Evaluation of a Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Scenario 

for Alcoa’s Intalco Ferndale, Washington Facility 

August 7, 2012 

Prepared for: 

Alcoa 

Intalco Aluminum Corporation 

Ferndale, Washington 

Prepared by: 

 Exponent, Inc. 

9 Strathmore Road 

Natick, MA 01760 
1 

Figure 1. Alcoa Intalco plant layout in LCC coordinates. 
2 

Table 1a. Base Case Scenario - Point Source Parameters – Maximum Daily1 Emissions - Water On or Water Off

Source 

Description

LCC 

Coordinate

LCC 

Coordinate

Stack 

Height

Base 

Elevation

Effective 

Stack

Exit 

Vel

Exit T PM10

Emission

Filterable 

PM2.5

Cond

PM

X Y Diam2 Rate Emission Emis

(km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (K) (g/s) Rate Ra

(g/s) (g/

DSA1 -120.536 -14.914 19.8 65.40 3.733 12.98 363.7 1.81 0.097 1.4DSA2 -120.466 -15.15 19.8 63.90 3.733 13.05 363.7 1.81 0.097 1.4DSB3 -120.691 -14.958 17.9 62.20 5.957 5.17 353.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSB4 -120.621 -15.195 17.9 61.40 5.957 5.17 353.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSC5 -120.840 -15.000 17.9 59.70 5.723 4.90 355.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSC6 -120.770 -15.238 17.9 59.00 5.723 4.79 355.1 1.81 0.097 1.4BAKEOVEN -121.011 -15.391 25.5 57.50 2.129 12.98 369.4 0.35 0.15 0.1

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire dat2 Sources DSA1 through DSC6 are effective stacks. DSA1 and DSA2 consists of 6 stacks each with a physical diameter of 1.524 meters for each sta

stacks each, with a physical diameter of 1.168 meters for each stack and DSC5 and DSC6 consist of 24 stacks each with a physical diameter of 1.1683 m

diameter is calculated by multiplying the square root of the number of stacks by the physical diameter. 

Table 1b. Base Case Scenario + 20% SO2 Reduction - Point Source Parameters – Maximum Daily1 Emissions - Water O

Source 

Description

LCC 

Coordinate

LCC 

Coordinate

Stack 

Height

Base 

Elevation

Effective 

Stack

Exit 

Vel

Exit T PM10

Emission

Filterable 

PM2.5

Cond

PM

X Y Diam2 Rate Emission Emis

(km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (K) (g/s) Rate Ra

(g/s) (g/

DSA1 -120.536 -14.914 19.8 65.40 3.733 12.98 363.7 1.81 0.097 1.4DSA2 -120.466 -15.15 19.8 63.90 3.733 13.05 363.7 1.81 0.097 1.4DSB3 -120.691 -14.958 17.9 62.20 5.957 5.17 353.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSB4 -120.621 -15.195 17.9 61.40 5.957 5.17 353.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSC5 -120.840 -15.000 17.9 59.70 5.723 4.90 355.1 1.81 0.097 1.4DSC6 -120.770 -15.238 17.9 59.00 5.723 4.79 355.1 1.81 0.097 1.4BAKEOVEN -121.011 -15.391 25.5 57.50 2.129 12.98 369.4 0.35 0.15 0.1

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire dat2 Sources DSA1 through DSC6 are effective stacks. DSA1 and DSA2 consists of 6 stacks each with a physical diameter of 1.524 meters for each sta

stacks each, with a physical diameter of 1.168 meters for each stack and DSC5 and DSC6 consist of 24 stacks each with a physical diameter of 1.1683 m

diameter is calculated by multiplying the square root of the number of stacks by the physical diameter.
3 

Table 2. All Scenarios - Point Source Parameters – Maximum Daily1 Emissions – Water On or Water Off

Source 

Description

LCC 

Coordinate

LCC 

Coordinate

Stack 

Height

Base 

Elevation

Effective 

Stack

Exit 

Vel

Exit T PM10

Emission

Filterable 

PM2.5

Cond

PM

X Y Diam2 Rate Emission Emis

(km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m/s) (K) (g/s) Rate Ra

(g/s) (g/

CAST1-6 -120.392 -15.061 26.9 66.1 2.365 5.69 433.0 0.33 0.079 0.1CAST7-8 -120.415 -14.965 23.2 66.1 1.365 5.69 433.0 0.11 0.026 0.0CAST9-10 -120.422 -14.960 18.4 66.1 1.365 5.69 433.0 0.11 0.026 0.0CAST11-12 -120.433 -14.922 23.2 66.1 1.365 5.69 433.0 0.11 0.026 0.0188 -120.933 -15.393 36.1 58.5 1.462 5.34 Ambient 0.010 0.010 0.0189 -120.919 -15.088 36.1 58.5 1.287 3.63 Ambient 0.090 0.090 0.0191 -120.940 -15.395 36.1 58.5 1.287 3.63 Ambient 0.090 0.090 0.0195 -120.553 -15.394 17.7 63.1 0.61 4.29 343.0 0.080 0.080 0.0198 -120.957 -15.122 13.3 58.5 1.219 20.23 Ambient 0.24 0.24 0.0199 -120.953 -15.121 13.3 58.5 1.219 20.23 Ambient 0.24 0.24 0.0208 -121.006 -15.002 5.0 58.5 1.828 2.53 Ambient 0.076 0.076 0.0209 -121.095 -14.985 15.7 74.4 0.914 36.19 Ambient 0.43 0.43 0.0210 -120.400 -15.282 9.4 65.2 0.762 3.11 395.0 0.00018 0.00018 0.0217 -120.360 -15.210 23.2 77.0 1.365 5.69 433.0 0.026 0.0035 0.0232 -120.931 -15.423 6.6 58.2 0.61 29.12 Ambient 0.097 0.097 0.0260 -120.925 -15.134 11.0 59.1 0.26 1.46 Ambient 0.025 0.025 0.0312 -120.922 -15.099 13.7 58.5 0.49 1.59 370.0 0.11 0.11 0.0313 -120.941 -15.104 13.7 58.5 0.49 1.59 370.0 0.11 0.11 0.0316 -120.858 -15.400 22.86 57.96 1.372 15.9 302.9 0.30 0.30 0.0

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Sci

2 The cast house sources are modeled as effective stacks. CST1-6 contains 6 stacks each with a physical diameter of 0.9654 meters. The remainin

CAST 9-10, and CAST 11-12 contain 2 stacks each with a physical diameter of 0.9654 meters for each stack. The effective diameter is calculate

of the number of stacks by the physical diameter. 

3 LCC coordinates use the origin 49N, 121W, standard parallels 30N, 60N, datum NWS-84. 
4 

Table 3a. All Scenarios - Line Source Emission Rates used in CALPUFF (Water On – Wet Scrubber On)

Source 

Description 

Line 

Number 

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. X

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. Y

LCC 

Coordinate 

End X

LCC 

Coordinate 

End Y

Release 

Height 

Base 

Elevation 

PM10

Emission 

Rate

Filterable 

PM2.5

Emission

(km) (km) (km) (km) (m) (m) (g/s) Rate 

(g/s) 

WSLINEA1 1 -120.532 -14.845 -120.422 -15.219 16.40 65.4 2.30 0.87 WSLINEA2 2 -120.606 -14.867 -120.496 -15.241 16.40 64.1 2.30 0.87 WSLINEB1 3 -120.681 -14.892 -120.571 -15.266 16.40 62.9 2.30 0.87 WSLINEB2 4 -120.755 -14.914 -120.645 -15.288 16.40 61.7 2.30 0.87 WSLINEC1 5 -120.828 -14.936 -120.719 -15.309 16.40 60.5 2.30 0.87 WSLINEC2 6 -120.903 -14.958 -120.793 -15.332 16.40 59.3 2.30 0.87 

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire dat

Table 3b. All Scenarios + 20% SO2 Reduction - Line Source Emission Rates used in CALPUFF (Water On – Wet Sc

Source 

Description 

Line 

Number 

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. X

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. Y

LCC 

Coordinate 

End X

LCC 

Coordinate 

End Y

Release 

Height 

Base 

Elevation 

PM10

Emission 

Rate

Filterable 

PM2.5

Emission

(km) (km) (km) (km) (m) (m) (g/s) Rate 

(g/s) 

WSLINEA1 1 -120.532 -14.845 -120.422 -15.219 16.40 65.4 2.30 0.87 WSLINEA2 2 -120.606 -14.867 -120.496 -15.241 16.40 64.1 2.30 0.87 WSLINEB1 3 -120.681 -14.892 -120.571 -15.266 16.40 62.9 2.30 0.87 WSLINEB2 4 -120.755 -14.914 -120.645 -15.288 16.40 61.7 2.30 0.87 WSLINEC1 5 -120.828 -14.936 -120.719 -15.309 16.40 60.5 2.30 0.87 WSLINEC2 6 -120.903 -14.958 -120.793 -15.332 16.40 59.3 2.30 0.87 

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire dat
5 

Table 4a. All Scenarios - Line Source Emission Rates used in CALPUFF (Water Off – Wet Scrubber Off – Period Decem

Included)

Source 

Description 

Line 

Number 

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. X

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. Y

LCC 

Coordinate 

End X

LCC 

Coordinate 

End Y

Release 

Height 

Base 

Elevation 

PM10

Emission 

Rate

Filterable 

PM2.5

Emission

(km) (km) (km) (km) (m) (m) (g/s) Rate 

(g/s) 

WSLINEA1 1 -120.532 -14.845 -120.422 -15.219 16.40 65.4 11.94 4.48 WSLINEA2 2 -120.606 -14.867 -120.496 -15.241 16.40 64.1 11.94 4.48 WSLINEB1 3 -120.681 -14.892 -120.571 -15.266 16.40 62.9 11.94 4.48 WSLINEB2 4 -120.755 -14.914 -120.645 -15.288 16.40 61.7 11.94 4.48 WSLINEC1 5 -120.828 -14.936 -120.719 -15.309 16.40 60.5 11.94 4.48 WSLINEC2 6 -120.903 -14.958 -120.793 -15.332 16.40 59.3 11.94 4.48 

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire daTable 4b. All Scenarios + 20% SO2 Reduction - Line Source Emission Rates used in CALPUFF (Water Off – Wet Scrubb

Included)

Source 

Description 

Line 

Number 

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. X

LCC 

Coordinate 

Beg. Y

LCC 

Coordinate 

End X

LCC 

Coordinate 

End Y

Release 

Height 

Base 

Elevation 

PM10

Emission 

Rate

Filterable 

PM2.5

Emission

(km) (km) (km) (km) (m) (m) (g/s) Rate 

(g/s) 

WSLINEA1 1 -120.532 -14.845 -120.422 -15.219 16.40 65.4 11.94 4.48 WSLINEA2 2 -120.606 -14.867 -120.496 -15.241 16.40 64.1 11.94 4.48 WSLINEB1 3 -120.681 -14.892 -120.571 -15.266 16.40 62.9 11.94 4.48 WSLINEB2 4 -120.755 -14.914 -120.645 -15.288 16.40 61.7 11.94 4.48 WSLINEC1 5 -120.828 -14.936 -120.719 -15.309 16.40 60.5 11.94 4.48 WSLINEC2 6 -120.903 -14.958 -120.793 -15.332 16.40 59.3 11.94 4.48 

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzolo to Joe Scire da
6 

Table 5. All Scenarios - Parameters Used for Modeling Wet Scrubber Stacks as Line Sources

Line ID Wet Number Building Dimensions Building Line Exit Volumetric Buoyan

Scrubbers of Stacks Height 

(m) 

Width 

(m) 

Length 

(m) 

Separation

(m) 

Source

Width 

(m) 

Velocity

(m/s) 

Flow

(m3/sec) 

Wet Scr

O

(m4/

WSLINEA1 A1-A30 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.920 55.32 410WSLINEA2 A31-A60 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.920 55.32 410WSLINEB1 B1-B30 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.990 56.30 417WSLINEB2 B31-B60 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.990 56.30 417WSLINEC1 C1-C30 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.904 55.08 408WSLINEC2 C31-C60 30 15.24 38.7 402.95 40.00 4.24 3.904 55.08 408

1 Note: The line source buoyancy parameters are based on annual wet scrubber stack exit temperature measurements, exit velocity observations and 

air temperatures at the lower level (~10 m) of the on-site meteorology tower were used with the wet scrubber stack exit temperature measurements to comptemperature differences for the F' calculation. The stack exit temperatures used in the calculation of F’ is an annual average calculated from monthly exit te

period 1995-1998. Two different values of F’ were computed, one for when the wet scrubbers are operational (i.e. F’ calculated to be 412.08 m4/s3) and th

December (19-24) when the wet scrubbers are not operational (i.e. F’ calculated to be 864.22 m4/s3). 
7 

 Table 6. All Scenarios - Volume Source Parameters and Emission Rates 

Reference LCC 

Coordinates 

Emissio

Release 

Initial Initial Base 

PM10 Filter. 

PM2.5 

Con

PM

Source Source Description East North Height σy σz Elevation (g/s) (g/s) (g

ID (km) (km) (m) (m) (m) (m)

251 Anode bake building monitor roof -120.982 -15.242 22 33.7 10.2 58.7 0.13 0.13 0.252 Anode block hole blower -120.982 -15.242 22 33.7 10.2 58.7 0.12 0.12 0.

257A Rod shop crust recovery discharge -120.948 -15.123 0.0021 0.00032 0.

to trucks from bins #1 and #2 4.6 1.07 1.07 58.5

257B Rod shop crust recovery discharge -120.906 -15.112 0.0021 0.00032 0.

to trucks from bins #1 and #2 4.6 1.07 1.07 58.5

259A Rod shop crust recovery discharge -120.948 -15.123 0.0030 0.00046 0.

to trucks from bins #1 and #2 4.6 1.07 1.07 58.5

259B Rod shop crust recovery discharge -120.906 -15.112 0.0030 0.00046 0.

to trucks from bins #1 and #2 4.6 1.07 1.07 58.5

280 Annex cathode assembly area roof -120.983 -15.013 0.054 0.054 0.

vent 18.3 8.97 8.51 58.5

 282 Annex ladle rebuild area roof vents -120.952 -14.990 18.3 8.97 8.51 58.5 0.38 0.38 0.

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palazzo

16, 2007. 
8 

 Table 7. All Scenarios - Area Source Parameters and Emission Rates 

Southwest Corner Emis

Filterable C

LCC Coordinates Release Initial Base Total PM10 PM2.5 

Source ID Source Description East (km) North (km) Ht (m) σz (m) Elevation (m) Area (m2) (g/s/m2) (g/s/m2) 

239 Fugitive dust from vehicles traffic on paved roads -121.149 -14.601 5 10 60 720000 0.00000040 0.000000059 

241 Facility-wide from gas combustion (fugitive) -121.149 -14.601 15 15 60 720000 0.00000022 0.00000023 

273 Alumina ore handling fugitive dust -121.149 -14.601 15 15 60 720000 0.000000053 0.000000008 

1 For plant-wide combustion emissions (sources 241 and 273) the release height is assumed to be equal to the average building heig

emissions from paved roads the release height is assumed to be 5 m. 

2 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike Palaz

February 16, 2007.

3 Unit emission is g/s/m2. 

 Table 8. All Scenarios - 50 Other Sources Modeled as Volume Sources – Parameters and Emission Rates used for 

Reference LCC

Coordinates Emissio

Release Initial Initial Base PM10 Filter. PM2.5 Con

PM

Source

ID 

Others1 

Source Description East (km) North (km) Height (m) σy (m) σz (m) Elevation (m) (g/s) (g/s) (g

Sources smaller than 0.1g/scombined (no SO2deposition 

or NOx)– no -120.665 -15.076 4.6 1.07 1.07 62.0 0.358 0.307 0.

Sources larger than 0.1g/s

Others2 combined (no SO2

deposition 

or NOx)– no -120.665 -15.076 4.6 1.07 1.07 62.0 0.849 0.7414 0.

Others3 Sources including S emissions – no depo O2 and NOx sition -120.665 -15.076 4.6 1.07 1.07 62.0 0.1722 0.1676 0.

1 Emission data is from spreadsheet “Maximum daily emissions for modeling 021507.xls” transmitted in the email from Mike February 16, 2007 
9 

Table 9. Year 2003 – Base Case Scenario Summary Table for Visibility Impact using 

Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 2.120 1.244 -44.951 -148.052 Day 57 h0 36 11 

Glacier Peak W. 2.024 1.161 -26.585 -90.864 Day 220 h0 37 14 

Goat Rocks W. 1.880 0.500 -42.084 -253.680 Day 300 h0 8 4 

Mount Adams W. 1.698 0.456 -46.144 -301.967 Day 131 h0 7 2 

Mount Rainier NP 3.169 0.843 -66.233 -215.874 Day 276 h0 22 6 

North Cascades NP 1.822 1.376 -45.145 -20.878 Day 187 h0 65 19 

Olympic NP 4.108 2.363 -156.407 -118.354 Day 57 h0 59 29 

Pasayten W. 1.241 0.866 75.074 -8.015 Day 212 h0 30 2 

Table 10. Year 2004 – Base Case Scenario Summary Table for Visibility Impact using 

Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 2.266 0.965 -41.471 -167.771 Day 200 h0 37 7 

Glacier Peak W. 1.867 1.156 -28.244 -63.988 Day 227 h0 38 8 

Goat Rocks W. 1.697 0.579 -42.084 -253.680 Day 138 h0 10 5 

Mount Adams W. 1.688 0.472 -46.144 -301.967 Day 211 h0 6 4 

Mount Rainier NP 2.429 1.052 -66.233 -215.874 Day 71 h0 26 10 

North Cascades NP 1.947 1.395 -37.000 -38.856 Day 180 h0 56 16 

Olympic NP 4.672 1.858 -163.305 -107.414 Day 268 h0 53 21 

Pasayten W. 1.612 0.871 -0.294 -1.344 Day 182 h0 33 4 

Table 11. Year 2005 – Base Case Scenario Summary Table for Visibility Impact using 

Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 1.522 0.881 -43.731 -146.271 Day 223 h0 23 3 

Glacier Peak W. 1.217 0.736 -26.585 -90.864 Day 223 h0 23 2 

Goat Rocks W. 0.625 0.317 -42.084 -253.680 Day 117 h0 3 0 

Mount Adams W. 0.616 0.357 -39.372 -308.278 Day 264 h0 2 0 

Mount Rainier NP 0.996 0.629 -66.233 -215.874 Day 122 h0 15 0 

North Cascades NP 1.821 1.138 -36.755 -1.225 Day 256 h0 32 8 

Olympic NP 4.130 2.136 -173.846 -99.043 Day 237 h0 45 24 

Pasayten W. 1.189 0.659 -0.294 -1.344 Day 346 h0 13 2 
10 

Table 12. Year 2003 – Base Case Scenario with a 20% Reduction in Sulfur, Summary 

Table for Visibility Impact using Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural 

Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 1.774 1.046 -44.951 -148.052 Day 57 h0 29 8 

Glacier Peak W. 1.688 0.978 -26.585 -90.864 Day 220 h0 31 7 

Goat Rocks W. 1.573 0.411 -42.084 -253.680 Day 300 h0 6 3 

Mount Adams W. 1.416 0.378 -46.144 -301.967 Day 131 h0 5 2 

Mount Rainier NP 2.673 0.699 -66.233 -215.874 Day 276 h0 16 5 

North Cascades NP 1.533 1.168 -45.145 -20.878 Day 187 h0 48 10 

Olympic NP 3.491 1.199 -156.407 -118.354 Day 57 h0 50 23 

Pasayten W. 1.034 0.721 2.068 -28.226 Day 215 h0 21 1 

Table 13. Year 2004 – Base Case Scenario with a 20% Reduction in Sulfur, Summary 

Table for Visibility Impact using Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural 

Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 1.903 0.805 -41.471 -167.771 Day 200 h0 28 7 

Glacier Peak W. 1.566 0.961 -28.244 -63.988 Day 227 h0 30 6 

Goat Rocks W. 1.410 0.476 -42.084 -253.680 Day 138 h0 7 3 

Mount Adams W. 1.403 0.388 -44.220 -293.034 Day 138 h0 5 2 

Mount Rainier NP 2.035 0.883 -66.233 -215.874 Day 71 h0 21 6 

North Cascades NP 1.638 1.174 -37.000 -38.856 Day 180 h0 46 11 

Olympic NP 4.009 1.558 -163.305 -107.414 Day 268 h0 48 19 

Pasayten W. 1.351 0.733 -0.294 -1.344 Day 182 h0 24 4 

Table 14. Year 2005 – Base Case Scenario with a 20% Reduction in Sulfur, Summary 

Table for Visibility Impact using Method 6 with the 20th Best Day Natural 

Background.

Class I area Largest 

Deltadeciview (dv)

98th percentile 

Delta-deciview 

(dv)

Receptor location 

of 98th percentile

Ending of 24h 

period – 98th 

percentile

No. of days 

above

0.5dv

No. of days 

above 1dv

Alpine Lakes W. 1.292 0.739 -43.731 -146.271 Day 223 h0 17 1 

Glacier Peak W. 1.010 0.613 -26.585 -90.864 Day 223 h0 15 1 

Goat Rocks W. 0.518 0.260 -42.084 -253.680 Day 117 h0 2 0 

Mount Adams W. 0.509 0.299 -39.372 -308.278 Day 264 h0 1 0 

Mount Rainier NP 0.844 0.519 -66.233 -215.874 Day 122 h0 9 0 

North Cascades NP 1.518 0.959 -36.755 -1.225 Day 256 h0 28 6 

Olympic NP 3.564 1.824 -264.485 -76.761 Day 348 h0 41 21 

Pasayten W. 1.001 0.543 -0.294 -1.344 Day 346 h0 8 1