DECEMBER 1983 

ANNOTATED REFERENCES TO TECHNIQUES CAPABLE 

OF ASSESSING THE ROLES OF CEPHALOPODS 

IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN, 

WITH EMPHASIS ON PELAGIC SQUIDS 

- 

John B. Hedgepeth 

NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-39 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Southwest Fisheries Center 
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS 

The National OceanicandAtniosphericAdministration(NOAA), organized in 1970, hasevolved intoan 

agency which establishes national policies and manages and conserves our oceanic, coastal, and atmospheric resources An organizational element within NOAA. the Office of Fisheries is responsible for 

fisheries policy and the direction of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 

In addition to its formal publications. the NMFS uses the NOAATechnical Menlorandurn series to issue 

informal scientific and technical publications when complete formal review and editorial processing are 

not appropriate or feasible Documents within this series, however, reflect sound professional work and 

may be referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature 
NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS 

This TM series IS used tor documentation and timely communication of preliminary results imtertm reporls. or 

SpeClal purpose information. and have not recelved complete formal review. edltorial Control. or detailed editing 

DECEMBER 1983 

ANNOTATED REFERENCES TO TECHNIQUES CAPABLE 

OF ASSESSING THE ROLES OF CEPHALOPODS 

IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN, 

WITH EMPHASIS ON PELAGIC SQUIDS 

John B. Hedgepeth 

Southwest Fisheries Center 

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 

La Jolla, California 92038 

NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFC-39 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

John V. Byrne. Administrator 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

William G. Gordon, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries 
CONTENTS 

Page 

INTRODUCTION...,................................................... 1 

LITERATURE CITED ................................................... 2 

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................. 3 

TAXA INDEX........ ................................................. 56 

SUBJECT INDEX ...................................................... 65 

i 
ANNOTATED REFERENCES TO TECHNIQUES CAPABLE OF 

TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN, WITH EMPHASIS ON PELAGIC SQUIDS 

ASSESSING THE ROLES OF CEPHALOPODS IN THE EASTERN 

John B. Hedgepeth 

Southwest Fisheries Center 

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 

La Jolla, California 92038 

INTRODUCTION 

This annotated bibliography presents a list of publications relevant to 

pelagic cephalopod assessment, especially the assessment of epipelagic squids, 

in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP). 

important both to commercial fisheries (Voss 1973) and in their influences 

within oceanic ecosystems. 

stomachs of seabirds, fishes and marine mammals; and, squid are active 

predators of fishes, crustaceans and other marine organisms. 

cephalopods were of primary interest. And because many of these animals have 

a cosmopolitan distribution, articles have been selected from worldwide 

sources. The second criterion was presentation of assessment techniques 

applicable to ETP cephalopods. 

have been used solely within the ETP. 

Pelagic cephalopods are 

In particular, epipelagic squids are found in 

Two criteria were used for selection of articles. Articles concerning 

Selection was not confined to methods which 

I have reviewed each article as thoroughly as time has permitted, and 

have compiled a summary of the article and a list of key words for each 

reference. I considered a wide variety of subjects to be relevant to the topic 

of assessment. Some pertinent subjects were capture gear and techniques, 

stock differentiation, trophic dynamics, identification of species, population 

model 1 i ng, growth and reproduction, distribution, and other censusi ng methods. 

The references were entered into a microcomputer disk storage, using a 

format for a database program, Superfile (FYI 1982). 

access publications and summarized information by using key words. 

future, as new papers are identified, this database will be updated. 

This program is able to 

In the 

There are about 500 key words which reference approximately 200 entries. 

Key words were selected to index publications by author, taxon and 

information type (such as gear type, ocean, etc.). Taxa used were family, 

genus and species. 

More complete species names are found in the index. 

Species names use only the first initial of the genus. 

As an aid in locating articles by subject, each publication was placed 

into one of seven general categories, which are as follows: 

1) Keys to identification 

2) Summaries and surveys 

3) Squid as prey for marine organisms 

4 Commerci a1 f i sheri es 
2 

5) Gear 

6) Biology 

7) Assessment techniques and population modelling 

Accompanying each citation in the annotated bib1 iography is the number, 

between one and seven, which refers to one of the above general categories. 

These number codes follow a "*" at the beginning of the key words section of 

every citation. 

Annotations summarize informati on re1 evant to cephalopod assessment in 

the ETP. As a result, sometimes the annotations are not summaries of the 

entire publication. In addition, key words may not represent all information 

mentioned by a publication. However, this annotated bibliography should allow 

workers in fields which deal with cephalopods to easily identify the relevant 

articl es. 

LITERATURE CITED 

FYI. 1982. Superfile, User's Manual. FYI, Inc. Austin, Texas. 

Voss, G. L. 1973. Cephalopod resources of the world. FA0 Fisheries Circular 

(149). 75 pp. 
3 

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 

ALLY, J. R. R., and S. A. Keck. 1978. A biochemical-genetic population 

structure study of market squid, Loli o opalescens, along the California 

coast. Calif. Dept. Fish and Game * Bull. (169 ): 113-121. 

Compari sons of a1 1 el 1 ic variation, using the enzyme phosphogl ucomutase. 

There was no conclusive evidence of stock di scrimi nation. 

*6 ALLY J R R / KECK S A / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / STOCK / JIGGING 

NET 

ALVARIfiO, A., and J. R. Hunter. 1981. New records of A110 sis mollis Verrill 

(Cephal opoda, Octopoda) from the Pacific Ocean. -5- Nauti us -6-32. 

Description of two speci mens of pll opsus mol 1 i s captured off Southern 

Cal i forni a. A. mol 1 is i s found i n tropi cam subtropi cal waters, and 

has a cosmopox tmstri bution. This cephalopod was observed actively 

avoi di ng cap tu re. 

*6 ALVARIAO A / HUNTER J R / OCTOPODA / DISTRIBUTION / TRAWL / EASTPACIFIC 

ALVERSON, F. G. 1963. The food of yellowfin and skipjack tunas in the 

eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 

Bul letin 7(5): 294-367. 

A tuna feeding habits study from fish supplied by canneries and caught by 

both bait boats and purse-seiners. 

(47%), crustaceans (45%) and cephalopods (8%), by occurrence: crustaceans 

(76x1, fish (54%) and cephalopods (33%). 

volume: crustaceans (59%), fish (37%) and cephalopods (3%), by 

occurrence: crustaceans (76%), fish (36%) and cephalopods (13%). 

Onychoteuthi ds, ommastrephi ds and unidentified squi d were the main squi d 

food of yellowfin. However, skipjack fed primarily on enoploteuthids and 

cranchi ds. 

*3 ALVERSON F G / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / LOLIGO / A MORRIS11 / LINE / 

A HOYLEI / ONYKIA / 0 BANKS11 / T RHOMBUS / OMMASTREPHES / 0 GIGAS / 

S OUALANIENSIS / ETP / OCTOPODA / D DANAE / PURSE SEINE 

Yellowfin prey were by volume: fish 

Skipjack food items were by 

AMARAL, E. H., and H. A. Carr. 1980. Experimental fishing for squid with 

1 i ght in Nantucket Sound. Marine Fisheries Review 42(7-8):51-56. 

An experiment utilizing incandescent lights and mercury vapor lamps to 

capture longfinned squid, Loli o pealei. Squid congregated in the 

occasion. Netting of squid proved unsuccessful due to the erratic 

behavior of the squid. 

periphery of illumination 6-e ut catchey jigging were poor except on one 

*5 AMARAL E H / CARR H A / LIGHTS / JIGGING / NET / L PEALEI / ATLANTIC 
4 

AMOS, D., and R. DeMello. 1982. Application of multi-frequency echo sounders 

to squid detection. Proceedings of the International Squid Symposium, 

August 9-12, 1981, Boston, Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 45-53. 

Suggests methods for setting sounder controls (time varied gain, swept 

ti me constant, and pul se durati on). 

plumes or stripes, depending on settings and vessel movement. 

Squi d aggregati ons appeared as 

*7 AMOS D / DEMELLO R / SONAR / TRAWL 

ANONYMOUS. 1980. Australian squid fishery- resource, gear and methods. 

Department of Primary Industry, Fisheries Division, Fisheries Report 

(29). 16 pp. 

A description of squi d j i ggi ng operati ons. Li ghti ng, j i ggi ng speed, 1 i ne 

size, parachute anchoring, vessel construction and other areas discussed. 

TRAWL / GILLNET 

*5 PACIFIC / FISHING / N SLOANI GOULDI / S AUSTRALIS / JIGGING / LIGHTS / 

ANONYMOUS. 1981. The bi ol ogy and resource potential of cephalopods, summary 

of recommmendations, Me1 bourne, Austral ia, March 1981. National Museum 

of Victoria. Victoria Institute of Marine Sciences. VIMS Publication 

(VMP-28). 11 pp. 

Summary of workshop on cephalopod biol ogy and resources, deal i ng 

primarily with Austral i an appl i cations. Topi cs i ncl uded were taxonomy, 

ecology, biology, fisheries biology and assessment. Report states gill 

net fishing is three times more efficient than jigging. 

OMMASTREPH I DAE / OCTOPOD I DAE 

*6 PACIFIC / JIGGING / GILLNET / ASSESSMENT / SEPIIDAE / LOLIGINIDAE / 

ANONYMOUS. 1982a. Report on the squid workshop. Southwest Fisheries Center 

Administrative Report H-82-7. (NMFS, SWFC, La Joi la, Ca.) 

A summary of six talks on squid fisheries and resources in the Pacific 

Ocean. Fi sheri es mentioned were off Cal i fornia, Hawai i, Peru and Japan. 

Sea bi rd stomach samp? es, gonad eval uations, jigging, trawl i ng, and 

gi 11 netting provided assessment i nformation on Hawai ian squids. 

0 BARTRAMII / CRANCHIA / ARCHITEUTHIS / SEPIOTEUTHIS / T RHOMBUS / 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / h PELAGICUS / S BUALANIENSIS / SEABIRDS / TRAWL / 

FEEDING HABITS / GIL.L.NET / N HAWAIIENSIS / GQNATUS / GOMATOPSSS / 

S LUMINOSA / JIGGING /’ LINE / CRANCHIIDAE / LEPIOOTEUTHIDAE / LIGHTS / 

MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / ASSESSMENT / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / 

OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE / THYSANOTEUTHIS / AERALIA / ABRALIOPSIS / ELEDONELLA / 

HETEROTEUTHIS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / HYALOTEUTHIS / LEACHIA / LIOCRANCHIA / 

MEGALOCRANCHIA / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / PYROTEUTHIS / SANDALOPS / REPRODUCTION 

*7 D GIGAS / L OPALESCEMS / EASTPACIFIC / ETP / PACIFIC / 1’ PACIFICUS / 
5 

ANONYMOUS. 19826. Squid dri ft gi 11 net f i shery. Fi sheri es Agency. INPFC 

Document Ser. No. 2498. 21 pp. 

A short description of drift gillnet fishing for Ommastre hes bartramii 

are discussed. 

0 BARTRAMI I 

by Japanese vessels. History, operation and regu T-t-p7i ation o t e fishery 

"4 PACIFIC / FISHING / GILLNET / JIGGING / DISTRIBUTION / SEASONAL / 

ANONYMOUS. 1983. Squid drift gill net fishing- reviews and prospects. The 

Minato Shinbun, Jan. 12 1983. 

Japanese newspaper account of interactions within the squid drift 

gillnetting fleet. Gillnetters wanted to move west of a 170°E regulatory 

limit and into the fishery exploited by squid jigging vessels. Korean 

and Taiwanese gillnetters sometimes set nets contrary to the east-west 

Japanese deployment. 

the 1700E demarcation. 

A1 so, non-Japanese vessel s were not restricted by 

*4 GILLNET / JIGGING / PACIFIC / FISHING 

ARNOLD, G. P. 1979. Squid, a review of their biology and fisheries. 

Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Directorate of Fisheries 

Research Laboratory Leaflet No. 48, Lowestoft, UK. ISSN 0072-6699. 38 

PP 

A summary of squid fisheries and biology with numerous references to 

pertinent 1 i terature. Subjects discussed are systematics, biology, 

distribution, fisheries, fishing techniques, marketing, management and 

resource potenti a1 . *2 ARNOLD G P / WORLDWIDE / TRAWL / NET / JIGGING / LIGHTS / PUMP / LAMPARA 

FISHING / ASSESSMENT / DISTRIBUTION / REPRODUCTION / SEASONAL / GROWTH / 

VERTICAL / SQUID DIET / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS / PACIFIC / 

ATLANTIC / EASTPACIFIC / ETP / MEDITERRANEAN / SEABIRDS / FISH 

ASHMOLE, M. J. and N. P. Ashmole. 1968. The use of food samples from sea 

birds in the study of seasonal variation in the surface fauna of tropical 

oceanic areas. Pacific Science 22(1):1-10. 

A proposal to show variations in surface fauna by capture and analysis of 

regurgitations of sea birds. 

consisted mainly of flying fish, juvenile scombrids and ommastrephid 

squids. Comparisons showed that sea birds sample some food groups more 

efficiently than do trawls or yellowfin tuna. 

OMMASTREPHIDAE / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / TRAWL 

The diet of four species of sea birds 

*3 ASHMOLE N P / ASHMOLE M J / SEASONAL / SEABIRDS / PACIFIC / ASSESSMENT / 

ASHMOLE, N. P. 1968. Body size, prey size, and ecological segregation in five 

sympatric tropical terns (Aves: Lari dae). Systematic Zoo1 ogy 17:292-304. 

A description of feeding habits of five tern species found on Christmas 

Island. Differences in prey composition are related to feeding patterns 
6 

and anatomical structure of tern species. 

*3 ASHMOLE N P / SEABIRDS / PACIFIC / FEEDING HABITS 

ASHMOLE, N. P., and M. J. Ashmole. 1967. Comparative feeding ecology of sea 

birds of a tropical oceanic island. Peabody Museum of Natural History 

Bulletin (24): 1-131. 

Report of 1963-1964 food habits survey of 8 seabird species using 800 

samples col 1 ected on Christmas Is1 and. Frequency of occurrence of f i sh 

varied 45%-97%, and of squid 34%-97%. Nearly all squid were 

ommastrephids, Symplectoteuthi s spp. Comparisons were made with stomach 

contents observations of 191 surface caught yellowfin (from Reintjes and 

King 1553). 

*3 ASHMOLE N P / ASHMOLE M J / PACIFIC / SEABIRDS / FEEDING HABITS / FISH / 

SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / LOLIGO / ABRALIA / OMMASTREPHIDAE / OCTOPODA 

BALCH, N., T. Amaratunga, and R. K. O'Dor (eds.). 1978. Proceedings of the 

workshop on the squid Illex illecebrosus. Dalhousie University, Halifax, 

Nova Scotia, May, 1978m a bibliography on the genus Illex. Fisheries 

and Environment Canada. 

(833). 27 chapters. 

Fisheries and Marl ne Service TeZXal Report 

A review of the history of the fishery, population assessment, biology, 

and research deal i ng with the At1 antic Ocean ommastrephi d squid, I1 1 ex 

i 11 ecebrosus. Incl udes 23 papers. 

ASSESSMENT / FISHING / IDENTIFICATION / REPRODUCTION / JIGGING / 

DISTRIBUTION / MODEL / TRAWL / T PACIFICUS 

*z 'BALCKNAMARATUNGA T ODOR R K ATLANTIC I ILLECEBROSUS 

BEDDINGTON, J. R., and R. M. May. 1980. Maximum sustainable yields in 

systems subject to harvesting at more than one trophic level. 

Mathematical Biosciences 51:261-281. 

Extensions of a simple predator-prey model to mu1 ti species approaches: 

kri 11 -squi d-sperm whales, kri 11 -pengui ns-bal een whales. 

multispecies approach, both krill and sperm whales cannot sustain harvest 

based on i ndi vi dual maxi mum sustai nab1 e yi el ds. 

SQUID DIET 

In the 

*7 BEDDINGTON J R / MAY R M / MODEL / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / 

BEDDINGTON, J. R., and R. M. May. 1982. The harvesting of interacting 

species in a natural ecosystem. Scientific American 247(5):62-69. 

Article which suggests that Antarctic krill surplus, available after 

whale stock depletion, has contributed to increases of populations of 

remai ni ng baleen whales, seal s, pengui ns, sea birds, fi shes and squid. 

Contrasting with smoother patterns of change in whale populations, fishes 

and squids of the Gulf of Thailand show substantial fluctuations, because 

fish have high mortality rates and few age classes. 

FISH / SQUID DIET / ANTARCTIC / INDIAN 

*6 BEDDINGTON J R / MAY R M / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS / SEABIRDS / 
7 

BELYAYEV, G. M. 1962. Rostra of cephalopods in oceanic bottom sediments. 

Deep Sea Research 11(1):113-126. 

Report of abundances of cephalopod beaks from collections made in the 

Indian and Pacific Oceans (1954-1961). 

preserved for very long, rostra represent recent species. Densities 

(which were up to several thousand beaks per square meter) allow 

comparati ve quantification of squi d resources. 

squid resources in coastal areas of the Indian Ocean. 

*7 BELYAYEV G M / ASSESSMENT / DREDGE / DISTRIBUTION / G FABRIC11 / 

G MAGISTER / OCTOPODOTEUTHIS / ARCHITEUTHIS / T PAVO / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / 

INDIAN / PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION / A MOLLIS / MARINE MAMMALS 

FEEDING HABITS 

Because squid beaks are not 

Resul ts show untapped 

BEN-YAMI, M. 1976. Fishing with light. FA0 Fishing Manual. Fish News 

Books, Surrey, England. 121 pp. 

A history and review of fishing with light, with a worldwide coverage. 

Lighting and fishing gear are described for squid fishing, as well as for 

other species such as herring, anchovy, mackerel, saury, kilka and 

sardi ne1 1 a. 

FISHING 

*5 BEN-YAM1 M / WORLDWIDE / PUMP / LIGHTS / JIGGING / PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC 

BERNARD, F. R. 1980. Preliminary report on the potential commercial squid of 

British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic 

Sciences (942). 51 pp. 

Review of f i shi ng gear, processi ng, bi ol ogy and i denti f i cai ton. 

Exploratory fishing during fall 1979 by two Japanese research vessels, in 

conjunction with the Canadian government, is reported. 

*7 BERNARD F R / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS / 0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 

0 BARTRAMII / B MAGISTER / JIGGING / LIGHTS / SONAR / NET / GILLNET / 

IDENTIFICATION 

BERNARD, F. R. 1981. Canadian west coast flying squid experimental fishery. 

Canadian Industry Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (122). 23 pp. 

Description of squid gill net operations for catching Ommastrephes 

bartramii. 

across the northeast Pacific, including off Vancouver Island, are 

presented. 

DISTRIBUTION 

Investigative catches by two Japanese vessels, that fished 

*7 BERNARD F R / GILLNET / EASTPACIFIC / 0 BARTRAMII / MIGRATION / ETP / 

BERRY, S. S. 1912. A review of the cephalopods of Western North America. 

Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries 30:269-336. 

A survey of cephalopods collected from San Diego to Alaska, which 

presents species descriptions and notes on distributions. 

includes a key to identification of known regional cephalopods, and 25 

The review 
8 

*1 

plates of illustrations. 

BERRY S S / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS / S OUALANIENSIS / OCTOPODA / 

IDENTIFICATION 

BERRY, S. S. 1914. The Cephalopoda of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the 

United States Bureau of Fisheries 32:255-362. 

A key to and descriptions of cephalopods found in the Hawaiian Islands 

region. 

S OUALANIENSIS / OCTOPODA 

Includes illustrations and 11 plates. 

*1 BERRY S S / PACIFIC / IDENTIFICATION / DISTRIBUTION / 0 BANKSII / 

BERZIN, A. A. 1971. The Sperm Whale. Translated from Russian by Israel 

Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem 1972. Keter Press, 

Jerusalem. 294 pp. 

Chapter 12, "Feeding", i ncl udes methodology for studying stomach contents 

and summaries of feedi ng habi ts i nvesti gati ons from worl dw i de areas. 

Stomach contents from Paci f i c Ocean sources have yi el ded 25 cephal opod 

and 37 fish species, the major portion being squids. 

*3 BERZIN A A / PACIFIC / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / INDIAN / ATLANTIC / ANTARCTIC 

MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / M ROBUSTA / D GIGAS / G BOREALIS / 

ONYCHOTEUTHIS / OCTOPUS 

BLACKBURN, M. 1968. Micronekton of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean: 

family composition, distribution, abundance, and relations to tuna. 

Fishery Bulletin 67(1):71-115. 

A report of volumes of fishes, crustaceans, and cephalopods collected in 

the eastern tropical Pacific (1958-1961) in standard night hauls, in 

order to assess possible tuna prey. 

assessment could indicate the presence of yellowfin or skipjakk tuna. in 

unf i shed areas. 

Comparisons with stomach contents showed that micronekton surveyed was 

moderately di f ferent. 

*3 BLACKBURN M / ASSESSMENT / SEASONAL / FEEDING HABITS / FISH / 

DISTRIBUTION / NET / ETP / P GIARDI / PTERYGIOTEUTHIS / A MORRIS11 / 

ABRALIOPSIS / ABRALIA / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / 0 BANKSII / LEACHIA / 

L ESCHSCHOLTZI / PYRGOPSIS / L REINHARDTI / TEUTHOWENIA / C SICULUS / 

CTENOPTERYX / OCTOPODOTEUTHIS / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE 

The study assumed that prey 

Oomi nant cepal opods were Abral i o si s mori si and Leachi a 

eschschol tzi, but cephalopods amounted to + on y o tTF5iEronekF 

BLACKBURN, M., R. M. Laurs, R. W. Owen, and B. Zeitzschel. 1970. Seasonal 

and areal changes in standing stock of phytoplankton, zooplankton and 

micronekton in the eastern tropical Pacific. Marine Biology 7:14-31. 

Results of the 1967-1968 Eastropac oceanographic cruises, quantified to 

identify seasonal changes in chlorophyll a, zooplankton, and micronekton. 

Only ni ght catches were quantified because dayti me catches were one tenth 

the amount. Si gni f icant differences were seen in f i sh-cephal opod 

micronekton in the eastern cruise portion, based on latitude and 
9 

longitude but not on season. 

ETP / ASSESSMENT / SEASONAL 

*7 BLACKBURN M / LAURS R M / OWEN R W / ZEITZCHEL B / DISTRIBUTION / NET / 

BLACKBURN, M., and R. M. Laurs. 1972. Distribution of forage of skipjack 

tuna (Euthynnus pelamis) in the eastern tropical Pacific. NOAA 

Technical Report nRF-649. 16 pp. 

Areal presentation of concentrations of skipjack tuna forage, in ml per 

1000 cubic meters, from data collected during EASTROPAC expeditions, 

1967-1968. As reported, tuna forage was the lumped biomasses of species 

such as epipelagic fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods, collected in 

micronekton nets. 

*3 BLACKBURN M / LAURS R M / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / DISTRIBUTION / ETP 

BLACKBURN, M., and R. E. Thorne. 1974. Composition, biomass and distribution 

of pelagic nekton in a coastal upwelling area off Baja California, 

Mexico. Tethys 6( 1-2):281-290. 

A 1973 survey of species composition and biomass of pelagic nekton, off 

Baja California. 

acoustic data was related to biomass of the crabs. 

Since catches were principally galatheid crabs, 

*7 BLACKBURN M / THORNE R E / SONAR / NET / ASSESSMENT 

BLOTT, A. J. 1980. Experimental pair trawling for squid in New England. 

Marine Fisheries Review 42(7-8):57-59. 

A description of a squid bottom pair trawl. 

are discussed. 

9-10 inches, and towing speed might be 3.5-4 knots. 

Mesh size and towing speed 

Report suggests that mesh size should not be greater than 

*5 BLOTT A J / TRAWL / ATLANTIC / L PEALEI 

BLUNT, C. E. 1960. Observations on the food habits of longline caught bigeye 

and yellowfin tuna from the tropical eastern Pacific 1955-1956. 

California Fish and Game 46(1):69-80. 

Results of stomach contents examinations of 40 bigeye and 18 yellowfin 

tuna caught by longlines in the ETP. Bigeye prey items by volume were: 

cephalopods 63.2%, f i sh 21.6%, and crustaceans 15.1%. Dosci di cus gigas 

represented 50% of the volume of bigeye stomach contents. tood ofye1 1 owf i n by volume were: crustaceans 50.8%, f i sh 36.3%, and cephalopods 

12.9%. 

yellowfin diet. 

Portunid crabs and Auxis sp. were the main constituents of 

*3 BLUNT C E / FEEDING HABITS / ETP / D GIGAS / FISH / LONGLINE 

BOLETZKY, S. V. 1977. Diets for cephalopods. Unedited Manuscript, finished 

in August 1977, for the formerly planned CRC Handbook on Nutrition and 

Food. 32 pp. 

A summary of results of studies, of a number of investigators, on 
10 

cepalopod feeding, primarily in 1 aboratory cul ture. 

S SEPIODEA / L VULGARIS / L OPALESCENS / L PEALEI / L PLEI / D BLEEKERI / 

L BREVIS / I ILLECEBROSUS / T PACIFICUS 

*6 BOLETZKY S V / SQUID DIET / SEPIIDAE / OCTOPODIDAE / S LESSOMIANA / 

BURCZYNSKI, J. 1982. Introduction to the use of sonar systems for estimating 

fish biomass. FA0 Technical Paper (191) Rev. 1:89 pp. 

Basic pri nci pl es i nvol ved in acoustic surveys of fish stocks. 

includes elementary acoustics, target strengths, integration of signals, 

cal i brati on and quanti f i cati on. 

Coverage 

*7 BURCZYNSKI J / SONAR / ASSESSMENT 

BURUKOVSKI, R. N., T. V. Zouyev, Ch. M. Nigamatullin, and M. A. Tsymbal. 

1977. Methodol ogy pri nci pl es for pl otti ng scal es of reproducti ve 

maturing systems in female squids, based on Stenoteuthis pteropus 

(Cephal opoda, Ommastrephi dae). Zoo1 ogi cheskiy Zhurnal 56:1781-1791. 

Translated from Russian. Available from: Language Services Branch, 

National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 

Six stages of maturity are presented, with conditions of nindanental 

glands, ovary development, gonad coefficients, oviducts, and maturation 

coeff i ci ents. 

S PTEROPUS / REPRODUCTION 

*6 BURUKOVSKI R N / ZOUYEV T V / NIGAMATULLIN CH M / TSYMBAL M A / 

CADDY, J. F. 1981. Some factors relevant to management of cephalopod 

resources off West Africa. FAO, CECAF/TECH/81/37 (En). 46 pp. 

Hi story 1 eadi ng to devel opment of present cephal opod f i sheri es off West 

Africa, and management conclusions and recommendations. Report indicates 

that cephalopods are highly opportunistic and have expanded into niches 

once occupied by sparid fishes. 

*7 CADDY J F / TRAWL / 0 VULGARIS / SEPIA / ATLANTIC / FISHING 

CALLIET, G. M., K. A. Karpov, and D. A. Ambrose. 

as determined from purse seine and large midwater trawl catches in 

Monterey Bay and their affinities with the market squid, Loligo 

opalescens. Cal COFI Report 2O:Zl-30. 

An investigation, usi ng recurrent group analysi s, of commerci a1 anchovy 

purse-seine catches and midwater trawls to determine species cooccurrences with Lo1 igo opal escens. Anchovy haul s showed strong 

association between L. opalescens and En raul is mordax, while Merluccius 

productus was the on= squid associate + in ot shaTlow and deep midwater 

-No species had significant affinity with squid in winter 

midwater trawls. 

PURSE SEINE / DISTRIBUTION / SEASONAL / EASTPACIFIC / ASSESSMENT 

1979. Pelagic assemblages 

*7 CALLIET G M / KARPOV K A / AMBROSE D A / L OPALESCENS / TRAWL / 
11 

CHRISTOFFERSON, J. P., A. Foss, W. E. Lambert, and B. Wedge. 1978. An 

electrophoretic study of select proteins from the market squid, Loli o 

Berry. Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (16 9d 

An attempt to distinguish subpopulations of L. o alescens by enzyme 

L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC 

assay. Data could not verify if subpopulations -- 4-----h. existe 

*6 CHRISTOFFERSON J P / FOSS A / LAMBERT W E / WEDGE B / STOCK / 

CLARKE, S. H., and B. E. Brown. 1979. Trends in biomass of finfishes and 

squids in ICNAF subarea 5 and statistical area 6, 1964, as determined 

from research vessel survey data. Investi gacion Pesquera 43(1):107-122. 

Calculations of statified mean catch per tow and population variance, 

based on autumn bottom trawl surveys off New England. Although finfishes 

decl i ned duri ng 1963-1974, squid abundance appeared to increase. Total 

biomass estimates show decl i nes of 4741% from 1964-1975; and increases 

from 1975. 

*7 CLARKE S H / BROWN S E / I ILLECEBROSUS / L PEALEI / ASSESSMENT / 

ATLANTIC / TRAWL 

CLARKE, M. R. 1962. The identification of cephalopod "beaks" and the 

relationship between beak size and total body weight. 

British Museum (Natural History) 8(10):421-480, plates 13-22. 

Bulletin of the 

Methods for squid (and octopod) identification and weight estimation, 

using beak characteristics. 

regressions of total body weight on rostral length, keys to families by 

upper and lower beak characters, and photographs of beaks are presented. 

ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / ARCHITEUTHIDAE / GONATIDAE / 

ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / OCTOPODOTEUTHIDAE / THYSANOTEUTHIDAE / CHIROTEUTHIDAE / 

CRANCHIDAE / LOLIGINIDAE / SEPIIDAE / SEPIOLIDAE / OCTOPODIDAE / 

ARGONAUTIDAE 

Family and species beak descriptions, 

*1 CLARKE M R / IDENTIFICATION / MORPHOMETRICS / OMMASTREPHIDAE / 

CLARKE, M. R. 1965. Large light organs on the dorsal surfaces of the squids 

Ommastre hes pteropus, 'Sympl ectoteuthi s oual aniensi s'and 'Dosci dicus hc. Malac. SOC. Lond. 36:319 - 321. 

*6 

Description of photogenic organs, present in young females and males of 

0. pteroy?; Pacific S. oualaniensis were not found to possess a similar 

organ, w 1 e those of %e Indian Ocean did. Contrary to previous report, 

D. 

CLARKE M R / 0 PTEROPUS / S OUALANIENSIS / D GIGAS / STOCK 

i as did not possess the organ, which may indicate stock 

?IT fP- erenti ati on. 

CLARKE, M. R. 1966. A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic 

squi ds. 

An extensive review of the distribution, depth, and life history of 

oceanic squid, presented in taxonomic sequence. Predators, sizes as 

Advances i n Mari ne Bi ol ogy 4: 93-300. 
12 

presented by mantle length, and depth distribution of families are 

summarized. 

to evade sampling gear, squid ecology is poorly known. 

FEEDING HABITS / SQUID DIET / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / DISTRIBUTION / 

SEASONAL / VERTICAL / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / PACIFIC / PARASITE / INDIAN / 

ATLANTIC / MEDITERRANEAN / ARCTIC / ANTARCTIC / NET / S OUALANIENSIS / 

D GIGAS / 0 BARTRAMII / 0 BANKS11 / P GIARDI / C SCABRA / S LUMINOSA / 

M ROBUSTA / 0 CARRIBAEA / H PELAGICA 

Because many oceanic squid are fast swimmers, and are able 

*2 CLARKE M R / WORLDWIDE / TRAWL / FISH / SEABIRDS / MARINE MAMMALS / 

CLARKE, M. R. 1972. New technique for the study of sperm whale migration. 

N a tu re, Lon don 238(5364): 405-406. 

Report of evidence that male sperm whales larger than about 37 feet 

migrated from the Antarctic before being caught off Durban. Evidence 

came from examination of stomach contents of female, young male, and 

large bull whales. The percentage of Antarctic cephalopod beaks from 

males increased with the size of the whale. Possible explanations are 

that larger whales migrate further south, or that smaller whales take 

longer to travel from the Antarctic. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / ANTARCTIC / ATLANTIC / 

DISTRIBUTION / MIGRATION 

CLARKE, M. R. 1977. Beaks, nets and numbers. Symp. Zool. SOC. Lond. 

(38) ~89-126. 

A number of comparisons of cephalopod assessment results. Sampl i ng 

techniques included were nets (Engels midwater trawl, Isaacs-Kidd 

midwater trawl, rectangular midwater trawl, British Columbia midwater 

trawl, and ring nets), stomachs (whales, porpoises, birds, seals, sharks, 

and tuna), and surface observations. Curves of cumulative species 

composi tion versus family, by region, show differences due to sampling 

techniques. Clarke concludes that there are more cephalopods than net 

sample analysis alone suggests. 

*7 CLARKE M R / FEEDING HABITS / TRAWL / MARINE MAMMALS / SEABIRDS / FISH / 

ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC / ANTARCTIC / INDIAN / NET / ASSESSMENT 

WORLDWIDE 

CLARKE, M. R. 1980. Cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern 

hemi sphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology. Di scovery Reports 

37: 1-324. 

A study of sperm whale feeding on cephalopods, from stomach samples 

collected at South Africa, Australia, South Georgia, and the south 

Atlantic. Presentation of cephalopod occurrence was by size and sex of 

whales, by cumulative percentages, by region and by season. 

regressions of cephalopod wet weights on beak lengths, and presents 

systematics and ecology of collected cephalopods, with descriptions and 

illustrations of flesh remains and lower beaks. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / DISTRIBUTION / SEASONAL / 

ANTARCTIC / ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / INDIAN / MORPHOMETRICS / ARCHITEUTHIS / 

TODARODES / KONDAKOVIA / MOROTEUTHIS / VAMPYROTEUTHIS / ALLOPSUS / 

Report shows 
13 

LIOCRANCHIA LEPIDOTEUTHIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / TANINGIA / CHIROTEUTHIS / 

MESONYCHOTEUTHIS / GALITEUTHIS / CYCLOTEUTHIS / CRYSTALLOTEUTHIS / 

GONATUS / PHOLIDOTEUTHIS / TAONIS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / ANCISTROCHEIROS / 

MASTIGOTEUTHIS / DISCOTEUTHIS / PHASMATOPSIS 

CLARKE, M. R. 1981. The squid factor. Working paper for Workshop on the 

Biology and Resource Potential of Cephalopods, Me1 bourne, Australia, 

March 1981. National Museum of Victoria, Victoria Institute of Marine 

Sciences. 14 pp. 

Presentation of the use of stomach contents examinations to provide 

information directly relevant to food web studies. Lower trophic 

dynamics can be povided by study of stomachs of cephalopods caught in 

nets or collected from predator stomachs. Beak identification (with body 

weight regressions on beak size) can overcome estimation problems due to 

parti a1 digestion. From the study of cephal ophages, total cephalopod 

population may be estimated. 

ASSESSMENT / SQUID DIET 

*7 CLARKE M R / MARINE MAMMALS / SEABIRDS / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / 

CLARKE, M. R. and J. D. Stevens. 1974. Cephalopods, blue sharks and 

migration. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 54(3):949-957. 

Report of stomach contents of 151 blue sharks caught off Cornwall and in 

the Bay of Biscay. 

Cornwall could indicate recent migration of the sharks to that area. 

Sharks ate many cephalopod species rarely caught in research nets. 

T MEGALOPS / PHASMATOPSIS / H REVERSA / H BONNELLII / T EBLANAE / 

0 CAROL1 / G FABRIC11 / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / ROSSIA / S OFFICINALIS / 

E CIRRHOSA / HISTIOTEUTHIS 

Oceanic cephalopod remains in sharks caught off 

*3 CLARKE M R / ASSESSMENT / STEVENS J D / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / ATLANTIC 

CLARKE, M. R., N. MacLeod, and 0. Paliza. 1976. Cephalopod remains from the 

stomachs of sperm whales caught off Peru and Chile. J. Zool., Lond. 180: 

477-493. 

Comparisons with data from Nesis (1973a) showed that sperm whales sampled 

larger and different squids than did trawls. The presence of Gonatus and 

Mesonychoteuthi s may have indicated northward migration from tr 

Antarctic. Lower beaks of six species are described and lower beak 

length frequency distributions are presented for a1 1 cephalopods sampled. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MACLEOD N / PALIZA 0 / EASTPACIFIC / IDENTIFICATION / ETP / 

MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / D GIGAS / CHIROTEUTHIS 

OCTOPOTEUTHIS / T DANAE / G ANTARCTICUS / A LESUEURI / SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / 

T MEGALOPS / PHASMATOPSIS / M HAMILTON1 / MOROTEUTHIS / PSYCHROTEUTHIS / 

V INFERNALIS 
14 

CLARKE, M. R. and T. K. Kristensen. 1980. Cephalopod beaks from the stomachs 

of two northern bottl enosed whales (Hyperoodon ampul 1 atus). 

Biol. Ass. U.K. 60:151-156. 

J. Mar. 

Squid lower beaks identified and squid weights estimated in stomachs of 

two bottlenosed whales stranded off Denmark. A1 though Gonatus fabricii 

made up 99% and 74% of the lower beaks found in the two-, total 

cephalopod composition may indicate whale movements. Vampyroteuthis 

remains in one whale may show southward migration. 

*3 CLARKE M R / KRISTENSEN T K / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / ATLANTIC 

G FABRIC11 / T PAVO / T MEGALOPS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / 

CHIROTEUTHIS / T SAGITTATUS / L GRIMALDII / V INFERNALIS 

CLARKE, M. R., N. MacLeod, H. P. Castello, an.d M. C. Pinedo. 1980. 

Cephalopod remains from the stomach of a sperm whale stranded at Rio 

Grande do Sul in Brazil. Marine Biology 59:235-239. 

Examination of cephalopod beaks from the stomach of a stranded 34 ft male 

sperm whale. 

a1 1 owed comparisons of species by weight. Species composition indicated 

that the whale had migrated from the Antarctic and had fed along the way 

on South American cephalopods from the continental slope. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MACLEOD N / CASTELLO H P / PINED0 M C / FEEDING HABITS / 

MARINE MAMMALS / MORPHOMETRICS / MIGRATION / ATLANTIC / ANTARCTIC 

Regressions of cephalopod weight on lower rostral lengths 

CLARKE, M. R. and N. MacLeod. 1980. Cephalopod remians from sperm whales 

caught off western Canada. 

A study of cephalopod beaks collected from 20 sperm whales processed at 

Vancouver Island, B.C. On the average, seven beaks were identified per 

stomach. Food i tems were predominately gonatids and onychoteuthids, but 

with a small number of histioteuthids and octopoteuthids. A lower beak 

identification is given for Gonatus fabricii. 

EASTPACIFIC / IDENTIFICATION 

Marine Biology 59:241-246. 

*3 CLARKE M R MACLEOD N / MARIIETVMMA~DING HABITS G FABRICII / 

CLARKE, M. R., and F. Trillmich. 1980. Cephalopods in the diet of fur seals 

of the Galapagos Islands. J. Zool., London 190:211-215. 

A study of regurgitations, from seven adult fur seals, surveyed the 

cephalopod portion of stomach contents (squid, fish and nematodes). Out 

of 275 lower squid beaks, 96% were Onychoteuthis banksi. The 

distribution of lower rostral lengths ot 0. banksipresented. Squid 

which made up diet, by weight, were 0. baTksi%), ommastrephids (26%), 

and other (1%). 

SEABIRDS / 0 BANKS11 / MASTIGOTEUTHIS / S OUALANIENSIS / 0 BARTRAMII 

- 

*3 CLARKE M R / TRILLMICH F / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS / ETP / 
15 

CLARKE, M. R., and P. A. Prince. 1981. Cephalopod remains in regurgitations 

of black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses at South Georgia. 

Antarct. Surv. Bull. (54):l-7. 

Br. 

A study of cephalopods from regurgitations of both chick and adult 

albatrosses. Most likely, birds fed at dusk and dawn, as indicated from 

the cephalopod species and habits. 

*3 CLARKE M R / PRINCE P A / SEABIRDS / FEEDING HABITS 

CLARKE, M. R., and N. MacLeod. 1982a. Cephalopod remains from the stomachs 

of sperm whales caught in the Tasman Sea. 

V i c tor i a ( 43): 25-42. 

Memoirs of the National Museum 

Cephalopod sampl i ng, vi a 66 sperm whal e stomach contents from ani mal s 

caught commercial ly. Results indicate that cephalopods make up a 1 arger 

portion of the standing stock of nekton than net sampling would suggest. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MACLEOD N / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / PACIFIC 

CLARKE, M. R., and N. Macleod. 1982b. Cephalopod remains in the stomachs of 

eight Weddell Seals. Br. Antarct. Surv. Bull. (57):33-40. 

A first detailed study of the cephalopod diet of Weddell seals indicated 

that all squids identified, except one, were also part of sperm whale 

diets. While many squids found in seal stomachs were also prey of 

a1 batrosses, the proportions and diversities of squid species varied 

considerably. 

*3 CLARKE M R / MACLEOD N / BIRDS / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / 

ANTARCTIC 

COHEN, E., M. Grosslein, M. Sissenwine, F. Serchuk, and R. Bowman. 1981. 

Stomach content studies in relation to mu1 ti species f i sheries analysis 

and modeling for the Northwest A1 tantic. International Council for 

Exploration of the Sea. ICES C.M. 1981/G:66. 

General summary of mu1 ti species approaches which use model s of predatorprey relations, for Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank fishes. 

was placed on pre-recrui t predation and feeding habits studies. 

FEEDING HABITS / FISH / ATLANTIC 

Importance 

*7 COHEN E / GROSSLEIN M / SISSENWINE M P / SERCHUK F / BOWMAN R / MODEL / 

COLEMAN, N., and D. Hobday. 1982. Squid not vi tal in the diets of 

commercially important fish from SE Australia. Australian Fisheries 

41 ( 11) : 6-8. 

Food habits survey of commercial fishes showed that arrow squid was not 

an essential prey item. Investigation followed concern that squid 

fishing might affect other fisheries. 

*3 COLEMAN N / HOBDAY D / PACIFIC / FISH / FEEDING HABITS 
16 

COURT, W. G. 1980. Japan's squid fishing industry. Marine Fisheries Review 

42( 7-8): 1-9. 

Presentation of the background and present state of Japan's squid 

fisheries. After 1969, with declining CPUE, the Todarodes pacificus 

fishery was regulated, but resource management has been neglected. Other 

squid fisheries are concentrated in New Zealand and off the east coast of 

North and South America. 

Equador, Mexico, New Zeal and, and Australia. 

imported squid has increased; in 1978, 122,000 tons was imported, of 

which 1,900 tons was Loli o o alescens. 

*4 COURT W G / PACIFIC / +pi-- AT ANTIC T PACIFICUS / 0 BARTRAMII / L PEALEI / 

I ILLECEBROSUS / I ARGENTINIUS / N SLOANI GOULDI / JIGGING / TRAWL / 

GILLNET / FISHING 

Test fishing ventures have been sent to 

Recently, Japan's quota of 

DAWE, E. G. 1981. Overview of present progress towards aging short-finned 

squid (Illex illecebrosus) using statoliths. Journal of Shellfish 

Research2):193 - 195. 

Review of the preparation of statoliths and interpretation of growth 

rings, from the 1 i terature deal i ng with I1 1 ex i 11 ecebrosus, Lo1 i go 

o alescens and Gonatus fabricii. Back camations based on growth rings 

hstentmrestimated mantle lengths. Suggestions to avoid 

such shortcomings, in this method of aging, are presented. 

*6 DAWE E G / ATLANTIC / EASTPACIFIC / AGING / I ILLECEBROSUS / G FABRIC11 / 

L OPALESCENS / GROWTH 

DEWEES, C. M., and R. J. Price. 

Cooperative Extension, Di v 

California, Leaflet 21330. 

1983. The California squid fishery. 

sion of Agricultural Sciences, Univers ty of 

15 PPA general overview of the ialifornia fishery for Loligo opalescens. 

Contains annotated bibliography with 27 references. 

*4 DEWEES C M / PRICE R J / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS / FISHING / LIGHTS / 

NET / LAMPARA / SONAR / PURSE SEINE / PUMP / D GIGAS 

ENGEL, H. H. 1975. Commercial trawling gear used for squid fishing in the 

North Atlantic (Japanese gear excluded). FA0 Fisheries Reports (170) 

Supplement 1:133-141. 

Description of several types of bottom trawls, with dimensions and 

meshsizes. Best type was a medium opening bottom trawl (6 to 7 m 

vertical opening) with long wings. 

*5 ENGEL H H / TRAWL / FISHING / L PEALEI / ATLANTIC 

EVANS, W. E. 1975. Distribution, differentiation of populations, and other 

aspects of the natural history of Delphinus del his Linnaeus in the 

Northeastern Pacific. PhD. dissertation, Universi + y of California, Los 

Angeles. 145 pp. 

Contains section entitled "Diet, diving and feeding behavior", in which 
17 

diets of "southern California continental borderland" dolphins are 

described. Fall and winter collected animals contained 63% fish and 37% 

squid (99% Loli o o alescens), while spring and summer collections 

contained dh-al opods (85% onychoteuthids and 15% L. 

o alescens), and 7% crustaceans. Comparison of food availabil i ty-was 

hcommercial fish catches. 

ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE 

*3 EVANS W E / EASTPACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / L OPALESCENS 

FAO. 1979. Mammals in the Seas. Volume 11. Pinniped Species Summaries and 

Report on Sirenians. FA0 Fisheries Series No. 5, Volume 11. 15 pp. 

Contains papers which include references to predation upon cephalopods 

(South American Sea Lion, South American Fur Seal, and California Sea 

Lion). 

"3 FA0 / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / ETP / EASTPACIFIC 

FAO. 1982. Report of the special working group on cephalopod stocks in the 

northern region of CECAF. CECAF/ECAF Series 82/24 (En). 178 pp. 

Report of cephalopod fisheries off northwest Africa. 

catch statistics, length frequency analyses, gear selectivity and biology 

are discussed. 

overexpl oi ted. 

GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / ATLANTIC / STOCK 

Production models, 

Both Fox and Schaefer models suggest that stocks are 

Appendices are in French and Spani sh. 

*7 FA0 / 0 VULGARIS / S OFFICINALIS / L VULGARIS / MODEL /ASSESSMENT / 

FIELDS, W. G. 1965. The structure, development, food re1 ations reproduction, 

and life history of the squid Loli o opalescens Berry. Calif. Dept. Fish 

and Game, Fish Bulletin 131. dMonograph on the common, coastal east Pacific lolignid, Loligo 

o alescens. Descriptions of growth, reproduction, fisheries, and 

*6 FIELDS W G / L OPALESCENS / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / SEASONAL / 

DISTRIBUTION / MORPHOMETRICS / SQUID DIET / FISH / MARINE MAMMALS / 

FEEDING HABITS / EASTPACIFIC / PARASITE 

P- pre ator-prey re1 ati ons are i ncl uded. 

FIELDS, W. G., and V. A. Gauley. 1972. A report on cephalopods collected by 

Stanford Oceanographic Expedition 20 to the eastern tropical Pacific 

Ocean September to November 1968. Veliger 15(2):113-118. 

A survey which collected 17 cephalopods, on the 1968 cruise of the RV Te 

Collection methods used were Tucker trawl, bongo net, handlineSregurgi tations of a Colombian booby. 

A AFFINIS / B ABYSSICOLA / B BACIDIFERA / D GIGAS / S OUALANIENSIS / 

H PFEFFERI / SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS 

*2 FIELDS W G / GAULEY V A / ETP / MORPHOMETRICS / OCTOPUS / JAPETELLA / 
18 

FILIPPOVA, Yu. A. 

the world ocean. Izdatel 'stvo "Nauka", Moskva:89-101. Translated from 

Russian. 

Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 

Distribution of squids based on 3,000 specimens, collected by research 

and fishing vessels, 1959-1967, from 272 stations worldwide. 

ETP / EASTPACIFIC / LOLIGO / S OUALANIENSIS / 0 BARTRAMII / D GIGAS / 

MIGRATION / WORLDWIDE 

1971. The distribution of squids in the pelagic waters of 

Available from: Langauge Services Branch, National Marine 

*2 FILIPPOVA YU A / DISTRIBUTION / ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / INDIAN / ANTARCTIC / 

FISCUS, C. H. 1982. Predation by marine mammals on squids of the eastern 

North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. 

10. e 

Marine Fisheries Review 44(2):1- 

Survey of squid from examination of stomach contents of northern fur 

seal s, Dall's porpoi se, Pacific whi te-sided dol phi ns, saddleback 

dolphins, killler whales, and sperm whales, from central California to 

the Bering Sea. 

Onychoteuthis boreal i japonicus, Berryteuthi s ma 1 ster, ahpsi s 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 0 BARTRAMII / GONATUS / BERRYTEUTHIS / GONATOPSIS 

M ROBUSTA / CHIROTEUTHIS / ABRALIOPSIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / OCTOPUS 

Based on frequent occurrences, Loligo o alescens, 

H / EASTPACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / L OPALESCENS 

boreal is coul d probably support northern commerci + a i sheri es. 

*3 

FISCUS, C. H., and R. W. Mercer. 1982. Squids taken in surface gillnets in 

the North Pacific Ocean by the Salmon Investigations Program, 1955-72. 

U.S. Dep. Commer., Natl. Oceanic Atmos. Admin., Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., 

NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS F/NWC-28. 32 pp. 

A report of incidental catches of squids in salmon research gillnets, in 

latitudes 40 N to 60 N, and longitudes 125 W to 180 W. Gillnet mesh was 

between 64 and 133 mm stretch measure. and catches were qreatest in 64 

and 83 mm meshes. 

probably support a jyg fishery; and, - 0'. bartrami i presented a potenti a1 

for commerci a1 ai 1 netti na. 

0. boreali japonicus was most abundant-and could 

*7 FISCUS c H MERICER R w 7 EASTPACIFIC / GILLNET / G BOREALIS / J HEATHI / 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / GONATUS / BERRYTEUTHIS / 0 BARTRAMII / CHIROTEUTHIS 

FLORES, E. E. C. 1972. Handline fishing for squid in the Japan Sea. FA0 

Fisheries Circular (142): 1-6. 

A description of squid jigging gear and fishing operations on Japanese 

vessel s. 

*5 FLORES E E C / LINE / JIGGING / PACIFIC / FISHING 

FLORES, E. E. C. 1982. Light attraction in squid fishing. Proceedings of 

the International Squid Symposium, August 9-12, 1981, Boston, 

Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 55-68. 

Review of the use of lights for attracting squid during jigging 
19 

operations. Paper discusses incandescent , mercury, ha1 ogen, 

fluorescent, and underwater 1 ighting. Differences in squid response to 

the various 1 i ght types probably results from species re1 ated reacti ons. 

*5 FLORES E E C / LIGHTS / JIGGING / PUMP / PURSE SEINE / FISHING 

FLORES, E. E. C., S. Igarashi, and T. Mikami. 1978. Studies on squid 

behavior in relation to fishina. 111. On the oDtomotor resDonse of 

squid, Todarodes paci ficus Stekstrup, to vari ous col ors. 'Bull. Fac. 

Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 29(21 : 131-140. 

Study which suggests the absence of color vision in squid. 

of these results can be applied to squid line fishing; rather than color, 

contrast of the jig against the surrounding water would be most 

important. 

An extension 

*6 FLORES E E C / IGARASHI S / MIKAMI T / JIGGING / T PACIFICUS 

GAEVSKAYA, A. V. 1976. On the helminthofauna of the Atlantic squid 

Ommastrephes bartrami, Le Sueur. Biological Fisheries Research in the 

Atlantic Ocean. 1916 . AtlanNIRO, Works, 69:89-96. Trans1 ated from 

Russian by M. 0. Pierson. (Provided by F. G. Hochberg, Museum of Natural 

History, Santa Barbara, Ca.) 

Study found that 0. bartramii of the South Atlantic was infected by one 

trematode speciesTthree cestodes and two nematodes,which are described. 

Probabl e developmental cycles are presented. 

*6 GAEVSKAYA A V / PARASITE / 0 BARTRAMII / ATLANTIC 

GAEVSKAYA, A. V. 1977. Features of the trematodofauna of cephalopod 

molluscs. Materials of the Scientific Conferences of the All-Union 

He1 mi n t h o l o g i c a l Society. Vol. 29, "Trematoda and Trematozoa". Moscow: 12- 

17. Translated from Russian by M. 0. Pierson. (Provided by F. G. 

Hochberg, Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, Ca. ) 

*6 

Paper states that extent and intensity of infection is significantly 

higher in oceanic Atlantic Ocean ommastrephids than in neritic species, 

and that tropical squids have higher infection rates than temperate ones. 

GAEVSKAYA A V / PARASITE / ATLANTIC / OMMASTREPHIDAE / SQUID DIET 

GAEVSKAYA, A. V., and Ch. M. Nigamatullin. 1976. Biotic relationships of 

Ommastre hes bartrami (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae) in the North and 

dc. Zool. Zhur. 55( 12): 1800-1810. Translated from Russi an 

by M. 0. Pierson. (Provided by F. G. hochberg, Museum of Natural 

Hi story, Santa Barbara, Ca.) 

Paper reports a correspondence of the trophic and parasitic relationships 

of Ommastrephes bartramii. Most of the helminthofauna of this squid were 

similar in the North and South Atlantic although the squid stocks have 

been separate fo 15-20,000 years. 

DISTRIBUTION / SQUID DIET / FISH / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / 

STOCK 

*6 GAEVSKAYA A V / NIGAMATULLIN CH M / 0 BARTRAMII / ATLANTIC / PARASITE / 
20 

GASKIN, D. E., and M. W. Xawthorn. 1967. Squid mandibles from the stomachs 

of sperm whales (Physeter catodon) captured in the Cook Strait region of 

New Zealand. N.L. J1. Marmwat. Res. 1:59-70. 

Identifications of cephalopod lower beaks found in two sperm whales. 

Beaks were separated into 11 types, and then types were compared to beaks 

obtained from whole squid. 

*3 GASKIN D E / CAWTHORN M W / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / MOROTEUTHIS 

N SLOANI / H COOKIANA / ARCHITEUTHIS / S BILINEATA / OCTOPODA / PACIFIC / 

IDENTIFICATION 

GREENBLATT, P. 1981. Sources of acoustic backscattering at 87.5 kHz. J. 

Acoust. SOC. Am. 70(1):134-142. 

Investigation, which uti1 ized three diffe’rent approaches, to determine 

sources of backscattering from the oceanic backscattering 1 ayer. 

Although the approaches (one theoretical, two sampling) gave similar 

results, there were some discrepancies between approaches. 

Backscattering sources were fish, squid, and large zooplankton. Fish and 

squid were found early in the eveni ngs, whi 1 e euphausi ds appeared 1 ater 

at night. 

*7 GREENBLATT P / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / EASTPACIFIC / NET 

GREENBLATT, P. 1982. Distributions of volume scattering observed with an 

87.5 kHz sonar. J. Acoust. SOC. Am. 71(4):879-885. 

Upward and downward migrations of fish, squid, and plankton were measured 

with a horizontally aimed 87.5 kHz sonar. Resolution was between 17 and 

400 m. 

downward migrations, and may indicate that organisms were more 

concentrated during upward migrations. 

Scattering strengths of upward migrations were stonger than of 

*7 GREENBLATT P / SONAR 1 EASTPACIFIC / ASSESSMENT 

GREENLAW, C. F. 1979. Acoustical estimation of zooplankton populations. 

Li mnol. Oceanogr. 24(2):226-242. 

Report of acoustical estimation of the size distributlov c;.d abundance of 

euphausi ds, using messurements at several frequenci2s. 

*7 GREENLAW C F / SONAR / ASSESSVENT 

GRIEB, T. M., and R. D. Beelaan. 1978, A study of spermatogenesis in the 

spawning pspulation of the SQUid, Loligo opalescens. Cal. Dept. of Fish 

and Game Fish Bull. (169):lI-33. 

Description of male squid reproductive system and maturation, using 

electron microscopy of testicular tissue or spermataphores. Results 

suggest that males spawn just once, and then die. 

*6 GRIEF3 T M / BEEMAN R D / L OPALESCENS / REPRODUCTION / EASTPACIFIC 
21 

HAMABE, M., T. Kawakami, T. Watabe, and T. Okuya. 1975. Views on the 

development of overseas squid pole and line fishing. Prog. Rep. Squid 

Fish. Survey World (5):129-137. Translated from Japanese in: Canadian 

Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (4585). 35 pp. Available 

from: Language Services Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, 

W ashi ngton, D.C. 

Overview of surumeika (Todarodes pacificus) fishing, including a history 

1 eadi ng to the devel opment of present ji ggi ng methods, and bi ol ogical 

information. A1 so, Japanese overseas squid fishing operations, such as 

for Doscidicus i as, are summarized. 

JIGGING / D GIGAS / REPRODUCTION / GROWTH / ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / ETP / 

MIGRATION / FISHING 

*4 HAMABE M / K AW AaRgr M T / WATABE T / OKUYA T / T PACIFICUS / LIGHTS / 

HAMABE, M., C. Hamuro, and M. Ogura. 1982. Squid jigging from small boats. 

FA0 Fishing Manuals. Fishing News Books, Surrey, England. 72 pp. 

Description of squid jigging gear and its operation. Lighting, jig 

types, vessel layouts, and squid processing are among the topics 

di scussed. 

*5 HAMABE M / HAMURO C / OGURA M / JIGGING / LIGHTS / FISHING 

HANLON, R. T., R. F. Hixon, J. W. Forsythe and J. P. Hendrix, Jr. 

Cephalopods attracted to experimental night 1 i ghts during a saturation 

dive at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. The Bulletin of the 

Malacalogical Union 1979:53-58. 

Three types of lighting were used to attract squids: surface 

incandescent, surface quartz-i odi de and underwater mercury vapor. Four 

species were collected from the underwater habitat which was operated at 

depths between 13 and 40 m. 

*5 HANLON R T / HIXON R F / FORSYTHE J W / HENDRIX J P / LIGHTS / ATLANTIC / 

A VERANYI / OMMASTREPHES / LOLIGO / S SEPIOIDEA 

1979. 

HARRIS, M. P. 1973. The biology of the waved albatross Diomedea irrorata of 

Wood Island, Galapagos. Ibis 115(4):483-510. 

A study of the ecology and biology of waved albatross, from colonies on 

the Galopagos Islands. A food habit survey, using regurgitations, showed 

that squid was a major diet item. About 80% of squid beaks were 

histioteuthids and octopoteuthids; however, ommastrephids comprised the 

major fraction of biomass, from estimates of mean weights based on beak 

sizes. 

*3 HARRIS M P / FEEDING HABITS / SEABIRDS / ETP / S OUALANIENSIS / 

CALLITEUTHIS / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / MOROTEUTHIS / PHOLIDOTEUTHIS / 

HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / OCTOPODOTEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / CHIROTEUTHIDAE / 

ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / PHOLIDOTEUTHIDAE 
22 

HERRING, P. J. 1977. Luminescence in cephalopods and fish. Symp. Zool. SOC. 

Lond. (38): 127 -159. 

"6 

Contains a 1 i st of cephal opod genera contai ni ng 1 umi nous species. 

Presents illustrations of the positions of light organs on 25 

cephal opods. 

HERRING P J / IDENTIFICATION / SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / OMMASTREPHES / GONATUS 

ONYCHOTEUTHIS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / ABRALIOPSIS / CRANCHIA / 

LOLIGO / BATHYTEUTHIS / GALITEUTHIS 

HESS, S. C., and R. B. Toll. 1981. Methodology for specific diagnosis of 

cephalopod remains in stomach contents of predators with reference to the 

broadbill swordfish, Xiphias gladius. Journal of Shellfish Research 1 

(2) : 161-170. 

Presentation of techniques used to identify 15 cephalopod species, from a 

feeding habits study of 65 broadbill swordfish caught off Florida. 

Methods can be applied to other predators and other oceanic areas, 

because there were a number of cosmopolitan cephalopod species. 

*3 HESS S C / TOLL R B / IDENTIFICATION / PACIFIC / INDIAN / MEDITERRANEAN / 

FISH / FEEDING HABITS / ATLANTIC / 0 BANKS11 / A LESUEURI / T MASSYAE / 

ARCHITEUTHIS / H DOFLEINI / C SICULUS / 0 PTEROPUS / 0 ANTILLARUM / 

T RHOMBUS / C SCABRA / J DIAPHANA / ARGONAUTA 

HOCHBERG, F. G. 1974. Southern California records of the giant squid, 

Moroteuthi s robusta. Tabulata 7:83-85. 

Details of seven specimens collected in the Santa Barbara Channel from 

1967-1974. M. robusta is a major prey of sperm whales. 

*2 HOCHBERG F G7TX3"IFIC / M ROBUSTA / SQUID DIET 

HOCHBERG, F. G., Jr., and W. G. Fields. 1980. Cephalopoda: the squids and 

octopuses. pp. 429-444. 

Haderl ie eds. Intertidal Invertebrates of California. 

In R. H. Morris, D. P. Abbott, and E. C. 

Review of cephalopod biology, followed by descriptions of California 

species. 

D GIGAS / M ROBUSTA / OCTOPODA / PARASITE 

*2 HOCHBERG F G / FIELDS W G / EASTPACIFIC / R PACIFICA / L OPALESCENS / 

HOYLE, W. E. 1904. Reports on the Cephalopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of 

Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 63(1). 71 pp. 

Collection of cephalopods from the 1891 Albatross cruise in the ETP, and 

a smaller collection from the Albatross 1899-1900 across the tropical 

Pacific. Contains 12 plates, and descriptions of light organs of two 

squids. 

*2 HOYLE W E / ETP / PACIFIC / OCTOPOOA / L DIOMEDEA / S OUALANIENSIS / 

B ABYSSICOLA / M DENTATA / 0 CARRIBAEA / A HOYLEI / ABRALIOPSIS / 

P GIARDI / C REVERSA / C SCABRA / TAONIS 
23 

HUEY, L. M. 1930. Capture of an elephant seal off San Diego, California, 

with notes on stomach contents. J. Mammal. 11(2):229-231. 

Stomach of a 1 arge mal e el ephant seal, harpooned by swordf i sh fi shermen, 

contained sharks, skates, ratfish and squid. 

*3 HUEY L M / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS 

HURLEY, A. C. 1978. School structure of the squid Loligo opalescens. 

Fi shery Bull eti n 76:433-442. 

*6 

Behavioral study of schooling of Loli o opalescens in laboratory 

squid create more cohesive schools than do smaller ones. 

primary sensi ng system i nvol ved i n school i ng. 

HURLEY A C / L OPALESCENS / DISTRIBUTION / CAMERA 

experiments. Measurements of angu #- ar orientation suggested that 1 arger 

Vision was the 

HURLEY, G. V., and D. E. Waldron. 1978. 1977 Population estimates for the 

squid (Illex illecebrosus) in ICNAF Subarea 4 from the International 

Fisherym9/1. bisheries and Environment Canada. Fisheries and Marine 

Service Technical Report (833). Chapter 6, 10 pp. 

A summary of population estimates, using three models: areal expansion, 

Lesl ie-Del ury method and cohort analysi s. 

yielded similar estimates, while areal expansion gave a much larger 

es ti mate . TRAWL 

Leslie and cohort analysis 

*7 HURLEY G V / WALDRON D E / I ILLECEBROSUS / MODEL / ASSESSMENT / ATLANTIC 

HURLEY, G. V., and P. Beck. 1979. The observation of growth rings in 

statoliths from the ommastrephid squid, Illex illecebrosus. -The Bulletin 

of the Malacological Union 1979:23-29. 

An examination of "growth" rings in squid statoliths using both scanning 

electron microscopy and 1 i ght microscopy. Study found good prediction of 

mantle lengths from ring counts, but back calculated lengths were much 

1 ower than expected values. 

*6 HURLEY G V / BECK P / ATLANTIC / GROWTH / AGING / I ILLECEBROSUS 

IGARASHI, S., and T. Mikami. 1978. Studies on the mechanization of squid 

angling fishery. 

crank and automatic machine. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 

11. A comparison of the fish-hook movement by hand 

29(1):19-24. 

Report of study which showed that there was no difference in motion 

between hand crank and automatic machines, when the latter was operated 

at medium speed with a jerking motion. 

abstract and figure captions. 

*5 IGARASHI S / MIKAMI T / JIGGING 

In Japanese, with English 
24 

IVERSEN, R. T. B. 1962. Food of albacore tuna, Thunnus ermo (Lacepede), in 

the central and northeastern Pacific. 

481. 

U.S. F1‘Shery h- u etin 62(214):459- 

A study of albacore prey from 544 fish collected from 1950 to 1957, by 

longline, trolling and gillnet. Food items were (by method of capture 

and volume): 1 ongl i ne- fish (47%), squid (41%), and crustaceans (7%); 

gillnet- fish (34%), squid (62%), and crustaceans (2%); trolling- fish 

(79%), squid (ll%), and crustaceans (6%). Amounts of squid in albacore 

stomachs, coll ected i n equatori a1 regions, increased with di stance from 

1 and. 

*3 IVERSEN R T B / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / PACIFIC / LONGLINE / LINE / 

GILLNET / OCTOPODIDAE / ARGONAUTIDAE / LOLIGINIDAE / SEPIOTEUTHIS / 

SEPIOLIDAE / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / 

SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / BRACHIOTEUTHIS / CRANCHIIDAE 

IVERSON, I. L. K. 1971. Albacore food habits. California Department of Fish 

and Game Fish Bulletin 152:ll-46. 

A survey of albacore stomachs from the 1968 and 1969 seasons, in three 

areas: southern Cal i fornia, central Cal i forni a, and Oregon-Washi ngton. 

Digestion of squids obscured their impact in diet, but an index of 

re1 ati ve i mportance showed squi d second to f i sh. 

*3 IVERSON I L K / EASTPACIFIC / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / L OPALESCENS / 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / M ROBUSTA / A FELIS / 0 SICULA / GONATUS / 

GONATOPSIS / LEACHIA / H HETEROPSIS / D GIGAS / M DENTATA / V INFERNALIS 

0 CALIFORNIANA / ARGONAUTA / 0 TUBERCULATA / 0 BIMACULATUS 

IVERSON, I. L. K., and L. Pinkas. 1971. A pictoral guide to beaks of certain 

eastern Pacific cephalopods. Calif. Dept. Fish and Game Fish Bull. 152: 

83-105. 

A guide to the identification of 20 species of cephalopods, utilizing 

upper and lower beaks. 

*1 IVERSON I L K / PINKAS L / IDENTIFICATION / L OPALESCENS / M ROBUSTA / 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / A FELIS / 0 SICULA / H HETEROPSIS / G ANONYCHUS / 

GONATUS / GONATOPSIS / D GIGAS / M DENTATA / C SCABRA / LEACHIA / 

R PACIFICA / V INFERNALIS / 0 CALIFORNIANA / ARGONAUTA / 0 TUBERCULATA / 

0 BIMACULATUS 

Size, and front and side views are provided. 

JAPAN MARINE FISHERY RESOURCE RESEARCH CENTER. 1978. Report of feasibil i ty 

study 1978 on squid jigging fisheries in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean. 

JARMAC Report (19). 178 pp. 

The results of a cooperative survey between Japan and Australia, which 

utilized a vessel equipped with 28 squid jigging machines and 60 lights 

of 21 kW total outwt. Catch of sauid over a 120 dav Deriod was 120.672 

kg Nototodarus sl oani goul di , and 3,608 kg Todarodes” f \ 1 i ppovae. 

length, body wemsex, maturity, and stomach conten s were sampled. 

Maitle 

Recaptured tagged squid, and catches showed limited migration during that 

fishing period. 

*7 N SLOANI GOULDI / T FILIPPOVAE / JIGGING / LIGHTS / TAGGING / PACIFIC / 
25 

NET / SQUID DIET / ASSESSMENT 

JEFFERTS, K., and W. Pearcy. 1979. Distribution and biology of cephalopods 

from the northeast Pacific Ocean. 

Alaska Fisheries Center. Contract (03-7-208-25070) Phase 11. 

Interim Report to NMFS, Northwest and 

Report of cephalopods, collected during rockfish surveys, in 36 (out of 

267 total ) bottom trawl hauls. Dominant species were Berryteuthis 

ma ister (57%) and Octo us s (31%). 

R PACIFICA / G BERRY1 / M ROBUSTA / G MADOKAI / B MAGISTER 

*2 h K PEARCY .TT$TASPS~ACIFIC TRAWL o CALIFORNIANA OCTOPUS 

JUANICO, M. 1980. Developments in South American fisheries. Marine 

Fisheries Review 42(7-8):lO-14. 

A description of the present state of squid fisheries in South America. 

Statistics for a1 1 fisheries, including squid, are presented, accordi ng 

to country and from 1970 to 1978. 

species landed has been Doscidicus i as, with a lesser amount of Loligo. 

there is little demand for squid by South Americans. 

On the Pacific coast, the major squid 

Because of exportation, tradi tiona’l % 00 preferences, and marketi ng, 

*4 JUANICO M / EASTPACIFIC / ETP / ATLANTIC / D GIGAS / L GAHI 

JUANICO, M. 1982. Squid spatial patterns in two species mixed fishery off 

southern Brazil. Proceedings of the International Squid Symposium, 

August 9-12, 1981, Boston, Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 69-79. 

Trawl assessment of two lolignid squids showed that only few of one 

species type were found with the other, although a non-parametric cooccurrence index indicated high spatial overlap. Both species showed 

high patchi ness. 

*7 JUANICO M / L PLEI / L BRASILIENSIS / TRAWL / ASSESSMENT 

JUHL, R. 1955. Notes on the feeding habits of subsurface yellowfin and 

bigeye tunas of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. California Fish and 

Game 41(1):99-101. 

Summary of stomach contents of five bigeye and ten yellowfin tuna caught 

by longline gear. 

27.2% squid, and 15.0% portunid crabs. 

Prey volumes for the entire sample were 58.7% fish, 

*3 JUHL R / ETP / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / D GIGAS 

KANCIRUK, P. 1982. Hydroacoustic biomass estimation techniques. 

Environmental Sciences Division Publication (2019). Prepared for Office 

of Nuclear Regul atory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commi ssi on. 

Available from National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of 

Commerce. 279 pp. 

Background information and possible use of sonar biomass estimation in 

power plant applications. Includes 430 references to varied literature 
26 

including pelagic studies, equipment, signal processing, statistical 

analyses, and more. 

*7 KANCIRUK P / SONAR 

KARPOV, K. A., and G. M. Calliet. 1978. Feeding dynamics of Loli o 

opalescens. 

Similar to Karpov and Calliet (1979). 

SQUID DIET 

Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (I&-65. 

See annotation for content. 

*6 KARPOV K A / CALLIET G M / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / TRAWL / 

KARPOV, K. A., and G. M. Calliet. 1979. Prey composition of the market 

squid, Loligo o alescens Berry, in relation to depth and location of 

capture, size +-T o squi and sex of spawning squid. 

57. 

CalCOFI Report 20:51- 

Investigation of squid feeding habits, in the Monterey Bay area, 

squid collected in bottom trawls during the day, and in midwater trawls 

both at night and day. 

made 1 i ttl e difference to prey composi ti on, but depth of capture showed 

different feeding strategies. 

*6 KARPOV K A / CALLIET G M / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / SQUID DIET / 

TRAWL 

from 

Squid fed mainly on crustaceans; size of squid 

KASHIWADA, J., and C. W. Recksiek. 1978. Possible morphological indicators 

of popul ation structure i n the market squid, Lo1 i go opal escens. Cal i f. 

Dept, of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (169):99-11r 

Thirteen measurements of body parts and four sexual maturity codes were 

used to investigate possible geographic subpopulations of squid. 

measurements clearly indicated sexual dimorphism. Data may indicate 

three geographic groups: Baja California, northern and central 

California, and Puget Sound. 

STOCK / TRAWL / JIGGING / NET 

Two 

*6 KASHIWADA J / RECKSIEK C W / MORPHOMETRICS / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / 

KASHIWADA, J., C. W. Recksiek, and K. A. Karpov. 1979. Beaks of the market 

squid, Loli o opalescens, as tools for predator studies. CalCOFI Report 

20: 65-6+ 

Regressions of squid mantle lengths on various squid beak measurements. 

Comparisons of body size- beak dimension relationships, from squids 

caught at Monterey and Southern California, revealed no significant 

differences between areas. 

*6 KASHIWADA J / RECKSIEK C W / KARPOV K A / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / 

MORPHOMETRICS 
27 

KATO, S., and J. E. Hardwick. 1975. The California squid fishery. FA0 

Fisheries Reports (170) Supplement 1:107-127. 

Summary of the Loli o opalescens fishery off California. 

the Southern Cal i forni a and Monterey area f i sheri es. Fi shi ng methods 

were by brailing under lights, by hydraulic pumps, by purse seining, and 

by lampara, a roundhaul net. Fishing regulations prohibit the use lights 

or purse seines in the Monterey area. Squid in both areas have been 

1 ocated by associated marine mammal s and seabirds. 

MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / DISTRIBUTION / SEASONAL / GROWTH / 

REPRODUCTION / PUMP / LIGHTS / LAMPARA / NET / PURSE SEINE / SONAR / 

DIPNET / JIGGING / FISHING 

A short 

description of t -+- e squid's life history is given, followed by a review of 

*4 KATO S / HARDWICK J E / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / SQUID DIET / FISH / 

KAWAGUCHI, T., and T. Nazumi. 1972. Echo-traces of squid, Ommastre hes 

sl oanei pa;;-ij,":"1';-22 the central waters of Japan Sea. des 

Circula r 

Examples of echo-traces obtained from 14, 28, 50, 75, and 200 kHz 

sounders on Japanese research vessels in the Sea of Japan. 

concluded that squid could be recorded throughout the day, whether the 

ship was underway or stopped. 

Report 

*7 KAWAGUCHI T / NAZUMI T / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / PACIFIC 

KAWAKAMI, T. 1976. Squids found in the stomachs of sperm whales in the 

Northwestern Pacific. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. (28):145-151. 

A collection of five squid species, found in the stomachs of eight sperm 

whales captured off Japan in 1972. 

G BOREALIS / 0 BARTRAMII / H DOFLEINI / PACIFIC 

*3 KAWAKAMI T / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / M ROBUSTA /GONATUS / 

KAWAKAMI, T. 1980. A review of sperm whale food. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. 

Inst. (32):199-218. 

Review reports that cephalopods predomi nate in sperm whal e diets. 

Cephalopod species are reported by oceanic region, and consist of 36 

genera (31 squid genera) and 19 families. 

INDIAN / ANTARCTIC / A LESUEURI / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / T DANAE / MOROTEUTHIS / 

PSYCHROTEUTHIS / G ANTARCTICUS / CYCLOTEUTHIDAE / HISTIOTEUTHIS / D GIGAS 

SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / CHIROTEUTHIS / T MEGALOPS / PHOLIDOTEUTHIDAE / 

VAMPYROTEUTHIS / OCTOPODIDAE 

*3 KAWAKAMI T / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / PACIFIC / ATLANTIC / 

KAWAMURA, A. 1971. Influence of chasing time to stomach contents of baleen 

and sperm whales. Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. (23):27-36. 

Of 895 whales, 3.6% were observed to vomit food (16.8% of sperms, 1.1% of 

seis, and 0.785 of fins). 

squid. 

Fin and sperm whales were observed to vomit 
28 

*3 KAWAMURA A / PACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS 

KAWAMURA, A. 1980. A review of food of balaenopterid whales. Sci. Rep. 

Whales Res. Inst. (32):155-197. 

*3 

Review indicates that squids play a minor role in the diet of some 

balaenopterid whales. 

oceanic region. 

KAWAMURA A / PACIFIC / ATLANTIC / INDIAN / ANTARCTIC 

FEEDING HABITS / 0 SLOANI PACIFICUS / 0 BANKSII / B ANONYCHUS / GONATUS 

References to the literature are categorized by 

/ MARINE MAMMALS / 

KING, J. E., and I. I. Ikehara. 1956. Comparative study of food of bigeye 

and yellowfin tuna in the central Pacific. U.S. Fishery Bulletin 

57(108): 61-85. 

An examination of stomachs from 439 yellowfin and 166 bigeye tuna, 

collected by longline from 1950-1953 in the central Pacific. 

ye1 1 owf i n were by volume: fi sh (62%), squid (29%),other mol 1 usks (7%), 

and crustaceans (1%). Bigeye prey were: fish (62%), squid (33%), other 

mollusks (3%), and crustaceans (2%). The diet of yellowfin and bigeye 

tuna was similar, and the study concludes that both species have the same 

f eedi ng habits. 

*3 KING 3 E / IKEHARA I I / PACIFIC / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / LONGLINE / 

LOLIGO / SEPIOTEUTHIS / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / ABRALIA / OMMASTREPHES / 

NOTOTODARUS / OMMASTREPHIDAE / SEPIOLIDAE / CRANCHIIDAE / L GLOBULA / 

OCTOPODIDAE / A BOTTGERI / ARGONAUTIDAE 

Food of 

KING, J. E., and R. T. B. Iversen. 1962. Midwater trawling for forage 

organisms in the central Pacific 1951-1956. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service Fishery Bulletin 62(210):271-321. 

Species compositions of 274 hauls, utilizing four types of midwater 

trawls, in order to monitor juvenile tunas and tuna food resources. 

Comparisons with yellowfin tuna stomach contents showed that trawls did 

not sample tuna prey (which included ommastrephid and lolignid squids). 

0 BANKSII / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / ASSESSMENT / DISTRIBUTION / PACIFIC / ETP / 

FISH FEEDING HABITS MASPIGOTEUPHIS / CRANCHIIDAE / L GLOBULA / 

ENOPLOTEUTHIS / ABRALIOPSIS / ABRALIA / A TRKGONURA / A ASTRQSTICTA / 

A MORRIS11 / P GIARD:! / P MICROLAMPAS / P MAGARITIFERA / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE 

OCTOPODOTEUTHIS / HISTIDTEUTHIS / C MELEAGROTEUTHIS / BENTHOTEUTHIS / 

CTENOPTERYX / BRACHIOTEUTHIS / OMYASTREPHIDAE / S OUALWNIENSIS / 

CHIROTEUTHIS / C IMPERATOR / DORATOPSIS / C SCABRA / L VALDIVIAE / 

DESMOTEUTHIS / CORYNOMMA / EUZYGAENA / E PACIFICA 

*3 KING J E / IVERSEN R 7; B / TRAWL / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / PTERYGIOTEUTHIS / 

LIOCRANCHIA / HELIGCFANCHIA / MEGALOCRANCHIA / GHIROTEUTHIDAE / 

KLETT TRAULSEN, A. 1981. Estado actual de la pesqueria del calamar gigante 

en el estado de Baja California Sur. Departamento de Pesca, Instituto 

National de la Pesca, Centro de Investigaciones Pesquerias de la La Paz, 

Mexico. Serie Cientifica (21):7-28. 
29 

Report of fishing of giant squid, Doscidicus gigas, which has become a 

prospective major fisheries resource in the Gulf of California. Squid 

landings, for 1980, are presented according to eight areas, and by 

season. Landings of squid were 552 tons in 1978, 2,510 tons in 1979, and 

8,180 tons in 1980. 

*4 KLETT TRAULSEN A / D GIGAS / ETP / JIGGING / FISHING / DISTRIBUTION 

KLETT, A. 1982. Jumbo squid fishery in the Gulf of California, Mexico. 

Proceedings of the International Squid Symposium, August 9-12, 1981, 

Boston, Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 81-100. 

Report is essentially an English translation of Klett Traulsen (1981). 

See reference for annotation. 

*4 KLETT TRAULSEN A / D GIGAS / ETP / JIGGING / FISHING / DISTRIBUTION 

KNIPE, J. H., and R. D. Beeman. 1978. Histological observations on oogenesis 

in Loligo opalescens. 

33. 

Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (169):23- 

*6 

A study which found no evidence for single spawning. 

for future spawning was found either. 

KNIPE J H / BEEMAN R D / L OPALESCENS / REPRODUCTION / EASTPACIFIC 

However, no site 

KORZUN, Y. V., K. N. Nesis, C. M. Nigamatullin, A. A. Ostapenko, and M. A. 

Pinchukov. 1979. New data on the distribution of squids, family 

Ommastrephi dae, in the world ocean. Oceanology 19(4):472-475. 

Report of distributional data on ommastrephid species, compiled from 

several Russian research cruises. Worldwide occurrences are reported for 

both cosmopolitan and endemic species. 

PINCHUKOV M A / WORLDWIDE / DISTRIBUTION / ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / INDIAN / 

ETP / T ANGOLENSIS / N SLOANI / 0 BARTRAMII / E LUMINOSA / H PELAGICA 

*2 KORZUN Y V / NESIS K N / NIGAMATULLIN CH M / OSTAPENKO A A / 

KOYAMA, T. 1975. Japanese trawling gear for octopus and squid. FA0 

Fisheries Reports (170) Supplement 1:128-132. 

Description of Japanese octopus trawling gear (West Africa) and squid 

(Loli 0, Northwest Atlantic) trawling gear, with dimensions and 

mes -+ sizes. 

*5 KOYAMA T / TRAWL / OCTOPUS / SEPIA / LOLIGO / ATLANTIC / FISHING 

KRISTENSEN, T. K. 1980. Periodical growth rings in cephalopod statoliths. 

Dana 1:39-51. 

Relation of concentric growth rings in Gonatus fabricii statoliths to 

growth and time. 

presented. 

seen. 

Methods of preparationnterpretation are 

Besides daily increments, fortnightly and monthly bands were 

*6 KRISTENSEN T K / ATLANTIC / G FABRIC11 / AGING / GROWTH 
30 

KUBODERA, T., and T. Okutani. 1981. The systematics and identification of 

larval cephalopods from the northern North Pacific. Research Institute 

of North Pacific Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Special Volume:131-159. 

Descriptions of 13 1 arval cephal opods, and keys to thei r i denti f i cati on. 

ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / GONATIDAE / OCTOPUS / JAPETELLA 

*1 KUBODERA T / OKUTANI T / EASTPACIFIC / PACIFIC / IDENTIFICATION / TRAWL / 

KUBODERA, T., and H. Yoshida. 1981. The gill-net mesh selectivity for flying 

squid, Ommastrephes bartrami (Lesueur). Research Institute of North 

Pacific t-isheries, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Special 

Vol ume, Contribution (137):181-190. 

Report of mesh selectivity, in catching Ommastre hes bartrami, using a 

sal mon research gill net. Mesh sizes vari &to e 151 mm. Gillnets 

were non-selective for squid having 18-50 cm dorsal mantle lengths. 

Catching efficiency for squid was higher than for salmon. In Japanese 

with Engl ish abstract. 

*7 KUBODERA T / YOSHIDA H / 0 BARTRAMII / GILLNET / ASSESSMENT / PACIFIC 

LAEVASTU, T., and H. A. Larkins. 1981. Marine fisheries ecosystem, its 

quantitative evaluation and management. 

Farnham, UK. 162 pp. 

Fishing News Books Ltd., 

*7 

Description of large scale approach to ecosystem simulation. 

was a top down (upper end of the food pyramid), biomass based one. 

Equilibrium biomasses in the Bering Sea are presented for present and 

natural state conditions, for 20 groups or species, including squid. 

LAEVASTU T / LARKINS H A / MODEL / ASSESSMENT / EASTPACIFIC / FISH / 

MARINE MAMMALS / GONATIDAE / FEEDING HABITS / SQUID DIET / GROWTH / 

MIGRATION / REPRODUCTION 

Model used 

LANGE, A. M. T. 1980. Yield-per-recruit analyses for squid, Loli o peali and 

Illex illecebrosus, from the northwest Atlantic. Journal -7% o emh 

=arch l(2) :19/-207. 

Simulation of the effects of fishing on Atlantic squid, using a modified 

Ricker yield-per-recruit model for two cohorts. 

gear and monthly values of growth, spawning, fishing, and natural 

mortal i ty are incorporated into the model. Y iel d-per-recrui t increased 

with mesh sizes larger than used in the present fishery. 

GROWTH / REPRODUCTION 

Mesh size of capture 

*7 LANGE A M T / ASSESSMENT / MODEL / ATLANTIC / L PEALEI / I ILLECEBROSUS 

LANGE, A. M. T., and M. P. Sissenwine. 1980. Biological considerations 

relevant to the management of squid (Loligo pealei and Illex 

illecebrosus) of the northwest Atlantic. Marine Fishermeview 42(7- 

-- 

Discussion of the distributions, reproduction, growth, life cycles, food 

web relations, and fisheries of northwest Atlantic squid. Length 
31 

frequency analyses and research cruise abundances (stratified mean 

weights per tow) are reported. A dynamic pool model (Sissenwine and 

Tibbetts 19771, to simulate fishing effects on abundances, is presented. 

GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / MODEL / TRAWL / ASSESSMENT / MORPHOMETRICS / 

FEEDING HABITS / SQUID DIET 

"7 LANGE A M T / SISSENWINE M P / ATLANTIC / L PEALEI / I ILLECEBROSUS / 

LAUGHLIN, R. A., and R. J. Livingston. 1982. Environmental and trophic 

determinants of the spatial/ temporal distribution of the brief squid 

(Lo1 1 i guncul a brevi s) 

Bulletin of Mawscience 32(2):489-497. 

n the Apal achi col a estuary (North F1 ori da USA). 

Abundance of an estuarine-tolerant squid, Lo1 1 i uncola brevis, in 

relation to salinity, temperature, and foo + avai a 1 itnuid 

*7 

LEE, 

*6 

abundance was determ-ined king repetitive otter trawl s -at speeds of 1.5 

m/sec. 

LAUGHLIN R A / LIVINGSTON R J / ATLANTIC / L BREVIS / ASSESSMENT / TRAWL 

SQUID DIET 

B. 1981. A preliminary study of oocyte development and fecundity in the 

oceanic squid, Sympl ectoteuthis oual aniensi s Lesson (Cephal opoda: 

OmmastrePhidae) from the eastern tropical Pacific. Masters of Arts 

Thesis, San Francisco State University. 74 pp. 

Five stages of gonad development were described, and gross 

characteristics were related to oocyte maturity. Specimens for the study 

were captured using squid jigs and dipnets, and then frozen or preserved 

chemically until examination. Relationships between dorsal mantle length 

and gonad length, nindamental gland length, and body weight were 

presented. 

LEE B / ETP / S OUALANIENSIS / REPRODUCTION / GROWTH / MORPHOMETRICS / 

JIGGING 

LIPINSKI, M., pnd 0. Wrzesjnski. 1982. Some observations on the behavior of 

squid (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) during squid jigging operations. 

Proceedings of the International Squid Symposium, August 9-12, 1981, 

Boston Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 137-144. 

*5 

Observations of four Atlantic Ocean ommastrephid squids made while 

fishing with hand operated jigging machines. Blue light failed to 

attract squid , while red light reduced feeding activity; catch was best 

when no color filters were on white halogen lamps. 

concentration was measured by a 30 kHz sounder. 

Martial ia hyadesi formed massive and stationary concentrations, while 

-ps and then congregated at 350-400 m at dawn. 

LIPINSKI M / WRZENSINSKI 0 / ATLANTIC / LIGHTS / JIGGING / MARINE MAMMALS 

SEABIRDS / SQUID DIET / I ILLECEBROSUS / M HYADES1 / 0 PTEROPUS / 

0 BARTRAMII 

Buildup, depth and 

Illex illecebrosus and 

mmastre hes spp.remai ned close to the 1 i ght/shadow interface in weakly 
32 

LONG, D., and W. F. Rathjen. 1980. Experimental jigging for squid off the 

Northeast United States. Marine Fisheries Review 42(7-8):60-66. 

Description of exploratory squid jigging for Illex illecebrosus, on two 

Polish research vessels, during August and Semer 1919 , off Cape Cod. 

Report describes gear and techniques (jigs, line, automatic jigging 

machi nes, 1 i ghti ng, f i shi ng and processi ng). Average squid catches, per 

night, were 2850 kg and 2130 kg for the two vessels. 

ASSESSMENT 

*5 LONG D / RATHJEN W E / JIGGING / I ILLECEBROSUS / LIGHTS / ATLANTIC / 

LOVE, R. H. 1971. Measurements of fish target strength: a review. U.S. 

Fishery Bulletin 69(4):703-715. 

Discussion of the acoustic target strength of fish. 

strength depend on aspect of individual fish. Interference effects and 

quantification are also discussed. 

Variations of target 

*7 LOVE R H / SONAR / ASSESSMENT 

LU, C. C., and M. Dunning. 1982. Identification guide to Australian Arrow 

Squid (Ommastrephidae). Victorian Institute of Marine Sciences. VIMS 

Technical Report (2). 30 pp. 

A guide which features diagnostic characteristics of eight ommastrephid 

squids. A1 so included are brief descriptions of some non-ommastrephid 

squids found in Australian waters. 

S OUALANIENSIS / S LUMINOSA / 0 VOLATILIS / H PELAGICA / T FILIPPOVAE / 

N GOULDI / T EBLANAE 

*1 LU CC / DUNNING M / IDENTIFICATION / OMMASTREPHIDAE / 0 BARTRAMII / 

MATSUI, T., Y. Teramoto, and Y. Kaneko. 1972. Target strength of squid. FA0 

Fisheries Circular (142 ):27-29. 

Comparisons from 50 and 200 kHz soundings taken around the long axis of 

Loligo and Trachurus japonicus and with the use of polar diagrams. The 

target strength of squid was less than of fish, while the number of lobes 

and fluctuations of echo strength were greater for squid. 

*7 MATSUI T / TERAMOTO Y / KENEKO Y / SONAR / LOLIGO 

MATSUMOTO, W. M. 1982. The status of the squid fisheries in the United 

States of America. NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Center Administrative 

Report H-82-5. 20 pp. 

Presentation of domestic U.S. fisheries for squid and their potential, in 

the Western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Eastern Pacific. Much of the 

U.S. catch has been exported or used for bait due to lack of domestic 

demand; and, foreign vessels have taken much of the squid caught in U.S. 

waters. 

*4 MATSUMOTO W M / ATLANTIC / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS / D GIGAS / PUMP / 

LAMPARA / TRAWL / JIGGING / L PEALEI / L PLEI / L BREVIS / I ILLECEBROSUS 

0 PTEROPUS / P ADAM1 / S OUALANIENSIS / 0 BARTRAMII / 

Sources of squid fisheries statistics are given. 
33 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / B MAGISTER / G BOREALIS / G ONYX 

ASSESSMENT / FISHING 

/ G FABRICII / 

MAY, R. M., J. R. Beddington, C. W. Clark, S. J. Holts, anG R. M. Laws. 1979. 

Management of mu1 ti species fisheries. Science 205(4403):267-277. 

Presentation of yield model s which incorporate predator-prey 

interactions: whal e-kri 11, whal e-seal -kri 11, and whal e-cephal opod-kri 11. 

One outcome of these models is that the MSY for single species approaches 

is greater than for multispecies. 

MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / SQUID DIET 

*7 MAY R M / BEDDINGTON J R / CLARK C W / HOLTS S J / LAWS R M / MODEL / 

MCGOWAN, J. A. 1954. Observations on the sexual behavior and spawning of the 

squid, Loli o opalescens, at La Jolla, California. Calif. Dept. Fish and 

Game Fis &I. 40(1) : 4 /-54. 

SCUBA diving observations of squid copulation and egg-laying. 

proportion (63%) of dead and dying adult squid were males. 

reared in the laboratory and required 30-35 days to hatch. 

*6 MCGOWAN J A / EASTPACIFIC / L OPALESCENS / REPRODUCTION / GROWTH 

A higher 

Eggs were 

MCGOWAN, J. A. 1967. Distributional atlas of the pelagic molluscs in the 

California current region. Mar. Res. Comm. Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. 

Invest. Atlas (6):218 pp. 

An atlas of Thecosomata, Heteropoda and Cephalopoda, taken by zooplankton 

tows on six cruises from 25ON to 45ON in the California current region. Distributions are given for nine larval cephalopod species. 

G FABRICII / L OPALESCENS / P GIARDI / P PACIFICA / 0 BANKS11 / 

OCTOPODOTEUTHIS / C VERANY I 

*2 MCGOWAN J A / DISTRIBUTION / EASTPACIFIC / ETP / OCTOPUS / ABRALIOPSIS / 

MCGOWAN, J. A., and T. Okutani. 1968. A new species of enoploteuthid squid,, 

Abraliopsis (Watsenia) felis, from the California current. Veliger 11 * 

1 ' -/ 

Description of A. felis, which was the most abundant squid in a larval 

cephalopod survqoffCalifornia. Records of ETP species, - A. affinis, 

are presented. 

ETP / A AFFINIS / A FELIS 

*6 MCGOWAN J A / OKUTANI T / MORPHOMETRICS / IDENTIFICATION / EASTPACIFIC / 

MCHUGH, J. L. 1952. The food of albacore (Germo allun a) off California and 

Baja California. Bull. Scripps Inst. - Oceanog. *161-172. 

A food habits survey of 321 Pacific coast albacore, caught during the 

summers of 1949 and 1950. Food items were, by volume: Pacific saury 50%, 

squi ds 12%, P1 euroncodes pl ani pes 11%, euphausi ds 78, and northern 

anchovy 4%; by occurrence in stomachs: squids 80%, sauries 55%, 

-. . . __ . . "-.- 
34 

euphausids 54%, amphipods 43%, P. planipes 27%, and rockfish 22%. 

Absence of oegopsid squid normamy caught near surface was thought to 

indicate that albacore may feed at some depth. 

PYRGOPSIS / 0 BANKS11 / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / OCTOPODA / GONATUS / 

P MICROLAMPAS / GONATOPSIS / 0 NIELSENI / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / CRANCHIIDAE / 

PTERYGIOTEUTHIS / CHIROTEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / LOLIGO / 

OCTOPODOTEUTHIS 

*3 MCHUGH J L / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / EASTPACIFIC / ABRALIOPSIS / 

MCINNIS, R. R, and W. W. Broenkow. 1978. Correlations between squid catches 

and oceanographic conditions in Monterey Bay, California. Cal if. Dept. 

of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (169):161-170. 

Survey which showed a time l a g o f 18 months between temperature and squid 

catch, which is consistent with life-span estimates. 

*7 MCINNIS R R / BROENKOW W W / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION 

MEARNS, A. J., D. R. Young, R. J. Olson, and H. A. Schafer. 1981. Trophic 

structure and the cesium-potassium ratio in pelagic ecosystems. 

Rep. 22:99-110. 

CalCOFI 

"3 

Measurements of Cs/K and assignations of trophic levels (based in part on 

comparisons of indices of re1 ative importance) showed that Cs/K ratios 

increased with trophic level, in two Pacific Ocean ecosystems, one in the 

ETP and one in the Southern California Bight. 

cl ustered into a primary carni vore group, whi 1 emectoteuthi s 

oualaniensis ranked somewhat higher, midway to the next trophic level. 

MEARNS A J 7 YOUNG D R / OLSON R J / SCHAFER H A / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / 

S OUALANIENSIS / L OPALESCENS / SQUID DIET / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / 

MARINE MAMMALS 

Loligo opalescens ratios 

MERCER, M. C. 1975. Modified Leslie-DeLury population models of the long 

finned pilot whale (Globicephala melaena) and annual production of the 

short-finned squid (Illex illecebmbased upon their interaction at 

Newfoundland. J. Fimes. Board Can. 32:1145-1154. 

Population estimations (for years 1947, 1952, and 1955) of long finned 

pilot whales in the North Atlantic, derived by methods of Leslie and 

DeLury, and assuming the catchability of whales was proportional to the 

catch of squid. Based on whale stock sizes, their consumption of squid 

is calculated. A conclusion drawn is that the depletion of whales has 

re1 eased squid to f i sheries and other predators. 

*7 MERCER M C / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / TRAWL / JIGGING / 

ASSESSMENT / MODEL / I ILLECEBROSUS / ATLANTIC 

MERCER, R. W. 1981. Proceedings of the squid workshop, sponsered by the 

Resource Assessment and Conservation Division Northwest and Alaska 

Fisheries Center. NWAFC Processed Report 81-11. 34 pp. 

Presentation of papers by several persons, dealing with squid resources. 

Pearcy suggested 1 arge mi dwater trawl s for pelagic sampl i ng. Laevastu 
35 

treated squid as a general group, part of an ecosystem model in which he 

estimated 400 million tons based on sperm whale consumption. Other 

topics covered were trophic relations with fur seals, seabirds, and 

cetaceans, food consumption and growth of Todarodes paci ficus, and 1 arval 

assessment. 

*2 MERCER R W / TRAWL / MODEL / ASSESSMENT / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS 

SEABIRDS / EASTPACIFIC / PACIFIC 

MESNIL, B. 1977. Growth and life cycle of squid, Loili o pealei and Illex 

illecebrosus, from the Northwest Atlantic. Se + ap. IoComm. 

At1 an. 1 ish. (2):55-69. 

Squid assessment by trawl surveys on the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank and 

adjacent areas. 

estimate growth and reproductive cycles. 

ASSESSMENT / TRAWL 

Mean lengths, after separating sexes, were used to 

*7 MESNIL B / ATLANTIC / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / L PEALEI / I ILLECEBROSUS / 

MOREJOHN, G. V., J. T. Harvey, and L. T. Krasnow. 1978. The importance of 

Loli o opalescens in the food web of marine vertebrates in Monterey Bay, 

drnia. Calff. Dept. of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (169):67-98. 

Investigation of L. opalescens as prey for marine mammals, fishes and 

seabirds, from st.mach contents analyses. Comparisons of various food 

categories were made using an index of relative importance. Food webs 

are presented. 

for sooty shearwaters. 

*3 MOREJOHN G V / HARVEY J T / KRASNOW L T / EASTPACIFIC / FISH / 

L OPALESCENS / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS / SEABIRDS / OCTOPODA / 

GONATUS / H HETEROPSIS / 0 DELETRON / 0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 0 SICULA / 

ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE / 

ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / ARCHITEUTHIDAE / THYSANOTEUTHIDAE / CRANCHIIDAE / 

SEPIOLIDAE / ARGONAUTA 

Energy requirements and food uti1 ization was determined 

MURAKAMI, K., Y. Watanabe, and J. Nakata. 1981. Growth, distribution and 

migration of flying squid (Ommastrephes bartrami) in the North 

Pacific. Research I n s t i t u t e o f North Pacific Fisheries, Hokkaido 

University, Special Volume:161-179. 

Based on length frequency distributions, four modal classes were found. 

Winter and spring migrations corresponded to different developmental 

patterns. / GROWTH / 

MIGRATION / 0 BARTRAMII 

In Japanese with English Abstract and Figure captions. 

*7 MURAKAMI K / WATANABE Y / NAKATA J / PACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION 

NESIS, K. N. 1970. The biology of the giant squid of Peru and Chile, 

Doscidicus gigas. Oceanology 10(1):108-118. 

Report of the distribution and biology of Doscidicus 

collections made by a Soviet research vessel during 1 %%- Concentrations 

of giant squid were densest from the equator to 18% and up to 250 miles 

i as, from 
36 

offshore. This paper presents regressions of mantle length on upper beak 

length, diet, fecundities, reproductive structures, mating and grcwth. 

Squid ate mainly myctophids. Sizes at age were: 20-35 cm (one year), and 

30-50 cm (two years), while larger squid were three to four years old. 

MORPHOMETRICS / REPRODUCTION / IDENTIFICATION / GROWTH / SQUID DIET / 

FISH / FEEDING HABITS / MARINE MAMMALS 

*6 NESIS K N / ETP / D GIGAS / DISTRIBUTION / NET / TRAWL / JIGGING / 

NESIS, K. N. 1971. The family Gonatidae- abundant squids of the North 

Pacific (their distribution, systematics and phylogeny. pp 63-69. In I. 

M. Likharev ed. Molluscs, Trends, Methods and Some Results of Their 

Investigation. Academy of Sciences USSR. Translated from Russian. 

(Provided by F. G. Hochberg, Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, 

Ca. 1 

Desription of gonatid morphologies, which suggests diphyletic taxonomic 

structure. 

*6 NESIS K N / GONATIDAE 

NESIS, K. N. 1972. Oceanic cephalopods of the Peru current: horizontal and 

vertical distribution. Oceanology 12:426-437. 

Zoogeography of 41 cephalopod species collected off South and Central 

America on two Soviet research cruises during 1967 and 1968. Only three 

of 37 oceanic cephalopods were not tropical species. Based on 

c o l 1 e c t i o n s and other pub1 i shed works, the report delineated 13 

epipelagic, epimesopelagic and mesopelagic species, and 22 

mesobathypel agic, bathypelagic and bathyabyssal species. 

REPRODUCTION / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / 0 BANKS11 / T ANGOLENSIS / A AFFINIS 

S OUALANIENSIS / T GRACILIS / A HIANS / C SICULUS / D GIGAS / P GIARDI / 

P GEMMATA / C VERANYI / L REINHARDTI / L PACIFICA / H PFEFFERI / 

ARGONAUTA / J DIAPHANA / HISTIOTEUTHIS / G ANTARCTICUS 

"2 NESIS K N / TRAWL / NET / JIGGING / DISTRIBUTION / VERTICAL / 

NESIS, K. N. 1973a. Cephalopods of the eastern equatorial and southeastern 

Pacific. Trud. Inst. Okean. Adak. Nauk. SSR 94:188-240. 

Coll ection of 41 cephalopod species during two Soviet research crui ses. 

Of 37 oceanic species, 27 were tropical or tropical-subtropical, two were 

cosmopolitan and two were known from the Atlantic. 

vertical distribution, reproduction, fecundity and larval development are 

discussed. In Russian with English abstract. (See Nesis (1972) for 

English presentation of similar, but reduced, content). 

L REINHARDTI / L INTERMEDIA / M ABBYSICOLA / A PELAGICUS / A AFFINIS / 

A FALCO / J DIAPHANA / A HIANS / ARGONAUTA / P GIARDI / 0 NIELSENI / 

0 BANKSII/ H PFEFFERI / E PYGMAEA / B RIISEI / B ABYSSICOLA / C VERANYI / 

V DANAE / L PACIFICA / G PACIFICA / H CORONA CERASINA / M DENTATA / 

D DISCUS / B LYROMMA / L GAHI / V INFERNALIS / P GEMMATA / G ANTARCTICUS 

T ANGOLENSIS / B BACIDIFERA / V RICHARD1 / T GRACILIS / D GIGAS / 

REPRODUCTION / C SICULUS / VERTICAL / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / BENTHOCTOPUS 

Zoogeography, 

*2 NESIS K N / DISTRIBUTION / ONYKIA / S OUALANIENSIS / C SCABRA / 
37 

NESIS, K. N. 1973b. Taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of squids of the 

family Gonatidae (Cephalopoda). Zool. Zh. 52(11):1626-1638. Translated 

from Russian by Translation Bureau Multilingual Services Division, 

Canada. Fi sheries and Mari ne Service Trans1 ati on Series (3272). 26 pp. 

Systematics and diversity of gonatid squids. 

boreal Pacific waters. 

re1 ati vely col d waters off western Ameri ca. 

Diversity is highest in 

Gonatids are found in the tropics only in 

*2 NESIS K N / GONATIDAE / DISTRIBUTION / G BOREALIS / GONATUS 

NESIS, K. N. 1977a. Population structure of the squid Stenoteuthis 

oual aniensi s (Lesson 1980) (Ommastrephidae) in the tropical western 

Pacific. Ak ademia Nauk SSSR:15-27. Translation from the Russian, 

Language Services Branch, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington 

D.C. 13 pp. 

Investigation of the population structure of S. oualaniensis to test the 

hypothesis that two forms live in the central7ndo-Pacific. 

the 1975 research cruises were lights, jigs, cast nets, Isaacs-Kidd 

trawls (for larvae), and otter trawls. Report concluded that there 

exists a large late-maturing form, and a smaller early-maturing form (not 

found in the eastern Pacific). Mantle lengths, sex, maturity, stomach 

contents and morpho1 ogy (spinal photophore) were measured. Principal 

food were myctophids and their own juveniles. 

ASSESSMENT / GROWTH / DISTRIBUTION / LIGHTS / REPRODUCTION 

Gear used in 

*6 NESIS K N / S OUALANIENSIS / JIGGING / NET / TRAWL / VERTICAL / 

NESIS, K. N. 1977b. Geographic groups of pelagic cephalopods in the western 

tropical Pacific. Trudy Institute of Oceanography 107:7-14. Translated 

from Russian for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Science 

Foundation, Washington, D.C. 

Report of collections of squids fron the western tropical Pacific, using 

Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawls (for meso- and bathypelagic species), and 

nets, jigs and trawls (for epipelagic squids). Zoogeographical complexes 

were widely tropical, strickly tropical (equatorial and central 1, 

equatorial central and non-tropical. Differences with ETP fauna were 

attributed to species i mpoveri shment in the eastern Pacific. 

*2 NESIS K N / PACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION / TRAWL / NET 

NESIS, K. N. 1978. Comparison of cephalopod faunas along the coasts of 

Central America. (Abstract). Malacological Review 11:63. 

Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, and ETP cephalopod fauna were found to have 

a high degree of similarity (28 common species). 

nektobenthi c and neri to-oceanic fauna were depauperate compared with 

Atlantic areas. Full lists of fauna were published in Tr. Inst. Okeanol. 

Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1975, 100:274-280, 285-286. 

DRECHSELIA / FROEKENIA / EUAXOCTOPUS 

However, ETP 

*2 NESIS K N / DISTRIBUTION / ATLANTIC / ETP / LOLIOLOPSIS / DOSCIDICUS / 
38 

NESIS, K. N. 1982. Kratki i Opredel i tel ' Go1 ovonogi kh Mol lyuskov Mi rovogo 

Okeana. Legkaia i Pishchevaia Promyshlennost'. 360 pp. (Provided by F. 

G. Hochberg, Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, Ca.) 

Title translates: Short Identification Keys to Cephalopods of the World's 

Oceans. Book is a cephalopod monograph which contains many ill ustrations 

useful in identifying squids. In Russian. 

*1 NESIS K N / WORLDWIDE / IDENTIFICATION 

OGURA, M. 1976. Fishing tackle and fishing efficiency in squid jigging. FA0 

Fisheries Reports (170) Supplement 1:99-102. 

Report of the effectiveness of color, material and size of jigs, and 

diameter and condit.ion of monofilament line on jigging for squid. 

and orange jigs worked best, while green and fluorescent ones were 

poorest. 

(in a catch ratio of 1:2), and chafing of lines reduced fishing 

efficiency to half after four days. 

Red 

1.17 mm diameter line fished less efficiently than 0.84 mm line 

"5 OGURA M / JIGGING / T PACIFICUS 

OGURA, M. and T. Nasumi. 1976. Fishing lamps and light attraction for squid 

jigging. FA0 Fisheries Reports (170) Supplement 1:93-98. 

Review of the use of 

Todarodes paci f icus. 

the vessel in a dark 

light attraction for fishing, with jigging gear, for 

Results showed that squid congregated 20-25 m bel ow 

zone, and attacked jigs in the boundary between 

light and dark. Comparisons showed mercury vapor lamps to have better 

performance than incandescent 1 i ghts. 

sensitivity was reported to be 0.1 lux. 

Squid lower 1 imi t of 1 i ght 

*5 OGURA M / NASUMI T / LIGHTS / T PACIFICUS / JIGGING 

OKUTANI, T. 1974. Epipelagic decapod cephalopods collected by micronekton 

tows during the EASTROPAC Expedition, 1967-1968. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. 

Res. Lab., (80):29-118. 

Survey of 28 species of oegopsid cephalopods, sampled by 5' X 5' 

micronekton net tows, from Mexico to Chile as far west as 126OW. 

of specimens, descriptions, and distribution of species are discussed. 

*2 OKUTANI T / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION / IDENTIFICATION / NET / 

TRAWL / A AFFINIS / L REINHARDTI / L SCHNEEHAGENII / 0 BANKS11 / P GIARDI 

H PFEFFERI / C SCABRA / T CHUNI / TEUTHOWENIA / A FALCO / C SICULUS / 

A ANDAMANICA / B ABYSSICOLA / 0 CARRIBAEA / H DOFLEINI / T DANAE / 

P FISHER1 / T ALESSANDRINII / B RIISEI / ENOPLOTEUTHIS / MASTIGOTEUTHIS / 

C VERANYI / H MELEAGROTEUTHIS / C PICTETI / NEOTEUTHIS 

Numbers 

OKUTANI, T. 1977. Stock assessment of cephalopod resources fished by Japan. 

FA0 Fisheries Technical Paper (173). 62 pp. 

Worldwide geographic survey of cephalopods fished by Japan, as well as 

promising catchable stocks. 

most commonly f i shed species. 

Report reviews population assessments of 
39 

*4 OKUTANI T / TRAWL / MODEL / WORLDWIDE / ATLANTIC / PACIFIC / INDIAN / ETP 

ASSESSMENT / JIGGING / T PACIFICUS / D BLEEKERI / 0 BARTRAMII / 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 0 BANKSII / G BOREALIS / D GIGAS / B MAGISTER / 

T RHOMBUS 

OKUTANI, T. 1980. Useful and latent cuttlefish and squids of the world. 

National Cooperative of Squid Processors for the 15th Anniversary of its 

Foundation. 65 pp. 

Comprehensive information of cephalopod resources, from worldwide 

sources. Contains color plates useful for identification purposes and 

104 species are illustated. In Japanese. 

*2 OKUTANI T / WORLDWIDE / IDENTIFICATION 

OKUTANI, T. and J. A. McGowan. 1969. Systematics, distribution and abundance 

of the epiplanktonic squid (Cephalopoda, Decapoda) larvae of the 

California Current, April 1954- March 1957. Bull. Scripps Inst. 

Oceanogr. 14: 1-90. 

Survey of squid larvae collected during CalCOFI cruises of 1954-1957, 

captured using a one meter diameter net. 

accurately estimated species abundance and divers1 ty. 

systematics, description and distribution of 13 squid species. 

*2 OKUTANI T / MCGOWAN J A / EASTPACIFIC / IDENTIFICATION / NET / 

DISTRIBUTION / ASSESSMENT / MORPHOMETRICS / L OPALESCENS / A FELIS / 

P GIARDI / 0 BANKSII / OCTOPODOTEUTHIS / G FABRIC11 / M HETEROPSIS / 

C SICULUS / C VERANYI / P PACIFICA / T MEGALOPS / H PFEFFERI / LIGURIELLA 

Techniques used may not have 

Report gives the 

OKUTANI, T., and I. Tung. 1978. Reviews of biology of commercially important 

squids in Japanese and adjacent waters. 

(Lesson). Vel i ger 21(1):87-94. 

I. Sypl ectoteuthi s oual aniensi s 

Description of larval forms, growth, reproduction, food habits, parasites 

and commerci a1 f i shi ng of S. oual ani ensi s. 

*6 OKUTANI T / TUNG I / PACIFE / INDI AN / ET P / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / 

SQUID DIET / FEEDING HABITS / SEABIRDS / FISH / PARASITE / FISHING 

OLIPHANT, M. S. 1971. Pacific bonito food habits. California Department of 

Fish and Game Fish Bulletin 152:64-82. 

A survey of Pacific bonito stomach contents, collected during 1968 and 

1969 at San Pedro, California. In order of abundance, principal prey 

were northern anchovey, other fish and Loligo o alescens. 

*3 OLIPHANT M s / EASTPACIFIC / FISH FEEDITKRABRS L OP ALESC ENS 

OLSON, R. J. 1982. Feeding and energetics studies of yellowfin tuna, food 

for ecological thought. ICCAT Collective Vol. of Scientific Papers 

17(2): 444-457. 

Two methods of estimating food consumption are presented, one which 
40 

utilizes an energy budget model and the other which estimates daily food 

intake based on instantaneous gastric evacuation rates. 

food source of ETP yellowfin tuna was frigate tunas (Auxis sp.), and 

cephal opods ranked second, accordi ng to an index of remeTmportance 

using volumes, occurrences and numerical abundances. However, in terms 

of mean prey biomass based on daily food intake, cephalopods ranked 

fourth, after scombrids, nomeids and gonostomatids. 

*3 OLSON R J / ETP / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / PURSE SEINE 

In 1972, a major 

OVERSTREET, R. M., and F. G. Hochberg. 1975. Digenetic trematodes in 

cephalopods. J. Mar. Bi 01. Ass. U.K. 55:893-910. 

Examination of 15 cephalopod species showed infections of digenetic 

trematodes. Paper reviews 1 i terature and includes a 1 ist of cephalopods 

which have been reported to have infections. 

"6 OVERSTREET R M / HOCHBERG F G / PARASITE / S OFFICINALIS / A FALCO / 

A FELIS / L CHIROCTES / P GEMMATA / P GIARDI / J HEATHI / D GIGAS / 

L BREVIS / ROSSIA / 0 BRIAREUS / 0 MAORUM 

PACKARD, A. 1972. Cephalopods and fish: the limits of convergence. Biol. Rev. 

47~241-307. 

Compari sons of si mi 1 ari ties between cephalopods and f i sh. Description 

and review of cephalopod biology (habitat, locomotion, feeding, growth, 

sensory organs, and paleontology). 

REPRODUCTION / WORLDWIDE / WATASENIA / OCTOPODIDAE / SEPIIDAE / LOLIGO / 

SEPIOTEUTHIS / OMMASTREPHES / ILLEX / TODARODES / DOSCIDICUS / GONATUS / 

ONYCHOTEUTHIS / WATASENIA / ABRALIOPSIS / PYROTEUTHIS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / 

CALLITEUTHIS / CRANCHIA / ARCHITEUTHIS / CTENOPTERYX 

*2 PACKARD A / FISH / DISTRIBUTION / VERTICAL / GROWTH / SQUID DIET / 

PEARCY, W. G. 1965. Species composition and distribution of pelagic 

cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean off Oregon. 

266. 

Pacific Science 19:261- 

Report of pelagic cephalopods caught in nightime trawl surveys, during 

1961-1963 off the Oregon coast. Gonatus spp., Abraliopsis sp. and 

Chi roteuthi s sp. were most abundant numerically. 

trawl -gear andompari sons of survey results with a1 bacore food habits 

were discussed. 

*7 PEARCY W G / EASTPACIFIC / DISTRIBUTION 1 VERTICAL / TRAWL / FISH / 

SEASONAL / L OPALESCENS / R PACIFICA / 0 BANKS11 / M ROBUSTA / 

ABRALIOPSIS / 0 SICULA / M HOLYEI / G FABRIC11 / G MAGISTER / NET / 

G ANONYCHUS / G BOREALIS / C VERANYI / G ARMATA / ASSESSMENT / C SCABRA / 

V INFERNALIS / J HEATHI / FEEDING HABITS / T PAVO 

Cephal opodvoidance of 

PENROSE, J. D. and G. T. Kaye. 1979. Acoustic target strengths of marine 

organisms. J. Acoust. SOC. Am. 65(2):374-380. 

Application of the regression equations of Love (1977) to predict 

acoustic target strengths from body lengths of marine organisms. Data 
41 

from four crustaceans and one squid fit the regressions closely. 

*7 PENROSE J D / KAYE G T / SONAR 

PEREIRO, J. A., and J. Bravo de Laguna. 1980. Dinamica de la poblacion y 

evaluacion de 1 os recursos del pul po del Atlantic0 Centro-Oriental. FAO, 

SERIE CPACO/PACO 80/18 (Es). 53 pp. 

Population dynamics of octopus found off northwest Africa, from four 

cruises 1967-1978, and based on mantle length frequency distributions. 

In 1976, the contribution of octopus to the commercial catch of 

cephalopds from the Saharan Bank was 49%. Growth, length-weight 

relationships and production models are discussed. In Spanish with 

English summary. 

ATLANTIC /TRAWL / FISHING 

*7 PEREIRO J A / BRAVO DE LAGUNA J / OCTOPUS / GROWTH / ASSESSMENT / MODEL / 

PERRIN, W. F., R. R. Warner, C. H. Fiscus, and D. B. Holts. 1973. Stomach 

contents of the porpoise, Stenella spp., and yellowfin tuna, Thunnus 

a1 bacares, in mi xed species aggregations. 

1092. 

Fishery Bul leti n ‘-7- 

Survey of tuna and porpoise stomach contents from animals captured by 

tuna purse-seine, in six net hauls in the eastern tropical Pacific, 

duri ng Apri 1 1968. 

most abundant sauids found. andmd were most inwortant interms of 

Dosci di cus gi gas and Sympl ectoteuthi s sp. were the 

occurrences between tuna and porpoise, and as food for porpoise. Whi 

porpoise fed on both mesopelagic squid and epipelagic squid, tuna did 

eat mesopelagic squid. 

*3 PERRIN W F / WARNER R R / FISCUS C H / HOLTS D B / ETP / FISH / 

ONYKIA / D GIGAS / SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / A AFFINIS / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / 

CHIROTEUTHIDAE / HISTIOTEUTHIS / OCTOPODA / PURSE SEINE / FEEDING HAB 

coe 

not 

TS 

PIEPER, R. E. 1979. Euphausiid distribution and biomass determined 

acoustical ly at 102 kHz. Deep-sea Research 26(6A):687-702. 

Investigation of the scattering layer off Southern California to 

determine euphausiid biomass. Accuracy of acoustic estimation was a 

function of concentration and size or weight of the organisms, and depth 

of the layer. 

*7 PIEPER R E / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / VERTICAL / EASTPACIFIC 

PINKAS, L. 1971. Bluefin tuna food habits. California Department of Fish 

and Game Fish Bulletin 152:47-63. 

A survey of bluefin stomach contents, from fish sampled at San Pedro 

canneries, 1968-1969. Fish composed over 90 percent of prey items, 

followed by crustaceans and squid. 

0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 0 SICULA / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / A FELIS / C SCABRA / 

D GIGAS / GONATOPSIS / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / LEACHIA / A NOURYI / OCTOPODA / 

0 BIMACULATUS / 0 TUBERCULATA / PURSE SEINE 

*3 PINKAS L / EASTPACIFIC / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / L OPALESCENS / GONATUS / 
42 

RATHJEN, W. F.,and D. W. Stanley. 1982. A harvesting and handling 

demonstration, CaDe Ann, Massachusetts. Proceedings of the International 

Squid Symposium, August 9-12, 1981, Boston, Massachusetts. Unipub. pp. 

137-144. 

Experimental jigging for Atlantic Ocean Illex illecebrosus, with one 

automatic and two hand operated jigging machines. Squid catches varied 

from 40 to 1,200 pounds per hour of 18-25 cm mantle length squid. Even 

in full moon conditions catches were 1,000+ pounds per hour. 

*5 RATHJEN W F / STANLEY D W / LIGHTS / JIGGING / ATLANTIC 

RAU, G. H., A. J. Mearns, D. R. Young, R. J. Olson, H. A. Schafer, and I. R. 

Kaplan. 1983. Animal 13C/12C correlates with trophic level in pelagic 

food webs. Ecology 64(5):1314-1318. 

Analyses of carbon isotopes in two Pacific ocean ecosystems, one in the 

ETP and the other in the Southern California Bight. 

that the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 increases with increasing 

trophic 1 evel. ETP Sympl ectoteuthi s oual ani ensi s rati os were above 

zooplankton , and below those of flying fish, frigate tunas and sharks. 

*3 RAU G H / MEARNS A J / YOUNG D R / OLSON R J / SCHAFER H A / KAPLAN I R / 

SQUID DIET / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / S OUALANIENSIS / 

MARINE MAMMALS 

Results indicate 

REINTJES, J. W., and J. E. King. 1953. Food of yellowfin tuna in the central 

Pacific. U.S. Fishery Bulletin 54(81):91-110. 

Examination of the stomach contents of 1097 yellowfin tuna caught by 

troll i ng, 1 i ve bait pol e-and-1 i ne fishing, and 1 ongl i ne, in waters near 

the Line and Phoenix Islands. Food categories, by volume, were fish 

(4781, squid (26%) and crustaceans (25%). Uni denti f i ed squid, crab 

larvae and carangid fish were the three most important food items of 

yellowfin, by volume. Comparisons of stomach contents were made by size 

of predator and distance to land. 

LONGLINE / 0 BANKS11 / S OUALANIENSIS / OCTOPODOTEUTHIDAE / OCTOPODA 

*3 REINTJES J W / KING .PE / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / PACIFIC / LINE / 

RICE, D. W. 1963. Progress report on biological studies of the larger 

cetacea in the waters off California. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende (7):181- 

187. 

Information of seven cetacean species included cephalopods eaten by 54 

sperm whales and seven giant bottlenose whales. 

sperm whale stomachs. 

*3 RICE D W / EASTPACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / M ROBUSTA / 

G BOREALIS / ONYCHOTEUTHIS / OCTOPUS / G FABRIC11 

Squid occurred in 96% of 
43 

ROBSON, G. C. 1948. The Cephalopoda Decapoda of the Arcturus oceanographic 

expedition, 1925. Zoologica 33(3):115-132. 

*2 

Report of a collection of 30 species of decapods, mainly from the eastern 

tropical Pacific Ocean, near the Galapagos Islands. The majority were 

juvenile forms. 

ROBSON G C / NET / LIGHTS / TRAWL / ETP / ATLANTIC / B ABYSSICOLA / 

BATHYTEUTHIS / A HOYLEI / ABRALIOPSIS / P GIARDI / 0 NIELSENI / ONYKIA / 

0 BANKS11 / H OCEAN1 / S PTEROPUS / STENOTEUTHIS / CHIROTEUTHIS / 

H PELAGICA / MASTIGOTEUTHIS / L REINHARDTI / GALITEUTHIS / T PACIFICUS / 

H BEEBEI 

ROELEVELD, M. A. 1982. Interpretation of tentacular club structure in 

Stenoteuthi s oualaniensi s. (Lesson, 1830) and Ommastrephes bartrami i 

Resueur, 1821) (C ephalopoda, Ommastrephidaej. Anna1 s of the South 

African -Museum 89(4):249-264. 

Del ineation of tentacular club areas (dactylus, manus and carpus) for 

seven ommastrephid squids. 

T PACIFICUS / S PTEROPUS / N SLOANI PHILIPPINENSIS 

*1 ROELEVELD M A / IDENTIFICATION / S OUALANIENSIS / 0 BARTRAMII / N GOULDI 

ROPER, C. F. E. 1977. Comparative captures of pelagic cephalopods by 

midwater trawls. Symp. Zool. SOC. Lond. (38):61-87. 

Comparisons of captures between several types of trawls. 

were Isaacs-Ki dd midwater trawl (IKMT), rectangular midwater trawl (RMT), 

and Engel trawl (EMT). Because the IKMT and RMT were closing types, some 

depth comparisons were a1 so made. 

Community Index and Index of Similarity) indicated dissimilarity in net 

sampl i ng between types. 

Trawls used 

Indices of similarity (Jaccard's 

*7 ROPER c F E TRAWL ASSESSMENT / ATLANTIC 

ROPER, C. F. E., R. E. Young, and G. L. Voss. 1969. An illustrated key to 

the families of the order Teuthoidea (Cephal opoda). 

Contributions to Zoology (13):22 pp. 

Smi thsonian 

A dichotomous key using external body characteristics, with illustrations 

of representative species in 25 families. Includes notes on each family. 

*1 ROPER C F E / YOUNG R E / VOSS G L / IDENTIFICATION / LOLIGINIDAE / 

GONATIDAE / ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE / OCTOPOTEUTHIDAE / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / 

LEPIDOTEUTHIDAE / CTENOPTERYGIDAE / BRACHIOTEUTHIDAE / LYCOTEUTHIDAE / 

HISTIOTEUTHIDAE / BATHYTEUTHIDAE / NEOTEUTHIDAE / PSYCHROTEUTHIDAE / 

ARCHITEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / THYSANOTEUTHIDAE / CHIROTEUTHIDAE / 

MASTIGOTEUTHIDAE / CRANCHIIDAE / JOUBINITEUTHIDAE / CYCLOTEUTHIDAE / 

GRIMALDITEUTHIDAE / PROMACHOTEUTHIDAE 
44 

ROPER, C. F. E. and R. E. Young. 1975. Vertical distribution of pelagic 

cephalopods. Smi thsonian Contributions to Zoology (209):l-51. 

A report on the vertical distribution and vertical migration of pelagic 

cephalopods, presented by records of representative species in each 

family and summarized in bar graphs. Scope is worldwide with data from 

California, Bermuda, Hawaii and other collections. 

EASTPACIFIC / PACIFIC / OCTOPODA / YOUNG R E / ROPER C F E / D GIGAS / 

S OUALANIENSIS / H HETEROPSIS / B BACIDIFERA / B BERRYI / G ONYX / 

G CALIFORNIENSIS / G PYROS / G BERRYI / G BOREALIS / 0 DELETRON / C CALYX 

CHIROTEUTHIS / V OBLIGOBESSA / VALBYTEUTHIS / M PYRODES / MASTIGOTEUTHIS 

M FAMELICA / L DISLOCATA / G PHYLLURA / G PACIFICA / T PAVO / B LYROMMA 

H PFEFFERI / P FISHER1 / L VALDIVIAE 

*2 WORLDWIDE / ETP / VERTICAL / MEDITERRANEAN / ATLANTIC / INDIAN / 

ROPER; C. F. E., and M. J. Sweeney. (In Press). Techniques for fixation, 

preservation, and curation of cephalopods. 

Paper which describes chemicals and techniques used to fix and preserve 

cephalopods. 

alcohol, the authors discuss methods of freezing, extraction of beaks, 

statoliths and radulae, rehydration, labelling and containing. 

*6 ROPER C F E / SWEENEY M J / PRESERVATION 

In addition to describing of the use of formalin and 

SASAKI, M. 1929. A monograph of the dibrachiate cephalopods of the Japanese 

and adjacent waters. Reprinted from the Journal of the College of 

Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Vol. XX, Supplementary Number. 

357 pp. and 25 plates. 

Descriptions of and keys to the identification of 125 octopod and decapod 

cephalopods. Drawings of key morphological features are included. 

Distributions given include areas outside Japanese waters. 

DISTRIBUTION / OCTOPODA / ARCHITEUTHIDAE / OMMASTREPHIDAE / 

THYSANOTEUTHIDAE / HISTIOTEUTHIDAE/ CHIROTEUTHIDAE / ONYCHOTEUTHIDAE / 

ENOPLOTFUTHIDAE / GONATIDAE / CRANCHIDAE / LOLIGINIDAE / SEPIIDAE / 

SEPIOLIDAE / IDOSEPIIDAE / PROMACHTEUTHIDAE 

*1 SASAKI M / IDENTIFICATION / PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC / ATLANTIC / INDIAN / 

SATO, T. i975a. Results of exploratory fishing for Doscidicus i as 

(d'Orbigny) off California and Mexico. 

67. 

FA0 Fisheries Repor%i70):61- 

A report of jigging for D. gi as off the Baja California coast, near 

Manzanillo and in the GuTf 4- o California, during October-December 1971, 

off the Japanese research vessel Ryoun-Maru No. 3. Most of the catch 

were squid Over 300 mm mantle length, and estimaTed life span was one 

year. 

December 

FEEDING HABTTS / MARINE MAMMALS / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION 

Catches were 23280 kg in October, 728 kg in November and 30 kg in 

*7 SATO T / ETP / D GIGAS / JIGGING / DISTRIBUTION / SQUID DIET / FISH 
45 

SATO, T. 1975b. Present state of the American large red squid Doscidicus 

gigas (Dorbigny) fisheries in the east Pacific waters off the California 

peninsula. Prog. Rep. Squid Fish. Survey World (5):147-154. Translated 

from Japanese in: Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 

(4586). 22 pp. Available f rom: Languages Services Branch, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 

Similar to Sat0 (1975a). Investigation of the resource potential of 

Doscidicus 

Gyoun Maru. 

DISTRIBUTION / FEEDING HABITS / SQUID DIET / FISH / MARINE MAMMALS 

igas, conducted from August 1971 to January 1972, off Baja 

California, +l in t e Gulf of California and off Manzanillo, from the vessel 

*7 mTTP / D GIGAS / D BLEEKERI / JIGGING / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION / 

SCHREIBER, R. W., and D. A. Hensley. 1976. The diets of Sula dactylatra, 

Sula sula, and Fregata minor on Christmas Island, PacificOcean. 

mnX0(3):241-248. - 

Pacific 

Composition of prey (fish and squid) of the Blue-faced Booby, the Redfaced Booby and the Great Frigatebird. 

partitioning of the food resource by prey size and type. 

Results seem to indicate a 

*3 SCHREIBER R W / HENSLEY D A / SEABIRDS / PACIFIC / FEEDING HABITS 

SHEVTSOVA, S. P., A. P. Brestkin, K. N. Nesis, and Y. V. Rozengart. 1979. 

Differences in the properties of cholinesterases of the optical ganglion 

of the squid Ommastrephes bartrami from the South Atlantic and the Great 

Australian bight. Oceanolo~):729-731. 

Study, of optical gang1 ion chol i nesterases, which showed 1 i ttl e 

differences between South At1 antic and western Pacific Ommastrephes 

bartrami. 

separated. 

*6 SHEVTSOVA S P / BRESTKIN A P / NESIS K N / ROZENGART Y V / ATLANTIC / 

PACIFIC / STOCK / 0 BARTRAMII 

Report suggests that the squid populations are not genetically 

SHEVTSOVA, S. P., A. P. Brestkin, K. N. Nesis, and Y. V. Rozengart. 

Differences in the properties of Cholinesterases in the visual ganglions 

of Ommastrephes bartrami (Les.) squids as an indicator of the isolation 

of populations from various parts of a discontinuous range. Oceanology 

1979. 

19 (3):320-323. 

A study which suggests that competitive interaction with Doscidicus gigas 

in the eastern Pacific has split the populations of Ommastrephes bartrami 

of the North and South Pacific Ocean. Using properties of cholinesterase 

activity, the investigation found evidence of' genetic exchange between 

North and South Atlantic squids, but isolation in the North and South 

*6 

Paci f i c . SHEVTSOVA S P / BRESTKIN A P / NESIS K N / ROZENGART Y V / 0 BARTRAMII / 

STOCK ATLANTIC / PACIFIC INDIAN / D GIGAS 
46 

SHIBATA, K., and E. E. C. Flores. 1972. Echo-traces typical of squids in the 

water surrounding Japan. FA0 Fisheries Circular (142):7-13. 

Echo-sounder recordings of Ommastre hes sloani pacificus, using 28, 50 

addition, an underwater camera transmitted videos of squid responses to 

jigging lures. 

*7 SHIBATA K / FLORES E E C / JIGGING / SONAR / CAMERA / 0 SLOANI PACIFICUS 

and 200 kHz sounders, from + vesse s 0th underway and stationary. In 

SHIBATA, K., and P. Masthawee. 1980. Experimental echo survey for squid 

fishing around the Phuket Waters. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development 

Center Training Department. Current Technical Paper Series (9). 30 pp. 

Measurements and cal cul ati ons for measuring squi d targets using a 50 kHz 

sounder. Although echotraces from squids could not be clearly 

identified, the sounder could detect individual squid at a maximum depth 

of 20-30 meters. 

*7 SHIBATA K / MASTHAWEE P / SONAR 

SHOMURA, R. S., and T. S. Hida. 1965. Stomach contents of a dolphin caught 

in Hawaiian waters. J. Mamm. 46(3):500-501. 

Note on the stomach contents of a male Stenella attenuata captured three 

miles off Oahu. 

volume), and second were myctophids (6%). 

*3 SHOMURA R S / HIDA T S / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / 

A ASTROSTICTA / 0 HAWAIIENSIS / PACIFIC 

Pelagic squid were the most abundant food (86% by 

SISSENWINE, M. P., and A. M. Tibbetts. 1977. Simulating the effect of 

fishing on squid (Loligo and Illex) populations of the Northeastern 

United States. Semp. Intmm. N.W. Atlan. Fish. (2):71-84. 

Presentation of simulation of fishing Loli o pealei and Illex 

illecebrosus of the east coast of the &hem ati onel used 

modified (for growth and spawning) yield equations and a Beverton-Hol t 

stock recruitment relationship. 

ASSESSMENT / GROWTH / ATLANTIC 

*7 SISSENWINE M P / TIBBETTS A M / MODEL / L PEALEI / I ILLECEBROSUS / 

SPRATT, J. D. 1978. Age and growth of the squid, Loli o opalescens Berry, in 

Monterey Bay. Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game dull. (169) :35-44. 

Similar to Spratt (1979). See annotation for content. 

*6 SRATT J 0 / EASTPACIFIC / GROWTH / AGING / L OPALESCENS 

SPRATT, J. D. 1979. Age and growth of the market squid, Loligo opalescens 

Berry, from statoliths. CalCOFI Rep. 20:58-64. 

Growth rates of Lo1 i go opal escens were determi ned from statol i ths and 

compared with momength progressions. Both statol i th growth rings and 
47 

length composition showed that the squid reach adult size in about 14 

lunar months, and that slower growing squid can live through part of a 

second season. 

*6 SPRATT J D / L OPALESCENS / EASTPACIFIC / GROWTH / AGING 

SQUIRE, J. L. 1983. Abundance of pelagic resources off California, 1963- 

1978, as measured by an airborne fish monitoring program. NOAA Technical 

Report NMFS SSRF-762. 75 pp. 

Assessment of coastal California fish stocks, from observations by 

commerci a1 fish spotters, usi ng night (bioluminescence) and day (col or 

and light intensity) sightings. Most common species seen were northern 

anchovy, jack mackerel, Pacific bonito, Pacific mackerel, Pacific Sardine 

and bluefin tuna. Squid (Lo!igo opalescens) were among the less common 

observations, but distributions of sighti ngs are presented. 

ASSESSMENT 

*7 SQUIRE J L / L OPALESCENS / AIRPLANE / DISTRIBUTION / EASTPACIFIC / 

SQUIRES, H. J., 0. Mora L., 0. Bacona M., and 0. Arroyo Q. 

cruises 6907- 6911 and 7001 of the chartered vessel "Cacique" on the 

Pacific coast of Columbia. 

en Columbia, Estudias e Investigaciones (5). 42 pp. 

1971. Results of 

Project0 para Desarolla de la Pesca Maritima 

Report of surveys for shrimp, squid, and fish normally taken by shrimp 

trawls. 

Lo1 1 i guncul a panamensi s was 150,000 kg. 

An estimate of the total shrimp fleet catch of the squid 

*7 SQUIRtS H J /M(JRAOARONA 0 / ARROYO 0 / L PANAMENSIS / TRAWL / ETP 

SQUIRES, H. J., and J. H. Barragan. 1979. Lolliguncula panamensis 

(Cephal opoda: Lo1 i si ni dae) from the Paci tic coast of Col umbi a. Vel i ger 

22 '(1):67-74. 

Growth, reproduction, feeding habits, and estimation of stock potential 

of the squid Lolliguncula panamensis. Report was based on a survey of 

commercial shrimps and fishes along the Pacific coast of Columbia, mainly 

from depths of 5 to 30 m. 

*7 SQUIRES H J / BARRAGAN J H / L PANAMENSIS / ETP / TRAWL / SQUID DIET / 

ASSESSMENT / IDENTIFICATION / GROWTH / REPRODUCTION 

STROUD, R. K., C. H. Fiscus, and H. Kajimura. 1981. Food of the Pacific 

whi te-si ded dol phi n, Lagenorhynchus ob1 iqui dens, Dall Is porpoi se, 

Phocoenoi des dall i , and northern fur seal, C a l l o r h i nus ursi nus, off 

California anmshington. Fishery Bulletin /8(4) :951-r 

Prey were epipelagic and mesopelagic f i shes and cephal opods, but most 

likely mesopelagic prey were eaten near the surface, after vertical 

migration in response to reduced light at dusk. 

*3 STROUD R K / FISCUS C H / KAJIMURA H / EASTPACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / 

FEEDING HABITS / L OPALESCENS / ABRALIOPSIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / GONATUS / 

G BOREALIS / 0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / CHIROTEUTHIS / CRANCHIIDAE / 

0 TUBERCULATA 
48 

SUZUKI, T. 1963. Studies on the relationship between current boundary zones 

in waters to the southeast of Hokkaido and migration of the squid 

Ommastrephes sloani pacificus (Steenstrup). Memoirs of the Faculty of 

Fisheries, Hokkaidollniv. 2(2) :75-153. 

Report on the abundance of Ommastrephes sloani pacificus in the Hokkaido, 

Japan area. Optimum temperature and preymabili ty were considered to 

be the major controls of squid migration and population density. Indices 

of abundance were based on catch per unit effort; prey availability was 

correlated with the deep scattering layer; and, temperature was observed 

as a function of current zones. 

DISTRIBUTION / SQUID DIET 

*7 SUZUKI T / 0 SLOANI PACIFICUS / PACIFIC / ASSESSMENT / JIGGING / 

SUZUKI, T. 1975. Echosounding for squid Todarodes pacificus (Steenstrup) in 

the offshore waters of the sea of Japan and estimation of its abundance. 

FA0 Fisheries Reports (170):89-92. 

A brief summary of echosounding techniques used in locating T. pacificus 

and a technique for estimating school size by monitoring decFEasing CPE. 

Squid were located more effectively using 200 kHz than with lower 

frequencies, and were found between the upper and lower deep scattering 

layers, formed by thermoclines. The relation of CPUE and cumulative 

catch allowed estimation of squid numbers, which can then be related to 

echosoundi ng patterns. 

*7 SUZUKI T / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / T PACIFICUS / PACIFIC 

SUZUKI, T., M. Tashiro, and Y. Yamaguchi. 1974. Studies on the swimming 

layer of squid Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup as observed by a fish 

finder in the offshore region of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. 

Bull eti n of the Facul ty of Fisheries Hokkaido University 25(3):238-246. 

Translated from Japanese. 

National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 

Available from: Language Services Branch, 

Echo-traces of pelagic Todarodes pacificus showed that squid images and 

the deep scattering layer are more clearly recorded usinq a 200 kHz 

sounder than with a 75 kHz one. Squid school images appeared spindle 

shaped, at a ship's speed of 9 knots, and were generally distributed 

between the upper and lower scattering layers. 

*7 SUZUKI T / TASHIRO M / YAMAGISHI Y / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / VERTICAL / 

JIGGING / T PACIFICUS 

TOLL, R. B. 1982. The comparative morphology of the gladius in the order 

Teuthoi dea (Mol 1 usca: Cephal opoda) i n re1 ati on to systemati cs and 

phylogeny. PhD. Dissertation, University of Miami. 390 pp. 

A useful review of squid pens, for identification purposes. 

*6 TOLL R B / IDENTIFICATION 
49 

TUNG, I. 1976. On the food habit of common squid, Symplectoteuthis 

oualaniensis (Lesson). 

Ministry of Economic Affairs and National Taiwan University 3(2):49-46. 

Report of the Institute of Fishery Biology, 

A food habits study in which fish was the primary prey item. 

crustaceans were also food items. 

Squid and 

In Chinese with English abstract. 

*6 TUNG I / PACIFIC / S OUALANIENSIS / SQUID DIET / PARASITE 

TUNG, 1. 1981. On the fishery and biology of the squid, Ommastrephes 

bartrami (Lesueur) in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Report of the 

Institute of Fishery Biology, Ministry of Economic Affairs and National 

Taiwan University 3(4):12-37. 

A report of fishing grounds locations and CPUEs by month and area for 

years 1977, 1978 and 1979, and as far east as 1730E. 

contents, regressions of mantle length on body weight, and morphometrics 

of reproductive organs. In Chinese with English abstract. 

Presents stomach 

*6 TUNG I / PACIFIC / 0 BARTRAMII / SQUID DIET / MORPHOMETRICS / FISHING 

VAUGHAN, D. L. 1978. The target strength of individual market squid, Loligo 

opalescens. Calif. Dept. of Fish and Game Fish Bull. (169):149-159. 

Target strengths, from eleven individual squid and using a 200 kHz 

sounder, showed little relation to the size of squid. 

in integrator systems applicable to population assessment. 

Values can be used 

*7 VAUGHAN D L / L OPALESCENS / ASSESSMENT / SONAR 

VAUGHAN. D. L.. and C. W. Recksiek. 1978. An acoustic investisation of 

mirket squid, Loli o opalescens. 

Bull. (169): 1337%. 

Calif. Dept. of Fish and-Game Fish 

Similar to Vaughan and Recksiek (1979). See annotation for content. 

EASTPACIFIC 

*7 VAUGHAN D L / RECKSIEK C W / L OPALESCENS / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / 

VAUGHAN, D. L., and C. W. Recksiek. 1979. Detection of market squid, Loligo 

opal escens, with echo sounders. Cal COFI Rep. 20:40-50. 

*7 

Echo-traces of squid, recorded by sounders operating at 38, 50 and 200 

kHz, were verified by midwater trawls, jigging and visual observation. 

Two behavioral patterns were observed, one from continuous bottom 

associated traces, and the other from more difficult to assess midwater 

plume traces. 

VAUGHAN D L / RECKSIEK C W / L OPALESCENS / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / 

EASTPACIFIC 
50 

VOLKOV, A. F., and I. F. Moroz. 1977. Oceanological conditions of the 

distribution of cetacea in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. 

the International Whaling Commi sion 27:186-188. 

Report of 

Notes on the distribution of baleen and sperm whales in the ETP. Baleen 

whales were found in areas of richer food bases, connected with zones of 

vergence, and such di stri buti on was atypical of mi grati ng whal es. Report 

says surface observations of squid, and convergence zones cannot a1 ways 

be associated with sperm whale distributions, since these whales feed on 

deep water prey. 

*3 VOLKOV A F / MOROZ I F / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / ETP 

VOSS, G. L. 1967. The biology and bathymetric distribution of deep-sea 

cephalopods. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. 5: 511-535. 

Depth distribution of major taxa, including specific examples. Zones 

described are the epi pel agi c, mesopelagic, bathypel agi c, bethopel agi c and 

benthic. 

"2 VOSS G L / VERTICAL / TRAWL / SQUID DIET 

VOSS, G. L. 1971. Cephalopods collected by the R/V John Elliot Pillsbury in 

the Gulf of Panama. Bulletin of Marine Sciencemlm 

Report of the collection of 18 cephalopod species in the Gulf of Panama, 

of which eight were squids and four were new octopus species. 

collection sites and methods (lights, trawls, nets, and dipnets) are 

i ncl uded. 

*2 VOSS G L / ETP / DIPNET / LIGHTS / NET / VERTICAL / FISHING / 

DISTRIBUTION / L DIOMEDEA / 0 BANKS11 / P GIARDI / A AFFINIS / 

L PANAMENSIS / B BACIDIFERA / D GIGAS / MASTIGOTEUTHIS / D DANAE / 

V DANAE / B ABYSSICOLA / S OUALANIENSIS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / M DENTATA / 

OCTOPODA / TRAWL 

Records of 

VOSS, G. L. 1973. Cephalopod resources of the world. FA0 Fisheries Circular 

(149). 75 pp. 

A survey of worl dw i de cepal opod resources, f i sheri es, and potential. 

Report i s compi 1 ed by specific countries or areas. 

INDIAN / MEDITERRANEAN / DISTRIBUTION / L OPALESCENS / L DIOMEDEA / 

L PANAMENSIS / L BREVIS / S OUALANIENSIS / D GIGAS 

*2 VOSS G L / WORLDWIDE / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / PACIFIC / FISHING / ATLANTIC / 

WALKER, W. A. 1981. Geographical variation in morphology and biology of 

bottl enose dol phi ns (Tursi ops) in the eastern North Pacific. NOAA 

Administrative Report-1-03C). 17 pp., references, figures, 

tab1 es. 

Contains a food habits section with stomach contents of nine coastal and 

17 offshore ETP Tursiops. 

fish (86.7%), and cephalopods (13.3%). Report suggests that mesopelagic 

f i sh remains in dol phi n stomachs occurred secondarily, because stomach 

ETP dolphin prey were, by volume, epipelagic 
51 

contents of an intact Dosci dicus gi gas included otol i ths from mesopelagic 

f i shes. 

*3 WALKER W A / ETP / EASTPACIFIC / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / 

SQUID DIET / L OPALESCENS / D GIGAS / 0 BIMACULATUS / A AFFINIS / 

S OUALANIENSIS / T RHOMBUS / HISTIOTEUTHIS / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / CHIROTEUTHIS 

CRANCHIIDAE / 0 TUBERCULATA 

WALDRON, K. D., and J. E. King. 1963. Food of skipjack in the central 

Pacific. FA0 Fish. Rep. 6(3):1431-1557. 

Examination of 707 skipjack stomach contents, from tuna obtained by live 

bait fishing, longline, trolling and purse seine, from 1950 to 1956. 

Food categories, by volume, were fish (74.6%), squid (19.5%), and 

crustaceans (3.7%). 

*3 WALDRON K D / KING J E / PACIFIC / FISH / FEEDING HABITS / LINE / 

OCTOPODA / LOLIGINIDAE / SEPIOTEUTHIS / OMMASTREPHIDAE / LONGLINE / 

0 HAWAIIENSIS / SYMPLECTOTEUTHIS / PURSE SEINE 

WAWROWSKI, R. 1981. The evaluation of echosounding and towing methods for 

squid fishing. Working Paper for Workshop on the Biology and Resource 

Potential Of Cephal opods, Me1 bourne, Australia, March 1981. 

Museum of Victoria. Victoria Institute of Marine Sciences. 27 pp. 

National 

Reveiw of hydroacoustic estimation and its application to the assessment 

of squid abundance. Transmission, noise, computerization, and 

applications are discussed. 

presented. 

Commerci a1 trawl i ng techniques are a1 so 

*7 WAWROWSKI R / SONAR / ASSESSMENT / TRAWL 

WHITAKER, J. D. 1980. Squid catches resulting from trawl surveys off the 

southeastern United States. Marine Fisheries Review 42(7-8):39-43. 

Sampl i ng Lo1 i go sp. and 11 1 ex i 11 ecebrosus, wi th groundfish and other 

bottom trmincateat squid abundance south of Cape Hatteras is 

small relative to more northern waters. Length frequency and seasonal 

data are presented. 

L PEALEI / L PLEI / I ILLECEBROSUS 

*7 WHITAKER J D / ASSESSMENT / TRAWL / SEASONAL / ATLANTIC / GROWTH / 

WOLFF, G. A. 1982a. A beak key for eight eastern tropical Pacific cephalopod 

species with relationships between their beak dimensions and size. 

Fishery Bulletin 80(2):357-370. 

Methods for identifying eight common squids of the ETP, by the use of 

upper and 1 ower beak dimensions. Author presents 1 inear regressions of 

mantle length and body weight on beak dimensions. 

*1 WOLFF G A / ETP / IDENTIFICATION / D GIGAS /O BARTRAMII / 0 BANKS11 / 

A AFFINIS / P GIARDI / L REINHARDTI / L OPALESCENS / S OUALANIENSIS / 

MORPHOMETRICS 
52 

WOLFF, G. A. 1982b. A study of feeding relationships in tuna and porpoise 

through the application of cephalopod beak analysis. Final Technical 

Report for DAR-7924779. Texas A&M University. 231 pp. 

Study of beak characteristics of 18 squid species, and application of 

resulting beak identification guide to stomach content analysis of 

Stenella attenuata and Thunnus albacares (same collection as Perrin et 

al. 19/31 . Reviews papers on tuna and cetacean feeding habits. 

Cephalopod beak key was based on ANOVA using 31 ratios of upper and lower 

beak dimensions. Presents linear regressions of squid body weight on 

mantle length and upper and lower rostral lengths. Grouping of tuna and 

dolphin stomach contents was based on di sriminant analysis and 

clustering, and theories of feeding stategies are presented. 

S OUALANIENSIS / D GIGAS / 0 BARTRAMII /'L DANAE / S LUMINOSA / 

N HAWAIIENSIS PACIFICUS / H PELAGICA / 0 VOLATILIS / L REINHARDTI / 

A AFFINIS / A FELIS / P GIARDI / H HETEROPSIS / H DOFLEINI / G ONYX / 

L OPALESCENS / 0 BANKS11 / IDENTIFICATION / MORPHOMETRICS 

*1 WOLFF G A / FISH / MARINE MAMMALS / FEEDING HABITS / PACIFIC / ETP / 

WOLFF, G. A., and J. H. Wormuth. 1979. Biometric separation of the beaks of 

two morphologically similar species of the squid family Ommastrephidae. 

Bulletin of Marine Science 29(4):587-592. 

Use of discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression to separate 

two Atlantic squids, Ommastrephes pteropus and 0. bartrami, on the basis 

of ratios of upper and lower beak dimensions. rscriminant analysis 

cl assi f i ed 42 -of 46 sampl es correctly; mu1 ti pl e 1 i near regression used 

two and three variables. Regressions of weight and mantle length on 

rostral 1 ength were presented. 

0 PTEROPUS / 0 BARTRAMII 

*1 WOLFF G A / WORMUTH J H / IDENTIFICATION / MORPHOMETRICS / ATLANTIC / 

WORMUTH, J. H. 1971. The biogeography, systematics and interspecific 

relationships of the oegopsid squid family Ommastrephidae in the Pacific 

Ocean. Univ. of Calif., San Diego, PhD. dissertation. 189 pp. 

Di sswtati on in which morpho1 ogical characters and clustering, recurrent 

grow analysis and factor analysis were used to distinguish 12 

ommastrephid squids. The resulting taxonomic structure placed 

Symplectoteuthi s oual aniensi s and Ommastre hes pteropus into the genus 

_I__- Symp:ectoteutf'sm - uminosa + an ya oteuthis pelagica were put 

in the genus Hyaloteuthis. 

notes on eco.1 ow, distribution and feedi ns habits. 

Author includes species descriptions and 

*cj WORMC~TH J H DISTRIBUTION PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC ATLANTIC ETP / 

IDENTIFICATION / NET / TRAWL / SQUID DIET / DIPNET / D GIGAS / 

S OUALANIENSIS / S LUMINOSA / 0 BARTRAMII / 0 VOLATILIS / N HAWAIIENSIS / 

H PELAGICA / 0 PTEROPUS / T PACIFICUS / N GOULDI / I ILLECEBROSUS / 

N SLOANI J MORPHOMETRICS 
53 

WORMUTH, J. H. 1975. The biogeography and numerical taxonomy of the oegopsid 

squid family Ommastrephidae in the Pacific Ocean. 

Scripps Institution of Oceanography 23. 90 pp. 

Bulletin of the 

*6 

Pub1 ication of the same information presented in author's PhD. 

dissertation (Wormuth 1971). In addition, ommastrephid biogeography 1 s 

discussed in more depth. 

WORMUTH J H / DISTRIBUTION / PACIFIC / EASTPACIFIC / ATLANTIC / ETP / NET 

TRAWL / IDENTIFICATION / SQUID DIET / DIPNET / D GIGAS / S OUALANIENSIS 

S LUMINOSA / 0 BARTRAMII / 0 VOLATILIS / N HAWAIIENSIS / H PELAGICA / 

0 PTEROPUS / T PACIFICUS / N GOULDI / I ILLECEBROSUS / N SLOANI / 

MORPHOMETRICS 

YAJIMA, S., and S. Mitsugi. 1975. Japanese squid jigging gear. FA0 

Fisheries Reports (170):85-88. 

A short history and description of jigging gear used to catch Todarodes 

paci f icus. 

*5 YAJIMA S/ MITSUGI S / JIGGING / PACIFIC / LIGHTS / T PACIFICUS 

YANAMOTO, K., and T. Okutani. 1975. Studies on early life history of 

decapodan Mol 1 usca- V. Systematics and di stri buti on of epipelagic 1 arvae 

of decapod cephalopods in the southwestern waters of Japan during the 

summer in 1970. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. Lab. (83):45-96. 

A survey of juvenile cephalopods, from depth-discrete tows made to 

collect Japanese eel larvae, with a 2.5 m diameter net. Horizontal and 

vertical distributions are presented for 23 larval squid species. 

VERTICAL / ROSSIA / ENOPLOTEUTHIS / A ANDAMANICA / ABRALIA / 

T ALESSANDRINII / P GIARDI / OCTOPOTEUTHIS / 0 BOREALIJAPONICUS / 

0 CARRIBAEA / C SICULUS / L PACIFICA 

GALITEUTHIS / S MELANCHOLICUS / TEUTHOWENIA 

*7 YANAMOTO K / OKUTANI T / IDENTIFICATION / PACIFIC / NET / DISTRIBUTION / 

/ L REINHARDTI / L VALDIVIAE / 

YOUNG, R. E. 1972. The systematics and areal distribution of pelagic 

cephal opods from the seas off So6ther-r: Cal i forni a. 

Contributions to Zoology (97):l-159- 

Smi thsoni an 

Description of 33 cephalopod species, collected from 28% to 34ON by an 

Isaacs-Kidd mid-water trawl. 

di sxsses characters, systematics and distribution. Contains 38 plates 

o? i 1 1 ustrat i on s. 

EASTPACIFIC / A FALCO / A FELIS / P ADDOLUX / P GEMMWTA / 0 BARTRAMII / 

S LUMINOSA / NEOTEUTHIS / H HETEROPSIS / G ONYX / ti DOFLEINI / 0 DELETRON 

G BERRYI / G CALIFORNIENSIS / G PYROS / G BOREALIS / 0 BOREALIJAPONICUS 

M PYRODES / V OBLIGOBESSA / C CALYX / V DANAE / G BOMPLANDII / B BERRYI 

L DISLOCATA / C SCABRA / G PHYLLURA / G PACIFICA / H PFEFFERI / 

J HEATH1 / JAPETELLA / 0 TUBERCULATA / A MOLLIS / OCTOPUS / V INFERNALIS 

Includes a key %a cxse species, and 

*2 Y3UNG R E / MORPHBMETRICS / IDENTIFICATIOU / TRAWL /' DISTRIBUTION / 
54 

YOUNG, R. E. 1975a. Leachia acifica (Cephal opoda, Teuthoidea): spawning 

habitat and funct-t %-6-fi e rac ial photophores. Pacific Science 29(1): 

19-25. 

Trawl survey of the squid Leachia pacifica, off Oahu, Hawaii. Larvae to 

young adults were found in near surface waters; but, mature animals 

occurred at depths greater than 1000 m. 

serve as sexual attractants. 

Branchi a1 photophores probably 

*6 YOUNG R E / L PACIFICA / TRAWL / VERTICAL / PACIFIC / REPRODUCTION 

YOUNG. R. E. 1975b. A brief review of the bioloav of the oceanic sauid, 

Sympl ectoteuthi s oual aniensis (Lesson). 

143. 

Corn;. Biochem. Physiol.' 52B: 141- 

A short summary of the bi ol ogy of Sympl ectoteuthi s oual aniensi s, which 

occurs in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Report states although 

little is known about this squid's biology and vertical distribution, 

seabirds feed upon it, and its abundance indicates it may be an untapped 

ocean resource. 

*6 YOUNG R E / S OUALANIENSIS / DISTRIBUTION / SEABIRDS / FISH / INDIAN / 

FEEDING HABITS / VERTICAL / SQUID DIET / TRAWL / PACIFIC 

YOUNG, R. E. 1977. Ventral bioluminescent countershading in midwater 

cephalopods. Symp. Zool. SOC. Lond. (38):161-190. 

A study of six midwater squids, to investigate if counterillumination 

could serve as a concealment behavior at upper depths. 

vertical distributions (from day and night trawls), countershading 

behavior, and data on bi 01 umi nescent organs. Bi ol umi nescent 

countershading was believed to occur in four of the six species. 

ENOPLOTEUTHIS / H DOFLEINI / T ALESSANDRINII / TRAWL / PACIFIC 

Paper presents 

f6 YOUNG R E / VERTICAL / P MICROLAMPAS / S MELANCHOLICUS / H HAWAIIENSIS / 

YOUNG, R. E. 1978. Vertical distribution and photosensitive vesicles of 

pelagic cephalopods from Hawaiian waters. 

615. 

Fishery Bulletin 76(3):583- 

f2 

Survey of the vertical distribution of 47 cephalopod species, which 

revealed habitat separation among related species, and reported day-night 

migrations in 25 of the 47 species. 

to vertical zonation. Size and shape of photosensitive vesicles were 

associated with detection of downwell i ng 1 i ght and regulation of vertical 

mi grati on and counteri 11 umi nati on. 

YOUNG R E / VERTICAL / PACIFIC / REPRODUCTION / TRAWL / ABRALIOPSIS / 

P MICROLAMPAS / P ADDOLUX / P GIARDI / OCTOPODA / A TRIGONURA / 

H HAWAIIENSIS / E PYGMAEA / A PELAGICUS / V INFERNALIS / V RICHARD1 / 

J DIAPHANA / G PACIFICA B LYROMMA / H BEEBEI / S MELANCHOLICUS / T PAVO / 

P FISHER1 / L PACIFICA / L REINHARDTI / L VALDIVIAE / M INERMIS / 

G BOMPLANDII / M FAMELICA / P LIPPULA C PICTETI / CHIROTEUTHIS / 

BRACHIOTEUTHIS / 0 NIELSENI / C SIRVENTI / D LACNIOSA / C SICULUS / 

0 COMPACTA / HISTIOTEUTHIS / H CELETARIA / H DOFLEINI / ENOPLOTEUTHIS / 

T ALESSANDRINII 

Reproductive processes were linked 
55 

YOUNG, R. E., E. M. Kampa, S. D. Maynard, F. M. Mencher, and C. F. E. Roper. 

1980. Counterillumination and the upper depth limits of midwater 

animal s. Deep-sea Research 27A:671-691. 

Investigation of counterillumination in three mesopelagic squids and one 

myctophid fish. Counterillumination responses occurred under an upper 

limit of light intensity. Intensity limits were correlated with moonlit 

night and day illumination, at depth, and with trawl survey data. 

Counteri 11 umi nati on was thought to be a conceal ment behavior at upper 

depth 1 imi ts. 

*6 YOUNG R E / KAMPA E M / MAYNARD S D / MENCHER F M / ROPER C F E / TRAWL / 

VERTICAL / PACIFIC / ABRALIOPSIS / P GIARDI 

ZUEV, G. V., and K. N. Nesis. 1971. Squid biology and fishing. [Kal'mary 

(bi ol ogiya i promysel )I. Pi shchevaya Promyshl ennost', Moscow. 360 pp. 

Translated from Russian. Available from: Language Services Branch, 

National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, D.C. 

*2 

Comprehensive work covering squid resources, based on a survey of 

worl dwide 1 i terature and the authors' own data. Topics covered include 

form and structure, growth and reproduction, feeding, distribution, 

biological review by major genera and species, and fishing methods and 

production. 

ZUEV G V / NESIS K N / PACIFIC / INDIAN / ATLANTIC / ANTARCTIC / 

EASTPACIFIC / ETP / DISTRIBUTION / SEASONAL / VERTICAL / REPRODUCTION / 

GROWTH / NET / GILLNET / LIGHTS / JIGGING / TRAWL / FEEDING HABITS / FISH 

MARINE MAMMALS / SQUID DIET / WORLDWIDE / SEABIRDS / MIGRATION / 

PARASITE / FISHING 

ZUEV, G. V., K. N. Nesis, and Ch. M. Nigamatullin. 1975. Systematics and 

evolution of the squid genera Ommastre hes and Symplectoteuthi s 

(Cephal opoda, Ommastrephi dae). d 54(1D1:1468 - 1419. 

Presentation of characteristics of some ommastrephid squids, and some 

suggestions re1 ated to thei r taxonomic positions. In Russian wi th 

English summary. 

H PELAGICA / 0 BARTRAMII / S PTEROPUS / S OUALANIENSIS / D GIGAS / 

ORNITHOTEUTHIS / DISTRIBUTION 

*2 ZUEV G V / NESIS K N / NIGAMATULLIN CH M / WORLDWIDE / E LUMINOSA / 
56 

TAXA INDEX 

References are listed by broad taxonomic groups. Literature may deal with 

either one of the species listed or a broader taxa (genus, family, or order). 

TEUTHOIDEA 

Archi teuthi dae: 

Archi teuthi s 

Anonymous 1982a Morejohn et al. 1978 

Belyayev 1962 Packard 1972 

Clarke 1962, 1980 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 Sasaki M. 1929 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Roper et al. 1969 

Bathyteuthidae: 

Bathyteuthis abyssicola, - B. bacidifera, - B. berryi , Benthoteuthis 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Herring 1977 

Hoyle 1904 

King and Iversen 1962 

Nesis 1973a 

Okutani 1974 

Brachi oteuthi dae: 

Brachioteuthi s ri i sei 

Iversen 1962 

King and Iversen 1962 

Nesis 1973a 

Robson 1948 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Voss 1971 

Young 1972 

Okutani 1974 

Roper et al. 1969 

Young 1978 

Chi roteu th i dae : 

Chiroteuthis calyx, C. imperator, C. picteti , C. veranyi, Doratopsis, 

PlanktoteuthispulZ, Val byteuthE -- danae, V.obligobessa 

Clarke 1962, 1980 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Fiscus 1982 

Fi scus and Mercer 1982 

Harris 1973 

Kawakami 1980 

King and Iversen 1962 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Pearcy 1965 

Perrin et al. 1973 

Robson 1948 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Voss 1971 

Walker 1981 

Young 1972, 1978 
57 

Cranchi i dae: 

Bathothauma lyromma, Corynomma, Cranchia scabra, Crystal 1 oteuthi s, 

DesmoteuthisJJFE5”elia danae, Galiteuthis armata, G. pacifica, G. phyllura, 

Re1 i ocranchi a beebei , H. -fefferi, Leachi a 

globula, L. intermed!a, L. r&L. valdiviae 

-rami a abbysicolz blesonychoteumi s hami 1 toAi*psi s fi sheri , Sandalops melancholicus, Teuthowenia, Taonidi urn chuni , Taoni s mega1 om - 

pavo 

- 

.Ti sl ocata, L7 -+-+ eschschol tzi , L.(Euzygaena, -5- yrgo s‘im L7u-i oFanchi a 

o igo srschneehagenii, 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1982a 

Belyayev 1962 

Blackburn 1968 

Clarke 1962, 1966, 1980 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Herring 1977 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Hoyle 1904 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Kawakami 1980 

King and Ikehara 1956 

King and Iversen 1962 

Ctenopterygi dae: 

Ctenopteryx siculus 

Blackburn 1968 

Hess and Toll 1981 

King and Iversen 1962 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Okutani 1974 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1972, 1973a, 1978 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Pinkas 1971 

Robson 1948 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Voss 1971 

Walker 1981 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1972, 1975a, 1977, 1978 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Packard 1972 

Roper et al. 1969 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1978 

Cycl oteuthi dae: 

Cycl oteuthi s si rventi , Ui scoteuthi s discus, - D. 1 acniosa 

Clarke 1980 

Kawakami 1980 

Nesis 1973a 

Roper et al. 1969 

Young 1978 

Enoploteuthi dae: 

Abralia andamanica, A. astrosticta, A. veranyi, Abralio sis affinis, A. falco, 

gemmata, P. giardi, Prmicrolampas, Pyroteuthis addolux, - P. magaritifera, 

ThelotGtmessandri ni i , Wataseni a 

ms, -- - A. hoylei ,T. morrisii, AnETstroCheiros + esueuri , motKtr 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1982a 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 
58 

Enoploteuthidae (continued): 

Blackburn 1968 

Clarke 1966, 1980 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Fiscus 1982 

Hanlon et a1 . 1979 

Harris 1973 

Herring 1977 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Hoyle 1904 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Kawakami 1980 

King and Ikehara 1956 

King and Iversen 1962 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

McGowan 1967 

McGowan and Okutani 1968 

McHugh 1952 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Perrin et al. 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Robson 1948 

Roper et al. 1969 

Sasaki. 1929 

Shomura and Hida 1965 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Voss 1971 

Walker 1981 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1972, 1977, 1978 

Young et al. 1980 

Gonati dae: 

Berryteuthi s magister, Gonatopsis borealis, Gonatus anonychus, G. antarcticus, & erryi, G. californiensis, - G. fabricii, - GTEdXai, G. magister, -- 

G. onyx, Eyros - 

-- 

Anonymous 1982a 

Belyayev 1962 

Bernard 1980 

Berzin 1971 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

Clarke et al. 1976 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Clarke and MacLeod 19&0 

Uawe 1981 

Fiscus 1982 

Fiscus and Mercer 1982 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

Kawakami 1976, 1980 

Kawamura 1980 

Kri stensen 1980 

Grimalditeuthidae: 

Grimal di teuthi s bomDl andi i 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

blatsumoto 1982 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Nesis 1971, 1972, 1973a, 1973b 

Okutani 1977 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Pearcy 1965 

Pinkas 1971 

Rice 1963 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Wolff 1982b 

Young 1972 

Roper et al. 1969 Young 1972, 1978 
59 

Hi sti oteuthi dae: 

Calliteuthis meleagroteuthis, C. reversa, Histioteuthis bonnellii, H. 

celetaria, H. cookiana, H. corza cerasina, H. dofleini, H. heteropsis, H. 

meleagroteu't7ii'sY - H. reversamiothauma oczni, Meleagrzeuthis heteroiEis, 

M. holyei 

- 

- 

Anonymous 1982a 

Belyayev 1962 Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Blackburn 1968 Okutani 1974 

Clarke 1962, 1980 Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 Packard 1972 

Clarke et al. 1976 Pearcy 1965 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 Perrin et al. 1973 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 Robson 1948 

Harris 1973 Roper et al. 1969 

Herring 1977 Roper and Young 1975 

Hess and Toll 1981 Sasaki 1929 

Hoyle 1904 voss 1971 

Iverson 1971 Walker 1981 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 Wolff 1982b 

Kawakami 1976, 1981 

King and Iversen 1962 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Young 1972, 1977, 1978 

Lepidoteuthidae (Phol idoteuthidae): 

Lepidoteuthi s, Phol idoteuthi s adami , Tetronychoteuthi s massyae 

Anonymous 1982a 

Clarke 1980 

Harris 1973 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Lo1 i gi ni dae: 

Doryteuthis bleekeri, Loligo brasiliensis, 

L. plei, L. vulgaris, G"I-0 sis diomedea, 

C panaKnsis,epioteut __Tie_ is australis, 

Gssoniana 

Kawakami 1980 

Matsumoto 1982 

Roper et al. 1969 

L. gahi, L. opalescens, L. pealei, 

T.ch-iroctes, Lo1 1 i guncijl-abrev-is, 

3. - bilineata, 1 S. sepoid-. - 

Ally and Keck 1978 

A1 verson 1963 

Amaral and Carr 1980 

Anonymous 1980, 1981, 1982a 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Bernard 1980 

Berry 1912 

Blott 1980 

Bo1 etzky 1977 

Calliet et al. 1979 

Christofferson et al. 1978 

Clark and Brown 1979 

Clarke 1962 

Court 1980 

Oawe 1981 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Engel 1975 

Evans 1975 

FA0 1982 

Fields 1965 

Filippova 1971 

Fiscus 1982 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Grieb and Beeman 1978 

Hanlon et al. 1979 

Herring 1977 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Hoyle 1904 

Huey 1930 

Hurley 1978 
60 

Lo1 iginidae (continued): 

Iversen 1562 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Juanico 1980, 1982 

Karpov and Calliet 1978, 1979 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kashiwada et al. 1979 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

King and Ikehara 1956 

Knipe and Beeman 1978 

Koyama 1975 

Lange 1980 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Laughlin and Livingston 1982 

Matsui et al. 1972 

Matsumoto 1982 

McGowan 1954, 1967 

McHugh 1952 

McInnis and Broenkow 1978 

Mearns et al. 1981 

Mesnil 1977 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1973a, 1978 

Okutani 1977 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

01 iphant 1971 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Pinkas 1971 

Roper et al. 1969 

Sasaki 1929 

Sat0 1975b 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

Spratt 1978, 1979 

Squire 1983 

Squires et al. 1971 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Vaughan 1978 

Vaughan and Recksiek 1978, 1979 

Voss 1971, 1973 

Waldron and King 1963 

Walker 1981 

Whi taker 1980 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Masti goteuthi dae: 

Mastigoteuthis dentata, - M. famelica, - M. inermis, - M. pyrodes 

Anonymous 1982a Nesis 1973a 

Clarke 1980 Okutani 1974 

Clarke and Tri llmich 1980 Robson 1948 

Hoyle 1504 Roper et al. 1569 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 Voss 1971 

King and Iversen 1962 Young 1972, 1978 

Hoper and Young 1975 

Neoteuthi dae: 

Neoteuthi s 

Okutani 1974 

Roper et al. 1969 

Young 1972 

Octopoteuthi dae (Octopodoteuthidae): 

Octopoteuthi s (Octopodoteuthi s) del etron, Tani ngia danae 

Anonymous 1982a 

Belyayev 1962 

Blackburn 1968 

Clarke 1962, 1980 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Fiscus 1982 

Harris 1973 

herring 1977 

Kawakami 1980 

King and Iversen 1962 
61 

Octopoteuthi dae (continued) : 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Morejohn et al. 1978 Walker 1981 

Okutani 1974 Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Young 1972 

Ommastrephidae: 

Kcaroli, 

- 1 sagi ttatus , lodaropsi s ebl anae 

A1 verson 1963 Harris 1973 

Anonymous 1980, 1981 Herring 1977 

1982a, 1982b Hess and Toll 1981 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Balch et al. 1978 Hurley and Waldron 1978 

Bernard 1980 

Bernard 1981 Iversen 1962 

Berry 1912, 1914 Iverson 1971 

Berzin 1971 Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

B1 ackburn 1968 

Blunt 1960 Research Center 1978 

Bo1 etzky 1977 Juanico 1980 

Burukovski et al. 1977 Juhl 1955 

Clark and Brown 1979 Kawakami 1976, 1980 

Clarke 1962, 1965, 1966, 1980 Kawamura 1980 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 King and Ikehara 1956 

Clarke et al. 1976 King and Iversen 1962 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 Klett Traulsen 1981, 1982 

Clarke and Trillmich 1980 Korzun et al. 1979 

Court 19b0 Kubodera and Yoshida 1981 

Dawe 1981 Lange 1980 

Dewees and Price 1983 Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Fields and Gauley 1972 Lee 1981 

Filippova 1971 Lipi nski and Wrzesi nski 1982 

Fiscus 1982 Long and Rathjen 1980 

Fi scus and Mercer 1982 Lu and Dunning 1982 

Flores et a1 . 1978 Matsumoto 1982 

Gaevskaya 1976, 1977 McHugh 1952 

Gaevskaya and Nigamatullin 1976 Mearns et al. 1981 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 Mercer 1975 

Hamabe et al. 1975 Mesnil 1977 

Hanlon et a1 . 1979 Morejohn et al. 1978 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Hoyle 1904 

Hurley and Beck 1979 

Japan Marine Fi shery Resource 
62 

Ommastrephidae (continued): 

Murakami et al. 1981 

Nesis 1970, 1972 

Ogura 1976 

Ogura and Nasumi 1976 

Okutani 1977 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Packard 1972 

Perrin et a1 . 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Rathjen and Stanley 1982 

Rau et al. 1983 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Robson 1948 

Roe1 eve1 d 1982 

Roper et al. 1969 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

1973a, 1977a, 1978 

Onychoteuthi dae: 

Shevtsova et al. 1977, 1979 

Shibata and Flores 1972 

Shomura and Hida 1965 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

Suzuki 1963 

Suzuki 1975 

Suzuki et al. 1974 

Tung 1976, 1981 

Voss 1971, 1973 

Waldron and King 1963 

Walker 1981 

Whi taker 1980 

Wol ff and Wormuth 1979 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Yajima and Mitsugi 1975 

Young 1972, 1975b 

Zuev et al. 1975 

Kondakovia, Moroteuthis robusta, On: choteuthis banksii, - 0. borealijaponici 

- D. compacta, Onykia carrm 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1982a 

Bernard 1980 

Berry 1914 

Berzin 1971 

Blackburn 1968 

Clarke 1962, 1966, 1980 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and Trillmich 1980 

Evans 1975 

Fiscus 1982 

Fi scus and Mercer 1982 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Harris 1973 

tierring 1977 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Hochberg 1974 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Hoyle 1904 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

Kawakami 1976, 1980 

Kawamura 1980 

King and Ikehara 1956 

King and Iversen 1962 

Matsumoto 1982 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Okutani 1974, 1977 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Perrin et a1 . 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Rice 1963 

Kobson 1948 

Roper et al. 1969 

Sasaki 1929 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Voss 1971 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1972, 1978 
63 

P sy c h rot eu t h i dae : 

Psychroteuthi s 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Kawakami 1980 

Thysanoteuthi dae: 

Thysanoteuthi s rhombus 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1982a 

Clarke 1962 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Roper et al. 1969 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Okutani 1977 

Roper et al. 1969 

Sasaki 1929 

OCTOPODA (Argonau ti dae, Octopodi dae ) 

A110 sis mollis, Am hitretus pelagicus, Argonauta bott eri 

dove +--ti- one cirr osa, tledonella pygmaea, -+&f ape e lad-na, J. 

&o;mculatus, 0. briareusC).maorum, 0. vulgaris, Ovthoe 

tuberculata, remoctopus gracilE, 11 tre1edonel-I-a WdiA. hians, 

Alvarifio and Hunter 1981 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1981, 1982a 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Belyayev 1962 

Berry 1912, 1914 

Berzin 1971 

Bo1 etzky 1977 

Caddy 1981 

Clarke 1962, 1980 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

FA0 1982 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Fiscus 1982 

Fi scus and Mercer 1982 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Hoyle 1904 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson 1971 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

Kawakami 1980 

King and Ikehara 1956 

Koyama 1975 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

McGowan 1967 

McHugh 1952 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Perrin et al. 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Rice 1963 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Voss 1971 

Waldron and King 1963 

Walker 1981 

Young 1972, 1978 
64 

VAMPYROMORPHA 

Vampyroteuthi s i nfernal is 

Clarke 1980 Kawakami 1980 

Clarke et al. 1976 Nesis 1973a 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 Pearcy 1965 

Iverson 1971 Young 1972, 1978 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

SEPIOIOEA ( I dosepi i dae, Sepi i dae, Sepi ol i dae) 

Heteroteuthi s hawai iensi s, Rossi a pacifica, Sepia officinal is 

Anonymous 1981, 1982a 

Bo1 etzky 1977 

Caddy 1981 

Clarke 1962 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

FA0 1982 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

King and Ikehara 1956 

Koyama 1975 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Sasaki 1929 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1977, 1978 
65 

SUBJECT INDEX 

ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES 

Amos and DeMello 1982 

Bernard 1980 

Blackburn and Thorne 1974 

Burczynski 1982 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Greenblatt 1981, 1982 

Greenl aw 1979 

Kanci ruk 1982 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Kawaguchi and Nazumi 1972 

Love 1971 

AGE DETERMINATION 

Dawe 1981 

Hurley and Beck 1979 

Matsui and Kaneko 1972 

Penrose and Kaye 1979 

Pieper 1979 

Shibata and Flores 1972 

Shibata and Masthawee 1980 

Suzuki 1975 

Suzuki et al. 1974 

Vaughan 1978 

Vaughan and Recksiek 1978, 1979 

Wawrowski 1981 

Kri stensen 1980 

Spratt 1978, 1979 

AIRPLANE 

Squire 1983 

ANTARCTIC 

Beddington and May 1980 

Berzin 1971 Kawakami 1980 

Clarke 1966, 1972, 1977, 1980 Kawamura 1980 

Clarke et al. 1980 Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Filippova 1971 

ARCT IC 

Clarke 1966 

ASSESSMENT (sampl i ng populations and determi ni ng abundances) 

. Anonymous 1981 Juanico 1982 

Anonymous 1982a Kawaguchi and Nazumi 1972 

Arnold 1979 King and Iversen 1962 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 Kubodera and Yoshida 1981 

Balch et a1 . 1978 Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Belyayev 1962 Lange 1980 

Blackburn 1968 Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Blackburn et al. 1970 Laugh1 i n and Li vi ngston 1982 

Blackburn and Thorne 1974 Long and Rathjen 1980 

Burczynski 1982 Love 1971 

Calliet et a1 . 1979 Matsumoto 1982 

Clark and Brown 1979 Mercer 1975, 1981 

Clarke 1977, 1981 Mesnil 1577 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 Nesis 1977a 

FA0 1982 Okutani 1977 

Greenbl att 1981, 1982 Okutani and McGowan 1967 

Greenl aw 1979 Pearcy 1965 

Hurley and Waldron 1978 Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Japan Marine Fisheries Resource Pieper 1979 

Research Center 197& Roper 1977 
66 

ASSESSMENT (continued) 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

Squire 1983 Vaughan and Recksiek 1978, 1979 

Squires and Barragan 1979 Wawrowski 1981 

Suzuki 1963, 1975 Whi taker 1980 

Suzuki et al. 1974 

Vaughan 1978 

ATLANTIC OCEAN 

Arnold 1979 

Balch et al. 1978 

Berzin 1971 

Caddy 1981 

Clark and Brown 1979 

Clarke 1966, 1972, 1977, 1980 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Clarke et al. 1980, 1981 

Court 1980 

Dawe 1981 

Engel 1975 

FA0 1982 

Filippova 1971 

Gaevskaya 1976, 1977 

Gaevskaya and Ni gamatul 1 i n 1976 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Hanlon et a1 . 1979 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Hurley and Beck 1979 

Hurley and Waldron 1978 

Juanico 1980, 1982 

Kawakami 1980 

Kawamura 1980 

Korzun et al. 1979 

CAMERA 

Clarke 1966 

Shibata and Flores 1972 

COMMERCIAL FISHING 

Anonymous 1980, 1982b, 1983 

Arnold 1979 

Balch et al. 1978 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Caddy 1981 

Court 1980 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Engel 1975 

Flores 1972, 1982 

Hamabe et al. 1975, 1982 

D I PNET 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Voss 1971 

Koyama 1975 

Kri stensen 1980 

Lange 1980 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Laugh1 in and Li vi ngston 1982 

Lipinski and Wrzesinski 1982 

Long and Rathjen 1980 

Matsumoto 1982 

Mercer 1975 

Mesnil 1977 

Nesis 1978 

Okutani 1977 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Rathjen and Stanley 1982 

Robson 1948 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Shevtsova 1979 

Shevtsova et al. 1977 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

Voss 1973 

Whi taker 1980 

Wolff and Wormuth 1979 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Hurley 1978 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Klett Traulsen 1981, 1982 

Koyama 1975 

Matsumoto 1982 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Tung 1981 

Voss 1973 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 
67 

DISTRIBUTION (REGIONAL) 

A1 vari n"o and Hunter 1981 

Anonymous 1982b 

Arnold 1979 

Balch et a1 . 1978 

Belyayev 1962 

Bernard 1981 

Berry 1914 

81 ackburn 1968 

Blackburn et al. 1970, 1972 

Cal liet et a1 . 1979 

Clarke 1966, 1972, 1980 

Fields 1965 

Fi 1 i ppova 1971 

Gaevskaya and Nigamatullin 1976 

Hurley 1978 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

King and Iversen 1962 

Klett Traulsen 1981, 1982 

Korzun et al. 1979 

DISTRIBUTION (SEASONAL) 

Anonymous 1982b 

Arnold 1979 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

B1 ackburn 1968 

Blackburn et a1 . 1970 

Calliet et al. 1979 

Clarke 1966, 1980 

DISTRIBUTION (VERTICAL) 

Arnold 1979 

Clarke 1966 

Nesis 1972, 1973a, 1977a 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Pieper 1979 

Roper and Young 1975 

DREOGE 

Belyayev 1962 

EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN 

Ally et al. 1978 

A1 variiio and Hunter 1981 

Anonymous 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Belyayev 1962 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Bernard 1980 

Bernard 1981 

Berry 1912 

Berzin 1971 

Calliet et al. 1979 

Christofferson et al. 1978 

McGowan 1967 

McInnis and Broenkow 1978 

Nesis 1972, 1973a, 1973b 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Sasaki 1929 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Squire 1983 

Suzuki 1963 

Voss 1971 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1972, 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Zuev et al. 1975 

1977a, 1977b, 1978 

Fields 1965 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Murakami et al. 1981 

Pearcy 1965 

Whi taker 1980 

Young 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Suzuki et al. 1974 

Voss 1967, 1971 

Yananioto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1975a, 1975b, 1977, 1978 

Young et al. 1980 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Clarke 1966, 1977 

Clarke et al. 1976 

Clarke and MacLeod 1980 

Dawe 1981 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Evans 1975 

FA0 1979 

Fields 1965 

Filippova 1971 

Fiscus 1982 

Fiscus and Mercer 1982 

Greenblatt 1981, 1982 
68 

EASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN (continued) 

Grieb 1978 

Hochberg 1974 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

Huey 1930 

Iverson 1971 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

Juanico 1980 

Karpov and Calliet 1978, 1979 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kashiwada et al. 1979 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Knipe and Beeman 1978 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Matsumoto 1982 

McGowan 1954, 1967 

McGowan and Okutani 1968 

McHugh 1952 

McInni s and Broenkow 1978 

Mearns et al. 1981 

Mercer 1981 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN 

A1 verson 1963 

Anonymous 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Bernard 1981 

Berzin 1971 

Blackburn 1968 

Blackburn et a1 . 1970 

Blackburn and Laurs 1972 

Blunt 1960 

Clarke 1966 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and Trillmich 1980 

FA0 1979 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Filippova 1971 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Harris 1973 

Hoyle 1904 

Juanico 1980 

Juhl 1955 

King and Iversen 1962 

Klett Traulsen 1981 

Korzun et al. 1979 

Nesis 1972, 1973a 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Oliphant 1971 

Pearcy 1965 

Pieper 1979 

Pinkas 1971 

Rau et al. 1983 

Rice 1963 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Spratt 1978, 1979 

Squire, 1983 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Vaughan and Recksiek 1978, 1979 

Voss 1973 

Walker 1981 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Young 1972 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

Lee 1981 

McGowan 1967 

McGowan and Okutani 1968 

Mearns 1981 

Nesis 1970, 1972, 1973a, 1978 

Okutani 1974, 1977 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Olson 1982 

Perrin et a1 . 1973 

Rau et al. 1983 

Robson 1948 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Squires et a1 . 1971 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Volkov and Moroz 1977 

Voss 1971 

Voss 1973 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Wormuth 1971 

Wormuth 1975 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 
69 

FEEDING HABITS (FISH) 

A1 verson 1963 

Arnold 1979 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Beddington and May 1982 

B1 ackburn 1968 

Blackburn and Laurs 1972 

Blunt 1960 

Clarke 1966, 1977, 1981 

Clarke and Stevens 1974 

Cohen et al. 1981 

Coleman and Hobday 1982 

Fields 1965 

Gaevskaya and Ni gamatul 1 i n 1976 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Iversen 1962 

Iverson 1971 

Juhl 1955 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

King and Ikehara 1956 

FEEDING HABITS (MARINE MAMMALS) 

Arnold 1979 

Beddington and May 1980, 1982 

Belyayev 1962 

Berzin 1971 

Clarke 1966, 1972, 1977 

Clarke and Kristensen 1980 

Clarke et a1 . 1980 

Clarke and MacLeod 1980 

1982a, 1982b 

Clarke and Trillmich 1980 

Evans 1975 

FA0 1979 

Fields 1965 

Fiscus 1982 

Gaevskaya and Ni gamatul 1 i n 1976 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Huey 1930 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

1980, 1981 

FEEDING HABITS (SEABIRDS) 

Anonymous 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Beddington and May 1982 

Clarke 1966, 1977, 1981 

Clarke and Trillmich 1980 

Clarke and Prince 1981 

King and Iversen 1962 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

McHugh 1952 

Mearns et al. 1981 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1970 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Oliphant 1971 

Olson 1982 

Packard 1972 

Pearcy 1965 

Perrin et al. 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Rau et al. 1983 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Waldron and King 1963 

Wol ff 1982b 

Young 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Kawakami 1976, 1980 

Kawamura 1971, 1980 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Lipinski and Wrzesinski 1982 

May et al. 1979 

Mearns et al. 1981 

Mercer 1975 

Mercer 1981 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Nesis 1970 

Rau et al. 1963 

Rice 1963 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Shomura and Hida 1965 

Stroud et al. 1981 

Yolkov and Moroz 1977 

Walker 1981 

Wolff 1982b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Harris 1973 

Lipi nski and Wrresi nski 1982 

Mercer 1981 

Morejohn et al. 1978 

Okutani and Tung 1976 

Schreiber and Hensley 1976 

Young 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 
70 

FEEDING HABITS (SQUID DIET) 

Arnold 1979 

Beddington and May 1980 

Beddington and May 1982 

Bo1 etzky 1977 

Clarke 1966, 1981 

Fields 1965 

Gaevskaya 1977 

Gaevskaya and Nigamatull in 1976 

Hochberg 1974 

Japan Marine Fishery Resource 

Research Center 1978 

Karpov and Calliet 1978, 1979 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Laughlin and Livingston 1982 

GILLNET 

Anonymous 1980, 1961, 1982a 

Bernard 1980, 1981 

Court 1980 

1982b, 1983 

GROWTH 

Arnold 1979 

Clarke 1966 

Dawe 1981 

FA0 1982 

Fields 1965 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Hurley and Beck 1979 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Kri stensen 1980 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Lange 1980 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Lee 1981 

IDENTIFICATION 

Balch et al. 1978 

Bernard 1980 

Berry 1912, 1914 

Clarke 1962 

Clarke et a1 . 1976 

Clarke and MacLeod 1980 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Herring 1977 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Iverson and Pinkas 1971 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

Lu and Dunning 1982 

McGowan and Okutani 1968 

Lipinski and Wrzesinski 1982 

May et al. 1979 

Mearns et al. 1981 

Nesis 1970 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Packard 1972 

Rau et al. 1983 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Suzuki 1963 

Tung 1976, 1981 

Voss 1967 

Walker 1981 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Young 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Fi scus and Mercer 1982 

Iversen 1962 

Kubodera and Yoshida 1981 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

McGowan 1954 

Mesnil 1977 

Murakami et al. 1981 

Nesis 1970, 1977a 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Packard 1972 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

Spratt 1978, 1979 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Whi taker 1980 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Nesis 1970, 1982 

Okutani 1974, 1980 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Roelevel d 1982 

Roper et al. 1969 

Sasaki 1929 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

To1 1 1982 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Wolff and Wormuth 1979 

Worrnuth 1971, 1975 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1972 
71 

INDIAN OCEAN 

Beddington and May 1982 

Belyayev 1962 

Berzin 1971 

Clarke 1966, 1977, 1980 

Filippova 1971 

Hess and Toll 1981 

Kawakami 1980 

Kawamura 1980 

Korzun et al. 1979 

JIGGING FOR SQUIDS 

Ally and Keck 1978 

Amaral and Carr 1980 

Anonymous 1980, 1981, 1982a 

1982b, 1983 

Arnold 1979 

Balch et a1 . 1978 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Bernard 1980 

Court 1980 

Flores 1972, 1982 

Flores et a1 . 1978 

Hamabe et al. 1975, 1982 

Igarashi and Mikami 1978 

Japan Marine Fi shery Resource 

Research Center 1978 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

LIGHTS FOR ATTRACTING SQUIDS 

Amaral and Carr 1980 

Anonymous 1980, 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Bernard 1980 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Flores 1982 

Hamabe et al. 1975, 1982 

Hanlon et a1 . 1979 

Japan Marine Fishery Resource 

Research Center 1978 

MEDITERRANEAN SEA 

Arnold 1979 

Clarke 1966 

Hess and Toll 1981 

MI GRAT I ON 

Bernard 1981 

Clarke 1972 

Clarke et a1 . 1980 

Filippova 1971 

Okutani 1977 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Roper and Young 1975 

Sasaki 1929 

Shevtsova et al. 1979 

Voss 1973 

Young 1975b 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Klett Traulsen 1981, 1982 

Lee 1981 

Lipinski and Wrzesinski 1982 

Long and Rathjen 1980 

Matsumoto 1982 

Mercer 1975 

Nesis 1970, 1972, 1977a 

Ogura 1976 

Ogura and Nasumi 1976 

Okutani 1977 

Rathjen and Stanley 1982 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Shibata and Flores 1972 

Suzuki 1963 

Suzuki et al. 1974 

Yajima and Mitsugi 1975 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Lipinski and Wrzesinski 1982 

Long and Rathjen 1980 

Nesis 1977a 

Ogura and Nasumi 1976 

Rathjen and Stanley 1982 

Robson 1948 

Voss 1971 

Yajima and Mitsugi 1975 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Roper and Young 1975 

Voss 1973 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Murakami et al. 1981 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 
72 

MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND POPULATION DYNAMICS 

Balch et al. 1978 

Beddington and May 1980 

Cohen et al. 1981 

FA0 1982 

Hurley and Waldron 1978 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

Lange 1980 

MORPHOMETRICS 

Clarke 1962, 1980 

Clarke et a1 . 1980 

Fields 1965 

Fields and Gauley 1972 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kashiwada et al. 1979 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Lee 1981 

NETS 

Ally and Keck 1978 

Amaral and Carr 1980 

Arnold 1979 

Bernard 1980 

Blackburn 1968 

Blackburn et al. 1970 

Blackburn and Thorne 1974 

Clarke 1966, 1977 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Greenblatt 1981 

Japan Mari ne Fishery Resource 

Research Center 1978 

PACIFIC OCEAN 

Anonymous 1980, 1981, 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole 1968 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1967 

Belyayev 1962 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Berry 1914 

Berzin 1971 

Clarke 1966, 1977, 1980 

Clarke and MacLeod 1982a 

Coleman and Hobday 1982 

Court 1980 

Fi 1 i ppova 1971 

Flores 1972 

Gaskin and Cawthorn 1967 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Hess and Toll 1981 

1982b, 1983 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

May et al. 1979 

Mercer 1975 

Mercer 1981 

Okutani 1977 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Sissenwine and Tibbetts 1977 

McGowan and Okutani 1968 

Nesis 1970 

Okutanj and McGowan 1969 

Tung 1981 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Wolff and Wormuth 1979 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Young 1972 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Nesis 1970, 1972, 1977a, 1977b 

Okutani 1974 

Okutani and McGowan 1969 

Pearcy 1965 

Robson 1948 

Voss 1971 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Hoyle 1904 

Iversen 1962 

Japan Marine Fishery Resource 

Research Center 1978 

Kawaguchi and Nazumi 1972 

Kawakami 1976, 1980 

Kawamura 1971, 1980 

King and Ikehara 1956 

King and Iversen 1962 

Korzun et al. 1979 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

Kubodera and Yoshida 1981 

Mercer 1981 

Murakami et al. 1981 

Nesis 1977b 

Okutani 1977 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Reintjes and King 1953 

Roper and Young 1975 
73 

PACIFIC OCEAN (continued) 

Sasaki 1929 

Schreiber and Hensley 1976 

Shevtsova et al. 1977, 1979 

Shomura and Hida 1965 

Suzuki 1963, 1975 

Tung 1976, 1981 

Voss 1973 

Waldron and King 1963 

Clarke 1966 

Fields 1965 

Gaevskaya 1976, 1977 

Gaevskaya and Ni gamatul 1 i n 1976 

Hochberg and Fields 1980 

PARASITE 

PRESERVATION 

Roper and Sweeney In Press 

PUMPS 

Arnold 1979 

Ben-Yami 1976 

Dewees and Price 1983 

PURSE SEINE 

A1 verson 1963 

Calliet et al. 1979 

Dewees and Price 1983 

Flores 1982 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

REPRODUCTION 

Anonymous 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Balch et al. 1978 

Burukovski et al. 1977 

Clarke 1966 

FA0 1982 

Fields 1965 

Grieb and Beeman 1978 

Hamabe et al. 1975 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Knipe and Beeman 1978 

Laevastu and Larkins 1981 

STOCK DETERMINATION 

Ally and Keck 1978 

Christofferson et al. 1978 

Clarke 1965 

FA0 1982 

Wolff 1982a, 1982b 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Yajima and Mitsugi 1975 

Yanamoto and Okutani 1975 

Young 1975a, 1975b, 1977, 1978 

Young et al. 1980 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Okutani and Tung 1976 

Overstreet and Hochberg 1975 

Tung 1976 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Flores 1982 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

Matsumoto 1982 

Olson 1982 

Perrin et al. 1973 

Pinkas 1971 

Waldron and King 1963 

Lange 1980 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Lee 1981 

McGowan 1954 

Mesnil 1977 

Nesis 1970, 1972, 1973a, 1973a 

Okutani and Tung 1978 

Packard 1972 

Sat0 1975a, 1975b 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Young 1975a, 1978 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 

Gaevskaya and Nigamatullin 1976 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Shevtsova et al. 1977, 1979 

TAGGING 

Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center 1978 
74 

TRAWL SURVEYS AND FISHING 

A1 vari n"o and Hunter 1981 

Amos and DeMello 1982 

Anonymous 1980, 1982a 

Arnold 1979 

Ashmole and Ashmole 1968 

Balch et a1 . 1978 

Blott 1980 

Caddy 1981 

Call iet et a1 . 1979 

Clark and Brown 1979 

Clarke 1966, 1977 

Court 1980 

Engel 1975 

Flores 1972 

Hamabe et al. 1975, 1982 

Hurley and Waldron 1978 

Jefferts and Pearcy 1979 

Juanico 1982 

Karpov and Calliet 1978, 1979 

Kashiwada and Recksiek 1978 

Kat0 and Hardwick 1975 

King and Iversen 1962 

Koyama 1975 

Kubodera and Okutani 1981 

Lange and Sissenwine 1980 

Laugh1 in and Li vi ngston 1982 

Matsumoto 1982 

Mercer 1975 

Mercer 1981 

Mesnil 1977 

Nesis 1970, 1972, 1977a, 1977b 

Okutani 1974, 1977 

Pearcy 1965 

Pereiro and Bravo de Laguna 1980 

Robson 1948 

Roper 1977 

Squires et al. 1971 

Squires and Barragan 1979 

Voss 1967, 1971, 1973 

Wawrowski 1981 

Whi taker 1980 

Wormuth 1971, 1975 

Young 1972, 1975a, 1975b, 1977, 1978 

Young et al. 1980 

Zuev and Nesis 1971 
RECENT TECHNICAL MEMORANDUMS 

Copies of this and other NOAA Technical Memorandums are available from the National 

Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22167. Paper copies vary in 

price. Microfishe copies cost $3.50. Recent issues of NOAA Technical memorandums from the 

NMFS Southwest Fisheries Center are listed below: 

NOAA TM-NMFS SWFC 29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

Report of eastern tropical Pacific research vessel marine 

mammal survey, May 15-August 3, 1982. 

R. S. HOLT 

(March 1983) 

Estimating age of spotted and spinner dolphins (Stenella 

atfenuafa and Stenella longirostris) from teeth. 

A. C. MYRICK, JR., A. A. HOHN, P. A. SLOAN, M. KIMURA 

and D. D. STANLEY 

(April 1983) 

Re-estimation of three parameters associated with anchovy 

egg and larval abundance: Temperature dependent incubation 

time, yolk-sac growth rate and egg and larval retention in 

mesh nets. 

N. C. H. LO 

(May 1983) 

“NMFS guidelines on economic valuation of marine 

recreational fishing ” 

D. D. HUPPERT 

(June 1983) 

“Summary of environmental and fishing information on Guam 

and the Northern Mariana Islands: A review of the plankton 

communities and fishery resources of Guam and the 

Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” 

R. N. UCHIDA 

(July 1983) 

“Some data on dolphin mortality in the eastern tropical 

Pacific tuna purse seine fishery prior to 1970.” 

T. D. SMITH and N. C. H. LO 

(July 1983) 

“Precision of age determination of northern offshore spotted 

dolphins.” 

S. 6. REILLY, A. A. HOHN, and A. C. MYRICK, JR. 

(August 1983) 

“Recovery of adult green turtles observed or originally tagged 

at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.” 

G. BALAZS 

(August 1983) 

“Report of the workshop on long-range planning for the 

North Pacific albacore fishery.” 

D. J. MACKETT, Editor 

(November 1983) 

Distribution of four dolphins (Stenella spp. and Delphinus 

delphis) in the eastern tropical Pacific, with an annotated 

catalog of data sources. 

W. F. PERRIN, M. D. SCOTT, G. J. WALKER, F. M. RALSTON 

and D. W. K. AU 

(December 1983)