# Antelope Valley Air Quality Management District

Final 

# Staff Report

Amendment of 

# Rule 218 – Stack Monitoring (Continuous Emission Monitoring)

and Adoption of Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications

Adopted on July 17, 2012

43301 D IVISION 

### S T 

### ., S UITE 

### 206, L ANCASTER 

### , C ALIFORNIA 

### 93535-4649 P HONE 

### (661) 723-8070 FAX (661) 723-3450This page intentionally left blank.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 TC

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 

### STAFF REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Rule 218 – Stack Monitoring (Continuous Emission Monitoring ) and Rule 218.1 - Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Speci fications

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT ..................

................................................... ...................... 1

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................

................................................... ......................... 1

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION .....................

................................................... .................... 2

IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST .............

................................................... ........... 3

V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS .........

................................................... ....... 4

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS .................

................................................... ....... 4 1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rule s & Regulations ...................... 4 a. Necessity ..................................

................................................... ......... 4 b. Authority ..................................

................................................... ......... 4 c. Clarity ....................................

................................................... ............ 4 d. Consistency ................................

................................................... ....... 4 e. Non-duplication ............................

................................................... .... 5 f. Reference ..................................

................................................... ......... 5 g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing .... ..................................... 5 2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Fede ral Submittals) ........................ 5 a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requireme nts ............................... 5 b. Public Notice and Comment .................. .............................................. 5 c. Availability of Document ...................

.................................................. 6 d. Notice to Specified Entities ...............

.................................................. 6 e. Public Hearing...............................

................................................... ..... 6 f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement ..... ....................................... 6 g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were F ollowed ..................... 6

B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS .. ....................................... 7

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ..........................

................................................... ................. 7 1. General ....................................

................................................... ...................... 7 2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness.............

................................................... ....... 7

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA) ..............

................................................... . 8

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ........ ......................................... 8 1. Potential Environmental Impacts ............

................................................... ...... 8 2. Mitigation of Impacts ......................

................................................... .............. 8TC-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 3. Alternative Methods of Compliance ..........

................................................... ... 9

F. PUBLIC REVIEW ..............................

................................................... ......................... 9

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION .....................

................................................... ....................... 9

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION .........................

................................................... ................. 9

B. EMISSIONS ..................................

................................................... ............................ 10

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS .......................

................................................... .......... 10

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY.......................

................................................... ....... 10

E. SIP HISTORY.................................

................................................... ........................... 16 1. SIP History ................................

................................................... .................. 16 2. SIP Analysis ...............................

................................................... ................. 17

Appendix A – Rule 218 and 218.1 Iterated Version ..

................................................... ...............A-1

Appendix B - Public Notice Documents ..............

................................................... .................... B-1

Appendix C - Public Comments and Responses ........

................................................... .............. C-1

Appendix D - California Environmental Quality Act D ocumentation ...................................... ..D-1

Appendix E - Bibliography .........................

................................................... .............................. E-1AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 1

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 

### STAFF REPORT Rule 218 – Stack Monitoring (Continuous Emission Monitoring) and Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations

I. PURPOSE OF STAFF REPORT
A staff report serves several discrete purposes. I ts primary purpose is to provide a summary and background material to the members of the Governing Board. This allows the members of the Governing Board to be fully informed before making any required decision. It also provides the documentation necessary for the Governing Board to make any findings, which are required by law to be made prior to the approval or adoption of a document. In addition, a staff report ensures that the correct procedures and proper docu mentation for approval or adoption of a document have been performed. Finally, the staff r eport provides evidence for defense against legal challenges regarding the propriety of the app roval or adoption of the document.

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On July 1, 1997 the Antelope Valley Air Pollution C ontrol District (AVAPCD) was created pursuant to statute (former H&S Code §40106, A.B. 2 66-Knight Ch. 542, statutes of 1996) and assumed all air pollution control responsibilities from the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) for the area of Los Angeles Count y outside the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). The SCAQMD rules in effect within the juri sdiction of the AVAPCD remained in effect until the AVAPCD Governing Board superceded, amended or rescinded them. On January 1, 2002 the AVAQMD was created pursuant to statute (H&S Code §41300 et seq.) to replace the AVAPCD. Once again the rules in effect at the time of the change remained in effect until the AVAQMD Governing Board superceded, amended or resci nded them.

The SCAQMD adopted Rule 218 on January 9, 1976, and subsequently amended this rule on April 1, 1977, August 5, 1977, April 6, 1979, and A ugust 7, 1981. The AVAPCD readopted Rule 218 – Stack Monitoring by statute on July 1, 1997 and the AVAQMD again re adopted Rule 218 by statute January 1, 2002. The AVAQMD subsequ ently amended Rule 218 on May 17, 2005, and submitted the rule to CARB on December 7, 2005. This rule amendment was approved into the State Implementation Plan (SIP) a t73 FR 51226 on September 2, 2008. Therefore, the May 17, 2005 version is the current version in the SIP.

The AVAQMD is proposing to amend Rule 218 – Stack Monitoring ( henceforth referred to by proposed title of

Continuous Emission Monitoring) in conjunction with the amendment of Rule 431.1 – Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels at the request of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Rule 431.1 will be amen ded in a separate action. Rule 431.1 requires facilities burning fuel gas to comply with Rule 218. USEPA commented that in conjunction with the 431.1 action the AVAQMD update Rule 218 using the 1999 version of SCAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 as a guide. The AVAQMD i s proposing to separate the administrative and technical provisions of current Rule 218 into two separate rules: Rule 218 – Continuous Emissions Monitoring , and new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Performance Specifications . Amended Rule 218 specifies the administrative re quirements for continuous emission monitoring including applicabil ity, the application and approval process for continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), comp liance dates, and record retention and reporting. Proposed new Rule 218.1 provides for CE MS certifications, performance specifications, and technical requirements for CEMS operation and maintenance. Staff has based the proposed rules on the May 14, 1999 version of S CAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1, per USEPA request.

The amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new r ule 218.1 was noticed for the May 15, 2012 Governing Board meeting. This hearing was con tinued to the June 19, 2012 meeting and again to the July 17, 2012 to address comments rece ived from USEPA requiring additional consultation with an affected facility.

III. STAFF RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Governing Board of the AV AQMD adopt, after conducting a public hearing, a resolution approving the amendment of Ru le 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications. The amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of Rul e 218.1 are necessary to address the request of USEPA to update the technica l and quality assurance requirements for continuous emission monitors in conjunction with th e amendment of Rule 431.1 – Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels . Rule 431.1 is proposed for amendment in a separa te action.

The Governing Board of the Antelope Valley Air Qual ity Management District amended Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and adopted new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications July 17, 2012.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 3

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 IV. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST
The findings and analysis as indicated below are re quired for the procedurally correct amendment of Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations . Each item is discussed, if applicable, in Section V below. Copies of document s are included in the appropriate Appendix.

FINDINGS REQUIRED FOR RULES & REGULATIONS

X Necessity

X Authority

X Clarity

X Consistency

X Non-duplication

X Reference

X Public Notice & Comment

X Public Hearing

REQUIREMENTS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SUBMISSION (SIP):

X Public Notice & Comment

X Availability of Document

X Notice to Specified Entities (State, Air Districts, USEPA, Other States)

X Public Hearing

X Legal Authority to adopt and implement the document.

X Applicable State laws and regulations were followed. ELEMENTS OF A FEDERAL SUBMISSION

X Elements as set forth in applicable Federal law or regulations.

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT REQUIREMENTS (CEQA):

N/A Ministerial Action

X Exemption

N/A Negative Declaration

N/A Environmental Impact Report

X Appropriate findings, if necessary.

N/A Public Notice & Comment

SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (RULES & REGULATIONS ONLY): X Environmental impacts of compliance.

N/A Mitigation of impacts.

N/A Alternative methods of compliance.

OTHER:

X Written analysis of existing air pollution contr ol requirements

N/A Economic Analysis

X Public Review4 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 V. DISCUSSION OF LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

A. REQUIRED ELEMENTS/FINDINGS

This section discusses the State of California stat utory requirements that apply to the proposed amendment of Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations . These are actions, that need to be performed, and/or info rmation, that must be provided in order to amend/adopt the rules in a procedurally correct manner.
1. State Findings Required for Adoption of Rules & Regulations:
Before adopting, amending, or repealing a rule or r egulation, the AVAQMD Governing Board is required to make findings of nec essity, authority, clarity, consistency, non-duplication, and reference based u pon relevant information presented at the hearing. The information below is provided to assist the AVAQMD Governing Board in making these findings.
a. Necessity:
The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 are necessary to address the USEPA request that the technical and quality assurance requirements of these rules be updated in conjunction with the amendment of Rule 431.1 – Sulfur Content in Gaseous Fuels . Rule 431.1 is proposed for amendment in a separate action.
b. Authority:
AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to California Hea lth and Safety Code (H&S Code) §40702 to adopt, amend or repeal ru les and regulations.
c. Clarity:
The proposed amendments to Rule 218 and proposed ne w Rule 218.1 are clear in that they are written so that the persons subject to the rules can easily understand the meaning.
d. Consistency:
The proposed amendments to Rule 218 and the adoptio n of proposed new Rule 218.1 are in harmony with, and not in conflict with or contradictory to, any state law or regulation, federal law or reg ulation, or court decisions because they update these rules to choose either th e standards and specifications according to the provisions of propo sed new Rule 218.1, or the applicable provisions of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B – Performance Specifications and Appendix F – Quality Assurance Procedures

.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 5

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12

e. Non-duplication:
The proposed amendments of Rule 218 and adoption of proposed new Rule 218.1 do not impose the same requirements as a n existing state or federal law or regulation. The District is adoptin g the amendments to Rule 218 and proposed new Rule 218.1 in response to USEP A comments and recommendations.

f. Reference:
AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code §4070 2 to adopt, amend or repeal rules and regulations.
g. Public Notice & Comment, Public Hearing:
Notice for the public hearing for the proposed amen dment of Rule 218 and proposed adoption of Rule 218.1 was published April 2, 2012 for the May 15, 2012 Governing Board meeting. This hearing was continued to the June 19, 2012 meeting and again to the July 17, 201 2 meeting to address comments received from USEPA requiring additional c onsultation with an affected facility. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice. See Appendix C for copies of comments, if any, and AVAQ MD responses.

2. Federal Elements (SIP Submittals, Other Federal Submittals).
Submittals to USEPA are required to include various elements depending upon the type of document submitted and the underlying F ederal law which requires the submittal. The information below indicates which e lements are required for the proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of Rule 218.1 and how they were satisfied.
a. Satisfaction of Underlying Federal Requirements:
The proposed amendments to Rule 218 and the adoptio n of proposed new Rule 218.1 are subject to all the requirements for a SIP submittal because Rule 218 and Rule 218.1 will be included in the AVA QMD SIP. USEPA comments directed the AVAQMD to update Rule 218 usi ng SCAQMD Rules 218 and 218.1 as amended in 1999 as a guide. These SCAQMD rules were SIP approved at 75 FR 32293 (June 8, 201 0). The criteria for determining completeness of SIP submissions are set forth in 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix V, 2.0.

b. Public Notice and Comment:
Notice for the public hearing for the proposed amen dment of Rule 218 and proposed adoption of Rule 218.1 was published April 2, 2012 for the May6 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 15, 2012 Governing Board meeting. This hearing was continued to the June 19, 2012 meeting and again to the July 17, 201 2 meeting to address comments received from USEPA requiring additional c onsultation with an affected facility. See Appendix “B” for a copy of the public notice.
c. Availability of Document:
Copies of proposed amended Rule 218 and proposed ne w Rule 218.1 and the accompanying draft staff report were made avail able to the public on April 2, 2012.
d. Notice to Specified Entities
Copies of proposed amended Rule 218 and proposed ne w Rule 218.1 and the accompanying draft staff report were mailed to all affected agencies, including but not limited to CARB and USEPA on Apri l 2, 2012.
e. Public Hearing:
Notice for the public hearing for the proposed amen dment of Rule 218 and proposed adoption of Rule 218.1 was published April 2, 2012 for the May 15, 2012 Governing Board meeting. This hearing was continued to the June 19, 2012 meeting and again to the July 17, 201 2 meeting to address comments received from USEPA requiring additional c onsultation with an affected facility.
f. Legal Authority to Adopt and Implement:
The AVAQMD has the authority pursuant to H&S Code § 40702 to adopt, amend, or repeal rules and regulations and to do su ch acts as may be necessary or proper to execute the duties imposed u pon the AVAQMD.
g. Applicable State Laws and Regulations Were Follo wed:
Public notice and hearing procedures pursuant to H& S Code §§40725- 40728 have been followed. See Section (V)(A)(1) ab ove for compliance with state findings required pursuant to H&S Code § 40727. See Section (V)(B) below for compliance with the required analy sis of existing requirements pursuant to H&S Code §40727.2. See Se ction (V)(C) for compliance with economic analysis requirements purs uant to H&S Code §40920.6. See Section (V)(D) below for compliance with provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 7

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 B. WRITTEN ANALYSIS OF EXISTING REQUIREMENTS
H&S Code §40727.2 requires air districts to prepare a written analysis of all existing federal air pollution control requirements that app ly to the same equipment or source type as the rule proposed for modification by the Distri ct. The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 are necessar y to address the USEPA request that the technical and quality assurance requirements of these rules be updated in conjunction with the amendment of Rule 431.1 – Sulfur Content in Gaseous Fuels . Therefore the preparation of a written analysis of existing pollu tion control requirements that apply to the same equipment or source type is not required.

C. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

1. General
The amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new R ule 218.1 will update the technical and quality assurance requirements of the se rules at the request of USEPA. There is only one source in the District that is cu rrently subject to the requirements of Rule 218 (Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Palm dale). This facility is already subject to the provisions of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B a nd F pursuant to permit conditions. The economic impacts of the amendment of Rule 218 a nd the adoption of new Rule 218.1 are expected to be insignificant to this faci lity since it is already subject to of the provisions of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F. Lockheed Martin has indicated that they are able to be in compliance with the provisions of these rules upon adoption.
The City of Palmdale is proposing to build two comb ustion turbine generators at the Palmdale Hybrid Power Project. Each Turbine is a n atural gas fueled, General Electric, 7FA combustion turbine generator block, producing a pproximately 255 MW(e) with a connected heat recovery steam generator and a steam condensing turbine, with maximum turbine heat input of 1736.4 MMBtu/hr. The se CEMS will be subject to the proposed requirements of the rule. The economic im pacts of the amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 are expected to be insignificant to this facility since it is already subject to of the provisions of 40 CFR 75 and 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F.
Waste Management operates two landfills, Lancaster Landfill and Antelope Valley Recycling and Disposal. Each landfill is su bject to the provisions of Rule 431.1, which does require CEMS, CFGMS, or an altern ative monitoring system. Both landfills have an approved alternative monitor ing method in lieu of CEMS for the gas flaring system, and therefore should no t be affected by the provisions of these rules.

2. Incremental Cost Effectiveness

Pursuant to H&S Code §40920.6, incremental cost eff ectiveness calculations are required for rules and regulations which are adopte d or amended to meet the8 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 California Clean Air Act requirements for Best Avai lable Retrofit Control Technology (BARCT) or “all feasible measures” to co ntrol volatile compounds, oxides of nitrogen or oxides of sulfur.
The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new Rule 218.1 are not subject to incremental cost effectiveness calculati ons because this rule does not impose BARCT or “all feasible measures”.

D. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS (CEQA)
Through the process described below, it was determi ned that a Notice of Exemption would be the appropriate CEQA process for the propo sed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of new Rule 218.1.
1. The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adopt ion of new Rule 218.1 meet the CEQA definition of “project.” The propose d project will provide procedural clarity for review and approval of CEMS, and delineate CEMS installation and testing requirements to facilitate compliance with applicable regulations. They are not “ministerial” actions.
2. The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adopt ion of new Rule 218.1 are exempt from CEQA review because these rules wil l have no significant effect on emissions or emission limits and will merely provide procedural clarity to an existing administrative ru le. The improvements in the technical and quality assurance requirements of these rules are more stringent than the current existing requirements, a nd there is no potential that the amendment/adoption might cause the release of additional air contaminants or create any adverse environmental im pacts. Therefore, a Class 8 categorical exemption (14 Cal. Code Reg. §1 5308) applies.

E. SUPPLEMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
1. Potential Environmental Impacts
The proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of Rule 218.1 do not have any potential environmental impacts because th ese rules are administrative in nature and specify CEMS approvals, standards, sp ecifications and requirements. Therefore, these rules do not have a ny impact upon emissions of air contaminants.
2. Mitigation of Impacts

N/AAVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 9

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12

3. Alternative Methods of Compliance

N/A

F. PUBLIC REVIEW
See Staff Report Section (V)(A)(1)(g) and (2)(b), a s well as Appendix B.

VI. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION

A. SOURCE DESCRIPTION
Rule 218 and 218.1 will apply to all sources for wh ich CEMS are required in District regulations or permit conditions, except as exempte d. Exemptions from these rules include: CEMS subject to Regulation IX – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources , Regulation X – National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Poll utants , or Rule 3010 – Acid Rain Provisions of Federal Operating Permits ; CEMS subject to permit conditions where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the performance of the basic and/or control equipment and not to determine compliance with any applicable limit or standard or; CEMS where alternative performance specifications are required by another District rule. Examples where Rule 218 and 218.1 apply are CEMS required under Rule 1110.2 – Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & Portable Inte rnal Combustion Engines , Rule 1134 – Stationary Gas Turbines , Rule 1135 – Emissions Of Oxides Of Nitrogen From Electric Power Generating S ystems , and Rule 1146 – Emissions of Oxides Of Nitrogen From Industrial, In stitutional, And Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, And Process Heaters

. Currently, there is one operating CEMS unit in the District located at Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Palmdale. The CEMS is a permi t requirement (permit number B006436) for Boiler No. 3 (Plant 10, Building 603), a 96 million Btu/hr boiler. Lockheed has indicated verbally that they will be in complia nce with these rules at the time of adoption.
The City of Palmdale is proposing to build two comb ustion turbine generators at the Palmdale Hybrid Power Project. Each Turbine is a n atural gas fueled, General Electric, 7FA combustion turbine generator block, producing a pproximately 255 MW(e) with a connected heat recovery steam generator and a steam condensing turbine, with maximum turbine heat input of 1736.4 MMBtu/hr. These CEMS will be subject to the proposed requirements of the rule.
Waste Management operates two landfills, Lancaster Landfill and Antelope Valley Recycling and Disposal. Each landfill is subject t o the provisions of Rule 431.1, which does require CEMS, CFGMS, or an alternative monitor ing system. Both landfills have an approved alternative monitoring method in lieu of C EMS for the gas flaring system.10 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 B. EMISSIONS

Rule 218 and 218.1 are administrative rules, and as such will have no significant effect on emissions or emission limits and will merely provid e procedural clarity to an existing rule. The improvements in the technical and qualit y assurance requirements of these rules are more stringent than the current existing requirements, and there is no potential that the amendment/adoption might cause the release of additional air contaminants or create any adverse environmental impacts.

C. CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Rule 218 and 218.1 are administrative rules specify ing CEMS approvals, standards, specifications and requirements, and do not impose any control requirements.

D. PROPOSED RULE SUMMARY
This section gives a brief overview of the proposed amendments to Rule 218 and proposed new Rule 218.1.
The District is proposing to divide the administrat ive and technical provisions of the current version of Rule 218 into two separate rules , amended Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications . Amended Rule 218 defines the applicability and s pecifies the administrative requirements for continuous emis sion monitoring including the application and approval process for CEMS, the opti on to choose alternative performance specifications, compliance dates, and record retent ion and reporting. New Rule 218.1 specifies CEMS certification, performance specifica tions, and technical requirements for CEMS operation and maintenance. Proposed amendment s to Rule 218 will delete obsolete language, clarify administrative requireme nts, and delete the CEMS performance specifications in the rule. Proposed new Rule 218. 1 will revise and identify these CEMS performance specifications to meet District require ments for approval.
Rule 218 and 218.1 will apply to all sources for wh ich CEMS are required in District regulations or permit conditions, except as exempte d. Exemptions from these rules include: CEMS subject to Regulation IX – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources , Regulation X – National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Poll utants , or Rule 3010 – Acid Rain Provisions of Federal Operating Permits ; CEMS subject to permit conditions where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the performance of the basic and/or control equipment and not to determine compliance with any applicable limit or standard or; CEMS where alternative performance specifications are required by another District rule.

USEPA recommended that the AVAQMD use the 1999 vers ion of SCAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 as a guide in updating the technical and quality assurance requirements of AVAQMD Rule 218. The proposed amendments to Rule 2 18 and proposed new RuleAVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 11

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 218.1 closely reflect the SCAQMD versions, with min or changes necessary for these rules to function properly in the AVAQMD. 1

Rule 218 Overview

Rule 218 has been reformatted to standard District format.

Section (A) – General
This rule applies to all CEMS that are required or specified in District rules and regulations including permit conditions. Examples are CEMS required under Rule 1110.2 – Emissions From Stationary, Non-road & Portable Inte rnal Combustion Engines , Rule 1134 – Stationary Gas Turbines , Rule 1135 – Emissions Of Oxides Of Nitrogen From Electric Power Generating Systems , and Rule 1146 – Emissions of Oxides Of Nitrogen From Industrial, Institutional, And Commercial Boilers, Steam Generators, And Process Heaters

. This rule exempts CEMS subject to Regulation IX – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources , Regulation X – National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants , or Rule 3010 – Acid Rain Provisions of Federal Operating Permits , or to permit conditions where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the performance of basic and/or control equipment and not to determine compliance with any applicable limit or standard. This rule shall not apply where alternative performance specifications are required by another District rule.
Previously, Rule 218 had no applicability within th e boundaries of the AVAQMD, because there were no sources subject to the applic ability limits. The proposed amendments of Rule 218 will make several facilities subject to the amended applicability, as there are several sources with CE MS required by permit condition. It is not anticipated that there will be any additional r equirements for these sources, as the permit conditions already specify CEMS meeting the requirements of 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F.

Section (B) – Definitions

Definitions have been relocated from former Section (G) to conform to standard District format.

New definitions are from SCAQMD Rule 218 unless oth erwise noted. All terms related to the performance specifications and technical req uirements have been relocated to proposed new Rule 218.1. New definitions include: Analyzer (previously part of Stack Monitoring System definition); Certified CEMS; Cont inuous Emissions Monitoring

1 Please refer to the South Coast Air Quality Managem ent District Staff Report for Proposed Amended Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and Proposed Rule 21 8.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Sp ecifications, 1999 (attachment H, May 14, 1999 Governing Board Ag enda Item No. 35)12 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 System (CEMS); Continuous Monitoring; Data Acquisit ion System (DAS); Laboratory Approval Program (LAP); Modification Requiring Rece rtification; Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Plan; Semi-Contin uous Emission Monitoring; Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring System (SCEMS); South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD); Time-Sharing; Working Day; and, Zero Check.

Definitions that have been removed: Calibration Dr ift; Calibration Error; Calibration Gas; Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval; Opera tional Period; Parts Per Million; Reference Method; Relative Accuracy; Response Time; Span Cell; Stack Monitoring System, or Monitoring System; Use Factor; Zero Cali bration Reflector; and, Zero Drift.
Section (C) – Monitoring Requirements for New, Modi fied and Existing CEMS
The owner or operator of any equipment subject to t his rule shall provide, properly install, operate and maintain in calibration and, i n good working order a certified CEMS to measure concentration and/or emission rates, as applicable, of air contaminants and diluent gases, flow rates, and other required param eters. The necessary records and other data necessary to calculate air contaminant e mission rates shall be provided as specified in Sections (F) and (G).
Section (D) – Requirements for New and Modified CEM S and SCEMS
This section provides a schedule for the applicatio n and approval of CEMS and SCEMS. The application shall specify if the CEMS s hall be reviewed and certified according to the provisions of Rule 218.1 or the ap plicable provisions of 40 CFR 60, Appendix B and F. It is specified that CEMS or SCE MS shall be certified as configured for normal operation. It is also specified that CE MS/SCEMS electing the performance specifications of Rule 218.1 shall submit a QA/QC p lan.
Section (E) – Requirements for Existing CEMS and SC EMS
CEMS and SCEMS installed and given approval prior t o the amendment of this rule must meet the requirements of Rule 218 Section C – Monitoring Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS, Section F – Retention o f Records for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS, Section G - Reporting Requ irements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS, and Section H - Postin g of Written Approval for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS. These u nits shall also meet the requirements of Rule 218.1 Section D – Standard for Existing CEMS and Section E – Standards, Specifications and Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS.
A CEMS or SCEMS application for initial and final a pproval submitted prior to the amendment of this rule shall be reviewed and approv ed according to the specifications and requirements of Rule 218.1 Section D – Standard for Existing CEMS and Section E – Standards, Specifications and Requirements for Ne w, Modified and Existing CEMS. After final approval, the CEMS shall be operated an d maintained according to the provisions of Rule 218 Section C – Monitoring Requi rements for New, Modified andAVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 13

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12

Existing CEMS, Section F – Retention of Records for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS, Section G - Reporting Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS, and Section H - Posting of Written Approval for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS. These units shall also meet the requirements of Rule 218.1 Section D – Standard for Existing CEMS and Section E – Standards, Specifications and Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS.
CEMS and SCEMS requiring recertification shall be r eviewed and approved according to the applicable provisions of Rule 218.1 or 40 CF R 60 Appendix B and F.

This section has been removed. Lockheed has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time prov ision is not necessary. Existing CEMS will be allowed seven (7) years from the date of amendment to comply with the provisions of Rule 218 and 218.1. This requirement may be waived for a period of three (3) years if the owner or operator demonstrat es that the CEMS is providing data of a quality commensurate with the original performanc e specifications and other indicators of consistent data quality. The owner o r operator may reapply for the waiver every three (3) years under certain conditions.
The owner or operator of an existing CEMS shall dev elop and implement a written QA/QC plan no later than one (1) year from the date of rule amendment.

This section has been removed. Lockheed has indicated that they are compliant wi th the provisions of the rule and the additional time prov ision is not necessary. On or before six (6) years from the date of the rule amendment, the owner or operator of any existing CEMS shall submit either: a signed certification by an authorized representative; an application for CEMS modification; or, an applicati on for waiver.
The owner or operator of an existing SCEMS operatin g on or before the date of the rule amendment shall be required to comply with the prov isions of Rule 218.1 Section (F) – Time-Sharing requirements, Section (C) – Standards for New or Modified CEMS, and Section (E) – Standards, Specifications and Require ments for New, Modified and Existing CEMS, or 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F as app licable when the equipment served by the time-shared SCEMS is modified such th at: one or more of the sources monitored requires a new monitoring range; the oper ating permit is modified to require continuous monitoring; or, an applicable source spe cific rule is adopted or revised to require continuous monitoring.

Section (F) – Retention of Records for New, Modifie d and Existing CEMS and SCEMS
Records shall be maintained for five (5) years. Th is is a change from the SCAQMD rule, and was made pursuant to USEPA recommendation in the USEPA Region IX TSD for SCAQMD Rule 218, March 18, 2010.14 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Section (G) – Reporting Requirements for New, Modif ied and Existing CEMS and SCEMS
Every six (6) months, the owner or operator of a CE MS shall provide a summary of the concentration and/or emission rate data, as applica ble, obtained from the CEMS, as well as any additional information specified by the APCO , to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. More frequent repor ting may be required. The summary report shall be submitted 30 days following the period being reported. The summary shall be maintained on-site in a retrievabl e and readable form and made available to the APCO upon request.
Any concentration level and/or emission rate in exc ess of the regulated limit shall be reported within 24 hours or the next working day. The report shall include specified information.
In the event of system failure or shutdown that exc eeds 24 hours, the APCO shall be notified within 24 hours or the next working day. Compliance with Section (C) - Monitoring Requirements for New, Modified and Exist ing CEMS will be waived for 96 hours in the event of CEMS failure or shutdown. Th is waiver may be extended if a petition for an interim variance is filed pursuant to Regulation V – Procedures Before the Hearing Board

and shall terminate at the time the hearing board acts upon such variance petition.
Regularly scheduled CEMS maintenance shall be defer red until the report is made following a concentration level or emission rate in excess of the regulated limit.
Continuous emission monitoring requirements shall n ot apply during regular calibration checks of the system, or routine maintenance and re pair lasting 60 minutes or less.
Section (H) – Posting of Written Approval for New, Modified and Existing CEMS and SCEMS

Minor clarification has been made to reference Rule 206 requirements, as well as safe accessibility.

Rule 218.1 Overview

Rule 218.1 has been formatted to standard District format.

Section (A) – General
Proposed new Rule 218.1 provides for the performanc e specification standards for new, modified and existing CEMS as required by the appli cability of Rule 218. The standards for existing CEMS, which have been remove d from Rule 218 and incorporated into Rule 218.1, have been made with m inor revisions for technical clarification. The proposed rule also includes eac h equation(s) necessary to calculate for CEMS performance that corresponds to each standard specification.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 15

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Section (B) – Definitions
To provide technical clarity and applicability, the definitions for the following have been deleted (or duplicated) from Rule 218, revised and incorporated into Rule 218.1: Analyzer; Calibration Drift; Calibration Error; CEM S; Certified Gas Mixture; Confidence Coefficient; Data Recorder; Full Span Ra nge; Relative Accuracy; Relative Accuracy Audit; Relative Accuracy Test Audit; Sampl ing Interface; and, Zero Drift. Additional definitions provided are: CEMS Availabi lity Percentage; Continuous Monitoring; Operational Period; Quality Assurance/Q uality Control Plan; Modification Requiring Recertification; and, Linearity Error.

Section (C) – Standards for New or Modified CEMS
Standards that apply to new and modified CEMS inclu de specifications and requirements for installation and sample location, certification tests, relative accuracy tests and the performance specifications for the su bsequent operation and maintenance of the installed CEMS after District certification. A CEMS meeting these standards is considered capable of providing quality assured dat a for compliance purposes.
Section (D) – Standards for Existing CEMS
Standards that apply to existing CEMS include opera tional requirements and performance specifications, as well as the standard s, specifications and requirements for new, modified and existing CEMS in the following Se ction (E).
Section (E) – Standards, Specifications and Require ments for New, Modified and Existing CEMS
Standards, specifications and requirements for new, modified and existing CEMS cover calibration gas and zero gas criteria.
Section (F) – Time-Sharing Requirements
Time-shared CEMS for which application is submitted after the date of rule adoption shall meet all performance standards listed.
Table 1 – The official test methods employed by the District to determine compliance with the rules or permit conditions.
Attachment A – Supplemental and alternative CEMS pe rformance standards16 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 E. SIP HISTORY
1. SIP History.
Prior to 1975 the original air district for the Ant elope Valley region was the Los Angeles County APCD that had jurisdiction covering the enti re county of Los Angeles. In 1975, the Southern California Air Pollution Control Distr ict (So. Cal. APCD) was created by a Joint Powers Agreement (JPA) between Los Angeles, O range, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties to replace the previous countyw ide air pollution control districts for those counties. The So. Cal. APCD adopted rule 218 on January 9, 1976. On February 1, 1977, pursuant to statute (Cal. Stats. 1976, Ch 324 p. 815), the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) was create d with an initial jurisdiction that only included areas of Los Angeles, Orange, Ri verside and San Bernardino Counties contained within the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). Outlying areas remained under the So. Cal. APCD (The legislation was therea fter amended to allow non-SCAB areas to “opt in”. Los Angeles County exercised th is option and thus the Antelope Valley became a part of SCAQMD). Also on February 1, 1977 the California Air Resources Board (CARB) issued Executive Order G-73 (1977) which adopted a “rule book” for those non-SCAB areas of Los Angeles, Rive rside and San Bernardino Counties. CARB submitted the G-73 rulebook on beha lf of the “county” districts and these rule books included Rule 218. By its terms E xecutive Order G-73 (1977) was only effective until the non-SCAB areas took other action. On February 22, 1977 the JPA forming the So. Cal. APCD was formally dissolve d. By the terms of the JPA upon dissolution each county would regain its county air pollution control district with a jurisdiction of the non-SCAB areas of the county an d the applicable rules being the So. Cal. APCD’s rules in effect upon the date of dissol ution. Thus, as of February 22, 1977 the version of Rule 218 for the SCAQMD reverted fro m the G-73 (1977) CARB version back to the original So. Cal. APCD September 3, 197 6 version. Between 1976 and 1997 Rule 218 was amended numerous times by SCAQMD. Specifically, it was amended on April 1, 1977, August 5, 1977, April 6, 1979, and August 7, 1981.
On July 1, 1997 the Antelope Valley Air Pollution C ontrol District (AVAPCD) replaced the SCAQMD as the agency with jurisdiction over the Los Angeles County portion of the Mojave Desert Air Basin (MDAB). Pursuant to th e statutory change, the rules and regulations of the predecessor district were retain ed until the Governing Board adopted, amended or rescinded them. At its first meeting th e AVAPCD reaffirmed all the existing rules and regulations thus the version in effect at the time of the change was the August 7, 1981 version.
On January 1, 2002 the AVAPCD was replaced by the A VAQMD. Once again, pursuant to statute, the rules in effect were retai ned until the Governing Board adopted, amended, or rescinded. Similarly, at the first mee ting of the AVAQMD, the Governing Boards reaffirmed all the rules and regulations in effect at the time the agency changed.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 17

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12

The AVAQMD most recently amended Rule 218 on May 17 , 2005, and this is the current version in the rule book.
The jurisdiction of the AVAPCD and the AVAQMD were specified in the statutes as the portion of the Los Angeles County contained wit hin the MDAB. The MDAB was formerly known as the Southeast Desert Air Basin (S EDAB). In 1997 the SEDAB was split into the MDAB and the Salton Sea Air Basin. Descriptions of these air basins can be found in 17 Cal. Code Regs. §§60109 and 60144. Since USEPA adopts SIP revisions in California as effective within jurisdi ctional boundaries of local air districts, when the local air district boundaries change the S IP as approved by USEPA for that area up to the date of the change remains as the SI P in that particular area. Thus, upon creation of the AVAPCD on July 1, 1997 the AVAPCD a cquired the SIP applicable to the Antelope Valley portion of the SCAQMD that was effective as of June 30, 1997. Likewise the AVAQMD acquired the SIP that was effec tive in the jurisdiction of the AVAPCD as of December 31, 2000. Therefore, the SIP history for this region is based upon the rules adopted, effective, and approved for the Antelope Valley by SCAQMD.
The last amendment prior to the creation of the AVA PCD was the August 7, 1981 version of SCAQMD Rule 218. This version was submi tted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) on October 23, 1981 for incl usion in the State Implementation Plan (SIP) and was approved into the SIP on July 6, 1982 (47 FR 29231).
The AVAQMD subsequently amended Rule 218 on May 17, 2005, and submitted the rule to CARB on December 7, 2005. This rule amendm ent was approved into the SIP at73 FR 51226 on September 2, 2008. Therefore, the May 17, 2005 version is the current version in the SIP.
2. SIP Analysis.
Rule 218 has been amended to address the USEPA requ est that the technical and quality assurance requirements of these rules be up dated in conjunction with the amendment of Rule 431.1 – Sulfur Content in Gaseous Fuels . The AVAQMD will request that CARB submit Rule 218 – Continuing Emission Monitoring to replace the existing October 23, 1981 version, in t he SIP.
The AVAQMD will request that CARB submit Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications as a new rule for inclusion in the State Implementation Plan.18 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 A

- 1

Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 

### APPENDIX "A"

Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring and Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations Iterated Version

The iterated version is provided so that the change s to an existing rule may be easily found. The man ner of differentiating text is as follows:

1. Shaded text identifies new or revised language.

2. Lined out text identifies language which is bei ng deleted.

3. Normal text identifies the current language of t he current rule which will remain unchanged by the adoption of the proposed amendments.

4. Italicized text

identifies explanatory material that is not part o f the proposed language.A-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.( Adopted: 1/ 9/76; Amended: 4/1/77; Amended: 8/5/77; Amended: 4/6/79; Amended: 8 / 7/81; Readopted by Statute: 07/01/97; Readopted by Statute: 01/01/02; Amended: 5/17/05; Amended: mm/dd/yy)

AVAQMD RULE 218 218-1 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 

## RULE 218

Stack Continuous Emission Monitoring

(A) General

(1) Purpose
(a) The purpose of this rule is to specify Continuo us Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) approvals and standards.
(2) Applicability
(a) The provisions of this rule shall apply to all sources that require CEMS as specified in the regulations or permit conditions, with the following exceptions: [Derived from SCAQMD Rule 218 §(b) (1) .]
(i) This rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to Re gulation IX – Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources , Regulation X – National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Poll utants , or Rule 3010 – Acid Rain Provisions of Federal Operating Permits

. (ii) This rule shall not apply to CEMS subject to p ermit conditions where the purpose of the CEMS is to monitor the per formance of the basic and/or control equipment and not to deter mine compliance with any applicable limit or standard. (iii) This rule shall not apply to CEMS where alter native performance specifications are required by another District rul e. 

### (B) Definitions

[Relocated from former section (G). New definition s are from SCAQMD Rule 218 unless otherwise indicated.]

(1) “Analyzer” – The part of the CEMS that analyzes the appropriate gaseous constituents of the conditioned gaseous sample or m easures stack gas volumetric flow and fuel flow rates, as applicable.218-2 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (a) Contaminant Analyzer

– The part of the CEMS that detects the air contaminant and represents those concentrations in a signal output.
(b) Diluent Analyzer

– The part of the CEMS that detects oxygen, carbon dioxide or other D iluent G as concentrations and represents those concentrations in a signal output.

(c) Fuel Flowmeter

– The part of the CEMS that detects the parameters o f all essential measurement sub-systems (e.g., temperatur e, pressure, differential pressure, frequency, gas density, gas composition, heating value) and generates signal outputs which are a fun ction of the fuel flow rate and all essential measurement subsystem parame ters.
(d) Stack Flowmeter

– The part of the CEMS that detects the parameters f rom all essential measurement sub-systems (e.g., temper ature, static and atmospheric pressure, gas density, gas composition, molecular weight, gas moisture content) and generates signal outputs whic h are a function of the stack gas volumetric flow rate and all essential me asurement sub-system parameters.
(2) “ Calibration ”

– A procedure performed to ensure that the CEMS accu rately measures and records air contaminant or D iluent G as concentration, flow rate and other parameters necessary to generate data, as evi denced by C alibration C hecks, and achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjust ment.An operating condition of the monitoring system whereby the system is accu rately recording the concentration of the specific air contaminant or di luent gas as evidenced by calibration checks, achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjustment. [Modified for consistency with SCAQMD Rule 218 defi nition.]

(3) “ Calibration Check ”

– A procedure performed to determine the CEMS respon se of the systemto a given gaseous compound concentration by means of injecting a certified calibration gas mixture into the system, or the insertion of a span cell into the internal light path of the analyzer. A certifi ed c alibration gas mixture is injected into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.
(3) Calibration Drift** - The change in the monitor ing system output over a stated time period of normal continuous operation when the air contaminant or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements i s the same known upscale value, or simulated to be the same upscale value by use of a span cell.

(4) Calibration Error** - The difference between th e air contaminant or diluent gas concentration indicated by the monitoring system an d the known concentration of the span gas or the equivalent rating of the span c ell.
(4) “Certified CEMS” – A CEMS installed, tested, op erated, maintained, and calibrated according to the applicable requirements of Rule 218, and that has metAVAQMD RULE 218 218-3

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 the applicable performance specifications according to Rule 218 (D)(1)(b), and,

has received written approval and conditions theret o applying, from the APCO.

(5) Calibration Gas - A mixture of the air contamin ant gas, or carbon dioxide or oxygen in a diluent gas, which, when periodically i ntroduced into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's accuracy.

(5) “ Certified Gas Mixture ”

– A gas mixture manufactured, analyzed and certified according to “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay a nd Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards” – EPA-600/R97/121, September 1997 Revision (EPA Protocol) or any subsequent version published by EP A. This definition incorporates by reference EPA Protocol. A mixture analyzed, by replicate samples, by the manufacturer by referring to Nation al Bureau of Standards Reference Materials, such that a statement of the p recision of the analysis can be made. [Modified for consistency with SCAQMD rule definiti on.]
(6) “Continuous Emissions Monitoring System” (CEMS) – The total combined equipment and systems required to continuously dete rmine air contaminants and D iluent G as concentrations and/or mass emission rate of a so urce effluent (as applicable). The CEMS consists of three major subs ystems: Sampling I nterface, A nalyzer, and D ata A cquisition S ystem.
(7) “Continuous Monitoring” – Monitoring in which a minimum of one (1) measurement (e.g., concentration, mass emission, fl ow rate) is taken and recorded each minute.
(8) “Data Acquisition System” (DAS) – The part of t he CEMS that processes data generated by the A nalyzer and records the results, thus creating a pe rmanent record of the output signal in terms of concentrati on, flow rate, and/or any other applicable parameter necessary to generate the requ ired data in units of applicable standard. The DAS consists of all equipment, such as a computer, required to convert the original recorded values to any values required for reporting.

(9) “ Diluent Gas ”

– A gas present in a calibration gas mixture or in t he source emissions from a source which is present in quantit ies significantly larger than the air contaminant.
(10) “Laboratory Approval Program” (LAP) – A progra m administered by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) that grants test-methodspecific approvals to independent testing laborator ies or firms that perform tests to determine source compliance with SCAQMD rules and r egulations.
(11) “Modification Requiring Recertification” – Any change to the basic equipment, control equipment, contaminant concentration, inter fering substances, or CEMS (or SCEMS) that is deemed by the APCO to have a pot ential for adversely affecting the ability of the CEMS to provide accura te, precise and timely data218-4 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 representative of the stack emissions for which the CEMS (or SCEMS) is required.
(8) Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval - The s tatistically determined range within which there is a ninety-five percent (95%) p robability all values determined will lie.
(9) Operational Period - A minimum period of time d uring which the monitoring system shall operate, according to the performance and equipment specifications, without unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustm ent.
(10) Parts Per Million - A volume concentration mea surement, indicating the volumetric quantity of the gas in question, dispers ed in one million volumes of gas mixture, reported on a dry basis.
(12) “Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Pla n” – A written document in which the specific procedures for the operation, C alibration
, and maintenance of a Certified CEMS are described in detail, including a dditional quality assurance assessments and the corrective action system. The purpose of this plan is to ensure that the CEMS generates, collects
, and reports valid data that is precise, accurate, complete, and of a quality that meets the requirements, performance specifications, and standards of Rules 218 and 218. 1.

(11) Reference Method - The official test method em ployed by the District to determine compliance with the rules.
(12) Relative Accuracy - The degree of correctness with which the monitoring system yields the value of gas concentration of a sample r elative to the value given by the reference method or to the allowed concentration. This accuracy is expressed in terms of error, which is the absolute value of the mean of the differences between the pared concentration measurements plus the absol ute value of the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval. It is expressed as a percentage of the mean reference method value or of the allowed concentrat ion. When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration to a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the relative accuracy requirement sh all apply to the corrected concentration value.
(13) Response Time - The time interval from a step change in the air contaminant or gas diluent concentration at the input to the monit oring system to the time at which ninety-five percent (95%) of the correspondin g final value is reached as displayed on the monitoring system data recorder.

(13) “ Routine Maintenance ”

– Preventive evaluation and repair (if necessary) of CEMS performed at specified intervals to preclude S ystem F ailure. Routine M aintenance may be performed as recommended by the manufacturer or a documented standard operating procedure determined through operating ex perience and approved by theAVAQMD RULE 218 218-5

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 Executive OfficerAPCO . Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded f rom this definition.An operation, recommended by the ma nufacturer, to be performed at specified intervals, to preclude system failure. Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this definition.
(15) Span Cell - A sealed cell of fixed length, con taining a known concentration of an air contaminant, which is inserted into the internal li ght path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output that corresponds to a known concentration of that air contaminant.
(16) Stack Monitoring System, or Monitoring System - The total equipment required for the determination of concentrations of air cont aminants and diluent gases in a source effluent. The system consists of three majo r subsystems:

(14) “ Sampling Interface ”

– That part of the CEMS that performs one or more of the following operations: delineation, acquisition, tra nsportation, and conditioning of a sample of the source effluent or protection of th e analyzer from the hostile aspects of the sample or source environment. sample acquisition using one or more of the following operations: extraction, phys ical/chemical separation, transportation or conditioning of a representative sample from a designated

source.
(b) Analyzer
(i) Air Contaminant Analyzer - that portion of the monitoring system that senses the air contaminant and generates a sig nal output that is a function of the concentration of that gas. (ii) Diluent Analyzer - that portion of the monitor ing system that senses the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxid e and generates a signal output that is a function of the concentra tion of that gas. This subsystem is required only for sources noted i n a (a)(1)(A). (c) Data Recorder - that portion of the monitoring system that provides a permanent record of the output signal in terms of c oncentration units, including additional equipment such as computers re quired to convert the original recorded value to any value required for r eporting. [See (B)(1) and (B)(8).]
(15) “Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring” – A moni toring technique in which a minimum of one (1) measurement (e.g., concentration , mass emission, flow rate) is taken and recorded every fifteen ( 15 ) minutes.
(16) “Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring System” ( SCEMS) – The total combined equipment and systems to semi-continuously determin e air contaminant and D iluent G as concentrations and/or the mass emission rate in a source effluent (as applicable). The system consists of three (3) majo r subsystems: S ampling218-6 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 I nterface, A nalyzer and DASata cquisition ystem . This class of monitoring includes, but is not limited to, gas chromatography , integrated sensitized tape analyzer, other sample integration based technologi es, and T ime- S hared CEMS.
(17) “South Coast Air Quality Management District” (SCAQMD)

– The air quality district created pursuant to Division 26, Part 3, C hapter 5.5 of the California Health & Safety Code (commencing with §40400). [Derived from AVAQMD Rule 1124.]

(18) “ System Failure ”

– Inability of the CEMS to meet the requirements of Rule 218.1

– Continuing Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations , or, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 – “Protection of Envi ronment,” Part 60 – “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources,” Appendi x F – Quality Assurance Procedures.”occurs anytime the monitoring system is suspected or known to be unable to meet the requirements of (c)(2) or (b)(2) , as applicable.

(19) “Time - Sharing” – A monitoring technique where an A nalyzer, and possibly the associated sampling conditioning system, is used on more than one source.
(18) Use Factor - The amount of time used per year divided by the amount of time available for use per year, expressed as a percent.
(20) “Working Day” – Monday through Friday, excludi ng holidays.
(21) “Zero Check” – A procedure performed to determ ine the response of the CEMS to a given Z ero G as standard by means of injecting the Z ero G as into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.

(19) Zero Calibration Reflector - A device which i s inserted into the internal light path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output tha t simulates a zero gas concentration.
(20) Zero Drift** - The change in the monitoring sy stem over a stated period of time of normal continuous operation when the air contaminan t or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements is ze ro, or is simulated to be zero by use of a zero calibration reflector.

(22) “ Zero Gas ” – A gas containing less than a specified amount of the air contaminant

or D iluent G as which, when periodically injected into the CEMSm onitoring system, is used to check CEMS that system's respons e to the absence of the air contaminant or D iluent G as.
*The operational period test performed prior to fi nal approval shall be preceded by a one hundred sixty eight (168) hour (minimum) cond itioning period during which the system shall be operated without unscheduled ma intenance, repair, or adjustment.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-7

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 **Expressed as the sum of the mean value plus the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval of a series of tests.


### ( AC ) Stack Monitoring Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS

(1) The owner or operator of any equipment described belowsubject to this rule shall provide ,; properly install, operate and maintain in calibrationCalibration and, in good working order and in operation; approved stack monitoring systems a C ertified CEMS to measure the concentration and/or emission rates, as applicable, of the following air contaminants and diluent Diluent gasesGases , flow rates, and other required parameters in the emissions from the sources indicated . The owner or operator shall also provide the necessary records and any other data necessary for to calculat eing air contaminant emission rates or concentrations, as specified in Rule 218 Sections ( F ) and ( G )

. (a) Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or oxygen (0 2 ), from steam generators with a heat input of 63 million ki logram calories (250 million British Thermal Units) or more per hour and with a use factor of at least thirty percent (30%).

(b) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from steam generators with a heat input of 63 mil lion kilogram calories (250 million British Thermal Unit s) or more per hour and with a use factor of at least thirty percent (3 0%) if control equipment is used.
(c) Oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) from all nitric acid production plants.
(d) Gaseous sulfur compounds calculated as sulfur d ioxide (SO 2 ) from all sulfuric acid production plants, carbon monoxide bo ilers or furnaces of the regenerators of fluid catalytic cracking units, and all fluid cokers.

(e) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from sulfur recovery plants with oxidizing tail g as units, and with reducing tail gas units using conti nuous incineration for control of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).
(2) The Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO) may re quire a person to provide, properly install, maintain in calibration, in good working order and in operation, an approved stack monitoring system to measure air contaminants in emission gases when that person installs, operates, or uses any equipment which emits 900,000 kilograms (992 tons) or more per year of ca rbon monoxide (CO) or 90,000 kilograms (99 tons) or more per year of any air contaminant except carbon monoxide (CO). The APCO shall report to the Distri ct Board in writing when he requires the installation of a stack monitoring sys tem under the provisions of this subpart.218-8 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 

### ( BD ) Requirements for New and Modified CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Application and Approval Requirements of for New and Modified CEMS Monitoring Systems

( 1a ) The owner or operator of any equipment subject to t his Rule shall submit to the APCO an “Application for CEMS” or “Applicati on for CEMS Modification”, as applicable. Any application subm itted on or after [date of amendment], shall require an initial approval by the APCO prior to installation of a new CEMS or modification of an ex isting CEMS. The APCO shall notify the applicant in writing within 6 0 calendar days of receipt of an application for a new CEMS, or within 30 calendar days of receipt of an application for a modification to an existing CEMS, if the application contains sufficient information to be d eemed complete. Where an application has been determined to be incomplete , the APCO shall request specific information needed to complete the application. Upon receipt of any complete resubmittal or the addition al information, plans or specifications after the application has been deeme d incomplete, a new 30- day period shall begin during which the APCO shall determine the completeness of the application and notify the appl icant. Within 90 days of installation, a person operating or using CEMS s hall undertake a series of certification tests. If the equipment served by the CEMS is not operating at the time of complete CEMS installation , then the CEMS shall undergo a series of certification tests within 90 d ays from the next start-up of the equipment served by the CEMS. The purpose o f the certification tests is to demonstrate the CEMS performance pursua nt to the specifications in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ). The owner or operator shall notify the APCO in writing at least 14 days before the scheduled certification test dat es. The certification tests shall be performed by a testing laboratory approved under the SCAQMD LAP . Data from such tests shall be submitted to the A PCO within 45 days following test completion. If satisfactory perform ance is demonstrated, final approval of the CEMS shall be granted. Subse quent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ). After final approval, modifications made to the CEMS shall be reviewed an d approved by the APCO according to the specifications stipulated in Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b ), and may require all or a portion of performance tests to be conducted.
(b) Upon submission of an “Application for CEMS” or “Application for CEMS Modification” as prescribed in Rule 218 Sectio n ( D )(1)( a ), the applicant shall indicate either one of the followin g conditions:AVAQMD RULE 218 218-9

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (i) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified a ccording to the provisions of Rule 218.1 - , “ Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications ” , Section ( C ), and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, Section s ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ) and of the requirements of Rule 218.1 Sections ( C ) and ( E ); or, (ii) That the CEMS shall be reviewed and certified according to the applicable provisions of the Code of Federal Regula tions, Title 40 – “Protection of Environment”, Part 60 – “Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources” (40 CFR 60) , Appendix B – “Performance Specifications” (Appendix B), and the subsequent operation and maintenance of the C ertified CEMS shall be in accordance with the provisions of Rule 218, S ections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of 40 CFR 60, Appendix F – “Quality Assurance Procedures” (Appendix F). Notwi thstanding the requirements of this Section (c)(1)(B)(ii) , any alternative test methods for 40 CFR 60, Appendices B and F shall be those that are listed in Rule 218.1, Table 1 - Reference Methods. (c) A “Notification of Pre-Approved Modification” a nd report of results of prescribed quality assurance checks may be submitte d in lieu of the “Application for CEMS Modification” when the modifi cation has been made in accordance with the written technical guida nce document approved by the APCO.
(2) Application and Approval Requirements for New a nd Modified SCEMS

(a) In - lieu of submitting an application for CEMS per Rule 218, Section ( D )(1), the owner or operator of any equipment subjec t to this Rule, may elect to submit an application for a SCEMS if the a veraging time for the applicable limits(s) for which the CEMS is required is 24 hours or greater; or, if the owner or operator demonstrates, to the s atisfaction of the APCO, that no CEMS technology is commercially available f or the applicable contaminant and the applicable limits.

(b) If the conditions in Rule 218, Section (D)(2)( a ), above, do not apply, the owner or operator of any equipment subject to this Rule may still elect to submit an application for a SCEMS in lieu of a CEMS , subject to the following:
(i) The owner or operator demonstrates that the con centrations and/or emissions required to be monitored would be equival ent to that monitored by a CEMS for the applicable averaging pe riod, to the satisfaction of the APCO;218-10 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (ii) The SCEMS shall be capable to take and record a minimum of one (1) measurement (concentration, mass emission rate and /or flow rate, as applicable) every 15 minutes allowing as e qually spaced data points as practical; (iii) The owner or operator shall include in the QA /QC plan the method of calculating the 15-minute averages for complianc e determination to the applicable limit or standard; (iv) If an exceedance of the allowable limit or sta ndard is calculated using fewer than 100 percent% valid data points, then the District shall use any relevant data for the operation of th e equipment (basic and control, as applicable) to verify the calculate d exceedance; and (v) If a T ime -S hared SCEMS is proposed, it shall meet the performance specifications of Rule 218.1, Section ( F ). (c) The requirements for the application submittal and approval of CEMS as provided in Rule 218, Section ( D )(1) shall also apply for SCEMS applications.
(3) Operation of CEMS or SCEMS During Certification Testing
CEMS or SCEMS shall be certified as configured for the normal operation of the CEMS or SCEMS with respect to sample acquisition, s ample conditioning, pollutant/diluent detection, data requirements and reporting.

(4) QA/QC Plan for New or Modified CEMS or SCEMS
(a) The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elec ts the performance specifications according to Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i), shall submit to the APCO for approval a CEMS QA/QC Plan within 45 d ays of CEMS installation and no later than 30 days before the c ertification tests.
(b) Alternative Quality Assurance Practices
The owner or operator of CEMS or SCEMS who elects t he performance specifications according to Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i), may choose to develop alternative CEMS operational test requireme nts to be included in the CEMS QA/QC procedures that assure data of equiv alent or better quality. These alternative QA/QC procedures shall be submitted with the facility QA/QC Plan and are subject to the approval of the APCO. 

### (E) Requirements for Existing CEMS and SCEMS

(1) Requirements for Existing CEMS
(a) A CEMS installed and granted final approval bef ore May 14, 1999[date of rule amendment] shall be maintained and operated according to theAVAQMD RULE 218 218-11

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the

requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).
(b) A CEMS application for initial and final approv al submitted to the APCO before May 14, 1999 [date of rule amendment] shall be reviewed and approved by the APCO according to the specification s and requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ). After final approval, the CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(c) Modifications R equiring R ecertification to any existing CEMS shall be reviewed and approved according to the conditions u nder Rule 218 Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable. After final approval, the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the conditions under Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.
(di) All existing CEMS as prescribed in Rule 218, S ections (E)(1)(a) and (b) shall comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1, Sec tions (C) and (DE), or 40 CFR 60 Appendices B and F, as applicable, and of Rule 218, Sections (C) and (D), no later than May 14, 2006[seven (7) y ears from date of rule amendment]. [Typographical error corrected pursuant to EPA comment of 04/25/12. There is only one facility in the Distri ct with an existing CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facility has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Removed in respon se to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.]
(iie) The requirements of Rule 218, Section (E)(1)( d)(i) shall be waived for a period of three (3) years if the owner or operator demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Executive OfficerAPCO, that the existing CEMS is providing data that areis of a quality commensurate with the original performance specifications and other indicators of consistent data quality. Data quality factors that will be considered includ e:
(i) Relative Accuracy; (ii) Calibration Error; (iii) Calibration Drift; (iv) Zero Drift; (v) Valid data return percentage; (vi) Availability or up-time percentage; (vii) Breakdown frequency and duration; and (viii) Excursions beyond quality control limits in QA/QC plan.218-12 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 The owner or operator may apply for a waiver under this subsection every three (3) years after May 14, 2006 [Seven (7) years from date of rule amendment] . This subsection shall not apply to existing CEMS that are required to comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1, Sections (C) and (E), or, 40 CFR 60, Ap pendices B and F, as applicable, and Rule 218, Sections (C) an d (D), as a result of CEMS Modifications Requiring Recertification, ru le implementation, or, compliance with a permit condit ion. [There is only one facility in the District with an existing CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facil ity has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Remove d in response to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.] ( e fd) The owner or operator of existing CEMS shall de velop and implement a written Quality Assurance/ Quality Control ( QA/QC ) Plan no later than May 14, 2000[one (1) year from date of rule amendme nt] . The written QA/QC Plan shall be kept on record and available fo r inspection upon request by the APCO.
(fg) On or before May 14, 2005[Six (6) years from d ate of rule amendment], the owner or operator of any existing CEMS shall su bmit to the APCO for approval:
(i) A certification signed by an authorized represe ntative of the facility that the existing CEMS meets the requirements of Ru le 218, Section (D); (ii) An “Application for CEMS Modification”, with t he applicable fee(s) as specified in Rule 301; or (iii) An application for waiver according to Rule 2 18, Section (E)(1)(d), with documentation supporting the required demonstr ation. [There is only one facility in the District with an existi ng CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facil ity has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provision is not necessary. Remove d in response to EPA comment 1b of 04/25/12.]

(2) Requirements for Existing SCEMS
(a) A SCEMS installed and granted final approval be fore May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be maintained and operated according to the provisions of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).
(b) A SCEMS application for initial and final appro val submitted to the APCO before May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be reviewed andAVAQMD RULE 218 218-13

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 approved by the APCO according to the specification s and requirements of

Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ). After final approval, the SCEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the provisi ons of Rule 218, Sections ( C ), ( F ), ( G ) and ( H ), and the requirements of Rule 218.1, Sections ( D ) and ( E ).

(c) Modifications R equiring R ecertification to any existing SCEMS shall be reviewed and approved according to the conditions u nder Rule 218 Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable. After final approval, the modified CEMS shall be operated and maintained according to the conditions under Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.
(d) The owner or operator of an existing SCEMS oper ating on or before May 14, 1999 [Date of rule amendment] shall be required to comply with the provisions of Rule 218.1 Section ( F ) - “Time - Sharing Requirements” and with the provisions of Rule 218.1 Sections ( C ) and ( E ), or, 40 CFR 60 Appendix B and F, as applicable, when the equipment served by the T imeS hared SCEMS is modified such that:
(i) One or more of the sources monitored requires a new monitoring range; (ii) The operating permit is modified to require C ontinuous M onitoring; or, (iii) An applicable source specific rule is adopted or revised to require C ontinuous M onitoring.
Subsequent operation and maintenance of the SCEMS s hall be according to the provisions of Rule 218, Section ( D )(1)( b )(i) or (ii), as applicable.


### (F) Retention of Records for New, Modified and Exis ting CEMS and SCEMS

(1) The records of the data obtained from the CEMS recording devices shall clearly indicate concentrations or emission rates, or both, as specified by the APCO. Records shall be maintained by the CEMS owner or op erator for a minimum period of five (5) years, unless otherwise specific ally provided by another District regulation or permit conditions, and, shall be made available to the APCO upon request.
(2) All calculations, raw parameter data used for c alculations, records of the occurrence and duration of any start up, shutdown o r malfunction, performance test, evaluation, C alibration, adjustment and maintenance of the CEMS as well as calibration gas traceability shall be retained by t he CEMS operator for a minimum period of five (5) years unless otherwise specifica lly provided by another District218-14 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 regulation or permit conditions, and shall be made available to the APCO upon request. 

### (G) Reporting Requirements for New, Modified and Ex isting CEMS and SCEMS

Unless otherwise specifically provided by another D istrict regulation or permit conditions, the following reporting requirements sh all apply to new, modified and existing CEMS and SCEMS:
(1) A CEMS owner or operator shall provide a summar y of the concentration and/or emission rate data, as applicable, obtained from th e CEMS, as well as any additional information specified by the APCO, to ev aluate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The summary shall b e submitted once every six (6) months to the APCO, except when more frequent r eporting is specifically required by another District rule, or the APCO, on a case-by-case basis, determines that more frequent reporting is necessar y to accurately assess the compliance status of the source. The summary repor t shall be submitted within 30 days following the end of the six (6) -month period being reported, in the form and manner prescribed by the APCO. The summary shall b e maintained on-site in a retrievable and readable form and shall be made ava ilable to the APCO upon request. The submitted summaries shall be availabl e for public inspection at the District.
(2) The CEMS owner or operator shall report any con centration level and/or emission rate, as applicable, in excess of the regulated lim it within 24 hours or the next W orking D ay after such occurrence in the form and manner pre scribed by the APCO. The report shall include the following infor mation:
(a) Time intervals, date, and magnitude of the exce ss concentration level, nature and cause of the excess concentration (if kn own), corrective action(s) taken, preventive measure(s) adopted, spe cific location of CEMS, the equipment or CEMS involved and the facility con tact person.
(b) The averaging period used for data reporting sh all correspond to the averaging period specified in the rule or permit co ndition governing the concentration and/or emission rate, if applicable.
(3) Reports of CEMS Failure or Shutdown
(a) The CEMS owner or operator shall notify the APC O within 24 hours or the next W orking D ay, in the event of a system failure or shutdown, w hich exceeds 24 hours. Zero and C alibration C hecks and R outine M aintenance do not require reporting.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-15

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (b) In the case of a CEMS failure or shutdown, comp liance with the provisions

of Rule 218, Section ( C ) is waived for a period not to exceed 96 consecutive hours. Such waiver is extended beyond 96 consecutive hours only if a petition for an interim variance is filed in accordance with Regulation V – Procedures Before the Hearing Board and shall terminate at the time the Hearing Board acts upon such varian ce petition. CEMS owners or operators of qualified facilities may obt ain a Hearing Board approval of an alternative operating condition foll owing the established procedure in District Rule 518.2 - Federal Alternative Operating Condition s

. (c) Regularly scheduled CEMS maintenance shall be d eferred until the report required under Rule 218, Section ( G )(2) is made, if the system is measuring a concentration equal to or exceeding the emission standard, and if such deferral is not reasonably expected to result in damage to the system.
(d) Continuous emission monitoring requirements sha ll not apply during regular C alibration C hecks of the system, or R outine M aintenance and repair lasting 60 minutes or less.
All monitoring systems to be installed after April 6, 1979, require an initial approval by theAPCO, prior to installation. The AP CO shall act upon an application for initial approval within 30 days aft er filing or within thirty (30) days after the applicant furnishes further inf ormation, plans and specifications requested to complete an application . Upon completion of installation, a person operating or using a stack m onitoring system shall undertake a series of tests to demonstrate the acce ptability of the system's performance pursuant to (C) below. Within six (6) months of initial operation, data from such tests shall be submitted to the APCO for approval. If satisfactory performance is demonstra ted, a final approval of the system shall be granted.
(2) A person operating a monitoring system installe d on or before April 6, 1979, shall, by June 1, 1979, submit a plan to the APCO outlining steps to achieve compliance with the performance specificati ons of (C) below as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later than March 2, 1981.
Each plan shall include, but shall not necessarily be limited to, dates and methods for achieving the following increments of p rogress:

1. Submit test results. 2. Negotiate and sign contracts. 3. Commence modification or replacement of non-comp lying systems.218-16 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 4. Complete modification or replacement of non-comp lying systems. 5. Submit final test results. 6. Achieve final compliance with (C) below on or be fore March 2, 1981.

Non-complying systems shall be operated at the leve l of performance indicated by test results. Each system shall be op erated in accordance with the plan.


### ( 3H ) Posting of Written Approval for New, Modified and E xisting CMS and SCEMS

A person operating an approved monitoring systemThe CEMS owner or operator of an approved CEMS shall affix such a written notice of approval or a legible facsimile thereof upon the equipment or within 26 feet of the equipment as prescribed i n District Rule 206, in a manner such that it is clearly visible
, and legible , and safely accessible . In the event that the equipment is so constructed or operated th at the notice of approval or its legible facsimile cannot be so placed, such notice or legib le facsimile shall be mounted on a location approved by the APCO.


### ( C) Monitoring System Standards

(1) The monitoring system shall be installed at a l ocation such that air contaminant and diluent gas concentration measurements can be m ade which are representative of the stack emissions of the affected facility.
(2) Prior to final approval of the monitoring syste m, it shall meet, and it shall thereafter be operated in accordance with, the foll owing performance and equipment specifications:

(a) Monitors for Gaseous Air ContaminantsAVAQMD RULE 218 218-17

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 Parameter Specifications

(i) Operational Period* Greater than or equal to 168 hours. (ii) Calibration Error** Less than or equal to 5 percent. (iii) Response Time Less than or equal to 10 minutes. (iv) Zero Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 2 percent of full scale reading. (v) Zero Drift**(24-hour) Less than or equal to 2 percent of full scale reading. (vi) Calibration Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 2 percent of scale reading. (vii) Calibration Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 2.5 percent of full scale reading. (viii) Relative Accuracy** Less than or equal to 20 percent of the mean value of the reference method test data or less than or equal to 10 percent of the allowed concentration, whichever is greater.

(b) Monitors for Diluent Gases

Parameter Specifications (i) Operational Period* Greater than or equal to 168 hours. (ii) Calibration Error** Less than or equal to 5 percent. (iii) Response Time Less than or equal to 10 minutes. (iv) Zero Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.4 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (v) Zero Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (vi) Calibration Drift (2-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.4 percent CO 2 or 0 2

. (vii) Calibration Drift (24-hour)** Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or 0 2

.
(3) The monitoring system shall be operated accordi ng to the following standards:
(a) Calibration gases shall meet the following crit eria:
(i) For gaseous air contaminant monitors, the mixtu re shall be certified to be within two percent (2%) of the stated value. (ii) For carbon dioxide and oxygen monitors, the mi xture shall be certified to be within two-tenths percent (0.2%) ca rbon dioxide or oxygen of the stated value. Ambient air may be use d for oxygen monitors if the span is higher than twenty one perc ent (21%) oxygen.
(b) Zero gases used shall meet the following criter ia:
(i) For gaseous air contaminant monitors, the gas s hall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 1 part per mi llion of the air218-18 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 contaminant (except carbon monoxide, less than 10 p arts per million), or alternately, ambient air may be used. (ii) For carbon dioxide and oxygen monitors, the ga s shall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 100 parts per million of carbon dioxide or oxygen.

(c) Calibration gases shall be manufactured, analyz ed and certified according
to USEPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certifica tion of Gaseous Calibration Standards (EPA-600/R97/121) as revised September 1997 or any subsequent version as published by USEPA
(d) Calibration checks shall be performed at least once each day at regular intervals.
(e) The instrument full scale reading shall be equi valent to approximately two hundred percent (200%) of the concentration limit s pecified in the applicable rule, or at a value approved by theAPCO. Oxygen and carbon dioxide instruments full scale readings shall be su ch that the full range of concentrations encountered can be measured.
(f) Regular scheduled maintenance of the monitoring system shall be deferred until the report required under Section (E)(2) is m ade, if the system is measuring a concentration equal to or exceeding the emission standard, and if such deferral will not reasonably be expecte d to result in damage to the system.
(g) The monitoring system shall complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) , for each successive fifteen (15) minute period.
(h) The requirements of section (C)(3)(g) shall not apply to the following conditions:
(i) Regular calibration checks of the system. (ii) Routine maintenance and repair of sixty (60) m inutes or less duration. (4) Following final approval, if significant modifi cations are made to the system, a demonstration of the ability of the system to opera te in accordance with the specifications of (c)(2) may be required at the dis cretion of the Executive Officer.
(5) Span cell calibration techniques may be employe d with in situ monitors, not extracting the gas sample from the stack if the cri teria of (c)(2)(A)(ii), (vi) and (vii) can be met and if the use of the cell provide s a check of all analyzer internal mirrors and lenses and all electronic circuitry inc luding the source and detector assembly which are normally used in sampling and an alysis.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-19

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (6) Zero calibration reflector techniques may be em ployed with in situ monitors, not extracting the gas sample from the stack, if the cr iteria of (c)(2)(A)(iv) and (v) can be met.


### (D) Retention of Records

(1) The records of the data obtained from the recor ding devices of the stack monitoring system shall clearly indicate concentrat ions as specified by theAPCO. Records shall be maintained by the owner or operato r of a monitoring system for a period of at least two (2) years and shall be made available to the APCO upon request.
(2) All records of the occurrence and duration of a ny start up, shutdown or malfunction, performance test, evaluation, calibrat ion, adjustment and maintenance of the monitoring system as well as cal ibration gas traceability or span cell specifications documents, shall be retain ed by the monitoring system operator for a period of at least two (2) years and shall be made available to the APCO upon request. 

### (E) Reporting

(1) A person operating a stack monitoring system sh all provide a summary of the concentration and emission data obtained from such system, as well as any additional information specified by the APCO to eva luate the accuracy and precision of the measurements. The summary shall b e submitted monthly to the APCO within thirty (30) days of the end of the mont h being reported, in the form and manner prescribed by him. The summary shall be available for public inspection at the office of the Air Quality Managem ent District.
(2) A person operating a monitoring system shall re port any concentration level in excess of the regulated limit to the APCO within ni nety-six (96) hours after such occurrence in the form and manner prescribed by him . The report shall include the following information:
(a) Time intervals, date, and magnitude of the exce ss concentration level; nature and cause of the excess (if known), correcti ve actions taken and preventive measure adopted.
(b) Averaging period used for data reporting shall correspond to the averaging period specified in the rule governing the concentr ation limit in question.
(3) Reports of Monitoring System Failure or Shutdow n
(a) A person operating a monitoring system shall no tify the Executive Officer within ninety-six (96) hours, in a form and manner prescribed by him, in218-20 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 the event of a system failure or shutdown for repai r, which exceeds sixty (60) consecutive minutes. Zero and calibration che cks and routine maintenance do not require reporting.
(b) In the case of a monitoring system failure or s hutdown for repair, compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) is waived for a period not to exceed ninety-six (96) consecutive hours. Such waiver is extended beyond ninety-six (96_ consecutive hours only if a petition for an interim variance is filed in accordance with Regulation V a nd shall terminate at the time the Hearing Board acts upon such variance peti tion. 

### (F) Exemption

Any source subject to the provisions of (a)(1) abov e may obtain an exemption from the provisions of (a)(1) above upon demonstration to th e satisfaction of the APCO that the source is not subject to a District rule or regulat ion prohibiting or limiting the discharge of any air contaminants which are the subject of (a)(1 ).


### (G) Definitions

(1) Calibration - An operating condition of the mon itoring system whereby the system is accurately recording the concentration of the sp ecific air contaminant or diluent gas as evidenced by calibration checks, achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjustment.
(2) Calibration Check - A procedure to determine th e response of the system to a given gaseous compound concentration by means of in jecting a certified calibration gas mixture into the system, or the ins ertion of a span cell into the internal light path of the analyzer.
(3) Calibration Drift** - The change in the monitor ing system output over a stated time period of normal continuous operation when the air contaminant or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements i s the same known upscale value, or simulated to be the same upscale value by use of a span cell.

(4) Calibration Error** - The difference between th e air contaminant or diluent gas concentration indicated by the monitoring system an d the known concentration of the span gas or the equivalent rating of the span c ell.

(5) Calibration Gas - A mixture of the air contamin ant gas, or carbon dioxide or oxygen in a diluent gas, which, when periodically i ntroduced into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's accuracy.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-21

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (6) Certified Gas Mixture - A mixture analyzed, by replicate samples, by the manufacturer by referring to National Bureau of Sta ndards Reference Materials, such that a statement of the precision of the analy sis can be made.
(7) Diluent Gas - A gas present in a calibration ga s mixture or in the emissions from a source which is present in quantities significantly larger than the air contaminant.
(8) Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval - The s tatistically determined range within which there is a ninety-five percent (95%) p robability all values determined will lie.
(9) Operational Period - A minimum period of time d uring which the monitoring system shall operate, according to the performance and equipment specifications, without unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustm ent.
(10) Parts Per Million - A volume concentration mea surement, indicating the volumetric quantity of the gas in question, dispers ed in one million volumes of gas mixture, reported on a dry basis.

(11) Reference Method - The official test method em ployed by the District to determine compliance with the rules.
(12) Relative Accuracy - The degree of correctness with which the monitoring system yields the value of gas concentration of a sample r elative to the value given by the reference method or to the allowed concentration. This accuracy is expressed in terms of error, which is the absolute value of the mean of the differences between the pared concentration measurements plus the absol ute value of the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval. It is expressed as a percentage of the mean reference method value or of the allowed concentrat ion. When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration to a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the relative accuracy requirement sh all apply to the corrected concentration value.
(13) Response Time - The time interval from a step change in the air contaminant or gas diluent concentration at the input to the monit oring system to the time at which ninety-five percent (95%) of the correspondin g final value is reached as displayed on the monitoring system data recorder.
(14) Routine Maintenance - An operation, recommende d by the manufacturer, to be performed at specified intervals, to preclude syste m failure. Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this defini tion.
(15) Span Cell - A sealed cell of fixed length, con taining a known concentration of an air contaminant, which is inserted into the internal li ght path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output that corresponds to a known concentration of that air contaminant.218-22 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 (16) Stack Monitoring System, or Monitoring System - The total equipment required for the determination of concentrations of air cont aminants and diluent gases in a source effluent. The system consists of three majo r subsystems:
(a) Sampling Interface - that portion of the monito ring system that performs one or more of the following operations: delineatio n, acquisition, transportation, and conditioning of a sample of the source effluent or protection of the analyzer from the hostile aspects of the sample or source environment.
(b) Analyzer
(i) Air Contaminant Analyzer - that portion of the monitoring system that senses the air contaminant and generates a sig nal output that is a function of the concentration of that gas. (ii) Diluent Analyzer - that portion of the monitor ing system that senses the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxid e and generates a signal output that is a function of the concentra tion of that gas. This subsystem is required only for sources noted i n a (a)(1)(A).

(c) Data Recorder - that portion of the monitoring system that provides a permanent record of the output signal in terms of c oncentration units, including additional equipment such as computers re quired to convert the original recorded value to any value required for r eporting.
(17) System Failure - occurs anytime the monitoring system is suspected or known to be unable to meet the requirements of (c)(2) or (b) (2), as applicable.
(18) Use Factor - The amount of time used per year divided by the amount of time available for use per year, expressed as a percent.

(19) Zero Calibration Reflector - A device which is inserted into the internal light path of the analyzer to provide a measurement output tha t simulates a zero gas concentration.
(20) Zero Drift** - The change in the monitoring sy stem over a stated period of time of normal continuous operation when the air contaminan t or diluent gas concentration at the time of the measurements is ze ro, or is simulated to be zero by use of a zero calibration reflector.
(21) Zero Gas - Agas containing less than a specifi ed amount of the air contaminant or diluent gas which, when periodically injected into the monitoring system, is used to check that system's response to the absence of t he air contaminant or diluent gas.AVAQMD RULE 218 218-23

Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 *The operational period test performed prior to fi nal approval shall be preceded by a one hundred sixty eight (168) hour (minimum) cond itioning period during which the system shall be operated without unscheduled ma intenance, repair, or adjustment.
**Expressed as the sum of the mean value plus the ninety-five percent (95%) confidence interval of a series of tests.

[SIP: Approved 7/6/82, 47 FR 29231, 40 CFR 52.220( c)(103)(xviii)(A); Approved 9/28/81, 46 FR 47451, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(65)(ii); Approved ___ _____, _________, 40 CFR 52.220(c)(42)(xiv)(A); Approved 9/8/78, 43 FR 40011 , 40 CFR 52.220(c)(39)(iii)(C)] See SIP Table at http://www.avaqmd.ca.gov/Modules/S howDocument.aspx?documentid=921218-24 AVAQMD RULE 218 Stack Monitoring D3: 06/06/12 This Page Intentionally Left Blank( Adopted : mm/dd/yy)

AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 

## RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance

Specifications 2



### (A) General

(1) Purpose
(a) The purpose of this rule is to specify standard s, specifications and requirements for new, modified and existing Continu ous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS).
(2) Applicability
(a) The provisions of this rule shall apply to all sources that require CEMS pursuant to District Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring

. 

### (B) Definitions

(1) “Analyzer” - The part of the CEMS that analyzes the appropriate gaseous constituents of the conditioned gaseous sample or m easures stack gas volumetric flow and fuel flow rates, as applicable.
(a) Contaminant Analyzer - The part of the CEMS tha t detects the air contaminant concentrations and represents those con centrations in a signal output.
(b) Diluent Analyzer - The part of the CEMS that de tects oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) or other Diluent Gas concentrations and represents those concentrations in a signal output.
(c) Fuel Flowmeter - The part of the CEMS that dete cts the parameters of all essential measurement sub-systems (e.g., tem perature, pressure, differential pressure, frequency, gas den sity, gas composition, heating value) and generates signal ou tputs which are a function of the fuel flow rate and all essential measurement subsystem parameters.

2 The majority of this rule is derived from South Co ast Air Quality Management District - Rule 218.1 as adopted May 14, 1999 unless otherwise noted.218.1-2 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (d) Stack Flowmeter - The part of the CEMS that det ects the parameters from all essential measurement sub-syste ms (e.g., temperature, static and atmospheric pressure, gas d ensity, gas composition, molecular weight, gas moisture content ) and generates signal outputs which are a function of th e stack gas volumetric flow rate and all essential measurement sub-system parameters.
(2) “Calibration” - A procedure performed to ensure that the CEMS accurately measures and records the concentration of the speci fic air contaminant or Diluent Gas, flow rate and other parameters necessa ry to generate the required data, as evidenced by Calibration Checks a nd achieved by periodic manual or automatic adjustment.
(3) “Calibration Check” - A procedure performed to determine CEMS response to a given gaseous compound concentration by means of injecting a certified calibration gas mixture into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practical.
(4) “Calibration Drift” (CD) - Change in the CEMS o utput or response over a specific period of normal continuous operation when the air contaminant or Diluent Gas concentration at the time of the mea surements is the same known upscale value. CD is expressed as the sum of the absolute value of the mean difference and the absolute value of the C onfidence Coefficient of a series of tests, to the Full Span Range, expre ssed as a percentage as follows:

100

× +

= FSR CC d CD

Where:

FSR = Full Span Range

CC = Absolute value of the 95% Confidence Coefficient

d = Absolute value of the mean difference. The mean

difference, d , is calculated as:



## ∑

= = n

i i d
n d

1 1AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-3

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 Where



## ∑

= n

i i d

1 = Algebraic sum of the individual differences d i

n = Number of data points

i d = The difference between the paired response

values of the monitoring system

(5) “Calibration Error” (CE)
(a) Calibration Error (as applicable to Section (D) - Standards for Existing CEMS) - The ratio of the difference betwee n the air contaminant or Diluent Gas concentration indicated by the CEMS and the known concentration of the calibration gas, to the known concentration of the calibration gas. CE is calcul ated as the ratio of the sum of the absolute values of the mean diffe rence and the 95 percent Confidence Coefficient of a series of tests , to the gas concentration, expressed as a percentage, as follow s:

100 × +

= C CC d CE

Where:

C = Calibration gas concentration CC = Absolute value of the 95% Confidence Coefficient

d = Absolute value of the mean difference. The mean

difference is calculated as:


## ∑

= = n

i i d
n d

1 1218.1-4 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 Where:



## ∑

= n

i i d

1 = Algebraic sum of the individual differences d i

n = Number of data points

i d = The difference between the paired monitoring system

response value and the known gas concentration or the equivalent rating of the Reference Method value
, both in units of the applicable standard
(b) Calibration Error (as applicable to Section (C) - Standards for New or Modified CEMS) - The ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the air contaminant or Diluent G as concentration indicated by the CEMS and the known c oncentration of the calibration gas, to the Full Span Range, exp ressed as a percentage, as follows:

100 × −

= FSR A C CE

Where:

C = Calibration gas concentration

A = Actual response or the concentration indicated by t he

monitoring system FSR = Full Span Range of the instrument

(6) “CEMS Availability Percentage” - A percentage c alculated as the ratio of the total unit operating hours for which the CEMS p rovided qualityassured data, to the source total unit operating ho urs during a specified period, excluding periods of Calibration, maintenan ce, repair, or audit, up to a maximum of 40 hours per month.
(7) “Certified CEMS” - A CEMS installed, tested, op erated, maintained, and calibrated according to the applicable requirements of Rules 218 and 218.1; that has met the applicable performance spec ifications of Rule 218.1 and, has received written approval and condit ions thereto applying, from the APCO.AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-5

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (8) “Certified Gas Mixture” - A gas mixture manufac tured, analyzed and certified in accordance with the “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards” - E PA-600/R97/121, September 1997 Revision (EPA Traceability Protocol) or any subsequent version published by EPA. This definition incorpor ates by reference EPA Protocol.
(9) “Confidence Coefficient” (CC) - The 2.5 percent error Confidence Coefficient for the 95 Percent Confidence Interval of a series of tests. The CC is calculated as follows:

n S t CC d

975.0 =

Where:

S d = Standard deviation

n = Number of data in a series of tests

t 0.975 = t-value (see Table of t-Values below)

Table of t-Values*

n t 0.975 n t 0.975 n t 0.975

2 12.706 7 2.447 12 2.201

3 4.303 8 2.365 13 2.179

4 3.182 9 2.306 14 2.160

5 2.776 10 2.262 15 2.145

6 2.571 11 2.228 16 2.131

*The t-values in this table are already corrected f or n-1 degrees of freedom. Use n equal to the number of data points.
(10) “Continuous Emission Monitoring System” (CEMS) – The total combined equipment and systems required to continuously dete rmine air contaminants and Diluent Gas concentrations and/or mass emission rate of a source effluent (as applicable). The CEMS consis ts of three (3) major subsystems: Sampling Interface, Analyzer and Data A cquisition System.218.1-6 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (11) “Continuous Monitoring” - A monitoring in whic h a minimum of one (1) measurement (e.g., concentration, mass emission, fl ow rate) is taken and recorded each minute.
(12) “Data Acquisition System” (DAS) - The part of the CEMS that processes data generated by the Analyzer and records the resu lts, thus creating a permanent record of the output signal in terms of c oncentration, flow rate, and any other applicable parameter necessary to gen erate the required data in units of applicable standard. The DAS consists of all equipment such as a computer required to convert the original recorde d values to any values required for reporting.
(13) “Diluent Gas” - A gas present in a calibration gas mixture or in source emissions that is present in quantities significant ly larger than the air contaminant.
(14) “Full Span Range” - The full range of values o r data display output that a monitor component is calibrated to measure.
(15) “Linearity Error” (LE) - The percentage error in linearity expressed in terms of the ratio of the absolute value of the dif ference between the reference value and the mean CEMS response value, t o the reference value. LE is calculated as follows:

100 × −

= R C R LE

Where:

C = Mean of the CEMS response values

R = Certified gas concentration as reference value

(16) “Modification Requiring Recertification” - Any change to the basic equipment, control equipment, contaminant concentra tion, interfering substances, or CEMS that is deemed by the APCO to h ave a potential for adversely affecting the ability of the CEMS to prov ide accurate, precise and timely data representative of the stack emissio ns for which the CEMS (or SCEMS) is required.
(17) “Ninety-Five Percent Confidence Interval” - Th e statistical estimation denoting a range of values which is expected to inc lude a true value with a 95 percent probability.
(18) “Operating Day” - Each calendar day that emiss ions pass through the stack or duct. [Derived from SCAQMD Rule 2011, Appendix A, Attachm ent E.]AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-7

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (19) “Operational Period” - A minimum period of 168 continuous hours during which the CEMS shall operate, according to the manu facturer’s written performance and equipment specifications, without u nscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment.
(20) “Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Pla n” – A written document in which the specific procedures for the operation, Calibration and maintenance of a Certified CEMS are described in de tail, including additional quality assurance assessments and the co rrective action system. The purpose of this plan is to ensure that the CEM S generates, collects and reports valid data that is precise, accurate, c omplete, and of a quality that meets the requirements, performance specificat ions, and standards of Rules 218 and 218.1.

(21) “Reference Method” (RM) - The official test me thod employed by the District to determine compliance with the rules or permit conditions. A list of Reference Methods is identified in Table 1.
(22) “Relative Accuracy” (RA) - The absolute mean d ifference between the gas concentration or emission rate determined by the CE MS and the value determined by the RM plus 2.5 percent error of Conf idence Coefficient of a series of tests, divided by the mean of the RM te sts.
(23) “Relative Accuracy Audit” (RAA) - The RA test expressed in terms of the ratio of the relative difference between the mean R eference Method value and the mean CEMS response value, to the mean value determined by the Reference Method or applicable standard for concent ration, flow or mass emission rate. Unless otherwise specified, RAA sha ll have the same specifications and requirements as the Relative Acc uracy Test Audit (RATA), except that the RAA shall require a minimum of three (3) data sets. When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration to a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the RA requirement shall apply to the corrected concentration value. The RA of a RAA data set is calculated and expressed as a percentage as follows:

100 × −
= RM RM r RA

Where:

RM = Mean of the values determined by the referenced m ethod or

applicable standard

r = Mean of the CEMS response values218.1-8 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (24) “Relative Accuracy Test Audit” (RATA) - The RA test expressed in terms of the ratio of the sum of the absolute mean differ ence between the CEMS-generated data and the value determined by the applicable Reference Method or applicable standard and the abs olute Confidence Coefficient, to the mean of the Reference Method or applicable standard value for concentration, flow or mass emission rate . When a rule requires a correction of the air contaminant concentration t o a specific O 2 or CO 2 concentration, the Relative Accuracy requirement sh all apply to the corrected concentration value. The RA of a RATA da ta set is calculated and expressed as a percentage as follows:

100 × +

= RM CC d RA

Where:

d = Absolute value of the mean difference

CC = Absolute value of the 95% Confidence Coefficient

RM = Average RM value or applicable standard

The arithmetic mean of the difference, d, of a set of data is calculated as follows:


## ∑

= = n

i i d
n d

1 1

Where:



## ∑

= n

i i d

1 = Algebraic sum of the individual differences d i

i d = The difference between the Reference Method value and

the CEMS value, both in units of the applicable sta ndard

n = Number of data pointsAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-9

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (25) “Response Time” - The time interval from a ste p change in the air contaminant or gas diluent concentration to the tim e when 95 percent of the corresponding final value is reached as display ed on the CEMS data recorder or acquisition system. The Response Time is determined by introducing a Certified Gas Mixture into the CEMS u pstream of the Sampling Interface and as close to the probe inlet as practicable.

(26) “Routine Maintenance” - Preventive evaluation and repair (if necessary) of CEMS performed at specified intervals to preclude S ystem Failure. Routine Maintenance may be performed as recommended by the manufacturer or a documented standard operating pro cedure determined through operating experience and approved by the AP CO. Repairs to a malfunctioning system are excluded from this defini tion.
(27) “Sampling Interface” - That part of the CEMS t hat performs sample acquisition using one (1) or more of the following operations: extraction, physical/chemical separation, transportation or con ditioning of a representative sample from a designated source.
(28) “Semi-Continuous Emission Monitoring System” ( SCEMS) - The total combined equipment and systems required to semi-con tinuously determine air contaminants and Diluent Gas concentrations and /or mass emission rate of a source effluent (as applicable). The SCE MS consists of three (3) major subsystems: Sampling Interface, Analyzer and Data Acquisition System. This class of monitoring includes but is n ot limited to gas chromatography, integrated sensitized tape analyzer , other sample integration based technologies, and time-shared CEM S.
(29) “South Coast Air Quality Management District” (SCAQMD) - The air quality district created pursuant to Division 26, P art 3, Chapter 5.5 of the California Health & Safety Code (commencing with §4 0400). [Derived from AVAQMD Rule 1124.]
(30) “System Bias” - The difference between the gas concentrations exhibited by the CEMS when a calibration gas is introduced at a location upstream of the Sampling Interface, and as close to the samp ling probe inlet as practicable, and when the same calibration gas is i ntroduced directly to the Analyzer.
(31) “System Failure” - Inability of the CEMS to me et the requirements of Rule 218.1.
(32) “Time-Sharing” - A monitoring technique where an Analyzer and possibly the associated sample conditioning system is used o n more than one (1)

source.218.1-10 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (33) “Zero Check” - A procedure performed to determ ine the response of the CEMS to a given Zero Gas standard by means of injec ting the Zero Gas into the CEMS as close to the probe tip as practica l.
(34) “Zero Drift” (ZD) - The change in the monitori ng system output/response over a stated period of time of normal continuous o peration when the air contaminant or Diluent Gas concentration at the tim e of the measurements is zero. The values for ZD shall be expressed as t he ratio of the sum of the absolute value of the mean of the difference betwee n paired instrument response values and the absolute value of the CC, t o the Full Span Range, calculated as a percentage as follows:

100 × +

= S CC d ZD

Where:
S = Full Span Range

CC = Absolute value of the Confidence Coefficient

d = Absolute value of the mean difference. The mean

difference is calculated as:



## ∑

= = n

i i d
n d

1 1

Where:


## ∑

= n

i i d

1 = Algebraic sum of the individual differences d i

n = Number of data pairs

i d = The difference between a pair of instrument respo nse

values

(35) “Zero Gas” - A gas containing less than a spec ified amount of the contaminant or Diluent Gas which, when periodically injected into the CEMS, is used to check CEMS’ response to the absenc e of the air contaminant or Diluent Gas.


### (C) Standards for New or Modified CEMSAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-11

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 In order to be a Certified CEMS, a CEMS subject to the provisions of Rule 218 Sections (D)(1), (E)(1)(c), (E)(1)(d), (E)(2)(c) and (E)(2)(d), as applicable, shall meet the operational requirements, performance spec ifications, and standards as follows: [Rule 218 (E)(1)(d) removed in response to EPA comm ent 1b of 04/25/12 since there is only one facility in the District wi th an existing CEMS currently subject to the provisions of this rule. This facil ity has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the a dditional time provision is not
necessary. ]

(1) Pre-Certification Testing Requirements for New or Modified CEMS
Before any certification or Relative Accuracy test is performed, the CEMS shall meet the following standards:

(a) CEMS Location

The CEMS shall be installed at a location that enab les measurements of air contaminant and Diluent Gas con centration, and flow rates can be made which are representative of the stack emissions of the source.
(b) Sampling Location
The monitoring system sampling probe tip and the Re ference Method sampling port locations shall be determined according to SCAQMD Method 1.1. The monitoring sampling probe s hall be located where a sample may be obtained which is rep resentative of the source emissions. Each probe shall not interfe re with the other when in use. Other locations may be chosen subject to a written approval of the APCO. If an alternate location is chosen which does not conform with SCAQMD Method 1.1, the absenc e of flow disturbance shall be demonstrated using the SCAQMD method in the source Test Manual, Chapter X, Section 1.4 – “A lternative Site Selection Method,” or 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 1, Section 2.5 – “Alternative Measurement Site Selecti on Procedure,” and, the absence of stratification shall be demonst rated using the SCAQMD method in the source Test Manual, Chapter X, Section 13 – “Determination of Gaseous Constituent Stratifi cation.” Alternatives to sampling site selection in the pres ence of stratification are presented in Rule 218.1 (C)(3)(c )(ii).
(c) Full Span Range (FSR)

(i) The FSR for mass emission rate, air contaminant , diluent and flow analyzers shall be set such that all data points are within 10 to 95 percent of the range.218.1-12 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (ii) For air contaminant monitors, the FSR shall be set between 150 and 200 percent of the concentration limit as s pecified in the applicable rule or permit condition. The FS R may be set at a value other than that specified, but no lo wer than 120 percent, provided that the CEMS owner or operat or demonstrates to the satisfaction of the APCO that t he FSR will not be exceeded. Such demonstrations may incl ude, but are not limited to, historical emissions data, historical process information, and historical operational inf ormation. A written approval from the APCO shall be obtained before the FSR may be modified outside of the 150 t o 200 percent of the concentration limit. (iii) For air contaminant monitors, a multiple-span -range may be required to satisfy the provisions of Sections ( Cc )(i) and ( Cc )(ii) above in situations where the normal concentr ation of the air contaminant emitted is significantly les s than the allowable concentration limit. The CEMS shall have the capability to automatically change from one range t o the other as appropriate to the monitor’s measured concentration. [Corrected typographical error pursuant to EPA comment of 4/25/12.] (iv) For diluent monitors, the FSR shall be set suc h that the full range of O 2 and CO 2 concentrations can be measured. The FSR shall be set at 25.0 percent O 2 (maximum) and 1.0 percent CO 2 (minimum) concentrations, or at a value approved by the APCO. (v) Should any data points fall below ten (10) perc ent of the FSR, those data points shall be reported according the following, as applicable: a. For CEMS with certified multiple span ranges, th e owner shall report data that falls below 10.0 perce nt of the higher FSR and above 95 percent of the lower FSR, at the 10.0 percent value of the higher FSR;
b. In the event that any of the data points gathere d by the CEMS fall below 10.0 percent of the FSR, the owner or operator may elect to report the contaminant concentrations at the 10.0 percent FSR value; or
c. In the event that any data points gathered fall below 10.0 percent of the lowest vendor guaranteed FSR for that CEMS (defined as the lowest FSR that the vendor guarantees to be capable of meeting all current certification requirements of Rule 218 and Rule 218.1, as applicable) the owner or operatorAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-13

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 may elect to use the following to measure and repor t contaminant concentrations:
1. Report data at 10.0 percent FSR value; or
2. Report data at actual measured value, provided that the CEMS meets the Supplemental and Alternative Performance Requirements in Attachment A.
(vi) Should any data points fall above 95 percent o f FSR, the value shall be invalid for quantification and the C EMS shall be considered unavailable for the purposes of determining CEMS Availability Percentage. All excu rsions above 95 percent of FSR and the duration of these excursions shall be reported in the CEMS summary re port as prescribed under Rule 218 (G).
(d) Strip Chart Recorder
(i) For CEMS where the strip chart recorder is used as the only means of data recording, the strip chart shall have a minimum width of at least 10 inches, a readability of 0.5 percent of the span, and a minimum of 100 chart div isions. (ii) For CEMS where the strip chart recorder is use d as a backup system or for recording data from only a sin gle parameter, a strip chart of lesser size than specif ied in Section ( Dd )(i) above, may be proposed in the application. [Corrected typographical error pursuant to EPA comm ent of 4/25/12.] (iii) For CEMS equipped with multiple-span ranges, the chart recorder shall have the capability to automatically change span, as appropriate.
(e) Data Acquisition System (DAS)

(i) The DAS shall maintain all recorded data in acc ordance with Rule 218, Section (F). (ii) For CEMS, DAS shall acquire data from monitore d parameters at least once every minute. (iii) For SCEMS, DAS shall acquire data from monito red parameters at least once every 15 minutes. (iv) DAS acquisition rate shall be set at a constan t rate such that the data points are equally spaced. (v) All valid data points shall be used to determin e compliance with applicable limit(s), and, for certification te sting and RATA(s).218.1-14 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (vi) DAS sample acquisition rate during certificati on and RATA(s) shall be the same as the DAS sample acquisi tion rate during normal CEMS, or SCEMS, operation.
(f) Operational Period
(i) The Operational Period before any certification tests shall be a minimum of 168 continuous hours.
(2) Certification Requirements and Performance Spec ifications for New or Modified CEMS
Rule 218 Section (D)(1) provides that a series of c ertification tests shall be performed to demonstrate the acceptability of CEMS performance. The requirements and specifications in conducting initi al certification tests follow:
(a) Calibration Error (CE) Testing
The 24-Hour CE test shall be performed at the low a nd high ranges, namely 0 to 20 and 80 to 100 percent of FSR, respec tively. CE specifications shall be less than or equal to:
(i) 2.5 percent of the FSR for all Analyzers; and (ii) 3.0 percent of the FRS of the Analyzer, for fl ow monitors, when an electronic Calibration Check is applicable. The 24-hour CE test shall be performed once each da y as close to 24-hour intervals as practicable, with a total of e ight (8) consecutive tests performed. The CE specifications shall not be exceeded on any of the tests during the entire test ing period.
(b) Analyzer Enclosure
(i) The Analyzer shall be contained in an environme ntally controlled enclosure. An alarm and recording devic e shall be incorporated into the system to alert the operat or to make corrective action should the Analyzer exceed t he manufacturer’s recommended specifications for temperature drift. (ii) Alternatively, the owner or operator of the CE MS may choose to perform the 2-hour CE tests in lieu of me eting the Analyzer enclosure requirement in Section (C)(2)(b) (i). The 2-hour CE test shall be performed once every tw o (2) hours as close to 2-hour intervals as practicable, with total of thirteen consecutive tests performed. The 2-hr CE test shall be performed when ambient temperature is expe cted to vary diurnally at least 30°F. The test shall be performedAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-15

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 at the low and high ranges of FSR, namely 0 to 20 a nd 80 to 100 percent, respectively. The specifications i n Sections (C)(2)(a)(i) and (ii) shall apply to 2-hour CE. (iii) The owner or operator of the CEMS may qualify for an exemption from Section (C)(2)(b)(i) to provide environmental controls for the Analyzer enclosure b y demonstrating, to the satisfaction of the APCO, tha t the CEMS is located: a. In a geographic area where seasonal high and low temperatures do not exceed the operational temperature specifications for the Analyzer;
b. In a geographic area where monthly maximum temperature variation is less than 30°F for all months of the year; and
c. The CEMS is located in a site that is protected from radiation and convection heating sources.

(c) Relative Accuracy
RATA shall be performed for raw contaminant concent ration, and if applicable, for corrected concentration, emissio n rate, O 2 concentration, CO 2 concentration analyzers, and stack and fuel flow monitors. There shall be a minimum of nine (9 ) sets of test data generated. If the number of tests exceeds nin e (9) sets, data may be discarded if it is identified as an outlier by the technical guidance set forth by the APCO, or for valid reason s (e.g., process upsets, CEMS malfunction, etc.) which must be subst antiated with appropriate documentation and subject to approval b y the APCO. All data collected shall be submitted to the APCO. The CEMS shall meet the following RA performance specificati ons:
(i) Less than or equal to 20.0 percent of the mean valu e of the Reference Method for pollutant concentrations, or t he de minimus concentration as follows, whichever is grea ter: [NO x and CO de minimis concentration dropped per recommendation in SCAQMD Rule 218.1 EPA TSD, March 18, 2010.]
Pollutant De minimus Concentration SO 2 2.0 ppm Reduced sulfur compounds 4.0 ppm (ii) Less than or equal to 10.0 percent of the mean valu e of the Reference Method for diluent concentrations, or the de minimus value of 1.0 percent O 2 , whichever is greater.218.1-16 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (iii) Less than or equal to 15.0 percent of the mean valu e of the Reference Method for flow monitors, or the de minim us value equivalent to a calculated volumetric flow ra te based on two (2) feet per second stack gas velocity for c ases where the mean stack gas velocity obtained by the Reference Method test is less than 15 feet per seco nd. (iv) Less than or equal to 20.0 percent of the mean value of the Reference Method for mass emission rates, or the de minimus value equivalent to a calculated mass emiss ion rate based on two (2) feet per second stack gas vel ocity for cases where the mean stack gas velocity obtained by the Reference Method test is less than 15 feet per seco nd.
The Relative Accuracy requirement may be met if the average of the differences between the CEMS measure d data and the Reference Method test data plus the Confidence Coefficient is less than or equal to the Relative Accuracy de minimus value.
(3) Relative Accuracy Test Requirements for New or Modified CEMS
Within fourteen days of, or during all Relative Acc uracy tests, the CEMS shall meet the following requirements, except those that may be waived as allowed in Rule 218.1, Section (C)(4)(c):
(a) Response Time
The Response Time for CO CEMS shall not exceed 1.5 minutes except where there is a technical limitation, in wh ich case the Response Time shall be five (5) minutes. The Respo nse Time for all other CEMS and flow monitors, as applicable, sh all not exceed five (5) minutes.

(b) Calibration Error
The CE testing requirements are specified in Sectio n (C)(2)(a).

(c) Concentration Stratification
(i) The owner or operator shall demonstrate the abs ence of stratification through testing performed according to the method in Chapter X, Section 13 - “Non-Standard Met hods and Techniques”, of the SCAQMD Source Testing Manua l. The number of tests shall be determined as follows : a. Test(s) shall be conducted at one (1) load level if the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the APCO that the equipmentAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-17

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 operates within a 20 percent load range for at leas t 80 percent of the time;

b. Test(s) shall be conducted at two (2) different load levels if the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the APCO that the equipment operates within a 50 percent load range for at leas t 80 percent of the time; or,

c. Test(s) shall be conducted at three (3) differen t load levels if the equipment operates outside of the criteria in Sections (C)(3)(c)(i)[a] and [b].

The absence of stratification is considered verifie d if the difference between the highest measured concentration (time normalized) and the lowest measured concentration (time normalized) divided by the average measured concentration (time normalized), when expressed as a percentage, is les s than or equal to 10 percent. Upon verification of the absence of stratification, the owner or operato r may position the CEMS sampling probe at any point within the stack with the exception of those points that are adjacent to the stack wall. The CEMS sampling probe should be located in the stack at least one-third of the stack diameter. The RM for RATA may be conducted at a single point within the stack that is not adjacent to the stack wall an d does not interfere with the sampling and the operation of the facility CEMS.
(ii) Should testing demonstrate the presence of str atification, the owner or operator may elect one (1) of the foll owing alternatives: a. If the stratification is greater than ten (10) p ercent but the difference between the highest measured concentration (time normalized) and the lowest measured concentration (time normalized) is less than or equal to 1.0 ppmv:
1. Then the CEMS sampling probe may be located at any point within the stack except any points that is adjacent to the stack or adjacent to the highest measured concentration (time normalized) and the218.1-18 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 lowest measured concentration (time normalized); or
2. If it is not possible to avoid using a point adjacent to either the highest measured concentration (time normalized) or the lowest measured concentration (time normalized), then locate the CEMS sampling probe such that the placement minimizes the difference between the concentration at the proposed probe location and the concentration at the point of highest measured concentration (time normalized) or the lowest measured concentration (time normalized).
b. Determine a representative CEMS probe location such that the following criteria are met:
1. All traverse point concentrations are within 10.0 percent of the average of all traverse point concentrations (time normalized), or, the difference is less than or equal to 1.0 ppm, whichever is greater;
2. There exists at least one (1) traverse point concentration (Xr), not located next to the stack or duct wall, that is less than or equal to 10.0 percent each adjacent traverse point concentration of Xr, or the difference is less than or equal to 1.0 ppm, whichever is greater; and
3. The CEMS probe is located at (or as near as practical) Xr with minimum adjacent traverse point concentration fluctuations as determined in Section (C)(3)(c)(ii)[b][2], above.
c. Determine a representative multiple point sampli ng configuration as approved by the APCO, following the guidance document by Emission Measurement Technical Information Center, “Evaluation Procedure for Multi-Hole Sample Probes” (EMTIC GD-031).AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-19

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 d. Modify the stack and/or CEMS sampling probe location and retest for the absence of stratificati on.

(d) Cyclonic Flow
The owner or operator shall perform tests to verify the absence of cyclonic flow for the CEMS and Reference Method sam pling probes. The cyclonic flow test shall be required w hen measuring mass emission rates and shall be performed accordin g to the SCAQMD method in the Source Test Manual, Chapter X: NonStandard Methods and Techniques following the testi ng conditions of Section (C)(3)(c)(i)[a], [b] or [c], as applicab le.

(e) Interference
The owner or operator shall perform tests to verify the absence of sampling, analytical and flow interference, as appl icable.
(f) Linearity Error
LE tests shall be performed at the low, middle and high ranges of concentration, namely 20 to 30, 50 to 60, and 80 to 100 percent. Each calibration gas shall be introduced into the C EMS three (3) times. The same gas shall not be used twice in suc cession. LE shall be less than or equal to 5.0 percent of the c alibration gas concentration.
(g) Multiple-Span-Range
For CEMS that have multiple-span-range, all certifi cation tests shall be performed at the lowest range. Except for RA and interference tests, all other certification tests s hall be performed on other ranges.
(4) Operational Requirements and Performance Specif ications for New or Modified CEMS
After final approval, the CEMS shall be subsequentl y operated and maintained according to the following requirements and specifications:

(a) 24-Hour CE
CE tests shall be performed once each Operating Day as close to 24 hour intervals as practicable at the low (0 to 2 0 percent) and high (80 to 100 percent) ranges of concentration. CE test results which are greater than the limits specified in Sect ions (C)(2)(a)(i) and (ii), but less than or equal to 5.0 percent of the Full Span218.1-20 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 Range shall be addressed by QA/QC Plan remediation. The CEMS shall be deemed out-of-control during such period w hen any CE test result is greater than the specified limits an d greater than 5.0 percent of the Full Span Range, until the CE test m eets the specifications. All data generated by the CEMS dur ing an out-ofcontrol period shall be deemed invalid but shall no t be deleted or excluded from the records or database.
(b) System Bias Test
A System Bias shall be conducted every 12 months in conjunction with Relative Accuracy Audit required under Rule 21 8.1 Section (C)(4)(c). The CEMS System Bias shall not exceed ± 5.0 percent of the Full Span Range for contaminant Analyzers. In addition, the owner or operator shall include in the facility QA/ QC Plan, criteria for excessive drift (e.g. control limits on cumulat ive drift) and appropriate diagnostic techniques to identify sourc es of Analyzer drift and System Bias when control limits are excee ded.
(c) Relative Accuracy Testing
RATA and RAA, as applicable, shall be performed at least once every 12 months. The test shall be completed annua lly no later than the end of the calendar quarter in which the d ate of the original certification test was performed. During any Relative Accuracy tests after CEMS certification, the owner or operator may request a waiver from stratification, cyclonic flow , and/or interference requirements in Sections (C)(3)(c), (d ) and (e), respectively, by submitting to the APCO, for approv al, any applicable documentation or previous test or histor ical data that meets the stratification, cyclonic flow, and/or int erference requirements.
(d) Cylinder Gas Audit (CGA)
A CGA shall be performed every calendar quarter but in no more than three (3) quarters in succession. The CGA sha ll be conducted according to the provisions of 40 CFR 60, Appendix F. The audit gases shall be according to the certification requi rements of Rule 218.1.
(e) The APCO may require recertification of the CEM S if the annual availability percentage is below 95 percent. Annua l CEMS Availability Percentage calculations will be based on the year ending on the last day of the calendar quarter in w hich the CEMS was originally certified.AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-21

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (f) The owner or operator of a CEMS that requires m oisture correction

in reporting flow and concentration shall measure a nd monitor moisture in the stack gas used for emission data ca lculations in accordance with the written technical guidance docu ment set forth by the APCO. Alternatively, with APCO approval, fo r equipment whose moisture source is only from fuel combustion, the operator may calculate the moisture content using fuel prope rties and ambient air humidity data or, for processes that sa turate the exhaust gas with moisture, such as a wet scrubber system, t he operator may use the saturation temperature for moisture content data. 

### (D) Standards for Existing CEMS

In order to be a Certified CEMS, a CEMS subject to the provisions of Rule 218 Sections (E)(1) and (E)(2), shall meet the followin g operational requirements and performance specifications, and the standards of Ru le 218.1 Section (E):
(1) Performance Specifications for Existing Gaseous Air Contaminant CEMS

Parameter Specifications
(a) Operational Period Greater than or equal to 168 hours
(b) Calibration Error Less than or equal to five (5 ) percent of the calibration gas value
(c) Response Time Less than or equal to ten (10) mi nutes
(d) Zero Drift (2-hour) Less than or equal to two ( 2) percent of FSR
(e) Zero Drift (24-hour) Less than or equal to two (2) percent of FSR
(f) Calibration Drift (2-hour) Less than or equal t o two (2) percent of FSR
(g) Calibration Drift (24-hour) Less than or equal to 2.5 percent of FSR
(h) Relative Accuracy Less than or equal to 20 perc ent of the mean value of the RM test data, or, less than or equal to 10 percent of the allowed concentration, whichever is greater218.1-22 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (2) Performance Specifications for Existing Diluent Gas CEMS

Parameter Specifications
(a) Operational Period Greater than or equal to 168 hours
(b) Calibration Error Less than or equal to five (5 ) percent of the calibration gas value
(c) Response Time Less than or equal to ten (10) minutes
(d) Zero Drift (2-hour) Less than or equal to 0.4 p ercent CO 2 or O 2 (e) Zero Drift (24-hour) Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or O 2 (f) Calibration Drift (2-hour) Less than or equal t o 0.4 percent CO 2 or O 2 (g) Calibration Drift (24-hour) Less than or equal to 0.5 percent CO 2 or O 2

(3) Full Span Range for Existing CEMS
The instrument FSR shall be equivalent to approxima tely 200 percent of the concentration limit as specified in the applica ble rule, or at a value approved by the APCO. O 2 and CO 2 instrument full span readings shall be such that the full range of concentrations encounte red can be measured.
(4) Cycle of Operation for Existing CEMS
The CEMS shall complete a minimum of one (1) cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing and data recording), for each successive 15 minute period.



### (E) Standards, Specifications and Requirements for New, Modified and Existing CEMS:

(1) Calibration Gas
(a) Calibration gas mixtures, as defined in Rule 218.1 (B)(8), shall be manufactured, analyzed and certified in accordance with the “EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification o f Gaseous Calibration Standards” - EPA-600/R97/121, September 1997AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-23

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 Revision (EPA Protocol). The certification period and

recertification requirements, as applicable, shall be according to the EPA Protocol.
(b) For gas calibration standards not explicitly co vered by the EPA Protocol, the CEMS owner or operator shall submit t he gas manufacturer’s alternative certification protocol f or the specific compound or compounds.
(i) The procedures of the EPA Protocol shall be use d for gas calibration standards not explicitly covered therei n, except that the gas manufacturer must identify a recertifi cation period and submit data documenting the applicabilit y of this period. The gas manufacturer may submit alter native performance standards for certification and recerti fication, based on supporting technical data also provided by the manufacturer. This alternative shall be subject to the approval of APCO. (ii) If there is no existing National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard for the measured paramet er, the gas manufacturer may submit an alternative refe rence standard and the supporting technical data that def ine the stability, accuracy, and precision of the alternati ve reference standard. This alternative shall be subject to the approval of APCO. (iii) The CEMS owner or operator may submit an alte rnative protocol to the EPA Protocol, provided that the CEM S owner or operator demonstrates through supporting technical data that the procedures therein are not applicable to the constituent in the calibration gas standard being certified. This alternative shall be subject to th e approval of APCO.
(c) Compressed and/or filtered air, such as instrum ent air, may also be used in lieu of oxygen span gas provided that the C EMS owner or operator demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the A PCO, that it is of equivalent quality to the calibration gas standards above. As part of such documentation, the owner or operator shall include in their QA/QC plan the process or operation in producing su ch compressed and/or filtered air and periodically che cking that compressed air and/or filtered air continues to mee t the calibration gas standards.

(2) Zero Gas
Zero Gases used shall meet the following criteria:218.1-24 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (a) For gaseous air contaminant monitors, the Zero Gas shall be certified by the manufacturer to contain no more th an 0.1 ppm of the air contaminant analyzed by the subject monitor or 1.0 percent of the applicable standard, whichever is less.

(b) For carbon monoxide (CO) monitors, the Zero Gas shall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 0.5 ppm carbon CO or 1.0 percent of the applicable standard, which ever is less.

(c) For CO 2 and O 2 monitors, the Zero Gas shall be certified by the manufacturer to contain less than 1.0 ppm CO 2 or O 2 . (d) Compressed and/or filtered air, such as instrum ent air, may also be used in lieu of Zero Gas provided that the CEMS own er or operator demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the APCO, that it is of equivalent quality to the above Zero Gas standards. As part of such documentation, the owner or operator shall inc lude in their QA/QC plan the process or operation in producing su ch compressed and/or filtered air and periodically che cking that compressed air and/or filtered air continues to mee t the Zero Gas standards.

(3) Automatic Calibration Data
If automatic adjustments to the monitor settings ar e made, conduct the calibration tests in a way that the magnitude of th e adjustments can be determined and recorded.

(4) F-Factors
The owner or operator shall use in the CEMS calcula tions the Fd factors listed in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, Method 19, Ta ble 19-1, as applicable. When alternative fuels are fired, the owner or operator shall submit data to develop Fd factors and obtain APCO a pproval.

(5) NO 2 to NO Conversion Efficiency
The conversion efficiency tests shall be conducted according to the requirements of SCAQMD Method 100.1. The value for the NO 2 gas shall be greater than or equal to the maximum expec ted or recorded NO 2 and greater than or equal to 20 percent of the FSR. 

### (F) Time-Sharing Requirements

A time-shared CEMS for which an application is subm itted after [date of adoption] shall meet all of the performance specifications a s well as the following requirements:AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-25

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 (1) All sources shall have mutually compatible rang e(s) of air contaminant gases at all times.
(2) Each source shall have a data-reading period, a t a minimum, equal to three (3) times the longest Response Time of the system. For shared systems the Response Time is measured at the input or probe at each source. A demonstration of Response Time for each source shal l be made during certification testing. Data are not to be collecte d following a switch of sample sources until a period of time equal to one (1) Response Time has passed.
(3) The CEMS shall be capable of performing and rec ording zero and span calibrations at each source, including the calibrat ion factors and correction values before and after every automatic Calibration

.AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-26

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 

### Table 1 REFERENCE METHODS RULE 218.1

SCAQMD Method 1.1 Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources

SCAQMD Method 1.2 Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources with Small Stack or Ducts

SCAQMD Method 2.1 Determination of Stack Gas Veloci ty and Volumetric Flow Rate (S-type Pitot tube)

SCAQMD Method 2.2 Direct Measurement of Gas Volume through Pipes and Small Ducts

SCAQMD Method 2.3 Determination of Gas Velocity and Volumetric Flow Rate from Small Stacks or Ducts

SCAQMD Method 3.1 Gas Analysis for Dry Molecular We ight and Excess Air

SCAQMD Method 4.1 Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases

SCAQMD Method 6.1 Determination of Sulfuric Acid an d Sulfur Oxides from Stationary Sources

SCAQMD Method 7.1 Determination of Nitrogen Oxide E missions for Stationary Sources

SCAQMD Method 100.1 Instrumental Analyzer Procedure s for Continuous Gaseous Emission Sampling

SCAQMD Method 307.91 Determination of Sulfur in a G aseous Matrix

EPA Method 6 Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Emissi ons from Stationary Sources

EPA Method 19 Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Remov al Efficiency and Particulate, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Emi ssion Rates from Electric Utility Steam Generator (40 CFR Part 60 Appendix A)

ASTM Method D 4294 -03 or D 2622-82 Determination of Sulfur in Liquid FuelsStandard Tes t Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Produc ts by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry [Added complete method title as well as most recentAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-27

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 approved EPA version per EPA comment of 4/255/12.] ASTM Method D2622 -05 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Produc ts by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectromet ry [Added complete method title as well as most recent approved EPA version per EPA comment of 4/25/12.]218.1-28 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 

### ATTACHMENT A

SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CEMS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

(A) Applicability of Supplemental and Alternative P erformance Requirements

The CEMS operator who elects (or who may be require d) to measure concentrations that fall below 10 percent of the lo west vendor guaranteed full scale span range, shall satisfy the performance req uirements as specified in Table A-1 listed below.

TABLE A-1

Alternative Performance Requirement(s)

CEMS Certified per Rule 218.1 Yes or No Performance Requirement(s)

LLSR/BFD HLSR/BFD LLR/BFD LLCE Yes X + X No X X + X
(1) + (plus) denotes an additional performance requ irement that shall be conducted if the mandatory performance requirement( s) cannot be met.

(2) If the concentration of the CEMS is such that t he specifications for the low level spike recovery/bias factor determination cann ot be met, the Facility Permit holder shall conduct a low level RATA/bias f actor determination.

(3) Abbreviations used in this Attachment are:
Low Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determination (LLSR/BFD) High Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determination (HLSR/BFD) Low Level RATA/Bias Factor Determination (LLR/BFD) Low Level Calibration Error (LLCE) Relative Accuracy Test Audit (RATA) Relative Accuracy (RA) National Institute of Standards Traceability (NIST) 

### (B) Test Definitions, Performance Specifications an d Test Procedures

This section explains in detail how each performanc e requirement is to be conducted.

(1) Low Level Calibration ErrorAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-29

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 The low level Calibration Error test is defined as challenging the CEMS

(from probe to monitor) with certified calibration gases (e.g., NO in N 2 ) at three (3) levels in the 0-20 percent Full Span Rang e. Since Certified Gas Mixtures or standards may not be available at the c oncentrations required for this test, gas dilution systems may be used, wi th District approval, if they are used according to either District or EPA p rotocols as specified in Rule 218.1, for the verification of gas dilution sy stems in the field. The CEMS high-level calibration gas may be diluted for the purpose of conducting the low level Calibration Error test.
(a) Performance Specifications
Introduce pollutant concentrations at approximately the 20 percent, 10 percent, and 5 percent of full span levels throu gh the normal CEMS Calibration system. No low level Calibration Error shall exceed 2.5 percent of full scale span.
(b) Testing Procedures
(i) Perform a standard zero/span check; if zero or span check exceeds 2.5 percent full span, adjust monitor and r edo zero/span check. (ii) After zero/span check allow the CEMS to sample stack gas for at least 15 minutes. (iii) Introduce any of the low level Calibration Er ror standards through the CEMS Calibration system. (iv) Read the CEMS response to the calibration gas starting no later than three (3) system Response Times after introducing the calibration gas; the CEMS response shall be averaged for at least three (3) Response Times and for no longer than six (6) Response Times. (v) After the low level Calibration Error check all ow the CEMS to sample stack gas for at least 15 minutes. (vi) Repeat steps (iii) through (v) until all three (3) low level Calibration Error checks are complete. (vii) Conduct post test calibration and Zero Checks

. (2) Spike Recovery and Bias Factor Determinations
Spiking is defined as introducing known concentrati ons of the pollutant of interest (e.g., gas standard to contain a mixture o f NO and NO 2 is representative of the ratio of NO and NO 2 in stack gas) and an appropriate non-reactive, noncondensable and non-soluble tracer gas from a single cylinder (EPA Protocol as specified in Rule 218.1 o r NIST traceable to two (2) percent analytical accuracy if no EPA Proto col is available) near the probe and upstream of any sample conditioning s ystems, at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the total sample gas fl ow rate. The purpose of218.1-30 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 the 10 percent limitation is to ensure that the gas matrix (water, CO 2 , particulates, interferences) is essentially the sam e as the stack gas alone. The tracer gas is monitored in real time and the ra tio of the monitored concentration to the certified concentration in the cylinder is the dilution factor. The expected pollutant concentration (dilu tion factor times the certified pollutant concentration in the cylinder) is compared to the monitored pollutant concentration.
(3) High Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determina tion
The high level spike recovery/bias factor determina tion is used when it is technologically not possible to certify the CEMS pe r the standard Rule 218.1 requirements. The spiking facility/interface shall be a permanently installed part of the CEMS sample acquisition syste m and accessible to the APCO as well as the CEMS operator.
(a) Performance Specifications

The CEMS shall demonstrate a RA ≤ 20 percent, where the spike value is used in place of the Reference Method in the normal RA calculation, as described below.
(b) Testing Procedures
(i) Spike the sample to the CEMS with a calibration standard containing the pollutant of interest and CO or othe r nonsoluble, non-reacting alternative tracer gas (alter native tracer gas) at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the CEMS sampling flow rate and of such concentrations as to produce an expected 40-80 percent of full scale spa n for the pollutant of interest and a quantifiable concentrat ion of CO (or alternative tracer gas) that is at least a fact or of 10 higher than expected in the unspiked stack gas. Th e calibration standards for both pollutants of intere st and CO (or alternative tracer gas) must meet Rule 218.1 requirements. (ii) Monitor the CO (or alternative tracer gas) usi ng an appropriate continuous (or semi-continuous if neces sary) monitor meeting the requirements of SCAQMD Method 100.1 and all data falling within the 10-95 percent full scale span, and preferably within 30-70 percent full scal e span. [Clarified that this is a SCAQMD method pursuant to EPA comment of 4/25/12.] (iii) Alternate spiked sample gas and unspiked samp le gas for a total of nine (9) runs of spiked sample gas and ten runs of unspiked sample gas. Sampling times should beAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-31

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 sufficiently long to mitigate Response Time and ave raging effects. (iv) For each run, the average CEMS reading must be between 40 percent full scale span and 80 percent full scal e span. If not, adjust spiking as necessary and continue runs, but expected spike must represent at least 50 percent o f the total pollutant value read by the CEMS. (v) Calculate the spike recovery for both the pollu tant and the CO (or alternative tracer gas) for each run by firs t averaging the pre- and postspike values for each run and subt racting that value from the spiked value to yield nine (9) values for recovered spikes. (vi) Using the CO (or alternative tracer gas) spike recovery values for each run and the certified CO (or altern ative tracer gas) concentration, calculate the dilution r atio for each run. Multiply the certified pollutant concent ration by the dilution factor for each run to determine the e xpected diluted pollutant concentrations. Using the expect ed diluted concentrations as the “Reference Method” va lue, calculate the Relative Accuracy. The RA shall be ≤ 20 percent.
(4) Low Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determinat ion
The low-level spike recovery/bias factor determinat ion is used to determine if a significant bias exists at concentra tions near the 10 percent full scale span level. The spiking facility/interf ace shall be a permanently installed part of the CEMS sample acquisition syste m and accessible to the APCO staff as well as the CEMS operator.
(a) Performance Specifications
There are no pass/fail criteria with respect to the magnitude of the percent Relative Accuracy. There are performance c riteria for the range of concentration on the CEMS the extent to wh ich the spike must be greater than the background pollutant level

. (b) Testing Procedures
(i) Spike the sample to the CEMS with a calibration standard containing the pollutant of interest and CO or othe r nonsoluble, non-reacting alternative tracer gas (alter native tracer gas) at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the CEMS sampling flow rate and of such concentrations as to produce an expected 10-25 percent of full scale spa n for the pollutant of interest and a quantifiable concentrat ion of CO (or alternative tracer gas) that is at least a fact or of 10218.1-32 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 higher than expected in the unspiked stack gas. Th e calibration standards for both pollutants of intere st and CO (or alternative tracer gas) must meet Rule 218.1 requirements. (ii) Monitor the CO (or alternative tracer gas) usi ng an appropriate continuous (or semi-continuous if neces sary) monitor meeting the requirements of SCAQMD Method 100.1 and all data falling within the 10-95 percent full scale span, and preferably within 30-70 percent full scal e span. [Clarified that this is a SCAQMD method pursuant to EPA comment of 4/25/12.] (iii) Alternate spiked sample gas and unspiked samp le gas for a total of nine (9) runs of spiked sample gas and ten runs of unspiked sample gas. Sampling times should be sufficiently long to mitigate Response Time and ave raging effects. (iv) For each run, the average CEMS reading must be below 25 percent full scale span and >10 percent full scale span. If not, adjust spiking as necessary and continue runs; but expected spike must represent at least 50 percent o f the total pollutant value read by the CEMS. (v) Calculate the spike recovery for both the pollu tant and the CO (or alternative tracer gas) for each run by firs t averaging the pre- and post-spike values for each run and sub tracting that value from the spiked value to yield nine (9) values for recovered spikes. (vi) Using the CO (or alternative tracer gas) spike recovery values for each run and the certified CO (or altern ative tracer gas) concentration, calculate the dilution r atio for each run. Multiply the certified pollutant concent ration by the dilution factor for each run to determine the e xpected diluted pollutant concentrations. Using the expect ed diluted concentrations as the “Reference Method” va lue, calculate the Relative Accuracy as specified in Rul e 218.1. If the average difference is less than the Confiden ce Coefficient then no low level bias factor is applie d. If the average difference is greater than the Confidence Coefficient and the average expected spike is less than the average CEMS measured spike, then no low level bias factor is applied. If the average difference is gr eater than the Confidence Coefficient and the average expected spike is greater than the average CEMS measured spike, th en a low level bias factor equal to the absolute value o f the average difference is added to data reported at or below the 10 percent of full scale span.AVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-33

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 (5) Low Level RATA/Bias Factor Determination using Enhanced Reference Method 6.1
A low level RATA/bias factor determination is desig ned to determine if there exists a statistically significant bias at lo w level concentrations. It consists of nine (9) test runs that measure the sta ck concentration and the CEMS concentration concurrently.
(a) Performance Specifications
There are no pass/fail criteria with respect to the magnitude of the percent Relative Accuracy. There are performance c riteria for the special RATA with respect to the Reference Method a nd range of concentration on the CEMS.
(b) Testing Procedures

The Reference Method for the low level RATA/bias fa ctor determination is SCAQMD Method 100.1

(i) Perform a minimum of nine (9) runs of low level RATA for CEMS versus the Reference Method at actual levels (unspiked). (ii) The full scale span range for the Reference Me thod shall be such that all data falls with 20 - 95 percent of fu ll scale span range. (iii) The Reference Method shall meet all SCAQMD Method 100.1 performance criteria. [Clarified that this is a SCAQMD method pursuant to EPA comment of 4/25/12.] (iv) Calculate the average difference (d = CEMS - R eference Method, ppm) and Confidence Coefficient (cc = stati stical calculated, ppm). (v) If d > 0 then the bias = 0 ppm; if d < 0 and |d | > cc then bias = d; if d <0 and |d| < cc then bias = 0 ppm. 

### (C) Testing Frequency

For each CEMS, perform the aforementioned performan ce requirements once a year thereafter. These annual assessments shall be completed within six (6) months of the end of the calendar quarter in which the CEMS was originally certified.218.1-34 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D3: 06/06/12 This page intentionally left blank.218.1-35 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 

### ATTACHMENT A

SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CEMS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

(A) Applicability of Supplemental and Alternative P erformance Requirements

The CEMS operator who elects (or who may be require d) to measure concentrations that fall below 10 percent of the lowest vendor guarante ed full scale span range, shall satisfy the performance requirements as specified in Table A-1 listed below.

TABLE A-1 Alternative Performance Requirement(s)

CEMS Certified per Rule 218.1 Yes or No Performance Requirement(s)

LLSR /BFD HLS

R/BF D LL

R/B FD LL

CE

Yes X + X No X X + X
(1) + (plus) denotes an additional performance requ irement that shall be conducted if the mandatory performance requirement(s) cannot be met.
(2) If the concentration of the CEMS is such that t he specifications for the low level spike recovery/bias factor determination cannot be met, the Facility Permit holder shall conduct a low level RATA/bias factor determin ation.

(3) Abbreviations used in this Attachment are:
Low Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determination (LLSR/BFD) High Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determination (HLSR/BFD) Low Level RATA/Bias Factor Determination (LLR/BFD) Low Level Calibration Error (LLCE) Relative Accuracy Test Audit (RATA) Relative Accuracy (RA) National Institute of Standards Traceability (NIST) 

### (B) Test Definitions, Performance Specifications an d Test Procedures

This section explains in detail how each performanc e requirement is to be conducted.218.1-36 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 (1) Low Level Calibration Error

The low level Calibration Error test is defined as challenging the CEMS (from probe to monitor) with certified calibration gases (e.g., NO in N 2 ) at three (3) levels in the 0-20 percent Full Span Range. Since Certified Gas Mixtures or standards may not be available at the concentration s required for this test, gas dilution systems may be used, with District approva l, if they are used according to either District or EPA protocols as specified in Ru le 218.1, for the verification of gas dilution systems in the field. The CEMS high-l evel calibration gas may be diluted for the purpose of conducting the low level Calibration Error test.
(a) Performance Specifications
Introduce pollutant concentrations at approximately the 20 percent, 10 percent, and 5 percent of full span levels through the normal CEMS Calibration system. No low level Calibration Error shall exceed 2.5 percent of full scale span.
(b) Testing Procedures
(i) Perform a standard zero/span check; if zero or span check exceeds 2.5 percent full span, adjust monitor and redo zero /span check. (ii) After zero/span check allow the CEMS to sample stack gas for at least 15 minutes. (iii) Introduce any of the low level Calibration Er ror standards through the CEMS Calibration system. (iv) Read the CEMS response to the calibration gas starting no later than three (3) system Response Times after introduc ing the calibration gas; the CEMS response shall be average d for at least three (3) Response Times and for no longer than six (6) Response Times. (v) After the low level Calibration Error check all ow the CEMS to sample stack gas for at least 15 minutes. (vi) Repeat steps (iii) through (v) until all three (3) low level Calibration Error checks are complete. (vii) Conduct post test calibration and Zero Checks

. (2) Spike Recovery and Bias Factor Determinations
Spiking is defined as introducing known concentrati ons of the pollutant of interest (e.g., gas standard to contain a mixture of NO and NO 2 is representative of the ratio of NO and NO 2 in stack gas) and an appropriate non-reactive, noncondensable and non-soluble tracer gas from a si ngle cylinder (EPA Protocol as specified in Rule 218.1 or NIST traceable to two (2) percent analytical accuracy if no EPA Protocol is available) near the probe and upstream of any sampleAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-37

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 conditioning systems, at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the total sample

gas flow rate. The purpose of the 10 percent limit ation is to ensure that the gas matrix (water, CO 2 , particulates, interferences) is essentially the s ame as the stack gas alone. The tracer gas is monitored in real tim e and the ratio of the monitored concentration to the certified concentration in the cylinder is the dilution factor. The expected pollutant concentration (dilution fact or times the certified pollutant concentration in the cylinder) is compared to the m onitored pollutant concentration.
(3) High Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determina tion
The high level spike recovery/bias factor determina tion is used when it is technologically not possible to certify the CEMS pe r the standard Rule 218.1 requirements. The spiking facility/interface shall be a permanently installed part of the CEMS sample acquisition system and accessibl e to the APCO as well as the CEMS operator.
(a) Performance Specifications

The CEMS shall demonstrate a RA ≤ 20 percent, where the spike value is used in place of the Reference Method in the normal RA calc ulation, as described below.
(b) Testing Procedures
(i) Spike the sample to the CEMS with a calibration standard containing the pollutant of interest and CO or othe r non-soluble, non-reacting alternative tracer gas (alternative tr acer gas) at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the CEMS sampling flow rate and of such concentrations as to produce an expected 40 -80 percent of full scale span for the pollutant of interest and a quantifiable concentration of CO (or alternative tracer gas) tha t is at least a factor of 10 higher than expected in the unspiked s tack gas. The calibration standards for both pollutants of intere st and CO (or alternative tracer gas) must meet Rule 218.1 requir ements. (ii) Monitor the CO (or alternative tracer gas) usi ng an appropriate continuous (or semi-continuous if necessary) monito r meeting the requirements of Method 100.1 and all data falling w ithin the 10-95 percent full scale span, and preferably within 30-7 0 percent full scale span. (iii) Alternate spiked sample gas and unspiked samp le gas for a total of nine (9) runs of spiked sample gas and ten runs of unspiked sample gas. Sampling times should be sufficiently long to mitigate Response Time and averaging effects. (iv) For each run, the average CEMS reading must be between 40 percent full scale span and 80 percent full scale s pan. If not, adjust218.1-38 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 spiking as necessary and continue runs, but expecte d spike must represent at least 50 percent of the total pollutan t value read by the CEMS. (v) Calculate the spike recovery for both the pollu tant and the CO (or alternative tracer gas) for each run by first avera ging the pre- and postspike values for each run and subtracting that value from the spiked value to yield nine (9) values for recovered spikes. (vi) Using the CO (or alternative tracer gas) spike recovery values for each run and the certified CO (or alternative trace r gas) concentration, calculate the dilution ratio for eac h run. Multiply the certified pollutant concentration by the diluti on factor for each run to determine the expected diluted pollutant con centrations. Using the expected diluted concentrations as the “R eference Method” value, calculate the Relative Accuracy. Th e RA shall be ≤ 20 percent.
(4) Low Level Spike Recovery/Bias Factor Determinat ion
The low-level spike recovery/bias factor determinat ion is used to determine if a significant bias exists at concentrations near the 10 percent full scale span level. The spiking facility/interface shall be a permanent ly installed part of the CEMS sample acquisition system and accessible to the APC O staff as well as the CEMS operator.
(a) Performance Specifications
There are no pass/fail criteria with respect to the magnitude of the percent Relative Accuracy. There are performance criteria for the range of concentration on the CEMS the extent to which the s pike must be greater than the background pollutant level.
(b) Testing Procedures
(i) Spike the sample to the CEMS with a calibration standard containing the pollutant of interest and CO or othe r non-soluble, non-reacting alternative tracer gas (alternative tr acer gas) at a flow rate not to exceed 10 percent of the CEMS sampling flow rate and of such concentrations as to produce an expected 10 -25 percent of full scale span for the pollutant of interest and a quantifiable concentration of CO (or alternative tracer gas) tha t is at least a factor of 10 higher than expected in the unspiked s tack gas. The calibration standards for both pollutants of intere st and CO (or alternative tracer gas) must meet Rule 218.1 requir ements. (ii) Monitor the CO (or alternative tracer gas) usi ng an appropriate continuous (or semi-continuous if necessary) monito r meeting theAVAQMD RULE 218.1 218.1-39

Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 requirements of Method 100.1 and all data falling w ithin the 10-95 percent full scale span, and preferably within 30-7 0 percent full scale span. (iii) Alternate spiked sample gas and unspiked samp le gas for a total of nine (9) runs of spiked sample gas and ten runs of unspiked sample gas. Sampling times should be sufficiently long to mitigate Response Time and averaging effects. (iv) For each run, the average CEMS reading must be below 25 percent full scale span and >10 percent full scale span. I f not, adjust spiking as necessary and continue runs; but expecte d spike must represent at least 50 percent of the total pollutan t value read by the CEMS. (v) Calculate the spike recovery for both the pollu tant and the CO (or alternative tracer gas) for each run by first avera ging the pre- and post-spike values for each run and subtracting that value from the spiked value to yield nine (9) values for recovered spikes. (vi) Using the CO (or alternative tracer gas) spike recovery values for each run and the certified CO (or alternative trace r gas) concentration, calculate the dilution ratio for eac h run. Multiply the certified pollutant concentration by the diluti on factor for each run to determine the expected diluted pollutant con centrations. Using the expected diluted concentrations as the “R eference Method” value, calculate the Relative Accuracy as s pecified in Rule 218.1. If the average difference is less than the Confidence Coefficient then no low level bias factor is applie d. If the average difference is greater than the Confidence Coefficie nt and the average expected spike is less than the average CEM S measured spike, then no low level bias factor is applied. I f the average difference is greater than the Confidence Coefficie nt and the average expected spike is greater than the average CEMS measured spike, then a low level bias factor equal to the ab solute value of the average difference is added to data reported at or below the 10 percent of full scale span.
(5) Low Level RATA/Bias Factor Determination using Enhanced Reference Method 6.1
A low level RATA/bias factor determination is desig ned to determine if there exists a statistically significant bias at low leve l concentrations. It consists of nine (9) test runs that measure the stack concentration and the CEMS concentration concurrently.
(a) Performance Specifications218.1-40 AVAQMD RULE 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations D1: 02/02/12 There are no pass/fail criteria with respect to the magnitude of the percent Relative Accuracy. There are performance criteria for the special RATA with respect to the Reference Method and range of c oncentration on the CEMS.
(b) Testing Procedures

The Reference Method for the low level RATA/bias fa ctor determination is SCAQMD Method 100.1

(i) Perform a minimum of nine (9) runs of low level RATA for CEMS versus the Reference Method at actual levels (unspi ked). (ii) The full scale span range for the Reference Me thod shall be such that all data falls with 20 - 95 percent of full sc ale span range. (iii) The Reference Method shall meet all Method 10 0.1 performance criteria. (iv) Calculate the average difference (d = CEMS - R eference Method, ppm) and Confidence Coefficient (cc = statistical c alculated, ppm). (v) If d > 0 then the bias = 0 ppm; if d < 0 and |d | > cc then bias = d; if d <0 and |d| < cc then bias = 0 ppm. 

### (C) Testing Frequency

For each CEMS, perform the aforementioned performan ce requirements once a year thereafter. These annual assessments shall be comp leted within six (6) months of the end of the calendar quarter in which the CEMS was origi nally certified.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 B

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### APPENDIX "B" PUBLIC NOTICE DOCUMENTS

1. Proof of Publication for Notice of Public Hearing – Antelope Valley Press, April 2, 2012B-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 B

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### APPENDIX "C"

PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES

1. USEPA Comment Letter, October 17, 2011 2. ARB Staff Rule Results, April 23, 2012 3. Transmittal of EPA Rule Review Comments, April 25, 2012C-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 C

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Comment Letter 1C-4 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 1AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 C

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 District Response to Comment Letter 1

1. The AVAQMD is amending Rule 218 and adopting new Rule 218.1 in response to USEPA’s comment. These rules are based on the recommended approved SCAQMD rule versions, in standard AVAQMD format. The AVAQMD is proposing to divide t he administrative and technical provisions of current Rule 218 into two separate rules: Rule 2 18 – Continuous Emissions Monitoring , and new Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specific ations . Amended Rule 218 specifies the administrative requirements for conti nuous emission monitoring including applicability, the application and approval process for continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), compliance dates, and record retention and reporting. Propose d new Rule 218.1 provides for CEMS certifications, performance specifications, and technical requireme nts for CEMS operation and maintenance.C-6 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Comment Letter 2AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 C

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 District response to comment letter 2

No comment required.C-8 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 Comment Letter 3

1a

1bAVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 C

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 3b

3c

3d

3e

3f 3a 2c 2b 2aC-10 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 District responses to Comment Letter 3

Rule 218 Comments 1a. Section (II) and Section (VI)(E)(1) of the Staf f Report have been updated to reflect the SIP approval at 73 FR 51226 on September 2, 2008. 1b. Lockheed has indicated that they are compliant with the provisions of the rule and the additional time provisions are not necessary. These sections have been removed and cross references have been corrected. Specifically, Rule 218 §(E)(1)(d) and § (E)(1)(e) have been removed and cross reference in 218.1 (C) has been updated to reflect the removal o f these sections. 2a, b, c These sections have been removed in respon se to previous comment. 3a. Typographical error has been corrected. 3b. Typographical error Has been corrected. 3c. ASTM Method D 4294 or D 2622 82 have been separ ated to include both test method titles and the most current version of each. 3d. “SCAQMD” has been added to Test Method 100.1 in Rule 218.1 Attachment A §(B)(3)(b)(ii). 3e. “SCAQMD” has been added to Test Method 100.1 in Rule 218.1 Attachment A §(B)(4)(b)(ii). 3f. “SCAQMD” has been added to Test Method 100.1 in Rule 218.1 Attachment A §(B)(5)(b)(iii).AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 D

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### APPENDIX "D"

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT

DOCUMENTATION

1. Notice of Exemption – Los Angeles County, filed 07/23/12D-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 D

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Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 

### APPENDIX "E" BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following documents were consulted in the prepa ration of this staff report and the proposed amendment of Rule 218 and the adoption of Rule 218. 1:

1. SCAQMD Rule 218 – Continuous Emission Monitoring, A mended May 14, 1999 2. USEPA Region IX TSD for EPA’s Direct Final Rulemaki ng for the CA SIP SCAQMD Rule 218, Continuous Emission Monitoring, March 18, 2010 3. SCAQMD Rule 218.1 – Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance Specifications, Adopted May 14, 1999 4. USEPA Region IX TSD for EPA’s Direct Final Rulemaki ng for the CA SIP SCAQMD Rule 218.1, Continuous Emission Monitoring Performance S pecifications, March 18, 2010 5. 47 FR 29231, July 6, 1982 (SCAQMD Rule 218 SIP appr oval, AVAQMD SIP version) 6. SCAQMD Chapter X Non-Standard Methods and Technique s, Office of Operations Technical Services Division, March 1989 7. 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 60 – Performance Specific ations 8. 40 CFR Appendix F to Part 60 – Quality Assurance Pr ocedures 9. SCAQMD Board Meeting Agenda Item 35, May 14, 1999, Attachments and Appendices includedE-2 AVAQMD Rule 218 and 218.1 Continuous Emission Monitoring Final Staff Report: 08/24/12 This page intentionally left blank.