April 1994

Ta Ie of Contents

Regulati ons

J "Best Efforts" Rules Effective

2 Comments Sought on Rules

Governing National Voter

Registration Form

Conferences

2 Washington. DC, Candidate Conference Rescheduled for April 15

3 FEe to Hold Pittsburgh Regional

Conference. April 28-29

Public Funding

3 LaRouche Campaign Receives

Court-Ordered Public Funding

Audits

3 FEC Releases Reports on '92

Kerrey Campaign and Houston

Host Committee

Statistics

5 Off-Veal'Election Activity

Continues to Grow

5 1993 Year-End PAC Count

Compliance

5 FEC Publishes Nonfi lers

Reports

6 Election Dates Changed in South

Carolina and Florida

6 FEC Announces New Form for

48-Hour Notices

6 Advisory Opinions

Court Cases

7 FEC v. NRSC (93-16 12)

7 I ew Litigation

8 Index

Federa l Election Comm ission

Regulations

Revised "Best Efforts" Rules

Now Effective

March 3 was the effective date of

revis ed "best efforts" regulations on

the identification of contributors. A

committee ' s report s will be con idered to be in compliance with the

Federal Election Campaign Act (the

Act) when the treasurer can show

that "best efforts" were used to

obtain. maint ain and submit required information. 2 U.S.c.

§432(i ).

The revised regu lations specify

what steps must be taken to satisfy

the "best efforts" standard for

obt aining, mai ntain ing and reporting

the identifica tion of indiv iduals

whose contribut ion to the committee agg regate over $200 in a calendar year. (Identification means

name, mailing address, occupation

and ernplo yer.) The final rules

( I I CF R J04.7(b)) and the ir expla -

nation and justification were published in the Federal Register on

Oc tober 27. 1993 (58 FR 57725).

nder the rev ised rules, a committee can demonstrate "be st

efforts" by followi ng the reps

below.

Request contributor identification

in the initial solicitation. The

request for contributor information

must appear clea rly and conspicuVolume 20. Number 4

ously on the response card enclosed

in the solicitation and must inc lude

the followi ng stateme nt: "Federa l

law requires political committees to

report the name, mai ling address,

occupation and name of employer

for each individual who se contributions aggregate in excess of $200 in

a calendar year."

Mak e a follow-up request. if

necessary. Within 30 days of

receiving a solicited or unsolicited

contribution aggregating over $200

but lack ing required contributor

information, the committee must

make a written or oral request for

the missing information. The

request may not include an additiona l solicitation or material on

another subjec t but may thank the

contributor for the contribution. A

written request must include a preaddre ssed card or enve lope for the

response.

Report/he information. ore that

treasurers are requ ired to report

information that is not prov ided by

the contributor but that is available

in the committee 's records for the

two-year cycle, including its con -

tribu tor and fundrai sing records as

well as its previous reports.

File amendments 10 disclose

previously missing information. If

con tributor information doe s not

become ava ilable until after the

contributions have been reported.

the treasurer must e ither:

(continued on page 2)
1

Federal Effellon Commission RECORD

Regulations

(cominued f rom page I)

• Sub mit with the next report a

memo Schedu le A amendment

showing the additiona! information

rece ived du ring that repo rting

period; or

• File amendments to prev ious

repo rts thai itemized the origi nal

conlributions. The amendments

must be filed on or before the next

reporting da le.

Under eithe r optio n. the new

informa tion should be cros s referen ced to the previou s repo rt where

the contriburion was orig inally

itemized. Amended information is

required onl y for contributions

received during the current two-year

electio n cyc le. •

Federal Election Commiro.<;ion

999 E Strt't't. S W

Washington, DC 20463

800/424.9530

2021219-3420

2lPJ219·3336 (TOO)

Trev or Potter, Chairman

Dann y L. McDonald,

Vice Chairman

J oan D. Aikens, Commissioner

Lee Ann EJliou , CommissioneJ ohn w arren McGarry,

Commissioner

St oll E. Thomas, Commissioner

J ohn C. Surina, Staff Director

I.awrencl' :\1. Noble, General

Counsel

Published by the Information

Division

Louise D. wid es, Director

Stephanil' f itzgeral d, Editor

Comments Sought on Rules

Governing National Voter

Registratlon Form

The Co mm ission seeks comments

o n proposed rule s describing the

content and format of a national

mail -in voter registration form. The

creation of the form is One of the

Commission's responsib ilitie s under

the Na tio nal Voter Registration Act

(NVRA).' whic h was enacted to

increase the numbe r of regis tered

voters. The law will become effective January 2,1 995 , in most stales.

As an additional duty under the

NVRA. the agency mu st submit 10

Congress. every two years , a report

asse ssing the impact of the NVRA

and suggest ing improvements in

voter reg istra tion form s and proce -

d ures. The proposed rulernaking

seeks comments on the specific

voter registration data thai Slates

would have (0 subm it to the FEe in

order for the agency to eval uate

regisrranon activity for the Congressional report.

The Notice of Prop osed Rulemaking on the NVRA was published

in the Fed eral Register on March 10

(59 FR 112 11). T he deadline for

comments (which mu st be in

writi ng) is April I I. Th ey should be

sent to Susan E. Propper, Assistant

General Co unse l. 999 E Street NW,

Washi ngton. DC 20463.

In drafting the propo sed ru les. the

Commission co nsidered responses

to an advance rulema king notice ! as

well as information on stare laws

and proced ures compiled by [he

FEC's Nat iona l Clearinghou se on

Election Administration . •

I For a summary flh~ NVRA. su lhe

June 1993 Record.

1See the NOllemher 1993 issue.

Ap,-i1 /994

Conferences

\Vashington, DC, Candidate

Conference Rescheduled for

April 15

The February I I candidate

co nference. cancelled because of a

snow storm, has been rescheduled

for Apri l 15. It is open to new

registrants as well as those who had

reg istered for the ca nce lled conference .

The one-day conference is

des igned to help candidates and

the ir campa ign staff comply with

the fede ral electio n law . In addition.

participa nts will be briefed on

applica ble ta x. laws and Hou se and

Se nate rules by staff from the IRS

and the Con gre ssio nal ethics

committees. The Hatch ACI will be

co vered by a representative from the

Office of Special Co unsel.

If space allows. the FEC will

accept on-site registration s from

8:00-8 :30 the mornin g of the

conferenc e. A $ 10 late fee will be

added to the $105 registration fee .

(The late fee will be added to all

registration s rece ived after April I. )

The conference fee covers materials.

a continental breakfa st and lunch.

Th e conference will be held at the

Washin gton Hilton and Towers.

19 19 Connecticut Avenue, NW.

Washington. DC. 20009 (2021797.

5820). To receive the $ 125 per nigh t

group ra te for a single room. not ify

the hotel that yo u will be attending

the FEC conference.

For more information call the

FEC: 8001424·9530 ", 2021219.

3420. +
April 1994

FEC to Hold Pitts burgb

Regiona l Conference,

April 28-29

The FEC will hold a regiona l

con ference at the Pittsburgh Vista

Hotel on April 28-29. This is the last

regiona l confe rence for the 1994

e lectio n cycle.

The 11/2 day con ference will

fea ture workshops for candidates,

party committees and corporate and

labor PAC s. The workshops will be

presented by FEC Commissioners

and staff and tax experts from the

IRS.

The $1 15 reg istrat ion fee for the

confere nce covers three mea ls (two

continental breakfasts and a lunch)

and a reception. For more informa -

tion ca ll the FEC: 800/424-9530 or

202/219-3420 . •

Public Funding

La Rouche Campaign

Receives Court-O rdered

Public Funding

On Feb ruary 17 the Commission

complied with a court mandate to

certify Lyndon LaRouche as elig ible

to receive federal matching funds.

The agency certified a $ 100,000

threshold payme nt on February 22.

The campaign may request additional marchi ng funds on April I,

1994.

The FEC had originally den ied

Mr. LaRouche's reques t for match -

ing fu nds based on his past abuses

of the public funding law and his

criminal convictions for ma il fraud,

including fraudulent fundraising.

Ruling that the FEC did not have

sta tutory authority to de ny fede ral

funds on tha t basis, the U.S. Court

of Appeals for the District of

Columbia Circuit, on July 2, 1993,

instructed the agency to ce rtify the

candi date as el igible to receive

public funds.

Give n the appellate cou rt's

decision and the Supreme Court's

refusal to review that decisi on,' the

Commission cert ified the $100,000

payment. T he agency did not ce rtify

any interest payment despi te the

campaign's claim that it was ent itled

to interest accru ing since the July

co urt decision. The FEC said that

the cla im was not sup ported by

federa l law or court precedent. +

Audits

FEC Releases Audit Reports

on '92 Kerrey Campaign and

Houston I-Iost Committee

The Commission recently

released final aud it reports on two

committees active in the 1992

Presidential elections: the Kcrrcy for

President committee and the Houston Host Committee. The reports arc

summarized below. They are

avail able from the FEC's Public

Records Offic e.

Kcrrcy for Pr esident

Kcrrcy for President, the 1992

Presidential primary campaign of

Senator Bob Kerrey, rece ived $2.2

million in federal matc hing funds.

The final audit report, which was

released to the public on March 3,

included the Commission's initial

dete rminations that the campaign

repay to the U.S. Treasury:

- $ 1, 175 in outsta nding committee

checks never cashed by the payees;

aod

- $6,762 in profits ea rned through

overcharging the media for transportation and related services. (The

committee was a lso required to

I LaRouche I' . FEe. 996 F.2d 1263

(D,C. Cir. / 993). cen. denied. _ U.s.

-----' /14S.o. 550 (1993), See/he

September 1993 Recordfor a summary

of[ hi' appetloie court ruling.

Federal Election Commission RECO RD

refund $3,93 9 to the press organizations.)

The repayment amo unts will

become final if the campaign does

not challenge them within 30 days.

ln other findings, the audit report

con clud ed tha t the campaign:

- Accepted $5,238 in excessive

contribu tions result ing from its

failure to repay a staff member's

adva nces within the required time

frame ;

- Failed to report requi red information for numerous transactions but

later disclosed the missing information in amended reports: and

- Failed to adequate ly document

about $24,500 in disb ursements

but later submitted the required

documentation.

Hou ston Host Committee

As the site of the 1992 Repubtica n natio nal conve ntion. Houston

establ ished the host committee to

encourage commerce and to project

a favorable image of the city to

convention participants. Unlike

conven tion committees. host

commit tees do not receive public

funds but must undergo an FEe

aud it. The fina l audit report on the

Ho uston Host Committee was

released on January 5.

The report consisted of the

following findings:

- The committee accepted apparently prohibited dona tions total ing

$42,680 from businesses located

outside the Houston metropolitan

area.

<T he committee insufficiently

documented in-kind dona tions but

later demonstrated that the dona -

tions were used for permissible

host com mittee activities.

- The committee failed to disclosure

about $930,200 in debts and

ob ligations. In Februa ry 1993, the

committee filed amended reports

disclosing the debts. •

3
Federal ElecliOIl Commission RECO RD April 1994

House and Senate Campaign Activity in Year Before Election

(in millions of dollars)

200 r- - - - - - - - -

175

150 f--- - - - - - t

125

100

25

87 89 91

Receipts

93 87 89 91 93

Disbursements

87 89 91 93

Cash on Hand

87 89 91 93

Contributions and Loans

from the Candidate

45 -

151- - - - -

20 -

25 -

10=-

50,- - - - -

30

35

40

87 89 91 93

Contributions from PACs

and Other Committees

-

fI""""""""" r1-- ILP-1

r--

- ,- ,- I-

- i- i- -

o

20

40

50

30

10

87 89 91 93

Contributions from

Individuals

20

40

10

Democratic and Republican House Campaigns: Fundraising in Yea.' Before Election

(in millions of dollars)

50

4
April /994 Fedemt Election Commission RECORD

Compliance

I Nonconne cted PACs must use their own f unds to pay [undraising and adnunistranve expenses. while the othrr categories oj PAC. hav e co rporate or labo r " COIl'

nec ted or!<(lllizariO/ls" that a re permiued to pay those expenses for their PACs. 011

the other hand, nonconnected PAC. may solicit contributions fro m the gene ral

pubtic. while soticuauons hy corporate and labor PACs (Ire resmctea.

Office Sought

Trade/ Cor p. w/o

Member/ Coop- Ca pital NonYear Corpora te Labor Health erauve Stock connected I Tota l

1984 1,682 394 698 52 130 1,053 4,009

1985 1,710 388 695 54 142 1,003 3,992

1986 1,744 384 745 56 151 1,077 4,157

1987 1,775 364 865 59 145 957 4,165

1988 1.816 354 786 59 138 1,1 15 4,268

1989 1,796 349 777 59 137 1,060 4, 178

1990 1,795 346 774 59 136 1.062 4. 172

1991 1.738 338 742 57 136 1,083 4,094

1992 1,735 347 770 56 142 1,145 4, 195

1993 1,789 337 76 1 56 146 1,121 4,2 10

Candidate Conumuee

fEC Publishes Non!ilers

The ca ndidate committees listed below failed to file required campaign

financ e reports. The list is based 011 the FEC pre ss releases of March 4 and

March I I . The Commission is requ ired by law to publicize the names of

nonfiling authorized committees. 2 U.S.c. §438(a)(7 ). The age ncy pursue s

enforcement actions against nonfilers on a case-by -case basis. •

Report

I\ot Filed

1993 Year-End PAC Count

At the end of J993, the number of federa lly reg istered PACs had grown to

4,210, an increase of 185 PACs since the last count was taken six months

ago. However, when comparing year-end 1992 and 1993 PAC counts, 1993

showed an increase of onl y IS PACs.

The table below listing year-end PAC cou nts shows that the total num ber

of PACs has remained relatively stable over the last 10 years, with the

greatest fluctuation in 1986 , when the PAC tota l grew by 165.

The number of PACs doe s not necessarily correspond with financial

activity, since many reg istered PACs have little or no activity.

For statistics on semiannual PAC counts taken sinc e 1975, ord er the FEC

press relea se of February II, 1994. Call 800/424-9530 (ask for Public

Records) or 202/219-4140. +

Year- End PAC Counts. J984-199.'

Statistics

Off-Year Election Activity

Continues to Grow

During l 993, an off-election

year, 1994 House and Senate

campaigns raised 7 percent more

and spent 15 percent more than

candidates did in 1991. While these

increases in early campaign finance

activ ity have recurred in the past

four cyc les (see first graph), they do

not necessarily mean that the growth

will continue over the entire cy cle.

The boost in 1993 activ ity

fo llows a 40 percent growth in

Congressional spending during

ele ction cyc le 1992 , when Con gressional redistricting and incumbent

departures resul ted in con siderably

rnore House challengers and openseat candidates than in previous

cycles.

The depart ure of several Members of Congress in the 1994

ele ction cycle has similarly created

a large number of open -seat races,

although the total for the cyc le is

expected to fall short of the l 992

total.

The small graph s compare the

sources of funds raised by Democra tic and Republican House and

Senate candidates in off-election

yea rs. The graphs show that , in

1993. campaigns relied more

heavil y on contributions from

individuals and from the candidate

than campaigns had in previous

cycles.

Allthe graphs are based on the

February 15 FEC press relea se,

which lists the 1993 campaign

finance data of 1994 House and

Senate candidates and compares that

activity with past off-electio n years.

To order the press release, call 8001

4 24-9530 (ask for Public Records)

or 2021219-4140. +

Geraldine A. Sam for U.S. Congress

Win Committee for Bonnie Abbott

Eddie Bernice Johnson for Congress

Citizens for Huff in Congress

House, TX/09

House, TXIl 5

House, T X/30

House. ILl08

Pre-primary

Pre-primary

Pre-primary

Pre-primary

5
Federal Election Commission RECORD

Reports

Election Dates Changed in

South Carolina and Florida

South Carolina and Florida

recently rescheduled their e lections

as follows:

• South Carolina primary: August 9

(previously June 14);

• SOUlh Carolina runoff: August 23

(previously June 21);

• Florida primary: September 8

(previously Septembe r 6, Rosh

Hashanah);

• Florida runoff: October 4 (no

cha nge).

The ballot access filing deadli ne

for the South Carolina primary has

been changed to Jun e 15 (noon);

there is no change to the Florida

ballo t access deadline (May 13,

noon).

The pre-election reporting

deadlines for these elections arc

show n in the table. For more

information on 1994 reporting

req uireme nts, see the January issue

or order the 1994 reporti ng handout

(ca ll 800/424 ·9530 or 2021219·

3420). +

FEe Announces New Form

for 48-Hour Notices

The Commission recently sent

each registered cand idate committee

a copy of FEC Form 6, a new form

to be used for 48-hour notices.

Candidate committees must file

these special notices to disclose

contributions of $ 1,000 or more

(including contributions and loans

from the cand idate) received less

than 20 days, but more than 48 -

hours, befor e election day . I I CFR

104.5.

Forty-e ight hour notices must be

received by the federal and state

filing offices within 48-ho urs of the

co mmittee's rece ipt of the contribution. Because the treas urer's signature is not required, 48 -hour notices

may be faxed. (Other reports and

statemen ts, however, may not be.)

Committees are free 10 use Form

6 or 10 disclose the information in a

leiter. Form 6, like all FEC forms,

may be photocopied to make

additional blank forms . •

April 199.1

Advisory

Opinions

AO 1993-24

Definition of Member

The National Rifle Association of

America (NRA), an incorporated

membership group, has severa l

classes of membership, but only

individuals belongi ng to two of

those classes are consi dered "members" under recently revised regulations at II CFR 114.1(e). Only

those two groups, therefore, are

elig ible to rece ive PAC solicitations

and partisan comm unicatio ns from

NRA.

NRA as " Members hip

Associa tio n"

Under the new "member" regulations, NRA q ualifies as a "membership association" becau se it:

( I) provides for members in its

articles and bylaws; (2) seeks

members (it distributes promotional

membership materials that include

an application form); and (3) acknowledges the acceptance of

membersh ip (it sends new members

a members hip card or certi ficate ).

11CFR 114.1(e)(I).

Revised Repo rting Da tes for Florida a nd South Ca r olina

Pre-Primary a nd Pre-Runoff Reports

RegJCert.

Close of 1\lailing Filing

Election Day Books' Date 2 Date 2

South Carolina Aug. 9 Primary July 20 July 25 July 28

Aug. 23 Runoff Aug. 3 Aug. 8 Aug. II

Florida Sept. 8 Primary Aug. 19 Aug. 24 Aug. 27 \

Oct. 4 Runoff Sept. 14 Sept. 19 Sept. 22

/ The date indicates sheend ofthe reporting period.

1 Reports sent by registered or ce rtified mail must be postmarked by the mailing

date . Ofherwise they must be received by the filing date.

1August 27 is a Saturday, when fi ling offices are closed. Florida pre-primary

reports must therefore reach the federal and Florida Slate filing offices hy Friday,

Augllst 26, unless they are sent registered or certified, in which case they must be

postmarked no later than AugU.H 24.

6

Definition of M ember

The new reg ulations list the

req uirements necessary for persons

to qua lify as "members" of a

members hip assoc iatio n. Under

II CFR 114.2(e)(2), members must

affirmatively respond to the invita -

tio n to join (a ll NRA members

appear to mee t this requirement) and

must satisfy one of the followi ng

three requ irements:

I. Members must have some

significant financi al attachment

to the association beyo nd the

payment of dues (voting rights

not required); or

2. They must pay regular dues and

have the right to vote for at least

one member of the highest

governing body of the associa tion
April/ 994

or for those who select at least

one member of that body; or

3. They must have the right to vote

for all of those on the highest

governing body. II CFR

11 4.1(e)(2)(i)-O ii).

RA 's Nonvoting Memb ership

Annual membersI pay dues of

$20 and $25 a year, depending on

the membership class, but they lack

voting rights and therefore fail to

satisfy requirements 2 and 3. No r do

they meet requirement I. since an

annual membership fee does not. by

itself, represent a "significant

financial attachment." Consequently, they are not "members" for

purposes of receiving NRA PAC

solicitations and partisan communications.'

:\IRA's Voting Membershi p

KRA's voting classes consist of

two major groups: Individuals who

have remained annual members

more than five consecutive years;

and various types of lifetime

members (i.e.• those who make a

oneti me dues payment of $500 or

more). These members have the

power to vote for t\ RA's highest

governing body, the board of

directors . Beca use of their dues

obligation and extensive voting

rights, these individuals meet the

definition of "member" under both

requirements 2 and 3. Honorary

I The f ollowing membershi p classes are

annual members (abO/a two-thirds of

NRA 's tota l membership ): adult

members. a.5.lociwe members (spo uses

ofa/her members), junior members

(under 21) and senior members (OI'er

65).

II a 1984 enforcement case (M UR

1765), the Commission had de/ermined

thOiNRA ',' solicitation ofin nonvoting

members was permissible. However.

severe! odl'isory opinions issue d after

that decision , but years bef ore the new

regulations beca me law, limited

salicua uons 10 voting members only.

See, for example. Advisory Opinions

/988-38. /987-/3 and /984-33.

mem bers, who are elected by the

board to receive free lifetime

memberships with full voting rights,

qualify as members under requirement 3.

Date Issued: February 3, 1994:

Length: 9 pages plus a-page concurring opinion filed by Commissioner

Joan D. Aikens and 22-page dissenting opinion filed by Commissioner

Lee Ann ElIio11 . •

Advisory Opinion Requests

The advisory opinion requests

(AORs) listed below are available

for review and comment in the

FEe's Public Records Office.

AOR 1994·J

Company's plan to match PAC

contributions with charitable

donations in twice-yearly solicitation of expanded class. (EnviroSource. Inc.; March J. 1994;

2 pages plus 12-page attachment)

AO R [994-4

Definition of member applied to

organization's various membership

classes. (U.S. Chamber of Commerce; March 14, 1994; 10 pages

plus 43-page attachment) •

Court Cases

FEC v, NRSC (93·1612)

On February 8. 1994. the U.S.

District Court for the District of

Columbi a ordered this case

reopened. The court had dismissed

the suit in November 1993, based on

a recent appellate court holding that

the FEe's composition was

unconstitutional and that the agency

therefore lacked authority to bring

an enforcement action. FEC v. NRA

Political Victory Fund (NRA),

6 F.3d 8211D.C. CiL 1993).

In NRA, the coun of appeals held

that the presence of the two ConFnl(l"al Ek c/lon Commission Rt:CORD

gressicnally appointed, nonvoting

Commissioners W 'CSecretary of the

Senate and the Clerk of the House)

in an independent agency violated

the Constitution's separation of

powers. However. based on a

severability clause in the Federal

Election Campaign Act (2 V.S.c.

§454), the court concluded that "the

unconstitutional ex offic io member -

ship provision can be severed" from

the statute. permitting a reconstituted Commission to continue to

operate.

Immediately following the NRA

ruling. the FEC reconstituted itself

as a six-member body entirely

composed of Commissioners

appointed by the President. To

ensure uninterrupted enforcement of

the law, the newly constituted

agency ratified its earlier findings in

enforcement cases and authorized

ongoing litigation.' including FEC

v. NRSC. (The FEC' s complaint,

which alleged that the National

Republican Senatorial Committee

exceeded the contribution limits. is

summarized in the June 1993

Record.)

Due to the FEC's remedia l

actions, the district court reversed its

earlier decision that NRA was a

basis for dismissal. The remaining

assertions in t\RSC's motion to

dismiss are now pending before the

court. •

New Litigati on

FEe v. Mi chigan Republican

State Committee

The FEe claims that the Michigan Republican State Committee,

the federal account of the Michigan

Republican Party. and its treasurer:

• Knowingly accepted contributions

thai exceeded the limits by a t01a1

(continued on page 8)

I For summary of the NRA decision and

the FEC 's response , see the Decem ber

1993 inaI'.
Federal Election Commission RECORD

Court Cases

(continued fr om page 7)

of $5.550. a violation of 2 U. .c.

§44Ia(f);

• Depo ited $35.655 in nonfederal

funds transferred by the Republican National Committee, a violation of II CFR 102.5; and

• Spent $8.298 in excess of the

§44I a(d) party expenditure limit

for the party's nominee in the 1984

U.S. Senate race in Michigan. a

violation of 2 U.S.c. §441a(f).

The FEC asks the court to assess

a civil penalty against defendants

and order them to tran fer the

misdeposited fund to the nonfederal account of the Michigan

Republican Party. The agency also

asks that the court permanently

enjoin defendants from committing

similar violations again.

U.S. District Court for the

We tern District of Michigan. Civil

Action o. 5:94-CV-27. February

17. 1994. +

FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION

999 E Street, NW

Washington, DC 20463

Official Business

*Printed on recycled paper

Index

The fir t number in each citation

refer to the "number" (month) of

the 1994 Record issue in which the

article appeared. The second number.

following the colon. indicates the

page number in that issue. For

example. " 1:4" means that the

article is in the January issue on

page 4.

Advisory Opinions

1993-18: Corporate plan to foster

political participation. 2:I

1993-19: Retiring 1984 Presidential

debt. I:13

1993-20: Purchase and distribution

of candidate biography. 2:3

1993-2 1: Preemption of Ohio law.

2:4

1993-22: Use of excess funds by

retired House Member. 3:5

1993-23: PAC disaffiliation. 3:6

1993-24: Definition of member. 4:6

1993-25: Preemption of state law

restricting contributions from

lobbyists, 3:6

April /994

Court Cases

FECv. __

- Michigan Republican Slate

Committee. 4:7

- I ational Republican Senatorial

Committee (93-16 12). I: 12; 4:7

- Survival Education Fund. Inc.• 3:1

- Williams. 1:1 2

v. FEC

- Center for Responsive Politics.

1:12

- Freedom Republicans, lnc., 3:3

- Froelich, 2:2

- LaRouche (92-1100), I :12

Reports

April. 3:I

Oklahoma special. 3:7

ScheduIe for 1994. 1:4; correction.

2:1

- change in Florida and South

Carolina election dates, 4:6

800 Line rticles

Registration by candidates and their

committees. 1:1 4

Bulk Rate Mail

Postage and Fees Paid

Federal Election Commission

Permit Number G-31