# U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service



# Florida 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

## U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director 

## U.S. Department of Commerce Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Steve H. Murdock, Director 

# 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation FHW/06-FL Issued January 2008



# Florida

## The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affi liated Island Communities. The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fi sh, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefi t of the American people. The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide financial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fi sh and wildlife resources and to assure their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. 

## Suggested Citation U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service H. Dale Hall, Director

Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Rowan Gould, Assistant Director U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Steve H. Murdock, Director Economics and Statistics Administration Cynthia A. Glassman, Under Secretary for Economic AffairsU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## iii 

# Contents

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 

## Highlights Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Wildlife Watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1996–2006 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 

## Tables Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 National Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 

## Appendixes A. Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 52 C. Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

## iv 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Fishing and Hunting 1. Fishing and Hunting in Florida by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Florida by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 18 5. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 19 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 19 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 21 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 21 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 23 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Game: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Land: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 15. Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 16. Summary of Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 27 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 28 19. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 20. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Fishing and Hunting by Florida Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 22. Summary of Florida Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 

## Wildlife Watching 24. Wildlife Watching in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 

# List of TablesU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## v 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 28. Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 36 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 30. Selected Characteristics of Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38 31. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Wildlife Watching by Florida Residents and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida by Florida Residents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 35. Participation of Florida Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 36. Participation of Florida Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 42


## National Tables 37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

## vi 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## I fi

nd duck hunting with friends in a bottomland hardwood swamp or fi shing with my kids on an Oregon river bolsters my spirit and reminds me why I care about conservation and our wildlife heritage. But wildlife-associated and vital recreation—activities such as hunting, fi shing, and birding—also provide signifi cant fi nancial support for wildlife conservation in our Nation’s economy. According to information from the newest National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation, 87.5 million Americans spent more than $122 billion in 2006 on wildlife-related recreation. And this spending supports hundreds of thousands of jobs in industries and businesses. The Survey is conducted every fi ve years at the request of State fi sh andwildlife agencies to measure the importance of wildlife-based recreation to the American people. The 2006 Survey represents the 11th in a series thatbegan in 1955. Developed in collaboration with the States, the Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and national conservation organizations, the Survey has become one of the most important sources of information on fi sh and wildlife-related recreation in the United States. In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Programs, excise taxes on fi rearms, ammunition, archery, and angling equipment have generated a cumulative total of morethan $10 billion for wildlife conservation efforts by State and Territorial wildlife agencies for fi sh and wildlife management. My thanks go to the men and women who took time to participate in the survey, as well as to the State fi sh and wildlife agencies for their fi nancialsupport through the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs. Without that support, the 2006 Survey would never have been possible.I am comforted to know that my children and all Americans will have the opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s rich wildlife tradition. Along with a record number of Americans, we continue to enjoy wildlife. We are laying the foundation for conservation’s future.

H. Dale Hall Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

# ForewordU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## vii 

# Survey Background and Method

The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Asso ciated Recreation (Survey) has been conducted since 1955 and is one of the oldest and most comprehensive continuing recreation surveys. The Survey collects information on thenumber of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers; how often they participate; and how much they spend on their activities in the United States. Preparations for the 2006 Survey began in 2004 when the Association of Fishand Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recommended that the Fish and Wildlife Service conduct the 11th Survey of wildlife-related recreation. Funding came from the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs, authorized by Sport Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as amended. We consulted with State and Federal agencies and nongovernmental o rganizations such as the Wildlife Management Institute and American Sportfi shing Association to determinesurvey content. Other sportspersons’ organizations and conservation groups, industry representatives, and researchers also provided valuable advice. Four regional technical committees were set up under the auspices of the AFWA to ensure that State fi sh and wildlife agencies had an opportunity to participate in all phases of survey planning and design. The committees were made up of agency representatives. Data collection for the Survey was carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau in two phases. The fi rst phase was the screen which began in April 2006. During this phase, the Census Bureauinterviewed a sample of 85,000 households nationwide to determine who in the household had fi shed, hunted, or wildlife watched in 2005, and who had engaged or planned to engage in those activities in 2006. In most cases, one adult household member provided information for all members. The screen primarily covered 2005 activities while the next, more in-depth phase covered 2006 activities. For more information on 2005 data, refer to Appendix B. The second phase of data collectionconsisted of three detailed interview waves. The fi rst began in April 2006 concurrent with the screen, the second in September 2006, and the last in January 2007. Interviews were conducted with samples of likely anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers who were identifi ed in the initial screening phase. Interviews were conducted primarily by phone, with in-person interviews for respondents who could not be reached by phone. Respondents in the second survey phase were limited to those who were at least 16 years old. Each respondent provided information pertaining only to his or her activities and expenditures. Sample sizes were designed to provide statistically reliable results at the statelevel. Information on sampling procedures, sample sizes, and response rates is found in Appendix D. 

## Comparability With Previous SurveysThe 2006 Survey questions and methodology were similar to those used in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys.Therefore, the estimates are comparable. The methodology of these Surveys did differ importantly from the 1985 and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates are not directly comparable to thoseof earlier surveys. Changes in methodology included reducing the recall period over which respondents had to report their activities and expenditures. Previous Surveys used a 12-month recall period, which resulted in greater reporting bias. Research found that the amount of activity and expenditures reported in 12-month recall surveys was overestimated in comparison with that reported using shorter recall periods.

# Highlights

## 2 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# Introduction

The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-AssociatedRecreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their fi shing, hunting, and wildlife watching.This report focuses on 2006 participation and expenditures of persons 16 years of age and older. The Survey is a snapshot of one year. The information it collected tells us how many people participated andhow much they spent on their activities in the State in 2006. It does not tell us how many anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers there were because many do not participate every year. For example, based on information collected by the Survey’s household screen and detailed phase, we can estimate that about 33 percent moreanglers and hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 4 years prior to the survey year 2006. In addition to 2006 estimates, we alsoprovide trend information in the Highlights section and Appendix C of the report. The 2006 numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey reports because they used similar methodologies. The 2006 estimates should not be directly compared with results from Surveys conducted earlier than 1991 because of changes in methodology to improve accuracy. The report also provides information on participation in wildlife recreation in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2005 information is provided in Appendix B. Information about the Survey’s scope and coverage is in Appendix D. The remainder of this section defi nes important terms used in the Survey.This report does not provide information about the State’s wildlife resources. That, and additional information on wildlife-related recreation, may be obtained from State fi sh and wildlife agencies. The Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide the addresses and telephone numbers of those agencies. The Association’s Web site is <www.fi shwildlife.org>. 

## Wildlife-Associated Recreation Wildlife-associated recreation is fi shing, hunting, and wildlife-watching activities. These categories are notmutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one activity. Wildlife-associated recreation is reported in two major categories: (1) fi shing and hunting and (2) wildlife watching, which includes observing, photographing, and feeding fi sh or wildlife. 

## Fishing and Hunting This Survey reports information about residents of the United States who fi shed or hunted in 2006, regardless of whether they were licensed. The fi shing and hunting sections report information for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) anglers, and (3) hunters. 

## Sportspersons Sportspersons are those who fi shed or hunted. Individuals who fi shed or hunted commercially in 2006 are reported as sportspersons only if they also fi shed or hunted for recreation. The sportspersons group is composed of three subgroups, as shown in the diagram on this page: (1) those that fi shed and hunted, (2) those that only fi shed, and (3) those that only hunted. The total number of sportspersons is equal to the sum of people who only fi shed, only hunted, and both hunted and fi shed. It is not the sum of all anglers and all hunters because those people who both fi shed and hunted are included in both the angler and hunter population and would be incorrectly counted twice.



## Anglers Anglers are sportspersons who only fi shed plus those who fi shed and hunted. Anglers include not only licensed hook and line anglers, but also those who have no license and those who use special methods such as fi shing with spears. Three types of fi shing are reported: (1) freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Since many anglers participated in more than one type of fi shing, the total number of anglers is less than the sum of the three types of fi shing. 

## Hunters Hunters are sportspersons who only hunted plus those who hunted and fi shed. Hunters include not only licensed hunters using rifles and shotguns but also those who had no license and those who hunted with a bow and arrow, primitive fi rearm, or pistol or handgun. Sportspersons Anglers Hunters

Fished only Fished and hunted Hunted onlyU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 3 Four types of hunting are reported: (1)big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since many hunters participated in more than one type of hunting, the sum of hunters for big game, small game, migratory bird, and other animals exceeds the total number of hunters. 

## Wildlife Watchers Since 1980, the National Survey hasincluded information on wildlifewatching activities in addition to fi shing and hunting. The 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the 1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data only for activities where the primary purpose was wildlife watching. The1980 and 1985 Surveys included estimates of unplanned wildlife watching around the home and while on trips taken for another purpose. The 2006 Survey uses a strict definition of wildlife watching. Participants must either take a “special interest” in wildlife around their homes or take a trip for the “primary purpose” ofwildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally observing wildlife while pleasure driving, is not included. Two types of wildlife watching are reported: (1) away-from-home (formerly nonresidential) activities and(2) around-the-home (formerly residential) activities. Because some people participated in more than one type ofwildlife watching, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than the total number of wildlife watchers. The two types of wildlife-watching activity are explained next. 

## Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching This group includes persons who took trips or outings of at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing fi sh and wildlife. Trips to fi sh, hunt, or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, aq uariums, and museums are not considered wildlife-watching activities. 

## Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching This group includes those who participated within 1 mile of home and involves one or more of the following:(1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefi t to wildlife is the primary concern; (5)maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefi t to wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) visiting public parks within 1 mile of home for the primary purpose of observing, feeding, or photographing wildlife.

## 4 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# 2006 Florida Summary

Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,767,000 Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,311,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4,308,583,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,973,985,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,334,598,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,536 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43 

## Hunting Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,769,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $377,394,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $155,116,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $222,278,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,442 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41 

## Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 4,240,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . 1,560,000 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 Days of participation away from home . . . . 16,551,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,081,496,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $887,942,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,193,554,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $720 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $54 

## Activities in Florida by Residents and Nonresidents Activities in Florida by Nonresidents Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885,000 Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,804,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,029,770,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $653,894,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $375,876,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,164 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $136 

## Hunting Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27,810,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $22,889,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,921,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,256 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $327 

## Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 746,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 746,000 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) Days of participation away from home . . . . 6,102,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $653,278,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $632,953,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,325,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $858 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $104 (X) Not applicable.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 5 

## Activities in Florida by Residents Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,881,000 Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,507,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,278,813,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,320,091,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,958,722,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,743 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32 

## Hunting Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,699,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $349,584,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $132,227,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $217,357,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,633 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36 

## Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . 3,493,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 813,000 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 Days of participation away from home . . . 10,449,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,428,218,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $254,989,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,173,229,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $695 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24 

## Activities by Florida Residents Both Inside and Outside Florida Fishing Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950,000 Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,026,000 Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,618,499,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,487,385,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,131,114,000 Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,856 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35 

## Hunting Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,000 Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,723,000 Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $870,391,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $326,560,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $543,831,000 Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,676 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57 

## Wildlife Watching Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 3,520,000 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 988,000 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 Days of participation away from home . . . . 14,451,000 Average days of participation away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,238,334,000 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $455,521,000 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,782,814,000 Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $920 Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32

## 6 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Participation in Florida The 2006 Survey found that 5.9 million Florida residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fi shed, hunted, or wildlife watched in Florida. Of the total number of participants, 2.8 million fi shed, 236 thousand hunted, and 4.2 million participated in wildlife

- watching activities, which include observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers exceeds the total number of participants in wildlife

- related recreation because many individuals engaged in more than one wildlife-related activity. 

## Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Old Florida Residents The focus of the National Survey is on the activity of participants 16 years old and older. However, the activity of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated using the screening data covering theyear 2005. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the relative activity levels of 6-to-15-year-old participants and participants 16 years old and older remained the same in 2005 and 2006. Based on this assumption, in addition to the 2.0 million resident anglers 16 years old and older, there were 404 thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 yearsold. Also, in addition to the 325 thousand residents 16 years old and older who hunted, there were 37 thousand 6-to-15-year-old residents who hunted. Finally, there were 3.5 million Florida residents 16 years old and older and 539 thousand 6- to 15-year-olds who wildlife watched. Further information on 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in Appendix B. 

## Expenditures in FloridaIn 2006, state residents and nonresidents spent $8.1 billion on wildliferecreation in Florida. Of that total, triprelated expenditures were $3.0 billion and equipment purchases totaled $4.2 billion. The remaining $909 million was spent on licenses, contributions, land ownership and leasing, and other items. 

# Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Florida: 2006 (U.S. residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 million Sportspersons Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand Wildlife Watchers Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 million Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Tables 3, 24, and 39. 

## Percent of Total Participants by Activity (Total: 5.9 million participants)

Wildlife watching Hunting Fishing

47%

4% 72%



## Wildlife-Associated Recreation Expenditures in Florida (Total: $8.1 billion)

Equipment 52% Trip-related 37% Other 11%U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 7 

# Sportspersons

In 2006, 2.8 million state resident and nonresident sportspersons 16 years old and older fi shed or hunted in Florida. This group comprised 2.8 million anglers (98 percent of all sportspersons) and 236 thousand hunters (8 percent of all sportspersons). Among the 2.8 million sportspersons who fi shed or hunted in the state, 2.6 million (92 percent) fi shed but did not hunt in Florida. Another 48 thousand (2 percent) hunted but did not fi sh there. The remaining 188 thousand (7 percent) fi shed and hunted in Florida in 2006.



## Sportspersons’ Participation in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Sportspersons (fi shed or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 million Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 thousand Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 thousand Hunted and fi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 thousand Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 1.

## 8 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# Anglers

Participants and Days of Fishing In 2006, 2.8 million state residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older fi shed in Florida. Of this total, 1.9 million anglers (68 percent) were state residents and 885 thousand anglers (32 percent) were nonresidents. Anglers fi shed a total of 46.3 million days in Florida—an average of 17 days per angler. State residents fi shed 41.5 million days—90 percent of all fi shing days in Florida. Nonresidents fi shed 4.8 million days in Florida—10 percent of all fi shing days in the state. A large majority of Florida residents who fi shed anywhere in the United States did so in their resident state.There were 2.0 million Florida residents 16 years old and older who fi shed in the United States in 2006 for a total of 43.0 million days. An estimated 96 percent of all Florida residents who fi shed did so in their home state. Of all fi shing days by Florida residents, 96 percent or 41.5 million were in their home state. Some state residents fi shed in states other than Florida. In 2006, 283 thousand Florida residents fi shed in other states—15 percent of all residents fi shing in any state. They fi shed 2.1million days as nonresidents, representing 5 percent of all days fi shed by Florida residents. For further details about fi shing in Florida, see Table 3.



## Anglers in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 million Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 thousand Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 million Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 million Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 million
Source: Table 3.



## In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Florida anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 million In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 million In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 thousand Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 million In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 million In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 9 

## Fishing Expenditures in Florida All fi shing-related expenditures in Florida totaled $4.3 billion in 2006. Trip-related expenditures, whichinclude food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses totaled $2.0 billion—46 percent of all fi shing expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $680 million and transportation expenditures were $420 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, bait, and cooking fuel, totaled $874 million. Each angler spent an average of $714 on trip-related costs during 2006.Anglers spent $1.9 billion on equipment in Florida in 2006, 45 percent of all fishing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, line, etc.) spending totaled $523 million—27 percent ofthe equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special fishing clothes, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) amounted to $1.4 billion—73 percent of the equipment total. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for fi shing but could be used in activities other than fi shing. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses, permits, stamps, and land leasing and ownership, amounted to $390 million— 9 percent of all fi shing expenditures. For more details about fishing expenditures in Florida, see Tables 19 and 21 through 23. 

## Fishing Expenditures in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.3 billion Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.0 billion Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.9 billion Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $523 million Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.4 billion Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $390 million
Source: Table 19.



## Percent of Anglers by Residence (Total: 2.8 million participants)

Nonresidents Residents

68%

32% 

## Fishing Expenditures in Florida (Total: $4.3 billion)

Trip-related 46% Other 9% Equipment 45%

## 10 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# Hunters

Participants and Days of Hunting In 2006, there were 236 thousand residents and nonresidents 16 years oldand older who hunted in Florida. Resident hunters numbered 214 thousand, accounting for 91 percent of the hunters in Florida. There were 22 thousand nonresidents who hunted in Florida—9percent of the state’s hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 3.8 million days in 2006, an average of 16 days per hunter. Residents hunted 3.7 million days in Florida or 98 percent of all hunting days, while nonresidents spent 70 thousand days hunting in Florida or 2 percent of all hunting days. There were 325 thousand Florida residents 16 years old and older who hunted in the United States in 2006 fora total of 5.7 million days. An estimated 66 percent of all Florida residents who hunted did so in their home state. Of all hunting days by Florida residents, 65 percent or 3.7 million were spent pursuing game in their home state. Some state residents hunted in states other than Florida. Altogether, 183 thousand or 56 percent of all Florida hunters hunted in other states. Their 2.3 million days of hunting in other states represented 39 percent of all days Florida residents spent hunting in 2006.For more information on hunting activities by Florida residents, see Table 3.



## Hunters in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 thousand Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 thousand Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 million Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 million Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 thousand
Source: Table 3.



## In State/Out of State (State residents 16 years old and older) Florida hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 thousand In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 thousand In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 thousand Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 million In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 million In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 million Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 3.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 11 

## Hunting Expenditures in Florida All hunting-related expenditures in Florida totaled $377 million in 2006. Trip-related expenses, such as food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses, totaled $155 million—41percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $43 million and transportation expenditures were $60 million. Other trip expenses, such as equipment rental, totaled $53 million for the year. The average trip-related expenditure per hunter was $656.Hunters spent $174 million on equipment—46 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, ammunition, etc.) totaled $125 millionand made up 72 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $48 million on auxiliary equipment (tents, specialhunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting for 28 percent of total equipment expenditures for hunting. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that were purchased for hunting but could be used in activities other than hunting. The purchase of other items, such as magazines, membership dues, licenses,permits, and land leasing and ownership, cost hunters $49 million—13percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting expenditures in Florida, see Tables 20 through 23. 

## Hunting Expenditures in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $377 million Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $155 million Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $174 million Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125 million Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48 million Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $49 million
Source: Table 20.



## Percent of Hunters by Residence (Total: 236 thousand participants)

Nonresidents Residents

91%

9% 

## Hunting Expenditures in Florida (Total: $377 million)

Trip-related 41% Other 13% Equipment 46%

## 12 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# Wildlife Watchers

Participants and Days of Activity In 2006, 4.2 million U.S. residents 16 years old and older fed, observed, or photographed wildlife in Florida. Most of them, 77 percent (3.3 million), enjoyed their activities close to home and are called “around-the-home” participants. Those persons who enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from home are called “away-from-home” participants. People participating in away-from-home activities in Florida in 2006 numbered 1.6 million—37 percent of all wildlife watchers in Florida. Of the 1.6 million, 813 thousand were state residents and 746 thousand were nonresidents. Florida residents 16 years old and older who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife watching within their state totaled 813 thousand. Of this group, 813 thousand participants observed wildlife, 383thousand fed wildlife, and 448 thousand photographed wildlife. Since some individuals engaged in more than 1 of the 3 away-from-home activities during the year, the sum of wildlife observers, feeders, and photographersexceeds the total number of away-fromhome participants. Florida residents spent 10.4 million days engaged in away-from-home wildlife-watching activities in their state. They spent 9.7 million days observing wildlife, 5.4 million days feeding wildlife, and 4.6 million days photographing wildlife. The sum ofdays observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife exceeds the total days of wildlife-watching activity because individuals engaged in more than one activity on some days. For furtherdetails about away-from-home activities, see Table 25. Florida residents also took an active interest in wildlife around their homes. In 2006, 3.3 million state residentsenjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within 1 mile of their homes. Among this around-the-home group, 2.5 million fed, 2.4 million observed, and 1.2 million photographed wildlife around their homes. Another 423 thousand participants maintained natural areas of 1/4 acre or more for wildlife; 448 thousand participants 

## Wildlife-Watching Participants in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 million Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 24.


## Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 million Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 thousand Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 million Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 million Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 million Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 million Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 million
Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 25.



## Around-the-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Florida (State residents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 million Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 million Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 million Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 thousand Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 thousand Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 thousand Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 27.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 13 maintained plantings for the benefi t of wildlife; and 624 thousand participants visited public parks within a mile of home because of the wildlife. Summing the number of participants in these six activities results in an estimate thatexceeds the total number of around-thehome participants because many people participated in more than one type of around-the-home activity. In addition, 23 percent of resident around-the-home wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife away from home. For further details about Florida residents participating in around-the-home wildlife-watching activities, see Table 27. 

## Wild Bird Observers Bird watching attracted many wildlife enthusiasts in Florida. In 2006, 3.1 million people observed birds around the home and on trips in the state. A majority, 68 percent (2.1 million) observed wild birds around the home while 44 percent (1.4 million) took trips away from home to watch birds. 

## Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Florida Wildlife watchers spent $3.1 billion on wildlife-watching activities in Florida in 2006. Trip-related expenditures, including food and lodging ($565 million), transportation ($264 million), and other trip expenses ($59 million), such as equipment rental, amounted to $888 million. This summationcomprised 29 percent of all wildlifewatching expenditures by participants.The average of the trip-related expenditures for away-from-home participants was $560 per person in 2006. Wildlife-watching participants spent $1.7 billion on equipment—56 percent of all their expenditures. Specifi cally, wildlife-watching equipment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures totaled $353 million, 20 percent ofthe equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking equipment, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) amounted to $1.4 billion—80 percent of all equipment costs. Special and auxiliary equipment are items that werepurchased for wildlife-watching recreation but can be used in activities other than wildlife-watching activities. Other items purchased by wildlife

- watching participants, such as magazines, membership dues andcontributions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $463million—15 percent of all wildlifewatching expenditures. For moredetails about wildlife-watching expenditures in Florida, see Table 31.



## Wild Bird Observers in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 million Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 million Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.9 million Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 million Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 million Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Source: Table 29.



## Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Florida (State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.1 billion Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $888 million Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.7 billion Wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $353 million Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.4 billion Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $463 million
Source: Table 31. 

## Around-the-Home and AwayFrom-Home Participation by Florida Residents (Total: 3.3 million participants)

Both around the home and

away from

home Around the home only 77%

23%



## Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Florida (Total: $3.1 billion)

Trip-related 29% Other 15% Equipment 56%

## 14 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# 1996–2006 Comparisons

Comparing the estimates from the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys givesa perspective on the state of wildliferelated recreation in the late 1990s and early-to-mid 2000s in Florida. Only the most general recreation comparisons are presented here. The best way to compare estimates from surveys is not to compare the estimates themselves, but to compare the confi dence intervals around the estimates. A 90-percent confi dence interval around an estimate gives the range of estimates that 90 percent of all possible representative samples would supply. If the 90-percent confi dence intervals of two surveys’ estimates overlap, it is not possible to say the two estimates are statistically different. The state resident estimates cover the participation and expenditure activity of Florida residents anywhere in the United States. The in-state estimates cover the participation, day, and expenditure activity of U.S. residents in Florida. The expenditure estimates were made comparable by adjusting the estimates for infl ation—all estimates are in 2006 dollars.



## Florida 1996 and 2006 Comparison (Numbers in thousands) 1996 2006 Percent change Fishing Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,864 2,767 * Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,465 46,311 * In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,236,689 $4,308,583 * State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949 1,950 * Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,586,099 $3,618,499 * Hunting Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 236 * Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,446 3,769 * In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $439,677 $377,394 * State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 325 * Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $607,518 $870,391 * Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846 1,560 * Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,658 16,551 * State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,088 988 * Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,744 3,274 19 Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,093 2,364 * Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,420 2,474 * Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $2,160,530 $3,081,496 * Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,003,170 $3,238,334 * * Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 15 

## Florida 2001 and 2006 Comparison (Numbers in thousands)
2001 2006 Percent change Fishing Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,104 2,767 –11 Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,417 46,311 * In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,655,086 $4,308,583 * State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109 1,950 * Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,906,546 $3,618,499 * Hunting Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 236 * Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,693 3,769 * In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $449,421 $377,394 * State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 325 * Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $622,015 $870,391 * Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,560 * Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,388 16,551 * State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 988 * Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,635 3,274 24 Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663 2,364 42 Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092 2,474 * Wildlife-Watching Expenditures In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $1,796,048 $3,081,496 72 Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,646,184 $3,238,334 97 * Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.



## Number of People Who Hunted and Fished in Florida: 1996–2006 (In thousands)

Hunters Anglers

2006 2001 1996 184 2,864

226 3,104

236 2,767 

## Number of People Who Wildlife Watched in Florida: 1996–2006 (In thousands)

Away from home Around the home

2006 2001 1996

1,846 2,744

1,503 2,635

1,560 3,274 

## Total Expenditures by Participants in Florida (In millions of 2006 dollars)

Wildlife watchers Hunters Anglers

2006 2001 1996 4,237

440 2,161 4,655

449 1,796 4,309

377 3,081

## 16 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Purpose and Coverage of Tables The statistical tables of this report were designed to meet a wide range of needs for those interested in wildlife-related recreation. Special terms used in these tables are defi ned in Appendix A. The tables are based on responses to the 2006 Survey, which was designed to collect data about participation in wi ldlife-related recreation. To have taken part in the Survey, a respondent must have been a U.S. resident (a resident of one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia). No one residing outside the United States (includingU.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state andnational totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. residents or who were U.S. citizens residing outside the United States. 

## Comparability With Previous Surveys The numbers reported can be compared with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 Survey Reports. The methodology used in 2006 was similar to that used in those Surveys. These results should not be directly compared to results from Surveys earlier than 1991 since there were major changes in methodology in 1991. These changes were made to improve accuracy in the estimates. 

## Coverage of an Individual TableSince the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants of different ages, all table titles, headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are designed to identify and articulate each item being reported in the table. For example, the title of Table 2 shows that data about anglers and hunters, their days of participation, and their number of trips are reported by type of activity.By contrast, the title of Table 7 indicates that it contains data on freshwater anglers and the days they fi shed for different species. 

## Percentages Reported in the Tables Percentages are reported in the tables for the convenience of the user. When exclusive groups are being reported, the base of a percentage is apparent from its context because the percents add to 100 percent (plus or minus a rounding error). For example, Table 2 reports the number of trips taken by big game hunters, those taken by small game hunters, those taken by migratory bird hunters, and those taken by hunters pursuing other animals. These comprise 100 percent because they are exclusive categories. Percents should not add to 100 when nonexclusive groups are being reported. Using Table 2 as an example again,note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game hunters, total small game hunters, total migratory bird hunters, and total hunters of other animals will not yield total hunters because respondents could hunt for more than one type of game. When the base of the percentage is not apparent in context, it is identifi ed in a footnote. For example, Table 15 reports two percentages with different bases: one base being the number of total participants at the head of the columnand the other base being the total population who are described by the row category. Footnotes are used to clarify the bases of the reported percentages. 

## Footnotes to the TablesFootnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported in a table. Symbols in the body of a table indicate important footnotes. These symbols are used in the tables to refer to the same footnote each time they appear: * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably because there were fewer than 10 responses. W Less than .5 dollars. Z Less than 0.5 percent. X Not applicable. NA Not asked. Estimates based upon fewer than 10 responses are regarded as being based on a sample size that is too small for reliable reporting. An estimate based upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 responses is treated as an estimate based on a small sample size. Other footnotes appear, as necessary, to qualify or clarify the estimates reported in the tables. In addition, these two important footnotes appear frequently: • Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. • Detail does not add to total becauseof multiple responses and nonresponse. “Multiple responses” is a term used to refl ect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one category. Using Table 12 as an example, those who hunt for big game, small game, migratory birds, and other animals are counted only once as a hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. Another example is Table 15, where total anglers and hunters add up to more than total sportspersons. Totalswill be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist. “Nonresponse” exists because the Survey questions were answered voluntarily and some respondents didnot or could not answer all the questions. Totals are greater than the sum of subcategories when nonresponses have occurred. This occurs because some respondents answered the question that provided the category estimate but did not answer the subcategory questions. 

# Guide to Statistical TablesU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 17 Table 1. **Fishing and Hunting in Florida by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Sportspersons Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent of sportspersons Number Percent of resident sportspersons Number Percent of nonresident sportspersons Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) ........ 2,815 100 1,910 100 905 100

Total anglers ............................ 2,767 98 1,881 98 885 98

Fished only

............................ 2,579 92 1,696 89 883 98 Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7 185 10 ... ... Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 8 214 11 *22 *2

Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *48 *2 *29 *2 ... ... Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7 185 10 ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



### Table 2. **Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Florida by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing ........................... 2,767 100 46,311 100 37,938 100

Total, all freshwater

....................... 1,417 51 24,512 53 20,317 54

Freshwater, except Great Lakes

............ 1,417 51 24,512 53 20,317 54 Great Lakes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... Saltwater

................................ 2,002 72 23,077 50 17,620 46 HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 3,769 100 3,217 100

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 81 2,875 76 2,293 71 Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *41 *1,054 *28 *558 *17 Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *18 *217 *6 *152 *5 Other animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

## 18 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 3. **Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and hunters, trips,

and days of participation Activity in Florida Activity by Florida residents in United States Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents Total, in state of residence and in other states In state of residence In other states
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total anglers

............... 2,767 100 1,881 68 885 32 1,950 100 1,881 96 283 15 Total trips

................. 37,938 100 35,273 93 2,664 7 36,524 100 35,273 97 1,251 3 Total days of fishing

......... 46,311 100 41,507 90 4,804 10 43,026 100 41,507 96 2,125 5 Average days of fishing . . . . . . 17 (X) 22 (X) 5 (X) 22 (X) 22 (X) 8 (X) HUNTING Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 91 *22 *9 325 100 214 66 183 56 Total trips

................. 3,217 100 3,190 99 *27 *1 4,094 100 3,190 78 904 22 Total days of hunting

........ 3,769 100 3,699 98 *70 *2 5,723 100 3,699 65 2,256 39 Average days of hunting . . . . . 16 (X) 17 (X) *3 (X) 18 (X) 17 (X) 12 (X) (X) Not applicable. * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



### Table 4. **Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Place fished or hunted Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Total, all places ........................................ 1,950 100 325 100

In-state only

......................................... 1,666 85 142 44 In-state and other states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11 *72 *22 In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *69 *4 111 34

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 19 Table 5. **Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006**  (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Type of fishing and hunting Participants Days of participation Trips Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent FISHING Total, all fishing ........................... 1,950 100 43,026 100 36,524 100

Total, all freshwater

....................... 1,287 66 24,475 57 20,311 56

Freshwater, except Great Lakes

............ 1,287 66 24,470 57 20,294 56 Great Lakes

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... Saltwater

................................ 1,286 66 19,904 46 16,213 44 HUNTING Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 100 5,723 100 4,094 100

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 81 4,603 80 2,947 72 Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 39 1,366 24 696 17 Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 *14 *376 *7 *232 *6 Other animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.


### Table 6. **Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers .............................. 1,417 100 1,155 82 262 18 Total trips ................................ 20,317 100 19,337 95 980 5 Total days of fishing........................ 24,512 100 23,031 94 1,482 6 Average days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (X) 20 (X) 6 (X) ANGLERS Total, all types of water..................... 1,417 100 1,155 82 262 18

Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs

.................. 1,156 100 950 82 206 18 Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 100 554 91 *54 *9 DAYS Total, all types of water..................... 24,512 100 23,031 94 1,482 6

Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs

.................. 18,562 100 17,404 94 1,159 6 Rivers or streams

......................... 7,727 100 7,420 96 *307 *4

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

## 20 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 7. **Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/ days Number Percent of anglers/ days Number Percent of anglers/ days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish ......................... 1,417 100 100 1,155 82 262 18

Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 20 100 240 83 *50 *17 Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 31 100 392 91 *40 *9 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . 181 13 100 146 80 *36 *20 Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 58 100 700 85 122 15 Catfish, bullheads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 27 100 355 91 *35 *9 Walleye, sauger

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Steelhead

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 *5 *100 *57 *82 ... ... Salmon

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 19 100 232 87 *36 *13 Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 13 100 147 81 *35 *19 DAYS Total, all types of fish ......................... 24,512 100 100 23,031 94 1,482 6

Crappie

.................................... 3,628 15 100 3,232 89 *396 *11 Panfish

.................................... 3,967 16 100 3,836 97 *132 *3 White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids

..... 3,713 15 100 3,495 94 *218 *6 Black bass

................................. 14,688 60 100 14,226 97 462 3 Catfish, bullheads

............................ 5,660 23 100 5,579 99 *81 *1 Walleye, sauger

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Steelhead

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Trout

...................................... *703 *3 *100 *638 *91 ... ... Salmon

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Anything 1

.................................. 2,143 9 100 2,034 95 *109 *5 Other freshwater fish

......................... 2,155 9 100 1,832 85 *323 *15

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 21 Table 8. **Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006** This table does not apply to this state.



### Table 9

. **Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006** This table does not apply to this state.

## 22 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 10. **Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers, trips, and days of fishing Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total anglers

............................... 2,002 100 1,286 64 716 36 Total trips

................................. 17,620 100 15,936 90 1,684 10 Total days

................................. 23,077 100 19,553 85 3,524 15 Average days of fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (X) 15 (X) 5 (X) (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



### Table 11. **Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and days of fishing Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent of total types Percent of anglers/ days Number Percent of anglers/ days Number Percent of anglers/ days ANGLERS Total, all types of fish .................. 2,002 100 100 1,286 64 716 36

Salmon

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5 100 *60 *66 *31 *34 Bluefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 7 100 *94 *69 *41 *31 Flatfish (flounder, halibut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 12 100 173 74 *59 *26 Red drum (redfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 26 100 387 75 130 25 Sea trout (weakfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 17 100 268 77 79 23 Mackerel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 12 100 177 71 73 29 Mahi-mahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 16 100 233 73 *85 *27 Shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 *4 *100 *64 *80 ... ... Anything 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 46 100 630 68 291 32 Other saltwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 38 100 496 65 264 35 DAYS Total, all types of fish .................. 23,077 100 100 19,553 85 3,524 15

Salmon

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 4 100 *822 *83 *163 *17 Bluefish

............................ 2,002 9 100 *1,901 *95 *101 *5 Flatfish (flounder, halibut)

.............. 3,826 17 100 3,624 95 *202 *5 Red drum (redfish)

................... 6,107 26 100 5,365 88 743 12 Sea trout (weakfish)

................... 4,759 21 100 4,245 89 514 11 Mackerel

............................ 3,603 16 100 3,094 86 509 14 Mahi-mahi

.......................... 2,082 9 100 1,627 78 *455 *22 Shellfish

............................ *745 *3 *100 *725 *97 ... ... Anything 1

........................... 8,940 39 100 7,677 86 1,263 14 Other saltwater fish ................... 1 1,524 50 100 10,001 87 1,523 13

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 23 Table 12. **Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Hunting: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Hunters, trips, and days of hunting Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 91 *22 *9

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 100 177 92 ... ... Small game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *100 *91 *95 ... ... Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *100 *42 *100 ... ... Other animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... TRIPS Total, all hunting .......................... 3,217 100 3,190 99 *27 *1

Big game

............................... 2,293 100 2,278 99 ... ... Small game

.............................. *558 *100 *548 *98 ... ... Migratory bird

........................... *152 *100 *152 *100 ... ... Other animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... DAYS Total, all hunting .......................... 3,769 100 3,699 98 *70 *2

Big game

............................... 2,875 100 2,822 98 ... ... Small game

.............................. *1,054 *100 *1,040 *99 ... ... Migratory bird

........................... *217 *100 *217 *100 ... ... Other animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

## 24 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 13. **Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Game: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Type of game Hunters, state residents and nonresidents Days of hunting
Number Percent Number Percent Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 3,769 100

Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 81 2,875 76

Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 71 2,372 63 Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Bear

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Wild turkey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *82 *35 *935 *25 Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *16 ... ... Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *41 *1,054 *28

Rabbit, hare

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *32 *14 *155 *4 Grouse/prairie chicken

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 *21 *635 *17 Pheasant

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other small game

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *18 *217 *6

Waterfowl

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Geese

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Duck

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Dove

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other migratory bird

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other animals, total 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



### Table 14. **Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Land: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Hunters and days of hunting Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent HUNTERS Total, all types of land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 100 *22 *100

Public land, total ........................ *103 *44 *97 *45 ... ...

Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *58 *25 *57 *27 ... ... Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 *19 *40 *19 ... ... Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 73 151 71 ... ...

Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 54 111 52 ... ... Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 *19 *40 *19 ... ... DAYS Total, all types of land ...................... 3,769 100 3,699 100 *70 *100

Public land 1

............................. *1,363 *36 *1,357 *37 ... ... Private land2

............................. 3,037 81 2,974 80 ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. 2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 25 Table 15. **Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Population Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent ofsportspersons Number Percent whoparticipated Percent of anglers Number Percent whoparticipated Percent of hunters Total persons ..................... 14,233 100 2,004 14 100 1,950 14 100 325 2 100 Population Density of Residence

Urban

......................... 12,309 86 1,501 12 75 1,460 12 75 204 2 63 Rural

.......................... 1,924 14 503 26 25 490 25 25 122 6 37 Population Size of Residence

Metropolitan statistical area

(MSA)

........................ 13,238 93 1,716 13 86 1,670 13 86 279 2 86

1,000,000 or more

............. 8,717 61 883 10 44 864 10 44 156 2 48 250,000 to 999,999

............ 3,479 24 611 18 31 593 17 30 *77 *2 *24 Less than 250,000

............. 1,042 7 222 21 11 213 20 11 *46 *4 *14 Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 7 287 29 14 280 28 14 *46 *5 *14 Sex

Male

.......................... 6,775 48 1,415 21 71 1,381 20 71 295 4 91 Female

........................ 7,458 52 589 8 29 569 8 29 *31 *(Z) *9 Age

16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 3 *49 *12 *2 *49 *12 *3 ... ... ... 18 to 24 years

.................. 1,167 8 154 13 8 146 13 7 ... ... ... 25 to 34 years

.................. 2,217 16 385 17 19 381 17 20 *79 *4 *24 35 to 44 years

.................. 2,634 19 406 15 20 395 15 20 *64 *2 *20 45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853 20 471 17 24 453 16 23 *75 *3 *23 55 to 64 years

.................. 2,043 14 340 17 17 330 16 17 *40 *2 *12 65 years and older

............... 2,910 20 199 7 10 196 7 10 *38 *1 *12 Ethnicity

Hispanic

....................... 2,550 18 163 6 8 163 6 8 ... ... ... Non-Hispanic ................... 1 1,683 82 1,840 16 92 1,786 15 92 320 3 98 Race

White

......................... 12,033 85 1,802 15 90 1,750 15 90 305 3 94 Black

.......................... 1,802 13 *145 *8 *7 *145 *8 *7 ... ... ... All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3 *57 *14 *3 *55 *14 *3 ... ... ... Annual Household Income

Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 3 *41 *8 *2 *38 *8 *2 ... ... ... $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 6 *89 *10 *4 *86 *10 *4 ... ... ... $20,000 to $29,999

.............. 1,339 9 171 13 9 169 13 9 ... ... ... $30,000 to $39,999

.............. 1,318 9 147 11 7 144 11 7 ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999

.............. 1,125 8 204 18 10 202 18 10 ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999

.............. 1,797 13 401 22 20 388 22 20 *68 *4 *21 $75,000 to $99,999

.............. 1,223 9 304 25 15 295 24 15 *56 *5 *17 $100,000 or more

................ 1,484 10 312 21 16 304 20 16 *62 *4 *19 Not reported

.................... 4,565 32 335 7 17 325 7 17 *55 *1 *17 Education

11 years or less

................. 1,989 14 249 13 12 244 12 13 ... ... ... 12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,067 36 697 14 35 675 13 35 108 2 33 1 to 3 years college

.............. 3,174 22 548 17 27 535 17 27 *79 *3 *24 4 years college or more

........... 4,003 28 510 13 25 495 12 25 *100 *2 *31

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).

## 26 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 16. **Summary of Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing and Hunting: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars) FISHING AND HUNTING Total ................................................. 5,034,110 2,770 1,818 1,739

Food and lodging

..................................... 723,159 2,172 333 257 Transportation

........................................ 479,272 2,005 239 170 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 926,670 2,097 442 329 Equipment (fishing, hunting)

............................ 688,687 1,485 464 243 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 82,818 361 229 26 Special equipment3

.................................... 1,687,950 162 10,446 574 Magazines and books

.................................. 16,914 447 38 6 Membership dues and contributions

...................... 21,518 220 98 8 Other4

.............................................. 407,120 1,132 360 127 FISHING Total ................................................. 4,308,583 2,635 1,635 1,536

Food and lodging

..................................... 680,147 2,116 321 246 Transportation

........................................ 419,711 1,929 218 152 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 874,127 2,084 419 316 Fishing equipment

.................................... 523,433 1,407 372 188 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 37,035 202 184 12 Special equipment3

.................................... 1,384,330 136 10,157 500 Magazines and books

.................................. 10,744 317 34 4 Membership dues and contributions

...................... 9,732 127 77 4 Other4

.............................................. 369,323 1,071 345 115 HUNTING Total ................................................. 377,394 308 1,224 1,443

Food and lodging

..................................... 43,013 174 248 182 Transportation

........................................ 59,561 170 350 252 Other trip costs 1

...................................... *52,543 *81 *647 *222 Hunting equipment

.................................... 125,342 225 557 457 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 28,308 96 295 100 Special equipment3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Magazines and books

.................................. *2,665 *52 *51 *6 Membership dues and contributions

...................... *8,067 *41 *195 *34 Other4

.............................................. 37,796 111 340 156 UNSPECIFIED5 Total ................................................. 308,220 209 1,474 82 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc. 3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 27 Table 17. **Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per angler (dollars) ALL FISHING Total ......................... 3,918,783 2,540 1,543 1,414

Food and lodging

............. 680,147 2,116 321 246 Transportation

................ 419,711 1,929 218 152 Other trip costs

............... 874,127 2,084 419 316 Equipment

.................. 1,944,798 1,451 1,341 700 ALL FRESHWATER Total ......................... 1,133,163 1,268 893 796

Food and lodging

............. 167,541 1,010 166 118 Transportation

................ 175,912 873 201 124 Other trip costs

............... 201,313 938 215 142 Equipment

.................. 588,396 699 842 411 FRESHWATER, EXCEPT GREAT LAKES Total ......................... 1,131,855 1,262 897 795

Food and lodging

............. 167,541 1,010 166 118 Transportation

................ 175,081 873 200 124 Other trip costs

............... 201,313 938 215 142 Equipment

.................. 587,920 690 852 411 GREAT LAKES Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Food and lodging

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Transportation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... SALTWATER Total ......................... 2,443,801 1,802 1,356 1,215

Food and lodging

............. 512,606 1,530 335 256 Transportation

................ 243,799 1,363 179 122 Other trip costs

............... 672,814 1,492 451 336 Equipment

.................. 1,014,583 758 1,339 501

... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.

## 28 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 18. **Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older) Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per hunter (dollars) ALL HUNTING Total ............................ 328,866 282 1,166 1,246

Food and lodging

................ 43,013 174 248 182 Transportation

................... 59,561 170 350 252 Other trip costs

.................. *52,543 *81 *647 *222 Equipment

..................... 173,749 237 734 590 BIG GAME Total ............................ 236,976 218 1,088 1,078

Food and lodging

................ 36,556 146 250 191 Transportation

................... 44,643 133 336 233 Other trip costs

.................. *42,898 *67 *643 *224 Equipment ..................... 1 12,880 173 653 430 SMALL GAME Total ............................ 65,236 107 612 1,347

Food and lodging

................ *5,493 *56 *98 *190 Transportation

................... *12,485 *62 *202 *432 Other trip costs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Equipment

..................... *38,162 *91 *421 *411 MIGRATORY BIRD Total ............................ *21,072 *28 *758 *1,264

Food and lodging

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Transportation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... OTHER ANIMALS Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Food and lodging

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Transportation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 29 Table 1 9

. **Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per angler (dollars) Number (thousands) Percent of anglers Average per spender (dollars) Total, all items .................................. 4,308,583 1,536 2,635 95 1,635 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related ................................ 1,973,985 714 2,419 87 816 Food and lodging, total .......................... 680,147 246 2,282 82 298

Food

........................................ 405,126 146 2,090 76 194 Lodging

...................................... 275,021 99 521 19 528 Transportation

................................... 419,711 152 1,929 70 218 Other trip costs, total ............................ 874,127 316 2,084 75 419

Privilege and other fees 1

........................ 244,748 88 752 27 325 Boating costs2

................................. 453,525 164 788 28 576 Bait

......................................... 126,754 46 1,515 55 84 Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,069 17 1,103 40 43 Heating and cooking fuel

........................ 2,031 1 89 3 23 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR FISHING Fishing equipment, total ......................... 523,433 188 1,407 51 372

Reels, rods, and rod-making components

........... 217,311 78 829 30 262 Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.

....................... 90,819 33 1,187 43 77 Artificial lures and flies

......................... 78,492 28 945 34 83 Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks

....................................... 8,303 3 222 8 37 Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers

........... 6,612 2 251 9 26 Other fishing equipment3

........................ 121,895 44 504 18 242 Auxiliary equipment4

............................. 37,035 12 202 7 184 Special equipment5

............................... 1,384,330 500 136 5 10,157 Other fishing costs6

.............................. 389,800 123 1,261 46 309

1 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. 2 Boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 3 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. 4 Includes tents, special fishing clothing, etc. 5 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 6 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this state are included.

## 30 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 20. **Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures Spenders Amount (thousands of dollars) Average per hunter (dollars) Number (thousands) Percent of hunters Average per spender (dollars) Total, all items .................................. 377,394 1,442 308 130 1,224 TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES Total trip-related ................................ 155,116 656 193 82 802 Food and lodging, total .......................... 43,013 182 191 81 225

Food

........................................ 39,561 167 171 72 231 Lodging

...................................... *3,452 *15 *27 *11 *130 Transportation

................................... 59,561 252 170 72 350 Other trip costs, total ............................ *52,543 *222 *81 *34 *647

Privilege and other fees 1

........................ *43,521 *184 *54 *23 *813 Boating costs

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Heating and cooking fuel

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING Hunting equipment, total......................... 125,342 457 225 95 557

Firearms

..................................... 68,111 238 98 41 695 Ammunition

.................................. 17,360 60 192 81 91 Other hunting equipment2

....................... 39,871 159 113 48 352 Auxiliary equipment3

............................. *28,308 *100 *96 *41 *295 Special equipment4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Other hunting costs5

.............................. 48,528 196 147 62 329 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. 2 Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting

knives, and other hunting equipment. 3 Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc. 4 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 5 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, and permits. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt in this state are included.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 31 Table 21. **Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Fishing and Hunting by Florida Residents and Nonresidents: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars) STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................................................ 4,539,925 2,638 1,721 1,613 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 3,918,783 2,540 1,543 1,417

Food and lodging

..................................... 680,147 2,116 321 246 Transportation

........................................ 419,711 1,929 218 152 Boating costs 1

........................................ 453,525 788 576 164 Other trip costs2

...................................... 420,602 1,976 213 152 Equipment

.......................................... 1,944,798 1,451 1,341 703 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total ......... 328,866 282 1,166 1,392

Food and lodging

..................................... 43,013 174 248 182 Transportation

........................................ 59,561 170 350 252 Boating costs 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs2

...................................... *47,296 *71 *667 *200 Equipment

.......................................... 173,749 237 734 735 Unspecified equipment3
................................. 292,276 73 3,997 104 STATE RESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................................................ 3,747,794 1,785 2,099 1,962 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 3,226,604 1,719 1,878 1,715

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1,806 1,458 282 219 Transportation

........................................ 225,889 1,321 171 120 Boating costs 1

........................................ 401,048 629 637 213 Other trip costs2

...................................... 281,348 1,347 209 150 Equipment

.......................................... 1,906,512 1,202 1,586 1,014 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total ......... 302,251 245 1,235 1,412

Food and lodging

..................................... 40,902 162 253 191 Transportation

........................................ 45,842 153 300 214 Boating costs 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs2

...................................... *40,236 *68 *589 *188 Equipment

.......................................... 170,024 220 774 794 Unspecified equipment3
................................. 218,940 66 3,310 115 NONRESIDENTS Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................................................ 792,131 853 929 875 Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 692,179 822 842 782

Food and lodging

..................................... 268,340 657 408 303 Transportation

........................................ 193,823 609 319 219 Boating costs 1

........................................ 52,478 159 331 59 Other trip costs2

...................................... 139,253 628 222 157 Equipment

.......................................... 38,286 249 154 43 Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total ......... *26,615 *37 *716 *1,194

Food and lodging

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Transportation

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Boating costs 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other trip costs2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Unspecified equipment3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 2 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. 3 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

## 32 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 22. **Summary of Florida Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida: 2006**  (State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars) FISHING AND HUNTING Total ................................................. 4,874,060 1,897 2,569 2,432

Food and lodging

..................................... 594,196 1,599 372 297 Transportation

........................................ 422,387 1,477 286 211 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 797,363 1,520 525 398 Equipment (fishing, hunting)

............................ 687,987 1,303 528 343 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 87,755 376 234 44 Special equipment3

.................................... 2,017,957 179 11,252 1,007 Magazines and books

.................................. 16,140 383 42 8 Membership dues and contributions

...................... 22,953 232 99 11 Other4

.............................................. 227,322 908 250 113 FISHING Total ................................................. 3,618,499 1,813 1,996 1,856

Food and lodging

..................................... 474,027 1,520 312 243 Transportation

........................................ 303,464 1,386 219 156 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 709,894 1,495 475 364 Fishing equipment

.................................... 504,927 1,219 414 259 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 34,184 196 175 18 Special equipment3

.................................... 1,506,501 142 10,643 773 Magazines and books

.................................. 10,293 284 36 5 Membership dues and contributions

...................... 10,550 130 81 5 Other4

.............................................. 64,658 800 81 33 HUNTING Total ................................................. 870,391 303 2,875 2,676

Food and lodging

..................................... 120,168 256 469 369 Transportation ........................................ 1 18,923 260 457 366 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 87,469 137 637 269 Hunting equipment

.................................... 143,972 257 561 443 Auxiliary equipment2

.................................. 37,107 119 311 114 Special equipment3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Magazines and books

.................................. *2,628 *35 *75 *8 Membership dues and contributions

...................... *8,323 *44 *190 *26 Other4

.............................................. 162,664 180 904 500 UNSPECIFIED5 Total ................................................. 346,083 200 1,734 173 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc. 3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 33 Table 23. **In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per sportsperson (dollars) IN FLORIDA Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................ 3,899,476 1,824 2,138 2,042

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 1,452,318 1,697 856 760 Equipment (fishing and hunting)

......................... 655,857 1,243 528 343 Auxiliary equipment 1

.................................. 72,860 318 229 38 Special equipment2

.................................... 1,612,206 152 10,584 844 Other3

.............................................. 106,235 1,030 103 56 Expenditures for fishing, total ........................... 3,278,813 1,755 1,869 1,743

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 1,320,091 1,650 800 702 Fishing equipment

.................................... 493,681 1,173 421 262 Auxiliary equipment 1

.................................. 31,516 177 178 17 Special equipment2

.................................... 1,381,315 132 10,499 734 Other3

.............................................. 52,209 918 57 28 Expenditures for hunting, total .......................... 349,584 250 1,401 1,633

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 132,227 173 763 618 Hunting equipment

.................................... 124,048 212 585 580 Auxiliary equipment 1

.................................. *25,876 *86 *300 *121 Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other3

.............................................. 47,333 126 377 221 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4
..... 229,559 157 1,465 120 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................ 993,020 360 2,756 2,479

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 380,874 315 1,209 951 Equipment (fishing and hunting)

......................... 31,572 120 263 79 Auxiliary equipment 1

.................................. *14,734 *74 *199 *37 Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other3

.............................................. 160,089 188 849 400 Expenditures for fishing, total ........................... 368,029 240 1,531 1,300

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 196,232 215 911 693 Fishing equipment

.................................... *10,688 *66 *161 *38 Auxiliary equipment 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other3

.............................................. *33,267 *110 *302 *117 Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511,115 166 3,075 2,791

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 184,642 156 1,187 1,008 Hunting equipment

.................................... *19,924 *73 *274 *109 Auxiliary equipment 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *1 1,231 *40 *284 *61 Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other3

.............................................. 126,282 106 1,192 690 Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 4
. . . . ... ... ... ... * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc. 2 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 3 Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses. 4 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

## 34 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 24. **Wildlife Watching in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent Total participants ........................................................... 4,240 100

Away from home

........................................................... 1,560 37

Observe wildlife

......................................................... 1,517 36 Photograph wildlife

....................................................... 1,005 24 Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 13 Around the home

........................................................... 3,274 77

Observe wildlife

......................................................... 2,364 56 Photograph wildlife

....................................................... 1,230 29 Feed wildlife

............................................................ 2,474 58 Visit public parks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 15 Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 17

1 Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.



### Table 25. **Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in Florida: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants, trips, and days of participation Activity in Florida Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent PARTICIPANTS Total participants .......................... 1,560 100 813 100 746 100

Observe wildlife

.......................... 1,517 97 813 100 703 94 Photograph wildlife

....................... 1,005 64 448 55 558 75 Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 35 *383 *47 *166 *22 TRIPS Total trips

................................. 9,672 100 8,185 100 1,487 100 Average days per trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (X) 1 (X) 4 (X) DAYS Total days ................................ 16,551 100 10,449 100 6,102 100

Observing wildlife

........................ 14,562 88 9,709 93 4,853 80 Photographing wildlife

..................... 7,014 42 *4,585 *44 2,428 40 Feeding wildlife

.......................... 5,858 35 *5,412 *52 *446 *7 Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (X) 13 (X) 8 (X)

Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (X) 12 (X) 7 (X) Photographing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 (X) *10 (X) 4 (X) Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (X) *14 (X) *3 (X)

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 35 Table 26. **Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed in Florida: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total all wildlife ................................. 1,560 100 813 52 746 48 Total birds ...................................... 1,418 100 717 51 701 49

Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . 845 100 481 57 364 43 Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 496 58 363 42 Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swan, etc.)

............... 1,166 100 593 51 573 49 Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.)

.... 1,290 100 605 47 684 53 Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.)

.... *289 *100 *167 *58 *122 *42 Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 100 508 59 356 41

Large land mammals (bears, bison, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 100 *263 *63 *158 *37 Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.) . . . . 796 100 478 60 317 40 Fish (salmon, shark, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 100 461 59 318 41 Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 100 *348 *51 336 49 Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 100 552 56 433 44 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

## 36 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Table 27. **Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Florida: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Around the home Participants Number Percent Total around-the-home participants. . . 3,274 100

Observe wildlife

................... 2,364 72 Visit public parks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 19 Photograph wildlife

................ 1,230 38 Feed wildlife

...................... 2,474 76 Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 13 Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 14 Participants Observing Wildlife

Total, all wildlife .................. 2,364 100

Birds

........................... 2,122 90 Land mammals

.................. 1,748 74

Large mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 24 Small mammals

............... 1,653 70 Amphibians or reptiles

........... 1,410 60 Insects or spiders

................ 1,060 45 Fish and other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . 789 33 Total, 1 day or more .............. 2,364 100

1 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 26 Around the home Participants Number Percent 11 to 50 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 24 51 to 200 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 25 201 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 22 Participants Visiting Public Parks 1

Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 100

1 to 5 days

...................... *260 *42 6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... 11 days or more

................. *287 *46 Participants Photographing Wildlife

Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,230 100

1 to 3 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 37 4 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 *27 11 or more days

................. *381 *31 Participants Feeding Wildlife

Total, all wildlife .................. 2,474 100

Wild birds

...................... 2,308 93 Other wildlife

................... 1,165 47 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.



## Table 28. **Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants .................................................. 3,520 100 24

Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 28 7 Around the home

................................................. 3,274 93 22

Observe wildlife

................................................ 2,364 67 16 Photograph wildlife

............................................. 1,230 35 8 Feed wild birds or other wildlife

.................................. 2,474 70 17 Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 20 5 Visit public parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 18 4 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 37 Table 29

. **Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Observers and days of observation Total, state residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent OBSERVERS Total bird observers ........................ 3,101 100 2,440 100 661 100

Around-the-home observers

................. 2,122 68 2,122 87 ... ... Away-from-home observers

................. 1,367 44 706 29 661 100 DAYS Total days observing birds .................. 245,855 100 241,336 100 4,519 100

Around the home

......................... 231,593 94 231,593 96 ... ... Away from home

......................... 14,262 6 9,743 4 4,519 100

... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

## 38 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 30. **Selected Characteristics of Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Population Participants Total Away from home Around the home

Number Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Total persons ..................... 14,233 100 3,520 25 100 988 7 100 3,274 23 100 Population Density of Residence

Urban

......................... 12,309 86 2,689 22 76 802 7 81 2,460 20 75 Rural

.......................... 1,924 14 830 43 24 *186 *10 *19 814 42 25 Population Size of Residence

Metropolitan statistical area

(MSA)

........................ 13,238 93 3,113 24 88 910 7 92 2,884 22 88

1,000,000 or more

............. 8,717 61 1,708 20 49 *442 *5 *45 1,600 18 49 250,000 to 999,999

............ 3,479 24 1,132 33 32 374 11 38 1,029 30 31 Less than 250,000

............. 1,042 7 *273 *26 *8 ... ... ... *255 *24 *8 Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 7 407 41 12 ... ... ... 390 39 12 Sex

Male

.......................... 6,775 48 1,686 25 48 429 6 43 1,566 23 48 Female

........................ 7,458 52 1,834 25 52 559 7 57 1,708 23 52 Age

16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 to 24 years

.................. 1,167 8 *278 *24 *8 ... ... ... *259 *22 *8 25 to 34 years

.................. 2,217 16 *349 *16 *10 ... ... ... *330 *15 *10 35 to 44 years

.................. 2,634 19 603 23 17 *194 *7 *20 526 20 16 45 to 54 years

.................. 2,853 20 799 28 23 *149 *5 *15 791 28 24 55 to 64 years

.................. 2,043 14 687 34 20 *286 *14 *29 603 30 18 65 years and older

............... 2,910 20 746 26 21 *158 *5 *16 724 25 22 Ethnicity

Hispanic

....................... 2,550 18 *197 *8 *6 ... ... ... *197 *8 *6 Non-Hispanic ................... 1 1,683 82 3,323 28 94 941 8 95 3,077 26 94 Race

White

......................... 12,033 85 3,364 28 96 930 8 94 3,145 26 96 Black

.......................... 1,802 13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income

Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 6 *329 *37 *9 ... ... ... *315 *35 *10 $20,000 to $29,999

.............. 1,339 9 *236 *18 *7 ... ... ... *217 *16 *7 $30,000 to $39,999

.............. 1,318 9 *283 *22 *8 ... ... ... *249 *19 *8 $40,000 to $49,999

.............. 1,125 8 *220 *20 *6 ... ... ... *212 *19 *6 $50,000 to $74,999

.............. 1,797 13 682 38 19 *209 *12 *21 574 32 18 $75,000 to $99,999

.............. 1,223 9 466 38 13 *134 *11 *14 *421 *34 *13 $100,000 or more

................ 1,484 10 550 37 16 *188 *13 *19 531 36 16 Not reported

.................... 4,565 32 704 15 20 ... ... ... 704 15 22 Education

11 years or less

................. 1,989 14 *329 *17 *9 ... ... ... *310 *16 *9 12 years

....................... 5,067 36 1,201 24 34 *340 *7 *34 1,127 22 34 1 to 3 years college

.............. 3,174 22 864 27 25 *253 *8 *26 784 25 24 4 years college or more

........... 4,003 28 1,127 28 32 *336 *8 *34 1,053 26 32

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 39 Table 31. **Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant

(dollars) Spenders

Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants 1 Average per spender (dollars) Total, all items ....................................... 3,081,496 720 3,347 79 921 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related ..................................... 887,942 560 1,369 88 648

Food and lodging

................................... 565,177 362 1,245 80 454

Food

............................................ 265,921 170 1,210 78 220 Lodging

......................................... 299,256 192 527 34 568 Transportation

...................................... 264,052 160 1,224 78 216 Other trip costs2

.................................... 58,713 38 646 41 91 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total ............................................... 2,193,554 514 2,496 59 879 Wildlife-watching equipment, total ...................... 353,046 81 2,133 50 165

Binoculars, spotting scopes

........................... *29,491 *7 *263 *6 *112 Film and developing

................................. 43,990 10 643 15 68 Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other photographic equipment

............................. 129,906 30 472 11 275 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing

........... *8,092 *2 *127 *3 *64 Bird food

.......................................... 82,684 20 1,450 34 57 Food for other wildlife

............................... 31,278 7 604 14 52 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths

....... 26,456 6 601 14 44 Other equipment (including field guides)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment3

.................................. *24,159 *6 *223 *5 *108 Special equipment4

.................................... *1,352,947 *319 *179 *4 *7,553 Magazines and books

.................................. 23,979 5 463 11 52 Membership dues and contributions

....................... *32,305 *8 *375 *9 *86 Land leasing and ownership

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings

............................................ 42,691 10 448 11 95 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the

percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 4 Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

## 40 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 32. **Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Wildlife Watching by Florida Residents and Nonresidents: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant

(dollars) STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS Total ................................................. 2,618,094 3,156 830 612

Food and lodging

..................................... 565,177 1,245 454 362 Transportation

........................................ 264,052 1,224 216 160 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 58,713 646 91 38 Equipment2

.......................................... 1,730,152 2,286 757 406 STATE RESIDENTS Total ................................................. 1,970,036 2,340 842 560

Food and lodging

..................................... 153,235 574 267 188 Transportation

........................................ 78,786 613 128 78 Other trip costs 1

...................................... *22,968 *384 *60 *28 Equipment2

.......................................... 1,715,047 2,113 812 491 NONRESIDENTS Total ................................................. 648,058 816 794 857

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1,942 670 614 552 Transportation

........................................ 185,266 611 303 248 Other trip costs 1

...................................... 35,746 262 137 48 Equipment2

.......................................... *15,105 *173 *87 *9

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.
1 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking f uel. 2 Includes wildlife watching, auxiliary, and special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 41 Table 33. **Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida by Florida Residents: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures (thousands of dollars) Average per participant

(dollars) Spenders

Number (thousands) Percent of wildlife-watching participants 1 Average per spender (dollars) Total, all items ....................................... 3,238,334 920 2,525 72 1,283 TRIP EXPENDITURES Total trip-related ..................................... 455,521 461 735 74 620

Food and lodging

................................... 266,651 270 673 68 396

Food

............................................ 158,995 161 651 66 244 Lodging

......................................... *107,655 *109 *323 *33 *333 Transportation

...................................... 159,290 161 663 67 240 Other trip costs2

.................................... 29,580 30 400 41 74 EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES Total ............................................... 2,782,814 791 2,291 65 1,215 Wildlife-watching equipment, total ...................... 359,159 102 2,003 57 179

Binoculars, spotting scopes

........................... *28,467 *8 *250 *7 *114 Film and developing

................................. 39,936 11 586 17 68 Cameras, special lenses, videocameras, and other photographic equipment

............................. 136,935 39 497 14 275 Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing

. . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Bird food

.......................................... 83,777 24 1,472 42 57 Food for other wildlife

............................... 30,993 9 601 17 52 Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths

....... 27,318 8 578 16 47 Other equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Auxiliary equipment3

.................................. *26,458 *8 *240 *7 *110 Special equipment4

.................................... *1,909,674 *543 *208 *6 *9,183 Magazines and books

.................................. 20,252 6 436 12 46 Membership dues and contributions

....................... *35,053 *10 *362 *10 *97 Land leasing and ownership

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... Plantings

............................................ 42,691 12 448 13 95 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.
1 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the

percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 4 Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

## 42 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 34. **In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older)
Expenditure item Amount (thousands of dollars) Spenders (thousands) Average per spender (dollars) Average per participant

(dollars) IN FLORIDA Expenditures for wildlife watching, total .................. 2,428,218 2,484 978 695

Trip-related expenditures

............................... 254,989 660 387 313 Wildlife-watching equipment

............................ 338,461 1,969 172 97 Auxiliary equipment

.................................. *23,639 *215 *110 *7 Special equipment

.................................... *1,352,947 *179 *7,553 *387 Other

............................................... 458,182 841 545 131 OUT OF STATE Expenditures for wildlife watching, total .................. 809,722 401 2,020 902

Trip-related expenditures

............................... *200,532 *196 *1,024 *844 Wildlife-watching equipment

............................ *20,303 *155 *131 *48 Auxiliary equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Special equipment

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... Other

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: See Table 33 for detailed listing of expenditure items.


### Table 35. **Participation of Florida Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants Total wildlife watchers Wildlife-watching activity Away from home Around the home Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total participants .......................... 3,520 100 988 100 3,274 100 Wildlife-watching participants who:

Did not fish or hunt

....................... 2,622 74 532 54 2,483 76 Fished or hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 26 457 46 791 24

Fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 25 452 46 771 24 Hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 4 *96 *10 140 4 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.


### Table 36. **Participation of Florida Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006** (State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportspersons Sportspersons Anglers Hunters Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total sportspersons ............................. 2,004 100 1,950 100 325 100 Sportspersons who:

Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities

...... 1,106 55 1,075 55 171 53 Engaged in wildlife-watching activities . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 45 874 45 154 47 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 23 452 23 *96 *29 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 39 771 40 140 43 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 43 Table 37. **Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside Their Resident State: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participant’s state of residence Population Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants

Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population United States, total ........... 229,245 87,465 38 33,916 15 71,132 31 Alabama

...................... 3,550 1,417 40 707 20 1,006 28 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 288 58 149 30 207 42 Arizona

....................... 4,585 1,233 27 418 9 988 22 Arkansas

...................... 2,156 1,082 50 551 26 859 40 California

..................... 27,299 6,804 25 1,783 7 5,799 21 Colorado

...................... 3,605 1,735 48 593 16 1,459 40 Connecticut

.................... 2,735 1,223 45 297 11 1,102 40 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 256 38 85 13 212 32 Florida

....................... 14,233 4,626 33 2,004 14 3,520 25 Georgia

....................... 6,910 2,415 35 1,161 17 1,819 26 Hawaii

....................... 1,014 227 22 100 10 160 16 Idaho

......................... 1,102 564 51 259 24 432 39 Illinois

........................ 9,767 2,886 30 1,109 11 2,355 24 Indiana

....................... 4,799 2,279 47 822 17 1,825 38 Iowa

......................... 2,339 1,306 56 518 22 1,111 48 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,110 979 46 425 20 787 37 Kentucky

..................... 3,260 1,667 51 670 21 1,341 41 Louisiana

..................... 3,433 1,106 32 678 20 712 21 Maine

........................ 1,074 717 67 266 25 600 56 Maryland

..................... 4,333 1,549 36 521 12 1,334 31 Massachusetts

.................. 5,032 1,931 38 472 9 1,725 34 Michigan

...................... 7,804 3,651 47 1,371 18 2,947 38 Minnesota

..................... 4,021 2,480 62 1,280 32 1,946 48 Mississippi

.................... 2,214 896 40 537 24 618 28 Missouri

...................... 4,521 2,496 55 1,096 24 2,059 46 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 510 68 232 31 412 55 Nebraska

...................... 1,359 552 41 234 17 438 32 Nevada

....................... 1,895 530 28 182 10 420 22 New Hampshire

................ 1,044 527 51 141 14 471 45 New Jersey

.................... 6,734 1,826 27 562 8 1,537 23 New Mexico

................... 1,500 601 40 224 15 490 33 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 4,103 27 1,236 8 3,548 24 North Carolina

................. 6,719 2,816 42 1,038 15 2,267 34 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 232 46 145 29 134 26 Ohio

......................... 8,889 4,022 45 1,488 17 3,379 38 Oklahoma

..................... 2,743 1,372 50 602 22 1,082 39 Oregon

....................... 2,889 1,531 53 550 19 1,266 44 Pennsylvania

................... 9,793 4,165 43 1,415 14 3,638 37 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 355 42 86 10 312 37 South Carolina

................. 3,315 1,283 39 595 18 943 28 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 327 54 136 23 266 44 Tennessee

..................... 4,699 2,287 49 775 16 1,966 42 Texas

......................... 17,076 5,481 32 2,668 16 4,111 24 Utah

......................... 1,808 764 42 351 19 574 32 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 311 62 91 18 279 55 Virginia

....................... 5,893 2,500 42 857 15 2,126 36 Washington

.................... 4,980 2,315 46 764 15 2,007 40 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 735 50 364 25 585 40 Wisconsin

..................... 4,350 2,217 51 1,185 27 1,710 39 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 229 57 113 28 194 48 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.

## 44 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 38. **Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Sportsperson’s state of residence Population Fished or hunted Fished only Hunted only Fished and hunted

Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population United States, total ..... 229,245 33,916 15 21,406 9 3,964 2 8,546 4 Alabama

................ 3,550 707 20 395 11 79 2 233 7 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 149 30 94 19 *11 *2 44 9 Arizona

................. 4,585 418 9 290 6 48 1 81 2 Arkansas

................ 2,156 551 26 244 11 88 4 220 10 California

............... 27,299 1,783 7 1,465 5 *94 *(Z) 223 1 Colorado

................ 3,605 593 16 460 13 *39 *1 94 3 Connecticut

.............. 2,735 297 11 257 9 ... ... 34 1 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 85 13 64 10 *9 *1 12 2 Florida

................. 14,233 2,004 14 1,678 12 *54 *(Z) 271 2 Georgia

................. 6,910 1,161 17 805 12 *101 *1 255 4 Hawaii

................. 1,014 100 10 81 8 ... ... *14 *1 Idaho

................... 1,102 259 24 136 12 *36 *3 88 8 Illinois

.................. 9,767 1,109 11 837 9 *74 *1 198 2 Indiana

................. 4,799 822 17 569 12 83 2 171 4 Iowa

................... 2,339 518 22 308 13 70 3 141 6 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,110 425 20 233 11 56 3 136 6 Kentucky

............... 3,260 670 21 410 13 *49 *1 212 7 Louisiana

............... 3,433 678 20 403 12 *81 *2 195 6 Maine

.................. 1,074 266 25 120 11 40 4 106 10 Maryland

............... 4,333 521 12 370 9 46 1 105 2 Massachusetts

............ 5,032 472 9 406 8 *20 *(Z) 46 1 Michigan

................ 7,804 1,371 18 650 8 272 3 449 6 Minnesota

............... 4,021 1,280 32 745 19 *138 *3 398 10 Mississippi

.............. 2,214 537 24 293 13 *58 *3 186 8 Missouri

................ 4,521 1,096 24 536 12 165 4 394 9 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 232 31 86 11 53 7 92 12 Nebraska

................ 1,359 234 17 129 10 42 3 63 5 Nevada

................. 1,895 182 10 122 6 26 1 34 2 New Hampshire

.......... 1,044 141 14 89 9 *17 *2 35 3 New Jersey

.............. 6,734 562 8 478 7 *32 *(Z) 53 1 New Mexico

............. 1,500 224 15 152 10 34 2 38 3 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 1,236 8 734 5 207 1 295 2 North Carolina

........... 6,719 1,038 15 734 11 *74 *1 230 3 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 145 29 59 12 40 8 47 9 Ohio

................... 8,889 1,488 17 1,011 11 195 2 282 3 Oklahoma

............... 2,743 602 22 370 13 *55 *2 177 6 Oregon

................. 2,889 550 19 331 11 67 2 152 5 Pennsylvania

............. 9,793 1,415 14 482 5 425 4 508 5 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 86 10 73 9 ... ... *10 *1 South Carolina

........... 3,315 595 18 429 13 *48 *1 119 4 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 136 23 46 8 41 7 50 8 Tennessee

............... 4,699 775 16 491 10 *67 *1 217 5 Texas

................... 17,076 2,668 16 1,672 10 324 2 672 4 Utah

................... 1,808 351 19 197 11 38 2 116 6 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 91 18 34 7 20 4 37 7 Virginia

................. 5,893 857 15 497 8 127 2 233 4 Washington

.............. 4,980 764 15 577 12 74 1 113 2 West Virginia

............ 1,458 364 25 165 11 58 4 141 10 Wisconsin

............... 4,350 1,185 27 534 12 160 4 492 11 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 113 28 61 15 *15 *4 37 9 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent. Notes: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D. Table includes state residents’ participation both inside and outside their resident state.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 45 Table 39

. **Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and Nonresidents of the State: 2006**  (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

State where activity took place Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent United States, total ........... 87,465 100 33,916 39 71,132 81 Alabama

...................... 1,719 100 962 56 1,161 68 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 100 315 46 496 72 Arizona

....................... 1,546 100 493 32 1,277 83 Arkansas

...................... 1,419 100 790 56 1,011 71 California

..................... 7,385 100 1,814 25 6,270 85 Colorado

...................... 2,234 100 813 36 1,819 81 Connecticut

.................... 1,332 100 309 23 1,170 88 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 100 189 48 285 72 Florida

....................... 5,886 100 2,815 48 4,240 72 Georgia

....................... 2,773 100 1,308 47 1,987 72 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 100 162 44 262 72 Idaho

......................... 1,005 100 440 44 754 75 Illinois

........................ 3,126 100 1,004 32 2,566 82 Indiana

....................... 2,610 100 886 34 2,042 78 Iowa

......................... 1,455 100 552 38 1,205 83 Kansas

....................... 1,107 100 544 49 816 74 Kentucky

..................... 1,906 100 820 43 1,475 77 Louisiana

..................... 1,221 100 769 63 738 60 Maine

........................ 1,007 100 411 41 801 80 Maryland

..................... 1,867 100 707 38 1,491 80 Massachusetts

.................. 2,205 100 532 24 1,919 87 Michigan

...................... 4,217 100 1,685 40 3,227 77 Minnesota

..................... 2,970 100 1,571 53 2,093 70 Mississippi

.................... 1,138 100 656 58 731 64 Missouri

...................... 2,876 100 1,300 45 2,248 78 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 100 378 40 755 79 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 100 259 40 490 75 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 100 177 22 686 87 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 100 258 31 710 85 New Jersey

.................... 2,100 100 696 33 1,713 82 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 100 316 33 787 83 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,595 100 1,428 31 3,852 84 North Carolina

................. 3,412 100 1,361 40 2,641 77 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 100 190 68 148 53 Ohio

......................... 4,247 100 1,488 35 3,489 82 Oklahoma

..................... 1,472 100 684 46 1,110 75 Oregon

....................... 1,837 100 661 36 1,484 81 Pennsylvania

................... 4,663 100 1,520 33 3,947 85 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 100 163 31 436 83 South Carolina

................. 1,653 100 893 54 1,115 67 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 100 251 44 432 75 Tennessee

..................... 2,824 100 969 34 2,362 84 Texas

......................... 6,029 100 2,940 49 4,225 70 Utah

......................... 1,132 100 437 39 877 77 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 100 150 27 468 86 Virginia

....................... 2,866 100 1,045 36 2,312 81 Washington

.................... 2,739 100 818 30 2,331 85 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 100 488 49 743 75 Wisconsin

..................... 2,913 100 1,582 54 2,039 70 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 100 264 35 643 84 Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.

## 46 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table 40. **Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006** (Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

State where fishing or hunting took place Anglers Hunters Total anglers, residents and nonresidents Residents Nonresidents Total hunters, residents and nonresidents Residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent United States, total ..... 29,952 100 27,641 92 6,494 22 12,510 100 11,971 96 1,826 15 Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 100 600 74 206 26 391 100 310 79 81 21 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 100 137 47 156 53 71 100 53 75 ... ... Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 100 330 78 92 22 159 100 126 79 *33 *21 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 100 430 66 225 34 354 100 301 85 *53 *15 California

............... 1,730 100 1,578 91 152 9 281 100 274 97 ... ... Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 100 490 74 171 26 259 100 126 49 134 51 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 100 251 83 51 17 38 100 36 96 ... ... Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 100 66 41 *94 *59 42 100 19 46 ... ... Florida

................. 2,767 100 1,881 68 885 32 236 100 214 91 *22 *9 Georgia

................. 1,107 100 971 88 136 12 481 100 344 72 136 28 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 100 92 58 *65 *42 18 100 18 98 ... ... Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 100 206 59 144 41 187 100 122 65 65 35 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 100 795 91 78 9 316 100 258 82 *58 *18 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 100 663 86 106 14 272 100 237 87 *35 *13 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 100 397 91 *40 *9 251 100 208 83 *44 *17 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 100 319 79 85 21 271 100 183 68 88 32 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 100 580 80 141 20 291 100 241 83 *50 *17 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 100 590 84 112 16 270 100 241 89 ... ... Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 100 220 63 131 37 175 100 146 83 *29 *17 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 100 403 62 242 38 161 100 133 83 *28 *17 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 100 398 80 99 20 73 100 57 79 *16 *21 Michigan

................ 1,394 100 1,077 77 318 23 753 100 721 96 *32 *4 Minnesota

............... 1,427 100 1,108 78 319 22 535 100 509 95 *26 *5 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 100 465 85 80 15 304 100 238 78 *66 *22 Missouri

................ 1,076 100 871 81 206 19 608 100 540 89 69 11 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 172 59 119 41 197 100 145 74 *52 *26 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 100 169 85 *29 *15 118 100 102 86 ... ... Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 100 114 81 *27 *19 63 100 54 85 ... ... New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . 230 100 108 47 122 53 61 100 51 85 *9 *15 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 100 458 70 197 30 89 100 72 81 ... ... New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 100 164 66 *84 *34 99 100 66 67 *32 *33 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153 100 932 81 221 19 566 100 491 87 75 13 North Carolina

........... 1,263 100 868 69 395 31 304 100 277 91 *27 *9 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 100 88 84 ... ... 128 100 86 67 *42 *33 Ohio

................... 1,256 100 1,145 91 112 9 500 100 467 93 ... ... Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 100 525 86 86 14 251 100 224 89 *27 *11 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 100 455 79 122 21 237 100 218 92 ... ... Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 100 830 83 164 17 1,044 100 933 89 111 11 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 100 76 48 82 52 14 100 12 84 ... ... South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . 810 100 527 65 283 35 208 100 159 77 *49 *23 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 100 89 66 45 34 171 100 89 52 81 48 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 100 658 75 214 25 329 100 265 81 *64 *19 Texas

................... 2,527 100 2,308 91 218 9 1,101 100 979 89 123 11 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 100 288 77 87 23 166 100 144 86 *23 *14 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 100 64 56 50 44 73 100 56 76 *17 *24 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 640 75 218 25 413 100 353 86 *60 *14 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 100 641 87 95 13 182 100 179 98 ... ... West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 100 291 77 86 23 269 100 194 72 *75 *28 Wisconsin

............... 1,394 100 1,014 73 381 27 697 100 649 93 *48 *7 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 100 96 47 107 53 102 100 50 49 52 51 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.

# Appendix A

## 48 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Annual household income—Total 2006 income of household members before taxes and other deductions. Around-the-home wildlife watching—Activity within 1 mile of home with one of six primary purposes: (1) taking special interest in or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural areas of at least 1/4 acre for the benefi t of wildlife; (5) maintainingplantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefi t of wildlife; and (6) visiting public land to observe, photograph, or feed wildlife. Auxiliary equipment—Equipment owned primarily for wildlife-associated recreation. For the sportspersons section, these include sleeping bags, packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars and fi eld glasses, special fi shing and hunting clothing, foul weather gear, boots and waders, maintenance and repair of equipment, and processingand taxidermy costs. For the wildlifewatching section, these include tents, tarps, frame packs, backpacking and other camping equipment, and blinds. Away-from-home wildlife watching

— Trips or outings at least 1 mile from home for the primary purpose of observing, photographing, or feedingwildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, wild turkey, and similar large animals that are hunted. 

## Census Divisions East North Central Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin East South Central Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee Middle Atlantic New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Mountain Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Pacifi c Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington South Atlantic Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia West North Central Kansas Iowa Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota West South Central Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Day—Any part of a day spent participating in a given activity. For example, if someone hunted two hours one day and three hours another day, it would be reported as two days of hunting. If someone hunted two hours in themorning and three hours in the afternoon of the same day, it would be considered one day of hunting. Education—The highest completed grade of school or year of college. Expenditures—Money spent in 2006 for wildlife-related recreation trips in the United States, wildlife-related recreational equipment purchased in the United States, and other items. The“other items” were books and magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning, hunting and fi shing licenses, and plantings, all for the purpose of wildlife-related recreation. Expenditures included both money spent by participants for themselves and the value of gifts they received. Fishing—The sport of catching or attempting to catch fi sh with a hook and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it also includes catching or gathering shellfi sh (clams, crabs, etc.); and the noncommercial seining or netting of fi sh, unless the fi sh are for use as bait. For example, seining for smelt is fi shing, but seining for bait minnows is not included as fi shing. 

# Appendix A. Defi nitionsU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 49 Fishing equipment—Items owned primarily for fi shing: Rods, reels, poles, and rod-making components Lines and leaders Artifi cial lures, fl ies, baits, and dressing for fl ies or lines Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other items attached to a line, except lures and baits Tackle boxes Creels, stringers, fi sh bags, landing nets, and gaff hooks Minnow traps, seines, and bait containers Depth fi nders, fi sh fi nders, and other electronic fi shing devices Ice fi shing equipment Other fi shing equipment Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, and the nontidal portions of rivers and streams. Great Lakes fi shing—Fishing in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario, their connecting waters such as the St. Mary’s River system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, and the Niagara River, and the St. Lawrence River south of the bridge at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes fi shing includes fi shing in tributaries of the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, and salmon. Home—The starting point of a wi ldlife-related recreational trip. It maybe a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a cabin. Hunting—The sport of shooting or attempting to shoot wildlife with firearms or archery equipment. Hunting equipment—Items owned primarily for hunting: Rifl es, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and handguns Archery equipment Telescopic sights Decoys and game calls Ammunition Hand-loading equipment Hunting dogs and associated costs Other hunting equipment Land leasing and owning—Leasing or owning land either singly or in cooperation with others for the primary purpose of fi shing, hunting, or wildlife watching on it. Maintain natural areas—To set aside1/4 acre or more of natural environment, such as wood lots or open fi elds, for the primary purpose of benefi ting wildlife. This is categorized as a wildlif e-watching activity, not fi shing or hunting. Maintain plantings—To introduce or encourage the growth of food and cover plants for the primary purpose of benefi ting wildlife. Examples of plantings are butterfl y bushes and various sumacs. This is categorized as a wildlife-watching activity, not fi shing or hunting. Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)—Except in the New England States, an MSA is a county or group of contiguous counties containing at least one city of 50,000 or more inhabitantsor twin cities (i.e., cities with contiguous boundaries and constituting, for general social and economic purposes, a single community) with a combined population of at least 50,000. Also included in an MSA are contiguouscounties that are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In the New England States, an MSA consists of towns and cities instead of counties. Each MSA must include at least one central city. See U.S. Census Bureau publication State and Metropolitan Area Data Book; 2006 for more detailed information on MSAs. It can be found at <http://www.census.gov /prod/2006pubs/smadb/smadb-06.pdf>. Migratory birds—Birds that regularly migrate from one region or climate to another such as ducks, geese, and doves and other birds that may be hunted. Multiple responses—The term used to refl ect the fact that individuals or their characteristics fall into more than one reporting category. An example of a big game hunter who hunted for deer and elk demonstrates the effect of multiple responses. In this case, adding the number of deer hunters (one) and elk hunters (one) would overstate the number of big game hunters (one) because deer and elk hunters are not mutually exclusive categories. In contrast, total participants is the sum of male and female participants, because “male” and “female” are mutually exclusive categories. Nonresidents—Individuals who do not live in the State being reported. For example, a person living in Texas who watches whales in California is a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in California. Nonresponse—A term used to refl ect the fact that some Survey respondentsprovide incomplete sets of information. For example, a Survey respondent may have been unable to identify the primary type of hunting for which agun was bought. Total hunting expenditure estimates will include the gun purchase, but it will not appear as spending for big game or any other type of hunting. Nonresponses result in reported totals that are greater than the sum of their parts. Observe—To take special interest in or try to identify birds, fi sh, or other wildlife. Other animals—Coyotes, crows, foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, raccoons, and similar animals that can be legally hunted and are not classifi edas big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classifi ed as unprotected or predatory animals by the State in which they are hunted. Feral pigs are classifi ed as “other animals” in all States except Hawaii, where they are considered big game. Participants—Individuals who engage in fishing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Unless otherwise stated, a person has to have hunted, fi shed, or wildlife watched in 2006 to be considered a participant. Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.” Primary purpose—The principal motivation for an activity, trip, or expenditure. Private land—Land that is owned by a private individual, group of individuals, or nongovernmental organization. Public land—Land that is owned by local governments (such as county parks and municipal watersheds), State

## 50 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## governments (such as State parks and wildlife management areas), or federal governments (such as National Forests and Wildlife Refuges). Public parks or areas—See “Public land.” Residents—Individuals who lived in the State being reported. For example, a person who lives in California andwatches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. Rural—All territory, population, and housing units located outside of urbanized areas and urban clusters, as determined by the Census Bureau. Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers and streams. Screening interviews—The fi rstSurvey contact with a sample household. Screening interviews areconducted with a household representative to identify respondents who are eligible for in-depth interviews. Screening interviews gather data such as age and sex about individuals in the households. Further information on screening interviews is available on page vii in the “Survey Background and Method” section of this report. Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, rabbits, squirrels, and similar small animals for which States have small game seasons and bag limits. Special equipment—Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for wildlife-related recreation: Bass boats Other types of motorboatsCanoes and other types of nonmotorboats Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, and other boat accessories Pickups, campers, vans, travel or tent trailers, motor homes, house trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs) Cabins Off-the-road vehicles such as trail bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 vehicles, and snowmobiles Other special equipment Spenders—People who spent money on fishing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment. Sportspersons—Individuals who engage in fi shing, hunting, or both. Trip—An outing involving fi shing, hunting, or wildlife watching. A tripmay begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, such as a vacation home or the home of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a day, or many days. Type of fi shing—There are three types of fi shing: (1) freshwater except Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. Type of hunting—There are four types of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animal. Unspecifi ed expenditure—An item that was purchased for use in both fi shing and hunting, rather than primarily one or the other. Auxiliaryequipment, special equipment, magazines and books, and membership dues and contributions are the items for which a purchase could be categorized as “unspecifi ed.” Urban—All territory, population, and housing units located within boundaries that encompass densely settled territory, consisting of core census block groups or blocks that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile. Under certain conditions, less densely settled territory may be included, as determined by the Census Bureau. Wildlife—Animals, such as birds, fi sh, insects, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that are living in natural or wild environments. Wildlife does not include animals living in aquariums, zoos, and other artifi cial surroundings or domestic animals such as farm animals or pets. Wildlife-associated recreation

— Recreational fi shing, hunting, and wildlife watching. Wildlife watching—There are six types of wildlife watching: (1) closely observing, (2) photographing, (3) feeding, (4) visiting public parks or areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and (6) maintaining natural areas. These activities must be the primary purpose of the trip or the around-the-home undertaking. Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed—Examples of species that wildlife watchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds such as cardinals, robins, warblers, jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, geese, and swans; other water birds such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, and cranes; and other birds such as pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals— large land mammals such as bears, bison, deer, moose, and elk; and small land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; (4) Marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other wildlife such as butterfl ies, turtles, spiders, and snakes. Wildlife-watching equipment—Itemsowned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife: Binoculars and spotting scopes Cameras, video cameras, special lenses, and other photographic equipment Film and developingCommercially prepared and packaged wild bird food Other bulk food used to feed wild birds Food for other wildlife Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, and baths Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing Other items such as fi eld guides and maps

# Appendix B

## 52 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreationwas carried out in two phases. The fi rst (or screening) phase began in April 2006. The main purposeof this phase was to collect information about all persons 16 years old and older in order to develop a sample of potential sportspersons and wildlife watchers for the second (or detailed) phase. Also, information was collected on the number of persons 6 to 15 years old who participated in wildlife-related recreation activities in 2005. It is important to emphasize that the information reported from the 2006 screen relates to activity only up to and including 2005. Also, these data are reported in most cases by one household respondent speaking for all household members rather than the actual participant. In addition, these data are based on long-term recall (at least a 12-month recall), which hasbeen found in Survey research (Investigation of Possible Recall/Reference Period Bias in National Surveys of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife- Associated Recreation, December 1989, Westat, Inc.) to add bias to the resulting estimates. In many cases,longer recall periods result in overestimating participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables B-1 through B-4 report data on 6-to-15-year-old participants in 2005. Detailed expenditure and recreational activity data were not gathered for the 6-to-15-year-old participants.Because of differences in methodologies of the screening and the detailed phases of the 2006 Survey, resulting estimates are not comparable. Only participants 16 years old and older were eligible for the detailed phase. The detailed phase was a series of three interviews conducted at four-month intervals. The screening interviews were one year or more recall. The shorter recall period of the detailed phase had better data accuracy. 

# Appendix B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening InterviewsU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 53 Table B-1. **Florida Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Fishing and Hunting Both Inside and Outside Florida: 2005**  (State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Sportspersons Sportspersons 6 to 15 years old
Number Percent of sportspersons Percent of population Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 100 24 Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 98 24

Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 91 22 Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *7 *2 Total hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 *9 *2

Hunted only

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *7 *2

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of sportspersons is based on the ‘‘Total sportspersons’’ row. Column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not fish or hunt. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.

## 54 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table B-2. **Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005** (State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Population Sportspersons (fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Total persons .............. 2,263 100 547 24 100 537 24 100 *47 *2 *100 Population Density of

Residence Urban

................... 1,910 84 403 21 74 394 21 73 *32 *2 *67 Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 16 143 41 26 143 41 27 ... ... ... Population Size of

Residence Metropolitan statistical areas

(MSA)

................. 2,131 94 507 24 93 497 23 93 *41 *2 *87

1,000,000 or more

...... 1,443 64 313 22 57 307 21 57 ... ... ... 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . 536 24 145 27 27 143 27 27 ... ... ... Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . 151 7 *48 *32 *9 *48 *32 *9 ... ... ... Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Sex

Male

................... 1,121 50 366 33 67 361 32 67 *36 *3 *76 Female

.................. 1,142 50 181 16 33 176 15 33 ... ... ... Age

6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 27 171 28 31 171 28 32 ... ... ... 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 29 135 21 25 133 21 25 ... ... ... 12 to 15 years

............ 1,003 44 240 24 44 233 23 43 *31 *3 *67 Ethnicity

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 22 *54 *11 *10 *54 *11 *10 ... ... ... Non-Hispanic

............ 1,769 78 492 28 90 483 27 90 *47 *3 *100 Race

White

................... 1,612 71 489 30 89 480 30 89 *47 *3 *100 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 25 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income

Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . *53 *2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . 241 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . 221 10 *59 *27 *11 *59 *27 *11 ... ... ... $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . 321 14 *66 *21 *12 *66 *21 *12 ... ... ... $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . 187 8 *51 *27 *9 *51 *27 *9 ... ... ... $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . 328 14 107 33 20 101 31 19 ... ... ... $75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 528 23 157 30 29 155 29 29 ... ... ... Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 17 *74 *19 *14 *74 *19 *14 ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 55 Table B-3. **Florida Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Wildlife Watching Both Inside and Outside Florida: 2005**  (State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands) Participants Number Percent of participants Percent of population Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 100 29

Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 36 10 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 95 27

Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 81 23 Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 20 6 Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 47 13 Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 *15 *4 * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries.

## 56 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table B-4. **Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Wildlife Watchers 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005** (State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic Population Total wildlife watchers Away from home Around the home

Number Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Number Percent whoparticipated Percent Total persons .............. 2,263 100 645 29 100 232 10 100 611 27 100 Population Density of

Residence Urban

................... 1,910 84 523 27 81 191 10 83 496 26 81 Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 16 122 35 19 *40 *11 *17 115 33 19 Population Size of

Residence Metropolitan statistical areas

(MSA)

................. 2,131 94 613 29 95 229 11 99 579 27 95

1,000,000 or more

...... 1,443 64 412 29 64 180 12 78 385 27 63 250,000 to 999,999 . . . . . . 536 24 145 27 22 *29 *5 *13 138 26 23 Less than 250,000 . . . . . . . 151 7 *56 *37 *9 ... ... ... *56 *37 *9 Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Sex

Male

................... 1,121 50 298 27 46 103 9 44 287 26 47 Female

.................. 1,142 50 347 30 54 129 11 56 324 28 53 Age

6 to 8 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 27 193 31 30 *60 *10 *26 189 31 31 9 to 11 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 29 193 30 30 *60 *9 *26 184 29 30 12 to 15 years

............ 1,003 44 259 26 40 111 11 48 238 24 39 Ethnicity

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 22 102 21 16 ... ... ... *96 *19 *16 Non-Hispanic

............ 1,769 78 543 31 84 216 12 93 516 29 84 Race

White

................... 1,612 71 524 32 81 176 11 76 497 31 81 Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 25 *92 *16 *14 ... ... ... *92 *16 *15 All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Annual Household Income

Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . . *53 *2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... $10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . 241 11 *64 *26 *10 ... ... ... *64 *26 *10 $20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . 221 10 *62 *28 *10 ... ... ... *60 *27 *10 $30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . 321 14 *91 *28 *14 ... ... ... *82 *25 *13 $40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . 187 8 *49 *26 *8 ... ... ... *49 *26 *8 $50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . 328 14 137 42 21 *64 *19 *28 131 40 21 $75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 528 23 177 34 27 *74 *14 *32 168 32 27 Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 17 *54 *14 *8 ... ... ... *47 *12 *8

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who wildlife watched, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of wildlife watchers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries.

# Appendix C

## 58 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## This appendix provides a description of data collection changes and national and regional trend information based on the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys. Since these four surveys used similar methodologies, their published information is directly comparable. 

## Signifi cant Methodological Differences The most signifi cant design differences in the four surveys are as follows: 1. The 1991 Survey data were collected by interviewers fi lling out paper questionnaires. The data entries were keyed in a separate operation after the interview. The 1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey data were collected by the use of computer-assisted interviews. The questionnaires were programmed into computers, and the interviewer keyed in the responses at the time of the interview. 2. The 1991 Survey screening phase was conducted in January and February 1991, when the sample households were contacted and ahousehold respondent was interviewed on behalf of the entirehousehold. The screening interviews for the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys were conducted April through June of their survey years in conjunction with the fi rst wave of the detailed interviews. The screening interviews for all four surveys consisted primarily of demographic questions andw ildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the previous year (1990, 1995, etc.) and intentions for recreating in the survey year. In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was made to contact every sample person in all three detailed interview waves. In 1996, 2001, and 2006, respondents who were interviewed in the fi rst detailed interview wave were not contacted again until the third wave. Also, all interviews in the second wave were conducted by telephone. In-person interviews were only conducted in the fi rst and third waves. Section I. Important Instrument Changes in the 1996 Survey1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related recreation purchases made by participants without reference to where the purchase was made. The 1996 Survey asked in which state the purchase was made. 2. In 1991, respondents were asked what kind of fi shing they did, i.e., Great Lakes, other freshwater, or saltwater, and then were asked in what states they fi shed. In 1996, respondents were asked in which states they fi shed and then were asked what kind of fi shing they did. This method had the advantage ofnot asking about, for example, saltwater fi shing when they only fi shed in a noncoastal state. 3. In 1991, respondents were asked how many days they “actually” hunted or fi shed for a particular type of game or fi sh and then how many days they “chiefl y” hunted or fi shed for the same type of game or fi sh rather than another type of game or fi sh. To get total days of hunting or fi shing for a particular type of game or fi sh, the “actually” day response was used, while to get the sum of all days of hunting or fi shing, the “chiefl y” days were summed. In 1996, respondents were asked their total days of hunting or fi shing in the country and each state, then how many days they hunted or fished for a particular type of game or fi sh.4. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same for all Surveys. “Guide fee” and “Pack trip or package fee” weretwo separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they were combined into one category in the 1996 Survey. “Boating costs” was added to the 1996 hunting and wildlife-watching trip-related expenditure sections. “Heating and cooking fuel” was added to all of the trip-related expenditure sections. “Spearfi shing equipment”was moved from a separate category to the “other” list. “Rods” and“Reels” were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined in 1996. “Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc.” was one category in 1991 but split into “Lines” and “Hooks, sinkers, etc.” in 1996. “Food used to feed other wildlife” was added to the wildlife-watching equipment section; “Boats” and “Cabins” were added to the wildlife-watching special equipment section; and “Land leasing and ownership” was added to the wildlife-watching expenditures section. 5. Questions asking sportspersons if they participated as much as they wanted were added in 1996. If the sportspersons said no, they were asked why not.6. The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized fi shing competitions; anglers using bows and arrows, nets or seines, or spearfi shing; hunters using pistols or handguns and target shooting in preparation for hunting. These questions were not asked in 1996. 

# Appendix C. Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional TrendsU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 597. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release fi shing and persons with disabilities participating in wildlife-related recreation. These questions were not part of the 1991 Survey.8. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance traveled to recreation sites. These questions were not included in the 1996 Survey.9. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions about the type of trip, where the activity took place, and the distance and direction to the site visited. These questions were not asked in 1991. 10. The 1991 Survey collected data on hunting, fi shing, and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. The 1996 Survey collected data on fi shing and wildlife watching by U.S. residents in Canada. Section II. Important Instrument Changes in the 2001 Survey 1. The 1991 and 1996 single-race category “Asian or Pacifi c Islander” was changed to two categories— “Asian” and “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacifi c Islander.” In 1991 and 1996, the respondent was required to pick only one category, while in 2001 the respondent could pick any combination of categories. The nextquestion stipulated that the respondent could only be identifi ed with one category and then asked what that category was. 2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasing and ownership sections asked the respondent to combine the two types of land use into one and give total acreage and expenditures. In 2001, the two types of land use were explored separately.3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatching sections included questions on birdwatching for residential users only. The 2001 Survey added a question on birdwatchingfor nonresidential users. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists and how many species the respondent can identify were added. 4. “Recreational vehicles” was addedto the sportspersons and wildlifewatchers special equipment section. “House trailer” was added to the sportspersons special equipment section. 5. Total personal income was asked in the detailed phase of the 1996 Survey. This was changed to total household income in the 2001 Survey.6. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section to ascertain how much of the total was spent in the respondent’s state of residence when the respondent participated in hunting, fi shing, or wildlife watching out of state. 7. Boating questions were added to the fi shing section. The respondent was asked about the extent of boat usage for the three types of fi shing.8. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months residential wildlife watchers fed birds. These questions were not repeated in the 2001 Survey. 9. The contingent valuation sections of the three types of wildlife-related recreation were altered, using an open-ended question format instead of the dichotomous choice format used in 1996. Section III. Important Instrument Changes in the 2006 Survey 1. A series of boating questions was added. The new questions dealt with anglers using motorboats and/ or non-motorboats, length of boat used most often, distance to boat launch used most often, needed improvements to facilities at thelaunch, whether or not the respondent completed a boating safety course, who the boater fi shed with most often, and the source and type of information the boater used for his or her fi shing. 2. Questions regarding catch and release fi shing were added. Whether or not the respondent caught and released fi sh and, if so, the percent of fi sh released. 3. The proportion of hunting done with a rifl e or shotgun, as contrasted with muzzleloader or archery equipment, was asked. 4. In the contingent valuation section, where the value of wildlife-related recreation was determined, two quality-variable questions were added: the average length of certain fi sh caught and whether a deer, elk, or moose was killed. Plus, the economic evaluation bid questions were rephrased, from “What is the most your [species] hunting in [State name] could have cost you per trip last year before you would NOT have gone [species] hunting at all in 2001, not even one trip, because it would have been too expensive?,” for the hunters, for example, to “What is the cost that would have prevented you from taking even one such trip in 2006? In other words, if the trip cost was below this amount, you would have gone [species] hunting in [State name], but if the trip cost was above this amount, you would not have gone.” 5. Questions concerning hunting, fi shing, or wildlife watching in other countries were taken out of the Survey. 6. Questions about the reasons for not going hunting or fi shing, or not going as much as expected, were deleted. 7. Disability of participants questions were taken out. 8. Determination of the types of sitesfor wildlife watching was discontinued. 9. The birding questions regarding the use of birding life lists and the ability to identify birds based on their sight or sounds were deleted. 10. Public transportation costs were divided into two sections, “public transportation by airplane” and “other public transportation, including trains, buses, and car rentals, etc.”

## 60 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## National and Regional Trends Fishing and Hunting Comparing national hunting and fi shing estimates for 1991 to 2006 fi nds participation declining over the entire time period. In 1991 and 1996, the number of people who hunted and fi shed remained essentially unchanged. In 2001, the number of sportspersons fell compared to the two previous survey estimates. In 2006, the number of anglers continued to decline and the number of hunters was stable. The amount of time people spent fi shing and hunting fl uctuated between 1991 and 2006. The number of days spent fi shing rose 22 percent between 1991 and 1996, fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001, and fell 7 percent further between 2001 and 2006. Days of hunting followed a similar pattern. Between 1991 and 1996, hunting days increased 9 percent (although this increase was not statistically signifi - cant) but then fell 11 percent between 1996 and 2001 and a further 4 percent (this was not statistically signifi cant either) between 2001 and 2006. The amount of money spent for fi shing and hunting trips and equipment rose from 1991 to 1996, fell from 1996 to 2001, and stayed level from 2001 to 2006. The comparisons are in constant dollars. Wildlife Watching There were differing trend lines from 1991 to 2006 for the two major types of wildlife watching. The number of overall wildlife watchers decreased 17 percent from 1991 to 1996, increased 5 percent from 1996 to 2001, and increased 8 percent from 2001 to 2006. Around-the-home wildlife watching, the most popular type of wildlife watching, led this trend with an 18 percent drop from 1991 to 1996, a 4 percent increase from 1996 to 2001, and an 8 percent increase from 2001 to 2006. Away-from-home wildlife watching, on the other hand, dropped from 1991 to 2001 (21 percent from 1991 to 1996 and 8 percent from 1996to 2001) and stayed level with a statistically insignifi cant 5 percent increase from 2001 to 2006. Days afi eld by away-from-home wildlife watchers were signifi cantly up from 1996 to 2001 and statistically stable the other time periods. Overall expenditures for wildlife watching increased 21 percent from 1991 to 1996 and 16 percent from1996 to 2001 and decreased a statistically insignifi cant 7 percent from 2001 to 2006.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 61 Table C-1a. **Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–1996** (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991 ) Participants, days, and expenditures 1991 (Number) 1996 (Number) 1991–1996 percent change Hunting Hunters, total

................................................... 14,063 13,975 –1* Hunting days, total

............................................... 235,806 256,676 9* Hunting expenditures, total

........................................ $18,282,597 $26,224,069 43 Fishing Anglers, total

................................................... 35,578 35,246 –1* Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1,329 625,893 22 Fishing expenditures, total

......................................... $35,553,365 $48,598,400 37 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total

........................................... 76,111 62,868 –17

Around the home

.............................................. 73,904 60,751 –18 Away from home

.............................................. 29,999 23,652 –21 Wildlife-watching days, away from home

............................ 342,406 313,790 –8* Wildlife-watching expenditures, total

................................ $27,402,180 $33,093,660 21 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



### Table C-1b. **Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1996–2001** (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 and 2001 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures 1996 (Number) 2001 (Number) 1996–2001 percent change Hunting Hunters, total

................................................... 13,975 13,034 –7 Hunting days, total

............................................... 256,676 228,368 –11 Hunting expenditures, total

........................................ $26,224,069 $23,296,904 –11* Fishing Anglers, total

................................................... 35,246 34,071 –3 Fishing days, total

............................................... 625,893 557,394 –11 Fishing expenditures, total

......................................... $48,598,400 $40,399,711 –17 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total

........................................... 62,868 66,105 5

Around the home

.............................................. 60,751 62,928 4 Away from home

.............................................. 23,652 21,823 –8 Wildlife-watching days, away from home

............................ 313,790 372,006 19 Wildlife-watching expenditures, total

................................ $33,093,660 $38,453,190 16 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.

## 62 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table C-1c. **Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 2001–2006** (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2001 and 2006 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991) Participants, days, and expenditures 2001 (Number) 2006 (Number) 2001–2006 percent change Hunting Hunters, total

................................................... 13,034 12,510 –4* Hunting days, total

............................................... 228,368 219,925 –4* Hunting expenditures, total

........................................ $23,296,904 $22,644,048 –3* Fishing Anglers, total

................................................... 34,071 29,952 –12 Fishing days, total

............................................... 557,394 516,781 –7 Fishing expenditures, total

......................................... $40,399,711 $42,042,188 4* Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total

........................................... 66,105 71,132 8

Around the home

.............................................. 62,928 67,756 8 Away from home

.............................................. 21,823 22,977 5* Wildlife-watching days, away from home

............................ 372,006 352,070 –5* Wildlife-watching expenditures, total

................................ $38,453,190 $35,870,403 –7* * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.



### Table C-1d. **Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–2006** (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2006 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991 ) Participants, days, and expenditures 1991 (Number) 2006 (Number) 1991–2006 percent change Hunting Hunters, total

................................................... 14,063 12,510 –11 Hunting days, total

............................................... 235,806 219,925 –7* Hunting expenditures, total

........................................ $18,282,597 $22,644,048 24 Fishing Anglers, total

................................................... 35,578 29,952 –16 Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 1,329 516,781 1* Fishing expenditures, total

......................................... $35,553,365 $42,042,188 18 Wildlife Watching Wildlife watchers, total

........................................... 76,111 71,132 –7

Around the home

.............................................. 73,904 67,756 –8 Away from home

.............................................. 29,999 22,977 –23 Wildlife-watching days, away from home

............................ 342,406 352,070 3* Wildlife-watching expenditures, total

................................ $27,402,180 $35,870,403 31 * Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 63 Table C-2. **Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006** (U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)
Area and sportsperson 1991 1996 2001 2006 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent UNITED STATES Total population

.................... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100 Sportspersons

...................... 39,979 21 39,694 20 37,805 18 33,916 15

Anglers

......................... 35,578 19 35,246 17 34,067 16 29,952 13 Hunters

......................... 14,063 7 13,975 7 13,034 6 12,510 5 New England Total population

.................... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100 Sportspersons

...................... 1,658 16 1,673 16 1,504 14 1,353 12

Anglers

......................... 1,545 15 1,520 15 1,402 13 1,246 11 Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 4 465 5 386 4 374 3 Middle Atlantic Total population

.................... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100 Sportspersons

...................... 4,508 15 4,192 14 3,810 13 3,214 10

Anglers

......................... 3,871 13 3,627 12 3,250 11 2,550 8 Hunters

......................... 1,746 6 1,453 5 1,633 5 1,520 5 East North Central Total population

.................... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100 Sportspersons

...................... 7,202 22 6,912 21 6,400 19 5,975 17

Anglers

......................... 6,264 19 6,006 18 5,655 17 5,190 15 Hunters

......................... 2,789 9 2,712 8 2,421 7 2,376 7 West North Central Total population

.................... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100 Sportspersons

...................... 4,143 31 3,977 29 4,239 29 3,836 25

Anglers

......................... 3,647 27 3,416 25 3,836 27 3,284 21 Hunters

......................... 1,709 13 1,917 14 1,710 12 1,779 12 South Atlantic Total population

.................... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100 Sportspersons

...................... 6,996 21 7,282 20 6,957 18 6,633 15

Anglers

......................... 6,441 19 6,636 18 6,451 16 6,116 14 Hunters

......................... 2,083 6 2,050 6 1,875 5 1,884 4 East South Central Total population .................... 1 1,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100 Sportspersons

...................... 2,984 26 2,907 23 2,865 22 2,689 20

Anglers

......................... 2,635 23 2,514 20 2,543 20 2,436 18 Hunters

......................... 1,279 11 1,301 10 1,164 9 1,101 8 West South Central Total population

.................... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100 Sportspersons

...................... 5,125 26 5,093 23 4,924 21 4,499 18

Anglers

......................... 4,592 23 4,616 21 4,375 19 3,952 16 Hunters

......................... 1,843 9 1,812 8 1,988 9 1,810 7 Mountain Total population

.................... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100 Sportspersons

...................... 2,488 25 2,761 23 2,757 21 2,372 15

Anglers

......................... 2,079 21 2,411 20 2,443 18 2,084 13 Hunters

......................... 1,069 11 1,061 9 1,020 8 868 6 Pacific Total population

.................... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100 Sportspersons

...................... 4,875 17 4,897 15 4,349 13 3,345 9

Anglers

......................... 4,505 15 4,501 14 4,111 12 3,094 8 Hunters

......................... 1,101 4 1,203 4 837 2 798 2

## 64 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table C-3. **Wildlife-Watching Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006** (Numbers in thousands. Population 16 years old and older)

Area and wildlife watcher 1991 1996 2001 2006 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent UNITED STATES Total population

.................... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 76,111 40 62,868 31 66,105 31 71,132 31

Away from home

................. 29,999 16 23,652 12 21,823 10 22,977 10 Around the home

................. 73,904 39 60,751 30 62,928 30 67,756 30 New England Total population

.................... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 4,598 45 3,710 36 3,875 37 4,489 40

Away from home

................. 1,856 18 1,443 14 1,155 11 1,340 12 Around the home

................. 4,544 45 3,586 35 3,765 36 4,310 38 Middle Atlantic Total population

.................... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 10,556 36 8,185 28 8,740 29 8,723 28

Away from home

................. 4,166 14 2,960 10 2,849 10 2,729 9 Around the home

................. 10,282 35 8,023 27 8,452 28 8,451 27 East North Central Total population

.................... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 14,511 45 11,731 35 11,631 34 12,215 34

Away from home

................. 5,572 17 4,501 14 3,571 10 3,792 11 Around the home

................. 14,175 44 11,297 34 11,196 33 11,845 33 West North Central Total population

.................... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 6,924 51 5,089 37 6,206 43 6,741 44

Away from home

................. 2,654 20 1,927 14 2,059 14 2,163 14 Around the home

................. 6,722 50 4,900 35 5,938 41 6,447 42 South Atlantic Total population

.................... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 13,047 39 11,252 31 11,395 29 12,862 29

Away from home

................. 4,450 13 3,992 11 3,469 9 3,208 7 Around the home

................. 12,813 38 10,964 30 10,911 28 12,432 28 East South Central Total population .................... 1 1,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 4,864 42 3,904 31 4,514 35 4,931 36

Away from home

................. 1,592 14 1,118 9 1,086 8 1,758 13 Around the home

................. 4,765 41 3,795 30 4,390 34 4,683 34 West South Central Total population

.................... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 7,035 35 5,933 27 5,747 25 6,764 27

Away from home

................. 2,459 12 2,096 10 1,822 8 2,127 8 Around the home

................. 6,817 34 5,773 26 5,490 24 6,319 25 Mountain Total population

.................... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 4,437 44 4,099 34 4,619 35 4,968 32

Away from home

................. 2,215 22 1,967 16 2,019 15 2,004 13 Around the home

................. 4,145 41 3,855 32 4,282 32 4,605 29 Pacific Total population

.................... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100 Total wildlife watchers

............... 10,139 34 8,966 28 9,377 27 9,439 26

Away from home

................. 5,035 17 3,648 11 3,793 11 3,856 11 Around the home

................. 9,641 33 8,558 27 8,504 25 8,664 24

# Appendix D

## 66 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## This appendix is presented in two parts. The fi rst part is the U.S. Census Bureau Source and Accuracy Statement. This statement describes the sampling design for the 2006 Survey and highlights the steps taken to produceestimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the use of standard errors and confi denceintervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys and formulas and parameters to calculate an approximate standard error or confi dence interval for each number published in this report. The second part reports approximate standard errors for selected measures of participation and expenditures for wildlife-related recreation. Tables D-1 to D-3 show common estimates by state with their estimated standard errors. Tables D-4 to D-9 provide parameters for computing standard errors. Source and Accuracy Statement for the Florida State Report of the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 

## SOURCE OF DATA The estimates in this report are based on data collected in the 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and W ildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) conducted by the Census Bureau and sponsored by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The eligible universe for the FHWAR is the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military population living in the United States. The institutionalized population, which is excluded from the population universe, is composedprimarily of the population in correctional institutions and nursing homes(91 percent of the 4.1 million institutionalized people in Census 2000). The 2006 Survey was designed to provide state-level estimates of the number of participants in recreational hunting and fishing and in wildlifewatching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was collected on the number of participants, where and how often they participated, the type of wildlife encountered, and the amounts of money spent on wildlife-related recreation. The Survey was conducted in twostages: an initial screening of households to identify likely sportspersons and wildlife-watching participants and a series of follow-up interviews of selected persons to collect detailed data about their wildlife-related recreation during 2006. 

## SAMPLE DESIGN The 2006 FHWAR sample was selected from the Census Bureau’s master address fi le (MAF) and unused sample of the Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS sample was used to improve coverage in rural areas of some states.The FHWAR is a multistage probability sample, with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. In the fi rst stage of the sampling process, primary sampling units (PSUs) are selected for sample. The PSUs are defi ned to correspond to the Offi ce of Management and Budget defi nitions of Core Based Statistical Area definitions and to improve effi ciency in fi eld operations. The United States is divided into 2,025 PSUs. These PSUs are grouped into 824 strata. Within each stratum, a single PSU is chosen for the sample, with its probability of selection proportional to its population as of the most recent decennial census. This PSU represents the entire stratum from which it was selected. In the case of strata consisting of only one PSU, the PSU is chosen with certainty. Within the selected PSUs, the FHWAR sample was selected from the MAF where suffi cient coverage of addresses existed. In some rural areas, the sample was selected from unused cases from the CPS to improve coverage. FHWAR Screening Sample The total screening sample in Florida consisted of 3,800households. Interviewing for the screen was conducted during April, May, and June 2006. Of all housing units in sample, about 3,166were determined to be eligible for interview. Interviewers obtained interviews at 2,958of these units for a state response rate of 93percent. Local fi eld representatives conducted interviews by telephone when possible, otherwise through a personal visit. The fi eld representatives asked screening questions for all household members 6 years old and older. Noninterviews occur when the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for some other reason. Data for the FHWAR sportspersons sample and wildlife-watchers sample were collected in three waves. The fi rst wave started in April 2006, the second in September 2006, and thethird in January 2007. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted or fi shed in 2006 by the time of the screening interview were interviewed in the first wave. The remaining sportspersons in sample were interviewed in the second wave. A subsampling operation was conducted before the third wave of sampling to reduce cost of the Survey, and everyone remaining in sample was interviewed in the third wave. The reference period was the preceding 4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 3, the reference period was either 4, 8, or 12 months depending on when the sample person was fi rst interviewed. 

# Appendix D. Sample Design and Statistical AccuracyU.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 67 Detailed Samples Two independent detailed samples were chosen from the FHWAR screeningsample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or fi sh) and the other of wildlife watchers (people who observe, photograph, or feed wildlife). A. Sportspersons The Census Bureau selected thedetailed samples based on information reported during the screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older in the FHWAR screening sample was assigned to a sportspersons stratum. The criteria for the strata included time devoted to hunting or fi shing in previous years, participation in hunting or fi shing in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in hunting and fi shing activities during the remainder of 2006. The four sportspersons categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in hunting or fi shing in 2006 at the time of the screener interview. 2. Likely—a person who had not participated in 2006 at the timeof the screener, but had participated in 2005 OR was likely to participate in 2006. 3. Inactive—a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was somewhat unlikely to participate in 2006. 4. Nonparticipant —a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate in 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed phase based on these groupings. Active sportspersons were given the detailed interview twice—atthe time of the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006) and again in January or February 2007. Likely sportspersons and asubsample of the inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice— fi rst in September or October 2006, then in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau field representatives were not able to obtain the fi rst interview, they attempted to interview the person in the fi nalinterviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. Persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. About 1,103persons were designated for interviews in Florida. The detailed sportspersons sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 29percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 783detailed sportspersons interviews were completed at a response rate of 71percent. B. Wildlife Watchers The wildlife-watching detailed sample was also selected based on information reported during thescreening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 years old and older was assigned to a stratum. The criteria for the strataincluded time devoted to wildlifewatching activities in previousyears, participation in wildlifewatching activities in 2006 by the time of the screening interview, and intentions to participate in wildlife-watching activities during the remainder of 2006. The fi ve wildlife-watching categories were: 1. Active—a person who had already participated in 2006 atthe time of the screening interview. 2. Avid —a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in2005 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had spent $300 or more. 3. Average—a person who had not yet participated in 2006, but in 2005 had taken trips to wildlife watch for less than 21 days and had spent less than $300 ORhad not participated in wildlifewatching activities but was very likely to in the remainder of 2006. 4. Infrequent —a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006, but was somewhat likelyor somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2006. 5. Nonparticipant —a person who had not participated in 2005 or 2006 AND was very unlikely to participate during the remainder of 2006. Persons were selected for the detailed sample based on these groupings, but persons in the nonparticipant group were not eligible for a detailed interview. A subsample of each of the other groups was selected to receive a detailed interview with the chanceof selection diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. Wildlife-watching participants were given the detailed interview twice. Some received their fi rst detailed interview at the same time as the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006). The rest received their fi rst detailed interview in September or October 2006. All wildlife-watching participants received their second interview in January or February 2007. If Census Bureau field representatives were not able to obtain the fi rst interview, they attempted to interview the person in the fi nalinterviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. About 494persons were designated for interviews in Florida. The detailed wildlife-watching sample sizes varied by state to get reliable state-level estimates. During each interview period, about 28percent of the designated persons were not found at home or were unavailable for some other reason. Overall, about 357detailed wildlife-watcher interviews were completed at a response rate of 72percent. 

## ESTIMATION PROCEDURE Several stages of adjustments were used to derive the fi nal 2006 FHWAR person weights. A brief description of the major components of the weights is given next.

## 68 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## All statistics for the population 6 to 15 years of age were derived from the screening interview. Statistics for the population 16 years old and older come from both the screening and detailed interviews. Estimates that come from the screening sample are presented in Appendix B. A. Screening Sample Every interviewed person in the screening sample received a screening weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Base Weight. The base weight is the inverse of the household’s probability of selection. 2. Household Noninterview Adjustment. The noninterview adjustment infl ates the weightassigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but for which no interview was obtained. 3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 824 areas designated for our samples were selected from 2,025 such areas of the United States. Some sample areas represent only themselves and are referred to as self- representing. The remaining areas represent other areassimilar in selected characteristics and are thus designated non-self-representing. The fi rst-stage factor reduces the component of variation arisingfrom sampling the non-selfrepresenting areas. 4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This adjustment brings the estimates of the total population into agreement with census-basedestimates of the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack military populations for each state. B. Sportspersons Sample Every interviewed person in the sportspersons detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s fi nal weight from the screening sample. 2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor infl ates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsampling done within each sportsperson stratum. 3. Sportspersons Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed sportspersons to account for sportspersons selected for the detailed sample for whom no interview was obtained. Aperson was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within the sportspersons sampling stratum. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample Every interviewed person in the wildlife-watchers detailed sample received a weight that was the product of the following factors: 1. Screening Weight. This is the person’s fi nal weight from the screening sample. 2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum Adjustment. This factor infl ates the weights of persons selected for the detailed sample to account for the subsamplingdone within each wildlifewatcher stratum. 3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview Adjustment. This factor adjusts the weights of the interviewed wildlife-watching participants to account for wildlife watchers selected for the detailed sample for which no interview wasobtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not interviewed in the third wave of interviewing. 4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to the screening sample within wildlife-watcherssampling strata. This adjustment brings the population estimates of persons aged 16 years old and older from the detailed sample into agreement with the same estimates from the screening sample, which was a much larger sample. 

## ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES A sample survey estimate has two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. The accuracy of an estimate depends on both types of error. The nature of the sampling error is known given the survey design; the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. 

## NONSAMPLING ERROR For a given estimator, the difference between the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population and the true population value being estimated is known as nonsampling error. There are several sources of nonsampling error that may occur during the development or execution of the survey. It can occur because of circumstances created by the interviewer, the respondent, the survey instrument, or the way the data are collected and processed. For example, errors could occur because: • The interviewer records the wrong answer, the respondent providesincorrect information, the respondent estimates the requested information, or an unclear survey question is misunderstood by the respondent (measurement error). • Some individuals who should have been included in the survey frame were missed (coverage error). • Responses are not collected from all those in the sample or the respondent is unwilling to provide information (nonresponse error). • Values are estimated imprecisely for missing data (imputation error). • Forms may be lost, data may be incorrectly keyed, coded, or recoded, etc. (processing error).U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 69 The Census Bureau employs quality control procedures throughout the production process, including the overall design of surveys, the wording of questions, the review of the work of interviewers and coders, and the statistical review of reports to minimize these errors. Two types of nonsampling error that can be examined to a limited extent are nonresponse and undercoverage. Nonresponse. The effect of nonresponse cannot be measured directly, but one indication of its potential effect is the nonresponse rate. For the FHWAR screener interview in Florida, the household-level nonresponse rate was 7 percent. The person-level nonresponse rate for the detailed sportsperson interview in Florida was an additional 29 percent and for the wildlife watchers it was 28 percent. Since the screener nonresponse rate is a household-levelrate and the detailed interview nonresponse rate is a person-level rate, we cannot combine these rates to derive an overall nonresponse rate. Since it is unlikely the nonresponding households to the FHWAR have the same numberof persons as the households successfully interviewed, combining these rates would result in an overestimate ofthe “true” person-level overall nonresponse rate for the detailed interviews. Coverage. Overall screener undercoverage is estimated to be about 13percent. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the bias due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have differentcharacteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. Comparability of Data. Data obtained from the 2006 FHWAR and other sources are not entirely comparable.This results from differences in interviewer training and experience and in differing survey processes. This is an example of nonsampling variability not refl ected in the standard errors. Therefore, caution should be used when comparing results from different sources. (See Appendix C.) A Nonsampling Error Warning. Since the full extent of the nonsampling error is unknown, one should be particularly careful when interpreting results based on small differences between estimates. The Census Bureau recommends that data users incorporate information about nonsampling errors into their analyses, as nonsampling error could impact the conclusions drawn from the results. Caution should also be used when interpreting results based on a relatively small number of cases. Summary measures (such as medians and percentage distributions) probably do not reveal useful information when computed on a subpopulation smaller than 50,000 for screener data, 65,000 for the detailed sportsperson data, and 230,000 for the wildlife-watchers data. 

## SAMPLING ERROR Since the FHWAR estimates come from a sample, they may differ from fi gures from an enumeration of the entirepopulation using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. For a given estimator, the difference between an estimate based on a sample and the estimate that would result if the sample were to include the entire population is known as sampling error. Standard errors, as calculated by methods described in “Standard Errors and Their Use,” are primarily measures of the magnitude of sampling error. However, they may include some nonsampling error. Standard Errors and Their Use. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confi dence interval. A confi dence interval is a range that has a known probability of including the average result of all possible samples. For example, if all possible samples were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and if an estimate and its standard error were calculated from each sample, thenapproximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below the estimate to 1.645 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. A particular confi dence interval may or may not contain the average estimate derived from all possible samples. However, one can say with specifi ed confi dence that the interval includes the average estimate calculated from all possible samples. Standard errors may also be used to perform hypothesis testing, a procedure for distinguishing between population parameters using sample estimates.The most common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters are different. An example would be comparing the proportion of anglers to the proportion of hunters. Tests may be performed at various levels of signifi cance. A signifi cance level is the probability of concluding that the characteristics are different when, in fact, they are the same. Forexample, to conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.1 level of signifi cance, the absolute value of theestimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal to 1.645 times the standard error of the difference. This report uses 90-percent confi dence intervals and 0.1 level of signifi cance to determine statistical validity. Consultstandard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. Estimating Standard Errors. The Census Bureau uses replication methods to estimate the standard errors of FHWAR estimates. These methods primarily measure the magnitude of sampling error. However, they do measure some effects of nonsampling error as well. They do not measuresystematic biases in the data associated with nonsampling error. Bias is the average over all possible samples of the differences between the sample estimates and the true value. Generalized Variance Parameters. While it is possible to compute and present an estimate of the standard error based on the survey data for each estimate in a report, there are a number of reasons why this is not done. A presentation of the individual standard errors would be of limited use, since one could not possibly predict all of the combinations of results that may be of interest to data users. Additionally, data users have access to FHWAR microdata fi les, and it is impossible to compute in advance the standard error for every estimate one might obtain from those data sets. Moreover, variance estimatesare based on sample data and have variances of their own. Therefore, some methods of stabilizing these estimatesof variance, for example, by generalizing or averaging over time, may be used to improve their reliability.

## 70 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

## Experience has shown that certain groups of estimates have similar relationships between their variances and expected values.Modeling or generalizing may provide more stable variance estimates by taking advantage of these similarities. The generalized variance function is a simple model that expresses the variance as a function of the expected value of the survey estimate

.The parameters of the generalized variance function are estimated using direct replicate variances. These generalized variance parameters provide a relatively easy method to obtain approximate standard errors for numerous characteristics. Tables D-4 to D-9 provide the generalized variance parameters for FHWAR data. Methods for using the parameters to calculate standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, sx

## , of an estimated number shown in this report can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons, anglers, and wildlife watchers.

Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures.

Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number Suppose there were an estimated 33,916,000 persons age 16 years old and older who either fi shed or hunted in the United States in 2006. Using formula (1) with the parameters a = –0.000027 and b = 6,125 from table D-5, the approximate standard error of the estimated number of 33,916,000 sportspersons age 16 years old and older is

The 90-percent confi dence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16 years old and older is from 33,225,000 to 34,607,000, i.e., 33,916,000 ± 1.645 x 420,330. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older who engaged in 219,925,000 days of participation in 2006. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = –0.000235, b = –85,241, and c = 22,698 from table D-7, the approximate standard error on 219,925,000 estimated days on an estimated base of 12,510,000 hunters is

The 90-percent confi dence interval on the estimate of 219,925,000 days is from 207,436,000 to 232,414,000, i.e., 219,925,000 ± 1.645 x 7,592,000. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the tables indicated by the numerator. The approximate standard error, sx,p

## , can be obtained by use of the formula 

# s ax bx

x 

#  2



# (2) 

# s ax bx cx y x 

#  2 2



# s bp p
x x p

, 

# ( )

 100 sx 

#  u  u 0 000027 33 916 000 6 125 33 916 000 420 330 2 

# . ,, , ,, ,



# sx 

#  u  u  u 0 000235 219 925 000 85 241 219 925 000 22 698 219 925 000 12 510 000 7 592 000 2 2



# . ,, , ,, , ,,

, , , , (1)

(3)U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 71 Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage (0 ≤p ≤100); and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older of whom 18.3 percent hunted migratorybirds. From table D-5, the appropriate b parameter is 5,756. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the estimate of 18.3 percent is

Consequently, the 90-percent confi dence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16 years old and older is from 16.9 percent to 19.7 percent, i.e., 18.3 ± 1.645 x 0.83. Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to

where sx

## and sy

## are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true standard error. Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference Suppose there were an estimated 11,655,000 females in the age range of 18 to 24 of whom 726,000 or 6.2 percent were sportspersons. Similarly, suppose there were an estimated 11,638,000 males in the same age range of whom 1,929,000 or 16.6 percent were sportspersons. The apparent difference between the percentage of female and male sportspersons is 10.4 percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from table D-5, the approximate standard errors of 6.2 percentand 16.6 percent are 0.55 and 0.85, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 10.4 percent is

The 90-percent confi dence interval on the difference between 18-to-24-year-old female and male sportspersons is from 8.7 to 12.1, i.e., 10.4 ± 1.645 x 1.02. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 90-percent confi dence that the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old female sportspersons is less than the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old male sportspersons. Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as:

Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below.

In formula (5), r represents the correlation coeffi cient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r. 

# sx p

, 

# ,. .

, , . uu  5 756 18 3 100 18 3 12 510 000 083

(4) 

# s ss

xy x y

 

#  2 2



# sx y

 

#  055 085 102 2 2



# ...



# x y total days total anglers

s x y s x s y r s s xy x y x y xy 

## a ¬ « o 1⁄4 »  a ¬ « o 1⁄4 »

 2 2 

## 2 

# (5)

## 72 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

# sx y 

# a ¬ « o 1⁄4 »  a ¬ « o 1⁄4 »  u u u 516 781 000 29 952 000 158 280 079 516 781 000 399 342 29 952 000 2 07 15 828 079 399 342 516 781 000 29 952 000 0 40 2 2 

# , ,

, , , ,

, , ,

, , . ,, ,

,, ,, . Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average Suppose that the estimated number of the average days per angler aged 16 years old and older for all fi shing was 17.3 days. Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 516,781,000, and total anglers, 29,952,000, to be 15,828,079 and 399,342, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 17.3 days is

Therefore, the 90-percent confi dence interval on the estimated average of 17.3 days is from 16.6 to 18.0, i.e., 17.3 ± 1.645 x 0.40.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 73 Table D-1. **Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Anglers, Days of Fishing by State Residents, and Expenditures for Fishing by State Residents**  (Numbers in thousands)

State Participation Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 41 13,164 2,463 791,187 136,335 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 10 1,965 329 221,328 43,350 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 32 4,378 1,163 293,510 62,037 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 38 10,078 1,788 364,528 71,945 California

................................. 1,689 102 19,649 2,646 2,707,995 428,592 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 40 6,737 1,081 1,093,571 147,080 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 20 6,239 1,239 442,724 95,897 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 6 1,521 397 138,601 28,408 Florida

................................... 1,950 100 43,026 5,370 3,618,499 514,463 Georgia

................................... 1,060 77 18,449 3,935 1,050,608 183,960 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 8 1,345 300 82,728 22,551 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 22 4,126 1,222 234,363 52,127 Illinois

.................................... 1,034 62 21,351 2,579 1,315,192 197,171 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 50 10,583 1,315 696,389 128,034 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 34 7,017 1,319 398,654 78,100 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 27 5,643 916 299,896 63,027 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 45 9,874 1,600 963,254 239,107 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 47 1 1,075 1,337 807,063 153,792 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 17 3,854 800 147,473 26,410 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 32 6,571 1,028 661,078 99,475 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 29 9,309 1,784 954,647 229,603 Michigan

.................................. 1,098 89 23,239 4,004 1,662,875 364,329 Minnesota

................................. 1,143 75 23,025 4,850 2,467,491 483,774 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 34 7,515 1,198 280,529 55,307 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 59 16,227 2,889 1,032,407 160,090 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 16 2,455 424 140,895 27,916 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 15 3,208 532 217,437 36,020 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 16 1,958 447 304,133 73,096 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 10 2,488 442 141,041 27,264 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 33 9,237 1,601 1,167,944 196,789 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 18 2,451 838 254,023 76,563 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 81 16,157 3,315 844,153 194,665 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 63 16,106 2,626 1,039,286 198,626 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 8 1,150 205 96,908 19,580 Ohio

..................................... 1,293 91 17,583 3,199 1,118,439 226,342 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 39 10,363 1,487 486,013 88,047 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 39 8,104 2,308 507,625 101,717 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 87 20,592 4,258 1,625,022 272,116 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6 1,480 207 125,121 25,668 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 39 1 1,174 1,814 1,101,128 340,271 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 9 1,456 254 137,159 28,262 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 54 13,966 2,025 576,667 110,670 Texas

..................................... 2,344 172 40,101 5,924 3,883,589 796,872 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 26 3,841 851 408,986 84,433 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7 1,506 279 59,132 12,200 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 58 9,932 1,331 669,565 140,722 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 43 9,111 1,394 967,520 180,668 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 25 6,967 1,000 335,880 104,458 Wisconsin

................................. 1,025 66 17,771 2,431 1,193,390 201,965 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 10 1,360 282 450,339 133,641

## 74 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table D-2. **Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Hunters, Days of Hunting by State Residents, and Expenditures for Hunting by State Residents**  (Numbers in thousands)

State Participation Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 30 8,032 1,831 596,485 114,760 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 859 205 11 1,535 25,306 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 15 1,535 405 360,537 108,628 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 31 7,630 1,629 765,599 146,698 California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 43 4,192 1,041 960,932 230,698 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 18 1,421 303 219,545 57,088 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 693 181 96,638 38,704 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 512 148 33,836 7,761 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 40 5,723 1,200 870,391 205,731 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 42 7,180 1,643 502,017 135,282 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 421 214 24,992 9,869 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 15 1,187 256 142,708 33,385 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 32 4,609 938 416,950 80,383 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 30 4,617 930 243,058 60,232 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 26 3,734 869 260,147 60,083 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 23 2,717 723 231,228 58,822 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 29 5,108 637 507,473 116,274 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 33 7,155 1,443 618,264 142,285 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 14 2,042 319 211,434 40,017 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 17 2,213 399 230,214 44,830 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11 1,629 562 238,670 98,246 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 79 1 1,756 2,256 846,455 202,158 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 53 6,947 1,571 752,098 171,270 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 24 6,227 820 446,639 89,602 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 49 9,685 1,876 1,027,698 167,223 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 14 1,817 315 219,465 46,679 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 13 1,647 349 176,456 33,615 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10 687 249 149,750 51,854 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 1,037 206 77,932 19,911 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 12 1,621 342 160,737 44,444 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11 734 240 109,297 35,712 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 52 9,734 1,927 835,147 258,055 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 34 5,428 1,059 688,691 160,961 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 8 1,125 207 92,576 18,993 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 53 10,728 2,771 863,874 214,994 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 28 5,556 1,209 463,726 95,364 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 24 2,768 718 336,278 69,062 Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 92 17,401 2,585 1,581,058 276,321 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 184 45 13,766 4,278 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 23 4,025 1,294 253,796 115,579 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 8 1,208 233 87,120 15,955 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 34 6,318 1,224 481,767 114,181 Texas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 108 13,896 1,937 2,048,671 462,353 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 18 1,884 530 332,629 76,446 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6 1,068 157 69,059 15,885 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 47 6,649 1,156 493,125 110,305 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 25 2,385 563 389,792 117,244 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 21 3,602 578 325,688 116,172 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 53 9,998 1,316 1,329,161 272,105 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 604 149 89,832 29,427U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 75 Table D-3. **Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Away-From-Home Participants, Days of Away-From-Home Participants by State Residents, and Trip-Related Expenditures for**  **Away-From-Home Activities by State Residents** (Numbers in thousands)

State Participation Days Expenditures in dollars Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 50 7,301 3,047 198,132 61,485 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 13 1,492 520 65,576 27,602 Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 42 4,554 886 301,997 75,465 Arkansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 46 4,253 1,372 70,098 25,680 California

................................. 2,565 200 46,538 8,681 2,226,634 504,935 Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 67 7,548 1,984 303,943 83,737 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 33 4,987 1,043 240,708 61,745 Delaware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8 811 276 12,490 3,833 Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 119 13,180 3,390 455,521 105,349 Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 71 4,934 1,761 289,920 122,816 Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10 485 124 30,005 10,851 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 32 2,876 805 87,351 28,403 Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 92 7,366 1,477 431,477 115,300 Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 72 7,894 1,650 234,756 61,310 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 51 4,233 867 104,542 33,072 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 31 3,427 1,156 91,838 28,745 Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 68 3,978 835 163,835 45,402 Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 42 3,536 1,038 118,317 49,801 Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 30 3,938 1,066 105,340 28,268 Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 43 4,841 1,310 103,265 25,729 Massachusetts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 50 8,959 1,720 249,979 56,447 Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 127 10,455 3,288 522,877 153,343 Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 92 9,010 2,413 458,934 162,740 Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 35 1,391 421 77,767 27,913 Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 86 14,619 3,543 365,259 103,690 Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 23 1,777 498 57,461 20,990 Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 18 1,201 176 55,793 15,941 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 26 1,912 479 108,053 42,601 New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 16 2,246 561 61,263 14,140 New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 54 8,408 2,189 195,252 44,467 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 24 3,803 844 81,860 20,074 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,178 147 13,927 2,835 887,039 240,941 North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 59 3,544 1,035 324,968 105,504 North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8 278 120 8,290 3,921 Ohio

..................................... 1,174 125 9,232 1,427 365,635 95,003 Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 60 7,930 3,634 291,664 81,739 Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 66 7,455 3,205 177,364 51,932 Pennsylvania

............................... 1,038 127 13,013 2,727 587,806 168,911 Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 10 1,207 293 44,400 11,412 South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 46 2,222 471 167,464 44,431 South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 17 709 143 46,769 14,583 Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 82 14,819 4,776 242,507 73,041 Texas

..................................... 1,176 206 31,689 12,769 922,669 360,407 Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 36 3,063 817 116,401 32,391 Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 11 1,803 504 25,689 6,661 Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 81 6,888 1,850 154,992 39,913 Washington . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 56 8,918 1,333 314,680 69,667 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 31 3,205 1,345 83,475 37,348 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 73 4,367 1,129 188,626 54,452 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 13 894 223 54,472 19,022

## 76 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table D-4. **Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers, Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants**  (These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample)

State 6 years old and older 6- to 15-year-olds only aba b United States ........................................ –0.000015 4,173 –0.000365 14,798 Alabama

.............................................. –0.000523 2,173 –0.014402 8,642 Alaska

................................................ –0.001157 697 –0.024644 2,566 Arizona

............................................... –0.000399 2,178 –0.008468 7,441 Arkansas

.............................................. –0.001116 2,820 –0.026111 9,698 California

............................................. –0.000126 4,134 –0.003139 16,914 Colorado

.............................................. –0.000573 2,435 –0.019382 12,522 Connecticut

............................................ –0.000313 1,005 –0.008787 4,151 Delaware

.............................................. –0.000510 396 –0.014882 1,597 Florida

............................................... –0.000266 4,389 –0.006122 13,852 Georgia

............................................... –0.000568 4,653 –0.012587 16,121 Hawaii

............................................... –0.000437 517 –0.009528 1,602 Idaho

................................................. –0.001346 1,759 –0.042091 8,654 Illinois

................................................ –0.000296 3,416 –0.007029 12,542 Indiana

............................................... –0.000488 2,782 –0.012165 10,911 Iowa

................................................. –0.000762 2,062 –0.020347 7,491 Kansas

............................................... –0.000537 1,329 –0.016690 6,138 Kentucky

............................................. –0.000772 2,935 –0.018308 9,902 Louisiana

............................................. –0.000775 3,143 –0.017795 11,036 Maine

................................................ –0.000924 1,135 –0.030300 4,683 Maryland

............................................. –0.000357 1,821 –0.008162 6,298 Massachusetts

.......................................... –0.000261 1,521 –0.007130 5,692 Michigan

.............................................. –0.000685 6,318 –0.018937 26,784 Minnesota

............................................. –0.001009 4,733 –0.029835 20,037 Mississippi

............................................ –0.000757 1,982 –0.016992 6,865 Missouri

.............................................. –0.000670 3,534 –0.018329 13,847 Montana

.............................................. –0.001418 1,227 –0.033110 3,719 Nebraska

.............................................. –0.000567 902 –0.014086 3,277 Nevada

............................................... –0.000515 1,159 –0.011577 4,097 New Hampshire

........................................ –0.000535 650 –0.015945 2,744 New Jersey

............................................ –0.000209 1,655 –0.005070 6,099 New Mexico

........................................... –0.000620 1,097 –0.016872 4,557 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000320 5,582 –0.009275 22,967 North Carolina

......................................... –0.000416 3,286 –0.011916 14,068 North Dakota

.......................................... –0.001096 637 –0.036240 2,677 Ohio

................................................. –0.000484 5,045 –0.011219 17,172 Oklahoma

............................................. –0.000744 2,389 –0.020948 9,767 Oregon

............................................... –0.000752 2,533 –0.024824 11,839 Pennsylvania

........................................... –0.000544 6,176 –0.014615 22,903 Rhode Island

.......................................... –0.000315 308 –0.008710 1,182 South Carolina

......................................... –0.000560 2,174 –0.016004 9,034 South Dakota

.......................................... –0.001061 745 –0.025331 2,568 Tennessee

............................................. –0.000565 3,084 –0.015267 11,667 Texas

................................................. –0.000466 9,557 –0.011141 38,300 Utah

................................................. –0.000700 1,541 –0.018090 7,116 Vermont

.............................................. –0.001053 611 –0.032724 2,420 Virginia

............................................... –0.000450 3,102 –0.014313 14,311 Washington

............................................ –0.000349 2,031 –0.010251 8,539 West Virginia

.......................................... –0.001092 1,823 –0.042234 8,929 Wisconsin

............................................. –0.000820 4,156 –0.021060 15,086 Wyoming

............................................. –0.001268 592 –0.028116 1,742U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 77 Table D-5. **Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample** 

State Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older aba b United States ............................ –0.000027 6,125 –0.000025 5,756 Alabama

.................................. –0.000936 3,324 –0.000921 3,268 Alaska

.................................... –0.002197 1,096 –0.002013 1,004 Arizona

................................... –0.000641 2,941 –0.000403 1,849 Arkansas

.................................. –0.001833 3,951 –0.001705 3,674 California

................................. –0.000239 6,523 –0.000213 5,801 Colorado

.................................. –0.000960 3,459 –0.000735 2,650 Connecticut

................................ –0.000545 1,490 –0.000514 1,407 Delaware

.................................. –0.000758 507 –0.000720 482 Florida

................................... –0.000415 5,911 –0.000347 4,943 Georgia

................................... –0.000965 6,668 –0.000752 5,199 Hawaii

................................... –0.000763 774 –0.000751 761 Idaho

..................................... –0.002486 2,738 –0.001888 2,080 Illinois

.................................... –0.000430 4,201 –0.000388 3,789 Indiana

................................... –0.000821 3,939 –0.000777 3,729 Iowa

..................................... –0.001383 3,234 –0.001535 3,589 Kansas

................................... –0.001097 2,315 –0.001433 3,024 Kentucky

................................. –0.001222 3,983 –0.001048 3,415 Louisiana

................................. –0.001300 4,464 –0.001271 4,365 Maine

.................................... –0.001560 1,675 –0.001469 1,578 Maryland

................................. –0.000552 2,392 –0.000456 1,975 Massachusetts

.............................. –0.000412 2,072 –0.000383 1,929 Michigan

.................................. –0.001085 8,470 –0.001214 9,474 Minnesota

................................. –0.001694 6,812 –0.001504 6,049 Mississippi

................................ –0.001355 3,000 –0.001169 2,588 Missouri

.................................. –0.001031 4,662 –0.001067 4,825 Montana

.................................. –0.002523 1,899 –0.002383 1,793 Nebraska

.................................. –0.001066 1,449 –0.001236 1,680 Nevada

................................... –0.000898 1,703 –0.000823 1,561 New Hampshire

............................ –0.000801 836 –0.000774 808 New Jersey

................................ –0.000327 2,200 –0.000251 1,690 New Mexico

............................... –0.001323 1,984 –0.001264 1,895 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000456 6,842 –0.000378 5,671 North Carolina

............................. –0.000713 4,794 –0.000588 3,951 North Dakota

.............................. –0.001558 791 –0.001754 890 Ohio

..................................... –0.000851 7,569 –0.000697 6,194 Oklahoma

................................. –0.001278 3,504 –0.001303 3,574 Oregon

................................... –0.001291 3,730 –0.001024 2,957 Pennsylvania

............................... –0.000867 8,490 –0.001030 10,089 Rhode Island

.............................. –0.000487 410 –0.000425 358 South Carolina

............................. –0.000983 3,259 –0.000981 3,251 South Dakota

.............................. –0.001728 1,038 –0.001532 920 Tennessee

................................. –0.001019 4,790 –0.000929 4,367 Texas

..................................... –0.000859 14,660 –0.000725 12,388 Utah

..................................... –0.001453 2,627 –0.001268 2,292 Vermont

.................................. –0.001514 766 –0.001403 710 Virginia

................................... –0.000885 5,215 –0.001105 6,510 Washington

................................ –0.000626 3,116 –0.000676 3,368 West Virginia

.............................. –0.001844 2,688 –0.001712 2,496 Wisconsin

................................. –0.001281 5,572 –0.001144 4,978 Wyoming

................................. –0.003226 1,306 –0.002251 911

## 78 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table D-6. **Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample** 

State Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older abcab c United States ............................ 0.000118 –150,479 22,234 0.000918 –401,912 17,005 Alabama

.................................. 0.019700 –12,417 5,855 0.016799 –96,800 6,317 Alaska

.................................... 0.030420 –2,004 1,057 0.031018 –14,867 1,091 Arizona

................................... 0.036222 –2,002 2,994 0.069395 –74,101 2,742 Arkansas

.................................. 0.024408 –27,794 6,433 0.010107 –101,205 7,942 California

................................. 0.018462 –35,800 10,686 0.027550 –58,262 9,255 Colorado

.................................. 0.008867 676 5,062 0.034102 –27,935 4,373 Connecticut

................................ 0.036498 –11,421 2,841 0.096937 –60,991 2,564 Delaware

.................................. 0.031385 –1,643 734 0.018489 –3,855 719 Florida

................................... 0.014951 –23,048 9,553 0.021932 –407,268 10,425 Georgia

................................... 0.022339 –47,820 8,031 0.051440 –143,590 7,061 Hawaii

................................... 0.065152 –5,771 830 0.123487 –5,097 588 Idaho

..................................... 0.034640 9,981 3,224 0.023728 –69,369 3,841 Illinois

.................................... 0.017187 6,704 5,219 0.024778 74,958 3,321 Indiana

................................... 0.027022 –16,160 4,558 0.042674 –61,618 4,557 Iowa

..................................... 0.033205 22,341 2,171 0.045665 –41,343 1,583 Kansas

................................... 0.034206 –23,245 3,454 0.042600 –116,049 4,343 Kentucky

................................. 0.051496 –17,125 5,942 0.025277 –89,098 6,822 Louisiana

................................. 0.023308 –66,118 7,237 0.027891 135,631 6,412 Maine

.................................... 0.022050 –7,457 2,175 0.021630 –12,360 2,038 Maryland

................................. 0.015599 –14,663 3,208 0.018873 –30,982 2,820 Massachusetts

.............................. 0.049013 –25,362 3,792 0.138120 –47,649 2,049 Michigan

.................................. 0.035078 –148,672 13,535 0.039658 –147,585 12,587 Minnesota

................................. 0.028185 –92,976 11,279 0.027553 –263,285 12,919 Mississippi

................................ 0.026713 –53,218 5,433 0.014058 –97,282 6,390 Missouri

.................................. 0.011821 –40,950 10,804 –0.005607 –190,726 17,070 Montana

.................................. 0.024760 –9,845 2,520 0.020119 –99,543 3,580 Nebraska

.................................. 0.018618 1,031 1,640 0.022265 –22,187 1,472 Nevada

................................... 0.048609 –9,688 1,387 0.102222 –32,513 1,074 New Hampshire

............................ 0.025253 –6,176 1,434 0.037780 –26,900 1,448 New Jersey

................................ 0.019672 –39,093 4,262 0.029909 –90,209 3,910 New Mexico

............................... 0.084483 2,232 1,181 0.096226 20,132 683 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.039569 –84,193 13,133 0.069695 –128,553 12,761 North Carolina

............................. 0.029775 –35,783 6,154 0.035333 –15,128 5,717 North Dakota

.............................. 0.033611 –586 751 0.032562 6,176 804 Ohio

..................................... 0.031480 –41,813 11,082 0.040646 –140,259 8,710 Oklahoma

................................. 0.023920 –27,206 4,719 0.020041 –31,920 5,066 Oregon

................................... 0.029208 –11,360 5,033 0.019440 –76,401 4,937 Pennsylvania

............................... 0.011981 –92,207 15,295 0.014951 –17,951 14,434 Rhode Island

.............................. 0.033545 –2,922 634 0.053976 –12,463 565 South Carolina

............................. 0.082716 –96,641 6,922 0.191600 –23,834 2,573 South Dakota

.............................. 0.030933 682 1,071 0.018421 –25,518 1,356 Tennessee

................................. 0.027200 67,423 6,450 0.029272 –98,688 7,535 Texas

..................................... 0.032817 –69,604 20,795 0.027826 –146,956 22,831 Utah

..................................... 0.033896 –13,369 2,671 0.024396 –195,230 4,439 Vermont

.................................. 0.022379 –4,177 1,337 0.026395 –21,534 1,476 Virginia

................................... 0.035897 –28,532 5,705 0.032298 –68,680 6,293 Washington

................................ 0.026464 –45,106 5,612 0.081551 81,860 1,611 West Virginia

.............................. 0.086611 –39,384 2,945 0.103915 –184,675 4,610 Wisconsin

................................. 0.017762 –81,329 10,849 0.029543 –54,069 8,015 Wyoming

................................. 0.075474 –5,404 1,197 0.090886 12,235 847U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 79 Table D-7. **Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the Detailed Sportspersons Sample** 

State Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older abcab c United States ............................ 0.000211 –23,610 23,157 –0.000235 –85,241 22,698 Alabama

.................................. 0.027360 –4,011 4,995 0.035544 –6,621 5,383 Alaska

.................................... 0.016117 –432 1,681 0.027498 8 1,622 Arizona

................................... 0.065842 –511 1,775 0.053516 –8,367 2,773 Arkansas

.................................. 0.013952 –12,325 8,675 0.024038 –5,931 6,861 California

................................. 0.010707 –16,022 13,917 0.028439 –23,877 12,350 Colorado

.................................. 0.019267 4,638 3,198 0.017940 128 3,608 Connecticut

................................ 0.034363 –781 1,504 0.024306 –1,047 1,829 Delaware

.................................. 0.061308 –234 527 0.058226 –184 529 Florida

................................... 0.010264 –17,862 11,170 0.022310 21,695 5,794 Georgia

................................... 0.040208 –10,805 6,234 0.044845 16,702 1,853 Hawaii

................................... 0.034563 –1,603 1,552 0.212584 –1,169 945 Idaho

..................................... 0.069064 –15,482 4,996 0.024568 –5,756 3,301 Illinois

.................................... 0.005932 –8,487 9,365 0.001562 –38,372 13,100 Indiana

................................... 0.006553 –5,775 6,973 0.018011 –6,028 6,053 Iowa

..................................... 0.026962 –7,704 4,252 0.037766 –10,398 4,032 Kansas

................................... 0.015744 –2,510 4,078 0.046706 –21,946 6,195 Kentucky

................................. 0.015099 –6,026 7,313 –0.014871 –7,130 8,307 Louisiana

................................. 0.004012 –4,767 6,568 0.022152 –3,240 5,213 Maine

.................................... 0.030520 –7,661 3,270 0.003096 –10,278 3,842 Maryland

................................. 0.017639 –6,240 3,697 0.011515 –6,512 3,608 Massachusetts

.............................. 0.027491 –3,619 4,355 0.044116 –8,700 5,301 Michigan

.................................. 0.011920 –23,905 20,643 0.025076 23,642 7,030 Minnesota

................................. 0.035500 –7,447 10,504 0.027723 –23,061 14,333 Mississippi

................................ 0.015625 –10,362 5,357 –0.000218 –2,695 4,394 Missouri

.................................. 0.019454 –11,342 12,042 0.010034 –70,146 19,451 Montana

.................................. 0.018290 –1,849 2,202 0.013948 –3,887 2,640 Nebraska

.................................. 0.009103 –2,063 3,655 –0.005553 –28,329 7,091 Nevada

................................... 0.043203 –1,733 1,536 0.123560 535 425 New Hampshire

............................ 0.019444 –2,643 1,627 0.013722 400 1,313 New Jersey

................................ 0.026108 1,903 1,969 0.013215 –1,967 2,735 New Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 12638 –431 817 0.096905 807 610 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.029022 –22,367 14,881 0.008095 –27,096 17,017 North Carolina

............................. 0.021276 –6,354 5,499 0.012831 –28,563 9,265 North Dakota

.............................. 0.019007 –3,002 1,621 0.008541 –5,760 2,617 Ohio

..................................... 0.022273 –21,768 15,604 0.044683 –9,949 10,955 Oklahoma

................................. 0.006405 –10,237 8,296 0.013165 –12,426 8,445 Oregon

................................... 0.073495 –1,650 3,786 0.042692 –10,309 6,182 Pennsylvania

............................... 0.027085 –24,417 16,685 –0.014656 –134,270 41,466 Rhode Island

.............................. 0.011732 –506 680 0.021282 –344 525 South Carolina

............................. 0.014487 –6,537 6,823 0.086503 1,677 2,737 South Dakota

.............................. 0.012863 –1,152 1,751 0.019075 –2,901 1,859 Tennessee

................................. 0.005611 –9,561 11,404 –0.011681 –60,797 16,711 Texas

..................................... 0.014288 –13,795 18,462 –0.003611 –31,876 25,228 Utah

..................................... 0.041500 –1,853 2,544 0.071790 3,964 792 Vermont

.................................. 0.016042 –1,485 1,360 –0.006963 –2,952 1,792 Virginia

................................... 0.008112 –5,920 7,627 0.011922 165 6,590 Washington

................................ 0.017168 –6,558 4,800 0.045009 3,663 1,723 West Virginia

.............................. 0.006512 –2,872 4,433 0.001964 –2,897 4,911 Wisconsin

................................. 0.009197 –14,330 10,587 –0.002285 –35,565 15,098 Wyoming

................................. 0.025766 –1,835 1,823 0.034258 –3,738 1,705

## 80 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 

### Table D-8. **Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels of Wildlife Watching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample** 

State Away-from-home participants Wildlife-watching participants 1 aba b United States ........................................ –0.000064 14,628 –0.000058 13,319 Alabama

.............................................. –0.002522 8,955 –0.002252 7,994 Alaska

................................................ –0.005091 2,539 –0.005744 2,864 Arizona

............................................... –0.001212 5,555 –0.001128 5,170 Arkansas

.............................................. –0.003685 7,943 –0.003787 8,163 California

............................................. –0.000633 17,272 –0.000632 17,247 Colorado

.............................................. –0.002818 10,157 –0.002773 9,995 Connecticut

............................................ –0.001942 5,313 –0.001578 4,317 Delaware

.............................................. –0.002431 1,625 –0.002061 1,378 Florida

............................................... –0.001067 15,191 –0.001082 15,396 Georgia

............................................... –0.002273 15,705 –0.002082 14,383 Hawaii

............................................... –0.002169 2,200 –0.002077 2,106 Idaho

................................................. –0.005872 6,469 –0.006027 6,640 Illinois

................................................ –0.001350 13,189 –0.001237 12,083 Indiana

............................................... –0.002090 10,031 –0.002026 9,722 Iowa

................................................. –0.003442 8,051 –0.003725 8,712 Kansas

............................................... –0.002087 4,403 –0.002245 4,737 Kentucky

............................................. –0.003921 12,780 –0.003130 10,201 Louisiana

............................................. –0.002878 9,878 –0.002325 7,980 Maine

................................................ –0.005383 5,779 –0.005003 5,372 Maryland

............................................. –0.001401 6,072 –0.001512 6,552 Massachusetts

.......................................... –0.001153 5,803 –0.001045 5,260 Michigan

.............................................. –0.003188 24,879 –0.002805 21,892 Minnesota

............................................. –0.004869 19,579 –0.004257 17,116 Mississippi

............................................ –0.004033 8,929 –0.004149 9,184 Missouri

.............................................. –0.003241 14,653 –0.002731 12,349 Montana

.............................................. –0.006536 4,919 –0.005006 3,768 Nebraska

.............................................. –0.001913 2,600 –0.001770 2,406 Nevada

............................................... –0.003763 7,131 –0.002387 4,524 New Hampshire

........................................ –0.002265 2,364 –0.002070 2,160 New Jersey

............................................ –0.000942 6,346 –0.000899 6,057 New Mexico

........................................... –0.002139 3,207 –0.002023 3,034 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.001498 22,454 –0.001320 19,791 North Carolina

......................................... –0.001307 8,785 –0.001368 9,194 North Dakota

.......................................... –0.004745 2,408 –0.004900 2,486 Ohio

................................................. –0.001834 16,302 –0.001729 15,365 Oklahoma

............................................. –0.004720 12,946 –0.003724 10,214 Oregon

............................................... –0.004482 12,948 –0.003771 10,895 Pennsylvania

........................................... –0.001862 18,235 –0.001779 17,426 Rhode Island

.......................................... –0.001588 1,338 –0.001451 1,222 South Carolina

......................................... –0.002527 8,378 –0.002147 7,118 South Dakota

.......................................... –0.005879 3,532 –0.005273 3,168 Tennessee

............................................. –0.002040 9,583 –0.002340 10,996 Texas

................................................. –0.002981 50,906 –0.002276 38,865 Utah

................................................. –0.002948 5,329 –0.003322 6,007 Vermont

.............................................. –0.003834 1,940 –0.003687 1,866 Virginia

............................................... –0.002142 12,625 –0.002049 12,078 Washington

............................................ –0.001012 5,037 –0.001076 5,361 West Virginia

.......................................... –0.005125 7,470 –0.005457 7,954 Wisconsin

............................................. –0.002461 10,707 –0.003232 14,058 Wyoming

............................................. –0.006998 2,833 –0.006562 2,657

1 Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and around-the-home participants.U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 81 Table D-9

. **Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and Days or Trips for Wildlife-Watching Participants** 

State Expenditures Days or trips abcab c United States ............................ 0.000184 –1,140,662 67,137 0.000574 1,457,630 –8,497 Alabama

.................................. 0.045588 –11,994 16,603 0.188740 –119,343 614 Alaska

.................................... 0.120206 –27,366 3,041 –0.124071 –135,739 22,893 Arizona

................................... 0.030207 –53,304 10,729 –0.012992 48,146 15,350 Arkansas

.................................. 0.099812 14,720 8,751 –0.017705 122,002 28,315 California

................................. 0.033850 –512,106 41,075 –0.045068 409,984 182,262 Colorado

.................................. 0.027999 –274,128 22,499 –0.048837 –38,813 65,367 Connecticut

................................ 0.021634 –65,691 10,399 –0.024457 –95,765 25,345 Delaware

.................................. 0.065106 –1,447 1,138 –0.008505 9,777 5,498 Florida

................................... 0.023886 346,119 21,198 0.008852 367,813 29,038 Georgia

................................... 0.074762 –1,010,585 34,617 –0.043108 –269,579 83,544 Hawaii

................................... 0.083826 –21,578 2,574 –0.072050 –22,450 10,110 Idaho

..................................... 0.062974 –42,113 7,740 –0.034736 –28,632 22,517 Illinois

.................................... 0.036256 –247,805 22,614 –0.015710 –127,759 55,397 Indiana

................................... 0.036663 –31,127 16,250 –0.011371 –60,979 38,357 Iowa

..................................... 0.079272 54,459 5,841 –0.010582 –64,612 23,312 Kansas

................................... 0.065343 2,002 6,423 –0.009647 290,376 9,046 Kentucky

................................. 0.054215 7,733 10,118 –0.027046 –203,563 66,052 Louisiana

................................. 0.122208 –20,968 9,262 –0.027645 11,297 25,905 Maine

.................................... 0.023874 –51,089 9,384 –0.124695 –361,658 61,734 Maryland

................................. 0.014472 –4,594 10,674 0.003905 125,364 13,230 Massachusetts

.............................. 0.028723 –178,823 9,836 –0.028071 –151,233 43,446 Michigan

.................................. 0.034044 –350,268 38,895 –0.189982 –1,478,372 355,858 Minnesota

................................. 0.074185 –156,337 26,053 –0.037135 –287,075 81,476 Mississippi

................................ 0.069734 –5,671 8,343 0.007734 –4,828 12,669 Missouri

.................................. 0.050350 –370,879 19,939 –0.072363 –297,324 107,372 Montana

.................................. 0.096467 –101,441 7,127 0.021739 75,970 2,590 Nebraska

.................................. 0.057553 –29,126 3,150 –0.037603 –53,492 15,634 Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 14708 –32,736 5,704 0.007035 8,360 8,647 New Hampshire

............................ 0.014724 –17,918 4,039 –0.004938 74,043 4,376 New Jersey

................................ 0.022949 –169,333 13,969 –0.040442 238,149 40,992 New Mexico

............................... 0.036652 16,768 4,306 –0.023441 72,449 11,803 New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.042036 –450,788 32,575 –0.019285 –366,511 102,534 North Carolina

............................. 0.061423 –16,794 13,694 –0.012815 19,657 37,216 North Dakota

.............................. 0.155007 –2,199 1,794 0.150664 6,024 376 Ohio

..................................... 0.035458 –205,570 28,049 –0.018753 –103,758 63,267 Oklahoma

................................. 0.036357 –21,977 15,171 –0.000564 1,344,926 16,961 Oregon

................................... 0.062814 –65,011 9,965 –0.004734 831,881 37,513 Pennsylvania

............................... 0.054585 –176,791 24,331 –0.024636 –296,844 94,825 Rhode Island

.............................. 0.037242 –31 2,537 –0.019391 234 7,490 South Carolina

............................. 0.017341 –52,304 14,141 –0.021836 –45,588 28,960 South Dakota

.............................. 0.058011 –16,346 3,878 –0.063876 –12,873 14,245 Tennessee

................................. 0.058962 –19,581 19,197 –0.067979 539,487 98,190 Texas

..................................... 0.107126 268,978 41,639 –0.115263 –2,660,430 425,213 Utah

..................................... 0.056246 –5,750 4,842 –0.002938 –77,345 25,347 Vermont

.................................. 0.005556 –22,018 4,065 –0.014449 33,588 6,073 Virginia

................................... 0.043764 –51,970 12,817 –0.046070 –227,508 91,189 Washington

................................ 0.030615 –16,210 11,199 –0.000250 36,174 12,719 West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 18586 –4,653 8,819 –0.073404 38,459 30,640 Wisconsin

................................. 0.009997 –400,732 26,411 –0.015178 –125,383 46,927 Wyoming

................................. 0.083907 –31,350 3,012 –0.062286 –29,913 12,976U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 

## 83 

# Notes

# Florida U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov January 2008