# Patent

## Title
Method for peer to peer mobile context authentication

## Abstract

The invention is a system and a method for achieving private, personalized, real-time authentication of one or more networked peer users and their mobile or wearable electronic computing devices through holistic contextual verification of the device, location, proximity, knowledge and behavioral attributes for a defined session, event, object or resource access or mutual user and device identity context verification.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/942,989, filed on Feb. 21, 2014, titled “METHOD FOR MOBILE SECURITY CONTEXT AUTHENTICATION”, by inventor Christian J. Hessler, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by this reference.


FIELD OF USE
The present disclosure generally relates to methods and systems for providing network security. In particular, the present disclosure relates to synchronous and asynchronous multi-factor verification of networked peers and their identities and contexts via mobile and wearable electronic computing devices for achieving powerful, private, real-time mutual verification of the authentication context via the dynamic and stateless interrogation of the peer users, devices, wearables, session, server, location, knowledge and behavioral factors.
BACKGROUND
The most commonly understood realm in this field refers to traditional user access from a fixed or mobile electronic computing device (desktop, laptop, mobile, smart phone, tablet, handset, remote control) to a website, application, service, display, server or network utilizing a username and password, cookie, token or single-sign-on to identify the user and then some additional method of verification through a second or third factor, out-of-band (OOB) message, shared secret, physical token, certificate, 2D code scan or near-field communication protocol.
Another area commonly understood in this field is the area of synchronous peer-to-peer communication and interaction between two users from fixed or mobile electronic computing devices via chat, instant message, streaming audio conferencing, streaming video conferencing, gaming, social networking, transmission of resources or data by email, SMS, or FTP.
Another area commonly understood is the asynchronous access or distribution, download, streaming of shared resources between or among two or more users on fixed or mobile electronic computing devices across intermediary cloud storage, social networks, blogs, websites, games, content providers and mobile apps.
Another area commonly understood is the area of payments or the verification of a payment, consumption, download, interaction or approval by or for a user to another user for an asset or access to an asset, across a third party payment system, requiring some level of entitlement or authorization. In any or all of the above, the act of identification or authentication of one or more users, the computing device, the session, the website, application, server, location, asset and/or the context itself, is required.
Another area commonly understood is the area of electronic wearable user authentication whereby a user donning a wearable device with appropriate sensors and communication capabilities can sense, verify and report the authenticity of the wearer to him or herself, a session, another device or a general contextual situation requiring such validation and authenticity for the purposes of allowing or denying physical access, digital access, consummation of a transaction, digital payment, file download, session access, login, file stream, mutual validation of another human and/or machine, access to or operation of an automobile or other equipment, devices, terminals or machines requiring verification for permission to access, engage, interact or operate.
The present invention discloses a new, novel and patentable system and method that offers a superior solution in the field, science, and area of electronic authentication.
One of the problems solved by this new invention is that traditionally, user and mobile device authentication has never addressed the ability for users to authenticate and authorize other users on mobile devices or wearable devices via direct or indirect networked communication or across shared third-party platforms like social networks, email, cloud storage and peer-to-peer e-commerce, streaming media sites, mobile devices, wearable devices, servers or payments without depending upon or requiring third party host cooperation and/or host service security platform interaction. It was either too costly or too cumbersome to scale and be adopted ubiquitously by the marketplace to protect users, sites, devices, and sessions in this manner or lack of commercial permission prevented such capabilities from being possible. Current authentication methods and systems do not meet security challenges modern hackers pose nor do they have the simplicity, usability, seamlessness or privacy demands that mobile users require. Contemporary multi-factor or two-factor solutions fail to recognize and exploit the fact that user security is a fabric, not a thread. They also ignore the fact that user identities belong to users, not sites, and the user must be able to control the security of its privacy and its resources among peer to peer interactions across host platforms. This ignorance of contextual realities among devices, sites, users, apps, and networks in business critical and social environments, as well as the costs and implementation details involved, leaves most solutions and the current references disclosing those solutions woefully unable to meet the authentication security challenges at hand and offer no capabilities for users to verify other users who access or interact with their session, resources, content or identity. Additional methods that attempt to collapse the acts of identification and authentication into a single process inherit the same liabilities as any other single point of failure of federated systems, regardless of the sophistication or novelty of the flow, and still require participation by the third party identity platforms. In addition, no solution provides the ability for peers to independently authenticate each other without the intercession of the host site, service, app or federation. The challenge has been to balance these market needs of real security advancement with innovative usability, privacy, scalability and low cost. The growing market and the growing ecosystem of users, devices, internet-of-things, mobile transactions and general digital trust lies with the crowd, not the cloud.
The ideal achievement or solution would be to design something to simply, accurately, securely, and privately authenticate a context of multiple layers of credentials or factors amongst peers users and devices, a server or service, a network, or a user on a fixed or mobile or wearable device taking into account the location, proximity, relationship or association, behaviors, knowledge or attributes of any or all of the above. The structure of the authentication process may be peer-to-peer, client to server, server-to-server or hybrid architecture. The expectation of, and requirement for, privacy, usability, accuracy, simplicity, and strength is and should be the same in all scenarios.
The challenge is to accomplish this simple, mutual, contextual verification between or among users and their mobile devices without depending upon or exposing the process to the traditional security solution shortcomings, such as: cost, lack of privacy, lack of personal intent or voluntary control or influence, interception, replay, usability, reliance upon the user skill, encryption, obfuscation, information seeding, centralized administration, federated identity assumptions, presentation or combined submission and/or transmission of credentials across known or predictable channels, sequential and discrete inspection and evaluation of isolated credentials, unilateral authoritative decision making about the context result status and compliance, permission or participation from intermediary networks, sites, apps or protocols. Traditionally, discrete and private elements about the user, device or session had to be paired with their meanings (key-value pairs), encrypted and sent to a back-end server for verification against a stored copy of the same credentials—no matter how novel the route they take to process. This legacy capture-and-forward approach inappropriately collapses the independent notions of identification (self-reported) and authentication (externally verified) thus exposing the users' private identity information to capture, replay, prediction, theft or misuse in service of their verification—and is a poor candidate for a robust, socially aware, peer-to-peer solution.
The second challenge is to utilize the mobile or wearable electronic device in a peer to peer security context for what is designed for and capable of: being an interactive extension to and participant within the context of the user, site/app and session authentication. Previous incarnations of “bring your own device” (BYOD) or mobile or wearable device authentication treated the mobile computing device as simply a “capture and forward” apparatus. The device is used to capture, decode and forward on credentials, biometric data, keys or tokens, as opposed to participating in the context in a manner in which it is capable. The previous inventions merely relegated the mobile device to be a camera and a hard-drive, a secure element storing obfuscated keys or simple cookies and forwarding them along to the back-end authoritative server for a standard password lookup and match approach. This new innovation can be termed “authenticated reality”, whereby mobile device is used to interact with the fabric of the user, environment, location, proximity, behavior and real-world context of the session in a manner that securely, privately and easily revolutionizes the traditional authentication process on a user to device, user to user and device to device manner.
The third challenge is to involve the user in a way never before accomplished with respect to their authentication. Previous innovations and security solutions were seen as layers or cumbersome steps in the end-user security flow. Users had to respond to certain challenges, maintain custody of bespoke hardware or software credentials, tokens, keys, certificates or select recognizable visual, audible, mathematical or textual components from a number of interfaces and prompts directed by a singular site or per-host security policy. The user has never historically been in control of the complexity, sophistication, application, components, context or essence of their authentication credentials or process, but merely responsible for responding or regurgitating those components or steps at the request of the host website or application. The rise of user-side hacking along with the proliferation mobile and wearable devices and expanding user-to-user interaction online, has resulted in a necessary shift away from host-server side, shared-secret, patriarchal view of authentication security towards a more interactive, user-focused approach. The user must have interactive control of the depth, manner, method, makeup and personalization of their authentication security in a way that is stronger, contextual and more effective than previous techniques, but also simpler, more elegant and highly usable.
The fourth challenge represents the culmination of all of these challenges in creating both a synchronous and asynchronous peer-based multi-factor authentication solution between or amongst end users on mobile devices that affords users the ability to independently identify, authenticate and authorize each other, shared resources, access and identity across yet independent of third party platforms and network systems or identity protocols as an added layer of defense in depth, just as host sites and services have traditionally achieved. This level of control and trust achieved via a simple, seamless, mobile peer authentication mechanism would revolutionize the modern mobile and wearable security space, giving identity power and privacy back to the end users to whom they belong and opening up infinite opportunities to trust, interact, transact and protect an increasing amount of network, social, mobile, app and cloud-based activities, events and capabilities.
A fifth and final challenge involves the Internet of Things (IoT) whereby users can also authenticate and trust other devices, users and wearables on a peer-to-peer level, without intercession, permission or participation from centralized platforms or a sole reliance on federated identity mechanisms to accomplish, authorize or officiate such verification. In a sense, the challenge is to achieve a truly orthogonal, democratized authentication based on dynamic, private and interactive factors as well as digital and physical context verification, in real time, between and among user and device endpoints rather than prescriptive, centralized security policies and enforcement. This fabric of trust may operate alongside, over-and-above or in lieu of existing identity security policy and technology it is meant to supplement, complement or replace from the peer to peer user or device perspective.
The sum total of these challenges has represented the barrier to ubiquity that has never been overcome by prior art. The realization that there is not and has never been a single, successful, ubiquitous approach to interactive user authentication in the field speaks volumes to the shortcomings of prior art, innovations and implementations. There is no obvious and de facto technique adopted in the field of peer-to-peer mobile and wearable multi-factor authentication that simultaneously solves the security, usability and interactivity challenges stated herein.
The solution goal would be to achieve the successful peer-to-peer context verification and authentication of all parties and factors while remaining immune to threats, hacks, interception, replay, compromise, prediction, collusion, false results or any of the process, method or implementation liabilities described above and irrespective of or in addition to the authentication security policies of intermediary sites, networks, platforms or protocols. In addition, the secondary problems being solved are to embrace privacy, usability, achieve potential ubiquity with low-tech or no-tech integration and elevate the user's mobile or wearable device to an interactive member of the authentication algorithm, not just an involuntary, passive scan, ping, push, probe, decode and forward component in the flow, while giving the peer users voluntary and direct additional, personal control over their security via self-selected and “performed” location/behavior/custom factors, independent from and above native platform security requirements.
Although there are many related, relevant references within the field of the present invention, these references tend to fall into a definable set of inadequate approaches dating back to the security notions from the early to mid-20th century. The advent of mobile technology has unleashed a series of new art and innovation that utilizes the mobile sensing, processing and transmission capabilities of the mobile computing devices. Unfortunately, most of the relevant references embody these multi-purpose innovations within stale authentication paradigms, models of shared-secret, security by obscurity and flat, non-context-aware, unidirectional processing, regardless of their out-of-band (OOB) characteristics or flow.
The following is a representative selection of relevant references that are inferior to the present invention, have significant deficiencies, and fail to solve the problems solved by the present invention.












Application/Patent/Serial




Number
Title
Named Inventor







U.S. Pat. No. 8,156,332
Peer-to-Peer Security
Simon, Steven Neil



Authentication Protocol


U.S. Pat. No. 8,510,820
System and method for
Oberheide, Jon; Song,



embedded authentication
Douglas, Goodman, Adam


WO 2000/075760
Authentication to a Service
Haruhiko Sakaguchi, others



Provider
(Sony)


U.S. Pat. No. 7,870,599 B2
Multi-channel device utilizing
Ram Pemmaraju



a centralized out-of-band



authentication system



(COBAS)


U.S. Pat. No. 7,293,284 B1
Codeword enhanced peer-to-
Bartram, Linda



peer authentication
Sawadsky, Nicholas


US 20110283337 A1
Method and system for
Schatzmayr, Rainer



authenticating network nodes



of a peer to peer network


US 2011/0219427 A1
Smart Device User
Hito, Gent



Authentication
Madrid, Tomas Restrepo


August 2010, Journal of
A Novel User Authentication
Kuan-Chieh Liao, Wei-Hsun


Networks, Vol 5, No. 8 (PDF)
Scheme Based on QR Code
Lee


2009 Fifth International Joint
A One-Time Password
Kuan-Chieh Liao, Wei-Hsun


Conference on INC, IMS and
Scheme with QR-Code Based
Lee, others


IDC
on Mobile Phone


http://connectid.blogspot.com/
QR Codes for Two-Factor
Madsen, Paul E.


2005/11/qr-codes-for-two-
Authentication


factor-authentication.html


(2005)


US 2004/0171399 A1
Mobile Communication
Motoyuki, Uchida, others



Terminal, Information



Processing Method, Data



Processing Program, And



Recording Medium


2009 International Conference
QR-TAN: Secure Mobile
Guenther Starnberger, others


on Availability, Reliability
Authentication


and Security


Stanford University Security
Snap2Pass: Consumer
Ben Dodson, Debangsu


Workshop, Apr. 30, 2010
Friendly Challenge-Response
Sengupta, Dan Boeh, Monica


(published)
Authentication with a Phone
S. Lam



(QR)


U.S. Pat. No. 8,181,234 B2 (May 15,
Authentication System in
Natsuki, Ishida (Hitachi)


2012)
Client-Server System And



Authentication Method



Thereof


WO 2004/008683
Automated Network Security
Engler, Haim



System Method


U.S. Pat. No. 8,943,306
Methods, systems, and
Martin, et al.



computer readable media for



designating a security level



for a communications link



between wireless devices


8,942,733
System and method for
Johnson, William



location based exchanges of



data facilitating distributed



location applications









These relevant references have relied upon four primary modes of authentication above username/password, single-sign-on (SSO) or federated peer-to-peer identification:

    
    
        seed and read (store credential, certs on device and reference upon subsequent auth)
        scratch and match (script-based dynamic browser/device recognition, cookies)
        ring and ping (out-of-band, one-time passwords or tokens, shared secrets, PINs)
        sense, decode and forward (QR-code or 2D image, sound or other sensing-based model to capture code, match with seeded credential and forward to back-end server for lookup and match)
    
    


In addition, the prior art has also relied up these traditional yet insufficient methods to approach peer-related authentication functionality:

    
    
        three-party system approaches whereby users trust of other users comes at the behest of the centralized authority to dole and dictate simulated peer-to-peer communication or trust, when the actual verification is merely a mediated experience based on pre-existing policy
        peer-to-peer validation that only functions synchronously, as opposed to asynchronously, and depends solely upon the host site security policies, identity mechanisms and verification capabilities
        peer-to-peer authentication that relies upon pre-trusted, pre-seeded fixed endpoints, or synchronous verification of digital certificates or session sockets, not content
    
    


Specifically the shortcomings of the relevant references listed above fall under these areas:

    
    
        no user control over peer authentication initiation, process or flow
        no peer-to-peer capability for validation, verification and authorization
        no independent, asynchronous authentication capabilities across 3rd party networks
        user reliance upon the host identity mechanisms and policies to trust other users
        no user to initiation of the trust event without host participation or permission
        no ability for a user to independently authenticate another user or users device
        requires out-of-band mechanisms to deliver one-time-codes to yet untrusted devices
    
    


Various embodiments disclosed in the relevant references have failed to adequately resolve the present security needs as evidenced by the ongoing successful security attacks. In addition, the solutions proposed in the relevant references fail to solve the following problems, and which are solved by the present invention, namely:

    
    
        (a) authentication is traditionally shared secret, static, and subject to interception, replay or prediction based on persistent information obfuscated by encryption or session flavoring;
        (b) authentication security is expensive, cumbersome, difficult for users to understand or use;
        (c) authentication relies on obfuscation, encryption, user skill or secrecy to be effective;
        (d) credentials are usually fixed, sequential and single-mass in depth, intelligence and context;
        (e) security information flows backwards, over primary, predictive or known channels such as the browser, together as key-value pairs, towards the unilateral authority in the process;
        (f) authentication decisions rely upon a unilateral observation, interrogation, lookup-match;
        (g) secret data is often delivered over secure OOB channels, only to have the user or device erroneously re-insert that data back over the primary, unsecured channel for verification;
        (h) secret OOB data is often sent to re-establish authentication, but arrives via email or SMS to a device that may be in the wild, compromised but still able to receive such data
        (i) user assumes all risk/responsibility, but has no control over enhancing, modifying, or improving security over and above what the authoritative source requires or allows;
        (j) security requires re-identification or the user, mixing credentials in the channel;
        (k) authentication security is risky when using a mobile device whose integrity is unknown;
        (l) to date, there has been no ubiquitous solution to offer defense-in-depth authentication on top of username/password, single-sign-on (SSO) or federated identity management;
        (m) defense-in-depth is often relegated to additional passwords or secrets;
        (n) wearable solutions represent only store and forward, secure-element based validation;
        (o) the lack of contextual approaches whereby all factors are simultaneously assessed as a composite signature, without revealing the underlying components or data;
        (p) template approaches have been static containers for traditional literal factor gathering; and
        (q) no private, autonomous, asynchronous peer-to-peer verification and authentication mechanisms via mobile devices exist or have been supported by prior art.
    
    


Specifically, solutions proposed in the relevant references attempting peer-to-peer authentication across fixed or mobile devices, namely prior art U.S. Pat. No. 8,156,332 (Simon) and the like, are insufficient due to the following limitations and inferior methods:

    
    
        (a) reliance upon static, embedded credentials on the remote mobile devices;
        (b) reliance upon fixed, known or pre-trusted and registered endpoints;
        (c) lack of peer control to initialize authentication without central host site or service;
        (d) static interrogation of fixed or pre-seeded credentials on devices to achieve authentication; and
        (e) lack of consideration of the power and capability of the peer mobile devices.
    
    


Specifically, solutions proposed in the relevant references using encoded QR (Quick Response) images and mobile device scanning to identify or authenticate a user or device, namely prior art US 2011/0219427 (Hito, Madrid) and the like, are insufficient due to the following limitations and inferior methods:

    
    
        (a) reliance upon heavily encoded, encrypted, or obfuscated content within the image or code;
        (b) reliance upon expensive, static, seeded, embedded credentials on the mobile device;
        (c) reliance on a separate set of those credentials above (b) being deployed, seeded, managed;
        (d) unidirectional flow of object scan to transmit towards the authoritative back end;
        (e) the store-and-forward approach denies the process interaction and richer context;
        (f) the reliance on code encryption requires equal and opposite decryption;
        (g) co-mingling of identity and authentication data provides numerous opportunities hack;
        (h) improper triangulation, interrogation, measurement and interdependent decision making with respect to the source, integrity and status of the authentication context; and
        (i) failure to engage the user, device, session context, location, behavior factors.
    
    


Thus, what is needed is a method and system that overcomes the deficiencies in the systems currently available. This invention solves these problems and represents new, novel and patentable innovation in the space of peer-to-peer authentication on a mobile device.
SUMMARY
To minimize the limitations in the prior art, and to minimize other limitations that will become apparent upon reading and understanding the present specification, the present invention discloses a new and useful method and system for achieving strong, private, definitive and real-time verification and authentication of the context of peer users and electronic computing devices by verifying the context of the users via their mobile or wearable devices, site/session, app, server, location, knowledge and behavioral attributes within a defined session from across a network. The solution innovates a defense-in-depth scenario whereby the invention provides a user initiated and controlled layer of peer-to-peer multi-factor authentication on top of existing native identity management facilities or enforcement. The invention achieves this goal by employing the following four new components:
(1) Real-time, private, mutual context verification from multiple perspectives
(2) Mobile and cloud triangulation of digital and physical location and proximity
(3) Holistic and contextual computation and assessment of underlying authentication factors
(4) User-driven, additive authentication security enhancement, with interactive, personal control
(5) User-initiated verification of other users' authenticity via mobile and wearable devices.
An embodiment of the invention in practice is a user on a mobile device who wishes to authenticate another user on another mobile device, whether via synchronous session connection (chat, stream, email, app to app) or asynchronous access permission to a shared resource (cloud storage file, social network content, commerce event, other access). The first user configures, tags, embeds or initiates the session, content or event, targeted for a specific user or group of users, on a host from their computer or other type of electronic data processing unit device over a browser or app. The second user then responds to the session initiation, receives, encounters or consumes the targeted tagged or embedded content or event on their electronic data processing unit via a browser or an app. The second user consumption or engagement triggers a call to the invention server across a private communication channel with a request to authenticate the second user and the invention server returns an object, such as a hyperlink, textual code, redirect, 2D image or other object, to present back to the user (or another method of delivery) device and invention app for consumption. The invention server also creates two random templates in memory, one for its own processing, and the other for consumption by the second user device. The service presents that link/object back to the second user over the host, app, session or browser channel. The second user, on their device—which is enabled with the invention app—consumes the object, following it to retrieve its template directly, privately, and independently from the invention server over a new discrete third channel, separate from the first connections. The invention server independently and randomly interrogates elements about the session context (host server, link/code object presentation location, user, device, location, any supplied credentials or cloud-stored algorithms about the user behavior, attributes or history) from its perspective and algorithmically fills its template to construct a bespoke, one-time context signature in memory. Simultaneously, the app on the second user device randomly interrogates similar properties of the website, server, device (self), user and session from its perspective and independently populates its template to algorithmically construct a signature potentially correlating or conflicting with its signature counterpart on the server. In addition, if configured and required, the user may “perform” certain behavioral actions like facing north, orienting the mobile in portrait mode or executing a touch or gesture, making a sound or motion, or simply “existing” within certain location or proximity attributes such as nearness to the server display screen, a valid wearable device, another user or users and their authenticated context or another device or fixed location point, that are also interrogated in real-time and further modify the second user signature. Expected performance, location, proximity or other context data from a previous user or device registration event would create feed expected and complementary modification of the algorithm on the invention server side. Regardless of number, composition and depth of the inputs (i.e. a multi-mass signature), the templates and signatures are preferably universally unique and distinct from each other and any other such objects in the past or future. Preferably, the signature is not reused or replayed, only modified by new inputs, attributes and contexts. When completed, both the invention server and the second user device mutually compare their respective one-time signatures over the third private channel, bypassing the site, browser, calling app and other two channels. If they match, the entire context is mutually authenticated and the access us granted. If they fail to match, the mutual context is not authenticated and access is denied. No discrete or literal information or key-value pairs are captured or transmitted; only algorithmically applied to the process on both ends. The invention server informs both users, and optionally the host, of the authentication status and the parties or entitled events proceed appropriately with that knowledge in hand. All session components are destroyed in memory. Nothing persistent is stored, written, read, retrieved or seeded to or from the device during any part of the process, and the peers have been properly authenticated.
The present invention is superior to all relevant references in that its unique approach utilizes:

    
    
        Both synchronous and asynchronous peer-to-peer mobile device user authentication
        User-controlled authentication factor personalization: behavior, location, knowledge
        Algorithmic, template-based contextual fabric verification and authentication
        Mutual bespoke signature verification process and decision across all members
        No reliance upon cookies, certificates, public/private keys, shared secrets, biometrics
        No reliance on out-of-band codes or messages via SMS, email or push technology
        No exposure of seed or factor data, responses, values or meanings
        Triangulated, bi-directional data communication channel flows among parties
        Multi-perspective inspection and interrogation of session factors and contexts
        Automatic, real-time algorithmic processing on the invention server and mobile device; no discrete data or credentials stored, seeded, managed or transmitted
        Dynamic enrollment and authentication across all of a users mobile devices as opposed to device-by-device credential seeding, matching and association
    
    


This invention is not obvious to one skilled in the art because no person or entity has successfully applied or reduced these concepts to practice or applied these notions of authentication separation, triangulation, contextual interrogation and equitable and mutual decision making in a space traditionally constrained by obfuscation, shared-secrecy and authoritative administration and assertion of credentials and verification. The new arena of Web 2.0, 3.0, the cloud, mobile computing, IoT and social interaction has forced an evolution from that thinking in terms of who generates and maintains custody of authentication credentials, which parties (or peers) are seen as requiring, assessing or establishing trust, and the contexts in which greater security is now necessary.
The present invention is new and has never been practiced or discloses in any relevant references. The present invention has taken over five years (c.2010) of cumulative scientific research and development to achieve this new paradigm and reduce it to practice. The entire notion of federated, shared-secret or capture-and-forward authentication had to be discarded for a new, more intelligent and future-proofed way of thinking about security that embraces the realities of peer-to-peer connections, crowd-sourcing, dynamic credentials, disparate authorities and personas, individual behaviors, privacy, mobility and augmented-reality contexts in the social, mobile digital age.
One embodiment may be a computer-based method of authenticating a first user on a primary electronic data processing unit to a second user on a secondary electronic data processing unit, the steps comprising: providing a server, the server comprises a memory; providing the primary electronic data processing unit, the primary electronic data processing unit comprising a first application; providing the secondary electronic data processing unit, the secondary electronic data processing unit comprising a second application; providing an intermediate host, the intermediate host comprising a presentation, the intermediate host is networked with the primary electronic data processing unit and the second electronic data processing unit; initiating a direct connection between the primary electronic data processing unit and the secondary electronic data processing unit; creating, by the first application, one or more tagged resources associated with an authentication request object; sending, by the server, to the secondary electronic data processing unit the one or more tagged resources; presenting the one or more tagged resources to the secondary electronic data processing unit application; creating by the server, a first template and a second template in the memory; processing, by the server, the first template; processing, by the secondary electronic data processing unit, the second template; presenting, by the intermediate host via a second channel, the one or more tagged resources to the secondary electronic data processing unit; retrieving, by the secondary electronic data processing unit, the second template by following the one or more tagged resources, utilizing the secondary electronic data processing unit application to retrieve the second template independently of the server via a third channel, the third channel separate from the second channel; interrogating, by the server, a plurality of first contextual factors; populating, by the server, the first template based on the plurality of first contextual factors; constructing a one-time contextual server signature by the server based on the first template; interrogating, by the secondary electronic data processing unit application, a plurality of second contextual factors from a perspective of the secondary electronic data processing unit; populating, by the secondary electronic data processing unit application, the second template based on the plurality of second contextual factors; constructing, by the secondary electronic data processing unit application, a one-time contextual application signature based on the second template; and responsive to determining, by the server, the one-time contextual application signature matching the one-time contextual server signature: authenticating and granting access to the first user, and responsive to determining, by the server, the one-time contextual application signature failing to match the one-time contextual server signature: denying access to the first user. The direct connection initiated between the primary electronic data processing unit and the secondary electronic data processing unit to trigger the request to authenticate may be a synchronous network session between the primary and secondary electronic data processing units without involving the intermediate host. The step of retrieving by the secondary electronic data processing unit may be enabled via the secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to scan, sense, enter, input, consume or respond to the one or more tagged resources on the secondary electronic data processing unit directly from the server without involving the intermediary host. The step of retrieving by the secondary electronic data processing unit may be enabled via the secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to scan, sense, enter, input, consume or respond to the one or more tagged resources on the intermediate host. The step of receiving by the secondary electronic data processing unit may be enabled via the secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to connect directly with the server via the third channel, engage an active session, and consume and process the required authentication service object without scan, sense, enter, input or response to the one or more tagged resources on the intermediate host. The plurality of first contextual factors and the plurality of second contextual factors each may be selected from the group of contextual factors consisting of: a server, a user, a device, a wearable, a biometric, a location, a proximity, and a supplied credential. The primary electronic data processing unit and the intermediate host each may require an individual and discrete authentication with the secondary electronic data processing unit. The step of receiving by the secondary electronic data processing unit may be enabled via the secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to connect directly with the server via the third channel, engage the synchronous network session, and consume and process the required authentication service object without scan, sense, enter, input or response to the one or more tagged resources on the intermediate host. The plurality of first contextual factors and the plurality of second contextual factors each may be selected from the group of contextual factors consisting of: a server, a user, a device, a wearable, a biometric, a location, a proximity, and a supplied credential. The primary electronic data processing unit and the intermediate host each preferably requiring an individual and discrete authentication with the secondary electronic data processing unit.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the limitations of the prior art.
These, as well as other components, steps, features, objects, benefits, and advantages, will now become clear from a review of the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, the accompanying drawings, and the claims.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings are of illustrative embodiments. They do not illustrate all embodiments. Other embodiments may be used in addition or instead. Details which may be apparent or unnecessary may be omitted to save space or for more effective illustration. Some embodiments may be practiced with additional components or steps and/or without all of the components or steps which are illustrated. When the same numeral appears in different drawings, it refers to the same or like components or steps.
FIG. 1 is a functional flow-block diagram of one embodiment of a real-time, mutual authentication via mobile devices and the service (S1) between two mobile or wearable devices and their respective users whereby one user (U1/D1) challenges another (UN/DN) to authenticate context (CX1) via service (S1) to access shared content (C1) on host presentation (H1/P1), such as social network or file sharing site.
FIG. 2 is a functional flow-block diagram of another embodiment of a real-time, mutual authentication via mobile or wearable devices and the service (S1) between two mobile or wearable devices and their users whereby one user (U1/D1) challenges another (UN/DN) to authenticate context (CX1) via service (S1) to engage in a shared connection (C2) directly between devices, such as app to app, chat, file sharing, streaming, messaging, VOIP, synchronous or asynchronous data sharing, physical access, in-person recognition or real-time API interaction.
FIG. 3 is a functional flow-block diagram of another embodiment of a real-time, mutual authentication via mobile or wearable devices and the service (S1) whereby one host (H1) challenges an end user (U1/D1) to authenticate context (CX1) via service (S1) to access content (C1) presented (P1) directly within the mobile device (D1) inside an app or mobile browser, without a secondary host (H1) as presentation (P1) intermediary to be scanned.
FIG. 4 is a functional flow-block diagram of another embodiment of a real-time, mutual authentication via mobile devices and the service (S1) whereby one host (H1) challenges an end user (U1/D1) to authenticate context (CX1) to access content (C1) presented (P1) while user and device (U1/D1) independently engage the service (S1) to consume, interrogate and authenticate the session context (CX1) to gain access to content (C1) without scanning or connecting to (P1).
FIG. 5 is a functional flow-block diagram of another embodiment of a real-time, mutual authentication via mobile devices and the service (S1) whereby one host (H1) challenges an end user (U1/D1) to authenticate context (CX1) to access content (C1) presented (P1) while user and device (U1/D1) consumes the authentication request object by scanning, sensing or entering into the app on (D1) to engage the service (S1) to authenticate the session context (CX1).
FIG. 6 is an illustration of an example of interrogating default device or wearable (D1) profile factor credentials.
FIG. 7 is an illustration of an example of interrogating device or wearable (D1) or user (S1) challenge and response authentication context credentials, which may be shared or dynamically asserted.
FIG. 8 is an illustration of an example of interrogating device or wearable (D1) and its proximity to another device or wearable (D2) or the presentation (P1) point for purposes of validating session proximity factor credentials.
FIG. 9 is an illustration of an example of interrogating device or wearable (D1) absolute location (L) based on a fixed reference point or geographic boundaries as defined session location factor credentials.
FIG. 10 is an illustration of an example of interrogating user (U1) behavior with respect to device or wearable (D1) orientation manipulation factor credentials during authentication, including absolute or relative orientation, movement or a combination of the two.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of an example of interrogating user (U1) behavior with respect to device or wearable (D1) manual multi-touch or gesture factor credentials during authentication, including fixed touch behavior, movement or gesture, or a combination thereof.
FIG. 12 is an illustration of a general wireframe example of application (A1) state changes on a device or wearable (D1) through the normal authentication flow including: session initiation, rollover or scan to interrogate context factors (CX), status determination and eventual acceptance or rejection.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Lexicon—Reference of Alpha-Numeric Characters















U = user
H = host
S = service, server
C = channel


N = session
P = presentation
T = template
F = factor


X = decision
L = location
B = behavior
O = object


R = registration
D = device/
A = app
Y = algorithm



wearable


K = knowledge
G = gesture
M = touch
Z = proximity









In the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of one or more embodiments of the invention. However, one or more embodiments of the invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, and/or components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of embodiments of the invention.
While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the Drawings, and the detailed descriptions thereof, are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Also, the reference or non-reference to a particular embodiment of the invention shall not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following description, certain terminology is used to describe certain features of one or more embodiments of the invention. For instance, “computer”, “electronic data processing unit”, “invention server”, or “server” refers to any device that processes information with an integrated circuit chip, including without limitation, mainframe computers, work stations, servers, desktop computers, portable computers, laptop computers, embedded computers, wireless devices including cellular phones, personal digital assistants, tables, smart phones, portable game players, wearable devices, embedded technology, IoT devices and hand-held computers. The term “internet” refers to any collection of networks using standard protocols, whether Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, Wi-fi, Token ring, Bluetooth, NFC, acoustic, optical or any combination thereof; and “website” refers to any document written in a mark-up language including, but not limited to, HTML (hypertext mark-up language) or VRML (virtual reality modeling language), dynamic HTML, XML (extended mark-up language), WML, or any other computer languages related thereto, as well as to any collection of such documents reachable through one specific Internet Protocol Address or at one specific World Wide Web site, or any document obtainable through any particular URL (Uniform Resource Locator); and “web page” (or “page”), “website” (or “site”) refers to any of the various documents and resources on the World Wide Web, in HTML/XHTML format with hypertext links to enable navigation from one page or section to another, or similar such resources used on the internet.
The term “factor” refers to any factors, including multi-mass factors, during the main authentication session, including without limitation, personalized authentication context factors or personal factors (e.g., location factors, behavioral factors, biometric factors, knowledge, custom factors, proximity factors); elements or factors of the session context in the perspective of the server (e.g., host server, link/code object presentation location, user, device, location, any supplied credentials or cloud-stored algorithms about the user behavior, attributes or history); elements of the session context in the perspective of the device (e.g., elements of the website, server, device itself, user, and session, wearables and IoT devices); voluntary or involuntary behavioral actions of the user (e.g., facing north, orienting the mobile in portrait mode or executing a gesture, or “exist” within certain location or proximity attributes such as nearness to the server display screen or another device or fixed location point); and external factors such as one or more of an out-of-band personal identification numbers (PIN), passphrase, shared secret data, one-time-password or reused password, delivered via email, short message service (SMS), multimedia service (MMS), voice, physical token, or other human or computer mediated transmission outside of the primary invention communication paths.
The present invention is preferably a peer-to-peer, multi-factor context authentication security method and system that uses one or more servers and one or more electronic computing devices (D) across a network and one or more contextual factors within a defined session to mutually authenticate one or more users (U) in context. One embodiment of the invention occurs when primary user wishes to authenticate one or more secondary user(s) for purposes of trust, authorization or access to a device, site, session, resource, app, payment or physical engagement on a particular server or host. The secondary user may access the entitled resource via a mobile app, server host, website or other connected device over a user channel from his or her mobile device, wearable or other type of electronic data processing unit device through a browser, app or physical proximity and engagement and preferably logs in using a traditional username/password, cookie, token or similar identity request, and/or single-sign-on identification step. The entitled resource on the server (S) or mobile device then preferably contacts the primary user across an alternate method such as a private communication channel with the request to authenticate. Alternatively, the primary user has already tagged or instrumented the entitled resource with said authentication policy, requirements to enable or trigger the authentication request from the simple engagement or access by the secondary user.
In response to either scenario, the requested, entitled resource on the server or mobile device preferably displays or transmits an object, such as a QR code, textual code, code object or hyperlink to the secondary user and their device. The invention preferably creates two or more templates in its server memory (a first template for its own processing and a second template for the consumption by the mobile device or electronic data processing unit of the secondary user). Additionally, the website generally presents an object or link object back to the secondary user over a presentation such as a browser channel. While using an application on his or her device, the secondary user selects or consumes the object by scanning, sensing, entering, inputting, or responding to the object. As a result, the application preferably follows the object to retrieve the second template directly, privately, and independently from the server over an alternative channel, which is preferably a new discrete third channel, separate from the user channel and host channel. The server then preferably populates the first template with contextual factors such as elements of the session context (e.g., host server, link/code object presentation location, user, device, location, any supplied credentials or cloud-stored algorithms about the user behavior, device attributes, proximity or history). Alternatively, the primary user may optionally inject one-time challenge factors or policy elements into the template from their mobile electronic computing device to increase the specificity or universality of the interrogation of the secondary user and their respective devices, behaviors, locations or knowledge. Using such contextual factors from the perspective of the server, the server preferably, algorithmically populates the first template to construct a first signature—i.e., a one-time context signature in memory. Simultaneously or approximately near the same time, the application on the device of the secondary user preferably, randomly populates similar contextual factors from the perspective of the device using elements of the website, server, device itself, user, and session. This step preferably results with the device of the user to independently populate the second template to algorithmically construct a second signature. The second signature may potentially correlate or conflict with the first signature of the server. Furthermore, the user may “perform” certain voluntary or involuntary behavioral actions (e.g., facing north, orienting the mobile in portrait mode or executing a gesture, or “exist” within certain location or proximity attributes such as nearness to the server display screen or another mobile or wearable device or fixed location point), which are also preferably interrogated in real-time and further strengthen the second signature of the user. Any data from expected performance, location, proximity, or other contextual factors from a previous user or device, may create complementary modification of the algorithm on the server. Regardless of number, composition and depth of inputs (i.e., a multi-mass signature), the templates and signatures are preferably unique and distinct from each other and any other previous or future objects.
Preferably, the first and second signatures are not reused or replayed, but rather, modified by new inputs, attributes, and contextual factors. Upon completion creating the first and second signatures, the server and device preferably compare their respective signatures over the smart channel, bypassing the user channel (e.g., browser or calling app) and entitled resource access channel. If the first signature and second signature match, the entire context is preferably mutually authenticated. On the other hand, if the first signature and second signature fail to match, the mutual context is preferably not authenticated. Generally, no information or key-value pairs are captured or transmitted, but rather, algorithmically applied once at the server end and user end. The server preferably informs both users and devices the authentication status and, as a result, the parties may proceed appropriately, depending upon the results of the authentication. All session components are preferably destroyed in memory, and no information is preferably stored, written, read, retrieved or seeded to or from the device during any part of the authentication process.
FIG. 1 shows that the invention preferably achieves this synchronous or asynchronous mutual authentication described above between two mobile or wearable devices and their users whereby the first, authenticating user (U1) from a fixed or mobile electronic computing device (D1) challenges another, secondary authenticated user or users (UN) to authenticate their context (CX1) via the service (S1) to access shared secured content (C1) on host presentation (H1/P1), via their fixed, mobile and/or wearable electronic computing device (DN). The first user (U1) preferably tags or configures resources from their device (D1) to require authentication by one or more other users for access, engagement, consumption, modification or interaction. User (U1) preferably transmits the tagged resource (C1) from their device (D1) to user (UN) on their device (DN). Alternatively, the first user (U1) preferably posts or hosts the tagged resource (C1) on an intermediary host (P1) such as a website, social network, email server, blog or even physically printed or rendered medium. Per the configuration by user (U1) the alternate users (UN) on devices (DN) preferably cannot obtain permission to engage or consume resource (C1) without successfully authenticating their context (CX1) to user (U1) via their device (DN) by utilizing the invention service (S1).
Upon consumption or engagement attempt of resource (C1) on host (P1) by user or users (UN) on device (DN) from across the primary web communication channel, preferably secured resource (C1) or user (U1) on device (D1) issues a call to service (S1) over the secondary host channel requesting authentication of user (UN) and device (DN). Service (S1) returns a response object to either device (D1) or content (C1) on host (P1) for consumption, transmission or display to user (UN) or device (DN) over the web channel. From this point, the ensuing interactive user (UN) and device (DN) authentication process (FIG. 12), including templated factor interrogation, triangulation, validation and eventual context authenticity decision steps between and among service (S1), user (UN) and device (DN) over the third, private smart communication channel, simultaneously measuring device (DN) identity (FIG. 6) device (DN) location (FIG. 9), device (DN) proximity (FIG. 8), user (UN) and device (DN) orientation (FIG. 10), user (UN) and device (DN) behavior, touch or gesture, biometric challenge (FIG. 11) and/or user (UN) knowledge challenge and response (FIG. 7), are preferably synonymous with those specified in the detailed description and FIGS. 1-6 of the invention disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,935,769, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference and set forth in its entirety. The resultant context (CX) validation decision results in user (UN) on device (DN) preferably obtaining approval or denial to proceed, access, engage or interact with the original resource (C1) hosted on (P1), as detailed by the user (UN) and device (DN) flow illustrated in FIG. 12.
In FIG. 2, the invention achieves a synchronous or asynchronous, mutual authentication between two mobile devices and their users whereby the first, authenticating user (U1) from a fixed or mobile electronic computing device (D1) challenges another, secondary authenticated user or users (UN) to authenticate their context (CX1) via the service (S1) to access shared secured connection or content (C2) directly between their fixed or mobile electronic computing devices (D1) and (DN) over a peer channel. The first user (U1) preferably tags or configures resources or connection request (C2) from their device (D1) to require authentication by one or more other users for access, engagement, consumption, modification or interaction. User (U1) preferably transmits the tagged resource (C2) from their device (D1) to user (UN) on their device (DN) over a peer channel. Alternatively, the first user (U1) preferably transmits the tagged resource or connection request (C2) through an intermediary host or service such as VOIP, chat, email, streaming or API protocol to the eventual secondary device (DN) Alternatively, the second user or users (UN) on mobile device or devices (DN) initiate the request to access, connect, consume or engage the initial user (U1) on device (D1) either directly or via an intermediary host, protocol or service over a segmented peer channel. Per the configuration by user (U1) the alternate users (UN) on devices (DN) preferably cannot obtain permission to engage, consume, or connect with the resource or connection (C2) or user (U1) on device (D1) without successfully authenticating their context (CX1) to user (U1) via their device (DN) by utilizing the invention service (S1).
Upon consumption or engagement attempt of secured resource or connection (C2) by user or users (UN) on device (DN) from across the primary peer communication channel, preferably resource or connection (C2) or user (U1) on device (D1) issues a call to service (S1) over the secondary private channel requesting authentication of user (UN) and device (DN). Service (S1) returns a response object to content or connection (C2) on either device (D1) or device (DN) over the private, secondary channel for consumption, transmission or display to user (UN) on device (DN) over the peer channel. From this point, the ensuing interactive user (UN) and device (DN) authentication process (FIG. 12), including templated factor interrogation, triangulation, validation and eventual context authenticity decision steps between and among service (S1), user (UN) and device (DN) over the third, private smart communication channel, simultaneously measuring device (DN) identity (FIG. 6) device (DN) location (FIG. 9), device (DN) proximity (FIG. 8), user (UN) and device (DN) orientation (FIG. 10), user (UN) and device (DN) behavior (B), touch (M) or gesture (G) (FIG. 11) and/or user (UN) knowledge (K) challenge and response (FIG. 7), are preferably synonymous with those specified in the detailed description of this invention. The resultant context (CX) validation decision results in user (UN) on device (DN) preferably obtaining approval or denial to proceed, access, engage or interact with the primary user (U1), device (D1), resource or connection (C2), as detailed by the secondary user (UN) and device (DN) flow illustrated in FIG. 12.
In FIG. 3, the secondary user or users (UN) on device or devices (DN) optionally engages the secured content, resource or connection (C1) directly on their mobile electronic computing device (DN) from intermediary host (H1), preferably without requiring or involving presentation layer (P1) or a connection to primary device (D1). In this scenario, the authentication request via the secondary private channel to service (S1) is initiated by host (H1), the consumption of the authentication template and ensuing authentication process over the third, smart channel, all occurs directly between secondary device (DN) and the service (S1). From this point, the ensuing interactive user (UN) and device (DN) authentication process (FIG. 12), including templated factor interrogation, triangulation, validation and eventual context authenticity decision steps between and among service (S1), user (UN) and device (DN) over the third, private smart communication channel, simultaneously measuring device (DN) identity (FIG. 6) device (DN) location (FIG. 9), device (DN) proximity (FIG. 8), user (UN) and device (DN) orientation (FIG. 10), user (UN) and device (DN) behavior (B), touch (M) or gesture (G) (FIG. 11) and/or user (UN) knowledge (K) challenge and response (FIG. 7), are preferably synonymous with those specified in the detailed description of this invention. The resultant context (CX) validation decision results in user (UN) on device (DN) preferably obtaining approval or denial to proceed, access, engage or interact with the original resource (C1) as manifest directly on device (DN), as detailed by the user (UN) and device (DN) flow illustrated in FIG. 12.
In FIG. 4, the user (UN) and device (DN) are not directly engaging the secured content (C1) from host (H1) on presentation layer (P1), but preferably have awareness of content (C1) requiring authentication. User (UN) preferably directly engages service (S1) from device (DN) over the third, private channel to authenticate their context (CX1) independently to access the resource or connection (C1) via context association with (CX1). From this point, the ensuing interactive user (UN) and device (DN) authentication process (FIG. 12), including templated factor interrogation, triangulation, private validation and eventual context authenticity decision steps between and among service (S1), user (UN) and device (DN) over the third, private smart communication channel, simultaneously measuring device (DN) identity (FIG. 6) device (DN) location (FIG. 9), device (DN) proximity (FIG. 8), user (UN) and device (DN) orientation (FIG. 10), user (UN) and device (DN) behavior, touch or gesture (FIG. 11) and/or user (UN) knowledge challenge and response (FIG. 7), are preferably synonymous with those specified in the detailed description of this invention. The resultant context (CX) validation decision results in user (UN) on device (DN) preferably obtaining approval or denial to proceed, access, engage or interact with the original resource (C1) as hosted on (H1) via (P1), as detailed by the user (UN) and device (DN) flow illustrated in FIG. 12.
In FIG. 5, the actor for content (C1) displayed on (P1) securing and authentication request for user (UN) on device (DN) to (S1) is preferably host (H1) on behalf of user (U1) from device (D1). User (UN) on device (DN) encounters, engages or attempts to consume or interact with secured content or connections (C1) hosted from (H1) hosted or presented via (P1) over the primary web channel. Upon such engagement, host (H1) requests authentication of user (UN) and device (DN) by service (S1) over the secondary, private channel. From this point, the ensuing interactive host (H1), user (UN) and device (DN) authentication process (FIG. 12), including templated factor interrogation, triangulation, private validation and eventual context authenticity decision steps between and among service (S1), user (UN) and device (DN) over the third, private smart communication channel, simultaneously measuring device (DN) identity (FIG. 6) device (DN) location (FIG. 9), device (DN) proximity (FIG. 8), user (UN) and device (DN) orientation (FIG. 10), user (UN) and device (DN) behavior (B), touch (M) or gesture (G) (FIG. 11) and/or user (UN) knowledge challenge (K) and response (FIG. 7), are preferably synonymous with those specified in the detailed description of this invention. The resultant context (CX) validation decision results returned to both host (H1) over the secondary channel and user (UN) on device (DN) over the third, private channel, preferably affording user (UN) and device (DN) approval or denial to proceed, access, engage or interact with the original secured resource (C1) as presented on (P1), hosted by (H1), as detailed by the user (UN) and device (DN) flow illustrated in FIG. 12.
EXAMPLES
Example #1
The first example involves a typical defense-in-depth scenario whereby the invention provides a layer of peer-to-peer authentication for accessing hosted resources or content on top of native identity management enforcement. The primary user (U1) places secured content (C1) on a social network site (H1) specifying access that requires additional authentication via the invention, over and above the native host (H1) site security. As shown in FIG. 1, User (U1) from device (D1) creates and tags secured content (C1) with the invention API and posts it to a social networking site (H1/P1) in a generally inaccessible form, citing specific users or groups to have access, over an above the visibility rules afforded by the social network's native identity management security mechanisms and permissions. A secondary user (UN) on mobile or fixed device (DN) engages the social network (H1) and accesses the content (C1) at presentation point (P1) via their mobile device (DN). Upon engagement and authorization attempt, the invention API via (C1) trigger calls service (S1) with a request to authenticate the user or groups of users (UN) and devices (DN) for the content (C1) in context. Server (S1) returns an authentication object for consumption by and processing by the secondary user (UN) on device (DN) via app (A) to interactively authenticate their context (CX) with (S1) as configured by the policies of the request, in terms of device (D), behavior (B), touch (M), gesture (G) proximity (Z) or knowledge (K). Both the server (S1) and device (D1) via the app (A) independently triangulate, measure and validate the common context integrity, resulting in an authentication context decision (CX) that enables or denies user (UN) access to that content (C1) on host (H1) via (P1). If the user (UN) and device (DN) are successfully authenticated in context by server (S1), the secured content (C1) on the social network site is rendered by permission specifically for user (UN) or device (DN).
Example #2
The second example involves multi-factor authentication to receive or engage transmitted content between users. A user primary user (U1) who sends an email or other message (text, DM, tweet, etc) (C1) from device (D1) with secured content or tagging to a second user (or users) (UN) on devices (DN), over a shared communication channel, who require authentication to access, retrieve or view on device (DN). Upon receipt or attempt by user (UN) to engage the content (C1) on device (DN), the service is called by the invention API in the tagged content to request to authenticate and the process continues as it does in Example #1. The resultant authentication context (CX) passage or failure by user (UN) on device (DN) either allows or denies user (UN) access to, rendering of or engagement with the content (C1) on device (DN), regardless of the intermediary permission of the host or app credentials, identities or policies.
Example #3
The third example involves the invention providing a layer of defense-in-depth, multi-factor security between directly connecting endpoints or peer users on mobile devices. A user (U1) on a fixed or mobile device (D1) who is directly connecting to a second user (UN) on another fixed or mobile device (DN) via a peer to peer application protocol such as VOIP, chat, or another app to app, device to device connection that exchanges data or provides shared access. In this case, the first user (U1) on device (D1) fires up a VOIP connection to a secondary user (UN) on their device (DN) according to the native VOIP user rules, identity addressing and permissions. The first user (U1) tags the connection with the invention API and upon consumption of the connection, the second user must perform a contextual authentication from their device (DN) via the service (S1) as per the flow detailed in Example #1 and Example#2, but with a direct triangulation of channels and validation among user (U1) on (D1), service (S1). and user (UN) on (DN). The resultant passage or failure to authenticate renders the VOIP connection valid and alive or terminated at the behest of user (U1) on device (D1) by nature of failing to authenticate the context (CX) of the other user (UN) and their device (DN), regardless of intermediary VOIP policies or identity management protocols.
Example #4
A fourth example involves a user requiring multiple users to authenticate contextually to authorize common access to a shared resource in a one-to-many scenario. As with the first examples, a primary user (U1) on device (D1) wishes to publish or send content, or engage one or more connections with secondary users (UN) on devices (DN) and securely tags those connections or content with the invention API. Upon consumption by one more secondary users, the common authentication context (CX) is authenticated by service (S1) via the process detailed in Examples 1-2, providing passage or failure of that authentication. Access to or engagement with the resource or connection (C1, C2) can be authorized or denied to one, few or all of the secondary users (UN)(DN) by the primary peer user (U1)(D1) based on one or more authentication credential criteria or a holistic view of the entire authentication context (CX). As with all examples, the invention provides the primary user (U1) or host (H1) with additional synchronous or asynchronous, private authentication control over resource, connection or event engagement by one or more users on additional devices, over an above native identity, single-sign-on, federated identity or other protocols.
These examples are merely illustrative of and not limited to the total options and possibilities of applying this invention to alternate, new and emerging technologies and capabilities with respect to user or device behavior, context, location or customization.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed.
Embodiments
In a broad embodiment of the invention, it is preferably applied as a layer of authentication security above username and password, single-sign-on or social login implementations as a multi-factor or defense-in-depth approach to establishing trust, authenticity and context of networked peer-to-peer users and their mobile devices engaging directly or indirectly with each other, as members of a website, application, network, computer hardware, computer software or computer game session or via the asynchronous publishing and consumption of independent but securable content, resources or data via website, blog, email, social network, instant message, file transfer or API communication.
In another embodiment, the invention could be used to anonymously or privately authenticate two or more users engaging or interacting in a physical, digital or mixed reality setting via mutual multi-factor authentication through the mobile computing devices and the context in which they coexist. An example would be users utilizing a dating app who meet in person and use the mobile devices to multi-factor authenticate that each other are valid, genuine and authentic against previous digital identity assumptions but without revealing or exposing personal information or additional identity details.
In another embodiment, the invention could be used standalone as a sole means of identifying and authenticating a peer user or device against a server, website or application where the users require additional identity security on top of what is natively provided or afforded.
Another embodiment involves the application of this invention to enforce authentication for peer users accessing physical locations protected by locked entry, capable of interface with a mobile electronic computing device via line of sound, sight, sensation, NFC and textual data entry or biometric command, such as a door, window, vehicle or vault.
Another embodiment involves establishing authentication context verification to support a peer-to-peer electronic payment, form submission, access, modification, interaction or execution of a process within a program, website, app, server, network or session where login/identity is not the goal, but in-process anonymous, private verification, entitlement or authorization of an action by a previously identified and/or authenticated user or device.
Another embodiment involves the implementation of the invention in a media environment (set-top device, television, display, cinema, open-air audio, broadcast, live event, gaming console) where peer mobile users can interact to authenticate the users/devices/locations/behavioral contexts to enable access, share content, enable interaction or entitle engagement with the media, game or content. An example would be a hotel room or store with a set-top DVR or broadcast capability, access to which is authorized through authentication by the invention.
Yet another embodiment involves the application of the invention with paper or printed materials for real-time authentication and payment processing, proof of receipt or acknowledgment, verification of attendance, access or permission to entry or engagement with the content, location or assets symbolized by the printed material between peer users. Users can initiate and validate the material and are authenticated in context of the location, device, user, session and other factors. Example would be sending a secure PDF, package, fax or document between peers for asynchronous validation and authentication.
Another embodiment involves the use of multiple, simultaneous applications of the authentication invention to co-authenticate overlapping contexts to provide mutual peer to peer access to a common asset, location or resource by multiple users, devices or locations.
Another embodiment involves utilizing the invention technology to provide authentication control over social media, content and connections, over and above the native social network security mechanisms, to provide granular and time-extended user control over authenticated peer context access, download and engagement with that content or connections.
Another embodiment involves the use of peer remote authorizers and operators seeking access and permission to operate a vehicle, equipment or other device. The operator would request access to the vehicle or device through simple engagement with possession of and/or proximity to a mobile or wearable electronic computing device. The remote authorizer possesses a similar mobile or wearable device context. Upon operator vehicle engagement and access, the invention mutually authenticates both authorizer and operator in context of the vehicle or device, ideally through one or more of the interactive verification methods per the invention description and vehicle access and engagement is either approved or denied.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the above detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of modifications in various obvious aspects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the detailed description is to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. Also, although not explicitly recited, one or more embodiments of the invention may be practiced in combination or conjunction with one another. Furthermore, the reference or non-reference to a particular embodiment of the invention shall not be interpreted to limit the scope the invention. It is intended that the scope of the invention not be limited by this detailed description, but by the claims and the equivalents to the claims that are appended hereto.
Except as stated immediately above, nothing which has been stated or illustrated is intended or should be interpreted to cause a dedication of any component, step, feature, object, benefit, advantage, or equivalent to the public, regardless of whether it is or is not recited in the claims.

## Claims

1. A computer-based method of authenticating a first user on a primary electronic data processing unit to a second user on a secondary electronic data processing unit, the steps comprising:
providing a server, said server comprises a memory;
providing the primary electronic data processing unit, the primary electronic data processing unit comprising a first application;
providing the secondary electronic data processing unit, the secondary electronic data processing unit comprising a second application;
providing an intermediate host, said intermediate host comprising a presentation, said intermediate host is networked with said primary electronic data processing unit and said second electronic data processing unit;
initiating a direct connection between said primary electronic data processing unit and said secondary electronic data processing unit;
creating, by said first application, one or more tagged resources associated with an authentication request object;
sending, by said server, to said secondary electronic data processing unit the one or more tagged resources;
presenting said one or more tagged resources to said secondary electronic data processing unit application;
creating by said server, a first template and a second template in said memory;
processing, by said server, said first template;
processing, by said secondary electronic data processing unit, said second template;
presenting, by said intermediate host via a second channel, said one or more tagged resources to said secondary electronic data processing unit;
retrieving, by said secondary electronic data processing unit, said second template by following said one or more tagged resources, utilizing said secondary electronic data processing unit application to retrieve said second template independently of said server via a third channel, said third channel separate from said second channel;
interrogating, by said server, a plurality of first contextual factors;
populating, by said server, said first template based on said plurality of first contextual factors;
constructing a one-time contextual server signature by said server based on said first template;
interrogating, by said secondary electronic data processing unit application, a plurality of second contextual factors from a perspective of said secondary electronic data processing unit;
populating, by said secondary electronic data processing unit application, said second template based on said plurality of second contextual factors;
constructing, by said secondary electronic data processing unit application, a one-time contextual application signature based on said second template; and
responsive to determining, by said server, said one-time contextual application signature matching said one-time contextual server signature:
authenticating and granting access to the first user, and responsive to determining, by said server, said one-time contextual application signature failing to match said one-time contextual server signature: denying access to the first user.

2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising initiating a direct connection between said primary electronic data processing unit and said secondary electronic data processing unit to trigger a request to authenticate via a synchronous network session between said primary and secondary electronic data processing units without involving said intermediate host.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of receiving by said secondary electronic data processing unit further comprising enabling said secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to connect directly with said server via said third channel, engage said synchronous network session, consume and process a required authentication service object without scan, sense, enter, input or response to said one or more tagged resources on said intermediate host.

4. The method of claim 2, further comprising said plurality of first contextual factors and said plurality of second contextual factors each selected from the group of contextual factors consisting of: the server, another server, the first user, the second user, another user, another device, a wearable, a biometric, a location, a proximity, and a supplied credential.

5. The method of claim 2, further comprising requiring an individual and discrete authentication between said secondary electronic data processing unit and both said primary electronic data processing unit and said intermediate host before granting or denying access to the first user.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of retrieving by said secondary electronic data processing unit further comprises enabling said secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to scan, sense, enter, input, consume or respond to said one or more tagged resources on said secondary electronic data processing unit directly from said server without involving said intermediary host.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of retrieving by said secondary electronic data processing unit further comprises enabling via said secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to scan, sense, enter, input, consume or respond to said one or more tagged resources on said intermediate host.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of receiving by said secondary electronic data processing unit further comprises enabling via said secondary electronic data processing unit's ability to connect directly with said server via said third channel, engage an active session, consume and process a required authentication service object without scanning, sensing, entering, inputting or responding to said one or more tagged resources on said intermediate host.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising said plurality of first contextual factors and said plurality of second contextual factors are each selected from the group of contextual factors consisting of: the server, another server, the first user, the second user, another user, another device, a wearable, a biometric, a location, a proximity, and a supplied credential.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising requiring an individual and discrete authentication between said secondary electronic data processing unit and both said primary electronic data processing unit and said intermediate host before granting or denying access to the first user.