HOWARD E. EVA Bredin-ArchboldSmithsonian Biological

f Survey of Dominica:

Be thy hide a

Hymenoptera)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 3

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO

ZOOLOGY

NUMBER 3

Howard E. Evans Bredin-ArchboldSmithsonian Biological

Survey of Dominica:

Bethyloidea

(Hymenoptera)

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1969
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ABSTRACT

Two families of Bethyloidea are known to occur on Dominica: Bethylidae and

Dryinidae. The family Bethylidae is represented by 19 species, of which 13 are here

described as new. The two genera most commonly collected and containing the largest

number of species are Parasierola and Goniozus; each genus contains 5 species on

Dominica, and keys are presented for separating these species. The remaining genera

are Apenesia and Dissomphalus (3 species each) and Pseudisobrachium, Anisepyris,

and Holepyris (1 species each). Of the 19 species, only 6 are known to occur on other

islands, one of these also on continental South America. The family Dryinidae is represented by one species of Mesodryinus and one species of Prodryinus, both described

as new and both so far as known restricted to Dominica.

Virtually the only important reports on the smaller

Hymenoptera of the Lesser Antilles are the two papers

of Ashmead (1894, 1895) on the fauna of St. Vincent

and of Grenada, both based on material collected by

H. H. Smith many years ago. Ashmead introduced his

second paper with the comment that the many new

forms described "admirably illustrate the wonderful

richness of the West Indian fauna, and the amount of

work yet to be done before sufficient data will have

been accumulated to afford a basis for a safe generalization upon the distribution of these insects." That this

statement is as true today as it was over 70 years ago

is a reflection of the undersupport of basic taxonomic

studies of this remarkable fauna, a deficiency now in

small part remedied by the Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian survey of Dominica.

Only two families of Bethyloidea are known to

occur on Dominica: Bethylidae and Dryinidae. The

former is represented by an unusual number of minute

species (19), the latter by only two known species.

The well-known family Chrysididae is apparently absent, perhaps a reflection of the relatively small number

of wasps and bees occurring on Dominica, for most

chrysidids are parasites of these insects. Dryinidae attack leafhoppers and planthoppers, Bethylidae the

larvae of small beetles and moths. Both of the dryinids

and the majority of the bethylids appear to be endemic

to Dominica, although further collecting on neighboring islands may demonstrate that they occur there also.

Parasierola nigrifemur Ashmead, which is a common

bethylid at low altitudes on Dominica, is known to be

Howard E. Evans, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.

widely distributed in the West Indies and South

America, and it is possible that some of the other species

taken in coastal localities will prove to be widely distributed. The fact that most species are known from only

a few specimens, often of only one sex, suggests that

we have by no means "reached the bottom" of the

surprisingly large bethylid fauna of Dominica.

The arrangement of genera follows my recent

Synopsis of the American Bethylidae (Evans, 1964).

Abbreviations used in this paper are listed below:

STRUCTURES

HE height of eye (maximum, lateral view)

LFW length of forewing

LH length of head (apical margin of clypeus to median

vertex crest)

OOL ocello-ocular line (minimum distance from eye to

lateral ocellus)

WF width of front (measured at its minimum point)

WH width of head (maximum, including eyes)

WOT width of ocellar triangle (including lateral ocelli)

INSTITUTIONS

MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,

Massachusetts

USNM United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.

Family BETHYLIDAE

Genus Apenesia Westwood

This genus exhibits much structural diversity, and

some species grade into each of the other genera of

Pristocerinae. The genus is cosmopolitan in distribution, with approximately 70 known species in the

Western Hemisphere. Only three species have pre1
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

viously been known from the West Indies, each from

a single specimen (a male from Cuba and females

from Jamaica and Dominica). I have collected two

additional species on Dominica, each represented by

only one or two males. Both belong to the Dissomphaloides species-group and are, in fact, basically nothing

but Dissomphalus without pits on the second tergite

and with unusually hairy eyes. The "female species"

described from Dominica is a reasonably typical

Apenesia and appears too large to belong with either

of the males.

Apenesia dominica Evans, 1963

Described from a single female collected at Roseau

by F. Lutz (no date given) (type in MCZ, no. 30445).

This specimen is 3.2 mm long, apterous, and wholly

castaneous; it is a distinctive species by virtue of the

four-toothed mandibles and the fact that the propodeum is about as wide in front of the constriction as

behind it. The male of this species has yet to be

discovered.

Apenesia flaviscapus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $ , Dominica: Dleau Gommier, 1400

feet, 2 March 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM 70028).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TYPE.—Length 2.3 mm; LFW

2.0 mm. Head and thorax dark brownish fuscous,

abdomen also of this color except first two segments

suffused with light brown on the sides; mandibles and

sides of clypeus testaceous; first two antennal segments bright flavotestaceous, remainder of antenna

dark brown; legs wholly testaceous; wings slightly

dusky, the veins and stigma dark brown; discoidal vein

represented by a long, dark brown streak interstitial

with media. Mandibles slender, with a large apical

tooth and three very small teeth just above it (Figure

7) ; clypeus well developed in front of antennal sockets,

the median line with a strong carina, which is weakly

arched in profile (Figure 11). Scape long, first four

antennal segments in a ratio of about 3:1:1:1, segment

three 1.5 times as long as wide, segment 11 about twice

as long as wide; flagellar pubescence pale, erect, setulae

nearly or quite as long as width of flagellum. Eyes

protuberant, quite strongly hairy; head about as wide

as high; front narrow, WF 1.1 XHE; distance from

eye tops to vertex crest about .6 times HE. Ocelli small,

front angle of ocellar triangle less than a right angle,

OOL 1.2XWOT.

Front and thoracic dorsum weakly alutaceous, moderately shining, all punctures shallow and inconspicuous; pronotum short, disc not margined in front;

notauli present on anterior .7 of mesoscutum; propodeal disc margined by a transverse carina behind, the

disc about as long as wide, median carina nearly complete, basal triangle reticulate but disc smooth and

polished posterolaterally. Abdomen polished, the first

segment subpetiolate, the second tergite with no evidence of pits or other modifications.

PARATYPE.—One g , same data as type [MCZ].

VARIATION.—The paratype is of the same size as the

type and resembles it very closely. The head is slightly

more elongate, being produced somewhat further above

the eye tops; WH is .98 X LH, OOL 1.3 X WOT.

REMARKS.—The name flaviscapus is to be treated as

a noun in apposition to the generic name and the ending is thus not subject to change.

Apenesia caribbeana, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $ , Dominica: 2 miles S of mouth of

Layou River, 13 February 1965, H. E. Evans; sweeping mango tree along road near beach (USNM 70029).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TYPE.—Length 1.6 mm; LFW

1.4 mm. Dark brownish fuscous; mandibles and clypeus

testaceous; antennae dark brown except second segment and apical fourth of scape testaceous; legs light

yellowish brown, the femora and tibiae somewhat

darker than the remainder; wings hyaline, veins and

stigma brown, discoidal vein elongate and well pigmented, interstitial with media. Mandibles tridentate

(Figure 8) ; clypeus well developed in front of antennal

sockets, with a small angulate projection medially but

only very weakly produced laterad of this, the median

line with a carina which is not arched in profile (Figure 12). First four antennal segments in a ratio of about

22:9:10:9, segment 3 slender, about twice as long as

wide, segment 11 more barrel-shaped, also about twice

as long as wide; flagellar pubescence semierect, setulae

mostly slightly shorter than width of flagellum. Eyes

strongly hairy, rather small, distance from eye tops to

vertex crest subequal to eye height; head higher than

wide, WH .94XLH; WF 1.35 X HE. Ocelli in a compact triangle far above eye tops, OOL 1.33 X WOT.

Front and thoracic dorsum alutaceous, moderately

shining, obscurely punctate; pronotum rather long, the

disc with a weak transverse carina anteriorly; notauli

complete; propodeal disc elongate, only .88 times as

wide as long, margined behind and laterally, but the
NUMBER 3

median carina extending only .7 the length of the disc;

basal triangle reticulate, but disc smooth and shining

behind. Abdomen polished, short-petiolate, the second

tergite with no evidence of pits or other modifications.

REMARKS.—This minute species is known from a

single specimen. Its closest relative is probably A.

flaviscapus, but it differs from that species in many

features, particularly the mandibles, clypeus, head

shape, notauli, pronotum, and propodeal sculpturing.

Genus Dissomphalus Ashmead

This large genus appears to be well represented in the

Lesser Antilles. Ashmead described four species from

St. Vincent (1894) and recorded three of these also

from Grenada (1895). Of the three species known

from Dominica, one is apparently identical to

one of Ashmead's species, the other two previously

undescribed.

Dissomphalus politus Ashmead, 1894

Described from two males from St. Vincent (type

USNM 2497). One specimen closely similar to the

type was collected at 2000 feet elevation, 1.7 miles E of

Pont Casse, Dominica, 4-11 March 1965, H. E. Evans

(USNM). This species is at once separable from the

two described below by virtue of its very slender build,

polished, barely alutaceous front and thoracic dorsum,

and very long and slender antennae (segment eleven

2.2 times as long as wide).

Dissomphalus caviclypeus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $ , Dominica: Dleau Gommier, 1400

feet, 2 March 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM 70030).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TYPE.—Length 2.3 mm;

LFW 1.9 mm. Head and thorax black, abdomen dark

castaneous, indistinctly banded with light brown; mandibles testaceous; first three antennal segments light

brown, remainder of antennae dark brown; legs wholly

testaceous; wings hyaline, veins and stigma brown, discoidal vein present as a brown streak continuous with

median vein. Mandibles with three strong apical teeth

(Figure 9) ; clypeus large, tridentate medially, the disc

slightly elevated basad of the two lateral teeth, leaving

a bowl-shaped concavity basad of the more acute median tooth (Figure 13). Antennae very short, first four

segments in a ratio of about 13:5:3:3, segments 3 and

11 both barely longer than wide; flagellar pubescence

erect, setulae slightly shorter than width of flagellum.

Eyes with scattered short setae; distance from eye tops

to level of vertex equal to about two-thirds the eye

height; head distinctly higher than wide, WH .93 X

LH; front narrow, WF 1.15 X HE. Ocelli in a compact, right triangle, OOL 1.15XWOT. Front and thoracic dorsum moderately alutaceous, somewhat shining; front covered with shallow punctures separated by

1.0-1.5 times their own diameters; pronotum short,

rather indistinctly punctate, the disc margined in

front by a transverse carina; mesoscutum obscurely

punctate, the notauli linear, complete. Propodeal disc

1.1 times as wide as long, margined laterally and behind, the median carina extending about .8 the length

of the disc; basal triangle reticulate, posterior part of

disc merely alutaceous.

Abdomen polished, rather broad as compared to D.

politus; first tergite with a short basal groove; second

tergite with the pits very small, consisting merely of

minute dorsolateral opaque spots, each giving rise to a

short, thick seta; these spots are not distinctly rimmed

or set in a depression, nor are they flanked by setae.

PARATYPE.—1 $ , Dominica: 15 miles N of Pont

Casse, 1200 feet, 12-25 February 1965, H. E. Evans

(MCZ).

VARIATION.—The paratype is very slightly larger

than the type (LFW 2.0 mm) but identical to it in

color, sculpture, and standard measurements.

Dissomphalus archboldi, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $ , Dominica: Dleau Gommier, 1400

feet, H. E. Evans (USNM 70031).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TYPE.—Length 1.9 mm;

LFW 1.7 mm. Head and thorax dark brownish fuscous,

abdomen dark brown, shining, somewhat paler on

sides of basal segments; mandibles and basal two antennal segments testaceous, remainder of antenna medium brown; legs wholly pale testaceous; wings hyaline, discoidal vein present as a strong brown streak

continuous with median vein. Mandibles quadridentate (much as in Figure 7) ; clypeus with a sharply defined median carina that is arched in profile and terminates in a small median tooth, the apical margin

otherwise slightly sinuate but without other teeth (Figure 14).

Antennae short, first four segments in a ratio of

about 13:5:3:3, segments 3 and 11 both approximately as long as wide; flagellar pubescence semierect, setulae .5-.6 as long as width of flagellum. Eyes
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

glabrous, not strongly protuberant; vertex broadly

rounded off a short distance above eye tops; head

about as wide as high; eyes converging below, WF

barely exceeding HE. Front angle of ocellar triangle

slightly less than a right angle, OOL 1.2 X WOT.

Front and thorax dorsum alutaceous although moderately shining, punctures shallow and ill-defined;

pronotum short, about 1.4 times as wide as long,

margined by a delicate carina behind, its median carina

extending about .8 the length of the disc; basal triangle

reticulate, posterior portion smooth and polished.

Abdomen subpetiolate, the first tergite with a short

median, basal groove; second tergite with a pair of

small dorsolateral pits having raised margins and bearing a small central pencil of setae; abdomen with

several strong setae toward the tip dorsally.

REMARKS.—This species is named for John Archbold, in whose guesthouse at Clarke Hall I spent a

very pleasant six weeks in February and March 1965.

It is known from a single specimen having many

features in common with the preceding, but differing

considerably in the conformation of the clypeus,

pronotum, and propodeum as well as in having the

tergal pits slightly larger and with raised rims.

Genus Pseudisobrachium Kieffer

This difficult genus is known from the Lesser

Antilles from two species described by Ashmead from

males from St. Vincent; I have also seen males of

another, undescribed species from that island. The

three males collected on Dominica show a fair amount

of variation among themselves and as compared to

St. Vincent material, but they are tentatively assigned

to Ashmead's species P. albipes. A single female from

Dominica is also assigned here tentatively.

Pseudisobrachium albipes (Ashmead), 1894

Males have been collected at two forested localities

near the center of Dominica: 1 3,1.5 miles N of Pont

Casse, about 1200 feet, 12-25 February 1965, H. E.

Evans (USNM) ; 2 $ <$ , 1.7 miles E of Pont Casse,

about 2000 feet, 4-12 March 1965, H. E. Evans, W. W.

Wirth (USNM, MCZ). These males differ from the

type of P. albipes in their larger size (LFW 2.3-2.6

mm) and somewhat darker antennae, the flagellum

being dark brown, the scape varying from light to

medium brown. The male collected by Wirth has

somewhat more slender antennae than the other two,

and the front and thoracic dorsum are more shining.

The mandibles are shown in Figure 10.

A single female has been collected at Long Ditton,

Dominica, 21 June 1911 (no collector given) (US

NM). This female is 3.4 mm long and is light castaneous, the appendages testaceous; the eyes consist of a

single fairly large, convex, whitish lens; the mandibles

are tridentate; the head measures 1.25 times as long

as wide and is nearly parallel-sided; the front is covered

with strong, well-spaced punctures, between which it

is weakly alutaceous. The female runs out fairly well to

P. ashmeadi in my key (1961), but it is larger, the

basal mandibular tooth is somewhat stronger, the eyes

are larger and much more conspicuous, and the head

is more elongate. However, the structure of both sexes

suggests that P. albipes belongs to the same speciesgroup as P. ashmeadi.

Genus Anisepyris Kieffer

This genus is represented in the Greater Antilles by

several large, brilliantly colored species. The one

species known from Dominica is apparently a derivative of the Greater Antillean fauna, its closest known

relative being A. darlingtoni Evans, from Hispaniola.

Anisepyris insularis, described by Ashmead, 1894, from'

St. Vincent, is the only other Anisepyris known from

the Lesser Antilles; it has its closest relatives in South

America (including Trinidad) and Central America.

Anisepyris dominicanus Evans, 1966

Described from a single female taken June-July 1913

by H. W. Foote of the Yale University Expedition,

without locality data other than "Dominica" (USNM

68993). I searched for this species in vain during my

six weeks on Dominica, but recently R. J. Gagne took

a male Anisepyris of the appropriate size and color,

which unquestionably represents the male dominicanus.

It was taken one mile north of the junction of the roads

to Rosalie and Castle Bruce, 29 March 1966. It will

run to the aurichalceus group (couplet 38) in the key

I presented in 1966, rather than to the excisus group

where it properly belongs, since the scrobes are not

carinate and the propodeal angles not clearly foveolate.

The males of both of these groups are poorly known,

and the groups evidently cannot be separated on the

characters I used. I append a short description of the

male A. dominicanus.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE (PLESIALLOTYPE).—Length
NUMBER 3

4.5 mm; LFW 3.3 mm. Black; head and thoracic

dorsum with very strong coppery to rose reflections,

sides of thorax olive-green and coppery, front and hind

femora and all coxae with blue-green reflections; propodeum greenish above; mandibles mostly dark; scape

black, with greenish reflections, flagellum wholly dark

brown; tibiae testaceous, tarsi somewhat darker; wings

somewhat clouded, especially apically. Antennal tubercles very prominent, but scrobes not carinate; antennae extremely slender and elongate, segment 3 extremely minute, segments 4 and 11 each about 5 times

as long as wide. Head about as wide as high, the eyes

large, strongly hairy; WF 1.2XHE; ocelli slightly enlarged, in a compact triangle, OOL slightly exceeding

WOT. Front rather strongly alutaceous, punctures

small, somewhat crowded toward center of front.

Thoracic dorsum also strongly alutaceous, rather obscurely punctate; propodeal disc slightly wider than

long, with several longitudinal carinae arising from

the base and connected by transverse ridges; posterior

angles not foveolate.

Genus Holepyris Kieffer

This genus has received no modern revision. Fortunately, only one species has been taken on Dominica,

and there seems little question that these specimens are

conspecific with a species described from St. Vincent.

Holepyris incertus (Ashmead), 1894

Described from five males from St. Vincent (type,

USNM 2491). Three males have been taken at moderate elevations on Dominica: 1 $ , South Chiltern,

1600 feet, 19 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM) ;

1 $ , 1.5 mi. N of Pont Casse, 1200 feet, 12-25 February 1965, H. E. Evans (MCZ) ; 1 $ , 1.7 mi. E of Pont

Casse, 2000 feet, 4-11 March 1965, H. E. Evans

(USNM).

Genus Parasierola Cameron

This genus contains no less than five species on

Dominica, two of them by far the commonest bethylids

on the island. Only one of the species (P. silvestris,

new species) has been taken in the central parts of the

island; all of the others appear confined to localities

near the coast, and since one (P. nigrifemur Ashmead)

is known to have a wide distribution in the neotropics,

it seems possible that some or all of the three remaining

species do also. I have not been able to demonstrate

that this is the case, however, and they are here described as new.

Parasierola nigrifemur (Ashmead), 1894

Described from St. Vincent from two specimens

(type, USNM 2498). Later recorded by Ashmead

(1895) from Grenada and by Ogloblin (1960) from

Argentina; the latter has provided a very detailed description. In the USNM collections there are specimens from Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Barbados,

Nevis, Puerto Rico, and Cuba, and I have collected

the species on St. Croix, St. John, and Antigua. The

Bishop Museum, Honolulu, has a pair from British

Guiana. Known hosts include Pectinophora gossypiella

(Saund.) and Evetria buoliana (Schiff.), both microlepidopterous pest species.

This is a common wasp along the coast of Dominica.

Records are as follows: 7 9 9, Clarke Hall, February

and March 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM); 4 9 9,

13 S S, mouth of Layou River, 5-13 March 1965,

H. E. Evans (USNM, MCZ) ; 1 9, 4 miles NE of

Salisbury, 17 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM).

Parasierola wirthi, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 9, Dominica: Hillsborough Est., 15

March 1965, W. W. Wirth (USNM 70032).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 2.5 mm;

LFW 1.8 mm. Black; mandibles black except tips

rufous; antennae testaceous except flagellum gradually

infuscated, the apical half quite dark; legs bright

testaceous except front femora suffused with brown

along anterior margin; wings hyaline, veins amber except subcosta, prostigma, and stigma dark brown.

Mandibles with four apical teeth; clypeus angularly

projecting, with a high, strongly arching median ridge

that is continued up the front as an elevated line

opposite the lower quarter of the eyes. First four

antennal segments in a ratio of about 10:4:3:3, segments 3 and 11 each barely longer than thick. Eyes

large, forming strongly convex lateral margins of the

head; WH .92XLH; front narrow, WF .98XHE;

ocelli in a broad, flat triangle, posterior ocelli very

close to vertex crest; OOL = WOT (FIGURE 1). Front

alutaceous, moderately shining, with shallow but welldefined punctures separated by 2-4 times their own

diameters. Pronotum alutaceous, sparsely punctate, its

posterior margin weakly sinuate medially; mesoscutum
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Key to the Species of Parasierola from Dominica

FEMALES

1. Front angle of ocdlar triangle at least a right angle (Figures 1, 3); OOL at most 1.5XWOT;

propodeal disc separated from declivity by a carina (except medially); clypeus narrowly

protuberant, somewhat angulate 2

Front angle of ocellar triangle much less than a right angle (as in Figure 2); OOL 2.0-2.5XWOT;

propodeal disc not separated from declivity by a carina (except sometimes on extreme sides);

clypeus broadly rounded 4

2. Head elongate, more or less parallel-sided, WH about .78XLH (Figure 3); front angle of ocellar

triangle about a right angle; distance from eye tops to vertex crest nearly equal to eye height.

P. layouana, new species

Head only slightly longer than high, WH .83-.93XLH, the sides of the head strongly convex

(Figure 1); ocelli in a very broad, obtuse triangle; distance from eye tops to vertex crest much

less than eye height 3

3. Coxae and femora fuscous; WF exceeding HE in most specimens; front femora strongly incrassate,

about 1.8 times as long as their maximum width P. nigrifemur (Ashmead)

Coxae and femora testaceous (front femora sometimes dark along anterior margin); front narrow,

WF .85-1 . OX HE ; front femora 1.9-2.0 times as long as wide ... . P. wirthi, new species

4. Head subcircular, with convex lateral margins, W H .91XLH ; front femora barely incrassate,

2.3 times as long as wide; WF 1.25XHE P. silvcstris, new species

Head more elongate, somewhat quadrate, the sides subparallel, WH about .83 X LH; eyes small,

WF 1.4XHE, distance from eye tops to vertex crest subequal to HE; front femora 2.0-2.1

times as long as wide P. rivularis, new species

MALES

1. Propodeal disc not separated from declivity by a carina; ocelli slightly larger than below, in

about a right triangle P. silvestris, new species

Propodeal disc separated from declivity by a carina, except medially; ocelli small, in a broad

triangle, front angle greater than a right angle 2

2. Legs wholly bright testaceous, or coxae and femora weakly suffused with brown.

P. wirthi, new species

Coxae and femora wholly dark brown P. nigrifemur (Ashmead)

also with sparse punctures, notauli absent. Propodeal

disc about 1.5 times as wide as long, separated from

declivity by an irregular carina that is broken medially;

disc with a median, elevated polished band, sides with

fine, radiating striolations. Front femora incrassate,

measuring 1.9 times as long as wide.

ALLOTYPE.— £ , same data as type (USNM).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE ALLOTYPE.—Length 2.1 mm;

LFW 1.5 mm. Black; mandibles testaceous;

antennae testaceous, infuscated on apical third; legs

wholly bright testaceous; wings as in female. Mandibles

with four small apical teeth; clypeus angularly protuberant medially, its median ridge arched in profile

and extending up front a short distance, as in female.

WH .92XLH, sides of head convex, the eyes large;

front narrow, WF subequal to HE; ocelli as in female,

OOL .9 X WOT. Third and eleventh antennal segments both slightly longer than thick. Front alutaceous, moderately shining, with small but well-defined

punctures separated by 3-6 times their own diameters.

Thoracic dorsum shining, moderately alutaceous, obscurely punctate; propodeal disc margined behind

as in female. Front femora about 2.2 times as long as

wide.

PARATYPES.—7 ? 5, same data as type (USNM);

55 5,9 5 $ , mouth of Layou River, 5-13 March 1965,

H. E. Evans (USNM, MCZ); 6 5 5, Clarke Hall,

Layou Valley, February and March 1965, H. E. Evans

(USNM, MCZ); 4 $ $ , Melville Hall, 18 February

1965, H. E. Evans (USNM); 1 $, Woodford Hill,

27 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM).

VARIATION.—The females vary considerably in size

(LFW 1.3-1.8 mm) ; smaller specimens tend to have

a narrower front (WF down to .80XHE). WH

varies from .83 to .92 XLH, OOL from .95 to 1.10

XWOT. Some females lack the small amount of

brown on the margin of the front femora described

for the type. The males are all very small (LFW
NUMBER 3

1.2-1.5 mm) and show no important variation in color

or standard measurements; WH varies from .88 to

.93XLH, OOL from .90 to 1.05 X WOT.

REMARKS.—This species is similar to Ashmead's

sanctivincenti in size and color, but the type specimen

of the latter has an impunctate front and the head is

about as wide as high. Nevertheless, since P. wirthi is

a common species at low altitudes on Dominica, occurring in much the same situations as P. nigrifemur, I

consider it probable that it will be found on other

islands, perhaps even in South America.

Parasierola layouana, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 5 , Dominica: Clarke Hall, Layou

Valley, 10-17 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM

70033).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—-Length 2.2 mm;

LFW 1.6 mm. Black; mandibles black except tips

rufous; antennae testaceous (missing beyond segment

8) ; coxae and femora dark brown, remainder of legs

light brown; wings hyaline, with brown veins and a

dark brown stigma and prostigma. Mandibles with four

teeth; clypeus angularly projecting, with a high, arching median ridge that continues up the lower front

and terminates opposite the lower .2 of the eyes; antennal scrobes strongly defined but not margined by

carinae. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about

10:4:3:3, third segment about as long as wide. Head

elongate, nearly parallel-sided, WH only .78 X LH; WF

subequal to HE; distance from eye tops to vertex crest

nearly equal to HE; vertex, as seen in anterior view

of head, nearly straight across (Figure 3). Ocelli in

about a right triangle, posterior ocelli very close to

vertex crest; OOL 1.45XWOT. Front alutaceous,

moderately shining, punctures well defined, separated

by 2-4 times their own diameters. Pronotum elongate,

alutaceous, sparsely punctate; mesoscutum similar except more shining anteriorly; propodeal disc 1.4 times

as wide as long, margined behind by an irregular

carina which is incomplete medially; propodeum with

the usual shining, elevated median band, alutaceous

on the sides. Front femora strongly incrassate, measuring 1.9 times as long as wide.

REMARKS.—This species is known from only one

specimen. It resembles P. nigrifemur in color but differs from both that species and P. wirthi by virtue of

head shape and the less broad and flat ocellar triangle.

In head shape, this species closely resembles P. mexicana (Ashmead), but that species has a much more

compact ocellar triangle and lacks a transverse carina

on the propodeum.

Parasierola rivularis, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 2 , Dominica: Clarke Hall, Layou

Valley, 20-28 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM

70034).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—-Length 3.3 mm;

LFW 2.4 mm. Body and mandibles black; antennae

testaceous, apical third fuscous; coxae somewhat infuscated, legs otherwise bright testaceous; wings

hyaline, veins brownish, prostigma and stigma dark

brown. Mandibles with four teeth, the most basal tooth

very broad and blunt; clypeus very broadly rounded,

with a weak median angulation, the median ridge

abruptly sloping to this angulation; clypeus triangularly

produced upward between and beyond the antennal

sockets, but the median ridge not extended beyond the

top of the triangle. Antennal scrobes strongly defined,

but their margins not carinate; antennae short, not

reaching posterior margin of head, first four segments

in a ratio of about 8:3:2:2, segments 3 and 11 barely

longer that thick. Head large, subrectangular, the sides

nearly parallel; WH .83XLH; eyes small, WF 1.4X

HE, distance from eye tops to vertex crest subequal to

HE (Figure 2). Ocelli small, in a compact isosceles triangle; OOL 2.5 X WOT. Front uniformly alutaceous,

moderately shining, the punctures very small, separated

by 3-6 times their own diameters except largely absent

from the median strip. Pronotum alutaceous, sparsely

punctate, its posterior margin with a strong median

sinuation; mesoscutum with six small punctures on

each side of the impunctate median area. Propodeum

with the usual polished median elevation, the sides

strongly alutaceous; declivity rather abrupt, but not

separated from the disc by a carina. Front femora

moderately incrassate, measuring 2.1 times as long

as wide. Abdomen shining, somewhat depressed toward

the apex.

PARATYPE.—Dominica: 1 $, South Chiltern, 1600

feet, 19 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM).

VARIATION.—The paratype is considerably smaller

than the type (LFW only 2.0 mm) and has the front

and hind femora strongly suffused with brown. The

median carina extends beyond the basal margin of the

clypeus, to a point nearly opposite the middle of the

eyes. In all other details this specimen resembles the

type closely, however, and there seems to me little

question of their conspecificity.
8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Parasierola silvestris, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 9 , Dominica: Dleau Gommier, 1400

feet, 15 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM 70035).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 3.0 mm;

LFW 2.5 mm. Body dark castaneous, the head nearly

black; mandibles dark brown except paler basally and

with rufous teeth; antennae testaceous, weakly infuscated at extreme apex; legs wholly light testaceous;

wings hyaline, with brown veins and a dark brown

prostigma and stigma. Mandibles with four sharp,

well-defined teeth; clypeus broadly rounded, weakly

angulate at the midline, its median ridge arched in

profile; upper margin of clypeus extending triangularly upward, but the median ridge not extending beyond the point of the triangle. Antennal scrobes

strongly defined, their margin indistinctly carinate below; antennae of moderate length, capable of exceeding the posterior margin of the head; first four antennal

segments in a ratio of about 17:6:6.5, segment 3 slender, 1.5 times as long as wide, segment 11 also considerably longer than wide. WH .91 X LH, its sides

convexly rounded, the eyes considerably larger than

in the preceding species; distance from eye tops to

vertex crest about two-thirds X HE; WF 1.25 X HE.

Ocelli in a compact, isosceles triangle, OOL 2.1X

WOT. Front alutaceous, moderately shining, with

small, shallow punctures separated by 3-5 times their

own diameters. Thoracic dorsum alutaceous, obscurely

punctate, except anterior half of mesoscutum rather

strongly shining. Propodeum alutaceous except for the

usual median polished strip, the disc and declivity not

separated by a carina. Front femora relatively slender,

measuring 2.3 times as long as wide. Abdomen robust,

shining, somewhat depressed toward the apex.

ALLOTYPE.— $, Dominica: 1.7 miles E of Pont

Casse, about 2000 feet, 4-11 March 1965, H. E. Evans

(USNM).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE ALLOTYPE.—Length 2.3 mm;

LFW 2.0 mm. Black; mandibles and first two antennal

segments testaceous, remainder of antenna gradually

infuscated, last three segments dark brown; legs

testaceous except hind femora brown, front femora

partially suffused with brown; wings hyaline, the venation brown. Mandibles with four small apical teeth;

median lobe of clypeus narrowly rounded, median

ridge weakly arched in profile, extending up front a

short distance as a rather weak polished streak. Antennae slender, first four segments in a ratio of about

10:5:4:4, segments 3 and 11 both considerably longer

than thick. WH .90 X LH; front narrow, WF .92 X HE;

vertex broadly rounded off well above eye tops. Ocelli

slightly enlarged, in about a right triangle; OOL 1.1 X

WOT. Features of head, thoracic dorsum, and propodeum as described for female. Front femora actually

slightly more robust than in female, measuring 2.1

times as long as wide.

PARATYPES.—1 $ , same data as allotype (MCZ) ;

2 $ $ , 1.5 miles N of Pont Casse, about 1200 feet,

12-25 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM).

VARIATION.—The males vary slightly in size (LFW

1.7-2.0 mm) and OOL varies from 1.0 to 1.1 X WOT.

The two males from 1.5 miles N of Pont Casse have

the legs paler than the other two, one having the legs

wholly straw colored.

REMARKS.—So far as known, this is the only Parasierola that occurs in the central part of the island.

Genus Goniozus Foerster

Members of this genus appear much less common

on Dominica than those of the closely related Parasierola; however, the seven available specimens fall

into just as many species (five). These species are

strikingly distinct from one another and from the

only other Goniozus known from the Lesser, Antilles,

incompletus Ashmead (St. Vincent and Grenada).

Three of the species are known from the female only,

one from the male only; it seems unlikely that this

male belongs with any of the known females.

Goniozus antilleanus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 9, Dominica: 1.7 miles E of Pont

Casse, 2000 feet, 4-11 March 1965, H. E. Evans

(USNM 70036).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 2.0 mm;

LFW 1.5 mm. Dark brownish fuscous, the head nearly

black; mandibles black; antennae testaceous, last four

segments fuscous; coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae

slightly infuscated, tarsi testaceous; wings hyaline, veins

light brown, prostigma and stigma dark brown; spur

arising from basal vein short, about 3 times as long

as wide, about as long as distance from its base to bottom of prostigma. Clypeus with an angularly projecting median lobe that bears a high, arching median

ridge, this ridge continuing up the front as a linear

streak that ends slightly above the level of the bottoms

of the eyes; antennal scrobes oblique, weakly carinate

basally. First four antennal segments in a ratio of about
NUMBER 3

Key to the Species of Goniozus from Dominica

FEMALES

1. Front femora greatly swollen, the length only 1.6 times the maximum width; WOT slightly

exceeding OOL; propodeal disc separated from declivity by a carina

G. crassifemur, new species

Front femora moderately enlarged, length 2.0-2.2 times maximum width; OOL exceeding WOT;

propodeal disc not separated from declivity by a carina 2

2. Margins of antennal scrobes strongly carinate, the carinae nearly vertical, at only a small angle

to the high, arching ridge on the clypeus and lower front (Figure 5); spur arising from basal

vein longer than basal vein measured from base of spur to bottom of prostigma

G. cristatus, new species

Margins of antennal scrobes weakly carinate, the carinae extending obliquely toward the eye

margins; spur arising from basal vein shorter than or equal to distance from its base to bottom

of prostigma 3

3. Head slightly higher than wide (WH about .9XLH); legs straw-colored, the femora partially

suffused with brown; front femora moderately swollen, measuring about twice as long as wide.

G. cariborum, new species

Head much higher than wide (WH about .8XLH), the eyes small and situated far from vertex

(Figure 4); coxae and femora dark brown; front femora measuring 2.2 times as long as wide.

G. antilleanus, new species

MALES

1. Eyes and ocelli very large, HE much exceeding WF, WOT more than twice OOL (Figure 6);

wing veins (except stigma and prostigma) nearly hyaline, the spur arising from the basal vein

quite long G. clarkei, new species

Eyes and ocelli small, WF exceeding HE and OOL exceeding WOT; wing veins brown, spur

arising from basal vein hardly developed at all G. antilleanus, new species

8:4:3:3, segments 3 and 11 not longer than wide.

Head elongate, sides subparallel and with the eyes

bulging only slightly; WH .8XLH; WF 1.05XHE;

distance from eye tops to vertex crest equal to about

.8XHE (Figure 4). Ocelli in about a right triangle

close to vertex crest; OOL 1.5 X WOT. Front alutaceous, moderately shining, with shallow but welldefined punctures separated by several times their own

diameters. Thoracic dorsum with sparse, small punctures, alutaceous except mesoscutum rather strongly

shining anteriorly; scutellar pits very small and connected by a very thin line; propodeum alutaceous,

with the usual polished median elevation, the disc not

separated from the declivity by a carina. Front femora

relatively slender, measuring 2.2 times as long as wide.

Abdomen shining, depressed.

ALLOTYPE.— $, same data as type (USNM).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE ALLOTYPE.—Length 1.8 mm;

LFW 1.5 mm. Color of body and legs as in female,

mandibles black as in that sex, but antennae strongly

infuscated beyond segment 5; wing veins brown, spur

arising from basal vein appearing as a mere angulation,

but extended downward as a faint streak. Form of

clypeus and antennal scrobes as in female; antennae

slightly more elongate than in female, segments 3 and

11 slightly longer than thick. WH .86XLH; eyes

small, removed from vertex crest by nearly their own

height; WF 1.1 XHE. Ocelli in a right triangle close

to vertex crest, OOL 1.3 X WOT. Front moderately

shining, alutaceous, punctures as in female but more

shallow and inconspicuous. Thoracic dorsum evenly

alutaceous although somewhat shining, obscurely

punctate; features of scutellum and propodeum as

described for female. In lateral view, both thorax

and abdomen are seen to be strongly depressed.

Goniozus cariborum, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 9 , Dominica: Fond Figues River,

25 January 1965, W. W. Wirth (USNM 70037).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 2.0 mm;

LFW 1.7 mm. Body piceous, except basal half of

abdomen not quite as dark as remainder of body;

mandibles ferruginous; antennae testaceous, apical

third weakly infuscated; legs straw-colored, except

front femora and to a lesser extent the hind femora

suffused with brown; wings hyaline, subcosta, prostigma, and stigma dark brown, veins otherwise light

brown; spur arising from basal vein short, in left wing

no longer than thick, but in right wing of type nearly
10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

3 times as long as thick, although shorter than distance

from its base to bottom of prostigma. Clypeus strongly,

angularly projecting medially, with a high, arching

median ridge that terminates opposite the lower third

of the eyes; antennal scrobes oblique, their margins

weakly carinate below. Antennae short, segments 3

and 11 barely longer than thick. WH .9XLH; WF

1.15 X HE; vertex broadly rounded, distance from eye

tops to vertex crest about .6 times HE. Front angle of

ocellar triangle slightly exceeding a right angle; OOL

1.2 X WOT. Front alutaceous, moderately shining,

with large punctures that for the most part are separated by 3-5 times their own diameters. Thoracic

dorsum similarly alutaceous and punctate, the

punctures slightly weaker; scutellar pits slender and

oblique, widely separated, connected by only a thin

line; propodeal disc not separated from declivity by a

carina, alutaceous and with the usual polished,

elevated median streak. Front femora moderately

robust, 2.0 times as long as wide. Abdomen strongly

depressed, shining.

Goniozus cristatus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 5, Dominica: Roseau, 8 March 1965,

H. E. Evans (USNM 70038).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 2.4 mm;

LFW 1.8 mm. Body piceous; mandibles and antennae

rufotestaceous, the latter weakly infuscated at their

extreme tips; legs wholly bright testaceous; wings hyaline, veins brownish, spur arising from basal vein

slightly longer than distance from its base to bottom of

prostigma. Front of head projecting, the clypeus forming a more acute, projecting angulation than in other

Dominican Goniozus; median ridge of clypeus very

high and arching, although its frontal extension terminating only a short distance above level of bottoms

of eyes; antennal scrobes strongly carinate, the carinae

diverging only weakly above, terminating opposite the

end of the midfrontal ridge. Third antennal segment

slightly longer than wide, eleventh segment 1.3 times

as long as wide. Head much longer than wide, WH

.8 X LH, the eyes relatively large and somewhat bulging from sides of head; distance from eye tops to vertex

crest about .8XHE: WF 1.2XHE (Figure 5). Ocelli

in a broad triangle close to vertex crest; OOL

1.15 X WOT. Front alutaceous, moderately shining,

punctures strong, separated by 2-A times their own diameters. Pronotum rather long, alutaceous and sparsely

punctate; mesoscutum rather shining in front, on the

posterior half strongly alutaceous and with ten strong

punctures; scutellum and propodeum as described for

preceding species. Front femora 2.0 times as long as

wide. Abdomen shining, strongly depressed.

PARATYPE.— 2, Dominica: Clarke Hall, Layou Valley, 20-28 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM).

VARIATION.—In the paratype, LFW is 1.7 mm, the

front femora 2.1 times as long as wide; the antennae

are infuscated over the apical third. In every respect

this specimen is closely similar to the type.

Goniozus crassifemur, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $, Dominica: Hillsborough Est., 15

March 1965, W. W. Wirth (USNM 70039).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 2.6 mm,

LFW 1.8 mm. Black; mandibles light ferruginous;

antennae testaceous, apical half weakly infuscated;

legs wholly testaceous; wings hyaline, prostigma and

stigma dark brown, veins otherwise light brown; spur

arising from basal vein long and slightly curved, considerably longer than distance from its base to bottom of

prostigma. Median lobe of clypeus angularly projecting, with a very high, arching median carina that continues up front as a median streak for only a short

distance; antennal scrobes oblique, weakly carinate

below. Third and eleventh antennal segments only very

slightly longer than thick. WH .91XLH; eyes large,

distance from eye tops to vertex crest equal to less

than half the eye height; WF 1.1 X HE. Front angle of

ocellar triangle exceeding a right angle, posterior ocelli

very close to vertex crest; WOT slightly exceeding

OOL.

Front alutaceous although rather strongly shining,

punctures separated by 2—4 times their own diameters,

shallow and not as sharply defined as in preceding

species. Thoracic dorsum also shining although wholly

alutaceous, rather obscurely punctate; posterior margin

of pronotum sinuate medially. Propodeal disc separated from declivity by a well defined, complete

carina, the disc measuring 1.5 times as wide as its

median length; disc alutaceous except in an elongate,

polished, slightly elevated basal triangle. Front femora

unusually robust, only 1.6 times as long as their maximum width. Abdomen polished, fusiform, moderately

depressed.

PARATYPE.— 9, St. Croix: East Point, 13-17 February 1967, H. E. Evans (MCZ).

VARIATION.—The paratype is closely similar to the

type in size, color, and all structural details. The head
NUMBER 3 11

is slightly more slender, WH .89XLH, the front

femora even more robust, about 1.55 times as long as

their maximum width.

Goniozus clarkei, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $, Dominica, Antrim, 1000 feet, 12

March 1956, J. F. G. Clarke (USNM 70040).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TYPE.-—Length 2.2 mm;

LFW 2.0 mm. Body dark castaneous; mandibles and

antennae bright testaceous, the latter infuscated at

extreme tip; coxae and femora dark brown, legs otherwise testaceous; wings hyaline, with pale setulae,

prostigma and stigma brown but veins otherwise hyaline and translucent; spur arising from basal vein

slightly longer than distance from its base to bottom

of prostigma. Median lobe of clypeus narrowly

rounded, upper margin projecting triangularly upward

between and beyond antennal sockets, median line of

clypeus barely elevated; antennal scrobes short, oblique, not sharply margined.

First four antennal segments in a ratio of about

10:5:4:4, segment 3 slender, longer than wide, segment 4 considerably broader than 3; segments 7-12

strongly moniliform, slightly longer than wide. Head

slightly wider than high, WH 1.03 XLH; eyes extremely large, WF only .73 X HE, distance from eye tops

to vertex crest very small (Figure 6). Ocelli large, in a

broad, flat triangle, OOL only .35 X WOT. Front

alutaceous although strongly shining, punctures sparse

and indistinct. Pronotum short, alutaceous, sparsely

punctate; mesonotum strongly shining, weakly alutaceous, obscurely punctate. Propodeal disc margined

behind by a complete carina, surface of disc alutaceous

except in the usual median polished streak. Thorax

and abdomen, in lateral view, much less strongly

depressed than in the male G. antilleanus.

REMARKS.—This is unquestionably a nocturnal or

crepuscular species, as the eyes and ocelli are unusually

large. The long spur arising from the basal vein and

the complete transverse carina on the propodeum

suggest a relationship with G. crassifemur, but there

are differences in the conformation of the clypeus and

head, as well as in color of legs and wing veins, which

make it unlikely that the two are opposite sexes of one

species. The species is named for its collector, a leading

participant in the Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica.

Family DRYINIDAE

Genus Mesodryinus Kieffer

This genus is well represented in tropical America.

The one species collected on Dominica appears closely

related to but specifically distinct from the two species described by Richards (1953) from Central America, one of them also reported from Trinidad. This

latter species, M. poecilopterae Richards, twice has

been reared from flatid bugs of the genus Poeciloptera.

The Dominica species has been taken only along the

coast, and may prove to be widely distributed.

Mesodryinus antilleanus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— 9 , Dominica: Mouth of Layou River,

13 March 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM 70041).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 3.5 mm;

LFW 2.6 mm. Head and thorax black; abdomen shining black except sides of first tergite and all of apical

segment light brown; mandibles testaceous, the teeth

rufous; clypeus testaceous except center.of disc ferruginous; scape testaceous, flagellum light ferruginous; legs wholly light ferruginous except front trochanters and all tarsi testaceous; wings hyaline, with a

large brown blotch below the radial cell and apical half

of the stigma, also with a much smaller and weaker

blotch in the center of the median cell; veins brown except colorless at extreme base of wing, the stigma dark

brown except colorless on its apical fourth. Mandibles

with four sharp teeth; clypeus with a sharply defined

although shallow median emargination.

Malar space and scrobes not carinate, but front with

a linear streak reaching the anterior ocellus. First five

antennal segments in a ratio of about 19:9:42:20:19,

segment three 1.2 X WF, .6 X WH; outer antennal segments very slightly thicker than segment three.

WH 1.24XLH; WF .96XHE; OOL .9XWOT, front

angle of ocellar triangle slightly less than a right angle,

posterior ocelli separated from occipital carina by less

than their own diameters. Front weakly shining, with

minute reticulations superimposed on an alutaceous

background. Median length of pronotum slightly exceeding that of mesoscutum, .57 X WH: as measured

in full dorsal view, pronotum 1.15 times as wide as its

median length, widest about halfway between anterior

and posterior margins; surface of pronotum alutaceous, obscurely punctate. Mesoscutum with coarse

surface sculpturing consisting of reticulations superimposed on an alutaceous background; notauli indicated
12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

by weak lines on the anterior half; scutellar groove

broad, foveolate. Propodeum wholly covered with

coarse reticulations on an alutaceous background, the

sculpturing evenly continuous on disc, declivity, and

upper parts of sides. Mesopleurum dull, alutaceous.

Legs slender, tibial spur formula 1,1,2; front coxa: trochanter:femur:tibia ratio 17:15:32:30, femur 3.3

times as long as its maximum width. Segments of front

tarsus in a ratio of about 16:2:5:12:18, claw 16; details as shown in Figure 15; inner surface of claw with

13 lamellae. Tip of abdomen strongly compressed.

ALLOTYPE.— $ , same data as type, taken sweeping

same tree within a few minutes of the female (USNM).

DESCRIPTION OF MALE ALLOTYPE.—Length 2.9 mm;

LFW 2.2 mm. Black; mandibles testaceous, the teeth

rufous; first two antennal segments testaceous, remainder of antenna dark brown; legs light brown, suffused with much darker brown as follows: extreme base

of front and middle coxae, basal two-thirds of hind

coxae, hind femora except apical fourth, ultimate segments of all tarsi; hind tibiae medium brown; wings

hyaline, with brown veins, stigma wholly dark brown.

Maxillary palpi elongate, capable of reaching the anterior margin of the propleura; mandibles with three

large, sharp apical teeth; clypeus broadly rounded,

with a pair of small, rounded teeth, one on each side

of the midline. Malar space long, with a delicate carina

crossing it from base of mandibles to bottom of eye;

front with a delicate, somewhat irregular carina extending to the anterior ocellus. First five antennal segments in a ratio of about 13:8:23:16:16, segment

three 4.5 times as long as wide, .75XWF; flagellum

slender, of uniform thickness throughout, its pubescence short, subappressed. WH 1.15 XLH; eyes large,

WF and HE subequal; vertex passing straight across

close above eye tops; OOL only .4 X WOT, the front

angle of the ocellar triangle greater than a right angle

and the posterior ocelli removed from the occipital

carina by much less than their own diameters. Front

weakly shining, strongly alutaceous, obscurely punctate. Pronotum barely visible dorsally, mesoscutum

large, 1.25 times as wide as long; notauli strongly impressed on anterior .7 of mesoscutum; surface of scutum and scutellum weakly shining, strongly alutaceous

like the front; scutellar groove foveolate. Propodeum

shorter than in female, its sculpturing essentially the

same. Mesopleura dull, alutaceous, with an elongate,

vertical pit in the center. Tibial spur formula 1,1,2.

Abdomen short, robust, much flattened dorsally and

subtrigonal in cross section.

PARATYPE.—1 $, South Chiltern, Dominica, 1600

feet, 19 February 1965, H. E. Evans (MCZ).

VARIATION.—The paratype is strikingly similar to

the type in every respect except one: there is no cloud

in the median cell, but the outer part of the submedian

cell and area around the junction of the discoidal vein

is weakly clouded.

REMARKS.—This species is smaller and has fewer

lamellae on the front claws than other neotropical

species except for M. albitarsis Cameron, described

from Panama. The latter species, however, has much

more strongly banded wings, darker legs, and several

structural differences.

Genus Prodryinus Kieffer

Like the preceding genus, Prodryinus is well represented in tropical America and is represented on Dominica by a single species, which is apparently confined

to coastal localities and may well occur more widely

in the West Indies than is now apparent. Richards

(1953) presented a key to some of the species, ranking

Prodryinus as a subgenus of Neodryinus Perkins. I

follow Krombein (1958) in granting it generic status

at least pending a better understanding of the generic

classification of this group. Psilodryinus Kieffer is a

synonym. Prodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead) has been

reared from flatid bugs of the genus Ormenis, and the

Dominica species has been reared from an unidentified

fulgorid bug.

Prodryinus dominicanus, new species

HOLOTYPE.— $ , Dominica: Clarke Hall, Layou

Valley, 4-7 February 1965, H. E. Evans (USNM

70042).

DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE TYPE.—Length 3.5 mm;

LFW 3.0 mm. Body light castaneous, blotched with

black as follows: ocellar triangle; pronotum posterolaterally and along the transverse groove; mesoscutum

with three large spots, connected along the posterior

margin; all of scutellum and metanotum; propodeum

except for a small median discal spot, center of declivity, and most of sides; mesopleura just below wing

bases and again ventrally; a large spot on each propleurum; base of first abdominal segment and sides of

last segment. Mandibles, clypeus, and in fact lower half
NUMBER 3 13

of head testaceous; scape testaceous, remainder of

antennae fuscous except paler at joints and tip of apical

segment; coxae testaceous, each with a small fuscous

area; trochanters, femora, and tibiae light castaneous,

somewhat irregularly blotched with brown, but the

front femora and middle and hind tibiae mostly dark;

tarsi testaceous except ultimate segments black (but

claw and much of ultimate segment of front tarsus

pale). Wings twice-banded, with a large brownish

cloud filling most of the median and submedian cells

and a much smaller cloud around the radial vein;

basal half of stigma lightly pigmented, otherwise veins

and stigma brownish. Mandibles with four teeth, the

basal two teeth rather small; clypeus dentate at the

extreme sides, with a broadly rounded median lobe that

is subtruncate medially; malar space ecarinate; front

with a median carina that does not quite reach the

anterior ocellus. Antennae slender, slightly thickened

toward the apex; first seven segments in a ratio of about

25:9:49:23:22:14:12; segment three 10 times as long

as its maximum width, but segment seven only about

1.8 times as long as its maximum width. WH 1.75 X LH,

the eyes large, the vertex, as seen from in front, evenly

and fairly strongly concave; WF .94XHE. Ocelli in a

small triangle, the front angle much less than a right

angle; OOL 1.3 X WOT. Head rather dull, shagreened,

not distinctly punctate but covered with short, appressed, pale setulae; occipital carina absent except

apparently represented by a short carina along the

back of the ocellar triangle. Transverse impression of

pronotum strong, the area behind the impression

cristate medially; surface dull, shagreened, except

anterior part more polished and with fine, longitudinal striae.

Mesoscutum and scutellum dull, strongly roughened

by microscopic sculpturing, covered with appressed,

silvery setulae; scutellar groove strongly foveolate,

wider on the sides than medially. Propodeum strongly

reticulate, the cellules tending to form longitudinal

rows; declivity and upper parts of sides also reticulate.

Mesopleurum dull, shagreened. Tibial spur formula

1,0,1; front coxa: trochanter: femur: tibia ratio about

22:27:41:40, femur 3.9 times as long as wide. Segments of front tarsus in a ratio of about 20:3:5:10:20,

claw 17; details as shown in Figure 16; claw with a

subapical tooth and notch, its inner surface with only

small, scattered setulae. Abdomen strongly depressed,

but apical segment compressed.

PARATYPE.— 9 , Dominica (without specific locality), ex fulgorid, 15 June 1939, R. G. Fennah, no. 229

(USNM).

VARIATION.—The paratype is very similar to the

type in size and in all structural details. However, it is

of somewhat paler coloration. The ocellar triangle and

pronotum have a more limited amount of black, the

scutellum and propodeum are in large part light castaneous, the tip of the abdomen is not infuscated, and

the legs are wholly light castaneous to testaceous; the

antennae are also paler, the ventral surface of the flagellum being wholly light castaneous.

REMARKS.—This species runs to couplet 13 in Richards' (1953) key. The resemblance to P. typhlocybae

Ashmead (=P . ormenidis Ashmead) is close, but the

color is quite different, and Ashmead's species has the

mesonotum much more smooth and shining and the

propodeum bearing longitudinal ridges. The mesonotum of P. dominicanus is similar to that of P. alticola (Cameron), from Panama, but the latter differs

in color as well as in the form of the front tarsal claws.

Literature cited

Ashmead, W. H.

1894. Report upon the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the

Island of St. Vincent: Bethylinae. Journal of the

Linnean Society of London, 25:188—196.

1895. Report on the Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Island

of Grenada: Bethylinae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1895:786-787.

Evans, H. E.

1963. A Revision of the Genus Apenesia in the Americas

(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Bulletin of the Museum

of Comparative Zoology, 130:249-359.

1964. A Synopsis of the American Bethylidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 132:1-222.

1966. A Revision of the Genus Anisepyris (Hymenoptera,

Bethylidae). Studia Entomologica, 9:1-120.

Krombein, K. V.

1958. Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico: Synoptic Catalog. First supplement, pages 97-100.

Ogloblin, A. A.

1960. Un betilido parasito de la Evetria buoliana (Schiff.)

(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). Revista Investigaciones Agricolas, Buenos Aires, 14:35-40.

Richards, O. W.

1953. The Classifications of the Dryinidae (Hym.), with

Descriptions of New Species. Transactions of the

Royal Entomological Society of London, 104:51-70.
14

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

£^~"\\\AVU\nrr\v^

FIGURES 1-16.—Heads of holotypes, anterior views drawn to same scale: 1, Parasierola wirthi,

new species, $ ; 2, P. rivularis, new species, $ ; 3, P. layouana, new species, 9 ; 4, Goniozus

antilleanus, new species, $ ; 5, G. cristatus, new species, $ ; 6, G. clarkei, new species, £.

Mandibles: 7, Apenesia flai'iscapus, new species, <$ holotype; 8, A. caribbeana, new species,

S holotype; 9, Dissomphalus caviclypeus, $ holotype; 10, Pseudisobrachium albipes (Ashmead),

$ from 1.7 miles E of Pont Casse, Dominica. Clypeus of holotype males: 11, Apenesia flaviscapus,

new species; 12, A. caribbeana, new species; 13, Dissomphalus caviclypeus, new species; 14,

D. archboldi, new species. Front legs of female holotypes of Dryinidae, also enlargement of claw:

15, Mesodryinus antilleanus, new species; 16, Prodryinus dominicanus, new species.

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