Paraquat Dichloride 

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Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: 0419827 

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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention 

Date: September 25, 2014 

Paraquat Dichloride: Acute and Chronic Aggregate Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessments for 

the Registration Request For Expansion From Potato to Crop Group lC. 

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Decision No.: 483239 Registration No.: None 

Petition No.: 3E8201 Regulatory Action: Section 3 

Risk Assessment Type: NA Case No.: 0262 

TXR No.: NA CAS No.: 1910-42-5 

:,::,No., N;hurston G. Morton, Chern:: CF~ ~//-

Through: 

Risk Assessment Branch (RAB) IV 

Health Effects Division (HED) (7509P) 

Tom Bloem, Chemist ~~ ~~~ "' 

William Cutchin, Chemist }v/)!f~ l,X {;..:.._ 

Dietary Exposure Science Advisory Council 

HED (7509P) 

And 

Elissa Reaves, PhD, Branch Chief 

RABIV 

HED (7509P) 

To: Andrew Ertman 

Barbara Madden 

Risk Integration, Minor Use & Emergency Response Branch 

Registration Division (RD) (7505P) 

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Paraquat Dichloride 

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Executive Summary 

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Acute and chronic aggregate dietary [food and drinking water] exposure and risk assessments 

were conducted using the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model software with the Food 

Commodity Intake Database (DEEM-FCID) Version 3.16. This software us~s 2003-2008 food 

consumption data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) National Health and 

Nutrition Examination Survey, What We Eat in America, (NHANES/WWEIA). The analyses 

were conducted in support of a human-health risk assessment for the proposed expansion to Crop 

Group 1 C for residues of paraquat dichloride (hereafter referred to solely as paraquat). 

This memorandum was reviewed by two peer reviewers of the DESAC, per DESAC SOP 

2012.1. 

Acute Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization 

The acute dietary exposure analysis is based on tolerance level residues and maximum estimates 

of percent crop treated. DEEM (Version 7.81) default processing factors were used for some 

commodities. For drinking water, an Estimated Drinking Water Concentration (EDWC) of 0.15 

ppb, as recommended by the Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED), was used. As 

percent crop treated estimates were used, a probabilistic assessment was performed. Residue 

distribution files (RDF) files were created for the nonblended and partially blended commodities 

for which percent crop treated data were provided. The general U.S. population and all 

population subgroups have risk estimates that are below HED's level of concern (i.e., 100% of 

the acute population adjusted dose (aP AD)). The most highly exposed population subgroup is 

Children 1-2 yrs old which utilizes 75% ofthe aPAD. The general U.S. population utilizes 31% 

ofthe aPAD. 

To further characterize the exposure of paraquat dichloride residues, HED conducted a crop 

specific analysis (CSA). The purpose of the CSA calculations is to inform risk managers on the 

range of exposures that an individual may obtain from eating a treated commodity. For paraquat 

dichloride, HED estimated the risk to a 15 kg toddler consuming a reasonable serving of various 

crop subgroup 1 C commodities with residues at the tolerance. The maximum resulting risk 

estimate was 4% of the aPAD for potatoes. 

Chronic Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization 

The chronic analysis is based on tolerance level residues and average estimates of percent crop 

treated. DEEM (Version 7.81) default processing factors were used for some commodities. For 

drinking water, EDWC of0.15 ppb, as recommended by EFED, was used. The general U.S. 

population and all population subgroups have risk estimates that are below HED's level of 

concern (i.e., 100% of the chronic population adjusted dose (cPAD)). The most highly exposed 

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population subgroup is Children 1-2 yrs old which utilizes 27% of the cPAD. The general U.S. 

population utilizes 7% of the cPAD.

Cancer Dietary Exposure Results and Characterization

An assessment of cancer risk was not performed because paraquat was classified as being a 

Category E chemical (evidence of non-carcinogenicity in humans).

I. Introduction

Dietary risk assessment incorporates both exposure and toxicity of a given pesticide. For acute 

and chronic assessments, the risk is expressed as a percentage of a maximum acceptable dose 

(i.e., the dose that HED has concluded will result in no unreasonable adverse health effects). 

This dose is referred to as the population-adjusted dose (PAD). The PAD is equivalent to the 

point of departure (POD, NOAEL, LOAEL, e.g.) divided by the required uncertainty or safety 

factors.

For acute and non-cancer chronic exposures, HED is concerned when estimated dietary risk 

exceeds 100% of the PAD. References that discuss the acute and chronic risk assessments in 

more detail are available on the EPA/pesticides web site: “Available Information on Assessing 

Exposure from Pesticides, A User’s Guide,” 21-JUN-2000, web link: 

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf; or see SOP 99.6 (20-AUG1999).

The most recent dietary risk assessment for paraquat was conducted by T. Morton, 5/31/2012, 

D387271.

II. Residue Information

Residues in Food

The residue chemistry chapter of the Reregistration Eligibility Document (RED) (D217262, D. 

Miller, 7/28/95) concluded that, for the purposes of reregistration and risk assessment, the 

qualitative nature of the residue in plants is adequately understood based on studies depicting the 

metabolism of paraquat in carrots and lettuce following preemergence treatment and in potatoes 

and soybeans following desiccant treatment. The residue of concern in plants is parent paraquat.

The residue chemistry chapter of the RED (D217262, D. Miller, 7/28/95) concluded that for 

purposes of reregistration and risk assessment, the qualitative nature of the residue in animals is 

adequately understood based on the combined results of studies conducted with ruminants (goats 
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and cows), swine, and poultry. The residue of concern in eggs, milk, and poultry and livestock 

tissues is parent paraquat.

§ 180.205 Paraquat; tolerances for residues.

(a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the desiccant, defoliant, and herbicide paraquat (1,1′-

dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium-ion) derived from application of either the bis(methyl sulfate) or the dichloride salt (both 

calculated as the cation) in or on the following food commodities:

Table 1. Commodity Parts per million

Acerola 0.05

Almond, hulls 0.5

Animal feed, nongrass, group 18, forage 75.0

Animal feed, nongrass, group 18, hay 210.0

Artichoke, globe 0.05

Asparagus 0.5

Atemoya 0.05

Avocado 0.05

Banana 0.05

Barley, grain 0.05

Barley, hay 3.5

Barley, straw 1.0

Beet, sugar, roots 0.5

Beet, sugar, tops 0.05

Berry group 13 0.05

Biriba 0.05

Cacao bean, bean 0.05

Canistel 0.05

Carrot, roots 0.05

Cattle, fat 0.05

Cattle, kidney 0.5

Cattle, meat 0.05

Cattle, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.05

Cherimoya 0.05

Coffee, bean, green 0.05

Corn, field, forage 3.0

Corn, field, grain 0.1

Corn, field, stover 10.0

Corn, pop, grain 0.1
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Corn, pop, stover 10.0

Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.05

Cotton, gin byproducts 110.0

Cotton, undelinted seed 3.5

Cowpea, forage 0.1

Cowpea, hay 0.4

Cranberry 0.05

Custard apple 0.05

Egg 0.01

Endive 0.05

Feijoa 0.05

Fig 0.05

Fruit, citrus, group 10 0.05

Fruit, pome, group 11 0.05

Fruit, stone, group 12 0.05

Ginger 0.1

Goat, fat 0.05

Goat, kidney 0.5

Goat, meat 0.05

Goat, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.05

Grain, aspirated fractions 65.0

Grape 0.05

Grass, forage 90.0

Grass, hay 40.0

Guar, seed 0.5

Guava 0.05

Hog, fat 0.05

Hog, kidney 0.5

Hog, meat 0.05

Hog, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.05

Hop, dried cones 0.5

Horse, fat 0.05

Horse, kidney 0.5

Horse, meat 0.05

Horse, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.05

Ilama 0.05

Jaboticaba 0.05
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Kiwifruit 0.05

Lentil, seed 0.3

Lettuce 0.05

Longan 0.05

Lychee 0.05

Mango 0.05

Milk 0.01

Nut, tree, group 14 0.05

Okra 0.05

Olive 0.05

Onion, bulb 0.1

Onion, green 0.05

Papaya 0.05

Passionfruit 0.2

Pawpaw 0.05

Pea and bean, dried shelled, except soybean, subgroup 6C, except guar bean 0.3

Pea and bean, succulent shelled, subgroup 6B 0.05

Pea, field, hay 0.8

Pea, field, vines 0.2

Peanut 0.05

Peanut, hay 0.5

Peppermint, tops 0.5 

Persimmon 0.05

Pineapple 0.05

Pineapple, process residue 0.25

Pistachio 0.05

Pomegranate 0.05

Potato 0.5

Pulasan 0.05

Rambutan 0.05

Rhubarb 0.05

Rice, grain 0.05

Rice, straw 0.06

Safflower, seed 0.05

Sapodilla 0.05

Sapote, black 0.05

Sapote, mamey 0.05
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Sapote, white 0.05

Sheep, fat 0.05

Sheep, kidney 0.5

Sheep, meat 0.05

Sheep, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.05

Sorghum, forage, forage 0.1

Sorghum, grain, forage 0.1

Sorghum, grain, grain 0.05

Soursop 0.05

Soybean, forage 0.4

Soybean, hay 10.0

Soybean, hulls 4.5

Soybean, seed 0.7

Spanish lime 0.05

Spearmint, tops 0.5 

Star apple 0.05

Starfruit 0.05

Strawberry 0.25

Sugar apple 0.05

Sugarcane, cane 0.5

Sugarcane, molasses 3.0

Sunflower, seed 2.0

Turnip, greens 0.05

Turnip, roots 0.05

Vegetable, brassica, leafy, group 5 0.05

Vegetable, cucurbit, group 9 0.05

Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 0.05

Vegetable, legume, edible podded, subgroup 6A 0.05

Wax jambu 0.05

Wheat, forage 0.5

Wheat, grain 1.1

Wheat, hay 3.5

Wheat, straw 50.0

(b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved]

(c) Tolerances with regional registrations. Tolerances with regional registration as defined in §180.1(l), are 

established for residues of the pesticide paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′ bipyridinium ion) derived from application of 

either the bis(methyl sulfate) or the dichloride salt (both calculated as the cation) in or on the following food 

commodities:
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Commodity Parts per million

Cassava 0.05

Pea, pigeon, seed 0.05

Tanier 0.05

Taro, corm 0.1

Tyfon 0.05

Yam, true, tuber 0.05

(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved]

[46 FR 51614, Oct. 21, 1981]

HED is recommending in favor of the expansion of tolerances to Crop Group 1C at 0.50 ppm. 

All issues and data regarding the tolerance requests are discussed in the residue chemistry 

summary document prepared for the requests (D381971, T. Morton, 5/31/2012). Tolerances for 

paraquat are listed in 40CFR§180.205. 

The 1997 RED document states that adequate processing studies were submitted for processed 

commodities. Residues concentrated in corn flour and sugarcane molasses. The corn tolerance 

covers residues in corn flour but a separate tolerance on sugarcane molasses was established. 

DEEM Version 7.81 default processing factors were used for dried commodities. Paraquat did 

not concentrate in apple juice and orange juice, therefore, the processing factors for those was set 

to 1.

III. Percent Crop Treated Information

The Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD)’s Usage and Label Use Team (ULUT) 

provided a screening-level usage analysis (SLUA) for paraquat (7/18/2013). The SLUA can be 

found in Attachment 5. For the acute analysis, the maximum percent crop treated values were 

used. For the chronic analysis, the average percent crop treated values were used. Attachment 5

provides the sources of the data used to calculate percent crop treated estimates. In the acute 

analysis, the maximum percent crop treated values were used to establish RDF files. The files 

were based on tolerance level residues. The percent crop treated values were used to determine 

the relative number of times the tolerance value and a residue value of zero were entered into the 

RDF files. For example, the maximum percent crop treated value for nectarines is 20%. The 

RDF file therefore contains 20 entries at the tolerance level (0.05 ppm) and 80 zeroes. This 

procedure was used for nonblended and partially blended commodities. For blended 

commodities, the tolerance level was multiplied by the percent crop treated estimate and the 

resulting value was entered as a point estimate in the residue value column. Attachment 6 lists 

the values used in the RDF files and Attachment 8 lists the point estimates used for blended 
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commodities. Percent crop treated was used in both the acute and chronic dietary exposure 

analyses. In the acute assessment the following maximum percent crop treated were used: 

almond (35%), apple (30%), apricot (30%), artichoke (70%), asparagus (20%), avocado (5%), 

barley (2.5%), green beans (2.5%), blueberries (20%), broccoli (2.5%), cabbage (10%), 

caneberries (70%), cantaloupe (10%), carrots (2.5%), cauliflower (2.5%), celery (2.5%), cherry 

(30%), corn (2.5%), cotton (40%), cucumber (10%), dry beans/peas (5%), figs (5%), garlic 

(2.5%), grapefruit (15%), grapes (30%), hazelnut (70%), kiwifruit (30%), lemon (5%), lettuce 

(2.5%), nectarine (20%), olive (2.5%), onion (10%), orange (15%), peach (45%), peanut (45%), 

pear (20%), green peas (2.5%), pecan (10%), peppers (15%), pistachio (35%), plum/prune 

(20%), potato (10%), pumpkin (10%), rice (2.5%), sorghum (2.5%), soybean (2.5%), spinach 

(5%), squash (20%), strawberry (20%), sugar beet (2.5%), sugarcane (10%), sunflower (2.5%), 

sweet corn (2.5%), tangelos (10%), tangerine (5%), tomato (30%), walnut (20%), watermelon 

(15%), and wheat (2.5%). In the chronic assessment the following average percent crop treated 

were used: almond (25%), apple (20%), apricot (10%), artichoke (30%), asparagus (10%), 

avocado (5%), barley (1%), green beans (1%), blueberries (15%), broccoli (1%), cabbage (2.5%), 

caneberries (45%), cantaloupe (5%), carrots (1%), cauliflower (1%), celery (1%), cherry (20%), 

corn (2.5%), cotton (20%), cucumber (5%), dry beans/peas (2.5%), figs (5%), garlic (1%), 

grapefruit (5%), grapes (15%), hazelnut (55%), kiwifruit (30%), lemon (2.5%), lettuce (1%), 

nectarine (10%), olive (2.5%), onion (5%), orange (5%), peach (30%), peanut (25%), pear (10%),

green peas (1%), pecan (5%), peppers (10%), pistachio (25%), plum/prune (10%), potato (5%), 

pumpkin (5%), rice (1%), sorghum (1%), soybean (1%), spinach (2.5%), squash (5%), strawberry 

(5%), sugar beet (1%), sugarcane (5%), sunflower (1%), sweet corn (1%), tangelo (10%), 

tangerine (5%), tomato (10%), walnut (15%), watermelon (5%), and wheat (1%). 

IV. Drinking Water Information

The drinking water estimates used in the dietary risk assessment were provided by the EFED; J. 

Lin, 10-January-2012; D396402). EFED reviewed a non-guideline supplemental mobility study 

(MRID 48659501). The submitted study was conducted to evaluate the effects of traditional 

water treatment processes on paraquat and to determine the mobility of paraquat through soil 

filtration column. This memorandum only addresses the first aspect on the effects of using jar 

tests as a mean to mimic traditional water treatment processes to determine whether the results of 

jar tests are sufficient to provide the justification to refine the previous drinking water assessment 

(J. Lin, 11-May-2011; D381972).

14C-paraquat, spiked at ~30 ppb into the raw surface water samples from five representative US 

CWS (community water supply) facilities, was effectively removed by a combination of typical 

water treatment processes conducted on a laboratory-scale: the “laboratory jar test” (coagulation 

using alum with either lime or soda ash, flocculation and sedimentation), followed by duel media 

filtration (anthracite atop of filtering sand). The combination process was able to reduce the 
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level of 14C-paraquat to approximate or below the limit of detection of about 0.15μg/L (ppb). The 

jar test results allow EFED to better characterize potential levels in finished water for drinking 

water assessment purpose. The level of paraquat in the finished water of 0.15 μg/L should be 

used for the drinking water assessment.

V. DEEM-FCID Program and Consumption Information

Paraquat acute and chronic dietary exposure assessments were conducted using the DEEMFCID, Version 3.16, which incorporates 2003-2008 consumption data from USDA’s 

NHANES/WWEIA. The data are based on the reported consumption of more than 20,000 

individuals over two non-consecutive survey days. Foods “as consumed” (e.g., apple pie) are 

linked to EPA-defined food commodities (e.g., apples, peeled fruit - cooked; fresh or N/S; baked; 

or wheat flour - cooked; fresh or N/S, baked) using publicly available recipe translation files 

developed jointly by USDA/ARS and EPA. For chronic exposure assessment, consumption data 

are averaged for the entire U.S. population and within population subgroups. However, for acute 

exposure assessment, consumption data are retained as individual consumption events. Based on 

analysis of the 2003-2008 WWEIA consumption data, which took into account dietary patterns 

and survey respondents, HED concluded that it is most appropriate to report risk for the 

following population subgroups: the general U.S. population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-

2, children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 13-19, adults 20-49, females 13-49, and adults 50-99 years 

old.

For a chronic dietary exposure assessment, an estimate of the residue level in each food or foodform (e.g., orange or orange juice) on the food commodity residue list is multiplied by the 

average daily consumption estimate for that food/food form to produce a residue intake estimate. 

The resulting residue intake estimate for each food/food form is summed with the residue intake 

estimates for all other food/food forms on the commodity residue list to arrive at the total average 

estimated exposure. Exposure is expressed in mg/kg body weight/day and as a percent of the 

cPAD. This procedure is performed for each population subgroup.

For an acute exposure assessment, individual one-day food consumption data are used on an 

individual-by-individual basis. The reported consumption amounts of each food item can be 

multiplied by a residue point estimate and summed to obtain a total daily pesticide exposure for a 

deterministic exposure assessment, or “matched” in multiple random pairings with residue values 

and then summed in a probabilistic assessment. The resulting distribution of exposures is 

expressed as a percentage of the aPAD on both a user (i.e., only those who reported eating 

relevant commodities/food forms) and a per-capita (i.e., those who reported eating the relevant 

commodities as well as those who did not) basis. In accordance with HED policy, per capita 

exposure and risk are reported for analyses performed at all levels of refinement. However, for 

deterministic assessments, any significant differences in user vs. per capita exposure and risk are 

specifically identified and noted in the risk assessment.
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VI. Toxicological Information

HED has evaluated the toxicology database for paraquat. On March 7, 2000, the HED’s Hazard 

Identification Assessment Review Committee (HIARC) reviewed the toxicology data for 

paraquat with regard to the acute and chronic reference doses and the toxicological endpoint 

selection. Table 2 below provides a summary of the doses and endpoints used for the acute and 

chronic dietary exposure assessments. Paraquat was classified as not likely to be a human 

carcinogen.

Table 2. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Paraquat for Use

in Human Health Risk Assessments

Exposure

Scenario

Dose Used in Risk 

Assessment, UF 

Special FQPA SF and 

Level of Concern for 

Risk Assessment

Study and Toxicological Effects

Acute Dietary

(all populations)

NOAEL = 1.25 

mg/kg/day

UF = 100

Acute RfD = 0.0125 

mg/kg/day

FQPA SF = 1X

aPAD = 0.0125 

mg/kg/day

Multi-generation rat study

LOAEL = 3.75 mg/kg/day, based on 

increased incidences of alveolar 

histiocytes in both sexes

Chronic Dietary

(all populations)

NOAEL = 0.45 

mg/kg/day

UF = 100

Chronic RfD = 

0.0045 mg/kg/day

FQPA SF = 1X

cPAD = 0.0045 

mg/kg/day

Chronic toxicity in dogs

LOAEL = 0.93 mg/kg/day, based on 

increased severity of chronic 

pneumonitis and gross lung lesions in 

both sexes, and focal pulmonary 

granulomas in males

Cancer (oral, 

dermal, inhalation)

Classification: Category E (evidence of non-carcinogenicity to humans)

UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = Special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL = no observed adverse effect level, 

LOAEL = lowest observed adverse effect level, PAD = population adjusted dose (a = acute, c = chronic) RfD = 

reference dose.
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The toxicological database for paraquat is complete. The FQPA special safety factor was 

reduced to (1x) for the following reasons: (i) there is no evidence of neurotoxicity; (ii) there is no 

indication of quantitative or qualitative increased susceptibility of rats or mice to in utero and/or 

pre-/postnatal exposure of rats; (iii) the dietary (food and drinking water) exposure assessments 

will not underestimate the potential exposures for infants and children; and (iv) there are no 

registered residential uses of paraquat. 

VII. Results/Discussion

As stated above, for acute and chronic assessments, HED is concerned when dietary risk exceeds 

100% of the PAD. The DEEM-FCID analyses estimate the dietary exposure of the U.S. 

population and various population subgroups. The results reported in Tables 3 and 4 are for the 

general U.S. Population, all infants (<1 year old), children 1-2, children 3-5, children 6-12, youth 

13-19, females 13-49, adults 20-49, and adults 50-99 years.

Results of Acute Dietary Exposure Analysis

The results of the acute dietary exposure analysis at the 95th, 99th, and 99.9th percentiles of 

exposure are reported in Table 3. As percent crop treated estimates were used in the assessment, 

HED recommends that the 99.9th percentile of exposure be used for regulation.

Table 3. Results of Acute Dietary Exposure Analysis for Paraquat

(Food and Drinking Water)

Population Subgroup

aPAD 

(mkd)*

95th Percentile 99th Percentile 99.9th Percentile

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

General U.S. Population

0.0125

0.000910 7.3 0.001736 14 0.003932 31

All Infants (< 1 year old) 0.003392 27 0.005661 45 0.008424 67

Children 1-2 years old 0.002358 19 0.004207 34 0.009345 75

Children 3-5 years old 0.001715 14 0.002692 22 0.004594 37

Children 6-12 years old 0.001107 8.9 0.001772 14 0.003302 26
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Table 3. Results of Acute Dietary Exposure Analysis for Paraquat

(Food and Drinking Water)

Population Subgroup

aPAD 

(mkd)*

95th Percentile 99th Percentile 99.9th Percentile

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

Exposure 

(mkd)

% 

aPAD

Youth 13-19 years old 0.000658 5.3 0.001106 8.8 0.002026 16

Adults 20-49 years old 0.000575 4.6 0.001002 8.0 0.002108 17

Adults 50+ years old 0.000564 4.5 0.001110 8.9 0.002095 17

Females 13-49 years old 0.000555 4.4 0.000981 7.8 0.002060 16

*mkd: milligram per kilogram per day

Results of Chronic Dietary Exposure Analysis

The summary table below lists the results of the chronic dietary exposure analysis along with the 

results of the acute analysis at the regulated percentile of exposure (i.e., the 99.9th). The chronic 

dietary risk estimates for the general U.S. population and all population subgroups are below 

HED’s level of concern.

Table 4. Summary of Dietary Exposure and Risk for Paraquat

(Food and Drinking Water)

Population Subgroup*

Acute Dietary

(99.9th Percentile) Chronic Dietary Cancer

Dietary 

Exposure 

(mg/kg/day) % aPAD

Dietary 

Exposure

(mg/kg/day) % cPAD

Dietary 

Exposure

(mg/kg/day) Risk

General U.S. Population 0.003932 31 0.000321 7.1

N/A N/A

All Infants (< 1 year old) 0.008424 67 0.000833 19
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Table 4. Summary of Dietary Exposure and Risk for Paraquat

(Food and Drinking Water)

Population Subgroup*

Acute Dietary

(99.9th Percentile) Chronic Dietary Cancer

Dietary 

Exposure 

(mg/kg/day) % aPAD

Dietary 

Exposure

(mg/kg/day) % cPAD

Dietary 

Exposure

(mg/kg/day) Risk

Children 1-2 years old 0.009345 75 0.001215 27

Children 3-5 years old 0.004594 37 0.000819 18

Children 6-12 years old 0.003302 26 0.000480 11

Youth 13-19 years old 0.002026 16 0.000257 5.7

Adults 20-49 years old 0.002108 17 0.000236 5.2

Adults 50-99 years old 0.002095 17 0.000233 5.2

Females 13-49 years old 0.002060 16 0.000222 4.9

VIII.Characterization of Inputs/Outputs

Although refinements were made to the acute and chronic analyses, they are still not considered 

to be highly refined. The use of tolerance level residues in conjunction with percent crop treated 

estimates makes the conservative assumption that all treated samples contain residues at the 

tolerance level. Tolerance level residues should always exceed the expected residue levels found 

on crops at the time of consumption for crops treated at the registered application rate. When 

field trials are performed, the maximum allowable application rate is used and crops are 

harvested at the minimum PHI. Samples are stored frozen until analysis to ensure minimal 

degradation of residues. In actual practice, however, growers will not usually use the maximum 

application rates for economic reasons. In addition, most crops are not harvested and 

immediately stored frozen. Finally, residues were assumed to concentrate in several dried 

commodities. For all of the above reasons, HED is confident that these analyses do not 

underestimate risk to the general U.S. population or any population subgroup.

To further characterize the exposure of paraquat dichloride residues, HED conducted a CSA. 

The purpose of the CSA calculations is to inform risk managers on the range of exposures that an 

individual may obtain from eating a treated commodity. For paraquat dichloride, HED estimated 

the risk to a 15 kg toddler consuming a reasonable serving of various crop subgroup 1C 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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Page 15 of 43

commodities with residues at the tolerance. The maximum resulting risk estimate was 4% of the 

aPAD for potatoes.

IX. Conclusions

Based on partially refined assumptions, the acute and chronic dietary risk estimates to paraquat

are below HED’s level of concern for the general U.S. population and all population subgroups, 

including those comprised of infants and children. 

VIII. List of Attachments

Attachment 1: Residue Input File for Acute Analysis

Attachment 2: Results of Acute Dietary Exposure Analysis

Attachment 3: Residue Input File for Chronic Analysis

Attachment 4: Results of Chronic Dietary Exposure Analysis

Attachment 5: Screening-Level Usage Analysis (BEAD/ULUT, 4/7/2006)

Attachment 6: Residue Distribution Files (rdfs)
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Page 16 of 43

Attachment 1: Residue Input File for Acute Analysis

Filename: C:\Users\tmorton\Documents\My Files\DEEM Files\061601 Paraquat\3E8201 Crop Group 

1C\061601ACUTETOLERANCERDFSFOODANDWATER.R08

Chemical: Paraquat

RfD(Chronic): .0045 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Chronic): .45 mg/kg bw/day

RfD(Acute): .0125 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Acute): 1.25 mg/kg bw/day

Date created/last modified: 06-03-2014/10:12:42 Program ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RDL indices and parameters for Monte Carlo Analysis:

Index Dist Parameter #1 Param #2 Param #3 Comment

 # Code 

----- ---- ------------ -------- -------- -------

 1 6 ParaqAlmonds.RDF

 2 6 ParaqApple.RDF

 3 6 ParaqApricot.RDF

 4 6 ParaqArtichoke.RDF

 5 6 ParaqAsparagus.RDF

 6 6 ParaqAvocado.RDF

 7 6 ParaqGreenBeans.RDF

 8 6 ParaqMeatExceptKidney.RDF

 9 6 ParaqKidney.RDF

 10 6 ParaqBlueberry.RDF

 11 6 ParaqCaneberry.RDF

 12 6 ParaqBroccoli.RDF

 13 6 ParaqCabbage.RDF

 14 6 ParaqCantaloupe.RDF

 15 6 ParaqCarrot.RDF

 16 6 ParaqCherry.RDF

 17 6 ParaqSweetCorn.RDF

 18 6 ParaqCucumbers.RDF

 19 6 ParaqEgg.RDF

 20 6 ParaqGarlic.RDF

 21 6 ParaqGrape.RDF

 22 6 ParaqGrapefruit.RDF

 23 6 ParaqKiwi.RDF

 24 6 ParaqLemon.RDF

 25 6 ParaqLettuce.RDF

 26 6 ParaqMilk.RDF

 27 6 ParaqNectarine.RDF

 28 6 ParaqOlive.RDF

 29 6 ParaqOnion.RDF

 30 6 ParaqGreenOnion.RDF

 31 6 ParaqOrange.RDF

 32 6 ParaqPeach.RDF

 33 6 ParaqPear.RDF

 34 6 ParaqPecan.RDF

 35 6 ParaqPepper.RDF

 36 6 ParaqPistachio.RDF

 37 6 ParaqPlum.RDF

 38 6 ParaqPrune.RDF

 39 6 ParaqPotato.RDF

 40 6 ParaqPumpkin.RDF

 41 6 ParaqSquash.RDF

 42 6 ParaqStrawberry.RDF

 43 6 ParaqTangerine.RDF

 44 6 ParaqTomato.RDF

 45 6 ParaqWalnut.RDF

 46 6 ParaqWatermelon.RDF

 47 6 Paraq 1C Artichoke.RDF

 EPA Crop Commodity Name Def Res Adj.Factors RDLComment

 Code Grp (ppm) #1 #2 Pntr

---------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ --- -------

0101052000 1A Beet, sugar 0.500000 1.000 0.025 

0101052001 1A Beet, sugar-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.025 

0101053000 1A Beet, sugar, molasses 0.500000 1.000 0.025 

0101053001 1A Beet, sugar, molasses-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.025 

0101078000 1AB Carrot 0.050000 1.000 1.000 15 

0101078001 1AB Carrot-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 15 

0101079000 1AB Carrot, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 15 

0101388000 1AB Turnip, roots 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0103015000 1CD Arrowroot, flour 0.500000 1.000 1.000 
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0103015001 1CD Arrowroot, flour-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103017000 1CD Artichoke, Jerusalem 0.500000 1.000 1.000 47 

0103082000 1CD Cassava 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103082001 1CD Cassava-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103139000 1CD Dasheen, corm 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103166000 1CD Ginger 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103166001 1CD Ginger-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103167000 1CD Ginger, dried 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103296000 1C Potato, chips 0.500000 1.000 0.100 

0103297000 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes) 0.500000 6.500 0.100 

0103297001 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes)-b 0.500000 6.500 0.100 

0103298000 1C Potato, flour 0.500000 6.500 0.100 

0103298001 1C Potato, flour-babyfood 0.500000 6.500 0.100 

0103299000 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel 0.500000 1.000 1.000 39 

0103299001 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 39 

0103300000 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel 0.500000 1.000 1.000 39 

0103300001 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 39 

0103366000 1CD Sweet potato 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103366001 1CD Sweet potato-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103371000 1CD Tanier, corm 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103387000 1CD Turmeric 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103406000 1CD Yam, true 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103407000 1CD Yam bean 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0301165000 3A Garlic, bulb 0.100000 1.000 1.000 20 

0301165001 3A Garlic, bulb-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 1.000 20 

0301237000 3A Onion, bulb 0.100000 1.000 1.000 29 

0301237001 3A Onion, bulb-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 1.000 29 

0301238000 3A Onion, bulb, dried 0.100000 9.000 0.100 

0301238001 3A Onion, bulb, dried-babyfood 0.100000 9.000 0.100 

0301338000 3A Shallot, bulb 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

0302103000 3B Chive, fresh leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0302198000 3B Leek 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0302239000 3B Onion, green 0.050000 1.000 1.000 30 

0302338500 3B Shallot, fresh leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0401150000 4A Endive 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0401204000 4A Lettuce, head 0.050000 1.000 1.000 25 

0401205000 4A Lettuce, leaf 0.050000 1.000 1.000 25 

0402322000 4B Rhubarb 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501061000 5A Broccoli 0.050000 1.000 1.000 12 

0501061001 5A Broccoli-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 12 

0501062000 5A Broccoli, Chinese 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501064000 5A Brussels sprouts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501069000 5A Cabbage 0.050000 1.000 1.000 13 

0501071000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, napa 0.050000 1.000 1.000 13 

0501072000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, mustard 0.050000 1.000 1.000 13 

0501083000 5A Cauliflower 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501196000 5A Kohlrabi 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502063000 5B Broccoli raab 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502070000 5B Cabbage, Chinese, bok choy 0.050000 1.000 1.000 13 

0502117000 5B Collards 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502194000 5B Kale 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502229000 5B Mustard greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502318000 5B Rape greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502389000 5B Turnip, greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0600347000 6 Soybean, seed 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0600349000 6 Soybean, soy milk 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0600349001 6 Soybean, soy milk-babyfood or in 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0600350000 6 Soybean, oil 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0600350001 6 Soybean, oil-babyfood 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0601043000 6A Bean, snap, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0601043001 6A Bean, snap, succulent-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0601257000 6A Pea, edible podded, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0601349500 6AB Soybean, vegetable 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602031000 6B Bean, broad, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0602033000 6B Bean, cowpea, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0602037000 6B Bean, lima, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0602255000 6B Pea, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0602255001 6B Pea, succulent-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0602259000 6B Pea, pigeon, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 7 

0603030000 6C Bean, black, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603032000 6C Bean, broad, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603034000 6C Bean, cowpea, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603035000 6C Bean, great northern, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603036000 6C Bean, kidney, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 
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0603038000 6C Bean, lima, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603039000 6C Bean, mung, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603040000 6C Bean, navy, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603041000 6C Bean, pink, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603042000 6C Bean, pinto, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603098000 6C Chickpea, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603098001 6C Chickpea, seed-babyfood 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603099000 6C Chickpea, flour 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603182000 6C Guar, seed 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0603182001 6C Guar, seed-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0603203000 6C Lentil, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603256000 6C Pea, dry 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

0603256001 6C Pea, dry-babyfood 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

0603258000 6C Pea, pigeon, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603348000 6C Soybean, flour 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0603348001 6C Soybean, flour-babyfood 0.700000 1.000 0.025 

0801374000 8A Tomatillo 0.050000 1.000 1.000 44 

0801375000 8A Tomato 0.050000 1.000 1.000 44 

0801375001 8A Tomato-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 44 

0801376000 8A Tomato, paste 0.050000 5.400 0.300 

0801376001 8A Tomato, paste-babyfood 0.050000 5.400 0.300 

0801377000 8A Tomato, puree 0.050000 3.300 0.300 

0801377001 8A Tomato, puree-babyfood 0.050000 3.300 0.300 

0801378000 8A Tomato, dried 0.050000 14.300 0.300 

0801378001 8A Tomato, dried-babyfood 0.050000 14.300 0.300 

0801379000 8A Tomato, juice 0.050000 1.500 1.000 44 

0801380000 8A Tomato, Tree 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0802148000 8BC Eggplant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0802234000 8BC Okra 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0802270000 8B Pepper, bell 0.050000 1.000 1.000 35 

0802270001 8B Pepper, bell-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 35 

0802271000 8B Pepper, bell, dried 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

0802271001 8B Pepper, bell, dried-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

0802272000 8BC Pepper, nonbell 0.050000 1.000 1.000 35 

0802272001 8BC Pepper, nonbell-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 35 

0802273000 8BC Pepper, nonbell, dried 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

0901075000 9A Cantaloupe 0.050000 1.000 1.000 14 

0901187000 9A Honeydew melon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0901399000 9A Watermelon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 46 

0901400000 9A Watermelon, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 46 

0902021000 9B Balsam pear 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902088000 9B Chayote, fruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902102000 9B Chinese waxgourd 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902135000 9B Cucumber 0.050000 1.000 1.000 18 

0902308000 9B Pumpkin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 40 

0902309000 9B Pumpkin, seed 0.050000 1.000 1.000 40 

0902356000 9B Squash, summer 0.050000 1.000 1.000 41 

0902356001 9B Squash, summer-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 41 

0902357000 9B Squash, winter 0.050000 1.000 1.000 41 

0902357001 9B Squash, winter-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 41 

1001106000 10A Citron 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1001107000 10A Citrus hybrids 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1001108000 10A Citrus, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1001240000 10A Orange 0.050000 1.000 1.000 31 

1001241000 10A Orange, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 31 

1001241001 10A Orange, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 31 

1001242000 10A Orange, peel 0.050000 1.000 1.000 31 

1001369000 10A Tangerine 0.050000 1.000 1.000 43 

1001370000 10A Tangerine, juice 0.050000 2.300 1.000 43 

1002197000 10B Kumquat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1002199000 10B Lemon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 24 

1002200000 10B Lemon, juice 0.050000 2.000 1.000 24 

1002200001 10B Lemon, juice-babyfood 0.050000 2.000 1.000 24 

1002201000 10B Lemon, peel 0.050000 1.000 1.000 24 

1002206000 10B Lime 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1002207000 10B Lime, juice 0.050000 2.000 1.000 

1002207001 10B Lime, juice-babyfood 0.050000 2.000 1.000 

1003180000 10C Grapefruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 22 

1003181000 10C Grapefruit, juice 0.050000 2.100 1.000 22 

1003307000 10C Pummelo 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100007000 11 Apple, fruit with peel 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100008000 11 Apple, peeled fruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100008001 11 Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100009000 11 Apple, dried 0.050000 8.000 0.300 
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1100009001 11 Apple, dried-babyfood 0.050000 8.000 0.300 

1100010000 11 Apple, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100010001 11 Apple, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100011000 11 Apple, sauce 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100011001 11 Apple, sauce-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 2 

1100129000 11 Crabapple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100173500 11 Goji berry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100210000 11 Loquat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100266000 11 Pear 0.050000 1.000 1.000 33 

1100266001 11 Pear-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 33 

1100267000 11 Pear, dried 0.050000 6.250 0.200 

1100268000 11 Pear, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 33 

1100268001 11 Pear, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 33 

1100310000 11 Quince 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1201090000 12A Cherry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 16 

1201090001 12A Cherry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 16 

1201091000 12A Cherry, juice 0.050000 1.500 1.000 16 

1201091001 12A Cherry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.500 1.000 16 

1202012000 12B Apricot 0.050000 1.000 1.000 3 

1202012001 12B Apricot-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 3 

1202013000 12B Apricot, dried 0.050000 6.000 0.300 

1202014000 12B Apricot, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 3 

1202014001 12B Apricot, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 3 

1202230000 12B Nectarine 0.050000 1.000 1.000 27 

1202260000 12B Peach 0.050000 1.000 1.000 32 

1202260001 12B Peach-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 32 

1202261000 12B Peach, dried 0.050000 7.000 0.450 

1202261001 12B Peach, dried-babyfood 0.050000 7.000 0.450 

1202262000 12B Peach, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 32 

1202262001 12B Peach, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 32 

1203285000 12C Plum 0.050000 1.000 1.000 37 

1203285001 12C Plum-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 37 

1203286000 12C Plum, prune, fresh 0.050000 1.000 1.000 38 

1203286001 12C Plum, prune, fresh-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 38 

1203287000 12C Plum, prune, dried 0.050000 5.000 1.000 38 

1203287001 12C Plum, prune, dried-babyfood 0.050000 5.000 1.000 38 

1203288000 12C Plum, prune, juice 0.050000 1.400 1.000 38 

1203288001 12C Plum, prune, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.400 1.000 38 

1301055000 13A Blackberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301056000 13A Blackberry, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301056001 13A Blackberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301058000 13A Boysenberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301208000 13A Loganberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301320000 13A Raspberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301320001 13A Raspberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301321000 13A Raspberry, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1301321001 13A Raspberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 11 

1302057000 13B Blueberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 10 

1302057001 13B Blueberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 10 

1302136000 13B Currant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302137000 13B Currant, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302149000 13B Elderberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302174000 13B Gooseberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302191000 13B Huckleberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1303227000 13C Mulberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1304175000 13D Grape 0.050000 1.000 1.000 21 

1304176000 13D Grape, juice 0.050000 1.200 1.000 21 

1304176001 13D Grape, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.200 1.000 21 

1304179000 13D Grape, wine and sherry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 21 

1304195000 13D Kiwifruit, fuzzy 0.050000 1.000 1.000 23 

1307130000 13G Cranberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307130001 13G Cranberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307131000 13G Cranberry, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307132000 13G Cranberry, juice 0.050000 1.100 1.000 

1307132001 13G Cranberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.100 1.000 

1307359000 13G Strawberry 0.250000 1.000 1.000 42 

1307359001 13G Strawberry-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 1.000 42 

1307360000 13G Strawberry, juice 0.250000 1.000 1.000 42 

1307360001 13G Strawberry, juice-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 1.000 42 

1400003000 14 Almond 0.050000 1.000 1.000 1 

1400003001 14 Almond-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 1 

1400004000 14 Almond, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.350 

1400004001 14 Almond, oil-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.350 

1400059000 14 Brazil nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 
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1400068000 14 Butternut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400081000 14 Cashew 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400092000 14 Chestnut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400155000 14 Hazelnut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400156000 14 Hazelnut, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400185000 14 Hickory nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400213000 14 Macadamia nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400269000 14 Pecan 0.050000 1.000 1.000 34 

1400278000 14 Pine nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400282000 14 Pistachio 0.050000 1.000 1.000 36 

1400391000 14 Walnut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 45 

1500025000 15 Barley, pearled barley 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1500025001 15 Barley, pearled barley-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1500026000 15 Barley, flour 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500026001 15 Barley, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500027000 15 Barley, bran 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1500120000 15 Corn, field, flour 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500120001 15 Corn, field, flour-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500121000 15 Corn, field, meal 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500121001 15 Corn, field, meal-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500122000 15 Corn, field, bran 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500123000 15 Corn, field, starch 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500123001 15 Corn, field, starch-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500124000 15 Corn, field, syrup 0.100000 1.500 0.025 

1500124001 15 Corn, field, syrup-babyfood 0.100000 1.500 0.025 

1500125000 15 Corn, field, oil 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500125001 15 Corn, field, oil-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500126000 15 Corn, pop 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500127000 15 Corn, sweet 0.050000 1.000 1.000 17 

1500127001 15 Corn, sweet-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 17 

1500323000 15 Rice, white 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500323001 15 Rice, white-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500324000 15 Rice, brown 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500324001 15 Rice, brown-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500325000 15 Rice, flour 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500325001 15 Rice, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500326000 15 Rice, bran 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500326001 15 Rice, bran-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500344000 15 Sorghum, grain 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500345000 15 Sorghum, syrup 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500381000 15 Triticale, flour 1.100000 1.000 1.000 

1500381001 15 Triticale, flour-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 1.000 

1500401000 15 Wheat, grain 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500401001 15 Wheat, grain-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500402000 15 Wheat, flour 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500402001 15 Wheat, flour-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500403000 15 Wheat, germ 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500404000 15 Wheat, bran 1.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500405000 15 Wild rice 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

2002330000 20B Safflower, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

2002330001 20B Safflower, oil-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

2002364000 20B Sunflower, seed 2.000000 1.000 0.025 

2002365000 20B Sunflower, oil 2.000000 1.000 0.025 

2002365001 20B Sunflower, oil-babyfood 2.000000 1.000 0.025 

2003128000 20C Cottonseed, oil 3.500000 1.000 0.400 

2003128001 20C Cottonseed, oil-babyfood 3.500000 1.000 0.400 

3100044000 31 Beef, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100044001 31 Beef, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100045000 31 Beef, meat, dried 0.050000 1.920 1.000 8 

3100046000 31 Beef, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100046001 31 Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100047000 31 Beef, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100047001 31 Beef, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100048000 31 Beef, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 9 

3100049000 31 Beef, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3100049001 31 Beef, liver-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3200169000 32 Goat, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3200170000 32 Goat, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3200171000 32 Goat, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3200172000 32 Goat, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 9 

3200173000 32 Goat, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3300189000 33 Horse, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400290000 34 Pork, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400290001 34 Pork, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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3400291000 34 Pork, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400292000 34 Pork, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400292001 34 Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400293000 34 Pork, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400293001 34 Pork, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3400294000 34 Pork, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 9 

3400295000 34 Pork, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500339000 35 Sheep, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500339001 35 Sheep, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500340000 35 Sheep, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500341000 35 Sheep, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500341001 35 Sheep, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3500342000 35 Sheep, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 9 

3500343000 35 Sheep, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 8 

3600222000 36 Milk, fat 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600222001 36 Milk, fat-baby food/infant formu 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600223000 36 Milk, nonfat solids 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600223001 36 Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600224000 36 Milk, water 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600224001 36 Milk, water-babyfood/infant form 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3600225001 36 Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/ 0.010000 1.000 1.000 26 

3800221000 38 Meat, game 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3900312000 39 Rabbit, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

7000145000 70 Egg, whole 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

7000145001 70 Egg, whole-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

7000146000 70 Egg, white 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

7000146001 70 Egg, white (solids)-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

7000147000 70 Egg, yolk 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

7000147001 70 Egg, yolk-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 19 

8601000000 86A Water, direct, all sources 0.000150 1.000 1.000 

8602000000 86B Water, indirect, all sources 0.000150 1.000 1.000 

9500001000 O Acerola 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500016000 O Artichoke, globe 0.050000 1.000 1.000 4 

9500019000 O Asparagus 0.500000 1.000 1.000 5 

9500019500 O Atemoya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500020000 O Avocado 0.050000 1.000 1.000 6 

9500023000 O Banana 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500023001 O Banana-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500024000 O Banana, dried 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500024001 O Banana, dried-babyfood 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500054000 O Belgium endive 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500074000 O Canistel 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500089000 O Cherimoya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500109000 O Cocoa bean, chocolate 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500110000 O Cocoa bean, powder 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500115000 O Coffee, roasted bean 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500116000 O Coffee, instant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500151000 O Feijoa 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500153000 O Fig 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500154000 O Fig, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500177000 O Grape, leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 21 

9500178000 O Grape, raisin 0.050000 4.300 1.000 21 

9500183000 O Guava 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500183001 O Guava-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500188000 O Hop 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500209000 O Longan 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500211000 O Lychee 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500212000 O Lychee, dried 0.050000 1.850 1.000 0E7748

9500214000 O Mamey apple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500215000 O Mango 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500215001 O Mango-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500216000 O Mango, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500217000 O Mango, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500217001 O Mango, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500235000 O Olive 0.050000 1.000 1.000 28 

9500236000 O Olive, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

9500245000 O Papaya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500245001 O Papaya-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500246000 O Papaya, dried 0.050000 1.800 1.000 

9500247000 O Papaya, juice 0.050000 1.500 1.000 

9500252000 O Passionfruit 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500252001 O Passionfruit-babyfood 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500253000 O Passionfruit, juice 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500253001 O Passionfruit, juice-babyfood 0.200000 1.000 1.000 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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9500254000 O Pawpaw 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500263000 O Peanut 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

9500264000 O Peanut, butter 0.050000 1.890 0.450 

9500265000 O Peanut, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

9500275000 O Peppermint 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500276000 O Peppermint, oil 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500277000 O Persimmon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500279000 O Pineapple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500279001 O Pineapple-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500280000 O Pineapple, dried 0.050000 5.000 1.000 

9500281000 O Pineapple, juice 0.050000 1.700 1.000 

9500281001 O Pineapple, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.700 1.000 

9500283000 O Plantain 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500284000 O Plantain, dried 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500289000 O Pomegranate 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500333000 O Sapote, Mamey 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500346000 O Soursop 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500351000 O Spanish lime 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500352000 O Spearmint 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500353000 O Spearmint, oil 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500358000 O Starfruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500361000 O Sugar apple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 0E7748

9500362000 O Sugarcane, sugar 0.500000 1.000 0.100 

9500362001 O Sugarcane, sugar-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.100 

9500363000 O Sugarcane, molasses 3.000000 1.000 0.100 

9500363001 O Sugarcane, molasses-babyfood 3.000000 1.000 0.100 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 23 of 43

Page 23 of 43

Attachment 2: Results of Acute Dietary Exposure Analysis

US EPA Ver. 3.18, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID ACUTE Analysis for PARAQUAT NHANES 2003-2008 2-Day

Residue file: 061601ACUTETOLERANCERDFSFOODANDWATER.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date: 06-03-2014/12:11:38 Residue file dated: 06-03-2014/11:55:56

NOEL (Acute) = 1.250000 mg/kg body-wt/day

RAC/FF intake summed over 24 hours

MC iterations = 1000; MC list in residue file; MC seed = 10281; RNG = MS VB

Run Comment: ""

===============================================================================

Summary calculations--per capita:

--- 95th Percentile---- --- 99th Percentile---- ---99.9th Percentile----

Exposure % aRfD MOE Exposure % aRfD MOE Exposure % aRfD MOE 

---------- ------- -------- ---------- ------- -------- ---------- ------- --------

Total US Population:

 0.000910 7.28 1373 0.001736 13.89 720 0.003932 31.45 317 

All Infants:

 0.003392 27.14 368 0.005661 45.29 220 0.008424 67.39 148 

Children 1-2:

 0.002358 18.86 530 0.004207 33.66 297 0.009345 74.76 133 

Children 3-5:

 0.001715 13.72 728 0.002692 21.54 464 0.004594 36.75 272 

Children 6-12:

 0.001107 8.85 1129 0.001772 14.17 705 0.003302 26.41 378 

Youth 13-19:

 0.000658 5.26 1900 0.001106 8.84 1130 0.002026 16.21 617 

Adults 20-49:

 0.000575 4.60 2173 0.001002 8.02 1247 0.002108 16.86 593 

Adults 50-99:

 0.000564 4.51 2217 0.001110 8.88 1126 0.002095 16.76 596 

Female 13-49:

 0.000555 4.44 2250 0.000981 7.84 1274 0.002060 16.48 606 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 24 of 43

Page 24 of 43

Food Only

US EPA Ver. 3.18, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID ACUTE Analysis for PARAQUAT NHANES 2003-2008 2-Day

Residue file: 061601ACUTETOLERANCERDFSFOODonly.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date: 09-25-2014/09:15:33 Residue file dated: 09-25-2014/08:57:37

NOEL (Acute) = 1.250000 mg/kg body-wt/day

RAC/FF intake summed over 24 hours

MC iterations = 1000; MC list in residue file; MC seed = 10821; RNG = MS VB

Run Comment: ""

===============================================================================

Summary calculations--per capita:

--- 95th Percentile---- --- 99th Percentile---- ---99.9th Percentile----

Exposure % aRfD MOE Exposure % aRfD MOE Exposure % aRfD MOE 

---------- ------- -------- ---------- ------- -------- ---------- ------- --------

Total US Population:

 0.000907 7.26 1377 0.001733 13.87 721 0.003925 31.40 318 

All Infants:

 0.003378 27.03 370 0.005643 45.15 221 0.008390 67.12 148 

Children 1-2:

 0.002349 18.79 532 0.004189 33.51 298 0.009346 74.77 133 

Children 3-5:

 0.001714 13.71 729 0.002690 21.52 464 0.004574 36.59 273 

Children 6-12:

 0.001104 8.83 1132 0.001773 14.18 705 0.003299 26.39 378 

Youth 13-19:

 0.000654 5.23 1910 0.001101 8.81 1135 0.002046 16.37 610 

Adults 20-49:

 0.000572 4.57 2186 0.001000 8.00 1250 0.002110 16.88 592 

Adults 50-99:

 0.000560 4.48 2233 0.001105 8.84 1130 0.002091 16.73 597 

Female 13-49:

 0.000552 4.42 2264 0.000978 7.83 1277 0.002053 16.43 608 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 25 of 43

Page 25 of 43

Attachment 3: Residue Input File for Chronic Dietary Analysis (Food Plus Water)

Filename: C:\Users\tmorton\Documents\My Files\DEEM Files\061601 Paraquat\3E8201 Crop Group 

1C\061601CHRONICFOODANDWATERTOLERANCE.txt

Chemical: Paraquat

RfD(Chronic): .0045 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Chronic): .45 mg/kg bw/day

RfD(Acute): .0125 mg/kg bw/day NOEL(Acute): 1.25 mg/kg bw/day

Date created/last modified: 05-27-2014/11:55:01 Program ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 EPA Crop Def Res Adj.Factors Comment

 Code Grp Commodity Name (ppm) #1 #2 

---------- ---- ------------------------------- ---------- ------ ------ -------

0101052000 1A Beet, sugar 0.500000 1.000 0.010 

0101052001 1A Beet, sugar-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.010 

0101053000 1A Beet, sugar, molasses 0.500000 1.000 0.010 

0101053001 1A Beet, sugar, molasses-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.010 

0101078000 1AB Carrot 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0101078001 1AB Carrot-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0101079000 1AB Carrot, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0101388000 1AB Turnip, roots 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0103015000 1CD Arrowroot, flour 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103015001 1CD Arrowroot, flour-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103017000 1CD Artichoke, Jerusalem 0.500000 1.000 0.300 

0103082000 1CD Cassava 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0103082001 1CD Cassava-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0103139000 1CD Dasheen, corm 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103166000 1CD Ginger 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103166001 1CD Ginger-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103167000 1CD Ginger, dried 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103296000 1C Potato, chips 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0103297000 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes) 0.500000 6.500 0.050 

0103297001 1C Potato, dry (granules/ flakes)-b 0.500000 6.500 0.050 

0103298000 1C Potato, flour 0.500000 6.500 0.050 

0103298001 1C Potato, flour-babyfood 0.500000 6.500 0.050 

0103299000 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0103299001 1C Potato, tuber, w/peel-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0103300000 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0103300001 1C Potato, tuber, w/o peel-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

0103366000 1CD Sweet potato 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103366001 1CD Sweet potato-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103371000 1CD Tanier, corm 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103387000 1CD Turmeric 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103406000 1CD Yam, true 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0103407000 1CD Yam bean 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0301165000 3A Garlic, bulb 0.100000 1.000 0.010 

0301165001 3A Garlic, bulb-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.010 

0301237000 3A Onion, bulb 0.100000 1.000 0.050 

0301237001 3A Onion, bulb-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.050 

0301238000 3A Onion, bulb, dried 0.100000 9.000 0.050 

0301238001 3A Onion, bulb, dried-babyfood 0.100000 9.000 0.050 

0301338000 3A Shallot, bulb 0.100000 1.000 1.000 

0302103000 3B Chive, fresh leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0302198000 3B Leek 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0302239000 3B Onion, green 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0302338500 3B Shallot, fresh leaves 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0401150000 4A Endive 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0401204000 4A Lettuce, head 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0401205000 4A Lettuce, leaf 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0402322000 4B Rhubarb 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501061000 5A Broccoli 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0501061001 5A Broccoli-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0501062000 5A Broccoli, Chinese 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501064000 5A Brussels sprouts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501069000 5A Cabbage 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

0501071000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, napa 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501072000 5A Cabbage, Chinese, mustard 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0501083000 5A Cauliflower 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0501196000 5A Kohlrabi 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502063000 5B Broccoli raab 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502070000 5B Cabbage, Chinese, bok choy 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502117000 5B Collards 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502194000 5B Kale 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502229000 5B Mustard greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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0502318000 5B Rape greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0502389000 5B Turnip, greens 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0600347000 6 Soybean, seed 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0600349000 6 Soybean, soy milk 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0600349001 6 Soybean, soy milk-babyfood or in 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0600350000 6 Soybean, oil 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0600350001 6 Soybean, oil-babyfood 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0601043000 6A Bean, snap, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0601043001 6A Bean, snap, succulent-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0601257000 6A Pea, edible podded, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0601349500 6AB Soybean, vegetable 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

0602031000 6B Bean, broad, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602033000 6B Bean, cowpea, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602037000 6B Bean, lima, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602255000 6B Pea, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602255001 6B Pea, succulent-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0602259000 6B Pea, pigeon, succulent 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0603030000 6C Bean, black, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603032000 6C Bean, broad, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603034000 6C Bean, cowpea, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603035000 6C Bean, great northern, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603036000 6C Bean, kidney, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603038000 6C Bean, lima, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603039000 6C Bean, mung, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603040000 6C Bean, navy, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603041000 6C Bean, pink, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603042000 6C Bean, pinto, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603098000 6C Chickpea, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603098001 6C Chickpea, seed-babyfood 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603099000 6C Chickpea, flour 0.300000 1.000 0.025 

0603182000 6C Guar, seed 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0603182001 6C Guar, seed-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

0603203000 6C Lentil, seed 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

0603256000 6C Pea, dry 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

0603256001 6C Pea, dry-babyfood 0.300000 1.000 1.000 

0603258000 6C Pea, pigeon, seed 0.300000 1.000 0.050 

0603348000 6C Soybean, flour 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0603348001 6C Soybean, flour-babyfood 0.700000 1.000 0.010 

0801374000 8A Tomatillo 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0801375000 8A Tomato 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0801375001 8A Tomato-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0801376000 8A Tomato, paste 0.050000 5.400 0.100 

0801376001 8A Tomato, paste-babyfood 0.050000 5.400 0.100 

0801377000 8A Tomato, puree 0.050000 3.300 0.100 

0801377001 8A Tomato, puree-babyfood 0.050000 3.300 0.100 

0801378000 8A Tomato, dried 0.050000 14.300 0.100 

0801378001 8A Tomato, dried-babyfood 0.050000 14.300 0.100 

0801379000 8A Tomato, juice 0.050000 1.500 0.100 

0801380000 8A Tomato, Tree 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802148000 8BC Eggplant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0802234000 8BC Okra 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0802270000 8B Pepper, bell 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802270001 8B Pepper, bell-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802271000 8B Pepper, bell, dried 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802271001 8B Pepper, bell, dried-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802272000 8BC Pepper, nonbell 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802272001 8BC Pepper, nonbell-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0802273000 8BC Pepper, nonbell, dried 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

0901075000 9A Cantaloupe 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0901187000 9A Honeydew melon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0901399000 9A Watermelon 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0901400000 9A Watermelon, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902021000 9B Balsam pear 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902088000 9B Chayote, fruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902102000 9B Chinese waxgourd 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

0902135000 9B Cucumber 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902308000 9B Pumpkin 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902309000 9B Pumpkin, seed 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902356000 9B Squash, summer 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902356001 9B Squash, summer-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902357000 9B Squash, winter 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

0902357001 9B Squash, winter-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001106000 10A Citron 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1001107000 10A Citrus hybrids 0.050000 1.000 1.000 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 27 of 43

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1001108000 10A Citrus, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1001240000 10A Orange 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001241000 10A Orange, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001241001 10A Orange, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001242000 10A Orange, peel 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001369000 10A Tangerine 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1001370000 10A Tangerine, juice 0.050000 2.300 0.050 

1002197000 10B Kumquat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1002199000 10B Lemon 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1002200000 10B Lemon, juice 0.050000 2.000 0.025 

1002200001 10B Lemon, juice-babyfood 0.050000 2.000 0.025 

1002201000 10B Lemon, peel 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1002206000 10B Lime 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1002207000 10B Lime, juice 0.050000 2.000 1.000 

1002207001 10B Lime, juice-babyfood 0.050000 2.000 1.000 

1003180000 10C Grapefruit 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1003181000 10C Grapefruit, juice 0.050000 2.100 0.050 

1003307000 10C Pummelo 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100007000 11 Apple, fruit with peel 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100008000 11 Apple, peeled fruit 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100008001 11 Apple, peeled fruit-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100009000 11 Apple, dried 0.050000 8.000 0.200 

1100009001 11 Apple, dried-babyfood 0.050000 8.000 0.200 

1100010000 11 Apple, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100010001 11 Apple, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100011000 11 Apple, sauce 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100011001 11 Apple, sauce-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1100129000 11 Crabapple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100173500 11 Goji berry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100210000 11 Loquat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1100266000 11 Pear 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1100266001 11 Pear-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1100267000 11 Pear, dried 0.050000 6.250 0.100 

1100268000 11 Pear, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1100268001 11 Pear, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1100310000 11 Quince 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1201090000 12A Cherry 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1201090001 12A Cherry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.200 

1201091000 12A Cherry, juice 0.050000 1.500 0.200 

1201091001 12A Cherry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.500 0.200 

1202012000 12B Apricot 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1202012001 12B Apricot-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1202013000 12B Apricot, dried 0.050000 6.000 0.100 

1202014000 12B Apricot, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1202014001 12B Apricot, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1202230000 12B Nectarine 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1202260000 12B Peach 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

1202260001 12B Peach-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

1202261000 12B Peach, dried 0.050000 7.000 0.300 

1202261001 12B Peach, dried-babyfood 0.050000 7.000 0.300 

1202262000 12B Peach, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

1202262001 12B Peach, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

1203285000 12C Plum 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1203285001 12C Plum-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1203286000 12C Plum, prune, fresh 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1203286001 12C Plum, prune, fresh-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.100 

1203287000 12C Plum, prune, dried 0.050000 5.000 0.100 

1203287001 12C Plum, prune, dried-babyfood 0.050000 5.000 0.100 

1203288000 12C Plum, prune, juice 0.050000 1.400 0.100 

1203288001 12C Plum, prune, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.400 0.100 

1301055000 13A Blackberry 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301056000 13A Blackberry, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301056001 13A Blackberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301058000 13A Boysenberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1301208000 13A Loganberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1301320000 13A Raspberry 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301320001 13A Raspberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301321000 13A Raspberry, juice 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1301321001 13A Raspberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.450 

1302057000 13B Blueberry 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

1302057001 13B Blueberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

1302136000 13B Currant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302137000 13B Currant, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302149000 13B Elderberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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1302174000 13B Gooseberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1302191000 13B Huckleberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1303227000 13C Mulberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1304175000 13D Grape 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

1304176000 13D Grape, juice 0.050000 1.200 0.150 

1304176001 13D Grape, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.200 0.150 

1304179000 13D Grape, wine and sherry 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

1304195000 13D Kiwifruit, fuzzy 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

1307130000 13G Cranberry 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307130001 13G Cranberry-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307131000 13G Cranberry, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1307132000 13G Cranberry, juice 0.050000 1.100 1.000 

1307132001 13G Cranberry, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.100 1.000 

1307359000 13G Strawberry 0.250000 1.000 0.050 

1307359001 13G Strawberry-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 0.050 

1307360000 13G Strawberry, juice 0.250000 1.000 0.050 

1307360001 13G Strawberry, juice-babyfood 0.250000 1.000 0.050 

1400003000 14 Almond 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

1400003001 14 Almond-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

1400004000 14 Almond, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

1400004001 14 Almond, oil-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

1400059000 14 Brazil nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400068000 14 Butternut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400081000 14 Cashew 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400092000 14 Chestnut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400155000 14 Hazelnut 0.050000 1.000 0.550 

1400156000 14 Hazelnut, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.550 

1400185000 14 Hickory nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400213000 14 Macadamia nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400269000 14 Pecan 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

1400278000 14 Pine nut 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

1400282000 14 Pistachio 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

1400391000 14 Walnut 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

1500025000 15 Barley, pearled barley 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500025001 15 Barley, pearled barley-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500026000 15 Barley, flour 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500026001 15 Barley, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500027000 15 Barley, bran 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500120000 15 Corn, field, flour 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500120001 15 Corn, field, flour-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500121000 15 Corn, field, meal 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500121001 15 Corn, field, meal-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500122000 15 Corn, field, bran 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500123000 15 Corn, field, starch 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500123001 15 Corn, field, starch-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500124000 15 Corn, field, syrup 0.100000 1.500 0.025 

1500124001 15 Corn, field, syrup-babyfood 0.100000 1.500 0.025 

1500125000 15 Corn, field, oil 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500125001 15 Corn, field, oil-babyfood 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500126000 15 Corn, pop 0.100000 1.000 0.025 

1500127000 15 Corn, sweet 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500127001 15 Corn, sweet-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

1500323000 15 Rice, white 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500323001 15 Rice, white-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500324000 15 Rice, brown 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500324001 15 Rice, brown-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500325000 15 Rice, flour 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500325001 15 Rice, flour-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500326000 15 Rice, bran 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500326001 15 Rice, bran-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500344000 15 Sorghum, grain 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500345000 15 Sorghum, syrup 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

1500381000 15 Triticale, flour 1.100000 1.000 1.000 

1500381001 15 Triticale, flour-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 1.000 

1500401000 15 Wheat, grain 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500401001 15 Wheat, grain-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500402000 15 Wheat, flour 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500402001 15 Wheat, flour-babyfood 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500403000 15 Wheat, germ 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500404000 15 Wheat, bran 1.100000 1.000 0.010 

1500405000 15 Wild rice 0.050000 1.000 0.010 

2002330000 20B Safflower, oil 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

2002330001 20B Safflower, oil-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

2002364000 20B Sunflower, seed 2.000000 1.000 0.010 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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2002365000 20B Sunflower, oil 2.000000 1.000 0.010 

2002365001 20B Sunflower, oil-babyfood 2.000000 1.000 0.010 

2003128000 20C Cottonseed, oil 3.500000 1.000 0.200 

2003128001 20C Cottonseed, oil-babyfood 3.500000 1.000 0.200 

3100044000 31 Beef, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100044001 31 Beef, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100045000 31 Beef, meat, dried 0.050000 1.920 1.000 

3100046000 31 Beef, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100046001 31 Beef, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100047000 31 Beef, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100047001 31 Beef, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100048000 31 Beef, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

3100049000 31 Beef, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3100049001 31 Beef, liver-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3200169000 32 Goat, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3200170000 32 Goat, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3200171000 32 Goat, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3200172000 32 Goat, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

3200173000 32 Goat, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3300189000 33 Horse, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400290000 34 Pork, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400290001 34 Pork, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400291000 34 Pork, skin 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400292000 34 Pork, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400292001 34 Pork, meat byproducts-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400293000 34 Pork, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400293001 34 Pork, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3400294000 34 Pork, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

3400295000 34 Pork, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500339000 35 Sheep, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500339001 35 Sheep, meat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500340000 35 Sheep, meat byproducts 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500341000 35 Sheep, fat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500341001 35 Sheep, fat-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3500342000 35 Sheep, kidney 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

3500343000 35 Sheep, liver 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3600222000 36 Milk, fat 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600222001 36 Milk, fat-baby food/infant formu 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600223000 36 Milk, nonfat solids 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600223001 36 Milk, nonfat solids-baby food/in 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600224000 36 Milk, water 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600224001 36 Milk, water-babyfood/infant form 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3600225001 36 Milk, sugar (lactose)-baby food/ 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

3800221000 38 Meat, game 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

3900312000 39 Rabbit, meat 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

7000145000 70 Egg, whole 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

7000145001 70 Egg, whole-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

7000146000 70 Egg, white 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

7000146001 70 Egg, white (solids)-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

7000147000 70 Egg, yolk 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

7000147001 70 Egg, yolk-babyfood 0.010000 1.000 1.000 

8601000000 86A Water, direct, all sources 0.000150 1.000 1.000 

8602000000 86B Water, indirect, all sources 0.000150 1.000 1.000 

9500001000 O Acerola 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500016000 O Artichoke, globe 0.050000 1.000 0.300 

9500019000 O Asparagus 0.500000 1.000 0.100 

9500019500 O Atemoya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500020000 O Avocado 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

9500023000 O Banana 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500023001 O Banana-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500024000 O Banana, dried 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500024001 O Banana, dried-babyfood 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500054000 O Belgium endive 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500074000 O Canistel 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500089000 O Cherimoya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500109000 O Cocoa bean, chocolate 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500110000 O Cocoa bean, powder 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500115000 O Coffee, roasted bean 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500116000 O Coffee, instant 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500151000 O Feijoa 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500153000 O Fig 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

9500154000 O Fig, dried 0.050000 1.000 0.050 

9500177000 O Grape, leaves 0.050000 1.000 0.150 

9500178000 O Grape, raisin 0.050000 4.300 0.150 
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9500183000 O Guava 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500183001 O Guava-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500188000 O Hop 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500209000 O Longan 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500211000 O Lychee 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500212000 O Lychee, dried 0.050000 1.850 1.000 

9500214000 O Mamey apple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500215000 O Mango 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500215001 O Mango-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500216000 O Mango, dried 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500217000 O Mango, juice 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500217001 O Mango, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500235000 O Olive 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

9500236000 O Olive, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.025 

9500245000 O Papaya 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500245001 O Papaya-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500246000 O Papaya, dried 0.050000 1.800 1.000 

9500247000 O Papaya, juice 0.050000 1.500 1.000 

9500252000 O Passionfruit 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500252001 O Passionfruit-babyfood 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500253000 O Passionfruit, juice 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500253001 O Passionfruit, juice-babyfood 0.200000 1.000 1.000 

9500254000 O Pawpaw 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500263000 O Peanut 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

9500264000 O Peanut, butter 0.050000 1.890 0.250 

9500265000 O Peanut, oil 0.050000 1.000 0.250 

9500275000 O Peppermint 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500276000 O Peppermint, oil 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500277000 O Persimmon 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500279000 O Pineapple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500279001 O Pineapple-babyfood 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500280000 O Pineapple, dried 0.050000 5.000 1.000 

9500281000 O Pineapple, juice 0.050000 1.700 1.000 

9500281001 O Pineapple, juice-babyfood 0.050000 1.700 1.000 

9500283000 O Plantain 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500284000 O Plantain, dried 0.050000 3.900 1.000 

9500289000 O Pomegranate 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500333000 O Sapote, Mamey 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500346000 O Soursop 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500351000 O Spanish lime 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500352000 O Spearmint 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500353000 O Spearmint, oil 0.500000 1.000 1.000 

9500358000 O Starfruit 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500361000 O Sugar apple 0.050000 1.000 1.000 

9500362000 O Sugarcane, sugar 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

9500362001 O Sugarcane, sugar-babyfood 0.500000 1.000 0.050 

9500363000 O Sugarcane, molasses 3.000000 1.000 0.050 

9500363001 O Sugarcane, molasses-babyfood 3.000000 1.000 0.050 
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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Attachment 4: Results of Chronic Dietary Exposure Analysis (Food Plus Water)

US EPA Ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for PARAQUAT NHANES 2003-2008 2-day

Residue file name: C:\Users\tmorton\Documents\My Files\DEEM Files\061601 Paraquat\3E8201 Crop Group 

1C\061601CHRONICFOODANDWATERTOLERANCE.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date 06-03-2014/10:28:19 Residue file dated: 06-03-2014/10:21:52

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .0045 mg/kg bw/day

===============================================================================

 Total exposure by population subgroup

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Exposure

 -----------------------------------

 Population mg/kg Percent of 

 Subgroup body wt/day Rfd 

-------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------

Total US Population 0.000321 7.1%

Hispanic 0.000370 8.2%

Non-Hisp-White 0.000310 6.9%

Non-Hisp-Black 0.000311 6.9%

Non-Hisp-Other 0.000365 8.1%

Nursing Infants 0.000535 11.9%

Non-Nursing Infants 0.000966 21.5%

Female 13+ PREG 0.000271 6.0%

Children 1-6 0.000933 20.7%

Children 7-12 0.000448 10.0%

Male 13-19 0.000283 6.3%

Female 13-19/NP 0.000232 5.2%

Male 20+ 0.000248 5.5%

Female 20+/NP 0.000222 4.9%

Seniors 55+ 0.000232 5.2%

All Infants 0.000833 18.5%

Female 13-50 0.000222 4.9%

Children 1-2 0.001215 27.0%

Children 3-5 0.000819 18.2%

Children 6-12 0.000480 10.7%

Youth 13-19 0.000257 5.7%

Adults 20-49 0.000236 5.2%

Adults 50-99 0.000233 5.2%

Female 13-49 0.000222 4.9%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 32 of 43

Page 32 of 43

Food Only

US EPA Ver. 3.16, 03-08-d

DEEM-FCID Chronic analysis for PARAQUAT NHANES 2003-2008 2-day

Residue file name: C:\Users\tmorton\Documents\My Files\DEEM Files\061601 Paraquat\3E8201 Crop 

Group 1C\061601CHRONICFOODonly.R08

 Adjustment factor #2 used.

Analysis Date 09-25-2014/08:59:09 Residue file dated: 09-25-2014/08:58:13

Reference dose (RfD, Chronic) = .0045 mg/kg bw/day

===============================================================================

 Total exposure by population subgroup

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Total Exposure

 -----------------------------------

 Population mg/kg Percent of 

 Subgroup body wt/day Rfd 

-------------------------------------- ------------- ----------------

Total US Population 0.000318 7.1%

Hispanic 0.000367 8.2%

Non-Hisp-White 0.000306 6.8%

Non-Hisp-Black 0.000308 6.9%

Non-Hisp-Other 0.000361 8.0%

Nursing Infants 0.000533 11.8%

Non-Nursing Infants 0.000956 21.2%

Female 13+ PREG 0.000268 6.0%

Children 1-6 0.000929 20.6%

Children 7-12 0.000446 9.9%

Male 13-19 0.000281 6.2%

Female 13-19/NP 0.000230 5.1%

Male 20+ 0.000245 5.4%

Female 20+/NP 0.000218 4.8%

Seniors 55+ 0.000229 5.1%

All Infants 0.000825 18.3%

Female 13-50 0.000219 4.9%

Children 1-2 0.001210 26.9%

Children 3-5 0.000815 18.1%

Children 6-12 0.000477 10.6%

Youth 13-19 0.000255 5.7%

Adults 20-49 0.000233 5.2%

Adults 50-99 0.000230 5.1%

Female 13-49 0.000219 4.9%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

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Attachment 5

Paraquat (061601)

Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA)

Date: July 18, 2013 

What is a Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA)?

 Available estimates of pesticide usage data for a particular active ingredient that is used 

on agricultural crops in the United States.

 Pesticide usage data obtained from various sources. The data are then merged, 

averaged, and rounded so that the presented information is not proprietary, business 

confidential, or trade secret. 

What does it contain?

 Pesticide usage data for a single active ingredient only.

 Agricultural use sites (crops) that the pesticide is reported to be used on.

 Available pesticide usage information from U.S. states that produce 80% or more of a 

crop, in most cases, or less than 80%, in rare cases, depending on the scope of the survey

and available resources.

 Annual percent of crop treated (average & maximum) for each agricultural crop.

 Average annual pounds of the pesticide applied for each agricultural crop (i.e., for the 

states surveyed, not for the entire United States).

What assumptions can I make about the reported data?

 Average pounds of active ingredient applied - Values are calculated by merging 

pesticide usage data sources together; averaging across all observations, then rounding. 

Note: If the estimated value is less than 500, then that value is labeled <500. Estimated

values between 500 & <1,000,000 are rounded to 1 significant digit. Estimated values 

of 1,000,000 or greater are rounded to 2 significant digits.)

 Average percent of crop treated - Values are calculated by merging data sources 

together; averaging by year, averaging across all years, & rounding to the nearest 

multiple of 5. Note: If the estimated value is less than 2.5, then the value is labeled 

<2.5. If the estimated value is less than 1, then the value is labeled <1.

 Maximum percent of crop treated - Value is the single maximum value reported 

across all data sources, across all years, & rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5. Note:

If the estimated value is less than 2.5, then the value is labeled <2.5.

What are the data sources used?

 USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural 

Statistics Service) – pesticide usage data from 2004 to 2011.

 Private pesticide market research – pesticide usage data from 2004 to 2011.

 California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) Pesticide Use Reporting

(PUR) data for 2004 to 2010.

What are the limitations to the data?

 Additional registered uses may exist but are not included because the available surveys 

do not report usage (e.g., small acreage crops).
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 Lack of reported usage data for the pesticide on a crop does not imply zero usage.

 Usage data on a particular site may be noted in data sources, but not quantified. In 

these instances, the site would not be reported in the SLUA.

 Non-agricultural use sites (e.g., turf, post-harvest, mosquito control, etc.) are not 

reported in the SLUA. A separate request must be made to receive these estimates.

 Some sites show some use, even though they are not on the label. This usage could be 

due to various factors, including, but not limited to Section 18 requests, existing stocks 

of the chemical, data collection errors, and experimental use permits (EUPs). 
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Date: July 18, 2013 

Screening Level Estimates of Agricultural Uses of Paraquat (061601)

Sorted Alphabetically

Reporting Years: 2004-2011

Percent Crop Treated

Crop Average Lbs. A.I. Average Maximum

1 Alfalfa 100,000 <2.5 5

2 Almonds 200,000 25 35

3 Apples 80,000 20 30

4 Apricots 2,000 10 30

5 Artichokes 2,000 30 70

6 Asparagus 3,000 10 20

7 Avocados 1,000 5 5

8 Barley 3,000 <1 <2.5

9 Beans, Green 1,000 <1 <2.5

10 Blueberries 6,000 15 20

11 Broccoli 1,000 <1 <2.5

12 Cabbage 1,000 <2.5 10

13 Caneberries 7,000 45 70

14 Cantaloupes 2,000 5 10

15 Carrots <500 <1 <2.5

16 Cauliflower <500 <1 <2.5

17 Celery <500 <1 <2.5

18 Cherries 30,000 20 30

19 Corn 700,000 <2.5 <2.5

20 Cotton 800,000 20 40

21 Cucumbers 3,000 5 10

22 Dry Beans/Peas 30,000 <2.5 5

23 Fallow 40,000 <1 <2.5

24 Figs <500 5 5

25 Garlic <500 <1 <2.5

26 Grapefruit 3,000 5 15

27 Grapes 200,000 15 30

28 Hazelnuts/Filberts 30,000 55 70

29 Kiwifruit 2,000 30 30

30 Lemons 1,000 <2.5 5

31 Lettuce 1,000 <1 <2.5
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32 Nectarines 2,000 10 20

33 Olives <500 <2.5 <2.5

34 Onions 3,000 5 10

35 Oranges 50,000 5 15

36 Pasture 30,000 <1 <2.5

37 Peaches 40,000 30 45

38 Peanuts 70,000 25 45

39 Pears 7,000 10 20

40 Peas, Green <500 <1 <2.5

41 Pecans 30,000 5 10

42 Peppers 5,000 10 15

43 Pistachios 50,000 25 35

44 Plums/Prunes 10,000 10 20

45 Pluots* <500 NC NC

46 Pomegranates* 1,000 NC NC

47 Potatoes 20,000 5 10

48 Pumpkins 2,000 5 10

49 Rice 4,000 <1 <2.5

50 Sorghum 20,000 <1 <2.5

51 Soybeans 400,000 <1 <2.5

52 Spinach 1,000 <2.5 5

53 Squash 2,000 5 20

54 Strawberries 2,000 5 20

55 Sugar Beets 2,000 <1 <2.5

56 Sugarcane 20,000 5 10

57 Sunflowers 5,000 <1 <2.5

58 Sweet Corn 2,000 <1 <2.5

59 Tangelos <500 10 10

60 Tangerines 1,000 5 5

61 Tobacco 1,000 <1 <2.5

62 Tomatoes 30,000 10 30

63 Walnuts 50,000 15 20

64 Watermelons 4,000 5 15

65 Wheat 80,000 <1 <2.5

All numbers are rounded.

<500: indicates less than 500 pounds of active ingredient.

 <2.5: indicates less than 2.5 percent of crop is treated.

 <1: indicates less than 1 percent of crop is treated.

* Based on CA DPR data only (80% or more of U.S. acres grown are in California)
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Page 37 of 43

SLUA data sources include: 

USDA-NASS (United States Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service) 

Private Pesticide Market Research

California DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation)

These results reflect amalgamated data developed by the Agency and are releasable to the public.
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 38 of 43

Page 38 of 43

Attachment 6 Residue Distribution Files (rdfs)

Paraquat Almonds

TOTALNZ = 35

TOTALZ = 65

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Apples

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Apricot

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat 1C 

Artichoke

TOTALNZ = 70

TOTALZ = 30

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

Paraquat Artichoke

TOTALNZ = 70

TOTALZ = 30

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Asparagus

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 39 of 43

Page 39 of 43

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Paraquat Avocado

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Barley

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Blueberry

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Broccoli

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Cabbage

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat 

Caneberries

TOTALNZ = 70

TOTALZ = 30

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Cantaloupe

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Carrots

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Cherry

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Cotton

TOTALNZ = 40

TOTALZ = 60

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Paraquat Cucumbers

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 40 of 43

Page 40 of 43

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Dry Beans

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

Paraquat Dry Pea

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

Paraquat Egg

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Paraquat Field Corn

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.10

0.10

0.10

Paraquat Figs

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Garlic

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.10

0.10

0.10

Paraquat Grapes

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Grapefruit

TOTALNZ = 15

TOTALZ = 85

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Green 

Beans

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Green 

Onion

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Green Pea

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Kidney

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Paraquat Kiwifruit

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 41 of 43

Page 41 of 43

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Lemon

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Lettuce

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Meat

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Milk

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Paraquat Nectarines

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Olives

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Onion

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

Paraquat Orange

TOTALNZ = 15

TOTALZ = 85

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Peaches

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Peanut

TOTALNZ = 45

TOTALZ = 55

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 42 of 43

Page 42 of 43

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Pear

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Pecan

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Pepper

TOTALNZ = 15

TOTALZ = 85

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Pistachio

TOTALNZ = 35

TOTALZ = 65

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Plum

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Potato

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

Paraquat Prune

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Pumpkin

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Rice

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Sorghum

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Soybean

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.70

0.70

0.70

Paraquat Squash

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Strawberry

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.25
Paraquat Dichloride Dietary Exposure Assessment DP Barcode: D419827

PC Code: 061601 Page 43 of 43

Page 43 of 43

0.25

Paraquat Sugarcane

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

Paraquat Sunflower

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

2.0

2.0

2.0

Paraquat Sweet Corn

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Tangelo

TOTALNZ = 10

TOTALZ = 90

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Tangerine

TOTALNZ = 5

TOTALZ = 95

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Tomato

TOTALNZ = 30

TOTALZ = 70

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Walnut

TOTALNZ = 20

TOTALZ = 80

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Watermelon

TOTALNZ = 15

TOTALZ = 85

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Paraquat Wheat

TOTALNZ = 3

TOTALZ = 97

1.1

1.1

1.1