CRREL REPORT 95-2

A Modeling-Based Evaluation of the

Effect of Wastewater Application

Practices on Groundwater Quality

Charles M. Reynolds and Iskandar K. Iskandar February 1995
Abstract

The model WASTEN was used to compare several nitrogen input scenarios

and to predict the levels of nitrate in groundwater for a proposed wastewater

treatment facility at Fort Dix, New Jersey. The primary variables tested were

input concentration of NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen) and NH4-N (ammonium nitrogen) and long-term application of wastewater. Two NO3-N loading rates, 4

and 10 mg NO3-N/L, were tested for 168-day simulations. The system’s response was estimated from the NO3-N concentration in water draining below

150 cm. For both input NO3-N concentrations, the predicted NO3-N concentrations in the leachate below 150 cm were less than 2 mg NO3-N/L. The

initial NO3-N in the soil profile represented typical background levels for this

site. The final NO3-N in the soil profile was affected by both denitrification and

leaching. The initial NH4-N in the simulated soil profile was equal to the

extractable NH4-N from soil samples taken at the Fort Dix site. Because a

portion of the extractable NH4-N exists as exchangeable rather than solution

NH4-N, the soil profile values for the solution NH4-N used in the simulation

were greater than actual soil solution values would be. Moreover, by adjusting

model coefficients, all the initial NH4-N was forced to leach in the model

simulations rather than be subjected to nitrification, denitrification, immobilization or plant uptake. Due to the retardation effects on NH4-N mobility caused

by soil-ion sorption, the NH4-N leaching was distributed over an extended

time rather than moving rapidly below the unsaturated zone. With these assumptions, the WASTEN model predicted that the NO3-N at 150 cm would be

less than 1 mg NO3-N/L if the applied NO3-N was 4 mg NO3-N/L, and less

than 2 mg NO3-N/L if 10 mg NO3-N/L was applied. The predicted concentration in the leachate was very low, even when an initial, uniform saturation of

5.0 mg NH4-N/L in the soil profile was assumed. In field situations there

would be little, if any, 

NO4

+ present following tertiary treatment of wastewater.

Based on these calculations, the predicted 

NO4

+ concentration of NH4-N in the

applied effluent would remain within regulatory requirements.

For conversion of SI metric units to U.S./British customary units of measurement

consult ASTM Standard E380-89a, Standard Practice for Use of the International

System of Units, published by the American Society for Testing and Materials,

1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.

Cover: Predicted soil nitrate distribution following pulsed wastewater application. The model output illustrates the combined effects of denitrification and nitrate transport.
CRREL Report 95-2

A Modeling-Based Evaluation of the

Effect of Wastewater Application

Practices on Groundwater Quality

Charles M. Reynolds and Iskandar K. Iskandar February 1995

Prepared for

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

US Army Corps

of Engineers

Cold Regions Research &

Engineering Laboratory
ii

PREFACE

This report was prepared by Dr. Charles M. Reynolds, Research Physical Scientist, and

Dr. Iskandar K. Iskandar, Chief, Geochemical Sciences Branch, Research Division, U.S.

Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). This work was initiated through the Numerical Model Maintenance Program, sponsored by HQUSACE

#E8591S048. Major funding for the body of this work was provided by support from the

U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia, Project AT24-SS-020, Chemical Species Transport

Phenomena in Snow and Frozen Ground, and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Enhancing Bioremediation Processes in Cold Regions.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of N. Hubler and P. Sitkowski, both

of the U.S. Army Engineer District, Philadelphia; B. Neal, of Headquarters, Corps of Engineers; and Joe Roberto, CRREL, for administrative support. Appreciation is extended to

Dr. Duane C. Wolf, University of Arkansas; Dr. Glen V. Wilson, University of Tennessee;

Dr. H. Magdi Selim, Louisiana State University; and Susan E. Hardy, CRREL, for their

thoughtful and critical reviews.

The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising or promotional purposes.

Citation of brand names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use

of such commercial products.
iii

CONTENTS

Page

Preface ................................................................................................................................ ii

Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1

Bioremediation ............................................................................................................. 1

History ........................................................................................................................... 2

Modeling ............................................................................................................................ 2

Types .............................................................................................................................. 2

WASTEN ....................................................................................................................... 2

Validation ...................................................................................................................... 3

Dentrification .................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3

Carbon ........................................................................................................................... 4

Soil solution reaction ................................................................................................... 4

Temperature ................................................................................................................. 4

Methods ............................................................................................................................. 4

Initial short-term simulations .................................................................................... 4

Long-term steady-state simulations .......................................................................... 5

Soil-water potential ..................................................................................................... 8

Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 8

Literature cited .................................................................................................................. 9

Appendix A: Publications relating to WASTEN, its development and its testing . 11

Appendix B: Results of simulation 1.............................................................................. 13

Appendix C: Results of simulation 2 ............................................................................. 21

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure

1. Nitrogen transformation processes considered in the nitrogen submodel ..... 2

2. Simplified nitrogen model showing the water and nitrogen submodels ........ 3

3. Interaction of nitrogen species and idealized model solution .......................... 3

4. NO3-N efflux from the soil profile during wastewater application ................. 6

5. NO3-N in the soil profile ......................................................................................... 7

6. NH4-N assuming a uniform initial concentration of 5 mg NH4-N/L and no

transformations .............................................................................................. 7

7. Soil-water potential distribution............................................................................ 8
INTRODUCTION

Wastewater treatment in soil by land application is a proven and effective technology that advantageously uses the natural ability of soil to degrade organic molecules on a long-term, regenerative basis. Because there are numerous interacting

processes involved, mechanistic dynamic simulation models can provide insight into a system’s

response to a number of conditions. The model

WASTEN was developed by Selim and Iskandar

(1981) to predict nitrogen transport and transformations in soils receiving wastewater.

CRREL has assisted the Philadelphia District

of the Corps of Engineers by providing technical

consultation and WASTEN simulations for conditions appropriate for a proposed treatment facility at Fort Dix, New Jersey. We compared several

nitrogen input scenarios and predicted the levels

of nitrate in the groundwater for the proposed site.

Overview

In recent years the combined impacts of intentional and accidental releases of chemicals and

waste solutions in and on soils, and our awareness of the vulnerability of groundwater to pollution from surface sources, have received increased

attention. The rate of movement or transport of

chemicals in soil and subsoils can vary tremendously, and consequently the time required for a

solute to reach a given depth varies. Transport determines the residence time of a compound in each

particular soil zone. During a chemical’s residence

in a soil zone, the chemical is subject to a host of

biological, chemical and physical processes that

combine to ultimately determine its fate. The governing processes are intimately linked to one another in myriad, complex chains of reactions and

processes. Moreover, each process directly involved in altering a particular compound is, in

turn, influenced by a multitude of other variables.

Furthermore, the effects of these variables on different chemicals are not necessarily in the same

magnitude or direction.

Many of the processes that occur are controlled

by microbial, and thereby enzymatic, activity. The

importance of microbial and enzymatic activities

in transforming or degrading compounds containing energy or nutrient sources, such as nitrogen,

carbon, phosphorus and sulfur, is reasonably intuitive. Nevertheless, physio-chemical processes,

such as sorption–desorption and diffusion, are also

important in determining the fate of compounds.

Microbial or enzymatic processes can also influence compounds, such as metals, that are not used

as nutrient or energy sources. In many instances,

microbial-induced changes in microsite environments can induce fixation, immobilization or solvation of metals.

Bioremediation

 The soil-mediated processes involved in the

land treatment of wastewater are not new or unnatural. Microbes are known to adapt over time to

transform or degrade compounds in their environment, and their enzymes can readily transform or

completely degrade many non-anthropogenic organic compounds. Microbial enzyme systems may

not be as efficient in transforming and breaking

down more complex, anthropogenic molecules.

However, there are enzymes that catalyze many

of the reactions needed to degrade more recalcitrant, complex molecules. Often, a series of reactions must occur in a specific sequence to yield a

desirable product. The conditions that favor any

one of these processes may inhibit another proA Modeling-Based Evaluation of the

Effect of Wastewater Application Practices on

Groundwater Quality

CHARLES M. REYNOLDS AND ISKANDAR K. ISKANDAR
cess, and the design and operation of a soil-based

land treatment facility must consider these effects.

Land treatment of wastewater is one of the earliest bioremediation techniques. The goal of the research preceding WASTEN was to understand how

various soil conditions interact with processes,

thereby enabling advantageous manipulation of

soil conditions.

History

For early man, waste disposal was simple and

without alternatives. In areas of sufficiently low

population density, slight alterations of the earliest disposal methods may still suffice. However,

as man became less nomadic and population centers developed, sanitation and health problems associated with ineffective waste disposal became

more urgent. Land application to treat collected

wastes and wastewater has been practiced for

many years, and there are documented accounts

of wastewater and sludge applications to soil during the 16th century (Wierzbicki 1977, Iskandar

1978). Pound and Crites (1975) cited currently operational systems in the United States that were

started in approximately 1900.

Early practices of waste and wastewater application to soil were driven by the need to dispose

of wastes. Although many soils have considerable

natural capacity to treat wastes, little attention was

given to operation or management. In the mid1970s, research focused on identifying and understanding the controlling processes and their interactions. The inherent complexity of the overall

process of soil-based remediation became increasingly apparent. Although useful empirical data

could be obtained, the number of uncontrollable

factors operating at any specific site or time made

a strictly empirical approach intractable. To address these issues, modeling was incorporated into

the research programs.

MODELING

Types

Many early models were primarily research oriented. Although model development and testing

is still an active area for research, a number of design or management models have been spawned

from earlier research programs. Management or

operational models range from complex to fairly

simple. Generally there is a compromise between

the two extremes. More complex models require

more input data and user knowledge and, being

numerically complex, require more computer

power and time to operate. Relatively simple models require less input data, less operator knowledge and less computing capabilities, but their output has less information about variations with soil

depth. Safeguards are incorporated to prevent

grossly erroneous output.

WASTEN

WASTEN is a dynamic simulation model developed at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory by CRREL researchers and cooperating scientists (Selim and Iskandar 1981).

Originally developed as a research tool, WASTEN

incorporates a number of features not usually included in management-focused models. However,

the increased capabilities and availability of computers has enabled the use of WASTEN for design,

operation and management. In addition to the initial concentrations and distributions of NH4-N

(ammonium nitrogen) and NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen) in the soil profile, wastewater application factors that can be input into WASTEN include the

rate of application, the duration of application, the

NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations and the wastewater application schedule or cycling. WASTEN

can account for plant uptake, evapotranspiration,

rainfall, soil layers and leaching. Nitrogen transFigure 1. Nitrogen transformation processes considered in the nitrogen

submodel. (After Selim and Iskandar 1981.)

KD K1

K2

NH -N in Immobilized

and Exchangeable

Phases

4 NH -N in 4

Solution Phase

NH -N in

Solution Phase

3

Nitrogen

Denitrified

Wastewater

N

Plant

Uptake

2
Nitrogen

submodel

Initial soil water

and nitrogen distribution Input Water

nitrogen

N-Transformations

N-Plant uptake

N-Transport

Water

submodel

Soil water

Plant uptake

Infiltration fluxes

Water content

Concentation of

N species

Plant uptake

with time

and soil depth

Figure 2. Simplified nitrogen model showing the water and nitrogen submodels. (After Selim and Iskandar 1980.)

Figure 3. Interaction of nitrogen species and idealized model solution.

formations addressed include nitrification

of ammonium to nitrate, ammonium exchange on soil, and denitrification. Organic

matter mineralization and immobilization

are not specifically addressed by WASTEN,

although control can be asserted through

the nitrogen transformation rate constants.

The relationships among these nitrogen

forms and interacting processes are shown

in Figure 1.

WASTEN includes a water transport

submodel that is linked with a nitrogen

submodel (Fig. 2). This linkage allows

WASTEN to be used for steady-state and

transient flow conditions, and it predicts

water content and water flux throughout

the soil profile and allows for upwards

flow due to evapotranspiration.

The nitrogen submodel of WASTEN is

built around the convective–dispersive

transport equation, which couples the

equation for continuity of mass with Fick’s

second law of diffusion. The resulting

equation accounts for transport by diffusion, hydrodynamic dispersion and mass

flow. For each nitrogen form treated by WASTEN,

one analogous equation is developed (Fig. 3). Additionally, transformation processes are added onto

each equation as source or sink terms. In use,

WASTEN solves the resulting series of coupled equations by a modified, Crank–Nicolson, explicit–implicit finite-difference method. Integrated within the

model is a water transport model that provides

moisture content and flux at each node.

 

where D dispersion coefficient

C concentration

t time

z depth

V average pore water velocity

=

=

=

=

=

 

∂

∂ = ∂

∂ − ∂

∂ + −−

+

C

t

D C

z V C

z sources sinks plant uptake

Dispersion Mass Flow Microbial

Transport Transformations

2

2 1234 123 1 2 44 3 44

1 2 4444 3 4444

3
Validation

WASTEN has been extensively tested in both

laboratory and field investigations. A listing of

publications relating to WASTEN, its development

and its testing is provided in Appendix A.

WASTEN was recently used successfully and fieldverified independently by researchers in Czechoslovakia to model the transport and transformation of nitrogen from fertilizer applications (Benes

et al. 1989).

DENITRIFICATION

Introduction

A major component of WASTEN for wastewater treatment is denitrification—the microbial reduction of nitrate ( 

NO3

– ) and nitrite ( 

NO2

– ) to gaseous nitrogen (N) products, either as molecular N

(N2) or as oxides of N (NO, N2O). Firestone (1982)

depicted the overall pathway as:

 

NO3

– → 

 

NO2

– → NO → N2O → N2 .

WASTEN uses first-order kinetics to describe the

rate of denitrification. The reaction kinetics are also

linked to soil aeration, expressed as and calculated

from soil moisture content. In this way, for the denitrification component of the model to be active,

both nitrate and aeration criteria must be met.

Firestone (1982) reported that approximately 23

genera of bacteria can perform denitrification and

that almost all denitrifying bacteria are aerobic organisms capable of anaerobic growth only in the

presence of nitrogen oxides. The important consequence is that for land treatment of wastewater,

the microbes responsible for denitrification are able

to survive in the alternating saturated and nonsaturated conditions to which the soil profile is subjected. For denitrification to occur, several criteria

must be met: obviously an 

NO3

– source must exist, oxidation conditions must be reduced, and a

carbon (C) source must be available.

Carbon

Given necessary nitrate levels and anaerobic

conditions, other factors influencing denitrification

include available C, pH and temperature. Of these,

C is frequently the limiting factor. It is well established that C levels are important in controlling

denitrification, both as a source of cell material and

as electron donors. The form of C is also important. In general, more-soluble C sources have a

more rapid and greater effect than less-soluble C

forms. Burford and Bremner (1975) observed positive correlations between denitrification and mineralizable C and also denitrification and watersoluble C. Stanford et al. (1975) found a positive

correlation between denitrification and 0.01 M

CaCl2 extractable C. Because rhizosphere effects

are generally thought to be caused by root excretions of C compounds, rhizosphere and root–soil

interactions can also influence denitrification.

For soil systems that cycle between aerated and

saturated conditions, C drives both the aerobic and

the anaerobic processes. At the onset of saturation,

dissolved O2 in the soil solution creates aerobic

conditions until the O2 is depleted by microbial

respiration. During respiration, O2 consumption

by microbial reduction requires C as an electron

donor. As O2 is depleted and soil atmosphere conditions become increasingly reduced, C oxidation

will continue to occur, but 

NO3

– serves as the electron acceptor. Consequently the cycling and denitrification of N is intimately linked with C metabolism.

Soil solution reaction

The effect of soil solution pH has been shown

to influence denitrification activity (Firestone

1982). Denitrification has been observed in soils

with a pH less than 5 (Gilliam and Gambrell 1978)

and has even been observed in more acid soils of

pH 3.5–4.0 (Klemmedtsson et al. 1978). It has been

hypothesized that the effects of pH on denitrification may be related to interactions of pH and trace

metal activity, especially molybdenum. Molybdenum is a necessary cofactor for nitrate reductase,

a key enzyme in denitrification. There are numerous observations supporting denitrification over

a wide pH range, and the most common influence

is an increased proportion of N2O produced as the

pH decreases (Firestone 1982).

Temperature

Within limits, denitrification appears to follow

the Arrhenius equation:

ln v = (– ∆H*/RT) + C

where v = velocity

∆H* = activation energy

R = gas constant

T = temperature (K)

C = constant.

Although temperature affects the rate of chemical and biological processes, significant denitrifying activity has been found in soils at low tem4
peratures. Gamble et al. (1977) found that of 95

denitrifying isolates collected from diverse temperate soils, 65 were capable of growth and activity at 4°C, and 10 were capable of growth at 41°C.

Most evidence indicates that, as a result of the diverse genera of bacteria involved, denitrifying organisms have adapted to a wide range of temperatures. Consequently, essentially all soils subjected

to a range of temperatures demonstrate denitrification activity over that range.

METHODS

CRREL assisted the Philadelphia District of the

Corps of Engineers by providing WASTEN simulations for conditions appropriate for a proposed

treatment facility at Fort Dix. Both short-term and

long-term steady-state simulations were run.

Initial short-term simulations

Input

The initial WASTEN simulations were based on

conservative input data estimates, representing

worse-than-expected conditions:

• The soil depth from the surface to the water

table was set at 150 cm (4 ft).

• The soil was assumed to have three layers

within the profile.

• The soil-water characteristics for the simulation were described using an equation developed by Green and Corey (1971), and the

coefficients used were from Windsor sandy

loam soil, B horizon, which has physical properties similar to the soil at the Fort Dix site.

• The plant uptake and evapotranspiration

were set to zero.

• The loading rate for nitrogen was based on

4 mg NO3-N/L in wastewater and approximately 21 cm of wastewater applied per

cycle. This application was determined from

the 5.6 million gallons/day (mgd) on a 25-

acre surface.

• The initial conditions for the soil profile were

(a) saturation throughout to provide maximal NO3-N transport rates, and (b) negligible NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations.

• Denitrification was based on first-order kinetics and moisture content. The relatively

conservative denitrification rate used was

0.01 hr–1. Since no NHx-N was applied, nitrification rates are not active in this simulation.

• The depth (cm) of wastewater applied and

the concentration (mg/L) of NH4-N and

NO3-N are listed for each simulation cycle.

The output obtained from the model included:

• The predicted NO3-N concentrations for the

entire profile to a depth of 150 cm at 2-cm

increments;

• The amount of groundwater outflow during the cycle (cm); and

• The amount of NO3-N leached below the unsaturated zone.

The concentration of N entering groundwater from

the soil profile can be calculated from the water

outflow and the amount of NO3-N leached. Since

the model output uses a 1000-cm2 area, the mean

concentration of N in water entering the saturated

zone is:

 

total N leached mg N 1000cm3

total water outflow cm area 1000cm2 L

 mg N

L

( ) ( )

( ) × ( ) ×

= .

Results

Initially two simulations were run. Simulation

1 (App. B) represented 21 cm of 4 mg NO3-N/L

applied once, with the output listed every day for

four days following application. The mean concentration of the output N was 0.97 mg N/L, which

included and was “diluted” with the water initially

in the profile. At day 4 the NO3-N “bulge” is at

approximately 35 cm. Also, the average total output, about 0.097 mg N/L, is less than the initial N

concentration in the profile (0.1 mg N/L). That is,

the leading edge of the incoming wastewater is

being denitrified sufficiently so that it dilutes the

already low N concentrations in the profile.

Simulation 2 (App. C) represented 21 cm of 4

mg NO3-N/L water applied daily for four consecutive days, with the output given daily. This simulates repeated applications of all the wastewater

on half the total acreage. Following the fourth day

of N application, the output was continued for

several more days of leaching. The final output

estimated the NO3-N concentrations in the lower

profile to be 1.105 mg N/L, and the mean cumulative N concentration entering the groundwater was

predicted to be 1.6 mg N/L.

Long-term steady-state simulations

Input

Based on the results of the first two simulations,

further model simulations were conducted to provide insight into longer-term effects of land treat5
c. Days 1–89, 4 mg NO3-N/L in wastewater; days 90–156, 10

mg NO3-N/L in wastewater. mg NO -N/L 3 3

2

1

0 12 36 48 60 72 84 96 24

Time (days)

108 120 132 144 156 168

Time (days)

3

2

1

0 12 36 48 60 72 24

mg NO -N/L 3 3

2

1

0 12 36 48 60 72 84 96 24

mg NO -N/L 3

Time (days)

Figure 4. NO3-N efflux from the soil profile during wastewater

application (12-day cycles).

ment on the projected soil profile efflux NO3-

N concentration levels at the site. Additionally,

the wastewater dosages were changed to more

accurately reflect those intended for the site.

The simulations were continued until the longterm trend of the NO3-N outflow was discernible. The input data more accurately represented the proposed soil renovation treatment

for wastewater:

• The loading rates for nitrogen were

based on either 4 or 10 mg NO3-N/L in

wastewater and approximately 104 cm

of wastewater applied per cycle. These

two N concentrations were used to represent the design- and worst-case N levels in the effluent. (Earlier simulations

used 4 mg NO3-N/L at a depth of 21 cm.)

• The application volume (ponding depth)

was determined from a loading rate of

4.6 million gallons/day for two consecutive days, on an 8-acre surface (two cells,

each having an area of 4 acres). The application was followed by a 10-day rest.

• From the data provided by the Philadelphia District of the Corps of Engineers,

an initial concentration of 0.5 mg NO3-

N/L was assumed in the entire soil profile.

• The simulations were conducted for

seven 12-day cycles with 104 cm of 4 mg

NO3-N/L applied each cycle, and also

five 12-day cycles with 104 cm of 10-mg

NO3-N/L wastewater applied each

cycle.

• Additionally the two simulations were

run sequentially, with applications of 4

mg NO3-N/L followed by a series of

applications of 10 mg NO3-N/L.

• The initial ammoniacal N was assumed

to be 5.0 mg/L NHx-N, based on data

provided by the Philadelphia District of

the Corps of Engineers.

The following input data and assumptions

were the same as those used for the earlier

simulations. As stated before, these are conservative assumptions and estimates, representing worse-than-expected conditions.

• The soil depth to the water table was set

at 150 cm (4.9 ft), which is conservative.

Temporary water table mounding during infiltration could conceivably raise

the water table significantly for short

periods. This effect would most likely increase denitrification by reducing the ava. 4 mg NO3-N/L applied.

b. 10 mg NO3-N/L applied.

6
b. 10 mg NO3-N/L applied.

a. 4 mg NO3-N/L applied.

Figure 5. NO3-N in the soil profile.

erage velocity of water movement. Moreover, denitrification would be promoted by

saturated conditions.

• The soil was assumed to have three layers

within the profile.

• The soil-water characteristics for the simulation were described using an equation developed by Green and Corey (1971) and using coefficients from Windsor sandy loam

soil, B horizon, which is similar to the soil at

the Fort Dix site.

• The plant uptake and evapotranspiration

were set to zero. Ultimately these two processes will tend to reduce N levels in the soil,

either by direct uptake or by increasing the

conditions that promote denitrification. Setting coefficients for evapotranspiration and

plant uptake of N forces the model to assume that N not lost by denitrification will

be lost as NO3-N leachate.

• Denitrification was based on first-order kinetics and moisture content. The relatively

conservative denitrification rate used was

0.01 hr–1.

Results

Figures 4–7 show the output from these simulations. The concentration values for the output

were derived using the same technique as used in

the short-term simulations. The WASTEN model

simulations indicated that, under the conditions

used for the computer simulations, the NO3-N concentrations in the soil solution leaving the upper

150 cm of the soil profile would not exceed 2.0 mg/

L. This was true for both application rates: 4.0 and

10.0 mg/L NO3-N in the wastewater (Fig. 4a and

b). Additionally, NO3-N output following 168 days

of treatment (seven cycles each of 4.0 and 10.0 mg/

L NO3-N in the wastewater) showed NO3-N efflux

below 2 mg/L NO3-N (Fig. 4c).

7
b. NH4-N distribution in the soil profile.

Figure 6. NH4-N assuming a uniform initial concentration of 5 mg NH4-N/L and no transformations.

Figure 7. Soil-water potential distribution. Zero kPa indicates complete porespace saturation.

6

4

2

0 12 36 48 60 72 24

Time (days)

4 NH -N (mg/L)

a. NH4-N efflux from the soil profile.

NH4-N (mg/L)

8
microbial processes to occur that will promote the

metabolism of added organic material.

Like all dynamic simulation models that describe a series of complex, interrelated processes,

WASTEN estimates the impacts that might result

from changing input variables. The results from

model simulations provide insight into the trends

and direction of potential outcomes resulting from

changing conditions. The model output is a legitimate means to express magnitude and direction,

but it does not necessarily represent the exact values that will be measured in the field. This concept can be appreciated by considering the difficulty in accurately measuring existing properties

and concentrations in field samples. Nevertheless

the validity and utility of using models to estimate

the impact of different design and operation options is well accepted.

LITERATURE CITED

Benes, V., V. Pekny, J. Skorepa and J. Vrba (1989)

Impact of diffuse nitrate pollution sources on

groundwater quality—some examples from

Czechoslovakia. Environmental Health Perspectives,

83: 5–24.

Burford, J.R. and J.M. Bremner (1975) Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils

and total, water soluble, and readily decomposable soil organic matter. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 7: 389–394.

Firestone, M.K. (1982) Biological denitrification.

In Nitrogen in Agricultural Soils, (F.J. Stevenson,

Ed.). Agronomy 22, p. 289–326.

Gamble, T.N., M.R. Betlach and J.M. Tiedje (1977)

Numerically dominant denitrifying bacteria from

world soils. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 33:

926–939.

Gilliam, J.W. and R.P. Gambrell (1978) Temperature and pH as limiting factors in loss of nitrate

from saturated Atlantic Coastal Plain soils. Journal

of Environmental Quality, 7: 526–532.

Green, R.E. and J.C. Corey (1971) Calculation of

hydraulic conductivity: A further evaluation of

some predictive methods. Soil Science Society of

America Proceedings, 35: 3–8.

Iskandar, I.K. (1978) The effect of waste water reuse in cold regions on land treatment systems. Journal of Environmental Quality, 7(3): 361–368.

Klemedtsson, L., B.H. Swenson, T. Lindberg and

T. Rosswall (1978) The use of acetylene inhibition

of nitrous oxide reductase in quantifying denitriThe profile distributions of NO3-N for both 4

and 10 mg/L NO3-N exhibited high initial concentrations of NO3-N, essentially equivalent to that

in the applied wastewater, in the upper profile (Fig.

5). During the cycle, NO3-N levels decreased as

denitrification proceeded.

A high, uniform initial ammoniacal-N concentration of 5.0 mg/L NHx-N in the soil profile

was also tested to demonstrate the release of NH4-

N from the 150-cm profile. For this simulation the

nitrification coefficient was set to zero, thereby

forcing all NH4-N to leach. After an initial release

the NH4-N had relatively insignificant effects on

N concentrations in the leachate (Fig. 6a). Due to

cation exchange processes between the soil and

NH4-N cations, movement of NH4-N is slow in

the soil profile (Fig. 6b). Even starting with a high,

uniform distribution and setting model parameters

to allow leaching as the only loss pathway, as was

done in the simulation, N contributions to the

leachate were diffused over an extended time and

therefore made relatively minor contributions to

leachate N levels.

Soil-water potential

Soil-water potential, expressed in tension values, are shown in Figure 7. At lower soil depths

the soil remains essentially saturated. In the upper soil profile, above approximately 75 cm, the

soil cycles between saturated and unsaturated conditions. It is the cycling conditions in the vadose

zone that allow both aerobic and anaerobic processes to readily occur.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Wastewater treatment in soil by land application is a proven and effective technology. In addition to cost benefits, soil has a natural ability to

recover from a wide variety of stresses it may encounter. Denitrification, the major microbial process for reducing NO3-N, is well documented and

occurs in virtually all soils under appropriate conditions.

Because denitrification is driven by microbial

processes, it is carbon dependent. Eliminating all

carbon from the applied wastewater could inhibit

denitrification. Hence, excessive removal of all organics from the wastewater could be detrimental

for nitrogen treatment. The alternating wet–dry,

aerobic–anaerobic conditions that will occur in the

vadose zone should provide for a wide range of

9
fication in soils. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7: 179–185.

Pound, C.E. and R.W. Crites (1975) Treatment of

municipal wastewater by land application. Wastewater Disposal, p. 45–56.

Selim, H.M. and I.D. Iskandar (1981) WASTEN:

A model for nitrogen behavior in soils irrigated

with liquid waste. In Simulation of Nitrogen Behavior of Soil–Plant Systems (M.J. Frissel and J.A. van

Veen, Ed.). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre

for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.

Stanford, G., R.A. Vander Pol and S. Dzienia (1975)

Denitrification rates in relation to total and extractable soil carbon. Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 39: 284–289.

Uiga, A., I.K. Iskandar and H.L. McKim (1976)

Wastewater reuse at Livermore, California. In Proceedings of the 1976 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Conference, p. 511–531.

Wierzbicki, J. (1977) Disadvantages and advantages of sewage disposal in connection with agricultural utilization. USA Cold Regions Research

and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Draft Translation 645. AD A044767.

10
Iskandar, I.K., R.P. Murrmann and D.C. Leggett

(1977) Evaluation of existing systems for land treatment of wastewater at Manteca, California, and

Quincy, Washington. USA Cold Regions Research

and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report 77-24.

Iskandar, I.K., S.T. Quarry, R.E. Bates and J. Ingersoll (1979) Documentation of soil characteristics

and climatology during five years of wastewater

application to CRREL test cells. USA Cold Regions

Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 79-23.

Iskandar, I.K., L. Parker, C. McDade, J. Atkinson

and A. Edwards (1980) Dynamics of NH4 and NO3

in cropped soils irrigated with wastewater. A field

study. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 80-27.

Murrmann, R.P. and I.K. Iskandar (1976) Land

treatment of wastewater: Case studies of existing

disposal systems at Quincy, Washington and Manteca, California. Presented at the 8th Annual Waste

Management Conference, Rochester, New York, April

28–30, 1976.

Pound, C.E. and R.W. Crites (1975) Treatment of

municipal wastewater by land application. Wastewater Disposal, p. 45–56.

Selim, H.M., M. Mehran, K.K. Tanji and I.K.

Iskandar (1983) Mathematical simulation of nitrogen interactions in soils. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, XXV(3):241–248.

Selim, H.M. and I.K. Iskandar (1981) 4.4. WASTEN:

A model for nitrogen behavior in soils irrigated

with liquid. In Simulation of Nitrogen Behavior of

Soil–Plant Systems (M.J. Frissel and J.A. van Veen,

Ed.). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.

Selim, H.M. and I.K. Iskandar (1980) Simplified

model for prediction of nitrogen behavior in land

treatment of wastewater. USA Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report

80-12.

Uiga, A., I.K. Iskandar and H.L. McKim (1976)

Wastewater reuse at Livermore, California. In Proceedings of the 1976 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Conference, p. 511–531.

Wierzbicki, J. (1977) Disadvantages and advantages of sewage disposal in connection with agricultural utilization. USA Cold Regions Research

and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Draft Translation 645. AD A044767.

APPENDIX A: PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO

WASTEN, ITS DEVELOPMENT AND ITS TESTING

Baron, J.A., D.R. Lynch and I.K. Iskandar (1983)

Optimization model for land treatment planning,

design and operation. Part I. Background and literature review. USA Cold Regions Research and

Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 83-6.

Baron, J.A., D.R. Lynch and I.K. Iskandar (1983)

Optimization model for land treatment planning,

design and operation. Part II. Case study. USA

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 83-7.

Benes, V., V. Pekny, J. Skorepa and J. Vrba (1989)

Impact of diffuse nitrate pollution sources on

groundwater quality—Some examples from

Czechoslovakia. Environmental Health Perspectives,

83: 5–24.

Bosatta, E., I.K. Iskandar, N.G. Juma, G. Kruh,

J.O. Reuss, K.K. Tanji and J.A. van Veen (1981)

Soil microbiology. In Simulation of Nitrogen Behavior of Soil–Plant Systems (M.J. Frissel and J.A. van

Veen, Ed.). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Centre

for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.

Iskandar, I.K. (1978) Overview of existing land

treatment systems. In Proceedings, International

Symposium on the State of Knowledge in Land Treatment, Hanover, N.H., August 20–25, 1978, vol. 1, p.

193–200.

Iskandar, I.K. (1978) The effect of waste water reuse in cold regions on land treatment systems. Journal of Environmental Quality, 7(3): 361–368.

Iskandar, I.K. (1979) Selected design parameters

of existing systems for land application of liquid

waste—A computer file. In Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference of Applied Research and Practice on Municipal and Industrial Waste, Madison, Wisconsin, September 17–21, 1979.

Iskandar, I.K. (1982) Overview of models used in

land treatment of wastewater. USA Cold Regions

Research and Engineering Laboratory, Special Report 82-1.

Iskandar, I.K. and H.M. Selim (1978) Evaluation

of N models for prediction of NO3-N in percolate

water in land treatment. In Proceedings, International

Symposium on State of Knowledge in Land Treatment

of Wastewater, August 20–25, 1978, Hanover, N.H.,

USA, vol. 1, p. 163–170.

Iskandar, I.K., R.S. Sletten, D.C. Leggett and T.F.

Jenkins (1976) Wastewater renovation by a prototype slow infiltration land treatment system. USA

Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Report 76-19.

11
APPENDIX B: RESULTS OF SIMULATION 1.

********************************************************************************

* Initial simulation number 1 *

* SUMMARY INPUT *

* 21 CM Wastewater, 4 mg/L NO3-N, applied one time, output listed for 4 days. *

********************************************************************************

 I N P U T D A T A

 INITIAL DT, HR = .01000

 INITIAL DZ , CM= 1.00000

 TOTAL LENGTH OF SOIL PROFILE, CM = 150.00000

 SOIL DEPTH TO THE FIRST SOIL LAYER, CM = 15.00000

 SOIL DEPTH TO THE SECOND SOIL LAYER, CM = 45.00000

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE FIRST LAYER : .9600E-05 .2763E+02 .1000E+03 .1000E+01

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE SECOND LAYER : .2200E-05 .3070E+02 .4000E+02 .1000E+01

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE THIRD LAYER : .2100E-05 .3887E+02 .3000E+02 .1000E+01

 FIRST LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .44000

 SECOND LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .42000

 THIRD LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .34000

 FIRST LAYER: NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 SECOND LAYER NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 THIRD LAYER: NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 SOLUTE DISPERSION COEFFICIENT, CM**2/HR = 2.50000

 MICHAELIS CONSTANT, MG/LITRE = 1.00000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE HEAD,CM

 .000 .000 .000 .000

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 40.000 75.000 150.000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NH4-N,MG/ML IN SOL

 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 15.000 30.500 48.000 98.000 150.000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NO3-N,MG/ML IN SOL

 .100 .100 .100 .100 .100 .100

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 15.000 30.500 48.000 98.000 150.000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = .00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 .00 .44 .0000 .010 .100

 2.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 4.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 6.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 8.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 10.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 12.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 14.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 16.00 .00 .42 1.8284 .010 .100

 18.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 20.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 22.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 24.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 26.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 28.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 30.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 32.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 34.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

13
 36.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 38.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 40.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 42.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 44.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 46.00 .00 .34 .8754 .010 .100

 48.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 50.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 52.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 54.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 56.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 58.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 60.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 62.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 64.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 66.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 68.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 70.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 72.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 74.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 76.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 78.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 80.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 82.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 84.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 86.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 88.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 90.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 92.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 94.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 96.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 98.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 100.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 102.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 104.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 106.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 108.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 110.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 112.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 114.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 116.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 118.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 120.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 122.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 124.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 126.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 128.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 130.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 132.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 134.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 136.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 138.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 140.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 142.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 144.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 146.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 148.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 150.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 5.490

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .549

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .600

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = 1.149

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = .00000

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUNULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

14
 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = .00000

 THIS IS CYCLE NUMBER = 1

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED , CM = 21.00000

 INFILTRATION TIME, I.E. DURATION OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, DAYS = 1.00000

 SCHEDULE OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, I.E. CYCLE DURATION ,DAYS = 4.00000

 TIME AT WHICH OUTPUT DATA IS REQUESTED IN THIS CYCLE, DAYS = 1.00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NH4-N , MG/LITRE = .00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NO3-N , MG/LITRE = 4.00000

 NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE, MICROGRAM-N/CM OF ROOT LENGTH PER DAY = .00000

 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE, CM/DAY = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 1.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -4.84 .42 .8750 .000 3.989

 2.00 -4.50 .42 .8829 .000 3.951

 4.00 -4.09 .42 .8829 .000 3.914

 6.00 -3.61 .42 .8829 .000 3.876

 8.00 -3.04 .43 .8829 .000 3.839

 10.00 -2.37 .43 .8829 .000 3.802

 12.00 -1.59 .43 .8829 .000 3.765

 14.00 -.70 .44 .8829 .000 3.728

 16.00 .08 .42 .8829 .000 3.693

 18.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.658

 20.00 .07 .42 .8829 .002 3.623

 22.00 .05 .42 .8829 .003 3.588

 24.00 .04 .42 .8829 .004 3.553

 26.00 .03 .42 .8829 .005 3.517

 28.00 .01 .42 .8829 .006 3.478

 30.00 -.00 .42 .8829 .008 3.434

 32.00 -.02 .42 .8829 .008 3.381

 34.00 -.06 .42 .8829 .009 3.315

 36.00 -.11 .42 .8829 .009 3.228

 38.00 -.18 .42 .8829 .010 3.114

 40.00 -.30 .42 .8829 .010 2.966

 42.00 -.48 .42 .8829 .010 2.780

 44.00 -.76 .42 .8829 .010 2.558

 46.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.342

 48.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.116

 50.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.875

 52.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.627

 54.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.379

 56.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.141

 58.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .922

 60.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .728

 62.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .562

 64.00 -.89 .34 .8829 .010 .427

 66.00 -.88 .34 .8829 .010 .321

 68.00 -.87 .34 .8829 .010 .241

 70.00 -.84 .34 .8829 .010 .184

 72.00 -.79 .34 .8829 .010 .144

 74.00 -.71 .34 .8829 .010 .118

 76.00 -.58 .34 .8829 .010 .102

 78.00 -.36 .34 .8829 .010 .093

 80.00 .00 .34 .8829 .010 .090

 82.00 .00 .34 1.1528 .010 .100

 84.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

15
 86.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 88.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 90.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 92.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 94.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 96.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 98.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 100.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 102.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 104.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 106.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 108.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 110.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 112.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 114.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 116.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 118.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 120.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 122.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 124.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 126.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 128.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 130.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 132.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 134.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 136.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 138.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 140.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 142.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 144.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 146.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 148.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 150.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 78.575

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .436

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .497

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .933

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 9.94938

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 2.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -38.36 .32 .0000 .000 3.151

 2.00 -36.41 .32 .0017 .000 3.151

 4.00 -34.48 .33 .0024 .000 3.164

 6.00 -32.58 .33 .0039 .000 3.184

 8.00 -30.70 .34 .0055 .000 3.207

 10.00 -28.84 .34 .0071 .000 3.231

 12.00 -26.98 .35 .0088 .000 3.256

 14.00 -25.12 .35 .0104 .000 3.279

 16.00 -23.34 .34 .0122 .000 3.288

 18.00 -22.60 .34 .0143 .001 3.269

 20.00 -21.93 .34 .0164 .002 3.233

16
 22.00 -21.31 .34 .0186 .002 3.187

 24.00 -20.73 .35 .0207 .003 3.135

 26.00 -20.18 .35 .0227 .004 3.081

 28.00 -19.66 .35 .0248 .005 3.025

 30.00 -19.15 .35 .0268 .005 2.967

 32.00 -18.65 .35 .0287 .006 2.908

 34.00 -18.14 .35 .0306 .007 2.848

 36.00 -17.62 .36 .0325 .007 2.785

 38.00 -17.08 .36 .0343 .008 2.719

 40.00 -16.49 .36 .0361 .009 2.651

 42.00 -15.86 .36 .0378 .009 2.582

 44.00 -15.16 .37 .0394 .009 2.513

 46.00 -13.81 .28 .0409 .009 2.450

 48.00 -13.62 .28 .0426 .010 2.379

 50.00 -13.44 .28 .0443 .010 2.296

 52.00 -13.26 .28 .0460 .010 2.199

 54.00 -13.10 .29 .0477 .010 2.092

 56.00 -12.94 .29 .0494 .010 1.976

 58.00 -12.78 .29 .0510 .010 1.851

 60.00 -12.64 .29 .0527 .010 1.721

 62.00 -12.49 .29 .0544 .010 1.587

 64.00 -12.35 .29 .0560 .010 1.451

 66.00 -12.22 .29 .0576 .010 1.314

 68.00 -12.09 .29 .0593 .010 1.180

 70.00 -11.97 .29 .0609 .010 1.050

 72.00 -11.85 .29 .0625 .010 .925

 74.00 -11.73 .29 .0641 .010 .808

 76.00 -11.61 .29 .0657 .010 .699

 78.00 -11.50 .29 .0673 .010 .599

 80.00 -11.39 .29 .0689 .010 .510

 82.00 -11.29 .29 .0705 .010 .431

 84.00 -11.19 .29 .0720 .010 .362

 86.00 -11.09 .29 .0736 .010 .303

 88.00 -10.99 .29 .0752 .010 .253

 90.00 -10.90 .29 .0767 .010 .213

 92.00 -10.80 .29 .0783 .010 .180

 94.00 -10.71 .30 .0798 .010 .153

 96.00 -10.63 .30 .0814 .010 .133

 98.00 -10.54 .30 .0829 .010 .117

 100.00 -10.45 .30 .0844 .010 .106

 102.00 -10.37 .30 .0860 .010 .097

 104.00 -10.29 .30 .0875 .010 .091

 106.00 -10.21 .30 .0890 .010 .087

 108.00 -10.13 .30 .0905 .010 .084

 110.00 -10.05 .30 .0920 .010 .082

 112.00 -9.98 .30 .0935 .010 .081

 114.00 -9.90 .30 .0950 .010 .080

 116.00 -9.82 .30 .0965 .010 .080

 118.00 -9.74 .30 .0980 .010 .080

 120.00 -9.66 .30 .0995 .010 .079

 122.00 -9.57 .30 .1010 .010 .079

 124.00 -9.47 .30 .1024 .010 .079

 126.00 -9.35 .30 .1038 .010 .079

 128.00 -9.21 .30 .1052 .010 .079

 130.00 -9.04 .30 .1066 .010 .079

 132.00 -8.81 .30 .1079 .010 .079

 134.00 -8.50 .30 .1092 .010 .079

 136.00 -8.08 .31 .1103 .010 .079

 138.00 -7.53 .31 .1114 .010 .079

 140.00 -6.79 .31 .1123 .010 .079

 142.00 -5.85 .32 .1130 .010 .079

 144.00 -4.69 .32 .1136 .010 .079

 146.00 -3.30 .33 .1139 .010 .079

 148.00 -1.73 .33 .1142 .010 .079

 150.00 .00 .34 .1143 .010 .079

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 65.152

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .368

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .483

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .851

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 22.61943

17
 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 1.33980

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .14514

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 14.51430

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 3.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -42.62 .31 .0000 .000 2.413

 2.00 -40.86 .31 .0079 .000 2.373

 4.00 -39.02 .32 .0045 .000 2.390

 6.00 -37.18 .32 .0051 .000 2.419

 8.00 -35.34 .33 .0056 .000 2.454

 10.00 -33.50 .33 .0062 .000 2.495

 12.00 -31.64 .33 .0068 .000 2.536

 14.00 -29.79 .34 .0074 .000 2.577

 16.00 -27.99 .32 .0081 .001 2.615

 18.00 -27.30 .32 .0090 .002 2.646

 20.00 -26.64 .32 .0099 .002 2.671

 22.00 -26.01 .33 .0109 .003 2.691

 24.00 -25.39 .33 .0119 .003 2.704

 26.00 -24.79 .33 .0129 .004 2.713

 28.00 -24.21 .33 .0140 .004 2.717

 30.00 -23.62 .34 .0150 .005 2.714

 32.00 -23.03 .34 .0160 .005 2.706

 34.00 -22.42 .34 .0171 .006 2.667

 36.00 -21.78 .34 .0181 .006 2.612

 38.00 -21.11 .34 .0190 .007 2.547

 40.00 -20.38 .35 .0200 .008 2.476

 42.00 -19.60 .35 .0209 .008 2.404

 44.00 -18.74 .35 .0218 .008 2.333

 46.00 -17.27 .27 .0226 .009 2.270

 48.00 -17.06 .27 .0236 .009 2.213

 50.00 -16.86 .27 .0246 .009 2.153

 52.00 -16.67 .27 .0256 .009 2.088

 54.00 -16.49 .27 .0265 .009 2.017

 56.00 -16.31 .27 .0275 .010 1.943

 58.00 -16.14 .27 .0284 .010 1.856

 60.00 -15.98 .27 .0294 .010 1.760

 62.00 -15.82 .27 .0303 .010 1.658

 64.00 -15.66 .27 .0313 .010 1.553

 66.00 -15.52 .28 .0322 .010 1.445

 68.00 -15.37 .28 .0331 .010 1.338

 70.00 -15.23 .28 .0341 .010 1.230

 72.00 -15.10 .28 .0350 .010 1.125

 74.00 -14.97 .28 .0359 .010 1.023

 76.00 -14.84 .28 .0368 .010 .924

 78.00 -14.72 .28 .0377 .010 .830

 80.00 -14.60 .28 .0386 .010 .741

 82.00 -14.48 .28 .0396 .010 .658

 84.00 -14.37 .28 .0405 .010 .581

 86.00 -14.26 .28 .0414 .010 .510

 88.00 -14.15 .28 .0423 .010 .446

 90.00 -14.05 .28 .0432 .010 .389

 92.00 -13.94 .28 .0440 .010 .337

 94.00 -13.84 .28 .0449 .010 .292

 96.00 -13.75 .28 .0458 .010 .253

 98.00 -13.65 .28 .0467 .010 .220

 100.00 -13.55 .28 .0476 .010 .191

 102.00 -13.46 .28 .0485 .010 .167

 104.00 -13.37 .28 .0493 .010 .146

 106.00 -13.28 .28 .0502 .010 .130

 108.00 -13.19 .29 .0511 .010 .116

 110.00 -13.10 .29 .0519 .010 .105

 112.00 -13.01 .29 .0528 .010 .097

 114.00 -12.91 .29 .0537 .010 .090

 116.00 -12.81 .29 .0545 .010 .084

 118.00 -12.71 .29 .0553 .010 .080

18
 120.00 -12.59 .29 .0562 .010 .077

 122.00 -12.45 .29 .0570 .010 .074

 124.00 -12.29 .29 .0578 .010 .072

 126.00 -12.10 .29 .0585 .010 .071

 128.00 -11.85 .29 .0593 .010 .069

 130.00 -11.53 .29 .0600 .010 .068

 132.00 -11.12 .29 .0606 .010 .067

 134.00 -10.58 .30 .0612 .010 .066

 136.00 -9.89 .30 .0616 .010 .065

 138.00 -9.02 .30 .0620 .010 .064

 140.00 -7.95 .31 .0623 .010 .064

 142.00 -6.68 .31 .0625 .010 .063

 144.00 -5.22 .32 .0627 .010 .063

 146.00 -3.60 .32 .0627 .010 .063

 148.00 -1.85 .33 .0627 .010 .062

 150.00 .00 .34 .0627 .010 .062

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 57.079

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .346

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .472

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .817

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 30.64991

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 1.46579

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .16348

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 16.34771

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 4.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -44.85 .30 .0000 .000 1.804

 2.00 -43.12 .31 .0080 .000 1.763

 4.00 -41.30 .31 .0044 .000 1.778

 6.00 -39.47 .32 .0047 .000 1.803

 8.00 -37.64 .32 .0051 .000 1.836

 10.00 -35.80 .32 .0055 .000 1.874

 12.00 -33.95 .33 .0060 .000 1.916

 14.00 -32.09 .33 .0064 .001 1.959

 16.00 -30.29 .31 .0068 .001 2.001

 18.00 -29.69 .31 .0074 .002 2.040

 20.00 -29.10 .32 .0080 .002 2.076

 22.00 -28.52 .32 .0086 .002 2.109

 24.00 -27.95 .32 .0092 .003 2.138

 26.00 -27.38 .32 .0099 .003 2.163

 28.00 -26.80 .32 .0105 .004 2.185

 30.00 -26.22 .33 .0111 .004 2.203

 32.00 -25.60 .33 .0117 .005 2.218

 34.00 -24.96 .33 .0123 .005 2.228

 36.00 -24.29 .33 .0129 .006 2.235

 38.00 -23.56 .34 .0135 .006 2.235

 40.00 -22.77 .34 .0141 .007 2.229

 42.00 -21.91 .34 .0147 .007 2.198

 44.00 -20.98 .35 .0152 .008 2.148

 46.00 -19.46 .26 .0158 .008 2.091

 48.00 -19.25 .26 .0164 .008 2.035

 50.00 -19.06 .26 .0170 .008 1.977

 52.00 -18.87 .26 .0177 .009 1.917

 54.00 -18.68 .26 .0183 .009 1.854

19
 56.00 -18.50 .26 .0189 .009 1.790

 58.00 -18.33 .26 .0195 .009 1.723

 60.00 -18.16 .26 .0202 .009 1.653

 62.00 -18.00 .27 .0208 .009 1.582

 64.00 -17.84 .27 .0214 .009 1.508

 66.00 -17.68 .27 .0221 .009 1.432

 68.00 -17.53 .27 .0227 .009 1.354

 70.00 -17.39 .27 .0233 .009 1.275

 72.00 -17.25 .27 .0240 .009 1.196

 74.00 -17.11 .27 .0246 .009 1.116

 76.00 -16.98 .27 .0252 .010 1.038

 78.00 -16.85 .27 .0258 .010 .960

 80.00 -16.72 .27 .0265 .010 .884

 82.00 -16.60 .27 .0271 .010 .810

 84.00 -16.48 .27 .0277 .010 .739

 86.00 -16.36 .27 .0283 .010 .672

 88.00 -16.25 .27 .0290 .010 .608

 90.00 -16.14 .27 .0296 .010 .546

 92.00 -16.03 .27 .0302 .010 .488

 94.00 -15.92 .27 .0308 .010 .434

 96.00 -15.82 .27 .0314 .010 .385

 98.00 -15.71 .27 .0320 .010 .341

 100.00 -15.61 .28 .0327 .010 .301

 102.00 -15.51 .28 .0333 .010 .266

 104.00 -15.41 .28 .0339 .010 .235

 106.00 -15.31 .28 .0345 .010 .207

 108.00 -15.21 .28 .0351 .010 .184

 110.00 -15.11 .28 .0357 .010 .163

 112.00 -15.01 .28 .0363 .010 .145

 114.00 -14.90 .28 .0369 .010 .130

 116.00 -14.78 .28 .0374 .010 .117

 118.00 -14.64 .28 .0380 .010 .107

 120.00 -14.49 .28 .0386 .010 .098

 122.00 -14.31 .28 .0391 .010 .090

 124.00 -14.09 .28 .0397 .010 .084

 126.00 -13.81 .28 .0402 .010 .078

 128.00 -13.46 .28 .0407 .010 .074

 130.00 -13.02 .29 .0411 .010 .070

 132.00 -12.45 .29 .0415 .010 .066

 134.00 -11.74 .29 .0418 .010 .063

 136.00 -10.85 .29 .0421 .010 .060

 138.00 -9.77 .30 .0424 .010 .058

 140.00 -8.50 .30 .0425 .010 .056

 142.00 -7.06 .31 .0426 .010 .055

 144.00 -5.45 .32 .0427 .010 .053

 146.00 -3.72 .32 .0427 .010 .053

 148.00 -1.90 .33 .0427 .010 .052

 150.00 .00 .34 .0427 .010 .052

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 48.889

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .326

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .457

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .782

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 38.78701

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 1.53162

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .17527

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 17.52757

20
 W A T E R B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, CM = 54.90002

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED OR RAINFALL IN THIS CYCLE, CM = 21.00000

 TOTAL WATER INPUT , CM = 75.90002

 O U T P U T

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, CM = 43.84124

 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DURING THIS CYCLE, CM = = .00000

 AMOUNT OF GROUND WATER OUTFLOW DURING THIS CYCLE = 17.52757------------------------

 TOTAL WATER OUTPUT , CM = = 61.36880 .

 .

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -19.14520 PERCENT .

 .

 .

 N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E .

 .

 I N P U T , .

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, MG - N = 6.63900 .

 WASTE WATER NITROGEN APPLIED DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = 84.00000 .

 TOTAL NITROGEN INPUT , MG - N = = 90.63900 .

 .

 .

 .

 O U T P U T .

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, MG - N = 49.67073 .

 TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = .00000 .

 TOTAL NITROGEN LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE = 1.70690------------- .

 TOTAL NITROGEN OUTPUT , MG - N = = 90.16463 .

 .

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -.52336 PERCENT .

 .

 .

 .

 *****************************.................................................................................................

 * 1.706 mg N / 17.5 cm H2O *

 * yields 0.097 mg N / L *

 *******************************

21
APPENDIX C: RESULTS OF SIMULATION 2.

****************************************************************

* Initial simulation number 2 *

* *

* SUMMARY INPUT *

* 21 CM Wastewater, 4 mg/L NO3-N, applied daily for 4 days, *

* output listed for 4 days. *

****************************************************************

 I N P U T D A T A

 INITIAL DT, HR = .01000

 INITIAL DZ , CM= 1.00000

 TOTAL LENGTH OF SOIL PROFILE, CM = 150.00000

 SOIL DEPTH TO THE FIRST SOIL LAYER, CM = 15.00000

 SOIL DEPTH TO THE SECOND SOIL LAYER, CM = 45.00000

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE FIRST LAYER : .9600E-05 .2763E+02 .1000E+03 .1000E+01

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE SECOND LAYER : .2200E-05 .3070E+02 .4000E+02 .1000E+01

 SOIL WATER PARAMETERS FOR THE THIRD LAYER : .2100E-05 .3887E+02 .3000E+02 .1000E+01

 FIRST LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .44000

 SECOND LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .42000

 THIRD LAYER ; BULK DENSITY = 1.60000 SATURATION = .34000

 FIRST LAYER: NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 SECOND LAYER NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 THIRD LAYER: NH4-N EXCHANGEABLE COEFFICIENT, CM3/GM = .25000

 NITRIFICATION RATE COEF.,HR-1 = .10000

 DENITRIFICATION RATE COEF., HR-1 = .01000

 SOLUTE DISPERSION COEFFICIENT, CM**2/HR = 2.50000

 MICHAELIS CONSTANT, MG/LITRE = 1.00000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRESSURE HEAD,CM

 .000 .000 .000 .000

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 40.000 75.000 150.000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NH4-N,MG/ML IN SOL

 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 15.000 30.500 48.000 98.000 150.000

 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NO3-N,MG/ML IN SOL

 .100 .100 .100 .100 .100 .100

 AT THE CORRESPONDING SOIL DEPTHS OF, CM

 7.500 15.000 30.500 48.000 98.000 150.000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = .00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM **3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 .00 .44 .0000 .010 .100

 2.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 4.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 6.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 8.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 10.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 12.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 14.00 .00 .44 .0042 .010 .100

 16.00 .00 .42 1.8284 .010 .100

23
 18.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 20.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 22.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 24.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 26.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 28.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 30.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 32.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 34.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 36.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 38.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 40.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 42.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 44.00 .00 .42 .0014 .010 .100

 46.00 .00 .34 .8754 .010 .100

 48.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 50.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 52.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 54.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 56.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 58.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 60.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 62.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 64.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 66.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 68.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 70.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 72.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 74.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 76.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 78.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 80.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 82.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 84.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 86.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 88.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 90.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 92.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 94.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 96.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 98.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 100.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 102.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 104.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 106.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 108.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 110.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 112.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 114.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 116.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 118.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 120.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 122.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 124.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 126.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 128.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 130.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 132.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 134.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 136.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 138.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 140.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 142.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 144.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 146.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 148.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 150.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 5.490

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .549

24
 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .600

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = 1.149

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = .00000

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = .00000

 THIS IS CYCLE NUMBER = 1

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED , CM = 21.00000

 INFILTRATION TIME, I.E. DURATION OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, DAYS = 1.00000

 SCHEDULE OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, I.E. CYCLE DURATION ,DAYS = 1.00000

 TIME AT WHICH OUTPUT DATA IS REQUESTED IN THIS CYCLE, DAYS = 1.00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NH4-N , MG/LITRE = .00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NO3-N , MG/LITRE = 4.00000

 NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE, MICROGRAM-N/CM OF ROOT LENGTH PER DAY = .00000

 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE, CM/DAY = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 1.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM **3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -4.84 .42 .8750 .000 3.989

 2.00 -4.50 .42 .8829 .000 3.951

 4.00 -4.09 .42 .8829 .000 3.914

 6.00 -3.61 .42 .8829 .000 3.876

 8.00 -3.04 .43 .8829 .000 3.839

 10.00 -2.37 .43 .8829 .000 3.802

 12.00 -1.59 .43 .8829 .000 3.765

 14.00 -.70 .44 .8829 .000 3.728

 16.00 .08 .42 .8829 .000 3.693

 18.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.658

 20.00 .07 .42 .8829 .002 3.623

 22.00 .05 .42 .8829 .003 3.588

 24.00 .04 .42 .8829 .004 3.553

 26.00 .03 .42 .8829 .005 3.517

 28.00 .01 .42 .8829 .006 3.478

 30.00 -.00 .42 .8829 .008 3.434

 32.00 -.02 .42 .8829 .008 3.381

 34.00 -.06 .42 .8829 .009 3.315

 36.00 -.11 .42 .8829 .009 3.228

 38.00 -.18 .42 .8829 .010 3.114

 40.00 -.30 .42 .8829 .010 2.966

 42.00 -.48 .42 .8829 .010 2.780

 44.00 -.76 .42 .8829 .010 2.558

 46.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.342

 48.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.116

 50.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.875

25
 52.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.627

 54.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.379

 56.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.141

 58.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .922

 60.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .728

 62.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .562

 64.00 -.89 .34 .8829 .010 .427

 66.00 -.88 .34 .8829 .010 .321

 68.00 -.87 .34 .8829 .010 .241

 70.00 -.84 .34 .8829 .010 .184

 72.00 -.79 .34 .8829 .010 .144

 74.00 -.71 .34 .8829 .010 .118

 76.00 -.58 .34 .8829 .010 .102

 78.00 -.36 .34 .8829 .010 .093

 80.00 .00 .34 .8829 .010 .090

 82.00 .00 .34 1.1528 .010 .100

 84.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 86.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 88.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 90.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 92.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 94.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 96.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 98.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 100.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 102.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 104.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 106.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 108.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 110.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 112.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 114.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 116.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 118.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 120.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 122.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 124.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 126.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 128.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 130.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 132.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 134.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 136.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 138.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 140.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 142.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 144.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 146.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 148.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 150.00 .00 .34 .0016 .010 .100

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 78.575

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .436

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .497

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .933

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 9.94938

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

26
 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .00000

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = .00000

 W A T E R B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, CM = 54.90002

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED OR RAINFALL IN THIS CYCLE, CM = 21.00000

 TOTAL WATER INPUT , CM = 75.90002

 O U T P U T

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DURING THIS CYCLE, CM = = .00000

 AMOUNT OF GROUND WATER OUTFLOW DURING THIS CYCLE = 12.94017

 TOTAL WATER OUTPUT , CM = = 61.53835

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -18.92183 PERCENT

 N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, MG - N = 6.63900

 WASTE WATER NITROGEN APPLIED DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = 84.00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN INPUT , MG - N = = 90.63900

 O U T P U T

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, MG - N = 79.50768

 TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = .00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE = 1.34106

 TOTAL NITROGEN OUTPUT , MG - N = = 98.38721

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = 8.54843 PERCENT

 THIS IS CYCLE NUMBER = 2

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED , CM = 21.00000

 INFILTRATION TIME, I.E. DURATION OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, DAYS = 1.00000

 SCHEDULE OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, I.E. CYCLE DURATION ,DAYS = 1.00000

 TIME AT WHICH OUTPUT DATA IS REQUESTED IN THIS CYCLE, DAYS = 1.00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NH4-N , MG/LITRE = .00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NO3-N , MG/LITRE = 4.00000

 NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE, MICROGRAM-N/CM OF ROOT LENGTH PER DAY = .00000

 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE, CM/DAY = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 2.50 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -4.84 .42 .8750 .000 3.989

 2.00 -4.50 .42 .8829 .000 3.951

 4.00 -4.09 .42 .8829 .000 3.914

 6.00 -3.61 .42 .8829 .000 3.876

 8.00 -3.04 .43 .8829 .000 3.839

27
 10.00 -2.37 .43 .8829 .000 3.802

 12.00 -1.59 .43 .8829 .000 3.765

 14.00 -.70 .44 .8829 .000 3.728

 16.00 .08 .42 .8829 .000 3.693

 18.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.658

 20.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.623

 22.00 .05 .42 .8829 .000 3.589

 24.00 .04 .42 .8829 .000 3.555

 26.00 .03 .42 .8829 .000 3.521

 28.00 .01 .42 .8829 .000 3.487

 30.00 -.00 .42 .8829 .000 3.453

 32.00 -.02 .42 .8829 .000 3.419

 34.00 -.06 .42 .8829 .000 3.384

 36.00 -.11 .42 .8829 .000 3.347

 38.00 -.18 .42 .8829 .000 3.308

 40.00 -.30 .42 .8829 .001 3.267

 42.00 -.48 .42 .8829 .002 3.223

 44.00 -.76 .42 .8829 .002 3.176

 46.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .003 3.135

 48.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .003 3.095

 50.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .004 3.053

 52.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .005 3.012

 54.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .006 2.971

 56.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .006 2.930

 58.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .007 2.891

 60.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .008 2.854

 62.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .008 2.818

 64.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.783

 66.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.749

 68.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.716

 70.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.684

 72.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.651

 74.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.619

 76.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.586

 78.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.553

 80.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.519

 82.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.481

 84.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.435

 86.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.353

 88.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.173

 90.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.835

 92.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.367

 94.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .892

 96.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .526

 98.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .302

 100.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .188

 102.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .135

 104.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .111

 106.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .099

 108.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .092

 110.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .088

 112.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .086

 114.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 116.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 118.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 120.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 122.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 124.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 126.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 128.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 130.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 132.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 134.00 -.89 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 136.00 -.88 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 138.00 -.87 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 140.00 -.84 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 142.00 -.79 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 144.00 -.71 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 146.00 -.58 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 148.00 -.36 .34 .8829 .010 .085

 150.00 .00 .34 .8829 .010 .085

28
 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 113.348

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .330

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .391

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .720

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 37.85138

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 1.21165

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .12940

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 12.94017

 W A T E R B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED OR RAINFALL IN THIS CYCLE, CM = 21.00000

 TOTAL WATER INPUT , CM = 69.59818

 O U T P U T

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DURING THIS CYCLE, CM = = .00000

 AMOUNT OF GROUND WATER OUTFLOW DURING THIS CYCLE = 12.94016

 TOTAL WATER OUTPUT , CM = = 61.53834

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -11.58052 PERCENT

 N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, MG - N = 79.50768

 WASTE WATER NITROGEN APPLIED DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = 84.00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN INPUT , MG - N = = 163.50770

 O U T P U T

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, MG - N = 114.06890

 TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = .00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE = 1.15399

 TOTAL NITROGEN OUTPUT , MG - N = = 164.58610

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = .65957 PERCENT

 THIS IS CYCLE NUMBER = 3

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED , CM = 21.00000

 INFILTRATION TIME, I.E. DURATION OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, DAYS = 1.00000

 SCHEDULE OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, I.E. CYCLE DURATION ,DAYS = 1.00000

 TIME AT WHICH OUTPUT DATA IS REQUESTED IN THIS CYCLE, DAYS = 1.00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NH4-N , MG/LITRE = .00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NO3-N , MG/LITRE = 4.00000

29
 NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE, MICROGRAM-N/CM OF ROOT LENGTH PER DAY = .00000

 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE, CM/DAY = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 4.00 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -4.84 .42 .8750 .000 3.989

 2.00 -4.50 .42 .8829 .000 3.951

 4.00 -4.09 .42 .8829 .000 3.914

 6.00 -3.61 .42 .8829 .000 3.876

 8.00 -3.04 .43 .8829 .000 3.839

 10.00 -2.37 .43 .8829 .000 3.802

 12.00 -1.59 .43 .8829 .000 3.765

 14.00 -.70 .44 .8829 .000 3.728

 16.00 .08 .42 .8829 .000 3.693

 18.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.658

 20.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.623

 22.00 .05 .42 .8829 .000 3.589

 24.00 .04 .42 .8829 .000 3.555

 26.00 .03 .42 .8829 .000 3.521

 28.00 .01 .42 .8829 .000 3.487

 30.00 -.00 .42 .8829 .000 3.453

 32.00 -.02 .42 .8829 .000 3.419

 34.00 -.06 .42 .8829 .000 3.384

 36.00 -.11 .42 .8829 .000 3.347

 38.00 -.18 .42 .8829 .000 3.308

 40.00 -.30 .42 .8829 .000 3.267

 42.00 -.48 .42 .8829 .000 3.223

 44.00 -.76 .42 .8829 .000 3.176

 46.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.135

 48.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.095

 50.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.054

 52.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.012

 54.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.971

 56.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.931

 58.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.892

 60.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.855

 62.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.819

 64.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .001 2.785

 66.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .001 2.752

 68.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .002 2.720

 70.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .002 2.690

 72.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .003 2.660

 74.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .004 2.631

 76.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .005 2.602

 78.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .006 2.575

 80.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .007 2.548

 82.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .008 2.522

 84.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.496

 86.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.471

 88.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.446

 90.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.419

 92.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.389

 94.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.357

 96.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.323

 98.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.289

 100.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.255

 102.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.223

 104.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.190

 106.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.157

 108.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.121

 110.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.080

 112.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.031

 114.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.970

 116.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.894

30
 118.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.800

 120.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.686

 122.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.552

 124.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.401

 126.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.237

 128.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.066

 130.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .897

 132.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 .736

 134.00 -.89 .34 .8829 .010 .590

 136.00 -.88 .34 .8829 .010 .463

 138.00 -.87 .34 .8829 .010 .357

 140.00 -.84 .34 .8829 .010 .273

 142.00 -.79 .34 .8829 .010 .209

 144.00 -.71 .34 .8829 .010 .161

 146.00 -.58 .34 .8829 .010 .128

 148.00 -.36 .34 .8829 .010 .106

 150.00 .00 .34 .8829 .010 .097

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 138.038

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .250

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .297

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .546

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS = 72.36671

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 2.23624

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .25880

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 25.88033

 W A T E R B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED OR RAINFALL IN THIS CYCLE, CM = 21.00000

 TOTAL WATER INPUT , CM = 69.59818

 O U T P U T

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DURING THIS CYCLE, CM = = .00000

 AMOUNT OF GROUND WATER OUTFLOW DURING THIS CYCLE = 12.94016

 TOTAL WATER OUTPUT , CM = = 61.53834

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -11.58053 PERCENT

 N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, MG - N = 114.06890

 WASTE WATER NITROGEN APPLIED DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = 84.00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN INPUT , MG - N = = 198.06890

31
 O U T P U T

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, MG - N = 138.58430

 TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = .00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE = 6.47231

 TOTAL NITROGEN OUTPUT , MG - N = = 231.64220

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = 16.95035 PERCENT

 THIS IS CYCLE NUMBER = 4

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED , CM = 21.00000

 INFILTRATION TIME, I.E. DURATION OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, DAYS = 1.00000

 SCHEDULE OF WASTE WATER APPLICATION, I.E. CYCLE DURATION ,DAYS = 4.00000

 TIME AT WHICH OUTPUT DATA IS REQUESTED IN THIS CYCLE, DAYS = 1.00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NH4-N , MG/LITRE = .00000

 CONCENTRATION OF APPLIED NO3-N , MG/LITRE = 4.00000

 NITROGEN UPTAKE RATE, MICROGRAM-N/CM OF ROOT LENGTH PER DAY = .00000

 EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE, CM/DAY = .00000

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 5.50 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -4.84 .42 .8750 .000 3.989

 2.00 -4.50 .42 .8829 .000 3.951

 4.00 -4.09 .42 .8829 .000 3.914

 6.00 -3.61 .42 .8829 .000 3.876

 8.00 -3.04 .43 .8829 .000 3.839

 10.00 -2.37 .43 .8829 .000 3.802

 12.00 -1.59 .43 .8829 .000 3.765

 14.00 -.70 .44 .8829 .000 3.728

 16.00 .08 .42 .8829 .000 3.693

 18.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.658

 20.00 .07 .42 .8829 .000 3.623

 22.00 .05 .42 .8829 .000 3.589

 24.00 .04 .42 .8829 .000 3.555

 26.00 .03 .42 .8829 .000 3.521

 28.00 .01 .42 .8829 .000 3.487

 30.00 -.00 .42 .8829 .000 3.453

 32.00 -.02 .42 .8829 .000 3.419

 34.00 -.06 .42 .8829 .000 3.384

 36.00 -.11 .42 .8829 .000 3.347

 38.00 -.18 .42 .8829 .000 3.308

 40.00 -.30 .42 .8829 .000 3.267

 42.00 -.48 .42 .8829 .000 3.223

 44.00 -.76 .42 .8829 .000 3.176

 46.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.135

 48.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.095

 50.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.054

 52.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 3.012

 54.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.971

 56.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.931

 58.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.892

 60.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.855

 62.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.819

 64.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.785

 66.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.752

 68.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.720

 70.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.690

32
 72.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.660

 74.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.631

 76.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.602

 78.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.575

 80.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .000 2.548

 82.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .001 2.522

 84.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .002 2.496

 86.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .002 2.471

 88.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .003 2.446

 90.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .004 2.419

 92.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .005 2.390

 94.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .005 2.358

 96.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .006 2.325

 98.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .007 2.292

 100.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .008 2.260

 102.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .008 2.230

 104.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.202

 106.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.175

 108.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .009 2.150

 110.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.125

 112.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.102

 114.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.079

 116.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.056

 118.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.033

 120.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 2.011

 122.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.988

 124.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.965

 126.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.941

 128.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.917

 130.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.891

 132.00 -.90 .34 .8829 .010 1.865

 134.00 -.89 .34 .8829 .010 1.838

 136.00 -.88 .34 .8829 .010 1.809

 138.00 -.87 .34 .8829 .010 1.778

 140.00 -.84 .34 .8829 .010 1.745

 142.00 -.79 .34 .8829 .010 1.707

 144.00 -.71 .34 .8829 .010 1.665

 146.00 -.58 .34 .8829 .010 1.617

 148.00 -.36 .34 .8829 .010 1.562

 150.00 .00 .34 .8829 .010 1.530

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 150.058

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .192

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .228

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .420

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS =111.19380

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 8.57915

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .38820

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 38.82050

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 6.50 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

33
 .00 -38.36 .32 .0000 .000 3.151

 2.00 -36.41 .32 .0017 .000 3.151

 4.00 -34.48 .33 .0024 .000 3.165

 6.00 -32.58 .33 .0039 .000 3.184

 8.00 -30.70 .34 .0055 .000 3.207

 10.00 -28.84 .34 .0071 .000 3.232

 12.00 -26.98 .35 .0088 .000 3.257

 14.00 -25.12 .35 .0104 .000 3.280

 16.00 -23.34 .34 .0122 .000 3.291

 18.00 -22.60 .34 .0143 .000 3.274

 20.00 -21.93 .34 .0164 .000 3.240

 22.00 -21.31 .34 .0186 .000 3.196

 24.00 -20.73 .35 .0207 .000 3.149

 26.00 -20.18 .35 .0227 .000 3.100

 28.00 -19.66 .35 .0248 .000 3.052

 30.00 -19.15 .35 .0268 .000 3.005

 32.00 -18.65 .35 .0287 .000 2.959

 34.00 -18.14 .35 .0306 .000 2.916

 36.00 -17.62 .36 .0325 .000 2.874

 38.00 -17.08 .36 .0343 .000 2.835

 40.00 -16.49 .36 .0361 .000 2.799

 42.00 -15.86 .36 .0378 .000 2.768

 44.00 -15.16 .37 .0394 .000 2.744

 46.00 -13.81 .28 .0409 .000 2.732

 48.00 -13.62 .28 .0426 .000 2.722

 50.00 -13.44 .28 .0443 .000 2.705

 52.00 -13.26 .28 .0460 .000 2.684

 54.00 -13.10 .29 .0477 .000 2.659

 56.00 -12.94 .29 .0494 .000 2.631

 58.00 -12.78 .29 .0510 .000 2.601

 60.00 -12.64 .29 .0527 .000 2.570

 62.00 -12.49 .29 .0544 .000 2.538

 64.00 -12.35 .29 .0560 .000 2.505

 66.00 -12.22 .29 .0576 .000 2.473

 68.00 -12.09 .29 .0593 .000 2.441

 70.00 -11.97 .29 .0609 .000 2.409

 72.00 -11.85 .29 .0625 .000 2.378

 74.00 -11.73 .29 .0641 .000 2.348

 76.00 -11.61 .29 .0657 .000 2.318

 78.00 -11.50 .29 .0673 .000 2.290

 80.00 -11.39 .29 .0689 .000 2.262

 82.00 -11.29 .29 .0705 .000 2.234

 84.00 -11.19 .29 .0720 .000 2.208

 86.00 -11.09 .29 .0736 .001 2.182

 88.00 -10.99 .29 .0752 .001 2.157

 90.00 -10.90 .29 .0767 .002 2.133

 92.00 -10.80 .29 .0783 .002 2.109

 94.00 -10.71 .30 .0798 .003 2.086

 96.00 -10.63 .30 .0814 .003 2.063

 98.00 -10.54 .30 .0829 .004 2.041

 100.00 -10.45 .30 .0844 .005 2.019

 102.00 -10.37 .30 .0860 .005 1.997

 104.00 -10.29 .30 .0875 .006 1.975

 106.00 -10.21 .30 .0890 .007 1.953

 108.00 -10.13 .30 .0905 .007 1.931

 110.00 -10.05 .30 .0920 .008 1.909

 112.00 -9.98 .30 .0935 .008 1.887

 114.00 -9.90 .30 .0950 .009 1.865

 116.00 -9.82 .30 .0965 .009 1.844

 118.00 -9.74 .30 .0980 .009 1.822

 120.00 -9.66 .30 .0995 .009 1.800

 122.00 -9.57 .30 .1010 .010 1.779

 124.00 -9.47 .30 .1024 .010 1.758

 126.00 -9.35 .30 .1038 .010 1.737

 128.00 -9.21 .30 .1052 .010 1.717

 130.00 -9.04 .30 .1066 .010 1.696

 132.00 -8.81 .30 .1079 .010 1.676

 134.00 -8.50 .30 .1092 .010 1.656

 136.00 -8.08 .31 .1103 .010 1.637

 138.00 -7.53 .31 .1114 .010 1.619

 140.00 -6.79 .31 .1123 .010 1.602

 142.00 -5.85 .32 .1130 .010 1.586

34
 144.00 -4.69 .32 .1136 .010 1.572

 146.00 -3.30 .33 .1139 .010 1.560

 148.00 -1.73 .33 .1142 .010 1.553

 150.00 .00 .34 .1143 .010 1.551

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 112.507

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .149

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .196

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .345

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS =136.36470

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 32.99165

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .53334

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 53.33479

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 7.50 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

 .00 -42.62 .31 .0000 .000 2.415

 2.00 -40.86 .31 .0079 .000 2.374

 4.00 -39.02 .32 .0045 .000 2.392

 6.00 -37.18 .32 .0051 .000 2.421

 8.00 -35.34 .33 .0056 .000 2.457

 10.00 -33.50 .33 .0062 .000 2.498

 12.00 -31.64 .33 .0068 .000 2.542

 14.00 -29.79 .34 .0074 .000 2.585

 16.00 -27.99 .32 .0081 .000 2.625

 18.00 -27.30 .32 .0090 .000 2.660

 20.00 -26.64 .32 .0099 .000 2.689

 22.00 -26.01 .33 .0109 .000 2.714

 24.00 -25.39 .33 .0119 .000 2.735

 26.00 -24.79 .33 .0129 .000 2.753

 28.00 -24.21 .33 .0140 .000 2.768

 30.00 -23.62 .34 .0150 .000 2.778

 32.00 -23.03 .34 .0160 .000 2.786

 34.00 -22.42 .34 .0171 .000 2.766

 36.00 -21.78 .34 .0181 .000 2.732

 38.00 -21.11 .34 .0190 .000 2.691

 40.00 -20.38 .35 .0200 .000 2.649

 42.00 -19.60 .35 .0209 .000 2.609

 44.00 -18.74 .35 .0218 .000 2.574

 46.00 -17.27 .27 .0226 .000 2.553

 48.00 -17.06 .27 .0236 .000 2.543

 50.00 -16.86 .27 .0246 .000 2.536

 52.00 -16.67 .27 .0256 .000 2.528

 54.00 -16.49 .27 .0265 .000 2.519

 56.00 -16.31 .27 .0275 .000 2.511

 58.00 -16.14 .27 .0284 .000 2.493

 60.00 -15.98 .27 .0294 .000 2.467

 62.00 -15.82 .27 .0303 .000 2.437

 64.00 -15.66 .27 .0313 .000 2.405

 66.00 -15.52 .28 .0322 .000 2.372

 68.00 -15.37 .28 .0331 .000 2.338

 70.00 -15.23 .28 .0341 .000 2.303

35
 72.00 -15.10 .28 .0350 .000 2.269

 74.00 -14.97 .28 .0359 .000 2.235

 76.00 -14.84 .28 .0368 .000 2.201

 78.00 -14.72 .28 .0377 .000 2.168

 80.00 -14.60 .28 .0386 .000 2.135

 82.00 -14.48 .28 .0396 .000 2.103

 84.00 -14.37 .28 .0405 .000 2.072

 86.00 -14.26 .28 .0414 .001 2.042

 88.00 -14.15 .28 .0423 .001 2.012

 90.00 -14.05 .28 .0432 .002 1.983

 92.00 -13.94 .28 .0440 .002 1.955

 94.00 -13.84 .28 .0449 .003 1.928

 96.00 -13.75 .28 .0458 .003 1.901

 98.00 -13.65 .28 .0467 .004 1.875

 100.00 -13.55 .28 .0476 .004 1.850

 102.00 -13.46 .28 .0485 .005 1.825

 104.00 -13.37 .28 .0493 .005 1.801

 106.00 -13.28 .28 .0502 .006 1.777

 108.00 -13.19 .29 .0511 .006 1.753

 110.00 -13.10 .29 .0519 .007 1.730

 112.00 -13.01 .29 .0528 .007 1.706

 114.00 -12.91 .29 .0537 .008 1.683

 116.00 -12.81 .29 .0545 .008 1.660

 118.00 -12.71 .29 .0553 .008 1.637

 120.00 -12.59 .29 .0562 .009 1.614

 122.00 -12.45 .29 .0570 .009 1.590

 124.00 -12.29 .29 .0578 .009 1.566

 126.00 -12.10 .29 .0585 .009 1.541

 128.00 -11.85 .29 .0593 .010 1.516

 130.00 -11.53 .29 .0600 .010 1.489

 132.00 -11.12 .29 .0606 .010 1.461

 134.00 -10.58 .30 .0612 .010 1.432

 136.00 -9.89 .30 .0616 .010 1.403

 138.00 -9.02 .30 .0620 .010 1.375

 140.00 -7.95 .31 .0623 .010 1.349

 142.00 -6.68 .31 .0625 .010 1.328

 144.00 -5.22 .32 .0627 .010 1.312

 146.00 -3.60 .32 .0627 .010 1.300

 148.00 -1.85 .33 .0627 .010 1.293

 150.00 .00 .34 .0627 .010 1.292

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 96.202

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .138

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .186

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .324

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS =150.09140

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 35.55190

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .55166

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 55.16819

 TOTAL ELAPSED TIME = 8.50 DAYS

 SOIL DEPTH PRESSURE HEAD SOIL-WATER CONTENT WATER FLOW AMMONIUM CONCENTRATION NITRATE CONCENTRATION

 CM CM CM**3/CM**3 VELOCITY IN SOIL SOLUTION IN SOIL SOLUTION

 CM/HR MICROGRAMS-N/ML MICROGRAMS-N /ML

36
 .00 -44.85 .30 .0000 .000 1.809

 2.00 -43.12 .31 .0080 .000 1.767

 4.00 -41.30 .31 .0044 .000 1.783

 6.00 -39.47 .32 .0047 .000 1.809

 8.00 -37.64 .32 .0051 .000 1.843

 10.00 -35.80 .32 .0055 .000 1.883

 12.00 -33.95 .33 .0060 .000 1.927

 14.00 -32.09 .33 .0064 .000 1.973

 16.00 -30.29 .31 .0068 .000 2.019

 18.00 -29.68 .31 .0074 .000 2.063

 20.00 -29.10 .32 .0080 .000 2.105

 22.00 -28.52 .32 .0086 .000 2.145

 24.00 -27.95 .32 .0092 .000 2.182

 26.00 -27.38 .32 .0099 .000 2.218

 28.00 -26.80 .32 .0105 .000 2.251

 30.00 -26.22 .33 .0111 .000 2.284

 32.00 -25.60 .33 .0117 .000 2.315

 34.00 -24.96 .33 .0123 .000 2.344

 36.00 -24.29 .33 .0129 .000 2.372

 38.00 -23.56 .34 .0135 .000 2.397

 40.00 -22.77 .34 .0141 .000 2.419

 42.00 -21.91 .34 .0147 .000 2.416

 44.00 -20.98 .35 .0152 .000 2.397

 46.00 -19.46 .26 .0158 .000 2.374

 48.00 -19.25 .26 .0164 .000 2.355

 50.00 -19.06 .26 .0170 .000 2.338

 52.00 -18.87 .26 .0177 .000 2.322

 54.00 -18.68 .26 .0183 .000 2.307

 56.00 -18.50 .26 .0189 .000 2.294

 58.00 -18.33 .26 .0195 .000 2.280

 60.00 -18.16 .26 .0202 .000 2.267

 62.00 -18.00 .27 .0208 .000 2.254

 64.00 -17.84 .27 .0214 .000 2.239

 66.00 -17.68 .27 .0221 .000 2.224

 68.00 -17.53 .27 .0227 .000 2.209

 70.00 -17.39 .27 .0233 .000 2.191

 72.00 -17.25 .27 .0240 .000 2.173

 74.00 -17.11 .27 .0246 .000 2.154

 76.00 -16.98 .27 .0252 .000 2.135

 78.00 -16.85 .27 .0258 .000 2.114

 80.00 -16.72 .27 .0265 .000 2.092

 82.00 -16.60 .27 .0271 .000 2.071

 84.00 -16.48 .27 .0277 .000 2.047

 86.00 -16.36 .27 .0283 .001 2.024

 88.00 -16.25 .27 .0290 .001 2.002

 90.00 -16.14 .27 .0296 .002 1.974

 92.00 -16.03 .27 .0302 .002 1.942

 94.00 -15.92 .27 .0308 .002 1.911

 96.00 -15.82 .27 .0314 .003 1.879

 98.00 -15.71 .27 .0320 .003 1.848

 100.00 -15.61 .28 .0327 .004 1.818

 102.00 -15.51 .28 .0333 .004 1.788

 104.00 -15.41 .28 .0339 .005 1.758

 106.00 -15.31 .28 .0345 .005 1.730

 108.00 -15.21 .28 .0351 .006 1.701

 110.00 -15.11 .28 .0357 .006 1.673

 112.00 -15.01 .28 .0363 .007 1.646

 114.00 -14.90 .28 .0369 .007 1.618

 116.00 -14.78 .28 .0374 .007 1.590

 118.00 -14.64 .28 .0380 .008 1.561

 120.00 -14.49 .28 .0386 .008 1.532

 122.00 -14.31 .28 .0391 .008 1.502

 124.00 -14.09 .28 .0397 .009 1.471

 126.00 -13.81 .28 .0402 .009 1.438

 128.00 -13.46 .28 .0407 .009 1.404

 130.00 -13.02 .29 .0411 .009 1.368

 132.00 -12.45 .29 .0415 .009 1.331

 134.00 -11.74 .29 .0419 .010 1.293

 136.00 -10.85 .29 .0421 .010 1.254

 138.00 -9.77 .30 .0424 .010 1.217

 140.00 -8.50 .30 .0425 .010 1.183

 142.00 -7.06 .31 .0426 .010 1.154

37
 144.00 -5.45 .32 .0427 .010 1.131

 146.00 -3.72 .32 .0427 .010 1.116

 148.00 -1.90 .33 .0427 .010 1.107

 150.00 .00 .34 .0427 .010 1.105

 TOTAL NO-3 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = 83.362

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN SOIL SOLUTION PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .130

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN EXCHANGEABLE PHASE , MICROGRAMS = .178

 TOTAL NH-4 NITROGEN IN THE SOIL PROFILE , MICROGRAMS = .308

 CUMULATIVE NITROGEN DENITRIFIED, MICROGRAMS =161.48120

 CUMULATIVE NITRATE NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE AMMONIUM NITROGEN UPTAKE, MICROGRAMS = .000

 CUMULATIVE NO3-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = 36.93754

 CUMULATIVE NH4-N LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE, MG - N = .56342

 CUMULATIVE WATER OUTFLOW , CM = 56.34806

 W A T E R B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, CM = 48.59818

 AMOUNT OF WASTE WATER APPLIED OR RAINFALL IN THIS CYCLE, CM = 21.00000

 TOTAL WATER INPUT , CM = 69.59818

 O U T P U T

 AMOUNT OF WATER IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, CM = 43.84124

 TOTAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DURING THIS CYCLE, CM = = .00000

 AMOUNT OF GROUND WATER OUTFLOW DURING THIS CYCLE = 17.52756

 TOTAL WATER OUTPUT , CM = = 61.36880

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = -11.82412 PERCENT

 N I T R O G E N B A L A N C E

 I N P U T ,

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE FROM PREVIOUS CYCLE, MG - N = 138.58430

 WASTE WATER NITROGEN APPLIED DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = 84.00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN INPUT , MG - N = = 222.58430

 O U T P U T

 TOTAL NITROGEN PRESENT IN THE SOIL PROFILE AT THE END OF THIS CYCLE, MG - N = 83.66983

 TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE DURING THIS CYCLE , MG - N = .00000

 TOTAL NITROGEN LEACHED TO THE GROUND WATER TABLE = 28.53361

 TOTAL NITROGEN OUTPUT , MG - N = = 273.68470

 BALANCE = (OUTPUT - INPUT) * 100 / INPUT = 22.95776 PERCENT

38
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February 1995

A Modeling-Based Evaluation of the Effect of Wastewater Application #E8591S048

Practices on Groundwater Quality

PE: 6.11.02A

PR: 4A161102AT24

Charles M. Reynolds and Iskandar K. Iskandar TA: SS

WU: 020

U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory

72 Lyme Road CRREL Report 95-2

Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290

Office of the Chief of Engineers

Washington, D.C. 20314-1000

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Available from NTIS, Springfield, Virginia 22161

40

Groundwater Wastewater modeling

Nitrogen Wastewater treatment

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL

The model WASTEN was used to compare several nitrogen input scenarios and to predict the levels of nitrate in

groundwater for a proposed wastewater treatment facility at Fort Dix, New Jersey. The primary variables tested

were input concentration of NO3-N (nitrate nitrogen) and NH4-N (ammonium nitrogen) and long-term application of wastewater. Two NO3-N loading rates, 4 and 10 mg NO3-N/L, were tested for 168-day simulations. The

system’s response was estimated from the NO3-N concentration in water draining below 150 cm. For both input

NO3-N concentrations, the predicted NO3-N concentrations in the leachate below 150 cm were less than 2 mg

NO3-N/L. The initial NO3-N in the soil profile represented typical background levels for this site. The final

NO3-N in the soil profile was affected by both denitrification and leaching. The initial NH4-N in the simulated

soil profile was equal to the extractable NH4-N from soil samples taken at the Fort Dix site. Because a portion of

the extractable NH4-N exists as exchangeable rather than solution NH4-N, the soil profile values for the solution

NH4-N used in the simulation were greater than actual soil solution values would be. Moreover, by adjusting

model coefficients, all the initial NH4-N was forced to leach in the model simulations rather than be subjected to

nitrification, denitrification, immobilization or plant uptake. Due to the retardation effects on NH4-N mobility

caused by soil-ion sorption, the NH4-N leaching was distributed over an extended time rather than moving

rapidly below the unsaturated zone. With these assumptions, the WASTEN model predicted that the NO3-N at
43

13. ABSTRACT (cont’d.)

150 cm would be less than 1 mg NO3-N/L if the applied NO3-N was 4 mg NO3-N/L, and less than 2 mg NO3-

N/L if 10 mg NO3-N/L was applied. The predicted 

NO4

+ concentration in the leachate was very low, even when

an initial, uniform saturation of 5.0 mg NH4-N/L in the soil profile was assumed. In field situations there would

be little, if any, 

NO4

+ present following tertiary treatment of wastewater. Based on these calculations, the predicted concentration of NH4-N in the applied effluent would remain within regulatory requirements.