# Patent

## Title
Burrow filling compressed growing medium

## Abstract

A growing medium for use in plugging pest orifices includes a bulking agent and a water-retentive polymer blended together and compressed at a volume-to-volume ratio greater than 3:1, wherein the growing medium is at least 50% superabsorbing polymer.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/500,441 filed Jun. 23, 2011, and titled “Controlling Burrowing Animals.” Additionally, this application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/348,239 filed Jan. 11, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,316,581 issued Nov. 27, 2012, which application was a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/368,216 filed Feb. 9, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,256,160 issued Sep. 4, 2012, which application was a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/993,599 filed Nov. 19, 2004, which is now abandoned, both entitled “Compressed Growing Medium,” which applications are incorporated herein in their entireties.


BACKGROUND
Pre-seeded soil mixtures, such as germinating mixes, potting soils, peat cubes and compressed pellets, have been used in forestry, agricultural, commercial and home uses. These mixtures contain seeds dispersed in a soil mixture that is later deposited to allow the seeds to germinate and grow. These mixtures thus obviate time-consuming labor, such as digging, tilling and cultivating. Some mixtures are also used in indoor and outdoor pots and planters. Most soil mixtures are usually free from insects, diseases and weeds and have enough fertilizer incorporated for the first few weeks of plant growth. However, because of the favorable environment provided by the soil mixtures the seeds tend to germinate during storage or transport of the soil mixture before the mixture is deposited for its intended use. The seedlings are bulky and often become root-bound, resulting in limited time periods for storage and transportation. They are also exposed to injury and to unfavorable environmental conditions, resulting in excessively high mortality rates of the seedlings.
In order to prevent easy germination and seed mortality, soil mixtures have been compressed into soil wafers or pellets to provide easy modes of transporting the soil mixtures while limiting the water necessary for germination. However, these compressed wafers may not effectively prevent water intrusion or germination of the seeds. Furthermore, these compressed soil wafers or pellets have been distributed to desired areas by distributing them on the surface of a desired area.
In addition to the risks of early germination, newly planted, as well as established plants, are susceptible to damage from burrowing animals. Currently, the eradication of burrowing animals includes either trapping or poisoning the burrowing animals. The burrow systems of the burrowing animals are then left intact due to what was traditionally believed to be an inability to fill them. The resulting voids may pose health risks, be a likely location for flooding or other water related issues, or provide a convenient location for re-infestation.
SUMMARY
A growing medium includes a bulking agent and a water-retentive polymer blended together and compressed at a volume-to-volume ratio of at least 3:1.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a method of eradicating burrowing animals includes depositing an expanding growing medium in an open burrow and introducing a liquid to the expanding growing medium. In one embodiment, the expanding growing medium includes coir and a water-retentive polymer.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate various embodiments of the present system and method and are a part of the specification. The illustrated embodiments are merely examples of the present system and method and do not limit the scope thereof.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram depicting an exemplary embodiment of a method of making a compressed soil mixture.
FIG. 2a is a flow diagram depicting another exemplary embodiment of a method of making a compressed soil mixture.
FIG. 2b is a flow diagram depicting another exemplary embodiment of a method of making a compressed soil mixture.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram depicting another exemplary embodiment of a method of making a compressed soil mixture.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram depicting another exemplary embodiment of a method of making a compressed soil mixture.
FIG. 5 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a compressed soil pellet mixture.
FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary embodiment of a compressed soil pellet mixture.
FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a compressed soil wafer.
FIG. 8 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a grow bag.
FIG. 9 depicts a cross sectional view of a gopher burrow where a method of controlling burrowing animals may be applied, according to one exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 10 illustrates a cross sectional view of the gopher burrow of FIG. 9 after a time delay, according to one exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view of the gopher burrow of FIG. 9 after a time delay, according to one exemplary embodiment.



Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
An exemplary system and method for implementing a compressed growing medium is disclosed herein. More specifically, a compressed growing medium is disclosed that contains a water-retentive polymer, but, according to one exemplary embodiment, contains no binder material, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Numerous specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation and to provide a thorough understanding of the present system and method for implementing a compressed growing medium, including the use of the growing medium to eradicate burrowing pests. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present products and methods may be practiced without these specific details. Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearance of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the growing medium comprises a bulking agent in combination with a water retentive polymer and other components as described below.
According to one exemplary embodiment, a hydrophilic fibrous bulking agent forms a portion of the growing medium. Generally, the bulking agent ranges from about 5% to about 50% of the growing medium. Examples of the bulking agent include coir, peat, cotton, mineral wool, paper pulp, peat bark, birch bark, wool and/or hair. In one embodiment the bulking agent comprises coir. In one particular embodiment, the bulking agent comprises coir dust with a small amount of short to medium length coir fibers, and possibly other parts of the coconut that might enhance drainage and growth. Coir fibers assist in drainage of water while the coir dust enhances the expansion of the growing medium.
The bulking agent used in the growing medium may also be dehydrated, having a moisture of content of about 20% or less, and preferably of about 18% or less, and more preferably of about 11% or less. Using a dehydrated bulking agent helps maintain the potency of all growing medium components, including fertilizers and seeds, if included.
The bulking agent that is used in one example of the growing medium is also a non-composted low-compressed bulking agent. By using a non-composted low-compressed bulking agent the speed of dehydration and expansion of the growing medium is increased, and the expanded volume of the growing medium is usually equal to or greater than its volume before it is dehydrated and compressed. The dehydrated, non-composted low-compressed bulking agent also maintains the growing medium substantially free from all insects, diseases and weeds. A low compressed non-composted bulking agent is an bulking agent that has been compressed at a volume-to-volume ratio of not more than about 3:1 and has not been composted. Thus, in some instances it may be necessary to decompress compressed coir to a volume-to-volume ratio of about 3:1 or less. Use of the bulking agent along with the superabsorbing polymer described below facilitates the compression of the ingredients and forms a matrix to maintain the compressed shape. The maintenance of the compressed shape facilitates packaging, transport, and delivery of the compressed growing medium in burrows and other cavities without clogging. Moreover, the bulking agent provides structure to the resulting hydrated growing medium such that when the superabsorbing polymers are no longer hydrated and shrink. A pleasing color and added moisture holding capabilities are also provided by use of the bulking agent.
The grind size of the bulking agent helps to control the structural integrity of the growing medium even when wet, and also affects the expansion process. Generally, the grind size of the bulking agent depends on various factors of the growing medium, such as its size in compressed form, the size and type of any seeds included in the growing medium, and the amount of water drainage needed. Thus, the grind size is influenced by the location of use of the growing medium since the atmospheric conditions of locations vary from arid to humid, and since different climate zones support different types of seeds. Generally, the bulking agent grind size range from being able to pass through an approximately 1⁄8 inch mesh screen to being able to pass through an approximately 1 inch mesh screen.
The bulking agent may also include any added natural porous substrate that enhances the bulking agent, such as by adding beneficial nutrients or improving water drainage. Examples of suitable natural porous substrates include, but are not limited to, pine bark, fir bark, redwood bark, hardwood bark, polystyrene foam, sawdust, rock wool, perlite, vermiculite, scoria, composted organic materials, shale rock, calcined clay pellets and volcanic pumice. These porous substrates enhance the rate of water percolation or drainage pulled by gravity and the quantity of water stored after drainage. Additionally, nutrients such as worm castings, bat guano, and other nutrient rich fertilizers may also be included.
The growing medium also includes one or more water-retentive polymers. These polymers, also called superabsorbing polymers (SAP's), are hydrophobic materials that can absorb fluid and retain it under pressure without dissolution in the fluid being absorbed. The materials used are generally all synthesized by one of two routes. In the first, a water soluble polymer is cross-linked so that it can swell between cross-links but not dissolve. In the second, a water-soluble monomer is co-polymerized with a water-insoluble monomer into blocks. Generally, the water-retentive polymer is a non-foamed polymer. Suitable water-retentive polymers include, but are not limited to, saponified starch graft polyacrylonitrile copolymers, polyacrylic acid, polymalsia anhydride-vinyl monomer superabsorbents, starch-polyacrylic acid grafts, polyacrylonitrile based polymers, cross-linked polyacrylamide, cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene, cross-linked n-vinyl pyrrolidone or vinyl pyrrolidone-acrylamide copolymer, and polyvinyl alcohol superabsorbents. These polymers absorb many times their own weight in aqueous fluid. Additional suitable water-retentive polymers include, but are not limited to sodium propionate-acrylamide, poly(vinyl pyridine), polyethylene imine, polyphosphates, poly(ethylene oxide), vinyl alcohol copolymer with acrylamide, and vinyl alcohol copolymer with acrylic acid acrylate. Combinations of the above polymers may also be used, depending on the intended use of the growing medium, and the desired absorption and release rates of water and nutrients.
In one exemplary embodiment the water-retentive polymer is a potassium- or sodium-based polymer, such as a synthetic polyacrylate/polyacrylamide copolymer. Like many absorbent polymers, it can absorb many hundred times its weight in water. In an embodiment, the absorbent polymer is acrylamide/potassium acrylate copolymer. Potassium-based polymers are non-toxic and do not cause harm to the environment. Additionally, potassium is a nutrient that promotes plant development. Generally, the water-retentive polymer used ranges between 50 and 95% by dry weight of potassium acrylate acrylamide copolymer, more preferably in an amount from about 80% to about 90% by dry weight of the growing medium.
The growing medium may also include a non-ionic surfactant or emulsifier that wets the dry hydrophilic bulking agent and decreases surface tension that would otherwise prevent water take up. Thus, the surfactant increases the rate at which the bulking agent and water-retentive polymer absorbs water. Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block co-polymers; alkanol amides, betamol derivatives; block co-polymers comprising a series of condensates of ethylene oxide with hydrophobic bases formed by condensing propylene oxide with proylene glycol; ethyoxylated compounds comprising alcohols, alkyl phenols, amines and amides, alkylphenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, oxo-alcohol polyethylene glycol ethers, alkylphenol-ethoxylates, fatty or oxo-alcohol polyethylene glyco ethers, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic block copolymers. In one embodiment the non-ionic surfactant is polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer in an amount from about 0.001% to about 3.5% by dry weight of the total matrix.
The growing medium is also free of a water soluble binder material. Conventional growing media having a water-retentive polymer also contain a water soluble binder material, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate or a polyacrylate, to bind a growing medium together when wet and help to maintain the structural integrity of the growing medium. However, the compressed growing medium described herein does not require a binder material to maintain its structural integrity, and thus contains no PVA or other binder material.
The growing medium may also contain various other components. In one embodiment, the compressed growing medium includes seeds, thereby forming a pre-seeded compressed growing medium. The pre-seeded, compressed growing medium protects seeds against injury and enhances the conditions for germination and growth of seeds and plants. When wetted, the growing medium yields a gel that can bond to a growing surface, such as ground soil, localizing the seedling to grow at that point and binding the growing medium to the roots.
A pre-seeded, compressed growing medium typically uses a water retentive polymer that has a water absorbtivity from about 50 to about 600 times its weight. At such absorption levels, the entire composition upon exposure to rainfall or watering is converted to a wet, gas-permeable gel that protects and bonds the seed to the ground during germination, as well as fills any desired tunnel, orifice, or void.
The compressed growing medium may also contain a fertilizer. The majority of the added fertilizer is in water-insoluble granular form, and may be either organic or inorganic. The fertilizer also usually does not inhibit the water absorption or release functions of the water-retentive polymer. The specific fertilizer used in the compressed soil is specifically targeted to a particular plant or plants and geographical region, since different regions and plants can be benefited by different fertilizers. The fertilizer is preferably configured and chosen to contain nutrients that are effective for up to about 8 weeks. Examples of suitable fertilizers include, but are not limited to, manures, bone meals, blood meals, cottonseed meal, fish emulsion, sewage sludge, compost, urea, ureaform, isobutylidene diurea, slow-release fertilizers, sulfur-coated urea, oxamide, melamine, calcium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate, nitrate of soda, calcium cyanamide, ammonium sulphate (sulphate of ammonia), calcium ammonium nitrate (limestone ammonium nitrate), ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate nitrate, nitrogen solutions, ammonium nitrate, anhydrous ammonia, basic slag, single superphosphate, rock phosphate (raw), dicalcium phosphate, triple superphosphate, kainit, potassium magnesium sulphate (sulphate of potash magnesia), potassium chloride (muriate of potash), potassium sulphate (sulphate of potash), mono (di)-ammonium phosphate, ammoniated superphosphates, ammoniated polyphosphates, nitrophosphates, potassium nitrate, potassic slag, potassic superphosphates, compound fertilizers, complex fertilizers, mixed fertilizers, bulk blend and combinations thereof.
The compressed growing medium may also contain other components, such as nutrients, pesticides, insecticides, fungicides, plant growth enhancers, or other beneficial components known to those of skill in the art. These components are absorbed, stored and released by the water-retentive polymer(s) on a consistent level as needed by the plants. Additionally, the compressed growing medium may also contain odor components directed at repelling rodents, insects or other undesirable pests. Scents that may be used to repel pests include, but are in no way limited to, bleach, naphthalene, vanilla, cinnamon, peppermint, garlic, cayenne or other hot chilies/peppers, curry, cumin, urine, castor oil, sweet flag, lavender, pennyroyal, citronella, or any other repellent for a targeted pest. The various scents may be incorporated into the exemplary growing medium, according to one exemplary embodiment, as detailed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,488,703, which patent is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary method of making a compressed growing medium. The coir and/or other bulking agents are first dehydrated to about 20% moisture content or less in an air circulating oven set to approximately 95° C. (step 100). Preferably, the bulking agent is dehydrated to 18% or less humidity, and more preferably to about 11% or less humidity. If necessary, the bulking agent is also decompressed to a volume-to-volume ratio of about 3:1 or less. The growing medium components, including the bulking agent, the water-retentive polymer and any other additional components, are then blended together with a blender or other mixer (step 110). The mixture is then transported to a hopper that feeds a press (step 115). The auger takes air out of the mixture and keeps the mixture blended, which could separate if left standing for a period of time.
The growing medium, whether pre-seeded or non-seeded, is then compressed at a volume-to-volume ratio ranging from about 2:1 to about 15:1 in order to provide a compressed growing medium suitable for packaging, shipment and sale (step 120). Preferably the growing medium is compressed at a volume-to-volume ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 12:1, and more preferably from about 3:1 to about 8:1. The growing medium is typically compressed into bricks, slabs, wafers, pellets, cubes, triangles and any other shape. If the compressed growing medium includes seeds, its size and shape may be determined by the size of the included seeds and what is necessary to protect those seeds during compression. The terms “wafer” and “pellet” as used herein are not limited to any one shape, but may include shapes that are spherical, elliptical, egg-shaped, square, rectangular, crescent, convex, concave, flat or any other regular or irregular shape. Additionally, according to one exemplary embodiment, the compressed growing medium may then be further processed to various forms. According to one exemplary embodiment, the compressed wafer may be ground, cut, broken up, granulated, formed into spheres, or otherwise processed to form a more pourable or usable product. According to one exemplary embodiment, the exemplary growing medium is ground into irregular shapes, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,587,856, which patent is incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
The compressed bricks, slabs, wafers and pellets may then be packaged in pouches, grow-bags, cans, canisters, jars, boxes, and other packages known to those of skill in the art (step 150) for future use. The compressed soil, if containing seeds, is then vacuum packed to keep the environment dry and consistent to increase seed life longevity.
FIGS. 2-4 depict various embodiments of methods of making pre-seeded, compressed growing medium wafers and pellets. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, pre-seeded, compressed wafers and pellets are made by first blending together the growing medium components (step 200) in the manner described above. Seeds are then optionally added to this medium (step 210), which is then blended together by means of a mixing apparatus so as to produce a homogenous, or substantially homogenous, pre-seeded growing medium (step 220). The seeded mixture is then compressed at about room temperature to form a pre-seeded, compressed growing medium (step 230). The compression can be carried out by means of a pressing device, such as a compactor or two form cylinders rotating in opposite directions. If the growing medium is compressed while containing the seed, a lower pressure may be used to prevent injury to the seed. The pressure or tonnage used varies depending on the seed size and the compressed shape that particular seed needs, and is usually at about the maximum pressure possible that does not injure the seed(s) embedded in the mixture). In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 2b, the growing medium is compressed with concurrent agitation, such as by an auger, in order to thoroughly mix all components of the growing medium and prevent settling of heavier components, such as the water-retentive polymers, fertilizers and seeds (step 230b). The pre-seeded, compressed growing medium may then be molded, shaped or formed into wafers and/or pellets (step 240). The wafers and/or pellets are then packaged to reduce germination (step 250), as will be described in further detail below.
In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, a pre-seeded, compressed growing medium wafer is made by first preparing a growing medium from the above-described components (step 300). This growing medium is then pressed at high pressures (approximately 7500 psi, according to one exemplary embodiment) (step 310) before the seed is added to the growing medium (step 320). The pressure usually varies, depending on the shape of the compressed growing medium and whether it includes seeds or not. If the size of the compressed growing medium is small, any seeds are typically mixed in to the growing medium before compression. For larger compressed growing medium configurations, such as bricks, slabs or cubes the seed is added after the compression. The size of the cavity to hold the seed is determined by the size of the particular seed type used. Once the seed is placed in the cavity, the cavity opening is plugged (step 330) with a suitable material that will remain in place once dried and that is not toxic to the seed or germinating plant. In one embodiment the growing medium cavities are plugged with a paste composed of 50% by dry weight dry peat and 50% by dry weight of an aqueous solution containing 11.25% by dry weight PVA and 0.125% by dry weight non-ionic surfactant. Other materials may be used to plug the seed cavity, such as silicate clays. The compressed growing medium is then formed into wafers and pellets (step 340) and then packaged for sale (step 350).
In any method used, since heat may be released during the pressing process it may be necessary to design the pressing device and to carry out the pressing process in a manner to keep the temperature of the different constituents of the wafers or pellets, and in particular, the temperature of the grains of seed contained therein, from exceeding 35° C., and preferably from exceeding 30° C., so that the germinating ability of the grains of seed will not be negatively affected. After the wafers or pellets have been pressed, or possibly while they are being pressed, they may be cooled down again to normal room temperature of about 20° C. to 25° C., such as by passing an air stream through them or by exposing them to ambient temperature.
In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, compressed seed pellets are formed by first preparing a growing medium (step 400). A source of agronomic seeds are then contacted with a granulation pan (step 410). The growing medium is then contacted with the granulation pan (step 420) and the mixture is granulated (step 430) in the granulation pan to form pellets of encapsulated agronomic seeds. The compressed seed pellets may then be packaged (step 450), as described below.
Other methods for forming compressed pellets include spraying seeds while rotating in a mixer, the use of drum coaters, fluidized bed techniques, Wurster air suspension coating processes, pan coaters and spouted beds. In each of these methods the seeds may be presized prior to coating.
As shown in FIGS. 5-7, the pre-seeded compressed growing medium wafers (700) and pellets (500, 600) may contain seeds (510, 610, 710) uniformly dispersed throughout the soil mixture (520, 620, 720). The seeds used in the exemplary growing medium (510, 610, 710) may include, but are not limited to, seeds for vegetables, flowers, trees, grasses, herbs, grains, crops, and other plants. The wafers (700) and pellets (500, 600) may each contain at least one grain of seed, but may contain, depending on the type and size of the grains of seed, at least 2, preferably at least 4 or up to not more than 15 grains of seed. The grains of seed (510, 610, 710) are generally distributed uniformly over the entire volume of the wafers or pellets. In one embodiment the wafers (700) and pellets (500, 600) contain a variety or mixture of any of the above seeds. In one embodiment, shown in FIG. 4, the growing medium includes compressed pellets (500) in which each pellet (500) includes a seed (510), such as grass seeds, encapsulated in the growing medium (520). This embodiment is particularly useful in creating large, grassy areas such as in sports arenas, parks and playing fields. In a further embodiment, shown in FIG. 6, some of the compressed pellets (600) include seeds (610) encapsulated in the growing medium (620) while other pellets (630) contain a growing medium (620), but have no seeds.
As illustrated in the exemplary methods mentioned above, the pre-seeded, compressed growing medium wafers and pellets can be packaged to minimize and reduce germination of the seeds during storage and transport. (steps 150, 250, 350, 450) Since many factors contribute to seed germination, such as seed viability, ambient moisture, proper temperature, ample oxygen, and light, many methods are available to alter these factors to reduce seed germination during storage and transport. Maintaining humidity and/or oxygen levels at the lowest possible levels in the packaging is an efficient way of reducing premature seed germination and increasing the longevity of seed life before germination. Suitable methods for producing a dehydrated packaging include vacuum-packing, pillow packing, controlled atmosphere packing, modified atmosphere packing, desiccant packing, and other methods known to those of skill in the art.
In one embodiment the pre-seeded, compressed growing medium wafers and pellets are vacuum-packed. Vacuum packing is a process whereby air and/or the water in it are evacuated from a storage bag or container, thus decreasing the oxygen content and humidity in and around the soil mixture. Generally, the vacuum-packing process may be carried out by any process or apparatus known to those of skill in the art. Conventional vacuum-sealing or vacuum-packing machinery may be used, such as external clamp pouch machines, external clamp snorkel machines (also known as retractable nozzle machines) and chamber machines.
In other embodiment the wafers and pellets are packaged by pillow packing, controlled atmosphere packing or modified atmosphere packing. In these methods, after the growing medium is vacuum-packaged a gas or combination of gases is injected into the package to yield a package that has substantially all atmospheric oxygen removed but is not drawn down tight around the growing medium. Suitable gases include, but are not limited to nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and inert gases such as helium, argon, xenon and neon. The added gas or gases reduces the pressure generated by the package on the growing medium and seeds. These anoxic packages contain little to no oxygen, thus greatly inhibiting seed germination while permitting a higher moisture content to help maintain the integrity of the growing medium structure. In another embodiment, the compressed growing medium is vacuum freeze dried before packing.
In yet another embodiment, the growing medium is packaged with a desiccant to reduce the ambient humidity. Suitable desiccants include, but are not limited to, silica gel, clays, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, molecular sieves, charcoal, alumina, alumino silicate, calcium fluoride, lithium chloride, starches, a zeolite, barium oxide, magnesium perchlorate, glycerin, calcium hydride, phosphoric anhydride, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, ethylene glycol, barium oxide, sodium sulfate and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, inert gas may also be introduced into the package to replace air and/or moisture. Including a desiccant or inert gas significantly reduces humidity, thus greatly reducing seed germination.
The packages used for packaging the growing medium according to the above methods include, but are not limited to jars, cans, plastic pouches, standard flat vacuum pouches, and other packages known to those of skill in the art. In one embodiment the package comprises vacuum pouches made of multi-layered nylon and polyethylene. In another embodiment the package comprises plastic cans such as tennis ball cans. Since the vacuum-packing and other methods of packing described above are used to produce substantially dehydrated and anoxic packages for reduced seed germination, other methods of packing known to those of skill in the art that do not reduce humidity or oxygen content can be used for a compressed growing medium that is not pre-seeded.
In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 8, the compressed growing medium is packaged in a grow bag (800). The grow bag (800) generally includes a sealed plastic bag (810) that contains a compressed growing medium (820) inside, typically in a brick or slab form. The compressed bricks or slabs can range up to about 6 lbs, and are typically packaged in the plastic bag by vacuum-packing or other methods as described above that maintain the appropriate atmospheric conditions for reduced seed germination and enhanced seed longevity. The compressed growing medium (820) can also contain seeds (830) if it is a pre-seeded growing medium. The pre-seeded growing medium allows a user to just add water to begin the germination process. The plastic bag (810) is usually made from a breathable plastic, such as co-extruded polyethylene, polypropylene. The plastic used may also be configured to be rot-resistant, UV resistant, and/or weather resistant. The grow bag (800) obviates the need for a planter or pot because plants (840) can be planted in the grow bag (800) by cutting a hole (850) in the plastic bag (810) and planting in the exposed growing medium (820). Grow bags of this type are commonly used in horticulture and hydrophonic green house industries for growing strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and are also used in the floriculture industry for roses, gerbera and many more highly demanded seasonal and non-seasonal flowers.
The grow bag provides many benefits over traditional grow bags or growing media. Since the growing medium (820) used in the grow bag (800) contains a water-retentive polymer, the need for drainage holes can be eliminated since the polymer retains most of the moisture. The grow bags (800) also are easy to transport and take up little space since the growing medium (820) is compressed. When wetted, the growing medium expands and provides an enhanced growing environment for plants. Plants (840) grown in the grow bag (800) quickly develop more elaborate and stronger root systems and have significantly reduced root diseases (recent studies strongly suggest coir inhibits Pithium and Phytothora growth). The grow bags (800) are also recyclable and easy to handle or dispose.
The grow bag (800) may be fluted with pre-punched drain holes (860). The grow bag may also contain perforated sections (870) that can be manually torn and removed to expose the growing medium (820) for planting or to expose the growing medium (820) to improve aeration and access to sunlight and to remove the plastic bag (810) as a barrier to plant and seedling growth. Other drainage perforated sections (880) can be removed to provide water drainage holes. The plastic bag may also be printed with instructions where to pierce the bag, where the seeds have been placed, where seeds are to be placed and where the other materials such as the nutrients and polymers have been equally dispersed in the growing medium.
Generally, the compressed growing medium, whether in bricks, slabs, wafers and pellets, cubes or other shapes can be used anywhere a conventional soil or growing medium is used, including sports fields, parks, home lawns, gardens, indoor pots, outdoor pots, greenhouses, nurseries, farms, forests, and other agricultural, forest, commercial and home uses. By compressing the growing medium and packaging it to reduce germination, the seeds in the soil mixture live longer, thereby producing a higher quality product when it is deposited for its intended use. The compressed, packaged growing medium is also easier to transport and handle, being roughly 10% of the weight or a traditional planting medium.
The wafers and pellets can be deposited according to any method known to those of skill in the art, such as by hand or with machinery. After depositing the wafers and pellets, water is added to the soil mixture. When the soil mixture is wetted it becomes gel-like, expands, and bonds to the soil localizing the seedling's growth at the point the seed capsule is deposited. Approximately one inch of rain is required to activate the preferred capsule matrix; however, water requirements can be varied in light of local climate conditions, seed requirements, and resulting proportions of matrix components. The resulting gel-like structure permits the exchange of oxygen and the retention of water that are essential for the germination of the seeds. It also forms a mechanical barrier to predators. In addition, the encapsulating process permits the optional inclusion of nutrients, fertilizers and fungicides selected to address local conditions. In other embodiments the soil mixture includes commercial fungicides such as BanlateTM at levels to 5000 ppm, RidamilTM at levels to 50 ppm, and ThiaramTM at levels up to 25 ppm without toxic effect to the seeds, the polymers or the nutrients that might be added.
Precise ratios of ingredients affect the most advantageous characteristics of the growing medium. The particular use made of the growing medium and local growing conditions will dictate the ratios chosen. Generally the growing medium, when wetted, holds sufficient water to supply the needs of the germinating seeds, bedding plant, or house plant, but not hold so much to subject the seed or plant to a deleterious amount of water. The combination of component characteristics in the growing medium yields a product that has qualities of performance, convenience and cost-effectiveness.
Alternative Embodiment
According to one alternative embodiment, as noted above, the compressed growing medium may be used below the ground in burrows, holes, tunnels, hiding places, voids, or other cavities to eradicate and discourage reinfestation of unwanted pests (such as insects, reptiles, rodents and moles) while providing a viable and stable growing medium for future growth. The maintenance of a growing medium in the burrow, hole or other cavity also prevents reinfestation.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the above-mentioned expanding growing medium is placed into void opening such as gopher tunnels, squirrel burrows, bee hive, snake tunnel, or other animal or insect opening. The expanding growing medium could also be used to fill voids caused by erosion, or other voids occurring in the ground. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the expanding growing medium may, according to one exemplary embodiment, include a scent, a flavor, or a color to repel pests. Expanding growing medium may or may not contain plant nutrients.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the present exemplary expanding growing material can be used to eradicate a burrowing animal, such as a gopher. According to this exemplary embodiment, illustrated in FIGS. 9-11, expanding growing medium is added, with liquid such as water, to activate the expanding growing medium such that the expanding growing medium at least partially fills the burrow and tunnel system, forcing the animal out, and filling the burrow/tunnel systems such that no other gopher or other animal can use the system.
According to this exemplary embodiment, the hole or burrow of a burrowing animal is identified. Once identified, the expanding growing medium is applied to the animal hole. According to one exemplary embodiment, a portion of the expanding growing medium is applied to the hole and flushed into the burrow network of the burrowing animal with water. Additional growing medium may then be added to continue filling the burrow system. If a completely filled hole and burrow system is desired, the expanding growing medium may be reapplied to the burrow.
Referring now to FIGS. 9-11, a cross sectional view of a gopher burrow is shown that illustrates a gopher burrow during an application of the present exemplary growing medium. As illustrated above, the animal hole 12 is first identified. Again, the animal hole may be a burrowing animal, a beehive, a snake hole, etc. Once identified, a user will identify an access point to the burrow. For example, an animal hole 12 may have identifying features such as mounds and holes that may lead to a tunnel 14, which may be blocked with a plug 16, a drainage area 18, and a nest 20. According to one exemplary embodiment, a compressed wafer of growing medium may be inserted and hydrated in an identified tunnel 14 or hole 12 to serve as a plug in the present exemplary system. Once the orifice or burrow network is prepared, the expanding growing medium 22 may be applied to the hole 12. According to one exemplary embodiment, the expanding growing medium 22 may be washed down the animal hole 12 by adding water 24 thereto by a hose 25 or other water source, for example. Alternatively, the expanding growing medium may be extruded or otherwise compressed to form a chord or cylinder that may be pressed into or run down the hole 12 into the tunnel 14. The combination 26 of expanding growing medium 22 and water 24 may be thoroughly distributed to areas of animal hole 12. Expanding growing medium 22 may include high levels of a superabsorbing polymer and/or a surfactant that may facilitate wetting and react with the water to fill voids or seal off other aspects of animal hole 12.
According to one exemplary embodiment, the present method includes waiting for a period of time, which may allow combination 26 to expand. FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the burrow after partial filling of the burrow, and upon completion, respectively, of the method described herein. A determination may be made by visual inspection whether to reapply expanding growing medium 22 to the animal hole. The method described herein may be repeated at any additional animal holes in the area that may be in communication with tunnel 14 or nest 20.
According to some exemplary embodiments, the method of controlling burrowing animals may further include adding a trap to the animal hole to catch the animal if it is flushed out alive during the expansion of the growing medium.
According to some exemplary embodiments, expanding growing medium 22 may be a wafer, granular, spherical, or otherwise shaped material, which may be a non-toxic product that may have a low environmental impact, and may be safe for use in all soil conditions. According to other exemplary embodiments, expanding growing medium 22 may be a first part of a binary self-expanding polymer foam, and may be washed down animal hole 12 by a second part of the binary self-expanding polymer foam.
Additionally, according to one exemplary embodiment, the present systems and methods may be used to limit burrowing animals passage through its tunnels from uncontrolled areas of pest activity to controlled areas such landscaped areas adjacent to unlandscaped areas, or to prevent pests from going back and forth to/from neighboring properties. As mentioned above, large amounts of the present exemplary growing material may be hydrated in the passage, or one or more wafers may be inserted and hydrated in the passage to form a plug.
In yet another exemplary embodiment, the present expanding growing medium may be used with an insect such as a bee. Often bees will nest in voids in trees or other areas. The present exemplary growing medium can be inserted into an infested void to either eliminate current infestation or prevent subsequent infestation. Similarly, the present exemplary growing medium may be used to fill any number of voids or holes in the ground, such as voids caused by the removal of a tree stump the or removal of underground piping. The present exemplary expanding growing medium can be used to fill these voids for health, safety, prevention of future pests, or aesthetic reasons.
The preceding description has been presented only to illustrate and describe exemplary embodiments of the present system and method. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the system and method to any precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the system and method be defined by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A method for using expanding growing medium, comprising:
providing an expanding growing medium having:
a superabsorbing polymer; and
a non-composting coir bulking agent, where the non-composting coir bulking agent includes coir dust and coir fibers;
wherein said superabsorbing polymer and said non-composting coir bulking agent are compressed into a shape that is maintained until hydration of said expanding growing medium;

inserting said expanding growing medium to limit passage of existing animals within a tunnel in communication with a pest nest
hydrating the expanding growing medium within the tunnel.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said expanding growing medium comprises between 50% and 95% superabsorbing polymer.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a pest repelling scent.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said pest repelling scent comprises one of bleach, naphthalene, vanilla, cinnamon, peppermint, garlic, cayenne or other hot chilies/peppers, curry, cumin, urine, castor oil, sweet flag, lavender, pennyroyal, or citronella.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising nutrients.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said expanding growing medium further comprises approximately 85% superabsorbing polymer, approximately 14% non-composting coir bulking agent, and approximately 1% rodent repelling scent.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said superabsorbing polymer comprises a starch based polymer.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a surfactant or emulsifier.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said superabsorbing polymer and said non-composting coir bulking agent are compressed at a compression ration greater than 3:1 relative to a mixed uncompressed state.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said compressed growing medium is not hydrophobic and maintains a compressed shape without a water soluble binder until hydrated.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said growing medium is compressed into a wafer, pellet, brick, slab, cube, sphere, cord, cylinder triangle, or irregular shape.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising a fertilizer, nutrients, a pesticide, an insecticide, or a fungicide.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising seeds.

14. A method of using a pest infested orifice growing medium, comprising:
providing a non-composting coir bulking agent, where the non-composting coir bulking agent includes coir dust and coir fibers;
adding a superabsorbing polymer to said non-composting bulking agent;
compressing said non-composting coir bulking agent and said superabsorbing polymer from a volume-to-volume ratio of about 2:1 to a volume-to-volume ratio of about 15:1;
inserting said compressed bulking agent and said superabsorbing polymer that form a compressed growing medium into a pest orifice that contains a nest and maintains said compressed state until hydrated.

15. The method of making said growing medium of claim 14, wherein said superabsorbing polymer comprises between 50% and 95% of said compressed growing medium.

16. The method of making said growing medium of claim 14, wherein said superabsorbing polymer comprises about 85% of said compressed growing medium.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the expanding growing medium blocks access to the nest located within the pest orifice when hydrated.