COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judge Bray and Senior Judge Overton ∗ Argued at Norfolk, Virginia

FEDRICO M. GILMORE MEMORANDUM OPINION ∗∗ BY v. Record No. 0709-98-1 JUDGE NELSON T. OVERTON FEBRUARY 16, 1999 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF SUFFOLK Westbrook J. Parker, Judge Barrett R. Richardson (Richardson & Rosenberg LLC, on brief), for appellant. Kathleen B. Martin, Assistant Attorney General (Mark L. Earley, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

∗ Judge Overton participated in the hearing and decision of this case prior to the effective date of his retirement on January 31, 1999 and thereafter by his designation as a senior judge pursuant to Code § 17.1-401, recodifying Code § 17-116.01:1.

∗∗ Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code § 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication. Fedrico M. Gilmore (defendant) appeals his convi c tion for the second degree murder of Laura Joyner. He contends that the trial court erred by refusing to instruct the jury on the elements of voluntary manslaughter. Because we hold the evidence did not warrant such an instruction, we affirm. The parties are fully conversant with the record in this case and because this memorandum opinion carries no precedental value, no recitation of the facts is necessary.- 2 - "It is well settled that a trial court must instruct the jury on a lesser-included offense if more than a scintilla of evidence supports it." Donkor v. Commonwealth , 26 Va. App. 325, 330, 494 S.E.2d 497, 500 (1998) (citing Boone v. Commonwealth , 14 Va. App. 130, 132, 415 S.E.2d 250, 251 (1992)). "In determining whether to instruct the jury on a lesser-included offense, the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the accused's theory of the case." Lea v. Commonwealth , 16 Va. App. 300, 305, 429 S.E.2d 477, 480 (1993) (citing Barrett v.

Commonwealth , 231 Va. 102, 107, 341 S.E.2d 190, 193 (1986)). Therefore, we must examine the record for evidence that the defendant committed voluntary manslaughter. To reduce a homicide from murder to manslaughter, the killing must have been committed in the heat of passion, upon reasonable provocation and without malice. See Barrett , 231 Va. at 105-06, 341 S.E.2d at 192. Defendant asserts on appeal that he killed Ms. Joyner because she called out the name of her boyfriend during intercourse and this drove him into a jealous rage. The record, however, belies his assertion. Ms. Joyner allegedly called out the name of her boyfriend while they were engaged in intercourse, yet defendant waited until after they had finished intercourse in order to strangle her. Defendant testified that Joyner's calling of another man's name didn't anger him, it "didn't really like tick me off, like tick me off, I could care, I could really care less, but it was just the point." Moreover, defendant and Ms. Joyner did not share a close- 3 - or emotional bond. Defendant described their relationship as "bam, bam, gone, that type." According to defendant's own testimony he did not kill Ms. Joyner because he was angry, but just to make "the point." In these circumstances, we can discern no reasonable provocation for

his actions nor find even a "scintilla" of evidence that defendant acted in the heat of passion. Because the evidence supports the trial court's decision to refuse the jury instruction, we affirm defendant's conviction.

Affirmed.