[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 13-14206

Non-Argument Calendar

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D.C. Docket No. 1:98-cr-00080-WKW-TFM-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee,

versus

LARRY BROOKS, 

Defendant-Appellant.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Alabama

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(September 22, 2014)

Before WILLIAM PRYOR, MARTIN, and FAY, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

Larry Brooks appeals the revocation of his supervised release and his

27-month sentence imposed, when his supervised release was revoked. We affirm.

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I. BACKGROUND

In 1998, Brooks was convicted of distributing cocaine, in violation of 21 

U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), and was sentenced to 170 months of imprisonment and 5 years

of supervised release. Brooks served his term of incarceration and began serving 

supervised release on April 22, 2011. The terms of his supervised release 

prohibited Brooks from committing another federal, state, or local crime. He also 

was prohibited from possessing or unlawfully using any controlled substances.

On July 9, 2013, Officer Daniel Stowe of the Enterprise Police Department 

received information from a confidential informant (“CI”) that Brooks was in 

possession of cocaine. The CI then participated in three controlled purchases of 

cocaine from Brooks and recorded two of the purchases with audio and video 

equipment. The videos did not picture Brooks’s face, but they showed the 

controlled buys had occurred in an area behind Brooks’s residence, near a dog 

house and a weight bench. Enterprise Police Officer Darrell Griswold also 

recognized Brook’s voice, and the CI could be heard using Brooks’s nickname, 

“Dark Side,” on the recording. ROA at 242-43.

Officers obtained a warrant to search the area near the dog house and weight 

bench. During the search, officers found crack cocaine, a small amount of 

marijuana, and a digital scale. Officers also discovered Lester Magwood, a known 

user of crack cocaine, on the hill behind Brooks’s residence. Officers found a 

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“push rod,” a device used to push crack cocaine through a pipe, and a razor blade 

with cocaine residue near Magwood’s location. ROA at 227. They believed 

Magwood was guarding Brooks’s drugs.

Officers subsequently obtained a warrant for Brooks’s arrest. On July 19, 

2013, during an automobile search incident to Brooks’s arrest, officers found a pill 

bottle containing marijuana residue and $1,350. The money included two $20 bills 

the officers had given the CI to purchase crack cocaine from Brooks. Following 

his arrest, Brooks’s probation officer petitioned the district judge to revoke his 

supervised release. He supported the petition on information that Brooks had been 

arrested in Alabama on charges of unlawful possession of cocaine, second degree 

possession of marijuana, and possession of drug paraphernalia. 

The district judge conducted a revocation hearing. Officer Stowe and 

Officer Griswold testified to the facts. Brooks’s probation officer also testified 

regarding the conditions of Brooks’s supervised release. Gaynell Miley, Brooks’s 

sister, testified on his behalf. She testified she and her mother lived with Brooks,

and the area where officers found contraband was not part of their property. Miley 

suffered from congestive heart failure and Magwood helped her perform chores 

around the family home. She testified Magwood had been at her residence a few 

days before the police searched the property. She also testified her brother, Melvin 

Brooks, had sent money and money orders to help support their mother, and the 

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cash seized from Brooks on July 19, 2013, was from those money orders. Brooks 

also introduced an affidavit from his brother, which included copies of money 

orders he had sent to their mother. 

The government argued Brooks’s supervised release should be revoked, 

because it was obvious from the evidence Brooks had sold or been in possession of 

cocaine and marijuana. Brooks asserted the government had not proved he had 

possessed controlled substances, because it had not presented evidence establishing 

actual or constructive possession. He denied ownership of the drugs and argued 

the area where the dog house and weight bench were located was not his property. 

He also contended Magwood was the person who actually purchased the crack 

cocaine from the CI. Because Magwood sometimes helped Brooks’s sister with 

cleaning and other tasks, Brooks contended Magwood may have given some of the 

money to Brooks’s sister during one of their encounters. His sister then gave the 

money to Brooks to care for their mother. 

By a preponderance of the evidence, the district judge found that Brooks had 

possessed cocaine and participated in controlled drug buys, in violation of the 

terms of his supervised release. The judge found the officers’ testimony credible 

and rejected Brooks’s alternate explanation for his possession of the controlled-buy 

money. The judge revoked Brooks’s term of supervised release and stated Brooks 

would be required to serve a term of imprisonment. 

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Brooks requested a lenient sentence so he could care for his ailing sister and 

mother and attend to his own health concerns. The district judge stated he had 

considered all the circumstances, Brooks’s criminal history, the seriousness of the 

offense, the need to promote respect for the law, to protect the public, and to avoid 

unwarranted sentencing disparities. Because drug dealing was dangerous, the 

judge stated he had to protect Brooks’s sister and mother from his conduct. The 

judge acknowledged Brooks’s earlier letter to the judge regarding learning his 

lesson, but the judge noted he had not seen any evidence that Brooks had learned 

his lesson. The judge sentenced Brooks to 27 months of imprisonment, at the top 

of the applicable Sentencing Guidelines range. On appeal, Brooks challenges the 

revocation of his supervised release and his imprisonment sentence.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Revocation of Supervised Release

Brooks argues the district judge abused his discretion by revoking his term 

of supervised release, because the preponderance of the evidence did not prove he 

had engaged in controlled drug buys or had possessed cocaine. We review a 

district judge’s revocation of supervised release for abuse of discretion. United 

States v. Cunningham, 607 F.3d 1264, 1266 (11th Cir. 2010) (per curiam). We

review a district judge’s factual findings for clear error. United States v. Philidor, 

717 F.3d 883, 885 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam). We also afford substantial 

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deference to the factfinder’s credibility determinations. United States v. Lewis, 

674 F.3d 1298, 1303 (11th Cir. 2012). Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e), a district 

judge, who finds by a preponderance of the evidence a defendant violated a 

condition of release, may revoke a term of supervised release. 18 U.S.C. 

§ 3583(e)(3). A preponderance of the evidence requires the factfinder “to believe 

that the existence of a fact is more probable than its nonexistence.” United States 

v. Trainor, 376 F.3d 1325, 1331 (11th Cir. 2004) (citation and internal quotation

marks omitted). 

Although the recordings of the controlled buys did not show Brooks’s face, 

the CI used Brooks’s nickname and Officer Griswold recognized Brooks’s voice. 

The district judge found the officer’s testimony to be credible. Lewis, 674 F.3d at 

1303 (noting we grant deference to the district judge’s credibility determinations). 

Moreover, when Brooks was arrested, he was in possession of bills that officers

had given the CI to purchase cocaine. Officers found crack cocaine, marijuana, 

and a digital scale in an area behind Brooks’s residence. Although Brooks testified 

the particular area did not belong to him, video recordings of the drug buys 

indicated the buys had occurred there. Because Brooks possessed money from the 

drug buys when he was arrested, the government’s contention that Brooks 

constructively possessed the cocaine found in the area behind his house was 

corroborated. A preponderance of the evidence demonstrated Brooks had engaged 

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in controlled drug buys and had possessed cocaine, in violation of the terms of his 

supervised release. The district judge did not abuse his discretion by revoking 

Brooks’s term of supervised release. 

B. Sentencing

Brooks contends his 27-month sentence, imposed within the applicable 

Guidelines range, is substantively unreasonable. We review a sentence imposed 

upon the revocation of supervised release for reasonableness. United States v. 

Velasquez Velasquez, 524 F.3d 1248, 1252 (11th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). A 

sentence is substantively unreasonable if it “fails to achieve the purposes of 

sentencing as stated in section 3553(a).” United States v. Docampo, 573 F.3d 

1091, 1096 (11th Cir. 2009) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). When 

revoking a defendant’s term of supervised release, the sentencing judge must 

consider (1) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and 

characteristics of the defendant; (2) the need for deterrence; (3) the need to protect 

the public; (4) the need to provide the defendant with educational or vocational 

training, medical care, or other correctional treatment; (5) the kinds of sentences 

and the Sentencing Guidelines range; (6) any pertinent policy statements; (7) the 

need to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities; and (8) the need to provide 

restitution to any victims. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 3583(e), 3553(a)(1), (a)(2)(B)-(D), 

(a)(4)-(7). 

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A sentence also is substantively unreasonable if the district judge balances 

the § 3553(a) factors unreasonably or places unreasonable weight on a single 

factor. United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1192-93 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc). 

Although we do not presume a within-Guidelines sentence is reasonable, we

ordinarily expect it to be reasonable. United States v. Hunt, 526 F.3d 739, 746 

(11th Cir. 2008). 

The district judge considered the § 3553(a) factors, including the need to 

protect Brooks’s sister and mother from his dangerous criminal activity and the 

need to provide Brooks with needed medical care. The judge also considered 

Brooks’s criminal history category of VI and noted Brooks had not learned his 

lesson. We conclude Brooks’s 27-month sentence, imposed within the applicable 

Guidelines range, is substantively reasonable. 

AFFIRMED.

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