NOAATechnical Memorandum NMFS i'jov 2802 

Scuthwes! Fisherit:$ Szisnce Ceiter 

La Joila. Caliiornia ~ ~..,~ -- 

OCTOBER 2002 

SURIMI SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND MARKET OF JAPAN 

Sunee C. Sonu 

NOM-TM-NMFS-SWR-039 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

Southwest Region 
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referenced in the formal scientific and technical literature. 
NOM Technical Memorandum NMFS 

This TM series us used for documentation and timely communication of preliminary results, interim reports, or special 

purpose information. The TMs have not received complete formal review. editorial control, or detailed editing, 

OCTOBER 2002 

SURlMl SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND MARKET OF JAPAN 

Sunee C. Sonu 

Southwest Region 

National Marine Fisheries Service, NOM 

Long Beach, California 90802 

N OM-TM -N M FS-S W R-039 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

Donald L. Evans, Secretary 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

VADM Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere 

National Marine Fisheries Service 

William T. Hogarth, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 

LIST OF TABLES ....................... ii 

LISTOFFIGURES ....................... iv 

LIST OF APPENDICES ..................... iv 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................... v 

INTRODUCTION ......................... 1 

SURIMI PRODUCTION ...................... 2 

ALASKA POLLOCK ....................... 4 

World catch of Alaska pollock .............. 4 

Japanese catch of Alaska pollock ............. 9 

Total allowable catch .................. 9 

Japanese catch in U.S. waters .............. 10 

Japanese catch in Soviet/ Russian waters ......... 10 

IMPORTS ........................... 15 

Trade barriers ...................... 16 

EXPORTS ........................... 25 

COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS .................... 28 

SUPPLY ........................... 31 

DEMAND ........................... 32 

MARKETS ........................... 33 

SURIMI-BASED PRODUCTS .................... 45 

REFERENCES ........................ 49 

APPENDICES ......................... 51 
LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

1. Japan's frozen surimi production, 1960-2001 ...... 3 

2. World landings of principal species, 1994-1999 ..... 6 

3. World landings of Alaska pollock by FA0 fishing area 

and country, 1993-1999 ................. 7 

4. Japanese landings of fish used for surimi materials 

by species of fish and total annual catch of marine 

fishes, 1951-2001 ................... 11 

5. Japanese landings of Alaska pollock by fishery type, 

1987-2000 ....................... 13 

6. Total allowable catch (TAC) and actual landings of 

Alaska pollock, 1997-2002. ............... 13 

7. Japan's Alaska pollock catch allocations and 

the actual catch in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone 

by region, 1977-1988 ................. 14 

8. Japan's Alaska pollock catch allocations in 

the Soviet/Russian waters, 1974-2002 .......... 14 

9. Japanese annual imports of frozen surimi by products 

and volume, 1986-2001 ................. 17 

10. Japanese annual imports of frozen surimi by products 

and value, 1986-2001 ................. 17 

11. Japanese imports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

country of origin and volume, 1995-2001 ........ 18 

12. Japanese imports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

country of origin and value, 1995-2001 ......... 18 

13. Japanese imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting 

surimi (excluding Alaska pollock surimi) by country 

of origin and volume, 1995-2001 ............ 19 

14. Japanese imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting 

surimi (excluding Alaska pollock surimi) by country 

of origin and value, 1995-2001 ............. 19 

15. Japanese imports of frozen threadfin bream surimi by 

country of origin and volume, 1995-2001 ........ 20 

16. Japanese imports of frozen threadfin bream surimi by 

country of origin and value, 1995-2001 ......... 20 
LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

Japanese imports of frozen croaker surimi by country 

of origin and volume, 1995-2001 ............ 21 

Japanese imports of frozen croaker surimi by countries 

of origin and value, 1995-2001 ............ 21 

Japanese imports of frozen other surimi by major 

countries of origin and volume, 1995-2001 ....... 22 

Japanese imports of frozen other surimi by major 

countries of origin and value, 1995-2001 ........ 23 

Allocation of Japanese import quotas for Alaska pollock 

and Alaska pollock surimi by recipient groups for Japan’s 

fiscal years 1986-1988 and 1998-2002 ......... 24 

Japan‘s annual exports of frozen surimi by volume 

and value, 1988-2001 ................. .26 

Japan’s exports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

major countries of destination and volume, 1974-2001 . . 27 

Japan‘s exports of frozen other surimi by major 

countries of destination and volume, 1988-2001 ..... 28 

Japanese monthly cold storage holdings of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi, frozen surimi (excluding frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi), and total frozen surimi, 1987-2002 . . 29 

Japanese demand for frozen surimi, 1972-2001 ...... 32 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska pollock 

surimi for on-shore processed, grade 2, 1987-2002 ... 34 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska pollock 

surimi for off-shore processed, SA grade, 1987-2002 . . 35 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska pollock 

surimi for off-shore processed, FA grade, 1987-2002 . . 36 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen surimi 

at 10 central wholesale markets in major cities 

in Japan, 1987-2002. .................. 37 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Surimi 

at Tokyo Central Wholesale Market, 1988-2001 ...... 38 

Japan’s Production of Surimi-based Products, 1957-2001 . 46 
LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

1. 

Japanese surimi production, 1960-2001 ......... 2 

World landings of Alaska pollock by major countries, 

1951-2001 ....................... 8 

Japan's total catch of Alaska pollock and catch of 

Alaska pollock in U.S. waters, 1951-2001 ....... 12 

Japanese annual supply of frozen surimi, 1972-2001 ... 31 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi for on-shore processed, grade 2 and 

monthly cold storage holdings of total frozen surimi 

in Japan, 1987-2002 .................. 39 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi for off-shore processed, SA grade 

and monthly cold storage holdings of total frozen 

surimi in Japan, 987-2002 ............... 40 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi for off-shore processed, FA grade 

and monthly cold storage holdings of total frozen 

surimi in Japan, 1987-2002 .............. 41 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen surimi 

at 10 central wholesale markets in major cities 

in Japan and monthly cold storage holdings of 

total frozen surimi, 1987-2002 ............. 42 

Monthly average wholesale prices of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi at Tokyo Central Wholesale Market 

and monthly cold storage holdings of total frozen 

surimi in Japan, 1987-2002. .............. 43 

Annual average wholesale prices of surimi at 10 central 

wholesale markets in major cities and annual average 

wholesale prices of Alaska pollock at 59 markets in 

major landing ports in Japan, 1983-2002 ........ 44 

Japanese Production of Surimi-based Products, 

1957-2001. ....................... 48 

LIST OF APPENDICES 

Japanese surimi importers with import Quotas ...... 51 

-iv- 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Japan is the world's largest market for surimi, utilizing an 

average of 413,000 metric tons (mt) during 1990-2001. Supply for 

this market comes from both domestic production and imports. 

The share of the Japanese surimi market supplied by imports 

increased from 43 percent in 1992 to 61 percent in 2001. 

Japan's surimi production increased rapidly from 43,000 mt 

in 1966 to 423,000 mt in 1973 and reached a record of 424,000 mt 

in 1976. Since 1977, however, surimi production has steadily 

declined, and the production in 2001 of 110,000 mt was less than 

26 percent of the record production, and was the lowest 

production in 34 years. 

Japan is a major importer of frozen surimi. In 2001, 

Japan's imports of frozen surimi were worth over $571 million. 

Frozen Alaska pollock surimi was the dominant product imported 

into Japan, representing 46 percent in volume and 41 percent in 

value in 2001. 

came mostly from the United States. 

Japanese imports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi 

Imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting surimi, mostly 

surimi made from Pacific whiting, fluctuated between 17,000 and 

26,000 mt from 1995 to 2000 The United States has consistently 

been the leading supplier of frozen Pacific whiting surimi to 

Japan, providing over 94 p.ercent of the total 

Prices of surimi are primarily determined by supply and 

demand, but quality, origin, and species are also important. 

Wholesale prices for frozen surimi generally fall during summer. 

In 2002, however, summer prices did not decline, due to reduced 

imports and low levels of inventory of frozen surimi. 

wholesale prices of frozen surimi in June 2002 were up 8-19 

percent from prices for December 2001 and 4-15 percent higher 

than prices for the same period in 2001. Japanese imports of 

Alaska pollock surimi decreased from 10,663 mt in June 2001 to 

1,371 mt in June 2002. 

Average 

Japan regulates imports of surimi with import quota (IQ) and 

tariffs. To meet strong demand, the Japanese government 

increased the IQ for Alaska pollock surimi from 19,000 mt for 

1986 to 140,000 mt for 1990, and then to 205,400 mt for 2002. 

As the United States and Japan are signatories to the World Trade 

Organization (WTO), WTO tariffs apply to U.S. exports of frozen 

surimi and frozen fish meat: 4.2 percent for frozen surimi and 

frozen fish meat of cod, pollack, hake; and 3.5 percent for 

frozen surimi of threadfin bream. 

-V- 
INTRODUCTION 

Surimi, a refined form of minced fish meat, is the raw 

material used in making a wide range of finished products such as 

imitation crab meat, chikuwa (broiled surimi product), satuma-age 

(fried), itatsuki kamaboko (steamed), fish hams, fish sausages, 

and other seafood analogs (Sonu 1986). 

Although the technique for making surimi has been practiced 

in Japan for many centuries, only during the past 40 years has 

the tradition evolved into a major industrial operation. 

Before 1960, freeze denaturation of protein was a poorly 

understood phenomenon. When a protein becomes denatured, it 

loses its native structure and its ability to perform certain 

biochemical functions such as forming a gel, an important 

property in surimi. 

A new technology for processing Alaska pollock into a stable 

frozen surimi, which is protected from freeze denaturation, was 

developed in the early 1960s in Japan. 

manufacturing to evolve into an automated mass-production system 

to keep pace with expanding demand. 

manufacturing procedures was essentially completed both on board 

and on shore within about 10 years following the introduction of 

frozen surimi. 

It allowed surimi 

Automation of surimi 

Alaska pollock, Theragra chalcogrammus, is the most widely 

utilized species in the Japanese surimi industry because of its 

abundance, good gel-forming capability, year-round availability, 

white flesh, and reasonable price. 

Japan was once the world's largest producer of surimi. 

Recently, however, the Japanese production of surimi has dropped 

significantly due mainly to shortage of supply of fish from 

domestic and foreign waters, and Japan has become increasingly 

more dependent on imports for its supply. This need is likely to 

remain because increased catches of fish in foreign waters by the 

Japanese fleet are not likely in the near future. 

Japan is the major user of surimi and the most important 

export market for U.S. surimi, accounting for 51 percent of U.S. 

exports of surimi in 2001. 

This report provides a detailed examination of the Japanese 

surimi production as well as its imports, exports, supply, 

demand, and market, in order to identify potential opportunities 

for export by U.S. surimi producers. 

-1- 
SURIMI PRODUCTION 

The history of frozen surimi production in Japan from 1960 

to 2001 is illustrated in Figure 1 and Table 1. Surimi 

production increased rapidly during the 6-year period between 

1967 and 1973. This trend was facilitated by the advent of 

automated facilities for surimi production and by the 

introduction of factoryship operations. By 1973, total annual 

output of surimi rose to 423,000 mt, more than five times the 

1967 production. From 1974 to 1984, the production of surimi 

hovered around 350,000 to 420,000 mt per year. From 1985 to the 

present, the production has steadily declined due mainly to 

shortage of supply of fish in domestic and foreign waters. The 

production was 413,000 mt in 1985 but only 110,000 mt in 2001. 

Most of the Japanese on-shore surimi processing industry is 

located on Hokkaido Island, where domestic landings of Alaska 

pollock and Atka mackerel, the two major species used as raw 

material, take place. Of the 106,000 mt of land-processed frozen 

surimi processed in 2001, it is estimated that 73,000 mt were 

made from Alaska pollock, 21,000 mt from Atka mackerel, 3,000 mt 

from Japanese sardine and Pacific mackerel and 10,000 mt from 

other species. 

400,000 

350,000 

300,000 

250,000 

200,000 

150,000 

100,000 

50,000 

0 

I 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 

Year 

Figure 1. Japanese surimi production, 1960-2001 (metric tons). 

Sources: Japan Surimi Association 1984 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 

1974-2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2001 

Minato Shinbun Sha 2002 

Hokkai Keizai Shinbun Sha 2002 

-2- 
Table 1. Japan's frozen surimi production, 1960-2001 

(metric tons). 

Land-processed surimi 

ShipPollock mackerel mackerel fish Total surimi 

Year Alaska Sardine/ Atka Other Sub- processed Total 

1960 -* - - - 250 0 250 

1961 - - - - 2,500 0 2,500 

1962 - - - - 4,500 0 4,500 

1963 - - - - 9,282 0 9,282 

1964 - - - - 18 , 060 0 18,060 

1965 - - - - 23,639 8,184 31,823 

1966 - - - - 29,913 13,034 42,947 

1967 - - - - 44,869 39,283 84,152 

1968 61,355 - - 16,962 78,317 75,525 153,842 

1969 99,140 - - 15,955 115,095 105,297 220,392 

1970 134,834 - - 18,457 153,292 138,743 292,035 

1971 165,895 - - 13,264 179,159 180,138 359,297 

1972 180,223 - - 18,685 198,909 196,131 395,040 

1973 190,555 - 4,697 9,938 205,191 217,891 423,082 

1974 173,765 - 11,638 8,339 193,744 190,556 384,300 

1975 193,978 - 2,908 3,569 200,455 187,228 387,683 

1976 233,406 - 6,361 3,223 242,990 181,243 424,233 

1977 234,269 - 13,044 4,338 251,651 161,798 413,449 

1978 177,655 - 5,669 6,406 189,730 175,853 365,583 

1979 162,422 - 7,459 7,084 176,965 190,621 367,586 

1980 165,818 - 10,353 8,744 184,915 179,331 364,246 

1981 160,200 - - 18,280 178,480 176,442 354,922 

1982 178,941 - - 17,013 195,954 177,095 373,049 

1983 210,855 3,914 3,141 8,370 226,280 153,593 379,873 

1984 248,186 5,463 3,975 11,300 268,924 144,440 413,364 

1985 230,036 5,599 3,540 15,115 254 , 290 130,588 384,878 

1986 205,074 5,481 4,451 25,773 240,779 101,053 341,832 

1987 195,921 5,260 2,464 16,682 220,327 83,844 304,171 

1988 177,887 4,471 5,286 14,434 202,078 85,328 287,406 

1989 180,305 3,215 5,973 13,435 202,928 80,415 283,343 

1990 147,817 4,156 13,453 10,557 175,983 47,962 223,945 

1991 154,653 3,957 19,282 23,435 201,327 18,959 220,286 

1992 130,797 3,813 9,276 14,092 157 , 978 25,450 183,428 

1993 108,528 3,496 13,734 15,251 141,009 14,812 155,821 

1994 103,336 7,592 12,237 15,107 138,272 11,032 149,304 

1995 95,238 5,027 22,363 18,121 140,749 13,805 154,554 

1996 69,553 6,067 29,825 13,833 119,278 9,808 129,086 

1997 83,152 5,260 28,417 16,580 133,409 10,214 143,623 

1998 84,196 4,331 26,775 11,784 127,086 14,730 141,816 

1999 97,413 3,373 23,809 9,968 134 , 563 11,373 145,936 

2000 84,508 1,747 20,195 9,929 116,379 8,783 125,162 

2001 73,259 2,845 20,632 9,745 106,481 4,000 110,481 

-* ..... not available Sub-total may not add due to rounding 

Sources: Japan Surimi Association 1984 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 1974-2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2001 

Minato Shinbun Sha 2002 

Hokkai Keizai Shinbun Sha 2002 

-3- 
ALASKA POLLOCK 

Alaska pollock, Theragra chalcogrammus, is the most widely 

utilized species in the Japanese surimi industry. Though almost 

any fish can be used to make surimi, no other species can match 

the combination of its abundance, good gel-forming capability, 

year-round availability, white flesh, and reasonable price (Sonu 

1986). 

Alaska pollock is widely distributed in the North Pacific, 

from Central California into the eastern Bering Sea, along the 

Aleutian arc, around Kamchatka, in the Okhotsk Sea and into the 

southern Sea of Japan (Cohen et al. 1990). 

World catch of Alaska pollock 

Alaska pollock constitute one of the world's major fishery 

resources (Table 2). Total world catches of Alaska pollock 

ranged between 3.3 and 4.8 million mt annually in recent years. 

Alaska pollock are caught exclusively in the North Pacific 

(Table 3). Approximately two-thirds of the catch was taken in 

the Northwest Pacific in an area west of 175" which includes the 

coastal and offshore areas of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and 

Russia. The remaining one-third came from the U.S. Exclusive 

Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Northeast Pacific. 

The development of Alaska pollock fisheries was stimulated 

in the early 1960s by successful implementation by Japan of 

mechanized processing of Alaska pollock into frozen surimi. By 

1972, the fishery had expanded throughout the North Pacific, 

mostly by Japan and to a lesser extent by the former Soviet Union 

and the Republic of Korea. The combined harvests of Alaska 

pollock by these three countries increased ninefold, from 464,000 

mt in 1961 to 4.2 million mt in 1972 (Figure 2). 

Total world harvest of Alaska pollock reached a peak of 6.76 

million mt in 1986 but have been on a downward trend since then, 

falling to 3.36 million mt in 1999 (Figure 2). The decrease in 

global landings of Alaska pollock was due mainly to sharply 

declined catches by Russia and Japan. Combined landings by these 

two countries declined from 5.01 million mt in 1986 to 1.88 

million mt in 1999. 

Of nine nations that reported Alaska pollock landings in 

1999, Russia ranked highest with 45 percent of the total (Table 

3). The United States was second with 31 percent, while Japan, 

the world's largest producer during 1951-1976, was in third 

place. Japan's share of the world catch decreased sharply from 

over 83 percent during the 1950s to 11 percent in 1999. China 

and the Republic of Korea respectively harvested 5 and 4 percent 

of the world total. The combined catch of other countries 

-4- 
including Taiwan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 

Poland, and Canada accounted for under 4 percent of the total 

catch. 

Russian annual harvest of Alaska pollock reached a high in 

1986 at 3.58 million mt annually, but has since declined sharply 

(FA0 1988). 

percent of the record landings, and was the lowest catch in 26 

year. The Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for Alaska pollock in the 

Russian Exclusive Economic Zone was reduced by 45 percent from 

1,678,000 in 2000 to 929,600 mt in 2002 to protect the population 

(Hokkai Keizai Shinbun Sha 2002). 

The catch in 1999 of 1.5 million mt was about 42 

The U.S. fishing industry initially embarked on an 

exploratory Alaska pollock fishing venture in 1974 (Koslow 1976). 

The industry was stimulated by a strong domestic demand for 

Alaska pollock as an acceptable substitute for Atlantic cod 

(Gadus morhua) for breaded fish products. The Alaska pollock 

fishing operation, however, remained at a small scale, until the 

late-1980s (Figure 2). 

Foreign access to U.S. waters was restricted following the 

establishment of the U.S. EEZ in 1977. The U.S. commercial 

fishery for Alaska pollock experienced a short period of joint 

venture operations in the mid-1980s and was fully a U.S. 

by 1988, when foreign fishing was phased out. To fill the strong 

demand for surimi, the U.S. fishery expanded each year and the 

harvests of Alaska pollock continued to increase, reaching a peak 

in 1990 at 1.41 million mt. Catches have since remained 

relatively stable and averaged about 1.25 million mt during the 

period 1991-2000 (Figure 2). 

fishery 

-5- 
Table 2. World landings of principal species, 1994-1999 

(1,000 metric tons). 

Species 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

Peruvian anchovy 12,521 

Atlantic herring 1,930 

Skip j ack tuna 1,498 

Chub mackerel 1,531 

Japanese anchovy 821 

Chilean 

jack mackerel 4,262 

Largehead hairtail 1,081 

Yellowfin tuna 1,107 

Atlantic cod 1,249 

Argentine 

shortfin squid 506 

Capelin 884 

European pilchard 1,167 

Araucanian herring 341 

Gulf menhaden 7 67 

European sprat 580 

Atlantic mackerel 857 

European anchovy 523 

Japanese 

Spanish mackerel 228 

Japanese sardine 1,314 

Japanese flying squid 504 

Alaska pollock 4 , 375 

Blue whiting 4 95 

Akiami paste shrimp 345 

8,645 

4 , 809 

2,353 

1,655 

1,575 

972 

4,955 

1,244 

544 

1,115 

1,271 

521 

749 

1,209 

127 

472 

602 

7 94 

406 

619 

259 

733 

513 

8,864 

4,549 

2,329 

1,584 

2,178 

1,254 

4,379 

1,283 

631 

1,083 

1,341 

656 

1,527 

996 

447 

4 92 

672 

5 60 

461 

528 

301 

431 

716 

7,685 

4 , 487 

2,534 

1,613 

2,427 

1,667 

3,597 

1,206 

7 12 

1,213 

1,375 

980 

1,605 

999 

441 

598 

700 

559 

496 

501 

36 6 

418 

603 

1,729 

4 , 049 

2,422 

1,884 

1, 924 

2,094 

2,026 

1,435 

1,185 

1,252 

1,213 

665 

985 

94 1 

318 

4 97 

696 

668 

587 

4 99 

552 

296 

37 9 

8,723 

3,362 

2,404 

1,976 

1,955 

1,820 

1,423 

1,419 

1,323 

1,258 

1,093 

1,091 

905 

901 

782 

694 

684 

611 

599 

5 98 

5 95 

515 

4 98 

Sources:. FA0 1999, 2001 

-6- 
Table 3. World landings of Alaska Pollock by FA0 fishing area 

and country, 1993-1999 (1,000 metric tons). 

FA0 fishing area/ 

Pacific ocean: 

Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

Northwest: 

China 135 130 189 167 258 14 1 117 

China, Taiwan w 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Korea, D.P. Rp. ... ** 75 120 15 67 60 55 

Japan 382 37 9 339 331 339 316 382 

Korea, Rep. 

Poland 

Russian Fed. 

Area total 

Pacific ocean : 

Northeast: 

Canada 

China 

Japan 

Korea, Rep. 

Russian Fed. 

U.S.A. 

Area total 

Species total 

181 2 97 335 224 223 236 14 6 

235 270 24 9 116 125 82 66 

2,114 1,747 2,208 2,440 2,253 1,931 1,500 

3,048 2,898 3,441 3,294 3,265 2,766 2,266 

8 5 3 2 2 1 1 

40 40 60 60 80 50 40 

0 

45 15 11 2 

0 

0 - - - - - 

- - - i** - - - - - 

1,478 1,417 1,294 1,190 1,140 1,232 1,055 

1,571 1,477 1,368 1,255 1,221 1,283 1,096 

4,619 4,375 4,809 4,549 4,487 4,049 3,362 

O* More than zero but less than 500 metric tons 

... ** Data not available 

-*** Magnitude known to be nil or zero 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: FA0 2001 

-7- 
8,000 

7,000 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0 

- --Japan I I 

I I 

I 

-----.Korea, Rep. of 

- U.S.S.R/ Russt 

-U.S.A. 

I I .World total A c I 

~ I 

1951 57 63 69 7s 81 87 93 99 

Year 

Figure 2. World landings of Alaska pollock by major countries, 

1951-2001, (1,000 metric tons) . 

Sources: FA0 1955, 1957, 1962, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1982, 

1983, 1989, 1992, 1995, 2001 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2001, 2002 

U.S. Department of Commerce 2002 

-8- 
Japanese catch of Alaska pollock 

Prior to 1959, Japanese harvests of Alaska pollock remained 

below 300,000 mt a year (Table 4), mostly caught in its coastal 

waters and off the Siberian coast. During the 1960s and the 

early 1970s Japanese harvests of Alaska pollock steadily 

escalated, reaching a peak in 1972 at over 3 million mt. The 

impetus for expanding the Alaska pollock fishery was the 

development of automated processing of Alaska pollock into frozen 

surimi and the introduction of factoryship operations in the 

1960s. By 1972, Japan expanded its Alaska pollock fishing fleet 

as well as its range of operations throughout the North Pacific 

Ocean (Sonu 1986). At that time, Alaska pollock was Japan's 

major fishery, accounting for about one-third of its total marine 

fisheries catch (Table 4). The majority of the catch took place 

in U.S. waters (Figure 3). 

The long period of steady growth in catch was followed by a 

downturn which came mainly as a result of the oil shock in 1974, 

which made fishing operations very expensive, but also because of 

restrictions on Japanese catches in the U.S. and the former 

Soviet EEZs, instituted in 1977. From 1978 through 1985, annual 

Japanese catches of Alaska pollock fairly stabilized at about 1.5 

million mt. Since 1986, however, Japan's total catch of Alaska 

pollock has declined sharply as Japanese catch allocations within 

the U.S. and the former Soviet EEZs were greatly reduced. In 

1987, the fishery was completely stopped off the United States. 

The total catch in 2001 of 242,000 mt was less than 8 percent of 

the record landings, and was the lowest catch in 45 years. 

Alaska pollock is taken mostly by trawl, gillnet and 

longline. In 1999, about 58 percent of Alaska pollock were 

caught by trawl, 28 percent by gillnet, 4 percent by longline, 

and the rest by hook and line, dragnet, purse seine, and set net 

(Table 5). Annual catches for the trawl fishery decreased 

notably from 1987 to 2000 as Japanese trawling was prohibited in 

U.S. waters and significant catch restrictions were imposed in 

Russia waters. 

Total allowable catch 

In January 1997, Japan began implementing TAC levels for 

several species including Alaska pollock, Japanese sardine, 

Pacific saury, jack mackerel, chub mackerel, Tanner crab, and 

Japanese flying squid (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and 

Fisheries 1999). The TAC is set by the Ministry of Agriculture, 

Forestry, and Fisheries together with prefectural governments 

(Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 1998). 

but due to low catches and abundance, it was decreased to 363,000 

The TAC for Alaska pollock was set at 374,000 mt in 2000, 

-9- 
mt in 2001, and to 325,000 mt in 2002 (Table 6). Only about 56 

percent of the 2001 TAC was landed. 

Japanese catch in U.S. waters 

The Japanese Alaska pollock fishery in Alaskan waters began 

in 1958 in the Bering Sea and in 1961 in the Gulf of Alaska 

(Suisan Sha 1969 ). The fishery grew rapidly in these areas and 

catches peaked in 1972 at 1.65 million mt, about 54 percent of 

its total landings of Alaska pollock for that year (Figure 3). 

Since then, the Japanese harvest of Alaska pollock in U.S. 

waters has declined, following catch restrictions implemented 

after passage of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management 

Act (MFCMA) in 1976 (Table 7). The Alaska pollock catch 

allocation to Japan in U.S. EEZ was reduced from 942,572 mt in 

1980 to only 3,950 mt in 1987. Japanese Alaska pollock fishing 

was phased out in 1987 in the Gulf of Alaska and in 1988 in the 

Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. 

Japanese catch in Soviet/ Russian waters 

Prior to 1977, Japanese fishermen caught large amounts of 

Alaska pollock off the former Soviet Unions‘s coast (Table 8). 

The Soviet Union, however, implemented its EEZ in 1977 and 

government representatives of Russia and Japan have met annually 

in recent years to determine catch quotas in their respective 

200-mile fishing zones. 

Japan’s mutual catch quota which is “free-of-charge” for 

Alaska pollock in Soviet (now Russian) waters was significantly 

reduced from 370,000 mt in 1977 to 51,300 mt in 1986 and to 3,204 

mt in 2002 (Table 8). To supplement Japan’s declining Alaska 

pollock allocation, the Soviets have provided an additional feebased catch allocation since 1987. However, this was also 

reduced steeply from 73,000 mt in 1987 to 11,500 mt in 1992, and 

to only 3,250 mt in 2002. The 2002 combined mutual and fee-based 

catch quota in Russian waters for Alaska pollock was about 6,000 

mt. 

-10- 
Table 4. Japanese landings of fish used for surirni materials by 

species of fish and total annual catch of marine 

fishes, 1951-2001 (1,000 metric tons). 

Sardine Jack Chub Alaska Atka Marine fishes 

Year mackerel mackerel pollock mackerel Croaker Total 

1951 

52 

53 

54 

55 

56 

57 

58 

59 

60 

1961 

62 

63 

64 

65 

66 

67 

68 

69 

70 

1971 

72 

73 

74 

75 

76 

77 

78 

79 

80 

1981 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

1991 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

2000 

2001 

368 

258 

34 4 

24 6 

211 

206 

212 

137 

120 

78 

127 

108 

56 

16 

9 

13 

17 

24 

21 

17 

57 

58 

2 97 

352 

52 6 

1,066 

1,420 

1,637 

1,817 

2,198 

3,089 

3,290 

3,745 

4,179 

3,866 

4,210 

4,362 

4,488 

4,099 

3,678 

3,010 

2,224 

1,714 

1,189 

661 

319 

284 

167 

351 

150 

179 

87 

187 

239 

251 

238 

246 

313 

324 

4 32 

596 

542 

518 

4 63 

520 

5 60 

514 

423 

358 

34 1 

269 

315 

194 

183 

216 

236 

207 

187 

154 

185 

147 

125 

178 

179 

238 

225 

186 

258 

2 97 

286 

337 

321 

2 93 

368 

380 

390 

392 

373 

370 

258 

246 

212 

151 

287 

235 

297 

244 

266 

276 

2 68 

2 95 

351 

338 

4 09 

4 65 

4 96 

669 

624 

687 

1,015 

1,011 

1,302 

1,254 

1,190 

1,135 

1,331 

1,318 

977 

1,355 

1,626 

1,414 

1,301 

908 

718 

805 

814 

773 

94 5 

701 

64 9 

527 

273 

255 

269 

665 

633 

470 

7 60 

849 

511 

382 

34 6 

37 1 

184 

206 

225 

242 

231 

235 

28 1 

285 

37 6 

380 

353 

453 

532 

684 

691 

775 

1,247 

1, 606 

1,944 

2,347 

2,707 

3,035 

3,021 

2,856 

2,677 

2,445 

1,931 

1,546 

1,551 

1,552 

1,595 

1,567 

1,434 

1,621 

1,532 

1,422 

1,313 

1,259 

1,154 

871 

541 

4 99 

382 

37 9 

339 

331 

339 

316 

382 

300 

242 

-* 

- 

- 

- 

- 

121 

106 

48 

100 

116 

185 

122 

150 

205 

107 

106 

82 

87 

103 

147 

147 

181 

115 

144 

115 

22 9 

235 

135 

119 

117 

123 

103 

56 

66 

66 

89 

99 

104 

115 

134 

130 

98 

136 

153 

177 

182 

207 

241 

169 

165 

161 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

98 

112 

107 

115 

12 9 

116 

102 

103 

74 

101 

98 

85 

71 

66 

64 

50 

42 

45 

52 

45 

39 

40 

37 

39 

32 

33 

30 

27 

24 

21 

20 

19 

17 

14 

13 

13 

11 

8 

8 

9 

7 

6 

5 

5 

5 

4 

3,774 

4,646 

4,387 

4,304 

4,658 

4,488 

5,067 

5,198 

5,568 

5,817 

6,287 

6,397 

6,200 

5,868 

6,382 

6, 558 

7,241 

7,993 

7,976 

8,598 

9,149 

9,400 

9,793 

9,749 

9,753 

9,605 

9,688 

9,683 

9,477 

9,909 

10,143 

10,231 

10,697 

11,501 

10,877 

11,341 

11,129 

11,259 

10,440 

9,570 

8,511 

7,771 

7,256 

6,590 

6,007 

5,974 

5,985 

5,315 

5,239 

5,022 

4,730 

-* ...... not available 

Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 1967-2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2002 

-11- 
3,500 

3,000 

2,500 

In 

E 

0 

0 

B 2,000 

.- - LE 

0 1,500 

9 

0 

r 

1.000 

500 

0 

- 

I 

1951 31 66 71 96 

11 

I 

w 

t2001 

Figure 3. Japan's total catch of Alaska pollock and catch of 

Alaska pollock in U.S. waters, 1951-2001 

(1,000 metric tons). 

Sources: International North Pacific Fisheries Commission 1969 

Japan Food Economy Company 1978 

Suisan Sha 1974 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries 

1967, 1970, 1978, 1983, 1999, 2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2002 

-12- 
Table 5. Japanese landings of Alaska pollock by fishery type, 

1987-2000 (metric tons). 

Trawls 

Year Distant Offshore Small Gillnets Longlines Others Total 

1987 840,572 221,014 10,421 202,192 28,056 10,254 1,312,509 

1988 784,178 267,366 9,628 154,310 30,981 9,632 1,259,095 

1989 676,518 240,620 8,091 179,574 33,036 15,911 1,153,750 

1990 417,050 235,615 5,832 169,469 28,114 15,328 871,408 

1991 144,068 223,701 5,760 132,418 27, 940 7,059 540,946 

1992 140,639 214,856 4,103 101,870 25,405 11,883 498,756 

1993 118,419 147,705 2,958 86,566 19,916 6,744 382,308 

1994 121,068 149,959 2,349 70,368 18,802 16,805 379,351 

1995 71,640 162,199 2,453 71,255 16,095 14,865 338,507 

1996 83,104 156,596 2,098 58, 694 16,136 14,535 331,163 

1997 81,898 158,117 1,831 53,195 20,811 22,933 338,785 

1998 49,516 151,242 1,595 70,856 13,795 28,983 315,987 

1999 43,585 177,927 1,563 107 , 650 14 , 291 37,369 382,385 

2000 41,916 160,501 1,466 63,200 12,979 19,939 300,001 

Others include hook and line, dragnet, purse seine, and set net 

Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 1999-2002 

Table 6. Total allowable catch (TAC) and actual landings of 

Alaska pollock, 1997-2002. 

Year TAC Landings * Percent of . .1,000 metric tons.. TAC 

1997 2 67 

1998 311 

1999 37 4 

2000 37 4 

2001 363 

2002 325 

246 

259 

343 

245 

205 

92 

83 

92 

66 

56 

*...Japanese catch in foreign waters are not included 

Sources: Suisan Tsushin Sha 2000, 2001, 2002 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1999, 

2002 

Suisan Sha 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 

Hokkai Keizai Shinbun Sha 2002 

-13- 
Table 7. Japan's Alaska pollock catch allocations and the actual 

catch in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone by region, 

1977-1988 (metric tons) 

Gulf of Alaska Bering Sea/Aluetian Islands Total 

Year (Allocation) (Catch) (Allocation) (Catch) (Allocation) (Catch) 

1977 44,100 42,415 792,300 782,419 836,400 824,834 

1978 40,740 26,093 792,300 821,307 833,040 847,400 

1979 38,279 31,920 774 , 630 779,050 812,909 810,970 

1980 46,745 37,897 895,827 832,993 942,572 870,890 

1981 82,385 51,885 859,502 803,461 941,887 855,346 

1982 90, 907 55,046 845,064 780,351 935,971 835,397 

1983 58,992 47,725 738,313 684,424 797,305 732,149 

1984 77,821 57,864 693,031 665 , 672 770,852 723,536 

1985 25,000 22,937 640,601 620,112 665,601 643,049 

1986 140 114 298,013 262,423 298,153 262,537 

1987 0 0 3,950 3,283 3,950 3,283 

1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 1978-1989 

Table 8. Japan's Alaska pollock catch allocations in the Soviet/ 

Russian waters, 1974-2002 (metric tons) 

Year Mutual quota Paid quota Total quota 

1974 855,000 * 0 855,000* 

1975 652,000 * 0 652,000* 

1976 617,000 * 0 617,000* 

1977 370,000 0 370,000 

1978 345,000 0 345,000 

1979 300,000 0 300,000 

1980 290,000 0 290,000 

1981 290,000 0 290,000 

1982 290,000 0 290,000 

1983 290,000 0 290,000 

1984 270,000 0 270,000 

1985 250,000 0 250,000 

1986 51,300 0 51,300 

1987 51,300 73,430 124,730 

1988 53,860 73,740 127,600 

1989 53,480 67,000 120,480 

1990 25,736 15,000 40,736 

1991 25,727 16,000 41,727 

1992 25,732 11,500 37 , 232 

1993 21,732 7,500 29,232 

1994 21,726 7,100 28,826 

1995 17, 976 7,000 24,976 

1996 14 , 009 3,000 17,009 

1997 14,167 3,000 17,167 

1998 12,167 3,577 15,744 

1999 6,667 3,414 10,081 

2000 6,300 3,370 9, 670 

2001 1,551 3,250 4,801 

2002 3,204 3,250 6,454 

*...Actual catch 

Source: Suisan Sha 1975-2002 

-14- 
IMPORTS 

Japan is the world's largest importer of frozen surimi. In 

2001, Japan imported 309,312 mt of frozen surimi valued at $571 

million (Tables 9 and 10). Frozen Alaska pollock surimi was the 

dominant product imported into Japan in recent years, representing 

as much as 46 percent in volume and 41 percent in value in 2001. 

Frozen threadfin bream surimi was 19 percent in volume and 15 

percent in value, while imports of frozen cod surimi, frozen 

Pacific whiting surimi, and frozen croaker surimi were minor, with 

combined shares of about 4 percent in volume and 5 percent in 

value. Frozen surimi made with other species accounted for 31 

percent in volume and 39 percent in valued. 

Japanese imports of frozen surimi from Alaska pollock came 

mostly from the United States, with lesser quantities imported 

from Russia, the Republic of Korea, China, Argentina, Hong Kong, 

Spain, and Thailand (Tables 11 and 12). Supplies of Alaska 

pollock surimi from the United States increased in 2001 to a 

record level, while shipments of this product from Russia, the 

Republic of Korea, and China decreased sharply. Imports of Alaska 

pollock surimi, however, decreased sharply from 72,499 mt in 

January-July 2001 to 56,834 mt in January-July 2002 due to 

decreased production and exports of surimi by the United States 

(Suisan Keizai Sha 2002). 

between 17,000 and 26,000 mt from 1995 to 2000 (Table 13). The 

United States has consistently been the leading supplier of frozen 

Pacific whiting surimi to Japan, providing over 94 percent of the 

total (Tables 13 and 14). Imports in 2001 declined sharply from 

2000 due mostly to decreased production and exports by the United 

States and Canada of Pacific whiting surimi. Supply of cod and 

Pacific whiting surimi for January-July 2002 was only 1,999 mt 

compared with 3,868 mt for the same period a year earlier. The 

United States supplied 96 percent of the total (Suisan Keizai Sha 

2002). 

29,000 mt in 1995 to 59,000 mt in 2001 (Table 15). The products 

came mostly from Thailand, Hong Kong, and India (Tables 15 and 

16). Since 1998, India replaced Hong Kong as the second leading 

supplier of this product to Japan. 

also imported from Indonesia, Viet Nam, and Myanmar. Japan 

imported 79 mt of this product from the United States in 2001. 

to a high in 1997, but have since shown a downward trend (Tables 

17 and 18). Supplies of frozen croaker surimi from Hong Kong, 

India, and Venezuela to Japan have declined since 1997, while 

shipments of this product from Myanmar have increased sharply. 

Total imports of other frozen surimi have remained fairly 

stable since 1995, ranging between 83,000 and 103,000 mt (Tables 

19 and 20). Thailand and Argentina continued to dominate the 

supplies of other frozen surimi. Supplies of frozen surimi from 

Imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting surimi, fluctuated 

Imports of frozen threadfin bream surimi rose sharply from 

Significant quantities were 

Imports of frozen croaker surimi increased sharply from 1995 

-15- 
the Republic of Korea to Japan have declined sharply since 1995. 

Trade barriers 

Japan regulates imports of surimi with import quota (IQ) and 

tariffs. Import quotas are set once a year, with new quotas 

announced each year. To meet strong demand, the Japanese 

government increased the IQ for Alaska pollock surimi from 19,100 

mt for fiscal year (FY) 1986 to 126,200 mt for FY 1988, and then 

to 205,400 mt for FY 2002 (Table 21). 

While the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and 

Industry is the lead agency in administering the quota system, it 

coordinates its actions closely with the Fisheries Agency of the 

Ministry of Agriculture, forestry, and Fisheries (FAJ). In 

addition to setting quotas for imports, the government also 

controls the allocation among the following recipient groups: 

A. Traders: Trading companies with past import history; 

B. Users: Processors' associations, which usually hire traders 

C. Fishermen: Fishermen or fishery organizations fishing in 

foreign waters and designated by FAJ Director General, 

or those who received import orders from such fishermen or 

fishery organizations; 

orders from the Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation; 

to perform import functions on their behalf; 

D. Overseas fishery development: Companies which received import 

E. First-Come-First-Served: Companies which have import contract 

for Alaska pollock surimi (more than 10 mt) signed after 

the date of this IQ announcement. 

There is a great deal of variation in the amount of quota 

held by recipient groups (Table 21) and individual importers. 

Japanese importers holding surimi import quota allocations are 

listed in Appendix 1. 

Imports of frozen surimi are subject to tariffs. 

United States and Japan are signatories to the World Trade 

Organization (WTO), WTO tariffs apply to U.S. exports of frozen 

surimi and frozen fish meat: 4.2 percent for frozen surimi and 

frozen fish meat of cod, pollack, hake; and 3.5 percent for frozen 

surimi of threadfin bream (Japan Fish Traders Association 2002). 

Tariff rates are calculated as percentage of cost, insurance, 

As the 

and freight (CIF) value. 

-16- 
Table 9. Japanese annual imports of frozen surimi by products 

and volume, 1986-2001 (metric tons). 

Alaska Cod/ Threadfin Other 

Year pollock Pacific whitinq bream Croaker surimi Total 

1995 149,165 19,487 33,592 5,404 82,679 290,327 

1996 126,750 17,228 28 , 507 6,431 87,073 265,989 

1997 125,011 26,285 37,319 10,408 103,007 302,030 

1998 108,221 17,700 36,365 7,608 84,149 254,043 

1999 103,740 20 , 121 45,098 8,326 88,309 265,594 

2000 106,505 17,577 49,741 7,951 87,474 269,248 

2001 142,213 6,034 59,131 7,365 94 , 569 309,312 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Table 10. Japanese annual imports of frozen surimi by products 

and value, 1986-2001 (U.S. $1,000). 

Alaska Threadfin Other 

Year pollock Cod bream Croaker surimi Total 

1995 411,316 52,428 84,848 17,054 285,756 851,402 

1996 268,285 28,814 64,478 19,776 292,780 674,133 

1997 322,832 66,675 86,755 31,503 331,191 838 , 956 

1998 209,569 24,722 56,473 15,759 203,008 509,531 

1999 259,175 41,208 83,880 20,140 239,375 643,778 

2000 207,465 29,881 86,506 22,013 231 , 950 577,815 

2001 233,284 9,213 86,020 18,042 224,463 571,022 

~ ~~~ 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-17- 
Table 11. Japanese imports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

country of origin and volume, 1995-2001 (metric tons). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

U. S .A. 124,074 110,480 110,957 93,719 89,745 99,118 137,193 

Russia 22,071 15,715 12,650 13,315 13,697 7,387 4,676 

Korea, rep. 1,764 211 1,039 999 298 0 278 

China 1,256 339 349 0 0 0 48 

Argentina 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 

Hong Kong 0 0 0 188 0 0 0 

Spain 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 

Thailand 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 149,165 126,750 125,011 108,221 103,740 106,505 142,213 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Table 12. Japanese imports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

country of origin and value, 1995-2001 (U.S. $1,000). 

Countrv 2 of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

U.S.A. 

Russia 

Korea, rep. 

China 

Argentina 

Hong Kong 

Spain 

Thailand 

343,153 231,919 283,638 180,480 223,460 191,907 225,370 

60,295 35,280 35,909 27,035 34,880 15,558 7,287 

4,660 459 2,457 1,974 835 0 472 

3,208 611 786 0 0 0 122 

0 0 0 0 0 0 33 

0 0 0 79 0 0 0 

0 0 42 0 0 0 0 

0 16 0 0 0 0 0 

Total 411,316 268,285 322,832 209,569 259,175 207,465 233,284 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-18- 
Table 13. Japanese imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting 

surimi (excluding Alaska pollock surimi) by country of 

origin and volume, 1995-2001 (metric tons). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

U.S.A. 18,738 16,407 24,838 17,010 19,077 16,519 5,918 

Chile 68 8 62 4 54 4 0 0 100 95 

Canada 20 19 903 646 1,044 796 21 

Russia 0 50 0 0 0 142 0 

Argentina 41 128 0 26 0 20 0 

Thailand 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 

Total 19,487 17,228 26,285 17,700 20,121 17,577 6,034 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Table 14. Japanese imports of frozen cod and Pacific whiting 

surimi (excluding Alaska pollock surimi) by country of 

origin and value, 1995-2001 (U.S. $1,000). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

U.S.A. 50,872 27,169 63,099 23,708 39,320 28,048 8,964 

Chile 1,468 1,353 1,380 0 0 205 218 

Canada 45 28 2,195 921 1,889 1,321 32 

Russia 0 127 0 0 0 2 65 0 

Argentina 42 136 0 63 0 41 0 

Thailand 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 

Total ' 52,428 28 , 814 66,675 24,722 41,208 29,881 9,213 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-19- 
Table 15. Japanese imports of frozen threadfin bream surimi by 

country of origin and volume, 1995-2001 (metric tons). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thai land 

India 

Indonesia 

Viet Nam 

Myanmar 

U.S.A. 

Singapore 

China 

Ma 1 ays i a 

Hong- Kong 

Korea, Rep. 

24,167 21,582 24,547 31,167 38,076 40,689 40,909 

478 277 2,786 3,375 5,857 7,436 14,835 

0 86 836 600 822 1,178 2,707 

138 5 179 191 74 39 309 

34 4 119 163 132 356 220 

0 0 0 0 24 0 79 

0 0 0 8 24 0 54 

201 125 34 5 50 18 18 

154 54 71 96 40 24 1 

8,419 6,351 8,748 747 0 0 0 

0 24 0 0 0 0 0 - 

Taiwan 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 

Total 33,592 28,507 37,319 36,365 45,098 49,741 59,131 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Table 16. Japanese imports of frozen threadfin bream surimi by 

country of origin and value, 1995-2001 (U.S. $1,000). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thailand 

India 

Indone s ia 

Vi et Nam 

Myanmar 

U.S.A. 

Singapore 

China 

Malaysia 

Hong Kong 

Korea, Rep. 

Taiwan 

Total 

62,507 46,266 56,966 48,556 72,589 71,670 60,455 

1,306 469 5,232 4,731 9,739 12,667 21,062 

0 202 2,028 8 62 939 1,504 3,632 

209 8 383 397 141 70 346 

85 8 216 2 52 197 519 289 

0 0 0 0 40 0 12 1 

0 0 0 11 48 0 84 

52 6 352 85 7 105 40 25 

328 89 152 136 82 36 7 

19,886 17,027 21,693 1,509 0 0 0 

0 57 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 13 0 0 0 

84,848 64,478 86,755 56,473 83,880 86,506 86,020 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-20- 
Table 17. Japanese imports of frozen croaker surimi by 

country of origin and volume, 1995-2001 (metric tons). 

Country of oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thailand 3,528 3,448 4,273 4,435 4,938 4,409 4,543 

China 1,251 902 1,976 1,511 1,765 1,507 1,509 

India 49 630 1,167 915 1,127 1,089 613 

Myanmar 108 62 141 150 2 63 390 406 

Mexico 154 206 153 75 179 195 125 

Venezuela 108 216 52 8 125 20 284 76 

Indonesia 0 40 89 40 5 0 72 

17 15 18 25 16 18 17 

5 

Taiwan 

0 

Viet Nam 103 10 17 3 0 0 

Korea, Rep. 0 2 1 0 0 0 

Hong Kong 65 901 2,047 328 0 0 0 

Panama 0 0 0 0 2 0 

21 0 0 0 10 60 0 

0 

Total 5,404 6,431 10,408 7,608 8,326 7,951 7,365 

Malaysia 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Table 18. Japanese imports of frozen croaker surimi by 

countries of origin and value, 1995-2001 

(U.S. $1,000). 

Country of oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thailand 

China 

India 

Myanmar 

Mexico 

Venezuela 

Indonesia 

Taiwan 

Viet Nam 

Korea, Rep. 

Hong Kong 

Malaysia 

Panama 

Total 

11,316 9,589 12,938 9,113 11,986 13,039 11,012 

3,808 2,789 4,967 4,102 4,440 4,123 4,125 

89 1,386 2,693 1,450 2,321 2,095 1,199 

328 158 373 278 4 69 782 765 

730 935 654 331 799 855 559 

304 624 1,486 359 28 92 7 234 

0 90 232 47 6 0 100 

57 46 55 63 41 44 42 

180 46 52 10 0 0 7 

0 3 2 0 0 0 0 

212 4,109 8,050 5 0 0 0 

50 

__ 0 0 0 44 149 0 

0 0 0 0 5 0 0 

17,054 19,776 31,503 15,759 20,140 22,013 18,042 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-21- 
Table 19. Japanese imports of frozen other surimi by major 

countries of origin and volume, 1995-2001 

(metric tons). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thai land 32,644 28,433 35,190 32,329 34,358 34,587 40,798 

Argentina 21,502 19,905 23,201 21,107 22,356 22,407 16,654 

Chile 4,527 7,937 8,469 9,736 8,200 6,613 9,887 

China 8,440 10,525 13,007 8,994 10,014 10,424 9,706 

Panama 0 0 0 2 350 1,992 3,286 

Denmark 29 114 70 35 156 595 2,809 

Korea, Rep. 8,175 6,782 6,077 5,517 4,048 2,702 2,171 

Viet Nam 795 1,266 1,695 1,301 1,467 1,716 1,976 

Peru 698 618 1,122 981 1,705 1,518 1,931 

U.S.A. 2,169 1,632 2,935 1,152 1,585 1,063 1,528 

India 1 144 811 91 474 653 1,019 

Norway 205 207 139 3 92 910 1,021 855 

Indonesia 139 528 2,243 7 82 225 343 535 

New Zealand 59 109 86 45 637 23 32 8 

U.K. 20 0 16 46 280 229 214 

Venezuela 0 0 4 3 236 56 168 

Philippine 52 5 635 474 388 201 174 82 

Iceland 200 81 61 107 50 558 65 

Myanmar 341 50 24 17 29 32 42 

Taiwan 665 554 2,123 359 183 144 41 

Hong Kong 976 6,913 4,625 271 21 0 2 

Malaysia 350 91 55 24 0 18 0 

Others 219 549 58 0 470 824 60 6 472 

Total 82,679 87,073 103,007 84,149 88,309 87,474 94,569 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-22- 
Table 20. Japanese imports of frozen other surimi by major 

countries of origin and value, 1995-2001 

(U.S. $1,000). 

Country of 

oriqin 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Thai 1 and 92,467 78,901 94,021 60,615 74,021 75,164 77,670 

China 36,147 46,453 60,134 36,469 40,972 48,522 48,203 

Argentina 59,908 40,099 56,456 36,468 50,013 44,172 28,982 

Chile 11,778 19,156 23,637 20,682 20,544 16,015 22,957 

Korea, Rep. 57,073 47,902 42,637 27,863 23,995 19,592 15,779 

Viet Nam 2,612 4,044 5,650 4,985 4,554 4,833 5,937 

Peru 1,889 1,784 3,378 2,957 4,681 3,722 5,072 

Denmark 98 306 172 72 786 1,144 4,271 

Norway 937 1,067 558 2,382 4,118 4,467 4,154 

U.S.A. 5,194 2,948 5,475 1,652 3,530 2,124 2,497 

India 2 237 1,345 112 585 738 1,092 

Indonesia 535 1,227 5,245 1,324 419 543 1,031 

Panama 0 0 0 4 109 584 985 

New Zealand 165 242 246 145 1,554 91 707 

Philippine 5,472 6,679 3,294 1,883 1,157 1,278 54 0 

U.K. 37 0 23 170 766 622 489 

Iceland 1,418 1,006 808 1,026 770 1,194 478 

Venezuela 0 0 5 4 338 81 250 

Taiwan 1,717 1,413 3,674 945 8 90 430 70 

Myanmar 1,000 116 70 40 300 343 191 

Hong Kong 4,517 34,054 21,106 161 24 0 7 

Malaysia 72 6 138 98 35 0 81 0 

Others 2,064 5,008 3,159 3,014 5,249 6,210 3,101 

Total 285,756 292 , 780 331 , 191 203,008 239,375 231,950 224 , 463 

Total may not add due to rounding 

Source: Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

-23- 
Table 21. Allocation of Japanese import quotas for Alaska pollock 

and Alaska pollock surimi by recipient groups for 

Japan's fiscal years* 1986-1988 and 1998-2002 

(metric tons). 

Fiscal Total Traders Users Fishermen Overseas First-comeyear First-served 

Alaska pollock (round weight) and Alaska pollock surimi** 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

95,500 f** - - 147,000 - - - 631,000 - - - 

1,027,000 91 , 500 55,500 180,000 

1,027,000 91,500 55,500 180,000 

1,027,000 100,940 63,060 160,000 

1,027,000 100,940 63,060 160,000 

1,027,000 100,940 63,060 160,000 

- 

- 

700,000 

700,000 

700,000 

700; 000 

700,000 

0 

0 

3,000 

3,000 

3,000 

*.... Japan's fiscal year extends from April 1 through March 31 of 

**.. If imported as surimi, fish weight shall be calculated by 

-***..not available 

the following year. 

multiplying surimi weight by 5. 

Source: U.S. embassy, Tokyo 1989, 1998-2002 

-24- 
EXPORTS 

Japanese exports of frozen surimi from 1988 through 2001 are 

summarized in Table 22. In 2001, Japan exported 3,749 mt, 

amounting to $9.85 million worth of frozen surimi, a decrease of 18 

percent in volume and in value from the 2000 level. 

meager 700 mt until about 1980 (Table 23). Exports began to rise 

sharply in 1981 and continued the trend through 1986. Total 

exports of surimi increased almost 10 times, from 709 mt in 1980 to 

6,676 mt in 1986. The U.S. share of the exports was about 91 

percent in 1986. 

The sudden surge in the Japanese sale of frozen Alaska pollock 

surimi to the United States from 1981 to 1986 stemmed from the 

interest shown by the U.S. food industry in producing imitation 

crab meat in this country. Exports of Alaska pollock surimi to the 

United States began to decline in 1987. 

In 2001, Japan exported only 309 mt of frozen Alaska pollock 

surimi, a decrease of 53 percent from the 660 mt exported during 

2000. Taiwan was the major market taking 41 percent in volume of 

Japanese exports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi in 2001. Other 

important buyers in 2001 were the Republic of Korea (34 percent), 

China (15 percent) and New Zealand (11 percent). The United States 

has not purchased frozen Alaska pollock surimi since 2000. 

Exports of frozen other surimi in 2001 also showed a decrease 

from 2000 (Table 24). Much of the decrease was due to lower 

exports to New Zealand. New Zealand was by far the largest market 

purchasing 74 percent in volume of Japanese exports of this 

product. Other important buyers for frozen other surimi in 2001 

were the Republic of Korea (17 percent) and the United States 

(4 percent). 

Japan's export of frozen Alaska pollock surimi hovered near a 

-25- 
Table 22. Japan's annual exports of frozen surimi by 

volume and value, 1988-2001. 

Year Alaska pollock Other surimi Total 

Volume* Value** Volume* Value** Volume* Value** 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

724 

398 

707 

1,486 

1,155 

70 

163 

39 

843 

2,627 

1,085 

596 

660 

309 

207 

115 

246 

7 63 

4 65 

22 

44 

14 

188 

1,449 

436 

125 

108 

46 

163 60 

272 75 

77 48 

160 83 

424 133 

126 35 

1,161 314 

5,028 992 

3,805 776 

2,788 1,218 

639 202 

2 92 317 

3,892 1,346 

3,440 1,145 

887 2 67 

67 0 190 

784 294 

1,646 846 

1,579 598 

196 57 

1,324 358 

5,067 1,006 

4,648 964 

5,415 2,667 

1,724 638 

888 442 

4,552 1,454 

3,749 1,191 

volume* in metric tons 

value**in million yen 

Sources: Ministry of Finance 1989-2002 

-26- 
Table 23. Japan's exports of frozen Alaska pollock surimi by 

major countries of destination and volume, 

1974-2001 (metric tons) 

Year Total U. S .A. Taiwan China Korea, Hong New Australia 

Rep. of Konq Zealand 

1974 

1975 

1976 

1977 

1978 

1979 

1980 

1981 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

603 599 

695 68 6 

489 488 

7 93 771 

661 655 

693 68 1 

709 703 

92 8 829 

1,276 1,114 

1,963 1,708 

2,580 2,306 

5,158 4,801 

6,676 6,056 1,233 - 

724 13 

398 12 

707 3 

1,486 6 

1,155 60 

70 2 

163 3 

39 1 

843 1 

2,627 2 

1,085 1 

596 1 

660 0 

309 0 

65 

90 

77 

79 

16 

0 

0 

0 

100 

110 

217 

144 

253 

126 

- - 

- - - 

- - 

- - - - - - - - - - 

- - - - 

- - 

- - 

- - 

115 230 

173 20 

22 514 

63 1,186 

0 6 92 

0 0 

23 0 

1 36 

19 395 

14 0 

7 0 

20 347 

117 2 90 

45 105 

-* .... not available 

0** ... no exports 

Total may include other countries not listed 

Sources: Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation 1975-1988 

Ministry of Finance 1988-2002 

Sonu 1975-1991 

-27- 
Table 24. Japan's exports of frozen other surimi by 

major countries of destination and volume, 

1988-2001 (metric tons) 

Year Total U.S.A. Taiwan China Korea, Hong New Australia 

Rep. of Konq Zealand 

1988 163 47 1 1 1 5 100 O* 

1989 272 34 0 10 1 1 205 0 

1990 77 15 18 11 3 1 0 0 

1991 160 38 0 1 61 1 0 1 

1992 424 43 24 0 334 1 21 1 

1993 12 6 11 28 0 83 3 0 0 

1994 1,161 43 1 1 65 191 834 0 

1995 5,028 15 18 15 1,533 2,427 1,012 0 

1996 3,805 8 3 7 672 3,100 0 1 

1997 2,788 61 113 124 1,109 1,365 0 0 

1998 639 42 45 99 400 47 0 1 

1999 2 92 109 26 50 25 32 1 0 

2001 3,440 154 11 111 599 1 2,542 1 

O* ... no exports 

Total may include other countries not listed 

2000 3,892 119 180 537 49 16 2,945 18 

Sources: Ministry of Finance 1989-2002 

COLD STORAGE HOLDINGS 

Table 25 shows Japan's monthly inventories of frozen Alaska 

pollock surimi, frozen surimi (excluding Alaska pollock surimi), 

and total frozen surimi between 1987 and 2002. Monthly average 

inventories of Alaska pollock surimi, frozen surimi, and total 

frozen surimi for May, June, and July 2002 were lower than the 

level in the same period a year earlier due mainly to decreased 

supply from imports. 

frozen surimi had been lower than the level in the preceding year. 

From the January 1999 to July 2002, Japanese inventories of 

-28- 
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-30- 
SUPPLY 

The annual supply of frozen surimi for the Japanese market and 

for export is comprised of the cold storage inventory on January 1, 

plus domestic production and imports. The annual supply reached a 

record high in 1986 due to sharply increased imports (Figure 4). 

Total annual supply decreased steadily from 1987 to 1991 because 

imports did not make up for decreased domestic production. In 

2001, however, sharply increased imports of frozen surimi helped 

avert a large deficit in supply, as the production was at a 34-year 

low (Tables 1 and 9). 

Between 1992 and 2001, annual frozen surimi supplies ranged 

between 502,000 and 567,000 mt, averaging 527,699 mt. During this 

period Japanese production averaged 143,921 mt per year, about 27 

percent of the total supply. The January inventory averaged 

113,714 mt (22 percent), and imports 270,699 mt (51 percent). The 

percentage of the market supplied by imports increased from 43 

percent in 1992 to 61 percent in 2001. 

1972 76 80 84 88 92 96 2000 

, Year 

Figure 4. Japanese annual supply of frozen surimi , 1972-2001 

(metric tons). 

Sources: Japan Surimi Association 1984 

Hokkai Keizai Sha 2002 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 1974- 

2002; Suisan Tsushin Sha 2002; Minato Shinbun Sha 

2002; Japan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Sonu 1986 

-31- 
DEMAND 

Japanese demand of frozen surimi (supply minus exports and the 

cold storage inventory on December 31) was 418,977 mt in 2001, an 

increase of 2 percent compared with 2000 (Table 26). Between 1990 

and 2001, annual demand of frozen surimi averaged 413,088 mt per 

year. 

Table 26. Japanese demand for frozen surimi, 1972-2001 

(metric tons) 

Year Supply Exports Inventory 

1972 

1973 

1974 

1975 

1976 

1977 

1978 

1979 

1980 

1981 

1982 

1983 

1984 

1985 

1986 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

436,042 

466,082 

435,405 

452,683 

499,233 

493,932 

480,642 

505,928 

469,190 

494,827 

556,116 

573,549 

629,265 

638,388 

730,731 

593,249 

590,087 

562,632 

521,484 

521,021 

526,515 

567,375 

544,090 

558,891 

521,945 

534 , 678 

502,158 

511,145 

-* 

- 

603 

692 

489 

7 93 

661 

693 

709 

928 

1,276 

1,963 

2,580 

5,158 

6,676 

1,233 

887 

67 0 

784 

1,646 

1,579 

196 

1,324 

5,067 

4,648 

5,415 

1,724 

888 

43,000 

51,105 

65,000 

75,000 

80,483 

106,080 

124,735 

95,598 

127,384 

146,882 

134,834 

125,860 

133,481 

117,855 

108,708 

135,942 

129,289 

125,841 

109,832 

116,274 

155,369 

133,688 

114,010 

126,870 

89,025 

106,299 

99, 615 

109,164 

2000 503,574 4,552 86,828 

2001 506,621 3,749 83,895 

Demand 

393,042 

414,977 

369,802 

376,991 

418,261 

387,059 

355,246 

409,637 

341,097 

347,017 

420,006 

445,726 

493,204 

515,375 

615,347 

456,074 

459,911 

436,121 

410,868 

403,101 

369,567 

433,491 

428,756 

426,954 

428,272 

422,964 

400,819 

401,093 

412,194 

418 , 977 

-* ..... not available 

Sources: Japan Surimi Association 1984 

Hokkai Keizai Sha 2002 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, & Fisheries 1974- 

2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha 2002; Minato Shinbun Sha 2002 

Sonu 1986 

JaDan Fish Traders Association 1996-2002 

Jaban Frozen Foods Inspection Corporation 1975-1988 

Ministrv of Finance 1988-2002 

Sonu 1935-1991 

-32- 
MARKETS 

Surimi is usually sold with a set price at consumer 

wholesale markets located in consumption areas, and at production 

wholesale markets located at Japanese ports of landings. Surimi 

is also sold directly to processors and representatives of 

supermarket chains. 

production wholesale markets for fish and fishery products in 

Japan (Suisan sha 1993 and 1995). The largest consumer wholesale 

fish market is the Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. In 2001, this 

market handled about 718,000 mt of fish and fishery products 

valued at about $5.1 billion (Tokyo Metropolitan Government 

2002). It therefore plays an important role in providing 

indicators about supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. 

Wholesale prices at the Tokyo Central Wholesale Market generally 

serve as price indices for fishery products throughout the world. 

Wholesale prices for surimi vary widely, depending on 

quality, origin, species, supply and demand, and other factors. 

Tables 27-31 show monthly average wholesale prices of frozen 

surimi in Japan between 1987 and January-June 2002. Figures 5-9 

compare monthly cold storage holdings and wholesale prices of 

surimi in Japan from 1987 through January-June 2002. Monthly 

average wholesale prices for frozen surimi fluctuated 

considerably during that period. The fluctuations were 

influenced mainly by the quantities in cold storage holdings; 

usually, the lower the cold storage holdings, the higher the 

prices and vice versa. 

Wholesale prices for frozen surimi generally fall during 

summer. In 2002, however, summer prices did not decline, due to 

reduced imports and low levels of inventory of frozen surimi. 

Average wholesale prices of frozen surimi in June 2002 were up 8- 

19 percent from prices for December 2001 and 4-15 percent higher 

than prices for the same period in 2001. Japanese imports of 

Alaska pollock surimi decreased from 10,663 mt in June 2001 to 

1,371 mt in June 2002 (Suisan Keizai Shimbun Sha 2002). 

Figure 10 shows annual average wholesale prices of frozen 

surimi including all species and grades at 10 central wholesale 

markets in major cities in'Japan between 1983 and January-June 

2002, in comparison with annual average wholesale prices of 

Alaska pollock at 59 markets in major landing ports for the same 

period. The price trends of wholesale prices of frozen surimi at 

10 major markets and wholesale prices of Alaska pollock at 59 

markets in landing ports showed similar patterns. Informed 

sources cite price of Alaska pollock as an additional important 

factor affecting the price of surimi. 

There are about 270 consumer and 340 

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-43- 
. - -a - Alaska pollock prices I- 740 Y 

83 86 89 92 95 98 01 I 

Year 

Figure 10. Annual average wholesale prices of surimi at 10 

central wholesale markets in major cities and annual 

average wholesale prices of Alaska pollock at 59 

markets in major landing ports in Japan, 

1 98 3 -2 0 02 * (yen/ kg) 

2002* ... January-June 2002 

Sources: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 

1985-2002 

Suisan Tsushin Sha, 2001, 2002 

Suishan Keizai Shinbun Sha 2001, 2002 

-44- 
SURIMI-BASED PRODUCTS 

For many centuries, the Japanese have practiced the art of 

manufacturing surimi-based products. Traditional methods 

consisted of processing the fish into raw surimi and then 

kneading it immediately into a finished product. 

and raw surimi would denature quickly, the entire process had to 

be performed without much delay after the fish was landed (Okada 

1981). 

the traditional methods for making surimi-based products. With 

year-round availability of frozen surimi, manufacturers of 

surimi-based products were no longer dependent on unstable local 

fish catches and fresh surimi. The tremendous expansion of the 

surimi-base product industry was made possible by this important 

change. 

Since both fish 

The advent of stable frozen surimi in 1960 revolutionized 

The majority of surimi-based products, approximately 70 

percent, is comprised of various types of fish cake called 

"kamaboko". About 30 percent of surimi-based products are 

represented by yaki-chikuwa (broiled surimi product), fish 

sausage, and fish ham (Table 32). 

steamed kamaboko, fried kamaboko, and boiled kamaboko. Typical 

steamed kamaboko is called itatsuki (board-mounted) kamaboko, but 

the variety also includes imitation shellfish. Typical fried 

kamaboko (age-kamaboko) products are satuma-age and tempura. 

Typical boiled kamaboko is hampen, a spongy marshmallow-like 

product which contains entrapped air. 

surimi product which has the shape of a hollow bamboo stem. 

listed under the category of "flavored" kamaboko only since 1987. 

Until that time, it was included in the category of "other 

kamabo ko" . 

Kamaboko products are divided among three major categories: 

Yaki-chikuwa is broiled 

In Table 32 the production of imitation crab meat has been 

The main ingredient of surimi-based products is a 

homogeneous gel of ground fish muscle, obtained by kneading the 

thawed frozen surimi or raw surimi into a paste with salt. It 

also contains other ingredients such as sugar, starch, sweet 

sake, and monosodium glutamate. 

Table 32 and figure 11 summarize annual production of 

surimi-based products by Japan since 1957. 

at 1,185,100 mt in 1973, but decreased continuously, to 702,920 

mt in 2001. 

The production peaked 

-45- 
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-47- 
1,400 

1,200 1 

1957 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 

Year 

93 97 20011 

Figure 11. Japanese Production of Surimi-based Products 

(1,000 metric tons), 1957-2001. 

Sources: National Surimi Association 1984 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 

Suisan Tsushin Sha June 27, 2001 

1959-2001 

-48- 
REFERENCES 

Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto, and N. Scialabba. 1990. FA0 

species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world. 

FAO, Rome. 442 p 

FAO. 1955-2001. [Annual report series] . FA0 yearbook, fishery 

statistics, catches and landings. Food and Agriculture 

Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 

Hokkai Keizai Shinbun Sha. 2002, [Japanese daily fishery 

newspaper; in Japanese]. Nikkan Hokkai Keizai. 

Otaru, Japan. 2p. 

International North Pacific Fisheries Commission. 1967-1996. 

Statistical year book 1965-1992. Vancouver, Canada. 

Japan Food Economy Company. 1978. Shokuhin Sangyo sogo Tokei 

Nenpo [Annual statistics of food industry in Japanese]. 

Tokyo, Japan. 257 p. 

Japan Fish Traders Association. 1996-2002. Japanese 

imports of marine products (statistics). Tokyo, Japan. 

Japan Frozen Foods Inspection cooperation. 1975-1988. Japanese 

fishery exports by selected species. Tokyo, Japan. 

Japan Surimi Association. 1984. Reito surimi 25-nen. [Frozen 

surimi 25-years in Japanese] Tokyo, Japan. 508 

Koslow, J.A. 1976. Pacific Pollock-Already Overfished ? Sea 

Frontiers. 98-105 p. 

Minato Shinbun Sha. 1987-2002 [Japanese daily fisheries and food 

news in Japanese]. Shimonoseki, Japan. 4 p. 

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 1967-2002. 

[annual report series]. Gyogyo yoshoku nenpo [Annual 

production of fisheries and culture in Japanese]. Statistics 

and Information Department. Tokyo, Japan. 

-. 1974-2002. [Annual report series]. Gyogyo suisanbutsu ryutsu 

tokei nenpo [Annual statistics of fishery marketing in 

Japanese]. Statistics and Information Department. Tokyo, 

Japan. 

-.1998-2000. Annual report on Japan’s fisheries. Tokyo, Japan. 

Ministry of Finance. 1988-2002. Shuyo Suisan Yunyu Boeki Tokei 

[Fishery Import Statistics by Major Species in Japanese]. 

Trade Statistics Department. Tokyo, Japan. 

newspaper in Japanese]. Nikkan Shokuro Shinbun. Tokyo, 

Japan. 2 p. 

Nikkan Shokuryo Shinbun Sha. 2001 [Japanese daily fishery 

-49- 
REFERENCES 

Okada, M., T. Imaki, and M. Yokozeki. 1981. Kneaded Seafood 

Sonu, C.S. 1986. Surimi. U.S. Department of Commerce. National 

Products. Koseisha Koseikaku . Tokyo, Japan. 455 p. 

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine 

Fisheries Service, Southwest Region. Long Beach, CA. 122 p. 

reports]. U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries 

Service, Southwest Region. Long Beach, CA. 4 p. 

-. Foreign Fishery Information Release. 1975-1991 [Biweekly 

Suisan Keizai Shinbun Sha. 2001, 2002. [Japanese daily fishery 

newspapers in Japanese]. Nikkan Suisan Keizai Shinbun. 

Tokyo, Japan. 4 p. 

Suisan Sha. 1969, 1974-2002. Suisan nenkan [Annual fishery 

statistics in Japanese]. Tokyo, Japan. 

Suisan Tsushin Sha. 2000, 2001, 2002. [Japanese daily fishery 

newspapers in Japanese]. Nikkan Suisan Tsushin. Tokyo, 

Japan. 4 p. 

Tokyo Metropolitan Government. 1989-2002 [Annual report series]. 

Tokyo to Chuo Oroshiuri Ichiba Nenpo [Tokyo central 

wholesale market, annual report]. Tokyo, Japan. 

U.S. Embassy, Fisheries. 2002. Major Japanese surimi importers. 

-. 1989, 1998-2002. Japanese import quota. Commercial Service 

Commercial Service Section, Tokyo, Japan. 

Section, Tokyo, Japan. 

U.S. Department of Commerce. 2002. United States Exports. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries Statistics Division. 

-. 1978-1989. Fisheries of the United States 1979-1990. 

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National 

Marine Fisheries Service, Fisheries Statistics and Economic 

Division. 

-50- 
Appendix 1. Japanese Surimi Importers with Import Quota 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

E MAIL: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

Anyo Fisheries Co., Ltd. (Tokyo) 

2-9-1 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004 

81-3-3593-0669 

81-3-3593-0685 

Azabu Shokuhin K.K. 

2-2-1 Azabudai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0041 

Beniko K.K. 

2-14-8 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061 

C and C, K.K. 

3-11-12 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 

Chosen Sangyo K.K. 

1-2-17 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

Co-op Trade Japan Ltd. 

3-29-8 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8913 

Mr. Katsuyoshi Zenbutsu, Manager, Fresh Food 

81-3-5778-8060 

81-3-5778-8160 

katsuyoshi.zenbutsu@jccu.coop 

Daido Boeki Koshi, K.K. 

5-2-15 Miyuki-doei, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 

Daiei 

Charman Tsukiji Akashicho 5-13 Akashicho, Chuo-ku, 

Tokyo 

Daimaru Kogyo Ltd., Agricultural & Marine Products 

Dept. 

Daimaru Core Bldg., 2-18-11 Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo 

Mr. Haruji Fujimori 

135-8510 

81-3-3820-7123 

81-3-3820-7089 

Dainichi Suisan K.K. 

2-1-2 Kajiyacho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 652 

81-78-681-3333 

Dairoku, K.K. 

1-1-12 Minato, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

-51- 
COMPANY: Daitoh Koun K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-7-9 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Direct, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 2-11-10 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Eastern Products Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 2-8-4 Kachidoki, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0054 

CONTACT: Mr . Kaoru Fukuda, Manager 

PHONE 81-3-3533-5911 

FAX : 81-3-3533-5918 

EMAIL: epctobu@blue . ocn. ne. jp 

COMPANY: Endo Shoji, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 4-7-28 Yamada, Itami, Hyogo 

COMPANY: Esashi Gyogyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: 12 Esashi, Esashicho, Esashi-gun, Hokkaido 

COMPANY: Eyu, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 5-12-1 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: FIT Trading Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 5-9-5-102 Uozaki-kitamachi, Tokai-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 

CONTACT: Mr. Mitsutaka Ikeda, Managing Director 

658-0082 

PHONE 81-78-453-4325 

FAX : 81-78-453-4324 

EMAIL : fittrd@silver.ocn.ne.jp 

COMPANY: Godak Marketing Corp. 

ADDRESS: Tsukiji First Bldg., 4-7-3 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104 

CONTACT: Mr. Kimihiko Araya, President 

PHONE 81-3-3545-3771 

FAX : 81-3-3545-3734 

EMAIL : tokyo@godak.co.jp 

COMPANY: Goshoku, Co., Ltd. Tokyo Branch 

ADDRESS: 6-17-4 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 

CONTACT: Mr. Yuichi Sunagawa, Executive Director 

PHONE : 81-3-3542-5699 

FAX : 81-3-3545-1604 

EMAIL: y.sunagawa@goshoku.co.jp 

WEB SITE: http://www.goshoku.co.jp 

COMPANY: Hamaya Gyogyo K. K. 

ADDRESS: 1-18 Chishimacho, Nemuro, Hokkaido 

-52- 
COMPANY: Hanwa Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Food Dept. 

ADDRESS: 1-13-10 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8429 

CONTACT: Mr. Masayoshi Kojima, Manager, Food No. 2 Dept. 

PHONE : 81-3-3544-2015 

FAX : 81-3-3544-2050 

EMAIL : ko j ima@hanwa. co. jp 

COMPANY: Hanwa Kogyo K.K. (Osaka 

ADDRESS: 4-3-9 Fushimicho, Chuo-ku, Osaka 

CONTACT: Mr. Tetsuro Yamamoto, Manager 

PHONE : 81-6-6206-3319 

FAX : 81-6-6206-338 9 

COMPANY: Haruki Sho j i 

ADDRESS: 5-32 Kamekawa-chuocho, Beppu, Oita 

COMPANY: Hayakawa Tsusho 

ADDRESS: 4-6-6 Myojincho, Hachioji, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Henderson Trippe K.K. 

ADDRESS: 527 Hibiya Park Bldg., 1-8-1 Yurakucho 

CONTACT: Mr. Ohji Matsuo 

Chiyoda-ku, Toyama 100 

PHONE 81-3-327 1-2 921 

FAX : 81-3-3271-2922 

COMPANY: Hinomaru Sangyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: 81-32-1 Takagicho, Fukui, Fukui 

COMPANY: Hiroshima Trading Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 3-4-4 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 

CONTACT: Mr. Masao Kumura 

COMPANY: Hohsui Coporation 

ADDRESS: Kyoei Bldg., 1-6-1 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8412 

CONTACT: Mr. Hiroshi Imachi, President 

PHONE : 81-3-3297-8181 

FAX : 81-3-3297-8205 

EMAIL : omata@hohsui.co.jp 

WEB SITE: http://www.hohsui.co.jp/ 

COMPANY: Hokkai Seafoods Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Tsukiji Asakawa Bldg., 11-3 Akashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

CONTACT: Mr. Koichi Yamamoto 

104-0044 

PHONE : 81-3-3546-1261 

FAX : 81-3-35461260 

-53- 
COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

Hoko Fishing Co., Ltd. 

1-2-4 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 

Mr. Shigeyuki Sanjo, Managing Director 

81-3-3542-5644 

81-3-3545-2167 

Hokuyo Kyodo Gyogyo K.K. 

1-8-10 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

Mr. Tetsuya Araya, President 

81-3-3508-1411 

81-3-3508-1445 

Honami Bussan Co., Ltd. 

Gyokou Bldg. Room505, 1-16-1 Yamato-cho 

Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0065 

81-832-67-5670 

81-832-66-2181 

Honda Trading, K.K. 

Daiichi Tekko Bldg 2F 1-8-2 Marunouchi 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

Ihara & Co., Ltd. 

1-24 Funabacho, Rumoi, Hokkaido 077 

Mr. Miura-san 

81-164-43-0001 

81-164-43-4707 

y-miura@po.teleway.ne.jp 

J Ocean, K.K. 

Maison d'Or New 2-16 Akashicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Japan Food K.K. 

3-11-36 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

JALUX, K.K. 

JAL Building, 2-4-11 Higashi-shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, 

Tokyo 140 

Mr. Koji Yagi, Nosuisan-bu 

81-3-5460-7151 

81-3-5460-7223 

yagi@jalux.com 

Jissho Nakata, K.K. 

2-17 Iriecho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

Kaiyo Boeki K.K. 

2-201 Yokogawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 

-54- 
COMPANY: Kakoren Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Mainichi Bldg. 8F, Nishi 6, Kita 4-jo, Chuo-ku 

Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0004 

PHONE : 81-11-241-0101 

FAX : 8 1-11-221-1628 

COMPANY: Kanbe Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 7-13-5 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Kanematsu K. K. 

ADDRESS: 2-1 Narayacho, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 

COMPANY: Kaneshin Suisan, K. K. 

ADDRESS: 4-10-5 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Kankoku Katsugyo Yunyu Hanbai Kyodo Kumiai 

ADDRESS: Dainichi Suisan Bldg., 2-1-2 Kajiyacho, Hyogo-ku 

Kobe, Hyogo 

COMPANY: Kawaei Shokai Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 1-16-2 Yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750 

PHONE : 81-832-66-7557 

FAX : 81-832-66-7557 

COMPANY: Kawamoto Shoji Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 1-10-13 Yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0067 

PHONE 81-832-67-1321 

FAX : 81-832-67-1322 

COMPANY: Kibun Shoji, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 7-14-13 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104 

CONTACT: Mr. Jerry Iwasa 

PHONE : 81-3-3543-7208 

FAX : 81-3-3543-7209 

EMAIL: yoshiyasu - iwasa@kibun-ti.co.jp 

COMPANY: Kibun Shokuhin, K. K. 

ADDRESS: 7-14-13 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8101 

CONTACT: Mr. Eiji Nishimura, Manager, Surimi Division, 

Purchasing Dept. 

PHONE : 81-3-3544-2615 

FAX : 81-3-3544-2580 

COMPANY: Kinnan Shoji K.K. 

ADDRESS: 1-16-1 Ymatocho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

COMPANY: Kita Borneo Suisan K.K. 

ADDRESS: 4-4-8 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

-55- 
COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

Kobe Yoko Ltd. 

KIMM Bldg., 4-2-8 Isobe-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651 

Mr. Takamasa Ohashi 

81-78-232-3521 

81-78-232-3723 

Kodaira, K.K. 

4-48-9 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 

Kohyo Co., Ltd. 

5-4-19 Shinsei, Yokkaichi-shi, Mie 510-0064 

Mr. Shintaro Hayashi, Director, Business Dept. 

81-593-55-2441 

81-593-54-3428 

shayashi@kohyoj.co.jp 

Koike Industries 

3-4-22 Sakanamachi, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 986-0022 

Ms. Ikuyo Koike, President 

81-225-94-9434 

81-225-94-9435 

koike-il@dup.joho-miyagi.or.jp 

Kokusai Shoji K.K. 

1-3-8 Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Kongo Bussan Co., Ltd. 

3-14-4 Kosei, Minato-ku, Osaka, Osaka 552 

Kosei Trading Ltd. 

Togeki Bldg., 4-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 

Kotake Tsusho K.K. 

2-15-13 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Kyodo Agri-Marine MFG. Ltd. 

940 Gushikawa, Gushikawa, Okinawa 904-2223 

Mr. Noriaki Ishikawa, Managing Director 

81-98-974-3133 

81-98-973-8537 

inaokajpeii-okinawa.ne.jp 

Kyoritsu Shoji Co., Ltd. 

4-12-24 Hikoshima nishiyama-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

750-0093 

81-832-61-1430 

81-832-61-1431 

Kyowa Suisan K.K. 

4-13-10 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

-56- 
COMPANY: Kyushu Kaisan, K. K. 

ADDRESS: 1-47-35 Harada, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 

COMPANY: Leaf Shoji K.K. 

ADDRESS: 6-6-2 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo 

CONTACT: Mr. Naganori Hayama 

PHONE : 81-422-48-1133 

FAX : 81-422-48-1134 

COMPANY: Marubeni Corporation, Marine Products Dept 

ADDRESS: 1-4-2 Ohtemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 

CONTACT: Mr. Kazu Nakamura 

PHONE : 81-3-3282-4752 

FAX : 81-3-3282-9654 

EMAIL : Nakamura-K@marubeni.com 

COMPANY: Marugen Marinefoods Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 93 Tabata-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido 090 

CONTACT: Mr. Toru Fujisawa, President 

PHONE : 81-157-24-8211 

FAX : 81-157-24-9213 

COMPANY: Marukin Sangyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-43-6 Nihonbashi-hamacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Marusen Shoji, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 4-11-5 Hikoshima-nishiyamacho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

COMPANY: Marutaka Co., Ltd. (Shimonoseki) 

ADDRESS: 1-2-8 Yamatocho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0067 

PHONE : 81-832-66-4106 

FAX : 81-832-67-3019 

COMPANY : Maruyoshi, K. K. 

ADDRESS: 91-13 Nishiminatocho, Kokurakita-ku, Kita-kyushu, 

Fukuo ka 

COMPANY: Masumine Tsusho K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-12 Nihonbashi-hakozakicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Matsuda Sangyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: Shinjuku Nomura Bldg. 6F, 1-26-2 Nishi-shinjuku 

CONTACT: Mr. Kyohei Toyoda, General Manager, Quality Assurance 

Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163 

Dept., Food Division 

PHONE : 81-3-3993-6235 

FAX : 81-3-3993-6632 

-57- 
COMPANY: Matsuoka Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 1-10-12 Higashi-yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

750-8512 

PHONE 81-832-67-5566 

FAX : 8 1-832-67-528 6 

COMPANY: Matsuyama Co., Ltd. (Shimonoseki 

ADDRESS: 11-39 Hananocho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0014 

PHONE 81-832-34-4131 

FAX : 81-832-34-4138 

COMPANY: Meika Trading Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Noe Bldg., 1-2-17 Shibadaimon, Minato, Tokyo 105-0012 

CONTACT: Mr. Hiroyuki Ando, President 

PHONE 81-3-3438-0505 

COMPANY: Miei Bussan K.K. 

ADDRESS: 9-20 Nakashimacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 

COMPANY: Mineichi Suisan, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 2-3-38 Honcho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 

COMPANY: Mitsubishi Corporation, Marine Products Dept. 

ADDRESS: 2-3-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8086 

CONTACT: Mr. Mikio Sasaki, President 

PHONE : 81-3-3210-6705 

FAX : 81-3-3210-6726 

WEB SITE: http://www.mitsubishi.co.jp/ 

COMPANY: Mitsui & Co., Ltd., Marine Prod. Div. 

ADDRESS: 1-2-1 Ohtenachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 

CONTACT: Mr. Hiroshi Hirano, Chief Operating Officer, Foods 

Group 

PHONE : 81-3-3285-6020 

FAX : 81-3-3285-9909 

Web Site: http://www.mitsui.co.jp/ 

COMPANY: MK, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-3-3 Irifune, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Momokawa Co . ADDRESS: 2-16-4 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

CONTACT: Mr. Keiji Momokwa, President 

PHONE 81-3-3272-7321 

FAX : 81-3-3272-7324 

COMPANY: Morikawa Shoji K.K. 

ADDRESS: 4-2 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

-58- 
COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY : 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

EMAIL : 

Nagae, K.K. 

Life Science Bldg 7F 2-6-6 Nihonbashi-horidomecho 

Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Natsuyama Shokai, K.K. 

3-3-25 Takezakicho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

New Asia Trading Co., Ltd. 

3-3-9 Senba-chuo, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 541 

Mr. Hiroshi Okuuchi 

81-6-6245-0251 

81-6-6425-0255 

Nichiboren K.K. 

1-26-14 Higashishinmachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 

Nichimo Co., Ltd., Food Business Department 

Tennozu Yusen Bldg., 2-2-20 Higashi-shinagawa 

Shinagawa- ku, Tokyo 14 0-00 02 

Mr. Katsuyasu Ito, Director 

81-3-3458-3020 

81-3-3458-3088 

Nichirei Corporation, Marine Products Division 

6-19-20 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8402 

Mr. Masahiro Abe 

81-3-3248-2201 

81-3-3248-2159 

abemsh@nichirei.co.jp 

Nichiryo, K.K. 

2-2-1 Azabudai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

Niki Corporation 

Okamura Bldg. 5F, 3-16-7 Hatchobori, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Niki Shoji 

6-32-5 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 

Nikkan Suisanbutsu-boeki Kyodo Kumiai 

4-4-16 Daigakucho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

Nippon Samsung K.K. 

3 -2 - 1 Ha katae kimae, Ha kata- ku, Fukuo ka , Fu kuo ka 

Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. 

2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8686 

Mr. Naoya Jinushi, Manager, Distribution Sction 1, 

81-3-3244-7000 

81-3-3244-7465 

nao@nissui.co.jp 

-59- 
COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

PHONE : 

FAX : 

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COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS : 

COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

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COMPANY: 

ADDRESS: 

CONTACT : 

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EMAIL: 

Nippon Trading Co., Ltd. 

3-17-1 Soyamacho, Kita-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-11 

81-78-594-4711 

81-78-594-4811 

Nipporos Corporation 

1-18 Kanda-sudacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0041 

Mr. Katsuhiro Yoshizumi, President 

81-3-5296-1061 

Nissei Kosan 

285 Hanasakiko, Nemuro, Hokkaido 

Nogami Shoten 

4-12-30 Nishiyamacho, Hikoshima, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

750 

81-832-67-7435 

81-832-67-8392 

Nomura Trading Co., Ltd., Food Business Unit 

Higashikanda Daiji Bleg 1-7-8 Higashikanda, 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0031 

Mr. Susumu Nasihmoto, Executive Director, Food Business 

Unit 

81-3-5821-1507 

81-3-5821-1257 

s-nashimoto@nomuratrading.co.jp 

Northern Trading, K.K. 

1-1-3 Iwamotocho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

Okinawa Free Zone Foods, K.K. 

Bldg. 1, Okinawa Free Trade Zone, Kagami-mizusakihara, 

Jisaki, Naha, Okinawa 

Otake Ooru K.K. 

1-11-8 Kanda-ogawacho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

Rasa Corporation 

8-1 Nihonbashi-hakozakicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103 

Mr. Hiroaki Yamashita 

81-3-3667-0291 

8 1-3-324 9-534 4 

Royal Greenland Japan Ltd. 

1-16-14 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 

Mr. Motonobu Sato, Planning Manager 

8173-3551-1130 

81-3-3551-2351 

mots@royalgreenland.com 

-60- 
COMPANY: Ryushoko K. K. 

ADDRESS: 2-17-2 Kitahorie, Nishi-ku. Osaka, Osaka 

COMPANY: Samon Tsusho K.K. 

ADDRESS: 20-7 Samoncho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Sanei Shokuhin 

ADDRESS: 1025 Oaza-toshima, Annocho, Aki-gun, Mie 

COMPANY: Sankei Suisan K.K. 

ADDRESS: 4-3-12 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Sanko Kaisanbutsu K.K. 

ADDRESS: 1-1 Isonocho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 652-0842 

CONTACT: Mr. Takumi Adachi, President 

PHONE : 81-78-651-8181 

COMPANY: Sankyo Food Kogyo Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Tokiwa Bldg 4-3-8 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104 

CONTACT: Ms. Atsuko Yoshida 

PHONE : 81-3-3543-8661 

FAX : 81-3-3545-8375 

COMPANY: Sanyo Trading Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 2-11 Kanda-nishikicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0054 

PHONE : -81-3-3233-5882 

FAX : 81-3-3233-4158 

COMPANY: Shin Ajia Boeki K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-3-9-301 Senbachuo, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka 

COMPANY: Shin Nihon Global Inc 

ADDRESS: SK Bldg. 3F, 1-13-19 Shintomi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0041 

CONTACT: Mr. Yoshihiko Kuroda 

PHONE : 81-3-3555-3605 

FAX : 81-3-3555-3602 

EMAIL: kuroda@sng.co.jp 

COMPANY: Shin Tokyo International Inc. 

ADDRESS: Lira Nogizaka Bldg. 6F, 1-15-18 Aoyama, Minato-ku, 

CONTACT: Mr. Masahiko Ishihara 

Tokyo 107 

PHONE : 81-3-3479-3903 

FAX : 81-3-3479-5959 

EMAIL : mishihara@shintokyo.co.jp 

COMPANY: Shinko Shoji, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 7-5-15 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

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Shinko, K.K. 

7-13-5 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Shinmei Jitsugyo K.K. 

2-6-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

Shinten, K.K. 

20-7 Samoncho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 

Shinto Corporation 

2-14-8 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Mr. H. Tsuchikane 

81-3-3546-1281 

81-3-3546-1277 

Shinyei Kaisha 

77-1 Kyomachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-01 

Mr. Shigefumi Yamaguchi, Manager 

81-3-5443-1789 

81-3-5443-1788 

s-yamaguchi@sk.shinyei.co.jp 

SK Group Japan K.K. 

2-7-4 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

Sueyoshi Corporation, K. K. 

5-29-22-410 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014 

Mr. Masataka Sueyoshi 

81-3-5446-5938 

81-3-5446-0938 

sueyoshi@cnr.ne. jp 

Sumitomo Corporation (SC Foods Co., Ltd.) 

Kandabashi Yasuda Bldg., 1-1 Kanda-nishikicho 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0054 

Mr. Shin Matsumoto, President 

81-3-3219-3030 

81-3-3219-3045 

WEB SITE: http://www.scgourmet.co.jp 

COMPANY: Sunland Corp. 

ADDRESS: Kitaguchi Saito Bldg., 5-6-20 Honcho, Funabashi, Chiba 

CONTACT: Mr. Akiyoshi Okubo, President 

273-0005 

PHONE : 81-47-460-2080 

FAX : 81-47-460-2099 

EMAIL : sunland@pop2l.odn.ne.jp 

-62- 
COMPANY: Taito Seiko Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Imaasa Bldg., 1-1-21 Higashi-shimbashi, Minato-ku, 

Tokyo 105-0021 

PHONE : 81-3-3572-3235 

FAX : 81-3-3571-7881 

COMPANY: Taiyo Shokuhin K.K. (Yokohama) 

ADDRESS: 2-28 Otacho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 

Nihonbashi-kayabacho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025 

COMPANY: Takeichi & Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Shuwa No. 3 Kayabacho Bldg., 3-12-6, 

CONTACT: Ms. Hiromi Kawada 

PHONE : 81-3-3669-9252 

FAX : 81-3-3669-3540 

COMPANY: Takuto Tsusho 

ADDRESS: 757-49 Ishihata, Mizuho-cho, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Tin Hon, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 1310-1 Yoshioka, Daieicho, Katori-gun, Chiba 

COMPANY: Tohei Shokai, K.K. 

ADDRESS: City Square Tsukiji Rm 601, 6-4-5 Tsukiji 

Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Toho Bussan Kaisha, Ltd., Food Stuff Div., 

Marine-Products Team 

ADDRESS: Shuwa Shiba Park Bldg., A-8Ff 2-4-1 Shibakoen 

CONTACT: Mr. Ken Suizu, Deputy Manager 

Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0011 

PHONE : 81-3-3438-5742 

FAX : 8 1-3-3438-57 98 

EMAIL : ken.suizu@tohob.co.jp 

COMPANY: Toka Boeki K.K. 

ADDRESS: 9-1 Nisshincho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 

COMPANY: Tokai Suisan Trading Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Kyoei Bldg. F, 6-1-8 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 

CONTACT: Mr. Hannosuke Hanabusa, President 

PHONE : 81-3-3546-1900 

FAX : 81-3-3546-1906 

COMPANY: Toko Industrial Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 1-2-5 Higashi-yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

CONTACT: Mr. Kunio Kanemitsu, President 

750-0066 

PHONE : 81-832-67-2385 

FAX : 81-832-67-0100 

-63- 
COMPANY: Tokyo Commercial Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 8-15 Toyomicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0055 

CONTACT: Mr. Kosuke Sakai, Deputy Manager 

PHONE : 81-3-3534-1301 

FAX : 81-3-3532-9420 

EMAIL: k.sakai@tccwf.co.jp 

COMPANY: Tomei Fruits Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: Kyobashi NS Bldg. 8F, 2-5-21 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

CONTACT: Mr. Hiromaru Tadao 

104 

PHONE : 81-3-3563-3751 

FAX : 81-3-3563-3755 

COMPANY: Tomen Corporation, Marine Product Dept. 

ADDRESS: Tomen Marunouchi Bldg., 3-8-1 Marunouchi 

CONTACT: Mr. Ikebuchi-san 

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8623 

PHONE : 81-3-5288-3124 

FAX : 81-3-5288-9115 

WEB SITE: http://www.tomen.co.jp/ 

COMPANY: Tosan Gyogyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: 1-10-15 Yamatocho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

COMPANY: Tosho Co., Ltd. 

ADDRESS: 1-2-8 Yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 750-0067 

PHONE : 81-832-66-5141 

FAX : 81-832-66-5142 

COMPANY: Toyokawa, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-7-16 Edobori, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 

PHONE : 81-6-6441-1072 

COMPANY: Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Foods Dept. 2 

ADDRESS: 2-14-9 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8655 

CONTACT: Mr. Masayuki Morita, General Manager 

PHONE : 81-3-3242-8367 

FAX : 8 1-3-3242-8528 

EMAIL: MASAYUKI -_ 1 MORITA@gw.toyotsu.co.jp 

COMPANY: Tsukasa Shoji, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 1-18-6 Nishishimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

COMPANY: Tsukiji Suisan, K.K. 

ADDRESS: 3-11-18 Tsukuda, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0051 

CONTACT: Mr. Yoshihiro Enomoto, Managing Director 

WEB SITE: httD://www.tsukiii-suisan.com 

COMPANY: Tsukiji Toyo K.K. 

ADDRESS: 2-13-40 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 

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Umada Boeki K.K. 

5-2 Bentencho, Kokurakita- ku, Kita kyushu, Fukuoka 

Umimar, K.K. 

2-2-7 Kudan-minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 

Unicoop Japan (Kumiai Boeki, K.K. ) 

1-1-12 Uchikanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101 

81-3-3296-8983 

81-3-3219-1460 

Union Foods K.K. 

3-20-30 Kokubu-minami, Ebina, Kanagawa 

Unique Trading K.K. 

Tsukiji SK Bldg., 2-1-16 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 

Yamasaki, K.K. 

14 8 4 -1 Oaza-f ukue, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

Yamawaki Shoten, K.K. 

1-16-1 Yamatomachi, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 

Yazawa Trading, K.K. 

3-15 Hamacho, Kushiro, Hokkaido 

Yokohama Tsusho K.K. 

6-104 Aioi-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 

Zensui Co., Ltd. 

1-10-3 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104 

Mr. Taiga Nakano, Sales Section 

81-3-5250-2411 

81-3-5250-2415 

zensui@mb.kcom.ne.jp 

................................................................. 

The U.S. Embassy Tokyo, USFCS Tokyo and the National Marine 

Fisheries Service cannot be responsible for the accuracy of this 

information nor do they endorse any companies listed herein. ................................................................. 

Source: U.S. Embassy, Fisheries Commercial Service Section, 

Tokyo, Japan 2002 

-65-