# Patent

## Title
Implementing a host as a container or virtual machine

## Abstract

A Container or VM running on physical host is allocated for hosting a dispatcher module in an isolated environment. A thin dispatcher runs on the host OS, while another secured dispatcher module runs inside the allocated Container. If an intruder gains access to the host, he would not be able to send commands to the dispatcher module running inside the Container. The intruder may access the thin dispatcher module, but would not be able to create or delete VMs or Containers. The administrator can connect directly to the dispatcher module inside the container. A remote shell access goes to the host container instead of a physical host. Thus, the security of the host is improved.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for implementing a host as a Container or Virtual Machine (VM).
Description of the Related Art
A modern trend of virtualization presents some challenges with regard to isolation of host which creates Virtual Machines (VMs) or Containers. In conventional systems, a host has some security vulnerabilities. This is illustrated by an example depicted in FIG. 1. A host 110 has LinuxTM OS 160 running on it. A dispatcher module 170 is configured to create VMs 130 or Containers 120. An administrator can connect to the dispatcher and send commands for creation/deletion of VMs and Containers. The dispatcher can also route requests to a web server 140 or use it for providing an interface to the dispatcher module 170.
However, if an intruder gains access to the host 110 through a remote shell access point and launches an application 150, this application can compromise the entire host 110, because it can see all of the VMs 130 and the Containers 120. Furthermore, the application 150 can operate at a root privilege level, which means it can perform any actions on the host 110. Additionally, an intrusion can occur through the web server 140 interface, which is even more vulnerable. This security vulnerability of the conventional LinuxTM host, which hosts a dispatcher module, needs to be addressed.
Accordingly, a method for implementing a host as secure container is desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a method for improving a security of a host, and in particular, implementing a host as a Container or VM that substantially obviates one or more of the disadvantages of the related art.
In one aspect of the invention, one of the Containers (or VMs) is allocated for hosting a dispatcher module in an isolated environment. A truncated (thin) dispatcher 2 version still runs on the host OS, while another secured dispatcher module 1 runs inside the allocated Container. This way, if an intruder gains access to the Linux host, he would not be able to send commands to the dispatcher module 1 running inside the Container. The intruder may access the thin dispatcher 2 module, but would not be able to create or delete VMs or Containers. The administrator can connect directly to the dispatcher module inside the container. According to the exemplary embodiment, a remote shell access goes to the host container instead of a physical host. Thus, the security of the host is, advantageously, improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description that follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED FIGURES
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional host with a dispatcher;
FIG. 2 illustrates a host container running a dispatcher module in an isolated environment, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 illustrates components of the dispatcher module that are placed inside the Container, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic of an exemplary computer system that can be used for implementation of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is directed to a method for creation and launching of application Containers inside the OS Container. The following definitions are used throughout the description.
VEE—Virtual Execution Environment, a type of environment that supports program code execution, where at least a part of the real hardware and software required for running program code are presented as their virtual analogs. From the point of view of the user, the code in VEE runs as if it were running on the real computing system.
VM—Virtual Machine, a type of an isolated Virtual Execution Environments running on the same physical machine simultaneously. Each Virtual Machine instance executes its own OS kernel. Support of Virtual Machines is implemented using a Virtual Machine Monitor and/or a Hypervisor.
Virtual Private Server (VPS), is one type of a Virtual Execution Environment (VEE) running on the same hardware system with a single shared OS kernel and sharing most of the system resources, where isolation of Virtual Execution Environments is implemented on a namespace level. A Virtual Private Server (VPS), often referred to as a “Container,” is a closed set, or collection, of processes, system resources, users, groups of users, objects and data structures. Each VPS has its own ID, or some other identifier, that distinguishes it from other VPSs. A container acts as an isolated virtual server within a single machine, where multiple sets of application services are organized on a single hardware node by placing each into an isolated virtual Container.
The VPS/Container offers to its users a service that is functionally substantially equivalent to a standalone server with a remote access. From the perspective of an administrator of the VPS, the VPS should preferably act the same as a dedicated computer at a data center. For example, it is desirable for the administrator of the VPS to have the same remote access to the server through the Internet, the same ability to reload the server, load system and application software, authorize VPS users, establish disk space quotas of the users and user groups, support storage area networks (SANs), set up and configure network connections and web servers, etc. In other words, the full range of system administrator functions is desirable, as if the VPS were a dedicated remote server, with the existence of the VPS being transparent from the perspective of both the VPS user and the VPS administrator.
In one embodiment, a hardware node has LINUX OS installed on it with a set of files. A system has a dispatcher configured to create VMs and Containers by direct interaction with the host OS. The dispatcher is configured to build Containers only based on disk images created by the driver of the main file system. The dispatcher can work with any disk images using additional verification of these images—i.e., who created the image, when, access permissions, etc. The host can have several VMs and Containers running on it. Each Container has its own virtual disk and a file system implemented on the virtual disk, which has its image located in the main file system. In order for a user to create a VM or a Container, the user has to address the dispatcher directly under control of the administrator.
According to the exemplary embodiment, one of the Containers is allocated for hosting a dispatcher module in an isolated environment. A truncated (thin) dispatcher 2 version still runs on the host OS, while another secure dispatcher module 1 runs inside the allocated Container. This way, if an intruder gains access to the LinuxTM host, it would not be able to send commands to the dispatcher module 1 running inside the Container. The intruder may access the dispatcher 2 module, but would not be able to create or delete VMs or Containers. The administrator can connect directly to the dispatcher module inside the container. According to the exemplary embodiment, a remote shell access goes to the host container instead of a physical host. Thus, the security of the host is, advantageously, improved.
FIG. 2 illustrates a host VEE in a form of a container running a dispatcher module in an isolated environment, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment. A LINUXTM host runs a minimal version of the LINUX OS 240. This version only includes basic kernel, low level libraries—GLib, NetConfig and a thin (truncated) dispatcher module 230.
A Container 210 is allocated for running a dispatcher module 220, which includes Container/VM creation functionality, in an isolated environment. In one embodiment, the dispatcher module 220 can run inside a dedicated Container or VM 210 implemented on the physical host 110. Thus, the truncated dispatcher 230 still runs on the host OS for managing the existing VMs 130 and Containers 120, while another secured dispatcher module 210 runs inside the allocated Container 210. This way, if an intruder gains access to the LinuxTM host, it would not be able to send commands to the dispatcher module 210 running inside the Container. The intruder may access the dispatcher module 230, but would not be able to create or delete VMs 130 or Containers 120. The administrator can connect directly to the dispatcher module 220 inside the container. According to the exemplary embodiment, a remote shell access goes to the host Container 210 instead of a physical host 110. Thus, the security of the host is, advantageously, improved.
FIG. 3 illustrates components of the dispatcher module that are placed inside the Container, in accordance with the exemplary embodiment. A user connects to the dispatcher over an API end point 315 that can be encapsulated inside the Container/VM 210 (see FIG. 2). The dispatcher core 310 can include authentication module 320. The user can enter login/password and get authenticated inside the Container/VM 210. According to the exemplary embodiment, the following dispatcher sub-modules can also implemented inside the hosting container: a backup module 325, a licensing module 350, a migration manager 345 and a template module 360.
A runtime Container manager 335 and a runtime VM manager 340 are implemented on the host 110 (see FIG. 2). Alternatively, a backup module 325, a migration manager 345 and a template module 360 can be implemented inside the service container, while some of their functionality is provided by the host 110. Therefore, some of the dispatcher functionality can be performed inside the service container, without compromising the host. Note that if the minimal LINUX is run on the host, the remaining LINUX functionality is added to the host container. This way the administrators can install their software inside the host service container instead of compromising the host.
With reference to FIG. 4, an exemplary system for implementing the invention includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer system 110 or the like including a processing unit 21, a system memory 22, and a system bus 23 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 21.
The system bus 23 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. The system memory includes read-only memory (ROM) 24 and random access memory (RAM) 25. A basic input/output system 26 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help transfer information between elements within the computer 110, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 24.
The computer 110 may further include a hard disk drive 27 for reading from and writing to a hard disk, not shown, a magnetic disk drive 28 for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk 29, and an optical disk drive 30 for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk 31 such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media. The hard disk drive 27, magnetic disk drive 28, and optical disk drive 30 are connected to the system bus 23 by a hard disk drive interface 32, a magnetic disk drive interface 33, and an optical drive interface 34, respectively. The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide non-volatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 110.
Although the exemplary environment described herein employs a hard disk, a removable magnetic disk 29 and a removable optical disk 31, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of computer readable media that can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memories (RAMs), read-only memories (ROMs) and the like may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.
A number of program modules may be stored on the hard disk, magnetic disk 29, optical disk 31, ROM 24 or RAM 25, including an operating system 35. The computer 110 includes a file system 36 associated with or included within the operating system 35, one or more application programs 37, other program modules 38 and program data 39. A user may enter commands and information into the computer 110 through input devices such as a keyboard 40 and pointing device 42. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner or the like.
These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 21 through a serial port interface 46 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, game port or universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 47 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 23 via an interface, such as a video adapter 48. In addition to the monitor 47, personal computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers and printers.
The computer 110 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers 49. The remote computer (or computers) 49 may be another computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 110, although only a memory storage device 50 has been illustrated. The logical connections include a local area network (LAN) 51 and a wide area network (WAN) 52. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, Intranets and the Internet.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 110 is connected to the local network 51 through a network interface or adapter 53. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 110 typically includes a modem 54 or other means for establishing communications over the wide area network 52, such as the Internet.
The modem 54, which may be internal or external, is connected to the system bus 23 via the serial port interface 46. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 110, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described method and system have been achieved.
It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A computer-implemented system for creation of a host Virtual Execution Environment (VEE), the system comprising:
a host having a thin host OS, a host file system and a disk;
a dedicated hosting VEE implemented on the host;
a thin dispatcher module running on the host and configured to control Containers and Virtual Machines (VMs) residing on the host; and
a dispatcher module running inside the dedicated hosting VEE and configured to create or delete VMs and Containers upon receiving a command from an administrator,
wherein:
an authentication module, a backup module, a licensing module, a migration manager and a template module are implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE;
a runtime Container manager and a runtime VM manager are implemented on the host; and
the dispatcher module running inside the dedicated hosting VEE is not accessible by any applications running on the host,

wherein the migration manager and the template module are implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE, while their functionality is supported by the host.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the backup module is implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE, while its functionality is supported by the host.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a VM.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a Container.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the thin host OS is a minimum LINUX OS comprising a basic kernel, low level libraries GLib and NetConfig.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein dispatcher processes executing inside the dedicated hosting VEE are isolated from other processes of Containers and VMs residing on the same host.

7. A computer-implemented method for creation of a host Virtual Execution Environment (VEE), the method comprising:
launching a dedicated hosting VEE on a physical host;
starting a thin dispatcher module on the host;
controlling Containers and Virtual Machines (VMs) residing on the host by the thin dispatcher module;
launching a dispatcher module inside the dedicated hosting VEE;
creating or deleting VMs and Containers upon receiving a command from an administrator by the dispatcher module running inside the dedicated hosting VEE,
wherein:
an authentication module, a backup module, a licensing module, a migration manager and a template module are implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE;
a runtime Container manager and a runtime VM manager are implemented on the host; and
the dispatcher module running inside the dedicated hosting VEE is not accessible by any applications running on the host,
wherein the migration manager and the template module are implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE, while their functionality is supported by the host.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a VM.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a Container.

10. A computer-implemented system for creation of a host Virtual Execution Environment (VEE), the system comprising:
a host having a thin host OS and a host file system;
a dedicated hosting VEE on the host;
a dispatcher module on the host and configured to control Containers and Virtual Machines (VMs) residing on the host; and
a dispatcher module running inside the dedicated hosting VEE and configured to create or delete VMs and Containers in response to a command from an administrator,
wherein:
a user authentication module and a template module are implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE;
a runtime Container manager and a runtime VM manager are implemented on the host; and
the dispatcher module is not accessible by applications running on the host.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a VM.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the dedicated hosting VEE is a Container.

13. The system of claim 10, wherein the thin host OS is a minimum LINUX OS comprising a basic kernel, low level libraries GLib and NetConfig.

14. The system of claim 10, wherein dispatcher processes executing inside the dedicated hosting VEE are isolated from other processes of Containers and VMs residing on the same host.

15. The system of claim 10, further comprising a backup module is implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE, while its functionality is supported by the host.

16. The system of claim 10, further comprising a migration module is implemented inside the dedicated hosting VEE, while its functionality is supported by the host.