U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Child Poverty in the United States 

2009 and 2010: Selected Race 

Groups and Hispanic Origin

American Community Survey Briefs

Issued November 2011

ACSBR/10-05

By

Suzanne Macartney INTRODUCTION

Poverty is a critical indicator of the wellbeing of our nation’s children. Changes 

in child poverty rates over time can 

provide an evaluation of a particular 

antipoverty initiative and help to identify 

people and groups whose most basic 

economic needs remain unmet. Children 

who live in poverty, especially young 

children, are more likely than their peers 

to have cognitive and behavioral difficulties, to complete fewer years of education, and, as they grow up, to experience more years of unemployment.1

HIGHLIGHTS FROM ACS 20102

• More than one in five children 

in the United States (15.75 million) lived in poverty in 2010. 

• More than 1.1 million children 

were added to the poverty 

population between the 2009 

ACS and the 2010 ACS.

1 Duncan, G., and Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). 1997. 

Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: 

Russell Sage Press; Wagmiller, Jr., R.L., Lennon, M.C., 

Kuang, L., Alberti, P.M., Aber, J.L. 2006. “The dynamics 

of economic disadvantage and children’s life changes.” 

American Sociological Review, 71(5), 847–866. 2 The ACS is conducted continuously and income 

data is collected for the 12 months preceding the 

interview. As such, throughout this report facts based 

on 2010 data refer to data collected in the 2010 ACS 

and not to the calendar year. Because the survey is 

continuous, adjacent ACS years have income reference 

months in common. For this reason comparing the 

2009 ACS with the 2010 ACS is not an exact comparison of the economic conditions in 2009 with those in 

2010. Comparisons should be interpreted with care. 

For more information on the ACS sample design and 

other topics visit <www.census.gov/acs/www>.

• The 2010 ACS child poverty rate 

(21.6 percent) is the highest since 

the survey began in 2001.

• Children from all race groups 

were added to the poverty population since the 2009 ACS, including children reported as White 

(507,000), Black (259,000), Some 

Other Race (99,000), and children 

of Two or More Races (160,000).

• In the 2010 ACS, White and Asian 

children had poverty rates below 

the U.S. average. Other race groups 

had higher rates, including Black 

children (38.2 percent) and children identified with Two or More 

Races (22.7 percent). Poverty for 

Hispanic children was 32.3 percent. 

• The number and percentage of children in poverty increased in 27 states 

from the 2009 ACS to the 2010 ACS. 

In no state did the number or percent 

of children in poverty decrease.

• Ten states had child poverty rates 

estimated at 25.0 percent or higher 

while only New Hampshire had a child 

poverty rate of 10.0 percent or lower.3

3 The child poverty rate for New Hampshire is not 

statistically different from Alaska.
2 U.S. Census Bureau

This report is one of a series produced to highlight results from the 

2010 American Community Survey 

(ACS). It presents poverty estimates 

for children aged 0 to 17 based on 

data from the 2009 and the 2010 

ACS. The report compares nationaland state-level child poverty rates 

for all children and for children 

by race group and Hispanic origin 

for each state and the District of 

Columbia.4 The ACS also provides 

child poverty estimates for counties, places, and other localities.

NATIONAL 

In the United States the rate of 

poverty for children aged 0 to 

17 increased by an estimated 

1.6 percentage points, from 20.0 

percent in the 2009 ACS to 21.6 

percent in the 2010 ACS. An additional 1.1 million children were 

4 Data for Puerto Rico are shown in the 

figures and tables.

estimated to be in poverty for a 

total of 15.7 million in 2010.

The U.S. child poverty rate has 

fluctuated over the past 10 years 

as shown in Figure 1. The rate 

increased from 16.9 percent in the 

2001 ACS to 18.5 percent in the 

2005 ACS, before declining by 0.5 

percentage points over the next 

two survey years. The national 

child poverty rate rose 1.8 percentage points from 2008 to 2009 

and rose again by 1.6 percentage 

points between 2009 and 2010. 

More than one in five children in 

the United States lived in poverty 

according to the 2010 ACS.5

5 The poverty universe is a subset of 

the total population covered by the ACS. 

Specifically, the universe excludes children 

younger than age 15 who are not related to 

the householder, people living in institutional 

group quarters, and those living in college 

dormitories or military barracks.

RACE AND HISPANIC 

ORIGIN6

Race and Hispanic origin are important for understanding the distribution of poverty in the United States 

6 Federal surveys now give respondents 

the option of reporting more than one race. 

Therefore, two basic ways of defining a race 

group are possible. A group such as Asian 

may be defined as those who reported Asian 

and no other race (the race-alone or singlerace concept) or as those who reported 

Asian regardless of whether they also 

reported another race (the race-alone-or-incombination concept). The body of this report 

(text, figures, and tables) shows data using 

the first approach (race alone). Use of the 

single-race population does not imply that it 

is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau uses a variety 

of approaches.

In this report the term “White” refers to 

those who reported White and no other race. 

The term “Black” refers to those who reported 

“Black” and no other race. The term “Asian” 

refers to those who reported Asian and no 

other race. Because Hispanics may be any 

race, data in this report for Hispanics overlap 

with data for race groups. Data users should 

exercise caution when interpreting aggregate 

results for race groups or for children of 

Hispanic origin because these populations 

consist of many distinct groups that differ in 

social and economic characteristics, culture, 

and recency of immigration.

Figure 1. 

U.S. Child Poverty Rate, 2001–2010 American Community Surveys

Notes: Annual sample sizes for the 2001−2004 American Community Surveys were approximately 810,000 to 858,000 households. 

Beginning in 2005 the U.S. Census Bureau increased the ACS sample to nearly 3 million addresses per year. In 2006 the ACS began to 

include persons living in group quarters.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2001−2010 American Community Surveys.

Percent

0

5

10

15

20

25

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
U.S. Census Bureau 3

among children. This report focuses 

on poverty and selected race groups 

in the United States in the 2010 

ACS including White (68.2 percent), 

Black (14.4 percent), and Asian 

(4.4 percent) children, and children 

identified as Some Other Race (6.4 

percent).7 In the 2010 decennial 

census, the vast majority of people 

reporting Some Other Race also 

reported Hispanic origin (Humes, 

Jones, and Ramirez, 2011). For this 

reason, poverty rates for children 

of Hispanic origin and children in 

the Some Other Race group are 

similar. Children reported as having 

Two or More Races (5.3 percent) 

and children of Hispanic origin 

regardless of race (23.1 percent) are 

7 Not included in this ACS Brief are children 

reported to be American Indian and Alaska 

Native alone or Native Hawaiian and Other 

Pacific Islander alone because group sizes 

were too small to be reported by state. In the 

2010 ACS, children in these race groups were 

1.2 percent of children in the poverty universe 

and are included in totals for all U.S. children. 

also discussed in this report.8 The 

2010 ACS showed that more than 

one child in ten is part of the Some 

Other Race group or part of the Two 

or More Races population (Figure 2). 

The poverty population had a different racial and ethnic composition than the total population of 

children. Some children made up a 

larger share of the poverty population than the size of their respective 

race or ethnic groups would have 

suggested. Black children had the 

highest poverty rate among the 

race groups in this report. These 

children represented 25.6 percent 

8 Respondents to the 2010 American 

Community Survey had the option of reporting only one race group or more than one for 

themselves and the children in their households. Persons who report only one race 

among the six defined categories are referred 

to as the race-alone population while persons 

who report more than one race category are 

referred to as the Two or More Races group. 

For more information, see the 2010 Census 

Brief, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin, at 

<www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs

/c2010br-02.pdf>.

of the population of children in 

poverty but only 14.4 percent of 

all children (Figure 2). Similarly, 

about one of every five children in 

the United States was of Hispanic 

origin. However, Hispanic children made up one of every three 

children who lived in poverty in 

the United States in 2010. White 

children were in poverty at a lower 

rate than the size of the White 

population would have predicted. 

However, in 2010, White children 

still made up the majority of children in poverty (53.6 percent). 

In the 2010 ACS, the poverty rate 

for children identified as White was 

17.0 percent (8.4 million) nationally. 

This rate was 1.3 percentage points 

greater than the 2009 ACS estimate. 

Additionally, the White population 

had the largest numeric increase 

among the race and ethnic groups 

with 507,000 children added to the 

poverty population over the same 

period. For children identified as 

Figure 2. 

Distribution of the U.S. Child Poverty Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010

Notes: The terms “White,” “Black,” and “Asian” refer to persons who reported one particular race group and no other race. “SOR” refers to 

persons who reported Some Other Race alone and “TOMR" refers to persons who reported Two or More Races (i.e., White and Black or White

and Black and Asian). Persons who report only one race among the six defined categories are referred to as the race-alone population 

while persons who report more than one race category are referred to as the Two or More Races population. This figure shows data using 

the race-alone approach. Use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. 

The Census Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Hispanic children may be of any race. For more information see the 2010 Census Brief, 

Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin, at <www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Population

Percent

White

White

Hispanic

Hispanic Non-Hispanic

Non-Hispanic

Black

Black

Asian

Asian

SOR

SOR

TOMR

TOMR

Poverty Population

Population

Poverty Population
4 U.S. Census Bureau

Black the poverty rate was 38.2 

percent (4.0 million), twice as high 

as the rate for White children and 

the highest poverty rate among the 

race and ethnic groups presented 

in this report (Figure 3). The Black 

child poverty rate increased by 

1.9 percentage points or 259,000 

children over the 2009 ACS.

The U.S. poverty rate for children identified as Asian was 

13.0 percent in the 2010 ACS, 

the lowest rate among the race 

and ethnic groups presented in 

this report. The 2010 data show 

that 419,000 Asian children 

lived in poverty, an increase of 

0.7 percentage points compared 

with the previous survey year.

For children identified as Some 

Other Race in the 2010 ACS, 35.7 

percent (1.7 million) lived in poverty, a rate lower than the estimate 

for Black children but higher than 

rates of the other race and ethnic 

groups in this report. This rate was 

a 2.9 percentage point increase 

over 2009, which was larger than 

the increase for Hispanic, White, or 

Asian children. The 2010 rate was 

also 3.4 percentage points higher 

than the rate for Hispanic children. 

Children who reported Two or More 

Races had poverty rates roughly 

one-third lower than children who 

reported Some Other Race. In the 

2010 ACS, the U.S. poverty rate 

for children in the Two or More 

Races population was 22.7 percent 

(900,000), an increase of 2.3 

percentage points over the previous survey year and 5.7 percentage points higher than the 2010 

rate observed for White children. 

For Hispanic children, the U.S. 

poverty rate was 32.3 percent 

(5.5 million) in the 2010 ACS, an 

increase of 1.5 percentage points 

or 410,000 children over the 

2009 survey. The poverty rate for 

Hispanic children was 15.3 percentage points higher than the rate for 

White children but 5.9 percentage 

points lower than the U.S. rate for 

Black children (Figure 3).

STATE LEVEL CHILD POVERTY

The number and percentage of 

children in poverty increased in 

27 states from the 2009 ACS to 

the 2010 ACS.9 The child poverty rate increased 2.0 percentage points or more in Nevada, 

New Mexico, and Utah. The child 

9 Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, 

Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, 

Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, 

New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, 

North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, 

Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, 

Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin.

Figure 3. 

Percentage of Children in the United States in Poverty in the Past 12 Months 

by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2009 and 2010

Notes: Persons who report only one race among the six defined categories are referred to as the race-alone population while persons 

who report more than one race category are referred to as the Two or More Races population. This figure shows data using the race-alone 

approach. Use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. The Census 

Bureau uses a variety of approaches. Hispanic children may be of any race. For more information see 2010 Census Brief, Overview of Race 

and Hispanic Origin, at <www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf>.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys. 

Percent

2009

2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Two or Hispanic

more races

Some Other 

Race Alone

Asian 

alone

Total White alone Black alone
U.S. Census Bureau 5

poverty rate also increased by 

1.5 percentage points or more 

in Alabama, California, Georgia, 

and Louisiana, and increased by 

1.0 percentage point or more in 

Florida, Nebraska, North Carolina, 

Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

Figure 4 displays the variation in 

child poverty rates by state for 

the 2010 ACS. Tables presented 

at the end of this report show 

the number and the percentage 

of children in poverty for total 

children and for children by race 

group and Hispanic origin by 

state in the 2009 and 2010 ACS. 

In the 2010 ACS, 24 states and 

the District of Columbia had 

child poverty rates estimated 

to be 20 percent or higher. 

Ten states plus the District of 

Columbia had child poverty 

rates of 25 percent or higher 

(Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, 

Louisiana, Mississippi, New 

Mexico, South Carolina, Tennessee, 

Texas, and West Virginia).10

About one of every three children 

in poverty (5.6 million) lived in one 

of the four most populous states 

each of which saw increases in 

the number and the percentage 

of children in poverty between 

2009 and 2010. In 2010, the 

child poverty population included 

901,000 in New York (21.2 percent), 924,000 in Florida (23.5 

percent), 1.8 million in Texas 

10 Child poverty rates for these states and 

the District of Columbia are not statistically 

different from the rates in Arizona, Florida, 

Georgia, Michigan, North Carolina, Oklahoma, 

and Ohio.

(25.7 percent), and 2.0 million 

in California (22.0 percent).11

Among states with rates below the 

national average in the 2010 ACS, 

New Hampshire had the lowest 

child poverty rate at 10.0 percent. 

The 12 states with child poverty 

rates from 12.5 to 16.5 percent 

were Alaska, Connecticut, Hawaii, 

Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, 

Minnesota, New Jersey, North 

11 The number of children in poverty in 

Florida and New York are not statistically 

different. Child poverty rates in California and 

New York are statistically different. However, 

the California child poverty rate is not statistically different from rates in Indiana, Montana, 

Nevada, or Oregon and the child poverty rate 

in New York is not statistically different from 

rates in Indiana, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, 

or Oregon. The child poverty rate in Florida 

is not statistically different from rates in 

Arizona, Michigan, Nevada, or Ohio. The child 

poverty rate in Texas is not statistically different from rates in Kentucky, Oklahoma, South 

Carolina, Tennessee, or West Virginia. 

Figure 4.

Percentage of Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State 

and Puerto Rico: 2010

United States = 21.6 percent

Percent 

25.0 or more

20.0 to 24.9

16.5 to 19.9

Less than 16.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey.

MT

AK

NM

OR MN

KS

SD

ND

MO

WA

FL

IL IN

WI NY

PA

MI

OH

IA

ME

MA 

CT 

AZ

NV

TX

CA CO

WY

UT

ID

NE

OK

GA

AR

AL

NC

MS

LA

TN

KY

VA

SC

WV

RI 

DE 

MD 

NJ 

HI

VT NH

PR

DC 
6 U.S. Census Bureau

Dakota, Utah, Virginia, and 

Wyoming (Figure 4).12 At the 

higher end of the child poverty 

distribution, the rates for Alabama, 

Arkansas, and Louisiana were 

estimated at 27.3 percent to 27.7 

percent.13 Mississippi, New Mexico, 

and the District of Columbia had 

child poverty rates of 30.0 percent to 32.5 percent in 2010.14

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN 

BY STATE

The percentage of White children 

in poverty increased in 25 states 

between the 2009 and 2010 ACS. 

Across all states and the District of 

Columbia, the child poverty rate 

for White children ranged from 6.4 

percent to 26.9 percent in 2010. 

In eight states, the child poverty 

rate for White children was at 

or above 20.0 percent (Arizona, 

Arkansas, Kentucky, New Mexico, 

Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, 

and West Virginia).15 Only in New 

Mexico did the rate exceed 25.0 

percent.16 In contrast, five states 

and the District of Columbia had 

poverty rates lower than 10.0 

percent for White children (Alaska, 

Connecticut, Maryland, New 

Hampshire, and New Jersey).17

Of the 36 states with sufficient 

data to measure poverty for Black 

12 Child poverty rates for these 12 states 

are not statistically different from the rates 

for Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, 

Nebraska, Rhode Island, South Dakota, 

Vermont, or Washington. 13 Child poverty rates for these three 

states are not statistically different from rates 

for the District of Columbia, Kentucky, South 

Carolina, or West Virginia. 14 Child poverty rates for these three 

states are not statistically different from those 

for Alabama, Arkansas, or Louisiana. 15 Rates for White children in these states 

are not statistically different from those for 

Alabama, California, Mississippi, Montana, 

Nevada, or Oregon. 16 The rate in New Mexico is not statistically different than the rate in West Virginia. 17 Rates for White children in these states 

are not statistically different than those estimated for Hawaii, Massachusetts, Minnesota, 

Rhode Island, South Dakota, or Virginia in the 

2010 ACS.

children in the 2010 ACS, 9 saw 

an increase in the poverty rate 

compared with the 2009 ACS 

(Alabama, California, Georgia, 

Louisiana, Maryland, Nevada, 

New York, North Carolina, and 

Oregon).18 Across all states with 

sufficient data, the poverty rate for 

Black children ranged from 22.2 

percent to 53.3 percent in 2010 as 

shown in Figure 5. Maryland had 

the lowest rate of child poverty for 

Black children, estimated at 22.2 

percent. Among the states with 

the highest rates were Arkansas, 

Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, 

Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, 

Ohio, Oregon, and Wisconsin 

(47.0 percent to 53.3 percent).19

Across the 29 states with sufficient numbers of Asian children, 

the poverty rate ranged from 4.8 

percent to 24.2 percent in the 

2010 ACS. At the high end of the 

child poverty distribution were 

Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, 

New York, and Wisconsin with 

rates from 20.6 percent to 24.2 

percent for Asian children.20

Across the 30 states with sufficient data for children reported 

as Some Other Race alone, poverty 

levels ranged from 15.9 percent 

to 53.1 percent in 2010 (Figure 

5). The lowest rates were found in 

Maryland and Virginia (15.9 percent 

18 Sufficient data refers to the following: The detailed table (B17001A, B17001B, 

B17001D, B17001F, B17001G, or B17001I) 

used to source the subject table for a particular state was not published because the 

table did not meet established criteria for reliability. The median coefficient of variation for 

estimates in the table exceeded 0.61. 19 Rates for Black children in these states 

are not statistically different from those for 

Alabama, the District of Columbia, Illinois, 

Indiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, 

North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, 

or Tennessee. 20 Rates for Asian children in these states 

are not statistically different from those 

for North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, 

or Tennessee.

to 17.8 percent).21 At the high end 

of the poverty distribution, 11 

states (Georgia, Massachusetts, 

North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, 

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South 

Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, and 

Washington) had poverty rates 

of over 40.0 percent for children 

of Some Other Race in 2010.22 

When compared with the 2009 

ACS rates, the poverty rate for 

children in the Some Other Race 

group increased in six states. 

Among the 41 states with sufficient 

data for Hispanic children, poverty 

rates ranged from 15.8 percent to 

43.9 percent in 2010 (Figure 5). 

The poverty rate increased in eight 

states while the number of Hispanic 

children in poverty declined in one 

state, Arizona. Hawaii, Maryland, 

and Virginia were among the 

states with Hispanic child poverty 

rates below 20 percent.23 Georgia, 

North Carolina, Pennsylvania, 

South Carolina, and Tennessee 

had Hispanic child poverty rates 

above 40.0 percent in 2010.24

21 Rates for Some Other Race alone 

children in these states are not statistically 

different from the rate for Minnesota. 22 Rates for Some Other Race alone children in these 11 states are not statistically 

different from the rates for Arizona, 

California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, 

Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, 

New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, 

Oklahoma, Texas, or Wisconsin. 23 Among Hispanic children, the child 

poverty rate for Hawaii is not statistically different from the rate for Illinois. 24 Hispanic child poverty rates in these 

states are not statistically different from the 

rates estimated for Alabama, Arkansas, 

Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New 

Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode 

Island, or Washington.
U.S. Census Bureau 7

SOURCE AND ACCURACY

Data presented in this report are 

based on people and households 

that responded to the ACS in 2009 

and 2010. The resulting estimates 

are representative of the entire 

population. All comparisons presented in this report have taken 

sampling error into account and are 

significant at the 90 percent confidence level unless otherwise noted. 

Due to rounding, some details may 

not sum to totals. For information 

on sampling and estimation methods, confidentiality protection, and 

sampling and nonsampling errors, 

please see the document “2010 

ACS Accuracy of the Data” 

located at <www.census.gov

/acs/www/Downloads/data

_documentation/Accuracy

/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf>.

HOW POVERTY IS MEASURED

Poverty status is determined by comparing annual income to a set 

of dollar values called thresholds that vary by family size, number 

of children, and age of householder. If a family’s before tax money 

income is less than the dollar value of their threshold, then that 

family and every individual in it are considered to be in poverty. 

For people not living in families, poverty status is determined by 

comparing the individual’s own income to his or her threshold. 

The poverty thresholds are updated annually to allow for changes 

in the cost of living using the Consumer Price Index (CPI-U). 

They do not vary geographically. The ACS is a continuous survey and people respond throughout the year. Since income is 

reported for the previous 12 months, the appropriate poverty threshold for each family is determined by multiplying the 

base-year poverty threshold (1982) by the average of monthly 

CPI values for the 12 months preceding the survey month.

 For more information see “How Poverty is Calculated in the ACS” at 

<www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/methods/definitions.html>.

Figure 5. 

Range of State Child Poverty Rates by Selected Race Groups and Hispanic Origin: 2010

Notes: Persons who report only one race among the six defined categories are referred to as the race-alone population while persons 

who report more than one race category are referred to as the Two or More Races population.This figure shows data using the race-alone 

approach. Use of the single-race population does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. The Census Bureau 

uses a variety of approaches. Hispanic children may be of any race. For more information see the 2010 Census Brief, Overview of Race and 

Hispanic Origin, at <www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf>.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey. 

Percent

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Hispanic

Two or More Races

Some Other Race alone

Asian alone

Black alone

White alone

Total
8 U.S. Census Bureau

WHAT IS THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY?

The American Community Survey (ACS) is a nationwide survey designed to provide communities with reliable and timely 

demographic, social, economic, and housing data for the nation, 

states, congressional districts, counties, places, and other localities every year. It has an annual sample size of about 3 million 

addresses across the United States and Puerto Rico and includes 

both housing units and group quarters (e.g., nursing facilities 

and prisons). The ACS is conducted in every county throughout the nation, and every municipio in Puerto Rico, where it is 

called the Puerto Rico Community Survey. Beginning in 2006, ACS 

data for 2005 were released for geographic areas with populations of 65,000 and greater. For information on the ACS sample 

design and other topics, visit <www.census.gov/acs/www>.

REFERENCES

Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones, 

and Robert R. Ramirez. 2011. 

“Overview of Race and Hispanic 

Origin: 2010.” 2010 Census 

Briefs. U.S. Department of 

Commerce. U.S. Census Bureau 

Report No. C2010BR-02 at 

<www.census.gov/prod/cen2010

/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf>.
U.S. Census Bureau 9

Table 1. 

Number and Percentage of Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State and 

Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . 14,656,962 130,803 20.0 0.2 15,749,129 127,734 21.6 0.2 *1,092,167 182,826 *1.6 0.2

Alabama . . . . . . . . . 274,906 10,585 24.7 0.9 310,590 11,915 27.7 1.1 *35,684 15,937 *3.0 1.4

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . 23,119 3,276 12.8 1.8 23,773 2,891 12.9 1.6 654 4,370 0.1 2.4

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 398,060 16,497 23.4 1.0 392,229 17,920 24.4 1.1 –5,831 24,357 1.1 1.5

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 189,198 8,822 27.2 1.3 193,081 9,271 27.6 1.3 3,883 12,798 0.5 1.8

California . . . . . . . . . 1,846,741 32,464 19.9 0.3 2,012,585 38,677 22.0 0.4 *165,844 50,496 *2.1 0.5

Colorado . . . . . . . . . 210,498 11,877 17.4 1.0 210,532 11,691 17.4 1.0 34 16,665 – 1.4

Connecticut . . . . . . . 96,893 7,930 12.1 1.0 103,498 7,645 12.8 0.9 6,605 11,015 0.7 1.4

Delaware . . . . . . . . . 33,508 5,291 16.5 2.6 36,655 4,296 18.1 2.1 3,147 6,815 1.6 3.3

District of Columbia . 33,133 4,679 29.4 4.1 30,555 3,846 30.4 3.8 –2,578 6,056 1.0 5.6

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . 851,803 22,699 21.3 0.6 923,963 23,162 23.5 0.6 *72,160 32,430 *2.1 0.8

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 568,324 19,649 22.3 0.8 610,722 16,624 24.8 0.7 *42,398 25,738 *2.5 1.0

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . 39,241 4,357 13.8 1.5 41,230 5,148 13.9 1.7 1,989 6,744 0.1 2.3

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,008 6,340 18.1 1.5 80,316 5,365 19.0 1.3 5,308 8,306 0.8 2.0

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . 591,398 21,137 18.9 0.7 600,045 16,247 19.4 0.5 8,647 26,660 0.5 0.9

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . 311,031 12,827 20.0 0.8 342,172 13,322 21.7 0.8 *31,141 18,493 *1.8 1.2

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,423 7,490 15.7 1.1 115,365 7,434 16.3 1.0 5,942 10,553 0.6 1.5

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . 121,395 8,893 17.6 1.3 131,258 9,199 18.4 1.3 9,863 12,794 0.7 1.8

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 255,416 11,865 25.6 1.2 262,760 11,202 26.3 1.1 7,344 16,317 0.7 1.6

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 268,036 12,039 24.2 1.1 299,779 11,779 27.3 1.0 *31,743 16,843 *3.1 1.5

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,190 4,252 17.1 1.6 47,727 4,045 17.8 1.5 2,537 5,868 0.7 2.2

Maryland . . . . . . . . . 154,049 10,106 11.6 0.8 173,113 11,051 13.0 0.8 *19,064 14,975 *1.4 1.1

Massachusetts . . . . . 185,613 9,753 13.1 0.7 200,817 9,991 14.3 0.7 *15,204 13,962 *1.2 1.0

Michigan . . . . . . . . . 519,828 15,808 22.5 0.7 538,649 15,018 23.5 0.7 18,821 21,805 *1.0 0.9

Minnesota . . . . . . . . 173,980 8,781 14.1 0.7 192,437 8,840 15.2 0.7 *18,457 12,460 *1.1 1.0

Mississippi . . . . . . . . 232,628 9,582 31.0 1.3 241,595 11,229 32.5 1.5 8,967 14,762 1.5 2.0

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . 290,959 13,086 20.7 0.9 290,959 11,714 20.9 0.8 – 17,563 0.2 1.3

Montana . . . . . . . . . . 46,398 5,008 21.4 2.3 43,818 4,552 20.1 2.1 –2,580 6,767 –1.4 3.1

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 66,349 5,132 15.2 1.2 81,952 6,652 18.2 1.5 *15,603 8,401 *2.9 1.9

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 117,809 10,346 17.6 1.6 144,204 10,517 22.0 1.6 *26,395 14,753 *4.4 2.2

New Hampshire . . . . 30,602 4,469 10.8 1.6 28,315 4,113 10.0 1.5 –2,287 6,074 –0.7 2.1

New Jersey . . . . . . . 272,697 13,532 13.5 0.7 295,346 13,269 14.5 0.7 *22,649 18,952 *1.0 0.9

New Mexico . . . . . . . 128,111 10,218 25.3 2.0 153,558 9,639 30.0 1.9 *25,447 14,046 *4.7 2.7

New York . . . . . . . . . 868,354 20,575 20.0 0.5 900,626 21,269 21.2 0.5 *32,272 29,592 *1.3 0.7

North Carolina . . . . . 504,937 15,061 22.5 0.7 559,875 17,148 24.9 0.7 *54,938 22,823 *2.3 1.0

North Dakota . . . . . . 18,148 2,320 13.0 1.7 24,116 3,011 16.2 2.0 *5,968 3,801 *3.2 2.6

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584,310 17,142 21.9 0.6 623,852 15,776 23.3 0.6 *39,542 23,297 *1.5 0.9

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 200,623 10,223 22.2 1.1 226,679 9,946 24.7 1.1 *26,056 14,263 *2.5 1.6

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . 164,326 9,482 19.2 1.1 183,859 7,972 21.6 0.9 *19,533 12,388 *2.4 1.4

Pennsylvania . . . . . . 466,638 14,776 17.1 0.5 522,189 16,344 19.1 0.6 *55,551 22,033 *1.9 0.8

Rhode Island . . . . . . 37,731 4,006 16.9 1.8 42,221 4,780 19.0 2.2 4,490 6,237 2.2 2.8

South Carolina . . . . . 259,429 10,781 24.4 1.0 277,722 12,751 26.1 1.2 *18,293 16,698 *1.6 1.6

South Dakota . . . . . . 35,497 4,146 18.5 2.2 35,960 4,013 18.2 2.0 463 5,770 –0.4 3.0

Tennessee . . . . . . . . 349,851 13,773 23.9 0.9 377,066 15,351 25.7 1.0 *27,215 20,624 *1.8 1.4

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,661,402 31,782 24.4 0.5 1,751,189 30,426 25.7 0.4 *89,787 43,998 *1.3 0.6

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,000 8,522 12.2 1.0 135,565 8,335 15.7 1.0 *30,565 11,921 *3.5 1.4

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . 16,495 2,321 13.3 1.9 21,143 2,715 16.7 2.1 *4,648 3,572 *3.4 2.8

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 253,068 14,341 13.9 0.8 264,601 11,351 14.5 0.6 *11,533 18,290 0.5 1.0

Washington . . . . . . . 250,830 13,239 16.2 0.9 284,045 13,334 18.2 0.9 *33,215 18,790 *2.0 1.2

West Virginia . . . . . . 88,610 5,367 23.6 1.4 95,744 6,755 25.5 1.8 7,134 8,627 1.9 2.2

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 214,404 10,026 16.7 0.8 249,826 10,319 19.1 0.8 *35,422 14,388 *2.4 1.1

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 15,965 3,122 12.6 2.4 19,253 3,483 14.3 2.6 3,288 4,677 1.7 3.5

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . 542,896 9,837 57.1 1.0 500,434 10,145 56.3 1.2 –42,462 14,131 *–0.7 1.5

* Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

– Represents or rounds to zero. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are not related to 

the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error in relation to the 

size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
10 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 2. 

Percentage of Children 0 to 17 Years in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by Selected Race 

Groups and Hispanic Origin, by State and Puerto Rico: 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

All races

Selected race groups Hispanic origin 

White alone Black alone Asian alone (any race) Some Other 

Race alone

Two or More 

Races

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . 21.6 0.2 17.0 0.2 38.2 0.5 13.0 0.4 35.7 0.6 22.7 0.5 32.3 0.3

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 27.7 1.1 18.7 1.3 45.8 2.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 38.2 4.6

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.9 1.6 8.3 2.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 1.1 22.5 1.2 31.5 5.1 12.7 5.1 33.2 4.4 16.3 3.1 32.7 1.8

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 1.3 21.4 1.4 47.4 3.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 38.5 5.4

California . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 0.4 19.9 0.5 32.2 1.8 12.4 0.8 33.9 1.3 15.8 1.4 30.2 0.7

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 17.4 1.0 14.3 1.0 39.0 4.9 9.0 3.6 35.3 4.3 17.5 3.3 30.8 2.0

Connecticut . . . . . . . . 12.8 0.9 8.1 0.8 29.4 4.9 4.8 2.2 36.5 5.6 15.7 3.7 28.4 3.0

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 2.1 12.5 2.4 32.8 6.3 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 25.7 8.8

District of Columbia . . 30.4 3.8 6.4 4.0 41.6 5.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 0.6 18.4 0.6 38.6 1.7 14.1 2.5 36.3 4.3 22.9 2.7 28.3 1.4

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 24.8 0.7 16.2 0.9 36.1 1.3 12.5 3.8 53.1 5.5 23.0 3.6 40.6 2.6

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.9 1.7 11.6 3.4 (NA) (NA) 6.7 2.8 (NA) (NA) 16.3 2.5 19.4 5.0

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 1.3 16.9 1.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 33.1 5.1

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.4 0.5 12.8 0.6 41.6 1.7 11.8 2.5 29.4 2.8 20.0 2.3 26.0 1.6

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.7 0.8 17.9 0.9 41.8 3.7 24.2 5.6 35.1 6.3 31.4 3.9 34.7 3.0

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3 1.0 13.1 0.9 51.4 7.7 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 33.4 5.4

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.4 1.3 14.8 1.3 37.5 6.2 13.5 6.0 37.0 12.6 32.0 5.0 31.9 3.9

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 26.3 1.1 23.3 1.1 47.3 4.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 39.7 6.1 39.2 5.1

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 27.3 1.0 14.0 1.0 47.0 2.4 22.5 6.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 26.0 3.9

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.8 1.5 16.4 1.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 13.0 0.8 7.4 0.8 22.2 2.0 8.8 2.8 15.9 4.6 14.0 4.0 15.8 2.6

Massachusetts . . . . . . 14.3 0.7 10.4 0.7 32.4 3.6 9.8 2.4 40.1 5.3 23.0 2.8 38.7 2.7

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 23.5 0.7 17.6 0.7 48.1 2.1 11.8 2.8 32.0 6.0 30.4 3.1 35.8 2.9

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 15.2 0.7 10.0 0.6 45.9 4.3 23.7 4.7 24.2 7.2 26.7 4.6 29.3 3.4

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . 32.5 1.5 18.6 2.1 48.6 2.1 (NA) (NA) 26.2 13.0 (NA) (NA) 34.7 7.7

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 20.9 0.8 16.8 0.8 40.9 2.9 9.6 4.2 (NA) (NA) 26.8 4.3 31.3 4.6

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 2.1 17.7 2.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 1.5 14.5 1.5 52.2 8.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 33.8 5.0

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 1.6 19.2 1.7 41.3 7.6 12.8 5.4 (NA) (NA) 18.5 4.0 30.7 2.8

New Hampshire . . . . . 10.0 1.5 9.2 1.4 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . 14.5 0.7 9.8 0.6 27.8 2.1 6.7 1.6 34.0 3.9 18.7 3.5 26.6 2.0

New Mexico . . . . . . . . 30.0 1.9 26.9 2.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 39.2 6.1 (NA) (NA) 35.4 2.8

New York . . . . . . . . . . 21.2 0.5 14.8 0.6 33.3 1.5 20.6 1.7 36.3 1.9 26.0 2.8 33.9 1.3

North Carolina . . . . . . 24.9 0.7 17.1 0.8 40.2 1.8 16.0 3.4 47.3 2.6 27.1 3.3 42.6 2.9

North Dakota . . . . . . . 16.2 2.0 12.1 2.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 0.6 18.1 0.7 47.6 2.0 13.5 3.4 43.2 6.6 32.3 3.2 37.7 3.1

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 24.7 1.1 20.1 1.3 43.5 5.0 15.9 6.2 39.9 6.5 26.8 3.4 37.3 3.2

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.6 0.9 19.0 1.1 49.3 8.9 15.9 5.2 41.0 6.9 21.1 3.7 35.7 3.1

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 19.1 0.6 14.1 0.6 37.6 2.3 13.9 2.8 48.9 4.8 32.9 3.1 41.6 2.5

Rhode Island . . . . . . . 19.0 2.2 11.9 2.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 47.0 8.9 (NA) (NA) 36.8 6.3

South Carolina . . . . . . 26.1 1.2 16.6 1.2 41.7 2.8 (NA) (NA) 47.8 9.9 30.7 5.6 43.9 4.3

South Dakota . . . . . . . 18.2 2.0 10.7 1.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 25.7 1.0 20.8 1.1 40.3 2.6 15.4 6.4 47.2 9.2 32.9 5.5 42.3 4.1

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 0.4 23.8 0.5 33.5 1.5 11.9 1.7 37.4 1.9 22.0 2.0 35.6 0.8

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7 1.0 13.5 1.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 40.1 6.9 (NA) (NA) 34.4 3.5

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . 16.7 2.1 16.2 2.1 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 27.2 22.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.5 0.6 10.5 0.7 27.6 1.7 8.6 2.1 (NA) (NA) 12.9 2.5 18.2 2.3

Washington . . . . . . . . 18.2 0.9 15.4 0.9 36.9 5.3 10.7 2.1 41.7 5.4 18.1 3.0 36.6 2.8

West Virginia . . . . . . . 25.5 1.8 24.2 1.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 19.1 0.8 13.8 0.8 53.3 4.1 22.5 6.4 35.9 7.6 30.9 3.8 34.7 3.2

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 2.6 12.9 2.9 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . 56.3 1.2 54.5 1.4 63.1 4.0 (NA) (NA) 60.6 3.8 57.7 3.6 56.3 1.1

(NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey, 2010 Puerto Rico Community Survey.
U.S. Census Bureau 11

Table 3. 

Number and Percentage of White Alone Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State 

and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . 7,940,734 82,050 15.7 0.2 8,447,376 82,918 17.0 0.2 *506,642 43,108 *1.3 0.2

Alabama . . . . . . . . . 113,280 6,127 15.8 0.8 132,136 9,306 18.7 1.3 *18,856 4,118 *2.9 1.6

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . 10,843 2,095 10.0 1.9 8,761 2,028 8.3 2.0 –2,082 1,077 –1.7 2.8

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . 265,955 15,201 21.3 1.2 264,716 15,071 22.5 1.2 –1,239 7,910 1.2 1.7

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . 101,781 6,830 20.3 1.3 107,371 7,226 21.4 1.4 5,590 3,674 1.2 2.0

California . . . . . . . . . 978,194 28,239 18.2 0.5 1,053,054 26,104 19.9 0.5 *74,860 14,211 *1.8 0.7

Colorado . . . . . . . . . 145,606 10,366 15.3 1.0 134,391 9,759 14.3 1.0 –11,215 5,261 –0.9 1.4

Connecticut . . . . . . . 42,468 5,772 7.3 1.0 46,960 4,660 8.1 0.8 4,492 2,741 0.8 1.3

Delaware . . . . . . . . . 17,374 3,442 13.1 2.6 15,473 3,062 12.5 2.4 –1,901 1,702 –0.6 3.5

District of Columbia . 1,417 822 4.8 2.7 1,581 1,041 6.4 4.0 164 490 1.7 4.8

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . 452,792 16,817 16.4 0.6 492,687 16,673 18.4 0.6 *39,895 8,751 *2.0 0.9

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . 209,499 14,072 14.6 1.0 215,166 12,237 16.2 0.9 5,667 6,891 *1.6 1.3

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . 7,194 2,402 11.9 4.0 5,183 1,497 11.4 3.4 –2,101 1,046 –0.3 5.3

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,245 6,265 17.7 1.7 64,129 5,512 16.9 1.4 –1,232 3,078 –0.8 2.2

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . 265,997 14,059 12.9 0.7 259,296 12,442 12.8 0.6 –6,701 6,938 –0.1 0.9

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . 194,726 9,805 15.4 0.8 225,293 11,704 17.9 0.9 *30,567 5,642 *2.5 1.2

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,821 6,813 14.0 1.1 80,827 5,816 13.1 0.9 –4,994 3,310 –0.9 1.4

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . 82,746 7,904 14.7 1.4 84,446 7,563 14.8 1.3 1,700 4,043 0.1 1.9

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . 195,654 10,462 23.1 1.2 196,156 9,406 23.3 1.1 502 5,199 0.2 1.7

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . 76,590 7,000 12.2 1.1 84,606 6,334 14.0 1.0 8,016 3,489 *1.7 1.5

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,120 3,879 15.4 1.6 40,247 3,816 16.4 1.6 3,127 2,011 0.9 2.2

Maryland . . . . . . . . . 51,229 5,464 7.1 0.8 51,461 5,371 7.4 0.8 232 2,831 0.3 1.1

Massachusetts . . . . . 99,043 8,604 9.2 0.8 110,023 7,978 10.4 0.7 10,980 4,336 *1.2 1.1

Michigan . . . . . . . . . 282,916 12,194 16.4 0.7 295,507 11,641 17.6 0.7 12,591 6,230 *1.2 1.0

Minnesota . . . . . . . . 99,408 6,651 9.9 0.7 99,382 6,504 10.0 0.6 –26 3,438 0.1 0.9

Mississippi . . . . . . . . 67,700 6,593 17.2 1.6 71,273 7,859 18.6 2.1 3,573 3,791 1.4 2.6

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . 187,277 10,131 16.9 0.9 182,858 8,923 16.8 0.8 –4,419 4,989 –0.1 1.2

Montana . . . . . . . . . . 31,352 4,285 17.5 2.4 32,505 3,768 17.7 2.0 1,153 2,109 0.2 3.1

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . 40,637 4,011 11.2 1.1 54,948 5,706 14.5 1.5 *14,311 2,577 *3.3 1.8

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . 80,121 8,458 16.5 1.8 84,403 7,613 19.2 1.7 4,282 4,205 *2.7 2.4

New Hampshire . . . . 23,984 4,159 9.3 1.6 23,582 3,699 9.2 1.4 –402 2,057 –0.1 2.1

New Jersey . . . . . . . 128,766 10,095 9.7 0.7 127,822 8,620 9.8 0.6 –944 4,906 0.1 1.0

New Mexico . . . . . . . 75,603 6,912 22.2 2.0 93,354 7,860 26.9 2.2 *17,751 3,868 *4.7 3.0

New York . . . . . . . . . 362,559 15,939 13.6 0.6 380,479 15,593 14.8 0.6 17,920 8,240 *1.2 0.8

North Carolina . . . . . 214,487 11,036 15.0 0.7 241,014 12,464 17.1 0.8 *26,527 6,152 *2.1 1.1

North Dakota . . . . . . 10,345 2,038 8.8 1.7 14,948 2,555 12.1 2.1 *4,603 1,208 *3.3 2.7

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356,215 15,980 16.8 0.7 373,606 14,417 18.1 0.7 17,391 7,954 *1.2 1.0

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . 107,813 6,976 17.6 1.1 116,751 7,583 20.1 1.3 8,938 3,808 *2.4 1.7

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . 117,871 7,768 17.4 1.1 126,892 7,659 19.0 1.1 9,021 4,031 *1.6 1.6

Pennsylvania . . . . . . 258,550 12,326 12.3 0.6 294,233 13,257 14.1 0.6 *35,683 6,690 1.8 0.8

Rhode Island . . . . . . 19,453 3,106 11.8 1.9 19,207 3,430 11.9 2.1 –246 1,710 0.1 2.8

South Carolina . . . . . 95,138 7,551 14.6 1.1 106,241 7,542 16.6 1.2 *11,103 3,944 *2.0 1.6

South Dakota . . . . . . 17,050 3,269 11.4 2.1 16,534 2,972 10.7 1.9 –516 1,633 –0.7 2.9

Tennessee . . . . . . . . 198,191 10,287 18.4 0.9 219,474 12,161 20.7 1.1 *21,283 5,886 *2.3 1.5

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,079,651 29,558 22.4 0.6 1,144,142 23,051 23.8 0.5 *64,491 13,852 *1.4 0.8

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,076 7,743 10.8 1.0 100,453 8,011 13.5 1.0 *20,377 4,117 *2.7 1.5

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . 14,038 2,211 12.2 1.9 18,912 2,490 16.2 2.1 *4,874 1,230 *4.0 2.9

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . 111,818 8,606 9.5 0.7 120,900 8,548 10.5 0.7 9,082 4,482 1.0 1.0

Washington . . . . . . . 156,104 10,700 13.8 0.9 171,027 9,825 15.4 0.9 *14,923 5,368 *1.6 1.3

West Virginia . . . . . . 78,005 4,800 22.5 1.4 82,952 6,281 24.2 1.8 4,947 2,921 1.6 2.3

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 132,279 8,651 12.5 0.8 144,996 8,915 13.8 0.8 *12,717 4,591 *1.3 1.2

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 12,753 2,641 11.5 2.4 15,018 3,458 12.9 2.9 2,265 1,608 1.4 3.8

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . 370,957 10,294 54.8 1.3 318,687 8,548 54.5 1.4 *–52,270 8,134 –0.3 1.9

* Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
12 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 4. 

Number and Percentage of Black Alone Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State 

and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . 3,766,287 51,860 36.3 0.5 4,025,289 59,779 38.2 0.5 *259,002 29,246 *1.9 0.7

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 141,599 7,720 42.3 2.2 157,651 8,007 45.8 2.2 *16,052 4,110 *3.5 3.2

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 23,953 5,011 30.5 5.3 24,357 4,130 31.5 5.1 404 2,400 1.0 7.4

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . 63,703 5,266 49.0 3.9 65,439 4,640 47.4 3.4 1,736 2,594 –1.6 5.1

California . . . . . . . . . . 165,641 12,305 29.4 2.0 173,026 10,320 32.2 1.8 7,385 5,935 *2.8 2.7

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 19,481 3,534 36.0 5.7 20,819 3,056 39.0 4.9 1,338 1,726 3.0 7.5

Connecticut . . . . . . . . 22,730 3,759 25.5 4.1 28,075 4,756 29.4 4.9 5,345 2,240 4.0 6.4

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . 12,769 3,380 26.1 6.6 17,722 3,532 32.8 6.3 *4,953 1,807 6.7 9.1

District of Columbia . . 30,400 4,312 42.8 6.0 27,610 3,586 41.6 5.4 –2,790 2,072 –1.2 8.0

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 311,256 17,171 38.0 1.9 324,348 14,850 38.6 1.7 13,092 8,389 0.6 2.6

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 273,914 12,979 33.1 1.5 305,250 11,437 36.1 1.3 *31,336 6,393 *2.9 2.0

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207,077 9,644 40.1 1.8 215,620 9,187 41.6 1.7 8,543 4,922 1.5 2.5

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 75,192 5,880 45.3 3.1 71,905 6,800 41.8 3.7 3,287 3,322 –3.5 4.9

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,781 2,155 41.1 8.6 16,899 2,919 51.4 7.7 *8,118 1,341 10.3 11.5

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,749 2,967 40.4 6.8 17,495 3,111 37.5 6.2 746 1,589 –2.9 9.2

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 38,027 4,359 44.1 4.2 42,992 4,175 47.3 4.2 4,965 2,230 3.2 6.0

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 174,593 9,641 42.2 2.3 196,877 10,596 47.0 2.4 *22,284 5,294 *4.9 3.3

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 80,878 7,836 19.4 1.9 95,606 8,700 22.2 2.0 *14,728 4,327 *2.8 2.7

Massachusetts . . . . . . 32,059 5,160 28.2 4.2 39,008 4,424 32.4 3.6 *6,949 2,512 4.2 5.6

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 176,793 8,928 46.7 2.2 181,403 8,149 48.1 2.1 4,610 4,467 1.4 3.1

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 34,765 4,081 46.6 4.5 43,031 4,300 45.9 4.3 *8,266 2,191 –0.7 6.2

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . 157,875 7,272 48.3 2.1 159,445 7,536 48.6 2.1 1,520 3,870 0.3 3.0

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 75,728 5,854 40.4 2.9 81,317 6,110 40.9 2.9 5,589 3,127 0.5 4.1

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 11,386 2,461 48.4 9.1 12,840 2,914 52.2 8.6 1,454 1,409 3.8 12.5

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 17,635 4,017 30.5 6.5 24,444 4,812 41.3 7.6 *6,809 2,316 *10.8 10.0

New Hampshire . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . 81,114 6,327 26.1 2.0 84,344 6,352 27.8 2.1 3,230 3,313 1.7 2.9

New Mexico . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New York . . . . . . . . . . 241,446 11,771 30.9 1.4 245,049 11,643 33.3 1.5 3,603 6,118 *2.4 2.0

North Carolina . . . . . . 189,564 10,150 36.6 1.8 216,421 10,531 40.2 1.8 *26,857 5,405 *3.6 2.6

North Dakota . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175,074 8,479 46.8 2.2 186,195 8,731 47.6 2.0 11,121 4,497 0.8 3.0

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 30,343 4,708 40.4 5.3 32,362 4,092 43.5 5.0 2,019 2,305 3.2 7.3

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,884 1,830 30.6 9.8 9,773 2,018 49.3 8.9 *3,889 1,007 *18.7 13.2

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 135,384 8,825 37.4 2.3 139,498 9,647 37.6 2.3 4,114 4,832 0.2 3.3

Rhode Island . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

South Carolina . . . . . . 138,624 8,680 41.4 2.5 146,215 9,799 41.7 2.8 7,591 4,838 0.3 3.7

South Dakota . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 123,015 8,359 42.4 2.8 119,841 8,030 40.3 2.6 3,174 4,284 2.1 3.8

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,056 11,638 31.9 1.4 279,857 12,916 33.5 1.5 *25,801 6,425 1.6 2.0

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 108,953 8,009 27.7 2.0 108,608 6,951 27.6 1.7 –345 3,919 –0.1 2.7

Washington . . . . . . . . 21,323 3,828 33.8 5.4 24,030 3,910 36.9 5.3 2,707 2,022 3.1 7.6

West Virginia . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 51,244 4,806 47.6 4.5 59,477 5,510 53.3 4.1 *8,233 2,702 5.7 6.1

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . 38,706 4,714 64.9 4.1 38,121 3,793 63.1 4.0 –585 3,678 –1.8 5.7

* Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

(NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
U.S. Census Bureau 13

Table 5. 

Number and Percentage of Asian Alone Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State 

and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . . 380,324 14,335 12.4 0.4 418,564 12,571 13.0 0.4 *38,240 7,046 *0.7 0.6

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,186 1,678 11.2 4.4 4,564 1,914 12.7 5.1 378 941 1.5 6.7

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

California . . . . . . . . . . . 111,227 7,245 11.7 0.7 124,387 8,463 12.4 0.8 *13,160 4,117 0.7 1.1

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . 2,104 1,000 7.1 3.3 2,697 1,128 9.0 3.6 593 557 1.9 4.9

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . 1,902 1,231 6.2 4.0 1,580 738 4.8 2.2 –322 531 –1.5 4.6

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

District of Columbia . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,349 2,845 12.3 2.7 13,537 2,493 14.1 2.5 1,188 1,398 1.8 3.7

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,503 2,140 14.2 2.9 9,644 2,901 12.5 3.8 –859 1,332 –1.7 4.8

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,420 1,419 6.6 2.1 5,271 2,328 6.7 2.8 851 1,007 0.1 3.5

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,915 3,204 10.5 2.4 15,159 3,146 11.8 2.5 1,244 1,659 1.3 3.5

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,388 1,217 15.0 5.4 6,056 1,539 24.2 5.6 *2,668 725 *9.2 7.8

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,690 1,256 13.5 6.0 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . 1,388 1,030 7.8 5.6 3,439 1,060 22.5 6.6 *2,051 546 *14.7 8.6

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 4,287 1,374 6.7 2.1 6,315 2,033 8.8 2.8 2,028 907 2.1 3.5

Massachusetts . . . . . . . 8,409 2,170 11.4 2.9 7,763 1,950 9.8 2.4 –646 1,078 –1.5 3.8

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . 12,489 2,642 19.9 4.0 7,562 1,828 11.8 2.8 *–4,927 1,187 *–8.1 4.9

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . 13,214 2,611 22.0 4.3 15,601 3,261 23.7 4.7 2,387 1,544 1.7 6.4

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,659 695 8.0 3.3 1,969 856 9.6 4.2 310 408 1.6 5.3

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,624 1,600 10.2 4.4 4,961 2,078 12.8 5.4 1,337 969 2.6 7.0

New Hampshire . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . 12,700 2,769 7.7 1.7 11,598 2,830 6.7 1.6 –1,102 1,463 –1.0 2.3

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New York . . . . . . . . . . . 56,652 5,751 18.7 1.9 59,150 5,283 20.6 1.7 2,498 2,886 1.9 2.6

North Carolina . . . . . . . 6,473 1,814 13.3 3.5 9,052 1,980 16.0 3.4 *–2,579 992 2.7 4.8

North Dakota . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,362 1,734 12.1 3.7 6,439 1,664 13.5 3.4 1,077 888 1.4 5.0

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 2,399 929 15.9 6.2 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,247 1,749 16.8 5.4 4,972 1,669 15.9 5.2 –275 893 –1.0 7.5

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 11,926 3,002 15.3 3.7 11,349 2,374 13.9 2.8 –577 1,414 –1.3 4.6

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

South Carolina . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

South Dakota . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 1,879 954 8.8 4.7 3,687 1,581 15.4 6.4 1,808 682 6.6 8.0

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,414 4,710 12.1 2.1 27,741 4,188 11.9 1.7 327 2,329 –0.2 2.7

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,255 1,676 7.1 1.9 8,607 2,147 8.6 2.1 2,352 1,006 1.6 2.8

Washington . . . . . . . . . 11,322 3,045 12.6 3.4 11,232 2,275 10.7 2.1 –90 1,405 –1.9 4.0

West Virginia . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . 6,138 1,745 16.5 4.6 9,175 2,613 22.5 6.4 3,037 1,161 6.0 7.9

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

* Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

(NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
14 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 6. 

Number and Percentage of Some Other Race Alone Children in Poverty in the Past 

12 Months by State and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . . 1,582,217 36,027 32.8 0.6 1,681,419 37,905 35.7 0.6 *–99,202 31,790 *2.9 0.9

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,131 6,773 29.6 4.0 45,829 7,217 33.2 4.4 2,698 6,017 3.6 5.9

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

California . . . . . . . . . . . 484,894 19,513 29.7 1.1 524,722 20,909 33.9 1.3 *39,828 17,386 *4.2 1.6

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . 27,537 5,575 34.0 6.3 34,404 4,674 35.3 4.3 6,867 4,423 1.3 7.6

Connecticut . . . . . . . . . 22,818 4,340 39.4 5.7 19,631 3,455 36.5 5.6 –3,187 3,372 –3.0 8.0

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

District of Columbia . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,345 5,853 28.6 3.3 48,382 6,775 36.3 4.3 8,037 5,443 *7.7 5.4

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,673 7,303 49.1 5.2 57,556 8,107 53.1 5.5 –1,117 6,633 4.0 7.6

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73,311 8,603 25.0 2.5 83,326 9,287 29.4 2.8 10,015 7,696 *4.4 3.7

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,579 3,328 37.5 6.0 16,847 3,861 35.1 6.3 268 3,099 –2.4 8.7

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . 8,693 2,877 15.3 5.0 7,333 2,255 15.9 4.6 –1,360 2,222 0.6 6.8

Massachusetts . . . . . . . 30,974 4,453 42.4 5.1 27,470 4,461 40.1 5.3 –3,504 3,832 –2.2 7.4

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . 12,663 3,787 33.2 8.3 12,783 2,917 32.0 6.0 120 2,906 –1.2 10.2

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . 7,327 2,595 28.0 8.2 5,890 2,051 24.2 7.2 –1,437 2,011 –3.9 10.9

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,564 2,294 17.0 5.8 19,007 4,111 31.8 5.8 *12,443 2,862 *14.8 8.2

New Hampshire . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . 36,519 5,732 26.4 3.7 52,780 7,255 34.0 3.9 *16,261 5,621 *7.5 5.4

New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 20,391 3,935 32.7 5.6 24,577 4,642 39.2 6.1 4,186 3,699 6.5 8.3

New York . . . . . . . . . . . 162,768 10,136 38.6 2.0 156,334 9,590 36.3 1.9 –6,434 8,483 –2.3 2.8

North Carolina . . . . . . . 57,967 6,771 47.6 4.2 51,851 5,848 47.3 4.2 –6,116 5,439 –0.3 6.0

North Dakota . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,290 2,954 39.9 7.3 13,200 2,663 43.2 6.6 1,910 2,418 3.3 9.9

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . 11,537 2,751 33.7 7.3 13,653 2,936 39.9 6.5 2,116 2,446 6.2 9.8

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,405 4,633 35.5 6.9 23,461 4,422 41.0 6.9 5,056 3,893 5.5 9.8

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . 33,333 5,124 43.1 5.4 37,215 4,479 48.9 4.8 3,882 4,137 5.8 7.3

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . 9,020 2,401 40.4 8.7 9,868 2,624 47.0 8.9 848 2,162 6.6 12.5

South Carolina . . . . . . . 10,852 2,769 48.8 8.7 9,463 2,540 47.8 9.9 –1,389 2,284 –1.0 13.2

South Dakota . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . 12,355 3,373 43.9 9.0 14,190 3,436 47.2 9.2 1,835 2,927 3.3 12.9

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243,130 14,502 36.4 1.5 232,227 14,290 37.4 1.9 –10,903 12,377 1.0 2.4

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,856 3,008 25.1 7.1 14,096 3,063 40.1 6.9 5,240 2,610 *15.1 9.9

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,993 3,091 19.1 5.4 10,968 3,318 17.8 4.9 975 2,757 –1.3 7.3

Washington . . . . . . . . . 33,733 6,314 36.3 5.6 40,086 5,743 41.7 5.4 6,353 5,189 5.4 7.8

West Virginia . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 11,134 2,727 35.9 7.6 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . . 53,256 4,644 59.3 3.5 62,025 5,489 60.6 3.8 *8,769 5,189 1.3 5.1

*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

(NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
U.S. Census Bureau 15

Table 7. 

Number and Percentage of Two or More Race Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by 

State and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see www.census.gov/acs/www

/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . 725,925 21,825 20.4 0.5 886,163 23,849 22.7 0.5 *160,238 19,652 *2.3 0.8

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 17,633 3,829 18.8 3.7 14,030 2,945 16.3 3.1 –3,603 2,937 –2.5 4.8

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

California . . . . . . . . . . 79,022 7,338 12.2 1.1 108,291 10,417 15.8 1.4 *29,269 7,746 *3.6 1.8

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 13,649 2,586 17.0 3.1 14,302 2,808 17.5 3.3 653 2,321 0.5 4.5

Connecticut . . . . . . . . 6,386 1,917 15.4 4.3 7,083 1,884 15.7 3.7 697 1,634 0.4 5.7

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

District of Columbia . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,694 3,995 18.9 2.2 39,954 5,708 22.9 2.7 *10,260 4,235 *4.0 3.5

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 14,440 2,893 17.9 3.4 21,417 3,965 23.0 3.6 *6,977 2,984 *5.1 4.9

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,025 3,678 16.3 3.0 20,391 3,198 16.3 2.5 1,366 2,963 0.0 3.9

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,658 4,946 23.3 3.3 25,215 3,429 20.0 2.3 –4,443 3,659 –3.3 4.0

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,901 3,045 33.9 4.8 21,651 3,244 31.4 3.9 750 2,705 –2.5 6.2

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,376 2,587 29.7 4.8 14,247 2,469 32.0 5.0 1,871 2,174 2.3 6.9

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 14,454 2,637 37.7 5.1 15,621 2,992 39.7 6.1 1,167 2,424 2.0 7.9

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 9,152 2,113 24.8 5.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 8,519 2,508 13.5 3.6 10,767 3,379 14.0 4.0 2,248 2,558 0.5 5.4

Massachusetts . . . . . . 14,664 3,645 20.3 4.7 15,763 2,433 23.0 2.8 1,099 2,664 2.7 5.5

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 28,582 4,083 29.8 3.6 36,845 5,146 30.4 3.1 *8,263 3,993 0.7 4.7

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 12,149 2,393 20.8 3.9 18,528 3,715 26.7 4.6 *6,379 2,686 5.9 6.0

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 7,500 2,802 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 18,114 2,781 29.6 3.8 16,246 2,859 26.8 4.3 –1,868 2,425 –2.8 5.7

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 6,871 2,143 16.7 4.7 8,871 2,280 18.5 4.0 2,000 1,902 1.8 6.1

New Hampshire . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . 12,098 3,316 15.0 3.6 17,681 3,879 18.7 3.5 *5,583 3,102 3.6 5.0

New Mexico . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New York . . . . . . . . . . 39,787 5,350 23.7 2.7 53,519 6,242 26.0 2.8 *13,732 4,998 2.3 3.9

North Carolina . . . . . . 26,361 4,595 27.4 3.8 29,439 4,000 27.1 3.3 3,078 3,703 –0.3 5.0

North Dakota . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,981 4,652 32.7 3.9 42,883 5,049 32.3 3.2 *7,902 4,173 –0.4 5.0

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 29,895 3,721 28.6 3.2 34,196 4,960 26.8 3.4 4,301 3,769 –1.8 4.6

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,228 2,558 18.9 4.0 12,533 2,413 21.1 3.7 1,305 2,138 2.1 5.4

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 26,253 3,978 26.8 3.4 38,847 4,646 32.9 3.1 *12,594 3,718 *6.1 4.6

Rhode Island . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

South Carolina . . . . . . 12,706 2,385 34.6 5.2 13,464 3,231 30.7 5.6 758 2,441 –3.9 7.7

South Dakota . . . . . . . 1,262 600 15.6 7.0 3,169 1,030 (NA) (NA) (NA) 725 (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 14,190 2,675 28.5 4.9 18,437 3,646 32.9 5.5 4,247 2,749 4.4 7.4

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,026 6,082 18.6 2.1 56,502 6,260 22.0 2.0 *10,476 5,306 *3.5 2.9

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,529 3,421 14.9 3.1 14,807 2,954 12.9 2.5 278 2,748 –2.0 4.0

Washington . . . . . . . . 19,401 3,408 14.3 2.3 25,516 4,367 18.1 3.0 *6,115 3,367 3.8 3.8

West Virginia . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 12,503 2,362 25.6 4.1 19,953 2,898 30.9 3.8 *7,450 2,273 5.3 5.6

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . 76,778 6,139 64.3 3.2 77,980 5,816 57.7 3.6 1,202 5,141 *–6.5 4.8

*Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

(NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are 

not related to the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error 

in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence 

interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.
16 U.S. Census Bureau

Table 8. 

Number and Percentage of Hispanic Children in Poverty in the Past 12 Months by State 

and Puerto Rico: 2009 and 2010

(For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see 

www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/data_documentation/Accuracy/ACS_Accuracy_of_Data_2010.pdf)

Area

Below poverty in 2009 Below poverty in 2010 Change in poverty (2010 less 2009)

Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Number1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2 Percent1

Margin 

of error 

(±)2

 United States . . 5,061,196 52,281 30.8 0.3 5,471,739 55,675 32.3 0.3 *410,543 46,428 *1.5 0.4

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . 26,825 3,876 43.6 5.8 25,262 3,300 38.2 4.6 –1,563 3,095 –5.5 7.4

Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . 247,626 15,058 33.3 2.1 227,850 12,615 32.7 1.8 *–19,776 11,942 –0.7 2.7

Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . 30,759 4,312 43.2 6.1 27,401 3,882 38.5 5.4 –3,358 3,527 –4.7 8.1

California . . . . . . . . . . 1,281,747 27,218 27.5 0.6 1,414,838 34,625 30.2 0.7 *133,091 26,773 *2.6 0.9

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . 122,646 8,142 34.0 2.3 113,908 7,448 30.8 2.0 –8,738 6,708 *–3.2 3.0

Connecticut . . . . . . . . 44,729 4,728 31.4 3.3 44,800 4,810 28.4 3.0 71 4,100 –3.1 4.5

Delaware . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 6,851 2,317 25.7 8.8 (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 

District of Columbia . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . 266,240 12,653 25.3 1.2 310,678 15,539 28.3 1.4 *44,438 12,182 *3.0 1.8

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . 131,257 9,075 42.0 2.8 126,076 8,320 40.6 2.6 –5,181 7,484 –1.4 3.8

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,015 1,861 18.9 4.4 8,515 2,138 19.4 5.0 500 1,723 0.5 6.6

Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,194 3,771 35.3 5.4 24,074 3,691 33.1 5.1 –120 3,208 –2.2 7.4

Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179,397 10,469 25.8 1.5 186,910 11,573 26.0 1.6 7,513 9,487 0.2 2.2

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,841 5,241 36.7 3.8 52,177 4,709 34.7 3.0 3,336 4,283 –2.0 4.9

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,295 2,400 31.6 4.7 20,063 3,300 33.4 5.4 3,768 2,481 1.9 7.1

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,643 3,765 31.6 3.7 38,014 4,700 31.9 3.9 *6,371 3,661 0.3 5.4

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . 17,620 3,269 38.7 6.4 19,020 2,678 39.2 5.1 1,400 2,569 0.6 8.2

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . 10,004 2,135 20.7 4.4 13,708 2,030 26.0 3.9 *3,704 1,791 5.3 5.9

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . 19,976 3,700 14.6 2.8 22,827 3,819 15.8 2.6 2,851 3,232 1.2 3.8

Massachusetts . . . . . . 72,193 5,088 37.6 2.7 80,970 5,742 38.7 2.7 *8,777 4,664 1.1 3.8

Michigan . . . . . . . . . . 54,928 4,892 36.1 3.2 59,761 4,843 35.8 2.9 4,833 4,185 –0.3 4.3

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . 29,148 3,592 32.4 3.8 28,782 3,332 29.3 3.4 –366 2,978 –3.1 5.1

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . 7,979 2,128 34.4 8.4 8,431 1,792 34.7 7.7 452 1,691 0.3 11.4

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . 26,694 3,391 34.4 4.2 24,633 3,605 31.3 4.6 –2,061 3,009 –3.1 6.2

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . 17,375 2,902 29.0 4.9 23,170 3,501 33.8 5.0 *5,795 2,764 4.8 7.1

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . 64,350 7,117 24.8 2.8 79,917 7,170 30.7 2.8 *15,567 6,141 *5.9 3.9

New Hampshire . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

New Jersey . . . . . . . . 110,763 8,742 25.4 2.0 121,299 8,852 26.6 2.0 10,536 7,563 1.2 2.8

New Mexico . . . . . . . . 83,732 7,465 30.1 2.7 106,283 8,348 35.4 2.8 *22,551 6,808 *5.3 3.9

New York . . . . . . . . . . 313,268 12,643 33.3 1.3 323,803 12,293 33.9 1.3 10,535 10,720 0.6 1.8

North Carolina . . . . . . 119,502 8,626 42.3 2.9 130,743 9,132 42.6 2.9 11,241 7,636 0.3 4.1

North Dakota . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,575 3,799 37.7 3.1 49,746 4,087 37.7 3.1 4,171 3,392 – 4.4

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . 42,144 3,972 35.3 3.3 49,177 4,237 37.3 3.2 *7,033 3,530 2.1 4.6

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,091 5,928 29.5 3.5 62,854 5,575 35.7 3.1 *12,763 4,947 *6.2 4.7

Pennsylvania . . . . . . . 82,764 5,764 35.2 2.0 106,803 6,330 41.6 2.5 *24,039 5,204 *6.4 3.4

Rhode Island . . . . . . . 15,406 2,825 35.2 6.5 16,747 2,866 36.8 6.3 1,341 2,446 1.6 9.0

South Carolina . . . . . . 31,386 4,026 40.8 5.0 34,612 3,468 43.9 4.3 3,226 3,230 3.1 6.6

South Dakota . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . 38,679 4,592 37.3 4.4 44,329 4,496 42.3 4.1 5,650 3,907 5.0 6.0

Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,130,570 27,913 35.2 0.9 1,175,886 25,272 35.6 0.8 *45,316 22,890 0.4 1.2

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,959 4,682 22.9 3.4 48,703 4,936 34.4 3.5 *16,744 4,136 *11.5 4.8

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,294 5,244 16.5 2.8 36,282 4,625 18.2 2.3 4,988 4,251 1.7 3.6

Washington . . . . . . . . 86,769 8,209 32.0 3.1 107,564 8,270 36.6 2.8 *20,795 7,084 *4.5 4.2

West Virginia . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . 37,031 4,329 32.5 3.7 45,513 4,319 34.7 3.2 *8,482 3,717 2.3 4.9

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA)

Puerto Rico . . . . . . . . 538,279 9,681 57.3 1.0 495,010 9,903 56.3 1.1 *–43,269 8,419 –1.1 1.5

* Statistically different from zero at the 90 percent confidence level.

– Represents or rounds to zero.

 (NA) Not available. Data cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 1

Poverty status is determined for individuals in housing units and noninstitutional group quarters. The poverty universe excludes children under age 15 who are not related to 

the householder, people living in institutional group quarters, and people living in college dormitories or military barracks. 2

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. A margin of error is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the margin of error in relation to the 

size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. This number when added to or subtracted from the estimate forms the 90 percent confidence interval.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 and 2010 American Community Surveys, 2009 and 2010 Puerto Rico Community Surveys.