UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

U.S. DISTRICT COURT -- EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

SOUTHERN DIVISION

BUSINESS HEALTH SOLUTIONS, P.C.,

Plaintiff,

 -vsPACIFIC TOXICOLOGY LABORATORIES,

doing business as PAC TOX, 

and JOHN DOES 1- 10, 

Defendants. 

COMPLAINT – CLASS ACTION 

Plaintiff is not aware of any related cases.

1. Plaintiff, Business Health Solutions, P.C., brings this action to secure redress for the

actions of Defendant Pacific Toxicology Laboratories, doing business as Pac Tox (“Pac

Tox”), in sending or causing the sending of unsolicited advertisements to telephone

facsimile machines in violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C.

§227 (“TCPA”). 

2. The TCPA expressly prohibits unsolicited fax advertising. Unsolicited fax advertising 

damages the recipients. The recipient is deprived of its paper and ink or toner and the use

of its fax machine. The recipient also wastes valuable time it would have spent on 

something else. Unsolicited faxes prevent fax machines from receiving and sending

authorized faxes, cause wear and tear on fax machines, and require labor to attempt to 

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identify the source and purpose of the unsolicited faxes.

PARTIES

3. Business Health Solutions, P.C., is a professional corporation with offices at 17197 North

Laurel Park Drive, Suite 107, Livonia Michigan 48152, where it maintains telephone

facsimile equipment.

4. Pac Tox is a California corporation that has offices at 9348 De Soto Avenue, Chatsworth,

California 91311.

5. Defendants John Does 1-10 are other natural or artificial persons that were involved in

the sending of the facsimile advertisement described below. Plaintiff does not know who

they are. 

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

6. This Court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§1331 and 1367. Mims v. Arrow Financial

Services, LLC, 132 S. Ct. 740, 751-53 (2012). 

7. Personal jurisdiction is proper because Defendant has committed tortious acts in this

District by causing the transmission of unlawful communications into the District.

8. Venue in this District is proper for the same reason.

FACTS

9. On December 5, 2014, Business Health Solutions, P.C. received the unsolicited fax

advertisement attached as Exhibit A on its facsimile machine.

10. Discovery may reveal the transmission of additional faxes as well. 

11. Pac Tox, is responsible for sending or causing the sending of the fax.

12. Pac Tox, as the entity whose products or services were advertised in the fax, derived

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economic benefit from the sending of the fax.

13. Pac Tox, either negligently or wilfully violated the rights of Plaintiff and other recipients

in sending the fax.

14. Each fax refers to a website registered to Pac Tox.

15. The fax has a “remove” number at the bottom that is associated with the mass

broadcasting of advertising faxes. 

16. Plaintiff had no prior relationship with Defendant and had not authorized the sending of

fax advertisement to Plaintiff.

17. The fax does not contain an “opt out” notice in the form required by 47 U.S.C. § 227.

18. On information and belief, the fax attached hereto was sent as part of a mass broadcasting

of faxes.

19. On information and belief, Defendant has transmitted similar unsolicited fax

advertisements to at least 40 other persons in Michigan.

20. There is no reasonable means for Plaintiff or other recipients of Defendant’s unsolicited

advertising faxes to avoid receiving illegal faxes. Fax machines must be left on and ready

to receive the urgent communications authorized by their owners.

COUNT I – TCPA

21. Plaintiff incorporates ¶¶ 1-20. 

22. The TCPA makes unlawful the “use of any telephone facsimile machine, computer or

other device to send an unsolicited advertisement to a telephone facsimile machine ...” 47

U.S.C. §227(b)(1)(C).

23. The TCPA, 47 U.S.C. §227(b)(3), provides:

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Private right of action.

A person or entity may, if otherwise permitted by the laws or rules of court of a State,

bring in an appropriate court of that State–

(A) an action based on a violation of this subsection or the regulations

prescribed under this subsection to enjoin such violation,

(B) an action to recover for actual monetary loss from such a violation, or

to receive $500 in damages for each such violation, whichever is greater, or

(C) both such actions.

If the Court finds that the defendant willfully or knowingly violated this subsection

or the regulations prescribed under this subsection, the court may, in its discretion,

increase the amount of the award to an amount equal to not more than 3 times the

amount available under the subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.

24. Plaintiff and each class member suffered damages as a result of receipt of the unsolicited

faxes, in the form of paper and ink or toner consumed as a result. Furthermore, Plaintiff’s

statutory right of privacy was invaded.

25. Plaintiff and each class member is entitled to statutory damages.

26. Defendant violated the TCPA even if its actions were only negligent.

27. Defendant should be enjoined from committing similar violations in the future.

CLASS ALLEGATIONS

28. Pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a) and (b)(3), Plaintiff brings this claim on behalf of a class,

consisting of (a) all persons (b) who, on or after a date four years prior to the filing of this

action (28 U.S.C. §1658), (c) were sent faxes by or on behalf of Defendant Pac Tox,

promoting its goods or services for sale (d) and which did not contain an opt out notice as

described in 47 U.S.C. §227.

29. The class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impractical. Plaintiff alleges on

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information and belief that there are more than 40 members of the class.

30. There are questions of law and fact common to the class that predominate over any

questions affecting only individual class members. The predominant common questions

include:

a. Whether Defendant engaged in a pattern of sending unsolicited fax advertisements;

b. The manner in which Defendant compiled or obtained its list of fax numbers;

c. Whether Defendant thereby violated the TCPA;

31. Plaintiff will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class. Plaintiff has retained

counsel experienced in handling class actions and claims involving unlawful business

practices. Neither Plaintiff nor Plaintiff's counsel have any interests which might cause

them not to vigorously pursue this action. 

32. Plaintiff’s claims are typical of the claims of the class members. All are based on the same

factual and legal theories.

33. A class action is the superior method for the fair and efficient adjudication of this

controversy. The interest of class members in individually controlling the prosecution of

separate claims against Defendant is small because it is not economically feasible to bring

individual actions.

34. Several courts have certified class actions under the TCPA. American Copper & Brass,

Inc. v. Lake City Industrial Products, Inc., 757 F.3d 540 (6 Cir. 2014) ; Holtzman v. th

Turza, 08 C 2014, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 95620 (N.D.Ill., Oct. 14, 2009), aff’d in relevant

part, 728 F.3d 682 (7 Cir. 2013); Sadowski v. Med1 Online, LLC, 07 C 2973, 2008 U.S. th

Dist. LEXIS 41766 (N.D.Ill., May 27, 2008); CE Design Ltd. v Cy's Crabhouse North,

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Inc., 259 F.R.D. 135 (N.D.Ill. 2009); Targin Sign Sys. v Preferred Chiropractic Ctr., Ltd.,

679 F. Supp. 2d 894 (N.D.Ill. 2010); Garrett v. Ragle Dental Lab, Inc., 10 C 1315, 2010

U.S. Dist. LEXIS 108339, 2010 WL 4074379 (N.D.Ill., Oct. 12, 2010); Hinman v. M & M

Rental Ctr., 545 F.Supp. 2d 802 (N.D.Ill. 2008); Clearbrook v. Rooflifters, LLC, 08 C

3276, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 72902 (N.D. Ill. July 20, 2010) (Cox, M.J.); G.M. Sign, Inc.

v. Group C Communs., Inc., 08 C 4521, 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 17843 (N.D. Ill. Feb. 25,

2010); Kavu, Inc. v. Omnipak Corp., 246 F.R.D. 642 (W.D.Wash. 2007); Display South,

Inc. v. Express Computer Supply, Inc., 961 So.2d 451, 455 (La. App. 1st Cir. 2007);

Display South, Inc. v. Graphics House Sports Promotions, Inc., 992 So. 2d 510 (La. App.

1stCir. 2008); Lampkin v. GGH, Inc., 146 P.3d 847 (Ok. App. 2006); ESI Ergonomic

Solutions, LLC v. United Artists Theatre Circuit, Inc., 203 Ariz. (App.) 94, 50 P.3d 844

(2002); Core Funding Group, LLC v. Young, 792 N.E.2d 547 (Ind.App. 2003);

Critchfield Physical Therapy v. Taranto Group, Inc., 293 Kan. 285; 263 P.3d 767 (2011);

Karen S. Little, L.L.C. v. Drury Inns. Inc., 306 S.W.3d 577 (Mo. App. 2010).

35. Management of this class action is likely to present significantly fewer difficulties that

those presented in many class actions, e.g. for securities fraud.

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that the Court enter judgment in favor of Plaintiff and

the class and against Defendant for:

a. Statutory damages;

b. An injunction against the further transmission of unsolicited fax advertising;

c. Costs of suit;

d. Such other or further relief as the Court deems just and proper.

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ADAM G. TAUB & ASSOCIATES

CONSUMER LAW GROUP, PLC

By: /s/ Adam G. Taub 

Adam G. Taub (P48703)

17200 W 10 Mile Rd Suite 200

Southfield, MI 48075

Phone: (248) 746-3790

Email: adamgtaub@clgplc.net

/s/ Daniel A. Edelman

Daniel A. Edelman

Cathleen M. Combs

Thomas E. Soule 

EDELMAN, COMBS, LATTURNER

& GOODWIN, LLC

20 South Clark Street, Suite 1500

Chicago, Illinois 60603

(312) 739-4200

(312) 419-0379 (FAX)

Email: dedelman@edcombs.com

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NOTICE OF ASSIGNMENT

Please be advised that all rights relating to attorney’s fees have been assigned to counsel.

/s/ Daniel A. Edelman

Daniel A. Edelman

Daniel A. Edelman

EDELMAN, COMBS, LATTURNER

& GOODWIN, LLC

20 South Clark Street, Suite 1500

Chicago, Illinois 60603

(312) 739-4200

(312) 419-0379 (FAX)

T:\30943\Pleading\Complaint_Pleading.WPD 

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