# Plain Engli sh Guide

to t he Pa rt 75 R ule

U. S. Env iro nm ental Protecti on A gency Clear A ir M arkets Div isi on 12 00 Pe nn sylva nia Avenu e, NW Was hi ngt on, DC 20 460 Sept emb er, 2005i 

### TABLE o f CONTENTS Page SECTION 1: INTRO DUCTI ON

............................................ 1 1.1 Wh at is the purpose of thi s guide?

.................................. 1 1.2 W

h at i s P ar t 75 an d w h o m us t com pl y wi th it ?

........................ 1 1.3 Wha t is a ca p a nd t r ad e p r o gr am?

.................................. 4 1.4 Why is co nt inu o us mo nit o r ing ne ce ss ar y?

............................ 5 1.5 How is the Part 75 rule s truct ured?

................................. 5 1.6 Wh at ot her Federal regulati ons i nterface with Part 75 ?

.................. 7 SECTION 2: OVERVIEW OF P ART 75 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

............................................ 8 2.1 Regi ster the A

ff ected Un it(s) with EPA

............................. 9 2.2 Select a Monitoring Methodology

.................................. 9 2.3 I nst all a nd Ce r t ify Mo nit o r ing Sys t ems ............................. 12 2.4 Mon

itor a n d Rec ord

Em i ss i on s D ata
............................... 12 2.5 Conduct Quali

ty As surance/Qual

ity Contro l Procedures

................ 15 2.6 Mai

ntain Records

............................................. 15 2.7 Rep or t Emissions

............................................. 16 SECTION 3: BASIC CONTINUOUS E MISSION MONI TORIN G REQUIREMENTS

........................................... 18 3.1 Wh

at i s a c onti

nuous em i ssi on m oni torin g sy stem (CEMS )?

............. 18 3.2 Wha t is a so r be nt t r ap mo nit o r ing sys t em?

.......................... 21 3.3 Pr imar y and Ba ck up Mo nit o r ing Sys t ems ........................... 21 3.4 How must a CEMS be operated?

................................. 22 3.5 How are emi ssi

ons and h eat in put rat es determi

ned f rom CEMS data?

..... 23 3.6 Wh

en are corrections f

or stack gas mois ture cont ent required?

........... 26 3.7 What if

a uni t has mul tiple stacks or shares a st ack with other u ni ts?

....... 27 3.8 What are the m

i ssi ng da ta procedures f

or CEMS ?

.................... 27 SECTION 4: APPENDI X D METHODOLOGY FOR GAS-FIRED AND OIL- FIRED UNITS

.......................... 28 4.1 W

h at i s a “ ga s- f i re d” or “ oil -f

i re d” un it?

............................ 28 4.2 Wh at is the A

ppendi x D al ternative m

onitorin g me thod ?

............... 29ii Page

4.3 How is the f

uel fl ow rat e m

easured?

............................... 29 4.4 Wh at are the fuel sam pli ng requi remen ts of Appen

dix D ?

............... 30 4.5 How i s the SO 2 ma ss em is si on rate calcul

ated?

....................... 32 4.6 How is the un

it hea t input rate calc

ula ted?

.......................... 32 4.7 Whi

ch sul fur content, GCV and densi ty val ues are used in the cal

culations ?

. 33 4.8 What ar e t he o n-g oing qua lity-ass ur ance re quir ement s o f Append ix D ?

.... 35 4.9 W

h at a re th e m i ss in g d ata

pr oce dure s f

or a n A pp en di xD u nit?

........... 36 SECTION 5: APPENDI X E METHODOLOGY FOR GAS-FIR

ED AND O IL-FI

RED P EAKING UNITS

................. 37 5.1 What is a pe aking u nit?

........................................ 37 5.2 How is an

Appen dix E correlation curve

constructed?

.................. 38 5.3 How are hourly

NO xem is si ons determi

ned ?

......................... 39 5.4 Wh

at are th e f uel sam pl ing r equi rem en ts of A ppen di x E ?

............... 40 5.5 Wh

at are th e on-g oin g qua l ity-a ssu rance re qui

rem en ts of A ppen di x E ?

.... 40 5.6 W

h at a re th e m i ss in g d ata

pr oce dure s f

or a n A pp en di xE un it ?

........... 42 5.7 What happens i

f an Appendi x E uni t loses its peaking uni

t st atus ?

........ 42 SECTION 6: LOW MAS S EMISS IONS METHO DOLOGIES

................. 43 6.1 Ga s- Fi

re d a n d O i l -F i re d Un its
.................................... 43 6.1.1 W

h at i s a l ow m as s e m i ss i on s ( LM

E) un it ?

......................... 43 6.1.2 How do es a uni

t qualif y f or LME st atus ?

........................... 44 6.1.3 How

ar e em i ss i on s a n d h ea t inpu t ca l cu l ate d f or a n LM E un it ?

.......... 46 6.1.4 How are site-speci fi c defa ult NO xem

is si on rates determi

ned f or a n LM E un it ?

............................................. 48 6.1.5 Wh

ic h si te-specif ic defaul t emi ssi on rates are used for report in g ?

......... 50 6.1.6 What are the reco rdkeeping and report in g requirements f

or LME u ni

ts ?

... 51 6.1.7 What are the o n-going QA/QC requirem ents for LME units ?

............ 52 6.1.8 What happens i

f a l ow mass em

issi ons unit loses its LME stat us ?

......... 53 6.2 Coa

l -F i re d Un its
.............................................. 53 SECTION 7: PART 75 MONITOR ING SYSTEM

CERTIFICATION PROCEDURES

............................. 57 7.1 How are Part 75 moni to rin g sy stems c ertif

ied ?

....................... 57 7.2 Step 1— Submi

t an Ini tial Moni to rin g Plan

.......................... 57 7.3 Step 2— Submi

t Certifi cation Test Notices

.......................... 59 7.4 St ep 3 — Co nduc t Cer t ifi cat ion T est ing

............................. 59 7.5 Step

4— S ub m

it Ce rti f i ca ti on A ppl i ca ti on .......................... 62iii Page

7.6 Step 5— Receiv

e Agen cy Approval or Disapproval

................... 63 7.7 Wh at reference test m ethods and standards are us ed for certif ic ation testin

g ?

........................................ 63 7.8 What per for mance sp ecificat ions mus t be met for cer t ifi cat ion ?

.......... 66 7.9 W

h at i s m ea n t b y th e “ sp an v al ue ”, an d w h y i s i t im por tan t ?

............ 69 7.10 Rec er t ifi

cat ion and Diagno st ic Te st ing

............................. 72 SECTION 8: QUALITY ASSURANC E AND QUALITY

CONTROL (QA/ QC) PROCEDURES

........................... 73 8.1 Do es Pa r t 75 r eq uir e p er io dic qu alit y QA/ QC t es t ing aft er a mo nit o r ing sys t em is certif ied ? If so, where are these test requirem ents f ound ?

.............. 73 8.2 What ar e t he o n-g oing QA t est re quir ement s in Par t 75 fo r u nits r epo rt ing em is si ons data yea

r-round ?

..................................... 73 8.3 Are there any exceptions to t hese basi c QA test r equirem

ents ?

........... 77 8.4 Are there an

y s peci al considerations wh

en perf ormi ng these basic QA

test s ?

.......................................... 78 8.5 Wh

at are th e on-g oin g QA test requi rem en ts f or ozo ne season-only

repo rter s ?

.................................... 80 8.6 What performance speci fi cations must be m

et for t he rout in

e QA tests required b

y Part 75 ?

........................................... 81 8.7 Are there any n

ot if ication requirem

ents for t he periodic QA

test s ?

........ 83 8.8 Wha t ar e t he es se nt ial e leme nt s o f a P ar t 75 QA /Q C p r o gr am ?

.......... 83 SECTION 9: MISSING D ATA SUBS TITUTION PROCEDURES

................ 85 9.1 Does Pa

rt 75 requ i re em i ssi ons to b e reported

f or every uni t operati ng h our ?

...................................... 85 9.2 Ho w a r e e miss io ns d at a r ep o r t ed wh en a mo nit o r ing sys t em is not wor kin

g ?

.............................................. 85 9.3 What are the Part 75 m i ssi ng da ta procedures f

or CEMS ?

.............. 87 9.4 Wh at are the mi ssi ng data procedures for Appen dic es D, E, and G ?

....... 89 9.5 What is co ndit ional da t a validat ion ?

............................... 90 SECTION 10: PART 75 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

.................... 92 10.1 Wh at are the basi c report in g requirem

ents of Part 75 ?

................. 92 10.2 How do es EPA eval uate t he el

ectro ni c quart erly

repo rts ?

.............. 93 10.3 Part 75 Audit Program

......................................... 94 10.4 El

ec tron i c R ep orti n g— Up da te
................................... 96iv Page

APPENDIX I: Regulatory Updat e (CAIR and CAMR Rul es)

................ 98 APP ENDI X II : Summ

ary of Part 75 Monitoring Requi remen ts for Comm

on and Mult iple St ack Co nfigura t ions

........................... 101 APPENDIX III: On -Goi ng Q A Te st Req

ui rem en ts f or Ozone Sea son- Onl

y Reporters
........................... 115 APPENDI

X IV: Ref

erences .......................................... 121v AC RON YMS and UNITS of MEASURE

AAR - Au t hor ized Ac co unt Rep re sent at ive A GA - A m eri ca n G as A ss ociati

on A PI - A m er i ca n Pe trol eu m In sti tute ARP - Acid Rai

n Program ASM E - Am eri can Society of M echan

i cal Engi ne ers AS T M - Amer ica n S o cie t y o f T es t ing an d M at er ials BA F - Bi as A dj us tm

en t Fa ctor CA IR - Cl ea n A i r In ters tate Re gul ati on CA MD - Cl ea n A i r M ark ets Di vi si on CA MR - Cl ea n A i r M ercury Re gul ati on CD V - C ond

iti ona l Da ta V al i da ti on CE M - C ont inuo us E mission Mo nito ring CEMS - Continuous Em

is si on Moni

to rin g Sys tem CFR - Co de o f Fede ra l Regu latio ns CO 2 - Carbon Di

oxide DAHS - Data Acqui si

tion and H andl

in g Sys tem DP - Di f f eren tia l Pres sure DR - Des ignat ed R epr ese nt at ive ED R - E lect ro nic Dat a Re po rt ing E GU - E lec t r ic G en er at ing Un itvi

EPA - Envi

ronmen tal Protect ion A

gency ETS - Emis si ons Trackin

g Sys tem GCV - Gro ss Ca lori

fi c Val ue GH R - Gr oss

h ea t Ra te GPA - Ga s P roce ss ors A ss ociati

on Hg - M ercur

y ISO- In tern ati ona l Org an i za ti on f or Sta nd ard i za ti on LME - Lo w Ma ss E missions MDC - Mo nito ring D at a Che cking ME R - Ma ximu m Po t en t ial Emi ssion Rate (MER) NBP - NO xBudget Trading Program NIST - National In stitute of Standards and Tech nology NSPS - New Source Performance Standards NO x- Nitrogen Oxi

des O 2 - Oxy gen OO C - Out-of

-Con trol PLC - Programm

abl e Logic C ontro ll

er PM A - Pe rc en t Mo n itor D ata

A v ai l ab i l ity PNG - Pipel

in e Natural Gas QA /Q C - Qu alit y Ass ur an ce /Q ua lit y Co nt r o l RA - Rel ative Accuracyvii

RAT A - Re lat ive Ac cu r ac y Te st Au dit RM - Re f ere nc e m ethod SIP - St ate Impl

em entation Plan SO 2 - Sulf

ur Dioxi de TTF A - Ta rg eti n g To ol f or F i el d A udits WA F - W al

l Ef f ec ts A dj us tm en t Fa ctor
Bt u - Br it ish t he r mal u nit dscf h - Dry standard cubi

c fee t per hour dscf /mm Btu - Dry standard cubic

feet per m

il li on Btu lb /hr - Pounds per hour l b/m m Btu - Po un ds pe r m i ll i on Btu l b/sc f - Pou nd s p er s tanda

rd cub i c f oot

mm Btu/hr - Mil

li on Btu per hour pp mv - Pa r t s p er million by vo lume scf h - Standard cubi

c fee t per hour scf CO 2 /mm

Btu - Standard cubic feet of CO 2 pe r m ill i on Btu
to ns/h r - To ns per h

our tons /s cf - Ton s p er s tanda

rd cub i c f oot : g/scm - Mic rograms per standard cubic me ter1 

### 1. 0 INTRODUCTI ON 1.1 What is the purpose of this guide? EPA has devel oped this pl

ai n-Engl ish gui de as a “ road map” to hel

p in terested part ie s navigat e t hro ugh t he co mplex Par t 75 c ont inuo us e mission monit or ing ru le. T his guide may be usef ul to people responsi

bl e for compl

yi ng wi th the rule, regul

ator y a genci es asses si ng com pli ance with the rul

e, and others who want a general understandi

ng of the em

is si ons m onitorin g approach used in EPA’ s emissions trading programs. T his g uid e, alt ho ug h q uit e c o mpr eh en sive , do es no t r ep lac e t he Pa r t 75 r ule

. Ra t he r , it provi des a gen eral overv i ew of Part 75 a nd i s i nten ded to cl ari f y the re gulati on. To gai

n a m ore complete understanding of the rule, i t is necessary

to carefull

y read and study Part 75, as well as t he as so ciat ed g uidanc e do cument s issue d by EP A, su ch as t he “Pa rt 75 E missions Mo nito ring Poli cy Man ual ” an d the “El ectroni c Data Reporti ng Ins tructi ons” ). Fo r fur t her informat ion o n EP A’s emissions t ra ding p ro gr ams, c ont inuo us e missions moni to rin g, Part 75, and rel

ated to pic s, see the EPA Cl ean A ir Ma rkets Div is ion (CA MD) we b si te a t: w ww .epa .go v

/a i rm ar kets 1.2 What is

Par t 75 and who m ust c ompl

y with it ? The Par t 75 c ont inuo us e mission monit or ing ru le, w hich is found in Volu me 40 o f the Co de o f Fede ra l Regu latio ns (CF R), wa s or

i gi na ll y pub l i sh ed in J an ua ry , 19 93. Th e p urp ose

of t he r egu latio n was t o e st ablish co nt inuo us e mission monit or ing (C EM) and r epo rt ing r eq uir eme nt s u nd er E PA ’s Ac id R ain Pr o gr am ( ARP ) , wh ich wa s ins t it ut ed in 1 99 0 u nd er T it le I V o f t he Cle an Air Ac t
. T he ARP r eg ula t es ele ct r ic g en er at ing un it s ( E GU s) t ha t bu r n fo ss il fuel s such as coal, oil

and natural gas and that serve a generat or > 2 5 megawatts. For t hese uni ts, Part 75 requi

res conti nuous m oni toring a nd rep orting of

sul fu r di oxide (SO 2 ) mass em

issi ons, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) mas s em is si ons, ni tro gen oxi

des (NO x ) e mission ra t e, and he at input . T he SO 2 co mpo nent of t he ARP is a “cap and t ra de” pr og ra m, de signed t o r edu ce a cid de po sitio n by l im i tin g SO 2 em i ssi on l ev el s i n the “ l ower 48" states of th e U.S. In O ct obe r, 199 8, EP A add ed S ubpa rt H t o P ar t 75, which pr ovid es a bluepr int fo r t he moni to rin g and reporting of

NO xma ss em

is si ons and h

eat in put under a Stat e or Federal NO x emis sio ns r ed uc t io n p r o gr am. T he Ag en cy a nt icip at ed t ha t su ch pr o gr ams we r e lik ely t o co me in to exi stence, due to gro win g concern over h

eal th hazards as sociated wi

th NO xem

i ss i ons f rom power plants an

d la rge in dustrial sources. NO xis

a precursor t o ozo ne an

d fi ne particul

ate matter form ation. Subpart H has s in

ce been adopted as t he requi

red moni to rin g me thodo logy

for NO x ma ss em is si ons and h

eat in put under the NO xBudget Tradi ng Program

(NBP)

. The NBP i s a NO xca

p a nd trad e p rogr am

, de si gned to lim it ground -l

evel ozon e f orm ati on du r ing t he o zo ne se as o n ( fr o m Ma y 1 st through September 30 th ) i n 22 states in th

e Eas tern U .S.1 There is one exce ption to this. For low mass emissions (LME) units in the Acid Rain Program, NO x mass emissions are reported in addition to NO x emi ssi on r at e, t o dem ons tr at e th at th e un it con ti nu es to q ua li fy for LME status fro

m year-to -y

ear. L ME unitsare dis cus sed

in deta il in Sectio

n 6 of this guide. 2 The state reg ul ati ons f or the NBP appl

y m ai nl y to large EGUs a

nd i ndustria l boil ers, although certain states have i

ncl uded other catego ries

of NO x -e mitt ing so ur ces , su ch as cement kilns and ref inery process h

eaters. The

state rul es are p atterned af ter a m odel regulation

deve l oped by EPA (40 CFR Part 96), and require NO xma ss em is si ons and h

eat in put t o be m

onitored and reported according to Subpart H of Part 75. T he Program ass ign s a tot al NO xem is si ons budget (tons per o zo ne se as o n) t o ea ch st at e, an d is ad minist er ed jo int ly by t he st at es an d E PA ’s Cle an Air Mark ets Di vi si on (CA MD). On Ma y 12 an d M ay 1 8, 20 05 , E PA pu blish ed t wo ne w a ir r eg ula t io ns, t he Cle an Air Interstat e Rul

e (CAIR) an

d the Cl ean A ir Me rcury Rul e (CAMR ). These regul ations provi de model rules for cap and trade programs that can be adopted by

the states. The CAIR rul e seeks to reduce fi

ne pa rticul ate and ozone em

i ssi ons by im posi ng tight em

i ssi on caps on SO 2 and NO x mass e m i ssi ons f rom EGUs

in 28 s tates. CAIR

incl udes a nn ual SO 2 and NO xem

i ss i ons ca ps f or 23 of the 28 af

fected states and an

ozone season cap on NO xemissions in 25 of t he st at es. The CAM R r ule se ek s t o ac hie ve su bst an t ial r ed uc t io ns in mer cu r y (H g) mas s e miss io ns f r o m co alf i red EGU s i

n a ll 50 state s. Both CA IR a nd CA MR req ui re P art 7 5 m

oni tori ng . Un der CA IR, m oni tori ng sy stem s f or NO xma ss em

is si ons and h

eat in put must be i

nstal led and certif

ied by 2008 , a nd mo nito ring sy stem s f or SO 2 ma ss em

is si ons and h

eat in put must be certifi

ed by 2009 . Un der C AMR, Part 75- co mpliant mo nito ring syst ems for Hg mas s emissions and, if requ ired , he at input must be in stall ed and certifi

ed by January 1, 2009. For a further disc ussi on of these n

ew rules , see Appen di x I of thi s gui de. Part 75 specif

ie s the types

of contin uous moni

to rin g sy stems that m

ay be used f or each param eter (SO 2 , NO x , H g, e

tc. ) a n d s etsf orth th e op er ati

on , m ai n tenan ce an d q ua l ity assuranc e/qual

ity contro l (QA

/QC) requirem

ents f or each sy stem. In m

ost cases, continuous emission mo nito ring syst ems (C EMS ) a re re quir ed, altho ugh in so me insta nces , o t her monit or ing me thodo logi es are al lowed. Tabl e 1 sum ma rizes the vari ous progr am s that require (or wil l requi re) Part 75 monitorin

g. Each of these pro grams requires certain parameters to be m onitore d over specifi

ed time periods. Fo r e ach a ffect ed u nit, t he sp ecific par amet er s t hat must be monit or ed, t he unit s o f measur e, and the a ve ragi ng ( or accoun

tin g) peri ods de pen d on whi ch program (s) ap pl y . Table 1 al so shows t hat when the same poll utant is regul ated under two dif ferent prog rams, t he Pa rt 75 mo nito ring a nd r epo rt ing re quir ement s for t he po lluta nt ar e no t nece ssar ily co nsist ent between the two programs. For exam ple , the ARP and N

BP assess NO xcom pl i ance di f f eren tly

. The AR P requires the NOxem

i ss i on ra te to b e m onitore d a

n d rep orte d i

n pou n ds pe

r m ill i on Btu (lb /mm Btu) and speci

fi es ann ual NO xem is si on rate li

mi ts for certain coal

-fi red EGUs, under 40 CFR Part 76. But t he A

RP does not have an

em is si ons tradin

g componen

t for NO x , an d the

ref ore does not require NO xma ss em is si ons to be report ed 1

. Conversel y, the N BP, whi ch i s a NO xcap and trade program, does require NO xma ss em is si ons to be moni

to red and3 Table 1: Programs That Requi re Part 75 Moni toring
Prog ram A

ffe cted Sour ces Parameter(s)

M easured (units) Accounting o r

A veraging Peri od Data Us ed for

Pro gram Com pl ian ce ? Acid Rain Program EG Us a nd o th er

com bus ti on s our ces that opt -in to t he SO 2 cap and trade prog ra m SO 2 (tons) CO 2 (tons) NO x (lbs/m mBtu) Heat input (mm Btu) Opacity

g (%) Ann ual (c um ul at iv e)

Ann ual (c um ul at iv e) Ann ual (av erag e) Ann ual (c um ul at iv e) Var ies h Yes a No b Ce rtain u nits o nly c In som e cas es d No NO x Bud get Trading Program EGUs , certain large

industrial units, and units that opt in to the cap and trade prog ra m NO x (tons) Heat input (mm Btu) Ozone season 5 (c um ul at iv e) Ozone season e (c um ul at iv e) Yes a
In som e cas es f
Trading Pr og ra ms under the CAIR Regulation 9 EGUs and opt-in units SO 2 and NO x (tons)
NO x (tons) Annual (c um ul at iv e)–2 3 st at es Ozone season e (cumulative)— 25 s ta tes Yes a

Trading Program under the CAM R Ru le i Coal-fi red EGUs Hg (ounces) Ann ual (c um ul at iv e) Yes a

a The cumulat ive annual tons of SO 2 , the cum ulati ve annual or ozone season tons of NO x , or the cumulative annu al oun ce s of H g e mitted must beles s than or e qual t o the numbe r of e mission cred its (allowances ) he ld

b At present, CO 2 is not a regulated p ollutant. Titl e IV of the Clean Air Act re quires only an e stim ate of annual CO 2 mass emissi ons from electrical generating units.

c Under 40 CFR Part 76, certai n coal-f ired units are required to meet an annual NO x emissio n limit.

d If a unit exce eds its annual NO x emissio n rate limit unde r Part

76, th e c umulative

annu al he at inp ut is u se d to calcu late the ex ce ss e mission p en alty

e The oz one se ason ex

tends from May 1 st through Septe mber 30 th

f Heat input m onitor ing is requi red for m ost, but not all NO x Bud ge t Trad ing P rogra m source s. He at inp ut data is used by affected sourc es to calculat e NO x mass emissi ons and may be use d by State age ncies to determine future NO x allow ance

alloca tions.

g R e qu ir e d o nl y f or

co al -f ir e d u ni tsan d ce rt ai n o il -f ir e d u ni tsin th e A ci d R ai n P ro gram .
h Varie s acc ordin g to S tate

and/ or oth er F ed era l re quire ments4

report ed for al

lowan ce accountin

g purposes, but does not require com pli ance wi th NO xem

i ss i on l im i ts i n l b/m m Btu . F or s ource s s ub

j ec t to b oth

th e A RP an d th e NBP , the req

ui re m en ts o f b oth programs m

ust be m et—therefore, NO xma ss em is si ons and NO xemission r at e must bot h be m oni tored and reported

. 1.3 What is a cap and t rade program? A cap an d trade pro gram is a m

arket-based approach to red uc ing em i ss i ons . Th

e c onc ep t i s s im

pl e: EPA ca ps , or limits, t he t o t al a nnu al o r s ea so nal ma ss emiss io ns o f a poll utant such

as SO 2 , NO xor H g. T

h e c api s d

iv i de d i n to em is si on al lowan ces that are all

ocated t o each af

fected sou rce . Each em i ss i on a ll owa nc e re pre sents an au thor i za ti on to emi t one ton of SO 2 or NO x, or one oun ce of Hg ov er a spe ci f i ed ti m e peri od (i .e., ca

l en dar y ear or ozone se ason). To demonstrate compli

ance, a source i s requi

red to hold a nu mbe ro f allo wa nc es gr ea t er t ha n o req ua l t o it s e miss io ns in the regulate d ti

m e p eri od. S inc e th

e tota l nu m be r of allowa nces alloca t ed t o t he affect ed s ou rc es is less t han t he pre-pr ogr am (“b aseli

ne”) mass em

issi ons from those sou rces, the program reduces the m ass em is si ons of the regul

ated poll utan t.. A t the en d of ea ch com pl i an ce period, a rec oncil i ati on pr oce ss tak espl ac e to v er i f y th at e ac h af f ec ted sou rc e hasen oug h al l owa n ce s to cov

er its emi ssions. Automatic penal ties for noncompli

ance are part of the U.S. cap and trad e pro grams. For exa m ple, if a n A RP un it does not have enough al l owance s to cover i

ts ann ual SO 2 emissions, the owner or o perator of the uni t must pay

an ex cess em is si ons penal

ty and must surrender futureye ar all owances to cover the shortfall . For a NBP uni t, if i ts ozo ne seas on NO xem

is si ons exceed its al lowan ce holdin gs, the owner or o perator of the uni t must surrender at le ast 3 future-year all owances and, if

required by

stat e rules, pay addi

tional penal

ties. Th i s m ar ket-b as ed appr oach al l owssou rc es to de ter m in e th e m ost cos t-e f f ec tiv e w ay

to compl y. Sources m

ay reduce em

is si ons by usi ng poll ution control technol

ogies, em ploy in g energy cons erv ati on m

eas ures , reduc ing u

til i zation, switchi

ng f uel s, or other s trategi

es. Sour cesal so are al lowed to buy

and sel l a ll owances f rom each ot her to ensure that each uni t has enough al

lowan ce credits i n i ts account t o cover its em is si ons. In thi s m

ann er, a cap and trade program reduces em is si ons at a lower cost than traditional poll ution control regul ations an d poli ci es, by setting a goa l an d a ll owi n g m ar ket f orc esto de

ter m in e h ow th e g oal i s m et. A cap and trade progr am does not speci fy trad iti onal numeric al emis sion li mits (e.g. pp m, lb/mmBtu, e tc.) for the regulated pollutant(s) Instead, compliance is demons trat ed by hol ding enough al lowan ces t o cover the tot al m ass em iss ions from the aff ected unit(s) during a specif ied time peri od. Ho wever , nume ric al emis sion lim its impo sed by other progr

ams or by the operating permit still apply.2 Or an oun ce of em iss ion s, for Hg
3 No t e t h a t t h r ee of t h e A pp en di ce s ( H, I, a n d J ) a r e “ r es er ve d”

. Ap pe n di x H wa s i n t h e o r i gi n a l Ja n ua r y, 1993 rule, b

ut w as remo

ved and res erv ed i n May , 1999 . Appe ndix I was pro

pos ed i n 1998, b

ut nev er f inalized

. Appe ndix J w as remo ved and res erv ed i n May , 1999

. 5 1.4 Why is continuous monitoring necessar y? Emi ssions m

onitoring and accounting are the backbone of cap and trad e pro grams. Be ca us e t he emis sio n a llo wa nc es ar e b as ed o n t he t o t al ma ss o f a p o llut an t emit t ed o ve ra c er t ain t ime p er io d, emis sio ns mu st be mo nit o r ed co nt inu o us ly du r ing t he co mplia nc e p er io d. I t is t her efo re esse nt ial to have a re liable measur ement metho d fo r t he co mmodit y being reg ulat ed a nd t r ad ed

- - - in t his c as e, emis sio ns— t o en su r e t ha t t he go al o f ac hie ving ac t ua l, mea su r ab le em i ssi ons r educ tion s i

n a cost-ef f ecti ve man ne r i s m et. Part 75 provi

des the n ece ssa ry mea su r eme nt met ho d, an d g ive s v alu e t o t he t r ad ed co mmo di t y by:

C E nsu r ing t ha t t he emis sio ns f r o m all s o ur ce s a r e c o nsis t en t ly and ac cu r at ely m ea su red an d re porte d. I n oth

er w ords , a ton

of e missions 2 fr o m o ne so ur ce is equ al to a t on o f emissions 2 from any ot her so urc e;

C Ensu ring t hat a co mplet e r eco rd of e mission da t a is pr od uce d fo r e ach u nit in t he program (i .e., data a

re obtai ne d f or eve ry hour of uni t operati on);

C Veri

f ying that em

i ssi on ca ps a re n ot exceeded , there

by en suri ng that em

i ssi ons a re n ot un de re sti mate d a n d that em

i ss i on re du cti on goa l s a re b ei n g m et. 1.5 How is the P

art 75 Rule Str uctured ? Part 75 consists of ni

ne Subparts, A t hrough I, foll owed by a series

of elev en Appendi

ces, A thr ou gh K 3 . A b

ri ef des cri pti on of eac h Su bpa rt and Appen di x f oll ows. Subparts

C Subpart A (§§75.1-75.8) de f ine s th e p urp ose of the regulati on a nd the ex ten t of its appli cabi li ty. Subpart A al so incl

udes general Aci

d Rain Pro gram provisi

ons, compli ance dates, pr ohibi

tions, and li sts various methodo logies (e.g., ASTM, ASME, etc.) t hat are in

corpo rated into the rule b y ref erence.

C Subpart B (§§75.10–75.19) pr ese nt s t he ge ner al emission mo nito ring requi rem ents f or each pol

l utant (SO 2 , NO x, etc.). Speci al in structions are gi

ven for moni to ring at comm

on stack and multipl

e stack exhaust co nf

igurations.6

C Subpar

t C (§§7 5.20-7 5.24) pr ese nt s t he pr oc ess fo r c er t ifi cat ion and re ce rti f i ca ti on of th e req ui re d c ontinuou s m

onitori n g s y ste m s, pr ov i de s th

e q ua l ity as su ra n ce an d q ua l ity con trol (Q A /Q C) re qu i

re m en ts f or th e s y ste m s, de f in es“ outof-control ” peri

ods, and requi

res b i as adj ustm

ent of data from

SO 2 , NO x, a nd fl ow monitors.

C Subpar

t D (§§7 5.30-3 7) de sc

ri b es th e m i ss in g d ata

pr oce dure s th

at a re us ed to determi ne the appropriate sub stitute data values , for uni t o perating h

ours in w hi ch the m oni torin g sy stem s f ai l to provide qu al

ity-a ssu red da ta.

C Subpart E (§§75.40-75.48) de scri be s th e requi rem en ts that m us t be m et f or ap pr o va l o f an alt er na t ive mo nit o r ing sys t em.

C Subpar

t F (§§ 75.50- 75.59) con

tai n s th e rec ord ke ep in g req

ui re m en ts

C Subpart G (§§75.60-75.67) contai nsthe re portin g requi rem en ts. Instructi ons a

re pro vi ded for submi

tt in g not if ications, m

onitoring plan s, cert if

ication appl

ications, em i ssi ons r eports, an d speci al peti tion s to the A

dm ini strator.

C Subpar

t H (§§7 5.70-7 5.75) descri bes the NO xmass emissio n monit or ing requirem ents f or sour ces i

n a NO xmas s e

m i ss i on s r ed uc ti on pr ogr am th at a dop ts Part 75, such as the NO xBudget Pro gram or a NO xt ra ding p ro gr am unde r t he CAI R r ule

. Sp ec ial ins t r uc t io ns a r e p r o vid ed fo rso ur ce s t ha t r ep o r t da t a o nly dur ing t he o zo ne se aso n.

C Subpar

t I (§§ 75.80- 75.84) descri bes the Hg

mass emissio n monit or ing requirem ents f or sour ces i

n a Hgmas s e

m i ss i on s r ed uc ti on pr ogr am th at a dop ts Part 75, s uch

as a na tional Hg tradi ng p rogram und er the CA MR rul e. Appendices

C Ap pen di x A des cr ibes CE MS inst allatio n and c er t ifi cat ion t est pr oc edu re s, a nd pr ovid es p er for mance sp ecificat ions fo r t he CE MS a nd exp lains how t o s et t he span and ra nge of CEMS ;

C Ap pen di x B des cr ibes t he r equ ired on- go ing CE MS q ualit y assur ance t est s and pr oc edu re s for CE MS, and includ es r ules fo r d at a validat ion;

C Appendix C pr ov i de s gui de l in esf or p ar am etr i c a n d l oad -b as ed

m i ss in g d ata subs t itu t ion;

C Ap pen di x D provides an optional proto col f

or estim atin g SO 2 mass emissio ns and heat input for gas-fired and oil -fi red units;7

C Ap pen di x E provides an optional

prot ocol for estim

ating N O xemissions f

rom gasfi red and oil-f

ired peakin

g units;

C Ap pen di x F pr ovid es e qua t ions fo r c onve rt ing ra w monit or ing dat a into t he appropriate uni

ts of me asure;

C Ap pen di x G gives proced ures for monitoring and cal culatin g CO 2 mass em

issi ons, for ARP uni

ts;

C Appendices

H, I and Jar e cu rr ent ly reser ved; a nd

C Ap pe nd ix

K provides

speci al operating i

nstructions an

d qual ity -assurance requirem ents f or sor ben t t rap moni

to rin g sy stems, wh

ic h are used to moni

to r Hg emi ssions. 1.6 What other Feder al r egulations interf

ace with Part 75 ? Pa r t 75 is o ne o f t he Ac id R ain Pr o gr am c o r e r ule s, wh ich , co llec t ive ly, a r e fo un d in Vol um e 40 of the C FR , Parts 72

through 78. Par t 75 i s ref eren ced i n s ev eral of th e other c ore rules . Fi rst, in §72.2, there are num erous im port ant defi

ni tions that appl

y to Part 75. S econd, Part 76, which

speci fi es ann ual NO xem is si on li mi ts for certain coal

-fi red boil ers, requires Part 75 moni to rin g to be used to demons trat e compl ia nce wi th these em

is si on li mi ts. Third, Part 74 requi res un its that opt-in to the A

cid Rai n Program

to moni tor and report SO 2 emissions acc ording to Part 75

. Part 75 al so interf

aces with som

e of the New Source Perf

orman ce Standa rds (NSPS) re gulat ions in 40 CFR P ar t 60. Many unit s t hat ar e cu rr ent ly i n t he Acid R ain Pr og ra m or t he NO xBudget Pro gram are al so subj ect to one of the NSPS boi le r regulations (Subparts D, Da, Db and Dc) or to the NSPS rule f or co mb ustion turbi

nes (Sub part GG). T he Part 60 boil er regulation s requi

re conti nuous e m i ssi on m oni toring f or SO 2 and/or NO x, and Subpart GG al lows a NO xCEMS to be used to moni to r and report “excess e

missi ons”. Subparts Da and Db al low a certif ied Part 75 NO xmoni

to rin g sy stem to be used to meet the Part 60 NO xmonit or ing requirem ents. Subpart GG all

ows a certif

ied Part 75 NO xCEM S to b e u se d f or ex ce ssem i ss i on m oni torin g.8 Reg iste r the affecte d un

it(s) wi th th e Cl ean Ai r Marke ts Di vi sio n o f EPA

Select t he monitoring methodology

Install and

certify monit or ing s ys tems

Cond uct QA/QC Proce dure s (On-going) Mon itor e mi ssions and

use m iss in g d ata sub stitution

as ne ce ssar y

Ma inta in Recor ds
Repor t Emiss ions 

### 2.0 OVE RVIE W O F PA RT 75 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS Part 75 re qui

res a n h ourl y acc ounti ng of the em i ssi ons f rom e ach af f ected u ni t. Continuous emi ssion m

onitoring systems (CEMS) ar e used to pro vi de the emi ssions data unl

ess the uni t qual i f i es to use one of the a l terna tiv e m oni torin g m ethodol ogi es speci

f i ed i n th e rul e. Wi th f ew ex cepti ons, th e al terna tiv e m ethodol ogi es a ppl y to oil-f i red an d gas -f i red un its. The select ed mo nito ring met hod olo gy for eac h unit must be ap pr ove d by EP A thr ou gh a cer t ifi cat ion p ro ces s. O nce t he met hod olo gy has be en ap pr ove d and t he r equ ired monit or ing sy stems a re certif ied, the recording an

d report in g of em is si ons data begi

ns. Part 75 also requi

res on -g oi n g q ua l ity as su ra n ce an d q ua l ity con trol (Q A /Q C) pr oce dure s, to en su re th at th e d ata col l ected b y the m oni torin g sy stem s con tin ue to be acc urate. This se ct ion p ro vides a n ove rview and g ener al des cr ipt ion o f the Par t 75 mo nito ring a nd re po rt ing re quir ement s (s ee Figu re 1) . Mo re spe cific inf or matio n is pro vided in t he su bseq uent sec tion s of

thi s gui de.

Fi gure 1. O v er v i ew of Pa rt 7 5 M onitori

n g Req ui re m en ts9

2.1 Regist er the Affec ted U nit (s) w ith EPA

. Each af fected un it m ust be regi stered with EPA’ s Cl ean A ir Ma rkets Div is ion (CA MD) bef ore any da

ta is reported for the uni

t. As part o f the registration process, a Desi gnated Representativ

e, or “DR” (for the Aci

d Rai n an d CAIR Programs ), a “Hg Desi gnated Representat iv

e” (for t he CAMR Program), o r an Authorized Account Repr esentative, or “AA R” (for the NO xBu dge

t Prog ram

), m us t be as si gned f or ea ch un it. Th e D es i gn ate d Rep res en

tati ve or AAR t ake s t he r esp ons ibil ity for ensu ring t hat eac h affect ed u nit co mplies with a ll of the app licable pro gr am req uire ments , a nd t hat t he emissions dat a r epo rt ed t o E PA ar e t ru e and ac cu ra te. Fo r u n its sub

j ec t to b oth

th e A ci d R ai n Pro gr am an d to one or m

ore of the SO 2 and NO xtradi ng p rogram s un der C AIR , t he De signat ed R epr ese nt at ive for all of t hese t ra ding program s m ust b e the sam e pers on. 2.2 Select a Monitoring Methodology Monitor ing Options Pa r t 75 pr o vid es se ve r al mo nit o r ing o pt io ns. T he o pt io ns t ha t ar e a va ilable fo ra u nit de pe nd o n ho w t he un it is c las sifie d ( se e T ab le 2 in Section 2.4, bel

ow). I n gen

eral, i f a un it i s coal-f ired o rco mbu st s a ny t ype o f so lid fu el, t he ba sic continuous m

onitorin g provisi ons i n §§75.10-75.18 require the us e of CEMS f or all moni to red pa ra m ete rs . H owev er , there a

re a f ew ex ce pti on s to th i s. If a u n it i s c l as si

f i ed asan oil - or g as -f

i re d u n it, it m ay qual if y f or an alternati

ve m onitorin g approach ins tead of CEMS f or som e or al l param eters. In som e ca ses , the uni

t ma y ev en qual i f y f or a m oni torin g exem pti on. The monit or ing alt er nat ives o r e xempt ions that ap ply to a uni t depend main

ly on how o ften the uni

t o perat es each y

ear, how much

it emi ts, and the ty pe(s) of f uel (s) it comb

usts. These al

ternatives and ex em ptions are:

C Any oil-fir

ed or ga s-fired u nit

ma y us e the al

ternative, or “ex

cepted” m ethodology

in A ppendi x D of Part 75 to determi

ne SO 2 mas s em

i ss i ons an d/or unit heat input . T he App endix D met hod re quir es c ont inuo us mo nito ring o f the fuel flow r at e wit h a ce rt ifi ed fu el flowmet er and p er iod ic fuel sampling and anal ysi s to deter mi

ne one or more o f the f

ollowi ng quantities: (1) the gro ss ca l ori f i c v al ue (GC V) of

the f ue l ; ( 2) th e f ue l su lf ur c onte nt;an d (3 ) th e d en si

ty of t he fuel. The Appe ndix D met hod olo gy is discu ssed in gre at er det ail in Sect ion 4 of th i s gui de. The Par t 75 r ule gene rall y req uire s the use of CEM S for uni ts tha t combust coal or other solid fuel( s). Alternative monitoring approaches, referr ed to i n the r ule as“exc epted methods ” or

“exc epted m onitor ing syst ems” , may be used for quali fying oi l-fi red an d gas- fired units , and for

cert ain c oal- fired unitsunder the CA MR

rul e.10

C Oil-fired and gas-fir ed peakin g units may u se t he alt er na t ive met ho d in Ap pe nd ix E of Part 75 t o estim

ate the hourly

NO xemission r at e in lb/mmBtu. Appe ndix E req ui res hou rl y de term ina ti on of the he at i np ut ra te to the u ni

t, us ing the f ue l f l ow ra t e measu re d by a ce rt ifi ed Ap pend ix D fuel flowmet er , in co njunct ion wit h t he GCV of the f

uel . A correlati on curve of NO xem i ss i on ra te v er su s h ea t inpu t ra te (derived from

em is si on testing) i s then use

d to estim ate the hourly

NO xem i ss i on rate s. T he A ppe nd ix E m ethodol ogy i s d i sc us se d i n g rea ter d eta il in S ec ti on 5 of thi s gui de.

C Certa in oil-fired

and gas-fir

ed units may qualify to use t he low mass emissio ns (LME) m ethodology

in §75.19to estim

ate SO 2 , CO 2 , and/or NO xemissions a nd hea t in put. To quali

fy for LM E status, a uni

t’s an nual SO 2 and NO xmass em is si ons, and i

n som e cases, i ts ozo ne seas on NO xmass emissio ns, mu st be dem onstra ted to be bel

ow certai n th resh old va l ues . T he LM E met ho do lo gy r eq uir es t ha t r ec o r ds be ke pt o f t he ho ur s in w hic h t he un it operates, t he ty

pe(s) of f uel (s) combus ted, t he el

ectrical or steam load during ea

ch of those hours, and, i

n som e cases, the operational

status o f the NO xem

i ss i on co nt ro ls. De fau lt emiss io n r at es and es t imat es o f hea t inpu t ar e u se d t o qu ant ify t he un it ’s mas s e miss io ns. T he LM E met ho do lo gy is dis cu ss ed in g r ea t er de t ail in Secti on 6 of thi s gui de.

C Acid Ra in Progra m units may

us e th e a l tern ati ve proc ed ure s i n A ppe nd ix G of Part 75 to estim

ate CO 2 mass emissio ns, in lieu o f installing CE MS. Appe ndix G all ows CO 2 emissions t o be est imated , e ither by using: ( 1) fuel feed ra t es a nd t he re sult s o f per iod ic fuel sampling and analysis (t o d et er mine the % car bon in t he fuel ); or (2) hourly h

eat in put rat e m

easurem ents f rom a certif

ied Appen

dix D fuel f l owm eter an d a f uel -spe ci f i c, ca rbon -ba sed

“F -f actor”. Appendi x G i s the most frequently-used m ethod for estimatin

g CO 2 mass emissio ns f rom oi l an d ga s- f i red un its. P art 7 5 a

ll ows the f ue l f ee d ra te m ethodol ogy (opti on (1 ), abo ve) t o be use d fo r c oa l-fired u nits a lso, but it is no t cur re nt ly being used by an y o f t he m.

C Certa in Acid R

ain Progr am units ar e exe mpt ed fr om o pac ity monit or ing requirem ents. Coal-f

ired un its wi th wet scrubbers m

ay be ex em pted if the presence of c ondens ed wa

ter i n th e ef f l uen t gas s tream

interf ereswi th the opaci ty re adi ngs . Al so, any uni t t hat meets the defi

ni tion of gas -fi

red or diesel

-fi red in §72.2, or that qual i f i es a s a d ual -f uel reci procati ng e ngi ne i s ex em pted f rom opa ci ty m oni torin g. How ev er, note tha t the se Par t 75 e xe m pti ons do not su pers ed e th

e p rovi si ons of any ot her pr og ra m, re gulat ion, or per mit t hat may requ ire an o pac ity monit or t o be ins tal l ed.11

C Affected

coal-fire d units unde

r the CAMR rul

e may use an a lter nat ive (“exc epted”) type of contin uous Hg moni

to rin g sy stem, known a s a “s orbent trap m oni tori ng sy stem ”. A sor be nt trapsy stem

con tinu ous l y sa m pl es the sta ck ga s f or an ext ende d pe rio d o f time (e .g ., up t o a wee k o r mo re ) a nd co llects Hg o n a sorbent m edi um such as activated carb on. The tot al volum e of stack gas sam

pled durin g the coll ection peri

od is m easured, and the Hg conce ntration i s determi

ned by taking the

ratio of the coll

ected Hg mas s to t he sam ple volum e.

C Certain aff

ected unit s under CAMR may qualify to use a low mass emissio ns met ho do lo gy t o es t imat e t he an nu al H g ma ss emis sio ns, in lieu o f co nt inu o us ly m on itori n g th e H g c on cen tra

ti on . Th i s a l ter n ati v e m eth odol ogy appl i esmai n l y to sm al l un its wi th very low ( < 29 lb

/yr) an nual Hg ma ss em

is si ons. It requires per iod ic Hg e mission t est ing, a nd co nser vat ively hi gh de fault Hg c onc ent ra t ions mus t be used f

or emi ssi ons report in

g. Sections 3 through 6 of thi s guide provide m ore inf ormation on the v arious Part 75 emission mo nito ring met hod olo gies. Sec t ion 3 des cr ibes t he bas ic CEM pr ovisio ns, a nd S ect ions 4, 5 , an d 6, respe cti

ve l y , di sc us s th

e a l tern ati ve A ppe nd ix D , A ppe nd ix E , an d l ow m as s em i ss i on methodologies. Special Pet

itions Under §75.66, EPA has e stabl ished a peti

tion process through whi

ch af fected sources can r eq ue st r elie f o rva r ian ce s fr o m ce r t ain pr o visio ns o f Pa r t 75

. E ac h p et it io n mu st co nt ain su f f i ci en t in f orm ati on f or th e A ge n cy to eval ua te th e req ue st. A t a m

in im um , the p eti ti on m us t: (1 ) ide nt ify

t he affect ed fac ili

t y and unit (s) ; (2 ) e xplain why the pr op os ed a lter nat ive is being su gge ste d i

nstead of the regulatory

req ui rem en t; ( 3) provi de

a d es cri pti on of an y eq ui pm en t or pr o ce du r es us ed in t he pr o po se d a lt er na t ive ; ( 4) de mo nst r at e t ha t t he pr o po se d a lt er na t ive is co nsis t en t wit h t he pu r po se s o f Pa r t 75 an d t he Cle an Air Ac t ; a nd ( 5) ex pla in w hy ap pr o ving it wi ll not ha ve an y si gni f i can t adv erse ef f ects. The regul ator y f

le xi bi li ty provided by

the petition process reduce s the cost of compl ia nce f or m an y sou rc esan d f ac i l itate s prog ra

m im pl em en tati on . EPA str iv esf or c on siste

n cy in its petition respo nses. When a petition is approved (o r denied), petitions of a sim il ar natur e wil

l also be ap pr ove d ( or denied ). The Agenc y also se eks t o a void set t ing pr ece dent s by answe ring petitions in

a way that wil

l weaken or undermi

ne the Part 75 rule. Fin

all y, when EPA appro ves a larg e number of p et itio ns o f the same t ype, t his oft en indicat es t he nee d fo r a ru le chang e. The Agency has revi sed Part 75 a number of times on thi s basi s. Al te rn at iv e M on it or in g S ys tems Su bpar t E o f Par t 75 a llows s ou rc es t o p et itio n EP A for app ro val of an a lter nat ive4 Fo r LME units, o

nly the f irst, f ourth, and f

ift h step s o f the

process apply . The initia

l monito ring plan and t he c ert if ic ati on app lic ati on are

su bm itt ed to ge the r # 45 da ys be

fore th e meth odology be

gin s to be used (see Sectio n 6 of this guide).
5 Fo r LM E uni ts , re

po rting b eg ins w ith t

he f irs t o pe rati ng ho ur in the yea r o r o zo ne s ea so

n in w hic h the LME met hodology is fir st used (see Sect ion 6 of this g uide for fur th er di scussion ). Th is dat e will al ways be lat er than th e date

of prov isional c ertific ation (w

hich in this case, isthe date that a co mplete certif

ication application is rece ive d—se e §7 5.20(h)(3))

. 12 mo nit o r ing sys t em. T o o bt ain appro val , t he petition m

ust dem onstrate t hat the al

ternative s ystem ha s t he sa me p r ec isio n, r elia bilit y, accessib il ity, and tim

eli ness as a cer t ifi ed P ar t 75 C EMS . T he performa nce of a ny al ternative s ystem mus t be dem

onstrated by si

mul taneous test in g against a ful

ly certifi ed CEMS or an E PA r efer ence t est metho d. The peti ti on m us t also p rop ose qu al ity as su ra n ce pr oce dure s a

n d m i ss in g d ata subs t itu t ion p ro ced ur es fo r t he al terna tiv e m oni torin g sy stem that are cons i sten t with the corres pondi

ng P art 75 proce dures

f or CEMS. Th

e cri teri a an d proced uresf or approv al

of a l terna tiv e system s are speci fi ed i n Subpart E and are n

ot dis cussed f

urther in this guide

. 2.3 Insta ll and Certi fy Mo nit oring S ystems Bef ore any m onitorin g me thodo logy

or moni to rin g sy stem i s used, i

t must be approved through a ce rtif i cation proce ss. Th

i s proce ss is de scri

be d i n de tail in Secti on 7 of

thi s gui de. Ex ce pt f or L ME un its 4 , the general

steps for obtain

in g certif ic ation are:

C St ep 1

-- -P re par e and submit a n initial monito ring p lan
C Step 2---S ubm

it certifi cation test notices
C St ep 3

-- -Co nduc t cer t ifi cat ion t est ing
C Step

4-- -Su bm it a c erti f i ca ti on a ppl i ca ti on
C Step 5--- Recei

ve approval

or disapproval
2.4 Monitor

and Recor

d Em iss ions Data Wi th th e ex ce pti on of LM E un its 5 , moni to rin g and reporting of

em is si ons begi

ns as soon as cer t ifi cat ion t est ing is suc ces sfully complet ed, pr ovid ed t hat t he t est s ar e co mplet ed by t he On the on e hand, E PA has r eceiv ed and approved only a few Subpart E petit ions to use alter nativ e moni tori ng syst ems, partl y due t o the r igorous requiremen ts of S ubpa rt E and p artly because the App endix D, Appendix E and LME “exce pted” met hods in P art 75 provid e substa ntial f lexibility in choosing a moni toring m ethodology. On the othe r hand, the Agen cy has approv ed many

min or va riat ions to the moni tori ng prov isi ons of Par t 756 Wh en th e tes ts a re not comp let ed by th e dea dl in e, em iss ion s r epor ti ng mu st beg in im med ia tel y upon

expira tion of the deadli ne, an d conservatively high substitute data values (usually maxim um potent ial values) m ust be repo rted. 13 cer t ifi cat ion d ead line spec ifi

ed in t he r egu latio ns 6 . Pa rt 7 5 m onitori n g s y ste m s a re con si de re d to be “pr ovisio nally cert ifi

ed” in the p er iod ext ending fr om t he da t e o f succ essfu l complet ion o f the
Table 2: Par t 75 Monitorin g Options

If an Affecte d Unit Is Classif

ied as a . . . Th ese ar e t h e Al lo wa bl e M on it ori n g Op ti on

s ...

Basic CEMS Pro vis ions a (§§75.10-18) Appen

dix D Met hod b App en

di x E Meth od c LME Meth od d (§75.19) App en

di x G Meth od e Excepted Hg Meth od f Coal-f ired unit under ARP, NBP, or CAIR T T

Coal-f ired unit under CAMR T T Non-pe aking oilfired or gas-fir ed unit under ARP, NBP, o r CAIR T T T T

Oil-fired or gasfired p eaking unit under ARP, NBP, or CAIR T T T T T

a For SO 2 , NO X , C O 2 , flow r ate, H g, op acit y, a nd h eat i npu t (a s ap plica ble). b For SO 2 emissi ons and heat input only.
c Fo r N O X emissi ons only. If Appendix E is used for NO x , Ap pe nd i x D mu st be us ed f or SO 2 and /or hea t inpu t. d If the LM E qua lif

ying thres holds are met and thismethod is s elect ed, it must be used for all paramet ers , i .e ., fo r SO 2 , NO X , C O 2 , and h eat inp ut (as applicab le)
e Fo r CO 2 emissi ons only f An y a ffected un it u nde r C AM R ma y u se a n “ exc epte d” sorb ent t ra p m oni tor ing syste m i nste ad of a n H g C EM S ( see § §7 2. 2 a nd 7 5. 15 ). L ow emitting s ources of Hg ( < 29 lb/yr ) m ay qu alify to u se the ex cepted mer cu ry lo w m ass em issions m ethod olog y desc ribed in § 75 .81 (b).7 Note that when “c onditio nal data validation” is used , the date o f pro visio nal certific ation may

be date on which certification testing be gins (or pe rhaps eve n earlier), rather than the date o n which the tes ting is completed (see S ection 9.5 of this guide).
8 U pon receipt o

f a c om ple te ce rtif ic ati on app lic ati on, the

reg ula to ry age nci es hav e 1 20 day

s to rev ie wthe applicatio n. A notice

of approv al or disapp

roval may

be issue d during this time period. Ab sent suc h notice, if

all require d te sts we re pas sed , the mo

nitoring s y ste

ms are co nside red to be ce rtifie d “b y def ault”.
9 EPA r eference m ethods ar e discussed i n Secti on 7. 7 of thi s guid e.
10 The term use d in Part 75 to de scrib e this is the “pe rcent monito

r data availability ”, or PMA. In its mos t ba sic

fo rm, the PMA represe

nts the p erce

ntage o f time that q

uality -ass ured d ata w as o

btained in a his toric al l ook ba ck t h r ou gh a ce r t a i n n um be r of u n i t op er a t i n g h ou r s. No t e t h a t t h e P MA t r a ck s t h e a va i l a bi l i t y of q ua l i t yassured data , n ot t he ava il abi li ty of in di vid ua l m oni tor in g syst ems . For exa mp le, if t he pr im ar y CEM S is out -ofservice but quality- assured data are recorded by a backup sy

stem, the PMA is unaffe

cted. 14 ce rti f i ca ti on tes ts 7 thr ough the en d of a 1 20- da y rev i ewperiod 8 , provided that the sy stems a re operate d i n a cc orda nc e w ith a

ll Par t 75 r eq ui rem en ts a nd the perm itti ng au thor ity doe s n ot dis approve the sy stems i

n the m eanti me . Emi ssi

ons data may

be reported as quali

ty-assured duri ng th i s pe ri od of provi si

onal certi f i cati on. Pa r t 75 r eq uir es emis sio ns d at a t o be r ep o r t ed fo rev er y ho ur t ha t an affe ct ed un it is operating, i

ncl udin g periods of s tart -up, shutdown, and m al fun ction. If one of

the required m on i tori n g s y ste m s is n ot wor ki n g or i s ou t-of -c ontrol (e .g. , i f it f ai l s on e of its r eq ui re d q ua l ity as su ran ce tes ts), da ta f rom an ap prov ed ba ck up m oni tor or f rom an EPA ref ere nc e m ethod 9 ma y be rep orted . If

qua l ity -as su red da ta f rom a b ac k-u p m oni tor or re f ere nc e m ethod a re n ot avai lab le, the Part 75 mi ssin

g data subst itution pro cedures must be used to estim ate emiss ions. The Par t 75 missing d at a r ou t ines for CE MS a re fou nd in §§ 75. 31 t hro ugh 7 5. 38 a nd t he routi ne s f or s orb en t trap m oni tori ng sy stem s a

re f ound i n § 75. 39. Th es e rou

tine s c ons i st of mat he mat ica l alg o r it hms t ha t ar e u se d t o de t er mine a n a pp r o pr iat e s ub st it ut e v alu e fo ran y un it operati ng hou r i n w hi ch qua l ity -as su red da ta a re n ot obta ined f or a m oni tored pa ram ete r (i .e. , f or SO 2 , NO x , Hg, CO 2 , O 2 , fl ow rat e, or moisture). General ly speaki ng, hi storical , quali

ty-assured moni to rin g data are used to determi ne the sub stitute data values . The exact sub stitute data values t hat ar e ap plied in a given s itu at ion d epe nds o n:

C The hi sto rical

avai lab il ity of quali ty-assured dat a from the m onitor( s) 10 ;
C The lengt h of t he missing dat a pe rio d; and
C For certain param eters (NO xand flo w r at e) , t he ho ur ly unit loa ds d ur ing t he m i ssi ng d ata per

i od. The m i ss in g d ata

proce dure s a

re de si gn ed to b e c on se

rv ati v e. Th i s prov i de s a n in cen tiv e to re du ce pe ri odsof m on itor d own

tim e, b y re wa rd in g h i gh pe rc en t m onitor d ata

av ai l ab il ity (P MA) 10 . Th

e proc ed ureswi ll pr odu ce con se rv ati v el y h i gh em i ss i on s e sti

mate s f or u n its with15

l ower PM A v al

ues . The monit or ing met hod olo gies in App endice s D, E, and G of P ar t 75 a lso ha ve missing data pr ocedur es. The mi ssin g data algor ithm

s under these appendices are considerabl y l ess com pl ex th an th e C EM S a

n d s orb en t tra p s y ste m al gor ithm s. The P ar

t 75 m i ss in g d ata substi tut ion procedures are di scussed i n greater detail

in Section 9 of thi s guide. 2.5 Conduct Quality Assurance/Qual ity Control Pr

ocedures Afte r c er t ifi

cat ion, t he fo llowing p er iod ic per for mance e valuat ions o f all m onit or ing sy stem s m

ust be c onducted, to ensu re the con tin ued accuracy

of the e m i ssi ons data:

C Th e q

ua l ity -as su ran ce tes ts f or CE MS inc l ude da il y as se ss m en ts (e .g., ca

l i brati on error t ests), weekly

assess me nts (sy stem i

ntegrity checks of

Hg CEMS equi

pped wi th c onv erte rs ), q ua rter l y as se ss m en ts (e .g., l ine ari ty ch ec ks ), a nd sem i -an nu al (or an nua l in s ome cas es) re l ative acc uracy test aud its (RA TAs );

C For sorbent trap moni to rin g sy stems, an

nual RATA s and the qual

ity assuranc e procedures of Part 75, Appendi x K are required;

C Fo rCAM R u nit s t ha t qu alify t o us e t he Hg lo w ma ss emis sio ns o pt io n, eit he rse miannual or annual Hg em

issi on test in g is requi red, dep endi

ng on the annual

mass emis sio n le ve l;

C Fo r Ap pend ix D fuel flowmet er s, a nnual ac cur acy t est s ar e r equ ired ; and

C Fo rAp pe nd ix E un it s a nd LM E un it s u sing sit e- sp ec ific e miss io n r at es , r e- t es t ing is requi red once e ve

ry 5 years . No t e t hat for linearit y check s, R ATAs, and fu el flowmet er acc ur acy t est s, t est exempt ions and test deadli

ne ex tensions are perm

itted by Part 75 in certai

n ci rcums tances. The requi

red QA tests for Part 75 moni

to rin g sy stems a

re dis cussed i

n greater detail

in section 8 of

this guide

. For all requi

red co ntinuous moni

to ring systems, a written quality ass urance (QA) plan m

ust be de ve l ope d a nd f oll owe d . Th

e q ua l ity con trol plan inc l ude s s tep -b y -s tep proc ed

ure s f or ea ch of the required QA

tests, as well

as procedures for cal

ib ration adj ustmen

ts, preventiv

e m ai ntenan ce, audi ts, reco rdkeepin

g and reporting. 2.6 Maintain Recor

ds The basic r eco rd kee ping p ro visions o f Par t 75 a re fou nd in Su bpar t F (§ 75. 53 a nd §§7 5.5 7 th

roug h 7 5.5 9). Mos t of

the req ui red rec ords are kept e l ec tron

i ca ll y , f or a m ini m um of three ye ars, usi

ng a data acqui si

tion and h andl in g sy stem (DA

HS), although som

e m onitorin g pla n16

in form ation an d qual ity assuranc e (QA) test support data is kept i n ha rd copy. The DA

HS re co rd s all dat a fro m the mo nito ring syst ems, t ra nslat es it into t he r equ ired unit s o f measur e, and sto re s th e d ata . W h en em i ss i on s d ata

are m i ss in g, t h e D A HS autom

ati ca ll y pe rf orm s m i ss in g d ata su bstitution. Th e D A HS a

l so el ec troni ca

ll y rec ords an d s tores operati ng da ta f or th e c om

bu sti on uni t, em i ssi on con trol de vi ce da ta, m oni torin g plan data, an d the resul ts of Q A che cks an d tests. Parall el recordkeeping s ections, that frequen tly ci te the basi

c Subpart F provi si ons, are found i n §75.73 of Subpa

rt H (for NO xmas s tra

di ng program s s uc h a s th

e N BP ) an

d i n § 75. 84 of Subpart I (for mercury mass trad in g pro grams such as the CAM R). The NBP, CAIR and CAMR rules al so in cl ude recordkeepin

g sections , but in

general , these sections

contain no new or uni

que re quir ement s. R at her , t hey ser ve as “ro ad s igns”, po inting ba ck t o t he r eco rd kee ping p ro visions in Su bpa rts F, H , and I. The el ectronic records that must be m ai ntain ed are qui te detailed and are n

ot dis cussed further i n thi s guide. Typi

cal ly, DAHS ven

dors can provide

software that meets the Part 75 recor dkeeping requirem

ents. 2.7 Repor

t Emis sions T he ba sic Pa r t 75 r ep o r t ing pr o visio ns ( o r igin ally w r it t en fo rt he ARP ) ar e fo un d in Sub pa rt G ( §§7 5.6 0 th

rough 7 5.6 4). Sub

pa rt G i nc l ude s req ui rem en ts to p rovi de

va rious ty pe s of not ifi cat ions a nd t o s ubmit mo nito ring p lans, c er t ifi cat ion ap plicat ions, and e lect ro nic emissions rep orts a t sp ec i f i ed tim es . Pa ral l el noti f i ca ti on a nd rep orti ng se cti ons , wh i ch ref ere nc e s ec ti ons

of Subpart G, are found i

n §§75.73 and 75.74 of Sub part H (for NO xt ra ding p ro gr ams suc h as t he NBP), a nd i n §7 5.84 of

Subpart I (f

or me rcury tradi ng p rogram s su ch as th e CA MR). The NBP, CAIR a

nd CA MR rul es al so in cl ude notif ic ation an d report in g sections , but the se se cti ons si m pl y ref ere nc e th e noti f i ca ti on a nd rep orti ng prov i si ons in S ub pa rts G , H, an

d I of Part 75. The CA

IR SO 2 rule ref

ers to Subpart G; the NBP an d CAIR NO xru l esre f

er to Su b pa rts G an d H; an d the

CA MR rul e ref

ers to Sub

part I. For uni ts under th

e Ac i d Rai

n Program

and/ or the CAIR

ann ual SO 2 and NO xt ra ding programs, em

is si ons report s m

ust be subm

itted four tim

es a y ear, i.e., one report for each calendar quarter. Uni

ts that are subject t o t he NO xBu dge t Prog ram or to th e C A IR oz one

se as on NO xtrading program, b

ut are not in ei ther the A

cid Rai n Program

or the CAIR

ann ual SO 2 and NO xpr og ra ms, have t he o pt ion o f rep or t ing emissions d at a eit her year- ro und o r o nly f or t he o zo ne se as o n ( Ma y 1 st

through September 30 th ). The qua rt er ly repo rt s allow EP A to t ra ck t he qu ality o f the emissions d at a t hro ugho ut t he year ( or oz one sea so n) a s we ll as the st at us o f emissions co mpar ed t o t he allow ance s held. The data and i nf ormation to be reported incl ude the fol

lowi ng:

C Facility informat ion;17

C The hou rly emissions d at a, op er at ing dat a, t he r esu lts o f the re quir ed Q A te st s, a nd othe r i nf orm ati on s pe ci f i ed in th e m oni tori ng plan an d re cord ke ep ing se cti ons of Part 75;
C Unit op er at ing ho ur s for t he qu ar t er and c umulat ive op er at ing ho ur s for t he calend ar year a nd/ or oz one sea so n;
C Tons of

SO 2 em itted durin

g the quarter an

d cum ul ativ e SO 2 mass emissio ns for t he cal enda r y ear (AR

P uni ts and un i ts in the CA IR SO 2 Tradi

ng P rogram, onl

y );
C Av erage NO xem

is si on rates (lb/m

mB tu) for t he quarter and for the year-to -date (ARP uni ts, and certain

uni ts in the NBP and CA

IR NO xTradi

ng P rogram s);
C Tons o f CO 2 emi

tt ed during the quart er and cumulative CO 2 mass emissio ns for t he cal en dar y ear (A RP un its, onl y );
C Tons of NO xem

itted durin

g the quarter and cumul

ative NO xmas s em

i ss i ons f or the cal endar y ear and/or ozone season, as appl ic abl e (for uni ts in the NBP and CAIR NO xTradi

ng P rogram s);
C Ounc es o f Hg emit t ed d ur ing t he qu ar t er and c umulat ive Hg mas s emissions for t he calendar y

ear (CAMR un

its, onl y); and
C Tot al

heat i nput (mm Btu) for quarter and cum

ula tive h eat in put for calen

dar yea r (o r o zo ne se aso n)— unless e xempt ed fr om hea t input re po rt ing by reg ulat ion. EPA req ui res the da ta b e s ub m

itted e l ec tron i ca ll y , b ec au se

of the l arg e v ol um e of informat ion t hat must be r epo rt ed. The Agenc y pro vides a st anda rd elect ro nic dat a r epo rt ing (EDR) format that must be us ed and provi des m onitorin g data checki

ng (MDC) sof

tware that can be us ed t o p er for m qualit y cont ro l check s o n t he da t a pr ior t o d at a su bmitt al. While use of t he MDC so ftw ar e is o pt ional, EP A enco ur age s it be cau se u sing t he MD C will cut do wn o n t he num ber of re-sub

missi ons and s ave ti

me and m oney . EPA processes each quarterly report through ri gorousqu al

ity con trol ch ecks to v er

i f y da ta a cc ur ac y an d c on f orm an ce to th e req

ui re d f orm at. Afte r t he r eview, t he Age ncy send s no t ifi cat ions t o t he affect ed s ou rc es, indicat ing whet her t he quarterly data are acceptable or unacceptabl e. The Part 75 repo rting requi remen ts are discus sed in more detail

in Section 10 of thi s guide.11 As prev ious ly -noted, Part 75 allow s the use of Appendix G , a non-CEMS metho d, to e stimate CO 2 mass emissions f

rom coal-fired units. Ho wev er, none of the co al-fired units in th e Acid R ain or NO x Budget Pr ogr am s ar e pr esen tl y usin g i t. Als o, for Hg, c er ta in coal -fir ed m ay qu al ify to u se th e low m ass emi ssi ons opt ion in §7 5.8 1(b

), i nstead of co

ntinu ou sl y

mo nito ring t he H g c onc ent rati on. 18 

### 3. 0 BASI C CONTINUOUS EMISS ION MONITORING REQUIREMENTS

The bas ic Part 75 co ntin

uous moni

to rin g approach i s to instal

l CEMS and a DA

HS on each aff ected uni t and record emi ssi

ons and h eat in put data. Thi s general

approach m

ust be f oll owed for comb ustion un its that burn c oal or any

ot her sol id f uel 11 (see Tabl

e 3). Oil -fi red and gas-f

ired uni ts may ei ther compl

y with thes e basi

c requirem

ents or may

use al ternative m

onitorin g me thods for so me or all par amet er s (s ee S ect ions 4 , 5 , a nd 6 o f this g uide fo r fur t her discu ssio n of t he al terna tiv e m ethods ). Table 3: Units that Must Comply with the Basic Part 75

CEMS Re quir

eme nts
The basic Part 75 CE MS requirements m ust be met f

or any un

it th at . . .

C Is co

al-f ire d, as d ef in ed in §72.2;

or th at

C Com

bust s w ood, re

fus e or o th er mate rial in addition to gas or fuel oil

3.1 What is

a cont inuous emi ssi on monitor

ing s yste m (CE MS)? A conti nuous em is si on moni

to rin g sy stem, or CEMS, consis ts of al l the e quipm ent needed to m ea su re a nd prov i de a p erm an en t rec ord of

the em i ss i ons f rom an af f ec ted un it. Ex am pl es of CEMS componen

ts in cl ude:

C Poll

utant conce

ntration m oni tors (e.g., SO 2 , NO x , or Hg m oni tors).
C Di

l uen t gas m oni tors, to mea sure

%O 2 or % CO 2 C Vol

um etri c f l ow m oni tors
C Sampl

e probes
C Sampl

e (“um bi li cal”) li nes
C Sampl

e pum ps
C Sa

m pl e c on di ti on in g e qu i

pm en t (e .g. , hea

ter s, con de n se rs , ga s d il uti on eq ui pm en t)
C Data logger s or pr ogr amm abl e logic controllers (PLCs)12 So me in-s itu mo nitoring s y ste

ms hav e a prob e that measure s at a s ingle p oint o r along a short p ath. Othe r in-situ sy stem s s end

a b ea m o f lig ht ac

ros s t he s tac k to a de te ct or.
13 There are tw o b asic ty pes o f w et-b asis e xtractive sy stems: (1) hot-w

et; and (2) dilu

tion extrac tive . Ho

tw et sy stem s ( w hic h are

se ldo m us ed) requi

re t he s amp le

line s a nd the anal y ze r to b e heated to

pre ve nt mo is ture from co ndensi ng. D ilutio

n-extra ct iv e s y stem s ( w hic h are

w ide ly-us ed in P art 7 5 ap

pli ca tio ns) pre ve nt condensation by

a diff erent principle. The g as sample is dilute d with large q

uantities of purif

ied air to kee

p it above its dew po

int. 19 C DA HS co mpo ne nt s t ha t ele ct r o nic ally r ec o r d a ll mea su r eme nt s a nd au t o mat ica lly calcu late and r eco rd emissions a nd hea t input in the u nits o f measur e r equ ired by the rule. The spe cific compo nent s o f a CE MS d epe nd up on t he pa ra mete r be ing monit or ed, t he m eas urem en t princ i pl e of the C EMS, an

d the requi red un its of m eas ure. Som

e com ponents a re com m on to al l sy stem s, wh i l e others are speci f i c to a parti

cul ar m oni torin g tech nol ogy . To il lus trat e:

C The key

componen

ts of every

Part 75 CEMS are t he anal yz er(s) and the DA

HS (se e T able 4) . T able 4 s how s t hat all Par t 75 C EM s yste ms, exc ept for one , ha ve only one componen

t moni to r. The excepti on is

the NO xem

is si on rate, o r “NO x - dil uent” m onitorin g sy stem, whi

ch m easures NO xin

lb /mm Btu. This s ystem in cl udes both a NO xmoni

to r and a dil

uent gas monitor (either CO 2 or O 2 ).

C PLCs and data loggers ar e common to all types of CEMS

C Probe s, sa

m pl e l ine s, v acuu

m pum ps a nd s am pl e condi tion ing equi pm en t are asso ciat ed w ith “ext ra ct ive” CE MS, which co nt inuo usly withd ra w a s ample o f the eff lue nt gas f rom the stack and se

nd i t t o an anal

yz er located i

n a cl imatecontrol l ed en vi ronm en t (i.e ., a “ CEMS sh

el ter”).

C “In-si

tu” CEMS, which

anal yz e the ef fl uent gas at stack conditions, someti me s have probes 12 , bu t un like ex t r ac t ive sys t ems , do no t r eq uir e s amp le line s, sa mple condi tioni ng equi pme nt, etc.

C Extract iv

e CEMS t hat measure on a dry basi s require moi sture r emoval sys tems, wh er ea s w et ba sis ex t r ac t ive sys t ems 13 do n ot. T he nu mbe ro f r eq uir ed mo nit o r s c an so met imes be minimize d b y sha r ing ce r t ain componen

ts among two or more moni to rin g sy stems. F

or exampl e, data from a s in

gle dil uent gas moni to r could be us ed to calcul ate NO xemission rate and CO 2 mass em issi ons.20 Table 4: Part 75 CE M Sy stems Ty pe o f Mo nito ring System (Uni ts of Mea sure) Key Com pon en ts:
SO 2 Mon itor NO x Mon itor Flow Mon itor Dil uent Gas a Mon itor Hg Mon itor g Moisture Mon itor Opacit

y Mon itor DAHS
SO 2 concentr at ion (pp m) % %
NO x emiss ion r at e (l b/mm Btu) % % %
NO x concentr at ion b (pp m) % % Hg concentr at ion ( : g/scm) % %
Stack gas f low rate (scfh) % %
CO 2 concentr at ion c (% CO 2 ) % %
O 2 concentr at ion d (% O 2 ) % %
Mois tu re e (% H

2 O) % % Op acity

f (%) % %

a Diluent gas is eit her CO 2 or O 2 . b This type of sy stem is u sed only by NO x Budget Program or CAI R NO x Program sources, in conjunction wit h a stack flow monitor, to quanti fy

NO x mass emis sions.

c Note that CO 2 conc

entration may be determined indirectly, using an O 2 monitor and Equatio n F-14a or F- 14b. In the A cid Rain Program, thi s type of sy stem is u sed with a flow monitor to quantify CO 2 mass emiss ions. In the NO x Budget Program or CAI R NO x Pro gra

m, it isused e

xclu sive ly fo r heat input ra

te dete rmina tion s.
d This type o

f sy stem is used exclusively for heat input rate determinations. An O 2 monitor is required.

e This ty pe of sy stem is used w

heneve r the emissio

ns or he at input ca

lculatio ns require a correc

tion f or the stac

k gas m oisture co ntent.

fThis type o

f sy stem is required only f or co al-fired and certain oil-f

ired units in the Acid Rain Program . It is generally referred to as a “co

ntinuous opac

ity mo nitoring sy stem”, or “COMS”, rather than a CEMS.

g A so rbent trap monitoring system may be used to mo

nitor the Hg c oncentration, in lieu of a Hg CEMS.21

3.2 What is a sorben t trap monit oring sy stem ? As prev iousl y n ot ed i n Section 2.2, ab ove, a sorbent trap moni to rin g sy stem i s an al ternati ve ty pe of c ontin

uous Hg m

oni toring s y stem

that may be us ed i nstead of an Hg CEMS, for any aff ected uni t under the CAMR

rule. A sorbent trap system

continuousl

y s am ple s the stack ga s f or an ex tende d pe riod of tim e (a ny wh ere f rom seve ral hou rs to se ve ral da y s, d ep en di ng on t he Hg co ncent ra t ion in t he st ack ). Mer cur y is collect ed inside a t ube ( “tr ap” ) t hat is fil led wit h a so r be nt med ium s uc h a s a ct iva t ed ca r bo n, an d a dr y ga s me t er is u se d t o mea su r e t he t o t al v o lume of d ry stack gas sam pl ed du ring th e data c oll

ection pe ri od. T he so r be nt t r ap sys t em is simila rt o an ex t r ac t ive

- t ype CE MS , in t ha t it co nt inu o us ly sam ple s the stack gas an

d uses a m

oisture removal

sy stem. However, the si mi la rity ends there, as t he so r be nt t r ap sys t em d iffer s fr o m a C E MS in man y wa ys. Fir st , it do es no t mea su r e t he r ea lt ime Hg co ncent ra t ion eve ry ho ur . R at her , it gives o nly an avera ge H g co ncent ra t ion o ver t he data collection peri

od, and this a

verage concen

trat ion c ann

ot be known until

the sorbent traps have be en ana lyzed in the lab. S eco nd, unlike a C EMS , w hich samples a t a co nst ant ra t e, t he sample flow ra t e t hro ugh a so rbe nt t ra p is var ied du ring t he co llectio n per iod , in pr op or t ion t o t he st ac k g as vo lume t r ic flo w r at e. T hir d, pa ire d s o r be nt t r ap sys t ems mus t be r un simu lt an eo us ly du r ing ea ch da t a c o llec t io n p er io d, an d t he Hg co nc en t r at io ns o bt ain ed fr o m t he t wo sys t ems must agr ee t o w ithin a sp ecified t oler ance t o va lidat e t he da t a. Finally , t he ce rt ifi cat ion and ongoi ng qua l i ty -as su ran ce tes t req ui rem en ts f or s orb en t trap sy stem s a

re c ons i derab

l y di f f ere nt f rom t hos e fo r a n Hg C EMS . T he o nly QA tes t co mmon t o bo t h t ypes o f syste ms is the RATA. The ce r t ifica t io n a nd QA t es t r eq uir eme nt s fo rHg mo nit o r ing sys t ems ar e d isc us se d fu r t he rin Sections 7 an

d 8 of thi s guide. 3.3 Primary and B ackup M onit oring S ystems Fo r e ach mo nito re d po lluta nt or par amet er , P ar t 75 r equ ires t hat a pr imary monito ring sys t em b e d es ign at ed

. Da t a fr o m t he pr imar y sys t em must be reported i

f it is in-s ervi ce. How ever, wh

en the pri mary sy stem i s n ot ab l e to p rovi de

qua l ity -as su red da ta, d ata f rom one of the fol lowi ng type s of b ackup m

onitors or moni

to rin g sy stems m

ay be reported:

C Redundant backups . A redundan t backup m

onitorin g sy stem i s a f

ull y-certi fi ed, sta ck - or d uc t-m oun ted sy stem tha t con tinu ous l y rec ords da ta a nd i s k ep t on “ hot st and- by” in case o f a pr imary syste m ou t age . A r edu ndant back up mo nito ring syst em is op er at ed, maintained and q ualit y-ass ur ed in t he sa me manner a s t he pri mary sy stem
. C Non-redundant backups . A non-redundant backup monitoring system is a ce r t ified sys t em t ha t do es no t o pe r at e c o nt inu o us ly. R at he r , it is k ep t o n “c o ld st an d- by”, an d mu st pa ss a s ub st an t ive qu alit y-a ss ur an ce t es t ea ch t ime it is bro ught into ser vice. Fo r e xample, befo re a no n-r edu ndant back up g as mo nito ring sy stem ca n b e u se d f or Pa rt 75 rep orti

ng , i t m us t pa ssa l

ine ari ty ch ec k. Th e u se of a n o n- r ed un da nt ba ck up sys t em is r es t r ict ed t o 72 0 h o ur s p er yea rat a g ive n u nit or stack l ocati on.14 Except for opacity data, which genera lly has a sh orter a veragin g period (e.g. , 6 min utes)
15 Ho we ve r, when required qu ality -assurance or maintenance activitie s are pe rformed during a unit ope rating hour, o

nly tw o d ata po

ints (in tw

o s eparate

quadrants , > 15 minute s a part ) are nee de d to v ali dat e t he hourl y ave

rage. Thi s helps to min imiz e data loss dur ing m anda tory QA activities. 22 C Like-k ind replacem ent anal yzers . A li

ke-kind replacem

ent analy zer is a gas analyzer of t he sa me type as t he pr imary (i.e ., it mo nito rs t he sa me par amet er by the sam e m easurem ent prin ci ple ). A l ike -kin d replac em

ent anal yz er may be used for short periods of tim

e when the prim ary an al yz er mal fun ctions or needs ma in tenance. The repl

acem ent anal yz er does not require certif ic ation, provided that i t is conn ected to the

sam e prob e an

d sa m pl e i nterf ace as th e pri mary an al y zer, and that i t is n ot used f or more than 720 hours per year at a particul ar uni t o r stack l oca ti on . A l in ea ri ty ch ec k of th e a n al y ze r i s r eq ui re d e ac h tim e i t i s b rou gh t in to servi ce.
C Reference method backups . EPA ref ere nc e te st m

ethods (e. g., Method 6C

f or SO 2 or Method 7E for NO x ) may be us ed t o p ro vide qu ality-a ssu re d da t a du ring CEMS outages
. A l th ou gh it might sa ve mone y ini t ially, failur e t o ha ve bac kup or re dund ant monit or ing equi pme nt could resul

t in over-reporting of

em is si ons i n the l ong run. For exam

ple , suppose that the same CO 2 moni

to r is used to det ermi

ne both CO 2 ma ss em

is si ons and NO xem

is si on rate. When the CO 2 moni

to r mal fun ctions, the m

is si ng data procedures for both NO xand CO 2 must be appl ied, sin ce the sy stems f

or NO xand CO 2 ar e c o nsid er ed t o be o ut
- o f- co nt r o l. As p r ev io us ly noted, th e Part 75 m

i ssi ng d ata proce dures

tend to produce i

ncreas ingl y m ore cons erv ative

(i .e., con se rv ati v el y h i gh ) e m i ss i on s e sti

mate s a s th

e PMA de crea se s. Theref

ore , l on g m i ss in g d ata periods may

result in s ign

if ican t o ver-repo rting of emi

ssions an d loss of al

lowance credits. 3.4 How must a CEMS be oper ated? The m ini m um operati ng a nd d ata ca

pture re qui

rem en ts f or Part 75 CE

M sy stem s are su mmar ize d in T ab le 5

. I n g en er al, t he CE MS mus t be o pe r at ed at all t imes wh en t he un it is co mbust ing fuel, e xcep t when t he monit or s ar e being c alibrat ed, maintained , o r r epa ired . As pr eviou sly not ed, eac h CE MS mus t be eq uipp ed w ith an a ut omat ed D AHS, t o r eco rd t he em is si ons data and to reduce it to hourly averages 14 . T o mak e an ho ur ly averag e, at least one v al i d d ata poi n t (g en er al l y , th i s m ea n s a v al i d on e- m inute av er ag e) i s r eq ui re d i n ea ch 15 -m inute quadrant o f the hour in wh ich the unit operat es. 15 A si

ngl e DAHS i s usual

ly suf fi ci ent to manage data for all

the parame

ters that must be m

onitored.16 Diluent gas mo nitors giv e a reado

ut in % CO 2or %O 2, but t his is si mpl y

a po w er o f 10 mul tip le

o f the parts per millio n value, e .g., 10% CO 2cor re spon ds t o 100 ,0 00 p pm v. 23 Table 5: Mi nimum Operating and Dat a Captu re Requirements

fo r Pa rt 75 CE MS

Fo r t h is pa ra m ete r... The CEMS m

ust com ple te on e cycl e of sampl ing and an al yz in g a t l ea st... And record valid da ta at le as t... And

the DAHS m

ust reduce th e recorded da ta to.. . SO 2 , CO 2 , O 2 , NO x , Hg, moist ur e, and fl ow rate Once fo r each succ es siv e 1 5-m in ute period Once for e ach 15- minute “quadr ant” in each unit opera ting ho ur Hou rl y a ver ag es

Opaci ty Once fo r each suc cessive 10 -second period Once fo r each suc cessive a vera ging period 6-minut e avera ges or oth er r equi red aver aging per iod

3.5 How are em

issions and heat input rates determ ined from

CEMS data? T he met ho ds fo rde t er mining emis sio ns a nd he at inp ut r at es ar e s ho wn in T ab le 6

. T his tabl e pres en ts the g eneral

equa tion s us ed to conv

ert m oni torin g data i nto the u ni ts of m eas ure requi red b y Part 75. Th

e equ ati ons a

re som ewhat di f f eren t for ea ch param eter m oni tored, bu t are based on the s am

e prin ci ple s. These pri

nci ple s are expl

ai ned b el ow. The ga s m

oni tors required by

Part 75 (i .e., SO 2 , NO x, CO 2 and O 2 ) m ea su re c onc en trati on in par t s pe r mill

ion by vo lume (p pmv) 16 , wi th on e e xc ep ti on—

Hg m oni tors m ea su re c onc en trati on in m i crogram s pe r stan dard cubi c m eter ( : g/s cm

). H owe ve

r, c onc en trati on data al one are not su f f i ci en t to ch ar ac ter i ze em i ss i on s un de

r Pa rt 7 5- --th e c on cen tra

ti on s m us t b e c on v er

ted in to em i ssi on rates . The

rul e sp eci f i es th e app ropri ate con

ve rsi on f actors to use
. The un its of the e

m i ssi on rates are p ounds pe

r standa rd cub i c f oot (lb /scf ) for SO 2 and NO x , t ons per st andard cubic f oo t (t ons/scf) for CO 2 , a nd o unc es pe r s t and ar d c ubic fo o t (o z/ sc f) f or Hg. These

em i ssi on rates are th en use d to determ

ine the em i ssi ons i n th e un its of m eas ure req ui red by Par t 75, i .e. , ei

the r m as s p er uni

t of tim e (l b/ hr , ton s/ hr , or oz /h r), m as s p er uni

t of he at inpu t (e.g., l b/m m Btu), or si

m pl y mass (poun ds, tons , ounc es).24 Tabl e 6: Ca lc ula ting E mis sion s and Heat Input Ra te fr om P ar t 75 CE MS Data
To calculate this qu an tity. . . These param eters mu st be m on it ore d . . . And an equation with this general

str u ctu re is u sed . . . Exam ple Eq uatio ns a SO 2 or NO x mass e m is si on rate (l b/h r)

or CO 2 mass emission rate (tons/h r)

or Hg mass emission rate (o unce s/h r) SO 2 concentr at ion and

st ac k ga s f

low r at e
or CO 2 concentr at ion and st ac k ga s f

low r at e
or Hg concentr at ion and st ac k ga s f

low r at e E = (K) * (C) * (Q) * (H 2 O)

Where: E = SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 or Hg mass emiss ion rate (lb /hr or ton s/hr or oun ces /hr) K = Spe cie s-s pe cifi c conve rs ion co nstant b C = Hourly

average SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , or Hg conce nt ra ti on ( ppm v or %CO 2 , or : g/scm) Q = Hour ly ave ra ge vol ume tr ic fl ow rate (scfh) H 2 O = Moisture correction term (if SO 2 , CO 2 , or Hg is me asured

on a dry basis) F-1, F-2

SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , or Hg m ass em issio ns (lb, to ns, o r ounces) SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , or Hg

conc en trati on , stack g as flo w r a te a nd op er a ti ng t ime M = (E) * (t op ) Where: E = SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , or Hg mass emissi on rate, calcul ated as shown above (lb/hr, to

ns/hr, o r ou nce s/hr) t op = Operati ng time c (hr) F-3, F-12, F-26, F-28, F-29

NO x emiss ion r at e (l b/mm Btu) NO x concentr at ion

and Di lu en t g as (CO 2 or

O 2 ) concentr at ion R = (K) * (C) * (F) * (D)* (H 2 O)
Where: R = NO x emission rate (lb/mmBtu) K = Conv

ersion co nstant b C = Hourly average NO x conce nt ra ti on (p pmv) F = Fuel- spec

ific F-f acto r (dsc f/m mBtu or scf CO 2 /mmBtu) D = Diluen

t ga s co rrection term H 2 O = Moistur e correction term (i f NO x and diluent are measured on a diff erent mo isture basis) F-5, F-6,

19-4, 19-8

NO x mass e

mi ssions (lb) (Alter nat e me

thod) Heat in

put rate, NO x emission ra te, a nd oper at ing t ime M = (R) * (HI) * (t op ) Where: M = NO x mass emissions (lb) R = NO x emission rate (lb/mmBtu) HI = Heat input ra

te (mm Btu/h r) t op = Operati ng time c (hr) F-2425 Table 6 (cont’d)
To calculate this qu an tity. . . These param eters mu st be m on it ore d . . . And an equation with this general

str u ctu re is u sed . . . Exam ple Eq uatio ns a He at in put rate (m m Bt u/h r) Di lu en

t g as concentr at ion and stack gas f low rate HI = (Q) * (1/F) * ( 1/D)*(H 2 O) Where: HI = Heat input ra

te (mm Btu/h r) Q = Hour ly ave ra ge vol ume tr ic fl ow rate (scfh) F = Fuel- spec

ific F-f acto r (dsc f/m mBtu or scf CO 2 /mmBtu) D = Diluen

t ga s co rrection term H 2 O = Mois ture correctio n term (if required) F-15, F-16, F-17, F-18

Opaci ty Opacity (%) Follow the site-specif ic instructions of

the instrument m

anufac turer ------- a Equation co

des beginning with “F” are fro m Appendix F o

f Part 75. Equations beginning w ith “19" are from EPA

Method 19, in Appendix A

-7 of 40 CFR Part 60.

b The appropriat e co

nstan ts are 1.660 x 10 -7 lb/scf-ppm for SO 2, 1.194 x 10 -7 lb/scf -ppm for NO x , 5.7 x 10 -7 tons/s cf

-%CO 2fo

r CO 2 , and 9.978 x 10 -10 oz- scm / : g-scf fo r Hg.

c Opera tin g tim e is defin ed as th e fracti on of the h our in which th e uni t opera tes (or, for a common stack, th e frac tion o f the hour that e

xhaust g ase s f

low through the

stac k). For e xample , t op = 1.00 f

or a fu ll hour of unit operat ion, 0.50 for a h alf-h our of un it oper ati on, et c. Determining lb/m mBtu emission rates To o btain em is si on rates in

terms of m

ass per uni

t o f h eat in put (e.g. , NO xemis sio n r at e in l b/ m m Btu ), th e e m i ss i on rate

in l b/sc f i s m ul ti pl i ed by a f ue l -s pe ci f i c “ F- f ac tor.” Th e F -f

ac tor relates the volume of stack gas or CO 2 pr od uce d by co mbust ion t o t he ca lor ic heat co nt ent of t he fuel comb usted. For exampl

e, typical uni ts for an F-f

actor ar e dry s tandard cubi c fee t o f s tack gas per mi ll ion Btu heat input (dscf/mm Btu) , or standard cubic feet of CO 2 per mi ll ion Btu (scf CO 2 /mmBtu ). The F-fac t or s, w hich are listed in Append ix F of the rul e, a re d eri ved f or ea ch ty pe of fuel base d o n t he t her mod ynamic principles o f co mbust ion. Since F -fac t or s ar e de rived assu ming that fuel and ai r are mi xed i n an exact stoichi

ometric ratio and that combustion is compl ete, correct ions

for exces s ai

r are needed. Determining mass emission rates To obt ain emission r at es in t er ms of mass p er unit t ime (lb/hr, t ons /hr , o r o z/hr ), t he emis sio n r at e ( lb/ sc f, t o ns/ sc f, o ro z/ sc f) is mu lt iplie d b y t he st ac k g as flo w r at e, in st an da r d c ub ic feet per hour (scf

h). For NO x, t he mass e mission ra t e in lb/hr may also be ca lculat ed by mul tipl yi ng the NO xem

i ssi on rate ( l b/m m Btu) b y the h eat i npu t rate (m m Btu/h r).26

Deter mining heat input ra

te, in mmBtu/hr T o de t er mine h ea t inp ut r at e ( mmBt u/ hr ) , t he mo nit o r ed st ac k g as flo w r at e ( sc fh) is div ided by the F-f actor ( scf /mm Btu) and a correction for exces s ai r is a ppli ed. Converting mass emission rates and heat input rates To c on v er

t an h our l y pol l uta n t m as s e m i ss i on ra te ( e. g., l b/h r) to mas s ( e. g., l

b ), or to con ve rt an hou rl y he at i np ut ra te (m m Btu /h r) to h ea t inp ut (m m Btu ), m ul ti pl y the em i ss i on ( or he at inpu t) rate by the ope rati ng ti m e. The opera

tin g tim e, t op , is d efined as t he fra ct ion o f the hour i n whi ch the uni t comb usts f uel . For un

its shari ng a com m on stac k, i f the C EMS ar

e instal l ed on th e s tac k, th

e op era ting tim e i s th e f racti on of the hou r th at e xh au st g as es f

l ow through the s tack. F

or exa m pl e, t op = 1 .00

f or a f ul l hou r of un it operati on, 0.5 0 f or a h al f -h our of uni t o peration, etc. 3.6 When ar

e cor rec tions fo r s tack ga

s mois ture c ontent re quired? Determ ina tion of th e stack gas

m ois ture con

tent i s req ui red on l y in c ertai n s ituati ons w

he re CEMS are used to satisf

y the Part 75 moni

to rin g requirem

ents. Tabl

e 7 sum ma rizes when correct ion f

or t he stack gas m

oisture content is requi

red. General

ly speaki ng, the stack gas m oi stu re con ten t m us t b e m on itore d w h en

two p ar am

ete rs in th e em i ss i on or h ea t inpu t ra te equa tion (e.g., ga s con

cen tration an d stack gas

f l ow rate) are

not m eas ured on

the s am e m ois ture ba si s (i .e., one

i s m eas ured on

a wet b asis an

d the other on a dry ba si s). Fo r e xample, flow r at e monit or s alwa ys measur e st ack gas flow o n a we t basis. This means that t he v olum

e of gas m

easured i ncl udes the contrib

ution f rom the m

oisture content of the stack gas. Th eref ore, when a gase ous poll

utant such

as SO 2 i s m

ea su re d on a d ry b as i s, in ord er to obtain the correct ma ss em

i ssi on rate i n l b/h r, the dry -bas i s SO 2 co ncent ra t ion is multip lied by the wet-basi s stack gas f

low rate, and a m

oisture correct ion is appl

ied. As a sec ond exam

ple , when NO xem is ssi on rate in l

b/m mB tu is m

easured, a m

oisture correct ion is needed i f the NO x concentrat ion and di

luen t gas monitors measure on diff erent moisture bases. If a correction

f or the s tack ga s m

ois ture con

tent i s req ui red, one of

the f oll owing m ois ture me asurem

ent me thods must be us ed:

C An O 2 anal

yzer (or analy

zers) capable of m

easuring on both a wet and dr y b asis.
C A c onti

nuous m ois ture se ns or.
C A st ac k t emp er at ur e s en so ran d a mo ist ur e lo o k- up t ab le ( fo rsa t ur at ed ga s s t r ea ms onl y ).
C A f

uel -spe ci f i c def aul t moi sture val

ue def ine d i n Pa rt 75 (f or coal an d wood, onl

y ).
C A si

te-specif ic defaul t mois ture value a

pproved by

petition un

der §75.66.27 Table 7: Correc

tion for Stack Ga

s Moistur

e Content
Fo r t h is pa ra m ete r . . . A co rrecti on f or s ta ck gas m oi stu re is re qu ir ed if . . . SO 2 mass e m

is si on rate (l b/h r) SO 2 concentrat ions are measur ed on a dry ba sis NO x em issio n rate ( lb/m mB tu) NO x an d dil uen t g a s c onc ent r a ti ons ar e not mea su r ed on t he s a me moisture ba sis NO x mass emissions (lb) NO x mass is calc ulated as the

product of

NO x co nc en trati on , stack g as flow rate and ope

rating tim e, and the NO x co

nc e nt rati ons are measured on a dry ba sis Hg mass e

mi ssions (o

unces) Hg concentrat ions are measur ed on a dry ba sis CO 2 mass e

m issi on rate (to ns /h r) CO 2 concentrat ions are measur ed on a dry ba sis
Heat i nput ra te (m m Bt u/h r) CO 2 is t

he di lue nt g as and

is m easu red on a dry basis ; or O 2 is mea su red as the di

lu en t g as
3.7 What if a u nit ha s multiple stacks or shares a stack with other uni ts? If a un it shares a comm

on stack with other uni

ts or emits through m

ulti ple stacks, Part 75 requires procedures to be i mpl em ented that ensure compl

ete emi ssi ons and h eat in put accounting. In so me case s, t he pr oc edu re s will requ ire mo nito ring syst ems t o be insta lled at mor e t han o ne st ac k o rdu ct lo ca t io n. T he co nfig ur at io n o f du ct wo r k a nd st ac ks , t he pr o gr am( s) t ha t t he un it is subjec t t o, and t he r egu lato ry st at us o f the unit s (i. e. , a ffect ed o r no n-a ffect ed) det er mine the num be r of m oni tors ne eded

and the requi red l ocati ons. Comm on and m ulti ple stack confi

gurations f

or t he v arious tradin

g programs are addressed in sever al different place s wit hin Par t 75. Fo r Acid Rain Pr og ra m units, t he r ule pr ovisio ns pertai ni ng to comm

on and m ul tipl e stacksare f

ound i n §§ 75 .16 through 75.18 . For CAIR SO 2 Tradin g Program uni

ts, t he provi si ons are i

n §75.16. For NO xBud get Tr ading P ro gr am unit s and CAIR NO xTra

di n g P rog ra m un its, th e a pp l i ca b l e prov i si on s a re in §7 5.7 2. F

or H g B ud get un

its und er CA MR, th e com m on an d m ul tip l e stack provi si

ons a re f ound i n §7 5.82. Th es e rul e prov i si

ons are su m mari ze d i n T ab l e II -A

of A ppe nd ix II of this g ui de . F or confi gurations that are not covered in Tabl e II-A, sources should c ontact E PA f or additional guida nce. 3.8 What ar

e the mis sing data pr

ocedur es fo r CE MS ? For ea ch uni t operati ng h our in whi

ch qual ity-a ssu red C EMS da

ta are n ot obtaine d (i .e., ar e missing), Par t 75 r equ ires s ubst itu t e da t a t o be re po rt ed. The ra t her co mplex CE MS missing data proc edure s are

di scu ssed i

n de tail in Secti on 9 of

thi s gui de.17 Th e defi ni ti ons of gas -fir ed a nd oil -fir ed i n § 72. 2 ea ch con sis t of t wo par ts. On e pa rt of th e defi ni ti on

applie s to all purpo ses

under the

Aci d Ra in Prog ram except for Part 7 5, an d the oth er appl ies exc lusiv ely to Pa rt 75. In Tables 8 and 9, only the Part 75-specif ic piece s of

the definitions are presented. 28 

### 4.0 APPENDIX D METHODOLOGY FOR GAS- FIRED AND OIL- FIRED UNITS
If an af fected unit m

eets t he defi

nition of gasfire d o ro il-fir ed , t he alt er na t ive met ho do lo gy in A ppe nd ix D of Par t 75 m ay be us ed instead of CEMS, for certain pa

rameters. Appen

dix D appl ie s onl y to t he m easure m ent of th e SO 2 mas s em

i ss i on rate and the uni

t heat in put rat e. 4.1 What is

a gas -fir ed or oil -fir ed unit ? Gas-fi red and oil

-fi red uni ts are defi ned 17 in Tabl es 8 and 9. Tabl e 8: Gas-F ired Uni ts
Acc ord in g to §72. 2, a com bu sti on unit is a gas -f ir ed unit if it . . .

C Com

busts natural g as or oth

er g aseo us fue l(s) (in clud ing co al-d eriv ed fue l), such that g aseo

us fuel combustion account s for a t least :

< 90.0 pe

rce nt of the un it’ s av erage

ann ual he at i np ut d urin g t he pre viou s th ree calen dar year s, and < 85.0 perce

nt of the annu al he

at input in

each of th ose cale ndar years, and

C Combus ts f

uel oil for t he remaining heat inp ut ( if any)

Tabl e 9: Oil-Fired Uni ts Acco rdi ng to §72.2, a combu stion unit is an oil -fir ed unit if it . . .

C Com

bust s o nl y f ue l o il and gas eo us f ue l( s), and

C Do esno

t m ee t th e de fini tio n o f a g as-f ire d uni t i n § 72.2 The alte rnative met hodo logy in Appendix D of Pa rt 75 for gasfired a nd oil -fir ed unit s per tains to the monit oring of the SO 2 mass emission ra te and the un it heat input rate.18 These metho ds re

pres ent c onse

nsus standards e stablishe d b y vario us o rganizations, e.g ., ASM

E, API , AGA , and ISO

. 29 4.2 What is the Ap pendix D alter native monitoring

method ? Th e a l tern ati ve m oni tori ng m ethodol ogy i n A ppe nd ix D req ui res con tinu ous m oni tori ng of the fuel fl ow rat e and periodic sam

pli ng of the fuel

characteristics, such as sulf ur co ntent, g ross calo rific value ( GCV ), and d ensit y. The measu re d fue l fl ow ra t es a re use d t og et her wit h t he resul ts of the f uel sam pl ing an d ana l y si s to determi

ne the SO 2 mas s e miss io n r at e a nd /o rt he un it heat input ra t e, dep ending o n t he r equ irement s o f the app licable pro gr am(s) . T he App endix D m ethodol ogy i s su m mari zed i n Ta bl e 10. Table 10: Appendix D Monitoring Methodology for Gas-F ired and Oil -Fir ed Uni ts
If an af fe cte d u nit is . . . Pa

rt 75 a llows . . . And to obtain the n ecessary da ta . . . In the Acid Ra in Pr ogra m or th e CAI R SO 2 Tr ading Pr ogra m and meets the de fin itio n of oi l-fi red or g asfi red in §72. 2 The SO 2 mass e

m issi on rate (lb/h r) and the uni t heat input ra te ( mmBtu /hr ) t o be c al cu la ted ba sed on measur ed fuel flow rat es and fuel

charact eristics The fuel flow rate is

cont in uo usl y m on ito red, and Per iodic fuel sa mpling and anal ysi s is co nd

ucte d to determine some or all of t he fo ll ow in g- -- f uel sul fur co nte nt, GCV, and

de nsi ty In the NO x Budget T ra ding Program or the

CAIR NO x Trading Program(s), but i s not in the Acid Ra in Pr ogra m or th e CAI R SO 2 Tr ading Prog ram, an d i f th e u ni t m ee ts the definition of oil-fir ed or gas -fi red in §72. 2 The uni t he at in put rate (mmBt u/ hr ) t o be c al cu la ted ba sed on measur ed fuel flow rat es and fuel

charact eristics The fuel flow rate is

cont in uo usl y m on ito red, and Per iodic fuel sa mpling and anal ysi s is co nd

ucte d to de term in e t he GCV 4.3 How is the f

uel f low r ate mea sur ed ? Appe ndix D r equ ires t he fuel flow ra t e t o be co nt inuo usly monito re d and t he da t a t o be re duc ed t o ho ur ly averag es. To achieve t his a cer t ifi ed fu el flowmet er or a co mmercial bill ing mete r may be us ed. To cer t ify a fuel flow mete r, its a ccu ra cy must be es t ablished u sing o ne o f the me thods 18 spe ci

f i ed i n s ection 2.1.5 .1 of

Appen di x D
.19 Acid Rain Pr ogram a nd CAIR SO 2Program units, o nly 30 C In mo st cas es, t he ce rt ifi cat ion t est pr oc edu re co nsist s o f calibrat ing t he met er wit h a fl owing f lui d, at t hree f

low rates coveri

ng i ts normal operating range . Ge ne r ally, t his re quir ement is met by ca librat ing t he flow mete r in a labo ra t or y, alt hou gh t he flowmet er may be calibrat ed a t t he affect ed fac ili t y, by co mpar ison a gainst an in-line “mast er mete r” which has been t est ed fo r a ccu ra cy within t he pa st 365 days u sing o ne of the m ethods in section 2.1.5.1 of Appe

ndi x D.

C A l ter n ati v el y , a n ori f i ce -, n ozz l e- or ven

tur i -ty pe f l owm ete r m ay b e c er tif i ed i f its pr imar y ele men t ( fo rex amp le, t he o r ifice pla t e) mee t s t he de sig n c r it er ia s pe cifie d in American G as Ass oc iatio n Rep or t No . 3 , a nd if its p re ssu re , t emper at ur e, and different ial pre ssu re t ra nsmitt er s ar e ca librat ed w ith st anda rd s t ra cea ble to t he National Ins titute of

Stand ardsan d Tech

nol ogy (NIST).

C A com

me rcial bi ll in g me ter may be used f or Appendi

x D appl ic ations wi

thout cer t ifi cat ion, if the met er can p ro vide ho ur ly averag e fuel flow ra t es, and if t he regul ated s ource i s not aff

i l i ated wi th the bi ll ing c omp an

y . 4.4 What are the fuel sampling r equirements of

Appendix D ? For both gaseous fuels and f uel oil , Appendi

x D requi res periodi

c sam pli ng of f uel characteri stics (sul

fur content and/or GCV and/or dens ity ). The required sa

mpl es m ay be taken eit he rby t he o wn er / o pe r at o r , t he fu el s up pl ier , o rby a n in de pe nd en t lab o r at o r y. Sampling of gase ous fuels Appen di x Ddi vi des gas eous f

uel s i nto thre e ca

tegori es: ( 1) pi

pel ine na tural gas (PNG); ( 2) na t ur al g as ; a nd ( 3) o t he rga se o us fue ls. T he dis t inc t io n be t we en PN G a nd na t ur al g as is in the fuel sul fur content. Natural gas m ay have as m

uch as 20 grai

ns of to tal sul fur per 100 standard cubi

c fee t (i.e., 20 gr/100 scf), but to qualif y a s PNG, the tot al

sul fur content of the gas m us t not e xc ee d 0. 5 gr

/10 0 s cf . Th e A ppe nd ix D f ue l sa m pl ing an d a na l y si s req ui rem en ts f or gaseous fuels are as f

ollows:

C For PNG

an d na tural gas , ann ual sampling o f the t ot al sulfur co nt ent 19 is required, un l es s a va l i d f ue l con trac t i s i n p l ac e d ocu m

en ting tha t the f ue l m eets th e d ef ini ti on of PNG or n atural

ga s. I f su ch a c ontrac t ex

i sts , th e ow ne

r or op era tor m ay ch oose not to perform the

ann ual sam pli ng—however, the max

im um total sul

fur content speci

fi ed in the contract (often 2 0 gr/100 sc f) m ust then be us ed to cal culate the SO 2 em i ssi ons.20 See s ections 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 of Appendix D 31

C The GCV of PNG or natural gas m ust be determi

ned mo nt hly , wit h c er t ain ex ce pt io ns fo run it s t ha t o pe r at e in fr eq ue nt ly.

C For ot her gaseous f

uel s transm

itted by pipe li ne, the requi

red frequen

cy of tot al sul fur sampling 19 is ho ur ly , un

l es s th e re su l ts of a 7 20- hou

r de m onstrati on 20 sho w t hat t he f uel qual i f i es f or le ss f reque nt (i .e., dai

l y or ann ual ) sam pl ing.

C The GCV of other gaseous f uel s transm

itted by pipe li ne m ust be determi

ned da ily , or ho ur ly unl ess the f uel is dem onstrated 20 to have a l

ow GCV variabi

li ty, in wh ich case m onth l y sa m pl in g i s s uf f i ci en t.

C For other

gas eous f uel s de l ive red i n s hi pm en ts or l ots, each shipment or lo t must be sampled for sulfur co nt ent 19 and GCV. Ac ce pt ab le AS T M a nd GP A sa mpling an d a na lysis me t ho ds fo rga se o us fue ls a r e r efe r en ce d in sections 2.3.3.1.2 ( for fue

l sulf ur content) and 2.3.4 (for fuel GCV) of Appe

ndi x D. Fuel oil s ampling For oil , Appendi

x D provi des several f

uel sam pli ng an d anal ys is opt ions . The required sampling o f the sulfur co nt ent 19 , G CV a nd, if applicable, dens ity o f the oil may be do ne us ing any of the f oll owin g m ethods:

C Dai l y sam pl i ng;or

C Com pos ite s am

pl ing f or up to 168 hou

rs , us ing hou rl y f l ow-propor

ti ona l sa m pl ing or conti nuous dri p sa m pl ing;or

C Sam pl ing a f ter each a ddi tion of oi l to the storage

tank ; or

C Sam pl ing ea ch de l i ve ry or “ l ot” of

f ue l (i .e. , ea ch sh i p l oad , b arg e l

oad , group of trucks , etc ). Th

e s am pl e m ay be tak en f rom ei the r th e s upp l

i er’ s s torag e ta

nk or f rom th e s h i pm en t tan k ( con tai n er) u pon re cei pt. Acceptabl e ASTM sam

pli ng an d anal ys is me thods for fuel

oil are giv en i n sections 2.2.5 (for fuel sul fur content) and 2.2.7 (for fue l GCV) of Appen

dix D.32

4.5 How is the SO 2 mass emis sion r

ate calculated ? For an A cid Rai n Program

uni t using the

Appe ndi x D m ethodology , the hourl

y SO 2 mass em i ssi on rate i s cal

cul ated usi

ng an equation that ha s one of

the f oll owin g bas i c structures: SO 2 mas s e

m i ss i on = Fu el f l ow ra te x Fu el su lf ur c onte nt x Un its c onv ers i on f ac tor rate (l

b/h r)

or
SO 2 mass e

m i ssi on = SO 2 em

i ss i on ra te x He at i npu t ra te rate (l

b/h r) (l

b/m m Btu) (m

m Btu/h r)

A n e xa m pl e of an eq ua ti on with th

e f i rs t ba si c s truc ture

i s Eq ua ti on D -2 i n s ec ti on 3 of Appen dix D, and an e

quation wi

th the second bas ic

structur e i s Equation D-5. In the f irst gen eral equ at ion abo ve, t he fuel flow ra t e is t he ho ur ly averag e r ead ing fro m the fu el flowmet er , a nd t he fuel sul fur content i s bas ed on the resul ts of periodi

c fuel sam pli ng an d anal ys is (see Section 4.7, bel ow). I n the second ge

neral equation, the hea

t input rate is de

riv ed from the hourly

average f uel fl owme ter readi ng an d the f uel GCV (see Section 4.6, be l ow), and the S O 2 em

i ssi on rate i s ei

ther:

C A ge ne ri c def au l t va l ue f or th e ty pe of f ue l com bu ste d (e .g., 0.0 006

l b/ m m Btu f or PNG); or

C A si

te-specif ic defaul t value , determi

ned by substi

tut in g the GCV and total sul

fur content of the fuel

in to Equation D-1h i

n A ppendi x D. No t e t ha t fo ro il, w he n t he fue l flo w r at e is mea su r ed o n a vo lume t r ic b as is ( e. g. , ga l/h r ) , it must be co nver t ed t o a mass bas is using t he o il density. The re for e, for Acid Ra in sou rc es u sing volum etric oil fl owmeters, periodi

c sam pli ng of the den si

ty of the oi

l is al so required. 4.6 How is the un

it heat input r

ate calculated ? For an Aci

d Rai n, NO xBu dg et , o rCAI R u nit us ing Ap pe nd ix D t o de t er mine t he ho ur ly uni t hea t in put rate, an equati on wi

th the f oll owin g bas i c structure i s use d: He at i np ut ra te =Fu el

f l ow ra te x Fu el GC V x Un its c onv ers i on f ac tor (m m Btu/h r)33

Ex am pl es of eq ua ti ons ha vi ng this b as i c s truc ture

are Equ ati ons D-6 an d D -8 i n s ec ti on 3 of A ppe nd ix D . In the ge ne ral eq ua ti on a bov e, th e f ue l f l ow ra te i s th e h ourl y avera ge rea di ng f rom the f uel f l owm eter, an d the GCV i s b ase d on the res ul

ts of p eri odi c f uel sam pl ing a nd a na l y si s. The unit s o f measur e fo r t he fuel flow ra t e and t he GC V must be co nsist ent . Fo r e xample, if the fuel flowmet er measu re s in gallons per hou r, t he GC V is exp re ssed in units o f Bt u pe r g allon. 4.7 Which sulfur conten t, GCV, and den sity values are used in t he calculations ? Ap pe nd ix D pr o vid es t he so ur ce o wn er o ro pe r at o rwit h c o nsid er ab le fle xibilit y in sel ectin g the val ues of f uel sul fur content, GCV and den si ty that are used i

n the em is si on and h

eat input calcu latio ns. G ener ally speak ing, t he value s us ed in t he ca lculat ions a re det er mined in one of two ways: (1) The res ults of the fue l sampling and ana lysis are us ed directly in the calculatio ns . Exampl e 1: The GCV f

rom the m

ost recent monthl

y s am ple of pi pel in e natural gas is used i

n the heat input rate calcul ations. Exampl e 2: Fo r a pr oc ess g as, hou rly samples a re t ake n of t he su lfur co nt ent and GCV, an

d the hourly

val ues are used to cal

culate the SO 2 em is si ons and un

it hea t input rate;

or (2) An “assumed value” is used in the calculations. The assumed value may be:

C A def

aul t SO 2 em is si on rate of 0.0006 lb/m mB tu, for a fuel

that quali fi es as pi pe l ine na tura l ga s; or

C The hi

ghest val ue from any required sa

mpl e taken i n the previ

ous calen dar y ea r; or

C The hi

ghest val ue from any sam ple taken i n a speci fi ed “l ook- back” peri

od; or

C Th e h

i gh es t va l ue sp ec i f i ed in a va l i d, a cti ve f ue l con tract or tar

i f f sh eet; or21 Fo r gase ous fu els othe r than natural gas, w

hich are transm

itted by pipe line—s ee se ctio ns 2.3.5 and 2.3.6 of Appendix D 34 C The val

ue obtain ed from a 720-hour characterizati on of the f

uel ’s sul fur content or GCV 21 This cal culation m

ethod is sub

ject to the foll

owing conditions:

C If the resul

ts of any required f

uel sam pli ng an d anal ysis exceed the a ssum

ed value, t hen t hat sample r esu lt bec omes t he new assu med value ; and

C If t he as sumed value is fro m a fuel co nt ra ct or t ar iff shee t , a nd if the contract o r tariff

sheet i s superseded b

y a new one, then

the assum

ed val ue ma y h ave to be adj usted, or , in

some i nstances , the fuel

ma y have to be reclassi fi ed. Co nsi

der t he f ollowi ng exam ples: Exampl e 1: A m axi mum GCV of 105,000 Btu/100 scf is speci fi ed i n a val id, acti ve n atural gas contract. This GCV val ue m ay continue to be used in

the heat input rat e calcul ations, pr o vide d t hat it is no t exc ee de d, eit her by t he r es ult s o f a required monthly

GCV sampl

e, or by the maxi mum GCV v al ue in a n ew con tract. Exampl e 2: In 200 4, th e h i gh es t perce nt sul f ur ( %S) va

l ue obta ined f rom th e req ui re d s am pl esof di sti ll ate oil wa s 0 .15 %S, b y

wei gh t. Thi s %S va

l ue m ay be us ed i n the SO 2 emission ca lculat ions t hro ugho ut 200 5, pr ovid ed t hat it is no t exce ede d by t he resul ts of any required f

uel sam ple

. Exampl e 3: Dai ly ma nual sam pli ng of f uel oil is performed, and on each su cc es si v e u n it ope

ra tin g d ay , the h

i gh es t sulf ur con ten t, GCV, and den si

ty va lue s f rom the previ

ous 30 dail

y s am ple s are used in the cal

culations. Exampl e 4: The resul ts of a 720-h our dem onstra tion und er secti on 2.3.6 of Appen dix D show that a process gas has a l ow sulf

ur vari abi l ity. A def aul t SO 2 emis sio n r at e o f 0. 02 5 lb /mmB t u is calcul ated by

substi tut in g the 90 th perce ntile val

ue o f the fuel’s sul f ur con tent f rom th e dem onstra tion i nto Equa tion D-1h

. T his d efa ult emis sio n r at e ma y co nt inu e t o be us ed un les s it is exc ee de d w hen Eq ua t io n D- 1h is ap plied t o t he r es ult s o f a re qu i re d a n nua l sa m pl e of th e f ue l ’s sulf ur con ten t.22 The te rm “ fuel f lo w me te r QA o pe rati ng q uart er” (s ee §7 2.2 ) is us ed to de sc rib e a qu arte r in w hic h the fuel me asu red b y the f lo w me te r is co mb us te d f or 168ho urs o r mo

re. Al l s uc h “Q

A q uart ers ” c ou nt to w ard t he accuracy test deadlin e. Test deadlin e extensions ma y o nly be claimed for “non-QA” qua rter s. 35 Exampl e 5: A f ue l ini ti al l y qua l i f i es as pi pe l ine na tura l ga s, b as ed

on hi storical fuel sam pli ng data. In thi s year’s requi red annua l fuel sam pli ng an d anal ys is , 3 sampl

es are taken an

d the tot al sul fur content of al

l s am ple s i s between 1.0 an

d 1.5 gr/ 100 scf. The fuel is the re for e r e- classified as “nat ur al gas ” and t he av er ag e t o t al s ulfu rva lue fr o m t he 3 s amp les is u se d in Equation D-1h, to cal

culate a si te-speci fi c def aul t SO 2 em i ss i on ra te For a compl

ete li stin g of al l of the avai la bl e cal cul ation options f

or fuel oil and gaseous fuel s, see Tables D-4 and D-5 in Appendi x D. Al so not e that for each of these opt ions, in structions are gi

ven in section 2.3.7 of A

ppendi x D, expl ai ni ng wh en an d how to apply

the fuel sam pli ng resul ts. This h el ps to ensure national

consi stency

in the report in

g of Appen

dix D data. 4.8 What are the on-going quality-assurance r equirements of

Appendix D ? Foll owing i ni tial certif ic ation, each

Appen dix D fuel fl owmeter (except for qual if yi ng f uel bi ll in g me ters) must undergo periodi c accuracy

testing, usi

ng the sam

e general approach that was use d fo r initial ce rt ifi

cat ion ( see Sec t ion 4 .3 , a bove ). Fuel flow mete r a ccu ra cy te st ing must be per for med o nce e ver y 4 calend ar qua rt er s, u nless t he flow mete r q ualifies for an ext ensio n of t he test deadli

ne. A one-quarter extensi on of the test deadli

ne m ay be cl ai med for any

calendar qua rt er in which:

C The

f uel m eas ured b y the f l owm eter i s burn ed f

or le ss than

168 h ours 22 . This

type of ex ten si on i s m ost a dv an tag eou s f or f ue l s that a

re s el dom com bu ste d a nd f or un its that op era

te i nf req ue ntl y ; or

C The op t ional fue l fl ow -t o- load ra t io t est des cr ibed in sec t ion 2 .1 .7 of Ap pend ix D is p er fo r med an d p as se d. T his o pt io n is mo st us efu l fo rfue ls t ha t ar e r o ut ine ly com busted f or more than 168 h ours pe r quarte r. No t e t hat fuel flowmet er acc ur acy t est dea dlines may not be ext ende d indefinite ly. The li mi ts t o t hese extensi

ons are as foll

ows:

C If t he de adline ext ensio n is based on infre que nt co mbust ion o f a fuel o r infreq uent un it ope ra ti on , a f l owm ete r acc ur ac y

tes t must be pe rfo rmed no lat er t han 4 “Q A” quarter s 22 or 20 ca len da rqu ar t er s— wh ich ev er co mes firs t —a ft er t he qu ar t er in wh i ch the previ ous tes t wa s d one ; or36

C If t he de adline is being e xt ende d by per for ming the fuel flow- t o- load ra t io t est , t he max im um al lowabl e extension i s 20 calend ar qua rt er s fro m the q uar t er of t he prev i oustes t. I n a dd it io n t o pe r fo r ming pe r io dic fue l flo wme t er ac cu r ac y t es t ing , se ct io n 1

. 3 in Appe ndix B o f Par t 75 r equ ires t he o wner or op er at or of a n Appe ndix D unit t o d evelo p and im ple me nt a qual ity -assurance pl

an. The es senti al

elem ents of the QA

pla n i ncl ude the fol

lowi ng:

C A written reco rd o f the f uel f lowmeter accuracy test p roced ures;
C Rec or ds o f maintenanc e, adjus t ments , a nd r epa irs o f the fuel flowmet er (s) ; and
C A wri

tt en record of the standard procedures used to perform the requi red fuel sampl in g and anal

ysi s. 4.9 What ar

e the m iss ing dat

a pr ocedure s f or an Appe ndix D unit ? Wh enever fuel

fl ow rat e data or any of the required f

uel sam pli ng data i s m

is si ng, A pp en di xD req ui re s s ub sti tute da ta v al ue s to b e rep orte d. T

h e A pp en di xD m i ss in g d ata procedu res a re di scu ssed i

n de tail in Secti on 9 of

thi s gui de.23 According t o § 72.2, t he annual c apacity

fac tor is eithe r: (1) the ratio o f the unit’s actu al annual el ec tric al o utput t o the name pla te ca pac ity times 8,7 60; o r (2 ) the

rati o of the unit ’s ac tua

l annu al he at i nput

to the maximum design h eat input times 8,760

24 The o zo ne s ea so

n ca pac ity f ac to r is ca lc ula te d in t he s ame b asi c w ay as the annua l c apaci ty f ac to r, exc ept that the o zone s easo n heat input or electrical o utput is us ed in the calc

ulation, and “8,760 " is replaced w ith “3,672", which is the number of hours in the ozone se ason (see §75.74(c)(11)). 37 

### 5.0 APPENDIX E METHODOLOGY FOR GAS- FIRED AND OIL- FIRED PEAKING UNI TS If a un it i s i n the A ci d Rai n Program, NO xBudget Pro gram, or CAIR NO xTr ading Pr og ra m(s) , a nd it meet s t he de fini t ion o f a “pea king uni t” in §7 2.2, and if

it al so q ua l i f i es as oil -f

i red or gas -fired (se e Se ct ion 4 .1 , a bove ), t hen t he alt er nat ive m eth odol ogy in A pp en di xE of Pa rt 7 5 m ay b e u se d to moni to r the NO xemission r at e, in li eu o f installing CE MS

. Fo ra q ua lifying A pp en dix E un it :

C T he Ap pe nd ix D met ho do lo gy must b e u se d to me asure the hourl

y un it hea t input rate (see Sec t ion 4 .6 , a bove ); a nd

C Emi ssi

on testing m

ust be conducted at four different load s t o d evelo p a c or re latio n cur ve of NO xem

is si on rate versus hea

t input rate 5.1 What is

a peak ing uni t ? T he de finit io n o f a p ea kin g u nit is p r es en t ed in T ab le 1 1. T ab le 1 1 s ho ws t ha t fo ra u nit th at r ep ortsem i ss i on s d ata

y ea r-r oun d, p ea ki n g u n it qu al

i f i ca ti on de pe n ds on th e a n nua l ca pa ci ty f ac tor 23 of the uni

t. For uni ts in the NO xBu dge

t Prog ram an d un its i n th e C A IR O zon

e Se as on Tradin g Program that repor t emi ssi ons onl y f or t he ozone season m

onths (May

through Septem be r) , p eak ing unit qua lif

icat ion d epe nds o n t he ozon e s ea son ca paci ty f ac tor 24 of th e u n it. Tabl e 11. P eak ing Units
Acc ord in g to §72. 2, a com

bu sti on unit is a pea k in g u nit if it h as ...

C An ave rage ann ual c apacit

y f acto r of 10.0 pe

rce nt o r le ss o ve r the past th ree ye ars; and

C An annua l cap acit y fact or of 20. 0 pe rce nt or less i n e ach of thos e th re e ye ars The Appe ndix E meth odology for gas-fi red and oil -fir ed peaki ng unitsperta ins o nly t o the monitoring of NO x emis sion rate. To use this

methodology, a correlation curve of NO x emi ssi on rate vs heat input rate is first deri ved from emi ssi on test ing, Then, t he hour ly un it hea t inpu t rate i s meas ured us ing th e Appendi x D m ethodol ogy, and the hourly NO x emission rate is determ ined from the corr elati on curve.25 These test methods are f ound in Appendices A-2, A-4 and A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60. 38 Figure 2: Typical

Appendix E Corr

elation Curve 5.2 How is an A ppendix E correl ation cur ve cons tructed ? Appe ndix E c or re latio n cur ves a re der ived fro m emission t est re sult s. Ap pend ix E requires a n i ni tial four-load NO xem

is si on rate t est to be perf

ormed f or each type of f

uel combusted in the uni

t, except for emergency f

uel, for whi

ch the test in

g is optional. For boil

ers, the testing i s perform

ed usi ng EPA Ref

erence Me

thods 7E and 3A, and f

or co mb ustion turbi

nes and di esel or dual-fue

l reci procating engi

nes, Ref erence Me

thod 20 is used 25

. Th e e m

i ss i on t es t ing is d o ne at fo ur ev en ly-s pa ce d lo ad po int s, r an gin g fr o m t he minimum t o t he max imum u nit operati ng l oad, an d thre e test run s are

perf ormed at eac

h l oad l ev el

. For ex

i sti ng u ni ts, two y ears of historical

data are used to establ

ish the m in im um a nd m axi mum operating l

oads. For new uni ts, fi ve-y ear projections

of the m in im um a nd m axi mum loads are used. Durin g each A ppendi x E test run, the uni

t heat in put rat e i s determi

ned usi ng the f uel GCV a nd r eadi ngs f rom a f uel f l owm eter tha t meets the

requi rem en ts of P art 75, A

ppen di x D
. Also , ce r t ain pa r ame t er s mu st be mo nit o r ed du r ing ea ch t es t r un . Fo rbo iler s, ex ce ss o xyg en is m oni tored , an d i t m us t ei the r b e s et a t a norm al l evel or at a con se rv ati ve l y hi gh l evel . F or t ur bines and diese l or dua l-fuel re cipr oc at ing engines , a t least fou r p ar amet er s indicat ive of t he uni t’s NO xf orma tion ch arac teri stics a

re m oni tored and acc eptabl e ran

ges f or each param eter are establ ished duri ng testin g. If a turbi

ne uses water inj ection to contr ol NO xem i ssi ons, th e waterto-fuel rati o mu st be

one of the m oni tored para

m eters. The NO xem

i ssi on rate a nd h eat i npu t rate data a

re av eraged at eac

h l oad l ev el . Then, a correlation curv

e of NO xemis sio n r at e ( lb/ mmBt u) ve r su s he at inp ut r at e ( mmBt u/ hr ) is39

constructed and the curve segm ents are programm

ed i nto t he data acqui si

tion and h andl in g sy stem (DAHS). A typi

cal Appen dix E correlation curve

is shown i n Fi gure 2, above. 5.3 How are the hourl y NO x emis sions de

term ined? The Appen

dix E methodology

is sum ma rized i n Tabl e 12. The hourl

y N O xem i ss i on ra te Table 12: Appendix E Methodology for Determining NO x

Emis sions fr om Oi l-and Gas -Fir

ed Pe aki ng Uni ts
To use App end

ix E to deter m in e . . . Th e f

ol lo wi n g da

ta m u st b e col lecte

d . . . And t he fol low ing c alcul atio ns

mu st be perform

ed . . . NO x emiss ion r at e (l b/mm Btu) The fuel flow rate must b e continuously

monit or ed, us ing a n App endix D fu el flo wm ete r; and Periodic fuel sampling, a ccording to Appendix D, is r equi red to det ermi ne the GC V. Use t he meas ur ed fu el flo w ra tes and GCV to determine the h ourly uni t he at in put rate ; and Select fr om the

corr elation cu rve the NO x em

iss io n rat e th at cor res pon ds t o th e meas ur ed hou rl y hea t in pu t r at e. NO x mass e

mi ssions (lb) The fuel flow rate must b e continuously

monit or ed, us ing a n App endix D fu el flo wm ete r; and Periodic fuel sampling, a ccording to Appendix D, is r equi red to det ermi ne the GCV; and

T he uni t op era tin g ti me must be monit or ed

. Use t he meas ur ed fu el flo w ra tes and GCV to determine the h ourly uni t he at in put rate ; and Select fr om the

corr elation cu rve the NO x em

iss io n rat e th at cor res pon ds t o th e meas ur ed ho urly he at in put rate ; and Mu lti ply tog ether the mea su red hourly heat input rate, the NO x emission ra te fr om the corr elation curv e, and the un it op era tin g t im e.26 See Section 4 .6 of th is gui de.
27 The NO x emi ssi on r at e val ue i s, of cou rs e, r ead au tom at ica ll y by th e DAHS
28 Th e uni t opera tin g tim e is defin ed as th e fracti on of the h our in which th e uni t opera tes. For examp le, uni t opera tin g tim e = 1.0 0 for a full hour of operati on, 0 .50 for a ha lf-hour of operati on, et c.

29 The eq uat io ns ne ed ed to de te rmine the hea t input ra te s f or each f uel, t he t ot al unit heat i nput , and

the unit le ve l he at i nput

rate are : Eq uat io ns F -19 and F-20 in A ppe ndix F o f Part 75 , Eq uat io n E-1 in A

ppe ndix E, a nd Equat ion F-21c in Appendix F.

30 Fu el us age time i s t he f rac tio n o f an hour tha

t a f uel is co mb us te d ( e. g., f

uel us age time =1.0 0 if

the fue l is b urned f or the who le ho ur, 0.50 i f it

is b urned f or 30 minutes , etc .) 40 i s dete rm in ed b y m ea su ri n g th e h our l y h ea t inpu t ra te 26 and readi

ng the correspondi

ng NO xval

ue fro m the Ap pend ix E co rr elat ion cu rve 27 . To calcul ate the hourly NO xmas s e miss io ns, t he un it o pe r at ing t ime 28 must also be kno wn. If di f f ere nt f ue l s a re c o-f i red in a n A ppe nd ix E un it, th ere are two pos si

bl e w ay s of determi ni ng the hourly

NO xem is si on rate:

C Calcu late t he hea t input ra t e fo r e ach t ype o f fuel co mbust ed d ur ing t he ho ur , u sing the fuel fl ow rat e and the GCV. Th en, determi

ne a NO xem

is si on rate for each f

uel from its correlati

on curve an

d use Equation E-2 i

n A ppendi x E to calculate a Btuwei ghted hourly

NO xem i ss i on rate

f or th e u ni t; or

C If a consistent fuel m ix tur e is alw ays com

bu ste d i n th e u ni t (i .e. , i f the com pos iti on of the m ixtu re does not vary

by m ore th an ±1 0%) , a s ing l e c orre l ati on c urv e f or t he mixtu re may be der ived, ra t her t han de velop ing sep ar at e cu rve s for t he ind ivid ua l fue ls. I f a u nit qu alifie s t o us e t his o pt io n, t he ho ur ly hea t inp ut r at e w ill be a com posite val ue 29 , derived from the i

ndi vi dual f uel f low rates, the GCV val ues, the fue

l us age tim

es 30 , an d t he un it o pe r at ing t ime 28

. 5.4 What are the fue l sampling requirements of Appendix E ? Appe ndix E r equ ires t he o wner or op er at or of a n affect ed u nit t o u se t he fuel sa mpling and analysis pr oc edu re s o f Append ix D, t o d et er mine the G CV o f each t ype o f fuel co mbust ed in t he un it

. T he r efo r e, t he GC V s amp ling o pt io ns a nd an alyt ica l met ho ds de sc r ibe d in se ct io n 4

. 4 o f t his guide, apply

to Appendi

x E uni ts. 5.5 What are the o n-goin g quality- assurance requirements of Appendi x E ? The on-go in

g quali ty-assurance requiremen

ts for Appendix E uni

ts are as follows:41

C Parameter M

onitoring . Once the i

ni tial correlation curv

e has been dev

el oped, Appen dix E requires h

ourly moni to rin g of the param

eters that were moni

to red during the basel

in e emi ssion testing (i .e., excess O 2 for boile rs and the f

our parame ters associated wi

th NO xform

ation f or t urbi nes an d die sel or dual-fue

l reci procati ng e ngi ne s). If, for any boiler operat in g hour, the excess O 2 dat a is missing or invalid, o r if the excess O 2 l ev el

i s gre ater tha

n 2% O 2 higher t han t he value obs er ved d ur ing t he basel in e em is si on testing at the sam

e heat i nput rate, t hen

substi tut e NO xem

i ss i on rate data must be reported for t hat hour. Sim il arly, for turbin

es, die sel and dual fuel reciprocatin

g engi nes, f or any h our in wh ic h som e or all of the requi

red parame tric data is

missi ng, i nva li d or o utside the acc eptable ranges es tabli shed dur ing the ba sel ine em i ss i on te sti

ng , m i ss ing da ta s ub sti tuti on m us t be us ed f or NO xem is si on rate.

C Peri

odic Re-t esti ng. Ap pe nd ix E r eq uir es pe r io dic r e- t es t ing o f ea ch affe ct ed un it once ev ery 5 years(20 ca

l en dar qu arters) , to determ ine ne w correl

ati on cu rve s. Uns che du led re -t es t ing is also re qu ire d if:

< For boilers, the excess O 2 le vel at a particula

r heat in put rat e i s m

ore t han 2% O 2 greater t han

the val ue observed duri

ng the b asel

in e em is si on testing, f or m ore th an 16 c ons ec uti

ve un it operati ng hou rs ; or

< For co mb

ustion tur bi

nes and f or d iesel or d ual-f uel reci pro cating engi

nes, some or al

l of the required param

etric data is

out side the acceptabl

e ranges establ ished duri ng the b asel

in e em is si on testing f

or more than 16 consecutive uni

t o perat in g hours.

C QA Plan . Th e ow ne r or op era tor of an A ppe nd ix E un it i s req ui red to de ve l op and i mpl em ent a qual ity -assurance (QA

) plan for the uni

t. The contents o f the pl

an are s peci f i ed i n s ection 1.3.6

of Pa rt 75, A ppen di x B an d se cti on 4 of

Appen di x E. At a m in im um, the QA

pla n m ust in cl ude:

< The data and resul ts from the i

ni tial and m ost recent NO xem

i ss i on ra te testing, i ncl udin g the parame

tric data;

< A wri

tt en record of the procedures used to perform the NO xem i ss i on ra te testing;

< T he qu alit y-a ss ur an ce pa r ame t er s t ha t ar e mo nit o r ed an d t he ac ce pt ab le val ues and ranges of those par ameters;31 The Appendix E me thodolo gy should continue to

be used until the CEMS has b een c ertifie d or until the Decemb er 31 st

dead line, w hichev er o ccurs f

irst. If the c ertif icati on de adline i s not

met, t he maximu

m po tential NO x emission rate must be repo rted for each unit operating h our until th e CEMS is ce rtified. 42 < Rec or ds o f the monit or ed p ar amet ric d at a fo r e ach u nit o per at ing ho ur ; and

< Be ca

us e A pp en di xE requ i re s a n A pp en di xD f ue l f l owm ete r to b e u se d to monit or t he ho ur ly unit heat input ra t e, t he flow mete r must meet t he o ngoing QA requirem

ents of Appendi

x D. Therefore, t he the QA pl an m ust al so i nc l ude th e el em en ts des cri be d i n Secti on 4.8 of

thi s gui de. 5.6 What ar

e the m iss ing dat

a pr ocedure s f or an Appe ndix E unit ? The ow n er

or op er ator

of an A pp en di xE un it i s r eq ui re d to i m pl em en t th e m i ss in g d ata procedures of both Appen dix D (for fuel

fl ow rat e and GCV) an

d Appen dix E (for NO xem

i ss i on rate). T hese procedures are di scussed i n detail i n Section 9 of

this guide

. 5.7 What ha ppens if an Ap pendix E uni t loses its peaking u nit stat us ? I f, at t he en d o f an y ca len da ryea ro ro zo ne se as o n, t he ca pa cit y fac t o rr eq uir eme nt s in Tabl e 11, above, hav

e not been m

et for an Appen

dix E uni t, its peakin

g uni t stat us i s lost at that point. Wh

en thi s happen s, Part 75 requires a NO x -d iluent monit or ing syst em to be inst alled and ce r t ified by D ec emb er 31 o f t he ca len da ryea rfo llo win g t he yea rin w hic h t he pe ak ing st at us is lost. For exam

ple , if , at t he en d of 2004, the 3-ye ar average an nual capaci ty f actor o f an Appe ndix E u nit fo r 2 002 , 2 003 and 2 004 is det er mined t o be 12. 5% , t hen a NO x -d iluent CEMS mus t be in stall

ed and certifi

ed by Decem ber 31, 2005 31

. A un it whic h ha s p re vio us ly qu alified as a p ea king unit but lo se s t hat st at us may qu alify ag ai n asa p ea ki n g u n it in a s ub sequ en

t y ea r or o zon e s ea son , but o nly if

capa ci ty f actor data f

or a t hre e year per iod follow ing t he los s o f peak ing st at us s how t hat t he unit onc e ag ain meet s t he criteri a i n Tabl e 11, above.43 

### 6.0 LOW M ASS EMISS IONS METHODOLOGIES 6.1 Gas-F

ired and Oil -Fir ed Units Par t 75 p ro vides a n alte rna t ive monit or ing met ho do lo gy ( §7 5. 19 ) t hat may be us ed inst ea d o f CEM S, f or ga s- an d oi l -f i red un its that h ave very

l ow mass em i ssi ons. Th i s l ow mass em i ssi ons, or “ LME” me thodo logy

does not require actual conti nuous m oni torin g of em i ssi ons or uni t hea t in put. Rath er, hourl y SO 2 , NO xand CO 2 em

is si ons are estim

ated us ing f ue l -s pe ci f i c d ef au l t em i ss i on rate s ( “ em

i ss i on f ac tors” ), a

nd hou rl y he at i np ut i s eithe r es timate d f

rom records of fuel

usage, or it is

report ed as the m

axi mum ra t ed he at input for eac h unit op er at ing ho ur . O nce t he LME m ethodology ha s been

sel ected, it mus t be used f or all pro gram parameters. “Mix in g-and-matchin

g” LME with ot her Part 75 methodo logies i s not al l owed. Theref

ore, the LME m

ethodology

m ust be us ed f

or SO 2 , NO x, CO 2 an d h ea t inp ut if the un i t is i n the Aci d Rai n Program, for SO 2 and h eat input i f th e uni t is i n the CAIR SO 2 Tr ading Program, and f

or NO xand h

eat in put if the uni t is i n the NO xBud get Pr og ra m or if i t is in the CAIR NO xTradi

ng P rogram (s). 6.1.1 What is

a lo w mass e

mis sion s (LME ) unit ? Low mas s em

is si on uni ts are defi ned i n Tabl e 13. Tabl e 13. L ow Mas s Em

iss ions Units
A com bu stion un it m ay q ua lif y as a low m ass em issions, or

“LME” u

ni t if it m eets t he def in ition o f a gas -fir ed o r o il-f

ire d unit i n §7 2. 2, and if it s SO 2 an d/or NO x mass emiss ions meet t he fol low ing li m it s: . . . . For Acid Rain and CAIR SO 2 Trading Program units:

C # 25 to

ns of SO 2 pe r ye ar and

C < 100 tons of NO x pe r ye ar For NO xBudget Program a nd CAIR NO xTrading Program units:

C # 50 ton s of

NO xper ozon

e s ea son and

C < 100 tons of NO x pe r ye ar a

a This limit applies only

if the so urce is required to (o

r elects to ) report NO x mass emission s on a year-roun d basis.

The low m ass emi ssions ( LME) methodo logy in §75. 19 prov ides an alter nativ e to CE MS for dete rmi ning SO 2 , NO x , and CO 2 emi ssi ons and unit heat input. To qualify to u se the LME methodology, a unit must be gas-fired or

oil- fired, and its

SO 2 and/o r NO x mass emissions m ust not exc eed cer

tain a nnual an d/or ozone season li mits.32 The elec tronic po rtion is se nt to the EPA Clean Air Markets Divisio n. The har d co

py portion goes

to th e Stat e and to th e EPA Region al Office.

33 For ass istance in preparing the e lectro nic portio n of t he monitoring plan, see

Table A-14 in Appe

ndix A of the EDR Instructions. A tuto rial on CD-ROM is als o av ailable at the fo llow ing web address : ww w.e pa.go v/ai rmarkets /monito ring/mdc/

index. html
34 If emissio

n testing will be perfo

rmed to determine a default NO x em is si on rate , but a

t the time o f the application, th e testing has not ye t bee n completed, and if the generic def ault NO x emission rate from Table L M-2 is inappropriately

high for the unit, then, fo r the purpose s of

initial LME qualif

ication, a more reaso

nable (b ut still conser vatively hi gh) default emissi on r ate m ay be used in th e calcul ati ons. For examp le, if th e uni t is n ot equip ped with SCR o

r SNCR, a default NO x emi ssi on r at e bas ed on th e per mi t l im it ma y be used, or, for u ni ts wi th SCR or SNCR, a def

ault NO x emissi on r ate of 0.15 lb/mm Btu ma y b e used. However, n ote th at t hese emi ssion est ima tes may not b e used f

or Part 75 reportin g purposes. R ather, the generic NO x emiss ion rates f rom Table

LM-2 in §75.19 or the maximum potential emission rate (MER) must be reported until NO x emissi on test in g ha s been co mplet ed. 44 6.1.2 How does a un it qua lify for LME status ? To us e th e L ME m ethodol ogy f or a p arti cu l ar g as -f

i red or oi l -f i red un it, a c erti f i ca ti on appl ic ation m ust be subm

itted to EPA and to the appropriate Stat e or local a gency , at least 45 days p rio r t o t he da t e o n which t he met hod olo gy will f irst be us ed. The esse nt ial elements of t he cer t ifi cat ion ap plicat ion, which has bot h elect ro nic and ha rd co py po rt ions 32 , are as follows:

C T he ap plic at io n mu st inc lud e a co mple t e mo nit o r ing pla n fo rt he un it 33 ; and

C For so urces t hat repo rt emissi ons data o n a y

ear-ro und basi s, the application m ust demo nst ra t e t hat in each o f the t hre e ca lendar years imm ediat ely prec eding t he y ear of th e appl i cati on, the SO 2 and/or NO xmas s em i ss i ons f rom the un it di d not ex ce ed t he an nu al t hr es ho ld limit s s ho wn in T ab le 1 3 a bo ve . And if t he un it is in the NO xBudget P rog ram or in the CAIR Ozone Season Trading Prog ram, it m ust be dem onstrated t hat in

each of the previ

ous three ozo ne seas ons, the NO xmass em i ssi ons d i d not ex cee d 50 tons

. To ma ke the requ

i red de m onstra tion (s):

< Em

i ssi ons d ata f rom h i stori cal Part 75 el ectroni

c data r eports (EDR s) must be us ed , wh er e t he se r ep o r t s a r e a va ilable , ex ce pt as no t ed immed iat ely be l ow; or

< In t he abs ence of hist or ical ED Rs, re liable est imates of t he unit ’s emissio ns for the previous 3 years (or ozo ne seasons) must be provided. These estim ates may be b ased on records of uni t o peration, fue

l us age, representative em

is si on test dat a, CEM data, fuel sam pli ng data, etc. Co nser vat ive defau lt valu es may also be us ed in t he ca lculat ions ( e. g. , t he “gene ric” e mission ra t es fro m Tables L M-1 t hro ugh L M-3 in §75 .1 9, t he uni t’s m axim um rated h eat i npu t, etc.) 34 ; or45 < Fo run it s w it h le ss t ha n 3 yea r s ( o ro zo ne se as o ns ) o f o pe r at ing his t o r y, projected em

is si ons estim

ates for one or more years ma y b e used, to make up t he differe nce. Pr ojec t ions may also be us ed if emission c ont ro ls have b een re cen tl y in sta ll ed an d th e em i ss i on s d ata

f or on e or m ore of th e p as t 3 yea r s o ro zo ne se as o ns is no t r ep r es en t at ive o f pr es en t emis sio n le ve ls. All pr ojec t ions s hou ld be bas ed o n t he ant icipat ed manne r o f unit o per at ion, the type(s) of f

uel (s) that wil

l b e burned, an

d the expected em

is si on rates ; or

< If a u nit ca nnot qua lif y for L ME s t at us ba sed on it s hist or ical emissions an d i s n ot el i gi b l e to u se pr oj ec ted em i ss i on s e sti

mate s, it i s s till

pos si b l e to use the LME m

ethodology i

f an enf orceable permi

t restr iction i s accepted, li mi ting the num

ber of uni t o perat in g hours per year (or o zone season), so t hat t he LME emission t hre sho lds will not be exc eed ed; a nd

C The cer t ifi

cat ion ap plicat ion must also spe cify the p ro ject ed d at e o n which t he LM E met ho do lo gy w ill fir st be us ed

. No t e t ha t t his pr o jec t ed da t e ma y not

be arb itrar i l y se l ec ted , b ec au se

§75 .19 req

ui res the LM E m ethodol ogy to be us ed f or all uni t o perating h

ours in a calendar y

ear or o zone season. Theref ore, t he o nly acceptabl e start dat es f

or using the

LME m ethodology are these:

< Fo r a n exist ing unit t hat re po rt s emissions dat a o n a year -r ou nd bas is, t he f i rst un it operati ng h our in a cal en dar y ear.

< For an existi

ng uni t t hat repo rts o n an ozone season-o nl y b asis, the fi

rst unit op er at ing ho ur in an oz one sea so n.

< For new

Aci d Rai n Program

uni ts, and f or new un its in the CA IR SO 2 and NO xTradin

g Programs, at the hour of comm encem ent of comm

ercia l operati on (as def ine d i n §7 2.2).

< For new uni

ts in the NO xBu dg et Pr o gr am, at t he firs t ho ur o f un it operation (“f

irst-f ire”); and

C Fi nal ly, the certif

ic ation appl

ic ation m ust describe the cal

cul ation m

ethodology that wil l be used to ensure that t he uni t main tains i ts LME st atus. That is:

< For each

em i ssi ons para m eter (i.e ., SO 2 , CO 2 , and/or NO x ), t he ap plic at io n mu st ind ica t e w he t he rt he ge ne r ic d efa ult emis sio n r at es in Tabl es LM-1 through LM-3 wi ll be used i n the cal cul ations, or whether si te-specif ic defaul t value s, determi

ned by e missi on testing or ot her acc ept able means, will be used ; and35 The emi ssion ra tes are in lb/mmBtu for SO 2and NO x , and in ton/mmBtu f or CO 2 . 46 < For heat in

put, t he appl

ic ation m ust in dic ate whether the m

axi mum rated unit heat input will be rep or t ed fo r e ver y ope ra t ing ho ur or whet her t he long -t er m fuel fl

ow metho do log y, base d o n re co rd s o f fuel usag e, will be used. These cal cul ation m

ethods are disc

ussed i n greater detail

in Section 6.3, bel

ow. Once a co mplet e ce rt ifi

cat ion ap plicat ion has been r ece ived by EP A and t he St at e, t he LME m ethodology i s assi

gned a provi si onal

ly certif ied status, pendin

g the resul

ts of Agen

cy re v i ew . Th

e reg ul ator y ag en ci esh av e a pe ri od of 12 0 d ay s f

rom th e rec ei pt of a c om pl ete app licatio n t o r eview t he ap plicat ion and t o iss ue a not ice o f app ro val or disap pr ova l to t he so ur ce. If no suc h not ice is pr ovid ed by da y 120, t hen t he met hod olo gy is co nsider ed t o be “c er t ifie d b y de fa ul t ”. Ho we ve r , no t e t ha t t he LM E met ho do lo gy m ay not be us ed p rio r t o t he st ar t dat e indicat ed in t he ce rt ifi cat ion ap plicat ion, even if a no t ice o f app ro val is issued or if the m ethodol ogy i s ce rtif i ed by def aul t pri or to that date. 6.1.3 How ar

e em iss ions and heat input

calcul ated f

or an LME unit ? To cal cul ate the hourly

SO 2 , NO xand CO 2 mass em issi ons in lb (or to ns) 35 , de fau lt em is si on rates, expressed i

n uni ts of lb /mm Btu (o r to n/m

mB tu) 35 , are used toget her wi th an esti mate of the uni t hea t in put (m m Btu). Generic vs . Site-Specific Default Em ission Rates For the combus tion of f

uel oil and n atural gas, the gen

eric de faul t emi ssi on rates in

Tabl es LM- 1 an d LM -3 m

ust be us ed to estim

ate SO 2 and CO 2 em

is si ons, unl

ess a peti tion to use al ternative e

missi on rates has been approved un der §75.66. However, for NO x , us e o f t he ge ne r ic de f au l t em i ss i on rate s i

n T ab l e L M- 2 i s op ti ona

l . In l i eu of us ing the se ge ne ri c v al ue s, e m i ss i on testing m ay be perf ormed to det ermi

ne si te-specif ic NO xem i ssi on rates
. If the un it com bu stsa g as eou s f

ue l othe r th an na tura l ga s, s ite-spe ci

f i c d ef au l t em i ss i on rates must

be determ ine d i n the f oll owing w ay

f or all pr og ra m par amet er s, s ince t her e ar e no generic v alues i

n §75.19 for such fuels:

C For SO 2 , the sulf

ur content o f the f

uel is quantif ied by performi ng the 720-hour demo nst ra t ion d esc ribed in Par t 75, Appe ndix D, sec t ion 2 .3 .6 , t o d et er mine wheth er the un it is e l i gi bl e to use a def

aul t SO 2 emission r at e fo r r epo rt ing purposes. If the uni

t is n ot el igi bl e, then the LME m

ethodology m

ay not be used. But if the u nit is eligible, t he ap pr op riat e value of t he fuel’s t ot al sulfur co nt ent (f rom th e dem on strati on ) i s s ub sti

tute d i n to Eq ua ti on D- 1h in A pp en di xD, to determi ne the def aul t SO 2 em is si on rate in un

its of l b/m mB tu.36 For ozon e season-on ly report ers, th e 2 nd quar ter i nclu des only th e mont hs of May an d Jun e.
37 For oil an d nat ural gas, eith er use Appendi x D fuel samplin g procedures to determ ine th e GCV or use default GCV valu es from Ta ble LM-5. For other gaseous fuels, th e GCV mu st be measu red a t th e frequen cy prescribed b

y Appendix D.
38 Unit operat in g tim e is th e fracti on of the h our th at t he un it combust s fuel, i. e., 1. 00 if th e uni t opear tes fo r the w hole hour, 0.5 0 if

it o perate s only

fo r half o f the hour, e tc. W hen using the L

ME methodo

log y , an operatin g time of 1.00 may be used f or par tial u nit operatin g hours.

47 C For NO x , fue l-and unit -sp ecific emission t est ing is per for med t o d et er mine the defaul t emi ssi on rate(s), in un

its of l b/m mB tu.

C For CO 2 , fuel sampling and analysi s is perfo rmed t o d et ermine a car bon- based Ffact or for t he ga s. T hen, Eq uat ion G- 4 in Appe ndix G o f Par t 75 is s olved for t he rati o of (W

CO2/H), t o o btain the CO 2 em i ssi on f actor i n un its of ton s/m

m Btu. Heat Input Methodologies To d etermine the hourly

heat input for an LME unit, there are t wo o ptions:

C The

maxim um rated un it hea t in put m ay be reported f

or each uni t operati ng h our; or

C Long-term f

uel fl ow may be used. The

long-term

fuel fl ow methodology requi

res a r eliable est imate o f the amou nt of e ach t ype o f fuel co mbust ed in t he unit dur ing each quarter 36 . D at a fro m cert ifi ed Ap pend ix D fuel flowmet er s o r g as billi ng rec ords may be us ed to mak e th es e e sti mate s. A l tern ati ve l y , f or f ue l oil , on e of several acceptabl

e API “tank drop” m

easurem ent me thods may

be used. The

to tal uni t heat in put for the quarter is

calcul ated from the es tim ated quarter ly

fuel usage and the fuel

GCV 37

. T he t o t al h ea t inp ut is t he n a pp o r t io ne d t o t he ind ivid ua l un it operati ng h ours, on the b asis of

uni t load

. Basic Equations To determi

ne the hourl

y SO 2 , NO x , and CO 2 mass emissio ns, a n equ at ion t hat has t he fol lowi ng ba sic structure is used: Mass emissions = Default emission rate x Hourly heat input (lb or tons) (lb or tons /mmBtu) (mmBtu) In t he ge ner al equ at ion abo ve, t he t er m “hour ly heat inpu t ” eit her re pr ese nt s t he pr od uct of t he max imum r at ed ho ur ly un it he at inp ut ( mmBt u/ hr ) an d t he un it o pe r at ing t ime 38 (hr), or is an39 These reference methods are fo und in Appendices A-2, A-4 and A-7 of 40 CFR Part 60. 48 apportioned

va l ue f rom th e l ong-term f uel f l ow m ethodol ogy . The h eat input apporti onm

ent equa tions for l ong-term fu el fl ow have the gen

eral form : Hourly heat input = Total quarterly heat input x Hourly unit load ( mmBtu) (mmBtu) Sum of all quarterly loads In this g en era l eq ua ti on, the un it l oad s a re e xp res se d on a c ons i stent b as i s, e

ithe r i n m eg aw atts or thousa nds of p ounds

(kl b) of steam per h our. The qua rterly SO 2 , NO x , and CO 2 mas s e miss io ns a r e c alc ula t ed by su mming t he ho ur ly mass e m i ssi ons an d convertin

g thi s sum

to t ons as

nec essa ry (i.e ., for SO 2 and NO x ). The cum ul ativ e an nual (or ozone season

) tons of SO 2 , NO x , and CO 2 ar e ca lculat ed by su mmi ng t he appropri ate quarterl

y val ues. Th e cum ul ativ e SO 2 and/or NO xval

ues are t hen compared again st the LME em

is si on threshol d val

ues i n Tabl e 13, above, to det ermi

ne wh ether the uni

t has retain

ed its LME stat us. 6.1.4 How are site-specif ic default NO x

emi ssi on r

ates deter mined for

an LME unit ? There are three bas ic

sources of i

nf ormation that m

ay be used to determi

ne the sitespeci fi c NO xem is si on rate(s) for a LME uni t. These are:

C Emi ssi

on testing;
C Hist or ical CEM S d at a; and
C Previous Appendi x E test results Emission Tes

ting As ex pla in ed i n Section 6.1.3 ab ove, emissi on testing ma

y (and f or gaseous fuel s other than na tural gas , must ) be perf

ormed to establi sh f

uel - and uni

t-specif ic defaul t NO xem is si on rates f or a LM E un it. Te sti n g a t f our l oad l ev els is r eq ui re d ( wi th som e ex ce pti on s- --s ee b el ow) , w ith three run s at ea

ch l oad. The b asi

c proce dures

des cri be d i n Pa rt 75, A ppen di x E, s ection 2.1 a

re used f or t he testin

g, except that unit hea

t input i s not meas ured during the test runs. Periodic retesti ng i s req ui red, once e ve

ry f i ve y ears(20 ca

l en dar qu arters)

. EPA Re f ere nc e M ethods 7E a

nd 3A are us ed to tes t boi

l ers an d M ethod 20

i s u se d f or comb ustion turbi

nes 39 , except that t he NO xconc en tration s are

not correc ted to 15% O 2 . In addi tion, for uni

ts equipped wi

th add-on NO xem

i ssi on con trols(e.g., wa

ter i nj ection, SC R, etc.) and f or co mb ustion turbi

nes that use l

ean prem ix (dry l ow-NO x) technology

to reduce NO x em i ss i on s, appr opr

i ate pa ra m ete rs m us t b e m onitore d a

n d rec ord ed

duri n g th e te st p er i od, to documen t t hat the em

is si on contro ls

are working properl

y. F rom thi s data, acceptable

val ues40 This adjustment is described below , in section 6.1.5. 49 an d/or ran

ges f or each param eter are estab l i sh ed an d kep t in a qua l ity-a ssu rance pl an f or the un it. For a group o f “

ide ntica l”LME uni

ts, a subset of the uni

ts may be tested, rather t han tes tin g e ac h

un it in di v i du al l y . To be c on si

de re d i de n ti ca l , all of th e u n its i

n th e group m

us t:

C Be o f the same size (maximum rat ed ho ur ly heat inpu t ); a nd
C Have the same h

istory of m

odifi cations (e.g. , cont rol device i nstall ations, freq uenc y of major maintena nce o ut age s, e t c. ); a nd
C Have stack or turbin e outlet temperatures withi n ±50 B F of

the avera ge sta ck or turbin e outlet temperature for the group. If the grou p of LM E un its q ua l i f i es as i de nti

ca l , Ta bl e L M- 4 i n § 75. 19 i

s u se d to de

term ine how many units ne ed t o be t est ed ( e. g. , if the re ar e 3 t o 6 unit s in the gr ou p, at least 2 unit s must be tested). In the f

oll owing i nstances , the in

iti al NO xem i ss i on rate

tes ting (or p eri odi c re tes ting ) f or LME uni ts may be done at f

ewer than f

our loads

C Testing m

ay be done at a si

ngl e l oad if the uni t has operated at a si

ngl e l oad level f or at l ea st 8 5% of

the operati ng hou rs in th e p as t 3 y ea rs or ozon

e s ea son s; or

C T es t ing may be co nd uc t ed at t wo o rt hr ee lo ad lev els if t ho se lo ad lev els cu m ulati ve l y rep res en t at l ea st 8 5% of

the operati ng hou rs in th e p as t 3 y ea rs or ozon e s ea son s; or

C Fo r c ombu st ion t ur bines t hat op er at e pr incipally at bas e- load (o r a t a se t -p oint tem pe ra ture) , b ut a

re ca pa b l e of ope ra tin g a t a h i gh er pe ak l oad l ev el (or a t a hi gher i nternal operating temperature), testing m ay be done onl

y a t base-load, provided that a sui

table upward adjustment i s m

ade to t he b ase-load NO xem i ss i on rate when the un

it operates at peak load 40 ; or

C If the i

ni tial testing was

performed at mul

tipl e l oad level s, the required retests m ay be done at si

ngl e l oad, i.e., at t he l

oad level for whi ch the h igh est NO xem

i ss i on ra te w asob tai

n ed in th e i n iti al tes t. Histor ical CE MS Data If a un it has at least three y

ears (or o zone seasons ) of qual ity -assured hi storical

NO x em is si on rate data from a NO x -d iluent CE MS, t he CE MS d at a may be use d t o d et er mine fuel- and uni t-specif ic defaul t NO xemi ssion rates. In order to do t hi s, at least 168 hours of qual ity -assured dat a ar e r equ ired for eac h fuel t ype, re pr ese nt ing t he full rang e o f nor mal unit o per at ing41 SC R a nd S NC R stand

f or se le ct iv e c ata ly tic red uc tio n and s el ec

tiv e no n-c ata ly tic red uc tio n, respective

ly, w hich ar e pos t-combustion NO x emission contr ol technologies. 50 conditions. Appendix

E Test R esults Fo ra p ea kin g u nit sw it ch ing fr o m t he Ap pe nd ix E met ho do lo gy ( se e S ec t io n 5 o f t his guide ) to LME, the resul ts of a previ

ous four-load Appen

dix E NO xem

i ss i on tes t m ay b e u se d to determi ne the si te-specif ic defaul t NO xemission r at es, pr ovid ed t hat t he t est re sult s ar e less t han 5 ye ars old. 6.1.5 Which site-specific defaul t NO x emission r

ates are used for r

eporting ? On ce t he ne ce ss ar y emis sio n t es t da t a o rCE MS da t a fo rea ch t ype o f fue l co mbu st ed in the uni t have b een obtai

ned, as desc

rib ed i n Section 6.1.4, above, the si te-specif ic defaul t NO x emi ssion rate(s) t hat wil

l be used for Part 75 repo rting are det ermi ned as fol lows:

C If the NO x

emission rate is based on emission test results:

< Report t he h

igh est NO xem

is si on rate obt ai

ned at any

tested load lev

el (av erage of th ree runs ), except f

oruni ts t hat use SCR o r SNCR 41 , and as otherwise n

oted bel ow.

< If the un

it i s an un contro ll ed diff usi on fl am e turbin e, report the hi

ghest 3- run average

NO xemission r at e o bt ained a t any te st ed lo ad, co rr ect ed t o t he aver age annua l ambient co ndit ions o f te mper at ur e, pr essu re and r elat ive hum idi ty at the test site, usin

g Equation LM-1a i

n §75.19.

< For units equipped with SCR or SNCR:

--- If the testin

g was done downstream

of the SCR or SNCR, whil e these em is si on contro ls

were in operation , r ep o rt t he h ighe r o f:

C The hi

ghest 3-run ave

rage NO xem

is si on rate obt ai

ned at an y tested l oad l ev el ; or
C 0.1 5 l

b/m m Btu

--- If the testin

g was perf

ormed upstream

of t he SN CR o r S NCR (o r w ith t he these cont rols out-of-service ), and if the uni t also uses water or steam in jection or dry l

ow-NO x(DLN) technology to reduce NO xem i ssi ons, and if the water inj ection, steam in jection, or DLN technol ogy wasin-service dur ing t he t est ing, r epo rt t he highes t 3- ru n aver age emission r at e at any51 tested load lev

el as the def

aul t NO xem is si on rate.

< For a turbin

e that operat es onl

y a t base l oad and peak l

oad (o r at t wo dis tinct set-point tempe

ratures), r eport the 3-run average NOxem i ss i on ra t e fro m the ba se lo ad t est ing when t he unit op er at es a t base load , a nd report the 3-run average f rom the peak l

oad test in g when the uni t o perates at peak load. If testin

g was done onl

y a t base l oad, use a NO xem

i ss i on rate of 1.15 ti m es th e b ase l oad em i ssi on rate d uri ng p eak l oad opera tion

.

< For uni

ts that use add-o n (post-co mb ustion) NO xco nt ro ls of any kind a nd for uni ts that use dry l

ow-NO xt ec hno lo gy, r ep o r t t he ap pr o pr iat e g en er ic defaul t NO xem is si on rate from Tabl

e LM-2 (§75.19) in stead of the sitespeci fi c NO xemission r at e, for any unit o per at ing ho ur in which the r eq uir ed pa r ame t r ic d at a ( e. g. , t he wa t er - t o - fue l ra t io ) is u na va ilable o rfails t o do cu men t t ha t t he emis sio n c o nt r o ls a r e w o r ki ng pr o pe r ly.

< For

a g roup of i de nti ca l LM E un its, f oll ow th e s am e b as i c rul es as f

or si ngl e uni ts, except that when i

t is appropriate to use the highest 3-run average NO xem

is si on rate, apply

the hi ghest 3-run ave

rage obtained at an y tes ted l oad , f or an y tes ted un it, to all of the uni

ts in the group.

C If the NO x

emission r

ate is based on historical CEMS data:

< Use the 95 th pe r ce nt ile va lue fr o m ea ch fue l-s pe cific da t a s et as t he de fau lt NO xem i ss i on rate , wi

th on e e xc ep ti on—

f or un its e qui pped w ith S CR

or SNCR, if the 95 th percentil

e val ue i s l ess than 0.15 lb /mm Btu, use 0.15 lb /mm Btu as the defaul

t NO xem is si on rate. 6.1.6 What are the recordkeeping a nd reporting requirements for LME uni ts ? Fo r a LM E un it, th e f ol l owi n g e ss en ti al re cor ds m us t b e k ep t f or th re e y ea rs , e ith er on -s ite or (fo r u nmanned fac ili

t ies) a t a ce nt ra l locat ion:

C Rec or ds indica t ing which ho ur s t he unit op er at ed a nd, for eac h of t hese hou rs, t he un it o pe r at ing t ime 38 ;
C The

typ e(s) of

f uel (s) com

busted duri

ng e ach operati ng h our;
C The uni

t load durin

g each operatin

g hour (megawatts or klb/h r of steam), i

f longter m f ue l f l ow i s u se d to q

ua n tif y h ea t inpu t;
C Cal

cul ated hourl

y SO 2 , NO xand CO 2 mass em i ssi ons ( as a ppl i cabl e);
C The m

ethods used to det ermi

ne the h ourly heat i nput val ues and the h

ourly NO x emi ssion rates;
C If the l

ong-term fue

l f low m ethod is used , the quantity of each type of f uel co mbu st ed in e ac h q ua r t er , t he GC V o f ea ch t ype o f fue l, an d t he t o t al q ua r t er ly42 Additio nal information on the LME mod ule, in the f

orm of a tutorial o

n CD-ROM , is availab

le without cost at th e fo

llowing web address: ww w.e pa.go v/ai rmarkets /monito ring/mdc/

index. html 52 heat input ; and
C For uni

ts with add-on NO xem

is si on contro ls

or t hat use dry

low-NO xt ec hno lo gy, r ec o r ds o f t he pa r ame t r ic d at a t o ve r ify pr o pe ro pe r at io n o f t he emis sio n c o nt r o ls (i.e., to justif

y us in g the si te-specif ic NO xem i ssi on rates ). A ll of th e a b ov e i n f orm ati on , e x ce pt f or th e p ar am etr i c d ata , m us t b e rep orte d q

ua rterl y to EPA in a s tan da rd i ze d e l ec tron

i c d ata repor tin g ( ED R) f

orm at. How ev

er , n ote th

at a da ta acqui si tion and h andl in g sy stem (DA

HS) is n ot necess aril

y requi red to generate the quarterly EDR repo rts for an LME uni

t. EPA’s Clean

Ai r Market s Div

isi on has devel

oped a special LME mod ule wit hin its Mo nito ring D at a Che cking ( MDC ) so ftw ar e, which is cap able o f gener at ing qu ar ter l y ED Rsf or L ME un its 42

. 6.1.7 What are the o n-goin g QA/QC requirements for LME un its ? On-going quali

ty-assurance is requi

red for LME units o nly if

the l ong -ter m f ue l f l ow op ti on is used for heat input and/ or if site- spe cific emission ra t es a re use d t o r epo rt emissions d at a. The qual ity contro l a nd qual ity-assurance (QA

/QC) provisi

ons that must be i

mpl em ented are as foll ows:

C If si

te-specif ic NO xemi ssion rates are used for r epor ting, these emi ssion rates must be re-de term ine d every

f ive y ears(20 ca

l en dar qu arters) ;

C For gaseous fuels other than natural gas, ann ual sam pli ng of the f

uel ’s tot al sul fur content i s requi

red. The d

ef aul t SO 2 emission r at e cu rr ent ly i n use must be updated i f th e resul ts of the a nn ual sul fu r sam pl ing gi ve a n SO 2 em is si on rate t hat ex cee ds the curr

en t val ue.

C If si

te-specif ic em is si on rates are used for report in g purposes, records must be kept of a ll em i ssi on testsan d/or data a

na l y ses use d to determ

ine the em i ssi on rates
. These rec or ds ar e kep t u ntil the emission ra te s are re- det ermined;

C If the un

it i s equi pped wi th add-on NO xem

is si on contro ls

or dry low-NO x tech nol ogy , and if

si te-specif ic NO xemission rates are used for r epor ting purposes, a qu ality-a ssu ra nce p lan must be de velop ed a nd ke pt on- site , w hich explains t he procedures used to documen t pro per operat ion of

the em is sion contro ls . The pl an m us t cl ea rl y de f ine al l of the pa ram ete rs m oni tored an d the a cc ep tab l e ra

ng e(s ) or va l ue(s ) f or each param eter;

C Fuel

bi ll in g records must be kept f

or t hree y ears, if that opt ion is used f

or longterm f uel fl ow;43 Theref ore , the L ME methodo

log y may be used f or o ne mo re y ear o r ozo ne season afte

r LME s tatus has be en lo st.
44 Fuel swit ch in g i s gen er al ly pl an ne d wel l i n a dva nc e. T hi s pr ovid es su ffici en t t im e to i ns ta ll an d cer ti fy contin uous monitori ng systems. 53 C If t he t ank d ro p met hod is used t o q uant ify long -t er m oil fl

ow , r eco rd s must be kept f or th ree y ea rs of al l qua rter l y m ea su rem en ts, a nd a c opy of the A PI m ethod use d must be ke pt on- fil

e; and

C If a certi

fi ed Appen dix D fuel fl owmeter is

used f or long-term f

uel fl ow, t he QA r eq uir eme nt s in s ec t io n 2

. 1. 6 o f Ap pe nd ix D mus t be met ( se e S ec t io n 4

. 8 o f t his gui de). 6.1.8 What ha ppens if a low mass emissions uni t loses its LME sta tus ? If , at th e e nd of a c al en da r y ea r or oz one

se as on, it i s d

ete rm ined th at th

e e m i ss i ons f rom an LME uni

t have exceeded the applicabl e threshold val

ue(s) in Tabl

e 13, above, t he uni

t’s LME status is l ost at that point. When

this occurs, §75.19 requires Part 75-compli ant contin uous moni to rin g sy stems to be i

nstal led and certif

ied for al l pa rameters by D ecem

ber 31 of the cal

endar year f ollowi ng the year i

n whi ch LME statu s is l

ost . For e xam

ple, i f an Aci d Rain-aff ected LME uni t emi ts 125 to ns of

NO xin 2004, then Part 75 continuous m onitorin g sy stems m

ust be i nstal led and certif ied by Decem ber 31, 2005 43 . To meet the Part 75 moni to rin g requirem

ent, CEMS, fuel f l owm ete rs , or th e A ppe nd ix E m ethodol ogy may be us ed , as ap propri ate . If

the ce rti f i ca ti on de adl ine i s n ot m et, m ax im um pote nti al va l ue s a nd con se rv ati ve em i ss i on f ac tors m us t be us ed f or report in g purposes until

the certif ic ation tests are compl

eted. LME status can al so be l

ost if a uni t switches to a fuel ot her than oi

l or gas. In thi s case, the uni t loses i ts LME status as of the fi rst hour t hat the new f

uel is comb usted, and Part 75- compl ia nt moni to rin g sy stems m

ust be i nstal led and certif

ied pri or to the fuel

swi tch 44 . I f the monit or ing re quir ement is not met o n-t ime, maximum pot ent ial values must be r epo rt ed u nt il the moni to rin g sy stems a

re certif ied. 6.2 Coal -Fir

ed Uni ts The CA MR rul e, whi ch was pub

lished i n the Federal Regi ster on May 18, 2005, pro vi

des t he blu ep r int fo ra me r cu r y ca p a nd t r ad e p r o gr am t ha t will a ffec t all 5 0 s t at es . T he pr o gr am is schedul ed to be im

ple me nted in 2009. The regula

ted units un

der CAMR

are coal-f

ired EGUs that serve a gen

erator > 25 m

egawatts. The rule, whi

ch h as been

codif ied as Subpart HHHH of 40 CFR Part 60, requires Hg m ass em is si ons to be moni

to red according to Part 75. However, prior to 2005, Part 75 did not have an y Hg moni

to rin g provisi ons. Theref

ore, as54

part o f the M ay

18, 2005 rulem

aki ng, a new Sub

part I was added to Part 75. S ubpart I (§§75.80 -84) prov i des the n ece ssa ry Hg m ass em i ssi ons m oni torin g gui del ine s f or the tradi

ng p rogram . The available Hg monit or ing o pt ions a re des cr ibed in §75 .8 1. Fo r a ny affect ed u nit in t he pr og ra m, t he o wner or op er at or may install and c er t ify an Hg CE MS o r a so rbe nt t ra p mo nito ring sy stem to continuous l

y m oni tor the Hg c once

ntrati on. Both of th ese m oni torin g opti ons r

equi re the us e of a s tac k f l ow m oni tor to con ve rt th e m ea su red Hg con ce ntrati ons to mas s em

i ss i on ra t es. Fo r so rbe nt t ra p syst ems and Hg C EMS t hat measu re on a dr y basis, a co rr ect ion fo r t he stack gas m ois ture con

tent i s also requ

i red. For units with very

low annual

Hg mass em

issi ons ( # 29 l

b/ y r), c onti nu ous m oni tori ng of the Hg concentration i s not required. For these l ow mass em is si ons uni

ts, Subpart I pr ovide s an al ternative Hg m

onitorin g me thodo logy , whi

ch al lows a cons ervativ

el y h igh defaul t Hg co ncent ra t ion t o be re po rt ed fo r e ach u nit o per at ing ho ur (se e §§ 75. 81( b) t hro ugh ( f)). The defaul t Hg concentration is

based on the results of e

missi on testing. In orde r f or a uni t to qua l i f y to us e th e l ow m as s em i ss i ons m ethodol ogy , th e ow ne

r or operato r must perf

orm Hg em

is si on testing pri

or t o January

1, 2009, t o determin

e the Hg co ncent ra t ion in t he effluent gas st re am. T he t est ing co nsist s o f a mini mum of t hre e r uns a t t he normal uni t o perating l

oad. If the uni

t is equi pped wi th fl ue gas desul

furi zation or add-on Hg em is si on contro ls , the contro ls mus t be operating norm

al ly durin g the testing. Based on the resul

ts of the em

is si on testing, the f

oll owing equation i s used to pro vi de an es timate of th e a n nua l Hgmas s e

m i ss i on s f rom th e u n it: E = 876 0 K C HgQ max Wh ere: E = Esti

mated an nua l Hg m ass em i ssi ons f rom th e af f ected u ni t (ounce s/y

ear) K = Uni

ts conversi

on constant, 9.978 x 10 -10 o z- sc m/ : g-scf 8760 = Numb

er of hours i

n a y ear C Hg = The highest Hg c onc ent ra t ion ( : g/scm ) from an y of the test runs or 0. 50 : g/scm , whichever is

greater Q max = Ma

xi m um pote nti al f l ow ra te, dete rm ined acc ordi

ng to se cti on 2 .1.4 .1 of Par t 75, Appe ndix A (sc fh) This eq uat ion g ives a ver y cons er vat ive est imate o f the annua l Hg emissio ns. I t assu mes t hat t he un i t operate s y

ea r-rou nd at i ts m ax im um pote nti al f l ow ra te. I f the hi gh es t Hg c onc en

trati on me asured i

n an y of the test runs is l

ess than 0.50 : g/scm , a defaul

t value of 0.50 : g/ scm must be use d in t he ca lculat ions. No t e also t hat t his metho do log y doe s no t re quir e a c or re ct ion fo r t he sta ck ga s m oi stu re con ten t. If the esti ma te of the annua

l Hg m ass em is si ons obtain

ed from the equation ab ove i s 46455

ounc es p er y

ear or l ess (i .e., # 29 lb/ yr), t hen t he unit is eligibl e t o u se t he low mass emissio ns me thodo logy , and contin

uous moni

to rin g of the Hg concen

trat ion is not required. For each qual if yi ng l ow mass em is si ons uni

t, t he owner or operat or must subm it the resul

ts of the Hg em is si on testing to the Adm

in is trat or and to the permi

tt in g authority, no l

ater t han 45 day s af

ter the test in g is compl

eted. The calcul

ations demonstrat in

g that the unit emi

ts 464 o unces (or less) per y ea r of Hg m us t al so b e p rov i de d, a

nd the de f au l t Hg c onc en

trati on th at w ill be us ed f or rep orti ng m us t be sp ec i f i ed . Th e re gul atory ag en ci es wi ll trea t the su bm ittal as a c erti f i ca ti on ap pl i ca ti on , a n d th e m eth odol ogy wi ll b e c on si de re d to be prov

i si on al l y ce rti f i ed asof th e d ate and h our o f com

ple tion of the Hg em

is si on testing. Fo ll owi n g i n iti al ce rti f i ca ti on , th e s am e def au l t Hgcon cen tra ti on v al ue th at w asus ed

to est imate t he unit ’s annu al Hg mas s emissions is rep or t ed fo r e ach u nit o per at ing ho ur . T he de f au l t Hg c onc en

trati on val ue m us t al so b e upda

ted periodi ca l l y , b as ed on th e re su l ts of ad di t io na l r eq ui r ed emis sio n t es t ing

. Re

- t es t ing is r eq ui r ed eit he rse mian nu ally o ran nu ally, depe nd ing on th e re su l ts ob tai ned i n th e p rev i ous tes t. If

the es timate d a

nn ua l Hg em i ss i ons f rom the previ ous test are # 14 4 o un ce s/ yea r( 9 lb /yr ) , t he r et es t fr eq ue nc y is a nnu al a nd t he ne xt t es t is due in four “QA o per at ing qu ar t er s” ( see foo t not e 63 , be low) . I f the est imated annua l emissions exce ed 9 lb/yr, t he r et est freq uenc y is semiannual and t he next t est is due in tw o Q A op er at ing quart ers. If the l ow m as s em i ss i ons un it i s e qui pped w ith a

f l ue ga s des ul f uri za ti on sy stem

or ad d-on Hg controls , the owner or operator mus t record the appropri ate param etric data or SO 2 em

i ss i on da ta f or ea ch un i t operati ng hou r, to doc um en t prop er op era

ti on of the em i ss i on c ontr

ol s. F or any uni t o perating h

our in wh ic h thi s documen

tation is unav aila bl e, the max

im um potential

Hg concentration m

ust be reported. The l ow mass em is si ons m ethodology m

ay be used f or repo rting Hg m

ass em is si ons at com m on an d m ul ti pl e s tack c on f

i gura ti on s, i f th e f ol l owi n g c on di ti on s a re m et.

C Fo r a co mmon st ack , a ll units us ing t he st ack must be CAMR affect ed u nits a nd each uni t must be test ed in

div idual ly to demonstrat e that it emits # 464 oun ce s of Hg per y ea r. If the se con di ti ons are m et, th e def au l t Hg c onc en

trati on u se d f or repo rting at t he comm

on stack w il

l ei ther be the highest val

ue obt ain ed in any test run f or any of the uni ts servi ng the com

mon s tack or 0. 50 : g/ sc m, wh ich ev er is greate r.

C Fo r u nits w ith mult iple st ack or duc t co nfigura t ions, Hg e mission t est ing must be performed separately

on each stack or duct, and the sum of the esti

ma ted annual Hg ma ss em

is si ons f rom the stacks or ducts must not exceed 464 ounces of Hg per y ea r. For re porti ng pur pos es , th e d ef

au l t Hg c onc en

trati on u se d f or ea ch sta ck or duct wil l e ither be the hi

ghest val ue obtain ed i n an y test run f

or t hat stack or 0.50 : g/sc m , wh

i ch ev er i s gre ater.56

C Fo run it s w it h a main s t ac k a nd byp as s s t ac k c o nfig ur at io n, Hg emis sio n t es t ing is performed only

on the ma

in stack. For repo rting purposes, the def aul t Hg co nc en t r at io n u se d fo rt he main s t ac k w ill eit he rbe t he hig he st va lue o bt ain ed in any test run or 0.50 : g/ sc m, wh ich ev er is g r ea t er . Whe ne ve rt he main s t ac k is by passed, the m

axi mum pot entia l Hg c oncentration m

ust be reported. A t the en d of ea ch ca l en da r y ea r, i f the cu m ulati ve an nu al Hg mas s em

i ss i ons f rom a l ow mass emissio ns unit have e xcee ded 464 ou nces , t he o wner must insta ll, cer t ify , o per at e, and ma in tain a Hg concentration m

onitorin g sy stem or a sorbent trap moni to rin g sy stem wi

thin 180 day s af ter t he en d of the cal

endar y ear in whi ch the an nual Hg ma ss em

is si ons exceeded 464 o unc es . F o r c o mmon st ac k a nd mu lt iple s t ac k c o nfigu ra t io ns, inst allat io n an d c er t ificat io n o f a Hg co nc en t r at io n o rso r be nt t r ap mo nit o r ing sys t em o n e ac h st ac k ( ex ce pt fo rbyp as s s t ac ks ) is likew ise r eq uir ed wit hin 1 80 da ys aft er t he e nd o f t he c ale nda r ye ar , if:

C The ann

ual Hg ma ss em

is si ons at the comm

on stack have

exceeded 464 ounc es tim es th e n um be r of a f f ected u ni ts usi ng th e com m on stac k; or

C The s um

of th e a n nua l Hgmas s e

m i ss i on s f rom al l of th e m ul ti pl e s tacks or d

uc ts ha s exc ee de d 464 oun

ce s; or

C The sum

of the ann

ual Hg ma ss em

is si ons f rom the m

ai n an d by pass stacks has exceeded 464 ou nces.57 

### 7.0 PART 75 MONITORING S YSTEM CERTIFICATI ON PROCEDURES
7.1 How ar

e Par t 75 monitor

ing sys tems c

ertif ied ? Befo re any dat a fro m Par t 75 mo nito ring syst ems can be re po rt ed a s qu ality-a ssu re d, t he syst ems must pas s a se ries o f cer t ifi cat ion t est s, t o d emons t ra t e t hat t hey are cap able o f pro viding accurate emissi

ons data. The overall

moni to rin g sy stem certi

fi cation process consists of several st ep s, as sho wn in Fig ur e 3

. T he r eq uir eme nt s o f ea ch ce r t ifica t io n st ep ar e d isc us se d in de t ail, bel ow. No te that for low mass em is si ons (LME) uni

ts, t he certif

ic ation process i s somew

hat di f f eren t, and theref ore i s di scu ssed se

paratel y in s ection 6 of

thi s gui de. 7.2 Step 1—Submit an Initial Monitoring Plan Fo r e ac h af f ec ted un it, a n in iti al m onitori n g p l an m us t b e s ubm

itted at l ea st 4 5 d ay s pri

or to t he st ar t of t he ce rt ifi

cat ion t est ing o f the monit or ing syst ems. T he monit or ing plan ident ifi es t he ove ra ll m onit or ing st ra t egy fo r e ach u nit. The plan must co nt ain sufficient info rmat ion abo ut t he monit or ing syst ems t o d emons t ra t e t hat all of t he r egu late d emissio ns fro m the u nit w ill be m easure d and

reported. The m

oni toring p l an c onsi sts of two parts:

C Electr

onic , wh i ch inc l udes the f oll owing i nf orma tion , arran

ged i n EPA ’s standard el ec tron i c d ata repor tin g ( ED R) f

orm at:

< Un it info r mat io n, su ch as t he un it t ype , t he max imu m he at inp ut ca pa cit y, t he o per at ing ra nge o f the unit (in t er ms of mega wat t s o r st eam loa d) , t he type(s) of f

uel comb usted, the type(s) of em

is si on contro ls , etc; < Uni

t-st ack conf

iguration in

form ation, i ndi catin g how the eff

lue nt gases f rom the un it di sc ha rge to the atm osp he re- -- i .e. , th

roug h a si ng l e s tac k or mul tiple stacks, or thro ugh a comm on stack shared w ith other units; < A de sc ri pti on of the m ethodol ogy us ed to m oni tor ea ch pol l uta nt or param eter (e.g ., CEMS , Appen

di x D , Appen

di x E, e tc.). < Moni

to rin g sy stem i nf ormation, e.g., the poll

utant or parame

ter moni to red by the syste m, the make, mo del and ser ial num ber o f each analyzer, et c; < Mat hemat ical for mulas us ed t o c alculat e emissions and he at input ; and < Analyzer s pan a nd r ange informat ion;

C Hard copy , w h i ch in cl ud essu pp lem en tal in f orm ati on th at is i n com pa ti b l e w ith EDR format, such as:

< Schematic diagrams and bl ueprints; < Data flow diagrams;58

Subm it In itial Monitor ing Pla n The sou rce s ubmits the monitoring pla n to EP A an d th e St at e > 45 da ys or more befor e certif

icat ion testing

Su bmit C ertificat ion T est Not ices The sou rce pr ovides notice to EP A and the St at e at lea st 2 1 days before t esting begins

The r equired tes ts a re done and a cert ifica tion ap plica tion is p repa red for subm issi on to E PA an d th e St ate Conduc t Cer tifica tion Tes ting

The sour ce submits the ap plicat ion within 45 da ys of completing t esting. The e le ctr on ic po rti on go e s to CA MD a nd ha rd co py po rtio n goe s to the State and EPA Region. If the application is in

compl ete, the source is n oti fie d an d g iven reaso nabl e t im e t o sub mit the missing infor mation. Su bmit Cer tifica tion Applica tion

A not ice of ap pr ova l or dis ap pr ova l is iss ued wit hin 1 20 da ys of

rec eipt of t he comp leted ap pli ca tio n. In t he ab senc e of s uc h not ice, the mo ni torin g sy stem s are co nsi de red to be ce rtifi ed by de faul t. Receiv e Ag ency Appr oval or Di sappro val -------------- ------------

-------------- -----------

-------------- ------------

.

-------------- -------------

-------------- --------------

Figure 3: Mon itoring Syst em Certification Process45 See the f ollo wing we b ad dres s— http: //w ww .epa. gov /airmarkets

/monito ring/arp/mo nplanemail.html 59 < Test p rot oco ls; < Te chnical just ifi

cat ions; a nd < Spec i al

docum en tation (e.g., f uel sam pl ing data, v en dor guara

ntee s, etc.) The el ec tron

i c p orti on of th e m onitori n g p l an m us t b e s en t to the E PA

Cl ea n A i r M ar kets Div is ion (CA MD) 45 , a n d th e hard c opy

por ti on goe s to th e E PA

Re gi on al Of f i ce an d to th e S tate Ag en cy. CAM D u se s it s M o nit o r ing Da t a C he ck ing ( MD C) so ft wa r e t o ev alu at e t he ele ct r o nic portion of the m oni toring p l an a

nd s ends feedba ck to the source, to the State, and to the EPA Reg ion. The St at e and EP A Reg ional Offices t hen r eview t he har d co py piece of t he monit or ing pla n, toget her wi

th the feedb ack from

CAMD on the

electronic portion. The revi ewi ng agen ci es comm uni cate their f

in din gs to t he source and h

el p to resolve any

is sues or defi

ci enci es identif ied during the review pro cess. The m on itori n g p l an i s a “ l i v in g” doc um

en t, i n th at i t m us t b e c ontinuou sl

y up da ted to ref l ect ch an ges to the m

oni torin g sy stem s ove r tim e. A s tech nol ogy adv ances , the m

oni tors origi nal ly descri bed i n the m onitorin g pla n m ay be repl aced, or t he m

onitorin g me thodo logy

ma y be ch an ged. A

l so, f aci l ity ope rati ons m ay ch an ge an

d neces si tate the u se of

addi tion al m oni tors or al tern ati ve plac em en t of ex i sti ng m oni tors. Th ere

f ore, f or an y m odi f i ca ti on, rep l ac em

en t, or ot her cha nge to an approved m

onitorin g sy stem or moni

to rin g me thodo logy , the moni

to rin g pla n mus t be updated. For exampl e, replaci ng a gas an

al yz er requires a

moni to rin g pla n update, be caus e Part 75 requi

res th e m ake, m odel an d se ri al num be r of e ach an al y zer to be reported. Note t hat Part 75 all

ows all of the m onitorin g pla n i nf ormation, i

ncl udin g the hard copy porti on, to be stored e l ec troni ca

ll y , provi de d th at a pa per cop y ca n b e f urn i sh ed to an ins pe ctor or au di tor upon re qu es t. 7.3 Step 2—Submit Certification Test Notices Cer t ifi cat ion t est not ices must be se nt t o C AMD, t o t he E PA Re gio nal Office and t o t he ap propri ate

State or l oca l ai r ag en cy , at l ea st 2 1 da

y s pri or to con ducting the req ui red ce rti f i ca ti on t est ing. T her e is o ne exc ept ion t o t his-- - fo r t he ce rt ifi cat ion o f Append ix D fuel flowmet er s, t he notif ic ations are n

ot required. 7.4 Step 3—Conduc

t Cer tificatio n Testing The types of certif ic ation tests required f

or Part 75 moni

to rin g sy stems a

re descri bed bel ow:

C 7-day ca libration error test --- Eva l ua tes the ac curacy an d s tabil ity of a g as or flow mo nito r’s calibrat ion o ver an ext ende d pe rio d o f unit o per at ion.60

C Linearity check

—Determi

nes wh ether the response of a gas moni to r is l in ear across its range
C System integrity check —F o ra me r cu r y CE MS eq uip pe d w it h a co nve r t er , t his t es t ve r ifies t ha t t he co nve r t er is w o r kin g p r o pe r ly
C RATA --- Compare em is si ons data recorded by a CEMS to data coll ected concurrently

with a n EPA em

is si on test method.
C Bias test —D ete

rm in eswh eth er a m onitori n g s y ste m i s b i as ed l ow w ith re sp ec t to the referen

ce m ethod, based on the RATA resul ts. If a low bia s i s f

ound, a bi as ad jus t men t fac t o r( BAF ) mus t be ca lcu lat ed an d a pp lied t o t he su bse qu en t ho ur ly em i ssi ons data. Th

i s test i s requi

red onl y for SO 2 , NO x , H g, and flo w monit or ing sys tems.
C Cycle time test —D ete rm ine s w he the r a g as m oni tori ng sy stem i s c ap ab l e of compl eting a t least one cy

cle of sam

pli ng, anal yz in g and data recording every 15 mi nutes.
C Flowmeter Accuracy test —D emo nst r at es t ha t a fu el flo wme t er ca n a cc ur at ely m ea su re th e f ue l f l ow r ate ov er th e n orm al ope ra tin g r an ge of th e u n it.
C Four-l oad NO x

emis sion r

ate testing a

nd heat input measur

ement –Provides data for a correlation curve of NO xem is si on rate vs. heat i

nput rate for an A pp en di xE pe ak in g u n it.
C NO x

emis sion r

ate testing a

t one or mor e unit loa ds —De t er mines fuel-and uni t-specif ic NO xem i ssi on f actors f or LME uni

ts (opti onal

).
C DAHS verification —Ensures that al

l e missi ons cal cul ations are b ei

ng perf ormed co r r ec t ly an d t ha t t he miss ing da t a r o ut ine s a r e b ein g a pp lied pr o pe r ly. T he sp ec ific c er t ifica t io n t es t s r eq uir ed fo rea ch Pa r t 75 mo nit o r ing sys t em a r e s ho wn in Tabl e 14. For the test procedures that must be f oll owed, see the fol

lowi ng sections of Part 75:

C Fo r CE MS-

-- Sec t ion 6 of Ap pend ix A.
C For fuel

fl ow meters---Section 2.1.5 of Appen dix D.
C For A

ppen di x E tes tin g---Section

2.1 of Appen di x E.
C For the data acquisi tion and h andl in g sy stem---§75.20(c)(9)61 Tab le 14 : R equ ired Cert ifi cat io n Te sts for Part 75 M onit oring S ystems To cer tify this type of monitoring sys tem. . . . . . These tests must be

per

for med . . . . . With t he following exceptions

and qua lif icati ons. . . . SO 2or NO x con cen tr at ion C 7-day calib ration error test.
C Linearity check.
C RATA (ppm basis)
C Bias te st.
C Cycle time tes t.
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Peaking unit s and SO 2and NO x span

values < 50pp m are

ex em pte d f rom the 7-day calib ration error test

C SO 2and NO x span valu es < 30pp m are exempted f

rom linear ity c

hecks

C SO 2mo nito

r is ex em pt f rom RA TA i f the un it bur ns onl y “very low- sul fur fuel ” or co mb us ts highe

r-s ulf ur f uel f or < 480 hou rs p er y ea r NO x- dil uent C 7-da y calibra tion err or test (each

analyzer).
C Linearity check (each ana lyze r).
C RATA (lb/mmBtu b asis).
C Bias te st.
C Cyc le time test (eac

h an alyzer).
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Peaking units an d NO x span valu es < 50

ppm are exe mpted fro m the 7- day calibrat ion err or test

C NO x span valu es < 30 ppm ar e exempted from linearity checks Stack g as flo

w rate C 7-day

calib ration error test.
C RATA (3-lo ad)
C Bias te st.
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Peakin g un its a re exem pted fr om th e

7-day calibrati on err or test

C On ly sin gl e-l oad RAT As a re re qui re d for fl ow mo nito rs o n pe aki ng u nits

and by pass stacks CO 2o r O 2con cen tr at ion C 7-day calib ration error test.
C Linearity check.
C RA TA
C Cycle time tes t.
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Peakin g un its a re exem pted fr om th e

7-day calibrati on err or test

H g c onc ent rati on CEMS C 7-day calibrati on err or test
C Lin eari ty check
C 3-level system i nt egri ty check
C Cycle time test
C RA TA
C Bias test
C DAHS ve ri fica ti on C Th e 7- da y cali bra ti on e rr or t est ma y be done with ele mental H g or a NIS Ttr acea ble sou rc e of oxi di zed Hg

C The linearity check

must b e do

ne with elemental Hg standards

C The sy stem integrity

chec k is o nly req uire d f or CEM S w

ith c onv ert ers46 See the f ollo wing we b ad dres s: http: //w ww .epa. gov /airmarkets

/monito ring/arp/ce

rtemail.html 62 Table 14 (cont’d)
To cer tify this type of monitoring sys tem. . . . . . These tests must be

per

for med . . . . . With t he following exceptions

and qua

lif icati ons. . . . So rbe nt tra p mo nito ring system C RA TA
C Bias test
C Appen dix K q uali ty-assur an ce procedur es
C DAHS ve ri fica ti on C No ex ce pti ons

Mois ture system w

ith we t a n d d r y O 2 ana lyzers(s) C 7-da y calibra tion err or test (each analyzer).
C Linearity check (each ana lyze r).
C RATA (% H2 O basis).
C Cyc le time test (eac

h an alyzer).
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Peakin g un its a re exem pted fr om th e

7-day calibrati on err or test

Continu ou s mo

is ture sen sor C RATA (% H2 O basis)
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C No ex ce pti ons
Continu ou s mo

is ture system con sis ti ng of a te mpe ratu re s ens or and a DAHS w

ith a “lookup table” C Dem ons tr at ion th at th e DAHS applies the correct moisture v alue from the loo

kup tab le at 3 repr esentati ve temperatur es. This option applies to saturated ga s s t r ea m s, on l y. C No ex ce pti ons

Appen dix D fuel flowmeter system C Flowmeter Accuracy test
C DA H S v

eri fi ca tio n. C Qu ali fy ing b ill ing m et ers Appendix E NO x system C NO x em is si on rate

te st ing a nd Appendix D heat input measurement at 4 un it loads
C DAHS ve ri fica ti on C Emergency fue l (tes ting optio

nal)

7.5 Step 4—Submit Certification Application Wi thi n 4 5 da y s a f ter c om pl eti ng the req ui red ce rti f i ca ti on te sti ng , a c erti f i ca ti on appl i cation m ust b e su bm itted. The re are two parts to the a

ppl i cation---el ectroni

c an d ha rd copy

.

C The elect ro nic par t of t he ap plicat ion co nsist s o f a co mplet e, upd at ed mo nito ring plan and t he r esu lts o f the cer t ifi cat ion t est s, in E DR fo rmat . T his par t of t he appli cation is sen

t t o CAMD 46

.47 For the Acid Rain Program, th e notice is issued b y EPA. For the NO x Budge t Program, the notic e is i ss ue d b y t h e S t a t e o r l oc a l a ge n cy.

48 Note th at if t he “con di ti ona l d at a va li da ti on” pr ocedu re s in §75 .2 0(b) (3) ar e use d, th e da te of prov isio nal ce rtific atio n will

be earlie r than the date

on w hich the c ertif

icati on te sts are c ompl eted (s ee se ctio n 9.5 of this guide). 63 C The

ha rd copy part of the a ppl i cation con si sts of

an appl i cation f orm, th e h ard cop y ce rti f i ca ti on te st re

port, a nd an y chan ge s m ad e to th e hard cop y porti on of th e m on itori n g p l an asa res ul t of th e te sti n g. T h i s p ar t of th e a pp l i ca ti on i s s en t to t he E P A R eg io na l Of

fic e a nd t o t he ap pr o pr iat e S t at e o rlo ca l ag en cy. If the certifi

cation appl

ic ation i s i

ncom ple te or is mi ssi ng an y i nf ormation, the revi

ewi ng agen ci es wil l n ot if y the source, and a reasonab le

am ount o f ti me wil l b e given to subm it the requi

red in form ation. A 120-day

revi ew period begin s when

a compl ete certifi cation appl

ic ation ha s been received. 7.6 Step 5—Receive Agency Approval or Disappr

oval The appropriate revi

ewi ng agen cy 47 will issu e a no t ice o f app ro val or disap pr ova l of t he cer t ifi cat ion ap plicat ion wit hin 120 days o f rec eiving t he co mplet e ap plicat ion. While the ap plic at io n is p en din g, t he mo nit o r ing sys t ems ar e c o nsid er ed t o be “p r o visio na lly ce r t ified ”. T his me ans that data from

the moni to rin g sy stems a

re considered to be quali

ty-assured, begin

ni ng at th e d ate an d h our of com pl eti on of th e c er tif i ca ti on tes ts 48 , and contin

uin g throughout the 120-day revi ew peri od, provid

ed that:

C The m

onitorin g sy stems a

re operat ed i

n accordance wi

th all appl ic abl e Part 75 requirem ents; an d
C A n

otice of d i sapprova l of th e app l i cation i s not is sue d i

n th e m ean tim e. If t he r eviewing a genc y fail s t o p ro vide no t ice o f app ro val or disap pr ova l of t he appl i cation b y the end of

the 1 20 da

y revi ew pe

ri od, then , provi

ded th at al

l requi red tes ts were suc ces sfully complet ed, t he monit or ing syst ems ar e co nsider ed t o be cer t ifi ed by de fault . D ur ing any period that the moni

to rin g sy stems a

re not pro vi si onal

ly or o ff icia ll y c ertif ied, the Part 75 m i ssi ng d ata proce dures

m ust b e us ed to esti

mate em i ssi ons ( see Secti on 9 of thi s gui de). 7.7 What refer

ence test methods and standards ar e used for

certification testing? Var iou s t est metho ds, so me of w hich have be en de velop ed by E PA and ot her s by reputab l e stan dards organ i zations such

as ASME, ar

e us ed to certi

f y Part 75 m

oni torin g sy stem s. In addition, hi

gh-quali ty cali bration gases are used in m any of the cert if

ication tests. T hese test me thods and cal

ib ration standards are di scussed bel ow.49 “EPA Trac ea bi lit y Pro to co l f or As say and C ert if ic ati on of Gas eo us Cal ib rati on St anda

rds ” S ep te mb er, 1997, EPA-600/R-97/121. 64 Calibration Gases Th e c erti f i ca ti on te stsof

Par t 75 g as m

oni tori ng sy stem s req

ui re th e u se of ca l i brati on ga se s, e i the r to ca l i brate the CEM S (e .g., f

or 7- da y ca l i brati on e rror te stsan

d l ine ari ty ch ec ks ) or to cal ib rate t he ref

erence m ethod anal

yz ers that are used for RATA s. The cal ib ration gas cy l inde rs us ed f or thes e tests are speci

al gas m ixture s tha

t hav e b een prepa red us ing a

standard EPA protoc ol

49 . Th es e p rotocol

ga s m ixtu res con si st of

known con ce ntrati ons of the pol l uta nt or dil uent gas es of

interest (e.g., SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , etc.), i n a non -reac tiv

e gas suc h a s n itrogen. To b e a cc ep tab l e f

or us e i n P art 7 5 a

ppl i ca ti ons , a c yl

ind er g as m us t m eet the de f ini ti on of “ca li bration gas ” i

n section 5 of Appen

dix A, and m ust be traceabl

e to st andard ref

erence mat er ials pr ep ar ed by t he Na t io na l In st it ut e o f St an da r ds an d T ec hno lo gy ( NI ST )

. T he o nly ex ce pt io n t o t his is pu r ified inst r ume nt air , wh ich may be us ed as a z er o ga s o ras an up sc ale cal i bra tion material f or O 2 anal yzers. EPA Reference Me

thods Part 75 requires peri odic relative accuracy test audits (RATAs ) of al l CEMS, both gas and f low m onitorin g sy stems. The

RATA compares data f

rom the CEMS to measurem ents m ade wi th a n E PA tes t m ethod (k nown a s a “ ref ere nc e m ethod” ). Ref

ere nc e m ethods are

al so u se d f

or Appen dix E NO xem

is si on testing an

d to determi

ne f uel - and uni

t-specif ic NO xem i ss i on rate s f

or LME un i ts. Except f

or the Ontari

o-Hydro m

ethod, whi

ch is an ASTM m

ethod, the EPA re fere nce t est metho ds a re fou nd in Appe ndices A-1 t hro ugh A- 7 o f 40 CF R Pa rt 60. The speci fi c m ethod(s) used for various Part 75 applic ations are sum ma rized i n Tabl e 15. Fuel Flowmeter Accuracy Standards Par t 75 s ou rc es u sing App endix D met hod olo gy ar e r equ ired t o c ont inuo usly monito r t he fuel fl ow rat e. Wi

th few ex ceptions, certif

ied fuel fl owmeters are used f

or t hi s purpose. Fuel fl owmeters are certif

ied usi ng test methods or, in s ome case s, design speci fi cations, that have been pub l i sh ed by con sensus sta

ndard s orga

ni za ti ons su ch as A SM E, AGA , an

d A PI. S ee se cti on 4 of thi s gui de f or fu rther d i scu ssi on.65 Table 15 : EPA

Refe renc

e Tes t Methods Used in P

art 75 Applic ations This EPA Ref

erence Method a ..... Or it s Allowa ble

Alternatives

b .... Is Used t

o ..... In these Par

t 75 Appl icati ons..... Method 1 Meth od 1A Locate

traverse points for flow ra te measu rement Flow monit or R ATAs

Method 2 Methods 2F, 2G, 2H and CTM-041 c Me asure

stack g as volumetric flow ra te Flow monit or R ATAs

Meth od 3A Meth

od s 3, 3B Meas ur e diluent

gas (O 2 or CO 2 ) concentr at ions RATAs of:

C NOx -diluent monitor ing syste ms
C CO 2 or O 2 monit or ing s ys tems
C Fl ow m on it or s d App en di x E te sts LME un it tests Method 4 Wet bulb-dr y bulb techn iq ue d Meas ur e the

moistur e content of stack g as RATAs of:

C Mo is tu r e monit or ing s ys tems
C Fl ow m on it or s d

C Ce rtai n gas m on it or s e Met ho d 6C Met hods 6 ,6 A,

6B Me asure SO 2 concentr at ion SO 2 monitor RAT As
Meth od 7E Met hods 7 , 7 A,

7C, and 7D Measure NO x

concentr at ion RATAs of NOx monitoring

sy st ems App en di x E te sts LME un it tests Meth od 20

- -------- Measure NO x and di lu en t g as con ce ntrations (gas turbin

es, only) App en di x E te sts LME un it tests66 Table 15 (cont’d)
This EPA Ref

erence Method a ..... Or it s Allowa ble

Alternatives

b .... Is Used t

o ..... In these Par t 75 Appl icati ons..... Onta rio Hydr o Method In strum en tal RM ap pr oved by the Administr at or f Measure Hg concentr at ion RATA s of Hg CEMS and so rbe nt trap monit or ing s ys tems

a. These reference methods are fo und in Appendices A-1 through A-7 in 40 CFR Part 60 b. Methods 3A, 6C and 7E are instr umental meth ods. Their allowable alterna tives are w

et-chemistry methods and a re s el dom, if

ev er, us ed b ec aus e t he re su lts o f the RA TA ( and he

nce , the qu ali ty-as su

red st atu s o f the CEM data) cann ot be

known until th e labo

ratory analyses

of the samples are completed. c. Met hods2F and 2 G co

rrect t he mea sure d f

low ratesfo r angular (no n-axial) flo

w. Met hod 2 H ( fo

r circular st ac ks ) and

co ndit io nal t es t me tho d CT M- 041 (f or rec tang ula r st ac ks and d

uc ts ) are us ed to co rrec t the measured flow

rates for velocity de

cay near th e stack w all, using a “wall eff ects adj ustment factor” (WAF). d. Mo lec

ular w eight (

MW) det erminatio ns are re quired

in all f low RA TAs. Meas

ureme nts o f d ilue nt gas concentration and stack gas moistu re co ntent are neede d to c alculate the MW. U se o f the w et b ulb-d ry b ulb techn ique is restr icted to these molecular weight determ ina tions. e. Whe

n the CEM S a nd refe rence met hod me asu re o n a di ff ere nt mo is ture b asi s, mo is ture

co rrec tio ns a re required. f. At t he pr esen t t im e, E PA i s deve lop in g a n i ns tr um en ta l r efer en ce me th od for Hg
7.8 What per

for mance specif ications m

ust be me

t for cer tificatio n? For a Part 75 CEMS, the perform ance spe cifi cations that m

ust be m et for in iti al ce r t ifica t io n a r e fo un d in se ct io n 3 o f Ap pe nd ix A. T he se sp ec ifica t io ns a r e s umma r ize d in T ab le 16

. T ab le 1 6 s ho ws t ha t fo rce r t ain t es t s, t he r e is an alt er na t ive pe r fo r man ce sp ec ifica t io n in add itio n t o t he pr incipal, o r main spe cificatio n. G ener ally speak ing, t he pu rp os e o f the alte rna t ive sp ec i f i ca ti ons i s to p rov i de

regulatory

rel i ef in c as es wh

ere the mai n s pe ci f i ca ti on m ay be too strin gent. For ex am

ple, f or a source wi

th low SO 2 em

i ssi ons, an SO 2 m onitor m ay h av e d i f f i cu l ty meet ing t he pr incipal relat ive acc ur acy st anda rd of 1 0. 0% , bu t might be able t o mee t t he alte rna t ive spe cificatio n, w hich is a mean differe nce o f 15 p pm o r less bet wee n t he CE MS a nd ref eren ce m ethod. Fo rfue l flo wme t er s, t he ba sic ac cu r ac y sp ec ifica t io n t ha t mus t be met is 2

. 0% o f t he fullsca le, o r “u ppe r r ange value” (U RV) of t he flow mete r. Fo r flow mete rs t hat ar e ca librat ed w ith a fl owing f lui d (e.g. , in a l

aborat ory), t hi s accuracy speci fi cation must be m

et at three po in

ts acro ss the normal

me asurem

ent range of the i

nstrume nt, i.e., coverin

g the actual ran

ge of f uel fl ow rat es that t he m

eter wil l b e used to measure. For fl owmeters that are certifi

ed by design (such

as orif ic e mete rs) , t he 2. 0% of U RV a ccu ra cy st anda rd is co nsider ed t o be met if t he pr imary element pas ses a vi sua l ins pecti on, an d eac h of the pressure, tem

peratur e an d di f f eren tia l pres sure transm itters is cal ib rated at 3 po in

ts or “level s” (l ow, mid and h igh ) across its norm

al m eas urem en t rang e, us ing N

IST-trace ab l e equ

i pm en t, and if :67

C The accuracy of each transmi tt er is 1.0 % of

f ul l -s ca l e (or l es s) at e ac h l

evel ; or
C I f, at a p ar t icu lar lev el, t he su m o f t he ac cu r ac ies o f t he t hr ee t r an smit t er s is

4.0% or l ess .
Table 16: Per

form ance Specifications for

Part 75 Cont inuo us Mo nit oring S ystems

For this cert if ica tion tes t..... On t

hi s type of m oni tor or monito ring syst em ..... The m

ain perform ance speci fi cat ion a is ..... The altern ate perf orma nce speci fi cat ion is ..... And t he co ndit ions

of th e al tern ate speci fi cat ion ar e..... 7-day cal ibr at ion error test SO 2or NO x ± 2. 5% of spa n va lu e, on ea ch of t h e 7 da ys * R - A * # 5 ppm Span value < 200 ppm Flow ± 3. 0% of spa n va lu e, on

ea ch of t h e 7 da ys * R - A *# 0.01"H 2 O Applies only to DPty pe f lo wmo nito

rs CO 2o r O 2 * R - A * # 0.5% CO 2o r O 2 ,

on ea ch of t h e 7 da ys ---------------- -------------- Hg CEMS ± 5. 0% of spa n va lu e, on

ea ch of t h e 7 da ys * R - A *# 1.0 : g/scm Span value equal to 10 : g/scm
Linearity check SO 2or NO x * R - A avg * # 5.0 % o f the ref erenc e gas

tag v alue , at each ca libr ati on ga s level * R - A avg * # 5 ppm The alternate spec ifi cat ion ma y be used at an y gas level CO 2o r O 2 * R

- A avg *# 5.0 % o f the ref erenc e gas

tag v alue , at each ca libr ati on ga s level * R - A avg *# 0.5% CO 2o r O 2 The alternate spec ifi cat ion ma y be used at an y gas level Hg CEMS * R

- A avg * # 10 .0% o f the ref erenc e gas

tag v alue , at each ca libr ati on ga s level * R - A avg * # 1.0 : g/scm The alternate spec ifi cat ion ma y be used at an y gas level68 Table 16 (cont’d)

For this cert if ica tion tes t..... On t

hi s type of m oni tor or monito ring syst em ..... The m

ain perform ance speci fi cat ion a is ..... The altern ate perf orma nce speci fi cat ion is. .... And t he co ndit ions

of th e al tern ate speci fi cat ion ar e..... Cycle time test All ga s

mo nito ring sy ste ms 15 mi nut es

----------- ----------- --------------- System integrity check Hg CEM S with

co nve rte rs * R - Aavg * # 5.0 % o f the

span value, at each calibr ati on ga s level ----------- ------------ ----------------
RA TA SO 2or NO x

con cen tr at ion 10. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg *# 15.0 ppm b RM avg # 250 ppm
NO x -dilu ent 10. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg *# 0.020lb /mmBtu RM avg # 0.200

lb/mmBt u Flow 10. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg *# 2.0 ft/ sec v avg # 10.0 ft/sec CO 2o r O 2 10. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg *# 1.0% CO 2o r O 2 ----------- Mois ture 10. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg * # 1.5% H 2 O -------- H g CE MS and so rbe nt trap mo nito ring sy ste ms 20. 0% RA * RM avg - C avg * # 1.0 : g/scm RM avg # 5.0 : g/scm

Flowmeter accuracy test Fu el

f lo w me te rs 2.0 % o f fu

ll- sc ale , i. e. , the upper ran ge value (

UR V) T, P and ) P t

rans mit te rs a re accur ate to 1. 0% at each of th ree levels, or ha ve a combined a cc ur a cy # 4.0% at any

level Alternate

specificat ion a ppli es only to orifice, noz zle and v ent uri me te rs

a Note that * R - A * is the

ab so lut e v alu e o f the dif fe rence b et w ee n the ref ere nce gas (o r si gnal ) v alu e a

nd the analy zer read

ing. * R - A avg * is the

ab so lut e v alu e o f the dif fe rence b et w ee n the ref ere nce gas co nce ntrat io n and the ave rage of the analyze

r response s, at a particular gas le ve l.
b Note that * RM avg - C avg * is the abs olu te d iff erenc e b etw

ee n the mea n refe rence metho d v alue

and the me an CEM S val ue from th e RATA. Th us, th e ar ith met ic di fferen ce between RM avg and C avg ca n b e e ithe r + o r - .50 Exc ep t f or H g CE MS . F or an Hg mo

nito r, the sp an v alu e i s det

erm ine d by ro unding the

MP C up w ard to the next high est multiple of 10 : g/s cm . In o

the r w ord s, the

MP C mu ltipli ca

tio n f ac to r is alway s 1 .00

and t he Hg span value is alway s a multiple of 10 : g/sc m. 69 7.9 Wha

t is meant by

the “span va

lue ”, and w hy is it impor tant ? The “span v alue” i s an i

mportant concept in

Part 75, for several reasons:

C It pro vi

des a bas is

for sel ectin g the ful l-sc ale m easurem ent range of a c ontinuous m oni tor;
C It is

use d to def

ine the u psc al e ca l i bra tion gas es (or c al

i bra tion si gna l s) tha t are used f or dail y c al ib rations, l in earity checks, an

d sy stem i ntegrity checks of

Hg moni to rs;
C The pri

nci pal perf orman ce speci fi cati ons f or dail y cal i bration error chec

ks of SO 2 , NO x , H g, and flo w monit or s ar e exp re ssed as a per cent age of t he sp an value ; and
C T he pe r fo r man ce sp ec ifica t io n fo rsys t em int eg r it y che ck s o f Hg mo nit o r s is ex pres sed as a perce ntag e of the span va l ue. The span val ue i s a reasonable

estim ate, o r “educated guess” of how la rge an an al

yz er scal e (i.e., range) i s needed to accurately record t he em

is si ons or fl

ow rat e data at a part ic

ula r m oni tored locati on. For each

param eter m oni tored (e.g., SO 2 , NO x , Hg, flow), Pa rt 7 5 requires a high spa n value a nd a c or re spo nding full-sc ale measu re ment r ange t o be defined in t he monit or ing pl an . For ga ses , the h

i gh s pan va l ue i s b ase d on the m

axim um potential conc en tration , or MPC. For f l ow, the span

va l ue i s b ase d on the m

axim um potential f l ow rate, or MPF
. Th es e m ax im um pote nti al va l ue s c an be de term ined i n a nu m be r of di f f ere nt w ay s. F

or inst an ce , de pe nd ing o n w hic h g as is be ing mo nit o r ed , t he MP C ma y eit he rbe a “ ge ne r ic” de fau lt val ue prescribed i

n Part 75 , or it may

be based on hi sto rical

fuel sampl in g data, emission test r es ult s, o rhist o r ica l CE M d at a. T he MP F ma y eit he rbe es t imat ed us ing E qu at io n A- 1a o rA- 1b in Appen dix A of Part 75, or may

be deri ved f rom m easurem ents of stack gas v

el ocity a t maxi mum load. Once t he MP C o r MP F has be en de t er mined, t he high sp an value is set by multiplyi ng t he MP C o rMP F by a fac t o ro f 1. 00 t o 1. 25 , an d r o un din g o ff t he r es ult ap pr o pr iat ely 50 . T hus, t he span v al ue m ay ei ther be set equal

to or sli ghtly hi gher than the m

axi mum pot entia l val ue. Af ter det er mini ng t he sp an value , t he full-sca le rang e o f the monit or must be se t . P ar t 75 r equ ires t he range to be greater t han

or equal to t he span

val ue. However, note t hat when setting the ran

ge, the gui de l ine s i n s ec ti on 2 .1 of

A ppe nd ix A sh oul d b e ta ke n i nto a cc oun t, to avoi d s etti

ng it too high. Ac co rd ing t o s ect ion 2 .1 , t he r ange sho uld ( wit h cer t ain exce pt ions, des cr ibed belo w) be sel ected to en sure

that the maj ority of th e data f al l be tween 20% an d 80% of f ul l -sca l e. Fo r many Pa rt 75 u nits, t he us e o f high span va lues a nd full-sc ale ra nges der ived fro m the51 For Hg monitors, a second ran ge is needed only if the high ran ge value is > 20 : g/s cm and i f the expected em ission levels with th e emissi on cont rols i n pr oper oper ati on ar e < 20% o f that v alue . Fo r so me units , an SO 2scrubber produces a co-benefit of signi ficantly reducin g Hg emissions.
52 Except fo

r Hg CEMS. For an Hg monitor, the low span value is alway s set to 10 : g/sc m. 70 max im um pote nti al va l ue s i s s uf f i ci en t to en su re th at d ata are ac curate l y rec orde d. H owe ve

r, f or uni ts wi th add-on SO 2 , NO x , or H g e m i ss i on con trol s, or f or u n its th

at b ur n m ul ti pl e f ue l s w ith di stin ctly diff erent SO 2 or NO xem

is si on rates, it may

be n ecessary to defi ne a sec ond, low span val ue and a l ow range. A l

ow span and ran

ge will be requi red if the em is si on le vel s are expected to be consistently

bel ow 20% o f the h

igh range 51 when t he ad d- on e mission co nt ro ls are op er at ing properly , or when the lowest-emi tt in g fuel is burned. If a s ec on d s pa

n an d r an ge are req ui re d, t h e l ow spa n v al ue i s s et i n a s im il ar man n er to the hi gh span val ue. The onl

y di ff erence i s that the low span is based on the m

axi mum expected co nce nt ra t io n ( ME C) , r at her t han t he M PC . T he M EC is t he h ighe st t hat t he c o nce nt ra t io n o f t he pol l uta n t i s e xpe cte d to be w h en

th e a dd -on con trol s a re in n orm al ope ra ti on or w h en th e l owe stem i tti n g f ue l i s c om b us ted . Th

ere a re a n um b er of wa y s to deter

m in e th e MEC . F or u n its with ad d-on emi ssion contro ls, i

t may b e based on the expected effi cien cy of the contro ls. Emi

ssion test da ta, h i sto ri ca l CEM d ata , or a

n em i ss i on l im it in th e op er ati

n g p er m it m ay also b e u se d to det er mine the M EC . O nce t he ME C has be en es t ablished, t he low spa n value is c alculat ed by mult iplying t he ME C b y a fa ct o ro f 1. 00 t o 1. 25 an d r o un din g o ff t he r es ult ap pr o pr iat ely 52

. Then, the l

ow range i s se

t greater th an

or equal to the low spa

n v al ue. Note that for uni

ts wi th dual SO 2 or NO xspans , Part 75 allows a “ defaul t high range value” t o be re po rt ed w hen t he emissions go off t he low sca le, a s an a lter nat ive to maintaining and ca l i brati ng a h i gh m oni tor ra ng e. B ut the d ef

au l t hi gh ran ge va l ue i s a ve ry hi gh nu m be r (2 00% of t he MP C) a nd gr os sly over st at es t he emissions . T her efo re , t his op t ion is pr oba bly not a go od one ex ce pt f or s ource s wh ose

em i ss i on s r arel

y , i f ev er , e x ce ed

th e f ul l -s ca l e of th e l ow r an ge . N ote al so that f or du al -s pa n u ni ts th ere are exce pti ons to the “ 20- to-80 % of

ran ge ” g ui de l ine in s ec ti on 2. 1 o f Append ix A. Fo r inst ance , p ro vided t hat t he low spa n and r ange have be en se t acc or ding t o t he r ule , t he lo w r an ge is e xe mpt ed fr o m t his g uid eline

. And if t he ad d- o n e miss io n c o nt r o ls are ope rated y ear-roun d, the hi gh ran ge i s si

m il arl y ex em pted. An unus ual feat ur e o f Par t 75 is t hat for flow mo nito rs, t her e is o nly one meas ur ement range, but there are two span val ues— the “c al

ib ration span

val ue” and the “

fl ow rat e span val ue”. These two span va

lue s are both derived f

rom the MPF an

d are actuall

y equivalent, but almo st inva r iab ly t he y ar e e xp r es se d in diffe r en t un it s o f mea su r e. T he ca libr at io n sp an va lue is the one used f

or dail y c al ib rations of the f

low m onitor. Often i

t is ex pressed i n uni ts such as inc he s of water (i n. H 2 O) or

thou sa nd s of sta nd ard cubi c f eet per m inu te (k sc f m ), d ep en di ng on the type of f

low m onitor. The fl

ow rat e span val

ue i s al way s i n uni ts of standard cubi

c fee t per hour (scfh

), whi ch are the un

its of m easure prescri

bed by Part 75 f

or repo rting h

ourly stack gas f l ow rates.71

Once the spa

n va lue s f or all of the requi

red continuous m

onitors have been

establ ished, these val ues are used f

or dail y c al ib ration asses sm

ents, Hg moni

to r sy stem i

ntegrity checks, an

d l inea rity che cks, asfol

l ows:

C Fo r t he da ily

calibrat ions o f gas mo nito rs, zer o a nd up sca le gas es a re use d. The zero ga s m

ust b e 0 to 20% of

the span va l ue, an d the upsc al e gas may be ei ther a mi d le vel gas (def in ed as 50 to 60% o f the span v al ue) or a high

le vel gas (80 to100% of

the span va l ue).

C For

the da i l y ca l i brati ons of f l ow m oni tors, a z ero c al

i brati on s i gn al (0 to 2 0% of t he ca librat ion sp an value ) a nd an u psc ale ca librat ion signa l (50 t o 7 0% of t he cal i bra tion spa n v al ue) ar e us ed.

C For weekly

sy stem i ntegrity checks of

Hg CEMS, a mi

d-lev el or high-lev

el calibrat ion st anda rd , w ith a c onc ent ra t ion o f 50 t o 6 0% or 80 t o 1 00% of t he span v al ue, is requi

red.

C For li

neari ty ch ecks of gas

moni to rs and 3-l

evel sy stem i ntegrity checks of

Hg CEMS , cal

i bra tion i s req ui red at th ree di f f eren t gas l ev el s (l ow, m i d, an d hi gh) , usi ng cal ib ration standards wi

th concentrations of

20 to 30%, 50 to 60%, and 80 to 100% of

the span va l ue, res pecti vel y .

C The pri

n ci pa l pe rf orm an ce sp ec i f i ca ti on f or c er tai n da il y ca l i b ra ti on er ror tes ts are ex pressed as a p ercen

tage of the

span val ue. For an

SO 2 , NO x, or Hg moni to r, t he performance speci fi cation is + 5.0 % of

the sp an va l ue , an d f or a f l ow moni to r, it is + 6. 0% of t he ca librat ion sp an value ; and

C Th e p erf

orm an ce sp ec i f i ca ti on f or s ing l e- a

nd 3-l evel sy stem inte gri ty ch ec ks of Hg moni to rs is 5.0% of the span v al

ue. Fi nal ly , Part 75 requires periodic eval uations (at least once a year) of the MPC, MEC, sp an an d r an ge v al ue s. Thes e ev al

ua ti on s a re don e b y re v i ew in g th

e em i ss i on s a n d f l ow r ate da ta f rom th e p re v i ousf

our qu ar ter s. If an y of th e MPC , M EC , s pa

n an d/ or ra n ge v al ue s a re f oun d to be impr o pe r ly se t , t he ne ce ss ar y ad jus t men t s mu st be mad e w it hin 4 5 d ays ( o rwit hin 9 0 d ays if new cal ib ration gases m

ust be ordered) after the end of the quarter in whi ch thi s i s di scovered.53 The Po licy Manual is

loc ated at: http: //w ww .epa. gov /airmarkets

/monito ring/po lman/index .html
72 7.10 Recer

tificatio n and Diagnostic Tes ting Wheneve r a re place ment, mod ifi cat ion, or ot her chang e is made t o a monit or ing sys tem that may af

fect the abil

ity of the system to accurat ely

measure em

issi ons, t he sy stem m

ust be recertif

ied. Al so, changes to the fl ue gas han

dli ng sy stem or ma

nne r of uni t o peration that af f ect the f l ow prof i le or the c once

ntrati on prof il e i n th e stack m ay trig ger re certi

f i cation. Exam ple s of si tuations that require recertif ic ation of Part 75 m

onitorin g sy stems i

ncl ude:

C Repl

acem en t of an an al y zer.
C Repl

acem ent of a n en tire C EMS.
C Chang e in loca t ion o r o rient at ion o f a sampling pr obe
C Fuel

f l ow m ete r re pl ac em en t.
C Exceedan

ce of Part 75 Appendi

x E operating param

eters for more than 16 cons ecuti ve operati ng h ours The requi remen ts for recertifi

cation are b asi

cal ly the sam e as those shown i

n Fi gure 3, ab ove , f or i ni ti al ce rti f i ca ti on. A rec erti f i ca ti on a ppl i ca ti on m us t be su bm itted withi

n 4 5 da y s of com pl eti n g th e req ui re d te sts an d a 12 0- da y pe ri od i s a ll otted f or th e regul ator y ag en ci esto revi ew the appl

ic ation. However, note that for recert if ic ations, an

in iti al moni to rin g pla n subm ittal i s not r equired, and the t est not if ication requirem

ents are slightly

dif ferent from those f or in i tia l certi f i cation. No t all change s made t o a cer t ifi ed mo nito ring syst em req uire re cer t ifi cat ion. In many ca se s, on l y di ag n ost i c te sti n g i s r eq ui re d to e n su re th at th e s y ste m con tinue s to pr ov i de

ac cu ra te da ta. N ote a

l so that i n s om e i nstan ce s EP A req ui res l es s than a f ul l ba ttery of tes ts f or recertif ic ation. For a more thorough discus si on of recertif ic ation an d dia gnostic testin

g, see §75 .2 0( b) a nd Qu est ions 1 3. 21 a nd 16 .1 4 t hro ugh 1 6. 16 in E PA’s “P ar t 75 E missions Mo nito ring Po licy M an ua l” 53

.73 

### 8.0 QUALITY ASS URANCE an d QUALITY CONTROL (QA/QC) PROCEDURES

8.1 Does P

art 75 requi re periodic

quality QA

/QC testing a

fter a monitor

ing sys tem is certified ? I

f so, where

are these test r

equirements f

ound ? Foll owing i ni tial certif ic ation, al l Part 75 m

onitorin g sy stems a

re required to undergo peri odi c qua l ity-a ssu rance tes tin

g, to ens ure th at they

conti nue to provi de ac curate

data.

C For CEM S, the Q A tes t requi

rem en ts are f ound i n either:

< A pp en di xB of Pa rt 7 5 a n d § 75 .21 , f

or s ource s th

at r ep ort em i ss i on s d ata y ea r-rou nd ; or

< Section 75.74(c), for NO xBu dge t Prog ram or CA IR O zon e Se as on Tr ading P ro gr am so ur ces t hat re po rt emissions d at a o nly during t he o zo ne se as o n, fr o m Ma y 1 st

through September 30 th ;

C Fo rso r be nt t r ap mo nit o r ing sys t ems , t he QA r eq uir eme nt s a r e fo un d in Append ices B and K o f Part 75;

C Fo rAp pe nd ix D fue l flo wme t er sys t ems , t he o n- go ing QA t es t r eq uir eme nt s a r e in section 2.1.6 of A

ppendi x D; a nd

C For Appendi

x E NO xco r r ela t io n c ur ve sys t ems , t he QA r eq uir eme nt s a r e fo un d in sec tion s 2.2 a

nd 2 .3 of Appen di x E. 8.2 What ar

e the on-going Q A test r equir ements in Par t 75 for units r epor ting emis sions data year-round? Ye ar - r o un d r ep o r t ing o f emis sio ns d at a is r eq uir ed fo rall Ac id R ain Pr o gr am u nit s, all CAIR SO 2 Tradin

g Program uni

ts, and for certain

NO xBudget Pro gram an d CAIR NO xTr ading Program uni ts (se e Sec tion

8.5, b el ow). For CE

MS, the on-g oin

g QA test requi rem en ts f or y earr o un d r ep o r t er s a r e s umma r ize d in T ab le 1 7. T ab le 1 7 s ho ws t ha t r o ut ine QA t es t ing o f CE MS is required at four basi

c frequenci

es:

C Da ily;
C We ek ly;
C Qua rt er ly; and
C Se miann ua l o rAnn ua l. Cal i bra tion error ch ecks of a ll m oni tors an d i nterf eren ce c he cks of f

l ow m oni tors are required dai

ly . For Hg CEMS with converters, system in tegrity ch ecks are requi

red weekl y. Gas m oni tor li ne ari ty c he cks , f l ow-to-load

rati o tests, an

d l eak c he cks (f or DP-ty pe f l ow m oni tors) are req ui red qua rter l y . RA TA s a re r eq ui red ei the r s em i an nu al l y or an nu al l y , de pe nd ing on th e ty pe of74

m oni tor and/ or the re sul

ts of th e tests(see

Secti on 8.6, b el ow). Fo rAp pe nd ix D fue l flo wme t er s, t he ba sic fr eq ue nc y fo rt he r eq uir ed ac cu r ac y t es t s is ann ual . For Appendi

x E sy stems, NO xem

is si on testing i s requi

red once every

fi ve y ears, in order to devel op ne w correl

ati on cu rve s. Tab l e 18 s um

mari zesthe on -goi

ng Q A requi rem en ts f or sorbe nt trap m oni torin g sy stem s. Tabl e 17: O n-Going

QA Test Re quir

eme nts for Ye ar- Rou nd Rep ort ers Per for m this type of QA test.... On these continuous

moni tor ing s yste ms .... At this

fr equency.... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons.... Calibr ation er ror test Gas and f lo wmo nito

rs Da i l y C Cal ib rati ons are no t re qui red w hen t he unit is no t in op eratio

n. Int erferen ce check Fl ow mo nito rs Da i l y C Check is not required when the unit is not in o peratio n. System in tegr ity check (single -lev

el) H g CE

MS w ith c onv

ert ers Wee

kly a C No

t re qui red if dai ly ca lib rati ons are don e wit h a NIS T- tr acea ble sou rc e of oxi di zed Hg Lin eari ty check Gas mo nito rs Quarterly C Re qui red o nly in “ QA o pe rati ng quar ters” b and on ly o

n th e ran ge(s) used durin g the qua rter ---but no less than once a y ear
C 168 oper at in g h our gr ace p er iod availab le
C Not requir ed if SO 2or NO x span i s < 30 ppm
C Fo r Hg mo nitors, y ou may

perf orm a 3-l ev el sy stem inte grit y che ck us ing oxidize d Hg standards, in lieu of this test System in tegr ity check (3-le ve l) H g CE

MS w ith c onv

ert ers Quarterly C Fo r Hg mo nitors, y ou may

perf orm a li ne ar it y check usi ng elem en ta l Hg stan dard s, in l ieu of this test Flow- to- loa d r at io or gross heat rat e test Fl ow mo nito rs Quarterly C Re qui red o nly in “ QA o pe rati ng quar ters”
C Non loa d-based un its a re exem pted
C Com pl ex con fig ur at ion s ma y be exempted b

y petition under §75.66 Leak ch eck Diff erential pr essure-ty

pe fl ow mo nito rs Quarterly C Re qui red o nly in Q A o pe rati ng qua rte rs
C 168 oper at in g h our gr ace p er iod availab le75 Table 17 (cont’d) Per for m this type of QA test.... On these continuous

moni tor ing s yste ms .... At this

fr equency.... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons.... RATA and Bias test Gas and f lo wmo nito

rs (Bias test appli es to SO 2 , NO x , H g, a nd f lo wmo nito

ring sys t em s, on l y) Sem ia nn ua l or Annual c C Not requir ed for SO 2mo nito rs i f the unit exclusively

burns very

low sulfur fuel , o r b urns highe

r-s ulf ur f uel f or < 480 ho urs pe r y ear

C 720 oper at in g h our gr ace p er iod availab le

C Fo r Hg mo nitoring s y ste

ms, the RA TA fre quency is alw ay s annual Flowmeter Accuracy test Fue l fl ow mete r sy ste ms Once ev

ery f our “fuel flowmeter QA o pe rati ng quar ters” d C Th e opt ion al “fuel flow-t o-l oad ra ti o” or

“gross heat rate” test in Appendix D, sect io n 2.1 .7 m ay

b e u sed to

ex te nd the in terva l between flowmeter accur acy te st s to up to

20qu arte

rs Primary ele ment v isual in spec ti on Orific e, nozzle , and venturity pe f uel f lo w me te rs t hat a re certified b

y design On ce ev er y 3

years (12 c alendar quar ters) C Th e opt ion al fuel flow-t o-l oad ra ti o or

grossheat rate tes t may

be used to exte nd the inte

rval b etw ee n vis ual ins pe ct io ns to up to

20qu arte

rs NO x emiss ion rate te st ing Appe ndix E sy ste ms On ce ev er y 5

years (20 c alendar quar ters) -----------

a “Weekly

” mean s once eve

ry 168 unit operatin g hours b Th at is, a qu ar ter wit h a t l eas t 1 68 h our s of un it oper at ion

c Depend in g on th e % rel ati ve accura cy o btain ed in th e previous t est, t he n ext RATA i s requ ir ed eith er “semia nn uall y” (withi n 2 QA operat in g qua rt ers) or “ann uall y” (withi n 4 QA operat in g qua rt ers), not t o exceed 8 calenda r qua rter s betwe en successive tests.

d Tha t is, a qu art er in which th e fuel measured by the flow meter is combusted for at least 16 8 hours.76 Table 18. Quality Assur ance/Quality Control Cr iteria for Sorbent Trap Mo nit oring S ystems QA/ QC T est or Specification Acceptanc e Cr iteri a Frequency Consequences if Not Met Pre-t est leak check # 4% of target sampling rate Prior to sam pli ng Samp lin g sha ll n ot commen ce

unt il th e leak ch eck is pas sed Post-test leak ch eck # 4% of ave rage sampling rate Af

te r sa mpl ing Samp le

in valid ated a Rat io of st ack ga s flow ra te t o sam pl e flow rate Ma in ta in wit hi n ± 25% of in it ia l r at io fr om fi rs t h our of da ta coll ecti on p er iod Every hour throughout data coll ecti on p er iod Ca se-by-c ase eval ua ti on

So rbe nt tra p s ec tio n 2 breakthrough # 5% of Section 1 Hg mass Every sample Sample

in valid ated a Paired so rbe nt trap agre ement # 10% Rela ti ve Devi at ion

(RD) Every sample Sample

in valid ated a Spike reco

very study Averag e recovery between

85% and 1 15% f

or each o f the 3 spike concentration lev

els Prior to analyzing f

ield sam ple s a nd pr ior to us e of new so rbe nt media Fie ld sam pl es sh al l n ot be

anal y ze d u ntil

the pe rce nt recovery crit eria ha s been met

Mu ltipoint an al yzer cal ibr at ion Eac h anal y ze r rea ding w ithi n ± 10% of tr ue value and r 2 $ 0.99 On th e da y of anal y si s, be

fo re anal yzingany samp les Rec alibrate until successf ul

An al ysis of inde pendent ca lib rati on st anda

rd Within ± 10% of

true value Follo

wing daily cal ibr at ion , p ri or to anal y zing field sam ples Recalib rate and re

peat independent s tandard analysis until successf

ul Spik e recov ery fro m sect io n 3 of so

rbe nt trap 75- 125 % o f sp ike amo unt Every

sample Sample

in valid ated a RA TA R A # 20.0% or Mean differen ce # 1.0 : g/d scm f

or lo wem

itt ers Fo

r initial ce rtif ic ati on and annually th ereafter Data f rom the sy stem are invalidated u

ntil a RATA is passed

Dry gas m eter ca lib rati on (At 3 orifice

settings init ial ly , and 1 s et ting the rea ft er) Cal ib

rati on fa ct or (Y ) w ithi n ± 5% of aver ag e val ue fr om the initial (3-point) cal ibr at ion Prior to initi al use and at least quarterly th ereafter Recalibr ate th e meter at th ree

orifice sett in gs to deter min e a ne w val ue of Y

Tem per at ur e sen sor cal ibr at ion Ab so lut e t em pe ratu re me asu red b y se nso r w ithi n ± 1. 5% of a r efer en ce sen sor Prior to initi al use and at least quarterly th ereafter Recal ibr at e. S en sor ma y not be

used until specific ation is me t.77 Table 18 (cont’d) QA/ QC T est or Specification Acceptanc e Cr iteri a Frequency Consequences if Not Met Bar omet er cal ibr at ion Absolute pr essure m easur ed by instrum ent within ± 10 mm H g of reading

w ith a mer cury barom eter Prior to initi al use and at least quarterly th ereafter Recal ibr at e. I ns tr um en t m ay n ot

be used unt il speci ficati on is m et

a And data from th e pair of sorbent tr aps a re al so inval idat ed
8.3 Are there any exceptions t o these basic QA test requirements ? Yes. Table 17 in

dicates that t here are some exceptions to the basic QA test requiremen

ts and f requenci es f or year-round report ers. For in stance:

C Li nea rity che cks are

not requi red f or SO 2 or NO xmoni

to rs wi th span v al

ues of 30 ppm or less;
C For calen

dar quarters in wh

ic h the un it operates for les s than 168 h ours, li mi ted ex em pti ons f rom l ine ari ty c he cks an d l

im ited ex tens i ons of

RA TA d eadl ine s are avai la bl e;
C RATA s of SO 2 moni to rs are not required if

the unit excl

usiv ely combusts “ ve

ry low sul fur f uel ” (a s def

in ed in §7 2.2 ) or l

im its c om b us ti on of h i gh er -s ul f ur f ue l to # 480 h ours pe r y ear;
C For calen

dar quarters in wh

ic h a particul

ar fuel is comb usted for les s than 168 h our s, l im ited ex ten si on s of f ue l f l owm ete r acc ur ac y

tes t de ad l in esare a v ai l abl e to Appe ndix D unit s; and
C Fo rca len da rqu ar t er s in w hic h t he o pt io na l fue l flo w- t o - lo ad r at io t es t is performed and pass ed, li

mi ted extensi

ons of f uel fl owmeter accuracy

test deadli

nes are avail abl e to Appendi

x D uni ts. The low- spa n linearit y check exempt ion d esc ribed in the firs t bullet ed it em abo ve and t he SO 2 RATA

exem ption descri

bed i n the thi rd bul le ted item a re perman ent exem ptions, as l

ong as t he co ndit ions c ont inue t o be met. Ho weve r, t he t est ext ensio ns and exempt ions d esc ribed in the sec ond, f ourth an d f i f th bul l eted i tem s ab ove a

re condi tion al an d ha ve def ini te l im its, i .e., n o more t han 3 c ons ecu t ive linearit y check exempt ions may be c laimed, a RATA d ead line may not be extended beyond 8 cal

endar quart ers from the quart er of the last te st, and t he accuracy test deadl in e for a f uel fl owmeter may

not be extended bey ond 5 ye ars (20 quarters) from the quarter of th e p re v i oustes t. EPA al so rec ogn

i ze s that c i

rcum sta nc es be y ond the con trol of the sou rce own er or o pe r at o r , su ch as a fo r ce d u nit o ut ag e, may p r ev en t a line ar it y che ck o rRAT A fr o m be ing do ne in the cal endar quarter in

whi ch i t is due. To provide regul ator y rel ie f i n these i nstances , Part 7554 Fo r new unit s, pro

je ct io ns o f the anti cipat ed manne r o f unit o pe rati on may

b e u sed to

define t he nor ma l l oad level , a nd th en an y neces sar y adju stm en ts ca n be ma de ba sed on th e act ua l u ni t op er at ion

55 The advantage o

f d esi gnating two no

rmal loa ds is that gas monito

r RATA s may

be do ne at e ither lo ad level. T he “down si de” is t ha t for flow RATAs, a bias test must be taken at both nor mal load levels, which increas es the chancesthat a b ias ad jus tment f

acto r (BA F) w ill hav e to

be applie d to the f low rate da ta. 78 al l ows the test to be don

e i n a grace peri od, im m ediatel y f oll owing th e en d of that qua rter. For a linea r it y che ck , t he gr ac e p er io d is 16 8 u nit o pe r at ing ho ur s, an d fo ra R AT A it is 7 20 un it operating hours. Provided tha t t he m is sed QA test i s perform

ed and pass ed on the fi

rst att em pt withi n the grace peri

od, no loss of em

is si ons data wil

l b e i ncurred by

the aff ected source. 8.4 Are there any special conside rations when p erform ing th ese basic QA test s ? Yes , t her e ar e a nu mber o f things must be t ake n into co nsider at ion whe n per for ming the QA t es t s, t o en su r e t ha t t he y ar e d o ne pr o pe r ly:

C Daily calibrat ion er ro r t est s, int er fere nce c heck s, a nd linear ity chec ks mus t be do ne whi le the uni t is on-l in e (i.e., comb

ustin g fuel ). The only

excepti on to this

is that off -l ine cal i bra tion error tests m

ay be use d to val

i date up to 26 cons ecuti

ve hours o f emis sio ns d at a, if t he o ff- line c alibr at io n e r r o rde mo nst r at io n d es cr ibe d in section 2.1.5 of A

ppendi x B has been

performed and pass ed.

C Al l R ATAs of gas m onitors mus t be done at normal load, whi le comb ustin g a fuel t ha t is no r mal fo rt he un it

. Fo rt he RAT A o f an Hg mo nit o r ing sys t em, t he un it must be burni

ng coal. Normal l

oad is defi

ned i n the moni

to ring pl an as the most frequen tly -used l oad level

(low, mi d, or high). To determi

ne the n ormal load:

< First , t he unit ’s r ange of o per at ion is de fined. I t ext ends fro m the “m in im um s afe, stab le

load” to the “m

axi mum sustain abl e l oad”

. < Sec ond , t he o per at ing ra nge is d ivided int o t hre e loa d band s, o r levels. The

first 30% of t he r ange is defined a s low load , t he next 30% is mi d lo ad, and the re mai nde r of th e ran ge i s h i gh l oad.

< Thi

rd, at l eas t four q

uartersof re

pres en tativ e h i stori cal l oad data a

re anal yz ed 54 , to determ

ine wh i ch l oad l ev el s are use d the m ost fr eque ntl y . The l oad level used m ost frequently

mus t be designated as the norm al load. The load lev

el that is used second m

ost frequently

may be designated as a second norm

al load l evel 55

.

C For fl

ow moni to rs install

ed on peaki

ng uni ts and by pass stacks, onl

y s in gle -load RATA s are requi

red.56 See section 8 .6 of th is gui de.
57 If it ca n be demo nstrated to t he sat isf actio n of the pe rmitting autho

rity that the proc ess

op erate s only

at one or two

distinct points, the r equirement to perform 3-lev el, or perhaps even 2-lev el flo w R ATAs may b

e waiv ed. 79 C For all other fl

ow monitors:

< T he an nu al R AT As mu st be do ne at t he 2 mo st fr eq ue nt ly-u se d lo ad lev els or (at the s ource’ s di scre

tion ) at al l 3 loads, unl

ess

< Th e u ni

t ha s op era

ted at on e l oad l evel (l ow, m i d or h i gh) f or > 85% of t he tim e si nce the l ast annual fl ow RATA, i

n wh ic h case a si ngl e-load test at norm al l oad m ay be perf ormed.

< A 3 -l oad RA

TA is req ui red at l eas t once e

ve ry 5 cal en dar y ears

C If a se

mi ann ual RATA frequen cy 56 is obt ained, an ad dit ional RAT A must be do ne in -between the an

nual RATA s. For a fl

ow moni to r, this “extra” RATA

ma y b e a si ngl e-load test at normal

load.

C Fo r u nits t hat do not pr od uce elect rical o r st eam loa d, suc h as c ement kilns, and ref ine ry proc es s h

ea ters , th e R

A TA req ui rem en ts a re b as i ca ll y the sa m e a s f or load-bas ed uni

ts, except that t he terms

“l evel ” and “ operating l

evel ” appl y i nstead of the term s “ l oad ” a nd “ l oad l evel ”. A l so, i t i s p oss i bl e, w ith a prop er j us ti f

i ca ti on in the moni to rin g pla n 57 , for a non l

oad-based uni

t t o be partly

or ful ly exem pted from performi

ng m ulti-l evel fl ow RATAs.

C The quart erly

“f low-to -load rat io test ” is n ot actually

a test at all. Rather it is a dat a ana lysi s, w hich, in mos t cas es, is per for med au t omat ically by the D AHS. The purp ose of th e te st is to en su

re th at f l ow m onitors con

tinue to prov i de

ac cu ra te data i n-b etween

RATA s. The “

test” is perf ormed a s f

oll ows:

< The

hourl y rati o of the

stack gas f l ow rate to uni

t load i s ca l cul ated f or a segm ent of the quarterly

fl ow rat e data (i.e., those hours where the l oad wa s w ithi n 1 0% of the avera ge l oad dur ing the l as t nor mal l oad f l ow RA TA). < These h

ourly ratios are then com

pared agai

nst a “ref erence” f low-to-load ra t io, which is t he r at io o f the aver age re fere nce met hod flow r at e t o t he aver age unit load fro m the las t nor mal-loa d RAT A. < Al ternativel y, the data an al

ys is ma y b e done on the bas is

of the “gross h

eat58 The gross heat rate approac

h includes the diluent gas ( CO 2o r O 2 ) co ncentration in the equatio n. This alter nat ive is most useful fo r common sta ck configurat ions.

80 rate” 58 (GHR), which i s the ratio of hea t input rate to uni

t load), rat her than us ing the f l ow-to- l oad

rati o. 8.5 What are the o n-goin g QA test requi rements for ozone season-o nly reporters ? If a un it i s i n the NO xBu dg et Tra di

n g P rog ra m b ut i s n ot an A ci d R ai n Pro gr am un it, emis sio ns d at a ma y be r ep o r t ed o n a n o zo ne se as o n- o nly ba sis r at he rt ha n yea r - r o un d, if t his is allo we d b y t he St at e r eg ula t io n. Oz o ne se as o n- o nly r ep o r t ing is a lso allo we d fo run it s t ha t ar e in the C AIR Ozone Sea son Tradi

ng P rogram an d are n ot ot he rwi se requi

red to report y

ear-roun d. If ozone season-onl

y reportin g is permi tt ed and thi s option i s sel

ected, t he qual

ity assuranc e procedu res unde r §75.7 4 (c) i

n Su bpa rt H of P art 75 m

ust b e m et. The se procedur

es requi re some pre-ozone season qual ity assuranc e testing between October 1 and Apri l 30, an d ot her QA t es t ing ins id e t he o zo ne se as o n ( Ma y 1 st through September 30 th ). T he QA t es t r eq uir eme nt s fo ro zo ne se as o n- o nly r ep o r t ing ar e c o nsid er ab ly diffe r en t fr o m, and qui te a bi t more compl

ex than , the requirem

ents f or year-round report ers. For exam ple :

C The

requi red pre -sea son l

ine ari ty c he ck of a gas m oni tor ma y be done in A pri l (2 nd quarter ). Howev er, i f the uni t operates f

or > 168 hours in

May and Jun e, an ad dit io na l 2 nd quarter li

neari ty ch eck i s requi

red;

C The “wi

ndow” of data val

ida tion f or a RATA ex

tends onl y f or 2 calendar

quarter s (for sem ia nnua l f requency ) or 4 calendar

qua rt er s (fo r a nnual fre que ncy). The
“ QA ope ra tin g q ua rter” con ce pt ( se e T abl e 1 7) may

n ot b e u se d to extend

RA TA deadli nes;

C Daily calibrat ions mus t be pe rfo rmed fro m the d at e and hou r o f any pre -o zo ne season l in earity check or RATA

, through April

30 th ;

C If a R A TA wa s p er f orm ed in si de th e oz on e s ea son , the te st m ay b e u se d to v al i da te d ata in th e n ex t ozo n e s ea son , but on

l y i f th es e c on di

ti on s a re m et:

< The dat a validat ion wind ow fro m the R ATA ext ends into t he next oz one season; and < The monit or ing syst em is maintained and o per at ed, and d aily cali bra t ions are perf orm ed , th roug hou t the en ti re p re- ozon e s ea son period f rom Octobe r 1 st of the current year through Apri l 30 th of the nex

t year59 Except for RATAs of Hg CEMS a nd sor bent t ra p mon itor in g systems, wh ich a re on ly requir ed

annually 81 T he se ar e b ut a fe w o f t he QA pr o visio ns in §7 5. 74 ( c)

. Fo ra c o mple t e lis t ing , se e T ab le II I- A in Append ix III of t his guide . I n view o f this, so ur ces t hat qua lif y to use t he o zo ne se aso nonly report in g opt ion should c areful

ly wei gh the percei

ved b enef its of this option, such as reduc ed re po rt ing re quir ement s and less r equ ired maintena nce o f CEMS dur ing t he o ff-sea so n, a gainst t he pot entia l i nva li dation of em

is si ons data (and consequen t loss of NO xallo wa nc es ) t ha t co uld r es ult f rom a m i sun ders tand ing or m i sappl i cati on of the rule requ

i rem en ts. 8.6 What per

for mance specif ications m

ust be me

t for the routine QA tes ts re quired by Part 75 ? The perf ormance speci fi cations f or t he routine Part 75 QA tests are bas ic al ly the sam e as for i ni tial certif ic ation (see Tab le

16 in Section 7 of thi s guide). There are, however, a fe w notable exceptions:

C For dai

l y cal i bration error tests of SO 2 , NO x , CO 2 , O 2 , a nd flow monit or s, t he calibrat ion er ro r ( C. E. ) sp ecificat ions a re t wice a s wide as t he C. E. ’s allow ed in t he 7-day cal i bration error test for i

ni tial certi fi cati on. For ex am

ple, whe n an SO 2 m oni tor i s c erti

f i ed , th e m ax im um al l owa bl e C .E. d uri ng the 7-d ay ca l i brati on e rror t est is ± 2. 5% of t he sp an value , bu t t he “co nt ro l li mits” fo r d aily oper at ion o f the monit or ar e ± 5 .0 % o f span.

C For SO 2 and NO xm oni tors wi th sp an va l ues of 5 0 ppm

or le ss (w

hi ch are ex emp t ed fr o m t he 7- da y ca libr at io n e r r o rt es t ) , t he co nt r o l limit s fo rda ily cal i bra tion error tests a

re ei ther ± 5.0% of spa n or * R - A * # 5 p pm.

C For RA

TAs , there

i s an inc en tiv e system that rew ardsgood m

oni tor perf orma nc e. RA TA s m ay be perf orm ed an nu al l y rath er th an sem i an nu al l y i f a c erta in l evel of relati ve accuracy

is achi eved 59 . T he r elat ive acc ur acy t est freq uenc y incentive syst em is summarize d in Ta ble 19. Ta ble 19 s how s t hat when t he pe rc ent re lative ac curacy i s 7 .5% or l

es s, th e te st f req ue ncy i s a nn ua l . Bu t even i f 7.5 % RA i s n ot ach i ev ed, th e m

oni torin g sy stem may sti ll be el i gi bl e f or an a nn ual RA TA freq uenc y, if an alte rna t ive relat ive acc ur acy sp ecificat ion is met . T he alt er nat ive speci fi cati ons are a

l so shown in Tabl e 19, an

d they appl y to:
C < Low em itters of SO 2 and NO x; < Sources with very l ow stack gas vel

ocitie s; an d < Moisture, CO 2 , and O 2 m oni torin g sy stem s. In each case, the al

ternative R

A speci fi cation i s the di

ff erence b etween the m

ean values of t he r efer ence metho d and CE MS mea sur ement s fro m the R ATA.82 Table 19: Relative Accur acy Test Fr

equency Incentive System

For a RATA o f this ty pe o f monito ring syst em .... The test frequency is

annu al, rather t han semia nn ual , if th e % RA is .... However, if th e foll ow ing c ondi tio ns ar e m et. .... Then annua l frequ ency m ay be att ained by mee ting thi s alterna tive RA speci fi cat ion a ..... SO 2or NO x con cen tr at ion # 7.5% (RM) avg # 250 ppm b ± 12.0 ppm NO x -dilu ent # 7.5% (RM) avg # 0.200 lb /mmBtu ± 0.015 lb/mmB tu Flow # 7.5% (RM) avg # 10.0 ft/sec ± 1.5 ft/s ec CO 2o r O 2 # 7.5% ------------ -- ± 0.7% CO 2o r O 2 Mois ture # 7.5% ------------ --- ± 1.0% H 2 O

a The alt erna tiv e R A s peci fi ca

tio n is the dif fe rence b et w ee n the me an CE

MS andre fer en ce me th od va lu es fr om the RATA, i.e., [(CEMS ) avg - (RM) avg ]
b (RM) avg is the

mean v alue

of the ref erenc e me

thod me asure ments f rom the RA TA

C For the fl

ow-t o-load ratio (or gross heat rate) t est, whic h i s not required f

or ini tial cer t ifi cat ion, t he pa ss/ fail crite rio n is the abso lut e ave ra ge p er cent deviat ion o f the hou rl y f l ow-to- l oad

rati os ( or h ourl

y he at ra tes ) f rom the ref ere nc e ra ti o (or referen ce heat rate). Table 20, b el ow, summ arize s the acceptance cri

teria. Tabl e 20: F low -to-Lo ad Rati o or

Gross Heat R ate Test Ac ceptance C riter

ia

Fo r t h is QA t est..... If the un

it load (or com

bined loa d for a co mmon sta ck) d uring th e l ast n orm al -lo ad fl ow RA TA was..... Then , to pass th

e test, th e absol ute ave rag e pe rce nt de via tio n from the refe re n ce ra ti o or h ea t rat e m u st b e..... Flow -to-load ratio or Gross heat rate $ 60 MW o r $ 500 k

lb/hr of s team # 15.0% if

una djusted flow ra tes are us ed in the ca lc ula tio ns # 10.0% if biasadjust ed flow rates are us ed in the ca lc ula tio ns Flow -to-load ratio or Gross heat rate < 60 MW or < 5 00 klb

/hr of ste am # 20.0% if

una djusted flow ra tes are us ed in the ca lc ula tio ns # 15.0% if biasadjust ed flow rates are us ed in the ca lc ula tio ns60 Elec tronic sto rage o f the QA p lan info

rmation is

allo we d b y the rule , prov

ided that the inf

ormatio n can be made av ailable

in hard copy

upon reque st during an inspectio n or audit. 83 8.7 Are there any notifica tion requirements for the pe riodic QA tests ? Yes. Part 75 requires sources to pro vi de notice to CAMD, to t he EPA Regiona l Of fi ce, and to the St ate, at least 21 days in advance of the fol

lowin g QA test s:

C RATAs
C A pp en di xE re tes ts
C LM

E un it re tes ts Par t 75 a l so a ll ows an y of the regulatory

ag en ci es to i ss ue

a w ai ve r f rom the se noti f i ca ti on requi rem en ts. CA MD h as w ai ve d the se n

otif i cation req

ui rem en ts. The ref ore, sourc es a

re currently required to notify

only the Stat e and EPA R

egi on, unl ess those agencie s i ssue a si mi la r wai ve r. 8.8 What are the E ssenti al Elements o f a Part 75 Q A/QC Prog ram ? Pa rt 7 5 req ui re s a ll own er s a n d op er ator s of

af f ec ted un its to de v el

op a n d i m pl em en t a qual ity assuranc e/qual

ity contro l (QA

/QC) program for the contin uous moni

to rin g sy stems. Each QA/QC program m

ust in cl ude a written pl

an 60 that describ es i

n detail the step-by-step procedures and operations f

or a numb

er of i mportant activi

ties. This qual

ity assuranc e pl an m

ust be m ade available t o t he r egu lato ry ag encies u po n re que st dur ing field aud its. The follow ing ar e t he esse nti al el em ents tha t mus t be i

ncl uded i n a QA pl an:

C For all m

onitoring systems:

< The routine m

ai ntenan ce procedures for the moni to rin g sy stem, an

d a ma in tenance s chedul

e; < The pr oc edu re s us ed t o implement t he Pa rt 75 r eco rd kee ping and re po rt ing req uirement s; < Rec or ds o f all test ing, a djust ment, maintena nce, re pair of t he monit or ing syst em (e. g. , maint enanc e log s); a nd < Records of corrective actions taken i n response to moni

to rin g sy stem out ages.

C For CEMS:

< A w

ri tten rec ord of th

e proce dures

use d f or the re qui

red QA tests (i .e., dai l y cal i bra tion , l ine ari ty c he cks , RA

TAs , etc.); < The pr oc edu re s us ed t o a djust t he CE MS t o e nsur e ac cur acy; and84 < For uni

ts wi th add-on SO 2 , NO x , o r H g emissio n co nt ro ls, a list of t he par amet er s t hat ar e monit or ed d ur ing monit or ou t age s t o ve rify that t he co nt ro ls are wo rk ing pr op er ly, and t he ac cep t able value s and ra nges of t he param eters.

C For so rbent tr ap moni to ring systems:

< Procedures for perman ently ma rkin g or insc rib in g an i dentif ic ation num

ber on each sorbent t rap, for track in g purpo ses; < An

expl anati on of the procedures used f or leak ch ecks of the traps whe

n they are pla ced i n or removed f

rom servi ce; < Ot he rpr o ce du r es t ha t ar e u se d t o en su r e s yst em in t eg r it y an d d at a q ua lit y, inc lud ing dr y ga s me t er ca libr at io ns, ve r ifica t io n o f mo ist ur e r emo va l, ensu ring a ir-t ight pump op er at ion; < The QA/Q C cr iter ia of P ar t 75, Appe ndix K; < The chain o f cust od y pro ced ur es u sed in the p ack ing, t ra nspo rt ing and anal ysi s of the sorbent t raps; < Documen

tation that t he l

aborator y pe

rformi ng the anal

ys es of the traps eithe r meet s t he r equ irement s o f ISO 170 25, or per for ms and p asse s t he spi ke rec overy

study des cri be d i n A ppen di x K at leas t once a

y ear; < The rational

e for the m

in im um a cceptabl e data coll

ection tim e for the si

ze of so rbe nt t ra p se lect ed; a nd < A det ailed de scr ipt ion o f the pr oc edu re s us ed fo r RAT As o f the so rbe nt trap s.

C For units using the Appen dix D and E methodo logies:

< A wr itt en r eco rd of t he fuel flow mete r a ccu ra cy te st pr oc edu re s, includ ing (if appli cabl e) tr ansm itter calib ration and visual i

nspection procedu res; < A record of al

l a djus tments, m

ai ntenan ce or repairs of the f

uel fl owmeter mo nit o r ing sys t em; < A w r it t en r ec o r d o f t he st an da r d p r o ce du r es us ed t o pe r fo r m t he pe r io dic fuel sampli

ng and a naly sis; < For A

ppen di x E un its, a l i st of th e opera tin g para m eters that are co nt inuo usly monito re d, and a cce pt able ra nges for t he pa ra mete rs; a nd < A record of the procedures used to perform the requi red Appen

dix E NO x em is si on testing.

C For pertinen

t inf ormation conce

rni ng the QA

/QC requi remen ts for LME uni

ts, see Section 6.1.7 of thi s guide.85 

### 9.0 MISSING DATA S UBSTITUTI ON PROCEDURES

9.1 Doe s Part 75 re qu ire e miss io ns t o b e rep ort ed f or every un it op erat in g h ou r ? Yes. In cap and trade p rog rams, so ur ce s a r e a cc o un t ab le for thei r emissi ons durin g each h our of un i t op e ra t ion, beca use co mpliance is ass esse d by co mpar ing t he t ot al mass emissio ns for t he compl ia nce period (i .e., year

orozone season) to t he total num ber of al lowan ces hel d. Therefore, Part 75 requires a

compl ete data reco rd for each

af f ec ted un it. Em i ss i ons da ta m us t be rep orted f or eac h unit op er at ing ho ur , w itho ut exce pt ion.
9.2 How are em

issions data repor

ted when a monitoring system is not working ? In r ea l-lif e situations, quali

ty-assured emi ssions data may not be avail

abl e for some hours, becausemonit or ing equ ipment occasiona ll y m al fun ctions or needs to undergo rout in e m ai ntenan ce. A l so, rout in

e QA tests are someti

me s no t pe r fo r med o n sc he du le o rar e fa iled

. Fo ran y un it op er at ing ho ur in w hic h a mo nit o r ing sys t em is un ab le t o pr o vid e q ua lit y-a ss ur ed da t a, t he sys t em is considered t o be “o ut
- o f- co nt r o l” (OO C). Da ta record ed by an out-of -con trol m oni torin g sy stem are un su it ab le f

or Part 75 rep ortin

g an d m ay not be use d i n the em i ssi on ca l cul ati ons. For

ea ch hou r of an OOC period, emi ssions data must be provided i n one of the foll

owing way s:

C Us ing an ap prov ed Par t 75 b ac kup

m oni tori ng sy stem tha t i s n ot out-of -con trol ; or

C Us ing an EPA ref ere nc e te st m

ethod; or

C Usi ng an appropriate substi

tut e data val

ue. Many fac ilit ies do no t ha ve ba ck up mo nit o r ing sys t ems , an d e ve n if t he y do , t he r e is n o guarantee tha

t the ba ck up m oni tor wi ll be in- con trol dur i ng an outa ge of t he pr imary monito r. Using EPA referen ce m ethods to coll

ect data can be ex

pensi ve an d tim e-consum in g. In vi ew of th i s, the re needsto b e a

sta n da rd m eth odol ogy f or d ete rm in in g a pp rop riate

su b sti tute da ta values dur ing missing da ta peri ods. Th e n ece ssa ry m i ssi ng d ata proce dures

are fou nd in the fol lowi ng sections of Part 75:

C §§ 75.31 through 75.38, f or uni ts that us e CEM S and report em i ssi ons d ata on a

y earrou nd basi s;

C §7 5. 39 fo rso r be nt t r ap mo nit o r ing sys t ems

C §75 .74

(c) (7) , f orNO xBu dg et P

rog ra m un its th at u se CEMS an

d rep ort em

i ss i on s d ata on an o zo ne seaso n-o nly

basis;

C Section 2.4 of A

ppendi x D;

C Sec t ion 2 .5 of Ap pend ix E; and

< Sec t ion 5 of Ap pend ix G The Part 75 mi ssi

ng data subs titution process i s shown i n Fi gure 4.86 Pr im ar y m on it ori n g sys tem

is dow n .... A re qu ali ty -ass ured d

ata fro m a bac ku p m on it or in g s ys te m or referen ce m ethod available ? Use the backup or RM d ata Yes

No
Use the approp riate Ap pe nd ix D o r E miss ing da ta pr ocedu res Ar e emiss ions meas ur ed usi ng th e A ppe nd ix D o r E methodology ? Yes

No Use the in iti al m issi ng data pr ocedures in §75 .3 1 for CEM S or §75 .3 9(c) for sorbe nt traps Yes Is t he CEMS o r sorbe nt trap syst em in the initial missing dat a t ime period ?

No

De term in e t he PMA an d th e l en gth of the missing da ta period

Apply the standa rd missing data procedur es in §§75.33-39:

C Us e Table

1 fo r SO 2 , Hg, CO 2 , O 2 and H 2 O.
C Foll ow §75.39(d ) fo r sorben t traps
C Use Table 2 for NO x an d flo w ra te.
C Use Tables 3 and 4

for n on lo ad-base

d un its.
C If th e un

it has add -on SO 2 or NO x contr ols a nd SO 2 or NO x data are m

issin g, fo llo w §75.34

Figure 4. Part 75 missing da ta substi tutio n process61 For so rbent trap monito

ring systems, the initial and standard missing data pro ced ures are f ound in §75 .3 9. Th e mi ssi ng da ta al gor it hm s for sor ben t t ra ps a re sim il ar , bu t n ot i den ti cal , t o th e al gor it hm s us ed for Hg CEMS. Th is is du e to the fun dam enta l differen ce in t he way tha t dat a is coll ected an d recor ded with th e two types of H g monit orin g systems.
62 If thre e y ea rs ha ve el aps ed si nce the dat e o f provi si ona

l c ert if ic ati on and t

he re qui si te numb er o f hou rs of quality-assured

data have no

t yet b een o

btained, the o

wner o r operato r must sw itch to the standard missing data rou ti ne s. A ll ava il abl e qu al it y-ass ur ed d at a fr om t he pr eviou s th re e year s ar e use d for th e “look back s”, un ti l 7 20 ( or 2,160, as applicable) hours of quality-assured data have b een accumulated.
63 In its simple st f

orm, the PMA

is the ratio o

f the numb er of

quality-assured

hours to the number o

f unit operatin g hours, in a specified lookback period. Th e PMA is calculated h ourly by the DAHS. 87 9.3 What ar

e the Par t 75 mis sing data pr

ocedur es fo r CE MS ? In ge ne r al, th e P ar t 7 5 missi ng data procedures for CEMS are desi gned to pro vi

de conser va t ive ly high subs t itu t e da t a value s, t o e nsur e t hat emissions a re not unde re st imated dur ing moni to r ou tages. Appl

ic ation of the m

is si ng data procedures begi

ns ei ther at the

da te a nd hou r of provisi onal cer t ifi cat ion, wh

en th e C EMsyste

m s h av e p as se d a ll re qu i re d c er tif i ca ti on tes ts an d b eg in gene ra t ing qual

ity-a ssu red da ta, orwh en the ce rti f i ca ti on dea dlineex pir es , if t he mo nit o r ing sys t ems ha ve not pas sed

al l of th e requ i red tes ts.. Two distin

ct set s of CEMS missing dat a algo rit hms are des cr ibed in Par t 75-

-- t he “initial” and t he “ sta n da rd ” m i ss in g d ata

rou tin es . Th

e i n iti al m i ss in g d ata

al gor ithm s i n §7 5.3 1 a

re te mporar y “spi n-up” procedures that are used for a speci fi edper iod of t ime, aft er which t he st anda rd missing da ta al gorithm s i

n §§75.33 through 75.38 begi n to be appl

ied 61 . For b oth the i

ni tia l an d stan dard missing data pr ocedur es, all

of the appro priate substitut e data values are cal cul at ed and appl ied au t o mat ica lly

by the d ata ac qui si

tion an d ha ndl ing sy stem

(DA HS). If a m is si ng data period ex

tends past t he end of a qua

rter, it i s treated as t wo sep ar at e missing dat a pe rio ds, one t er minating at t he end of th e qua rter and one

starti ng a t the b egi nn ing of the n ext quarter. The ini ti al m i ss ing da ta p roce dur

es are us ed un ti l a c erta in n um be r of hou rs of qual ity -assured CEM data have been obtai

ned. For SO 2 , Hg, CO 2 , O 2 , a nd mo istu re , t his number is 7 20 ho ur s, a nd f orNO xan

d f l ow r ate , i

t i s 2 ,16 0 h

our s. The i

n iti al m i ss i n g d ata al gor ith ms are si

mple and t he su b sti tute data val ues der ived fro m them ar e likely to be clos e t o t he ac t ual value s. F or example, t he algorithm for SO 2 is the ari

thm etic ave rage of the SO 2 co ncent ra t ions fr om t he ho ur befo re and t he houraft er t he missi

ng data period. For NO xan d f l ow r ate , th

e s ub sti tute da t a v alu e fo rea ch ho ur is an arithm etic average of the avail

abl e hi sto rical

data at sim

il ar load level

s. Once t he r equ isite nu mber o f hou rs o f qua lity-ass ur ed d at a has be en o bt ain ed (i .e. , 72 0 or 2,160) , use of the i

ni tial missi ng data proced ure s ceases and the standard m

is si ng data procedures be gin to be appl

ied. 62 The s tand ard m

i ss in g d ata

rou tin esus e a

ti ered ap pr oach , th at ta

ke s i n to acc ou nt bot h t he pe

rc en t m on itor d ata

av ai l ab il ity 63 (P MA) and the l

ength of the m

is si ng data period. Wh en t he PM A is high ( $ 95%) an d the m i ssi ng data per

i od i s rel ativel y short ( # 24 h

r), the s tand ard missing data algo rithm s ar e nea rly ident ical to t he initial missing dat a r ou t ines-- -c ons equ ent ly, the su b sti tute da t a v alu es ar e g en er ally n ot pun itiv e. How ev er , a s th e PMA de crea se s, th e s ub sti

tute da ta val ues becom

e i nc re as ingl

y con se rv ati ve , to en su

re th at e m i ss i ons are not u nd er- rep orted . F or64 For source s that report NO x mass emissions data on an ozone seas on-only basis, only data f rom inside the ozone season ar e included in the mi ssing da ta lookbacks.

65 Alter na tively, at a common stack, 20 load bins m ay be defined for flow rat e. 88 exam ple , when the PMA

of an SO 2 or NO xmo nit o r ing sys t em is betwe en 80 % a nd 90 %, t he su b sti tute data val ue wil l b e the maximum value obs er ved by loo king ba ck th rough the l ast 720 hours (f orSO 2 ) or 2, 160 hours (for NO x ) of h i sto ri ca l , qu al ity -a ss ured

em i ss i on da ta 64

. But if the PMA drops below 80% , r ega rd less o f the lengt h of t he missing dat a pe rio d, t he ma xi mum pot entia l SO 2 concentration or the max

im um potential

NO xem i ssi on rate m ust b e reported

. For uni ts wi th add-on SO 2 , NO x , or Hg em i ss i on control s, the

use of th e i ni tia l an d stan dard missing data r out in

es is condi

tional. The condition i s that pa ra m etr i c d ata m us t b e a v ai l abl e to do cument t hat t he ad d- on c ont ro ls are wo rk ing pr op er ly during t he missing dat a pe rio d. Fo r a ny hourin which this p ar amet ric evid ence is unava ilable, t he maximum pot ent ial conc ent ra t ion o r t he maxim um potential em i ssi on rate m ust b e reported

. The init ial a nd st an da r d mi ssing data al gorithm s f or NO xand stack gas f

low rate are loadbased, in order to provide m

ore representative subs titute dat a val ues. Appen

dix C of Part 75 requires t he owner or o perator to establ ish 10 l oad ranges or “l

oad bi ns”, by di vi di ng the operati ng ran ge of t he source ( e.g., 0 to 500 megawatt s) in to 10 eq ua l pa rts 65 . Then, duri

ng peri ods of mi ssi ng NO xor f l ow rate data, the substi

tut e data val

ue for each h

our is cal cul ated usi

ng hi storical qual ity -assured dat a in the co rr esp ond ing load bin. However, ce r t ain uni

ts in the NO x Bu dg et Pr o gr am, such as cem ent kil ns and ref in ery process heaters, do not produce el ectri cal or steam l oad. To accomm

odate these s ources, EPA

added a seri

es of speci al missi ng data algorithm s f

or NO xan d f

l ow rate to Part 75 i

n 20 02. Th

e al gori thm s are st r uc t ur ally si

mi la r to the standard NO xand fl ow rat e m is si ng data rout in

es, except tha t the y are not load-bas ed. To a

ll ev i ate in du str y con ce rn s th at th e s ub sti tute da t a v alu es de t er mined in this ma nne r ma y n ot b e repre se

n tati v e, th e rule al

lows the aff

ected so urces t o defin

e “operat ional

bi ns” corr esponding to diff

erent pr ocess o perat in

g conditions, an d to popul ate ea ch bi n w ith CEM

data. The su bst it ut e d at a v alu e fo rea ch miss ing da t a h o ur is then drawn f rom the appropriate operational bin. As part of the 2002 revi si ons to Part 75, EPA als o added provisi ons to §§75. 33 and 75.34. These n ew

pr ov i si on s a ll ow s ource s to im

pl em en t th e s tan da rd m i ss in g d ata

rout ines in a slig ht ly different man ne r , in

order t o obt ai

n m ore representative sub stitute data values . Af fected sources that bur n dif feren t t ype s of f

uel now have t he o pt ion t o s epa ra t e t heir hist or ical CEM dat a ac co rd ing to fuel ty pe an d to a ppl y the sta ndard m i ss ing da ta p roce dur

es on a fu el- sp ec ific b as is. Also , fo ra u nit t ha t is subj ect to the NO xBudget Pro gram or to t he CA IR Ozone Season Tradi

ng Program , and is eq ui pped w ith a

dd- on NO xcontr ols, and rep orts e m i ss i ons da ta y ea r-rou nd , th e ow ne

r or op era tor ma y separate the NO xem

is si on data into oz one sea so n and no n-o zo ne sea so n dat a “po ols” . T hen, dep ending on

th e ti m e of th e y ea r th at th e m i ss in g d ata

peri od occurs(i.e ., inside o r o ut side t he o zo ne sea son) , t he subs t itu t e da t a value s ar e dr awn fr om t he ap propri ate da ta p ool . Th

i s m i ss ing da ta op ti on is advan tageous when

the NO xemission co nt ro ls are op er at ed o nly (or pr incipally) dur ing t he o zo ne sea so n.66 Note th at for p eakin g un its, Appen dix D a llows a sim plified missi ng d ata procedur e to be used for fuel

flow r at e. I in ste ad of usi ng th e sta nd ar d l ookba ck p roc edu re s, t he ma xi mu m p oten ti al fuel flow r at e ma y be reported fo

r each hour of the missing data period. 89 9.4 What ar

e the mis sing data pr

ocedur es fo r Appe

ndices D , E and G ? Appendix D Ap pe nd ix D of Part 75 in

cl udes missi ng data procedures for fuel fl ow rat e, f ue l sulf ur con ten t, GCV and d ensit y. The Appe ndix D missing da t a algo rit hms are co nsider ably less co mplex t han t he CEMS m i ss in g d ata

rou tines. The

standard A

ppen di x Dm i ssi ng d ata al gori thm s f or fu el f l ow rate are th e most so phi sti

ca ted , i n th at th ey are f ue l -s pe ci f i c a n d l oad -b as ed . H owev er , th

e s ub sti tute da ta val ue fo rea ch ho ur is s imply a n a r it hme t ic aver age of t he da t a in the co rr esp ond ing load bin , based on a l ookb ack th

rou gh 72 0 h our s of qu al ity -a ss ured

da ta 66

. Ap pe nd ix D req ui re s m i ss in g d ata

su b sti tuti on f or f ue l sulf ur con ten t, G CV an d d en si ty when ever a r eq uir ed pe r io dic sa mple fo ran y o f t he se pa r ame t er s is not t ake n, or wh en the resul ts of a sam ple anal ys is are mi ssi ng or in val i d. The missing dat a ap pr oa ch is qu ite s imple, in tha t t he ma xi mum po t ent ial value o f the pa

ram ete r i s rep orted

f or ea ch hou r of t he miss ing da t a p er io d. Fu elspeci fi c m axi mum pot entia l val ues f or sulf urconten t, GCV a nd d en si ty a re de f ined i n T ab l e D -6 of Appen dix D. I n so me c as es , a c o nse r va t ive ly high de fau lt va l ue i s pres cri bed (e .g., 1.0 % s ul

f ur f or die sel fuel ). In ot her cases , a mul

tipl ie r is a ppli ed to t he h

igh est val ue in a loo kbac k t hro ugh r ece nt fuel sa mpling r es ult s ( e. g. , 1. 5 t imes t he hig he st su lf ur co nt ent fr om the previ ous 30 dail

y ga s sam pl es). Appendix E For A pp en di xE un its, m i ss in g d ata

su b sti tutio n is r eq uir ed fo ran y un it o pe r at ing ho ur in which:

C One orm

ore of the m oni tored QA /QC pa ram ete rs i s eithe r un av ai l ab l e or ou t side t he ac ce pta bl e ra ng e of va l ue s; or

C The measu re d hea t input ra t e is higher t han t he highes t heat input ra t e fro m the ba sel ine corr el ati on te sts ; or

C For

a uni t with add-on NO x em

i ss i on con trol s, th e c ontrol s a

re ei th er sh ut o f f or ca nn ot be doc um en ted to be work ing prop erl y ; or

C Emergen

cy fue l is com

b us ted , un

l es s a se pa ra te corr el ati on c urv e has been deri ved f or t he fue l. Ap pe nd ix E miss ing da t a s ub st it ut io n is f ai rl y strai ghtf orward. W

hen the QA

/QC p aram

eters are una va il ab l e or outside th e ac ceptab l e ran ge of va l ues , t he subst itu t e da t a value is simply t he highest NO xem

is si on rate from the b asel

in e correlation curv

e. Whe n the m easured h ea t i npu t ra te is abo ve t he highes t value fr om t he ba selin e testing, there are two mi ssi ng data options f

or NO x em i ssi on rate. Either:

C Report

the hi gh er of the l ine ar e xtrap ol ati on of the corr el ati on cur ve or t he m

axi mum pot entia l NOxem i ssi on rate (MER);or67 Acc ording to § 75.20(b )(3)(iv ), linearity

chec ks and cy cle time tes ts must b

e co mpleted within 168 unit ope rating hoursaft

er the p rob atio nary c alibration e

rror tes t. Fo

r a RA TA, 720 op erating ho

urs are allo we

d, and a 7-day calib ration e rror tes t must

be co mplet ed w ithin 21 unit o

perating day s. 90 C Report

1. 25 t imes the hi

ghest val ue on the co rrelation curve, not to exceed the MER. The f ue l -s pe ci f i c MER m

us t be rep orted f orun its with add-on NO xemission co nt ro ls, whe never t he contr ols are either shut off or cannot be do cumented to be working proper ly . The MER must also be report edwh

en em erg en cy f ue l i s c om bu ste d, i f the re is n o ba sel ine corr el ati on cu r ve fo rt ha t fue l. Appendix G For A ci d R ai n Pro gr am un its usin g Appendi

x G to d etermine CO 2 mass emissions, missing da ta su b sti tuti on i s r eq ui re d w h en ev er th e res ul ts of the requi

red fuel sa m pl ing an d a na l y si s f or ca rb on co nt ent or GC V a

re m i ss ing or i nv al i d. F or pe riods of missi ng carbon c ontent, either

th e a pp rop ri ate de fau lt va lue fr o m Ta ble G- 1 in Ap pe nd ix G or th e re su l ts of t he mos t re cent valid sample may be re po rt ed. When t he GC V is miss ing , T ab le D

- 6 in Ap pe nd ix D is us ed to de ter m in e th e s ub sti tute data v al ue. 9.5 What is conditional da ta valida tion? Wh en a signi fi cant chan ge i s m ade to a CEMS (e.g. , replacem ent of an a

nal yz er ) and t he sy stem mus t be recertif

ied, the CEMS m

ust pass a seri

es of recertif

ic ation tests bef

ore it can be

used to re po rt qu alit y-a ss ur ed da t a. In mo st ca se s, re ce rt ification tak es at least 7 days (si nce a 7-day ca l i brati on er r o rt es t is u su ally one of the requi red tes ts). However, wh

il e the rece rtif i cation testsare in progres s, the

requi rem en t to report emis sio ns d at a fo rev er y un it ope ra tin g h our re mai n s i n ef f ec t. Wi thout regulatory rel

ie f, thi s co uld resu lt in an ext ende d pe rio d o f mi ssing d at a su bst itu t ion, and possibl e loss of al

lowance credits. To al l evi ate this si

tuati on, §75 .20(b )(3) of

Part 75 al lows condi

tional data val ida tion (CDV) to be used for recert if

ication even

ts. Conditional

data validation pro vi

des a means o f mi

nimi zing t he use o f su bst it ut e d at a w hile a CE MS is bei ng tested for recertif

ic ation. To take ad va nt ag e o f t his r ule pr ovisio n, as soon as the m onitorin g sy stem i s ready

to be tested, a cali

bration error test is perf

ormed. Thi s i s cal led a “probationa

ry cal ib ration”. If t he pr oba t ionar y calibrat ion is pa ssed , d at a fro m the CEMS are assi

gned a condi

tional ly val id st at us fr o m t hat po int o n, p ending t he r esu lts o f the recert if ication tests. If t he r eq uir ed r ec er t ifica t io n t es t s a r e t he n p er fo r med an d p as se d w it hin a ce r t ain t ime fr ame 67 , wi

th no t es t failu r es , all o f t he co nd it io na lly v al i d d ata re cor de d by th e C EM S f

rom th e d ate and hou r of the prob ati ona ry ca l i brati on to th e d ate an d hour of com pl eti on of the required tests m

ay be repor ted asqu al ity -a ss ured . H owev er , i

f on e of th e m aj or rece rti f i ca ti on tes ts ( su ch

asa l in ea ri ty check o rRAT A) is fa iled , t he n a ll o f t he co nd it io na lly valid da t a a r e in va li dat ed an d m i ss in g d ata substi tut ion m ust be used un

til al l of the required tests hav

e been successf ull y c ompl eted. Part 75 exte nds t he us e o f co ndit ional da t a validat ion beyo nd r ece rt ifi cat ion eve nt s. T he proc ed ure s m ay al so b e u se d f

or i ni ti al ce rti f i ca ti on, diag nosti c te sti

ng , an d f or ro ut ine QA testin

g. The appli

cation of conditional

data validation to in

itial CE MS ce rt ifi ca t io n is p ar t icu lar ly91

advan tageo us for new sources i n the NO xBudget Pro gram, wh ic h are accountabl

e to r eport NO x mass em i ss i ons f rom the hou r of uni t sta rt u p (i.e., “f

irst-f ire”). The us e of CDV f or t hese n

ew sources al l ows a s i gn

i f i ca nt a m oun t of the da ta record ed pri or to com pl eti on of the ce rti f i ca ti on tes ts to be recl ai med and reported as quali ty-assured— data whi

ch otherwis e wo uld b e i nvalidat ed a nd report edas maximum po t ent ial values. No t e t hat if CDV is us ed fo r initial ce rt ifi cat ion, it m

ay be used for the enti

re win dow of tim

e al lotted for certifi

cation (up t o 1 80 d ays in some c ase s), and t he shorter tim

e fram es descri bed in § 75. 20(

b) (3) (i v) do not ap ply 80 . Conditional data val idation i s also use ful when:

C Mon

itor repair or m

ai ntenan ce activ iti es are perf

ormed that trigg er diagnost ic test requi rem en ts; or

C A rou tine QA test, such as a li nearity check or RATA is f

ai l ed or ab orted

due to a probl em wi th the m oni torin g sy stem an d m ust b e repe ated. In these ins tances, a pr oba t ionar y calibrat ion may be do ne fo llowing co rr ect ive act ions, and the CDV procedu res a ppl i ed un til the requi red di agnosti c test or QA

test ha s b een

perf orme d.68 There is an exception to this, for new units in the NO x Budge t P rog ram, w hic h mus t re

po rt emis si ons data from fir st-fir e.

69 The ve

rsion 2.1 and 2.2 EDR

fo rmats and acco

mpanying Instructio

ns are fo und on the Clean Air Market s Div

isio n we bs ite, a t: http:// ww w.e pa.go v/ai rmarkets /repo rting/ed r21/inde x.html 92 

### 10.0 PART 75 REPORTI NG REQ UIRE M ENT S
10.1 What are the basic re porting requir

ements of P

art 75 ? Under the Aci d Rai n an d NO xBud get Pr og ra ms, elec t ro nic and ha rd c op y da

ta of various kinds ( e. g. , e missions da t a, monit or ing plan infor matio n, resul ts of certi f i cation an d QA tests. etc.) m ust b e reported

to EPA an

d to the State a

t certai n ti m es, a s sp eci

f i ed i n Pa rt 75. Initial R eporting The in iti al Pa rt 7 5 rep orti

n g req ui re m en ts include t he su bmitt al of a mo nito ring plan and t he re sul ts o f t he mo nit o r ing sys t em c er t ifica t io n tes ts. T he se r eq uir eme nt s ha ve be en pr ev io us ly dis cussed i

n Section 7 of

this guide

. Quarter ly Reporting In general, em

issi ons data must be report ed el ectronical ly each quarter, begi

nni ng ei ther at t he da te and h our o f provi si onal

certif ic ation wh

en all cert ifi cat ion t est s have been c omp lete d o r t he da te a nd hou r of the certif ic ation deadl

in e speci fi edin the rule, which

ever comes fi

rst 68 . EPA uses t he qua rt er ly repo rt dat a t o a sses s co mpliance, by comp ari ng ea ch un it’s reported ann

ual SO 2 mass emissions and/ or oz one season NO xmass emissio ns ag ainst t he nu mbe ro f allo wa nc es he ld. Fo rco alfi red uni ts w ith an

nual NO xem is si on li mi ts under 40 CFR Part 76, the Agen cy al so assesses compli ance wi th these li mi ts. Qu ar t er ly r ep o r t ing o f ho ur ly

em is si ons data is

vi tal to t he succe ss of a ca

p an d t r ad e p r o gr am. Qu ar t er ly re po rt ing ea ses t he ad minist ra t ive bur den a sso ciat ed w ith t he da t a r eco nciliatio n and al l ow ance accountin

g process, because i

t enabl es EPA an

d the aff ected sources to work t ogether dur ing the year or o zone season t o addr ess any problem s wi th the data, ra t her t han wa iting u nt il the y ear or ozone se ason

i s ove r. All quarter l yre por ts m

ust b e su bm itted to EPA b y

di rect com puter-to-com

puter tran sf

er, ei therby E-mail or by using an EPA- provi

ded s oftwa

re to ol known a s the Emi

ssi ons Trackin

g Sys tem File Transf

er Prot ocol, or “ETS-FTP”. The report s ar e due wi thin 30 day s af

ter t he en d of each calendar qua rt er . D ur ing t his 30- day su bmission pe rio d, t he report s m ay be revi sed and res ubm

itted as m an y tim es a s nece ssa

ry . The data in each quarterly report must be i n a standardized electronic data repo rting (EDR) form at provided

by EPA 69

. Th e d ata

ac qui si ti on a nd ha nd l ing sy stem (DA HS) m us t be ca pa bl e of r ec o r din g a ll

of t he nec essa ry da t a and put t ing it int o t his for mat. Cur re nt ly, the re ar e t wo ver sions of th e E DR , i .e ., v

er si on s 2 .1 a n d 2 .2. Mos t af

f ec ted un its u se v er si on 2.1 an d hav e th e op ti on to upgrade to vers i on 2.2. Howev er, ve rs i on 2. 2 is re quir ed fo r no n load -ba sed unit s, L ME u nits, and70 The MDC software an d inform ation on how to use it can be fo und a t the following website address: http//w ww .epa. gov

/airmarkets

/monito ring/mdc/

index/ html
93 f or uni ts usi ng c ertai n Pa rt 75 com pl i ance a nd m i ssi ng data opti ons. The qua rt er ly EDR files must include t he fo llowing es sent ial inf or matio n:

C Facility informat ion;

C Hourly

and cum ula tive e missi ons data;

C Hourl y uni t operati ng i nf orma tion (e.g., l oad, heat i

npu t rate, operati

ng ti m e, etc.);

C Mo nito ring p lan informat ion;

C Re sul ts of re qu i re d q ua l ity -a ss ur an

ce tes ts (e.g. , dail

y cal ib rations, li nearity checks, RATAs , e t c. ); a nd

C Ce rti f i ca ti onsta tem en ts f rom the De si gn ate d Rep res en

tati ve or Aut hor ized Ac co unt Re pres en tati v e ( or th e A l ter n ate Re pres en tati v e) , a ttes tin g to t he co mplet enes s and accuracy of the data. The d ata fro m each q uar t er ly repo rt submitt al are re co rd ed a nd st or ed in E PA’s E missions Tr ack ing Sys t em ( E T S)

. T he t r ac kin g s yst em c o nsis t s o f t he pr ev io us ly-me nt io ne d ETS -FTP sof tware and data checking rout in

es, ho us ed in a n E PA mainf r ame co mpu t er . All

so ur ce s mu st o bt ain an acc ou nt and a pass word from EPA i n order to subm

it thei r EDR fi le s. The succes s of the cap and trade programs depen

ds vit ally o n E T S. I t inst ils c o nfid en ce in allowa nce t ra nsac t ions by ce rt ify ing the exi stence an

d quantity of the comm

odity bei ng traded. EPA recomm ends that sources pre-screen their EDR data be

fore m aki ng an off icia l su bmit t al. ETS ha s a

tes t reg i on

where quarterly

report s can be sent to receive a preli mi nary feedb ack repor t. A l so, EPA

h asde v el ope d th e M on itori

n g D ata Ch ec ki n g ( MD C) sof

twa re , w h i ch i s a v ai l abl e to all via the Internet 70 . EPA uses MD C to p er f orm rou tin e e l ec tron

i c a udits of the quarterly

report s (see Secti ons 1 0.2 an

d 10.3, a nd F i gure 5 , bel ow). 10.2 How does EPA evaluat e the electronic qu arterly r eports ? Each quarter, E PA revi

ews and e

val uates the EDR report s, usi ng the f oll owing f our-st ep review process:

C Data Revi ew - T he qu ar t er ly r ep o r t s a r e a na lyz ed usi ng two so ftw ar e t oo ls: E TS and MDC. The ETS software recal cul ates the report edem

is si ons f rom the raw data. MDC checkst he moni tori ng plan info rmat ion, re calcu late s t he r epo rt ed Q A te st re sult s, a nd deter m in eswh eth er th e s our ce i s u p- to-d ate on its i mportant QAtes ts, su ch

asl in ea ri ty check s, RAT As, e t c. The ET S and MDC evalua t ions ide nt ify so ur ces wit h re po rt ing p r o ble ms and al so fl

ag sources that have n

ot subm itted their EDRs b

y the r ep o r t in g dead l ine .
C Feedback

to Sour ces - EPA prov i de s f ee db ac k to the s ourc es , b as ed on th e res ul ts of t he94 ETS and MDC

ev al uations. Th

e f eedb ack re

ports i ndi cate th at ei

ther:

< The data have been accepted and wi

ll be stored in the E PA mainframe fo r t he pur pos es of an nu al rec oncil i ati on a nd di ss em ina ti on;or
< The ED R is una cce pt able, and co nt ains “crit ical” er ro rs t hat pr event t he da ta f rom b ei ng u sed f or al l owance a ccoun tin g an d di sse m ina tion ; or
< The data have been acce pted , bu t E PA ha s id en t ified “no n- cr it ica l” ( info r mat io na l) erro rs that must be correct ed in subsequent quart erly

repo rts.

C Data Resubm ission - EPA requires

report s wi

th critical errors t o be r es ub mi tt ed by a spe ci f i ed de adl ine (gen eral l y wi thi n 30 day s).

C Data Disse mination - Al

l data ar e rev i ewed , a nd prel

im in ar y an d f in al em i ss i on s d ata re po rt s ar e pr epa re d fo r p ublic re lease a nd co mpliance de t er minatio n. 10.3 Part 75 Audit Pr ogram Wh en em is si ons data are report ed i n a standardi

zed e l ec tron ic f

ormat such as t he EDR, regul atory agenci es can de vel op software to ols wi

th whi ch to audit the da t a. The results of these ele ct r o nic au dit s c an se r ve as a b as is for tar geting problem sources, eithe r fo r mo re co mpre hensive ele ct r o nic audi

ts or f or fi el d aud it s. I n t he Pa r t 75 au dit pr o gr am, bo t h e lec t r o nic au dit s a nd field audi ts are rout in

el y pe rformed. Special E lectro nic Audits In ad di ti on to the ro utine el

ectro ni c audits of the Part 75 electro ni c quart erly

repo rts, using t he ETS and MDC software t oo ls. EPA al so occ as i on al l y pe rf orm s spe ci al (a d- h oc) el

ec tron i c a udits to lo o k fo ro t he rsp ec ific d at a r ep o r t ing pr o ble ms ( e. g. , inc o r r ec t ap plic at io n o f t he miss in g dat a routin es). Field Audit Targeting Tool EPA has r ece nt ly develop ed a n e le ctro ni c aud iti ng sof tware to ol, known

as t he T ar get ing Tool f or Fi el d A udi ts (TTFA ). T his to ol is

in tended t o be used primari

ly by Stat e agencies , t o assist them in target in g sources fo rfield au dit s. T he T T FA t o o l is capable of iden tify in g a variety of CEMS operati on and m ai ntenan ce proble ms , such asmonit or ing sy stems wi th an ex cessi ve n umb er of f ailed ca l i brati on err ortest s or lin

earity checks, so ur ces wit h long per iod s o f monito r d ow n t ime, monit or ing sy stem s wi th i m properl y -set s pan an d ran ge v al ues , etc. Field A udits and I

nspecti ons EPA rel i espri mari l y on Stat e and l

ocal agen ci es to co nduct

fi el d audi ts of Part 75-affected sources. In m

any in stances, the f

ie ld a udits are i ntegrated with routine source in spections. The a

udits encourage good m

oni torin g practic es b

y rai si ng p l an t awarene ss of

Part75 re qu i

re m en ts. Fi el d a udits gene ral l y incl ude the f oll owin g activi ties :95 Figure 5. Part 75 dat a reporting and review p rocess.71 The Field Audit Manual is f ound at the f

ollowing Internet addres s: http://w ww .epa. gov

/airmarkets

/monito ring/auditma

nual/index.html 96 C Pr e- au dit prep ar ati on (e .g. , m onitori n g p l an re v i ew , e x am

in ati on of historical

EDR dat a using MDC or the TT FA tar get ing to ol, e tc .) ;
C On-sit e inspect ion o f the monit or ing equipment a nd syste m peripher als;

C Reco rds review;

C QA test observations ; and

C I nt er vie ws wit h t he ap pr o pr iat e p lan t pe r so nne l.
EPA has d evelo ped a Field Aud it Ma nual, which i s av ai l ab l e on th e Internet 71

. T he Fie ld Au dit Ma nua l detai l s r ec om m en de d p roc ed

uresf or c on du cti

n g f i el d a udits of Pa

rt 75 CEM S. The Manual in clude s t oo ls tha t can be use d t o p re par e fo r a n aud it, t echniqu es t hat can be used t o conduct the

on- si te i ns pe cti ons an d re cord s rev

i ew , proper m

ethod s f or obs er ving QA t est s, a nd guide li nes f or prepa ring a f ina l report. Ch

eckl i sts ar e al so prov i ded th at can

be use d to ens urethat all ne ce ss ar y da t a is obtained durin g the audi t. EP A h as desi

gned the audi

t pro cedures i

n the Man ual so that personnel

with varyi

ng l evels of ex

perien ce can us e them . Three le

vel s of audi

ts are described in t he Ma nu al:

C A Level 1 aud it, co ns ist ing o f o n-si te ins pection of the CEM equi pme nt, records re v i ew , a n d ob se rv ati on of a d ai l y ca l i b ra ti on er ror tes t;

C A Leve l 2 a udi t, i nc l udi ng al l of the Leve l 1 acti vi ti es , pl us obs ervati

on o f a l in ea ri ty check or RATA ; and

C A Leve l 3 a udi t, i nc l udi ng the Leve l 1 acti vi ti es , pl us a p erf or ma nce tes t (l

in ea ri ty check or R

ATA ) cond ucted b y agen cy pers onnel

. Any St at e o r lo ca l ag enc y ca n pe rfo rm a Le ve l1 or L evel 2 a udit , bu t not all agenc ies have t he ne ces sary equi pm en t or expe rtis e to condu ct the p erf

orma nc e test req

ui red b y the L ev el 3 aud it. 10.4 El ectr

onic R epor ting—Update The Cl ea n A i r M ar kets D i v i si

on of EPA h asre cen tl

y in iti ate d a

n ef f ort to r e- en gi n ee r i ts d ata col l ec ti on and processi

ng sy stems. The

goal of this project i s to moderniz e the way in whi ch the Pa rt 75 el ec tron i c d ata is rep or t ed t o t he Age ncy. T he cur re nt “rec or d t ype- co lumn” ED R for mat w ill be replac edwith a

n “ XML” f ormat that inter act s mor e efficient ly with adatabase structure than does t he current f

orma t. P ropo nen

ts of XML b el

ie ve that usi

ng thi s f ormat wil l s treaml in e Part 75 r ep o r t in g an d w il l make t he emissions dat a mor e ac ces sible to inter est ed p ar t ies beca use of t he en ha nc ed da taba se m an agem en t capab il itie s.97

The DAHS v en dors wi

ll ne ed to devel

op the n ece ssa ry sof tware to ge ne r at e t he ele ct r o nic repor ts in X ML f orma t. EPA pl

an s to make a

gradu al tra nsit io n fr o m t he cu rr ent ED R re po rt ing form at to XML reporting. The Agenc y plans for a “bet a t est ” ver sion o f XML t o be available by the end of 2 006. In 2007, beta testers may opt to use the XML v

ersi on for some or al

l of their of fi ci al qu ar t er ly report subm

ittals . In 2008, all

sources wil

l, at thei r disc retion, be al

lowed to repor t either in the curr ent EDR format o r in XML . In 2009, all sources will be r equ ired t o r epo rt only in the XML f orm at. So me changes to Par t 75 will be needed to close out th e ol d ED R f orm at a n d to sup po rt t he newXML reporting f

o r ma t. EP

A pl an s to pr opos e th

es e r ul e c h an ge s i n Nov em b er , 20 05 an

d to fi nal ize them by the end of 2006.98 

## APP END IX I Regula tory Upda te (CAIR and CAMR Rules)99 APPENDIX I: Regulatory Updat e (CAIR and C AMR Rules) On March 10 , 2005 a

nd M arch 15, 2 005, re spectiv

el y, the EPA A

dmi ni strato r sign

ed two im por tant air regu lations:

< The Clean Air I nt er st at e Ru le (CAI R); and

C The Clean

Ai r Mercury Rule (CAMR)
Th e CAIR rule, whi

ch was publ

ish ed on May 12, 2005, ap pli es to uni ts that pro duc e el ec tri ci ty for sale and ser ve a generator with a n am epl ate capacity

> 25 m egawatts. So me

28 Stat es are affect ed by t he r egu latio n, mostl y i n the eastern h

al f of the Uni ted Stat es. The CA

IR rule, wh

ic h has be en co difie d in 40 CF R Part 96, i s a m

odel regulation

for a ca p and trade program

for SO 2 and NO x . T he go al o f t his p r o gr am, wh ich will be gin in 20 08 , is to achi

eve signi fi can t reduction s i

n SO 2 and NO xma ss em

is si ons, far ex

ceedi ng the reductions

that have thus far be en ac hie ve d b y t he Ac id Rai n an d NO xBudg et Program

s. Th e C A IR r

ul e a ctu al l y con si stsof

three separate regulations, i.e., one f or annual SO 2 mass emi ssions, one for ann

ual NO xma ss em

is si ons, and one f

or o zone season NO xmass em issi ons. Most of the aff ected Stat es are sub

ject to al l three of these rules, al

though a few

Stat es (MN, GA, TX) are exem pted f rom the ozon e s ea son NO xrul e an d a han df ul of othe r States (A

R, DE, N J, CT, M A) a re subj ect o nly

to the ozone season NO xrule. Each af f ec ted State i s req ui red to su bm it a SIP re vi

si on to EPA f or appro val

withi n 18 m onths of th e ef f ecti ve date of the rul e. If a State adopt s the m odel rule (or somethi

ng cl ose to it) and s ubm

its i t as a SIP revis ion, A

gency ap pr o va l will be automatic. The CAMR

rule, wh ic h was pub

lished on M ay

18, 2005, appli

es to co al -fi

red uni ts that prod uc e e l ec trici

ty f orsale and ser ve a g en er at o rwit h a na mep lat e c ap ac it y > 2 5 me ga wa t t s. T his regulati on, which is found at Su bpar t HHH H o f 40 CF R Pa rt 60, is also a mod el ru le for a ca p and trade pro gram. The pro gram i s design ed to achi eve substantial

reduct ions i

n m ercury mass

emissions, and is sched uled t o be gin in 200 9. The CAMR rule i s sim il ar to CAIR, in

that ea ch Stat e must

su bmit a SI P r evision t o E PA wit hin 18 mo nt hs of the ef f ec ti ve da te of the rul e, a nd an y State SIP rev i si on that adopt s the m

odel rul e wi ll be automati cal

l y approved. However, unl ike CAIR, whi

ch f ocuses mai nl y on the eas tern U .S., the C

AMR rul e i s n ati onal

in i ts scope an d af f ects a ll 50 States

. The CAMR

r eg ula t io n is r at he run iqu e, in t ha t it is ba se d o n se ct io n 1 11 ( d) o f t he Cle an Air A ct. In o rd er t o ju st ify

a se ct ion 1 11( d) ru lemaking f or a p arti cu l ar c ate gory

of exist ing so ur ces and f ora p arti cu l ar p oll uta nt, the re m us t be a N ewSour

ce Per f orm an ce Stan da rds (NS PS) regulati

onin pla ce f or the s am

e sourc e ca

tegory an d pol l utan t. Howev er, pri

or t o 2 005 , t he re was n

o NSPS regulati on in exi stence f

or mercury

em is si ons f rom coal-f

ired power pl ants. Theref ore, o n May

18, 2005, a merc ur y NSP S r ule ( whi ch h ad been p ro po sed on J anua ry 30 , 2 004 ) w as p ublished a long wi th the CA MR regul ation . The m

ercury NSPS rule provi si ons hav e been codif ied asam en dm en ts to Subpart Daof 4 0 CF

R Part 60 . Th e m ercu ry NS PS ap pl

i esto co al -f i re d e l ec tri c g en er ati n g u n its that have a he at input capa cit y > 250 mm Btu/hr and that comm

ence cons truct ion a

fter Janua ry 1,100

2004. The rule requi

res m ercury em is si ons to be continuousl

y m onitored.
Bo t h t he CAI R and CAMR r ules bu ild upo n t he exist ing Part 75 inf rastructur e and requi

re t he em is si on moni

to rin g and reporting provi si ons of Part 75 to be i mpl em ented. For SO 2 and NO x , t he transi tion to CAIR shoul

d be rel ative ly sm oot h, beca

use Part 75 m

oni toring a nd rep orting of

SO 2 and NO xma ss em

is si ons has

been su cc es sfu lly imple men t ed un de rt he Ac idRai n an d NO xBudget Pr o gr ams for many

years. Most of the uni

ts aff ected by CAIR are curren

tly in one or t he other

(or bot h) o f t he se Pr o gr ams an d a lre ad y hav e s o me o rall o f t he r eq uir ed Pa r t 75 mo nit o r ing sys t ems in pla ce. However, implementat ion o f the mercu ry t ra ding pr o gr am u nd er t he CAM R r ule will be m ore chal le ngi ng, beca use contin

uous mercury

moni to rin g has n ot b een

re qu i re d by an y Sta te or Federal re gulat ion p rio r t o t he CAMR rule. In v

ie w of thi s, as part of the May 18, 2005 fi

nal rule pac kage, EPA has added Subpart I to Part 75. Subpar t I ser ves the same purpose for mercury m ass emissions monit or ing as Sub

pa rt H of Par t 75 does f

orNO xmass

emissions mo nito ring, in that it p ro vides t he monit or ing gu i de l

in esf or a m ul ti -s tate trading program. Th

e May 18, 2005 fi

nal rule h as al so added sp ec ific m

ercu ry m on itori n g p rov i si on s to Pa r t 75 , in supp ort of Sub part I. Th

ese ne w m ercur y mo nit o r ing pr o visio ns a pp ly o nlyto uni ts that ar e regulated under a S tat e or Feder al m ercury mass em i ssi ons r educ tion program that adopts Sub

part I.
EPA is a wa r e t ha t mer cu r y mo nit o r ing t ec hno lo gy is st ill in it s i nf ancy and i s not nearl

y a s we ll -un ders tood or as wel

l -establ i shed as SO 2 and NO xmonit or ing tech nol ogy . How ev

er , the res ul

ts of r ec en t field st ud ies o f mer cu r y mo nit o r s ha ve be en en co ur ag in g, and a t t he pre sent rate of pro gress, mercury m

onitoring technology i s expected t o be su ffi cient ly develop ed by t he t ime the CAMR rule is i mpl em ented.101 

## APPENDIX II
Part 75 M onitoring Re quire m entsfor Com m on Stack and Multiple Stack

Configurations102

The follow ing Ta ble summarize s t he Pa rt 75 mo nito ring r equ irement s for co mmon st ack and mult iple st ack co nfigura t ions, unde r t he Aci d Rai n, NO xBudg et, CA

IR and CAMR trading programs.
Table II -A: Part 75 Monitoring Requirements for Com mon Stack and Mul

tiple Stac k Conf igura tions

Case No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . . 1 Is in the Ac id Rain

Progra m an d shar es a common stack wit h oth er af fe ct ed unit s i n the Pro gram , but no

no naff ecte d units SO 2(or CO 2 ) mass

emissions [lb/hr (or tons/hr )] An SO 2(or CO 2 ) mo nito r and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the duct leading from each unit to the common stack;

or An SO 2(or CO 2 ) mo

nito r and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the co mmon st ac k and

rep ort the co mb ine d e mis si ons NO x emissi on r ate (lb/mmBtu) A NO x -dil uent moni tori ng system on each duct

leading from each unit to the common stack;

or A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em on th e comm on st ac k, sub je ct to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 1 He at input rate (mm Bt u/hr) A flow

monitor and a diluen t gas moni tor on th e duct leading from each unit to the common stack;

or A f lo wmo nito

r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o n the co mmon s tack

and appo rtion the co mmon s tack

heat input rate to the indiv

idual units on the basis

of unit load (i.e., electrical or steam load) Opacity (%) An opacity monitor on each un it, if r equired to do so

by anothe r St ate o r Fede ral re gul ati on; otherwise An an opacity monitor on the common stack.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

103 2 Is in the Ac id Rain

Progra m an d shar es a co mmon s tack

with at leas t one othe r unit that is not in the Ac

id Rain Prog ram SO 2(or CO 2 ) mass

emissions [lb/hr (or tons/hr )] An SO 2(or CO 2 ) mo nito r and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the duc t l ead in g fr om ea ch affect ed u ni t t o th e comm on stack; or An SO 2(or CO 2 ) mo

nito r and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the co mmon st ac k, sub

je ct to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 2 NO x emissi on r ate (lb/mmBtu) A NO x -dilue nt mo nito ring sy stem

o n the du ct le adi ng from each aff

ected unit to the co

mmon stack; or A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em on th e comm on sta ck a nd pet it ion th e Adm in ist ra tor un der §75 .6 6 for appr oval of a str ategy to app orti on th e common st ack emission r ate to the in dividual u nit s Heat in put r ate (mm Bt u/hr) A flow monitor an d a di luen t gas m onit or on t he du ct

leading from each affe

cted unit to the common stack; or A f lo wmo nito

r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o n the co mmon st ac k, sub

je ct to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 3 Opacity (%) An opacity monitor on each un it, if r equired to do so

by anothe r St ate o r Fede ral re gul ati on; otherwise An opacity

monitor on the common stack.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

104 3 Is in the Ac id Rain

Pro gram and e ithe r: (a) Has multiple exhaust stacks

or (b) Has multiple bre echings (i.e ., duc ts) lea di ng to a si ngle st ac k, a nd the owne r or oper at or elec ts to monitor in the breechings SO 2(or CO 2 ) mass

emissions [lb/hr (or tons/hr )] An SO 2(or CO 2 ) m oni tor an d a flow m oni tor on each stack or du ct and sum the measur ed mass emissions.

NO x emissi on r ate (lb/mmBtu) A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow moni tor on each st ack or d uct an d deter min e a Btu-we ighted NO x emiss ion rate f or the unit;

or If Appe ndix D is used to meas ure the

unit heat input, in stall a NO x -dil uent moni tori ng system on each sta ck or duct an d report t he hi ghest hourly NO x emi ssi on r at e r ecor ded by any of these sy stems as the emis sion rate f or the unit;

or If the co mbustion products are well-mixed, install a NO x -dilue

nt mo nito ring sy stem

o n o ne stack or duct 4

Heat in put r ate (mm Bt u/hr) A flow m oni tor an d a di lu en t g as m oni tor on

eac h stack o r duct and sum t

he mea sure d heat input rates f

or the unit;

or If the uni t uses Appendix D m ethodology, use th e measur ed hour ly fuel flow rates an d th e fuel GCV to quantify the unit heat input rateCase

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

105 4 Is in the Ac id Rain

Program and has a main stack- bypass stack exh au st con fig ur at ion SO 2(or CO 2 ) mass emissions [lb/hr (or tons/hr )] An SO 2(or CO 2 ) monitor and a f low monitor o

n both the main stack and the by pass stack;

or An SO 2(or CO 2 ) m oni tor an d a flow m oni tor onl y on the mai n st ac k and

during b y pas s ho urs , re po rt the maxim um potent ial SO 2con cen tr at ion 5 and t he approp riat e sub st itute data v alu es

f or fl ow rate and CO 2 NO x emissi on r ate (lb/mmBtu) A NO x -diluent monitoring sy stem o nly o n the main stack and report the maxi mum potential NO x emission r ate (MER) dur ing bypass hours;

or Follow the procedures f

or multiple stacks (Case 3(a), abov e) He at input rate (mm Bt u/hr) A fl ow

mo nito r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o n b ot h the main stack and the by

pass s tack;

or A fl ow mo nito r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o nly o n the main stack and repo

rt the appropriate su

bstitu te data val ues for flow r at e an d di lu en t g as c onc en tr at ion during by pas s ho urs Opacity (%) An o

pac ity mo nito r o n b ot h the mai n st ac k and by pass stack;

or An opac ity

monitor o

nly o n the main stack, sub

jec t to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 6Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

106 5 Is in the NO x Budget

Trad ing P rog ram o r the CAIR NO x Trad

ing Progra m(s) an d shar es a common stack wit h oth er af fe ct ed unit s i n the Pro gram (s ), b

ut no no naff ecte d units NO x mass emission s

( lb

/hr) A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or

on t he duc t l ead in g fr om ea ch un it to t he comm on stack 7 ;

or A NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow mo nito r o n the du ct le adi ng f rom ea ch u nit t o the common stack 8 ;

or A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or on th e common st ack 7 and report th e co mbined NO x mass emission s;

or A NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow moni tor on th e common st ack 8 and re po rt the combined NO x mas s e

mis si ons
He at input rate 9 (mm Bt u/hr) A flow monit or an d a di luen t gas m onit or on t he du ct

leading from each unit to the common stack;

or A f lo wmo nito

r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o n the co mmon s tack

and appo rtion the co mmon s tack

heat input rate to t he indiv idual u nits by loa d 10 ;

or If any unit is oil-o

r gas-fired, Appendix D meth odology (i.e., measu red fuel flow rates a nd fuel GCV) may b

e used to determine its unit h eat input rate . If this o pti on is se

le ct ed , a f lo wmo nito

r and dil uent mo nito r mus t b e i nst all ed

in the du ct le adi ng to t he co mmon s tack

fo r the remaining u

nits.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

107 6 Is in the NO x Budget

Trad ing P rog ram o r the CAIR NO x Trad

ing Progra m(s) an d shar es a co mmon s tack

with at least one non -affected unit NO x mas s e mis si ons ( lb

/hr) A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow

mon it or 7 o n the

du ct le adi ng f rom ea ch affected unit to the co mmon st ac k. A

lte rnati ve ly , if any o f the aff ec ted units is

oil - or gas-f

ired, f or that unit

an Appen dix D fuel flowmeter m ay be insta lled i n l ieu of th e sta ck fl ow mon it or ;

or A NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow mon it or 8 o n the

du ct le adi ng f rom ea ch affected unit to the c ommon s tack;

or A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or on the co mmon stac k, sub

je ct to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 11

. He at input rate 9 (mm Bt u/hr) Consistent with the NO x mas s e mis si ons mo nito ring option used 12 , ins tal l al l ne ce ss ary f lo wand d ilu ent gas mo nito rs o n the co mmon st ac k and

/o r o n the duc ts le ading f

rom the units to the c ommo

n stack. Alternati vely, if any unit is oil-o r gas-fired, Appendix D may be used to determine the heat in put rate fo r that unit.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

108 7 Is in the NO x Budget

Trad ing P rog ram o r the CAIR NO x Trad

ing Progra m(s) an d has a main stack an d by

pass stack exha ust con fig ur at ion NO x mass emission s ( lb

/hr) A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or

on each stack 7 . Alter nat ively, if the unit is oil- or gasfired, A ppendix D f

uel f low meters may

be used in li eu of i ns ta ll in g a sta ck fl ow mon it or ;

or A NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow moni tor on each st ack 8 ;

or A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or or a NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow mo nito r o nly o n the mai n st ac k, a

nd re po rt maximum potentia l values f or NO x and flo w rate whe n the b y pass stac k is u sed

.
He at input rate 9 (mm Bt u/hr) If

b ot h stac ks are

mo nito red , ins tal l f

lo wand d ilu ent gas m onit ors on ea ch sta ck ;

or If o nly the mai n st ac k is

mo nito red , ins tal l f

lo wand diluent gas monitors on the mai n stack and dur ing bypass hour s, use m axim um poten tia l flow rat e, maximum pote

ntial CO 2(or minimum pote ntial O 2 ) con cen tr at ion val ues i n t he he at in put ra te eq ua ti on ;

or If the unit is oil o

r gas-fire d, use Appendix D to deter min e the u ni t h eat in put r ate.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

109 8 Is in the NO x Budget

Program or th e CAIR NO x Tra ding Progra m(s) and e ithe r: (a) Has multiple exhaust stacks

or (b) Has multiple bre echings (i.e ., duc ts) lea di ng to a si ngle st ac k, a nd the owne r or oper at or elec ts to monitor in the ducts NO x mass emission s

( lb /hr) A NO x -di lu en t m oni tor in g syst em a nd a fl ow mon it or

on each stack or duct 7 and sum th e measured NO x mass emission s;

or A NO x con cen tr at ion mon it ori ng system an d a flow moni tor on each st ack or d uct 8 an d sum t he m easur ed NO x mass e

missions;

or If the unit is oil- or gas-fired, install a NO x -dilue nt sy stem o n only one s tack o

r duct, sub

jec t to c ertain co ndit io ns 13

.

He at input rate 9 (mm Bt u/hr) A flow monit or an d dil uent gas m onit or on ea ch

stack o r duct and sum the me asured heat input rates ;

or If the unit is oil- or gas-f ired and meets

certain criteria 13 , use

Appe ndix D to det ermine t he unit he at in put r ate. 9 Is in th e CAIR SO 2

Trad ing P rog ram a nd sha res a com mon st ack with other aff

ecte d units in the Program , but no non-aff ecte d units SO 2 mass emission s

( lb

/hr) Follow the guidelin es fo r SO 2mas s e

mis si ons in Ca se 1, above
He at input rate (mm Bt u/hr) Foll ow th e gu id eli ne s in Ca se 1, above

10 Is in th e CAIR SO 2

Trad ing P rog ram a nd sha res a com mon st ack with at lea st one oth er unit that is no t in t

he Prog ram SO 2 mass emission s

( lb

/hr) Follow the guidelin es fo r SO 2mas s e

mis si ons in Ca se 2, above
He at input rate (mm Bt u/hr) Foll ow th e gu id eli ne s in Ca se 2, aboveCase

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

110 11 Is in th e CAIR SO 2

Trad ing P rog ram a nd ei the r: (a) Has multiple exhaust stacks

or (b) Has multiple bre echings (i.e ., duc ts) lea di ng to a si ngle st ac k, a nd the owne r or oper at or elec ts to monitor in the ducts SO 2 mass emission s

( lb

/hr) Follow the guidelin es fo r SO 2mas s e

mis si ons in Ca se 3, above

He at input rate (mm Bt u/hr) Foll ow th e gu id eli ne s in Ca se 3, above

12 Is in th e Hg Budget

Tr adin g Progr am u nder CAMR and sh ares a common stack wit h oth er af fe ct ed unit s i n the Pro gram , but no

no naff ecte d units Hg mass emissions

( oz

/hr) A H

g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt trap sy stem and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the du ct le adi ng from each uni t to th e common st ack .If the units qual ify fo r th e low mass emi ssions opt ion u nder §75 .8 1(b) , t he Hg mon it ori ng system s ar e n ot required;

or A Hg co nce ntrat io n mo nito

ring sy stem

o r a s orb ent tr ap system a nd a flow monitor on th e common st ack and re po rt the co mb ine d H

g ma ssem

is si ons . If

the uni ts qua lify for the l ow mass emis sions opt ion u nder §75.81(b), the Hg monitoring system is not required.

He at input rate 9 (mm Bt u/hr) A flow monit or an d a di luen t gas m onit or on t he du ct

leading from each unit to the common stack;

or A f lo wmo nito

r and a dil uent ga s mo

nito r o n the co mmon s tack

and appo rtion the co mmon s tack

heat inpu t rat e t o the indi vi dua

l units b y lo ad, ac co

rding to §75. 16(e) 10

.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

111 13 Is in th e Hg Budget

Tr adin g Progr am u nder CAMR and sh ares a co mmon s tack

with at least one non -affected unit H g ma ssem is si ons 15 ( oz

/hr) A H

g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt trap sy stem and a f lo wmo nito

r o n the du ct le adi ng from ea ch affected unit to

the c ommo

n stack. If

an af fe ct ed unit qu ali fi es f or the lo wmas s e

mis si ons optio n under §75.81(b ), the H g monitoring sy stem is not required;

or A Hg co nce ntrat io n mo nito

ring sy stem

o r a s orb ent tr ap system a nd a flow monitor on th e common st ack , su bj ec t to ce rtai n co ndit io ns 14

14 Is in th e Hg Budget

Tr adin g Progr am u nder CAMR and has a main stack a nd bypass st ack exh au st con fig ur at ion H g ma ssem is si ons 15 ( oz

/hr) A H

g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt trap sy stem and a f lo wmo nito

r o n b ot h the mai n and by pas s s tac ks and sum t

he H g ma ssem

is si ons measured at the two

stacks ;

or A H g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt trap system and a flow

monitor on the main stack, use refe rence methods at the by

pass stack, and sum the Hg mass emis sions measured at the tw o stac ks;

or A H g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt trap sy stem and a f lo wmo nito

r o nly o n the mai n sta ck, an d r epor t t he ma xi mu m p oten ti al Hg concent ra tion an d substit ute da ta val ues for flow rat e, diluen t gas an d moistur e durin g by pass hour s. If

the un it qua li fies for th e low m ass emi ssi ons opt ion unde r §7 5.8 1(b

), t he H g mo nito ring sy stem

o n the main stack is not requir ed.Case

No. If

a u nit . . . Then

for th is pa ra m ete r . . . Ins tall the fo llo wing monito ring equip ment ** at

th ese lo ca ti on s . . .

112 15 Is in th e Hg Budget

Tr adin g Progr am u nder CA MR and e ithe r: (a) Has multiple exhaust stacks

or (b) Has multiple bre echings (i.e ., duc ts) lea di ng to a si ngle st ac k, a nd the owne r or oper at or elec ts to monitor in the ducts H g ma ssem is si ons 15 ( oz

/hr) A H

g c onc ent rati on mo nito

ring sy stem

o r so rbe nt tr ap system an d a flow m oni tor on ea ch sta ck or duc t, and sum the H

g mass emis sio ns measured at th e sta cks ( or d uct s). If th e un it qua li fies for th e low ma ss em iss ion s opt ion un der §75 .8 1(b) , t he Hg moni tori ng system s ar e not r equir ed113 Notes ----Tab le

II-A

** Alt hough not shown i n Case s 1 th rough 15 i n Tabl e II- A, in some i nsta nces, inst all ati on of a co ntinuo us mo isture monitoring sy stem will also be required. As described in Ta ble 7 in Section 3 .4 o f thi s gu ide, a c orrectio n fo r stac k g as mo isture i s some times requir

ed to acc urately det er min e t he emi ss ion s or hea t i npu t r at e. Whe n a cor re cti on for m oisture is needed, the owner or operator must ei ther us e an approved defaul t moisture value or insta ll a continuous moist ure monitoring system.

1 The com

pliance options available to the owner or o perator depend on: (a) which (if any ) of the un

its has a Part 76 NO x emiss ion limit;and (b ) the m

agn itude(s ) of

any suc h limit (s).

2 Compl ian ce op tion s include: (a) o pting the no n-a ff ected units

into the Program; (b) attributi ng all measured emissions to the aff ected units; (c) monito

ring the no n-a ff ected units

and u sin g a subtrac tive me thodo log y ; and (d) petitioning

EPA fo r approv al of an emission apportionment strategy . The owner o r operator must ensure that SO 2 or CO 2 mass emissions fro m the af fec ted unit(s) are no

t unde restim ated.

3 Th e owner o

r operator has the same basic co mpliance options f

or heat input rate as for SO 2 an d CO 2 mas s e mis si on s acco unting (see precedin

g f oo tnote). Once the co

mbined hea

t input rate of the affec

ted units has been quantified, i t must be appo rtioned to the ind ivid ual af fec ted un its, eith er on the b asis of

load o r according

to a strateg

y that has been approved by petition under §75.66.

4 Thi s opt ion may onl y be us ed if t he moni tor ed st ack or du ct ca nnot be b ypas se d ( e. g., wit h a d amp er ). The opt ion is also disal lowed if the monitored NO x emission rate is not representative of the emissions discharged to the atmo sphere

(e.g ., if there a re addi tional NO x emiss ion co ntrols downstre am o

f the mo nito red lo cati on)

.

5 Coal-fired

Acid R ai n Pr ogra m un it s wi th th is confi gur at ion have flue gas desul furization systems (scrubb ers) that reduce SO 2 emissions substantially (90 % or more , in most c ases). Therefore, during scrubber by pass hours, reporting the maximum potential SO 2 co

ncentration (or, if av ailable, data from a certified SO 2 mon itor at the c

ontro l devic e inlet) is appro

priate.

6 An opaci ty monit or is not r equ ir ed on t he b ypass sta ck if: (a) a Fe der al, Sta te, or local regu lat ion e xemp ts t he b ypass sta ck from op acit

y mo nito ring ; o r (b) A n o pac ity monitor is already

installed at the inlet of the add- on emiss ion co ntrols; o r (3) if visible em

issions o bservatio ns are made

using E PA Meth od 9 d uring by pass events.

7 These monitori ng systems are requi red if NO x mass is calcula ted by multiplying the NO x emission rate (lb/mmBtu) by the heat in put rat e (mm Btu/h r).

8 Thesemon

itoring sy stems are requ

ired of NO

x mass is calcula ted as t he product of NO x concent rat ion ( ppm) , st ack gas flow rate (sc fh), and a co

nve rsion fa cto r.

9 If heat input reporting is required by the regulation.

10 To use th is o ption, all units us ing

the c om mon stac k mus t hav

e the sa me F-fac tor.

11 Av ailable com pliance options include: (a) o pting the non-affected units int o the Program and reporti ng the combined NO x mass emissions; (b ) attr ibuti ng all of the NO x mass emissions meas ure d at the common st ack t o the affect ed u nit s; (c) installing a NO x -dil uen t moni tori ng syste m and a flow mon it or on t he d uct l ead ing fr om each non- affe cte d un it to t he common stack, and pet it ion in g to us e a s ubt ra cti ve me th odol ogy; or (d ) p et it ion in g for a ppr oval of a me th od of apportioning the NO x mass emissio

ns measured

at the co mmo n stack to the indiv idual units.

12 Depending on the co mpliance option used, heat input rate determinations may be nec essary at the co

mmon stac

k, in the ductw ork to

the aff ected un its, in the duc

twork of the non-af

fec ted units, o

r som e co mbinatio n of these.114 13 The c onditio

ns are: (a) Ap

pendix D m

ustbe used to

determine the heat input rate; (b) the co mbustio n prod ucts m ustbe wellmixed; (c) it mu st be impossible to by pass the monitored stack o r duct (e.g., with dampers); and (d) there must be no NO x emission co

ntrols downstream of

the monitored loc

ation.

14 The av ailable co

mplianc e optio

ns includ e: (a) attribute all of the Hg mass emissions measured at the comm on stack to

the aff ected uni t(s); (b) ins tal l a H g concent rat ion mon it orin g syste m or sor ben t tr ap s ystem a nd a flow moni tor on the duct leading from

each non- aff

ected uni t t o th e comm on st ack and pet it ion to us e a s ubt ra cti ve me th odol ogy for Hg m ass ( not e : if a non -af fec ted unit qualif

ies fo r the low mass emis sions o

ption un der§75.8 1(b), th

e Hg mo nito ring sy stem i s no t requi

red); or ( c) p etitio

n to use a m etho d o f ap

por tion ing the H g m

ass m easure d at the co mmo n stac k to the ind ivid ual un its

15 Subpart I o

f Part 75 doesnot directly address heat input rat e monitoring for this case. Ho

wever, the provisio

ns of §75.1 6(e), whi ch ar e r eq ui re d un de r Ca se 12 s ee m ap pr opr ia te for t hi s ca se , a ls o.115 

## APPENDIX III On-Going Q A Test R equirem ents for Ozone Season- Only Reporters116

The fol lowi ng Tabl e sum ma rizes the on- goi ng QA tes t req ui rem en ts f orso ur ce s t ha t : ( 1) ar e in t he NO xBudg et Pro gra m or in t he CAIR O zo ne Sea son T rad ing Pro gra m; a nd (2 ) a re el i gi b l e to reportNO xmas s e

m i ss i on s d ata

only durin g the ozone season, rather than y ear-round; and (3) el

ect t o u se t his op t ion:

Table III-A: On- Going QA Test Requirements

for O zone Sea son -O nly Rep ort ers
Perfor m these QA tests... On these

monitor ing sys tems ... At these times... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons... Daily calibrat ions (o uts ide o zo ne se aso n) Ga s an d flow

mo nito rs From the date and h our

of any R ATA o r linearity check pa ssed in th e "preozone season period" from 10/1 of

previous year th rou gh 4/ 30 of cur re nt year ; or Th rough out th e preozo ne seas on perio d, if an ozo ne season RATA from the previo

us y ear is used to v alidate data in the cu rrent o zo ne s ea so

n. ------- --------------

Daily calibrat ions (ins ide o zo ne s ea so

n) Ga s an d flow mo nito rs Througho

ut t he o zo ne season (5/1 th rough 9/30) ------- -------------- Dail y inter ference checks (o uts ide o zo ne se aso n) Fl ow

mo nito rs From the date and h our of any flow R

ATA pa ssed in th e pr e-oz one sea son per iod ------- --------------

Dail y inter ference checks (ins ide o zo ne s ea so

n) Fl ow

mo nito rs Throughout the

o zo ne sea son -- ------------------
Flow- to- loa d r at io or gross heat rat e test Flow m oni tor In 2 nd and 3 rd qu arte rs C Re

qui red o nly in Q A o pe rati ng qua rte rs

C Non loa d-based un its exem pted

C Com pl ex con fig ur at ion s ma y be exempted b

y petition under §75.66117 Table III -A (cont’d)

Perfor m these QA tests... On these

monitor ing sys tems ... At these times... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons... Linearity checks (o uts ide o zo ne se aso n) Gas

mo nito rs Any tim e dur in g th e preozon e sea son per iod from 10/1 o f previou s y

ear through 4/3 0 of cu

rrent y ear If the test is not c ompleted b y 4/30, the n eithe

r:

C A 168 oper ati ng h our gr ace period is allow

ed if a linearity check w as passed in the previous y ea r and i f the

unit o pe rate d f or < 336 ho urs in the

las t o zo ne sea son ; or

C If t h e g r a ce pe r i od do es n ot a pp l y, and t he test is done in the first 168o pe rati ng ho urs o f the o zo ne season, it coun ts as both th e preseason l in eari ty check an d th e 2 nd quarter test. Co

nditional data validation may be

used. Linearity checks (ins ide o zo ne s ea so

n) Gas mo nito rs In 2 nd and 3 rd quar ters C Th e lin eari ty check is r equir ed onl y in Q A o pe rati ng q uart ers48

. Fo r 2 nd qu arte

r, c ou nt only the operat in g hour s in May and June.

C If the test is do

ne in first 168 hours o f ozone s easo

n, it counts as bo th the pre-se ason linearity check a nd t he 2 nd quarter check.

C No gr ace p er iod s al lowed for these checks

C A “m ak e-u p” test can be performed w

ithin the first 168 op era ting ho urs o f nex

t qu arte r. Conditional data v alidatio n may be us ed.118 Table III -A (cont’d)

Perfor m these QA tests... On these

monitor ing sys tems ... At these times... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons... RA TA a nd Bias test Ga s an d flow

mo nito rs (Bias t est app lies to NO x an d flow m on i t or s, on l y) Pr e-oz one sea son per iod

from 10/1 of

previous year th rou gh 4/ 30 of current y ear C Not r equ ir ed i f RATA from previo us o zone s easo

n is able to val id at e da ta for p ar t or al l of cur re nt ozon e sea son

C If the res ults of this R ATA qualif y fo r an annual RATA fre que nc y, th is RA TA ma y be us ed to v ali dat e d ata f or ent ire cur re nt ozon e sea son

C If the res ults of this R ATA r eq ui r e a se m i a n n ua l fr eq ue n cy, this RATA may be

used to va lid ate data f or ent ire cu rrent ozo ne season (if tes t w as per form ed i n t he cur re nt year ) or only through 6

/30 o f c urrent y ear (if te st w as pe rf orm ed in the previ ou s y

ea r)

C If the RATA is required , but is not completed by

4/30, a 720 ope rating hour grace perio d is allow ed if a RATA waspasse

d in the previousyear and if the unit op era te d f or < 33 6 ho

urs in the la st oz one sea son

C If the RATA is required , but is not co mpl et ed b y 4/3 0 and the grace p eri od

do es no t apply

, the te st may b e p erf orm ed ins ide the cu rrent o zo ne s ea so

n, us ing t he con di ti ona l d at a va li da ti on procedures o

f § 75.20 (b )(3), subject to certain restr ictions.119 Table III -A (cont’d)

Perfor m these QA tests... On these

monitor ing sys tems ... At these times... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons... RATA and Bia s test Ga s an d flow

mo nito rs (Bias t est app lies to NO x an d flow m on i t or s, on l y) In sid e th e ozon e sea son

i.e ., i n 2 nd o r 3 rd quar ter C Re qui red o nly w hen a pre -o zo ne sea so n RATA

or a R ATA pe rf orm ed during t he l ast o zo ne seas on is not able

to quality ass ure data f or the ent ire cu rrent ozon e sea son

C All req uire d R ATA s ma y b e done in th e 2 nd o r 3 rd qua rt er in ste ad of pe rf orm ing R ATA s o uts ide the ozon e sea son

C An ozon e sea son RAT A m ay be used to va li da te d at a for pa rt or all of the next o zone s easo

n, if the R ATA re sults

qualif y fo r an annual frequency

, and if daily calibr ati ons (a nd i nt erferen ce che ck s i f app lic ab le ) are pe rf orm ed f rom 10 /1 o f cu rrent y ear throu gh 4/30 o

f the next y ear Flow- to- loa d r at io or gross heat rat e test Flow m oni tor In 2 nd and 3 rd qu arte rs C Re

qui red o nly in Q A o pe rati ng qua rte rs

C Non loa d-based un its exem pted

C Com pl ex con fig ur at ion s ma y be exempt ed by petition und er §75.66 Leak ch eck DP- type fl ow

mon it or In 2 nd and 3 rd qu arte rs C Re

qui red o nly in Q A o pe rati ng qua rte rs120 Table III -A (cont’d)

Perfor m these QA tests... On these

monitor ing sys tems ... At these times... With these qua lif ications a

nd ex cepti ons... Flowmeter accur acy test Fuel flowmeter Once every four "fuel fl ow me te r QA o pe rati ng quar ters" 50 C Include calendar quar ters outside th e ozone season when determi nin g the accur acy test de adl ine

C For o

rifice , nozzle and v enturity pe f low mete rs, visual in spection s ar e also r equir ed ev ery 3 y ea rs

C Th e opt ion al fuel flow-t o-l oad or gr oss h eat ra te t est (see s ecti on 2. 1. 7 of Ap pen di x D) ma y be perfor med in th e 2 nd and 3 rd quarte rs to ext end the interv al betwe en flowmeter accuracy tests, to up to 20qu arte

rs NO x emiss ion rate te st ing Appendix E

sy ste ms Once every 5 y ears (20 calend ar qu art ers) -------121 

## APPENDIX IV References122 APPENDI

X IV: Refer

ences The follow ing und er lined sec t ion n umber s in bold pr int r efer t o s ect ions o f this g uide. The re levant rul

e ci tation s f or e ach s ect ion o f t he do cu men t ar e lis t ed be ne at h t he se ct io n nu mbe r . All ref eren ced ru l e se cti ons a

re f rom V olu m e 40 of the C ode of

Fed eral Regu l ati ons. Section 1

C §§60. 4101 t hr ough 6 0.41 76 (i. e., t he CAM R rul e)

C §72.6

C §§75.1 thr ough 75.84 and Appendices A through K (i.e., th e Part 75 rule)

C §§76.5, 76.6, 76.7, a nd 76.13

C §§ 96.1 thr ough 96.88, and associated SIP regulations (i.e., the NO x Budget Trading Program )

C §§96.101 thr ough 96.188 (blueprint for CAIR NO x ann ual tradi ng program )

C §§96.20 1 thr ough 96.2 88 (blueprin t for CAIR SO 2ann ual tradi ng program )

C §§96.301 thr ough 96.388 (blueprint for CAIR NO x ozone season tradin g program) Secti on 2.1

C §§60.4110 thr ough 60.4114

C §72.2

C §§72.20 thr ough 72.25

C §96.2

C §§96.10 thr ough 96.14

C §§96.110 thr ough 96.114

C §§96.210 thr ough 96.214

C §§96.310 thr ough 96.314 Secti on 2.2

C §72.2

C §§75.10 thr ough 75.18

C §75.19

C §§75. 40 throu gh 75.48 (Sub part E)

C §75.66

C §§75.81 (a) and (b)

C Appendices D, E and G to Part 75 Secti on 2.3

C §§75.20

C §75.61(a)(1)

C §75.62123 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 2.4

C §72.2

C §§75.10 thr ough 75.19

C §75.20

C §§75.30 thr ough 75.39

C §§75.81 (a) and (b)

C Appendices D, E and G to Part 75 Secti on 2.5

C §75.19(c)(1)(iv)(D)

C §§1, 2.1 thr ough 2.4, and 2.6 of Part 75, Appendix B

C §§ 2.1.6 and 2.1. 7 of Part 75, Appendix D

C § 2.2 of Part 75, Appendix E

C Appendix K to Part 75 Secti on 2.6

C §60.4174

C §75.53

C §§75.57 thr ough 75.59

C §75.73

C §75.84

C §§96.74, 96.174, 96.274, a nd 96.374 Secti on 2.7

C §60.4174

C §§75.60 thr ough 75.64

C §75 .7 3(f)

C §§96.74, 96.174, 96.274, a nd 96.374 Secti on 3.1

C §72.2

C §§75.10 thr ough 75.18

C §75.20(d) Secti on 3.2

C §72.2

C §75.15

C Appendix K to Part 75124 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 3.4

C §75.10(d) Secti on 3.5

C Part

75 , Ap pendix F— Equ ati ons

C Method 19 in Appendix A-7 to Part 60 Secti on 3.6

C §75 .1 1(b)

C §75 .1 2(b)

C §75.66

C Part

75 , Ap pendix F— Equ ati ons

C Method 19 in Appendix A-7 to Part 60 Secti on 3.7

C §§75.16 thr ough 75.18

C §75.72

C §75.82 Secti on 3.8

C §§75.30 thr ough 75.39 Secti on 4.1

C §72.2 Secti on 4.2

C §§2.1 , 2.2 and 2 .3 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.3

C §2.1 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.4

C §§2.2

and 2.3 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.5

C §§3.1 , 3.2 and 3 .3 of Part 75, Appendix D125 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 4.6

C §3.4 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.7

C Table D-4 in §2.2 of Part 75, Appendix D

C Table D-5 in §2.3 of Part 75, Appendix D

C §§2.3 .5, 2.3. 6, and 2.3 .7 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.8

C §72.2

C §1.3 of Part 75, Appendix B

C §§2.1.6 and 2. 1.7of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 4.9

C §2.4 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti ons 5 .0 and 5 .1

C §72.2

C §75.74(c)(11)

C §§2.1 and 3.4 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 5.2

C §2.1 of Part 75, Appendix E Secti on 5.3

C §2.4 of Part 75, Appendix E Secti on 5.4

C Table D-4 in §2.2 of Part 75, Appendix D

C Table D-5 in §2.3 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 5.5

C §1.3 of Part 75, Appendix B

C §§2.2 and 2.3 of Part 75, Appendix E126 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 5.6

C §2.5 o

f P art 75, Appendix E Secti on 5.7

C §1.1 o

f P art 75, Appendix E Secti on 6.1

C §72.2

C §75.19 Secti on 6.1.1

C §72.2

C §75.19(a)(1) Secti on 6.1.2

C §§75.19(a)(2) thr ough (a)(4)

C §75 .20 (h) Secti on 6.1.3

C §§75.19(c)(1), (c)(3), and (c)(4) Secti on 6.1.4

C §75 .1 9(c )(1 )(i v) Secti on 6.1.5

C §75.19(c )(1)(iv

)(C) Secti on 6.1.6

C §§75. 19(c)( 2), ( d) an d (e) Secti on 6.1.7

C §75. 19(e) Secti on 6.1.8

C §§75.19(b)(2) and (b)(3)127 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 6.2

C §§60.4101 thr ough 60.4176

C §§75.80 thr ough 75.84 Secti on 7.2

C § 60. 417 4(b)

C §75.53

C § 75.62

C §§75. 73(c) a nd ( e)

C §75. 84(e) Secti on 7.3

C §60.4173

C §75.61(a)(1)

C §§96.73, 173, 273, an d 373 Secti on 7.4

C §60.4171

C §§75.20(c), (e) and (g)

C §75.70(d)

C §75.80(d)

C §§96.71, 171, 271, an d 371 Secti on 7.5

C §§60. 4171( c)(3) a nd 6 0.41 74(c)

C §75.20(a)(2)

C §75.63

C §75.70(d)

C §75.80(d)

C §§96.71, 171, 271, an d 371 Secti on 7.6

C §60.4171(c)(3)

C §75.20(a)(4)

C §75.70(d)

C §75.80(d)

C §§96.71, 171, 271, an d 371128 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d) Secti on 7.7

C Appendices A-1 through A-7 to Part 60

C §75.22

C §§5 and 6.5.10 of Part 75, Appendix A Secti on 7.8

C §3 of

Part 75, Appendix A

C §2.1.5 of Part 75, Appendix D Secti on 7.9

C §§2.1 thr ough 2.1.7 of Part 75, Appendix A

C §§2.2.2.1, 5.2, 6.2, 6.3.1, an d 6.3.2 of Part 75, Appendix A

C §§2.1.1 and 2. 1.4 of Part 75, Appendix B Section 7.10

C §60.4171

C §75 .2 0(b)

C §75.70(d)

C §75.80(d)

C §§96.71, 171, 271, an d 371 Secti ons 8 .1 and 8 .2

C §75.21

C §§75.74(c)(2) through (c)(5)

C §§2.1 thr ough 2.4 and 2.6 of Part 75, Appendix B

C §§ 2.1.6 and 2.1. 7 of Part 75, Appendix D

C §§2.2 and 2.3 of Part 75, Appendix E

C Appendix K to Part 75 Secti on 8.3

C §6.2 of Part 75, Appendix A

C §§2.2 and 2.3 of Part 75, Appendix B

C §§2.1.6 and 2. 1.7 of Part 75, Appendix D129 APPE NDIX I V: Referenc

es (cont’d)

Secti on 8.4

C §§ 6.2, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.5(b), 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.5. 2.1, and 7. 7 of Part 75, Appendix A

C §§2.1.1, 2.1.1. 1, 2.1.1.2, 2.1. 5, 2.2.5, an d 2.3.1.3 of Part 75, Appendix B Secti on 8.5

C §§75.74(c)(2) through (c)(5) Secti on 8.6

C §§3.2 and 3.3 of Part 75, Appendix A

C §§ 2.1.4 and 2.2. 5(b) of Part 75, Appendix B

C Figure 2 in Appendix B to Part 75 Secti on 8.7

C §75.61(a)(5) Secti on 8.8

C §75. 19(e)

C §§1.1 thr ough 1.3 and 1.5 of Part 75, Appendix B Section 9

C §75.20(b)(3)

C §§75.31 thr ough 75.39

C §75 .7 0(f)

C §75.74(c)(7)

C §75 .8 0(f)

C §2.4 of Part 75, Appendix D

C §2.5 of Part 75, Appendix E

C §5 of

Part 75, Appendix G Section 10

C §60.4174

C §§75.60 thr ough 75.64

C §75 .7 3(f)

C §75.84

C §§96.74, 174, 274, an d 374