NASA/CR-2011-216301

30 WS North Base Wind Study

Mark Wheeler

ENSCO, Inc., Cocoa Beach, Florida

NASA Applied Meteorology Unit, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

May 2011
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NASA/CR-2011-216301

30 WS North Base Wind Study

Mark Wheeler

ENSCO, Inc., Cocoa Beach, Florida

NASA Applied Meteorology Unit, Kennedy Space Center, Florida

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Kennedy Space Center

Kennedy Space Center, FL 332899-0001

May 2011
Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Dr. William Bauman and Ms. Winifred Crawford ofthe Applied

Meteorology Unit for lending their data management expertise to this task.

Available from:

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7115 Standard Drive

Ha over, MD 21076-1320

443-757-5802

This report is also available in electronic form at

http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/amu/
Executive Summary

The 30 Weather Squadron (30 WS) is concerned about strong winds observed at their northern towers without

advance warning. They state that terrain influences along the extreme northern fringes of Vandenberg Air Force

Base (VAFB) make it difficult for forecasters to issue timely and accurate high wind warnings for northeasterly

wind events. These events tend to occur during the winter or early spring when they are under the influence of the

Great Basin high pressure weather regime. The Launch Weather Officers (LWOs) have seen these rapid wind

increases in the current northern Towers 60, 70 and 71 in excess oftheir 35 kt operational warning threshold.

For this task, the 30 WS requested the Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) analyze data from days when these

towers reported winds in excess of 35 kt and determine if there were any precursors in the observations that would

allow the LWOs to better forecast and warn their operational customers for these wind events. The 30 WS provided

wind tower data for the cool season (October - March) from the period January 2004-March 20 IO.

The AMU decoded and evaluated the wind tower data for 66 days identified by the 30 WS as having high-wind

events. Out of the 66 event days, only 30 had wind speed observations of 2': 35 kt from at least one of the three

northern towers. The AMU analyzed surface and upper air charts to determine the synoptic conditions for each event

day along with tower peak wind speed and direction time series and wind rose charts for all 30 event days.

The analysis revealed a trend on all event days in which the tower winds shifted to the northeast for a period of

time before the frrst recorded 2': 35 kt wind speed. The time periods for the 30 event days ranged from 20 minutes to

several hours, with a median value of 110 minutes. This trend, if monitored, could give the 30 WS forecasters a

precursor to assist in issuing an operational warning before a high wind event occurs.

The AMU recommends developing a high-wind alert capability for VAFB using a local mesoscale model to

forecast these wind events. The model should incorporate all ofthe VAFB local data sets and have a forecast

capability of between 2 to 24 hours. Such a model would allow the meteorologists at VAFB to alert the operational

customers of high wind events in a timely manner so protective action could be taken.

3
Table of Contents

1. Introduction 7

2. Data 7

3. Peak Speed Events 8

3.1 Data Analysis 8

3.2 Terrain Influences 8

4. Example Wind Events 9

4.1 28 November 2007 9

4.2 21 October 2007 10

4.3 Summary of Events 12

5. Summary and Recommendations 13

6. Appendix A: Tower Peak Wind Speed and Direction Plots for all other Events 15

4
Figure I.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

5

List of Figures

Google Earth map ofthe VAFB tower locations as yellow circles with white tower numbers.

The towers for this task are surrounded by the yellow ellipse 7

Google Earth terrain map showing the three northern VAFB tower locations as yellow circles

with white tower numbers. The white dashed line highlights top of elevated range to the west

and the white arrows highlight valleys that would enhance wind flow out ofthe northeast. 8

The surface weather map ofthe west coast for 28 November 2007 at 1200 UTe. A High

pressure system is centered in the Pacific Northwest. The isobars (brown lines) indicate the

flow at VAFB (red star in lower left) would be east to southeast. 9

The peak wind direction (A) and speed (B) on 28 November 2007. The thick black vertical

line in both charts marks the first 35 kt peak wind speed at Tower 70 (blue curve) at 0530

UTC 9

The wind rose plot for Tower 70 at 54 ft on 28 November 2007. Red circles are plots of wind

speeds of 35 kt or greater. The legend for other speeds is in the top right. 10

Surface weather maps ofthe west coast for 20/21 October 2007 at 1200 UTe. Map (A) details

a cold front moving through VAFI3. By the morning of October 21, 2007 (B) a high pressure

system is centered over Oregon with a ridge extending to the southeast. The brown lines

depict the pressure pattern, which would produce an east-to-southeast flow near VAFB. The

red stars show the location of VAFB 10

The peak wind direction (A) and speed (B) on 21 October 2007. The black vertical line in

both charts highlights the first northeast 2:35 kt peak wind occurrence from Tower 71. The

earlier peak wind speeds between 0000-0230 UTC were associated with the cold front that

had moved through VAFB II
Table 1.

Table 2.

6

List of Tables

Tower 71 peak wind speed and direction observations for the event on 21 October 2007 11

Details ofthe 30 wind events including date, time of wind direction change to the northeast,

time offlfSt peak wind 2: 35 kt, direction ofthe first peak wind, and the time between the wind

shift to the northeast and the 2: 35 kt observation 12
1. Introduction

The 30th Weather Squadron (30 WS) states that terrain influences along the extreme northern fringes of

Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) make it difficult for forecasters to issue timely and accurate high wind

warnings for that particular part of the base during northeasterly wind events. These events tend to occur during the

winter or early spring (October-March) when they are under the influence of the Great Basin high pressure weather

regime. The Launch Weather Officers (LWas) have seen these rapid wind increases in Towers 60, 70 and 71 along

the northern edge of VAFB in excess of their 35 kt warning threshold. For this task, the 30 WS requested the

Applied Meteorology Unit (AMU) retrieve and analyze data from days when the 30 WS reported that these towers

recorded winds in excess of 35 kt and determine if there are any precursors in the observations that would allow the

Lwas to better forecast and warn their operatio al customers for these wind events.

2. Data

The 30 WS provided the tower data for the period of record (PaR) January 2004-March 20 lOon compact discs

(CDs). Figure I is a Google Earth map showing the locations of all the wind towers on VAFB. Towers 70,60 and 71

along the northern part of VAFB are the wind towers identified by the 30 WS to be used in this study. Tower 70 is

northernmost and closest to the ocean, Tower 60 is southeast of Tower 70 and in between the other two towers, and

Tower 71 is the southernmost and east-southeast of Tower 60. These towers are just west of a mountain ridge line.

The towers are instrumented with wind sensors at 12 and 54 ft. The wind tower data from January 2004 to

October 2007 was from mechanical wind sensors and the data from November 2007 to March 20 I0 was from

ultrasonic sensors. The mechanical wind system uses a vane (direction) and cup (speed) mounted separately, but at

the same level. The ultrasonic sensor derives wind speed and direction from the effect of wind on the transit time of

ultrasonic pulses between three electro-acoustic transducers configured in an equilateral triangle and pointed

downward. The AMU extracted the tower data from the CDs and organized them by day/year.

The AMU also retrieved surface weather maps, 850 and 500 mb upper air maps, and VAFB sounding data for

each of the event days from Plymouth State University (http://vortex.plymouth.edu/) and the National Centers for

Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (http://www.hpc. ncep.noaa.gov/dailywxmap/) in order to categorize and detail

the weather on each event day.

Figure I. Google Earth map of the VAFB

tower locations as yellow circles with

white tower numbers. The towers for this

task are surrounded by the yellow ellipse.

7
3. Peak Speed Events

The 30 WS identified 66 days from their cool season (October-March) in the POR that they thought had

observations the met the 2:35 kt criterion. The AMU analyzed each of these days in the wind tower database for

occurrences of peak wind speeds 2:35 kt and found that some of the days did not have enough data and other days

did not have observations that met the event criterion. After the analysis, there were 30 days in which the towers

observed peak wind speeds 2:35 kt. The AMU used Microsoft® Excel® (hereafter Excel) to create time-series and

wind rose charts of peak wind direction and speed for the three towers to analyze each ofthese 30 event days.

3.1 Data Analysis

The AMU designed the analysis procedure to compare the mechanical and ultrasonic data at the mechanical

temporal resolution of 5 minutes. Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) scripts were written to extract the peak

wind speed and direction at 12 and 54 ft from both data sets. Additionally, the S-PLUS® software package was used

to reformat the I-minute ultrasonic data into a 5-minute database. The 5-minute data were then imported into Excel

spreadsheets containing the peak wind direction and speed at 12 and 54 ft on each of the towers. Time series charts

of wind speed and direction were plotted from these charts and analyzed.

The AMU noted a trend in the time series on most event days in which the prevailing winds at 54 ft switched to

the northeast before the peak winds reached or exceeded 35 kt. The timing between the direction switch and the 35

kt speed varied from 10 minutes to several hours. The key was that all peak winds 2: 35 kt were always from the

northeast on each event day. The wind rose charts for each event day of wind direction and peak wind speed clearly

showed this northeast wind direction trend. The charts for two ofthe event days are shown in Section 4.

3.2 Terrain Influences

The northern part of VAFB is influenced by two major features. To the west is the Pacific Ocean, which has

very little influence on north to south synoptic wind flow patterns. The terrain raises to the east of the northern wind

towers to the peak of Mt. Lopse and associated ridge line extending generally northwest to southeast. Figure 3

shows more detail of the elevated range to the west of the northern towers and associated valleys to the west of the

ridge line. These terrain features would focus the wind to a northeasterly direction that would funnel into the valleys,

and increase the wind speed.

Figure 2. Google Earth terrain map showing the three

northern VAFB tower locations as yellow circles with

white tower numbers. The white dashed line highlights

top of elevated range to the west and the white arrows

highlight valleys that would enhance wind flow out of

the northeast.

8
4. Example Wind Events

Two of the 30 high wind event days, 21 October and 28 November 2007, are highlighted in detail in this

section. The first described event, 28 November 2007 details how the tower winds react as high pressure builds into

the Pacific Northwest. The second event, 21 October 2007 details how the northern towers react as a cold front

moves through the Vandenberg AFB area and then as high pressure builds in behind the cold front. The charts for

the other 28 event days are in the Appendix A.

4.1 28 November 2007

On 28 November 2007, a high pressure system had built into the Pacific Northwest with a ridge extending

south-southeast into Nevada. The placement of the high and ridge line would result in an east-to-southeast wind

flow in the vicinity ofVAFB (Figme 3).

Figure 3. The sW'face weather map of the west coast

for 28 November 2007 at 1200 UTe. A High pressure

system is centered in the Pacific Northwest. The isobars

(brown lines) indicate the flow at VAFB (red star in

lower left) would be east to southeast.

The wind direction and speed time series charts for this event are shown in Figure 4. Before the high wind

speed event, the 54 ft winds at the three northern towers were southeast at around 10 kt. By 0400 UTC, the winds

began shifting to the northeast and increasing in speed. By 0430 UTC the winds at Tower 71 had switched to the

northeast with an increasing wind speed. At 0500 UTC, the winds at Tower 70 shifted to the northeast. Thirty

minutes later at 0530 UTC, Tower 70 recorded the first 35 kt peak wind speed. The speeds at all three towers

continued to increase for several hours. By 1800 UTC, the winds began to weaken and shift to the northwest.

o . - ~~.- ..-~. c .•

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Bour (tiC)

Tower 5-min 54 ft Peak Wind Speeds 60~----.

50 .

{:: t--------.--

8-

'" 20 t----~f11

B

,n~'l

~~

Ii .All

.,(I

'" -T\\T70 -T\\T71 -T\\T60 J''''

.-

f\ II

l"~~uj ,.

Tower 5-min 54 ft Peak Wind Directions

o

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Boor (FIC)

300

60

360

240 c

.S!

] 180

Q 120

A

Figure 4. The peak wind direction (A) and speed (B) on 28 November 2007. The thick black vertical line in both

charts marks the first 35 kt peak wind speed at Tower 70 (blue curve) at 0530 UTe.

9
Another way to display the wind direction and magnitude of peak wind speeds is to use wind rose charts. Figure

5 shows the wind rose chart for Tower 70 at 54 ft on 28 November 2007, the first northern tower to report a peak

speed 2:35 kt. The red dots are plots of wind speeds 2:35 kt. This chart clearly shows that all of the wind speed

observations 2:35 kt were from the northeast. This pattern was also seen in the other two towers (not shown).

....······N·····.... Speed {kt)

35.100

30.35

25.30

20.25

15.20

10.15

5.10

.... ...., .

.......: -

..... ~. --'

S

~:~ ,

.. .. "

.··"SE

Figure 5. The wind rose plot for Tower 70 at 54 ft on 28 November 2007. Red

circles are plots of wind speeds of 35 kt or greater. The legend for other speeds

is in the top right.

4.2 21 October 2007

On 20 October, a strong cold front passed through the VAFB area (Figure 6A). As the front moved through all

three northern towers reported northwest winds with peaks wind speeds above 35 kt. By 1200 UTC on 21 October,

high pressure had built in behind the front centered in the Pacific Northwest with a ridge southward toward Nevada

(Figure 6B). The northern VAFB towers recorded a wind shift to the northeast-east as this high pressure system

continued to build in.

Figure 6. Surface weather maps of the west coast for 20/21 October 2007 at 1200 UTC. Map

(A) details a cold front moving through VAFB. By the morning of October 21, 2007 (B) a high

pressure system is centered over Oregon with a ridge extending to the southeast. The brown

lines depict the pressure pattern, which would produce an east-to-southeast flow near VAFB.

The red stars show the location ofVAFB.

10
Figure 7 shows the wind direction and speeds for all three towers during this event. Just behind the cold front

between 0000 and 0300 UTC the winds were out of the northwest and gusting 2 35 kt. These peak winds were

associated with the cold air behind the frontal passage as the high moved into the Pacific Northwest. Several hours

later, around 0800 UTC, the winds began shifting to the northeast. At 0945 UTC, the first northeast peak wind speed

of235 kt was reported from Tower 71. The other two towers also recorded peak speeds 235 kt 15-30 minutes later.

A Tower 5-min 54 ft Peak Wind Direction!. B Tower 5-min 54 ft Peak Wind Speeds

-Twr~O -Twr71 -T\\"1'60 70---

60

';"50

140 ~.IllA-­ 1: 30 t------'t:~.,.

J. 20 t--~:C~~~~~P 101----'

o I .. .•.__.... ~. ~~ ~.~. _._...~".~- •....

00 01 02 03 04 OS 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 1S 16 17 18 19 20

Hoar (l1C)

-T,,·,)O -Tw·,)1 - Twr60 -

f ---

---

111'1 - ,- r-'--

o

00

L....

01 02 03 04 OS

Jl

06 07 08 09 10 11 12-13 14 1S 16 17 18 19 20

Hoar (lI1C)

360

60

300

C240

"

~180 f

25 120

Figure 7. The peak wind direction (A) and speed (B) on 21 October 2007. The black vertical line in both charts

highlights the first northeast 235 kt peak wind occurrence from Tower 71. The earlier peak wind speeds between

0000-0230 UTC were associated with the cold front that had moved through VAFB.

To show more detail ofthe wind shift to the northeast at Tower 70, a chronological listing of the observations is

given in Table \. It clearly shows that the wind direction changed from northwest to northeast at 0845 UTC (blue).

The wind direction continued from the northeast for an hour before the first peak speed of2 35 kt (red). Monitoring

for such northeast wind shifts during the winter months when high pressures systems are north ofVAFB could give

the forecasters additional lead time in alerting their customers to such events.

Table I. Tower 71 peak wind speed and direction

observations for the event on 21 October 2007.

Time Speed Direction

(UTC) (kt) (Deg)

8:35 16.5 358

8:40 14.8 345

8:45 22.0 010

8:50 23.3 015

8:55 24.7 018

9:00 25.8 033

9:05 26.6 021

9:10 25.6 022

9:15 29.1 013

9:20 3\.1 026

9:25 30.3 017

9:30 28.0 025

9:35 26.0 026

9:40 3 \.3 033

9:45 37.1 022

9:50 48.6 021

11
4.3 Summary of Events

The AMU analyzed data from 30 event days that had useable tower data. Table 2 shows the variables associated

with the direction switch to the northeast and the occurrence of the peak wind speed of2 35 kt for each event. The

first column has the date of each event followed in the second column by the initial time the 54 ft wind sensor at one

of the three northern towers recorded a wind shift from a sector other than northeast to the northeast. The third

column shows the time when a tower reported the first peak wind speed 2 35 kt. The fourth column shows the wind

direction at the time of the first peak speed. The fifth and most important column gives the time difference between

the initial wind shift on one of the three northern wind towers and the first reported peak wind speed of2 35 kt. This

time difference could be the lead-time a forecaster would have in issuing an operational warning of a possible high

wind event. For all events, the lead-time ranged from 20 minutes to several hours (835 minutes, or 13 hours 55

minutes). The median time difference value is 110 minutes.

Table 2. Details ofthe 30 wind events including date, time of wind direction change to

the northeast, time offirst peak wind 235 kt, direction ofthe first peak wind, and the time

between the wind shift to the northeast and the 2 35 kt observation.

Date (mm/dd/yyyy) Time of Initial Time 1st Wind 2: Wind Time Diff

Wind Change 35 kt Direction (Minutes)

11/01/2004 14:15 16:05 19 110

12/14/2004 1:50 2:45 67 55

11/21/2004 13:15 15:35 45 140

12/21/2004 15:20 16:10 70 55

03/10/2005 12:30 14:20 45 110

01/12/2005 20:05 21:50 46 105

11/15/2005 5: 10 6:00 55 50

01/17/2005 11 :25 12:40 58 75

01/31/2005 3:30 4:20 67 50

10/31/2005 3:00 4:50 63 110

12/02/2006 5:00 7:00 41 120

02/05/2006 3:30 4:35 79 65

12/09/2007 5:30 10:25 27 295

12/11/2007 8:55 12:40 32 225

10/21/2007 8:45 9:45 22 60

11/24/2007 1:45 350 23 125

11/28/2007 4:55 5:30 43 35

12/31/2007 2:30 3: 15 27 45

11/06/2008 4:30 6:50 32 140

12/09/2008 3:30 5:30 25 120

01/13/2008 2:50 500 30 130

01/16/2008 7:10 900 28 110

11/13/2008 15:30 15:50 20 20

12117/2008 3:40 17:35 39 835

11/21/2008 210 3:55 32 205

12/21/2008 2:40 4:20 30 160

10/22/2008 0:20 1:15 35 55

01/09/2009 1:55 2:35 34 40

10/25/2009 7:55 11:10 29 195

03/27/2010 6:30 9: 15 23 205

12
5. Summary and Recommendations

This report presented an analysis of the cool season peak wind events at three northern towers on VAFB. The

AMU processed seven years of tower data and discovered 30 event days when the peak speed met the operational

wind warning threshold of~ 35 kt. Peak wind speed and direction time series and wind rose charts were developed

and analyzed for each ofthe event days.

The analysis revealed a trend on all event days in which the tower winds shifted to the northeast for a period of

time before the first recorded 35 kt wind speed. The time periods for the 30 event days ranged from 20 minutes to

several hours, with a median value of 110 minutes. This trend, if monitored, could give the 30 WS forecasters a

precursor to assist in issuing an operational warning before a high wind event occurs. Two of the peak wind events

were detailed in the report and the time series wind charts for the other 28 events are presented in Appendix A.

The AMU recommends conducting a two stage feasibility study to determine if a local mesoscale model that

incorporates all the local data sets could be used to forecast these high wind events. The first phase would look at

similar cool season synoptic days when the northern towers do not report peak speeds of35 kt to see if the northeast

wind shift is a valid precursor. If it is, then the second phase would look at setting up a mesoscale model for VAFB.

The model should then be tested to see if it can forecast these types of events with a lead time of up to 24 hours.

This type of modeling effort could give the 30 WS forecaster additional lead-time to warn their operational

customers to these type of wind events. If the feasibility study shows favorable modeling results, the next step in

developing a high-wind speed alert capability for VAFB would be to design, test and install a local mesoscale model

that could incorporate all of the local data sets. Such a model would allow the meteorologist at VAFB to alert the

operational customers of high wind events in a timely manner so protective action could be taken.

13
30 WS

AMU

LWO

NCEP

UTC

VAFB

14

List of Acronyms

30th Weather Squadron

Applied Meteorology Unit

Launch Weather Officer

National Centers for Environmental Prediction

Coordinated Universal Time

Vandenberg Air Force Base
6. Appendix A: Tower Peak Wind Speed and Direction Plots for all other Events

The following Excel charts are tower peak wind direction (left) and speed (right) plots for each of the 28

remaining event days. The plots from 2004 to October 2007 are from the mechanical sensor on Tower 60 at 54 ft.

The plots from November 2007 through March 20 I0 are from all three ultrasonic instrumented Towers 70, 60 and

71 at 54 ft.

November 21, 2004

11.21.2004 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

0 ...........................cLII.I........."--'-'-"-''''-"-'-'''----...........~~~~L,...,.~

0001020304 0506 0708 091011121314151617181920212223

Tim. (LiC)

10 r\-fu---,--

40 -,------------------

30 +---------------,-.------

I) -r\\T60

""...

.l .. J

'...... jl 1WI U~~. ,,v I '" -

11.21.2004 Tower 60 54 ft Directiolll

o

0001020304 05 0607 08 0910 1112131415161718192021 :1223

Tim. (UTC)

60

360

300

c 240 ..

. 180 ..

C 120

December 14, 2004

12.14.2004 Tower 60 54 ft Direction 12.14.2004 Tower 60 54ft Speed

o

0001020304 05 060708091011 121314151617181920212223

TiIII, (l"C)

50 -,-----

40

10 +I--H--I-.--

-T\\T60 , 1

'l .~~,

~r---- '1'

- --

o

0001 02 03

004 05 06 07 0809 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

TiIII, (l"C)

60

240

360

300

c

.~ 180

"

is 120

December 21, 2004

12.21.2004 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

30 ~---

40 ~------------,-----

12.21.2004 Tower 60 54 ft Direction

I .il..! ,.rJ rw

-Iff' r;

-T\\T60 I

......

NJ 1'1

360

o0001020304 05 06 07 0809101112 1314151617 181920212223

Tim, (l"C)

300

60

240 c

..

.'.: 180

Q 120

15
January 12,2005

1.12.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Direction 360 ,...-------,;---r---------.,---.----.----.:---

300 -rt'''''''':.x-'.:.t---f------I'tl~_1j

1.12.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

40 \ -T\\T60

30 _-----------

g20 t-"'-"1ra.-:--- -----j----t.II----rr-

...

i

'" 10 ,---i-\:;;-;H.:.:.t=-t----+ 60100001020304 05 06 070809101112 1314151617 18 1920212223

liJ.. (l1C)

240 +----+--I-----f+lI+-+-IIIt+---H-I c

''i 180 .L..---+--I-----f+ll-t--+.....t+--I

is 120 +-----I--I-----f--+ll+-+.....I--I--·l-li

January 17,2005

1.17.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

10 tf-lH++---tir--11IHit---1-----;--" '---j

1.17.2005 Tower 6054 ft Direction

1(\ I~ -T114lJ

'\ [II r Wlf'r

+--

I 1

I r'1r In 60

360

240

300

o

0001020304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13141516171819202122 23

lia. (l1C)

.~ 180

" 120

January 31, 2005

-T\\T60

1.31.2005 Tower 6054 ft Speed

10 .-Ihlt-t\--III-:----o--

30 +-~--f----

40 TI-------

... 20 -IrtH-irtt-------- i

'"

1.31.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Direction

I -T'IT60

"

-

-

~Jl r,

I

,... nn I r o

0001020304 05 06 07 08 091011 12 13 14 15 16 17 181920212223

lia. (UTC)

60

300

360

240 c

.S!

180

C 120

16
March 10, 2005

3.10.2005 Tower 60 54ft Direction 3.10.2005 Tower 60 54ft Speed

J..20 +------

~30 +---

:!t-_-_r'_'T_60 _

10 'r----

-r\\T60

r¥l r.

"'1

...

I/r

"

360

60

o0001 02 0304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22 23

T••(l1C)

300

240 c

=

1: 180 e

C 120

October 31.2005

10.31.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

10 +--W..----tIII...-----------

501

40 t-------,""

~30 I

!.20 -

10.31.2005 Tower 6054 ft Direction

o0001 02 0304 05 06 07 0809 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 :>2 23

T•• (l1C)

60 t---l-:-,;:t:;=A.-I11+

360·-----------------

I -r",·60

300 ~1NiI--lllltIGlI11""tt1~~~

240 .l---+---f-Ht~ c

.2

180 ----+----t-+tHl-t-'--¥--JHI-----

C 120 l-_-+-__~I_+

November 15,2005

11.15.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Direction

360 ----r--------

11.15.2005 Tower 60 54 ft Speed 40------ --

O.L....~.L......J..J':'_:':_'_::'::_"~~......L~~~~~~~

0001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22 23

T•• (LIC)

30 +-----fl-~M_"7"""1----------

." 20 t-----;jf

;r.

10

17
February 5, 2006

-T\\y60

2.05.2006 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

o

0001 020304 05 060708091011 121314 15 16 1718 19202122 23

TiBI. (tIC)

50 rl-----------

10 1f--IIl..tl-------t-IHllr.tto

40

]

20 +------If-----.t--

30 +------U'·T~---_t_-

2.05.2006 Tower 60 54 ft Direction

o .lIIL~.L..Ju......'_:':"":'::"_:'"::"":~.lL~~

0001020304 05 06 0708091011 1213141516171819202122 23

n... (liTC)

60

360 ,.,--.=--------------____=_____=_

300

240

.~ 180 I

f

C 120 ..1--14------+---

December 2, 2006

12.02.2006 Tower 60 54 ft Direction

o

0001 02 0304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19202122 23

TiBI. (tTTC)

12.02.2006 Tower 60 54 ft Speed

o ~~-~~ .~ - ~~ . ~.... .._.L_.' ~L ._.

0001 020304 05 06 07080910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22 23

TiBI. (tIC)

30

40

60 1----1---1---:-;:

360--

300

240 .l- e

"

.~ 180 +---

C 120---~

December 9, 2007

12.09.2007 Tower 54 ft Direction 360 --r.~~.~----.---..----_,,__;_")JI;j,

-T\\y70-T\\y71-Twr60

300 .:,....---i......-1 .....---I--II---JH---

240 +---II~ "----I-t+ e

"

.~ 180 +-----11/-1

C 120 +----111--

60 +----111-

o.L............JkLI:C

0001020304 0506 07 08 0910111213141516171819202122 23

TiBI. (tIC)

12.09.2007 Tower 54 ft Speed 40~-------

30 tt-----.--,~

;g

." 20 fAII----lIftltH--__t_' 'h'lH1'0\1f

z

o ~~~-~--~ - - - ~--~~~-

00 01 0203 04 05 0607 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

TiBI. (tIC)

18
De(~ember 11, 2007

12.11.2007 Tower 54 ft Direction

o

0001020304 05 06 0708091011 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920212223

Tim. (l1C)

12.11.2007 Tower 54 ft Speed

o~~~~~-

0001020304 05 06 07 08 091011 121314151617181920212223

Tim. (l1C)

30 +-

40 - -T\\T70 -T\\T71

---J-t--+11

300

360 -

60

c 240 --.~f+--Il+it--

.S:

180 --- "'~I+- -II-t.-----

C

December 31,2007

12.30.2007 Tower 54 ft Direction 12.30.2007 Tower 54 ft Speed

10

o~_.~- .~-~~-~.- ~.~~~_.._~ --~-~~~~._•.' 0001 020304 05 0607080910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23

Tim. (l1C)

o

0001020304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18 1920212223

Til.. (UTC)

60 HH..-t-ll----U-''I--

300

360

240 +-.-H...-llt--t1I1-11.-- c

=

.~ 180 HI-t..-t-lI-.....--tll-fi f

i5 120 HH.....-I.-*-11.-

January 13,2008

1.13.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction

300 -!H JHill---ft-m-1I-t

c 240 + .S:

180 HH--t--t- .~

c::: 120 HH--t--+t

60 HH--I--fl

o ~~

0001020304 05 06 0708091011 12 13 14 15 16 17 1819202122 23

Tim. (\JIC)

1.13.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed 50~----

40 t---

..,

i 20 -,---:-:---~cq~ I-h~Iw.'l1tP4Ilr- ","11\----..,.

o~ '" " ..~.' , 0001 020304 05 0607080910 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 1920212223

Tim. (l1C)

19
January 16,2008

1.16.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction

O ...............~~~~·

0001 020304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 192021 22 23

Timo (tiC)

1.16.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed

JO

50..--------

10 +--t---t-ll-t''--f-W~--

40 +------

O' ,

0001020304 05 06 0708 09 10 1112 1314151617 18 1920 2122 23

Timo (tiTC)

60+----.

JOO

360 ..------nrr;

240--'----

C

:: 180 +-----

120 +------

October 22, 2008

o "~'~~~" _.~~--~..~-~._~

00 01 0203 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23

Timo (tiC)

10 +--+--'-fIIHr.-tI.l-1ll-'lt l-\iI- I' f-\;lt-:-

H~llliiI--- ------

10.22.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed

."

20 -t''lH-l--flIIt+fl--m-- :I;

O.x..L:........:.~.......'---"....:LJ'-'-'-.....,~.LLo..L..~'--'-~~~

0001020304 05 06 07 08 09 10 1112 13141516171819202122 23

Timo (tiC)

10.22.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction

60 .l.If.H-.t--t

300

360 -

240 .,.II-H-f.- c

=

.~ 180 l.ftH--lH--fliH

i:: 120 +Il-H--lIl-ifi-l--

November 6, 2008

11.06.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction 11.06.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed

o --"--'-.-..-'-"-~-~............... .... 0001020304 05 060708091011 121314151617 18 19 20212223

Timo (tiC)

10 t---'iIfi

50 -,----------------

40 +-----

o0001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22 23

Timo (tiiC)

60

300

240 C

.S:

180

C 120

20
November 13, 2008

11.13.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction 11.13.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed

300

240 c

180

C 120

60

60 ,----------

50 +-----------------i

_40

-g 30 t----

8-

'" 20 fJ------:---t----:--..d-J..........

10

No'Vember 21,2008

11.21.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction 11.21.2008 Tower S4 ft Speed

300 n.....-fi-lHt----------tlIH.1

240 +-..-t-.--Hf-------------iIMi,tt-f-I-, c

.5: 180 +-_i4-Hf---------

a 120 -l--__~_H+--------_i'lJ_-H+---

6: 0001~l~~~~~~~e~~~~C~:: 02 03 04 05 06 07 0809 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

TIoI. (LIC)

60 '""1----------

-T"T70 -T"T71 -T"T60

50 +-----'4..-

_ 40 t------I-flillIL

.,. 30 1--.-tt.1r--

'" 20

10 t-----"l--------

o ...J..._~_ ......................... ..L........L~_................... ............_.__'_........J.__ •___'...Jo._ ...................

0001 020304 05 06 07080910 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 192021 22 23

Tim. (llC)

December 9, 2008

12.09.2008 Tower S4 ft Direction 12.09.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed

o I 'It

0001 020304 05 0607080910 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 19 2021 2223

Tim. (llC)

40

50~---

g30

.,. ., j 20 -I--L\I-.fIjF--'---'U+

- 10 j~----,-­ I

o

0001020304 05 06 0708091011121314151617 18 1920212223

Tim. (LIC)

60 ---1"'..--..

300 -l-'-11-+--'-------j11----

360 -,------,n-------:JIr.--x---.-------:---;;r;--------

240 i---II-- c

'i 180 L---It---

a 120 -I----lII----,

21
December 17, 2008

12.17.2007 Tower 54 ft Speed

00 01 0203 04 05 06 01 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Tilll. (tIC)

o . . .

40 .,---------

10

30 ~~--------

"g 20 +---,-------,

&.

'"

12.17.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction

-T\\T70 - T\\T71- hT60 .~ I--~ -

-'-- I--~ -

I--~ -

<4

f-- I-

.~ ijl I- 'f \o.r ;., ...

o0001 02 0304 05 06 01 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1118 1920 21 2.~ 23

Till. (tIC)

60

300

360

240 c

.:: 180

is 120

De'cember 21,2008

12.21.2008 Tower 54 ft Direction

360

300

240 c

.:: 180

is 120 ......I'I-I!+'

60

12.21.2008 Tower 54 ft Speed 40~--

o ~~~~~-~~.~,--~~~-~.~.. ~~~.~._~.~

0001 020304 05 0601080910 11 12 1314 15 1617 18 19 2021 2223

Tilll. (tIC)

January 9, 2009

40

~30

0' , " 0001 020304 05 0601080910 11 12 13 14 15 1617 18 192021 22 23

Tilll. (tIC)

1.09.2009 Tower 54 ft Speed

50,-------

1.09.2009 Tower 54 ft Direction

300 #f~1f--

360

240 '---4111---1 c

..

'£ 180 J---IUI---B f

is 120

22
October 25, 2009

10.25.2009 Tower 54 ft Direction

360 -------------..III<T.-r-.--,----

10.25.2009 Tower 54 ft Speed

500.,.------------------

240 - I:

.~

180

is 120

60 +---L--f-llt-lfo

0001020304 05 06 07 0809101112 1314151617 18192021 ;12 23

Til.. (tIC)

40.0 +-i----

."

!200 1ttJ\-~-IJIl~~~itfif\t;~~~ 10 0 +l.lP..,Ior-·HIt- ..,.-.f--------'IH'-----lL'--l----

0.0 -~~.~~'- ", --'

00 01 0203 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23

TilII. (l1C)

March 15,2010

3.15.2010 Tower 54 ft Direction 3.15.2010 Tower 54 ft Speed

300

240 1 I:

.~

180;--- ..

c: 120

60

40r'-----

20 +----.~tIW_ ."

'" 10 !

o

0001020304 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 121314151617 18 19 20 21 22 23

Tiol. (tIC)

o .1 .J.- _ ~_. ~-... _ --......J.__

0001 020304 05 06070809 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1920212223

Tiol. (l1C)

March 26,2010

o ~-~- -~--~~-~-~-

00 01 0203 04 05 0607 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

TilII. (l1C)

3.26.2010 Tower 54 ft Speed

30 AcJI----

3.26.2010 Tower 54 ft Direction

ii~ --

to- -T\\T70-T\\T71-T\\T60 ..,

f!!- In ~lijAl

IV \ ' "

Ir'\j

.--

f-- ~l~ --- .....

o ',"," ~~

0001020304 05060708091011 1213141516 17181920212223

TilII. (l1C)

300

60

360

240 I:

.~

180

c: 120

23
NOTICE

Mention of a copyrighted, trademarked or proprietary product, service, or document does not constitute

endorsement thereof by the author, E sea Inc., the AMU, the ational Aeronautics and Space Administration, or

the United States Government. Any such mention is solely for the purpose of fully informing the reader of the

resources used to conduct the work reported herein.

24