 

specific riverine area in which operations are to be conducted. 

road net — The system of roads available within a particular locality or area. (JP 4-01.5) 

role specialist nation — A nation that has agreed to assume responsibility for providing a 

particular class of supply or service for all or part of the multinational force. Also 

called RSN. See also lead nation; multinational force. (JP 4-08) 

roll-on/roll-off discharge facility — Provides a means of disembarking vehicles from a 

roll-on and roll-off ship to lighterage. The roll-on/roll-off discharge facility consists of 

six causeway sections, nonpowered assembled into a platform that is two sections long 

and three sections wide. When use of landing craft, utility, as lighters, is being 

considered, a seventh “sea end” causeway section, non-powered, fitted with a rhino 

horn, is required. The roll-on/roll-off discharge facility assembly includes fendering, 

lighting, and a ramp for vehicle movement from ship to the platform. Also called 

RRDF. See also facility; lighterage. (JP 4-01.6) 

rough terrain container handler — A piece of materials handling equipment used to pick 

up and move containers. Also called RTCH. See also materials handling 

equipment. (JP 4-01.6) 

route classification — Classification assigned to a route using factors of minimum width, 

worst route type, least bridge, raft, or culvert military load classification, and 

obstructions to traffic flow. (JP 3-34) 

rules for the use of force — Directives issued to guide United States forces on the use of 

force during various operations. These directives may take the form of execute orders, 

deployment orders, memoranda of agreement, or plans. Also called RUF. (JP 3-28) 

rules of engagement — Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the 

circumstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or 

continue combat engagement with other forces encountered. Also called ROE. See 

also law of war. (JP 1-04) 

ruse — In military deception, a trick of war designed to deceive the adversary, usually 

involving the deliberate exposure of false information to the adversary’s intelligence 

collection system. (JP 3-13.4) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

S 

JP 1-02 269 

sabotage — An act or acts with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national 

defense of a country by willfully injuring or destroying, or attempting to injure or 

destroy, any national defense or war materiel, premises, or utilities, to include human 

and natural resources. (JP 2-01.2) 

safe area — A designated area in hostile territory that offers the evader or escapee a 

reasonable chance of avoiding capture and of surviving until he or she can be 

evacuated. (JP 3-50) 

safe haven — 1. Designated area(s) to which noncombatants of the United States 

Government’s responsibility and commercial vehicles and materiel may be evacuated 

during a domestic or other valid emergency. (JP 3-68) 2. Temporary storage provided 

to Department of Energy classified shipment transporters at Department of Defense 

facilities in order to assure safety and security of nuclear material and/or nonnuclear 

classified material. Also includes parking for commercial vehicles containing Class A 

or Class B explosives. (JP 4-01.6) 3. A protected body of water or the well deck of an 

amphibious ship used by small craft operating offshore for refuge from storms or heavy 

seas. (JP 4-01.6) 

safe house — An innocent-appearing house or premises established by an organization for 

the purpose of conducting clandestine or covert activity in relative security. (JP 3-07.2) 

safing — As applied to weapons and ammunition, the changing from a state of readiness for 

initiation to a safe condition. Also called de-arming. 

salvage — 1. Property that has some value in excess of its basic material content but is in 

such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit and its 

repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impractical. 2. The saving or rescuing 

of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein for 

reuse, refabrication, or scrapping. 

salvage operation — 1. The recovery, evacuation, and reclamation of damaged, discarded, 

condemned, or abandoned allied or enemy materiel, ships, craft, and floating equipment 

for reuse, repair, refabrication, or scrapping. 2. Naval salvage operations include 

harbor and channel clearance, diving, hazardous towing and rescue tug services, and 

the recovery of materiel, ships, craft, and floating equipment sunk offshore or 

elsewhere stranded. 

salvo — 1. In naval gunfire support, a method of fire in which a number of weapons are 

fired at the same target simultaneously. 2. In close air support or air interdiction 

operations, a method of delivery in which the release mechanisms are operated to 

release or fire all ordnance of a specific type simultaneously. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

270 JP 1-02 

sanction enforcement — Operations that employ coercive measures to control the 

movement of certain types of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area. 

(JP 3-0) 

scheduled target — Planned target upon which fires or other actions are scheduled for 

prosecution at a specified time. See also planned target; target. (JP 3-60) 

scheduled wave — See wave.

schedule of fire — Groups of fires or series of fires fired in a definite sequence according to 

a definite program. The time of starting the schedule may be on call. For identification 

purposes, schedules may be referred to by a code name or other designation. (JP 3-09) 

schedule of targets — In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, individual targets, 

groups, or series of targets to be fired on, in a definite sequence according to a definite 

program. 

scheme of maneuver — The central expression of the commander’s concept for operations 

that governs the design of supporting plans or annexes of how arrayed forces will 

accomplish the mission. (JP 5-0) 

scientific and technical intelligence — The product resulting from the collection, 

evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign scientific and technical information 

that covers: a. foreign developments in basic and applied research and in applied 

engineering techniques; and b. scientific and technical characteristics, capabilities, and 

limitations of all foreign military systems, weapons, weapon systems, and materiel; the 

research and development related thereto; and the production methods employed for 

their manufacture. Also called S&TI. See also intelligence; technical intelligence. 

(JP 2-01) 

screening — In intelligence, the evaluation of an individual or a group of individuals to 

determine their potential to answer collection requirements or to identify individuals 

who match a predetermined source profile coupled with the process of identifying and 

assessing the areas of knowledge, cooperation, and possible approach techniques for an 

individual who has information of intelligence value. (JP 2-01.2) 

S-Day — See times.

sea areas — Areas in the amphibious objective area designated for the stationing of 

amphibious task force ships. Sea areas include inner transport area, sea echelon area, 

fire support area, etc. See also amphibious objective area; fire support area; inner 

transport area; sea echelon area. (JP 3-02) 

sea barge — A type of barge-ship that can carry up to 38 loaded barges and also carry tugs, 

stacked causeway sections, various watercraft, or heavy lift equipment to better support 

joint logistics over-the-shore operations. Also called SEABEE. (JP 4-01.2)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 271 

seabasing — The deployment, assembly, command projection, reconstitution, and reemployment of joint power from the sea without reliance on land bases within the 

operational area. See also amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

sea control operations — The employment of naval forces, supported by land and air 

forces as appropriate, in order to achieve military objectives in vital sea areas. Such 

operations include destruction of enemy naval forces, suppression of enemy sea 

commerce, protection of vital sea lanes, and establishment of local military superiority 

in areas of naval operations. See also land control operations. (JP 3-32) 

sea echelon — A portion of the assault shipping which withdraws from or remains out of 

the transport area during an amphibious landing and operates in designated areas to 

seaward in an on-call or unscheduled status. (JP 3-02) 

sea echelon area — In amphibious operations, an area to seaward of a transport area from 

which assault shipping is phased into the transport area, and to which assault shipping 

withdraws from the transport area. (JP 3-02) 

sea echelon plan — In amphibious operations, the distribution plan for amphibious 

shipping in the transport area to minimize losses due to enemy attack by weapons of 

mass destruction and to reduce the area to be swept of mines. See also amphibious 

operation. (JP 3-02) 

SEAL delivery vehicle team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and 

equipped to conduct special operations with SEAL delivery vehicles, dry deck shelters, 

and other submersible platforms. (JP 3-05) 

sealift enhancement features — Special equipment and modifications that adapt merchanttype dry cargo ships and tankers to specific military missions. Also called SEFs. See 

also Military Sealift Command; Ready Reserve. (JP 4-01.2) 

SEAL team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct 

special operations with an emphasis on maritime, coastal, and riverine environments. 

(JP 3-05)

seaport — A land facility designated for reception of personnel or materiel moved by sea, 

and that serves as an authorized port of entrance into or departure from the country in 

which located. See also port of debarkation; port of embarkation. (JP 4-01.2) 

search — A systematic reconnaissance of a defined area, so that all parts of the area have 

passed within visibility. (JP 3-50) 

search and rescue — The use of aircraft, surface craft, submarines, and specialized rescue 

teams and equipment to search for and rescue distressed persons on land or at sea in a 

permissive environment. Also called SAR. See also combat search and rescue; 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

272 JP 1-02 

isolated personnel; joint personnel recovery center; personnel recovery 

coordination cell. (JP 3-50) 

search and rescue numerical encryption grid — A predesignated ten-letter word without 

repeated letters used exclusively by recovery forces or isolated personnel to encrypt 

numerical data such as position, time, headings, etc., in a covert manner. Also called 

SARNEG. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue point — A predesignated specific location, relative to which isolated 

personnel provide their position to recovery forces. Also called SARDOT. (JP 3-50)

search and rescue region — An area of defined dimensions, recognized by the 

International Civil Aviation Organization, International Maritime Organization, or 

other cognizant international body, and associated with a rescue coordination center 

within which search and rescue services are provided. See also inland search and 

rescue region. (JP 3-50) 

SEASHED — A temporary deck in container ships for transport of large military vehicles 

and outsized breakbulk cargo that will not fit into containers. See also outsized cargo. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

sea state — A scale that categorizes the force of progressively higher seas by wave height. 

This scale is mathematically co-related to the Pierson-Moskowitz scale and the 

relationship of wind to waves. See also Pierson-Moskowitz scale. (JP 4-01.6) 

sea surveillance — (*) The systematic observation of surface and subsurface sea areas by 

all available and practicable means primarily for the purpose of locating, identifying 

and determining the movements of ships, submarines, and other vehicles, friendly and 

enemy, proceeding on or under the surface of the world’s seas and oceans. See also

surveillance.

seaward launch point — A designated point off the coast from which special operations 

forces will launch to proceed to the beach to conduct operations. Also called SLP. See 

also seaward recovery point. (JP 3-05.1) 

seaward recovery point — A designated point off the coast to which special operations 

forces will proceed for recovery by submarine or other means of recovery. Also called

SRP. See also seaward launch point. (JP 3-05.1) 

secondary loads — Unit equipment, supplies, and major end items that are transported in 

the beds of organic vehicles. 

secondary wave breaker system — A series of waves superimposed on another series and 

differing in height, period, or angle of approach to the beach. (JP 4-01.6) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 273 

secret — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the 

national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. 

(EO 13526) 

Secretary of a Military Department — The Secretary of the Air Force, Army, or Navy. 

SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network — The worldwide SECRET-level packet 

switch network that uses high-speed internet protocol routers and high-capacity 

Defense Information Systems Network circuitry. Also called SIPRNET. See also 

Defense Information Systems Network. (JP 6-0) 

section — 1. As applied to ships or naval aircraft, a tactical subdivision of a division. 2. A 

subdivision of an office, installation, territory, works, or organization; especially a 

major subdivision of a staff. 3. A tactical unit of the Army and Marine Corps smaller 

than a platoon and larger than a squad. 4. An area in a warehouse extending from one 

wall to the next; usually the largest subdivision of one floor. (JP 3-33) 

sector air defense commander — Commander subordinate to an area/regional air defense 

commander, who is responsible for air and missile defenses in the assigned sector and 

exercises authorities delegated by the area/regional air defense commander. Also 

called SADC. (JP 3-01) 

security — 1. Measures taken by a military unit, activity, or installation to protect itself 

against all acts designed to, or which may, impair its effectiveness. (JP 3-10) 2. A 

condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures 

that ensure a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. (JP 3-10) 3. With 

respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from 

having access to official information that is safeguarded in the interests of national 

security. See also national security. (JP 2-0) 

security assistance — Group of programs authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of 

1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act of 1976, as amended, or other 

related statutes by which the United States provides defense articles, military training, 

and other defense-related services by grant, loan, credit, or cash sales in furtherance of 

national policies and objectives. Security assistance is an element of security 

cooperation funded and authorized by Department of State to be administered by 

Department of Defense/Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Also called SA. See 

also security cooperation. (JP 3-22) 

security classification — A category to which national security information and material is 

assigned to denote the degree of damage that unauthorized disclosure would cause to 

national defense or foreign relations of the United States and to denote the degree of 

protection required. There are three such categories: top secret, secret, and 

confidential. See also classification; security. (EO 13526)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

274 JP 1-02 

security clearance — An administrative determination by competent authority that an 

individual is eligible for access to classified information. (JP 1-0) 

security cooperation — All Department of Defense interactions with foreign defense 

establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security 

interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and 

multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency 

access to a host nation. Also called SC. See also security assistance. (JP 3-22) 

security cooperation organization — All Department of Defense elements located in a 

foreign country with assigned responsibilities for carrying out security 

assistance/cooperation management functions. It includes military assistance 

advisory groups, military missions and groups, offices of defense and military 

cooperation, liaison groups, and defense attaché personnel designated to perform 

security assistance/cooperation functions. Also called SCO. (JP 3-22)

security countermeasures — Those protective activities required to prevent espionage, 

sabotage, theft, or unauthorized use of classified or controlled information, systems, or 

material of the Department of Defense. See also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

security force assistance — The Department of Defense activities that contribute to unified 

action by the US Government to support the development of the capacity and capability 

of foreign security forces and their supporting institutions. Also called SFA. (JP 3-22)

security forces — Duly constituted military, paramilitary, police, and constabulary forces of 

a state. (JP 3-22)

security review — The process of reviewing information and products prior to public 

release to ensure the material will not jeopardize ongoing or future operations. See 

also security. (JP 3-61) 

security sector reform — A comprehensive set of programs and activities undertaken to 

improve the way a host nation provides safety, security, and justice. Also called SSR. 

(JP 3-07) 

security service — Entity or component of a foreign government charged with 

responsibility for counterespionage or internal security functions. (JP 2-01.2) 

sedition — Willfully advocating or teaching the duty or necessity of overthrowing the US 

government or any political subdivision by force or violence. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

segregation — In detainee operations, the removal of a detainee from other detainees and 

their environment for legitimate purposes unrelated to interrogation, such as when 

necessary for the movement, health, safety, and/or security of the detainee, the 

detention facility, or its personnel. (JP 3-63)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 275 

seize — To employ combat forces to occupy physically and to control a designated area. 

(JP 3-18) 

seizures — In counterdrug operations, includes drugs and conveyances seized by law 

enforcement authorities and drug-related assets (monetary instruments, etc.) confiscated 

based on evidence that they have been derived from or used in illegal narcotics 

activities. See also counterdrug operations; law enforcement agency. (JP 3-07.4) 

Selected Reserve — Those units and individuals within the Ready Reserve designated by 

their respective Services and approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff as so essential to 

initial wartime missions that they have priority over all other Reserves. Selected 

Reservists actively participate in a Reserve Component training program. The Selected 

Reserve also includes persons performing initial active duty for training. See also 

Ready Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

selective identification feature — A capability that, when added to the basic identification 

friend or foe system, provides the means to transmit, receive, and display selected 

coded replies. (JP 3-52) 

selective loading — The arrangement and stowage of equipment and supplies aboard ship 

in a manner designed to facilitate issues to units. (JP 3-02.1) 

selective mobilization — See mobilization, Part 2.

selective off-loading — The capability to access and off-load vehicles, supplies, and 

equipment without having to conduct a major reconfiguration or total off-load; 

influenced by the number and types of ships allocated, and the space made available for 

the embarkation of the landing force. (JP 3-02.1) 

selective unloading — In an amphibious operation, the controlled unloading from assault 

shipping, and movement ashore, of specific items of cargo at the request of the landing 

force commander. Normally, selective unloading parallels the landing of nonscheduled 

units during the initial unloading period of the ship-to-shore movement. (JP 3-02) 

senior airfield authority — An individual designated by the joint force commander to be 

responsible for the control, operation, and maintenance of an airfield to include the 

runways, associated taxiways, parking ramps, land, and facilities whose proximity 

directly affects airfield operations. Also called SAA. (JP 3-17) 

senior contracting official — The lead Service or joint command designated contracting 

official who has direct managerial responsibility over theater support contracting. Also 

called SCO. (JP 4-10)

senior meteorological and oceanographic officer — Meteorological and oceanographic 

officer responsible for assisting the combatant commander and staff in developing and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

276 JP 1-02 

executing operational meteorological and oceanographic service concepts in support of 

a designated joint force. Also called SMO. See also meteorological and 

oceanographic. (JP 3-59) 

sensitive — An agency, installation, person, position, document, material, or activity 

requiring special protection from disclosure that could cause embarrassment, 

compromise, or threat to the security of the sponsoring power. (JP 2-01) 

sensitive compartmented information — All information and materials bearing special 

community controls indicating restricted handling within present and future community 

intelligence collection programs and their end products for which community systems 

of compartmentation have been or will be formally established. (These controls are 

over and above the provisions of DOD 5200.1-R, Information Security Program 

Regulation.) Also called SCI. (JP 2-01) 

sensitive compartmented information facility — An accredited area, room, group of 

rooms, or installation where sensitive compartmented information may be stored, used, 

discussed, and/or electronically processed, where procedural and physical measures 

prevent the free access of persons unless they have been formally indoctrinated for the 

particular sensitive compartmented information authorized for use or storage within the 

sensitive compartmented information facility. Also called SCIF. See also sensitive 

compartmented information. (JP 2-01) 

sensitive site — A geographically limited area that contains, but is not limited to, adversary 

information systems, war crimes sites, critical government facilities, and areas 

suspected of containing high value targets. (JP 3-31) 

sequel — The subsequent major operation or phase based on the possible outcomes 

(success, stalemate, or defeat) of the current major operation or phase. See also 

branch. (JP 5-0) 

serial — 1. An element or a group of elements within a series which is given a numerical or 

alphabetical designation for convenience in planning, scheduling, and control. 2. A 

serial can be a group of people, vehicles, equipment, or supplies and is used in airborne, 

air assault, amphibious operations, and convoys. (JP 3-02) 

serial assignment table — A table that is used in amphibious operations and shows the 

serial number, the title of the unit, the approximate number of personnel; the material, 

vehicles, or equipment in the serial; the number and type of landing craft and/or 

amphibious vehicles required to boat the serial; and the ship on which the serial is 

embarked. (JP 3-02) 

service ammunition — Ammunition intended for combat rather than for training purposes. 

Service-common — Equipment, material, supplies, and services adopted by a Military 

Service for use by its own forces and activities. These include standard military items, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 277 

base operating support, and the supplies and services provided by a Military Service to 

support and sustain its own forces, including those assigned to the combatant 

commands. Items and services defined as Service-common by one Military Service are 

not necessarily Service-common for all other Military Services. See also special 

operations-peculiar. (JP 3-05) 

Service component command — A command consisting of the Service component 

commander and all those Service forces, such as individuals, units, detachments, 

organizations, and installations under that command, including the support forces that 

have been assigned to a combatant command or further assigned to a subordinate 

unified command or joint task force. See also component; functional component 

command. (JP 1) 

service group — A major naval administration and/or tactical organization, consisting of 

the commander and the staff, designed to exercise operational and administrative 

control of assigned squadrons and units in executing their tasks of providing logistic 

support of fleet operations. 

Service-organic transportation assets — Transportation assets that are: a. Assigned to a 

Military Department for functions of the Secretaries of the Military Departments set 

forth in Title 10 of the United States Code, Sections 3013(b), 5013(b), and 8013(b), 

including administrative functions (such as motor pools), intelligence functions, 

training functions, and maintenance functions; b. Assigned to the Department of the 

Army for the execution of the missions of the Army Corps of Engineers; c. Assigned to 

the Department of the Navy as the special mission support force of missile range 

instrumentation ships, ocean survey ships, cable ships, oceanographic research ships, 

acoustic research ships, and naval test support ships; the naval fleet auxiliary force of 

fleet ammunition ships, fleet stores ships, fleet ocean tugs, and fleet oilers; hospital 

ships; and Navy-unique fleet essential airlift aircraft to provide delivery of passengers 

and/or cargo from forward Air Mobility Command channel hubs to mobile fleet units; 

Marine Corps intermediate maintenance activity ships, Marine Corps helicopter support 

to senior federal officials; and, prior to the complete discharge of cargo, maritime prepositioning ships; d. Assigned to the Department of the Air Force for search and rescue, 

weather reconnaissance, audiovisual services, and aeromedical evacuation functions, 

and transportation of senior federal officials. (JP 4-01) 

service squadron — An administrative and/or tactical subdivision of a naval service force 

or service group, consisting of the commander and the staff and organized to exercise 

operational and administrative control of assigned units in providing logistic support of 

fleet units as directed. 

service troops — Those units designed to render supply, maintenance, transportation, 

evacuation, hospitalization, and other services required by air and ground combat units 

to carry out effectively their mission in combat. See also combat service support 

elements.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

278 JP 1-02 

Service-unique container — Any 20- or 40-foot International Organization for 

Standardization container procured or leased by a Service to meet Service-unique 

requirements. Also called component-owned container. See also common-use 

container; component-owned container. (JP 4-09) 

servicing — See common servicing; cross-servicing; joint servicing. See also interService support.

sexual assault forensic examination kit — The medical and forensic examination kit used 

to ensure controlled procedures and safekeeping of any bodily specimens in a sexual 

assault case. Also called SAFE kit. (JP 1-0)

sexual assault prevention and response program — A Department of Defense program 

for the Military Departments and Department of Defense components that establishes 

sexual assault prevention and response policies to be implemented worldwide. Also 

called SAPR program. (JP 1-0) 

sexual assault response coordinator — The single point of contact at an installation or 

within a geographic area who overseas sexual assault awareness, prevention, and 

response. Also called SARC. (JP 1-0)

shelter — An International Organization for Standardization container outfitted with liveor work-in capability. See also International Organization for Standardization. 

 (JP 4-09) 

shielding — (*) 1. Material of suitable thickness and physical characteristics used to protect 

personnel from radiation during the manufacture, handling, and transportation of 

fissionable and radioactive materials. 2. Obstructions which tend to protect personnel 

or materials from the effects of a nuclear explosion. 

shifting fire — Fire delivered at constant range at varying deflections; used to cover the 

width of a target that is too great to be covered by an open sheaf. 

ship-to-shore movement — That portion of the action phase of an amphibious operation 

which includes the deployment of the landing force from the assault shipping to 

designated landing areas. (JP 3-02) 

shoal — A sandbank or bar that makes water shoal; i.e., a sand-bank that is not rocky and 

on which there is a water depth of 6 fathoms or less. (JP 4-01.6) 

shore fire control party — A specially trained unit for control of naval gunfire in support 

of troops ashore. It consists of a spotting team to adjust fire and a naval gunfire liaison 

team to perform liaison functions for the supported battalion commander. Also called 

SFCP.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 279 

shore party — A task organization of the landing force, formed for the purpose of 

facilitating the landing and movement off the beaches of troops, equipment, and 

supplies; for the evacuation from the beaches of casualties and enemy prisoners of war; 

and for facilitating the beaching, retraction, and salvaging of landing ships and craft. It 

comprises elements of both the naval and landing forces. Also called beach group. 

See also beachmaster unit; beach party; naval beach group. (JP 3-02) 

shortfall — The lack of forces, equipment, personnel, materiel, or capability, reflected as 

the difference between the resources identified as a plan requirement and those 

apportioned to a combatant commander for planning, that would adversely affect the 

command’s ability to accomplish its mission. (JP 5-0) 

short-range air defense engagement zone — In air defense, that airspace of defined 

dimensions within which the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests 

with short-range air defense weapons and may be established within a low- or highaltitude missile engagement zone. Also called SHORADEZ. (JP 3-01) 

short-range ballistic missile — A land-based ballistic missile with a range capability up to 

about 600 nautical miles. Also called SRBM. (JP 3-01)

short supply — An item is in short supply when the total of stock on hand and anticipated 

receipts during a given period are less than the total estimated demand during that 

period. 

short takeoff and landing — (*) The ability of an aircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) 

obstacle within 1,500 feet (450 meters) of commencing takeoff or in landing, to stop 

within 1,500 feet (450 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15 meters) obstacle. Also 

called STOL.

short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft — (*) Fixed-wing aircraft capable of clearing 

a 15-meter (50-foot) obstacle within 450 meters (1,500 feet) of commencing takeoff 

run, and capable of landing vertically. Also called STOVL. See also short takeoff 

and landing. 

short title — A short, identifying combination of letters, and/or numbers assigned to a 

document or device for purposes of brevity and/or security. (JP 2-01) 

show of force — An operation designed to demonstrate US resolve that involves increased 

visibility of US deployed forces in an attempt to defuse a specific situation that, if 

allowed to continue, may be detrimental to US interests or national objectives. (JP 3-0) 

side-looking airborne radar — (*) An airborne radar, viewing at right angles to the axis 

of the vehicle, which produces a presentation of terrain or moving targets. Also called 

SLAR. 
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280 JP 1-02 

signal operating instructions — A series of orders issued for technical control and 

coordination of the signal communication activities of a command. In Marine Corps 

usage, these instructions are designated communication operation instructions. (JP 6-0) 

signal security — A generic term that includes both communications security and 

electronics security. See also security. (JP 3-13.3) 

signals intelligence — 1. A category of intelligence comprising either individually or in 

combination all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign 

instrumentation signals intelligence, however transmitted. 2. Intelligence derived from 

communications, electronic, and foreign instrumentation signals. Also called SIGINT. 

See also communications intelligence; electronic intelligence; foreign 

instrumentation signals intelligence; intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

signals intelligence operational control — The authoritative direction of signals 

intelligence activities, including tasking and allocation of effort, and the authoritative 

prescription of those uniform techniques and standards by which signals intelligence 

information is collected, processed, and reported. (JP 2-01) 

signals intelligence operational tasking authority — A military commander’s authority to 

operationally direct and levy signals intelligence requirements on designated signals 

intelligence resources; includes authority to deploy and redeploy all or part of the 

signals intelligence resources for which signals intelligence operational tasking 

authority has been delegated. Also called SOTA. (JP 2-01) 

significant wave height — The average height of the third of waves observed during a 

given period of time. Significant wave height is used for evaluating the impact of 

waves and breakers on watercraft in the open sea and surf zones. See also surf zone. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

Silver Triangle — The South American region consisting of Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia 

that is historically known to be a major illegal drug production area. (JP 3-07.4) 

simultaneous engagement — The concurrent engagement of hostile targets by combination 

of interceptor aircraft and surface-to-air missiles. (JP 3-01) 

single-anchor leg mooring — A mooring facility dedicated to the offshore petroleum 

discharge system. Once installed, it permits a tanker to remain on station and pump in 

much higher sea states than is possible with a spread moor. Also called SALM. See 

also offshore petroleum discharge system. (JP 4-01.6) 

single integrated theater logistic manager — Service component or agency, usually in a 

mature theater, that is designated by the combatant commander or subunified 

commander as the single in-theater manager for planning and execution of a specific 

common-user logistic (CUL) item or related items. Single integrated logistic managers 

are normally long-term in nature with responsibilities that include planning, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 281 

coordination, control, and execution of a specific CUL function (or similar CUL 

functions) at the theater level, in both peacetime and during actual operations, within 

the parameters of combatant commander’s directives. Also called SITLM. See also 

agency. (JP 4-07) 

single manager— A Military Department or Agency designated by the Secretary of 

Defense to be responsible for management of specified commodities or common 

service activities on a Department of Defense-wide basis. (JP 4-01) 

single manager for transportation — The United States Transportation Command is the 

Department of Defense single manager for transportation, other than Service-organic or 

theater-assigned transportation assets. See also Service-organic transportation 

assets; theater-assigned transportation assets; United States Transportation 

Command. (JP 4-01) 

single port manager — The transportation component, designated by the Department of 

Defense through the US Transportation Command, responsible for management of all 

common-user aerial and seaports worldwide. Also called SPM. See also Surface 

Deployment and Distribution Command; transportation component command; 

United States Transportation Command. (JP 4-01.5) 

single-service manager — A Service component commander who is assigned the 

responsibility and delegated the authority to coordinate and/or perform specified 

personnel support or personnel service support functions in the theater of operations. 

See also component. (JP 1-0) 

site exploitation — A series of activities to recognize, collect, process, preserve, and 

analyze information, personnel, and/or materiel found during the conduct of operations. 

Also called SE. (JP 3-31) 

situation report — A report giving the situation in the area of a reporting unit or formation. 

Also called SITREP. (JP 3-50) 

situation template — A depiction of assumed adversary dispositions, based on that 

adversary’s preferred method of operations and the impact of the operational 

environment if the adversary should adopt a particular course of action. See also 

adversary template; course of action. (JP 2-01.3) 

618th Tanker Airlift Control Center — The Air Mobility Command direct reporting unit 

responsible for tasking and controlling operational missions for all activities involving 

forces supporting US Transportation Command’s global air mobility mission. The 

Tanker Airlift Control Center is comprised of the following functions: current 

operations, command and control, logistic operations, aerial port operations, 

aeromedical evacuation, flight planning, diplomatic clearances, and weather. Also 

called 618th TACC. See also Air Mobility Command. (JP 3-17) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

282 JP 1-02 

slice — An average logistic planning factor used to obtain estimates of requirements for 

personnel and materiel. (e.g., a personnel slice generally consists of the total strength 

of the stated basic combatant elements, plus its proportionate share of all supporting 

and higher headquarters personnel.) 

small arms — Man portable, individual, and crew-served weapon systems used mainly 

against personnel and lightly armored or unarmored equipment. 

small arms ammunition — Ammunition for small arms, i.e., all ammunition up to and 

including 20 millimeters (.787 inches). 

sociocultural factors — The social, cultural, and behavioral factors characterizing the 

relationships and activities of the population of a specific region or operational 

environment. (JP 2-01.3)

solatium — Monetary compensation given in areas where it is culturally appropriate to 

alleviate grief, suffering, and anxiety resulting from injuries, death, and property loss 

with a monetary payment. (JP 1-06) 

sortie — In air operations, an operational flight by one aircraft. (JP 3-30) 

sortie allotment message — The means by which the joint force commander allots excess 

sorties to meet requirements of subordinate commanders that are expressed in their air 

employment and/or allocation plan. Also called SORTIEALOT. (JP 3-30) 

sorting — In counterdrug operations, the process involved in differentiating traffic which 

could be involved in drug trafficking from legitimate air traffic. See also counterdrug 

operations. (JP 3-07.4) 

source — 1. A person, thing, or activity from which information is obtained. 2. In 

clandestine activities, a person (agent), normally a foreign national, in the employ of an 

intelligence activity for intelligence purposes. 3. In interrogation activities, any person 

who furnishes information, either with or without the knowledge that the information is 

being used for intelligence purposes. See also agent; collection agency. (JP 2-01) 

source management — The process of registering and monitoring the use of sources 

involved in counterintelligence and human intelligence operations to protect the 

security of the operations and avoid conflicts among operational elements. (JP 2-01.2) 

source registry — A source record/catalogue of leads and sources acquired by collectors 

and centralized for management, coordination and deconfliction of source operations. 

(JP 2-01.2) 

space — A medium like the land, sea, and air within which military activities shall be 

conducted to achieve US national security objectives. (JP 3-14) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 283 

space asset — Any individual part of a space system as follows. (1) Equipment that is or can 

be placed in space (e.g., a satellite or a launch vehicle). (2) Terrestrially-based equipment 

that directly supports space activity (e.g., a satellite ground station). (JP 3-14) 

space assignment — An assignment to the individual Departments/Services by the 

appropriate transportation operating agency of movement capability which completely 

or partially satisfies the stated requirements of the Departments/Services for the 

operating month and that has been accepted by them without the necessity for referral 

to the Joint Transportation Board for allocation. 

space-based infrared system — A consolidated system for infrared space, air, and 

terrestrial surveillance and reconnaissance along with associated communications links, 

designed to meet missile defense, missile warning and intelligence, surveillance, and 

reconnaissance mission requirements. Also called SBIRS. (JP 3-01)

space capability — 1. The ability of a space asset to accomplish a mission. 2. The ability 

of a terrestrial-based asset to accomplish a mission in space (e.g., a ground-based or 

airborne laser capable of negating a satellite). See also space; space asset. (JP 3-14) 

space control — Operations to ensure freedom of action in space for the US and its allies 

and, when directed, deny an adversary freedom of action in space. The space control 

mission area includes: operations conducted to protect friendly space capabilities from 

attack, interference, or unintentional hazards (defensive space control); operations to 

deny an adversary’s use of space capabilities (offensive space control); supported by 

the requisite current and predictive knowledge of the space environment and the 

operational environment upon which space operations depend (space situational 

awareness). See also combat service support; combat support; negation; space; 

space systems. (JP 3-14) 

space coordinating authority — A commander responsible for coordinating joint space 

operations and integrating space capabilities in the operational area. Also called SCA. 

(JP 3-14)

space environment — The environment corresponding to the space domain, where 

electromagnetic radiation, charged particles, and electric and magnetic fields are the 

dominant physical influences, and that encompasses the earth’s ionosphere and 

magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and the solar atmosphere. See also ionosphere. 

(JP 3-59)

space force application — Combat operations in, through, and from space to influence the 

course and outcome of conflict. The space force application mission area includes 

ballistic missile defense and force projection. See also ballistic missile; force 

protection; space. (JP 3-14) 

space force enhancement — Combat support operations and force-multiplying capabilities 

delivered from space systems to improve the effectiveness of military forces as well as 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

284 JP 1-02 

support other intelligence, civil, and commercial users. The space force enhancement 

mission area includes: intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; integrated tactical 

warning and attack assessment; command, control, and communications; positioning, 

navigation, and timing; and environmental monitoring. See also combat support; 

space. (JP 3-14) 

space forces — The space and terrestrial systems, equipment, facilities, organizations, and 

personnel necessary to access, use and, if directed, control space for national security. 

See also national security; space; space systems. (JP 3-14) 

space power — The total strength of a nation’s capabilities to conduct and influence activities 

to, in, through, and from space to achieve its objectives. See also space. (JP 3-14) 

space sensor — An instrument or mechanical device mounted on a space platform or space 

vehicle for collecting information or detecting activity or conditions either in space or 

in a terrestrial medium. See also space. (JP 3-14) 

space situational awareness — The requisite current and predictive knowledge of the 

space environment and the operational environment upon which space operations 

depend — including physical, virtual, and human domains — as well as all factors, 

activities, and events of friendly and adversary space forces across the spectrum of 

conflict. (JP 3-14)

space superiority — The degree of dominance in space of one force over another that 

permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, maritime, air, 

space, and special operations forces at a given time and place without prohibitive 

interference by the opposing force. See also space. (JP 3-14) 

space support — Operations to deploy and sustain military and intelligence systems in 

space. The space support mission area includes launching and deploying space 

vehicles, maintaining and sustaining spacecraft on-orbit, rendezvous and proximity 

operations, disposing of (including deorbiting and recovering) space capabilities, and 

reconstitution of space forces, if required. See also combat service support; space. 

(JP 3-14) 

space surveillance — The observation of space and of the activities occurring in space. 

This mission is normally accomplished with the aid of ground-based radars and electrooptical sensors. This term is separate and distinct from the intelligence collection 

mission conducted by space-based sensors which surveil terrestrial activity. See also 

space; space control. (JP 3-14) 

space systems — All of the devices and organizations forming the space network. These 

consist of: spacecraft; mission packages(s); ground stations; data links among 

spacecraft, mission or user terminals, which may include initial reception, processing, 

and exploitation; launch systems; and directly related supporting infrastructure, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 285 

including space surveillance and battle management and/or command and control. See 

also space. (JP 3-14) 

space weather — The conditions and phenomena in space and specifically in the near-Earth 

environment that may affect space assets or space operations. Space weather may 

impact spacecraft and ground-based systems. Space weather is influenced by 

phenomena such as solar flare activity, ionospheric variability, energetic particle 

events, and geophysical events. See also space; space asset. (JP 3-14) 

special access program — A sensitive program, approved in writing by a head of agency 

with original top secret classification authority, that imposes need-to-know and access 

controls beyond those normally provided for access to confidential, secret, or top secret 

information. The level of controls is based on the criticality of the program and the 

assessed hostile intelligence threat. The program may be an acquisition program, an 

intelligence program, or an operations and support program. Also called SAP. 

(JP 3-05.1) 

special actions — Those functions that due to particular sensitivities, compartmentation, or 

caveats cannot be conducted in normal staff channels and therefore require 

extraordinary processes and procedures and may involve the use of sensitive 

capabilities. (JP 3-05.1) 

special air operation — An air operation conducted in support of special operations and 

other clandestine, covert, and psychological activities. (JP 3-05.1) 

special assignment airlift requirements — Airlift requirements, including Chairman of the 

Joint Chiefs of Staff -directed or -coordinated exercises, that require special 

consideration due to the number of passengers involved, weight or size of cargo, 

urgency of movement, sensitivity, or other valid factors that preclude the use of channel 

airlift. See also airlift requirement; channel airlift.

special boat squadron — A permanent Navy echelon III major command to which two or 

more special boat units are assigned for some operational and all administrative 

purposes. The squadron is tasked with the training and deployment of these special 

boat units and may augment naval special warfare task groups and task units. Also 

called SBS. (JP 3-05.1) 

special boat team — United States Navy forces organized, trained, and equipped to 

conduct or support special operations with combatant craft and other small craft. Also 

called SBT. (JP 3-05) 

special cargo — Cargo that requires special handling or protection, such as pyrotechnics, 

detonators, watches, and precision instruments. (JP 4-01.5) 

special event — An international or domestic event, contest, activity, or meeting, which by 

its very nature, or by specific statutory or regulatory authority, may warrant security, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

286 JP 1-02 

safety, and/or other logistical support or assistance from the Department of Defense. 

(DODD 3025.18) 

special events for homeland security — Those special events designated as having an 

impact on homeland security. Also called SEHS. (JP 3-28) 

special forces — US Army forces organized, trained, and equipped to conduct special 

operations with an emphasis on unconventional warfare capabilities. Also called SF. 

(JP 3-05) 

special forces group — The largest Army combat element for special operations consisting 

of command and control, special forces battalions, and a support battalion capable of 

long duration missions. Also called SFG. (JP 3-05) 

special information operations — Information operations that by their sensitive nature and 

due to their potential effect or impact, security requirements, or risk to the national 

security of the United States, require a special review and approval process. Also called 

SIO. See also information operations; operation. (JP 3-13) 

specialization — An arrangement within an alliance wherein a member or group of 

members most suited by virtue of technical skills, location, or other qualifications 

assume(s) greater responsibility for a specific task or significant portion thereof for one 

or more other members. 

special mission unit — A generic term to represent a group of operations and support 

personnel from designated organizations that is task-organized to perform highly 

classified activities. Also called SMU. (JP 3-05.1) 

special operations — Operations requiring unique modes of employment, tactical 

techniques, equipment and training often conducted in hostile, denied, or politically 

sensitive environments and characterized by one or more of the following: time 

sensitive, clandestine, low visibility, conducted with and/or through indigenous forces, 

requiring regional expertise, and/or a high degree of risk. Also called SO. (JP 3-05) 

special operations combat control team — A team of Air Force personnel organized, 

trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Under clandestine, 

covert, or low-visibility conditions, these teams establish and control air assault zones; 

assist aircraft by verbal control, positioning, and operating navigation aids; conduct 

limited offensive direct action and special reconnaissance operations; and assist in the 

insertion and extraction of special operations forces. Also called SOCCT. See also

combat control team. (JP 3-05.1) 

special operations command — A subordinate unified or other joint command established 

by a joint force commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special 

operations within the joint force commander’s assigned operational area. Also called 

SOC. See also special operations. (JP 3-05) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 287 

special operations command and control element — A special operations element that is 

the focal point for the synchronization of special operations forces activities with 

conventional forces activities. Also called SOCCE. See also command and control; 

joint force special operations component commander; special operations; special 

operations forces. (JP 3-05) 

special operations forces — Those Active and Reserve Component forces of the Military 

Services designated by the Secretary of Defense and specifically organized, trained, 

and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Also called SOF. See also 

Air Force special operations forces; Army special operations forces; naval special 

warfare forces. (JP 3-05.1) 

special operations liaison element — A special operations liaison team provided by the 

joint force special operations component commander to the joint force air component 

commander (if designated), or appropriate Service component air command and control 

organization, to coordinate, deconflict, and integrate special operations air, surface, and 

subsurface operations with conventional air operations. Also called SOLE. See also 

joint force air component commander; joint force special operations component 

commander; special operations. (JP 3-05) 

special operations mission planning folder — The package that contains the materials 

required to execute a given special operations mission. It will include the mission 

tasking letter, mission tasking package, original feasibility assessment (as desired), 

initial assessment (as desired), target intelligence package, plan of execution, 

infiltration and exfiltration plan of execution, and other documentation as required or 

desired. Also called SOMPF. (JP 3-05.1) 

special operations naval mobile environment team — A team of Navy personnel 

organized, trained, and equipped to support naval special warfare forces by providing 

weather, oceanographic, mapping, charting, and geodesy support. Also called

SONMET. (JP 3-05.1) 

special operations-peculiar — Equipment, material, supplies, and services required for 

special operations missions for which there is no Service-common requirement. Also 

called SO-peculiar. See also Service-common; special operations. (JP 3-05) 

special operations weather team — A task organized team of Air Force personnel 

organized, trained, and equipped to collect critical environmental information from data 

sparse areas. Also called SOWT. (JP 3-05) 

special operations wing — An Air Force special operations wing. Also called SOW. 

(JP 3-05.1) 

special reconnaissance — Reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special 

operation in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

288 JP 1-02 

information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not 

normally found in conventional forces. Also called SR. (JP 3-05) 

special staff — All staff officers having duties at a headquarters and not included in the 

general (coordinating) staff group or in the personal staff group. The special staff 

includes certain technical specialists and heads of services, e.g., quartermaster officer, 

antiaircraft officer, transportation officer, etc. 

special tactics team — An Air Force task-organized element of special tactics that may 

include combat control, pararescue, tactical air control party, and special operations 

weather personnel. Also called STT. See also combat search and rescue; special 

operations; special operations forces; terminal attack control. (JP 3-05) 

specified combatant command — See specified command. (JP 1) 

specified command — A command that has a broad, continuing mission, normally 

functional, and is established and so designated by the President through the Secretary 

of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 

It normally is composed of forces from a single Military Department. Also called

specified combatant command. (JP 1) 

specified task — In the context of joint operation planning, a task that is specifically 

assigned to an organization by its higher headquarters. See also essential task; 

implied task. (JP 5-0) 

split-mission oriented protective posture — The concept of maintaining heightened 

protective posture only in those areas (or zones) that are contaminated, allowing 

personnel in uncontaminated areas to continue to operate in a reduced posture. Also 

called split-MOPP. (JP 3-11)

spoke — The portion of the hub and spoke distribution system that refers to transportation 

mode operators responsible for scheduled delivery to a customer of the “hub”. See also 

distribution; distribution system; hub; hub and spoke distribution. (JP 4-09)

spot — 1. To determine by observation, deviations of ordnance from the target for the 

purpose of supplying necessary information for the adjustment of fire. 2. To place in a 

proper location. 3. An approved shipboard helicopter landing site. See also ordnance. 

(JP 3-04) 

spot net — Radio communication net used by a spotter in calling fire. 

spot report — A concise narrative report of essential information covering events or 

conditions that may have an immediate and significant effect on current planning and 

operations that is afforded the most expeditious means of transmission consistent with 

requisite security. Also called SPOTREP. (Note: In reconnaissance and surveillance 

usage, spot report is not to be used.) (JP 3-09.3)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 289 

spotter — 1. An observer stationed for the purpose of observing and reporting results of 

naval gunfire to the firing agency and who also may be employed in designating 

targets. See also naval gunfire spotting team. (JP 3-09) 2. In intelligence, an agent 

or illegal assigned to locate and assess individuals in positions of value to an 

intelligence service. (JP 2-01.2) 

spotting — Parking aircraft in an approved shipboard landing site. (JP 3-04)

spreader bar — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of 

containers or vehicles and breakbulk cargo. (JP 4-01.6) 

squadron — 1. An organization consisting of two or more divisions of ships, or two or 

more divisions (Navy) or flights of aircraft. It is normally but not necessarily 

composed of ships or aircraft of the same type. 2. The basic administrative aviation 

unit of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. 3. Battalion-sized ground or 

aviation units in US Army cavalry regiments. 

stability operations — An overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, 

and activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other 

instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, 

provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and 

humanitarian relief. (JP 3-0) 

stabilized patient — A patient whose airway is secured, hemorrhage is controlled, shock 

treated, and fractures are immobilized. (JP 4-02) 

stable patient — A patient for whom no inflight medical intervention is expected but the 

potential for medical intervention exists. (JP 4-02) 

staff judge advocate — A judge advocate so designated in the Army, Air Force, or Marine 

Corps, and the principal legal advisor of a Navy, Coast Guard, or joint force command 

who is a judge advocate. Also called SJA. (JP 1-04) 

staged crews — Aircrews specifically positioned at intermediate airfields to take over 

aircraft operating on air routes, thus relieving complementary crews of flying fatigue 

and speeding up the flow rate of the aircraft concerned. 

staging — Assembling, holding, and organizing arriving personnel, equipment, and 

sustaining materiel in preparation for onward movement. The organizing and 

preparation for movement of personnel, equipment, and materiel at designated areas to 

incrementally build forces capable of meeting the operational commander’s 

requirements. See also staging area. (JP 3-35) 

staging area — 1. Amphibious or airborne — A general locality between the mounting 

area and the objective of an amphibious or airborne expedition, through which the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

290 JP 1-02 

expedition or parts thereof pass after mounting, for refueling, regrouping of ships, 

and/or exercise, inspection, and redistribution of troops. 2. Other movements — A 

general locality established for the concentration of troop units and transient personnel 

between movements over the lines of communications. Also called SA. See also 

airborne; marshalling; staging. (JP 3-35) 

staging base — 1. An advanced naval base for the anchoring, fueling, and refitting of 

transports and cargo ships as well as replenishment of mobile service squadrons. 2. A 

landing and takeoff area with minimum servicing, supply, and shelter provided for the 

temporary occupancy of military aircraft during the course of movement from one 

location to another. (JP 4-01.2) 

standardization — The process by which the Department of Defense achieves the closest 

practicable cooperation among the Services and Department of Defense agencies for 

the most efficient use of research, development, and production resources, and agrees 

to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: a. common or compatible 

operational, administrative, and logistic procedures; b. common or compatible technical 

procedures and criteria; c. common, compatible, or interchangeable supplies, 

components, weapons, or equipment; and d. common or compatible tactical doctrine 

with corresponding organizational compatibility. (JP 4-02) 

standard operating procedure — A set of instructions covering those features of 

operations which lend themselves to a definite or standardized procedure without loss 

of effectiveness. The procedure is applicable unless ordered otherwise. Also called 

SOP. (JP 3-31) 

standard use Army aircraft flight route — Route established below the coordinating 

altitude to facilitate the movement of Army aviation assets. Route is normally located 

in the corps through brigade rear areas of operation and do not require approval by the 

airspace control authority. Also called SAAFR. (JP 3-52) 

Standby Reserve — Those units and members of the Reserve Component (other than those 

in the Ready Reserve or Retired Reserve) who are liable for active duty only, as 

provided in Title 10, United States Code, Sections 10151, 12301, and 12306. See also 

active duty; Ready Reserve; Reserve Component; Retired Reserve. (JP 4-05) 

standing joint force headquarters — A staff organization operating under a flag or 

general officer providing a combatant commander with a full-time, trained joint 

command and control element integrated into the combatant commander’s staff whose 

focus is on contingency and crisis action planning. Also called SJFHQ. (JP 3-0) 

standing operating procedure — See standard operating procedure. (JP 3-31)

standing rules for the use of force — Preapproved directives issued to guide United States 

forces on the use of force during various operations. These directives may take the 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 291 

form of execute orders, deployment orders, memoranda of agreement, or plans. Also 

called SRUF. (JP 3-28) 

stateless person — A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the 

operation of its law. See also dislocated civilian; displaced person; evacuee; 

expellee; refugee. (JP 3-29) 

station time — In air transport operations, the time at which crews, passengers, and cargo 

are to be on board and ready for the flight. (JP 3-17) 

status-of-forces agreement — An agreement that defines the legal position of a visiting 

military force deployed in the territory of a friendly state. Agreements delineating the 

status of visiting military forces may be bilateral or multilateral. Provisions pertaining 

to the status of visiting forces may be set forth in a separate agreement, or they may 

form a part of a more comprehensive agreement. These provisions describe how the 

authorities of a visiting force may control members of that force and the amenability of 

the force or its members to the local law or to the authority of local officials. Also 

called SOFA. See also civil affairs agreement. (JP 3-16) 

sterilizer — In mine warfare, a device included in mines to render the mine permanently 

inoperative on expiration of a pre-determined time after laying. (JP 3-15) 

stick commander (air transport) — A designated individual who controls paratroops from 

the time they enter the aircraft until their exit. See also jumpmaster. 

stimulants — Controlled drugs that make the user feel stronger, more decisive, and selfpossessed; includes cocaine and amphetamines. (JP 3-07.4) 

stockage objective — The maximum quantities of materiel to be maintained on hand to 

sustain current operations. It will consist of the sum of stocks represented by the 

operating level and the safety level. 

Stock Number — See national stock number.

stockpile to target sequence — 1. The order of events involved in removing a nuclear 

weapon from storage and assembling, testing, transporting, and delivering it on the 

target. 2. A document that defines the logistic and employment concepts and related 

physical environments involved in the delivery of a nuclear weapon from the stockpile 

to the target. It may also define the logistic flow involved in moving nuclear weapons 

to and from the stockpile for quality assurance testing, modification and retrofit, and the 

recycling of limited life components. 

stop-loss — Presidential authority under Title 10, United States Code, Section 12305 to 

suspend laws relating to promotion, retirement, or separation of any member of the 

Armed Forces determined essential to the national security of the United States (“laws 

relating to promotion” broadly includes, among others, grade tables, current general or 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

292 JP 1-02 

flag officer authorizations, and E8 and 9 limits). This authority may be exercised by 

the President only if reservists are serving on active duty under Title 10, United States 

Code authorities for Presidential Reserve Call-up, partial mobilization, or full 

mobilization. See also mobilization; partial mobilization; Presidential Reserve 

Call-up. (JP 4-05) 

stowage — The method of placing cargo into a single hold or compartment of a ship to 

prevent damage, shifting, etc. (JP 3-02) 

stowage factor — The number that expresses the space, in cubic feet, occupied by a long 

ton of any commodity as prepared for shipment, including all crating or packaging. 

(JP 4-01,2) 

stowage plan — A completed stowage diagram showing what materiel has been loaded and 

its stowage location in each hold, between-deck compartment, or other space in a ship, 

including deck space. (JP 4-01.5) 

strafing — The delivery of automatic weapons fire by aircraft on ground targets. 

strapping — 1. An operation by which supply containers, such as cartons or boxes, are 

reinforced by bands, metal straps, or wire, placed at specified intervals around them, 

drawn taut, and then sealed or clamped by a machine. 2. Measurement of storage tanks 

and calculation of volume to provide tables for conversion of depth of product in linear 

units of measurement to volume of contents. 

strategic air transport — The movement of personnel and materiel by air in accordance 

with a strategic plan. 

strategic communication — Focused United States Government efforts to understand and 

engage key audiences to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the 

advancement of United States Government interests, policies, and objectives through 

the use of coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized 

with the actions of all instruments of national power. Also called SC. (JP 5-0) 

strategic concept — The course of action accepted as the result of the estimate of the 

strategic situation which is a statement of what is to be done in broad terms. (JP 5-0)

strategic debriefing — Debriefing activity conducted to collect information or to verify 

previously collected information in response to national or theater level collection 

priorities. (JP 2-01.2) 

strategic direction — The processes and products by which the President, Secretary of 

Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provide strategic guidance to the 

Joint Staff, combatant commands, Services, and combat support agencies. (JP 5-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 293 

strategic estimate — The broad range of strategic factors that influence the commander’s 

understanding of its operational environment and its determination of missions, 

objectives, and courses of action. See also estimate; logistic estimate of the situation; 

national intelligence estimate. (JP 5-0) 

strategic intelligence — Intelligence required for the formation of policy and military plans 

at national and international levels. Strategic intelligence and tactical intelligence differ 

primarily in level of application, but may also vary in terms of scope and detail. See 

also intelligence; operational intelligence; tactical intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

strategic level of war — The level of war at which a nation, often as a member of a group 

of nations, determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security 

objectives and guidance, then develops and uses national resources to achieve those 

objectives. See also operational level of war; tactical level of war. (JP 3-0) 

strategic mission — A mission directed against one or more of a selected series of enemy 

targets with the purpose of progressive destruction and disintegration of the enemy’s 

warmaking capacity and will to make war. Targets include key manufacturing systems, 

sources of raw material, critical material, stockpiles, power systems, transportation 

systems, communication facilities, and other such target systems. As opposed to 

tactical operations, strategic operations are designed to have a long-range rather than 

immediate effect on the enemy and its military forces. 

strategic plan — A plan for the overall conduct of a war. (JP 5-0) 

strategic sealift — The afloat pre-positioning and ocean movement of military materiel in 

support of US and multinational forces. (JP 4-01.5) 

strategic sealift forces — Sealift forces composed of ships, cargo handling and delivery 

systems, and the necessary operating personnel. They include US Navy, US Marine 

Corps, and US Army elements with Active and Reserve components. Merchant marine 

vessels manned by civilian mariners may constitute part of this force. See also force. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

strategic sealift shipping — Common-user ships of the Military Sealift Command force, 

including pre-positioned ships after their pre-positioning mission has been completed 

and they have been returned to the operational control of the Military Sealift 

Command. See also Military Sealift Command; Military Sealift Command force. 

(JP 4-01.2) 

strategic vulnerability — The susceptibility of vital instruments of national power to being 

seriously decreased or adversely changed by the application of actions within the 

capability of another nation to impose. Strategic vulnerability may pertain to political, 

geographic, economic, informational, scientific, sociological, or military factors. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

294 JP 1-02 

strategic warning — A warning prior to the initiation of a threatening act. See also tactical 

warning; warning.

strategy — A prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power 

in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater, national, and/or 

multinational objectives. (JP 3-0) 

strike — An attack to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. (JP 3-0) 

strike coordination and reconnaissance — A mission flown for the purpose of detecting 

targets and coordinating or performing attack or reconnaissance on those targets. Also 

called SCAR. (JP 3-03) 

strikedown — The movement of aircraft from the flight deck to the hangar deck level. See 

also flight deck. (JP 3-04) 

stuffing — Packing of cargo into a container. See also unstuffing. (JP 4-09) 

submarine operating authority — The naval commander exercising operational control of 

submarines. Also called SUBOPAUTH. 

submarine patrol area — A restricted area established to allow submarine operations: a. 

unimpeded by the operation of, or possible attack from, friendly forces in wartime; b. 

without submerged mutual interference in peacetime. 

subordinate campaign plan — A combatant command prepared plan that satisfies the 

requirements under a Department of Defense campaign plan, which, depending upon 

the circumstances, transitions to a supported or supporting plan in execution. (JP 5-0)

subordinate command — A command consisting of the commander and all those 

individuals, units, detachments, organizations, or installations that have been placed 

under the command by the authority establishing the subordinate command. (JP 1) 

subordinate unified command — A command established by commanders of unified 

commands, when so authorized by the Secretary of Defense through the Chairman of 

the Joint Chiefs of Staff, to conduct operations on a continuing basis in accordance with 

the criteria set forth for unified commands. A subordinate unified command may be 

established on an area or functional basis. Commanders of subordinate unified 

commands have functions and responsibilities similar to those of the commanders of 

unified commands and exercise operational control of assigned commands and forces 

within the assigned operational area. Also called subunified command. See also area 

command; functional component command; operational control; subordinate 

command; unified command. (JP 1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 295 

subscription — An agreement by a nation’s Military Services to agree to accept and abide 

by, with or without reservation, the details of a standardization agreement. See also

implementation; ratification.

subsidiary landing — In an amphibious operation, a landing usually made outside the 

designated landing area, the purpose of which is to support the main landing. (JP 3-02) 

subunified command — See subordinate unified command. (JP 1) 

subversion — Actions designed to undermine the military, economic, psychological, or 

political strength or morale of a governing authority. See also unconventional 

warfare. (JP 3-24) 

subversive political action — A planned series of activities designed to accomplish 

political objectives by influencing, dominating, or displacing individuals or groups who 

are so placed as to affect the decisions and actions of another government. 

summit — The highest altitude above mean sea level that a projectile reaches in its flight 

from the gun to the target; the algebraic sum of the maximum ordinate and the altitude 

of the gun. 

sun-synchronous orbit — An orbit in which the satellite’s orbital plane is at a fixed 

orientation to the sun, i.e., the orbit precesses about the earth at the same rate that the 

earth orbits the sun. It has the characteristics of maintaining similar sun angles along its 

ground trace for all orbits, and typically has an inclination from 96 to 98 degrees, 

depending on the orbit altitude and orbit shape (eccentricity). (JP 3-14) 

supercargo — Personnel that accompany cargo on board a ship for the purpose of 

accomplishing en route maintenance and security. (JP 4-01.5) 

supplies — In logistics, all materiel and items used in the equipment, support, and 

maintenance of military forces. See also component; equipment. (JP 4-0) 

supply — The procurement, distribution, maintenance while in storage, and salvage of 

supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. a. producer 

phase — That phase of military supply that extends from determination of procurement 

schedules to acceptance of finished supplies by the Military Services. b. consumer 

phase — That phase of military supply which extends from receipt of finished 

supplies by the Military Services through issue for use or consumption. (JP 4-0) 

supply by air — See airdrop; air movement.

supply chain — The linked activities associated with providing materiel from a raw 

materiel stage to an end user as a finished product. See also supply; supply chain 

management. (JP 4-09) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

296 JP 1-02 

supply chain management — A cross-functional approach to procuring, producing, and 

delivering products and services to customers. The broad management scope includes 

subsuppliers, suppliers, internal information, and funds flow. See also supply; supply 

chain. (JP 4-09) 

supply management — See inventory control.

supply support activity — Activities assigned a Department of Defense activity address 

code and that have a supply support mission, i.e., direct support supply units, missile 

support elements, and maintenance support units. Also called SSA. (JP 4-09) 

support — 1. The action of a force that aids, protects, complements, or sustains another 

force in accordance with a directive requiring such action. 2. A unit that helps another 

unit in battle. 3. An element of a command that assists, protects, or supplies other 

forces in combat. See also close support; direct support; general support; 

interdepartmental or agency support; international logistic support; inter-Service 

support; mutual support. (JP 1) 

support agency — A federal department or agency designated to assist a specific primary 

agency with available resources, capabilities, or expertise in support of emergency 

support response operations, as coordinated by the representative of the primary 

agency. See also lead federal agency. (JP 3-28) 

supported commander — 1. The commander having primary responsibility for all aspects 

of a task assigned by the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan or other joint operation 

planning authority. 2. In the context of joint operation planning, the commander who 

prepares operation plans or operation orders in response to requirements of the 

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 3. In the context of a support command 

relationship, the commander who receives assistance from another commander’s force 

or capabilities, and who is responsible for ensuring that the supporting commander 

understands the assistance required. See also support; supporting commander. 

 (JP 3-0) 

supported unit — As related to contracted support, a supported unit is the organization that 

is the recipient, but not necessarily the requester of, contractor-provided support. See 

also requiring activity. (JP 4-10)

supporting arms — Weapons and weapons systems of all types employed to support forces 

by indirect or direct fire. (JP 3-02) 

supporting arms coordination center — A single location on board an amphibious 

command ship in which all communication facilities incident to the coordination of fire 

support of the artillery, air, and naval gunfire are centralized. This is the naval 

counterpart to the fire support coordination center utilized by the landing force. Also 

called SACC. See also fire support coordination center. (JP 3-09.3) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 297 

supporting commander — 1. A commander who provides augmentation forces or other 

support to a supported commander or who develops a supporting plan. 2. In the context 

of a support command relationship, the commander who aids, protects, complements, 

or sustains another commander’s force, and who is responsible for providing the 

assistance required by the supported commander. See also support; supported 

commander. (JP 3-0) 

supporting fire — Fire delivered by supporting units to assist or protect a unit in combat. 

(JP 3-09) 

supporting operations — In amphibious operations, those operations conducted by forces 

other than those conducted by the amphibious force. See also amphibious force; 

amphibious operation. (JP 3-02) 

supporting plan — An operation plan prepared by a supporting commander, a subordinate 

commander, or an agency to satisfy the requests or requirements of the supported 

commander’s plan. See also supported commander; supporting commander. 

 (JP 5-0) 

support items — Items subordinate to or associated with an end item (i.e., spares, repair 

parts, tools, test equipment, and sundry materiel) and required to operate, service, 

repair, or overhaul an end item. 

suppression — Temporary or transient degradation by an opposing force of the 

performance of a weapons system below the level needed to fulfill its mission 

objectives. (JP 3-01) 

suppression mission — A mission to suppress an actual or suspected weapons system for 

the purpose of degrading its performance below the level needed to fulfill its mission 

objectives at a specific time for a specified duration. 

suppression of enemy air defenses — Activity that neutralizes, destroys, or temporarily 

degrades surface-based enemy air defenses by destructive and/or disruptive means. Also 

called SEAD. See also electromagnetic spectrum; electronic warfare. (JP 3-01) 

suppressive fire — Fires on or about a weapons system to degrade its performance below 

the level needed to fulfill its mission objectives, during the conduct of the fire mission. 

surface action group — A temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other 

than carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission. Also called SAG. See group; 

mission. (JP 3-02) 

surface combatant — A ship constructed and armed for combat use with the capability to 

conduct operations in multiple maritime roles against air, surface and subsurface 

threats, and land targets. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

298 JP 1-02 

Surface Deployment and Distribution Command — A major command of the US Army, 

and the US Transportation Command’s component command responsible for 

designated continental United States land transportation as well as common-user water 

terminal and traffic management service to deploy, employ, sustain, and redeploy US 

forces on a global basis. Also called SDDC. See also transportation component 

command. (JP 4-09) 

surface smuggling event — In counterdrug operations, the sighting of a suspected drug 

smuggling vessel or arrival of a suspected drug smuggling vessel. See also arrival 

zone; counterdrug operations; transit zone. (JP 3-07.4) 

surface-to-air missile site — A plot of ground prepared in such a manner that it will readily 

accept the hardware used in surface-to-air missile system. (JP 3-01) 

surface-to-air weapon — A surface-launched weapon for use against airborne targets. 

Examples include missiles, rockets, and air defense guns. (JP 3-09.3) 

surface warfare — That portion of maritime warfare in which operations are conducted to 

destroy or neutralize enemy naval surface forces and merchant vessels. Also called 

SUW. (JP 3-33) 

surf line — The point offshore where waves and swells are affected by the underwater 

surface and become breakers. See also breaker. (JP 4-01.6) 

surf zone — The area of water from the surf line to the beach. See also surf line. (JP 4-01.6) 

surveillance — The systematic observation of aerospace, surface, or subsurface areas, 

places, persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. See 

also sea surveillance. (JP 3-0) 

surveillance approach — An instrument approach conducted in accordance with directions 

issued by a controller referring to the surveillance radar display. 

survivability — All aspects of protecting personnel, weapons, and supplies while 

simultaneously deceiving the enemy. (JP 3-34) 

survival, evasion, resistance, and escape — Actions performed by isolated personnel 

designed to ensure their health, mobility, safety, and honor in anticipation of or 

preparation for their return to friendly control. Also called SERE. (JP 3-50) 

suspect — 1. In counterdrug operations, a track of interest where correlating information 

actually ties the track of interest to alleged illegal drug operations. See also 

counterdrug operations; track of interest. 2. An identity applied to a track that is 

potentially hostile because of its characteristics, behavior, origin, or nationality. See 

also assumed friend; neutral; unknown. (JP 3-07.4) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 299 

sustainment — The provision of logistics and personnel services required to maintain and 

prolong operations until successful mission accomplishment. (JP 3-0) 

sustainment, restoration, and modernization — The fuels asset sustainment program 

within Defense Energy Support Center that provides a long-term process to costeffectively sustain, restore, and modernize fuel facilities. Also called S/RM. (JP 4-03) 

swell — Ocean waves that have traveled out of their fetch. Swell characteristically exhibits 

a more regular and longer period and has flatter crests than waves within their fetch. 

(JP 4-01.6) 

synchronization — 1. The arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to 

produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time. 2. In the 

intelligence context, application of intelligence sources and methods in concert with the 

operation plan to ensure intelligence requirements are answered in time to influence the 

decisions they support. (JP 2-0) 

synchronized clock — A technique of timing the delivery of fires by placing all units on a 

common time. The synchronized clock uses a specific hour and minute based on either 

local or universal time. Local time is established using the local time zone. (JP 3-09.3) 

synthesis — In intelligence usage, the examining and combining of processed information 

with other information and intelligence for final interpretation. 

system — A functionally, physically, and/or behaviorally related group of regularly 

interacting or interdependent elements; that group of elements forming a unified whole. 

(JP 3-0) 

systems support contract — A prearranged contract awarded by a Service acquisition 

program management office that provides technical support, maintenance and, in some 

cases, repair parts for selected military weapon and support systems. See also external 

support contract; theater support contract. (JP 4-10) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

300 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

T 

JP 1-02 301 

table of allowance — An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances 

of organizational equipment, and provides the control to develop, revise, or change 

equipment authorization inventory data. Also called TOA. (JP 4-09) 

TABOO frequencies — Any friendly frequency of such importance that it must never be 

deliberately jammed or interfered with by friendly forces including international 

distress, safety, and controller frequencies. See also electronic warfare. (JP 3-13.1) 

tactical air command center — The principal US Marine Corps air command and control 

agency from which air operations and air defense warning functions are directed. It is 

the senior agency of the US Marine air command and control system that serves as the 

operational command post of the aviation combat element commander. It provides the 

facility from which the aviation combat element commander and his battle staff plan, 

supervise, coordinate, and execute all current and future air operations in support of the 

Marine air-ground task force. The tactical air command center can provide integration, 

coordination, and direction of joint and combined air operations. Also called Marine 

TACC. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical air control center — The principal air operations installation (ship-based) from 

which all aircraft and air warning functions of tactical air operations are controlled. 

Also called Navy TACC. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical air control party — A subordinate operational component of a tactical air control 

system designed to provide air liaison to land forces and for the control of aircraft. 

Also called TACP. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical air coordinator (airborne) — An officer who coordinates, from an aircraft, the 

actions of other aircraft engaged in air support of ground or sea forces. Also called 

TAC(A). See also forward observer. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical air direction center — An air operations installation under the overall control of 

the Navy tactical air control center or the Marine Corps tactical air command center, 

from which aircraft and air warning service functions of tactical air operations in 

support of amphibious operations are directed. Also called TADC. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical airfield fuel dispensing system — A tactical aircraft refueling system deployed by 

a Marine air-ground task force in support of air operations at an expeditionary airfield 

or a forward arming and refueling point. Also called TAFDS. (JP 4-03) 

tactical air officer (afloat) — The officer (aviator) under the amphibious task force 

commander who coordinates planning of all phases of air participation of the 

amphibious operation and air operations of supporting forces en route to and in the 

objective area. Until control is passed ashore, this officer exercises control over all 

operations of the tactical air control center (afloat) and is charged with the following: a. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

302 JP 1-02 

control of all aircraft in the objective area assigned for tactical air operations, including 

offensive and defensive air; b. control of all other aircraft entering or passing through 

the objective area; and c. control of all air warning facilities in the objective area. 

(JP 3-02) 

tactical air operations center — The principal air control agency of the US Marine air 

command and control system responsible for airspace control and management. It 

provides real-time surveillance, direction, positive control, and navigational assistance 

for friendly aircraft. It performs real-time direction and control of all antiair warfare 

operations, to include manned interceptors and surface-to-air weapons. It is 

subordinate to the tactical air command center. Also called TAOC. (JP 3-09.3) 

tactical air support element — An element of a US Army division, corps, or field army 

tactical operations center consisting of Army component intelligence staff officer and 

Army component operations staff officer air personnel who coordinate and integrate 

tactical air support with current tactical ground operations. 

tactical assembly area — An area that is generally out of the reach of light artillery and the 

location where units make final preparations (pre-combat checks and inspections) and 

rest, prior to moving to the line of departure. See also assembly area; line of 

departure. (JP 3-35) 

tactical combat casualty care — A set of trauma management guidelines customized for 

use on the battlefield that maintains a sharp focus on the most common causes of 

preventable deaths on the battlefield: external hemorrhage; tension pneumothorax; and 

airway obstruction. (JP 4-02) 

tactical combat force — A combat unit, with appropriate combat support and combat 

service support assets, that is assigned the mission of defeating Level III threats. Also 

called TCF. (JP 3-10) 

tactical control — Command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or 

military capability or forces made available for tasking, that is limited to the detailed 

direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary 

to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. Tactical control is inherent in operational 

control. Tactical control may be delegated to, and exercised at any level at or below the 

level of combatant command. Tactical control provides sufficient authority for 

controlling and directing the application of force or tactical use of combat support assets 

within the assigned mission or task. Also called TACON. See also combatant 

command; combatant command (command authority); operational control. (JP 1) 

tactical data link — A Joint Staff-approved, standardized communication link suitable for 

transmission of digital information. Tactical digital information links interface two or 

more command and control or weapons systems via a single or multiple network 

architecture and multiple communication media for exchange of tactical information. 

Also called TDL. (JP 6-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 303 

tactical exploitation of national capabilities — Congressionally mandated program to 

improve the combat effectiveness of the Services through more effective military use of 

national programs. Also called TENCAP. (JP 2-01) 

tactical intelligence — Intelligence required for the planning and conduct of tactical 

operations. See also intelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

tactical level of war — The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and 

executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. See 

also operational level of war; strategic level of war. (JP 3-0) 

tactical-logistical group — Representatives designated by troop commanders to assist 

Navy control officers aboard control ships in the ship-to-shore movement of troops, 

equipment, and supplies. Also called TACLOG group. (JP 3-02) 

tactical minefield — A minefield that is employed to directly attack enemy maneuver as part 

of a formation obstacle plan and is laid to delay, channel, or break up an enemy advance, 

giving the defending element a positional advantage over the attacker. (JP 3-15) 

tactical obstacles — Those obstacles employed to disrupt enemy formations, to turn them 

into a desired area, to fix them in position under direct and indirect fires, and to block 

enemy penetrations. (JP 3-15) 

tactical questioning — Direct questioning by any Department of Defense personnel of a 

captured or detained person to obtain time-sensitive tactical intelligence information, at 

or near the point of capture or detention and consistent with applicable law. Also called 

TQ. (JP 3-63) 

tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel — A Marine Corps mission performed by an 

assigned and briefed aircrew for the specific purpose of the recovery of personnel, 

equipment, and/or aircraft when the tactical situation precludes search and rescue assets 

from responding and when survivors and their location have been confirmed. Also 

called TRAP. (JP 3-50) 

tactical reserve — A part of a force held under the control of the commander as a 

maneuvering force to influence future action. 

tactical warning — 1. A warning after initiation of a threatening or hostile act based on an 

evaluation of information from all available sources. 2. In satellite and missile 

surveillance, a notification to operational command centers that a specific threat event 

is occurring. The component elements that describe threat events are as follows: a. 

country of origin — Country or countries initiating hostilities; b. event type and size

— Identification of the type of event and determination of the size or number of 

weapons; c. country under attack — Determined by observing trajectory of an object 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

304 JP 1-02 

and predicting its impact point; and d. event time — Time the hostile event occurred. 

See also attack assessment; strategic warning.

tactical warning and attack assessment — A composite term. See separate definitions for 

tactical warning and for attack assessment. Also called TW/AA.

tactics — The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. See 

also procedures; techniques. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

tagline — A line attached to a draft of cargo or container to provide control and minimize 

pendulation of cargo during lifting operations. See also container; draft. (JP 4-01.6) 

tare weight — The weight of a container deducted from gross weight to obtain net weight 

or the weight of an empty container. (JP 4-09) 

target — 1. An entity or object considered for possible engagement or other action. 2. In 

intelligence usage, a country, area, installation, agency, or person against which 

intelligence operations are directed. 3. An area designated and numbered for future 

firing. 4. In gunfire support usage, an impact burst that hits the target. See also 

objective area. (JP 3-60) 

target acquisition — The detection, identification, and location of a target in sufficient 

detail to permit the effective employment of weapons. Also called TA. See also target 

analysis. (JP 3-60)

target analysis — An examination of potential targets to determine military importance, 

priority of attack, and weapons required to obtain a desired level of damage or 

casualties. See also target acquisition. (JP 3-60) 

target area of interest — The geographical area where high-value targets can be acquired 

and engaged by friendly forces. Not all target areas of interest will form part of the 

friendly course of action; only target areas of interest associated with high priority 

targets are of interest to the staff. These are identified during staff planning and 

wargaming. Target areas of interest differ from engagement areas in degree. 

Engagement areas plan for the use of all available weapons; target areas of interest 

might be engaged by a single weapon. Also called TAI. See also area of interest; 

high-value target; target. (JP 2-01.3) 

target array — A graphic representation of enemy forces, personnel, and facilities in a 

specific situation, accompanied by a target analysis. 

target audience — An individual or group selected for influence. Also called TA. 

 (JP 3-13) 

target bearing — 1. true — The true compass bearing of a target from a firing ship. 2. 

relative — The bearing of a target measured in the horizontal from the bow of one’s 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 305 

own ship clockwise from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, or from the nose of one’s own 

aircraft in hours of the clock. 

target complex — A geographically integrated series of target concentrations. See also

target. (JP 3-60) 

target component — A set of targets within a target system performing a similar function. 

See also target; target critical damage point. (JP 3-60) 

target concentration — A grouping of geographically proximate targets. See also target; 

target complex. (JP 3-60) 

target critical damage point — The part of a target component that is most vital. Also 

called critical node. See also target; target component. (JP 3-05.1) 

target development — The systematic examination of potential target systems - and their 

components, individual targets, and even elements of targets - to determine the 

necessary type and duration of the action that must be exerted on each target to create 

an effect that is consistent with the commander’s specific objectives. (JP 3-60) 

target folder — A folder, hardcopy or electronic, containing target intelligence and related 

materials prepared for planning and executing action against a specific target. See also 

target. (JP 3-60) 

target information center — The agency or activity responsible for collecting, displaying, 

evaluating, and disseminating information pertaining to potential targets. Also called 

TIC. See also target. (JP 3-02) 

targeting — The process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate 

response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. See also joint 

targeting coordination board; target. (JP 3-0) 

target intelligence — Intelligence that portrays and locates the components of a target or 

target complex and indicates its vulnerability and relative importance. See also target; 

target complex. (JP 3-60) 

target location error — The difference between the coordinates generated for a target and 

the actual location of the target. Target location error is expressed primarily in terms of 

circular and vertical errors or infrequently, as spherical error. Also called TLE. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

target materials — Graphic, textual, tabular, digital, video, or other presentations of target 

intelligence, primarily designed to support operations against designated targets by one 

or more weapon(s) systems. Target materials are suitable for training, planning, 

executing, and evaluating military operations. See also Air Target Materials 

Program. (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

306 JP 1-02 

target nomination list — A target-consolidated list of targets made up of the multiple 

candidate target lists. A prioritized list of targets drawn from the joint target list and 

nominated by component commanders, appropriate agencies, or the joint force 

commander’s staff for inclusion on the joint integrated prioritized target list. Also 

called TNL. See also candidate target list; joint integrated prioritized target list; 

target. (JP 3-60) 

target of opportunity — 1. A target identified too late, or not selected for action in time, to 

be included in deliberate targeting that, when detected or located, meets criteria specific 

to achieving objectives and is processed using dynamic targeting. There are two types 

of targets of opportunity: unplanned and unanticipated. 2. A target visible to a surface 

or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which 

fire has not been scheduled or requested. See also dynamic targeting; target; 

unplanned target; unanticipated target. (JP 3-60) 

target overlay — (*) A transparent sheet which, when superimposed on a particular chart, 

map, drawing, tracing or other representation, depicts target locations and designations. 

The target overlay may also show boundaries between maneuver elements, objectives 

and friendly forward dispositions. 

target priority — A grouping of targets with the indicated sequence of attack. (JP 3-60) 

target signature — 1. The characteristic pattern of a target displayed by detection and 

identification equipment. 2. In naval mine warfare, the variation in the influence field 

produced by the passage of a ship or sweep. (JP 3-60) 

target stress point — The weakest point (most vulnerable to damage) on the critical 

damage point. Also called vulnerable node. See also target critical damage point. 

(JP 3-05.1) 

target system — 1. All the targets situated in a particular geographic area and functionally 

related. 2. A group of targets that are so related that their destruction will produce some 

particular effect desired by the attacker. See also target; target complex. (JP 3-60) 

target system analysis — An all-source examination of potential target systems to 

determine relevance to stated objectives, military importance, and priority of attack. It 

is an open-ended analytic process produced through the intelligence production process 

using national and theater validated requirements as a foundation. Also called TSA. 

(JP 3-60) 

target system assessment — The broad assessment of the overall impact and effectiveness 

of the full spectrum of military force applied against the operation of an enemy target 

system or total combat effectiveness (including significant subdivisions of the system) 

relative to the operational objectives established. See also target system. (JP 3-60) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 307 

target system component — A set of targets belonging to one or more groups of industries 

and basic utilities required to produce component parts of an end product, or one type 

of a series of interrelated commodities. (JP 3-60) 

task component — A subdivision of a fleet, task force, task group, or task unit, organized 

by the respective commander or by higher authority for the accomplishment of specific 

tasks. 

task element — A component of a naval task unit organized by the commander of a task 

unit or higher authority. (JP 3-02) 

task force counterintelligence coordinating authority — An individual that affects the 

overall coordination of counterintelligence activities (in a joint force intelligence 

directorate counterintelligence and human intelligence staff element, joint task force 

configuration), with other supporting counterintelligence organizations, and supporting 

agencies to ensure full counterintelligence coverage of the task force operational area. 

Also called TFCICA. See also counterintelligence; counterintelligence activities; 

joint task force. (JP 2-01.2) 

task group — A component of a naval task force organized by the commander of a task 

force or higher authority. Also called TG. (JP 3-02) 

tasking order — A method used to task and to disseminate to components, subordinate 

units, and command and control agencies projected targets and specific missions. In 

addition, the tasking order provides specific instructions concerning the mission 

planning agent, targets, and other control agencies, as well as general instructions for 

accomplishment of the mission. Also called TASKORD. See also mission; target. 

(JP 3-05.1) 

task order — Order for services placed against an established contract. See also civil 

augmentation program; cost-plus award fee contract. (JP 4-10)

task organization — An organization that assigns to responsible commanders the means 

with which to accomplish their assigned tasks in any planned action. (JP 3-33) 

task unit — A component of a naval task group organized by the commander of a task 

group or higher authority. (JP 3-02) 

T-day — See times.

tear line — A physical line on an intelligence message or document separating categories of 

information that have been approved for foreign disclosure and release. Normally, the 

intelligence below the tear line is that which has been previously cleared for disclosure 

or release. (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

308 JP 1-02 

technical analysis — In imagery interpretation, the precise description of details appearing 

on imagery. (JP 2-03) 

technical architecture — A minimal set of rules governing the arrangement, interaction, 

and interdependence of the parts or elements whose purpose is to ensure that a 

conformant system satisfies a specified set of requirements. 

technical assistance — The providing of advice, assistance, and training pertaining to the 

installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment. (JP 3-22) 

technical documentation — Visual information documentation (with or without sound as 

an integral documentation component) of an actual event made for purposes of 

evaluation. Typically, technical documentation contributes to the study of human or 

mechanical factors, procedures, and processes in the fields of medicine, science, 

logistics, research, development, test and evaluation, intelligence, investigations, and 

armament delivery. Also called TECDOC. (JP 3-61)

technical escort — An individual technically qualified and properly equipped to 

accompany designated material requiring a high degree of safety or security during 

shipment. (JP 3-15.1) 

technical evaluation — The study and investigations by a developing agency to determine 

the technical suitability of material, equipment, or a system for use in the Services. 

(JP 3-15.1)

technical intelligence — Intelligence derived from the collection, processing, analysis, and 

exploitation of data and information pertaining to foreign equipment and materiel for 

the purposes of preventing technological surprise, assessing foreign scientific and 

technical capabilities, and developing countermeasures designed to neutralize an 

adversary’s technological advantages. Also called TECHINT. See also exploitation; 

intelligence. (JP 2-0) 

technical nuclear forensics — The collection, analysis and evaluation of pre-detonation 

(intact) and post-detonation (exploded) radiological or nuclear materials, devices, and 

debris, as well as the immediate effects created by a nuclear detonation. (JP 3-41)

technical operational intelligence — A Defense Intelligence Agency initiative to provide 

enhanced scientific and technical intelligence to the commanders of unified commands 

and their subordinates through a closed loop system involving all Service and Defense 

Intelligence Agency scientific and technical intelligence centers. Through a system 

manager in the National Military Joint Intelligence Center, the technical operational 

intelligence program provides timely collection, analysis, and dissemination of area of 

responsibility-specific scientific and technical intelligence to combatant commanders 

and their subordinates for planning, training, and executing joint operations. Also 

called TOPINT. (JP 2-0) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 309 

technical review authority — The organization tasked to provide specialized technical or 

administrative expertise to the primary review authority or coordinating review 

authority for joint publications. Also called TRA. See also coordinating review 

authority; joint publication; primary review authority. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

technical surveillance countermeasures — Techniques and measures to detect and 

neutralize a wide variety of hostile penetration technologies that are used to obtain 

unauthorized access to classified and sensitive information. Technical penetrations 

include the employment of optical, electro-optical, electromagnetic, fluidic, and 

acoustic means as the sensor and transmission medium, or the use of various types of 

stimulation or modification to equipment or building components for the direct or 

indirect transmission of information meant to be protected. Also called TSCM. See 

also counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

techniques — Non-prescriptive ways or methods used to perform missions, functions, or 

tasks. See also procedures; tactics. (CJCSM 5120.01) 

telecommunications — Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, 

images, sounds, or information of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other 

electromagnetic systems. (JP 6-0) 

telemedicine — Rapid access to shared and remote medical expertise by means of 

telecommunications and information technologies to deliver health services and 

exchange health information for the purpose of improving patient care. (JP 4-02) 

tempest — An unclassified term referring to technical investigations for compromising 

emanations from electrically operated information processing equipment; these 

investigations are conducted in support of emanations and emissions security. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

temporary interment — A site for the purpose of: a. the interment of the remains if the 

circumstances permit; or b. the reburial of remains exhumed from an emergency 

interment. See also mortuary affairs. (JP 4-06) 

terminal — A facility designed to transfer cargo from one means of conveyance to another. 

(Conveyance is the piece of equipment used to transport cargo; i.e., railcar to truck or 

truck to truck. This is as opposed to mode, which is the type of equipment; i.e., ship to 

rail, rail to truck.) See also facility. (JP 4-01.6) 

terminal attack control — The authority to control the maneuver of and grant weapons 

release clearance to attacking aircraft. See also joint terminal attack controller. 

 (JP 3-09.3) 

terminal control — 1. The authority to direct aircraft to maneuver into a position to deliver 

ordnance, passengers, or cargo to a specific location or target. Terminal control is a 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

310 JP 1-02 

type of air control. 2. Any electronic, mechanical, or visual control given to aircraft to 

facilitate target acquisition and resolution. See also terminal guidance. (JP 3-09.3) 

terminal control area — A control area or portion thereof normally situated at the 

confluence of air traffic service routes in the vicinity of one or more major airfields. 

See also control area; controlled airspace; control zone. (JP 3-52) 

terminal guidance — 1. The guidance applied to a guided missile between midcourse 

guidance and arrival in the vicinity of the target. 2. Electronic, mechanical, visual, or 

other assistance given an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at, operation within or over, 

landing upon, or departure from an air landing or airdrop facility. See also terminal 

control. (JP 3-03) 

terminal guidance operations — Those actions that provide electronic, mechanical, voice 

or visual communications that provide approaching aircraft and/or weapons additional 

information regarding a specific target location. Also called TGO. (JP 3-09) 

terminal operations — The reception, processing, and staging of passengers; the receipt, 

transit, storage, and marshalling of cargo; the loading and unloading of modes of 

transport conveyances; and the manifesting and forwarding of cargo and passengers to 

destination. See also operation; terminal. (JP 4-01.5) 

terminal phase — That portion of the flight of a ballistic missile that begins when the 

warhead or payload reenters the atmosphere and ends when the warhead or payload 

detonates, releases its submunitions, or impacts. See also boost phase; midcourse 

phase. (JP 3-01) 

termination criteria — The specified standards approved by the President and/or the 

Secretary of Defense that must be met before a joint operation can be concluded. 

 (JP 3-0) 

terms of reference — 1. A mutual agreement under which a command, element, or unit 

exercises authority or undertakes specific missions or tasks relative to another 

command, element, or unit. 2. The directive providing the legitimacy and authority to 

undertake a mission, task, or endeavor. Also called TORs. (JP 3-0) 

terrain analysis — The collection, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of geographic 

information on the natural and man-made features of the terrain, combined with other 

relevant factors, to predict the effect of the terrain on military operations. (JP 2-03) 

terrain avoidance system — A system which provides the pilot or navigator of an aircraft 

with a situation display of the ground or obstacles which project above either a 

horizontal plane through the aircraft or a plane parallel to it, so that the pilot can 

maneuver the aircraft to avoid the obstruction. (JP 3-50) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 311 

terrain flight — (*) Flight close to the Earth’s surface during which airspeed, height, 

and/or altitude are adapted to the contours and cover of the ground in order to avoid 

enemy detection and fire. Also called TERF.

terrain intelligence — Intelligence on the military significance of natural and man-made 

characteristics of an area. (JP 3-15) 

terrestrial environment — The Earth’s land area, including its man-made and natural 

surface and sub-surface features, and its interfaces and interactions with the atmosphere 

and the oceans. (JP 3-14) 

territorial airspace — Airspace above land territory, internal waters, archipelagic waters, 

and territorial seas. 

territorial sea — A belt of ocean space adjacent to and measured from the coastal state’s 

baseline to a maximum width of 12 nm. Throughout the vertical and horizontal planes 

of the territorial sea, the coastal state exercises sovereign jurisdiction, subject to the 

right of innocent passage of vessels on the surface and the right of transit passage in, 

under, and over international straits. Territorial sea areas that are a continuation of sea 

lanes through archipelagoes are subject to archipelagic sealane passage, with the same 

transit rights as those that apply to international straits. 

terrorism — The unlawful use of violence or threat of violence to instill fear and coerce 

governments or societies. Terrorism is often motivated by religious, political, or other 

ideological beliefs and committed in the pursuit of goals that are usually political. See 

also antiterrorism; combating terrorism; counterterrorism; force protection 

condition. (JP 3-07.2) 

terrorist threat level — An intelligence threat assessment of the level of terrorist threat 

faced by US personnel and interests in a foreign country. The assessment is based on a 

continuous intelligence analysis of a minimum of five elements: terrorist group 

existence, capability, history, trends, and targeting. There are four threat levels: LOW, 

MODERATE, SIGNIFICANT, and HIGH. Threat levels should not be confused 

with force protection conditions. Threat level assessments are provided to senior 

leaders to assist them in determining the appropriate local force protection condition. 

(The Department of State also makes threat assessments, which may differ from those 

determined by Department of Defense.) (JP 3-07.2) 

theater — The geographical area for which a commander of a geographic combatant 

command has been assigned responsibility. (JP 1) 

theater antisubmarine warfare commander — A Navy commander assigned to develop 

plans and direct assigned and attached assets for the conduct of antisubmarine warfare 

within an operational area. Normally designated as a task force or task group 

commander and responsible to a Navy component commander or joint force maritime 

component commander. Also called TASWC. (JP 3-32)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

312 JP 1-02 

theater-assigned transportation assets — Transportation assets that are assigned under the 

combatant command (command authority) of a geographic combatant commander. 

See also combatant command (command authority); single manager for 

transportation. (JP 4-01) 

theater detainee reporting center — The field operating agency of the national detainee 

reporting center. It is the central tracing agency within the theater, responsible for 

maintaining information on all detainees and their personal property within a theater of 

operations or assigned area of operations. Also called TDRC. (JP 3-63)

theater distribution — The flow of personnel, equipment, and materiel within theater to 

meet the geographic combatant commander’s missions. See also distribution;

theater; theater distribution system. (JP 4-09) 

theater distribution system — A distribution system comprised of four independent and 

mutually supported networks within theater to meet the geographic combatant 

commander’s requirements: the physical network; the financial network; the 

information network; and the communications network. See also distribution; 

distribution plan; distribution system; theater; theater distribution. (JP 4-01) 

theater event system — Architecture for reporting theater ballistic missile events, 

composed of three independent processing and reporting elements: the joint tactical 

ground stations, tactical detection and reporting, and the space-based infrared system 

mission control station. Also called TES. (JP 3-14)

theater hospitalization capability — Essential care and health service support capabilities 

to either return the patient to duty and/or stabilization to ensure the patient can tolerate 

evacuation to a definitive care facility outside the theater, which is known as Role 3 in 

North Atlantic Treaty Organization doctrine. (JP 4-02) 

theater of operations — An operational area defined by the geographic combatant 

commander for the conduct or support of specific military operations. Also called TO. 

See also theater of war. (JP 3-0) 

theater of war — Defined by the President, Secretary of Defense, or the geographic 

combatant commander as the area of air, land, and water that is, or may become, 

directly involved in the conduct of major operations and campaigns involving combat. 

See also area of responsibility; theater of operations. (JP 3-0) 

theater patient movement requirements center — The activity responsible for 

intratheater patient movement management (medical regulating and aeromedical 

evacuation scheduling), the development of theater-level patient movement plans and 

schedules, the monitoring and execution in concert with the Global Patient Movement 

Requirements Center. Also called TPMRC. (JP 4-02) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 313 

theater special operations command — A subordinate unified command established by a 

combatant commander to plan, coordinate, conduct, and support joint special 

operations. Also called TSOC. See also special operations. (JP 3-05)

theater strategy — An overarching construct outlining a combatant commander’s vision 

for integrating and synchronizing military activities and operations with the other 

instruments of national power in order to achieve national strategic objectives. See also 

National Military Strategy; National Security Strategy; strategy. (JP 3-0) 

theater support contract — A type of contingency contract that is awarded by contracting 

officers in the operational area serving under the direct contracting authority of the 

Service component, special operations force command, or designated joint head of 

contracting activity for the designated contingency operation. See also external 

support contract; systems support contract. (JP 4-10)

thermal crossover — The natural phenomenon that normally occurs twice daily when 

temperature conditions are such that there is a loss of contrast between two adjacent 

objects on infrared imagery. (JP 3-09.3) 

thermal radiation — 1. The heat and light produced by a nuclear explosion. 2. 

Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heat or light source as a consequence of its 

temperature. (JP 3-41) 

thorough decontamination — Decontamination carried out by a unit, with or without 

external support, to reduce contamination on personnel, equipment, materiel, and/or 

working areas equal to natural background or to the lowest possible levels, to permit 

the partial or total removal of individual protective equipment and to maintain 

operations with minimum degradation. This may include terrain decontamination 

beyond the scope of operational decontamination. See also immediate 

decontamination; operational decontamination. (JP 3-11) 

threat analysis — In antiterrorism, a continual process of compiling and examining all 

available information concerning potential terrorist activities by terrorist groups which 

could target a facility. A threat analysis will review the factors of a terrorist group’s 

existence, capability, intentions, history, and targeting, as well as the security 

environment within which friendly forces operate. Threat analysis is an essential step 

in identifying probability of terrorist attack and results in a threat assessment. See also

antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

threat and vulnerability assessment — In antiterrorism, the pairing of a facility’s threat 

analysis and vulnerability analysis. See also antiterrorism. (JP 3-07.2) 

threat assessment — In antiterrorism, examining the capabilities, intentions, and activities, 

past and present, of terrorist organizations as well as the security environment within 

which friendly forces operate to determine the level of threat. Also called TA. 

 (JP 3-07.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

314 JP 1-02 

threat reduction cooperation — Activities undertaken with the consent and cooperation of 

host nation authorities in a permissive environment to enhance physical security, and to 

reduce, dismantle, redirect, and/or improve protection of a state’s existing weapons of 

mass destruction program, stockpiles, and capabilities. Also called TRC. (JP 3-40) 

threat warning — The urgent communication and acknowledgement of time-critical 

information essential for the preservation of life and/or vital resources. (JP 2-01) 

throughput — 1. In transportation, the average quantity of cargo and passengers that can 

pass through a port on a daily basis from arrival at the port to loading onto a ship or 

plane, or from the discharge from a ship or plane to the exit (clearance) from the port 

complex. (JP 4-01.5) 2. In patient movement and care, the maximum number of 

patients (stable or stabilized) by category, that can be received at the airport, staged, 

transported, and received at the proper hospital within any 24-hour period. (JP 4-02) 

throughput capacity — The estimated capacity of a port or an anchorage to clear cargo 

and/or passengers in 24 hours usually expressed in tons for cargo, but may be expressed 

in any agreed upon unit of measurement. See also clearance capacity. (JP 4-01.5) 

time-definite delivery — The consistent delivery of requested logistic support at a time and 

destination specified by the receiving activity. See also logistic support. Also called 

TDD. (JP 4-09) 

time of flight — In artillery, mortar, and naval gunfire support, the time in seconds from the 

instant a weapon is fired, launched, or released from the delivery vehicle or weapons 

system to the instant it strikes or detonates. 

time on target — The actual time at which munitions impact the target. Also called TOT. 

(JP 3-09.3) 

time-phased force and deployment data — The time-phased force data, non-unit cargo 

and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan or operation order or 

ongoing rotation of forces. Also called TPFDD. See also time-phased force and 

deployment list. (JP 5-0) 

time-phased force and deployment list — Appendix 1 to Annex A of the operation plan. 

It identifies types and/or actual units required to support the operation plan and 

indicates origin and ports of debarkation or ocean area. It may also be generated as a 

computer listing from the time-phased force and deployment data. Also called 

TPFDL. See also Joint Operation Planning and Execution System; time-phased 

force and deployment data. (JP 4-05) 

times — The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff coordinates the proposed dates and times 

with the commanders of the appropriate unified and specified commands, as well as 

any recommended changes to when specified operations are to occur (C-, D-, M-days 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 315 

end at 2400 hours Universal Time [Zulu time] and are assumed to be 24 hours long for 

planning). (JP 5-0) 

time-sensitive target — A joint force commander designated target requiring immediate 

response because it is a highly lucrative, fleeting target of opportunity or it poses (or 

will soon pose) a danger to friendly forces. Also called TST. (JP 3-60) 

time to target — The number of minutes and seconds to elapse before aircraft ordnance 

impacts on target. Also called TTT. (JP 3-09.3) 

tophandler — A device specially designed to permit the lifting and handling of containers 

from the top with rough terrain container handlers. See also container. (JP 4-01.6) 

topographic map — A map that presents the vertical position of features in measurable 

form as well as their horizontal positions. (JP 2-03)

topography — The configuration of the ground to include its relief and all features. 

Topography addresses both dry land and the sea floor (underwater topography). 

(JP 4-01.6) 

top secret — Security classification that shall be applied to information, the unauthorized 

disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage 

to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or 

describe. (EO 13526) 

torture — As defined by Title 18, US Code, Section 2340, it is any act committed by a 

person acting under color of law specifically intended to inflict severe physical or 

mental pain or suffering (other than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanctions) 

upon another person within his custody or physical control. “Severe mental pain or 

suffering” means the prolonged mental harm caused by or resulting from: (a) the 

intentional infliction or threatened infliction of severe physical pain or suffering; (b) the 

administration or application, or threatened administration or application, of mindaltering substances or other procedures calculated to disrupt profoundly the senses or 

personality; (c) the threat of imminent death; or (d) the threat that another person will 

imminently be subjected to death, severe physical pain or suffering, or the 

administration or application of mind-altering substances or other procedures calculated 

to disrupt profoundly the senses or personality. (JP 2-01.2) 

toss bombing — A method of bombing where an aircraft flies on a line towards the target, 

pulls up in a vertical plane, releasing the bomb at an angle that will compensate for the 

effect of gravity drop on the bomb. Similar to loft bombing; unrestricted as to altitude. 

See also loft bombing. 

total materiel requirement — The sum of the peacetime force material requirement and 

the war reserve material requirement. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

316 JP 1-02 

total mobilization — See mobilization. 

toxic industrial biological — Any biological material manufactured, used, transported, or 

stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes which could pose an infectious 

or toxic threat. Also called TIB. (JP 3-11) 

toxic industrial chemical — A chemical developed or manufactured for use in industrial 

operations or research by industry, government, or academia. For example: pesticides, 

petrochemicals, fertilizers, corrosives, poisons, etc. These chemicals are not primarily 

manufactured for the specific purpose of producing human casualties or rendering 

equipment, facilities, or areas dangerous for human use. Hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen 

chloride, phosgene, and chloropicrin are industrial chemicals that also can be military 

chemical agents. Also called TIC. (JP 3-11) 

toxic industrial material — A generic term for toxic or radioactive substances in solid, 

liquid, aerosolized, or gaseous form that may be used, or stored for use, for industrial, 

commercial, medical, military, or domestic purposes. Toxic industrial material may be 

chemical, biological, or radioactive and described as toxic industrial chemical, toxic 

industrial biological, or toxic industrial radiological. Also called TIM. (JP 3-11) 

toxic industrial radiological — Any radiological material manufactured, used, transported, 

or stored by industrial, medical, or commercial processes. For example: spent fuel 

rods, medical sources, etc. Also called TIR. (JP 3-11) 

toxin — Poisonous substances that may be produced naturally (by bacteria, plants, fungi, 

snakes, insects, and other living organisms) or synthetically. (JP 3-11)

track — 1. A series of related contacts displayed on a data display console or other display 

device. 2. To display or record the successive positions of a moving object. 3. To lock 

onto a point of radiation and obtain guidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properly 

aimed, or to point continuously a target-locating instrument at a moving target. 5. The 

actual path of an aircraft above or a ship on the surface of the Earth. 6. One of the two 

endless belts on which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs. 7. A metal part forming a 

path for a moving object such as the track around the inside of a vehicle for moving a 

mounted machine gun. (JP 3-01) 

track correlation — Correlating track information for identification purposes using all 

available data. (JP 3-01) 

tracking — Precise and continuous position-finding of targets by radar, optical, or other 

means. (JP 3-07.4) 

track management — Defined set of procedures whereby the commander ensures accurate 

friendly and enemy unit and/or platform locations, and a dissemination procedure for 

filtering, combining, and passing that information to higher, adjacent, and subordinate 

commanders. (JP 3-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 317 

track of interest — In counterdrug operations, contacts that meet the initial sorting criteria 

applicable in the area where the contacts are detected. Also called TOI. See also

suspect. (JP 3-07.4) 

tradecraft — Specialized methods and equipment used in the organization and activity of 

intelligence organizations, especially techniques and methods for handling 

communications with agents. Operational practices and skills used in the performance 

of intelligence related duties. (JP 2-01.2) 

traffic flow security — The protection resulting from features, inherent in some 

cryptoequipment, that conceal the presence of valid messages on a communications 

circuit, normally achieved by causing the circuit to appear busy at all times. 

traffic management — The direction, control, and supervision of all functions incident to 

the procurement and use of freight and passenger transportation services. (JP 4-09) 

traffic pattern — The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, and 

taking off from an airport. The usual components of a traffic pattern are upwind leg, 

crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final approach. 

training aid — Any item developed or procured with the primary intent that it shall assist in 

training and the process of learning. (JP 1-06) 

training and readiness oversight — The authority that combatant commanders may 

exercise over assigned Reserve Component forces when not on active duty or when on 

active duty for training. As a matter of Department of Defense policy, this authority 

includes: a. Providing guidance to Service component commanders on operational 

requirements and priorities to be addressed in Military Department training and 

readiness programs; b. Commenting on Service component program recommendations 

and budget requests; c. Coordinating and approving participation by assigned Reserve 

Component forces in joint exercises and other joint training when on active duty for 

training or performing inactive duty for training; d. Obtaining and reviewing readiness 

and inspection reports on assigned Reserve Component forces; and e. Coordinating and 

reviewing mobilization plans (including post-mobilization training activities and 

deployability validation procedures) developed for assigned Reserve Component 

forces. Also called TRO. See also combatant commander. (JP 1) 

training unit — A unit established to provide military training to individual reservists or to 

Reserve Component units. (JP 4-05) 

transient — 1. Personnel, ships, or craft stopping temporarily at a post, station, or port to 

which they are not assigned or attached, and having destination elsewhere. 2. An 

independent merchant ship calling at a port and sailing within 12 hours, and for which 

routing instructions to a further port have been promulgated. 3. An individual awaiting 

orders, transport, etc., at a post or station to which he or she is not attached or assigned. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

318 JP 1-02 

transient forces — Forces that pass or stage through, or base temporarily within, the 

operational area of another command but are not under its operational control. See also 

force; transient. (JP 1) 

transit area — See staging area.

transit route — A sea route which crosses open waters normally joining two coastal routes. 

(JP 3-07.4) 

transit zone — The path taken by either airborne or seaborne smugglers. Zone can include 

transfer operations to another carrier (airdrop, at-sea transfer, etc.). See also arrival 

zone. (JP 3-07.4) 

transmission security — The component of communications security that results from all 

measures designed to protect transmissions from interception and exploitation by 

means other than cryptanalysis. See also communications security. (JP 6-0) 

transnational threat — Any activity, individual, or group not tied to a particular country or 

region that operates across international boundaries and threatens United States national 

security or interests. (JP 3-26)

transportability — The capability of material to be moved by towing, self-propulsion, or 

carrier via any means, such as railways, highways, waterways, pipelines, oceans, and 

airways. 

transport area — In amphibious operations, an area assigned to a transport organization for 

the purpose of debarking troops and equipment. See also inner transport area; outer 

transport area. (JP 3-02) 

transportation closure — The actual arrival date of a specified movement requirement at 

port of debarkation. 

transportation component command — The three component commands of United States 

Transportation Command: Air Force Air Mobility Command, Navy Military Sealift 

Command, and Army Surface Deployment and Distribution Command. Each 

transportation component command remains a major command of its parent Service and 

continues to organize, train, and equip its forces as specified by law. Each transportation 

component command also continues to perform Service-unique missions. Also called 

TCC. See also United States Transportation Command. (JP 4-01.6) 

transportation emergency — A situation created by a shortage of normal transportation 

capability and of a magnitude sufficient to frustrate military movement requirements, 

and which requires extraordinary action by the President or other designated authority 

to ensure continued movement of essential Department of Defense traffic. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 319 

transportation feasibility — A determination that the capability exists to move forces, 

equipment, and supplies from the point of origin to the final destination within the time 

required. See also operation plan. (JP 4-09) 

transportation feasible — A determination made by the supported commander that a draft 

operation plan can be supported with the apportioned transportation assets. (JP 5-0)

transportation movement requirement — The need for transport of units, personnel, or 

materiel from a specified origin to a specified destination within a specified timeframe. 

(JP 4-01) 

transportation priorities — Indicators assigned to eligible traffic that establish its 

movement precedence. Appropriate priority systems apply to the movement of traffic 

by sea and air. In times of emergency, priorities may be applicable to continental 

United States movements by land, water, or air. (JP 4-09) 

transportation system — All the land, water, and air routes and transportation assets 

engaged in the movement of US forces and their supplies across the range of military 

operations, involving both mature and immature theaters and at the strategic, 

operational, and tactical levels of war. (JP 4-0) 

transport group — An element that directly deploys and supports the landing of the 

landing force, and is functionally designated as a transport group in the amphibious task 

force organization. A transport group provides for the embarkation, movement to the 

objective, landing, and logistic support of the landing force. Transport groups comprise 

all sealift and airlift in which the landing force is embarked. They are categorized as 

follows: a. airlifted groups; b. Navy amphibious ship transport groups; and c. strategic 

sealift shipping groups. (JP 3-02) 

transporting (ordnance) — The movement or repositioning of ordnance or explosive 

devices along established explosive routes (does not apply to the aircraft flight line). 

See also ordnance. (JP 3-04) 

transshipment point — A location where material is transferred between vehicles. 

(JP 4-01.5) 

trim — The difference in draft at the bow and stern of a vessel or the manner in which a 

vessel floats in the water based on the distribution of cargo, stores and ballast aboard 

the vessel. See also draft; watercraft. (JP 4-01.6) 

troop space cargo — Cargo such as sea or barracks bags, bedding rolls or hammocks, 

locker trunks, and office equipment, normally stowed in an accessible place. This 

cargo will also include normal hand-carried combat equipment and weapons to be 

carried ashore by the assault troops.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

320 JP 1-02 

turnaround — The length of time between arriving at a point and being ready to depart 

from that point. (JP 4-01.5) 

turning movement — A variation of the envelopment in which the attacking force passes 

around or over the enemy’s principal defensive positions to secure objectives deep in 

the enemy’s rear to force the enemy to abandon his position or divert major forces to 

meet the threat. (JP 3-06) 

two-person rule — A system designed to prohibit access by an individual to nuclear 

weapons and certain designated components by requiring the presence at all times of at 

least two authorized persons, each capable of detecting incorrect or unauthorized 

procedures with respect to the task to be performed. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

U 

JP 1-02 321 

unanticipated target — A target of opportunity that was unknown or not expected to exist 

in the operational environment. See also target of opportunity. See also operational 

area; target; target of opportunity. (JP 3-60) 

unauthorized commitment — An agreement that is not binding solely because the United 

States Government representative who made it lacked the authority to enter into that 

agreement on behalf of the United States Government. See also ratification. (JP 4-10)

uncertain environment — Operational environment in which host government forces, 

whether opposed to or receptive to operations that a unit intends to conduct, do not 

have totally effective control of the territory and population in the intended operational 

area. (JP 3-0) 

unconventional assisted recovery — Nonconventional assisted recovery conducted by 

special operations forces. Also called UAR. See also authenticate; evader; recovery. 

(JP 3-50) 

unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell — A compartmented special 

operations forces facility, established by the joint force special operations component 

commander, staffed on a continuous basis by supervisory personnel and tactical 

planners to coordinate, synchronize, and de-conflict nonconventional assisted recovery 

operations within the operational area assigned to the joint force commander. Also 

called UARCC. See also joint operations center; joint personnel recovery center; 

special operations forces; unconventional assisted recovery. (JP 3-50) 

unconventional warfare — Activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or 

insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by 

operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied 

area. Also called UW. (JP 3-05) 

undersea warfare — Operations conducted to establish and maintain control of the 

underwater environment by denying an opposing force the effective use of underwater 

systems and weapons. It includes offensive and defensive submarine, antisubmarine, 

and mine warfare operations. Also called USW. See also antisubmarine warfare; 

mine warfare. (JP 3-32)

underwater demolition — The destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles that is 

normally accomplished by underwater demolition teams. (JP 3-34) 

underwater demolition team — A group of officers and enlisted specially trained and 

equipped to accomplish the destruction or neutralization of underwater obstacles and 

associated tasks. Also called UDT. (JP 3-34) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

322 JP 1-02 

unexploded explosive ordnance — Explosive ordnance which has been primed, fused, 

armed or otherwise prepared for action, and which has been fired, dropped, launched, 

projected, or placed in such a manner as to constitute a hazard to operations, 

installations, personnel, or material and remains unexploded either by malfunction or 

design or for any other cause. Also called UXO. See also explosive ordnance. 

 (JP 3-15) 

unified action — The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of 

governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of 

effort. (JP 1) 

unified combatant command — See unified command. (JP 1) 

unified command — A command with a broad continuing mission under a single 

commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military 

Departments that is established and so designated by the President, through the 

Secretary of Defense with the advice and assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs 

of Staff. Also called unified combatant command. See also combatant command; 

subordinate unified command. (JP 1) 

Unified Command Plan — The document, approved by the President, that sets forth basic 

guidance to all unified combatant commanders; establishes their missions, 

responsibilities, and force structure; delineates the general geographical area of 

responsibility for geographic combatant commanders; and specifies functional 

responsibilities for functional combatant commanders. Also called UCP. See also

combatant command; combatant commander. (JP 1) 

uniformed services — The Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Public Health Services. See also

Military Department; Military Service. (JP 1-0) 

unit — 1. Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority. 2. 

An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force. 3. A standard or basic 

quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or used. Also called unit of 

issue. 4. With regard to Reserve Component of the Armed Forces, a selected reserve 

unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit 

or to augment or be augmented by another unit. (JP 3-33) 

unit aircraft — Those aircraft provided an aircraft unit for the performance of a flying 

mission. 

United States — Includes the land area, internal waters, territorial sea, and airspace of the 

United States, including the following: a. US territories, possessions, and 

commonwealths; and b. Other areas over which the US Government has complete 

jurisdiction and control or has exclusive authority or defense responsibility. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 323 

United States Armed Forces — Used to denote collectively only the regular components 

of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. See also Armed 

Forces of the United States.

United States controlled shipping — That shipping under United States flag and selected 

ships under foreign flag considered to be under effective United States control. See also 

effective United States controlled ships. (JP 4-01.2) 

United States message text format — A program designed to enhance joint and combined 

combat effectiveness through standardization of message formats, data elements, and 

information exchange procedures. Also called USMTF. (JP 3-50) 

United States naval ship — A public vessel of the United States that is in the custody of 

the Navy and is: a. Operated by the Military Sealift Command and manned by a civil 

service crew; or b. Operated by a commercial company under contract to the Military 

Sealift Command and manned by a merchant marine crew. Also called USNS. See 

also Military Sealift Command. (JP 4-01.2) 

United States Signals Intelligence System — The unified organization of signals 

intelligence activities under the direction of the Director, National Security 

Agency/Chief, Central Security Service. It consists of the National Security 

Agency/Central Security Service, the components of the Military Services authorized to 

conduct signals intelligence, and such other entities (other than the Federal Bureau of 

Investigation) authorized by the National Security Council or the Secretary of Defense 

to conduct signals intelligence activities. Also called USSS. See also

counterintelligence. (JP 2-01.2) 

United States Transportation Command — The unified command with the mission to 

provide strategic air, land, and sea transportation and common-user port management 

for the Department of Defense across the range of military operations. Also called 

USTRANSCOM. See also global transportation network; single port manager; 

transportation component command; unified command. (JP 4-01) 

unit identification code — A six-character, alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies each 

Active, Reserve, and National Guard unit of the Armed Forces. Also called UIC. 

(JP 1-0) 

unitized load — A single item or a number of items packaged, packed, or arranged in a 

specified manner and capable of being handled as a unit. Unitization may be 

accomplished by placing the item or items in a container or by banding them securely 

together. See also palletized unit load. (ALPHA)

unit line number — A seven-character alphanumeric code that describes a unique 

increment of a unit deployment, i.e., advance party, main body, equipment by sea and 

air, reception team, or trail party, in a Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

time-phased force and deployment data. Also called ULN. 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

324 JP 1-02 

unit loading — The loading of troop units with their equipment and supplies in the same 

vessels, aircraft, or land vehicles. (JP 4-01.5) 

unit movement control center — A temporary organization activated by major subordinate 

commands and subordinate units during deployment to control and manage marshalling 

and movement. Also called UMCC. See also deployment; marshaling; unit. 

 (JP 3-35) 

unit of issue — In its special storage meaning, refers to the quantity of an item; as each 

number, dozen, gallon, pair, pound, ream, set, yard. Usually termed unit of issue to 

distinguish from “unit price.” See also unit.

unit movement data — A unit equipment and/or supply listing containing corresponding 

transportability data. Tailored unit movement data has been modified to reflect a 

specific movement requirement. Also called UMD. 

unit personnel and tonnage table — A table included in the loading plan of a combatloaded ship as a recapitulation of totals of personnel and cargo by type, listing cubic 

measurements and weight. Also called UP&TT. (3-02.1) 

unit type code — A Joint Chiefs of Staff developed and assigned code, consisting of five 

characters that uniquely identify a “type unit.” Also called UTC. (JP 4-02) 

unity of command — The operation of all forces under a single responsible commander 

who has the requisite authority to direct and employ those forces in pursuit of a 

common purpose. (JP 3-0)

unity of effort — Coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the 

participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization - the product 

of successful unified action. (JP 1) 

Universal Joint Task List — A menu of capabilities that may be selected by a joint force 

commander to accomplish the assigned mission. Also called UJTL. (JP 3-33) 

universal polar stereographic grid — A military grid prescribed for joint use in operations 

in limited areas and used for operations requiring precise position reporting. It covers 

areas between the 80 degree parallels and the poles. (JP 2-03) 

Universal Time — A measure of time that conforms, within a close approximation, to the 

mean diurnal rotation of the Earth and serves as the basis of civil timekeeping. Also 

called ZULU time. (Formerly called Greenwich Mean Time.) (JP 5-0) 

unknown — 1. A code meaning “information not available.” 2. An unidentified target. An 

aircraft or ship that has not been determined to be hostile, friendly, or neutral using 

identification friend or foe and other techniques, but that must be tracked by air defense 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 325 

or naval engagement systems. 3. An identity applied to an evaluated track that has not 

been identified. See also assumed friend; friend; neutral; suspect. (JP 3-01) 

unmanned aircraft — An aircraft or balloon that does not carry a human operator and is 

capable of flight under remote control or autonomous programming. Also called UA. 

(JP 3-52) 

unmanned aircraft system — That system whose components include the necessary 

equipment, network, and personnel to control an unmanned aircraft. Also called UAS. 

(JP 3-52) 

unplanned target — A target of opportunity that is known to exist in the operational 

environment. See also operational area; target; target of opportunity. (JP 3-60) 

unrestricted reporting — A process that a Service member uses to disclose, without 

requesting confidentiality or restricted reporting, that he or she is the victim of a sexual 

assault. (JP 1-0)

unstable patient — A patient whose physiological status is in fluctuation and for whom 

emergent, treatment, and/or surgical intervention are anticipated during treatment or 

evacuation; and the patient’s rapidly changing status and requirements are beyond the 

standard en route care capability and requires medical/surgical augmentation. (JP 4-02) 

unstuffing — The removal of cargo from a container. Also called stripping. (JP 4-09)

urban triad — The three elements that compose the urban environment: complex manmade physical terrain, a population of significant size and density, and an 

infrastructure. See also infrastructure; joint urban operations. (JP 3-06) 

use of force policy — Policy guidance issued by the Commandant, US Coast Guard, on the 

use of force and weapons. (JP 3-03) 

US forces — All Armed Forces (including the Coast Guard) of the United States, any 

person in the Armed Forces of the United States, and all equipment of any description 

that either belongs to the US Armed Forces or is being used (including Type I and II 

Military Sealift Command vessels), escorted, or conveyed by the US Armed Forces. 

US national — US citizen and US permanent and temporary legal resident aliens. 

US person — For intelligence purposes, a US person is defined as one of the following: (1) 

a US citizen; (2) an alien known by the intelligence agency concerned to be a 

permanent resident alien; (3) an unincorporated association substantially composed of 

US citizens or permanent resident aliens; or (4) a corporation incorporated in the 

United States, except for those directed and controlled by a foreign government or 

governments. (JP 2-01.2) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

326 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

V 

JP 1-02 327 

validate — Execution procedure used by combatant command components, supporting 

combatant commanders, and providing organizations to confirm to the supported 

commander and United States Transportation Command that all the information 

records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are error-free for 

automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, attributes, and 

availability of units and requirements. (JP 5-0) 

validation — 1. A process associated with the collection and production of intelligence that 

confirms that an intelligence collection or production requirement is sufficiently 

important to justify the dedication of intelligence resources, does not duplicate an 

existing requirement, and has not been previously satisfied. (JP 2-01) 2. A part of 

target development that ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and criteria 

outlined in the commander’s guidance and ensures compliance with the law of armed 

conflict and rules of engagement. (JP 3-60) 3. In computer modeling and simulation, 

the process of determining the degree to which a model or simulation is an accurate 

representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended uses of the model 

or simulation. (JP 3-35) 4. Execution procedure used by combatant command 

components, supporting combatant commanders, and providing organizations to 

confirm to the supported commander and United States Transportation Command that 

all the information records in a time-phased force and deployment data not only are 

error free for automation purposes, but also accurately reflect the current status, 

attributes, and availability of units and requirements. See also time-phased force and 

deployment data; verification. (JP 3-35) 

vehicle-borne improvised explosive device — A device placed or fabricated in an 

improvised manner on a vehicle incorporating destructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic, 

or incendiary chemicals and designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract. 

Otherwise known as a car bomb. Also called VBIED. (JP 3-10) 

vehicle cargo — Wheeled or tracked equipment, including weapons, that require certain 

deck space, head room, and other definite clearance. (JP 4-01.2)

vehicle summary and priority table — A table listing all vehicles by priority of 

debarkation from a combat-loaded ship. It includes the nomenclature, dimensions, 

square feet, cubic feet, weight, and stowage location of each vehicle; the cargo loaded 

in each vehicle; and the name of the unit to which the vehicle belongs. Also called 

VS&PT. (JP 3-02.1) 

verification — 1. In arms control, any action, including inspection, detection, and 

identification, taken to ascertain compliance with agreed measures. (JP 3-41) 2. In 

computer modeling and simulation, the process of determining that a model or 

simulation implementation accurately represents the developer’s conceptual description 

and specifications. See also configuration management; validation. (JP 3-13.1) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

328 JP 1-02 

vertex height — See maximum ordinate.

vertical and/or short takeoff and landing — Vertical and/or short takeoff and landing 

capability for aircraft. 

vertical envelopment — A tactical maneuver in which troops, either air-dropped or airlanded, attack the rear and flanks of a force, in effect cutting off or encircling the force. 

(JP 3-18) 

vertical landing zone — A specified ground area for landing vertical takeoff and landing 

aircraft to embark or disembark troops and/or cargo. A landing zone may contain one 

or more landing sites. Also called VLZ. See also landing zone; vertical takeoff and 

landing aircraft. (JP 3-02) 

vertical replenishment — The use of a helicopter for the transfer of materiel to or from a 

ship. Also called VERTREP. (JP 3-04) 

vertical stowage — A method of stowage in depth within a single compartment by which 

loaded items are continually accessible for unloading, and the unloading can be 

completed without corresponding changes or prior unloading of other cargo. (JP 3-02.1) 

vertical takeoff and landing aircraft — Fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters capable of 

taking off or landing vertically. Also called VTOL aircraft. See also vertical landing 

zone. (JP 3-02) 

very small aperture terminal — Refers to a fixed satellite terminal whose antenna 

diameter typically does not exceed two meters. Also called VSAT.

vesicant agent — See blister agent. (JP 3-11) 

vetting — A part of target development that assesses the accuracy of the supporting 

intelligence to targeting. (JP 3-60) 

visual information — Various visual media with or without sound. Generally, visual 

information includes still and motion photography, audio video recording, graphic arts, 

visual aids, models, display, and visual presentations. Also called VI. (JP 3-61) 

visual meteorological conditions — Weather conditions in which visual flight rules apply; 

expressed in terms of visibility, ceiling height, and aircraft clearance from clouds along 

the path of flight. When these criteria do not exist, instrument meteorological 

conditions prevail and instrument flight rules must be complied with. Also called

VMC. See also instrument meteorological conditions. (JP 3-04) 

Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement — An agreement that provides the Department 

of Defense with assured access to United States flag assets, both vessel capacity and 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 329 

intermodal systems, to meet Department of Defense contingency requirements. Also 

called VISA. See also intermodal; intermodal systems. (JP 4-01.2) 

voluntary tanker agreement — An agreement established by the Maritime Administration 

to provide for United States commercial tanker owners and operators to voluntarily 

make their vessels available to satisfy the Department of Defense to meet contingency 

or war requirements for point-to-point petroleum, oils, and lubricants movements. Also 

called VTA. (JP 4-01.2) 

vulnerability — 1. The susceptibility of a nation or military force to any action by any 

means through which its war potential or combat effectiveness may be reduced or its 

will to fight diminished. (JP 3-01) 2. The characteristics of a system that cause it to 

suffer a definite degradation (incapability to perform the designated mission) as a result 

of having been subjected to a certain level of effects in an unnatural (man-made) hostile 

environment. (JP 3-60) 3. In information operations, a weakness in information 

system security design, procedures, implementation, or internal controls that could be 

exploited to gain unauthorized access to information or an information system. See 

also information operations; information system. (JP 3-13) 

vulnerability assessment — A Department of Defense, command, or unit-level evaluation 

(assessment) to determine the vulnerability of a terrorist attack against an installation, 

unit, exercise, port, ship, residence, facility, or other site. Identifies areas of 

improvement to withstand, mitigate, or deter acts of violence or terrorism. Also called 

VA. (JP 3-07.2) 

vulnerable node — See target stress point.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

330 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

W 

JP 1-02 331 

walk-in — An unsolicited contact who provides information. (JP 2-01.2) 

warden system — An informal method of communication used to pass information to US 

citizens during emergencies. See also noncombatant evacuation operations. 

 (JP 3-68) 

warning — 1. A communication and acknowledgment of dangers implicit in a wide spectrum 

of activities by potential opponents ranging from routine defense measures to substantial 

increases in readiness and force preparedness and to acts of terrorism or political, 

economic, or military provocation. 2. Operating procedures, practices, or conditions that 

may result in injury or death if not carefully observed or followed. (JP 3-04) 

warning order — 1. A preliminary notice of an order or action that is to follow. 2. A 

planning directive that initiates the development and evaluation of military courses of 

action by a supported commander and requests that the supported commander submit a 

commander’s estimate. 3. A planning directive that describes the situation, allocates 

forces and resources, establishes command relationships, provides other initial planning 

guidance, and initiates subordinate unit mission planning. Also called WARNORD. 

(JP 5-0) 

warp — To haul a ship ahead by line or anchor. (JP 4-01.6) 

war reserve materiel requirement — That portion of the war materiel requirement 

required to be on hand on D-day. This level consists of the war materiel requirement 

less the sum of the peacetime assets assumed to be available on D-day and the war 

materiel procurement capability. (JP 4-02) 

war reserves — Stocks of materiel amassed in peacetime to meet the increase in military 

requirements consequent upon an outbreak of war. (JP 4-01.5) 

war reserve stock — That portion of total materiel assets designated to satisfy the war 

reserve materiel requirement. Also called WRS. See also reserve; war reserve 

materiel requirement; war reserves. (JP 2-03) 

wartime reserve modes — Characteristics and operating procedures of sensor, 

communications, navigation aids, threat recognition, weapons, and countermeasures 

systems that will contribute to military effectiveness if unknown to or misunderstood 

by opposing commanders before they are used, but could be exploited or neutralized if 

known in advance. Also called WARM. (JP 3-13.1) 

Washington Liaison Group — An interagency committee and/or joint monitoring body, 

chaired by the Department of State with representation from the Department of Defense, 

established to coordinate the preparation and implementation of plans for evacuation of 

United States citizens abroad in emergencies. Also called WLG. (JP 3-68) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

332 JP 1-02 

watercraft — Any vessel or craft designed specifically and only for movement on the 

surface of the water. (JP 4-01.6) 

waterspace management — The allocation of waterspace in terms of antisubmarine 

warfare attack procedures to permit the rapid and effective engagement of hostile 

submarines while preventing inadvertent attacks on friendly submarines. Also called 

WSM. (JP 3-32) 

wave — A formation of forces, including ships, craft, amphibious vehicles or aircraft, 

required to beach or land about the same time. Waves can be classified by function: 

scheduled, on-call, or non-scheduled. Waves can also be classified by type of craft, 

e.g., assault, helicopter, or landing craft. (JP 3-02) 

wave crest — The highest part of a wave. See also wave. (JP 4-01.6) 

wave height — The vertical distance between trough and crest, usually expressed in feet. 

See also wave. (JP 4-01.6) 

wave length — The horizontal distance between successive wave crests measured 

perpendicular to the crest, usually expressed in feet. See also wave; wave crest. 

 (JP 4-01.6) 

wave period — The time it takes for two successive wave crests to pass a given point. See 

also wave; wave crest. (JP 4-01.6) 

wave trough — The lowest part of the wave between crests. See also wave. (JP 4-01.6) 

wave velocity — The speed at which a wave form advances across the sea, usually 

expressed in knots. See also wave. (JP 4-01.6) 

W-day — See times.

weaponeering — The process of determining the quantity of a specific type of lethal or 

nonlethal weapons required to achieve a specific level of damage to a given target, 

considering target vulnerability, weapons characteristics and effects, and delivery 

parameters. (JP 3-60) 

weapon engagement zone — In air defense, airspace of defined dimensions within which 

the responsibility for engagement of air threats normally rests with a particular weapon 

system. Also called WEZ. (JP 3-01) 

weapons control status — An air defense control measure declared for a particular area 

and time by an area air defense commander, or delegated subordinate commander, 

based on the rules of engagement designed to establish the freedom for fighters and 

surface air defense weapons to engage threats. Also call WCS. (JP 3-01)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 333 

weapons free zone — An air defense zone established for the protection of key assets or 

facilities, other than air bases, where weapon systems may be fired at any target not 

positively recognized as friendly. (JP 3-01) 

weapons of mass destruction — Chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons 

capable of a high order of destruction or causing mass casualties and exclude the means 

of transporting or propelling the weapon where such means is a separable and divisible 

part from the weapon. Also called WMD. See also special operations. (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction active defense — Active measures to defeat an attack with 

chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons by employing actions to divert, 

neutralize, or destroy those weapons or their means of delivery while en route to their 

target. Also called WMD active defense. (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction - civil support team — Joint National Guard (Army 

National Guard and Air National Guard) team established to deploy rapidly to assist a 

local incident commander in determining the nature and extent of a weapons of mass 

destruction attack or incident; provide expert technical advice on weapons of mass 

destruction response operations; and help identify and support the arrival of follow-on 

state and federal military response assets. Also called WMD-CST. (JP 3-28) 

weapons of mass destruction consequence management — Actions authorized by the 

Secretary of Defense to mitigate the effects of a weapon of mass destruction attack or 

event and, if necessary, provide temporary essential operations and services at home 

and abroad. Also called WMD CM. (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction elimination — Actions undertaken in a hostile or uncertain 

environment to systematically locate, characterize, secure, and disable, or destroy 

weapons of mass destruction programs and related capabilities. Also called WMD 

elimination. (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction interdiction — Operations to track, intercept, search, divert, 

seize, or otherwise stop the transit of weapons of mass destruction, its delivery systems, 

or related materials, technologies, and expertise. Also called WMD interdiction. 

 (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction offensive operations — Actions to disrupt, neutralize, or 

destroy a weapon of mass destruction threat before it can be used, or to deter 

subsequent use of such weapons. Also called WMD offensive operations. (JP 3-40) 

weapons of mass destruction security cooperation and partner activities — Activities to 

improve or promote defense relationships and capacity of allied and partner nations to 

execute or support the other military mission areas to combat weapons of mass 

destruction through military-to-military contact, burden sharing arrangements, 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

334 JP 1-02 

combined military activities, and support to international activities. Also called WMD 

security cooperation. (JP 3-40) 

weapons readiness state — The degree of readiness of air defense weapons which can 

become airborne or be launched to carry out an assigned task and normally expressed 

in numbers of weapons and numbers of minutes. (JP 3-01) 

weapons release authority — The authority originating from the President to engage or 

direct engagement of ballistic missile threats using ground-based interceptors of the 

ground-based midcourse defense. Also call WRA. (JP 3-01)

weapons technical intelligence — A category of intelligence and processes derived from 

the technical and forensic collection and exploitation of improvised explosive devices, 

associated components, improvised weapons, and other weapon systems. Also called 

WTI. (JP 3-15.1) 

weapon system — A combination of one or more weapons with all related equipment, 

materials, services, personnel, and means of delivery and deployment (if applicable) 

required for self-sufficiency. (JP 3-0) 

weather deck — A deck having no overhead protection; uppermost deck. (JP 4-01.6) 

wellness — Force health protection program that consolidates and incorporates physical and 

mental fitness, health promotion, and environmental and occupational health. See also 

force health protection. (JP 4-02) 

wharf — A structure built of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank that 

provides cargo-handling facilities. See also quay. (JP 4-01.5) 

white cap — A small wave breaking offshore as a result of the action of strong winds. See 

also wave. (JP 4-01.6) 

winch — A hoisting machine used for loading and discharging cargo and stores or for 

hauling in lines. (JP 4-01.6) 

wing — 1. An Air Force unit composed normally of one primary mission group and the 

necessary supporting organizations, i.e., organizations designed to render supply, 

maintenance, hospitalization, and other services required by the primary mission 

groups. Primary mission groups may be functional, such as combat, training, transport, 

or service. 2. A fleet air wing is the basic organizational and administrative unit for 

naval-, land-, and tender-based aviation. Such wings are mobile units to which are 

assigned aircraft squadrons and tenders for administrative organization control. 3. A 

balanced Marine Corps task organization of aircraft groups and squadrons, together 

with appropriate command, air control, administrative, service, and maintenance units. 

A standard Marine Corps aircraft wing contains the aviation elements normally 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

JP 1-02 335 

required for the air support of a Marine division. 4. A flank unit; that part of a military 

force to the right or left of the main body. 

withdrawal operation — A planned retrograde operation in which a force in contact 

disengages from an enemy force and moves in a direction away from the enemy. 

witting — A term of intelligence art that indicates that one is not only aware of a fact or piece 

of information but also aware of its connection to intelligence activities. (JP 2-01.2) 

working capital fund — A revolving fund established to finance inventories of supplies 

and other stores, or to provide working capital for industrial-type activities. (JP 1-06) 

working group — An enduring or ad hoc organization within a joint force commander’s 

headquarters consisting of a core functional group and other staff and component 

representatives whose purpose is to provide analysis on the specific function to users. 

Also called WG. (JP 3-33) 

Worldwide Port System — Automated information system to provide cargo management 

and accountability to water port and regional commanders while providing in-transit 

visibility to the Global Transportation Network. Also called WPS. See also Global 

Transportation Network. (JP 4-01) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

336 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

X 

JP 1-02 337 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

338 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

Y 

JP 1-02 339 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

340 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

Z 

JP 1-02 341 

zone of action — A tactical subdivision of a larger area, the responsibility for which is 

assigned to a tactical unit; generally applied to offensive action. (JP 3-09) 

zone of fire — An area into which a designated ground unit or fire support ship delivers, or 

is prepared to deliver, fire support. Fire may or may not be observed. Also called ZF. 

(JP 3-09) 

ZULU time — See Universal Time.
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

342 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

APPENDIX A 

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

JP 1-02 A-1 

A 

A analog 

A&P administrative and personnel; analysis and production 

A2C2 Army airspace command and control 

A-2 intelligence staff officer (Air Force)

A-3 operations directorate (COMAFFOR staff); 

 operations staff officer (Air Force) 

A-4 Air Force logistics directorate

A-5 plans directorate (COMAFFOR staff) 

A-6 communications staff officer (Air Force)

AA assessment agent; avenue of approach 

AAA antiaircraft artillery; arrival and assembly area; assign 

 alternate area 

AAAS amphibious aviation assault ship 

AABB American Association of Blood Banks 

AABWS amphibious assault bulk water system 

AAC activity address code 

AACG arrival airfield control group 

AADC area air defense commander 

AADP area air defense plan 

AA&E arms, ammunition, and explosives 

AAEC aeromedical evacuation control team 

AAFES Army and Air Force Exchange Service 

AAFIF automated air facility information file 

AAFS amphibious assault fuel system 

AAFSF amphibious assault fuel supply facility 

AAG aeronautical assignment group

AAGS Army air-ground system 

AAI air-to-air interface 

AAM air-to-air missile 

AAMDC US Army Air and Missile Defense Command 

AAOE arrival and assembly operations element 

AAOG arrival and assembly operations group 

AAP Allied administrative publication; assign alternate parent 

AAR after action report; after action review; air-to-air refueling 

 area 

AAST aeromedical evacuation administrative support team 

AAT automatic analog test; aviation advisory team 

AATCC amphibious air traffic control center 

AAU analog applique unit 

AAV amphibious assault vehicle 

AAW antiair warfare 

AB air base 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-2 JP 1-02 

ABCA American, British, Canadian, Australian Armies 

 Program 

ABCS Army Battle Command System 

ABD airbase defense 

ABFC advanced base functional component 

ABFDS aerial bulk fuel delivery system 

ABFS amphibious bulk fuel system 

ABGD air base ground defense 

ABIS Automated Biometric Identification System

ABL airborne laser 

ABLTS amphibious bulk liquid transfer system 

ABM antiballistic missile 

ABN airborne 

ABNCP Airborne Command Post 

ABO air base operability; blood typing system 

ABP air battle plan 

A/C aircraft 

AC Active Component; alternating current 

AC2 airspace command and control 

AC-130 Hercules 

ACA air clearance authority; airlift clearance authority; 

 airspace control authority; airspace coordination area 

ACAA automatic chemical agent alarm 

ACAPS area communications electronics capabilities 

ACAT aeromedical evacuation command augmentation team 

ACB amphibious construction battalion 

ACC Air Combat Command; air component commander; area 

 coordination center; Army Contracting Command 

ACCE air component coordination element 

ACCON acoustic condition 

ACCS air command and control system 

ACCSA Allied Communications and Computer Security Agency 

ACD automated cargo documentation

ACDO assistant command duty officer 

ACE airborne command element (USAF); air combat element 

 (NATO); Allied Command Europe; aviation combat 

 element (USMC) 

ACEOI automated communications-electronics operating 

 instructions 

ACF air contingency force 

ACI assign call inhibit 

ACIC Army Counterintelligence Center 

ACINT acoustic intelligence 

ACK acknowledgement 

ACL access control list; allowable cabin load 

ACLANT Allied Command Atlantic 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-3 

ACLP affiliated contingency load planning 

ACM advanced conventional munitions; advanced cruise missile; 

 air combat maneuver; air contingency Marine air-ground 

 task force (MAGTF); airspace coordinating measure 

ACMREQ airspace control means request; airspace coordination 

 measures request 

ACN assign commercial network 

ACO administrative contracting officer; airspace control order 

ACOA adaptive course of action 

ACOC area communications operations center 

ACOCC air combat operations command center 

ACOS assistant chief of staff 

ACP access control point; air commander’s pointer; airspace 

 control plan; Allied communications publication; 

 assign common pool 

ACR armored cavalry regiment (Army); 

 assign channel reassignment 

ACS agile combat support; air-capable ship; airspace control 

 system; auxiliary crane ship 

ACSA acquisition and cross-servicing agreement; Allied 

 Communications Security Agency 

AC/S, C4I Assistant Chief of Staff, Command, Control, 

 Communications, Computers, and Intelligence 

 (USMC) 

ACT activity; advance civilian team; 

 Allied Command Transformation 

ACU assault craft unit 

ACV aircraft cockpit video; armored combat vehicle 

ACW advanced conventional weapons 

A/D analog-to-digital 

AD active duty; advanced deployability; air defense; 

 automatic distribution; priority add-on 

ADA aerial damage assessment; air defense artillery 

A/DACG arrival/departure airfield control group 

ADAFCO air defense artillery fire control officer 

ADAL authorized dental allowance list 

ADAM air defense airspace management 

ADAM/BAE air defense airspace management/brigade aviation element 

ADAMS Allied Deployment and Movement System 

ADANS Air Mobility Command Deployment Analysis System 

ADC air defense commander; area damage control 

ADCAP advanced capability 

A/DCG arrival/departure control group 

ADCI/MS Associate Director of Central Intelligence for Military 

 Support 

ADCON administrative control 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-4 JP 1-02 

ADD assign on-line diagnostic 

ADDO Assistant Deputy Director for Operations 

ADDO(MS) Assistant Deputy Director for Operations/Military 

 Support 

ADE assign digit editing 

ADF automatic direction finding 

ADIZ air defense identification zone 

ADKC/RCU Automatic Key Distribution Center/Rekeying Control Unit 

ADL advanced distributed learning; assign XX (SL) routing 

ADMIN administration 

ADN Allied Command Europe desired ground zero number 

ADNET anti-drug network 

ADOC air defense operations center 

ADP air defense plan; automated data processing 

ADPE automated data processing equipment 

ADPS automatic data processing system 

ADR accident data recorder; aircraft damage repair; airfield 

 damage repair 

ADRA Adventist Development and Relief Agency 

ADS air defense section; air defense sector; 

 amphibian discharge site 

ADSIA Allied Data Systems Interoperability Agency 

ADSW active duty for special work 

ADT active duty for training; assign digital transmission group; 

 automatic digital tester 

ADUSD(TP) Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, 

 Transportation Policy 

ADVON advanced echelon 

ADW air defense warnings 

ADWC air defense warning condition 

ADZ amphibious defense zone 

A/E ammunition/explosives

AE aeromedical evacuation; assault echelon; attenuation 

 equalizer 

AEC aeromedical evacuation crew 

AECA Arms Export Control Act 

AECM aeromedical evacuation crew member 

AECS aeromedical evacuation command squadron 

AECT aeromedical evacuation control team 

AEG air expeditionary group 

AELT aeromedical evacuation liaison team 

AEOS aeromedical evacuation operations squadron 

AEOT aeromedical evacuation operations team 

AEPS aircrew escape propulsion system 

AEPST aeromedical evacuation plans and strategy team 

AES aeromedical evacuation squadron 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-5 

AESC aeromedical evacuation support cell 

AET airport emergency team 

AETC Air Education and Training Command 

AETF air and space expeditionary task force 

A/ETF automated/electronic target folder 

AEU assign essential user bypass 

AEW airborne early warning 

AF Air Force; Air Force (form); amphibious force 

AF/A2 Air Force Director of Intelligence, Surveillance, 

 and Reconnaissance

AFAARS Air Force After Action Reporting System 

AFARN Air Force air request net 

AFATDS Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System 

AFB Air Force base 

AFC area frequency coordinator; automatic frequency control 

AFCA Air Force Communications Agency 

AFCAP Air Force contract augmentation program; Armed 

 Forces contract augmentation program 

AFCB Armed Forces Chaplains Board 

AFCC Air Force Component Commander 

AFCCC Air Force Combat Climatology Center 

AFCEE Air Force Center for Engineering and the Environment 

AFCENT Allied Forces Central Europe (NATO) 

AFCERT Air Force computer emergency response team 

AFCESA Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency 

AFD assign fixed directory 

AFDC Air Force Doctrine Center 

AFDD Air Force doctrine document 

AFDIGS Air Force digital graphics system 

AFDIL Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory 

AFDIS Air Force Weather Agency Dial In Subsystem 

AF/DP Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, United States Air Force 

AFE Armed Forces Entertainment 

AFEES Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station 

AFFIS Air Facilities File Information System 

AFFMA Air Force Frequency Management Agency 

AFFOR Air Force forces 

AFH Air Force handbook 

AFHSC Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center 

AFI Air Force instruction 

AFIAA Air Force Intelligence Analysis Agency

AFID anti-fratricide identification device 

AF/IL Deputy Chief of Staff for Installations and Logistics, USAF 

AFIP Armed Forces Institute of Pathology 

AFIRB Armed Forces Identification Review Board

AFIS American Forces Information Service 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-6 JP 1-02 

AFISRA Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and 

 Reconnaissance Agency

AFIWC Air Force Information Warfare Center 

AFJI Air Force joint instruction 

AFJMAN Air Force Joint Manual 

AFLC Air Force Logistics Command 

AFLE Air Force liaison element 

AFLNO Air Force liaison officer 

AFMAN Air Force manual 

AFMC Air Force Materiel Command 

AFMD Air Force Mission Directive 

AFME Armed Forces Medical Examiner 

AFMES Armed Forces Medical Examiner System 

AFMIC Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center 

AFMLO Air Force Medical Logistics Office 

AFMS Air Force Medical Service 

AFNORTH Air Force North; Allied Forces Northern Europe (NATO) 

AFNORTHWEST Allied Forces North West Europe (NATO) 

AFNSEP Air Force National Security and Emergency Preparedness 

 Agency 

AFOA Air Force Operations Activity 

AFOE assault follow-on echelon 

AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations 

AFPAM Air Force pamphlet 

AFPC Air Force Personnel Center 

AFPD Air Force policy directive 

AFPEO Armed Forces Professional Entertainment Overseas 

AFR Air Force Reserve; assign frequency for network reporting 

AFRAT Air Force Radiation Assessment Team

AFRC Air Force Reserve Command; Armed Forces Recreation 

 Center 

AFRCC Air Force rescue coordination center 

AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory

AFRRI Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute 

AFRTS American Forces Radio and Television Service 

AFS aeronautical fixed service 

AFSATCOM Air Force satellite communications (system) 

AFSB Army field support brigade

AFSC Armed Forces Staff College; Army Field Support Center; 

 United States Air Force specialty code 

AFSCN Air Force Satellite Control Network

AFSMO Air Force Spectrum Management Office

AFSOC Air Force Special Operations Command; 

 Air Force special operations component 

AFSOCC Air Force special operations control center 

AFSOD Air Force special operations detachment 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-7 

AFSOE Air Force special operations element 

AFSOF Air Force special operations forces 

AFSOUTH Allied Forces, South (NATO) 

AFSPACE United States Space Command Air Force 

AFSPC Air Force Space Command 

AFSPOC Air Force Space Operations Center 

AFTAC Air Force Technical Applications Center 

AFTH Air Force Theater Hospital 

AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network 

AFTO Air Force technical order 

AFTRANS Air Force Transportation Component 

AFTTP Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures; Air Force 

 technical training publication 

AFTTP(I) Air Force tactics, techniques, and procedures (instruction) 

AFW Air Force Weather 

AFWA Air Force Weather Agency 

AFWCF Air Force working capital fund 

AFWIN Air Force Weather Information Network 

AF/XO Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, United 

 States Air Force 

AF/XOI Air Force Director of Intelligence, Surveillance, and 

 Reconnaissance 

AF/XOO Director of Operations, United States Air Force 

A/G air to ground 

AG adjutant general (Army) 

AGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development 

AGE aerospace ground equipment 

AGIL airborne general illumination lightself 

AGL above ground level 

AGM-28A Hound Dog 

AGM-65 Maverick 

AGM-69 short range attack missile 

AGR Active Guard and Reserve 

AGS aviation ground support 

AHA alert holding area 

AHD antihandling device 

AI airborne interceptor; air interdiction; area of interest 

AIA Air Intelligence Agency 

AIASA annual integrated assessment for security assistance 

AIC air intercept controller; assign individual compressed 

 dial; Atlantic Intelligence Command 

AICF/USA Action Internationale Contre La Faim (International Action 

 Against Hunger) 

AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 

AIF automated installation intelligence file 

AIFA AAFES Imprest Fund Activity 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-8 JP 1-02 

AIG addressee indicator group 

AIIRS automated intelligence information reporting system 

AIK assistance in kind 

AIM Airman’s Information Manual 

AIM-7 Sparrow 

AIM-9 Sidewinder 

AIM-54A Phoenix 

AIMD aircraft intermediate maintenance department 

AIP aeronautical information publication 

AIQC antiterrorism instructor qualification course 

AIRBAT Airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 

 Requirements-Based Allocation Tool 

AIRCENT Allied Air Forces Central Europe (NATO) 

AIRES advanced imagery requirements exploitation system 

AIREVACCONFIRM air evacuation confirmation 

AIREVACREQ air evacuation request 

AIREVACRESP air evacuation response 

AIRNORTHWEST Allied Air Forces North West Europe (NATO) 

AIRREQRECON air request reconnaissance 

AIRSOUTH Allied Air Forces Southern Europe (NATO) 

AIRSUPREQ air support request 

AIS automated information system 

AIT aeromedical isolation team; automated identification 

 technology; automated information technology 

AIU Automatic Digital Network Interface Unit 

AJ anti-jam 

AJBPO area joint blood program office 

AJCC alternate joint communications center 

AJ/CM anti-jam control modem 

AJF allied joint force 

AJFP adaptive joint force packaging 

AJMRO area joint medical regulating office 

AJNPE airborne joint nuclear planning element 

AJP allied joint publication 

AK commercial cargo ship 

AKNLDG acknowledge message 

ALARA as low as reasonably achievable

ALCC airlift control center 

ALCE airlift control element 

ALCF airlift control flight 

ALCG analog line conditioning group 

ALCM air launched cruise missile 

ALCOM United States Alaskan Command 

ALCON all concerned 

ALCS airlift control squadron 

ALCT airlift control team 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-9 

ALD airborne laser designator; available-to-load date 

ALE airlift liaison element 

ALEP amphibious lift enhancement program 

ALERFA alert phase (ICAO) 

ALERT attack and launch early reporting to theater 

ALERTORD alert order 

ALLOREQ air allocation request; allocation request 

ALLTV all light level television 

ALMSNSCD airlift mission schedule 

ALN ammunition lot number

ALNOT alert notice 

ALO air liaison officer 

ALOC air line of communications 

ALORD alert launch order 

ALP Allied Logistic Publication 

ALSA Air Land Sea Application (Center) 

ALSS advanced logistic support site 

ALT acquisition, logistics, and technology

ALTD airborne laser target designator 

ALTRV altitude reservation 

ALTTSC alternate Tomahawk strike coordinator 

A/M approach and moor 

AM amplitude modulation 

AMAL authorized medical allowance list 

AMB air mobility branch; ambassador 

AMBUS ambulance bus 

AMC airborne mission coordinator; Air Mobility Command; 

 Army Materiel Command: midpoint compromise 

 search area 

AMCC allied movement coordination center; alternate military 

 command center 

AMCIT American citizen 

AMCM airborne mine countermeasures 

AMC/SGXM Air Mobility Command/Command Surgeon’s Office

AMCT air mobility control team 

AMD air and missile defense; air mobility division 

AMDC air and missile defense commander

AME antenna mounted electronics 

AMEDD Army Medical Department 

AMEDDCS U.S. Army Medical Department Center and School 

AMedP Allied Medical Publication

AMEMB American Embassy 

AMF(L) ACE Mobile Force (Land) (NATO) 

AMH automated message handler 

AMHS automated message handling system 

AMIO alien migrant interdiction operations 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-10 JP 1-02 

AMLO air mobility liaison officer 

AMMO ammunition 

AMOC Air Marine Operations Center 

AMOCC air mobility operations control center 

AMOG air mobility operations group 

AMOPES Army Mobilization and Operations Planning and 

 Execution System 

AMOPS Army mobilization and operations planning system; Army 

 mobilization operations system 

AMOS air mobility operations squadron 

AMOSS Air and Marine Operations Surveillance System 

AMOW air mobility operations wing 

AMP amplifier; analysis of mobility platform 

AMPE automated message processing exchange 

AMPN amplification 

AMP-PAT analysis of mobility platform suite of port analysis tools 

AMPSSO Automated Message Processing System Security Office 

 (or Officer) 

AMRAAM advanced medium-range air-to-air missile 

AMS aerial measuring system; air mobility squadron; Army 

 management structure; Asset Management System 

AMSS air mobility support squadron 

AMT aerial mail terminal 

AMVER automated mutual-assistance vessel rescue system 

AMW air mobility wing; amphibious warfare 

AN alphanumeric; analog nonsecure 

ANCA Allied Naval Communications Agency 

ANDVT advanced narrowband digital voice terminal 

ANG Air National Guard 

ANGLICO air-naval gunfire liaison company 

ANGUS Air National Guard of the United States 

A/NM administrative/network management 

ANMCC Alternate National Military Command Center 

ANN assign NNX routing 

ANR Alaskan North American Aerospace Defense Command 

 Region 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

ANX assign NNXX routing 

ANY assign NYX routing 

ANZUS Australia-New Zealand-United States Treaty 

AO action officer; administration officer; air officer; area of 

 operations; aviation ordnance person 

AO&M administration, operation, and maintenance 

AOA amphibious objective area 

AOB advanced operations base; aviation operations branch 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-11 

AOC air and space operations center (USAF); air operations 

 center; Army operations center 

AOCC air operations control center 

AOC-E Aviation Operations Center-East (USCS) 

AOCU analog orderwire control unit 

AOC-W Aviation Operations Center-West (USCS) 

AOD air operations directive; on-line diagnostic 

AOF azimuth of fire 

AOG Army Operations Group 

AOI area of interest 

AOP air operations plan; area of probability 

AOR area of responsibility 

AOSS aviation ordnance safety supervisor 

AOTR Aviation Operational Threat Response 

AP allied publication; antipersonnel; average power 

APA Army pre-positioned afloat 

APAN Asia-Pacific Area Network 

APC aerial port commander; assign 

 preprogrammed conference list 

APCC alternate processing and correlation center 

APE airfield pavement evaluation

APES Automated Patient Evacuation System 

APEX Adaptive Planning and Execution

APF afloat pre-positioning force 

APG aimpoint graphic 

APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 

APIC allied press information center 

APL antipersonnel land mine 

APO afloat pre-positioning operations; Air Force post office; 

 Army post office 

APOD aerial port of debarkation 

APOE aerial port of embarkation 

APORT aerial port 

APORTSREP air operations bases report 

APP allied procedural publication 

APPS analytical photogrammetric positioning system 

APR assign primary zone routing 

APS aerial port squadron; Army pre-positioned stocks 

APS-3 afloat pre-positioning stocks; Army pre-positioned 

 stocks-3 

APU auxiliary power unit 

AR air refueling; Army regulation; Army reserve 

ARB alternate recovery base; assign receive bypass lists 

ARBS angle rate bombing system 

ARC air Reserve Components; American Red Cross 

ARCENT United States Army Central Command 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-12 JP 1-02 

ARCP air refueling control point 

ARCT air refueling control team; air refueling control time 

ARDF automatic radio direction finding 

AREC air resource element coordinator 

ARFOR Army forces 

ARG amphibious ready group 

ARGO automatic ranging grid overlay 

ARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporated 

ARIP air refueling initiation point 

ARL-M airborne reconnaissance low-multifunction 

ARM antiradiation missile 

ARNG Army National Guard 

ARNGUS Army National Guard of the United States 

ARP air refueling point 

ARPERCEN United States Army Reserve Personnel Center 

ARQ automatic request-repeat 

ARRC Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps (NATO) 

ARRDATE arrival date 

ARS acute radiation syndrome; air rescue service 

ARSOA Army special operations aviation 

ARSOC Army special operations component 

ARSOF Army special operations forces 

ARSOTF Army special operations task force 

ARSPACE Army Space Command 

ARSPOC Army space operations center 

ARSST Army space support team

ART air reserve technician 

ARTCC air route traffic control center 

ARTS III Automated Radar Tracking System 

ARTYMET artillery meteorological 

AS analog secure; aviation ship 

A/S anti-spoofing 

ASA automatic spectrum analyzer 

ASA(ALT) Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, 

 Logistics, and Technology

ASAP as soon as possible 

ASARS Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar System 

ASAS All Source Analysis System 

ASAT antisatellite weapon 

ASB naval advanced support base 

ASBP Armed Services Blood Program 

ASBPO Armed Services Blood Program Office 

ASC acting service chief; Aeronautical Systems Center; Air 

 Systems Command; Army Sustainment Command; 

 assign switch classmark; Automatic Digital Network 

 switching center 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-13 

ASCC Air Standardization Coordinating Committee; 

 Army Service component command; 

 Army Service component commander 

ASCIET all Services combat identification evaluation team 

ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 

ASCOPE areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and 

 events 

ASCS air support control section; air support coordination 

 section 

ASD Assistant Secretary of Defense 

ASD(A&L) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Logistics) 

ASD(C) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) 

ASD(C3I) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, 

 Communications, and Intelligence) 

ASD(FM&P) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and 

 Personnel) 

ASD(FMP) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management Policy) 

ASD(GSA) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic 

 Affairs

ASD(HA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs) 

ASD(HD) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense) 

ASD(HD&ASA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense and 

 Americas’ Security Affairs) 

ASDI analog simple data interface 

ASDIA All-Source Document Index 

ASD(ISA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security 

 Affairs) 

ASD(ISP) Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security 

 Policy) 

ASD(LA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs) 

ASD(NII) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information 

 Integration) 

ASD(P&L) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Production and 

 Logistics) 

ASD(PA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) 

ASD(PA&E) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis and 

 Evaluation) 

ASD(RA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) 

ASD(RSA) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Regional Security Affairs) 

ASD(S&R) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and 

 Requirements) 

ASD(SO/LIC) Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and 

 Low-Intensity Conflict) 

ASD(SO/LIC&IC) Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations 

 and Low-Intensity Conflict and Interdependent 

 Capabilities 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-14 JP 1-02 

ASE aircraft survivability equipment; automated stabilization 

 equipment 

ASF aeromedical staging facility 

ASG Allied System for Geospatial Intelligence; 

 area support group 

ASH Assistant Administrator for Security and Hazardous 

 Materials; Assistant Secretary for Health (DHHS) 

ASI assign and display switch initialization 

ASIC Air and Space Interoperability Council 

ASIF Airlift Support Industrial Fund 

ASL allowable supply list; archipelagic sea lane; assign switch 

 locator (SL) routing; authorized stockage list (Army) 

ASM air-to-surface missile; armored scout mission; Army 

 Spectrum Manager; automated scheduling message 

ASMD antiship missile defense 

ASMO Army Spectrum Management Office

ASN(RD&A) Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, 

 Development and Acquisition

ASO advanced special operations; air support operations 

ASOC air support operations center 

ASOFDTG as of date/time group 

ASP ammunition supply point

ASPA American Service-Members’ Protection Act 

A-Space Analytic Space

ASPP acquisition systems protection program 

ASPPO Armed Service Production Planning Office 

ASPR Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and 

 Response (DHHS) 

ASR air support request; available supply rate 

ASSETREP transportation assets report 

AST assign secondary traffic channels 

ASTS aeromedical staging squadron 

ASW antisubmarine warfare; average surface wind 

ASWBPL Armed Services Whole Blood Processing Laboratories 

ASWC antisubmarine warfare commander 

AT annual training; antitank; antiterrorism 

At total attainable search area 

ATA Airlift Tanker Association 

ATAC antiterrorism alert center (Navy) 

ATACC advanced tactical air command center 

ATACMS Army Tactical Missile System 

ATACO air tactical actions control officer 

ATACS Army Tactical Communications System 

ATAF Allied Tactical Air Force (NATO) 

ATBM antitactical ballistic missile 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-15 

ATC Air Threat Conference; air traffic control; 

 air transportable clinic (USAF) 

ATCA Allied Tactical Communications Agency 

ATCAA air traffic control assigned airspace 

ATCC Antiterrorism Coordinating Committee 

ATCC-SSG Antiterrorism Coordinating Committee-Senior Steering 

 Group 

ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System 

ATCS air traffic control section 

ATDLS Advanced Tactical Data Link System 

ATDM adaptive time division multiplexer 

ATDS airborne tactical data system 

ATEP Antiterrorism Enterprise Portal 

ATF Advanced Targeting FLIR; amphibious task force; Bureau 

 of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (DOJ) 

AT/FP antiterrorism/force protection 

ATG amphibious task group; assign trunk group cluster 

ATGM antitank guided missile; antitank guided munition 

ATH air transportable hospital; assign thresholds 

ATHS Airborne Target Handover System 

ATM advanced trauma management; air target material; assign 

 traffic metering 

ATMCT air terminal movement control team 

ATMP Air Target Materials Program 

ATN assign thresholds 

AtN attack the network

ATO air tasking order; antiterrorism officer 

ATOC air tactical operations center; air terminal operations center 

ATP advance targeting pod; allied tactical publication 

ATR attrition reserve 

ATS air traffic service; assign terminal service 

ATSD(AE) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy) 

ATSD(IO) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Intelligence 

 Oversight) 

ATSD(NCB) Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and 

 Chemical and Biological Defense Programs 

ATT assign terminal type 

ATTP Army tactics, techniques, and procedures 

ATTU air transportable treatment unit 

ATWG antiterrorism working group 

AU African Union

AUEL automated unit equipment list 

AUF airborne use of force 

AUG application user group 

AUIC active duty unit identification code 

AUTODIN Automatic Digital Network 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-16 JP 1-02 

AUX auxiliary 

AV air vehicle; asset visibility 

AV-8 Harrier 

AVCAL aviation consolidated allowance list

AVDTG analog via digital trunk group 

AVGAS aviation gasoline 

AVIM aviation intermediate maintenance 

AVL anti-vehicle land mine; assign variable location 

AVOU analog voice orderwire unit 

AVOW analog voice orderwire 

AVS asset validation system; asset visibility system; 

 audiovisual squadron 

AVUM aviation unit maintenance 

AV/VI audiovisual/visual information 

AW air warfare 

AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System 

AWC air warfare commander 

AWCAP airborne weapons corrective action program 

AWDS automated weather distribution system 

AWG Asymmetric Warfare Group (Army)

AWN Automated Weather Network 

AWOL absent without leave 

AWS Air Weather Service 

AWSE armament weapons support equipment 

AWSIM air warfare simulation model 

AWSR Air Weather Service regulation 

AXO abandoned explosive ordnance

AXX assign XXX routing 

AZR assign zone restriction lists 

B 

B cross-over barrier pattern 

B-52 Stratofortress 

B&A boat and aircraft 

BAE brigade aviation element 

BAF backup alert force 

BAG baggage 

BAH basic allowance for housing 

BAI backup aircraft inventory; battlefield air interdiction 

BALO battalion air liaison officer 

BALS berthing and loading schedule 

BAS basic allowance for subsistence; battalion aid station 

BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms 

B/B baseband 

BB breakbulk 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-17 

bbl barrel (42 US gallons) 

BC bottom current 

BCA border crossing authority 

BCAT beddown capability assessment tool 

BCD battlefield coordination detachment 

BCI bit count integrity 

BCL battlefield coordination line 

BCN beacon 

BCOC base cluster operations center 

BCR baseline change request 

BCT brigade combat team 

BCTP battle command training program 

BCU beach clearance unit 

BDA battle damage assessment 

BDAREP battle damage assessment report 

BDC blood donor center 

BDE brigade

BDL beach discharge lighter 

BDOC base defense operations center 

BDR battle damage repair 

BDRP Biological Defense Research Program 

BDZ base defense zone 

BE basic encyclopedia 

BEAR base expeditionary airfield resources 

BEE bioenvironmental engineering officer 

BEI biometrics-enabled intelligence 

BEN base encyclopedia number 

BE number basic encyclopedia number 

BER bit error ratio 

BES budget estimate submission 

BFT blue force tracking

BfV Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (federal office for 

 defending the Constitution) 

BGC boat group commander 

BHR Bureau of Humanitarian Response 

BI battlefield injury; battle injury 

BIA behavioral influences analysis; Bureau of Indian Affairs 

BIAR biometric intelligence analysis report

BIAS Battlefield Illumination Assistance System 

BICES battlefield information collection and exploitation 

 system (NATO)

BIDDS Base Information Digital Distribution System 

BIDE basic identity data element 

BIFC Boise Interagency Fire Center 

BIH International Time Bureau (Bureau International 

 d’l’Heure) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-18 JP 1-02 

BII base information infrastructure 

BIMA Biometrics Identity Management Agency

BINM Bureau of International Narcotics Matters 

BIO biological; Bureau of International Organizations 

BIS Bureau of Industry and Security 

BISS base installation security system 

BIT built-in test 

BITE built-in test equipment 

BIU beach interface unit 

BKA Bundeskriminalamt (federal criminal office) 

BL biocontainment level 

BLCP beach lighterage control point 

BLDREP blood report 

BLDSHIPREP blood shipment report 

BLM Bureau of Land Management 

BLOS beyond line-of-sight 

BLT battalion landing team 

BM ballistic missile; battle management 

BMC4I Battle Management Command, Control, Communications, 

 Computers, and Intelligence 

BMCT begin morning civil twilight 

BMD ballistic missile defense 

BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization 

BMDS Ballistic Missile Defense System

BMET biomedical electronics technician 

BMEWS ballistic missile early warning system 

BMNT begin morning nautical twilight 

BMU beachmaster unit 

BN battalion 

BND Bundesnachrichtendienst (federal intelligence service) 

BOA basic ordering agreement 

BOC base operations center; bomb on coordinate 

BOCCA Bureau of Coordination of Civil Aircraft (NATO) 

BOG beach operations group 

BOH bottom of hill 

BORFIC Border Patrol Field Intelligence Center 

BOS base operating support; battlefield operating system 

BOSG base operations support group 

BOSS base operating support service 

BOT bomb on target 

BP battle position; block parity 

BPA blanket purchase agreement 

BPD blood products depot 

BPG beach party group 

BPI bits per inch 

BPLAN base plan
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-19 

BPO blood program office 

BPPBS bi-annual planning, programming, and budget system 

bps bits per second 

BPSK biphase shift keying 

BPT beach party team 

BPWRR bulk petroleum war reserve requirement 

BPWRS bulk petroleum war reserve stocks 

BR budget review 

BRAC base realignment and closure 

BRACE Base Resource and Capability Estimator 

BRC base recovery course 

BS battle staff; broadcast source 

BSA beach support area; brigade support area 

BSB brigade support battalion 

BSC black station clock 

BSC ro black station clock receive out 

BSCT behavioral science consultation team 

BSD blood supply detachment 

BSI base support installation 

BSP base support plan 

BSRP bureau strategic resource plan 

BSSG brigade service support group 

BSU blood supply unit 

BSZ base security zone

BT bathythermograph 

BTB believed-to-be 

BTC blood transshipment center 

BTG basic target graphic 

BTOC battalion tactical operations center 

BTS Border and Transportation Security (DHS) 

BTU beach termination unit 

BULK bulk cargo 

BUMEDINST Bureau of Medicine and Surgery instruction 

BVR beyond visual range 

BW biological warfare; biological weapon 

BWC Biological Weapons Convention 

BZ buffer zone 

C 

C Celsius; centigrade; clock; compromise band; coverage 

 factor; creeping line pattern 

C&A certification and accreditation 

C&E communications and electronics 

C&LAT cargo and loading analysis table 

C2 command and control 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-20 JP 1-02 

C2-attack an offensive form of command and control warfare 

C2CRE command and control chemical, biological, radiological, 

 and nuclear response element

C2E command and control element 

C2IP Command and Control Initiatives Program 

C2IPS Command and Control Information Processing System 

C2P command and control protection 

C2-protect a defensive form of command and control warfare 

C2S command and control support 

C-2X coalition Intelligence Directorate counterintelligence and 

 human intelligence staff element 

C3 command, control, and communications 

C3AG Command, Control, and Communications Advisory Group 

C3CM command, control, and communications countermeasures 

C3I command, control, communications, and intelligence 

C3IC coalition coordination, communications, and integration 

 center 

C3SMP Command, Control, and Communications Systems Master Plan 

C4CM command, control, communications, and computer 

 countermeasures 

C4I command, control, communications, computers, and 

 intelligence 

C4IFTW command, control, communications, computers, and 

 intelligence for the Warrior 

C4S command, control, communications, and computer 

 systems 

C4 systems command, control, communications, and computer 

 systems 

C-5 Galaxy 

C-17 Globemaster III 

C-21 Learjet 

C-27 Spartan 

C-130 Hercules 

C-141 Starlifter 

CA chaplain assistant; civil administration; civil affairs; 

 combat assessment; coordinating altitude; 

 credibility assessment; criticality assessment 

C/A course acquisition 

CAA civil air augmentation; combat aviation advisors; 

 command arrangement agreement 

CAAF contractor personnel authorized to accompany the force

CAB combat aviation brigade 

CAC common access card; current actions center 

CACOM Civil Affairs command 

CACTIS community automated intelligence system 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-21 

CAD Canadian air division; cartridge actuated device; collective 

 address designator 

CADRS concern and deficiency reporting system 

CADS containerized ammunition distribution system 

CAF Canadian Air Force; combat air forces; commander, 

 airborne/air assault force 

CAFMS computer-assisted force management system 

CAG carrier air group; civil affairs group; collective address group 

CAGO contractor acquired government owned

CAIMS conventional ammunition integrated management system 

CAINS carrier aircraft inertial navigation system 

CAIS civil authority information support

CAISE civil authority information support element 

CAL caliber; critical asset list 

CALA Community Airborne Library Architecture 

CALCM conventional air-launched cruise missile 

CALICS communication, authentication, location, intentions, 

 condition, and situation 

CALMS computer-aided load manifesting system 

CAM chemical agent monitor; crisis action module 

CAMPS Consolidated Air Mobility Planning System 

CAMT countering air and missile threats 

CANA convulsant antidote for nerve agent 

CANADA COM Canada Command 

CANR Canadian North American Aerospace Defense Command 

 Region 

CANUS Canada-United States 

CAO chief administrative officer; civil affairs operations; 

 counterair operation 

CAOC combat air operations center; combined air operations 

 center 

CAO SOP standing operating procedures for coordination of atomic 

 operations 

CAP Civil Air Patrol; civil augmentation program; combat air 

 patrol; configuration and alarm panel; Consolidated 

 Appeals Process (UN); crisis action planning 

CAPT civil affairs planning team

CAR Chief of the Army Reserve 

CARDA continental United States airborne reconnaissance for 

 damage assessment; continental United States area 

 reconnaissance for damage assessment 

CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere 

 (CAREUSA) 

CARIBROC Caribbean Regional Operations Center 

CARP computed air release point; contingency alternate route 

 plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-22 JP 1-02 

CARS combat arms regimental system 

CARVER criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, 

 and recognizability 

CAS casualty; civil aviation security; close air support 

CASEVAC casualty evacuation 

CASF contingency aeromedical staging facility 

CASP computer-aided search planning 

CASPER contact area summary position report 

CASREP casualty report 

CASREQ close air support request 

CAT category; crisis action team 

CATCC carrier air traffic control center 

CATF commander, amphibious task force 

CAU crypto ancillary unit; cryptographic auxiliary unit 

CAVU ceiling and visibility unlimited 

CAW carrier air wing 

CAW/ESS crisis action weather and environmental support system 

CAX computer-assisted exercise 

C-B chemical-biological 

CB chemical-biological; construction battalion (SEABEES) 

CBBLS hundreds of barrels 

CBD chemical, biological defense 

CBFS cesium beam frequency standard 

CBIRF Chemical-Biological Incident Response Force 

CBLTU common battery line terminal unit 

CBMR capabilities-based munitions requirements 

CBMU construction battalion maintenance unit 

CBP capabilities-based planning; Customs and Border 

 Protection (DHS) 

CBPO Consolidated Base Personnel Office 

CBPS chemical biological protective shelter 

CBR chemical, biological, and radiological 

CBRN Caribbean Basin Radar Network; chemical, biological, 

 radiological, and nuclear 

CBRN CM chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear 

 consequence management 

CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield 

 explosives 

CBRN hazard chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear hazard

CBRN passive defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear passive 

 defense 

CBRT chemical-biological response team 

CBS common battery signaling 

CBT common battery terminal 

CbT combating terrorism 

CbT-RIF Combating Terrorism Readiness Initiatives Fund 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-23 

CBTZ combat zone 

CBU conference bridge unit; construction battalion unit 

CBW chemical and biological warfare 

C/C cabin cruiser; cast off and clear 

CC component command (NATO); critical capability 

CC&D camouflage, concealment, and deception 

CCA carrier-controlled approach; central contracting authority; 

 circuit card assembly; combat cargo assistant; 

 container control activity; contamination control area; 

 contingency capabilities assessment; 

 contract construction agent 

CCAP combatant command AFRTS planner 

CCAS contingency contract administration services 

CCAS-C contingency contract administration services commander 

CCATT critical care air transport team 

CCB Community Counterterrorism Board; configuration 

 control board 

CCC coalition coordination cell; coalition coordination center; 

 crisis coordination center; critical control circuit; cross- 

 cultural communications course 

CCD camouflage, concealment, and deception 

CCDR combatant commander 

CCE container control element; continuing criminal enterprise 

CCEB Combined Communications-Electronics Board 

CCF collection coordination facility 

CCG crisis coordination group 

CCGD commander, Coast Guard district 

CCIB command center integration branch 

CCICA command counterintelligence coordinating authority

CCIF Combatant Commander Initiative Fund 

CCIP continuously computed impact point 

CCIR commander’s critical information requirement; 

 International Radio Consultative Committee 

CCIS common channel interswitch signaling 

CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative 

 Committee 

CCIU CEF control interface unit 

CCJTF commander, combined joint task force 

CCL communications/computer link 

CCLI computer control list item 

CCMD combatant command 

CCO central control officer; combat cargo officer; command 

 and control office; contingency contracting officer 

CCOI critical contact of interest 

CCP casualty collection point; consolidated cryptologic 

 program; consolidation and containerization point 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-24 JP 1-02 

CCPDS command center processing and display system 

CCR closed circuit refueling

CCRD combatant commander’s required delivery date 

C-CS communication and computer systems 

CCS central control ship; container control site 

CCSA combatant command support agent; containership 

 cargo stowage adapter 

CCSD command communications service designator; control 

 communications service designator 

CCT collaborative contingency targeting; combat control team 

CCTI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff commended 

 training issue 

CCTV closed circuit television 

CCW 1980 United Nations Convention on Conventional 

 Weapons; continuous carrier wave 

CD channel designator; compact disc; counterdrug; 

 customer direct 

C-day unnamed day on which a deployment operation begins 

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 

CDE collateral damage estimation 

CDERA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency 

CDF combined distribution frame 

CDI cargo disposition instructions; conditioned diphase 

C di conditioned diphase 

CDHAM Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance 

 Medicine 

CDIP combined defense improvement project 

CDIPO counterdrug intelligence preparation for operations 

CDLMS common data link management system 

CDM cable driver modem 

CDMGB cable driver modem group buffer 

CDN compressed dial number 

CDO command duty officer; commander, detainee operations 

CDOC counterdrug operations center 

CDOPS counterdrug operations 

CDP commander’s dissemination policy; landing craft air 

 cushion departure point 

CDR commander; continuous data recording 

CDRAFSOF commander, Air Force special operations forces 

CDRCFCOM Commander, Combined Forces Command 

CDRESC commander, electronic security command 

CDREUDAC Commander, European Command Defense Analysis 

 Center (ELINT) or European Data Analysis Center 

CDRFORSCOM Commander, Forces Command 

CDRG catastrophic disaster response group (FEMA) 

CDRJSOTF commander, joint special operations task force 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-25 

CDRL contract data requirements list 

CDRMTMC Commander, Military Traffic Management Command 

CDRNORAD Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command 

CD-ROM compact disc read-only memory 

CDRTSOC commander, theater special operations command 

CDRUNC Commander, United Nations Command 

CDRUSAFRICOM Commander, United States Africa Command 

CDRUSAINSCOM Commander, United States Army Intelligence and Security 

 Command 

CDRUSARNORTH Commander, United States Army Forces North 

CDRUSCENTCOM Commander, United States Central Command 

CDRUSELEMNORAD Commander, United States Element, North American 

 Aerospace Defense Command 

CDRUSEUCOM Commander, United States European Command 

CDRUSJFCOM Commander, United States Joint Forces Command 

CDRUSNAVEUR Commander, United States Naval Forces, Europe 

CDRUSNORTHCOM Commander, United States Northern Command 

CDRUSPACOM Commander, United States Pacific Command 

CDRUSSOCOM Commander, United States Special Operations Command 

CDRUSSOUTHCOM Commander, United States Southern Command 

CDRUSSTRATCOM Commander, United States Strategic Command 

CDRUSTRANSCOM Commander, United States Transportation Command 

CDS Chief of Defence Staff (Canada); container delivery system 

CDSSC continuity of operations plan designated successor service 

 chief 

CDU counterdrug update 

C-E communications-electronics 

CE casualty estimation; circular error; command element 

 (MAGTF); communications-electronics; core element; 

 counterespionage 

CEA captured enemy ammunition 

CEB combat engineer battalion 

CEC civil engineer corps 

CECOM communications-electronics command 

CEDI commercial electronic data interface 

CEDREP communications-electronics deployment report 

CEE captured enemy equipment 

CEF civil engineering file; common equipment facility 

CEG common equipment group 

CEHC Counter Explosive Hazards Center (Army)

CEI critical employment indicator 

CELLEX cellular exploitation

CEM combined effects munition 

CEMC communications-electronics management center 

CEMIRT civil engineer maintenance, inspection, and repair team
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-26 JP 1-02 

CENTRIXS Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange 

 System 

CEOI communications-electronics operating instructions 

CEP cable entrance panel; circular error probable 

CEPOD communications-electronics post-deployment report 

CERF Central Emergency Revolving Fund (UN) 

CERFP chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and 

 high-yield explosives enhanced response force package 

CERP Commanders’ Emergency Response Program 

CERT computer emergency response team; contingency 

 engineering response team 

CERTSUB certain submarine 

CES coast earth station 

CESE civil engineering support equipment; communications 

 equipment support element 

CESG communications equipment support group 

CESO civil engineer support office 

CESPG civil engineering support plan group; civil engineering 

 support planning generator 

CEXC combined explosives exploitation cell 

CEW Civilian Expeditionary Workforce 

CF Canadian forces; carrier furnished; causeway ferry; 

 conventional forces; drift error confidence factor 

CFA Committee on Food Aid Policies and Programmes (UN); 

 critical factors analysis 

CFACC combined force air component commander 

CFB Canadian forces base 

CFC Combined Forces Command, Korea 

CF-COP counterfire common operational picture 

CFL Contingency Planning Facilities List; coordinated fire line 

CFLCC coalition forces land component commander 

CFM cubic feet per minute 

CFO chief financial officer 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CFS CI force protection source 

CFSO counterintelligence force protection source operations 

CFST coalition forces support team 

CG Chairman’s guidance; Coast Guard; commanding general; 

 Comptroller General 

CG-652 Coast Guard Spectrum Management and 

 Telecommunications Policy Division 

CGAS Coast Guard Air Station 

CGAUX Coast Guard Auxiliary 

CGC Coast Guard Cutter 

CGCAP Coast Guard capabilities plan 

CGCG Coast Guard Cryptologic Group
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-27 

CGCIS Coast Guard Counterintelligence Service 

CGDEFOR Coast Guard defense force 

CGFMFLANT Commanding General, Fleet Marine Forces, Atlantic 

CGFMFPAC Commanding General, Fleet Marine Forces, Pacific 

CGIS United States Coast Guard Investigative Service 

CGLSMP Coast Guard logistic support and mobilization plan 

CGRS common geographic reference system 

CGS common ground station; continental United States ground 

 station 

CGUSAREUR Commanding General, United States Army, Europe 

CH channel; contingency hospital 

CH-53 Sea Stallion 

CHAMPUS Civilian Health and Medical Program for the Uniformed 

 Services 

CHARC counterintelligence and human intelligence analysis and 

 requirements cell 

CHB cargo-handling battalion 

CHCS composite health care system 

CHCSS Chief, Central Security Service 

CHE cargo-handling equipment; container-handling equipment 

CHET customs high endurance tracker 

CHOP change of operational control 

CHPPM US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive 

 Medicine 

CHRIS chemical hazard response information system 

CHRP contaminated human remains pouch 

CHSTR characteristics of transportation resources 

CHSTREP characteristics of transportation resources report 

CI civilian internee; counterintelligence 

CIA Central Intelligence Agency 

CIAP Central Intelligence Agency program; central intelligence 

 architecture plan; command intelligence architecture 

 plan; command intelligence architecture program 

CIAS counterintelligence analysis section 

CIAT counterintelligence analytic team 

CIB combined information bureau; controlled image base 

CIC combat information center; combat intelligence center 

 (Marine Corps); combined intelligence center; 

 communications interface controller; content indicator 

 code; counterintelligence center 

CICA counterintelligence coordinating authority 

CICAD Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission 

CICC counterintelligence coordination cell 

CICR counterintelligence collection requirement 

CID combat identification; combat intelligence division; 

 criminal investigation division 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-28 JP 1-02 

CIDB common intelligence database 

CIDC Criminal Investigation Division Command 

CIDNE Combined Information Data Network Exchange

CIE collaborative information environment 

C-IED counter-improvised explosive device 

CIEG/CIEL common information exchange glossary and language 

CIFA counterintelligence field activity 

CIG communications interface group 

CIHO counterintelligence/human intelligence officer 

CIIR counterintelligence information report 

CI/KR critical infrastructure/key resources 

CIL command information library; critical information list; 

 critical item list 

CILO counterintelligence liaison officer 

CIM civil information management; compartmented 

 information management 

CIMIC civil-military cooperation 

CIN cargo increment number 

CIO chief information officer; command intelligence officer 

CIOC counterintelligence operations cell 

CIOTA counterintelligence operational tasking authority 

CIP communications interface processor; critical infrastructure 

 protection 

CIPSU communications interface processor pseudo line 

CIR continuing intelligence requirement 

CIRM International Radio-Medical Center 

CIRV common interswitch rekeying variable 

CIRVIS communications instructions for reporting vital 

 intelligence sightings 

CIS common item support; Commonwealth of Independent 

 States; communications interface shelter 

CISAR catastrophic incident search and rescue

CISD critical incident stress debriefing 

CISO counterintelligence staff office; counterintelligence 

 support officer 

CITE computer intrusion technical exploitation 

CITP counter-improvised explosive device targeting program 

CIV civilian 

CIVPOL civilian police 

CIWG communications interoperability working group 

CJ-4 combined-joint logistics officer 

CJATF commander, joint amphibious task force 

CJB Congressional Justification Book 

CJCS Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

CJCSAN Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network 

CJCSI Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff instruction 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-29 

CJCSM Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff manual 

CJDA critical joint duty assignment 

CJE component joint data networks operations officer 

 equivalent

CJMAB Central Joint Mortuary Affairs Board 

CJMAO Central Joint Mortuary Affairs Office; Chief, joint 

 mortuary affairs office 

CJMISTF combined joint military information support task force

CJMTF combined joint military information support 

 operations task force 

CJSART Criminal Justice Sector Assessment Rating Tool

CJSMPT Coalition Joint Spectrum Management Planning Tool

CJTF combined joint task force (NATO); 

 commander, joint task force 

CJTF-CS Commander, Joint Task Force - Civil Support 

CJTF-NCR Commander, Joint Task Force - National Capital Region 

C-JWICS Containerized Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications 

 System 

CKT circuit 

CL class 

CLA landing craft air cushion launch area 

CLASSRON class squadron 

CLB combat logistics battalion 

CLD compact laser designator 

CLDP Commercial Law Development Program 

CLEA civilian law enforcement agency 

C-level category level 

CLF cantilever lifting frame; combat logistics force; 

 commander, landing force 

CLG combat logistics group 

CLGP cannon-launched guided projectile 

CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments

CLIPS communications link interface planning system 

CLPSB combatant commander logistic procurement support board

CLPT contingency load planning team 

CLR combat logistics regiment 

CLS contracted logistic support 

CLSS combat logistic support squadron 

CLT civil liaison team; combat lasing team 

CLZ craft landing zone; cushion landing zone; landing craft air 

 cushion landing zone 

CM Chairman’s memorandum; collection manager; 

 configuration management; control modem; 

 countermine; cruise missile 

Cm mean coverage factor 

cm centimeter 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-30 JP 1-02 

CMA collection management authority 

CMAA Cooperative Military Airlift Agreement 

CMAH commander of a combatant command’s Mobile Alternate 

 Headquarters 

CM&D collection management & dissemination 

CMAOC Casualty and Mortuary Affairs Operations Center

CMAT consequence management advisory team 

CMC Commandant of the Marine Corps; crew management cell 

Cmc midpoint compromise coverage factor 

CMCB civil-military coordination board 

CMCC combined movement coordination center 

CMD command; cruise missile defense 

CMDO command military deception officer

CMHT consequence management home team 

CMM Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (USAID)

CMMA collection management mission application 

CMO Central Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) 

 Organization; chief medical officer; chief military observer; 

 civil-military operations; collection management office(r); 

 configuration management office 

CMOC Cheyenne Mountain Operations Center; civil-military 

 operations center 

CMOS cargo movement operations system; complementary 

 metal-oxide semiconductor 

CMP communications message processor; contractor 

 management plan 

CMPF commander, maritime pre-positioned force 

CMPT consequence management planning team 

CM R&A consequence management response and assessment 

CMRT consequence management response team 

CMS cockpit management system; command management 

 system; community management staff; community 

 security materiel system; contingency mutual support; 

 crisis management system 

CMST consequence management support team 

CMTS comments 

CMTU cartridge magnetic tape unit 

CMV commercial motor vehicle 

CMX crisis management exercise 

CN counternarcotic 

CNA computer network attack 

CNAC Customs National Aviation Center (USCS) 

C-NAF component numbered air force

CNASP chairman’s net assessment for strategic planning 

CNC Crime and Narcotics Center 

CNCE communications nodal control element 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-31 

CND computer network defense; counternarcotics division 

CNE computer network exploitation; Counter Narcotics 

 Enforcement 

CNGB Chief, National Guard Bureau 

CNIC Commander, Navy Installations Command

CNM classified notice to mariners

CNMOC Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography 

 Command

CNO Chief of Naval Operations; computer network operations 

CNOG Chairman, Nuclear Operations Group 

CNRF Commander, Naval Reserve Forces 

CNSG Commander, Naval Security Group 

CNTY country 

CNWDI critical nuclear weapons design information 

CO commanding officer; cyberspace operations 

COA course of action 

COAA course-of-action analysis 

COAMPS Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System 

COB collocated operating base; contingency operating base 

COBOL common business-oriented language 

COC combat operations center 

CoC Code of Conduct 

COCOM combatant command (command authority) 

COD carrier onboard delivery; combat operations division 

COE Army Corps of Engineers; common operating environment; 

 concept of employment 

COEDMHA Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and 

 Humanitarian Assistance 

COF chief of fires; conduct of fire 

COFC container on flatcar 

COG center of gravity; continuity of government 

COGARD Coast Guard 

COI community of interest; contact of interest 

COIC counter-improvised explosive device operations 

 integration center

COIN counterinsurgency 

COLDS cargo offload and discharge system 

COLISEUM community on-line intelligence system for end-users and 

 managers 

COLPRO collective protection

COLT combat observation and lasing team 

COM chief of mission; collection operations management; 

 command; commander 

COMACC Commander, Air Combat Command 

COMAFFOR commander, Air Force forces 

COMAFSOC Commander, Air Force Special Operations Command 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-32 JP 1-02 

COMAJF commander, allied joint force 

COMALF commander airlift forces 

COMALOC commercial air line of communications 

COMARFOR commander, Army forces 

COMCAM combat camera 

COMCARGRU commander, carrier group 

COMCRUDESGRU commander, cruiser destroyer group 

COMDCAEUR Commander, Defense Communications Agency Europe 

COMDESRON commander destroyer squadron 

COMDT COGARD Commandant, United States Coast Guard 

COMDTINST Commandant of the Coast Guard instruction 

COMICEDEFOR Commander, United States Forces, Iceland 

COMIDEASTFOR Commander, Middle East Forces 

COMINEWARCOM Commander, Mine Warfare Command 

COMINT communications intelligence 

COMJCSE Commander, Joint Communications Support Element 

COMJIC Commander, Joint Intelligence Center 

COMJSOTF commander, joint special operations task force 

COMLANDFOR commander, land forces 

COMLANTAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Atlantic Area 

COMLOGGRU combat logistics group 

COMM communications 

COMMARFOR commander, Marine Corps forces 

COMMARFORNORTH Commander, Marine Corps Forces North 

COMMDZ Commander, Maritime Defense Zone 

COMNAV Committee for European Airspace Coordination Working 

 Group on Communications and Navigation Aids 

COMNAVAIRLANT Commander, Naval Air Force, Atlantic 

COMNAVAIRPAC Commander, Naval Air Force, Pacific 

COMNAVAIRSYSCOM Commander, Naval Air Systems Command 

COMNAVCOMTELCOM Commander, Naval Computer and Telecommunications 

 Command 

COMNAVELSG Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group 

COMNAVFOR commander, Navy forces 

COMNAVMETOCCOM Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography 

 Command 

COMNAVSEASYSCOM Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command 

COMNAVSECGRP Commander, United States Navy Security Group 

COMNAVSURFLANT Commander, Naval Surface Force, Atlantic 

COMNAVSURFPAC Commander, Naval Surface Force, Pacific 

COMNET communications network

COMP component 

COMPACAF Commander, Pacific Air Forces 

COMPACAREACOGARD Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area 

COMPACFLT Commander, Pacific Fleet 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-33 

COMPASS common operational modeling, planning, and simulation 

 strategy; Computerized Movement Planning and Status 

 System 

COMPES contingency operations mobility planning and execution 

 system 

COMPLAN communications plan 

COMPUSEC computer security 

COMSAT communications satellite 

COMSC Commander, Military Sealift Command 

COMSCINST Commander, Military Sealift Command instruction 

COMSEC communications security 

COMSOC Commander, Special Operations Command 

COMSOCCENT Commander, Special Operations Command, United States 

 Central Command 

COMSOCEUR Commander, Special Operations Command, United States 

 European Command 

COMSOCPAC Commander Special Operations Command, United States 

 Pacific Command 

COMSOCSOUTH Commander Special Operations Command, United States 

 Southern Command 

COMSOF commander, special operations forces 

COMSTAT communications status 

COMSUBLANT Commander Submarine Force, United States Atlantic Fleet 

COMSUBPAC Commander Submarine Force, United States Pacific Fleet 

COMSUPNAVFOR commander, supporting naval forces 

COMTAC tactical communications 

COMTENTHFLT Commander, Tenth Fleet

COMUSAFE Commander, United States Air Force in Europe 

COMUSARCENT Commander, United States Army Forces, Central 

 Command 

COMUSCENTAF Commander, United States Air Force, Central Command 

COMUSFLTFORCOM Commander, United States Fleet Forces Command 

COMUSFORAZ Commander, United States Forces, Azores 

COMUSJ Commander, United States Forces, Japan 

COMUSK Commander, United States Forces, Korea 

COMUSMARCENT Commander, United States Marine Forces, Central 

 Command 

COMUSNAVCENT Commander, United States Navy, Central Command 

COMUSPACFLT Commander, United States Pacific Fleet 

COMUSSOCJFCOM Commander Special Operations Command, United States 

 Joint Forces Command 

CONCAP construction capabilities contract (Navy); Construction 

 Capabilities Contract Process; construction capabilities 

 contract program 

CONEX container express 

CONEXPLAN contingency and exercise plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-34 JP 1-02 

CONOPS concept of operations 

CONPLAN concept plan; operation plan in concept format 

CONR continental United States North American Aerospace 

 Defense Command Region 

CONUS continental United States 

CONUSA Continental United States Army 

COOP continuity of operations 

COP common operational picture 

COP-CSE common operational picture-combat support enabled 

COPG chairman, operations planners group 

COPPERHEAD name for cannon-launched guided projectile 

COPS communications operational planning system 

COR contracting officer representative 

CORE contingency response program 

COS chief of staff; chief of station; critical occupational specialty 

COSCOM corps support command 

COSMIC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) security 

 category 

COSPAS cosmicheskaya sistyema poiska avariynch sudov - space 

 system for search of distressed vessels (Russian satellite 

 system) 

COSR combat and operational stress reactions 

COT commanding officer of troops; crisis operations team 

COTHEN Customs Over-the Horizon Enforcement Network 

COTP captain of the port 

COTS cargo offload and transfer system; commercial off-the-shelf; 

 container offloading and transfer system 

COU cable orderwire unit 

counter C3 counter command, control, and communications 

COVCOM covert communications 

CP check point; collection point; command post; contact point; 

 control point; counterproliferation 

CP&I coastal patrol and interdiction 

CPA closest point of approach 

CPD combat plans division 

CPE customer premise equipment 

CPFL contingency planning facilities list 

CPG central processor group; Commander, Amphibious Group; 

 Contingency Planning Guidance 

CPI crash position indicator 

CPIC coalition press information center 

CPM civilian personnel manual 

CPO chief petty officer; complete provisions only 

CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

CPRC coalition personnel recovery center 

CPS characters per second; collective protective shelter 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-35 

CPT common procedural terminology 

CPU central processing unit 

CPX command post exercise 

CR critical requirement 

CRA command relationships agreement; continuing resolution 

 authority; coordinating review authority 

CRAF Civil Reserve Air Fleet 

CRAM control random access memory 

CRB configuration review board 

CRC circuit routing chart; Civilian Response Corps (DOS); 

 civil response corps; control and reporting center; 

 CONUS replacement center; COOP response cell; 

 cyclic redundancy rate 

CRD capstone requirements document; chemical 

 reconnaissance detachment 

CRE contingency response element; control reporting element 

CREAPER Communications and Radar Electronic Attack Planning 

 Effectiveness Reference

CREST casualty and resource estimation support tool 

CREW counter radio-controlled improvised explosive device 

 electronic warfare

CRF channel reassignment function 

CRG contingency response group 

CRI collective routing indicator 

CRIF cargo routing information file 

CRITIC critical information; critical intelligence communication; 

 critical message (intelligence) 

CRITICOMM critical intelligence communications system 

CRM collection requirements management; comment 

 resolution matrix; crew resource management 

CrM crisis management 

CRO combat rescue officer 

CROP common relevant operational picture 

CRP control and reporting post 

CRRC combat rubber raiding craft 

CRS Catholic Relief Services; Chairman’s readiness system; 

 coastal radio station; community relations service; 

 container recovery system; Coordinator for 

 Reconstruction and Stabilization 

CRSG country reconstruction and stabilization group 

CRSP centralized receiving and shipping point

CRT cathode ray tube; chemical, biological, radiological, 

 nuclear, and high-yield explosives response team; 

 contingency response team 

CRTS casualty receiving and treatment ship 

CR-UAV close-range unmanned aerial vehicle 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-36 JP 1-02 

CRW contingency response wing 

CRYPTO cryptographic 

CS call sign; Chaplain Service (Air Force); circuit switch; civil 

 support; coastal station; combat service; combat support; 

 content staging; controlled space; creeping line single- 

 unit; critical source 

CSA Chief of Staff, United States Army; 

 combat support agency; container stuffing activity 

CSAAS combat support agency assessment system 

CSADR combat support agency director’s report 

CSAF Chief of Staff, United States Air Force 

CSAM computer security for acquisition managers 

CSAR combat search and rescue 

CSAR3 combat support agency responsiveness and readiness report 

CSARTE combat search and rescue task element 

CSARTF combat search and rescue task force 

CSB contracting support brigade

CSB (MEB) combat support brigade (maneuver enhancement brigade) 

CSC combat support center; community support center; convoy 

 support center; creeping line single-unit coordinated; 

 International Convention for Safe Containers 

CSCC coastal sea control commander 

CSE client server environment; combat support enhanced; 

 combat support equipment; contingency support element 

CSEL circuit switch select line; combat survivor evader locator; 

 command senior enlisted leader 

CSEP Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-sponsored 

 exercise program 

CSG carrier strike group; Chairman’s Staff Group; 

 coordinating subgroup; cryptologic services group; 

 Cryptologic Support Group 

CSGN coordinating subgroup for narcotics 

CSH combat support hospital 

CSI critical sustainability item 

CSIF communications service industrial fund 

CSIP contract support integration plan

CSIPG circuit switch interface planning guide 

CSL combat stores list; cooperative security location 

CSNP causeway section, nonpowered 

CSNP(BE) causeway section, nonpowered (beach end) 

CSNP(I) causeway section, nonpowered (intermediate) 

CSNP(SE) causeway section, nonpowered (sea end) 

CSO Center for Special Operations (USSOCOM); 

 communications support organization; 

 controlled source operation 

CSOA combined special operations area 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-37 

CSOB command systems operations branch 

CSOD command systems operation division 

CSP call service position; career sea pay; causeway section, 

 powered; commence search point; 

 contracting support plan; crisis staffing procedures (JCS); 

 cryptologic support package 

CSPAR combatant commander’s preparedness assessment report 

CSR central source registry; combatant commander’s 

 summary report; commander’s summary report; 

 controlled supply rate 

CSRF common source route file 

CSS central security service; combat service support; 

 communications subsystem; coordinator surface search 

CSSA combat service support area 

CSSAMO combat service support automation management office

CSSB combat sustainment support battalion 

CSSC coded switch set controller 

CSST combat service support team 

CSSU combat service support unit 

CST contingency support team; customer service team 

CSW compartment stowage worksheet; coordinate seeking 

 weapons 

CT control telemetry; counterterrorism; country team 

CTA common table of allowance 

CTAF counterterrorism analytical framework 

CTAPS contingency Theater Air Control System automated 

 planning system 

CTC cargo transfer company (USA); counterterrorist center 

CTDB combating terrorism database 

CTEP combined training and education plan 

CTF combined task force; counter threat finance 

CTF IAMD commander, task force integrated air and missile defense

CTFP Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program

CTG commander, task group 

CTID communications transmission identifier 

CTKB combating terrorism knowledge base 

CTL candidate target list 

CTM core target material 

CTOC corps tactical operations center 

CTP common tactical picture 

CTR cooperative threat reduction 

CTRIF Combating Terrorism Readiness Initiative Fund 

CTS commodity tracking system; Contingency Tracking 

 System; controlled technical services 

CTSS central targeting support staff 

CTU commander, task unit 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-38 JP 1-02 

CU cubic capacity; common unit 

CUI controlled unclassified information

CUL common-user logistics 

CULT common-user land transportation 

CV aircraft carrier; carrier; critical vulnerability; 

 curriculum vitae 

CVAMP Core Vulnerability Assessment Management Program 

CVN aircraft carrier, nuclear 

CVR cockpit voice recorder 

CVS commercial vendor services 

CVSD continuous variable slope delta 

CVT criticality-vulnerability-threat 

CVW carrier air wing; cryptovariable weekly (GPS) 

CVWC carrier strike group air wing commander 

CW carrier wave; chemical warfare; continuous wave 

CWC Chemical Weapons Convention; composite warfare 

 commander 

CWDE chemical warfare defense equipment 

CWMD combating weapons of mass destruction 

CWO communications watch officer 

CWP causeway pier 

CWPD Conventional War Plans Division, Joint Staff (J-7) 

CWR calm water ramp 

CWT combat weather team; customer wait time 

CY calendar year 

D 

D total drift, data 

d surface drift 

D&D denial and deception 

D&F determinations and findings 

D&M detection and monitoring 

D&R debrief and reintegrate 

D-2X Department of Defense-level counterintelligence and 

 human intelligence staff element 

D3A decide, detect, deliver, and assess 

D/A digital-to-analog 

DA data adapter aerospace drift; data administrator; Department 

 of the Army; Development Assistance; direct action; 

 Directorate for Mission Services (DIA); double agent 

Da aerospace drift 

DA&M Director of Administration and Management 

DAA designated approving authority; display alternate area 

 routing lists 

DAADC deputy area air defense commander
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-39 

DAADC(AMD) deputy area air defense commander for air and missile 

 defense 

DAAS defense automatic addressing system 

DAASO defense automatic addressing system office 

DAB Defense Acquisition Board 

DAC Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) counterintelligence 

 and security activity; Department of Army civilians; 

 Development Assistance Committee (OECD) 

DACB data adapter control block 

DACG departure airfield control group 

DACM data adapter control mode 

DADCAP dawn and dusk combat air patrol 

DAF Department of the Air Force 

DAFL directive authority for logistics 

DAICC domestic air interdiction coordinator center 

DAL defended asset list 

DALIS Disaster Assistance Logistics Information System 

DALS downed aviator locator system 

DAMA demand assigned multiple access 

DAMES defense automatic addressing system (DAAS) automated 

 message exchange system 

DAN Diver’s Alert Network 

DAO defense attaché office; defense attaché officer; department/ 

 agency/organization 

DAP designated acquisition program 

DAR Defense Acquisition Regulation; distortion adaptive 

 receiver 

DARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office 

DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 

DART disaster assistance response team; downed aircraft 

 recovery team; dynamic analysis and replanning tool 

DAS deep air support (USMC); defense attaché system; direct 

 access subscriber; direct air support 

DAS3 decentralized automated service support system 

DASA Department of the Army (DA) staff agencies 

DASC direct air support center 

DASC(A) direct air support center (airborne) 

DASD Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense 

DASD-CN Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Counternarcotics 

DASD(H&RA) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Humanitarian & 

 Refugee Affairs) 

DASD(I) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) 

DASD(PK/HA) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Peacekeeping 

 and Humanitarian Affairs) 

DASD(S&IO) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Security and 

 Information Operations) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-40 JP 1-02 

DASSS decentralized automated service support system 

DAT deployment action team 

DATT defense attaché 

DATU data adapter termination unit 

dB decibel 

DBA database administrator 

DBDB digital bathymetric database 

DBG database generation 

DBI defense budget issue 

DBIDS Defense Biometric Identification System

DBMS database management system; Defense-Business 

 Management System 

DBSMC Defense Business Systems Management Committee

DBSS Defense Blood Standard System 

DBT design basis threat 

D/C downconverter 

DC Deputies Committee; direct current; Directorate of 

 Counterintelligence (DIA); dislocated civilian 

DCA Defense Communications Agency; Defense Cooperation 

 Agreements; defensive counterair; dual-capable aircraft 

DCAA Defense Contract Audit Agency 

DCAM Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support (DMLSS) 

 customer assistance module 

DCAPES Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning and 

 Execution Segments

DCC damage control center; deployment control center 

DCCC defense collection coordination center 

DCCEP developing country combined exercise program 

DCD data collection device 

DCE defense coordinating element 

D-cell deployment cell 

DCGS distributed common ground/surface system 

DCHA Bureau for Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian 

 Assistance (USAID) 

DCHC Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center

DCHE Defense Counterintelligence and 

 Human Intelligence Enterprise 

DCI defense critical infrastructure; Director of Central 

 Intelligence; dual channel interchange 

D/CI&SP Director, Counterintelligence and Security Programs 

D/CIA Director, Central Intelligence Agency 

DCID Director of Central Intelligence directive 

DCIIS Defense Counterintelligence Information System 

DCIO defense criminal investigative organization 

DCIP Defense Critical Infrastructure Program 

DCIS Defense Criminal Investigative Services 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-41 

DCJTF deputy commander, joint task force 

DCM data channel multiplexer; deputy chief of mission 

DCMA Defense Contract Management Agency 

DCMC Office of Deputy Chairman, Military Committee 

DCMO deputy chief military observer 

DCNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations 

DCO debarkation control officer; Defense Connect Online; 

 defense coordinating officer; dial central office 

DCP Defense Continuity Program; detainee collection point

DCPA Defense Civil Preparedness Agency 

DCPG digital clock pulse generator 

DCR doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and 

 education, personnel, and facilities change 

 recommendation 

DCRF defense chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear 

 response force

DCS Defense Communications System; Defense Courier 

 Service; deputy chief of staff; digital computer system 

DCSCU dual capability servo control unit 

DC/S for RA Deputy Chief of Staff for Reserve Affairs 

DCSINT Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence 

DCSLOG Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, US Army 

DCSOPS Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, United 

 States Army 

DCSPER Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel, United States Army 

DCST Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) contingency support team 

DCTS Defense Collaboration Tool Suite 

DCW Defense Collection Watch (DIA)

DD Department of Defense (form); destroyer (Navy ship) 

DDA Deputy Director for Administration (CIA); designated 

 development activity 

D-day unnamed day on which operations commence or are 

 scheduled to commence 

DDC data distribution center; defense distribution center 

DDCI Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (CIA) 

DDCI/CM Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Community 

 Management 

DDED defense distribution expeditionary depot 

DDG guided missile destroyer 

DDI Deputy Director of Intelligence (CIA); Director of 

 Defense Intelligence 

DDL digital data link 

DDM Defense Logistics Agency Distribution Mapping; digital 

 data modem 

DDMA Defense Distribution Mapping Activity 

DDMS Deputy Director for Military Support (NRO) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-42 JP 1-02 

DDO Deputy Director of Operations (CIA) 

DDOC Deployment and Distribution Operations Center 

 (USTRANSCOM) 

DDP detailed deployment plan 

DDR disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration 

DDR&E director of defense research and engineering 

DDRRR disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration, 

 and resettlement 

DDS defense dissemination system; Deployable Disbursing 

 System; dry deck shelter 

DDS&T Deputy Director for Science & Technology (CIA) 

DDSBn deployment and distribution support battalion

DDSM Defense Distinguished Service Medal 

DDST deployment and distribution support team

DDWSO Deputy Director for Wargaming, Simulation, and 

 Operations 

DE damage expectancy; decedent effects; delay equalizer; 

 directed energy 

De total drift error 

de individual drift error 

DEA Drug Enforcement Administration 

dea aerospace drift error 

DEACN Drug Enforcement Administration Communications 

 Network 

DEAR disease and environmental alert report 

DEARAS Department of Defense (DOD) Emergency Authorities 

 Retrieval and Analysis System 

DeCA Defense Commissary Agency 

DEERS Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System

DEFCON defense readiness condition 

DEFSMAC Defense Special Missile and Aerospace Center 

DEL deployable equipment list 

DEMARC demarcation 

de max maximum drift error 

DEMIL demilitarization 

de min minimum drift error 

de minimax minimax drift error 

DeMS deployment management system 

DEMUX demultiplex 

DEP Delayed Entry Program; deployed 

DEP&S Drug Enforcement Plans and Support 

DEPCJTF deputy commander, joint task force 

DEPID deployment indicator code 

DEPMEDS deployable medical systems 

DepOpsDeps Service deputy operations deputies 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-43 

DEPORD deployment order 

DESC Defense Energy Support Center 

DESCOM Depot System Command (Army) 

DESIGAREA designated area message 

DEST destination; domestic emergency support team 

DET detainee 

DETRESFA distress phase (ICAO) 

DEW directed-energy warfare 

DF direction finding; dispersion factor; disposition form 

DFARS Department of Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation 

 Supplement 

DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Service 

DFAS-DE Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Denver 

DFC deputy force commander; detention facility commander 

DFE Defense Intelligence Agency forward element; 

 Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center forward 

 element; division force equivalent 

DFM deterrent force module 

DFO disaster field office (FEMA) 

DFR Defense Fuel Region 

DFR/E Defense Fuel Region, Europe 

DFRIF Defense Freight Railway Interchange Fleet 

DFR/ME Defense Fuel Region, Middle East 

DFSC Defense Fuel Supply Center 

DFSP defense fuel support point 

DFT deployment for training 

DG defense guidance 

DGIAP Defense General Intelligence and Applications Program 

DGM digital group multiplex 

DH death due to hostilities; Directorate for Human Intelligence 

 (DIA) 

DHA detainee holding area

DHB Defense Health Board

DHE defense human intelligence executor 

DHHS Department of Health and Human Services 

DHM Department of Defense human intelligence manager 

DHMO Department of Defense human intelligence management 

 office 

DHP Defense Health Program

DHS Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Service; 

 Department of Homeland Security; Director of Health 

 Services 

DI Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Directorate for Analysis; 

 DIA Directorate for Intelligence Production; discrete 

 identifier; dynamic interface 

DIA Defense Intelligence Agency 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-44 JP 1-02 

DIAC Defense Intelligence Analysis Center 

DIA/DHX Defense Intelligence Agency, Directorate of Human 

 Intelligence, Office of Document and Media Operations 

DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency manual; Defense Intelligence 

 Agency memorandum 

DIAP Defense Intelligence Analysis Program; Drug Interdiction 

 Assistance Program 

DIAR Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) regulation 

DIB defense industrial base 

DIBITS digital in-band interswitch trunk signaling 

DIBRS defense incident-based reporting system 

DIBTS digital in-band trunk signaling 

DICO Data Information Coordination Office 

DID Defense Intelligence Digest

DIDHS Deployable Intelligence Data Handling System 

DIDO designated intelligence disclosure official 

DIDS Defense Intelligence Dissemination System 

DIEB Defense Intelligence Executive Board 

DIEPS Digital Imagery Exploitation Production System 

DIG digital 

DIGO Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation (Australia) 

DII defense information infrastructure 

DII-COE defense information infrastructure-common operating 

 environment 

DIILS Defense Institute of International Legal Studies 

DIJE Defense Intelligence Joint Environment 

 (United Kingdom) 

DILPA diphase loop modem-A 

DIMA drilling individual mobilization augmentee 

DIMOC Defense Imagery Management Operations Center

DIN defense intelligence notice 

DINET Defense Industrial Net 

DINFOS Defense Information School 

DIOC drug interdiction operations center 

DIOCC Defense Intelligence Operations Coordination Center

DIPC defense industrial plant equipment center 

DIPF defense intelligence priorities framework

DIPFAC diplomatic facility 

DIPGM diphase supergroup modem 

DIRINT Director of Intelligence (USMC) 

DIRJIATF director, joint inter-agency task force 

DIRLAUTH direct liaison authorized 

DIRM Directorate for Information and Resource Management 

DIRMOBFOR director of mobility forces 

DIRNSA Director, National Security Agency 

DIRSPACEFOR director of space forces (USAF)
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-45 

DIS defense information system; Defense Investigative 

 Service; distributed interactive simulation 

DISA Defense Information Systems Agency 

DISA-LO Defense Information Systems Agency - liaison officer 

DISANMOC Defense Information Systems Agency Network 

 Management and Operations Center 

DisasterAWARE Disaster All-Hazard Warnings, Analysis, and Risk 

 Evaluation System 

DISCOM division support command (Army) 

DISGM diphase supergroup 

DISN Defense Information Systems Network 

DISN-E Defense Information Systems Network – Europe 

DISO deception in support of operations security; defense 

 intelligence support office 

DISP drug investigation support program (FAA) 

DITDS defense information threat data system; defense 

 intelligence threat data system 

DITSUM defense intelligence terrorist summary 

DJIOC Defense Joint Intelligence Operations Center 

DJS Director, Joint Staff 

DJSM Director, Joint Staff memorandum 

DJTFS deputy joint task force surgeon 

DLA Defense Logistics Agency 

DLAM Defense Logistics Agency manual 

DLAR Defense Logistics Agency regulation 

DLEA drug law enforcement agency 

DLED dedicated loop encryption device 

DLD digital liaison detachment 

DLIS Defense Logistics Information Service 

DLP data link processor 

DLPMA diphase loop modem A 

DLQ deck landing qualification 

DLR depot-level repairable 

DLSA Defense Legal Services Agency 

DLSS Defense Logistics Standard Systems 

DLTM digital line termination module 

DLTU digital line termination unit 

DM detection and monitoring 

DMA Defense Media Activity

dmax maximum drift distance 

DMB datum marker buoy 

DMC data mode control 

DMD digital message device 

DMDC defense management data center; defense manpower data 

 center 

DME distance measuring equipment 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-46 JP 1-02 

DMHS Defense Message Handling System

DMI director military intelligence 

DMIGS Domestic Mobile Integrated Geospatial-Intelligence System 

dmin minimum drift distance 

DML data manipulation language 

DMLSS Defense Medical Logistics Standard Support 

DMO directory maintenance official 

DMORT Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team

DMOS duty military occupational specialty 

DMPI designated mean point of impact; desired mean point of 

 impact 

DMRD defense management resource decision 

DMRIS defense medical regulating information system 

DMS defense message system; defense meteorological system; 

 director of military support 

DMSB Defense Medical Standardization Board 

DMSM Defense Meritorious Service Medal 

DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office; director of major 

 staff office; Division Medical Supply Office 

DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program 

DMSSC defense medical systems support center 

DMT disaster management team (UN) 

DMU disk memory unit 

DMZ demilitarized zone 

DN digital nonsecure 

DNA Defense Nuclear Agency; deoxyribonucleic acid 

DNAT defense nuclear advisory team 

DNBI disease and nonbattle injury 

DNC digital nautical chart 

DND Department of National Defence (Canada) 

DNDO Domestic Nuclear Detection Office 

DNGA Director of National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 

DNI Director of National Intelligence; Director of Naval 

 Intelligence 

DNIF duty not involving flying 

DNMSP driftnet monitoring support program 

DNSO Defense Network Systems Organization 

DNVT digital nonsecure voice terminal 

DNY display area code (NYX) routing 

DOA days of ammunition; dead on arrival; director of 

 administration 

DOB date of birth; dispersal operating base 

DOC Department of Commerce; designed operational capability 

DOCC deep operations coordination cell 

DOCDIV documents division 

DOCEX document exploitation 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-47 

DOCNET Doctrine Networked Education and Training 

DOD Department of Defense 

DODAAC Department of Defense activity address code 

DODAAD Department of Defense Activity Address Directory 

DODAC DOD ammunition code 

DODD Department of Defense directive 

DODDS Department of Defense Dependent Schools 

DODEX Department of Defense intelligence system information 

 system extension 

DODFMR Department of Defense Financial Management Regulation 

DODI Department of Defense instruction 

DODIC Department of Defense identification code 

DODID Department of Defense Intelligence Digest 

DODIIS Department of Defense Intelligence Information System 

DODIPC Department of Defense intelligence production community 

DODIPP Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program 

DOD-JIC Department of Defense Joint Intelligence Center 

DODM data orderwire diphase modem 

DOE Department of Energy 

DOEHRS Defense Occupational and Environmental Health 

 Reporting System

DOF degree of freedom 

DOI Defense Special Security Communications System 

 (DSSCS) Operating Instructions; Department of 

 Interior 

DOJ Department of Justice 

DOL Department of Labor 

DOM day of month 

DOMEX document and media exploitation 

DOMS director of military support 

DON Department of the Navy 

DOPMA Defense Officer Personnel Management Act 

DOR date of rank 

DOS date of separation; days of supply; denial of service; 

 Department of State; disk operating system 

DOT Department of Transportation 

DOTEO Department of Transportation emergency organization 

DOTMLPF doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and 

 education, personnel, and facilities 

DOW data orderwire; died of wounds 

DOX-T direct operational exchange-tactical 

DOY day of year 

DP Air Force component plans officer (staff); decisive point; 

 Directorate for Policy Support (DIA); displaced person 

dp parachute drift 

DPA danger pay allowance; Defense Production Act 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-48 JP 1-02 

DPAP Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy

DPAS Defense Priorities and Allocation System 

DPC deception planning cell; Defense Planning Committee 

 (NATO) 

DPEC displaced person exploitation cell 

DPI desired point of impact 

dpi dots per inch 

DPICM dual purpose improved conventional munitions 

DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN) 

DPLSM dipulse group modem 

DPM dissemination program manager 

DPMO Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office 

DPO distribution process owner 

DPP data patch panel; distributed production program 

DPPDB digital point positioning database 

DPQ defense planning questionnaire (NATO) 

DPR display non-nodal routing 

DPRB Defense Planning and Resources Board 

DPRE displaced persons, refugees, and evacuees 

DPS data processing system 

DPSC Defense Personnel Support Center 

DPSK differential phase shift keying 

DR dead reckoning; digital receiver; disaster relief 

DRB Defense Resources Board 

DRe dead reckoning error 

DRL Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DOS)

DRMD deployments requirements manning document 

DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office 

DRMS Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service; distance 

 root-mean-square 

DRN Disaster Response Network 

DRO departmental requirements office; departmental 

 requirements officer 

DRRS Defense Readiness Reporting System 

DRS detainee reporting system

DRSN Defense Red Switched Network 

DRT dead reckoning tracer 

DRTC designated reporting technical control 

DS Directorate for Management and Chief Information 

 Officer (DIA); direct support; doctrine sponsor 

DSA defense special assessment (DIA); defensive sea area 

DSAA Defense Security Assistance Agency 

DSAID defense sexual assault incident database

DSAR Defense Supply Agency regulation 

DSB digital in-band trunk signaling (DIBTS) signaling buffer 

DSC defensive space control; digital selective calling 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-49 

DSCA Defense Security Cooperation Agency; defense support 

 of civil authorities 

DSCP Defense Supply Center Philadelphia 

DSCR Defense Supply Center Richmond 

DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System 

DSCSOC Defense Satellite Communications System operations 

 center 

DSDI digital simple data interface 

DSE direct support element

DSF District Stability Framework (USAID) 

DSG digital signal generator 

DSI defense simulation internet 

DSL display switch locator (SL) routing 

DSM decision support matrix

DSMAC digital scene-matching area correlation 

DSN Defense Switched Network 

DSNET Defense Secure Network 

DSNET-2 Defense Secure Network-2 

DSO Defense Spectrum Organization; defensive systems 

 officer 

DSOE deployment schedule of events 

DSP Defense Satellite Program; Defense Support Program 

DSPD defense support to public diplomacy 

DSPL display system programming language 

DSPS Director, Security Plans and Service 

DSR defense source registry 

DSS Defense Security Service; Distribution Standard System 

DSS/ALOC direct support system/air line of communications 

DSSCS Defense Special Security Communications System 

DSSM Defense Superior Service Medal 

DSSO data system support organization; defense sensitive support 

 office; defense systems support organization 

DSSR Department of State Standardized Regulation 

DST decision support template; Defense Logistics 

 Agency (DLA) support team; deployment support team 

DSTP Director of Strategic Target Planning 

DSTR destroy 

DSTS-G Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) Satellite 

 Transmission Services - Global 

DSVL doppler sonar velocity log 

DSVT digital subscriber voice terminal 

DT Directorate for MASINT and Technical Collection (DIA) 

DTA Defense Threat Assessment; dynamic threat assessment 

DTAM defense terrorism awareness message 

DTCI Defense Transportation Coordination Initiative 

DTD detailed troop decontamination 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-50 JP 1-02 

DTE data terminal equipment; developmental test and 

 evaluation 

DTED digital terrain elevation data 

DTG date-time group; digital trunk group (digital transmission 

 group) 

DTIP Disruptive Technology Innovations Partnership (DIA) 

DTL designator target line 

DTMF dual tone multi-frequency 

DTMR defense traffic management regulation 

DTO division transportation office; drug trafficking organization 

DTOC division tactical operations center 

DTR defense transportation regulation 

DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency 

DTRACS Defense Transportation Reporting and Control System 

DTRATCA Defense Threat Reduction and Treaty Compliance Agency 

DTS Defense Transportation System; Defense Travel System; 

 diplomatic telecommunications service 

DTTS Defense Transportation Tracking System 

DTWR defense terrorism warning report 

DU depleted uranium

DUSD deputy under Secretary of Defense

DUSD (CI&S) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Counterintelligence 

 and Security 

DUSDL Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics 

DUSD(L&MR) Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and 

 Materiel Readiness

DUSDP Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

DV distinguished visitor 

DVA Department of Veterans Affairs 

DVD digital video device; digital video disc 

DVITS Digital Video Imagery Transmission System 

DVOW digital voice orderwire 

DVT deployment visualization tool 

DWAS Defense Working Capital Accounting System 

DWMCF double-wide modular causeway ferry 

DWT deadweight tonnage 

DWTS Digital Wideband Transmission System 

DX Directorate for External Relations (DIA) 

DZ drop zone 

DZC drop zone controller 

DZCO drop zone control officer 

DZSO drop zone safety officer 

DZST drop zone support team 

DZSTL drop zone support team leader 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-51 

E 

E total probable error 

E&DCP evaluation and data collection plan 

E&E emergency and extraordinary expense authority 

E&EE emergency and extraordinary expense 

E&I engineering and installation 

E&M ear and mouth; special signaling leads 

E1 Echelon 1 

E2 Echelon 2 

E3 Echelon 3; electromagnetic environmental effects 

E4 Echelon 4 

E5 Echelon 5 

E-8C joint surveillance, target attack radar system (JSTARS) 

 aircraft 

EA electronic attack; emergency action; evaluation agent; 

 executive agent; executive assistant 

ea each 

EAC echelons above corps (Army); emergency action; 

 emergency action committee 

EACS expeditionary aeromedical evacuation crew member support 

EACT expeditionary aeromedical evacuation coordination team 

EAD earliest arrival date; echelons above division (Army); 

 extended active duty 

EADRU Euro-Atlantic disaster response unit 

EADS Eastern Air Defense Sector 

EAES expeditionary aeromedical evacuation squadron 

EAF expeditionary aerospace forces; expeditionary airfield 

EAI executive agent instruction 

EALT earliest anticipated launch time 

EAM emergency action message 

EAP emergency action plan; emergency action procedures 

EAPC Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council 

EAP-CJCS emergency action procedures of the Chairman of the 

 Joint Chiefs of Staff 

EARLY evasion and recovery supplemental data report 

E-ARTS en route automated radar tracking system 

EASF expeditionary aeromedical staging facility 

EAST expeditionary aeromedical evacuation staging team 

EASTPAC eastern Pacific Ocean 

EBCDIC extended binary coded decimal interchange code 

EBS environmental baseline survey 

EC electronic combat; enemy combatant; error control; 

 European Community 

ECAC Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center 

ECB echelons corps and below (Army) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-52 JP 1-02 

ECC engineer coordination cell; evacuation control center 

ECES expeditionary civil engineer squadron 

ECHA Executive Committee for Humanitarian Affairs (UN) 

ECHO European Community Humanitarian Aid Department 

ECM electronic countermeasures 

ECN electronic change notice; Minimum Essential Emergency 

 Communications Network 

ECO electronic combat officer 

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council (UN) 

ECP emergency command precedence; engineering change 

 proposal; entry control point 

ECS expeditionary combat support 

ECU environmental control unit 

ED envelope delay; evaluation directive 

EDA Economic Development Administration (DOC); 

 excess defense articles 

EDC estimated date of completion 

EDD earliest delivery date 

EDI electronic data interchange 

EDSS equipment deployment and storage system 

EE emergency establishment 

EEA environmental executive agent 

EEBD emergency escape breathing device 

EECT end evening civil twilight 

EED electro-explosive device; emergency-essential 

 designation 

EEDAC emergency essential Department of the Army civilian

EEE emergency and extraordinary expense 

EEFI essential element of friendly information 

EEI essential element of information 

EELV evolved expendable launch vehicle 

EEO equal employment opportunity 

EEPROM electronic erasable programmable read-only memory 

EER enlisted employee review; extended echo ranging 

EEZ exclusive economic zone 

EFA engineering field activity 

EFAC emergency family assistance center 

EFD engineering field division 

EFP explosively formed projectile 

EFST essential fire support task 

EFT electronic funds transfer 

EFTO encrypt for transmission only 

EGAT Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade (USAID)

EGM Earth Gravity Model 

EGS Earth ground station 

EH explosive hazard 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-53 

EHCC explosive hazards coordination cell 

EHDB explosive hazard database

EHF extremely high frequency 

EHO environmental health officer 

EHRA environmental health risk assessment 

EHSA environmental health site assessment 

EHT explosive hazard team 

EI environmental information; exercise item 

EIA Electronic Industries Association 

EID electrically initiated device

EIS Environmental Impact Statement 

eJMAPS electronic Joint Manpower and Personnel System

ELBA emergency locator beacon 

ELCAS elevated causeway system 

ELCAS(M) elevated causeway system (modular) 

ELCAS(NL) elevated causeway system (Navy lighterage) 

ELD emitter locating data 

ELECTRO-OPTINT electro-optical intelligence 

ELINT electronic intelligence 

ELIST enhanced logistics intratheater support tool 

ELOS extended line of sight 

ELPP equal level patch panel 

ELR extra-long-range aircraft 

ELSEC electronics security 

ELT emergency locator transmitter 

ELV expendable launch vehicle 

ELVA emergency low-visibility approach 

EM electromagnetic; emergency management; executive 

 manager 

EMAC emergency management assistance compact 

E-mail electronic mail 

EMALL electronic mall 

EMBM electromagnetic battle management

EMC electromagnetic compatibility 

EMCON emission control 

EMD effective miss distance 

EME electromagnetic environment 

EMEDS Expeditionary Medical Support 

EMF expeditionary medical facility 

EMI electromagnetic interface; electromagnetic interference 

EMIO expanded maritime interception operations 

EMOE electromagnetic operational environment

EMP electromagnetic pulse 

EMR hazards electromagnetic radiation hazards 

EMS electromagnetic spectrum; emergency medical services 

EMSC electromagnetic spectrum control 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-54 JP 1-02 

EMSEC emanations security 

EMT emergency medical technician; emergency medical 

 treatment 

EMTF expeditionary mobility task force 

EMV electromagnetic vulnerability 

ENCOM engineer command (Army) 

ENDEX exercise termination 

ENL enlisted 

ENSCE enemy situation correlation element 

ENWGS Enhanced Naval Warfare Gaming System 

EO electro-optical; end office; equal opportunity; executive 

 order; eyes only 

EOB electromagnetic order of battle; electronic order of battle; 

 enemy order of battle 

EOC early operational capability; emergency operating center; 

 emergency operations center 

EOCA explosive ordnance clearance agent

EOD explosive ordnance disposal 

EODMU-1 explosive ordnance disposal mobile unit one 

EOI electro-optic(al) imagery 

EO-IR electro-optical-infrared 

EO-IR CM electro-optical-infrared countermeasure 

EOL end of link 

EOM end of message 

EOP emergency operating procedures 

E-O TDA electro-optical tactical decision aid 

EOW engineering orderwire 

EP electronic protection; emergency preparedness; 

 emergency procedures; execution planning 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency; evasion plan of action 

EPBX electronic private branch exchange 

EPC Emergency Procurement Committee

EPF enhanced palletized load system (PLS) flatrack 

EPH emergency planning handbook 

EPIC El Paso Intelligence Center 

EPIRB emergency position-indicating radio beacon 

EPLO emergency preparedness liaison officer 

EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory 

EPU expeditionary port unit

EPW enemy prisoner of war 

EPW/CI enemy prisoner of war/civilian internee 

ERC exercise related construction 

ERDC Engineer Research and Development Center 

ERGM extended range guided munitions 

ERO engine running on or offload 

ERRO Emergency Response and Recovery Office 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-55 

ERSD estimated return to service date 

ERT emergency response team (FEMA); engineer 

 reconnaissance team 

ERT-A emergency response team - advance element 

ERU emergency response unit 

ERW explosive remnants of war 

ES electronic warfare support 

ESAC Electromagnetic-Space Analysis Center (NSA)

ESB engineer support battalion 

ESC Electronics Systems Center; expeditionary sustainment 

 command 

ESF Economic Support Fund; emergency support function 

ESG executive steering group; expeditionary strike group 

ESGN electrically suspended gyro navigation 

ESI extremely sensitive information 

ESK electronic staff weather officer kit 

ESM expeditionary site mapping 

ESO embarkation staff officer; environmental science officer; 

 Expeditionary Support Organization (DFAS) 

ESOC Emergency Supply Operations Center 

ESORTS Enhanced Status of Resources and Training System 

ESP engineer support plan 

E-Space Electromagnetic-Space

ESR external supported recovery 

EST embarked security team; emergency service team; 

 emergency support team (FEMA); en route support 

 team 

ET electronics technician

ETA estimated time of arrival 

ETAC emergency tactical air control 

ETD estimated time of departure 

ETF electronic target folder 

ETI estimated time of intercept 

ETIC estimated time for completion; estimated time in 

 commission 

ETM electronic transmission; essential tasks matrix 

ETPL endorsed TEMPEST products list 

ETR export traffic release 

ETS European telephone system 

ETSS extended training service specialist 

ETX end of text 

EU European Union 

E-UAV endurance unmanned aerial vehicle 

EUB essential user bypass 

EURV essential user rekeying variable 

EUSA Eighth US Army 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-56 JP 1-02 

EUSC effective United States control; effective United States 

 controlled 

EUSCS effective United States controlled ships 

EVC evasion chart 

EVE equal value exchange 

EW early warning; electronic warfare 

EWC electronic warfare cell; electronic warfare coordinator 

EWCA electronic warfare control authority

EWCC electronic warfare coordination cell 

EWCS electronic warfare control ship 

EWD Electronic Warfare Directorate (USSTRATCOM)

EWE electronic warfare element

EWG electronic warfare group

EW/GCI early warning/ground-controlled intercept 

EWIR electronic warfare integrated reprogramming 

EWO electronic warfare officer 

EXCIMS Executive Council for Modeling and Simulations 

ExCom executive committee 

EXDIR Executive Director (CIA) 

EXDIR/ICA Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs 

 (USG) 

EXECSEC executive secretary 

EXER exercise 

EXORD execute order 

EXPLAN exercise plan 

EZ exchange zone 

EZCO extraction zone control officer 

EZM engagement zone manager 

F 

F Fahrenheit; flare patterns; flash 

F2T2EA find, fix, track, target, engage, and assess 

F3EAD find, fix, finish, exploit, analyze, and disseminate

F&ES fire and emergency services 

FA feasibility assessment; field artillery 

FAA Federal Aviation Administration; Foreign Assistance Act 

FAAO Federal Aviation Administration order 

FAAR facilitated after-action review 

FAC forward air controller 

FAC(A) forward air controller (airborne) 

FACE forward aviation combat engineering 

FACSFAC fleet area control and surveillance facility 

FACT field advance civilian team; field assessment and 

 coordination team 

FAD feasible arrival date 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-57 

F/AD force/activity designator 

FAE fuel air explosive 

FAH foreign affairs handbook 

FALD Field Administration and Logistics Division 

FALOP Forward Area Limited Observing Program

FAM functional area manager 

FAMP forward area minefield planning 

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (UN); foreign area 

 officer 

FAPES Force Augmentation Planning and Execution System 

FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Aviation 

 Regulation; formal assessment report 

FARC Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 

FARP forward arming and refueling point 

FAS Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA); frequency 

 assignment subcommittee; fueling at sea; functional 

 account symbol 

FASCAM family of scatterable mines 

FAST field assessment surveillance team; fleet antiterrorism 

 security team 

FAX facsimile 

FB forward boundary 

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation 

FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service 

FBO faith-based organization 

FC field circular; final coordination; fires cell (Army); floating 

 causeway; floating craft; force commander 

FCA Foreign Claims Act; functional configuration audit 

FCC Federal Communications Commission; Federal coordinating 

 center; functional combatant commander 

FCE forward command element 

FCG foreign clearance guide 

FCM foreign consequence management 

FCO federal coordinating officer 

FCP fire control party 

FCT firepower control team 

FD first draft; from temporary duty 

FDA Food and Drug Administration 

FDBM functional database manager 

FDC fire direction center 

FDESC force description 

FDL fast deployment logistics 

FDLP flight deck landing practice 

FDM frequency division multiplexing 

FDO fire direction officer; flexible deterrent option; flight deck 

 officer; foreign disclosure officer 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-58 JP 1-02 

FDR/FA flight data recorder/fault analyzer 

FDS fault detection system 

FDSL fixed directory subscriber list 

FDSS fault detection subsystem 

FDSSS flight deck status and signaling system 

FDT forward distribution team 

FDUL fixed directory unit list 

FDX full duplex 

FE facilities engineering 

FEA front-end analysis 

FEBA forward edge of the battle area 

FEC facilities engineering command; forward error correction 

FECC fires and effects coordination cell 

FED-STD federal standard 

FEI forensic-enabled intelligence

FEK frequency exchange keying 

FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency 

FEP fleet satellite (FLTSAT) extremely high frequency (EHF) 

 package 

FEPP federal excess personal property; foreign excess personal 

 property 

FES fire emergency services 

FEST foreign emergency support team; forward engineer 

 support team 

FET facility engineer team 

FEU forty-foot equivalent unit 

FEZ fighter engagement zone 

FF navy fast frigate 

Ff fatigue correction factor 

FFA free-fire area 

FFC force fires coordinator 

FFCC flight ferry control center; 

 force fires coordination center (USMC) 

FFD foundation feature data 

FFE field force engineering; flame field expedients 

FFG guided missile frigate 

FFH fast frequency hopping 

FFH-net fast-frequency-hopping net 

FFHT-net fast-frequency-hopping training net 

FFIR friendly force information requirement 

FFP Food for Peace; fresh frozen plasma 

FFTU forward freight terminal unit 

FG fighter group 

FGMDSS Future Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

FGS final governing standard; Force Generation Service (UN) 

FH fleet hospital 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-59 

FHA Bureau for Food and Humanitarian Assistance; Federal 

 Highway Administration; foreign humanitarian assistance 

FHC family help center 

F-hour effective time of announcement by the Secretary of Defense 

 to the Military Departments of a decision to mobilize 

 Reserve units 

FHP force health protection 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration 

FI foreign intelligence 

FIA functional interoperability architecture 

FIC force indicator code 

FID foreign internal defense 

FIDAF foreign internal defense augmentation force 

FIE foreign intelligence entity 

FIFO first-in-first-out 

FinCEN Financial Crimes Enforcement Network 

FIR first-impressions report; flight information region 

FIRCAP foreign intelligence requirements capabilities and priorities 

1st IOC 1st Information Operations Command (Land) 

FIS flight information service; Foreign Intelligence Service 

FISC fleet and industrial supply center 

FISINT foreign instrumentation signals intelligence 

FISS foreign intelligence and security services 

FIST fire support team; fleet imagery support terminal; fleet 

 intelligence support team 

FIWC fleet information warfare center 

FIXe navigational fix error 

FLAR forward-looking airborne radar 

FLENUMMETOCCEN Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center 

FLENUMMETOCDET Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic 

 Detachment 

FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center 

FLIP flight information publication; flight instruction procedures 

FLIR forward-looking infrared 

FLITE federal legal information through electronics 

FLO/FLO float-on/float-off 

FLOLS fresnel lens optical landing system 

FLOT forward line of own troops 

FLP force level planning 

FLS forward logistic site 

FLSG force logistic support group 

FLTCYBERCOM Fleet Cyber Command (Navy)

FLTSAT fleet satellite 

FLTSATCOM fleet satellite communications 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-60 JP 1-02 

FM field manual (Army); financial management; flare 

 multiunit; force module; frequency management; 

 frequency modulation; functional manager 

FM/A functional manager for analysis

FMA-net frequency management A-net 

FMAS foreign media analysis subsystem 

FMAT financial management augmentation team 

FMC force movement characteristics; full mission-capable 

FMCH fleet multichannel 

FMCR Fleet Marine Corps Reserve 

FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 

FMI field manual-interim 

FMF Fleet Marine Force 

FMFP foreign military financing program 

FMID force module identifier 

FMO frequency management office; functional manager office 

FMP foreign materiel program 

FMS force module subsystem; foreign military sales 

FMSC frequency management sub-committee 

FMT-net frequency management training net 

FMV full motion video 

FN foreign nation 

FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center 

FNMOD Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic 

 Detachment 

FNOC Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Command 

FNS foreign nation support 

FO fiber optic; flash override; forward observer 

FOB forward operating base; forward operations base 

FOC full operational capability; future operations cell 

FOD field operations division; foreign object damage 

FOFW fiber optic field wire 

FOG Field Operations Guide for Disaster Assessment and 

 Response 

FOI fault detection isolation 

FOIA Freedom of Information Act 

FOIU fiber optic interface unit 

FOL fiber optic link; forward operating location 

FON freedom of navigation (operations) 

FOO field ordering officer

FORCE fuels operational readiness capability equipment (Air Force) 

FORMICA foreign military intelligence collection activities 

FORSCOM United States Army Forces Command 

FORSTAT force status and identity report 

FOS forward operating site; full operational status 

FOT follow-on operational test 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-61 

FOUO for official use only 

FOV field of view 

FP force protection; frequency panel 

FPA foreign policy advisor 

FPC final planning conference; future plans cell 

FPCON force protection condition 

FPD force protection detachment; foreign post differential 

FPF final protective fire 

FPM Federal personnel manual 

FPO fleet post office 

FPOC focal point operations center 

FPS Federal Protective Service; force protection source 

FPTAS flight path threat analysis simulation 

FPTS forward propagation by tropospheric scatter 

FPWG force protection working group 

FR final report; frequency response 

FRA Federal Railroad Administration (DOT) 

FRAG fragmentation code 

FRAGORD fragmentary order 

FRC federal resource coordinator; forward resuscitative care 

FRD formerly restricted data 

FREQ frequency 

FRERP Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan 

FRF fragment retention film 

FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center 

 (DOE) 

FRO flexible response option

FROG free rocket over ground 

FRP Federal response plan (USG) 

FRRS frequency resource record system 

FRTP fleet response training plan 

FS fighter squadron; file separator; file server; flare single-unit 

fs search radius safety factor 

FSA fire support area 

FSB fire support base; forward staging base; forward support 

 base; forward support battalion 

FSC fire support cell; fire support coordinator (USMC) 

FSCC fire support coordination center (USMC) 

FSCL fire support coordination line 

FSCM fire support coordination measure 

FSCOORD fire support coordinator (Army) 

FSE fire support element 

FSEM fire support execution matrix 

FSF foreign security forces 

FSI Foreign Service Institute 

FSK frequency shift key 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-62 JP 1-02 

FSN foreign service national 

FSO fire support officer; flight safety officer; foreign service 

 officer 

FSP functional support plan 

FSR field service representative

FSRT fatality search and recovery team

FSS fast sealift ship; fire support station; flight service station 

FSSG force service support group (USMC) 

FSST forward space support to theater 

FST fleet surgical team 

FSU former Soviet Union; forward support unit 

FSW feet of seawater 

ft feet; foot 

ft3 cubic feet 

FTC Federal Trade Commission 

FTCA Foreign Tort Claims Act 

FTN force tracking number

FTP file transfer protocol 

FTRG fleet tactical readiness group 

FTS Federal Telecommunications System; Federal telephone 

 service; file transfer service 

FTU field training unit; freight terminal unit 

FUAC functional area code 

FUNCPLAN functional plan 

F/V fishing vessel 

Fv aircraft speed correction factor 

FVT Force Validation Tool 

FW fighter wing; fixed-wing; weather correction factor 

FWC fleet weather center

FWD forward 

FWDA friendly weapon danger area 

FWF former warring factions 

FY fiscal year 

FYDP Future Years Defense Program 

G 

G-1 Army or Marine Corps component manpower or personnel 

 staff officer (Army division or higher staff, 

 Marine Corps brigade or higher staff) 

G-2 Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence; Army or 

 Marine Corps component intelligence staff officer 

 (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

 higher staff) 

G-2X Army counterintelligence and human intelligence 

 staff element 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-63 

G-3 Army or Marine Corps component operations staff 

 officer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps 

 brigade or higher staff); assistant chief of staff, 

 operations 

G-4 Army or Marine Corps component logistics staff officer 

 (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade or 

 higher staff); Assistant Chief of Staff for Logistics 

G-5 assistant chief of staff, plans

G-6 Army or Marine Corps component command, control, 

 communications, and computer systems staff officer; 

 assistant chief of staff for communications; signal staff 

 officer (Army) 

G-7 Army component information operations staff officer; 

 assistant chief of staff, information engagement; 

 information operations staff officer (ARFOR) 

G/A ground to air 

GA geospatial analyst; Tabun, a nerve agent 

GAA general agency agreement; geospatial intelligence 

 assessment activity 

GAFS General Accounting and Finance System 

GAMSS Global Air Mobility Support System 

GAO General Accounting Office; Government Accountability 

 Office 

GAR gateway access request 

GARS Global Area Reference System 

GAT governmental assistance team 

GATB guidance, apportionment, and targeting board 

GATES Global Air Transportation Execution System 

GB group buffer; Sarin, a nerve agent 

GBI ground-based interceptor 

GBL government bill of lading 

GBMD global ballistic missile defense

GBR ground-based radar 

GBS Global Broadcast Service; Global Broadcast System 

GBU guided bomb unit 

GC general counsel; Geneva Convention; Geneva 

 Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian 

 Persons in Time of War 

GC3A global command, control, and communications assessment 

GC4A global command, control, communications, and computer 

 assessment 

GCA ground controlled approach 

GCC geographic combatant commander; global contingency 

 construction 

GCCC global contingency construction contract

GCCS Global Command and Control System 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-64 JP 1-02 

GCCS-A Global Command and Control System-Army 

GCCS-I3 Global Command and Control System Integrated 

 Imagery and Intelligence 

GCCS-J Global Command and Control System-Joint 

GCCS-M Global Command and Control System-Maritime 

GCE ground combat element (MAGTF)

GCI ground control intercept 

GCM global container manager; 

 Global Information Grid (GIG) Content Management 

GCP ground commander’s pointer 

GCRI general collective routing indicator (RI) 

GCS ground control station 

GCSC global contingency service contract

GCSS Global Command Support System

GCSS-J Global Combat Support System - Joint

GCTN global combating terrorism network 

GD Soman, a nerve agent 

GDF gridded data field; Guidance for Development of the Force 

GDIP General Defense Intelligence Program 

GDIPP General Defense Intelligence Proposed Program 

GDP General Defense Plan (SACEUR): gross domestic product 

GDSS Global Decision Support System 

GE general engineering 

GEF Guidance for Employment of the Force 

GEM Global Information Grid (GIG) Enterprise Management 

GENADMIN general admin (message) 

GENSER general service (message) 

GENTEXT general text 

GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit 

GEOCODE geographic code 

GEOFILE geolocation code file; standard specified geographic 

 location file 

GEOINT geospatial intelligence 

GEOLOC geographic location; geographic location code 

GEOREF geographic reference; world geographic reference system 

GETS geospatial enterprise tasking, processing, exploitation, 

 and dissemination service

GF a nerve agent 

GFE government-furnished equipment 

GFI government-furnished information 

GFM Global Force Management; global freight management; 

 government-furnished material 

GFMAP Global Force Management Allocation Plan

GFMB Global Force Management Board 

GFMIG Global Force Management Implementation Guidance 

GFMPL Graphics Fleet Mission Program Library 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-65 

GFOAR global family of operation plans assessment report 

GFS global fleet station 

GFU group framing unit 

GHz gigahertz 

GI geomatics and imagery 

GI&S geospatial information and services 

GIAC graphic input aggregate control 

GIANT Global Positioning System Interference and 

 Navigation Tool

GIBCO geospatial intelligence base for contingency operations 

GIC (gabarit international de chargement) international 

 loading gauge 

GIE global information environment 

GIG Global Information Grid 

GII global information infrastructure 

GIMS Geospatial Intelligence Information Management Services

GIO Geospatial Intelligence Organisation (New Zealand)

GIP gridded installation photograph 

GIS geographic information system; geospatial information 

 systems 

GL government leased 

GLCM ground-launched cruise missile 

GLINT gated laser intensifier 

GLTD ground laser target designator 

GM group modem 

GMD global missile defense; ground-based midcourse defense; 

 group mux and/or demux 

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System 

GMF ground mobile force 

GMFP global military force policy 

GMI general military intelligence 

GMLRS Global Positioning System Multiple Launch 

 Rocket System 

GMR graduated mobilization response; ground mobile radar 

GMRS global mobility readiness squadron 

GMS global mobility squadron 

GMTI ground moving target indicator 

GNA Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Assurance 

GNC Global Network Operations Center 

GNCC global network operations (NETOPS) center 

GND Global Information Grid (GIG) Network Defense 

GNSC global network operations (NETOPS) support center 

GNSS global navigation satellite system

GO government owned 

GOCO government-owned, contractor-operated 

GOES geostationary operational environmental satellite 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-66 JP 1-02 

GOGO government-owned, government-operated 

GOS grade of service 

GOSG general officer steering group 

GOTS government off-the-shelf 

GP general purpose; group 

GPC geospatial planning cell; government purchase card 

GPD gallons per day 

GPE geospatial intelligence preparation of the environment 

GPEE general purpose encryption equipment 

GPL Geospatial Product Library 

GPM gallons per minute; global pallet manager 

GPMDM group modem 

GPMJAB Global Patient Movement Joint Advisory Board

GPMRC Global Patient Movement Requirements Center 

GPS Global Positioning System 

GPSOC Global Positioning System Operations Center

GPW Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of 

 Prisoners of War 

GQ general quarters

GR graduated response 

GRASP general retrieval and sort processor 

GRCA ground reference coverage area 

GRG gridded reference graphic 

GRL global reach laydown 

GRREG graves registration 

GS general service; general support; group separator 

GSA General Services Administration 

GSE ground support equipment 

GSI glide slope indicator 

GSM ground station module 

GSO general services officer 

GSORTS Global Status of Resources and Training System 

GS-R general support-reinforcing 

GSR general support-reinforcing; ground surveillance radar 

GSSA general supply support area 

GSSC global satellite communications (SATCOM) 

 support center 

GST geospatial support team

gt gross ton 

GTAS ground-to-air signals 

GTL gun-target line 

GTM global transportation management 

GTN Global Transportation Network 

GUARD US National Guard and Air Guard 

GUARDS General Unified Ammunition Reporting Data System 

G/VLLD ground/vehicle laser locator designator 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-67 

GW guerrilla warfare 

GWC global weather central 

GWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network 

GWOT global war on terrorism 

GWS Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the 

 Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces 

 in the Field 

GWS Sea Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the 

 Condition of the Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked 

 Members of the Armed Forces at Sea 

H 

H&I harassing and interdicting 

H&S headquarters and service 

HA holding area; humanitarian assistance 

HAARS high-altitude airdrop resupply system 

HAC helicopter aircraft commander; human intelligence 

 analysis cell 

HACC humanitarian assistance coordination center 

HAHO high-altitude high-opening parachute technique 

HALO high-altitude low-opening parachute technique 

HAP humanitarian assistance program 

HAP-EP humanitarian assistance program-excess property 

HARC human intelligence analysis and reporting cell

HARM high-speed antiradiation missile 

HARP high altitude release point 

HAST humanitarian assistance survey team 

HATR hazardous air traffic report 

HAZ hazardous cargo 

HAZMAT hazardous materials 

HB heavy boat 

HBCT heavy brigade combat team 

HC Directorate for Human Capital (DIA)

HCA head of contracting activity; humanitarian and civic 

 assistance 

HCAS hostile casualty 

HCL hydrochloride 

HCO helicopter control officer 

HCP hardcopy printer 

HCS helicopter combat support (Navy); helicopter 

 coordination section 

HCT human intelligence (HUMINT) collection team 

HD a mustard agent; harmonic distortion; homeland defense 

HDC harbor defense commander; helicopter direction center 

HDCU harbor defense command unit 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-68 JP 1-02 

HDM humanitarian demining 

HDO humanitarian demining operations 

HDPLX half duplex 

HDR humanitarian daily ration 

HDTC Humanitarian Demining Training Center 

HE heavy equipment; high explosives 

HEAT helicopter external air transport; high explosive antitank 

HEC helicopter element coordinator 

HEFOE hydraulic electrical fuel oxygen engine 

HEI high explosives incendiary 

HEL-H heavy helicopter 

HEL-L light helicopter 

HEL-M medium helicopter 

HELO helicopter 

HEMP high-altitude electromagnetic pulse 

HEMTT heavy expanded mobile tactical truck 

HEO highly elliptical orbit 

HEPA high efficiency particulate air 

HERF hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuels 

HERO electromagnetic radiation hazards; hazards of 

 electromagnetic radiation to ordnance 

HERP hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel 

HET heavy equipment transporter; human intelligence 

 exploitation team 

HEWSweb Humanitarian Early Warning Service 

HF high frequency 

HFA human factors analysis

HFDF high-frequency direction finding 

HFP hostile fire pay

HFRB high frequency regional broadcast 

HH homing pattern 

HHC headquarters and headquarters company

HHD headquarters and headquarters detachment 

H-hour seaborne assault landing hour; specific time an operation 

 or exercise begins 

HHQ higher headquarters 

HHS Department of Health and Human Services 

HIC humanitarian information center 

HICAP high-capacity firefighting foam station 

HIDACZ high-density airspace control zone 

HIDTA high-intensity drug trafficking area 

HIFR helicopter in-flight refueling 

HIMAD high-to-medium-altitude air defense 

HIMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System 

HIMEZ high-altitude missile engagement zone 

HIRSS hover infrared suppressor subsystem 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-69 

HIRTA high intensity radio transmission area

HIU humanitarian information unit (DOS) 

HIV human immunodeficiency virus 

HJ crypto key change 

HLPS heavy-lift pre-position ship 

HLZ helicopter landing zone 

HM hazardous material 

HMA humanitarian mine action 

HMH Marine heavy helicopter squadron 

HMIRS Hazardous Material Information Resource System 

HMIS Hazardous Material Information System 

HMLA Marine light/attack helicopter squadron 

HMM Marine medium helicopter squadron 

HMMWV high mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle 

HMOD harbormaster operations detachment 

HMW health, morale, and welfare 

HN host nation 

HNC host-nation coordination

HNS host-nation support 

HNSA host-nation support agreement 

HNSCC host-nation support coordination cell 

HOB height of burst 

HOC human intelligence operations cell; humanitarian 

 operations center 

HOCC humanitarian operations coordination center 

HOD head of delegation 

HOGE hover out of ground effect 

HOIS hostile intelligence service 

HOM head of mission 

HOSTAC helicopter operations from ships other than aircraft carriers 

 (USN publication) 

HPA high power amplifier 

HPM high-power microwave

HPMSK high priority mission support kit 

HPT high-payoff target 

HPTL high-payoff target list 

HQ HAVE QUICK; headquarters 

HQCOMDT headquarters commandant 

HQDA Headquarters, Department of the Army 

HQFM-net HAVE QUICK frequency modulation net 

HQFMT-net HAVE QUICK frequency modulation training net 

HQMC Headquarters, Marine Corps 

HR helicopter request; hostage rescue 

HRB high-risk billet 

HRC high-risk-of-capture; Human Resources Command 

HRF homeland response force
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-70 JP 1-02 

HRJTF humanitarian relief joint task force 

HRO humanitarian relief organizations 

HRP high-risk personnel; human remains pouch 

HRS horizon reference system 

HRT hostage rescue team 

HS helicopter antisubmarine (Navy); homeland security; 

 homing single-unit 

HSAC Homeland Security Advisory Council 

HSAS Homeland Security Advisory System 

HSB high speed boat 

HSC helicopter sea combat (Navy); Homeland Security Council 

HSCDM high speed cable driver modem 

HSC/PC Homeland Security Council Principals Committee 

HSC/PCC Homeland Security Council Policy Coordination Committee 

HSD human intelligence support detachment 

HSE headquarters support element; human intelligence support 

 element (DIA) 

HSEP hospital surgical expansion package (USAF) 

HSI hyperspectral imagery; Office of Homeland Security 

 Investigations (DHS) 

HSIN Homeland Security Information Network (DHS)

HSIP Homeland Security Infrastructure Program

HSM humanitarian service medal 

HSPD homeland security Presidential directive 

HSPR high speed pulse restorer 

HSS health service support 

HSSDB high speed serial data buffer 

HST helicopter support team 

HSV high-speed vessel 

HT hatch team 

HTERRCAS hostile terrorist casualty 

HTG hard target graphic 

HTH high test hypochlorite 

HU hospital unit 

HUD head-up display 

HUMINT human intelligence 

HUMRO humanitarian relief operation 

HUMRO OCP humanitarian relief operation operational capability 

 package 

HUS hardened unique storage 

HVA high-value asset 

HVAA high value airborne asset 

HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 

HVI high-value individual 

HVT high-value target 

HW hazardous waste 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-71 

HWM high water mark 

HYE high-yield explosives 

Hz hertz 

I 

I immediate; individual 

I2WD Intelligence and Information Warfare Division (Army)

I&A Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS) 

I&W indications and warning 

IA imagery analyst; implementing arrangement; individual 

 augmentee; 

 information assurance; initial assessment 

IAA incident awareness and assessment

IAC Interagency Advisory Council 

IACG interagency coordination group 

IADB Inter-American Defense Board 

IADS integrated air defense system 

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency (UN) 

IAF initial approach fix 

IAIP Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection 

IAM inertially aided munition 

IAMD integrated air and missile defense

IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search 

 and Rescue manual 

IAP incident action plan; international airport 

IAR interoperability assessment report 

IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee (UN); interim acting 

 service chief 

IATA International Air Transport Association 

IATACS Improved Army Tactical Communications System 

IATO interim authority to operate 

IAVM information assurance vulnerability management 

IAW in accordance with 

I/B inboard 

IBB International Broadcasting Bureau 

IBCT infantry brigade combat team 

IBES intelligence budget estimate submission 

IBM International Business Machines 

IBS Integrated Booking System; integrated broadcast service; 

 Integrated Broadcast System 

IBS-I Integrated Broadcast Service-Interactive

IBS-S Integrated Broadcast Service-Simplex

IBU inshore boat unit 

IC incident commander; intelligence community; intercept 

IC3 integrated command, control, and communications 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-72 JP 1-02 

ICAD individual concern and deficiency 

ICAF Interagency Conflict Assessment Framework 

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 

ICAT interagency conflict assessment team 

ICBM intercontinental ballistic missile 

ICC information confidence convention; information 

 coordination center; Intelligence Coordination 

 Center (USCG); International Criminal Court; 

 Interstate Commerce Commission 

ICD international classifications of diseases; International 

 Cooperation and Development Program (USDA) 

ICDC Intelligence Community Deputies Committee 

ICDS improved container delivery system 

ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement 

ICEDEFOR Iceland Defense Forces 

ICEPP Incident Communications Emergency Policy 

 and Procedures

IC/EXCOM Intelligence Community Executive Committee 

ICG interagency core group 

ICIS integrated consumable item support 

ICITAP International Criminal Investigative Training 

 Assistance Program (DOJ) 

ICM image city map; improved conventional munitions; 

 integrated collection management 

ICN idle channel noise; interface control net 

ICNIA integrated communications, navigation, and identification 

 avionics 

ICOD intelligence cutoff data 

ICODES integrated computerized deployment system 

ICON imagery communications and operations node; 

 intermediate coordination node 

ICP incident command post; intertheater communications 

 security package; interface change proposal; 

 inventory control point 

ICPC Intelligence Community Principals Committee 

ICR Intelligence Collection Requirements 

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 

ICRI interswitch collective routing indicator 

ICS incident command system; internal communications 

 system; inter-Service chaplain support 

ICSF integrated command communications system framework 

ICSAR interagency committee on search and rescue 

ICU intensive care unit; interface control unit 

ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies 

ICW in coordination with 

ID identification; identifier; initiating directive 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-73 

IDAD internal defense and development 

IDB integrated database 

IDCA International Development Cooperation Agency 

IDDF intermediate data distribution facility 

IDEAS Intelligence Data Elements Authorized Standards 

IDEX imagery data exploitation system 

IDF intermediate distribution frame 

ID/IQ indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity

IDL integrated distribution lane

IDM improved data modem; information dissemination 

 management 

IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (UN) 

IDO installation deployment officer 

IDP imagery derived product; imminent danger pay; 

 internally displaced person 

IDRA infectious disease risk assessment 

IDS individual deployment site; integrated deployment system; 

 interface design standards; intrusion detection system 

IDSRS Integrated Defense Source Registration System 

IDSS interoperability decision support system 

IDT inactive duty training 

IDZ inner defense zone 

IEB intelligence exploitation base 

IED improvised explosive device 

IEDD improvised explosive device defeat 

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 

IEL illustrative evaluation scenario 

IEM installation emergency management

IEMATS improved emergency message automatic transmission 

 system 

IER information exchange requirement 

IES imagery exploitation system 

IESS imagery exploitation support system 

IEW intelligence and electronic warfare 

IF intermediate frequency 

IFC intelligence fusion center 

IFCS improved fire control system 

IFF identification, friend or foe 

IFFN identification, friend, foe, or neutral 

IFF/SIF identification, friend or foe/selective identification feature 

IFO integrated financial operations

IFP integrated force package 

IFR instrument flight rules 

IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent 

 Societies 

IFSAR interferometric synthetic aperture radar 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-74 JP 1-02 

IG inspector general 

IGC Integrated Data Environment/Global Transportation 

 Network Convergence

IGE independent government estimate

IGL intelligence gain/loss 

IGO intergovernmental organization 

IGSM interim ground station module (JSTARS) 

IHADSS integrated helmet and display sight system (Army) 

IHC International Humanitarian Community 

IHO industrial hygiene officer 

IHS international health specialist 

IIB interagency information bureau 

IICL Institute of International Container Lessors 

IICT Interagency Intelligence Committee on Counterterrorism 

IIM intelligence information management 

IIP Bureau of International Information Programs (DOS); 

 interagency implementation plan; international 

 information program; interoperability improvement 

 program 

IIR imagery interpretation report; imaging infrared; 

 intelligence information report 

IJC3S initial joint command, control, and communications 

 system; Integrated Joint Command, Control, and 

 Communications System 

IL intermediate location 

ILAB Bureau of International Labor Affairs (DOL) 

ILO in lieu of; International Labor Organization (UN) 

ILOC integrated line of communications 

ILS integrated logistic support 

IM information management 

IMA individual mobilization augmentee 

IMAAC Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment 

 Center

IMC instrument meteorological conditions; International 

 Medical Corps 

IMDC isolated, missing, detained, or captured 

IMDG international maritime dangerous goods (UN) 

IMET international military education and training 

IMETS Integrated Meteorological System 

IMF International Monetary Fund (UN) 

IMI international military information 

IMINT imagery intelligence 

IMIT international military information team 

IMLTU intermatrix line termination unit 

IMM integrated materiel management; intelligence mission 

 management 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-75 

IMMDELREQ immediate delivery required 

IMO information management officer; International Maritime 

 Organization 

IMOSAR International Maritime Organization (IMO) search 

 and rescue manual 

IMOSS interim mobile oceanographic support system 

IMP implementation; information management plan; 

 inventory management plan 

IMPP integrated mission planning process 

IMPT incident management planning team; integrated mission 

 planning team 

IMRL individual material requirements list

IMS information management system; interagency 

 management system; Interagency Management System 

 for Reconstruction and Stabilization; international 

 military staff; international military standardization 

IMSP information management support plan 

IMSU installation medical support unit 

IMTF integrated mission task force 

IMU inertial measuring unit; intermatrix unit 

IN Air Force component intelligence officer (staff); impulse 

 noise; instructor 

INCERFA uncertainty phase (ICAO) 

INCNR increment number 

INCSEA incidents at sea 

INDRAC Interagency Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction 

 Database of Responsibilities, Authorities, and Capabilities 

INF infantry 

INFOCON information operations condition 

INFOSEC information security 

ING Inactive National Guard 

INID intercept network in dialing 

INJILL injured or ill 

INL Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement 

 Affairs (DOS) 

INLS Improved Navy Lighterage System 

INM international narcotics matters 

INMARSAT international maritime satellite 

INR Bureau of Intelligence and Research (DOS) 

INREQ information request 

INRP Initial National Response Plan 

INS Immigration and Naturalization Service; inertial navigation 

 system; insert code 

INSARAG International Search and Rescue Advisory Group 

INSCOM United States Army Intelligence and Security Command 

INTAC individual terrorism awareness course 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-76 JP 1-02 

INTACS integrated tactical communications system 

INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite Organization 

INTELSITSUM intelligence situation summary 

InterAction American Council for Voluntary International Action 

INTERCO International Code of signals 

INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization 

INTERPOL-USNCB International Criminal Police Organization, United States 

 National Central Bureau (DOJ) 

INTREP intelligence report 

INU inertial navigation unit; integration unit 

INV invalid 

INVOL involuntary 

I/O input/output 

IO information objectives; information operations; 

 intelligence oversight 

IOB intelligence oversight board

IOC Industrial Operations Command; initial operational 

 capability; intelligence operations center; investigations 

 operations center 

IOI injured other than hostilities or illness 

IOII information operations intelligence integration

IOM installation, operation, and maintenance; International 

 Organization for Migration 

IOP interface operating procedure 

IOSS Interagency Operations Security Support Staff 

IOT information operations team 

IOU input/output unit 

IOW information operations wing

IOWG information operations working group 

IP initial point; initial position; instructor pilot; intelligence 

 planning; internet protocol 

IPA intelligence production agency 

IPB intelligence preparation of the battlespace 

IPBD intelligence program budget decision 

IPC initial planning conference; integration planning cell; 

 interagency planning cell; interagency policy 

 committee 

IPDM intelligence program decision memorandum 

IPDP inland petroleum distribution plan 

IPDS imagery processing and dissemination system; inland 

 petroleum distribution system (Army) 

IPE individual protective equipment; industrial plant equipment 

IPG isolated personnel guidance 

IPI indigenous populations and institutions 

IPL imagery product library; integrated priority list 

IPO International Program Office 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-77 

IPOE intelligence preparation of the operational environment 

IPOM intelligence program objective memorandum 

IPP impact point prediction; industrial preparedness program 

IPR in-progress review; intelligence production requirement 

IPR F plan approval in-progress review

IPRG intelligence program review group 

IPS illustrative planning scenario; Integrated Planning 

 System (DHS); Interim Polar System; 

 interoperability planning system 

IPSG intelligence program support group 

IPSP intelligence priorities for strategic planning 

IPT integrated planning team; integrated process team; 

 Integrated Product Team 

I/R internment/resettlement 

IR incident report; information rate; information requirement; 

 infrared; intelligence requirement 

IRA Provisional Irish Republican Army 

IRAC Interdepartment Radio Advisory Committee (DOC) 

IRBM intermediate-range ballistic missile

I/R BN internment/resettlement battalion

IRC International Red Cross; International Rescue 

 Committee; internet relay chat 

IRCCM infrared counter countermeasures 

IRCM infrared countermeasures 

IRDS infrared detection set 

IRF Immediate Reaction Forces (NATO); incident response force 

IRINT infrared intelligence 

IRISA Intelligence Report Index Summary File 

IRO international relief organization 

IR pointer infrared pointer 

IRR Individual Ready Reserve; integrated readiness report 

IRS Internal Revenue Service 

IRSCC interagency remote sensing coordination cell

IRST infrared search and track 

IRSTS infrared search and track sensor; Infrared Search and Track 

 System 

IRT Initial Response Team 

IRTPA Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act

IS information superiority; information system; interswitch 

ISA international standardization agreement; inter-Service 

 agreement 

ISAC information sharing and analysis center 

ISAF International Security Assistance Force 

ISB intermediate staging base 

ISDB integrated satellite communications (SATCOM) database 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-78 JP 1-02 

ISE Information Sharing Environment ;intelligence support 

 element 

ISG information synchronization group; isolated soldier guidance 

ISMCS international station meteorological climatic summary 

ISMMP integrated continental United States (CONUS) medical 

 mobilization plan 

ISN Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation; 

 internment serial number 

ISO International Organization for Standardization; isolation 

ISOO Information Security Oversight Office 

ISOPAK International Organization for Standardization package 

ISOPREP isolated personnel report 

ISP internet service provider 

ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance 

ISRD intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance division 

ISR WG Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Wing

ISS in-system select 

ISSA inter-Service support agreement 

ISSG Intelligence Senior Steering Group 

ISSM information system security manager 

ISSO information systems security organization 

IST integrated system test; interswitch trunk 

ISU internal airlift or helicopter slingable container unit 

I/T interpreter and translator 

IT information system technician; information technology 

ITA international telegraphic alphabet; International Trade 

 Administration (DOC) 

ITAC intelligence and threat analysis center (Army) 

ITALD improved tactical air-launched decoy 

ITAR international traffic in arms regulation (coassembly) 

ITF intelligence task force (DIA) 

ITG infrared target graphic 

ITL intelligence task list 

ITO installation transportation officer 

ITRO inter-Service training organization 

ITU International Telecommunications Union 

ITV in-transit visibility 

ITW/AA integrated tactical warning and attack assessment 

IUWG inshore undersea warfare group 

IV intravenous 

IVR initial voice report 

IVSN Initial Voice Switched Network 

IW irregular warfare 

IWC information operations warfare commander 

IW-D defensive information warfare 

IWG intelligence working group; interagency working group 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-79 

IWSC Information Warfare Support Center 

IWW inland waterway 

IWWS inland waterway system 

J 

J-1 manpower and personnel directorate of a joint staff; 

 manpower and personnel staff section 

J-2 intelligence directorate of a joint staff; intelligence staff 

 section 

J-2A deputy directorate for administration of a joint staff 

J2-CI Joint Counterintelligence Office 

J-2J deputy directorate for support of a joint staff 

J-2M deputy directorate for crisis management of a joint staff 

J-2O deputy directorate for crisis operations of a joint staff 

J-2P deputy directorate for assessment, doctrine, requirements, 

 and capabilities of a joint staff 

J-2T Deputy Directorate for Targeting, Joint Staff Intelligence 

 Directorate 

J-2T-1 joint staff target operations division 

J-2T-2 Target Plans Division 

J-2X joint force counterintelligence and human intelligence 

 staff element 

J-3 operations directorate of a joint staff; operations staff section 

J-4 logistics directorate of a joint staff; logistics staff section 

J-5 plans directorate of a joint staff; plans staff section 

J-6 communications system directorate of a joint staff; 

 command, control, communications, and computer 

 systems staff section 

J-7 engineering staff section; Joint Staff Directorate for Joint 

 Force Development; operational plans and interoperability 

 directorate of a joint staff 

J-7/JED exercises and training directorate of a joint staff 

J-8 Joint Staff Directorate for Force Structure, Resource, and 

 Assessment; force structure, resource, and 

 assessment directorate of a joint staff 

J-9 civil-military operations directorate of a joint staff; 

 civil-military operations staff section 

J-31 Joint Force Coordinator (Joint Staff)

J-35 future operations 

JA judge advocate 

J-A judge advocate directorate of a joint staff 

JAAR joint after-action report 

JAARS Joint After-Action Reporting System 

JAAT joint air attack team 

JA/ATT joint airborne and air transportability training 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-80 JP 1-02 

JAC joint analysis center 

JACC joint airspace control center 

JCCA joint combat capability assessment 

JACCC joint airlift coordination and control cell 

JACC/CP joint airborne communications center/command post 

JACCE joint air component coordination element 

JACS joint automated communication-electronics operating 

 instructions system 

JADO joint air defense operations 

JADOCS Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System 

JAFWIN JWICS Air Force weather information network 

JAG judge advocate general 

JAGMAN Manual of the Judge Advocate General (US Navy) 

JAI joint administrative instruction; joint airdrop inspection 

JAIC joint air intelligence center 

JAIEG joint atomic information exchange group 

JAMMS Joint Asset Movement Management System

JAMPS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control 

 Systems (JINTACCS) automated message preparation 

 system 

JANAP Joint Army, Navy, Air Force publication 

JAO joint air operations 

JAOC joint air operations center 

JAOP joint air operations plan 

JAPO joint area petroleum office 

JAR joint activity report 

JARB joint acquisition review board 

JARCC joint air reconnaissance control center 

JARN joint air request net 

JARS joint automated readiness system 

JASC joint action steering committee 

JASSM joint air-to-surface standoff missile 

JAT joint acceptance test; joint assessment team 

JATACS joint advanced tactical cryptological support 

JAT Guide Joint Antiterrorism Program Manager’s Guide 

JAWS Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual (JMEM)/air-to- 

 surface weaponeering system 

JBP Joint Blood Program 

JBPO joint blood program office 

JC2WC joint command and control warfare center 

JCA jamming control authority; joint capability area 

JCASREP joint casualty report 

JCAT joint crisis action team 

JCC joint collaboration cell; joint command center; joint 

 contracting center; joint course catalog 

JCCB Joint Configuration Control Board 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-81 

JCCC joint combat camera center; joint communications control 

 center; 

JCCP joint casualty collection point 

JCCSE Joint Continental United States Communications Support 

 Environment

JCE Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture (JIVA) 

 Collaborative Environment 

JCEOI joint communications-electronics operating instructions 

JCET joint combined exchange training; joint combined exercise 

 for training 

JCEWR joint coordination of electronic warfare reprogramming 

JCEWS joint force commander’s electronic warfare staff 

JCGRO joint central graves registration office 

JCIDO Joint Combat Identification Office 

JCIOC joint counterintelligence operations center 

JCISA Joint Command Information Systems Activity 

JCISB Joint Counterintelligence Support Branch 

JCIU joint counterintelligence unit 

JCLL joint center for lessons learned 

JCMA joint communications security monitoring activity 

JCMB Joint Collection Management Board 

JCMC joint crisis management capability 

JCMEB joint civil-military engineering board 

JCMEC joint captured materiel exploitation center 

JCMO joint communications security management office 

JCMOTF joint civil-military operations task force 

JCMPO Joint Cruise Missile Project Office 

JCMT joint collection management tools 

JCN joint communications network 

JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff 

JCSAN Joint Chiefs of Staff Alerting Network 

JCSAR joint combat search and rescue 

JCSB joint contracting support board

JCSC joint communications satellite center 

JCSE joint communications support element; Joint 

 Communications Support Element (USTRANSCOM) 

JCSM Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum 

JCSP joint contracting support plan 

JCSS joint communications support squadron 

JCTN joint composite track network 

JDA joint duty assignment 

JDAAP Joint Doctrine Awareness Action Plan 

JDAL Joint Duty Assignment List 

JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition 

JDAMIS Joint Duty Assignment Management Information System 

JDAT joint deployable analysis team 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-82 JP 1-02 

JDC joint deployment community; Joint Doctrine Center 

JDD joint doctrine distribution 

JDDC joint doctrine development community 

JDDE Joint Deployment and Distribution Enterprise

JDDOC joint deployment and distribution operations center 

JDDT joint doctrine development tool

JDEC joint document exploitation center 

JDEIS Joint Doctrine, Education, and Training Electronic 

 Information System 

JDIG Joint Drug Intelligence Group 

JDIGS Joint Digital Information Gathering System

JDISS joint deployable intelligence support system 

JDN joint data network 

JDNC joint data network operations cell 

JDNO joint data network operations officer 

JDOG joint detention operations group 

JDOMS Joint Director of Military Support 

JDPC Joint Doctrine Planning Conference 

JDPO joint deployment process owner 

JDSS Joint Decision Support System 

JDSSC Joint Data Systems Support Center 

JDTC Joint Deployment Training Center 

JE joint experimentation 

JEAP Joint Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) Analysis Program 

JECC joint enabling capabilities command; Joint Enabling 

 Capabilities Command (USTRANSCOM) 

JECE Joint Elimination Coordination Element 

JECG joint exercise control group 

JECPO Joint Electronic Commerce Program Office 

JEDD Joint Education and Doctrine Division 

JEEP joint emergency evacuation plan 

JEFF Joint Expeditionary Forensic Facility (Army)

JEL Joint Electronic Library 

JEM joint exercise manual 

JEMB joint environmental management board 

JEMP joint exercise management package 

JEMSMO joint electromagnetic spectrum management operations

JEMSO joint electromagnetic spectrum operations

JEPES joint engineer planning and execution system 

JET joint expeditionary team; Joint Operation Planning and 

 Execution System (JOPES) editing tool 

JEWC Joint Electronic Warfare Center 

JEWCS Joint Electronic Warfare Core Staff (NATO)

JEZ joint engagement zone 

JFA joint field activity 

JFACC joint force air component commander 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-83 

JFAST Joint Flow and Analysis System for Transportation 

JFC joint force commander 

JFCC joint functional component command 

JFCC-IMD Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated 

 Missile Defense 

JFCC-ISR Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, 

 Surveillance, and Reconnaissance 

JFCC NW Joint Functional Component Command for Network 

 Warfare

JFCC SPACE Joint Functional Component Command for Space

JFCH joint force chaplain 

JFE joint fires element 

JFHQ joint force headquarters 

JFHQ–NCR Joint Force Headquarters-National Capital Region 

JFHQ–State joint force headquarters-state 

JFIIT Joint Fires Integration and Interoperability Team 

JFIP Japanese facilities improvement project 

JFLCC joint force land component commander 

JFMC joint fleet mail center 

JFMCC joint force maritime component commander 

JFMO joint frequency management office 

JFO joint field office; joint fires observer 

JFP joint force package (packaging); joint force provider; 

 Joint Frequency Panel (MCEB) 

JFRB Joint Foreign Release Board 

JFRG joint force requirements generator 

JFRG II joint force requirements generator II 

JFS joint force surgeon 

JFSOC joint force special operations component 

JFSOCC joint force special operations component commander 

JFTR joint Federal travel regulations 

JFUB joint facilities utilization board 

JHMCS joint helmet-mounted cueing system 

JI joint inspection 

JIA joint individual augmentation

JIACG joint interagency coordination group 

JIADS joint integrated air defense system 

JIATF joint interagency task force 

JIATF-E joint interagency task force - East 

JIATF-S joint interagency task force - South 

JIATF-W joint interagency task force - West 

JIC joint information center 

JICC joint information coordination center; 

 joint interface control cell 

JICO joint interface control officer 

JICPAC Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-84 JP 1-02 

JICTRANS Joint Intelligence Center for Transportation 

JIDC joint intelligence and debriefing center; joint 

 interrogation and debriefing center 

JIEDDO Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization

JIEE Joint Information Exchange Environment

JIEO joint interoperability engineering organization 

JIEP joint intelligence estimate for planning 

JIES joint interoperability evaluation system 

JIG joint interrogation group 

JILE joint intelligence liaison element 

JIMB joint information management board 

JIMP joint implementation master plan 

JIMPP joint industrial mobilization planning process 

JIMS joint information management system 

JINTACCS Joint Interoperability of Tactical Command and Control 

 Systems 

JIO joint interrogation operations 

JIOC joint information operations center; joint intelligence 

 operations center 

JIOCPAC Joint Intelligence Operations Center, Pacific 

JIOC-SOUTH Joint Intelligence Operations Center, South 

JIOC-TRANS Joint Intelligence Operations Center - Transportation 

JIOP joint interface operational procedures 

JIOP-MTF joint interface operating procedures-message text formats 

JIOWC Joint Information Operations Warfare Center 

JIPC joint imagery production complex 

JIPCL joint integrated prioritized collection list 

JIPOE joint intelligence preparation of the operational environment 

JIPTL joint integrated prioritized target list 

JIS joint information system 

JISE joint intelligence support element 

JITC joint interoperability test command 

JITF-CT Joint Intelligence Task Force for Combating Terrorism 

JIVA Joint Intelligence Virtual Architecture 

JIVU Joint Intelligence Virtual University

JKDDC Joint Knowledge Development and Distribution Capability 

JKnIFE Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization 

 Knowledge and Information Fusion Exchange

JLCC joint lighterage control center; joint logistics coordination 

 center 

JLE joint logistics environment

JLLIS Joint Lessons Learned Information System

JLLP Joint Lessons Learned Program 

JLNCHREP joint launch report 

JLOC joint logistics operations center 

JLOTS joint logistics over-the-shore 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-85 

JLRC joint logistics readiness center 

JLSB joint line of communications security board 

JLSE joint legal support element 

JM&S joint modeling and simulation 

JMAARS joint model after-action review system 

JMAC Joint Mortuary Affairs Center (Army) 

JMAG Joint METOC Advisory Group 

JMAO joint mortuary affairs office; joint mortuary affairs officer 

JMAR joint medical asset repository 

JMAS joint manpower automation system 

JMAT joint medical analysis tool; joint mobility assistance team 

JMB joint meteorology and oceanography board

JMC joint military command; joint movement center 

JMCC joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination cell

JMCG joint movement control group 

JMCIS Joint Maritime Command Information System 

JMCO joint meteorological and oceanographic coordination 

 organization

JMCOMS joint maritime communications system 

JMD joint manning document 

JMeDSAF joint medical semi-automated forces 

JMEEL joint mission-essential equipment list 

JMEM Joint Munitions Effectiveness Manual 

JMET joint mission-essential task 

JMETL joint mission-essential task list 

JMIC Joint Military Intelligence College; joint modular 

 intermodal container 

JMICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 

 mobile integrated communications system 

JMIE joint maritime information element 

JMIP joint military intelligence program 

JMISC Joint Military Information Support Command 

JMISTF joint military information support task force

JMITC Joint Military Intelligence Training Center 

JMLO joint medical logistics officer 

JMMC Joint Material Management Center 

JMMT joint military mail terminal 

JMNA joint military net assessment 

JMO joint maritime operations; joint meteorological and 

 oceanographic officer 

JMO(AIR) joint maritime operations (air) 

JMOC joint medical operations center 

JMP joint manpower program 

JMPA joint military postal activity; joint military satellite 

 communications (MILSATCOM) panel administrator 

JMPAB Joint Materiel Priorities and Allocation Board 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-86 JP 1-02 

JMPT Joint Medical Planning Tool 

JMRC joint mobile relay center 

JMRO Joint Medical Regulating Office 

JMRR Joint Monthly Readiness Review 

JMSEP joint modeling and simulation executive panel 

JMSWG Joint Multi-Tactical Digital Information Link 

 (Multi-TADIL) Standards Working Group 

JMT joint military training 

JMTCA joint munitions transportation coordinating activity 

JMTCSS Joint Maritime Tactical Communications Switching 

 System 

JMTG joint military information support operations task group 

JMUA Joint Meritorious Unit Award 

JMV joint METOC viewer 

JMWG joint medical working group 

JNCC joint network operations control center 

JNMS joint network management system 

JNOCC Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) 

 Network Operation Control Center 

JNPE joint nuclear planning element 

JNSC Joint Navigation Warfare Center Navigation Warfare 

 Support Cell

JNWC Joint Navigation Warfare Center

JOA joint operations area 

JOAF joint operations area forecast 

JOC joint operations center; joint oversight committee 

JOCC joint operations command center 

JOERAD joint spectrum center ordnance E3 risk assessment 

 database

JOG joint operations graphic 

JOGS joint operation graphics system 

JOPES Joint Operation Planning and Execution System 

JOPESIR Joint Operation Planning and Execution System Incident 

 Reporting System 

JOPESREP Joint Operation Planning and Execution System Reporting 

 System 

JOPP joint operation planning process 

JOPPA joint operation planning process for air 

JOR joint operational requirement 

JORD joint operational requirements document 

JOSE joint operations security support element 

JOSG joint operational steering group 

JOT&E joint operational test and evaluation 

JOTS Joint Operational Tactical System 

JP joint publication 

JP5 jet propulsion fuel, type 5
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-87 

JP8 jet propulsion fuel, type 8

JPAC joint planning augmentation cell; Joint POW/MIA 

 Accounting Command 

JPADS joint precision airdrop system 

JPAG Joint Planning Advisory Group 

JPARR joint personnel accountability reconciliation and reporting

JPASE joint public affairs support element; Joint Public Affairs 

 Support Element (USTRANSCOM) 

JPATS joint primary aircraft training system 

JPAV joint personnel asset visibility 

JPC joint planning cell; joint postal cell 

JPD joint planning document 

JPEC joint planning and execution community 

JPED joint personal effects depot

JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group

JPERSTAT joint personnel status and casualty report 

JPG joint planning group 

JPME joint professional military education 

JPMRC joint patient movement requirements center 

JPMT joint patient movement team 

JPN joint planning network 

JPO joint petroleum office; Joint Program Office 

JPOC joint personnel operations center; joint planning 

 orientation course 

JPOI joint program of instruction 

JPOM joint preparation and onward movement 

JPO-STC Joint Program Office for Special Technology 

 Countermeasures 

JPRA Joint Personnel Recovery Agency 

JPRC joint personnel reception center ; joint personnel recovery 

 center 

JPRSP joint personnel recovery support product 

JPS joint processing system 

JPSE Joint Planning Support Element (USTRANSCOM) 

JPTTA joint personnel training and tracking activity 

JQR joint qualification requirements 

JQRR joint quarterly readiness review 

JRADS Joint Resource Assessment Data System 

JRB Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) Review 

 Board 

JRC joint reconnaissance center 

JRCC joint reception coordination center 

JRERP Joint Radiological Emergency Response Plan 

JRFL joint restricted frequency list 

JRG joint review group 

JRIC joint reserve intelligence center 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-88 JP 1-02 

JRIP Joint Reserve Intelligence Program 

JRMB Joint Requirements and Management Board 

JROC Joint Requirements Oversight Council 

JRS joint reporting structure 

JRSC jam-resistant secure communications; joint rescue 

 sub-center 

JRSOI joint reception, staging, onward movement, and integration 

JRTC joint readiness training center 

JRX joint readiness exercise 

JS Joint Staff; the Joint Staff 

JSA joint security area 

JSAC joint strike analysis cell; joint strike analysis center 

JSAM joint security assistance memorandum; Joint Service 

 Achievement Medal; joint standoff surface attack missile 

JSAN Joint Staff automation for the nineties 

JSAP Joint Staff action package 

JSAS joint strike analysis system 

JSC joint security coordinator; Joint Spectrum Center 

JSCAT joint staff crisis action team 

JSCC joint security coordination center; joint Services 

 coordination committee 

JSCM Joint Service Commendation Medal 

JSCP Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan 

JSDS Joint Staff doctrine sponsor 

JSEC joint strategic exploitation center 

JSETS Joint Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking 

 Electronic Tracking System 

JSF joint support force 

JSHO joint shipboard helicopter operations

JSIDS joint Services imagery digitizing system 

JSIR joint spectrum interference resolution 

JSISC Joint Staff Information Service Center 

JSIT Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES) 

 information trace 

JSIVA Joint Staff Integrated Vulnerability Assessment 

JSM Joint Staff Manual 

JSME joint spectrum management element 

JSMS joint spectrum management system 

JSO joint security operations 

JSOA joint special operations area 

JSOAC joint special operations air component; joint special 

 operations aviation component 

JSOACC joint special operations air component commander 

JSOC joint special operations command 

JSOFI Joint Special Operations Forces Institute 

JSOTF joint special operations task force 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-89 

JSOU Joint Special Operations University 

JSOW joint stand-off weapon 

JSPA joint satellite communications (SATCOM) panel 

 administrator 

JSPD joint strategic planning document 

JSPDSA joint strategic planning document supporting analyses 

JSPOC Joint Space Operations Center 

JSPS Joint Strategic Planning System 

JSR joint strategy review 

JSRC joint subregional command (NATO) 

JSS joint surveillance system 

JSSA joint Services survival, evasion, resistance, and escape 

 (SERE) agency 

JSSIS joint staff support information system 

JSST joint space support team 

JSTAR joint system threat assessment report 

JSTARS Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System 

JSTE joint system training exercise 

JSTO joint space tasking order

JT&E joint test and evaluation 

JTA joint technical architecture 

JTAC joint terminal attack controller; Joint Terrorism Analysis 

 Center 

JTACE joint technical advisory chemical, biological, 

 radiological, and nuclear element 

JTADS Joint Tactical Air Defense System (Army); Joint Tactical 

 Display System 

JTAGS joint tactical ground station (Army); joint tactical ground 

 station (Army and Navy); joint tactical ground system 

JTAIC Joint Technical Analysis and Integration Cell (Army)

JTAO joint tactical air operations 

JTAR joint tactical air strike request 

JTASC joint training analysis and simulation center 

JTASG Joint Targeting Automation Steering Group 

JTAV joint total asset visibility 

JTAV-IT joint total asset visibility-in theater 

JTB Joint Transportation Board 

JTC joint technical committee; Joint Training Confederation 

JTCB joint targeting coordination board 

JTCC joint transportation coordination cell; joint transportation 

 corporate information management center 

JTCG/ME Joint Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions 

 Effectiveness 

JTCOIC Joint Training Counter-Improvised Explosive Device 

 Operations Integration Center

JTD joint table of distribution; joint theater distribution 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-90 JP 1-02 

JTDC joint track data coordinator 

JTF joint task force 

JTF-6 joint task force-6 

JTF-AK Joint Task Force - Alaska 

JTF-B joint task force-Bravo 

JTFCEM joint task force contingency engineering management 

JTF-CM joint task force - consequence management 

JTF-CS Joint Task Force-Civil Support 

JTF-E joint task force - elimination 

JTF-GNO Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations 

JTF-GTMO Joint Task Force-Guantanamo 

JTF-HD Joint Task Force-Homeland Defense 

JTF HQ joint task force headquarters 

JTF-MAO joint task force - mortuary affairs office 

JTF-N Joint Task Force-North 

JTFP Joint Tactical Fusion Program 

JTF-PO joint task force-port opening

JTFS joint task force surgeon 

JTF-State joint task force-state 

JTIC joint transportation intelligence center 

JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System 

JTL joint target list 

JTLM Joint Theater Logistics Management 

JTLS joint theater-level simulation 

JTM joint training manual 

JTMD joint table of mobilization and distribution; Joint 

 Terminology Master Database 

JTMP joint training master plan 

JTMS joint theater movement staff; joint training master schedule 

JTP joint test publication; joint training plan 

JTR joint travel regulations 

JTRB joint telecommunication resources board 

JTS Joint Targeting School 

JTSG joint targeting steering group 

JTSSCCB Joint Tactical Switched Systems Configuration Control 

 Board 

JTSST joint training system support team 

JTT joint targeting toolbox; joint training team 

JTTF joint terrorism task force 

JUH-MTF Joint User Handbook-Message Text Formats 

JUIC joint unit identification code 

JUO joint urban operation 

JUSMAG Joint United States Military Advisory Group 

JUWTF joint unconventional warfare task force 

JV Joint Vision 

JV 2020 Joint Vision 2020 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-91 

JVB Joint Visitors Bureau 

JVIDS Joint Visual Integrated Display System 

JVSEAS Joint Virtual Security Environment Assessment System 

JWAC Joint Warfare Analysis Center 

JWARS Joint Warfare Analysis and Requirements System 

JWC Joint Warfare Center 

JWFC Joint Warfighting Center 

JWG joint working group 

JWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System 

JWID joint warrior interoperability demonstration 

K 

k thousand 

Ka Kurtz-above band 

KAL key assets list 

KAPP Key Assets Protection Program 

kb kilobit 

kbps kilobits per second 

KC-135 Stratotanker 

KDE key doctrine element 

KEK key encryption key 

KG key generator 

kg kilogram 

kHz kilohertz 

K-Kill catastrophic kill 

KLE key leader engagement 

KLIP key doctrine element-linked information package

km kilometer 

KMC knowledge management center 

KNP Korean National Police 

KP key pulse 

kph kilometers per hour 

KPP key performance parameter

KQ ID tactical location identifier 

kt kiloton(s); knot (nautical miles per hour) 

Ku Kurtz-under band 

kVA kilo Volt-Amps 

KVG key variable generator 

kW kilowatt 

KWOC keyword-out-of-context 

L 

L length 

l search subarea length 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-92 JP 1-02 

LA lead agent; legal adviser; line amplifier; loop key generator 

 (LKG) adapter 

LAADS low altitude air defense system 

LAAM light anti-aircraft missile 

LABS laser airborne bathymetry system 

LACH lightweight amphibious container handler 

LACV lighter, air cushioned vehicle 

LAD latest arrival date; launch area denied 

LAMPS Light Airborne Multipurpose System (helicopter) 

LAN local area network 

LANDCENT Allied Land Forces Central Europe (NATO) 

LANDSAT land satellite 

LANDSOUTH Allied Land Forces Southern Europe (NATO) 

LANTIRN low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night 

LAO limited attack option 

LARC lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo 

LARC-V lighter, amphibious resupply, cargo, 5 ton 

LARS lightweight airborne recovery system 

LASH lighter aboard ship 

LASINT laser intelligence 

LAT latitude 

LAV light armored vehicle 

lb pound 

LBR Laser Beam Rider 

LC lake current; legal counsel 

LCAC landing craft, air cushion 

LCAP low combat air patrol 

LCB line of constant bearing 

LCC amphibious command ship; land component commander; 

 launch control center; lighterage control center; link 

 communications circuit; logistics component command 

LCCS landing craft control ship 

LCE logistics capability estimator; logistics combat element 

 (MAGTF); logistics combat element (Marine) 

LCES line conditioning equipment scanner 

LCM landing craft, mechanized; letter-class mail; life-cycle 

 management 

LCMC life cycle management command

LCO landing craft air cushion control officer; lighterage 

 control officer 

LCP lighterage control point 

LCPL landing craft personnel (large) 

LCS landing craft air cushion control ship 

LCSR life cycle systems readiness

LCU landing craft, utility; launch correlation unit 

LCVP landing craft, vehicle, personnel 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-93 

LD line of departure 

LDA limited depository account 

LDF lightweight digital facsimile 

LDI line driver interface 

LDO laser designator operator 

LDR leader; low data rate 

LE law enforcement; low-order explosives 

LEA law enforcement agency 

LEAP Light ExoAtmospheric Projectile 

LEASAT leased satellite 

LEAU Law Enforcement Assistance Unit (FAA) 

LECIC Law Enforcement and Counterintelligence Center (DOD) 

LED law enforcement desk; light emitting diode 

LEDET law enforcement detachment (USCG) 

LEGAT legal attaché 

LEIP Law Enforcement Intelligence Program (USCG)

LEO law enforcement operations; low Earth orbit 

LEP laser eye protection; law enforcement professional; 

 linear error probable 

LERSM lower echelon reporting and surveillance module 

LERTCON alert condition 

LES law enforcement sensitive; leave and earnings statement; 

 Lincoln Laboratories Experimental Satellite 

LESO Law Enforcement Support Office 

LET light equipment transport 

L-EWE land-electronic warfare element

LF landing force; low frequency 

LFA lead federal agency 

LFORM landing force operational reserve material 

LFSP landing force support party 

LfV Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz (regional authority for 

 constitutional protection) 

LG deputy chief of staff for logistics 

LGB laser-guided bomb 

LGM laser-guided missile; loop group multiplexer 

LGM-30 Minuteman 

LGW laser-guided weapon 

LHA amphibious assault ship (general purpose) 

LHD amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) 

L-hour specific hour on C-day at which a deployment operation 

 commences or is to commence 

LHT line-haul tractor 

LIDAR light detection and ranging 

LIF light interference filter 

LIMDIS limited distribution 

LIMFAC limiting factor 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-94 JP 1-02 

LIPS Logistics Information Processing System 

LIS logistics information system 

LIWA land information warfare activity 

LKG loop key generator 

LKP last known position 

LL lessons learned 

LLLGB low-level laser-guided bomb 

LLLTV low-light level television 

LLSO low-level source operation 

LLTR low-level transit route 

LM loop modem 

LMARS Logistics Metrics Analysis Reporting System 

LMAV laser MAVERICK 

LMF language media format 

LMSR large, medium-speed roll-on/roll-off 

LN lead nation 

LNA low voice amplifier 

LNI Library of National Intelligence

LNO liaison officer 

LO low observable 

LOA Lead Operational Authority; letter of assist; letter of 

 authorization; letter of offer and acceptance; 

 lodgment operational area; logistics over-the-shore 

 (LOTS) operation area 

LOAC law of armed conflict 

LOAL lock-on after launch 

LOBL lock-on before launch 

LOC line of communications; logistics operations center 

LOC ACC location accuracy 

LOCAP low combat air patrol 

LOCE Linked Operational Intelligence Centers Europe; Linked 

 Operations-Intelligence Centers Europe 

LOD line of departure 

LOE letter of evaluation; line of effort 

LOG logistics 

LOGAIR logistics aircraft 

LOGAIS logistics automated information system 

LOGCAP logistics civil augmentation program 

LOGCAT logistics capability assessment tool 

LOGDET logistics detail 

LOGEX logistics exercise 

LOGFAC Logistics Feasibility Assessment Capability 

LOGFOR logistics force packaging system 

LOGMARS logistics applications of automated marking and reading 

 symbols 

LOGMOD logistics module 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-95 

LOGPLAN logistics planning system 

LOGSAFE logistic sustainment analysis and feasibility estimator 

LOI letter of instruction; loss of input 

LO/LO lift-on/lift-off 

LOMEZ low-altitude missile engagement zone 

LONG longitude 

LOO line of operation 

LOP line of position 

LORAN long-range aid to navigation 

LO/RO lift-on/roll-off 

LOROP long range oblique photography 

LOS line of sight 

LOTS logistics over-the-shore 

LOX liquid oxygen 

LP listening post 

LPD amphibious transport dock; low probability of detection 

LPH amphibious assault ship, landing platform helicopter 

LPI low probability of intercept 

LPSB logistics procurement support board 

LPU line printer unit 

LPV laser-protective visor 

LRC logistics readiness center 

LRD laser range finder-detector 

LRF laser range finder 

LRF/D laser range finder/detector 

LRG long-range aircraft 

LRM low rate multiplexer 

LRN Laboratory Response Network (DHHS) 

LRP load and roll pallet 

LRRP long range reconnaissance patrol 

LRS launch and recovery site 

LRST long-range surveillance team 

LRSU long-range surveillance unit 

LSA logistic support analysis; logistics supportability analysis 

LSB landing support battalion; lower sideband 

LSCDM low speed cable driver modem 

LSD dock landing ship; least significant digit 

LSE landing signalman enlisted; logistic support element 

LSO landing safety officer; landing signals officer 

LSPR low speed pulse restorer 

LSS laser spot search; local sensor subsystem 

LST laser spot tracker; tank landing ship 

LSU logistics civil augmentation program support unit

LSV logistics support vessel 

LT large tug; local terminal; long ton 

L/T long ton 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-96 JP 1-02 

LTD laser target designator 

LTD/R laser target designator/ranger 

LTF logistics task force 

LTG local timing generator 

LTIOV latest time information is of value

LTL laser-to-target line 

LTON long ton 

LTS low-altitude navigation and targeting infrared for night 

 (LANTIRN) targeting system 

LTT loss to theater 

LTU line termination unit 

LUT local user terminal 

LVS Logistics Vehicle System (USMC) 

LW leeway 

LWR Lutheran World Relief 

LZ landing zone 

LZCO landing zone control officer 

M 

M million

M&S modeling and simulation 

M88A1 recovery vehicle 

MA master; medical attendant; military action; 

 mortuary affairs 

mA milliampere(s) 

MAAG military assistance advisory group 

MAAP master air attack plan 

MAC mobility assault company; Mortuary Affairs Center 

MACB multinational acquisition and contracting board 

MACCS Marine air command and control system 

MACG Marine air control group 

MACOM major command (Army) 

MACP mortuary affairs collection point 

MACRMS mortuary affairs contaminated remains mitigation site

MACSAT multiple access commercial satellite 

MAD Militärischer Abschirmdienst (military protection service); 

 military air distress 

MADCP mortuary affairs decontamination collection point 

MADS military information support operations automated 

 data system 

MAEB mean area of effectiveness for blast 

MAEF mean area of effectiveness for fragments 

MAF mobility air forces 

MAFC Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) all-source fusion 

 center 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-97 

MAG Marine aircraft group; military assignment group 

MAGTF Marine air-ground task force

MAGTF ACE Marine air-ground task force aviation combat element 

MAJCOM major command (USAF) 

MANFOR manpower force packaging system 

MANPADS man-portable air defense system 

MANPER manpower and personnel module 

MAOC-N Maritime Analysis and Operations Center-Narcotics 

MAP Military Assistance Program; missed approach point; 

 missed approach procedure 

MAR METOC assistance request 

MARAD Maritime Administration 

MARAD RRF Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force

MARCORMATCOM Marine Corps Materiel Command 

MARCORSYSCOM Marine Corps Systems Command

MARDIV Marine division 

MARFOR Marine Corps forces 

MARFOREUR Marine Corps Forces, Europe 

MARFORLANT Marine Corps Forces, Atlantic 

MARFORNORTH Marine Corps Forces, North 

MARFORPAC Marine Corps Forces, Pacific 

MARFORSOUTH Marine Corps Forces, South 

MARFORSTRAT United States Marine Corps Forces, United States 

 Strategic Command

MARINCEN Maritime Intelligence Center 

MARLE Marine liaison element 

MARLO Marine liaison officer 

MARO mass atrocity response operations 

MAROP marine operators 

MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution 

 from Ships 

MARS Military Auxiliary Radio System 

MARSA military assumes responsibility for separation of aircraft 

MARSOC Marine Corps special operations command 

MARSOF Marine Corps special operations forces 

MART mobile Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) remote 

 terminal 

MARTS Mortuary Affairs Reporting and Tracking System

MAS maritime air support; military information support 

 operations automated system 

MASCAL mass casualty 

MASF mobile aeromedical staging facility 

MASH mobile Army surgical hospital 

MASINT measurement and signature intelligence 

MASLO measurement and signature intelligence liaison officer 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-98 JP 1-02 

MAST military assistance to safety and traffic; mobile ashore 

 support terminal 

MAT medical analysis tool 

MATCALS Marine air traffic control and landing system 

MATCS Marine air traffic control squadron

M/ATMP Missiles/Air Target Materials Program 

MAW Marine aircraft wing 

MAX maximum 

MAXORD maximum ordinate 

MB medium boat; megabyte; military information support 

 operations battalion 

MBBLs thousands of barrels 

MBCDM medical biological chemical defense materiel 

MBI major budget issue 

Mbps megabytes per second 

Mbs megabits per second 

MC Military Committee (NATO); military community 

MC-130 Combat Talon (I and II) 

MCA mail control activity; maximum calling area; military 

 civic action; mission concept approval; movement 

 control agency 

MCAG maritime civil affairs group

MCAP maximum calling area precedence 

MCAS Marine Corps air station 

MCAT maritime civil affairs team

MCB movement control battalion 

MCBAT medical chemical biological advisory team 

MCC Marine component commander; maritime component 

 commander; master control center; military cooperation 

 committee; military coordinating committee; military 

 counterintelligence collections; mission control center; 

 mobility control center 

MCCC mobile consolidated command center 

MCCDC Marine Corps Combat Development Command 

MCCISWG military command, control, and information systems 

 working group 

MCD medical crew director 

MCDA military and civil defense assets (UN) 

MCDP Marine Corps doctrine publication 

MCDS modular cargo delivery system 

MCEB Military Communications-Electronics Board 

MCEWG Military Communications-Electronics Working Group 

MC/FI mass casualty/fatality incident 

MCIA Marine Corps Intelligence Activity 

MCIO military criminal investigative organization 

MCIOC Marine Corps Information Operations Center 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-99 

MCIP Marine Corps interim publication; military 

 command inspection program 

MCJSB Military Committee Joint Standardization Board 

MCM Manual for Courts-Martial; military classification manual; 

 mine countermeasures 

MCMC mine countermeasures commander 

MCMG Military Committee Meteorological Group (NATO) 

MCMO medical civil-military operations 

MCMOPS mine countermeasures operations 

M/CM/S mobility, countermobility, and/or survivability 

MCMREP mine countermeasure report 

MCMRON mine countermeasures squadron

MCO major combat operation; Mapping Customer Operations 

 (Defense Logistics Agency); Marine Corps order 

MCOO modified combined obstacle overlay 

MCRP Marine Corps reference publication 

MCS maneuver control system; Military Capabilities Study; mine 

 countermeasures ship; modular causeway system 

MCSB Marine Cryptologic Support Battalion

MCSF mobile cryptologic support facility 

MCSFB Marine Corps security force battalion 

MCSFR Marine Corps security force regiment 

MCT movement control team 

MCTC Midwest Counterdrug Training Center 

MCTFT Multijurisdictional Counterdrug Task Force Training 

MCTOG Marine Corps Tactics and Operations Group

MCU maintenance communications unit 

MCW modulated carrier wave 

MCWL Marine Corps Warfighting Lab

MCWP Marine Corps warfighting publication 

MCX Marine Corps Exchange 

MDA Magen David Adom (Israeli equivalent of the Red 

 Cross); maritime domain awareness; Missile Defense 

 Agency 

M-DARC military direct access radar channel 

M-day mobilization day; unnamed day on which mobilization of 

 forces begins 

MDBS blood support medical detachment 

MDCI multidiscipline counterintelligence 

MDCO Military Department counterintelligence organization

MDDOC Marine air-ground task force deployment and 

 distribution operations center 

MDF Main Defense Forces (NATO); main distribution frame 

MDITDS migration defense intelligence threat data system; 

 Modernized Defense Intelligence Threat Data System 

MDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-100 JP 1-02 

MDR medium data rate 

MDRO mission disaster response officer 

MDS Message Dissemination Subsystem; mission design series 

MDSS II Marine air-ground task force Deployment 

 Support System II 

MDSU mobile diving and salvage unit 

MDU military information support operations distribution unit 

MDW Military District of Washington 

MDZ maritime defense zone 

MEA munitions effect assessment; munitions effectiveness 

 assessment 

MEAS military information support operations effects analysis 

 subsystem 

MEB Marine expeditionary brigade 

MEBU mission essential backup 

MEC medium endurance cutter 

ME/C medical examiner and/or coroner 

MED manipulative electronic deception 

MEDAL Mine Warfare Environmental Decision Aids Library 

MEDCAP medical civic action program 

MEDCC medical coordination cell 

MEDCOM medical command; US Army Medical Command 

MEDEVAC medical evacuation 

MEDINT medical intelligence 

MEDLOG medical logistics (USAF AIS) 

MEDLOGCO medical logistics company 

MEDLOG JR medical logistics, junior (USAF) 

MEDLOG support medical logistics support 

MEDMOB Medical Mobilization Planning and Execution System 

MEDNEO medical noncombatant evacuation operation 

MEDREG medical regulating 

MEDREGREP medical regulating report 

MEDRETE medical readiness training exercise 

MEDS meteorological data system 

MEDSOM medical supply, optical, and maintenance unit 

MEDSTAT medical status 

MEF Marine expeditionary force

MEFPAKA manpower and equipment force packaging 

MEL maintenance expenditure limit; minimum equipment list 

MEO medium Earth orbit; military equal opportunity 

MEP mobile electric power 

MEPCOM military entrance processing command 

MEPES Medical Planning and Execution System 

MEPRS Military Entrance Processing and Reporting System 

MERCO merchant ship reporting and control 

MERSHIPS merchant ships 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-101 

MES medical equipment set 

MESAR minimum-essential security assistance requirements 

MESF maritime expeditionary security force 

MET medium equipment transporter; mobile environmental team 

METAR meteorological airfield report; meteorological aviation report 

METARS routine aviation weather report (roughly translated from 

 French; international standard code format for hourly 

 surface weather observations) 

METCON control of meteorological information (roughly translated 

 from French); meteorological control (Navy) 

METL mission-essential task list 

METMF meteorological mobile facility 

METMR(R) meteorological mobile facility (replacement) 

METOC meteorological and oceanographic 

METSAT meteorological satellite 

METT-T mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

 available-time available 

METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support 

 available-time available and civil considerations (Army) 

MEVA mission essential vulnerable area 

MEWSG Multi-Service Electronic Warfare Support Group (NATO) 

MEZ missile engagement zone 

MF medium frequency; mobile facility; multi-frequency 

MFC multinational force commander 

MFDS Modular Fuel Delivery System 

MFE manpower force element; mobile field exchange 

MFFIMS mass fatality field information management system 

MFO multinational force and observers 

MFP major force program 

MFPC maritime future plans center 

MFPF minefield planning folder 

MFS multifunction switch 

MG military information support operations group 

MGB medium girder bridge 

MGM master group multiplexer 

MGRS military grid reference system 

MGS mobile ground system 

MGT management 

MGW maximum gross weight

MHC management headquarters ceiling 

MHE materials handling equipment 

MHU modular heat unit 

MHW mean high water 

MHz megahertz 

MI military intelligence; movement instructions 

MIA missing in action
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-102 JP 1-02 

MIAC maritime intelligence and analysis center 

MIB Military Intelligence Board 

MIC Multinational Interoperability Council 

MICAP mission capable/mission capability 

MICON mission concept 

MICRO-MICS micro-medical inventory control system 

MICRO-SNAP micro-shipboard non-tactical automated data processing 

 system 

MIDAS model for intertheater deployment by air and sea 

MIDB modernized integrated database; modernized intelligence 

 database 

MIDDS-T Meteorological and Oceanographic (METOC) Integrated 

 Data Display System-Tactical 

MIF maritime interception force 

MIJI meaconing, interference, jamming, and intrusion 

MILAIR military airlift

MILALOC military air line of communications 

MILCON military construction 

MILDEC military deception 

MILDEP Military Department 

MILGP military group (assigned to American Embassy in host 

 nation) 

MILOB military observer 

MILOC military oceanography group (NATO) 

MILPERS military personnel 

MILSATCOM military satellite communications 

MILSPEC military specification 

MILSTAMP military standard transportation and movement procedures 

MILSTAR military strategic and tactical relay system 

MIL-STD military standard 

MILSTRAP military standard transaction reporting and accounting 

 procedure 

MILSTRIP military standard requisitioning and issue procedure 

MILTECH military technician 

MILU multinational integrated logistic support unit 

MILVAN military van (container) 

MIM maintenance instruction manual 

MIMP Mobilization Information Management Plan 

MINEOPS joint minelaying operations 

MIO maritime interception operations 

MIO-9 information operations threat analysis division (DIA) 

MIP Military Intelligence Program 

MIPE mobile intelligence processing element 

MIPOE medical intelligence preparation of the operational 

 environment 

MIPR military interdepartmental purchase request 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-103 

MIRCS mobile integrated remains collection system

MIS maritime intelligence summary; military information support 

MISAS military information support automated system

MISCAP mission capability 

MISG military information support group

MISO military information support operations 

MISREP mission report 

MIST military information support team 

MISTF military information support task force

MITASK mission tasking 

MITO minimum interval takeoff 

MITT mobile integrated tactical terminal 

MIUW mobile inshore undersea warfare 

MIUWU mobile inshore undersea warfare unit 

MIWC mine warfare commander

MJCS Joint Chiefs of Staff memorandum 

MJLC multinational joint logistic center 

M-Kill mobility kill 

MLA mission load allowance 

MLAYREP mine laying report 

MLE maritime law enforcement 

MLEA Maritime Law Enforcement Academy 

MLG Marine logistics group

MLI munitions list item 

MLMC medical logistics management center 

MLO military liaison office 

MLP message load plan 

MLPP multilevel precedence and preemption 

MLPS Medical Logistics Proponent Subcommittee 

MLRS multiple launch rocket system 

MLS microwave landing system; multilevel security 

MLSA mutual logistics support agreement

MLW mean low water 

MMA military mission area 

MMAC military mine action center 

MMC materiel management center 

MMG DOD Master Mobilization Guide 

MMI man/machine interface 

MMIS military information support operations management 

 information subsystem 

MMLS mobile microwave landing system 

MMS mast-mounted sight 

MMT military mail terminal 

MNC multinational corporation 

MNCC multinational coordination center 

MNF multinational force 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-104 JP 1-02 

MNFACC multinational force air component commander 

MNFC multinational force commander 

MNFLCC multinational force land component commander 

MNFMCC multinational force maritime component commander 

MNFSOCC multinational force special operations component commander 

MNJLC multinational joint logistics component 

MNL master net list; multinational logistics 

MNLC multinational logistic center 

MNP master navigation plan 

MNS mine neutralization system (USN); mission needs 

 statement 

MNTF multinational task force 

MO month 

MOA memorandum of agreement; military operating area 

MOADS maneuver-oriented ammunition distribution system 

MOB main operating base; main operations base; mobilization 

MOBCON mobilization control 

MOBREP military manpower mobilization and accession status 

 report; mobilization report 

MOC maritime operations center; media operations center 

MOCC measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) 

 operations coordination center; mobile operations 

 control center 

MOD Minister of Defense; ministry of defense; 

 modification 

MODEM modulator/demodulator 

MODLOC miscellaneous operational details, local operations 

MOD T-AGOS modified tactical auxiliary general ocean surveillance 

MOE measure of effectiveness 

MOG maximum (aircraft) on ground; movement on ground 

 (aircraft); multinational observer group 

MOGAS motor gasoline 

MOLE multichannel operational line evaluator 

MOMAT mobility matting 

MOMSS mode and message selection system 

MOP measure of performance; memorandum of policy 

MOPP mission-oriented protective posture 

MOR memorandum of record 

MOS military occupational specialty 

MOSC meteorological and oceanographic operations support 

 community

MOTR maritime operational threat response 

MOU memorandum of understanding 

MOUT military operations in urban terrain; military 

 operations on urbanized terrain 

MOVREP movement report 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-105 

MOW maintenance orderwire 

MP military police (Army and Marine); multinational publication 

MPA maritime patrol aircraft; mission and payload assessment; 

 mission planning agent 

MPAT military patient administration team; Multinational Planning 

 Augmentation Team 

MPC mid-planning conference; military personnel center 

MPE/S maritime pre-positioning equipment and supplies 

MPF maritime pre-positioning force 

MPG maritime planning group; mensurated point graphic 

mph miles per hour 

MPICE measuring progress in conflict environments

MPLAN Marine Corps Mobilization Management Plan 

MPM medical planning module 

MPNTP Master Positioning Navigation and Timing Plan

MPO military post office 

MPP maritime procedural publication

MPR maritime patrol and reconnaissance 

MPRS multi-point refueling system 

MPS maritime pre-positioning ship; message processor shelter; 

 Military Planning Service (UN); Military Postal 

 Service 

MPSA Military Postal Service Agency 

MPSRON maritime pre-positioning ships squadron 

MR milliradian; mobile reserve 

MRAALS Marine remote area approach and landing system 

MRAT medical radiobiology advisory team 

MRBM medium-range ballistic missile

MRCI maximum rescue coverage intercept 

MRE meal, ready to eat 

MRG movement requirements generator 

MRI magnetic resonance imaging 

MRMC US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command 

MRO mass rescue operation; materiel release order; medical 

 regulating office; medical regulating officer 

MROC multicommand required operational capability 

MRR minimum-risk route 

MRRR mobility requirement resource roster 

MRS measurement and signature intelligence (MASINT) 

 requirements system; meteorological radar subsystem; 

 movement report system 

MRSA Materiel Readiness Support Agency 

MRT maintenance recovery team 

MRU mountain rescue unit 

MRX mission readiness exercise 

MS message switch 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-106 JP 1-02 

ms millisecond 

MSA Maritime Security Act

MSC major subordinate command; maritime support center; 

 Military Sealift Command; military staff committee; 

 mission support confirmation 

MSCA military support to civilian authorities 

MSCD military support to civil defense 

MSCO Military Sealift Command Office 

MSD marginal support date; mobile security division 

MS-DOS Microsoft disk operating system 

MSE mission support element; mobile subscriber equipment 

MSECR HIS 6000 security module 

MSEL master scenario events list 

MSF Medicins Sans Frontieres (“Doctors Without Borders”); 

 mission support force; mobile security force; multiplex 

 signal format 

MSG Marine security guard; message 

MSGID message identification 

MSHARPP mission, symbolism, history, accessibility, recognizability, 

 population, and proximity 

MSI modified surface index; multispectral imagery 

MSIC Missile and Space Intelligence Center 

MSIS Marine safety information system 

MSK mission support kit 

MSL master station log; military shipping label 

MSNAP merchant ship naval augmentation program 

MSO map support office; marine safety office(r); maritime 

 security operations; military satellite communications 

 (MILSATCOM) systems organization; military source 

 operation; military strategic objective; military support 

 operations; mobilization staff officer 

MSOAG Marine special operations advisor group 

MSOC Marine special operations company 

MSP Maritime Security Program; mission support plan; 

 mobile sensor platform 

MSPES mobilization stationing, planning, and execution system 

MSPS military information support operations studies program 

 subsystem; mobilization stationing and planning system 

MSR main supply route; maritime support request; 

 mission support request 

MSRON maritime expeditionary security squadron 

MSRP mission strategic resource plan 

MSRR modeling and simulation resource repository 

MSRV message switch rekeying variable 

MSS medical surveillance system; meteorological satellite 

 subsystem 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-107 

MSSG Marine expeditionary unit (MEU) service support group 

MST Marine expeditionary force (MEF) weather support team; 

 meteorological and oceanographic support team; 

 mission support team 

MT military technician; ministry team 

MTA military training agreement 

MTAC Multiple Threat Alert Center (DON) 

MTBF mean time between failures 

MT Bn motor transport battalion 

MTCR missile technology control regime 

MT/D measurement tons per day 

mtDNA mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid

MTF medical treatment facility; message text format; 

 military information support operations task force 

MTG master timing generator; military information support 

 operations task group 

MTI moving target indicator 

MTIC Military Targeting Intelligence Committee 

MTL mission tasking letter 

MTMS maritime tactical message system 

MTN multi-tactical data link network 

MTO message to observer; mission type order 

MTOE modified table of organization and equipment 

MTON measurement ton 

MTP Marine tactical publication; maritime task plan; mission 

 tasking packet 

MTS Movement Tracking System 

MTS/SOF-IRIS multifunction system 

MTT magnetic tape transport; mobile training team 

MTTP multi-Service tactics, techniques, and procedures

MTW major theater war 

MTX message text format 

MU marry up 

MUL master urgency list (DOD) 

MULE modular universal laser equipment 

MUREP munitions report 

MUSARC major United States Army reserve commands 

MUSE mobile utilities support equipment 

MUST medical unit, self-contained, transportable 

MUX multiplex 

MV merchant vessel; motor vessel 

mV millivolt 

MW mine warfare

MWBP missile warning bypass 

MWC Missile Warning Center (NORAD) 

MWD military working dog 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-108 JP 1-02 

MWDT military working dog team 

MWF medical working file 

MWG mobilization working group 

MWOD multiple word-of-day 

MWR missile warning receiver; morale, welfare, and recreation 

MWSG Marine wing support group 

MWSS Marine wing support squadron 

N 

N number of required track spacings; number of search and 

 rescue units (SRUs) 

N-1 Navy component manpower or personnel staff officer 

N-2 Director of Naval Intelligence; Navy component intelligence 

 staff officer 

N-3 Navy component operations staff officer 

N-4 Navy component logistics staff officer 

N-5 Navy component plans staff officer 

N-6 Navy component communications staff officer 

NA nation assistance

NA5CRO non-Article 5 crisis response operation (NATO) 

NAAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Army 

 Armaments Group 

NAC North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

 Air Center; North Atlantic Council (NATO) 

NACE National Military Command System (NMCS) Automated 

 Control Executive 

NACISA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

 Communications and Information Systems Agency 

NACISC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

 Communications and Information Systems Committee 

NACSEM National Communications Security/Emanations Security 

 (COMSEC/EMSEC) Information Memorandum 

NACSI national communications security (COMSEC) instruction 

NACSIM national communications security (COMSEC) 

 information memorandum 

NAD 83 North American Datum 1983

NADEFCOL North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defense 

 College 

NADEP naval aircraft depot 

NAE Navy acquisition executive

NAEC-ENG Naval Air Engineering Center - Engineering 

NAF naval air facility; nonappropriated funds; numbered air 

 force 

NAFAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Air Force 

 Armaments Group 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-109 

NAI named area of interest 

NAIC National Air Intelligence Center 

NAK negative acknowledgement 

NALC Navy ammunition logistics code 

NALE naval and amphibious liaison element 

NALSS naval advanced logistic support site 

NAMP North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Annual 

 Manpower Plan 

NAMS National Air Mobility System 

NAMTO Navy material transportation office 

NAOC national airborne operations center (E-4B aircraft) 

NAPCAP North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allied 

 Pre-Committed Civil Aircraft Program 

NAPMA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Airborne 

 Early Warning and Control Program Management 

 Agency 

NAPMIS Navy Preventive Medicine Information System 

NAR nonconventional assisted recovery; notice of ammunition 

 reclassification 

NARAC national atmospheric release advisory capability; 

 National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center 

NARC non-automatic relay center 

NARP Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures

NAS naval air station 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NASAR National Association for Search and Rescue 

NAS computer national airspace system computer 

NASIC National Air and Space Intelligence Center 

NAT nonair-transportable (cargo) 

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 

NATOPS Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures 

 Standardization 

NAU Narcotics Assistance Unit 

NAVAID navigation aid 

NAVAIDS navigational aids 

NAVAIR naval air; Naval Air Systems Command 

NAVAIRSYSCOM Naval Air Systems Command (Also called NAVAIR) 

NAVATAC Navy Antiterrorism Analysis Center; Navy Antiterrorist 

 Alert Center 

NAVCHAPDET naval cargo handling and port group detachment 

NAVCHAPGRU Navy cargo handling and port group 

NAVCOMSTA naval communications station 

NAVCYBERFOR Navy Cyber Forces

NAVELSG Navy Expeditionary Logistic Support Group 

NAVEODTECHDIV Naval Explosives Ordnance Disposal Technology 

 Division 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-110 JP 1-02 

NAVEURMETOCCEN Naval Europe Meteorology and Oceanography Center 

NAVFAC Naval Facilities Engineering Command 

NAVFACENGCOM Naval Facilities Engineering Command 

NAVFAC-X Naval Facilities Engineering Command-expeditionary 

NAVFAX Navy facsimile 

NAVFOR Navy forces 

NAVICECEN Naval Ice Center 

NAVLANTMETOCCEN Naval Atlantic Meteorology and Oceanography Center 

NAVMAG naval magazine 

NAVMED Navy Medical; Navy medicine 

NAVMEDCOMINST Navy medical command instruction 

NAVMEDLOGCOM Navy Medical Logistics Command 

NAVMEDP Navy medical pamphlet 

NAVMETOCCOM Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command 

NAVMTO naval military transportation office; Navy Material 

 Transportation Office 

NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office 

NAVORD naval ordnance 

NAVORDSTA naval ordnance station 

NAVPACMETOCCEN Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center 

NAVSAFECEN naval safety center 

NAVSAT navigation satellite 

NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command 

NAVSEAINST Naval Sea Systems Command instruction 

NAVSEALOGCEN naval sea logistics center 

NAVSEASYSCOM Naval Sea Systems Command 

NAVSO United States Navy Forces, Southern Command 

NAVSOC Naval Satellite Operations Center; naval special 

 operations command; naval special operations 

 component; Navy special operations component 

NAVSOF naval special operations forces; Navy special operations 

 forces 

NAVSPACECOM Naval Space Command 

NAVSPECWARCOM Naval Special Warfare Command 

NAVSPOC Naval Space Operations Center 

NAVSUP Naval Supply Systems Command 

NAVSUPINST Navy Support Instruction 

NAVSUPSYSCOM Naval Supply Systems Command

NAVWAR navigation warfare

NAWCAD Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division 

NB narrowband 

NBC nuclear, biological, and chemical 

NBCCS nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) contamination 

 survivability 

NBDP narrow band direct printing 

NBG naval beach group 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-111 

NBI nonbattle injury 

NBS National Bureau of Standards 

NBST narrowband secure terminal 

NBVC Naval Base Ventura County 

NC3A nuclear command, control, and communications (C3) 

 assessment 

NCAA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Civil Airlift 

 Agency 

NCAGS naval cooperation and guidance for shipping 

NCAPS naval coordination and protection of shipping 

NCB national central bureau; naval construction brigade 

NCC National Coordinating Center; naval component 

 commander; Navy component command; Navy 

 component commander; network control center; North 

 American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

 Command Center 

NCCS Nuclear Command and Control System 

NCD net control device 

NCDC National Climatic Data Center 

NCES Net-Centric Enterprise Services 

NCESGR National Committee of Employer Support for the Guard 

 and Reserve 

NCF naval construction force 

NCFSU naval construction force support unit 

NCHB Navy cargo-handling battalion 

NCHF Navy cargo handling force 

NCIC National Crime Information Center 

NCI&KA national critical infrastructure and key assets 

NCIS Naval Criminal Investigative Service 

NCISRA Naval Criminal Investigative Service resident agent 

NCISRO Naval Criminal Investigative Service regional office 

NCISRU Naval Criminal Investigative Service resident unit 

NCIX National Counterintelligence Executive 

NCMI National Center for Medical Intelligence 

NCMP Navy Capabilities and Mobilization Plan 

NCO noncombat operations; noncommissioned officer 

NCOB National Counterintelligence Operations Board 

NCOIC noncommissioned officer in charge 

NCOS naval control of shipping 

NCP National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution 

 Contingency Plan 

NCPC National Counterprolification Center 

NCR National Capital Region (US); national cryptologic 

 representative; National Security Agency/Central 

 Security Service representative; naval construction 

 regiment 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-112 JP 1-02 

NCRCC National Capital Region Coordination Center; United 

 States Northern Command Rescue Coordination Center 

NCRCG National Cyber Response Coordination Group 

NCRDEF national cryptologic representative defense 

NCR-IADS National Capital Region - Integrated Air Defense System 

NCS National Clandestine Service; National Communications 

 System; naval control of shipping 

NCSC National Computer Security Center 

NCSE national intelligence support team (NIST) communications 

 support element 

NCT network control terminal 

NCTAMS naval computer and telecommunications area master 

 station 

NCTC National Counterterrorism Center; North East Counterdrug 

 Training Center 

NCTS naval computer and telecommunications station 

NCWS naval coastal warfare squadron 

NDAA National Defense Authorization Act 

NDAF Navy, Defense Logistics Agency, Air Force 

N-day day an active duty unit is notified for deployment or 

 redeployment 

NDB nondirectional beacon 

NDCS national drug control strategy 

NDDOC US Northern Command Deployment and Distribution 

 Operations Center 

NDHQ National Defence Headquarters, Canada 

NDIC National Defense Intelligence College; National Drug 

 Intelligence Center 

NDL national desired ground zero list 

NDMC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defense 

 Manpower Committee 

NDMS National Disaster Medical System (DHHS) 

NDOC National Defense Operations Center 

NDP national disclosure policy 

NDPB National Drug Policy Board 

NDPC National Disclosure Policy Committee 

NDRC National Detainee Reporting Center

NDRF National Defense Reserve Fleet 

NDS National Defense Strategy 

NDSF National Defense Sealift Fund 

NDU National Defense University 

NEA Northeast Asia 

NEAT naval embarked advisory team 

NEC National Economic Council 

NECC Navy Expeditionary Combat Command

NEIC Navy Expeditionary Intelligence Command 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-113 

NELR Navy expeditionary logistics regiment 

NEMT National Emergency Management Team 

NEO noncombatant evacuation operation 

NEOCC noncombatant evacuation operation coordination center 

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 

NEREP Nuclear Execution and Reporting Plan 

NES National Exploitation System 

NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information 

 Service (DOC) 

NEST nuclear emergency support team 

NETOPS network operations 

NETS Nationwide Emergency Telecommunications System 

NETT new equipment training team 

NETWARCOM Naval Network Warfare Command

NEW net explosive weight 

NEWAC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Electronic 

 Warfare Advisory Committee 

NEWCS NATO electronic warfare core staff 

NEXCOM Navy Exchange Command 

NFA no-fire area 

NFC numbered fleet commander

NFD nodal fault diagnostics 

NFELC Naval Facilities Expeditionary Logistics Center 

NFESC Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center 

NFI national foreign intelligence 

NFIB National Foreign Intelligence Board 

NFIP National Flood Insurance Program (FEMA); National 

 Foreign Intelligence Program 

NFLIR navigation forward-looking infrared 

NFLS naval forward logistic site 

NFN national file number 

NFO naval flight officer 

NG National Guard 

NGA National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 

NGB National Guard Bureau 

NGB-OC National Guard Bureau - Office of the Chaplain 

NGCC National Guard coordination center

NGF naval gun fire 

NGFS naval gunfire support 

NGIC National Ground Intelligence Center 

NG JFHQ-State National Guard joint force headquarters-state 

NGLO naval gunfire liaison officer 

NGO nongovernmental organization 

NGP National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Program 

NGRF National Guard reaction force 

NI national identification (number); noted item 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-114 JP 1-02 

NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System 

NIC National Intelligence Council; naval intelligence center 

NICC National Intelligence Coordination Center

NICCL National Incident Communications Conference Line

NICCP National Interdiction Command and Control Plan 

NICI National Interagency Counternarcotics Institute 

NID naval intelligence database 

NIDMS National Military Command System (NMCS) Information 

 for Decision Makers System 

NIDS National Military Command Center (NMCC) information 

 display system 

NIE national intelligence estimate 

NIEX no-notice interoperability exercise 

NIEXPG No-Notice Interoperability Exercise Planning Group 

NIFC national interagency fire center 

NII national information infrastructure 

NIIB National Geospatial Intelligence Agency imagery 

 intelligence brief 

NIL National Information Library 

NIMCAMP National Information Management and Communications 

 Master Plan 

NIMS National Incident Management System 

NIOC Navy Information Operations Command 

NIP National Intelligence Program 

NIPF National Intelligence Priority Framework

NIPRNET Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router Network 

NIPS Naval Intelligence Processing System 

NIRT Nuclear Incident Response Team 

NISH noncombatant evacuation operation (NEO) intelligence 

 support handbook 

NISP national intelligence support plan; Nuclear Weapons 

 Intelligence Support Plan 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology; national 

 intelligence support team 

NIT nuclear incident team 

NITES Navy Integrated Tactical Environmental System 

NITF national imagery transmission format 

NIU North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) interface unit 

NIWA naval information warfare activity 

NJOIC National Joint Operations and Intelligence Center

NJTTF National Joint Terrorism Task Force 

NL Navy lighterage 

NLO naval liaison officer 

.NL. not less than 

NLT not later than 

NLW nonlethal weapon 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-115 

NM network management 

nm nautical mile 

NMAWC Naval Mine and Anti-Submarine Warfare Command 

NMB North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military 

 body 

NMC Navy Munitions Command

NMCB naval mobile construction battalion 

NMCC National Military Command Center 

NMCM not mission capable, maintenance 

NMCS National Military Command System; not mission 

 capable, supply 

NMCSO Navy and Marine Corps spectrum office

NMD national missile defense 

NMEC National Media Exploitation Center 

NMFS National Marine Fisheries Services 

NMIC National Maritime Intelligence Center 

NMIST National Military Intelligence Support Team (DIA) 

NMO National Measurement and Signature Intelligence Office

NMOC network management operations center 

NMOSW Naval METOC Operational Support Web 

NMP national media pool 

NMPS Navy mobilization processing site 

NMR news media representative 

NMRC Naval Medical Research Center 

NMS National Military Strategy 

NMSA North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual 

 Support Act 

NMSC Navy and Marine Corps Spectrum Center

NMS-CO National Military Strategy for Cyberspace Operations 

NMS-CWMD National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass 

 Destruction 

NMSP-WOT National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism 

NNAG North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Naval 

 Armaments Group 

NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE) 

NNWC Naval Network Warfare Command

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NOACT Navy overseas air cargo terminal 

NOC National Operations Center (DHS); network operations 

 center 

NOCONTRACT not releasable to contractors or consultants 

NODDS Naval Oceanographic Data Distribution System 

NOE nap-of-the-earth 

NOEA nuclear operations emergency action 

NOFORN not releasable to foreign nationals 

NOG Nuclear Operations Group 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-116 JP 1-02 

NOGAPS Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System 

NOHD nominal ocular hazard distance 

NOIC Naval Operational Intelligence Center 

NOK next of kin 

NOLSC Naval Operational Logistics Support Center

NOMS Nuclear Operations Monitoring System 

NOMWC Navy Oceanographic Mine Warfare Center

NOP nuclear operations 

NOPLAN no operation plan available or prepared 

NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command 

NORM normal; not operationally ready, maintenance 

NORS not operationally ready, supply 

NOSC network operations and security center 

NOSSA Navy Ordnance Safety and Security Activity

NOTMAR notice to mariners 

NP nonproliferation 

NPC Nonproliferation Center 

NPES Nuclear Planning and Execution System 

NPG nonunit personnel generator 

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental 

 Satellite System

NPS National Park Service; nonprior service; 

 Nuclear Planning System 

NPT national pipe thread; Treaty on the Nonproliferation of 

 Nuclear Weapons 

NPWIC National Prisoner of War Information Center 

NQ nonquota 

NR North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) restricted; 

 number 

NRAT nuclear/radiological advisory team 

NRC National Response Center (USCG); non-unit-related cargo 

NRCC national response coordination center 

NRCHB Naval Reserve cargo-handling battalion 

NRCHF Naval Reserve cargo handling force 

NRCHTB Naval Reserve cargo handling training battalion 

NRF National Response Framework 

NRFI not ready for issue 

NRG notional requirements generator 

NRL nuclear weapons (NUWEP) reconnaissance list 

NRO National Reconnaissance Office 

NROC Northern Regional Operations Center (CARIBROC-CBRN) 

NRP National Response Plan; non-unit-related personnel 

NRPC Naval Reserve Personnel Center 

NRT near real time

NRTD near-real-time dissemination 

NRZ non-return-to-zero 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-117 

NS nuclear survivability 

NSA national security act; National Security Agency; national 

 security area; national shipping authority; North Atlantic 

 Treaty Organization (NATO) Standardization Agency 

NSA/CSS National Security Agency/Central Security Service 

NSARC National Search and Rescue Committee

NSAT United States Northern Command situational awareness 

 team

NSAWC Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center 

NSC National Security Council 

NSC/DC Deputies Committee of the National Security Council 

NSCID National Security Council intelligence directive 

NSC/IPC National Security Council/interagency policy committee 

NSC/IWG National Security Council/Interagency Working Group 

NSC/PC National Security Council/Principals Committee 

NSC/PCC National Security Council Policy Coordinating Committee 

NSCS National Security Council System 

NSCTI Naval Special Clearance Team One 

NS-CWMD National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass 

 Destruction 

NSD National Security Directive; National Security Division (FBI) 

NSDA non-self deployment aircraft 

NSDD national security decision directive 

NSDM national security decision memorandum 

NSDS-E Navy Satellite Display System-Enhanced 

NSE national support element; Navy support element 

NSEP national security emergency preparedness 

NSF National Science Foundation; National Strike Force 

 (USCG) 

NSFS naval surface fire support 

NSG National System for Geospatial Intelligence; 

 north-seeking gyro 

NSGI National System for Geospatial Intelligence 

NSHS National Strategy for Homeland Security 

NSL no-strike list 

NSM national search and rescue (SAR) manual 

NSMS National Strategy for Maritime Security 

NSN national stock number 

NSO non-Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) option 

NSOC National Security Operations Center; National Signals 

 Intelligence (SIGINT) Operations Center; 

 Navy Satellite Operations Center 

NSOOC North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Staff Officer 

 Orientation Course 

NSP national search and rescue plan 

NSPI National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-118 JP 1-02 

N-Sp/CC North American Aerospace Defense Command 

 (NORAD)-US Space Command/Command Center 

NSPD national security Presidential directive 

NSRL national signals intelligence (SIGINT) requirements list 

NSS National Search and Rescue Supplement; National Security 

 Strategy; national security system; non-self-sustaining 

NSSA National Security Space Architect 

NSSE national special security event 

NSST naval space support team 

NST National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency support team 

NSTAC National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee 

NSTISSC National Security Telecommunications and Information 

 Systems Security Committee 

NSTL national strategic targets list 

NSTS National Secure Telephone System 

NSW naval special warfare 

NSWCDD Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division

NSWCOM Naval Special Warfare Command 

NSWG naval special warfare group 

NSWTE naval special warfare task element 

NSWTF naval special warfare task force 

NSWTG naval special warfare task group 

NSWTU naval special warfare task unit 

NSWU naval special warfare unit 

NT nodal terminal 

NTACS Navy tactical air control system 

NTAP National Track Analysis Program 

NTB national target base 

NTBC National Military Joint Intelligence Center Targeting and 

 Battle Damage Assessment Cell 

NTC National Training Center 

NTCS-A Navy Tactical Command System-Afloat 

NTDS naval tactical data system 

NTF nuclear task force 

N-TFS New Tactical Forecast System 

NTIA National Telecommunications and Information 

 Administration 

NTIC Navy Tactical Intelligence Center 

NTISS National Telecommunications and Information Security 

 System 

NTISSI National Telecommunications and Information Security 

 System (NTISS) Instruction 

NTISSP National Telecommunications and Information Security 

 System (NTISS) Policy 

NTM national or multinational technical means of verification; 

 notice to mariners
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-119 

NTMPDE National Telecommunications Master Plan for Drug 

 Enforcement 

NTMS national telecommunications management structure 

NTPS near-term pre-positioned ships 

NTRP Navy technical reference publication

NTS night targeting system; noncombatant evacuation operations 

 tracking system 

NTSB National Transportation Safety Board 

NTSS National Time-Sensitive System 

NTTP Navy tactics, techniques, and procedures 

NTU new threat upgrade 

NUC non-unit-related cargo; nuclear 

NUCINT nuclear intelligence 

NUDET nuclear detonation 

NUFEA Navy-unique fleet essential aircraft 

NUP non-unit-related personnel 

NURP non-unit-related personnel 

NUWEP policy guidance for the employment of nuclear weapons 

NVD night vision device 

NVDT National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency voluntary 

 deployment team 

NVG night vision goggle(s) 

NVS night vision system 

NW network warfare; not waiverable 

NWARS National Wargaming System 

NWB normal wideband 

NWBLTU normal wideband line termination unit 

NWDC Navy Warfare Development Command 

NWFP Northwest Frontier Province (Pakistan) 

NWP Navy warfare publication; numerical weather prediction

NWREP nuclear weapons report 

NWS National Weather Service 

NWT normal wideband terminal 

O 

1MC general announcing system

1NCD 1st Naval Construction Division 

O contour pattern 

O&I operations and intelligence 

O&M operation and maintenance 

OA objective area; operating assembly; operational area; 

 Operations Aerology shipboard METOC division 

OADR originating agency’s determination required 

OAE operational area evaluation 

OAF Operation ALLIED FORCE 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-120 JP 1-02 

OAFME Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner 

OAG operations advisory group 

OAI oceanographic area of interest

OAJCG Operation Alliance joint control group 

OAP offset aimpoint 

OAR Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff operation plans 

 assessment report 

OAS offensive air support; Organization of American States 

OASD Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense 

OASD(NII/CIO) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks 

 and Information Integration/Chief Information Officer)

OASD(PA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs) 

OASD(RA) Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs) 

OAU Organization of African Unity 

O/B outboard 

OB operating base; order of battle 

OBA oxygen breathing apparatus 

OBFS offshore bulk fuel system 

OBST obstacle 

OBSTINT obstacle intelligence 

OC oleoresin capsicum ; operations center 

OCA offensive counterair; operational control authority 

OCBD Office of Capacity Building and Development (USDA) 

OCC Operations Computer Center (USCG) 

OCD orderwire clock distributor 

OCDEFT organized crime drug enforcement task force 

OCE officer conducting the exercise 

OCEANCON control of oceanographic information 

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 

OCJCS Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

OCJCS-PA Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-Public 

 Affairs 

OCMI officer in charge, Marine inspection 

OCO offload control officer 

OCONUS outside the continental United States 

OCOP outline contingency operation plan 

OCP operational configuration processing 

OCR Office of Collateral Responsibility 

OCU orderwire control unit (Types I, II, and III) 

OCU-1 orderwire control unit-1 

OD operational detachment; other detainee 

ODA operational detachment-Alpha 

ODATE organization date 

O-Day off-load day 

ODB operational detachment-Bravo 

ODC Office of Defense Cooperation 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-121 

ODCSLOG Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics (Army) 

ODCSOPS Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and 

 Plans (Army) 

ODCSPER Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel (Army) 

ODIN Operational Digital Network 

ODJS Office of the Director, Joint Staff 

ODNI Office of the Director of National Intelligence 

ODR Office of Defense representative 

ODZ outer defense zone 

OE&AS organization for embarkation and assignment to shipping 

OEBGD Overseas Environmental Baseline Guidance Document 

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OE operational environment 

OEF Operation ENDURING FREEDOM 

OEG operational experts group; operational exposure guide; 

 operations security executive group 

OEH occupational and environmental health 

OEM original equipment manufacturer 

OER officer evaluation report; operational electronic intelligence 

 (ELINT) requirements 

OES office of emergency services 

OET Office of Emergency Transportation (DOT) 

OF officer (NATO) 

OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control (TREAS) 

OFCO offensive counterintelligence operation 

OFDA Office of United States Foreign Disaster Assistance 

 (USAID) 

OFHIS operational fleet hospital information system 

OFOESA Office of Field Operational and External Support Activities 

OGA other government agency 

OGS overseas ground station 

OH overhead 

OHDACA Overseas Humanitarian, Disaster, and Civic Aid (DSCA) 

OHDM Office of Humanitarian Assistance, Disaster Relief, and 

 Mine Action 

OI Office of Intelligence (USCS); operating instruction; 

 operational interest 

OIA Office of International Affairs (TREAS)

OI&A Office of Intelligence and Analysis (DHS) 

OIC officer in charge 

OICC officer in charge of construction; operational intelligence 

 coordination center 

OID operation order (OPORD) identification 

OIF Operation IRAQI FREEDOM 

OIR operational intelligence requirements; other intelligence 

 requirements 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-122 JP 1-02 

OJT on-the-job training 

OL operating location 

OLD on-line tests and diagnostics 

OLS operational linescan system; optical landing system 

OM contour multiunit 

OMA Office of Military Affairs (CIA and USAID) 

OMB Office of Management and Budget; operations 

 management branch 

OMC Office of Military Cooperation; optical memory card 

OMF officer master file 

OMS Office of Mission Support 

OMSPH Office of Medicine, Science, and Public Health (DHHS) 

OMT operations management team; orthogonal mode transducer 

OMT/OMTP operational maintenance test(ing)/test plan 

ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy 

ONE Operation NOBLE EAGLE 

ONI Office of Naval Intelligence 

OOB order of battle 

OOD officer of the deck 

OODA observe, orient, decide, act 

OOS out of service 

OP operational publication (USN); ordnance publication 

OPARS Optimum Path Aircraft Routing System 

OPBAT Operation Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos 

OPC Ocean Prediction Center (DOC) 

OPCEN operations center (USCG) 

OPCOM operational command (NATO) 

OPCON operational control 

OPDAT Office of Overseas Prosecutorial Development, 

 Assistance, and Training (DOJ) 

OPDEC operational deception 

OPDS offshore petroleum discharge system (Navy) 

OPDS-Future offshore petroleum discharge system-future (Navy)

OPDS-Legacy offshore petroleum discharge system-legacy (Navy)

OPE operational preparation of the environment 

OPELINT operational electronic intelligence 

OPEO Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations (DHHS) 

OPFOR opposing force; opposition force 

OPG operations planning group 

OPGEN operation general matter 

OPLAN operation plan 

OPLAW operational law 

OPM Office of Personnel Management; operations per minute 

OPMG Office of the Provost Marshal General

OPNAVINST Chief of Naval Operations instruction 

OPORD operation order 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-123 

OPP off-load preparation party; orderwire patch panel 

OPR office of primary responsibility 

OPREP operational report 

OPROJ operational project 

OPS operational project stock; operations; operations center 

OPSCOM Operations Committee 

OPSDEPS Service Operations Deputies 

OPSEC operations security 

OPSTK operational stock 

OPSUM operation summary 

OPT operational planning team 

OPTAR operating target 

OPTASK operation task 

OPTASKLINK operations task link 

OPTEMPO operating tempo 

OPTINT optical intelligence 

OPZONE operation zone 

OR operational readiness; other rank(s) (NATO) 

ORBAT order of battle 

ORCON originator controlled 

ORDREF order reference 

ORDTYP order type 

ORG origin (GEOLOC) 

ORIG origin 

ORM operational risk management 

ORP ocean reception point 

ORS operationally responsive space

ORSA operations research and systems analysis 

OS operating system 

OSA operational support airlift 

OSAT out-of-service analog test 

OSC offensive space control; on-scene commander; on-site 

 commander; Open Source Center (CIA); operational 

 support command; operations support center 

OSCE Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe 

OSD Office of the Secretary of Defense 

OSD/DMDPO Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Military 

 Deception Program Office

OSE on scene endurance; operations support element 

OSEI operational significant event imagery

OSG operational support group 

OSI open system interconnection; operational subsystem 

 interface 

OSIA on-site inspection activity 

OSINT open-source intelligence 

OSIS open-source information system 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-124 JP 1-02 

OSM Office of Spectrum Management (NTIA)

OSO operational support office 

OSOCC on-site operations coordination center 

OSP operations support package 

OSPG overseas security policy group 

OSRI originating station routing indicator 

OSV ocean station vessel 

OT operational test 

OT&E operational test and evaluation 

OTA Office of Technical Assistance (TREAS)

OTC officer in tactical command; over the counter 

OTG operational target graphic 

OTH other; over the horizon 

OTH-B over-the-horizon backscatter (radar) 

OTHT over-the-horizon targeting 

OTI Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID) 

OTS Officer Training School; one-time source 

OUB offshore petroleum discharge system (OPDS) utility boat 

OUSD Office of the Under Secretary of Defense 

OUSD(AT&L) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, 

 Technology, and Logistics) 

OUSD(C/CFO) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense 

 (Comptroller/Chief Financial Officer) 

OUSD(I) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)

OUSD(P) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

OUT outsize cargo 

OVE on-vehicle equipment 

OVER oversize cargo 

OVM Operation VIGILANT MARINER 

OW orderwire 

OWS operational weather squadron 

P 

P parallel pattern; priority; publication 

PA parent relay; physician assistant; primary agency; probability 

 of arrival; public affairs 

PAA position area of artillery 

PABX private automatic branch exchange (telephone) 

PACAF Pacific Air Forces 

PAD patient administration director; positional adjustment; 

 precision aircraft direction 

PADD person authorized to direct disposition of human remains 

PADRU Pan American Disaster Response Unit 

PADS position azimuth determining system 

PAG public affairs guidance 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-125 

PAL personnel allowance list; program assembler language 

PALCON pallet container 

PALS precision approach landing system 

PAM preventive and aerospace medicine; pulse amplitude 

 modulation 

PaM passage material 

PANS procedures for air navigation services 

PAO public affairs office; public affairs officer 

PAR performance assessment report; population at risk; 

 precision approach radar 

PARC principal assistant for contracting 

PARKHILL high frequency cryptological device 

PARPRO peacetime application of reconnaissance programs 

PARS Personnel and Accountability System

PAS personnel accounting symbol 

PAT public affairs team 

PAV policy assessment visit 

PAWS phased array warning system 

PAX passengers; public affairs plans 

PB particle beam; patrol boat; peace building; 

 President’s budget 

PB4T planning board for training

PBA performance-based agreement; production base analysis 

PBCR portable bar code recorder 

PBD program budget decision 

PBIED person-borne improvised explosive device

PBOS Planning Board for Ocean Shipping 

PC patrol craft; personal computer; pilot in command; 

 preliminary coordination; Principals Committee 

Pc cumulative probability of detection 

P,C,&H packing, crating, and handling 

PC&S post, camp, and station 

PCA Posse Comitatus Act 

PCC policy coordination committee; primary control center 

PCF personnel control facility 

PCL positive control launch 

PC-LITE processor, laptop imagery transmission equipment 

PCM pulse code modulation 

PCO primary control officer; procuring contracting officer 

PCRTS primary casualty receiving and treatment ship 

PCS permanent change of station; personal communications 

 system; primary control ship; processing subsystem; 

 processor controlled strapping 

PCT personnel control team 

PCTC pure car and truck carrier 

PCZ physical control zone 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-126 JP 1-02 

PD position description; Presidential directive; priority 

 designator; probability of damage; probability of 

 detection; procedures description; program 

 definition; program directive; program director; 

 public diplomacy 

Pd drift compensated parallelogram pattern 

PDA preliminary damage assessment 

PDAI primary development/test aircraft inventory 

PDC Pacific Disaster Center 

PDD Presidential decision directive 

PDDA power driven decontamination apparatus 

PDDG program directive development group 

PDG positional data graphic 

PDM program decision memorandum 

PDOP position dilution of precision 

PDS position determining system; primary distribution site; 

 protected distribution system 

PDSC public diplomacy and strategic communication 

PDSS predeployment site survey 

PDUSD(P&R) Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel 

 and Readiness) 

PE peace enforcement; peacetime establishment; personal 

 effects; preparation of the environment; 

 program element 

PEAD Presidential emergency action document 

PEC program element code 

PECK patient evacuation contingency kit 

PECP precision engagement collaboration process 

PED processing, exploitation, and dissemination 

PEDB planning and execution database 

PEGEO personnel geographic location 

PEI principal end item 

PEIO personnel effects inventory officer

PEM program element monitor 

PEO peace enforcement operations; program executive officer 

PEP personnel exchange program 

PER personnel 

PERE person eligible to receive effects 

PERID period 

PERMREP permanent representative (NATO) 

PERSCO personnel support for contingency operations 

PERSCOM personnel command (Army) 

PERSINS personnel information system 

PES preparedness evaluation system 

PFA primary federal agency 

PFD personal flotation device 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-127 

PFDB planning factors database 

PFIAB President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board 

PFID positive friendly identification 

PFO principal federal official 

PfP Partnership for Peace (NATO) 

PGI procedures, guidance, and information

PGM precision-guided munition 

pH potential of hydrogen 

PHEO public health emergency officer

PHIBCB amphibious construction battalion 

PHIBGRU amphibious group 

PHIBOP amphibious operation 

PHIBRON amphibious squadron 

PHO posthostilities operations 

PHS Public Health Service 

PI pandemic influenza; point of impact; probability of 

 incapacitation; procedural 

 item; purposeful interference 

PIAB President’s Intelligence Advisory Board

PIC parent indicator code; payment in cash; person identification 

 code; pilot in command; press information center (NATO) 

PID plan identification number 

PIDD planned inactivation or discontinued date 

PIF problem identification flag 

PII pre-incident indicators 

PIM pretrained individual manpower 

PIN personnel increment number 

PINS precise integrated navigation system 

PIO press information officer; public information officer 

PIPS plans integration partitioning system 

PIR priority intelligence requirement 

PIREP pilot report 

PIRT Purposeful Interference Response Team

PIW person in water 

PJ pararescue jumper 

PK peacekeeping; probability of kill 

PKG-POL packaged petroleum, oils, and lubricants 

PKI public key infrastructure 

PKO peacekeeping operations 

PKP purple k powder 

PKSOI Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute

PL phase line; public law 

PLA plain language address 

PLAD plain language address directory 

PLANORD planning order 

PLAT pilot’s landing aid television 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-128 JP 1-02 

PLB personal locator beacon 

PLC power line conditioner 

PLGR precise lightweight global positioning system (GPS) 

 receiver 

PLL phase locked loop 

PLL/ASL prescribed load list/authorized stock level 

PLRS position location reporting system 

PLS palletized load system; personal locator system; 

 personal locator system; pillars of logistic support; 

 precision location system 

PLT platoon; program library tape 

PM Bureau of Political-Military Affairs (DOS); parallel track 

 multiunit; passage material; patient movement; 

 peacemaking; political-military affairs; preventive 

 medicine; program management; program manager; 

 provost marshal 

PMA political/military assessment 

PMAA Production Management Alternative Architecture 

PMAI primary mission aircraft inventory 

P/M/C passengers/mail/cargo 

PMC parallel multiunit circle; private military company 

PMCF post maintenance check flight

PMCT port movement control team 

PMD program management directive 

PME professional military education 

PMEL precision measurement equipment laboratory 

PMESII political, military, economic, social, information, and 

 infrastructure 

PMGM program manager’s guidance memorandum 

PMI patient movement item 

PMITS Patient Movement Item Tracking System

PMN parallel track multiunit non-return 

PMO production management office(r); program management 

 office 

PMOS primary military occupational specialty 

PMR parallel track multiunit return; patient movement request; 

 patient movement requirement 

PMRC patient movement requirements center 

PMS portable meteorological subsystem 

PN partner nation; pseudonoise 

PNA postal net alert

PNID precedence network in dialing 

PNT positioning, navigation, and timing

PNVS pilot night vision system 

P/O part of 

PO peace operations; petty officer 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-129 

POA plan of action 

POAI primary other aircraft inventory 

POB persons on board 

POC point of contact 

POCD port operations cargo detachment 

POD plan of the day; port of debarkation; probability of detection 

POE port of embarkation; port of entry 

POES polar operational environment satellite

POF priority of fires 

POG port operations group 

POI program of instruction 

POL petroleum, oils, and lubricants 

POLAD policy advisor; political advisor 

POLCAP bulk petroleum capabilities report 

POLMIL political-military 

POM program objective memorandum 

POMCUS pre-positioning of materiel configured to unit sets 

POMSO Plans, Operations, and Military Support Office(r) (NG) 

POP performance oriented packaging 

POPS port operational performance simulator 

POR proposed operational requirement 

PORTS portable remote telecommunications system 

PORTSIM port simulation model 

POS peacetime operating stocks; point of sale; probability 

 of success 

POSF port of support file 

POSSUB possible submarine 

POSTMOB post mobilization 

POTUS President of the United States 

POV privately owned vehicle 

POW prisoner of war 

P/P patch panel 

p-p peak-to-peak 

PPA personnel information system (PERSINS) personnel 

 activity 

PPAG proposed public affairs guidance 

PPBE Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution 

PPD Presidential policy directive; program planning document 

PPDB point positioning database 

PPE personal protective equipment 

PPF personnel processing file 

Pplan programming plan 

PPLI precise participant location and identification 

ppm parts per million 

PPP power projection platform; primary patch panel; priority 

 placement program 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-130 JP 1-02 

PPR prior permission required 

PPS precise positioning service 

PPTO petroleum pipeline and terminal operating 

PR personnel recovery; Phoenix Raven; primary zone; 

 production requirement; program review 

PRA patient reception area; primary review authority 

PRANG Puerto Rican Air National Guard 

PRBS pseudorandom binary sequence 

PRC populace and resources control; Presidential Reserve 

 Call-up 

PRCC personnel recovery coordination cell 

PRCS personnel recovery coordination section

PRD personnel readiness division; Presidential review 

 directive 

PRDO personnel recovery duty officer 

PREMOB pre-mobilization 

PREPO pre-positioned force, equipment, or supplies; pre- 

 positioning 

PREREP pre-arrival report 

PRF personnel resources file; pulse repetition frequency 

PRG personnel recovery guidance; program review group 

PRI movement priority for forces having the same latest arrival 

 date (LAD); priority; progressive routing indicator 

PRIFLY primary flight control 

Prime BEEF Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force 

PRISM Planning Tool for Resource, Integration, 

 Synchronization, and Management 

PRM Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (DOS); 

 Presidential review memorandum 

PRMFL perm file 

PRMS personnel recovery mission software 

PRN pseudorandom noise 

PRO personnel recovery officer 

PROBSUB probable submarine 

PROC processor; Puerto Rican Operations Center 

PROFIS professional officer filler information system 

PROM programmable read-only memory 

PROPIN caution - proprietary information involved 

PROVORG providing organization 

proword procedure word 

PRP personnel reliability program; Personnel Retrieval and 

 Processing 

PRRIS Puerto Rican radar integration system 

PRSL primary zone/switch location 

PRT patient reception team; provincial reconstruction team 

PRTF personnel recovery task force 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-131 

PRU pararescue unit; primary reporting unit 

PS parallel track single-unit; processing subsystem 

PSA port support activity 

PSB poststrike base 

PSC port security company; principal subordinate command; 

 private security contractor 

PSD planning systems division; port security detachment 

PSE peculiar support equipment 

PS/HD port security/harbor defense 

PSHDGRU port security and harbor defense group 

PSI personnel security investigation; Proliferation Security 

 Initiative 

psi pounds per square inch 

PSK phase-shift keying 

PSL parallel track single-unit long-range aid to navigation 

 (LORAN) 

PSMS Personnel Status Monitoring System 

PSN packet switching node; public switch network 

PSO peace support operations (NATO); post security officer 

PSP perforated steel planking; portable sensor platform; 

 power support platform 

PSS parallel single-unit spiral; personnel services support 

P-STATIC precipitation static 

PSTN public switched telephone network 

PSU port security unit 

PSV pseudosynthetic video 

PTA position, time, altitude 

PTAI primary training aircraft inventory 

PTC peace through confrontation; primary traffic channel 

PTDO prepare to deploy order 

PTM personnel transport module 

PTT postal telephone and telegraph; public telephone and 

 telegraph; push-to-talk 

PTTI precise time and time interval 

pub publication 

PUK packup kit 

PUL parent unit level 

PV prime vendor 

PVNTMED preventive medicine 

PVT positioning, velocity, and timing 

PW prisoner of war 

pW picowatt 

PWB printed wiring board (assembly) 

PWD programmed warhead detonation 

PWF personnel working file 

PWG protection working group 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-132 JP 1-02 

PWIS Prisoner of War Information System 

PWR pre-positioned wartime reserves 

PWRMR pre-positioned war materiel requirement 

PWRMS pre-positioned war reserve materiel stock 

PWRR petroleum war reserve requirements 

PWRS petroleum war reserve stocks; pre-positioned war reserve 

 stock 

PWS performance work statement

PZ pickup zone 

Q 

QA quality assurance 

QAM quadrature amplitude modulation 

QAT quality assurance team 

QC quality control 

QD quality distance 

QDR quadrennial defense review; quality deficiency report 

QEEM quick erect expandable mast 

QHDA qualified hazardous duty area 

QIP quick impact project

QM quartermaster 

QPSK quadrature phase shift keying 

QRA quick reaction antenna 

QRCT quick reaction communications terminal 

QRE quick reaction element 

QRF quick reaction force; quick response force 

QRG quick response graphic 

QRP quick response posture 

QRS quick reaction strike 

QRSA quick reaction satellite antenna 

QRT quick reaction team 

QS quality surveillance 

QSR quality surveillance representative 

QSTAG quadripartite standardization agreement 

QTY quantity 

QUADCON quadruple container 

R 

R routine 

R&D research and development 

R&R rest and recuperation 

R&S reconnaissance and surveillance; reconstruction and 

 stabilization 

R2P2 rapid response planning process 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-133 

RA response action; risk analysis; risk assessment 

RAA redeployment assembly area 

RABFAC radar beacon forward air controller 

RAC responsible analytic center 

RAC-OT readiness assessment system - output tool 

RAD routine aerial distribution 

RADAY radio day 

RADBN radio battalion 

RADC regional air defense commander 

RADCON radiological control team 

RADF radarfind 

RADHAZ electromagnetic radiation hazards 

RADINT radar intelligence 

RADS rapid area distribution support (USAF) 

RAE right of assistance entry 

RAF Royal Air Force (UK) 

R-AFF regimental affiliation 

RAM raised angle marker; random access memory; random 

 antiterrorism measure 

RAMCC regional air movement coordination center 

RAOB rawindsonde observation 

RAOC rear area operations center; regional air operations center 

RAP Radiological Assistance Program (DOE); rear area 

 protection; Remedial Action Projects Program (JCS) 

RAS replenishment at sea 

RAS-OT readiness assessment system - output tool 

RAST recovery assistance, securing, and traversing systems 

RASU random access storage unit 

RATE refine, adapt, terminate, execute

RATT radio teletype 

RB short-range coastal or river boat 

RBA reimbursable budget authority

RBC red blood cell 

RBE remain-behind equipment 

RBECS Revised Battlefield Electronic Communications, 

 Electronics, Intelligence, and Operations (CEIO) System 

RBI RED/BLACK isolator 

RB std rubidium standard 

RC receive clock; regional coordinator; Reserve Component; 

 resident coordinator (UN); river current 

RCA riot control agent 

RCAT regional counterdrug analysis team 

RCC regional contracting center; relocation coordination 

 center; rescue coordination center 

RCCPDS Reserve Component common personnel data system 

RCD regional collection detachment 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-134 JP 1-02 

RCEM regional contingency engineering management 

RCHB reserve cargo handling battalion 

RCIED radio-controlled improvised explosive device 

RCM Rules for Courts-Martial 

RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police 

RC NORTH Regional Command North (NATO) 

RCO regional contracting office 

RCP resynchronization control panel 

RCS radar cross section 

RC SOUTH Regional Command South (NATO) 

RCSP remote call service position 

RCT regimental combat team; rescue coordination team (Navy) 

RCTA Regional Counterdrug Training Academy 

RCU rate changes unit; remote control unit 

RCVR receiver 

RD receive data; ringdown 

RDA research, development, and acquisition 

R-day redeployment day 

RDCFP Regional Defense Counterterrorism Fellowship Program 

RDCTFP Regional Defense Combating Terrorism 

 Fellowship Program 

RDD radiological dispersal device; required delivery date 

RDECOM US Army Research, Development, and Engineering 

 Command 

RDF radio direction finder; rapid deployment force 

RDO request for deployment order 

RDT&E research, development, test and evaluation 

REACT rapid execution and combat targeting 

REAC/TS radiation emergency assistance center/training site (DOE) 

READY resource augmentation duty program 

RECA Residual Capability Assessment 

RECAS residual capability assessment system 

RECAT residual capability assessment team 

RECCE reconnaissance 

RECMOB reconstitution-mobilization 

RECON reconnaissance 

RED radiological exposure device

RED HORSE Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair 

 Squadron Engineer 

REF Rapid Equipping Force (Army); reference(s) 

REGT regiment 

REL relative 

RELCAN releasable to Canada 

REMT regional emergency management team 

REMUS remote environmental monitoring unit system 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-135 

REPOL bulk petroleum contingency report; petroleum damage and 

 deficiency report; reporting emergency petroleum, oils, 

 and lubricants 

REPSHIP report of shipment 

REPUNIT reporting unit 

REQCONF request confirmation 

REQSTATASK air mission request status tasking 

RES radiation exposure status

RESA research, evaluation, and system analysis 

RESCAP rescue combat air patrol 

RESCORT rescue escort 

RESPROD responsible production 

RET retired 

RF radio frequency; reserve force; response force 

RFA radio frequency authorization; request for assistance; 

 restrictive fire area 

RFC request for capabilities; response force commander 

 revision final coordination 

RF CM radio frequency countermeasures 

RFD revision first draft 

RF/EMPINT radio frequency/electromagnetic pulse intelligence 

RFF request for feedback; request for forces 

RFI radio frequency interference; ready for issue; request for 

 information 

RFID radio frequency identification 

RFL restrictive fire line 

RFP request for proposal 

RFS request for service; request for support 

RFW request for waiver 

RG reconstitution group 

RGR Rangers 

RGS remote geospatial intelligence services 

RH reentry home 

Rh Rhesus 

RHIB rigid hull inflatable boat 

RI Refugees International; routing indicator 

RIB rubberized inflatable boat 

RIC routing indicator code 

RICO regional interface control officer 

RIG recognition identification group 

RIK replacement in kind 

RIMS registrant information management system 

RIP register of intelligence publications 

RIS reconnaissance information system 

RISOP red integrated strategic offensive plan 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-136 JP 1-02 

RISTA reconnaissance, intelligence, surveillance, and target 

 acquisition 

RIT remote imagery transceiver 

RIVRON riverine squadron 

RJTD reconstitution joint table of distribution 

RLD ready-to-load date 

RLE rail liaison element 

RLG regional liaison group; ring laser gyro 

RLGM remote loop group multiplexer 

RLGM/CD remote loop group multiplexer/cable driver 

RLP remote line printer 

RM recovery mechanism; resource management; risk 

 management 

RMC remote multiplexer combiner; rescue mission commander; 

 Resource Management Committee (CSIF); returned to 

 military control 

RMKS remarks 

RMO regional Marine officer 

RMP religious ministry professional 

RMS requirements management system; root-mean-square 

RMU receiver matrix unit 

RNAV area navigation 

RNP remote network processor 

R/O receive only 

Ro search radius rounded to next highest whole number 

ROA restricted operations area 

ROC regional operations center; rehearsal of concept; required 

 operational capability 

ROCU remote orderwire control unit 

ROE rules of engagement 

ROEX rules of engagement exercise 

ROG railhead operations group 

ROICC resident officer in charge of construction 

ROK Republic of Korea 

ROM read-only memory; restriction of movement; rough order 

 of magnitude 

RON remain overnight 

RO/RO roll-on/roll-off 

ROS reduced operating status 

ROTC Reserve Officer Training Corps 

ROTHR relocatable over-the-horizon backscatter radar (USN) 

ROWPU reverse osmosis water purification unit 

ROZ restricted operations zone 

RP reconstitution priority; release point (road); religious 

 program specialist; retained personnel 

RPG rocket propelled grenade 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-137 

RPM revolutions per minute

RPO rendezvous and proximity operations

RPPO Requirements, Plans, and Policy Office 

RPT report 

RPTOR reporting organization 

RPV remotely piloted vehicle 

RQMT requirement 

RQT rapid query tool 

RR reattack recommendation 

RRC regional reporting center 

RRCC regional response coordination center 

RRDF roll-on/roll-off (RO/RO) discharge facility 

RRF rapid reaction force; rapid response force; Ready Reserve 

 Fleet; Ready Reserve Force 

RRPP rapid response planning process 

RS rate synthesizer; religious support; requirement submission 

RSA retrograde storage area 

RSC red station clock; regional service center; rescue sub-center 

RSD reporting of supply discrepancy 

RSE retrograde support element 

RSG reference signal generator 

RSI rationalization, standardization, and interoperability 

RSL received signal level 

RSN role specialist nation 

RSO regional security officer 

RSOC regional signals intelligence (SIGINT) operations center 

RSOI reception, staging, onward movement, and integration 

RSP recognized surface picture; Red Switch Project (DOD); 

 religious support plan; religious support policy 

RSPA Research and Special Programs Administration 

RSS radio subsystem; really simple syndication; remote 

 sensors subsystem; root-sum-squared 

RSSC regional satellite communications (SATCOM) support 

 center; regional satellite support cell; regional signals 

 intelligence (SIGINT) support center (NSA); regional 

 space support center 

RSSC-LO regional satellite communications support center liaison 

 officer; regional space support center liaison officer 

RST religious support team 

RSTA reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition 

RSTV real-time synthetic video 

RSU rapid support unit; rear support unit; remote switching unit 

R/T receiver/transmitter 

RT recovery team; remote terminal; rough terrain 

RTA residual threat assessment 

RTB return to base 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-138 JP 1-02 

RTCC rough terrain container crane 

RTCH rough terrain container handler 

RTD returned to duty 

RTF regional task force; return to force 

RTFL rough terrain forklift 

RTG radar target graphic 

RTL restricted target list 

RTLP receiver test level point 

RTM real-time mode 

RTOC rear tactical operations center 

RTS remote transfer switch 

RTTY radio teletype 

RU release unit; rescue unit 

RUF rules for the use of force 

RUIC Reserve unit identification number 

RUSCOM rapid ultrahigh frequency (UHF) satellite communications 

RV long-range seagoing rescue vessel; 

 rekeying variable; rendezvous 

RVR runway visibility recorder 

RVT remote video terminal 

RW rotary-wing 

RWCM regional wartime construction manager 

RWR radar warning receiver 

RWS rawinsonde subsystem 

RX receive; receiver 

RZ recovery zone; return-to-zero 

S 

618th TACC 618th Tanker Airlift Control Center 

S&F store-and-forward 

S&R search and recovery 

S&T science and technology; scientific and technical 

S&TI scientific and technical intelligence 

S-1 battalion or brigade manpower and personnel staff 

 officer (Marine Corps battalion or regiment) 

S-2 battalion or brigade intelligence staff officer (Army; Marine 

 Corps battalion or regiment) 

S-3 battalion or brigade operations staff officer (Army; Marine 

 Corps battalion or regiment) 

S-4 battalion or brigade logistics staff officer (Army; Marine 

 Corps battalion or regiment) 

SA security assistance; selective availability (GPS); senior 

 adviser; situational awareness; staging area; stand-alone 

 switch 

SAA senior airfield authority 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-139 

SAAFR standard use Army aircraft flight route 

SAAM special assignment airlift mission 

SAB scientific advisory board (USAF) 

SABER situational awareness beacon with reply 

SAC special actions cell; special agent in charge; supporting 

 arms coordinator 

SACC supporting arms coordination center 

SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (NATO) 

SACLANT Supreme Allied Command, Atlantic 

SACS secure telephone unit (STU) access control system 

SACT Supreme Allied Commander Transformation 

SADC sector air defense commander 

SADL situation awareness data link 

SADO senior air defense officer

SAF Secretary of the Air Force 

SAFE secure analyst file environment; selected area for evasion; 

 sexual assault forensic examination 

SAFE-CP selected area for evasion-contact point 

SAFER evasion and recovery selected area for evasion (SAFE) 

 area activation request 

SAFWIN secure Air Force weather information network 

SAG surface action group 

SAI sea-to-air interface; single agency item 

SAL small arms locker 

SAL-GP semiactive laser-guided projectile (USN) 

SALM single-anchor leg mooring 

SALT supporting arms liaison team 

SALTS streamlined automated logistics transfer system; 

 streamlined automated logistics transmission system 

SALUTE size, activity, location, unit, time, and equipment 

SAM special airlift mission; surface-to-air missile 

SAMM security assistance management manual 

SAMS School of Advanced Military Studies 

SAO security assistance office; security assistance officer; 

 selected attack option 

SAOC sector air operations center 

SAP special access program 

SAPI special access program for intelligence 

SAPO subarea petroleum office 

SAPR sexual assault prevention and response 

SAR satellite access request; search and rescue; site access 

 request; special access requirement; suspicious activity 

 report; synthetic aperture radar 

SARC sexual assault response coordinator; surveillance and 

 reconnaissance center 

SARDOT search and rescue point 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-140 JP 1-02 

SARIR search and rescue incident report 

SARMIS search and rescue management information system 

SARNEG search and rescue numerical encryption group 

SAROPS Search and Rescue Optimal Planning System

SARREQ search and rescue request 

SARSAT search and rescue satellite-aided tracking 

SARSIT search and rescue situation summary report 

SARTEL search and rescue (SAR) telephone (private hotline) 

SARTF search and rescue task force 

SAS sealed authenticator system; special ammunition storage 

SASP special ammunition supply point 

SASS supporting arms special staff 

SASSY supported activities supply systems 

SAT satellite 

SATCOM satellite communications 

SAW surface acoustic wave 

SB standby base 

SBCT Stryker brigade combat team 

SBIRS space-based infrared system 

SBL space-based laser 

SBPO Service blood program officer 

SBR special boat squadron 

SBRPT subordinate reporting organization 

SBS senior battle staff; support battle staff 

SBSS science-based stockpile stewardship 

SBT special boat team 

SBSO sustainment brigade special operations 

SBU special boat unit 

SC sea current; search and rescue coordinator; security 

 cooperation; station clock; strategic communication 

SCA space coordinating authority; support to civil 

 administration 

SCAR strike coordination and reconnaissance 

SCAS stability control augment system 

SCATANA security control of air traffic and navigation aids 

SC ATLANTIC Strategic Command, Atlantic (NATO) 

SCATMINE scatterable mine 

SCATMINEWARN scatterable minefield warning 

SCC security classification code; service cryptologic 

 Component; shipping coordination center; 

 Standards Coordinating Committee 

SCC-WMD United States Strategic Command Center for Combating 

 Weapons of Mass Destruction 

SCDL surveillance control data link 

SCE Service cryptologic element 

SC EUROPE Strategic Command, Europe (NATO) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-141 

SCF(UK) Save the Children Fund (United Kingdom) 

SCF(US) Save the Children Federation (United States) 

SCG Security Cooperation Guidance; switching controller group 

SCI security and counterintelligence interviews; 

 sensitive compartmented information 

SCIF sensitive compartmented information facility 

SCL standard conventional load 

SCM security countermeasure; Service container manager 

SCMP strategic command, control, and communications (C3) 

 master plan 

SCNE self-contained navigation equipment 

SCO secondary control officer; security cooperation 

 organization; senior contracting official; state 

 coordinating officer 

SCOC systems control and operations concept 

SCONUM ship control number 

SCP secure conferencing project; security cooperation plan; 

 service control point; system change proposal 

SCPT strategic connectivity performance test 

SCRB software configuration review board 

S/CRS Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction 

 and Stabilization (DOS) 

SCT shipping coordination team; single channel transponder 

S/CT Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (DOS) 

SCTIS single channel transponder injection system 

SCTS single channel transponder system 

SCT-UR single channel transponder ultrahigh frequency (UHF) 

 receiver 

SCUD surface-to-surface missile system 

SD strategy division 

SDA Seventh-Day Adventist (ADRA) 

S-day day the President authorizes selective reserve call-up 

SDB Satellite Communications Database 

SDDC Surface Deployment and Distribution Command 

SDDCTEA Surface Deployment and Distribution Command 

 Transportation Engineering Agency 

SDF self defense force 

SDIO Strategic Defense Initiative Organization 

SDLS satellite data link standards 

SDMX space division matrix 

SDN system development notification 

SDNRIU secure digital net radio interface unit 

SDO senior defense official; ship’s debarkation officer 

SDO/DATT senior defense official/defense attaché

SDP strategic distribution platform 

SDR system design review 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-142 JP 1-02 

SDSG space division switching group 

SDSM space division switching matrix 

SDV SEAL team delivery vehicle; submerged delivery vehicle 

SE site exploitation; spherical error 

SEA Southeast Asia 

SEABEE sea barge 

Seabee Navy construction engineer 

SEAD suppression of enemy air defenses 

SEC submarine element coordinator 

SECAF Secretary of the Air Force 

SECARMY Secretary of the Army 

SecDef Secretary of Defense 

SECDHS Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security 

SECHS Secretary of Homeland Security 

SECNAV Secretary of the Navy 

SECNAVINST Secretary of the Navy instruction 

SECOMP secure en route communications package 

SECORD secure cord switchboard 

SECRA secondary radar data only 

SECSTATE Secretary of State 

SECTRANS Secretary of Transportation 

SED signals external data 

SEDAS spurious emission detection acquisition system 

SEF sealift enhancement feature 

SEHS special events for homeland security 

SEI specific emitter identification 

SEL senior enlisted leader 

SEL REL selective release 

SELRES Selected Reserve 

SEMA special electronic mission aircraft 

SEMS standard embarkation management system 

SEO/SEP special enforcement operation/special enforcement 

 program 

SEP signal entrance panel; spherical error probable 

SEPLO state emergency preparedness liaison officer 

SERE survival, evasion, resistance, and escape 

SERER survival, evasion, resistance, escape, recovery 

SES senior executive service 

SETA system engineering and technical assistance 

SEW shared early warning 

S/EWCC signals intelligence/electronic warfare coordination center 

SEWG Special Events Working Group 

SEWOC signals intelligence/electronic warfare operations centre 

 (NATO) 

SEWS satellite early warning system 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-143 

SF security force; security forces (Air Force or Navy); single 

 frequency; special forces; standard form 

SFA security force assistance 

SFAF standard frequency action format 

SFAT spectrum flyaway team

SFC single-fuel concept 

SFCP shore fire control party 

SFG security forces group; special forces group 

SFI spectral composition 

SFLEO senior federal law enforcement official 

SFMS special forces medical sergeant 

SFOD-A/B/C special forces operational detachment-A/B/C 

SFOR Stabilization Force 

SFS security forces squadron 

SG strike group; supergroup; Surgeon General 

SGEMP system-generated electromagnetic pulse 

SGS strategic guidance statement

SGSA squadron group systems advisor 

SGXM Headquarters, Air Mobility Command/Surgeon 

SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe 

SHD special handling designator 

SHF super-high frequency 

SHORAD short-range air defense 

SHORADEZ short-range air defense engagement zone 

SI special intelligence; United States Strategic Command 

 strategic instruction 

SIA station of initial assignment 

SIAGL survey instrument azimuth gyroscope lightweight 

SIC subject identification code; supporting intelligence center 

SICO sector interface control officer 

SID standard instrument departure 

SIDAC single integrated damage analysis capability 

SIDL standard intelligence documents list 

SIDO senior intelligence duty officer 

SIDS secondary imagery dissemination system 

SIF selective identification feature; strategic internment facility 

SIG signal 

SIGINT signals intelligence 

SIGSEC signal security 

SII statement of intelligence interest 

SIM system impact message 

SIMLM single integrated medical logistics management; single 

 integrated medical logistics manager 

SINCGARS single-channel ground and airborne radio system 

SINS ship’s inertial navigation system 

SIO senior intelligence officer; special information operations 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-144 JP 1-02 

SIOP Single Integrated Operational Plan 

SIOP-ESI Single Integrated Operational Plan-Extremely Sensitive 

 Information 

SIPRNET SECRET Internet Protocol Router Network 

SIR serious incident report; specific information requirement 

SIRADS stored imagery repository and dissemination system 

SIRMO senior information resources management official 

SIS special information systems 

SITLM single integrated theater logistic manager 

SITREP situation report 

SIV special interest vessel 

SJA staff judge advocate 

SJFHQ standing joint force headquarters 

SJFHQ(CE) standing joint force headquarters (core element) 

SJFHQ-N Standing Joint Force Headquarters - North 

SJS Secretary, Joint Staff 

SKE station-keeping equipment 

SL sea level; switch locator 

SLA service level agreement; special leave accrual 

SLAM stand-off land attack missile 

SLAR side-looking airborne radar 

SLBM submarine-launched ballistic missile 

SLC satellite laser communications; single line concept 

SLCM sea-launched cruise missile 

SLCP ship lighterage control point; ship’s loading 

 characteristics pamphlet 

SLD system link designator 

SLEP service life extension program 

SLGR small, lightweight ground receiver (GPS) 

SLIT serial-lot item tracking 

SLO space liaison officer 

SLOC sea line of communications 

SLP seaward launch point 

SLWT side loadable warping tug 

SM Secretary, Joint Staff, memorandum; Service manager; 

 spectrum management; staff memorandum; system 

 manager 

SMA special military information support operations assessment 

SMART special medical augmentation response team 

SMART-AIT special medical augmentation response - aeromedical 

 isolation team 

SMB spectrum management branch

SMC midpoint compromise track spacing; search and rescue 

 mission coordinator; system master catalog 

SMCA single manager for conventional ammunition 

SMCC strategic mobile command center 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-145 

SMCM surface mine countermeasures 

SMCOO spectrum management concept of operations 

SMCR Selected Marine Corps Reserve 

SMD strategic missile defense 

SMDC Space & Missile Defense Command (Army) 

SMDC/ARSTRAT United States Army Space and Missile Defense 

 Command/United States Army Forces Strategic 

 Command

SME subject matter expert 

SMEB significant military exercise brief 

SMEO small end office 

SMFT semi-trailer mounted fabric tank 

SMI security management infrastructure 

SMIO search and rescue (SAR) mission information officer 

SMO senior meteorological and oceanographic officer; 

 strategic mobility office(r); support to military 

 operations 

SMP sub-motor pool 

SMPT School of Military Packaging Technology 

SMRC Specialized Medical Response Capabilities

SMRI service message routing indicator 

SMS single mobility system; special military information 

 support operations study 

SMTP simple message transfer protocol 

SMU special mission unit; supported activities supply system 

 (SASSY) management unit 

S/N signal to noise 

SN serial number

SNCO staff noncommissioned officer 

SNF strategic nuclear forces 

SNIE special national intelligence estimates 

SNLC Senior North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

 Logisticians Conference 

SNM system notification message 

SNOI signal not of interest 

SO safety observer; special operations 

SOA separate operating agency; 

 special operations aviation (Army); status of action; 

 sustained operations ashore 

SOAF status of action file 

SOAGS special operations air-ground system 

SOC security operations center; special operations commander; 

 special operations component 

SOCA special operations communications assembly 

SOCC Sector Operations Control Center (NORAD) 

SOCCE special operations command and control element 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-146 JP 1-02 

SOCCENT Special Operations Component, United States Central 

 Command 

SOCCET special operations critical care evacuation team 

SOCCT special operations combat control team 

SOCEUR Special Operations Component, United States European 

 Command 

SOCEX special operations capable exercise 

SOCJFCOM Special Operations Command, Joint Forces Command 

SOCM special operations combat medic 

SOCOORD special operations coordination element 

SOCP special operations communication package 

SOCPAC Special Operations Component, United States Pacific 

 Command 

SOCRATES Special Operations Command, Research, Analysis, and 

 Threat Evaluation System 

SOCSOUTH Special Operations Component, United States Southern 

 Command 

SOD special operations division; strategy and options decision 

 (Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System) 

SODARS special operations debrief and retrieval system 

SOE special operations executive 

SOF special operations forces; supervisor of flying 

SOFA status-of-forces agreement 

SOFAR sound fixing and ranging 

SOFLAM special operations laser marker 

SOFME special operations forces medical element 

SOFSA special operations forces support activity 

SOG special operations group 

SOI signal of interest; signal operating instructions; space 

 object identification 

SOIC senior officer of the intelligence community 

SOJTF special operations joint task force 

SOLAS safety of life at sea 

SOLE special operations liaison element 

SOLIS signals intelligence (SIGINT) On-line Information System 

SOLL special operations low-level 

SOM satellite communications (SATCOM) operational 

 manager; start of message; system operational manager 

SOMA status of mission agreement 

SOMARDS Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and 

 Development System 

SOMARDS NT Standard Operation and Maintenance Army Research and 

 Development System Non-Technical 

SOMPF special operations mission planning folder 

SONMET special operations naval mobile environment team 

SoO ship of opportunity 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-147 

SOOP Center for Operations, Plans, and Policy 

SOP standard operating procedure; standing operating 

 procedure 

SO-peculiar special operations-peculiar 

SOR statement of requirement 

SORTIEALOT sortie allotment message 

SORTS Status of Resources and Training System 

SOS special operations squadron 

SOSB special operations support battalion 

SOSC special operations support command (theater army) 

SOSCOM special operations support command 

SOSE special operations staff element 

SOSG station operations support group 

SOSR suppress, obscure, secure, and reduce 

SOST special operations support team 

SOTA signals intelligence operational tasking authority 

SOTF special operations task force 

SOTSE special operations theater support element 

SOUTHAF Southern Command Air Forces 

SOUTHROC Southern Region Operational Center (USSOUTHCOM) 

SOW special operations wing; standoff weapon; statement of 

 work 

SOWT special operations weather team 

SP security police 

SPA submarine patrol area 

SPACEAF Space Air Forces 

SPACECON control of space information 

SPCC ships parts control center (USN) 

SPEAR strike protection evaluation and antiair research 

SPEC specified 

SPECAT special category 

SPECWAR special warfare 

SPG Strategic Planning Guidance 

SPI special investigative (USAF) 

SPINS special instructions 

SPINTCOMM special intelligence communications handling system 

SPIREP spot intelligence report 

SPLX simplex 

SPM service postal manager; single point mooring; single port 

 manager 

SPO system program office 

SPOC search and rescue (SAR) points of contact; space command 

 operations center 

SPOD seaport of debarkation 

SPOE seaport of embarkation 

SPOT Synchronized Predeployment and Operational Tracker
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-148 JP 1-02 

SPOTREP spot report 

SPP Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America; shared 

 production program; state partnership program 

SPR software problem report 

SPRINT special psychiatric rapid intervention team 

SPS standard positioning service 

SPSC system planning and system control 

SPTCONF support confirmation 

SPTD CMD supported command 

SPTG CMD supporting command 

SPTREQ support request 

sqft square feet 

SR special reconnaissance 

SRA specialized-repair activity 

SRAM short-range air-to-surface attack missile; system 

 replacement and modernization 

SRB software release bulletin; system review board (JOPES) 

SRBM short-range ballistic missile 

SRC security risk category; service reception center; Single 

 Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) response cell; 

 standard requirements code; survival recovery center 

SRCC service reserve coordination center 

SRF secure Reserve force 

SRG Seabee readiness group; short-range aircraft 

SRI surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence (Marine 

 Corps) 

SRIG surveillance, reconnaissance, and intelligence group 

 (USMC) 

S/RM sustainment, restoration, and modernization 

SROC Senior Readiness Oversight Council; Southern Region 

 Operational Center, United States Southern Command 

SROE standing rules of engagement 

SRP sealift reserve program; seaward recovery point; 

 Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) 

 reconnaissance plan 

SRP/PDS stabilization reference package/position determining 

 system 

SRR search and rescue region 

SRS search and rescue sector 

SRSG special representative of the Secretary-General 

SRT scheduled return time; special reaction team; standard 

 remote terminal; strategic relocatable target 

SRTD signals research and target development 

S/RTF search and recovery task force 

SRU search and rescue unit 

SR-UAV short-range unmanned aerial vehicle 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-149 

SRUF standing rules for the use of force 

SRWBR short range wide band radio 

S/S steamship 

SS submarine 

SSA software support activity; space situational awareness; 

 special support activity (NSA); strapdown sensor 

 assembly; supply support activity; supply support area 

SSB single side band; support services branch; surveillance 

 support branch 

SSB-SC single sideband-suppressed carrier 

SSC small scale contingency; special security center 

 surveillance support center 

SSCO shipper’s service control office 

SSCRA Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act 

SSD strategic studies detachment 

SSE satellite communications (SATCOM) systems expert; 

 space support element 

SSF software support facility 

SSI standing signal instruction 

SSM surface-to-surface missile 

SSMI special sensor microwave imager 

SSMS single shelter message switch 

SSN attack submarine, nuclear; Social Security number; space 

 surveillance network 

SS (number) sea state (number) 

SSO special security office(r); spot security office 

SSP signals intelligence (SIGINT) support plan 

SSPM single-service postal manager 

SSPO strategic systems program office 

SSR security sector reform 

SSS Selective Service System; shelter subsystem 

SSSC surface, subsurface search surveillance coordination 

SST special support team (National Security Agency) 

SSTR stability, security, transition, and reconstruction 

ST short ton; small tug; strike team 

S/T short ton 

ST&E security test and evaluation 

STA system tape A 

STAB space tactical awareness brief 

STA clk station clock 

STAMMIS standard Army multi-command management information 

 system 

STAMP standard air munitions package (USAF) 

STANAG standardization agreement (NATO) 

STANAVFORLANT Standing Naval Forces, Atlantic (NATO) 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-150 JP 1-02 

STAR scheduled theater airlift route; sensitive target approval and 

 review; standard attribute reference; standard terminal 

 arrival route; surface-to-air recovery; system threat 

 assessment report 

STARC state area coordinators 

STARS Standard Accounting and Reporting System 

START Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty 

STARTEX start of exercise 

STB super tropical bleach 

STC secondary traffic channel 

STD sexually transmitted disease 

STDM synchronous time division multiplexer 

STE secure telephone equipment 

S-Team staff augmentation team 

STEL STU III Standford telecommunications (secure telephone) 

STEP software test and evaluation program; standardized tactical 

 entry point; standard tool for employment planning 

STG seasonal target graphic 

STICS scalable transportable intelligence communications system 

STO special technical operations 

STOC special technical operations coordinator 

STOD special technical operations division 

STOL short takeoff and landing 

STOMPS stand-alone tactical operational message processing system 

STON short ton 

STOVL short takeoff and vertical landing aircraft 

STP security technical procedure 

STR strength 

STRAPP standard tanks, racks and pylons packages (USAF) 

STRATOPS strategic operations division 

STREAM standard tensioned replenishment alongside method 

STS special tactics squadron 

STT small tactical terminal; special tactics team 

STU secure telephone unit 

STU-III secure telephone unit III 

STW strike warfare 

STWC strike warfare commander 

STX start of text 

SU search unit 

SUBJ subject 

sub-JIB subordinate-joint information bureau 

SUBOPAUTH submarine operating authority 

sub-PIC subordinate-press information center 

SUBROC submarine rocket 

SUC surf current 

SUIC service unit identification code 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-151 

SUMMITS scenario unrestricted mobility model of intratheater 

 simulation 

SUPE supervisory commands program 

SUPP supplement

SUPPO supply officer

SURG surgeon 

SUROBS surf observation 

SURPIC surface picture 

SUST BDE sustainment brigade 

SUW surface warfare 

SUWC surface warfare commander 

S/V sailboat 

SVC Service; stored value card 

SVIP secure voice improvement program 

SVLTU service line termination unit 

SVR surface vessel radar 

SVS secure voice system 

Sw switch 

SWA Southwest Asia 

SWAT special weapons and tactics 

SWBD switchboard 

SWC strike warfare commander; swell/wave current 

SWI special weather intelligence 

SWO staff weather officer 

SWORD submarine warfare operations research division 

SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center

SWSOCC Southwest Sector Operation Control Center North 

 American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 

SWXS Space Weather Squadron 

SXXI SPECTRUM XXI

SXXI-O SPECTRUM XXI-Online

SYDP six year defense plan 

SYG Secretary-General (UN) 

SYNC synchronization 

SYS system 

SYSCOM systems command

SYSCON systems control 

SZ surf zone 

T 

2-D two-dimensional 

2E Role 2 enhanced 

2LM Role 2 light maneuver 

3-D three-dimensional 

T search time available; short ton; trackline pattern 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-152 JP 1-02 

T&DE test and diagnostic equipment 

T&E test and evaluation 

T2 technology transfer 

TA target acquisition; target audience; technical arrangement; 

 theater Army; threat assessment 

TAA tactical assembly area; target audience analysis 

TAACOM theater Army area command 

TAADS The Army Authorization Document System 

TAAMDCOORD theater Army air and missile defense coordinator 

TAB tactical air base 

TAC tactical advanced computer; terminal access controller; 

 terminal attack control; terminal attack controller 

TAC(A) tactical air coordinator (airborne) 

TACAIR tactical air 

TACAMO take charge and move out (E-6A/B aircraft) 

TACAN tactical air navigation 

TACC tactical air command center (USMC); 

 tactical air control center (USN) 

TAC-D tactical deception 

TACDAR tactical detection and reporting 

TACINTEL tactical intelligence 

TACLAN tactical local area network 

TACLOG tactical-logistical 

TACM tactical air command manual 

TACO theater allied contracting office 

TACON tactical control 

TACOPDAT tactical operational data 

TA/CP technology assessment/control plan 

TACP tactical air control party 

TACRON tactical air control squadron 

T-ACS auxiliary crane ship 

TACS tactical air control system; theater air control system 

TACSAT tactical satellite 

TACSIM tactical simulation 

TACSTANS tactical standards 

TACT tactical aviation control team 

TACTRAGRULANT Tactical Training Group, Atlantic 

TAD tactical air direction; temporary additional duty 

 (non-unit-related personnel); theater air defense; time 

 available for delivery 

TADC tactical air direction center 

TADCS tactical airborne digital camera system 

TADS Tactical Air Defense System; target acquisition system 

 and designation sight 

TAES theater aeromedical evacuation system 

TAF tactical air force 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-153 

TAFDS tactical airfield fuel dispensing system 

TAFIM technical architecture framework for information 

 management 

TAFS tactical aerodrome forecasts 

TAFT technical assistance field team 

TAG technical assessment group; technical assistance group; 

 the adjutant general; Tomahawk land-attack missile 

 aimpoint graphic 

T-AGOS tactical auxiliary general ocean surveillance 

TAGS theater air-ground system 

T-AH hospital ship 

TAI target area of interest; total active inventory 

TAIS transportation automated information systems 

TAK cargo ship 

T-AKR fast logistics ship 

TALD tactical air-launched decoy 

TALON Threat and Local Observation Notice 

TAMCA theater Army movement control agency 

TAMCO theater Army movement control center 

TAMD theater air and missile defense 

TAMMC theater army material management command 

TAMMIS theater Army medical management information system 

TAMS transportation analysis, modeling, and simulation 

tanalt tangent altitude 

TAO tactical action officer 

TAOC tactical air operations center (USMC) 

TAP troopship 

TAR tactical air request; Training and Administration of the 

 Reserve 

TARBS transportable amplitude modulation and frequency 

 modulation radio broadcast system 

TARBUL target bulletin 

TARE tactical record evaluation 

TAREX target exploitation; target plans and operations 

TARS tethered aerostat radar system 

TARWI target weather and intelligence 

TAS tactical atmospheric summary; true air speed 

T-ASA Television Audio Support Agency 

TASCID tactical Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) satellite 

 compensation interface device 

TASCO tactical automatic switch control officer 

TASIP tailored analytic intelligence support to individual 

 electronic warfare and command and control warfare 

 projects 

TASKORD tasking order 

TASMO tactical air support for maritime operations 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-154 JP 1-02 

TASOSC theater Army special operations support command 

TASS tactical automated security system; tactical automated 

 switch system 

TASWC theater antisubmarine warfare commander

TAT tactical analysis team; technical assistance team 

TATC tactical air traffic control 

T-AVB aviation logistics support ship 

TAW tactical airlift wing 

TBD to be determined 

TBM tactical ballistic missile; theater ballistic missile 

TBMCS theater battle management core system 

TBMD theater ballistic missile defense 

TBP to be published 

TBSL to be supplied later 

TBTC transportable blood transshipment center 

TC tidal current; transmit clock and/or telemetry combiner; 

 training circular; Transportation Corps (Army) 

TCA terminal control area; time of closest approach; traditional 

 combatant commander activity 

TC-ACCIS Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Command and 

 Control Information System 

TC-AIMS Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Information for 

 Movement System 

TC-AIMS II Transportation Coordinator’s Automated Information for 

 Movement System II 

TCAM theater Army medical management information system 

 (TAMMIS) customer assistance module 

TCC transmission control code; transportation component 

 command 

TCCF tactical communications control facility 

TCEM theater contingency engineering management 

TCF tactical combat force; technical control facility 

TCM theater construction manager; theater container manager 

TCMD transportation control and movement document 

TCN third country national; transportation control number; 

 troop contributing nations 

TCP theater campaign plan 

TCS theater communications system 

TCSEC trusted computer system evaluation criteria 

TCSP theater consolidation and shipping point 

TD temporary duty; theater distribution; tie down; timing 

 distributor; total drift; transmit data 

TDA Table of Distribution and Allowance 

TDAD Table of Distribution and Allowance (TDA) designation 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-155 

T-day effective day coincident with Presidential declaration of a 

 National Emergency and authorization of partial 

 mobilization 

TDBM technical database management 

TDBSS Theater Defense Blood Standard System 

TDC target development cell

TDD target desired ground zero (DGZ) designator; 

 time-definite delivery 

TDF tactical digital facsimile 

TDIC time division interface controller 

TDIG time division interface group 

TDIM time division interface module 

TDL tactical data link 

TDM time division multiplexed 

TDMA time division multiple access 

TDMC theater distribution management cell 

TDMF time division matrix function 

TDMM time division memory module 

TDMX time division matrix 

TDN tactical data network; target development nomination 

TDP theater distribution plan 

TDR transportation discrepancy report 

TDRC theater detainee reporting center

TDSG time division switching group 

TDSGM time division switching group modified 

TDT theater display terminal 

TDY temporary duty 

TE transaction editor 

TEA Transportation Engineering Agency 

TEC theater engineer command 

tech technical 

TECHCON technical control 

TECHDOC technical documentation 

TECHELINT technical electronic intelligence 

TECHEVAL technical evaluation 

TECHINT technical intelligence 

TECHOPDAT technical operational data 

TECS II Treasury Enforcement Communications System 

TED trunk encryption device 

TEDAC Terrorist Explosive Device Analytical Center (FBI)

TEK TeleEngineering Kit 

TEL transporter-erector-launcher 

TELEX teletype 

TELINT telemetry intelligence 

TELNET telecommunication network 

TEMPER tent extendible modular personnel 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-156 JP 1-02 

TENCAP tactical exploitation of national capabilities program 

TEO team embarkation officer 

TEOB tactical electronic order of battle 

TEP test and evaluation plan; theater engagement plan 

TERCOM terrain contour matching 

TERF terrain flight 

TERPES tactical electronic reconnaissance processing and 

 evaluation system 

TERPROM terrain profile matching 

TERS tactical event reporting system 

TES theater event system 

TESS Tactical Environmental Support System 

TET targeting effects team 

TETK TeleEngineering Toolkit 

TEU technical escort unit; twenty-foot equivalent unit 

TEWLS Theater Enterprise Wide Logistics System 

TF task force 

TFA toxic free area 

TFADS Table Formatted Aeronautic Data Set 

TFCICA task force counterintelligence coordinating authority 

TFE tactical field exchange; threat finance exploitation; 

 transportation feasibility estimator 

TFLIR targeting forward-looking infrared 

TFMS-M Transportation Financial Management System-Military 

TFR temporary flight restriction 

TFS tactical fighter squadron; Tactical Forecast System 

TG task group 

TGC trunk group cluster 

TGEN table generate 

TGM terminally guided munitions; trunk group multiplexer 

TGMOW transmission group module and/or orderwire 

TGO terminal guidance operations 

TGT target 

TGTINFOREP target information report 

TGU trunk compatibility unit 

THAAD Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

THT tactical human intelligence team

TI threat identification; training instructor 

TIA theater intelligence assessment

TIAP theater intelligence architecture program 

TIB theater intelligence brigade; toxic industrial biological 

TIBS tactical information broadcast service 

TIC target information center; toxic industrial chemical 

TIDE Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment

TIDP technical interface design plan 

TIDS tactical imagery dissemination system 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-157 

TIF theater internment facility

TIFF tagged image file format 

TII total inactive inventory 

TIM theater information management; toxic industrial material 

TIO target intelligence officer 

TIP target intelligence package; trafficking in persons 

TIPG telephone interface planning guide 

TIPI tactical information processing interpretation 

TIPS tactical optical surveillance system (TOSS) imagery 

 processing system 

TIR toxic industrial radiological 

TIROS television infrared observation satellite 

TIS technical interface specification; thermal imaging system 

TISG technical interoperability standards group 

TISS thermal imaging sensor system 

TJAG the judge advocate general 

T-JMC theater-joint movement center 

T-JTB theater-joint transportation board 

TJTN theater joint tactical network 

TL team leader 

TLAM Tomahawk land attack missile 

TLAMM theater lead agent for medical materiel 

TLAM/N Tomahawk land attack missile/nuclear 

TLC traffic load control 

TLE target location error 

TLM topographic line map 

TLP transmission level point 

TLR trailer 

TLX teletype 

TM tactical missile; target materials; team member; technical 

 manual; TROPO modem 

TMAO theater mortuary affairs office; theater mortuary affairs 

 officer 

TMB tactical military information support operations battalion 

TMD tactical munitions dispenser; theater missile defense 

TMEP theater mortuary evacuation point 

TMG timing 

TMIP theater medical information program 

TMIS theater medical information system 

TML terminal 

TMLMC theater medical logistic management center 

TMMMC theater medical materiel management center 

TMN trackline multiunit non-return 

TMO traffic management office; transportation management 

 office 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-158 JP 1-02 

TMP target materials program; telecommunications 

 management program; theater manpower forces 

TMR trackline multiunit return 

T/M/S type, model, and/or series (also as TMS) 

TNAPS tactical network analysis and planning system 

TNAPS+ tactical network analysis and planning system plus 

TNC theater network operations center 

TNCC theater network operations control center 

TNCO transnational criminal organization 

T-net training net 

TNF theater nuclear force 

TNL target nomination list 

T/O table of organization 

TO technical order; theater of operations 

TO&E table of organization and equipment 

TOA table of allowance 

TOC tanker airlift control center (TALCE) operations center 

TOCU tropospheric scatter (TROPO) orderwire control unit 

TOD tactical ocean data; time of day 

TOE table of organization and equipment 

TOF time of flight 

TOFC trailer on flatcar 

TOH top of hill 

TOI track of interest 

TOPINT technical operational intelligence 

TOR term of reference; time of receipt 

TOS time on station 

TOSS tactical optical surveillance system 

TOT time on target 

TOW tube launched, optically tracked, wire guided 

TP technical publication; transportation priority; turn point 

TPC tactical pilotage chart 

TPC/PC tactical pilotage chart and/or pilotage chart 

TPED tasking, processing, exploitation, and dissemination; 

 theater personal effects depot 

TPERS type personnel element 

TPFDD time-phased force and deployment data 

TPFDL time-phased force and deployment list 

TPL technical publications list; telephone private line 

TPME task, purpose, method, and effects 

TPMRC theater patient movement requirements center 

TPO task performance observation 

TPRC theater planning response cell 

TPT tactical petroleum terminal 

TPTRL time-phased transportation requirements list 

TPU tank pump unit 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-159 

TQ tactical questioning

TRA technical review authority 

TRAC2ES transportation command regulating and command and 

 control evacuation system 

TRACON terminal radar approach control facility 

TRADOC United States Army Training and Doctrine Command 

TRAM target recognition attack multisensor 

Trans BDE transportation brigade

Trans Det RPO transportation detachment rapid port opening

TRANSEC transmission security 

TRAP tactical recovery of aircraft and personnel (Marine Corps); 

 tactical related applications; tanks, racks, adapters, and 

 pylons; terrorism research and analysis program 

TRC tactical radio communication; threat reduction 

 cooperation; transmission release code 

TRCC tactical record communications center 

TRE tactical receive equipment 

TREAS Department of the Treasury 

TREE transient radiation effects on electronics 

TRIADS Tri-Wall Aerial Distribution System 

TRICON triple container 

TRI-TAC Tri-Service Tactical Communications Program 

TRK truck; trunk 

TRNG training 

TRO training and readiness oversight 

TROPO troposphere; tropospheric scatter 

TRP target reference point 

TRS tactical reconnaissance squadron 

TS terminal service; top secret 

TSA target system analysis; theater storage area; Transportation 

 Security Administration; travel security advisory 

TSB technical support branch; trunk signaling buffer 

TSBn transportation support battalion (USMC) 

TSC theater security cooperation; theater support command; 

 theater sustainment command (Army) 

TSCIF tactical sensitive compartmented information facility 

TSCM technical surveillance countermeasures 

TSCO target selection confusion of the operator; top secret 

 control officer 

TSCP theater security cooperation plan 

TSCR time sensitive collection requirement 

TSE tactical support element 

TSEC transmission security 

TSG targeting support group; test signal generator 

TSGCE tri-Service group on communications and electronics 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-160 JP 1-02 

TSGCEE tri-Service group on communications and electronic 

 equipment (NATO) 

TSM trunk signaling message 

TSN trackline single-unit non-return; track supervision net 

TSO technical standard order; telecommunications service order 

TSOC theater special operations command 

TSP telecommunications service priority 

TSR telecommunications service request; theater source registry; 

 theater support representative; trackline single-unit return 

TSS tactical shelter system; target sensing system; timesharing 

 system; time signal set; traffic service station 

TSSP tactical satellite signal processor 

TSSR tropospheric scatter (TROPO)-satellite support radio 

TST tactical support team; terminal support team; theater 

 support team; time-sensitive target 

TSWA temporary secure working area 

TT terminal transfer 

TT&C telemetry, tracking, and commanding 

TTB transportation terminal battalion 

TTD tactical terrain data; technical task directive 

TTFACOR targets, threats, friendlies, artillery, clearance, ordnance, 

 restrictions 

TTG thermally tempered glass 

TTL transistor-transistor logic 

TTM threat training manual; training target material 

TTP tactics, techniques, and procedures; trailer transfer point 

TTR tactical training range 

TTT time to target 

TTU transportation terminal unit 

TTY teletype 

TUBA transition unit box assembly 

TUCHA type unit characteristics file 

TUCHAREP type unit characteristics report 

TUDET type unit equipment detail file 

TV television 

TVA Tennessee Valley Authority 

TW/AA tactical warning and attack assessment 

TWC Office for Counterterrorism Analysis (DIA); total water 

 current 

TWCF Transportation Working Capital Fund 

TWCM theater wartime construction manager 

TWD transnational warfare counterdrug analysis 

TWDS tactical water distribution system 

TWI Office for Information Warfare Support (DIA) 

TWPL teletypewriter private line 

TWX teletypewriter exchange 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-161 

TX transmitter; transmit 

TYCOM type commander 

U 

U wind speed 

UA unmanned aircraft 

UAOBS upper air observation 

UAR unconventional assisted recovery 

UARCC unconventional assisted recovery coordination cell 

UAS unmanned aircraft system 

UAV unmanned aerial vehicle 

U/C unit cost; upconverter 

UCFF Unit Type Code Consumption Factors File 

UCMJ Uniform Code of Military Justice 

UCP Unified Command Plan 

UCT underwater construction team 

UDAC unauthorized disclosure analysis center 

UDC unit descriptor code 

UDESC unit description 

UDL unit designation list 

UDP unit deployment program 

UDT underwater demolition team 

UE unit equipment 

UEWR upgraded early warning radar

UFAC Underground Facilities Analysis Center 

UFC Unified Facilities Criteria 

UFO ultrahigh frequency follow-on 

UFR unfunded requirement 

UGA ungoverned area

UGIRH Urban Generic Information Requirements Handbook 

UGM-84A Harpoon 

UGM-96A Trident I 

UGO unified geospatial-intelligence operations

UHF ultrahigh frequency 

UHV Upper Huallaga Valley 

UIC unit identification code 

UICIO unit identification code information officer 

UIRV unique interswitch rekeying variable 

UIS unit identification system 

UJTL Universal Joint Task List 

UK United Kingdom 

UK(I) United Kingdom and Ireland 

ULC unit level code 

ULF ultra low frequency 

ULLS unit level logistics system 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-162 JP 1-02 

ULN unit line number 

ULSD ultra-low sulfur diesel 

UMCC unit movement control center 

UMCM underwater mine countermeasures 

UMD unit manning document; unit movement data 

UMIB urgent marine information broadcast 

UMMIPS uniform material movement and issue priority system 

UMO unit movement officer 

UMPR unit manpower personnel record 

UMT unit ministry team 

UN United Nations 

UNAMIR United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda 

UNC United Nations Command 

UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 

UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 

UND urgency of need designator 

UNDAC United Nations disaster assessment and coordination 

UNDFS United Nations Department of Field Support 

UNDHA United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs 

UN-DMT United Nations disaster management team 

UNDP United Nations development programme 

UNDPKO United Nations Department for Peacekeeping Operations 

UNEF United Nations emergency force 

UNEP United Nations environment program 

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural 

 Organization 

UNHCHR United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 

UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for 

 Refugees 

UNHQ United Nations Headquarters 

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund 

UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 

UNIL unclassified national information library 

UNITAF unified task force 

UNITAR United Nations Institute for Training and Research 

UNITREP unit status and identity report 

UNJLC United Nations Joint Logistic Centre 

UNLOC United Nations logistic course 

UNMEM United Nations military expert on mission 

UNMIH United Nations Mission in Haiti 

UNMILPOC United Nations military police course 

UNMOC United Nations military observers course 

UNMOVCC United Nations movement control course 

UNO unit number 

UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of 

 Humanitarian Affairs 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-163 

UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 

UNODIR unless otherwise directed 

UNOSOM United Nations Operations in Somalia 

UNPA United Nations Participation Act 

UNPROFOR United Nations protection force 

UNREP underway replenishment 

UNREP CONSOL underway replenishment consolidation 

UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine 

 Refugees in the Near East 

UNSC United Nations Security Council 

UNSCR United Nations Security Council resolution 

UNSG United Nations Secretary-General 

UNSOC United Nations staff officers course 

UNTAC United Nations Transition Authority in Cambodia 

UNTSO United Nations Truce and Supervision Organization 

UNV United Nations volunteer 

UOF use of force

UP&TT unit personnel and tonnage table 

URDB user requirements database 

USA United States Army 

USAB United States Army barracks 

USACCSA United States Army Command and Control Support 

 Agency 

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers 

USACFSC United States Army Community and Family Support 

 Center 

USACHPPM United States Army Center for Health Promotion and 

 Preventive Medicine 

USACIDC United States Army Criminal Investigation Command 

USAEDS United States Atomic Energy Detection System

USAF United States Air Force 

USAFE United States Air Forces in Europe 

USAFEP United States Air Force, Europe pamphlet 

USAFLANT United States Air Force, Atlantic Command 

USAFR United States Air Force Reserve 

USAFRICOM United States Africa Command

USAFSOC United States Air Force, Special Operations Command 

USAFSOF United States Air Force, Special Operations Forces 

USAFSOS United States Air Force Special Operations School 

USAID United States Agency for International Development 

USAITAC United States Army Intelligence Threat Analysis Center 

USAJFKSWC United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare 

 Center 

USAMC United States Army Materiel Command 

USAMMA United States Army Medical Materiel Agency 

USAMPS United States Army Military Police School 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-164 JP 1-02 

USAMRICD United States Army Medical Research Institute of 

 Chemical Defense 

USAMRIID United States Army Medical Research Institute of 

 Infectious Diseases 

USAMRMC United States Army Medical Research and Materiel 

 Command 

USANCA United States Army Nuclear and Combating Weapons of 

 Mass Destruction Agency

USAO United States Attorney Office 

USAR United States Army Reserve 

USARCENT United States Army, Central Command 

USARDECOM United States Army Research, Development, and 

 Engineering Command

USAREUR United States Army, European Command 

USARIEM United States Army Research Institute of Environmental 

 Medicine 

USARJ United States Army, Japan 

USARNORTH United States Army Forces North 

USARPAC United States Army, Pacific Command 

USARSO United States Army, Southern Command 

USASOC United States Army Special Operations Command 

USB upper side band 

USBP United States Border Patrol 

USC United States Code; universal service contract 

USCENTAF United States Central Command Air Forces 

USCENTCOM United States Central Command 

USCG United States Coast Guard 

USCGR United States Coast Guard Reserve 

USCIS United States Citizenship and Immigration Services 

USCS United States Cryptologic System; United States 

 Customs Service 

USCYBERCOM United States Cyber Command 

USDA United States Department of Agriculture 

USD(A&T) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and 

 Technology 

USDAO United States defense attaché office 

USD(AT&L) Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, 

 and Logistics 

USD(C/CFO) Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller/Chief Financial 

 Officer) 

USDELMC United States Delegation to the NATO Military Committee 

USD(I) Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence 

USD(P) Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 

USD(P&R) Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness 

USD(R&E) Under Secretary of Defense for Research and 

 Engineering 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-165 

USELEMCMOC United States Element Cheyenne Mountain Operations 

 Center 

USELEMNORAD United States Element, North American Aerospace 

 Defense Command 

USERID user identification 

USERRA Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment 

 Rights Act 

USEUCOM United States European Command 

USFF United States Fleet Forces Command 

USFJ United States Forces, Japan 

USFK United States Forces, Korea 

USFORAZORES United States Forces, Azores 

USFS United States Forest Service 

USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service 

USG United States Government 

USGS United States Geological Survey 

USIA United States Information Agency 

USIC United States interdiction coordinator 

USIS United States Information Service 

USJFCOM United States Joint Forces Command 

USLANTFLT United States Atlantic Fleet 

USLO United States liaison office; United States liaison officer 

USMARFORCENT United States Marine Component, Central Command 

USMARFORLANT United States Marine Component, Atlantic Command 

USMARFORPAC United States Marine Component, Pacific Command 

USMARFORSOUTH United States Marine Component, Southern Command 

USMC United States Marine Corps 

USMCEB United States Military Communications-Electronics Board 

USMCR United States Marine Corps Reserve 

USMER United States merchant ship vessel locator reporting 

 system 

USMILGP United States military group 

USMILREP United States military representative 

USMOG-W United States Military Observer Group - Washington 

USMS United States Marshals Service 

USMTF United States message text format 

USMTM United States military training mission 

USN United States Navy 

USNAVCENT United States Naval Forces, Central Command 

USNAVEUR United States Naval Forces, Europe 

USNAVSO US Naval Forces Southern Command 

USNCB United States National Central Bureau (INTERPOL) 

USNMR United States National Military representative 

USNMTG United States North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 

 Military Terminology Group 

USNO United States Naval Observatory
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-166 JP 1-02 

USNORTHCOM United States Northern Command 

USNR United States Navy Reserve 

USNS United States Naval Ship 

USPACAF United States Air Forces, Pacific Command 

USPACFLT United States Pacific Fleet 

USPACOM United States Pacific Command 

USPFO(P&C) United States Property and Fiscal Office (Purchasing and 

 Contracting)

USPHS United States Public Health Service 

USPS United States Postal Service 

USREPMC United States representative to the military committee 

 (NATO) 

USSOCOM United States Special Operations Command 

USSOUTHAF United States Air Force, Southern Command 

USSOUTHCOM United States Southern Command 

USSS United States Secret Service (TREAS); United States 

 Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) System 

USSTRATCOM United States Strategic Command 

USTRANSCOM United States Transportation Command 

USUN United States Mission to the United Nations 

USW undersea warfare 

USW/USWC undersea warfare and/or undersea warfare commander 

USYG under secretary general 

UT1 unit trainer; Universal Time 

UTC Coordinated Universal Time; unit type code 

UTM universal transverse mercator 

UTO unit table of organization 

UTR underwater tracking range 

UUV unmanned underwater vehicle; unmanned underwater vessel 

UVEPROM ultraviolet erasable programmable read-only memory 

UW unconventional warfare 

UWOA unconventional warfare operating area 

UXO unexploded explosive ordnance; unexploded ordnance 

V 

V search and rescue unit ground speed; sector pattern; volt 

v velocity of target drift 

VA Veterans Administration; victim advocate; vulnerability 

 assessment 

V&A valuation and availability 

VAAP vulnerability assessment and assistance program 

VAC volts, alternating current 

VARVAL vessel arrival data, list of vessels available to marine safety 

 offices and captains of the port 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-167 

VAT B (weather) visibility (in miles), amount (of clouds, in 

 eighths), (height of cloud) top (in thousands of feet), 

 (height of cloud) base (in thousands of feet) 

VBIED vehicle-borne improvised explosive device 

VBS visit, board, search 

VBSS visit, board, search, and seizure 

VCC voice communications circuit 

VCG virtual coordination group 

VCJCS Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 

VCNOG Vice Chairman, Nuclear Operations Group 

VCO voltage controlled oscillator 

VCOPG Vice Chairman, Operations Planners Group 

VCR violent crime report 

VCXO voltage controlled crystal oscillator; voltage controlled 

 oscillator 

VDC volts, direct current 

VDJS Vice Director, Joint Staff 

VDL video downlink 

VDR voice digitization rate 

VDS video subsystem 

VDSD visual distress signaling device 

VDU visual display unit 

VDUC visual display unit controller 

VE vertical error 

VEE Venezuelan equine encephalitis

VEH vehicle; vehicular cargo 

VEO violent extremist organization 

VERTREP vertical replenishment 

VF voice frequency 

VFR visual flight rules 

VFS validating flight surgeon 

VFTG voice frequency telegraph 

VHF very high frequency 

VI visual information 

VICE advice 

VID visual identification; visual identification information 

 display 

VINSON encrypted ultrahigh frequency communications system 

VIP very important person; visual information processor 

VIRS verbally initiated release system 

VIS visual imaging system 

VISA Voluntary Intermodal Sealift Agreement 

VISOBS visual observer 

VIXS video information exchange system 

VLA vertical line array; visual landing aid 

VLF very low frequency 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-168 JP 1-02 

VLR very-long-range aircraft 

VLZ vertical landing zone 

VMap vector map 

VMAQ Marine tactical electronic warfare squadron 

VMC visual meteorological conditions 

VMF variable message format 

VMGR Marine aerial refueler and transport squadron 

VMI vendor managed inventory 

VNTK target vulnerability indicator designating degree of 

 hardness; susceptibility of blast; and K-factor 

VO validation office 

VOCODER voice encoder 

VOCU voice orderwire control unit 

VOD vertical onboard delivery 

VOL volunteer 

vol volume 

VOLS vertical optical landing system 

VOR very high frequency omnidirectional range station 

VORTAC very high frequency omnidirectional range station and/or 

 tactical air navigation 

VOX voice actuation (keying) 

VP video processor 

VPB version planning board 

VPD version planning document 

VPV virtual prime vendor 

VS sector single-unit 

VS&PT vehicle summary and priority table 

VSAT very small aperture terminal 

VSG virtual support group 

VSP voice selection panel 

VSR sector single-unit radar 

V/STOL vertical and/or short takeoff and landing aircraft 

VSW very shallow water 

VTA voluntary tanker agreement 

VTC video teleconferencing 

VTOL vertical takeoff and landing 

VTOL-UAV vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aerial vehicle 

VTS vessel traffic service 

VTT video teletraining 

VU volume unit 

VV&A verification, validation, and accreditation 

VV&C verification, validation, and certification 

VX nerve agent (O-Ethyl S-Diisopropylaminomethyl 

 Methylphosphonothiolate) 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-169 

W 

W sweep width 

w search subarea width 

WAAR Wartime Aircraft Activity Report 

WACBE World Area Code Basic Encyclopedia 

WADS Western Air Defense Sector 

WAGB icebreaker (USCG) 

WAI weather area of interest

WAN wide-area network 

WANGO World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations

WARM wartime reserve mode 

WARNORD warning order 

WARP web-based access and retrieval portal 

WAS wide area surveillance 

WASP war air service program 

WATCHCON watch condition 

WB wideband 

WBGTI wet bulb globe temperature index

WBIED waterborne improvised explosive device

WC wind current 

WCA water clearance authority 

WCCS Wing Command and Control System 

WCDO War Consumables Distribution Objective 

WCO World Customs Organization 

WCS weapons control status 

W-day declared by the President, W-day is associated with an 

 adversary decision to prepare for war 

WDCO well deck control officer 

WDT warning and display terminal 

WEAX weather facsimile 

WES weapon engagement status 

WETM weather team 

WEU Western European Union 

WEZ weapon engagement zone 

WFE warfighting environment 

WFP World Food Programme (UN) 

WG working group 

WGS Wideband Global Satellite Communications (SATCOM); 

 World Geodetic System 

WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 

WH wounded due to hostilities 

WHEC high-endurance cutter (USCG) 

WHNRS wartime host-nation religious support 

WHNS wartime host-nation support 

WHNSIMS Wartime Host Nation Support Information Management System 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-170 JP 1-02 

WHO World Health Organization (UN) 

WIA wounded in action 

WISDIM Warfighting and Intelligence Systems Dictionary for 

 Information Management 

WISP Wartime Information Security Program 

WIT weapons intelligence team 

WLG Washington Liaison Group 

WMD weapons of mass destruction 

WMD CM weapons of mass destruction consequence management 

WMD-CST weapons of mass destruction-civil support team 

WMD-E weapons of mass destruction-elimination

WMEC Coast Guard medium-endurance cutter 

WMO World Meteorological Organization 

WMP Air Force War and Mobilization Plan; War and 

 Mobilization Plan 

WOC wing operations center (USAF) 

WOD wind-over deck; word-of-day 

WORM write once read many 

WOT war on terrorism 

WP white phosphorous; working party; Working Party 

 (NATO) 

WPA water jet propulsion assembly 

WPAL wartime personnel allowance list 

WPARR War Plans Additive Requirements Roster 

WPB Coast Guard patrol boat 

WPC Washington Planning Center 

WPM words per minute 

WPN weapon 

WPR War Powers Resolution 

WPS Worldwide Port System 

WR war reserve; weapon radius 

WRA Office of Weapons Removal and Abatement (DOS); 

 weapons release authority 

WRAIR Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 

WRC World Radiocommunication Conference 

WRL weapons release line 

WRM war reserve materiel 

WRMS war reserve materiel stock 

WRR weapons response range (as well as wpns release rg) 

WRS war reserve stock 

WRSA war reserve stocks for allies 

WRSK war readiness spares kit; war reserve spares kit 

WS weather squadron

WSE weapon support equipment 

WSES surface effect ship (USCG) 

WSESRB Weapon System Explosive Safety Review Board 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Abbreviations and Acronyms 

JP 1-02 A-171 

WSM waterspace management

WSR weapon system reliability 

WT warping tug; weight 

WTCA water terminal clearance authority 

WTCT weapons of mass destruction technical collection team 

WTI weapons technical intelligence 

WTLO water terminal logistic office 

Wu uncorrected sweep width 

WVRD World Vision Relief and Development, Inc. 

WWABNCP worldwide airborne command post 

WWII World War II 

WWSVCS Worldwide Secure Voice Conferencing System 

WWX worldwide express 

WX weather 

X 

X initial position error 

XCVR transceiver 

XMPP presence protocol 

XO executive officer 

XSB barrier single unit 

Y 

Y search and rescue unit (SRU) error 

YR year 

Z 

Z zulu 

z effort 

ZF zone of fire 

Zt total available effort 

ZULU time zone indicator for Universal Time 
Appendix A As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

A-172 JP 1-02 

Intentionally Blank 
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 

APPENDIX B 

ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS 

B-1 

1. User Comments 

 

 Users are highly encouraged to submit comments on this publication to the Directorate for Joint 

Force Development, J-7, Joint Doctrine and Education Division, Joint Doctrine Branch, ATTN: 

Chairman, US NATO Military Terminology Group, 7000 Joint Staff, Pentagon, Washington, DC 

20318-7000; Tel (703) 692-7255, DSN 222-7255; Fax (703) 692-5224, DSN 222-5224. All 

comments recommending modifications, deletions, or additions to terminology in JP 1-02 must be 

made in accordance with DODI 5025.12, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology, 

and CJCSI 5705.01, Standardization of Military and Associated Terminology. 

2. Authorship 

 The lead agent and the Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this publication is the Director for Joint 

Force Development (J-7). 

3. Supersession 

 a. This publication supersedes JP 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and 

Associated Terms, 12 April 2001. The terms and definitions in JP 1-02 will be updated on a 

monthly basis with modifications, deletions, or additions that have been approved in accordance 

with DODI 5025.12, and CJCSI 5705.01. 

b. Record of Updates: 

 31 December 2010: JP 3-02.1, JP 3-07.2, and DODD 3025.18 added. 

 31 January 2011: JP 3-68, JP 4-03, and SecDef Memo 12401-10 added. 

 15 April 2011: JP 2-01.2 added. 

 15 May 2011: JP 3-05 added. 

 15 July 2011: JP 3-08, JP 3-15, and JP 3-34 added. 

 15 August 2011: JP 3-0 and JP 5-0 added. 

 15 September 2011: JP 1-04 added. 

 15 October 2011: JP 3-03, JP 3-07, and JP 4-06 added. 

 15 November 2011: JP 1-0 added. 
Appendix B As Amended Through 15 November 2012

B-2 JP 1-02

 15 January 2012: JP 2-01, JP 3-13.2, JP 3-13.3, JP 3-15,1, JP 3-50, CJCSI 5120.02C, and 

CJCSM 5120.01 added. 

 15 February 2012: JP 3-13.1 and JP 3-13.4 added. 

 15 March 2012: JP 1-06 added. 

 15 April 2012: JP 3-01, JP 4-01.5, and JP 6-01 added. 

 15 July 2012: JP 3-41 and JP 4-01.2 added. 

 15 August 2012: JP 3-07.3, JP 3-33, and JP 4-02 added. 

 15 November 2012: JP 2-03 added. 

4. Terms Added, Removed, Sourced, or Modified by the 15 November 2012 Amendment 

Terms Added, Removed, Sourced, or Modified 

Term Action Publication 

advanced geospatial intelligence Removed JP 2-03 

aeronautical chart Sourced JP 2-03 

annotation Removed JP 2-03

azimuth Removed JP 2-03

base line Removed JP 2-03

change detection Modified JP 2-03

chart sheet Removed JP 2-03

combat chart Sourced JP 2-03

convergence Removed JP 2-03

coordinates Removed JP 2-03

datum (geodetic) Modified JP 2-03

directional gyro indicator Removed JP 2-03

electronic imagery dissemination Removed JP 2-03

electro-optics Removed JP 2-03

foundation geospatial-intelligence data Replaced Term JP 2-03

gap (imagery) Removed JP 2-03

geographic reference points Removed JP 2-03

geospatial information and services Modified JP 2-03

geospatial intelligence operations Added JP 2-03

grid Removed JP 2-03

grid bearing Removed JP 2-03 

grid convergence Removed JP 2-03

grid convergence factor Removed JP 2-03

grid coordinate system Removed JP 2-03

ground control Removed JP 2-03

hyperspectral imagery Modified JP 2-03
As Amended Through 15 November 2012 Administrative Instructions

B-3

imagery exploitation Modified JP 2-03

infrared imagery Sourced JP 2-03

large-scale map Removed JP 2-03

map chart Removed JP 2-03

map sheet Removed JP 2-03

medium-scale map Removed JP 2-03

mission specific data sets Removed JP 2-03

National System for Geospatial Intelligence Modified JP 2-03

photomap Removed JP 2-03

pictomap Removed JP 2-03

planning factors database Modified JP 2-03

pre-positioned war reserve requirement Removed JP 2-03

public key infrastructure Modified JP 2-03

radar imagery Removed JP 2-03

radio detection Removed JP 2-03

secondary imagery dissemination Removed JP 2-03

slant range Removed JP 2-03

small-scale map Removed JP 2-03

tactical map Removed JP 2-03

technical analysis Sourced JP 2-03

temperature gradient Removed JP 2-03

terrain analysis Modified JP 2-03

thermal imagery Removed JP 2-03

topographic map Added JP 2-03

universal polar stereographic grid Sourced JP 2-03

variation Removed JP 2-03

Figure B-1. Terms Added, Removed, Sourced, or Modified 

5. Distribution 

 Joint Staff J-7 does not print copies of JP 1-02 for distribution. Electronic versions are 

available on JDEIS at https://jdeis.js.mil (NIPRNET) and https://jdeis.js.smil.mil (SIPRNET) and 

on the JEL at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine (NIPRNET). 
Appendix B As Amended Through 15 November 2012

B-4 JP 1-02

Intentionally Blank