### UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WAS HI NGTON . D C 20460

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFE T Y AND f>OLLUT I ON PREVENTION



### PC Code: 128974

DP Barcode: D396932

Date: June 5, 2013

MEMORANDUM

Subject: Registration Review

- Ecological Risk Assessment for Quinclorac



### To: Wilhelmena Livingston, Chemical Review Manager

Kevin Costello, Branch Chief

Risk Management and Implem en tation Branch IV

Pesticide Re-Evaluation Di vision (7508P) "/ 

# J

.

From: Office of Pesticide Programs

# ~~**/h'ffhllh\.AJ.~od**

Robin Sternberg, Ph.D.

, Wi l dlife Biologist

. 1 "



### Michael B. 

### Lowit

, Ph

. D., Ecologist**fi/~1** 

## /l

Ed Odenkirchen, Ph.D.

, Acting Branch Chief**~** 

### Environmental Risk Branch 1

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Office of Pes t icide Programs

Attached is the ecological risk assessment for the Registration Review of the herbicide

quinclorac. Since the 2007 EFED problem formulation (DP 344485), a daphnid acute toxicity

study (MRID 4 7421001) was submitted; thi s study yielded a 48-hour ECso of> 100 mg ai/L and

was classified as acceptab l e. In 

### addition, screening-level ecological risk assessments for new

uses on cranberry (Section 18; DP 364674; May 4

, 2009), pas tu re and rangeland (Section 3; DP

362084; July 13, 2009)

, and rhubarb and low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13-

07H (IR-4; DP 397772; August 31, 2012) were completed

.

Some details of the current analysis differ from those reported in previous risk assessments;

however, the overall risk conclusions remain mostly unchanged. That is, the primary risk

concern is for direct effects to terr estr ial plants from regis ter ed uses of quinclorac.

The following quinclorac l abel uncertainties have been identified:

• All labels do not specify a minimum application interval. As in previous assessments and

as noted in the registration review problem formulation (DP 344485), the minimum



## interval was assumed to be 1 4 

## days wh en an interval was not specified. This was based

on communication with the registrant, BASF, that a 14-day interval would be a rare



### 1

### 2 scenario for post

- emergent sorghum (DP 250179+). None of the labels state a

reapplication interval of shorter than 14 days. A shorter interval may increase EECs.

• Most l abels specify application on rice as a seasonal maximum application instead of an

annual maximum. It was assumed that there is a limit of one crop cycle per year; that is,

the seasonal maximum is equivalent to the annual maximum. Multiple crop seasons ma y

increase EECs given the persistence of quinclorac.

• One label (registration 279

- 3355) for various turf grass uses does not state a maximum

number of applications or an annual maximum application rate per acre. EFED assumed

that the annual maximum was 1. 4 lb ai/A/year. This assumption is consistent with the

maximum annual application rate of 1.5 lb ai/A for turf grass uses on other labels. EECs

would be higher if the label intended for more than one application at this rate.

• Certain uses do not restric t when application may occur. A range of application dates

were modeled in those cases. These values may be refined if the label language is

updated to be more restrictive in terms of timing of application.

• There are inconsistencies between and within t he submitted Quinclorac 4L AG label and

the supplemental label information sheets for use on rhubarb and low growing berry

(except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H. Specific inconsistencies include:

- The labels alternate between referring to the product as Qui nstar 4L Herbicide and

QUINCLORAC 4L AG.

- It was assumed that “Restrictions and Limitations

- Cranberry” applies to all low

growing berries in sub

- group 13

- 07H (except strawberry).

- The maximum annual application rate for cranberry (and other low growing be rries)

is specified as 16.8 fl oz/A on one label and as 16 fl oz/A on the other label. It was

assumed that the maximum annual application rate is 16.8 fl oz/A ( i.e. , 0.5 lb ai/A)

given that up to two applications of 8.4 fl oz/A are allowed per year.

- The m aximum annual application rate for rhubarb is specified as “xx” fl oz/A on one

label and as 25.2 fl oz/A on the other. It was assumed that the maximum annual

application rate is 25.2 fl oz/A ( i.e. , 0.75 lb ai/A) given that up to two applications of

12.6 f l oz/A are allowed per year.

### 3 

# REGISTRATION REVIEW

ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSE SSMENT AND

EFFECTS DETERMINATIO N

Quinclorac

CAS Number 84087

- 01

- 4

US EPA PC CODE 128974

Prepared by:

Robin Sternberg, Ph.D., Wildlife Biologist

Michael Lowit, Ph.D.

, Ecologist

Environmental Risk Branch 1

Reviewed by:

Sujatha Sankula, Ph.D., Lead Biologist

H e Zhong, Ph.D., Biologist

Environmental Risk Branch 1

Environmental Fate and Effects Division U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch I

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington, DC 20460

### 4 

## Contents

1 Executive Summary

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 6

2 Problem Formulation

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

2.1 Previous Ecological Risk Assessments

................................ ................................ ............ 7

2.2 Mode of Action

................................ ................................ ................................ ................ 8

2.3 Use Characteristics

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 8

2.4 Conceptual Model

................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 10

2.4.1 Risk Hypotheses

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 10

2.4.2 Diag rams

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 10

3 Fate and Transport Characterization

................................ ................................ ..................... 14

4 Exposure Assessment

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 14

4.1 Terrestrial Exposure

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 15

4.1.1 Bi rds, Mammals, and Terrestrial Invertebrates

................................ ....................... 15

4.1.2 Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) Plants

................................ ........................ 21

4.2 Aquatic Exposure

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 24

5 Effects Ch aracterization

................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 31

5.1 Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

................................ ................................ .................... 31

5.1.1 Birds

................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 34

5.1.2 Mammals

................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 34

5.1.3 Terrestrial Invertebrates

................................ ................................ .......................... 35

5.1.4 Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) Plants

................................ ........................ 35

5.2 Effects to Aquatic Organisms

................................ ................................ ........................ 35

5.2.1 Freshwater Fish

................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 36

5.2.2 Estuarine/Marine F ish

................................ ................................ ............................. 36

5.2.3 Freshwater Invertebrates

................................ ................................ ......................... 39

5.2.4 Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates

................................ ................................ ............... 3 9

5.2.5 Aquatic Plants

................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 39

5.3 Incident Database Review

................................ ................................ .............................. 39

6 Risk Characterization

................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 40

6.1 Risk Estimation

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 40

6.1.1 Direct Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

................................ ................................ .. 41

6.1.2 Direct Effects to Aquatic Organisms

................................ ................................ ...... 44

6.1.3 Probit Slope Dose

- Response Analysis of LOC and Acute RQ Values

.................. 45

6.2 Risk Description

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 46

### 5 6.2.1 Direct Effects to Birds, Reptiles, and Terrestrial

- Phase Amphibians

..................... 46

6.2.2 Direct Effects to Mammals

................................ ................................ ..................... 47

6.2.3 Direct Effects to Terrestrial Invertebrates

................................ ............................... 47

6.2.4 Direct Effects to Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) Plants

............................ 48

6.2.5 Direct Effects to Fish and Aquatic

- Phase Amphibians

................................ ........... 53

6.2.6 Direct Effects to Aquatic Invertebrates

................................ ................................ ... 53

6.2.7 Direct Effects to Aquatic Plants

................................ ................................ .............. 54

6.3 Summary of Direct Effects

................................ ................................ ............................. 54

6.4 Indirect Effects

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 56

6.5 Listed S pecies Effects Analysis

................................ ................................ ..................... 56

6.5.1 Action Area

................................ ................................ ................................ ............. 56

6.5.2 Effects Determinations

................................ ................................ ............................ 57

7 Uncertainties

................................ ................................ ................................ ......................... 59

7.1 Labels

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 60

7.2 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)

................................ .......................... 61

8 References

................................ ................................ ................................ ............................. 61

9 Bibliography of Ci ted MRIDs

................................ ................................ .............................. 62

Appendix A: Input and Output of Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR v. 1.0)

.................. 66

Appendix B: Input and Results of Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0)

............................ 67

Appendix C: PRZM/EXAMS Modeling Output

................................ ................................ .......... 69

Appendix D: Output of Provisional Cranberry Model (v 2.0)

................................ ...................... 72

Appendix E: ECOTOX Literature Search

– Papers That Were Accepted

................................ .... 73

Appendix F: Avian, Mammalian, Fish, and Aquatic Invertebrate RQs

................................ ....... 83

Appendix G: Calculations for Minimum Irrigation Rate Needed for Terrestrial Plant LOC

Exceedance

................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ... 92

Appendix H: Listed Species Analysis

................................ ................................ ........................... 93

### 6 

## 1 Executive Summary

The purpose of this screening

- level ecological risk assessment is to evaluate potential risk s to

non

- target species , both non

- listed and federally

- listed endangered and threatened species

( here after referred to as non

- listed and listed species , respectively ) from registered u ses of

quinclorac as part o f the Registration Review program 1 

### pursuant to Section 3(g) of the Federal

Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

Quinclorac (3,7

- dichloro

- 8

- quinolinecarboxylic acid) is a pre

- and post

- emergent systemic

herbicide used to control broadleaf and grass weeds via ground spray or aerial application

. R egistered uses of quinclorac include turf grasses, sorghum, wheat, rangeland/pasture, rights

- of

way/fencerow/hedgerow, grass grown for seed, fallow land, grass forage/fodd er/hay, rice

, rhubarb, and low growing berry ( except strawberry ) subgroup 13

- 07H

. A range of application

rates and application intervals are permitted for most uses of quinclorac. T his assessment is

based on maximum application rates and minimum applica tion intervals for each use.

S ome details of the current analysis differ from tho se reported in previous risk assessments ;

however, the overall risk conclusion s remain mostly unchanged. T h at is, the primary risk

concern is for dir ect effects to terrestrial plants from registered uses of quinclorac ( Table 1

- 1 )

. D etails of this risk assessment that have changed mainly impact quinclorac toxicity and

estimated environmental concentrations (EECs). For example , re

- analysis of a terrestrial plant

seed ling emergence study (MRID 41403501) resulted in revised toxicity endpoints ( EC 25 

### and

NOEC)

. In addition, s ome EECs differ from those in previo us assessments for several reasons,

including but not limited to the following. As identified in the Registrati on R eview problem

formulation

, some previous assessments did not reflect the highest application rates and

minimum intervals for some uses. Some uses were previously assessed using the Tier 1 surface

water model GENEEC whereas the current assessment was p erformed according to current

EFED guidance 2 

### and up

- to

- date models 3 

### including the Tier II surface water model

(PRZM/EXAMS) for applicable uses of quinclorac. Screening

- level Tier I modeling was used to

estimate surface water concentrations for use on cran berry (provisional cranberry model) and

rice (Tier I rice model) because the current Tier II model is not parameterized for those uses.

A summary of direct and indirect effects to non

- listed and listed taxa from registered uses of

quinclorac is provided i n Table 1

- 1

.

1 http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/

2 Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides, Version

2.1, October 22, 2009

3 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water

### 7 Table 1

- 1

. Summary of Direct and Indirect Effects Associated with Registered Uses of

Quinclorac

Taxon Risk Concern for

Direct E ffects ? Risk Concern for

I ndirect Effects to

Listed Species? Non

- L isted Listed

Birds , reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibians No No Yes 1

Mammals No No Yes 1

Terrestrial i nvertebrates No No Yes 1

Terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic ) plants

– monocots Yes 4 Yes 4 Yes 1

Terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic ) plants

– dicots Yes 4 Yes 4 Yes 1

Freshwater fish and aquatic

- phase amphibians No No Yes 2,3

Marine/estuarine fish No No Yes 2,3

Freshwater crustaceans No No Yes 2,3

Mollusks No No Yes 2,3

Marine/estuarine crustaceans No No Yes 2,3

Aquatic vascular plants No Yes,

for use on

rice Yes 2,3

Aquatic non

- vascular plants No N/A N/A

N/A = not applicable because there are no listed aquatic non

- vascular plants

1 Indirect effects as a result of direct effects to terrestrial plants resulting in general habitat modification, host plant

loss, and /or food supply disruption

2 Indirect effects as a result of direct effects to terrestrial plants resulting in changes in water quality and/or habitat

3 I ndirect effects as a result of direct effects to listed aquatic vasc ular plants (from use on rice) expected only if a

species has an obligate/dependant relationship with a listed aquatic vascular plant

4 See Table 6

- 3 for summary of uses with terrestrial plant LOC exceedances



## 2 Problem Formulation

The EFED Problem Formulation for Quinclorac Registration Review , which discuss ed the

stressor and the tools and methods with which the Agency proposed to assess potential risk, was

completed in 2007 ( D P 344485)

. In order to avoid repetition of material previously provided,

please refer to that document for detailed information. Since the problem f ormulation, a daphnid

acute toxicity study (MRID 47421001) was submitted ; this study yielded a 48

- hour EC 50 

### of >

100 mg ai /L and was classified as A cceptable ( see Section 5 ) . In addition, screening

- level

ecological risk assessments for new uses were completed (see Section 2.1 )

.

2.1 Previous Ecological Risk Assessments

Three ecological risk assessmen ts have been conducted to consider proposed new uses of

quinclorac since the 2007 EFED problem formulation (DP 344485) : cranberry (Section 18; D P

364674 ; May 4, 2009 ), pasture and rangeland ( Section 3 ; D P 362084 ; July 13, 2009 ), and

rhubarb and low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H ( IR

- 4 ; D P 397772 ; August

31, 2012 )

. A risk concern for direct effects to non

- listed and listed terrestrial plants was

identified by all three assessments, and a risk concern for direct effects to listed small birds

(acute exposure) wa s identified for use on pasture and rangeland

. It sho uld be noted that the

latter conclusion for risk to listed small birds from acute exposure resulted from the use of a non

definitive endpoint as input in the T

- REX model for calculating RQs triggering an LOC

### 8 exceedance. Subsequent EFED guidance 4 

### has indic ated that RQs should not be calculated using

non

- definitive endpoints.

Additional ecological risk ass essments described in the 2007 EFED problem formulation (DP

344485) i nclude those for the Section 3 new use of quinclorac on wheat and sorghum (DP

2501 79+ ; February 17, 1999 ) and for an experimental use permit (EUP)

– which expired in 2011

– for the application of quinclorac to non

- flowing water bodies such as retention ponds and lakes

to evaluate the control and selectivity of submerged and emergent aquatic weed species (D P

334717 ; May 17, 2007 )

. The risk assessment for use on wheat and sorghum identified potential

risk to listed and non

- lis ted terrestrial plants

. The risk assessment for aquatic weed control

identified risk s to listed and non

- listed birds and mammals (depending on feeding category) from

acute and chronic exposure

, listed and non

- listed terrestrial plants (spray drift exceedances only )

, and listed aquatic plants

.

2.2 Mode of Action

Quinclorac is a quinoline carboxylic acid. The mechanis m of action is generally similar to the

mechanism for the phenoxy herbicides

, i.e. , mimicry of the plant growth hormone auxin.

Mimicry of auxin results in the rupture of cell membranes due to overstimulation of growth.

2.3 Use Characteristics

Quinclorac was first registered in the U nited States in 1992 for use as an herbicide. It is

registered for both agricultural and non

- agricultural uses to control broadleaf and grass weeds via

ground spray and aerial application

.

Th is Registration Review risk assessme nt is based on quinclorac uses identified in the 2007

EFED Problem Formulation for Quinclorac Registration Review ( DP 344485 ) as well as

subsequently assessed new uses. Uses of q uinclorac identified in the 2007 EFED problem

f

ormulation are turf grasses, r ice, aquatic weeds ( EUP ; DP 334717; May 17, 2007; expired in

2011 ), sorghum, wheat, rights

- of

- way/fencerow/hedgerow, grass grown for seed, and fallow

land. Subsequently assessed and registered uses are rangeland/pasture and grass/fodder/ hay ( DP

362084 ; Ju ly 13, 2009 ) and low growing berry ( except strawberry ) subgroup 13

- 07H and

rhubarb ( DP 397772 ; August 31, 2012 ) . Uses and application rates are based on the most recent

label data report (Label Use Information S ystem report; LUIS) provided by BEAD (7/26/2012)

plus recently registered new uses ( DP 397772 ; August 31, 2012) . Maximum application rates,

minimum application intervals, and application methods are indicated in Table 2

- 1

.

4 “Guidance for Using N on

- Definitive Endpoints in Evaluating Risks to Listed and Non

- listed Animal Species”

5/10/11

### 9 Table 2

- 1 . Maximum Rates for Registered Uses of Quinclorac

Use Maximum

Individual

Application

Rate

(lb ai/A) Maximum

Annual

Number of

Applications Minimum

Application

Interval

(days) 1 Maximum

Annual

Rate

(lb ai/A) Application

Method 2

Turf grasses

(Commercial/industrial

lawns, golf course turf,

ornamental lawns and turf,

ornamental sod farm,

recreation area lawns, and

residential lawns) 1.4 1

- 1.4 3 Ground

0.76 2 21 1.52 Ground

(A irports/landing fields) 0.75 2 14 1.5 Ground

Sorghum 0.375 4 2 14 1 0.75 Aerial/Ground

0.245 5 3 14 1 0.75 Aerial/Ground

Wheat 0.375 6 1

- 0.375 6 Aerial/Ground

0.245 5 3 14 1 0.75 Aerial/Ground

Rangeland and pasture 0.75 1

- 0.75 Aerial/Ground

Rights of way /Fencerow

/Hedgerows

( i l l) (Non

- agricultural) 1.5 1

- 1.5 Ground

0.76 2 21 1.52 Ground

(Agricultural) 0.75 1

- 0.75 Ground

0.375 2 14 1 0.75 Aerial

(Utility poles) 0.75 2 14 1 1.5 Ground

0.75 1

- 0.75 Aerial

Grasses grown for seed 0.375 2 14 1 0.75 Aerial/Ground

Fallow land

(Agricultural fallow land) 0.75 1

- 0.75 Aerial/Ground

(Agricultural and non

agricultural uncultivated) 0.75 1

- 0.75 Ground

0.375 2 14 1 0.75 Aerial

Grass forage/ Fodder/ Hay 0.375 2 14 1 0.75 Aerial/Ground

Low growing berry (except

strawberry) subgroup 13

-

07H 0.25 2 30 7 0.5 Ground

Rhubarb 0.375 2 30 7 0.75 Ground

Rice 0.5 1

- 0.5 3 Aerial/Ground

1 As in previous a ssessments and as noted in the Registration R eview problem formulation (DP 344485), the

minimum interval was assumed to be 14 days when an interval was not specified.

2 All broadcast

3 Assumed

– maximum annual rate not stated on label.

4 Post

- plant to 12 inches height of sorghum

5 Pre

- plant

6 For annual bindweed c ontrol in the fall just prior to the first killing frost. Labels allow for a combination

application of annual bindweed control (one annual application of up to 0.375 lb ai/A) and pre

- plant wheat (single

maximum application of 0.245 lb ai/A) with an annua l cap per acre of 0.75 lb ai/A.

7 Pre

- harvest interval is 60 days for low growing berry (including cranberry) and 30 days for rhubarb.

### 10 2.4 Conceptual Model

2.4.1 Risk Hypotheses

Terrestrial Environment

• Exposure to quinclorac residues on insects, seeds, foliage, and other plant parts from

direct deposition or spray drift from labeled use of the pesticide has the potential to cause

reduced survival, growth and repr oduction to terrestrial vertebrates (birds, mammals,

reptiles, terrestrial

- phase amphibians) and terrestrial invertebrates.

• Exposure to quinclorac residues on foliage, roots, or other plant parts from spray drift

alone or from runoff from labeled use of t he herbicide has the potential to result in

reduced survival an d biomass to terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic) plants in areas

adjacent to a treated area.

Aquatic Environment

• Exposure to quinclorac residues in water from spray drift, leaching, or ru noff from

labeled use of the herbicide has the potential to cause reduced survival, growth and

reproducti on to aquatic invertebrates, fish , and aquatic vascular and non

- vascular plants

in surface waters adjacent to a treated area.

2.4.2 Diagrams

The conceptual model s ( Figures 2

- 1, 2

- 2

, and 2

- 3 ) depict the potential pathways for ecological

risk associated with the use of quinclorac.

For terrestrial organisms, the major route of exposure considered is the dietary route;

consumption of food items such as plant l eaves or insects that have quinclorac residues as a

result of spraying, drift, and translocation from soil. Exposure through inhalation is unlikely

given quinclorac’s low vapor pressure and the results of EFED’s Screening Tool for Inhalation

Risk (STIR v. 1.0) ( Appendix A ) . EFED’s Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0) indicates

a potential chronic risk to birds through the consumption of drinking water ( Appendix B )

. Exposure could also occur through guttation water, which would primarily be a concern for

terrestrial invertebrates.

For aquatic animal species, the major routes of exposure are considered to be via the respiratory

surface (gills) or the integument.

Direct contact and/or root uptake is the major route of exposure for ter restrial (upland and semi

aquatic) plants, whereas aquatic plants may be exposed via direct uptake and adsorption.

### 11 Figure 2

- 1 . Conceptual Model for Effects to Terrestrial Organisms from Exposure to

Quinclorac . Dotted Lines indicate Exposure Pathways that Have a Low Likelihood of

Contributing to Ecological Risk

.

### 12 Figure 2

- 2 . Conceptual Mo del for Effects to Aquatic Organisms from Exposure to

Quinclorac . Dotted Lines indi cate Exposure Pathways that Have a Low Likelihood of

Contributing to Ecological Risk.

### 13 Figure 2

- 3 . Conceptual Model for Effects to Terrestrial Anima ls from Exposure to

Quinclorac v ia Drinking Water and Inhalation. Dotted Lines indicate Exposure Pathways

that Have a Low Likelihood of Contributing to Ecological Risk.

### 14 

## 3 Fate and Transport Characterization

Vapor pressure (7.5 x 10

- 8 

### mm Hg at 20 o 

### C) and Henry's Law Constant (1.22 to 24.3 x 10

- 15



### atm.m 3 

### mol

- 1 

### ) indicate a low possibility of volatilization from soil and water. Laboratory data

indicate that quinclorac is stable to hydrolysis, photolysis in soil and sterile water, aerobic soil

metabolism, and aquatic metabolism (aerobic and anaerobic). Conversely , quinclorac undergoes

rapid photolysis in non

- sterile rice paddy water, natural river waters, and solutions containing

activated sewage sludge (half

- lives of 5

- 16 days uncorrected for dark controls). Based on

available laboratory studies, two major (BH 5 14

- 1 and BH 514 2

- OH; >10% applied) and one

minor (BH 514

- HMe

- ester; <10% applied) metabolites of quinclorac were identified. The

adsorption coefficients for quinclorac (Koc = 13

- 54 L/kg) and its major degradation products

(Koc = 28

- 2080 L/kg) 5 

### suggest t hat leaching could be a route of dissipation. Field dissipation

studies indicate that quinclorac is moderately persistent to persistent (18

- 176 day half

- lives) in

terrestrial environments. The octanol/water partition coefficient (K OW 

### ) of 0.266 also sugges ts

that quinclorac has a low potential to bioaccumulate. A detailed assessment of the

environmental fate of quinclorac can be found in the new chemical risk assessment (DP

250179+ ; February 17, 1999 ).

EFED is not aware of any surface water or ground water monitoring data for quinclorac 6



### .



## 4 E xposure A ssessment

A range of application rates and application intervals are permitted for most uses of quinclorac

. Th is assessment is based on maximum application rates and minimum application intervals for

eac h use. Noted label uncertainties are listed in Section 7.1

.

As in past assessments, this assessment does not consider quinclorac major degradation products

BH 514

- 1 and BH 514 2

- OH. Although these degradates were detected in some laboratory

studies, the y seem to be intermediate degradates (DP 344485 ) and generally were found in field

dissipation studies at low levels. While photodegradation of quinclorac may be enhanced in

some systems ( e.g. , rice paddy water), most fate data indicate that quinclorac is persistent and

mobile. In addition, these degradates are similar in structure to quinclorac and ECOSAR 7



### estimates suggest that they are not more toxic than quinclorac to aquatic organisms.

5 BH 514 2

- 0H values are based on an unreviewed submitted study.

6 Multiple sources were searched: USEPA STORET Database ( www.epa.gov/storet/dbtop.html ), USEPA (1990)

National pesticides survey: Summary of results of EPA’s national survey of pesticides in drinking water wells,

USEPA (1992) Pesticides in ground water database: A compilation of monitoring: 1971

- 1991 National Summary,

USGS: NAWQA Pesticide National Synthesis Project ( http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/data/ ) and NASQAN

National Stream Quality Accounting Network ( http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/ ), California Department of Pesticide

Regulation: Surface Water Protection Program Database ( www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/surfdata.htm ) and

Sampling for Pesticide Residues in California Well Water Cumulative Report

( www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/pubs/ehapreps/eh0308.pdf ).

7 ECOSAR predictive software is available publically though the Epi SuiteTM program

. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/pubs/episuite.htm

### 15 4.1 Terrestrial E xposure

4.1.1 Birds, Mammals, and Terrestrial I nvertebrates

4.1.1.1 Dietary Ingestion

T he T

- REX model 8 

### ( v 1.5; March 22, 2012 ) is used to estimate terrestrial animal exposure values

resulting from possible dietary ingestion of quinclorac residues on vegetative matter and insects

present on non

- food and food it ems from exposure to quinclorac. In all screening

- level

assessments, the organisms are assumed to consume 100% of their diet as one food type. This

model incorporates the Kenaga nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994), which is based

on a large set of actual field residue data. The upper limit value s from the nomograph represent

the 95 th 

### percentile of residue values from actual field measurements (Hoerger and Kenaga,

1972). The T

- REX model was employed to determine (1) Estimated Environmental

Concentrations ( E ECs ) for different food items of birds and mammals, (2) risk to bird s and

mammals via calculation of risk quotients (RQs) , and (3) EECs for arthropods to evaluate risk to

terrestrial invertebrates from direct contact.

Input parameters f or T

- REX ( Table 4

- 1 ) include a maximum application rate, number of

applications, application interval, a default EFED foliar dissipation half

- life of 35 days, and

definitive toxicity endpoints for birds and mammals.

Table 4

- 1 . Input Parameters for T

- REX Modeling Scenarios

Use (Method of Application) Maximum

Single

Application

Rate

(lb ai /A) Number of

Applications

( Minimum

Application

Interval,

Days) Other Parameters 1

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground) 1.5 1 Foliar dissipation

half

- life =

35 days (default)

Avian NOEC =

500 mg ai /kg

- diet

(bobwhite quail)

MRID 44129201

Mammalian LD 50 = 2190 mg ai /kg

- bw

(rat)

MRID 41063506

Mammalian NOEC =

160 mg ai /kg

- bw

(rat)

MRIDs 41063526 Turf grasses (ground)* 1.4 1

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* 0.76 2 (21)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) 0.75 2 (14)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

(ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

(aerial, ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) 0.75 1

Rice (aerial, ground) 0.5 1

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

(aerial) 0.375 2 (14)

8 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terr estrial/index.htm#trex

### 16 Use (Method of Application) Maximum

Single

Application

Rate

(lb ai /A) Number of

Applications

( Minimum

Application

Interval,

Days) Other Parameters 1

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) & 41910001

Rhubarb (ground) 0.375 2 (30)

Wheat (aerial, ground)** 0.375 1

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H

(ground) 0.25 2 (30)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) 0.245 3 (14)

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

* * for bindweed control

1 Avian acute oral and sub

- acute dietary endpoints are non

- definitive ( i.e. , >) and are thus not included in this table

because they cannot be used to calculate RQs.



### Results of T

- REX modeling of quinclorac residue levels on those dietary food items of mammals

and birds 9 

### are provided in Tables 4

- 2

, 4

- 3 , and 4

- 4

. Results include dietary

- based values ( i.e

., mg/kg

- food item) and dose

- based values ( i.e. , mg/kg

- bw)

.

Table 4

- 2

. Avian Dose

- Based (mg/kg

- bw) Estimated Exposure Concentrations (EECs) a

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- B ased EECs (mg/kg

- bw) b

Small

(20 g) Medium

(100 g) Large

(1000 g)

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground) Short grass 410.00 233.80 104.68

Tall grass 187.92 107.16 47.98

Broadleaf plants 230.63 131.51 58.88

Fruits/pods 25.63 14.61 6.54

Arthropods 160.58 91.57 41.00

Seeds 5.69 3.25 1.45

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 382.67 218.21 97.70

Tall grass 175.39 100.02 44.78

Broadleaf plants 215.25 122.75 54.95

Fruits/pods 23.92 13.64 6.11

Arthropods 149.88 85.47 38.26

Seeds 5.31 3.03 1.36

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A (21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 344.79 196.61 88.03

Tall grass 158.03 90.11 40.35

Broadleaf plants 193.94 110.60 49.51

Fruits/pods 21.55 12.29 5.50

Arthropods 135.04 77.01 34.48

Seeds 4.79 2.73 1.22

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground) Short grass 360.36 205.50 92.00

Tall grass 165.17 94.19 42.17

Broadleaf plants 202.70 115.59 51.75

9 B irds are also used as a surrogate for reptiles and terrestrial

- phase amphibians

.

### 17 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- B ased EECs (mg/kg

- bw) b

Small

(20 g) Medium

(100 g) Large

(1000 g)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) Fruits/pods 22.52 12.84 5.75

Arthropods 141.14 80.49 36.03

Seeds 5.01 2.85 1.28

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils (ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

(aerial, ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) Short grass 205.00 116.90 52.34

Tall grass 93.96 53.58 23.99

Broadleaf plants 115.31 65.76 29.44

Fruits/pods 12.81 7.31 3.27

Arthropods 80.29 45.79 20.50

Seeds 2.85 1.62 0.73

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A

Rice (aerial, ground) Short grass 136.67 77.93 34.89

Tall grass 62.64 35.72 15.99

Broadleaf plants 76.88 43.84 19.63

Fruits/pods 8.54 4.87 2.18

Arthropods 53.53 30.52 13.67

Seeds 1.90 1.08 0.48

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils (aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 180.18 102.75 46.00

Tall grass 82.58 47.09 21.08

Broadleaf plants 101.35 57.80 25.88

Fruits/pods 11.26 6.42 2.88

Arthropods 70.57 40.24 18.02

Seeds 2.50 1.43 0.64

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 159.09 90.72 40.62

Tall grass 72.91 41.58 18.62

Broadleaf plants 89.49 51.03 22.85

Fruits/pods 9.94 5.67 2.54

Arthropods 62.31 35.53 15.91

Seeds 2.21 1.26 0.56

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 102.50 58.45 26.17

Tall grass 46.98 26.79 11.99

Broadleaf plants 57.66 32.88 14.72

Fruits/pods 6.41 3.65 1.64

Arthropods 40.15 22.89 10.25

Seeds 1.42 0.81 0.36

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H (ground) Short grass 106.06 60.48 27.08

Tall grass 48.61 27.72 12.41

Broadleaf plants 59.66 34.02 15.23

Fruits/pods 6.63 3.78 1.69

Arthropods 41.54 23.69 10.61

Seeds 1.47 0.84 0.38

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 156.18 89.06 39.87

Tall grass 71.58 40.82 18.28

Broadleaf plants 87.85 50.10 22.43

### 18 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- B ased EECs (mg/kg

- bw) b

Small

(20 g) Medium

(100 g) Large

(1000 g)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Fruits/pods 9.76 5.57 2.49

Arthropods 61.17 34.88 15.62

Seeds 2.17 1.24 0.55

* i ncludes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

* * for bindweed control

a upper bound Kenaga values

b Minimum and maximum EECs are in BOLD

.



### Table 4

- 3

. Mammalian Dose

- Based (mg/kg

- bw) Estimated Exposure Concentrations

(EECs) a

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- B ased EECs (mg/kg

- bw) b

Small

( 15 g) Medium

( 35 g) Large

(1000 g)

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground) Short grass 343.23 237.22 55.00

Tall grass 157.31 108.73 25.21

Broadleaf plants 193.07 133.44 30.94

Fruits/pods 21.45 14.83 3.44

Arthropods 134.43 92.91 21.54

Seeds 4.77 3.29 0.76

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 320.35 221.40 51.33

Tall grass 146.83 101.48 23.53

Broadleaf plants 180.20 124.54 28.88

Fruits/pods 20.02 13.84 3.21

Arthropods 125.47 86.72 20.11

Seeds 4.45 3.08 0.71

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A (21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 288.64 199.49 46.25

Tall grass 132.29 91.43 21.20

Broadleaf plants 162.36 112.21 26.02

Fruits/pods 18.04 12.47 2.89

Arthropods 113.05 78.13 18.12

Seeds 4.01 2.77 0.64

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) Short grass 301.68 208.50 48.34

Tall grass 138.27 95.56 22.16

Broadleaf plants 169.69 117.28 27.19

Fruits/pods 18.85 13.03 3.02

Arthropods 118.16 81.66 18.93

Seeds 4.19 2.90 0.67

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils (ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

(aerial, ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

(aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) Short grass 171.62 118.6 1 27.50

Tall grass 78.66 54.36 12.60

Broadleaf plants 96.53 66.72 15.47

Fruits/pods 10.73 7.41 1.72

Arthropods 67.22 46.46 10.77

Seeds 2.3 1.65 0.38

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A Short grass 114.41 79.07 18.33

### 19 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- B ased EECs (mg/kg

- bw) b

Small

( 15 g) Medium

( 35 g) Large

(1000 g)

Rice (aerial, ground) Tall grass 52.44 36.24 8.40

Broadleaf plants 64.36 44.48 10.31

Fruits/pods 7.15 4.94 1.15

Arthropods 44.81 30.97 7.18

Seeds 1.59 1.10 0.25

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils (aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 150.84 104.25 24.17

Tall grass 69.13 47.78 11.08

Broadleaf plants 84.85 58.64 13.60

Fruits/pods 9.43 6.52 1.51

Arthropods 59.08 40.83 9.47

Seeds 2.09 1.45 0.34

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 133.18 92.04 21.34

Tall grass 61.04 42.19 9.78

Broadleaf plants 74.91 51.77 12.00

Fruits/pods 8.32 5.75 1.33

Arthropods 52.16 36.05 8.36

Seeds 1.85 1.28 0.30

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 102.50 58.45 26.17

Tall grass 46.98 26.79 11.99

Broadleaf plants 57.66 32.88 14.72

Fruits/pods 6.41 3.65 1.64

Arthropods 40.15 22.89 10.25

Seeds 1.42 0.81 0.36

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H (ground) Short grass 88.79 61.36 14.23

Tall grass 40.69 28.12 6.52

Broadleaf plants 49.94 34.52 8.00

Fruits/pods 5.55 3.84 0.89

Arthropods 34.77 24.03 5.57

Seeds 1.23 0.85 0.20

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Short grass 130.75 90.36 20.95

Tall grass 59.93 41.42 9.60

Broadleaf plants 73.54 50.83 11.78

Fruits/pods 8.17 5.65 1.31

Arthropods 51.21 35.39 8.21

Seeds 1.82 1.26 0.29

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a upper bound Kenaga values

b Minimum and maximum EECs are in BOLD

.

### 20 Table 4

- 4

. Avian and Mammalian Dietary

- Based (mg/kg

- diet) Estimated Exposure

Concentrations (EECs) a

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dietary

- B ased EECs b

(mg/kg

- diet)

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground) Short grass 360.00

Tall grass 165.00

Broadleaf plants 202.50

Fruits/pods/seeds 22.50

Arthropods 141.00

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 336.00

Tall grass 154.00

Broadleaf plants 189.00

Fruits/pods/seeds 21.00

Arthropods 131.60

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A (21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 302.74

Tall grass 138.76

Broadleaf plants 170.29

Fruits/pods/seeds 18.92

Arthropods 118.57

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) Short grass 316.41

Tall grass 145.02

Broadleaf plants 177.98

Fruits/pods/seeds 19.78

Arthropods 123.93

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

(ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve (aerial,

ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) Short grass 180.00

Tall grass 82.50

Broadleaf plants 101.25

Fruits/pods/seeds 11.25

Arthropods 70.50

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A

Rice (aerial, ground) Short grass 120.00

Tall grass 55.00

Broadleaf plants 67.50

Fruits/pods/seeds 7.50

Arthropods 47.00

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

(aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 158.21

Tall grass 72.51

Broadleaf plants 88.99

Fruits/pods/seeds 9.89

Arthropods 61.96

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 139.68

Tall grass 64.02

Broadleaf plants 78.57

Fruits/pods/seeds 8.73

Arthropods 54.71

### 21 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dietary

- B ased EECs b

(mg/kg

- diet)

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 90.00

Tall grass 41.25

Broadleaf plants 50.63

Fruits/pods/seeds 5.63

Arthropods 35.25

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H

(ground) Short grass 93.12

Tall grass 42.68

Broadleaf plants 52.38

Fruits/pods/seeds 5.82

Arthropods 36.47

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Short grass 137.13

Tall grass 62.85

Broadleaf plants 77.14

Fruits/pods/seeds 8.57

Arthropods 53.71

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a upper bound Kenaga values

b Minimum and maximum EECs are in BOLD

.



### 4.1.1.2 Inhalation

Exposure to birds and mammals via inhalation is unlikely given quinclorac’s low vapor pressure

( i.e. , 7.5x10

- 8 

### mm Hg) and the results of EFED’s Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR v.

1.0) 10 

### ( Appendix A )

.

4.1.1.3 Drinking Water

EFED’s Screening Imbibition Program 11 

### (SIP v. 1.0) indicates potential chronic risk to birds

through the consumption of quinclorac

- contaminated drin king water ( Appendix B )

. This risk is

discussed further in the Risk Description section of this document.

4.1.2 Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- A quatic) P lants

TerrPlant 12 

### (v1.2.2; October 29, 2009) is used as a Tier 1 model for screening

- level assessments

of pes ticides. The model provides estimates of exposure to terrestrial plants from single

p esticide applications; the model does not consider exposures to plants from multiple pesticide

applications. TerrPlant derives pesticide EECs in runoff and in spray drif t and RQs for non

listed and listed species of monocots and dicots inhabiting dry (upland) and semi

- aquatic areas.

Input parameters for TerrPlant ( Table 4

- 5 ) include maximum application rate, incorporation

depth (1 inch), water solubility (64 mg/L) to inform the run

- off fraction (2%), spray drift fraction

10 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm#stir

11 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/terrestrial/index.htm#sip

12 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/ter restrial/index.htm#terrplant

### 22 (1% for ground application; 5% for aerial application), and definitive toxicity endpoints from

seedling e mergence (SE) and vegetative vigor (VV) studies

.

EECs used to evaluate potential risk to terrestrial plants are provided in Table 4

- 6

.

If a specific use of quinclorac result s in a LOC exc e edance from spray drift alone , a dditional

modeling via the A gDri ft Tier 1 model 13 

### (v2.01; May 24, 2001) i s used to est imate buffer

distances. Buffer distance is the distance offsite where effects to terrestrial plants are no longer

expected. The results of this modeling are discussed in the Risk Description section of this

document.

Table 4

- 5 . Input Parameters for TerrPlant Modeling Scenarios

Use Maximum

Single

Application

Rate

(lb ai /A) Spray Drift

Fraction a

(%) Other Parameters

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows 1.5 1

Incorporation depth =

≤ 1 inch

Runoff fraction =

2%

S E endpoints

MRID 41403501

Monocot (onion)

EC 25 & NO EC =

0.13 & 0.125

lb ai /A

Dicot (carrot)

EC 25 & NO EC =

0.0032 & 0.0025

lb ai /A

VV endpoints

MRID 41403503

Monocot (corn)

EC 25 & NO EC =

1.095 & 0.5 lb ai /A

Dicot (tomato)

EC 25 & NO EC =

0.007 & 0.005

lb ai /A Turf grasses * 1.4 1

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Turf grasses * 0.76 1

Agricultural fallow land /idle land/conservation reserve

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way 0.75 5

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

Agricultural fallow land /idle land/conservation reserve

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way 0.75 1

Rice 0.5 5

Rice 0.5 1

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum

Wheat ** 0.375 5

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Rhubarb

Sorghum

Wheat ** 0.375 1

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H 0.25 1

Sorghum

Wheat 0.245 5

Sorghum

Wheat 0.245 1

SE = seedling emergence; VV = vegetative vigor

13 http://www.agdrift.com

### 23 * includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a 1% for ground application; 5% for aerial application



### Table 4

- 6 . Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- aquatic) Plant Estimated Exposure

Concentrations (EECs)

Application Information

Use Runoff EEC a

(lb ai /A) Drift

EEC a

(lb ai /A) Total Loading EEC a

(Runoff +Drift)

(lb ai /A)

Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

A quatic

Areas All Areas Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

A quatic

Areas

1.5 lb ai /A, ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows 0.03 0.3 0.015 0.045 0.315

1.4 lb ai /A, ground

Turf grasses* 0.028 0.28 0.014 0.042 0.294

0.76 lb ai /A, ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/ fencerows/

hedgerows

Turf grasses* 0.0152 0.152 0.0076 0.0228 0.1596

0.75 lb ai /A, aerial

Agricultural fallow land /idle land/

conservation reserve

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way 0.015 0.15 0.0375 0.0525 0.1875

0.75 lb ai /A, ground

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation

reserve

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/ fencerows/

hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way 0.015 0.15 0.0075 0.0225 0.1575

0.5 lb ai /A, aerial

Rice 0.01 0.1 0.025 0.035 0.125

0.5 lb ai /A, ground

Rice 0.01 0.1 0.005 0.015 0.105

0.375 lb ai /A, aerial

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/ 0.0075 0.075 0.01875 0.02625 0.09375

### 24 Application Information

Use Runoff EEC a

(lb ai /A) Drift

EEC a

(lb ai /A) Total Loading EEC a

(Runoff +Drift)

(lb ai /A)

Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

A quatic

Areas All Areas Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

A quatic

Areas

hedgerows

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum

Wheat**

0.375 lb ai /A, ground

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Rhubarb

Sorghum

Wheat** 0.0075 0.075 0.00375 0.01125 0.07875

0.25 lb ai /A, ground

Low growing berry (except strawberry)

subgroup 13

- 07H 0.005 0.05 0.0025 0.0075 0.0525

0.245 lb ai /A, aerial

Sorghum

Wheat 0.0049 0.049 0.01225 0.01715 0.06125

0.245 lb ai /A, ground

Sorghum

Wheat 0.0049 0.049 0.00245 0.00735 0. 0 5145

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a Minimum and maximum EECs are in BOLD

.



### 4.2 A quatic Exposure

All Uses Except Cranberry and Rice

Tier II surface water EECs were calculated using PRZM ( P esticide R oot Z one M odel, v3.12.3;

June, 2006) and EXAMS ( EX posure A nalysis M odeling S ystem, version 2.98.04.06, April 2005)

models in the PE5 shell 14 

### . Standard crop scenarios were selected when available and surrogate

scenarios (standard and non

- standard) were used in the absence of a standard scenario specific to

a given use. Table 4

- 7 lists the input parameters used for the PRZM/EXAMS modeling. A

representative PRZM/EXAMS output file is provided in Appendix C

. Ta ble 4

- 9 presents EECs

from the registered uses.

PRZM/EXAMS output shows an accumulation of quinclorac in the standard farm pond over the

modeled 30

- year time series. This is due to the persistence of quinclorac and invalidates the

probabilistic meaning of the 1

- in

- 10 year return frequency of the EECs (i.e., the y early EECs are

14 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water

### 25 not independent because there is autocorrelation in the dataset due to the accumulation).

Consequently, the reported 1

- in

- 10 year EECs are likely conservative because they represent a

27

- year accumulation of quinclorac in the standard farm pond. Nonetheless, LOCs were not

exceeded using these EECs ( see Section 6.2 ).

Table 4

- 7 . PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameter Values

Parameter (Units) Input Value and Unit Source/Comments

Maximum Application Rate Turf grasses

1.4 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2

Sorghum

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

0.245 lb ai/A x 3

Wheat

0.245 lb ai/A x 3

Rangeland / Pasture

0.75 lb ai/A x 1

Rights of way/Fencerow/Hedgerows

1.5 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2

Grass grown for seed

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

Fallow land

0.75 lb ai/A x 1

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

Grass forage/Fodder/Hay

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

Low growing berr y subgroup 13

- 07H

(except cranberry and strawberry)

0.25 lb ai/A x 2

Rhubarb

0.375 lb ai/A x 2 Labels/BEAD 2012

information

Turf grasses cate gory includes

the following uses: airports/

landing fields, commercial/

industrial lawns, golf course

turf, ornamental lawns and turf,

ornamental sod farm,

recreation area lawns, and

residential lawns.

Rights of way/

fencerow/hedgerows category

includes agricultural, non

agricultural, and utility pole

rights of way.

Fallow land category includes

the following uses: agricultural

fallow and agricultural/non

agricultural uncultivated areas.

### 26 Parameter (Units) Input Value and Unit Source/Comments

Minimum Reapplication Interval 14 days*

21 days (turf grasses an d rights of

way/fencerow/hedgerows at 0.7647 lb ai/A

rate)

30 days (low growing berries and rhubarb) Labels/BEAD 2012

information

*A minimum interval is not

reported for all uses. It was

assumed that the minimum

interval was 14 days unless

indicated otherwise, consistent

with the Problem Formulation

(2007) and previous

assessments.

There is a pre

- harvest interval

of 30 days for rhubarb and 60

days for low growing berries.

Modeling Scenarios Turf grasses

FL turf

PA turf

Sorghum

KS sorghum

Wheat

ND wheat

Rangeland / Pasture

FL turf

PA turf

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

Rights of way/Fencerow/Hedgerows

CArightofwayRLF_v2

Grass grown for seed

ORgrassseed

Fallow land

FL turf

PA turf

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

Grass forage/Fodder/Hay

FL turf

PA turf

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

Low growing berr y subgroup 13

- 07H

(except cranberry and strawberry)

ORberriesOP

Rhubarb

CA cole cropRLF_v2

CA lettuce EFED standard

PRZM/EXAMS scenarios

unless indicated otherwise.

There is not a standard scenario

for rangeland/past ure, fallow

land, or grass forage/ fodder/

hay. Standard turf scenarios

and a non

- standard CA range

and hay scenario were used as

surrogates.

In the absence of a standard

rights

- of

- way scenario, a non

standard CA scenario was used.

There is not a scenari o specific

to low growing berr y subgroup

13

- 07H. ORberriesOP was

used as a surrogate scenario.

There is not a scenario specific

to rhubarb. Other leafy

vegetable crop scenarios were

used as surrogates (CA cole

crop and CA lettuce).

### 27 Parameter (Units) Input Value and Unit Source/Comments

Initial Application Dates (dd

- mm) Turf grasses

FL turf

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

PA turf

(01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06, 01

- 07, 01

- 08,

01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11)

Sorghum

KS sorghum

(20

- 05, postplant; 09

- 04, preplant)

Wheat

ND wheat

(01

- 08, preplant winter wheat; 25

- 03,

preplant spring wheat)

Rangeland / Pasture

FL turf

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

PA turf

(01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06, 01

- 07, 01

- 08,

01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11)

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

Rights of way/Fencerow/Hedgerows

CArightofwayRLF_v2

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

Gr ass grown for seed

ORgrassseed

(01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06, 01

- 07, 01

- 08,

01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11)

Fallow land

FL turf

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

PA turf

(01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06, 01

- 07, 01

- 08,

01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11)

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

Grass forage/Fodder/Hay

FL turf

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12) Based on labels/BEAD 2012

information and PRZM

scenarios.

Additional sources: Kansas

state university research and

extension planting guide

( www.ksre.ksu.edu/library/crps

l2/l818.pdf ), North Dakota

State University extension

service (www.ag.ndsu.edu)

Certain uses do not restrict

when application may occur, in

those cases it was assumed that

application could occur

throughout the year (winter

mo nths were excluded in

certain scenarios depending on

geography).

### 28 Parameter (Units) Input Value and Unit Source/Comments

PA turf

(01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06, 01

- 07, 01

- 08,

01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11)

CArangelandhayRLF_v2

(01

- 01, 01

- 02, 01

- 03, 01

- 04, 01

- 05, 01

- 06,

01

- 07, 01

- 08, 01

- 09, 01

- 10, 01

- 11, 01

- 12)

Low growing berr y (except cranberry and

strawberry)

ORberriesOP

(01

- 05)

Rhubarb

CA cole cropRLF_v2

(01

- 01)

CA lettuce

(13

- 03)

Application Method Ground

(turf grasses, rights

- of way/ fencerow/

hedgerows, low growing berries, rhubarb)

Aerial

(sorghum, wheat, rangeland/pasture, grass

grown for seed, fallow land, grass forage /

fodder /hay

Foliar (CAM = 2)

(turf grasses, sorghum, rangeland/pasture,

rights

- of way/fencerow/hedgerows, grass

grown for seed, grass forage / fodder /hay,

low growing berries, rhubarb)

Surface (CAM = 1)

(sorghum, wheat, fallow land) Labe ls/BEAD 2012

information

Aerial application method was

used as input when aerial and

ground applications are

permitted at the same

application rate. Aerial

applications result in higher

EDWCs.

Aerial application is permitted

for rights

- of

- way/

fencerow/hedgerow but at a

lower rate than ground

applications. Ground

applications resulted in higher

EDWCs.

Application Efficiency Fraction 0.99 (ground)

0.95 (aerial) EFED guidance 1

Spray Drift Loading Fraction 0.01 (ground)

0.05 (aerial) EFED guidance 1

Incorporation depth (cm) 0

Molecular Weight (g/mole) 242 Product Chemistry

Water Solubility (mg/L) 64 Product Chemistry

Vapor Pressure (torr) 7.5 × 10

- 8 Product Chemistry

K OC (L/kg

oc ) 36 Mean Value (EFED guidance) 1

MRID 41063562

Hydrolysis Half

- life (days) 0 MRID 40320816

Stable

Aqueous Photolysis Half

- life (days) 0 MRID 41063560

Stable

### 29 Parameter (Units) Input Value and Unit Source/Comments

Aerobic Soil Metabolism (days) 622 MRID 44084503 and

41247301

90 th percentile confidence

interval on mean half

- life (168

and 391 days) (EFED

guidance) 1

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism (days) 0 MRID 42294102 and

42294103

Stable

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism (days) 0 MRID 42294104, 41063561,

and 42786401

Stable

1 Input Parameter Guidance Manual, Pesticides (Version 2.1; Oct. 22, 2009)



### Cranber ry

Aquatic exposure was estimated using the Provisional Cranberry Model (v2, December 8, 2010),

whi ch is further described in the Registration R eview drinking water assessment (DP 405093).

Model input parameters are listed in Table 4

- 8

. The equations used in the Provisional Cranberry

Model are briefly described in a previous assessment ( DP 363581 ; May 5, 2009 ) . The output file

is provided in Appendix D

. Table 4

- 9 presents EECs from quinclorac use on cranberry.

Table 4

- 8 . Provisional Tier 1 Cranberry Model Input Parameters

Input Parameter Value Source

Application Rate (lb ai /A) 0.25 Label

Applications per Year 2 Label

Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient

(K OC ) (L/kg OC ) 36 MRID 41063562

Average Value (EFED guidance)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half

- life

(days) 622 MRID 44084503

Upper 90 th percentile confidence interval

on the mean of two half

- lives: 168 and

391 days (EFED guidance)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half

- life

(days) 1295 MRIDs 42294102 and 42294103

Upper 90 th percentile confidence interval

on the mean of two half

- lives: 1229 and

393 days (EFED guidance) 1

1 Quinclorac is considered stable to aerobic aquatic metabolism based on the available study results. Half

- lives were

extrapolated well beyond th e study duration (30 days). Those values were used as the basis for representing aerobic

aquatic metabolism in the Provisional Cranberry model because a half

- life value is required for input.



### Rice

Quinclorac use on rice is labeled for a single maximum application of 0.5 lb ai/A (once per

season). The Tier I rice model (v1.0) 15 

### was used to estimate EECs for use of quinclorac on rice:

15 http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water

### 30 C

w 

### = m ai ′ 

### / (0.00105 + 0.0000013*K

oc 

### )

where C

w 

### = EEC (μg/L), m ai ′ 

### = application rate (kg/ha), and K

oc 

### = mean organic carbon partition

coefficient (L/kg

oc 

### ).

Table 4

- 9 . Quinclorac Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) in Surface Water

Use Scenario Estimated Environmental Concentrations (μg/L) 1

Peak 21 day 60 day

Turf grasses 2

1.4 lb ai /A x 1

0.76 lb ai /A x 2 FL turf 3 72.3 72.3 72.3

PA turf 3,4 96.3 96.3 96.3

FL turf 3 68.1 68.1 68.0

PA turf 3,4 114.8 114.8 114.8

Sorghum

0.375 lb ai /A x 2

0.245 lb ai /A x 3 KS sorghum (postplant) 5 182.9 182.9 182.9

KS sorghum (preplant) 160.7 160.7 160.7

Wheat ND wheat (preplant spring) 184.8 184.8 184.8

ND wheat (preplant winter) 213.8 213.8 213.8

Rangeland/pasture FL turf 3 81.6 81.6 81.6

PA turf 3,4 94.0 94.0 94.0

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 3 182.7 182.7 182.7

Rights

- of

- way/

fencerows /hedgerows 6

1.5 lb ai /A x 1

0.76 lb ai /A x 2 CArightofwayRLF_v2 3 128.0 128.0 128.0

CArightofwayRLF_v2 3 129.0 129.0 129.0

Grass grown for seed ORgrassseed 3,4 107.7 107.7 106.7

Fallow land 7 FL turf 3 75.8 75.8 75.8

PA turf 3,4 80.2 80.2 80.2

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 3 150.6 150.6 150.6

Grass forage/fodder/hay FL turf 3 80.1 80.1 80.0

PA turf 3,4 85.7 85.6 85.6

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 3 185.5 185.5 185.5

Low growing berry

(except cranberry and

strawberry) subgroup

13

- 07H ORberriesOP 13.5 13.5 13.5

Rhubarb CA cole crop RLF_v2 193.4 193.4 192.5

CA lettuce 143.3 143.3 143.3

Cranberry 8 Provisional Cranberry Model 163.8 162.9 161.2

Rice Tier I Rice Model 9 511.1 511.1 511.1

1 E EC s based on aerial applications are presented for uses that permit aerial and ground applications at the same application rate.

2 Turf grasses category includes the following uses: airports/landing fields (application rates for this use are slightly lower than

the oth ers and so EECs would be slightly lower as well), commercial/industrial lawns, golf course turf, ornamental lawns and

turf, ornamental sod farm, recreation area lawns, and residential lawns. Presented EECs assume 100% of a 10 ha field is treated.

Uses su ch as commercial and residential lawns would typically occur over smaller areas and include impervious surfaces. EECs

for those situations will be lower than those presented (the current standard modeling technique is to assume 1% overspray on to

imperviou s surfaces, 50% pervious/50% impervious surfaces, and 50% of the pervious surface is treated). For example, the EEC

is 28. 8 μg/L (peak, 21 day, and 60 days) for use of 0.76 lb ai/A x 2 (PA turf scenario) when the combination of

impervious/pervious surfaces is considered.

3 Highest value of twelve estimates (first application on the first day of each month) because there are no res trictions on when

pesticide may be applied.

4 Although permitted, it was assumed that winter applications would be unlikely (December, January, February).

5 Two applications between preemergence and postemergence (up to 12 inches)

### 31 6 EECs are based on non

- a gricultural rights of way/fencerow/hedgerows use application rates and are greater than those for use

on agricultural rights of way/fencerow/hedgerows and utility poles/rights of way (these two uses have lower application rates ).

Presented EECs are based o n post

- processing assumptions of pervious/impervious surfaces (see footnote 2).

7 Fallow land category includes agricultural fallow use (0.75 lb ai /A x 1, aerial) and agricultural/non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas (0.375 lb ai /A x 2, 14 day interval, aerial). Both application rates were modeled; the highest EECs are presented.

8 EECs are presented for paddy water. EECs would be slightly lower after a 3 or 21

- day holding period.

9 Based on a single screening

- level concentration.



## 5 Effects Characterizati on

D ata are obtained from registrant

- submitted studies or from open literature studies identified by

ECOTOX 16 

### to characterize the effects of quinclorac to non

- target organisms

. Additi onal effects

characterization i s provided by reviews of reported inciden ts involving use of quinclorac.

A data call

- in (DCI) was issued for two toxicity studies after the 2007 EFED Problem

Formulation for Quinclorac Registration Review :

• 850.1010

– Aquatic invertebrate acute toxicity test, freshwater daphnids

• 850.1300

– Daphnid chronic toxicity test

The se acute and chronic daphnid studies were requested because the daphnid 21

- day NOEC of

110 mg ai /L (MRID 44129202) unexpectedly exceeded the 48

- hour EC 50 

### of 29.8 mg ai /L

(MRID 41063556). This was likely the result of diff erences in test water conditions and the use

of a surfactant in the acute toxicity test but not in the chronic toxicity test

. The registrant

subsequently submitted a daphnid acute toxicity test that did not use a surfactant (MRID

4 7421001 ) . This study, w hich was deemed acceptable, yielded a 48

- hour EC 50 

### of > 100 mg ai /L

and rectified the inconsistency between the acute and chronic toxicity values. Thus the Data

Call

- In (DCI) for the chronic toxicity test was waived (DP 376601)

.

There i s one open literature study ( E112909) on the effects of quinclorac to the aquatic

macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) that i s used qualitatively in this assessment

. O ther open literature studies also referenced quinclorac, but these a re not included in this

assessment because the reported toxicity endpoints are less sensitive than those from registrant

submitt ed studies or the information i s not appropriate for inclusion for a variety of reasons

including the reported endpoint is not comparable to a guidelin e endpoint or the report ed

endpoint is not convertible to units used in risk assessment models. Quinclora c studies that a re

found in the open literature and passed the initial screen but a re not used in the assessment and

the reasons for their exclusion are provided in Appendix E

.

5.1 Effects to Terrestrial O rganisms

Summaries of data u sed to characterize the effects of quinclorac to terrestrial organisms are

provided in Table 5

- 1

. The most s ensitive d ef initive toxicity endpoints us ed in RQ calculations

are bolded.

16 http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/

### 32 Table 5

- 1 . Endpoints U sed to C haracterize the E ffects of Q uinclorac to T errestrial O rganisms

Assessment

Endpoint Measurement Endpoint TGAI /

Form (%) Species Toxicity Endpoints 1,2 , Effects, & Classification Source &

Classification

S urvival , growth,

and reproduction

of birds

(surrogate for

reptiles, and

terrestrial

- phase

amphibians ) Most sensitive avian a cute

oral LD 50 TGAI

(98.3) Mallard duck

( Anas

platyrhynchos L.) 14

- day LD 50 > 1900 mg ai /kg

- bw (m)

14

- day NOEL = 970 mg ai /kg

- bw (m)

(NOEL based on prostration, ataxia and convulsions

at 1900 mg/kg

- bw)

At most slightly toxic MRID 40320810

Supplemental

(due to

questionable

husbandry

practices)

TGAI

(98.27) Bobwhite quail

( Colinus

virginianus ) 14

- day LD 50 > 2000 mg ai /kg

- bw (nom)

14

- day NOEL = 2000 mg ai /kg

- bw (nom)

(no effects)

Practically non

- toxic MRID 41063547

Acceptable

Most sensitive avian s ub

acute dietary LC 50 TGAI

(96.5) Mallard duck

( Anas

platyrhynchos L.) 8

- day LC 50 > 5000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

8

- day NOEC = 5000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

(no effects)

Practically non

- toxic MRID 40320811

Acceptable

TGAI

(96.5) Bobwhite quail

( Colinus

virginianus ) 8

- day LC 50 > 5000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

8

- day NOEC = 1250 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

(NOEC based on 1 mortality at 2500 mg/kg

- bw)

Practically non

- toxic MRID 40320812

Acceptable

Most sensitive avian

c hronic NOEC TGAI

(99.19) Mallard duck

( Anas

platyrhynchos ) 21

- week NOEC = 1000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

21

- week NOEC > 1000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

(no effects) MRID 44084501

Acceptable

TGAI

(99.19) Bobwhite quail

( Colinus

virginianus ) 27

- week NOEC = 500 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

27

- week LOEC = 1000 mg ai /kg

- diet (nom)

(NOEC based on reduction in the percentage of 14

- day

- old survivors of eggs set at 1000 mg/kg

- bw) MRID 44129201

Acceptable

Survival , growth,

and reproduction

of mammals Most sensitive

mammalian acute LD 50 TGAI

(NS) Rat (Wistar) male: 14

- day LD 50 = 3060 mg ai /kg

- bw

Probit slope (95% C.I.) = 9.4 (3.7

- 15.0 ) a

female: 14

- day LD 50 = 2190 mg ai /kg

- bw

Probit slope (95% C.I.) = 3.0 (1.5

- 4.5 ) a

Practically non

- toxic MRID 41063506

Acceptable

TGAI

(NS) Mouse (B6C3F1) LD 50 > 2000 mg ai /kg

- bw

Practically non

- toxic MRID 41063507

Acceptable

Most sensitive

mammalian chronic

NOEC TGAI

(97.4

- 98.3) Rat (Wistar) 2

- generation reproduction

NOEL = 160 mg ai /kg

- bw/ day

LOEL = 480 mg ai /kg

- bw/day

(NOEL based on reduced parental body weights and

reduced pup viability for both generations ) MRIDs 41063526

& 41910001

Minimum 3

### 33 Assessment

Endpoint Measurement Endpoint TGAI /

Form (%) Species Toxicity Endpoints 1,2 , Effects, & Classification Source &

Classification

Survival , growth,

and reproduction

of terrestrial

invertebrates Most sensitive terrestrial

invertebrate acute LD 50 TGAI

(98.5) Honey bee

( Apis mellifera ) 96

- hr LD 50 > 357 μg ai /bee

Practically non

- toxic MRID 41063575

Acceptable

Form

(50) Honey bee

( Apis mellifera ) 96

- hr LD 50 > 181 μg ai /bee

Practically non

- toxic MRID 41063576

Acceptable

Survival, growth

and reproduction

of terrestrial plants Seedling emergence:

Most sensitive monocot

EC 25 and NOEC TGAI

(96.5) Onion

( Allium cepa ) 21

- day EC 25 = 0.13 lb ai /A

21

- day NOEC = 0.125 lb ai /A

(based on dry weight) MRID 41403501

Acceptable

Seedling emergence:

Most sensitive dicot EC 25

and NOEC Carrot

( Daucus carota ) 21

- day EC 25 = 0.0032 lb ai /A

21

- day NOEC = 0.0025 lb ai /A

(based on dry weight)

Vegetative vigor: Most

sensitive monocot EC 25

and NOEC TGAI

(96.5) Corn

( Zea mays ) 21

- day EC 25 = 1.095 lb ai /A

21

- day NOEC = 0.5 lb ai /A

(based on height) MRID 41403503

Acceptable

Vegetative vigor:

Most sensitive dicot EC 25

and NOEC Tomato

( Lycopersicon

esculentum ) 21

- day EC 25 = 0.007 lb ai /A

21

- day NOEC = 0.005 lb ai /A

(based on dry weight)

Form = formulation; NS = not specified

1 BOLD values used in RQ calculations

2 m = measured; mm = mean

- measured; nom = nominal

3 Health Effects Division classification

a calculated by EFED

### 34 5.1.1 B irds

Based on studies with mallard duck and bobwhite quail, q uinclorac is practically non

- toxic to at

most slight l y toxic to birds on an acute oral basis and practically non

- toxic to birds on sub

- acute

dietary basis.

In the acute oral study with mallard duck (MRID 40320810), two birds, one out of 5 male s and

one out of five female s , in the highest t reatment group, 1900 mg ai /kg

- bw, died on day 0, and

one control male died on day 7. In the highest treatment group, some birds, both males and

females, showed su b

- lethal effects such as prostr ation, ataxia, and convulsions resulting in a

NOEL of 970 mg a i /kg

- bw

. The study was classified as supplemental due to questionable

husbandry practices inclu ding the necks of the ducks being bound with rubber bands to prevent

regurgitation

. Given the lack of toxicity observed in the acute oral study with bobwhite q uail

and the sub

- acute dietary studies with bobwhite quail and mallard duck (see below), the toxicity

observed is this study may not be treatment related but rather be due to the dubious use of

ligature as a means of ensuring dosage.

In the acute oral study with bobwhite quail (MRID 41063547), soft feces were noted in the

highest treatment group, 2000 mg ai /kg

- bw, on the day of administration; otherwise birds in this

group appeared healthy. In addition, initial feed consumption of all treatment groups (both

sexes) was slightly reduced when compared with the control group; however, the mean total feed

consumption during the entire observation period was similar among the control and treatment

groups.

No effects were noted in the sub

- acute dietary study with mallard duck (MRID 40320811). A

single mortality occurring in the 2500 mg ai /kg

- diet treatment group of the sub

- acute dietary

study with bobwhite quail (MRID 40320812) resulted in a NOEC of 1250 mg ai /kg

- diet;

otherwise no effects were noted.

In the reproduction study with mallard duck (MRID 44084501), there were no overt signs of

toxicity or mortalities and no significant effects on any reproductive parameters in any treatment

group when compared with the control group.

In the reproduction study wi th bobwhite quail (MRID 44129201), there were no overt signs of

toxicity or mortalities in any treatment group. However, there was a significant decrease in the

percentage of 14

- day

- old hatchling survivors of eggs set in the highest treatment group, 1000 mg

ai /kg

- diet, when compared with the control group resulting in a NOEC of 500 mg ai /kg

- diet

.

5.1.2 M ammals

Based on studies with rat and mouse , quinclorac is practically non

- toxic to mammals on an acute

oral basis. In the study with rat (MRID 41063506)

, s ympt oms of toxicity in males in treatment

groups ≥ 1780 mg ai /kg

- bw included d yspnea, apathy, staggering, spastic gait, piloerection,

exicosis, and poor genital state from 1 hour/1 day to 3 days post

- dosing; symptoms of toxicity in

females in treatment groups ≥ 825 mg ai /kg

- bw included those noted for males plus excitation

### 35 and lacri mation, generally occurring from 1 hour/1 day to 8

- 9 days post

- dosing in the highest

treatment group (3830 mg ai /kg

- bw) and from 1 to 3 days in affected lower treatment groups.

In the study with mouse (MRID 41063507), 20 and 40% mortality occurred in the 600 and 5000

mg/kg

- bw treatment groups. Symptoms of toxicity in treatment groups ≥ 2000 mg/kg

- bw

included dyspnea, apathy, staggering, piloerection, and poor general state; no symptoms of

toxicity were noted in the 200 and 600 mg/kg

- bw treatment groups.

In the 2

- generation study with rats (MRIDs 41063526 and 41910001), symptoms of toxicity

including reduced body weight during the premating (both sexes) and lactation period and an

increased incidence of interstitial nephritis (females) were observed in the parental rats of both

generations at 480 mg/kg

- bw/day yielding a NOEL for parental systemic toxicity of 160 mg

ai/kg

- bw/day. Treatment

- related effects including reduced pup viability, delayed growth and

physical development (pinna unfolding, eye opening) , decreased body weights through lactation,

and a reduction in pup survival were observed in F 1 

### and F 2 

### pups at 480 mg/kg

- bw/day yielding a

developmental NOEL of 160 mg ai/kg

- bw/day. No reproductive effects were noted for any

treatment groups

.

5.1.3 T errestrial I nvertebrates

Based on two contact t oxicity studies with honeybees, one with TGAI (MRID 41063575 ) and

one with a 60% formulation ( MRID 41063576 ), quinclorac is practically non

- toxic to terrestrial

invertebrates. In the acute contact toxicity study with TGAI, mortality after 96 hours in the

control, 119, 238, and 357 μg ai /bee treatment groups was 1 1.4% (range: 6.5

- 18.3%, depending

on test)

, 12.7 % , 7.9 % (range: 2.83

- 13.3%, depending on test)

, and 21.1 %, respectiv ely. In the

acute contact toxicity study with a 60% formulation of quinclorac, mortality after 96 hours in the

control, 60, 121, and 181 μg ai /bee treatment groups was 11.4% (range: 6.5

- 18. 3 %, depending

on test), 18.8% , 10 .3 %

, and 25.9 % (range: 16.4

- 33.7% , depending on test) , respectively.

5.1.4 T errestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) P lants

Both seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies have been conducted with TGAI (SE:

MRID 414035 01; VV: MRID 41403503) and a 50 % formulation (Facet; SE: MRID 41403502;

VV: MRID 41403504) of quinclorac. The studies with TGAI yielded lower toxicity endpoints

and are thus presented in Table 5

- 2 . In the 2007 EFED problem f ormulation (DP 344485 ), non

definitive NOECs ( i.e. , <) were p rovided for the seedling emergence study (MRID 41403501)

because the reported NOECs were greater than the reported EC 25 

### ’s. Re

- analysis of the raw data

for the most sensitive monocot and dicot, onion and carrot, respectively

, yielded a definitive

NOEC that was less than the EC 25 

### . These newly calculated values are presented in Table 5

- 2

. In general, dicots are two orders of magnitude more sensitive to quinclorac than monocots.

5.2 Effects to A quatic O rganisms

Summaries of data used to characterize the effects of quinclorac to aquatic organisms are

provided in Table 5

- 2

. The most sensitive d efinitive toxicity endpoints u sed in RQ calculations

are bolded.

### 36 5.2.1 Freshwater F ish

Based on studies with bluegill sunfish and rainbow trout, quinclorac is slightly toxic to

freshwater fish on an acute basis.

For the acute study with bluegill sunfish using 1 part TGAI to 12 parts surfactant (MRID

41063555), a re

- analysis of the raw data using newly

- calculat ed, mean

- measured concentrations

yielded the updated LC 50 

### of 30.3 mg ai /L which is reflected in Table 5

- 2

. Mortality in the

negative and surfactant control s was 0% and 5% (1 out of 20 fish), respectively. The NOEC of

18.0 mg ai /L is based on statistically

- significant mortality at higher test concentrations when

compared w ith the negative control . In addition, fish at the highest test concentration, 45 mg

ai /L, exhibited lethargy and erratic swimming after 48 hours of exposure; this effect continued

until mortality or termination of the test. No other sublethal effects we re observed.

For the acute study with rainbow trout using 1 part TGAI to 6 parts surfactant (MRID

41063554), newly

- calculated

, mean

- measured concentrations resulted in an updated LC 50 

### of >

86.2 mg ai /L ( Table 5

- 2 ) . The only mortalities in this study were 1 (5%) at the highest test

concentration, 86.2 mg ai /L, and 1 (5%) in the surfactant control group. No sublethal effects

were noted.

In the acute study with rainbow trout using TGAI (MRID 41063548), no mortalities or adverse

effects w ere observed.

In the early life

- stage study with fathead minnow (MRID 44084502), the NOEC of 16 mg ai /L is

based on the most sensitive endpoint of reduced larval length. However, larval survival, wet

weight, and dry weight were also significantly affecte d at concentrations ≥ 62 mg ai /L.

5.2.2 Estuarine/Marine F ish

Based on a study with sheepshead minnow (MRID 41063549), quinclorac is at most slightly

toxic to estuarine/marine fish on an acute basis. No mortality or adverse effects were reported

for organisms at the only concentration tested, 94.4 mg ai /L.

### 37 Table 5

- 2 . Endpoints U sed to C haracterize the E ffects of Q uinclorac to A quatic O rganisms

Assessment

Endpoint Measurement

Endpoint TGAI

(%) Species Toxicity Values 1,2 , Effects, & Classification Source &

Classification

Survival , growth,

and rep roduction of

freshwater fish

(surrogate for

aquatic

- phase

amphibians ) Most sensitive

freshwater fish acute

LC 50 1 part

TGAI

(96.2):

12 parts

surfactant Bluegill sunfish

( Lepomis macrochirus ) 96

- hr LC 50 (95% C.I.) = 30.3 (25.7

- 37.9) mg

ai /L ( m m )

Probit slope (95% C.I.)

= 4.4 (2.8

- 6.0)

96

- hr NOEC = 18.0 mg ai /L ( m m )

( NOEC based on mortality)

Slightly toxic MRID 41063555

Acceptable

1 part

TGAI

(96.2):

6 parts

surfactant Rainbow trout

( Salmo gairdneri ) 96

- hr LC 50 > 86.2 mg ai /L (mm)

96

- hr NOEC = 86.2 mg ai /L (mm)

( NOEC based on mortality )

At most s lightly toxic MRID 41063554

Acceptable

TGAI (98) Rainbow trout

( Salmo gairdneri ) 96

- hr LC 50 > 97.2 mg ai /L (mm)

96

- hr NOEC = 97.2 mg ai /L (mm)

(no effects)

At most s lightly toxic MRID 41063548

Acceptable

Most sensitive

freshwater fish

chronic NOEC TGAI

(96.6) Fathead minnow

( Pimephales promelas ) Early life

- stage

33

- day NOEC = 16 mg ai /L (mm)

33

- day LOEC = 31 mg ai /L (mm)

(based on larval length ) MRID 44084502

Acceptable

Survival , growth,

and reproduction of

estuarine/marine

fish Most sensitive

estuarine/marine fish

acute LC 50 TGAI

(96.5) Sheepshead minnow

( Cyprinodon variegatus ) 96

- hr LC 50 > 94.4 mg ai /L (mm)

96

- hr NOEC = 94.4 mg ai /L (mm)

(no effects)

At most slightly toxic MRID 41063549

Acceptable

Survival , growth,

and reproduction of

freshwater

invertebrates Most sensitive

freshwater

invertebrate acute

EC 50 TGAI

(98.6) Water flea

( Daphnia magna ) 48

- hr EC 50 > 100 mg ai /L (mm)

48

- hr NOEC = 100 mg ai /L (mm)

(no effects)

Practically non

- toxic MRID 47421001

Acceptable

1 part

TGAI

(96.2):

12 parts

surfactant Water flea

( Daphnia magna ) 48

- hr EC 50 (95% C.I.) = 29.8 (23.8

- 42.2) mg

ai /L (mm)

Probit slope (95% C.I.) = 2.9 (1.7

- 4.2)

48

- hr NOEC = 8.5 mg ai /L (mm)

( NOEC based on mortality)

Slightly toxic MRID 41063556

Acceptable

Most sensitive

freshwater

invertebrate chronic

NOEC TGAI

(96.6) Water flea

( Daphnia magna ) 21

- day NOEC = 110 mg ai /L (mm)

21

- day LOEC > 110 mg ai /L (mm)

( no effects) MRID 44129202

Acceptable

### 38 Assessment

Endpoint Measurement

Endpoint TGAI

(%) Species Toxicity Values 1,2 , Effects, & Classification Source &

Classification

Survival , growth,

and reproduction of

estuarine/marine

invertebrates Most sensitive

estuarine/marine fish

acute EC 50 or LC 50 TGAI

(96.5) Mysid shrimp

( Mysidopsis bahia ) 96

- hr LC 50 (96%C.I.) = 69.4 (50.4

- 118.7) mg

ai /L (mm)

Probit slope (95% C.I.) = 3.2 (1.5

- 4.9)

96

- hr NOEC = 21.8 mg ai /L (mm)

( NOEC based on mortality)

Slightly toxic MRID 41063553

Acceptable

TGAI

(96.5) Blue crab

( Callinectes sapidus ) 96

- hr LC 50 > 94.4 mg ai /L (mm)

96

- hr NOEC = 94.4 mg ai /L (mm)

(no effects)

At most slightly toxic MRID 41063551

Supplemental

(due to lack of

guideline for selected

test species)

TGAI

(96.5) Quahog clam

( Mercenaria

mercenaria ) Embryo larvae

48

- hr EC 50 > 96.1 mg ai /L (mm)

48

- hr NOEC = 96.1 mg ai /L (mm)

(26% reduction in number to develop

normally at 96.1 mg ai /L)

At most slightly toxic MRID 41063552

Acceptable

Survival, growth

and reproduction of

aquatic plants Aquatic n on

- vascular

species: Most

sensitive EC 50 TGAI

(96.5) Marine diatom

( Skeletonema costatum )

Freshwater diatom

( Navicula pelliculosa )

Green alga

( Selenastrum

capricornutum )

Blue

- green alga

( Anabaena flos

- aqua ) For all species:

Tier II test

7

- day EC 50 > 500 μg ai /L (nom)

7

- day NOEC = 500 μg ai /L (nom)

(no effects) MRID 41063574

Acceptable

Aquatic v ascular

species: Most

sensitive EC 50 TGAI

(96.5) Duckweed

( Lemna gibba G3) Tier II test

14

- dayEC 50 > 500 μg ai /L (nom)

14

- day NOEC = 500 μg ai /L (nom)

(no effects) MRID 41063574

Acceptable

TGAI

(80.7) Coontail

( Ceratophyllum

demersum) 21

- day NOEC = 8.07 μg ai /L (nom)

21

- day LOEC = 400 μg ai /L (nom)

(NOEC based on reduction in relative growth

rate) E112909 (ECOTOX)

Qualitative

Form = formulation ; C.I. = confidence interval

1 BOLD values used in RQ calculations

2 mm = mean

- measured; nom = nominal

### 39 5.2.3 Freshwater I nvertebrates

Based on studies with daphnids, quinclorac is practically non

- toxic to slightly toxic to freshwater

invertebrates. In the acute study with 1 part TGAI to 12 parts surfactant (MRID 4 1063556), the

NOEC of 8.5 mg ai /L is based on lack of mortality. The EC 50 

### of 29.8 mg ai /L for this study was

not used in RQ calculations because it is inconsistent with the NOEC of 110 mg ai /L from the

chronic daphnid study (MRID 44129202) . As a result, an acute daphnid study with TGAI was

requested via DCI and subsequently submitted by the registrant

. This study (MRID 47421001)

yielded an EC 50 

### of > 100 mg ai /L (only 1 immobile daphnid was reported in the second highest

test concentration, 50.5 mg ai /L) which is consistent with the chronic NOEC.

In the chronic study with daphnids (MRID 44129202), several males were observed in the

control and all treatment groups, but no treatment

- related effects were observed

, resulting in a

NOEC of 110 mg ai /L.

5.2.4 Estuarine/Marine I nvertebrates

Based on studies with mysid shrimp, blue crab, and quahog clam, quinclorac is slightly toxic to

estuarine/marine i nvertebrates on an acute basis. In the acute study with mysid shrimp (MRID

41063553), the NOEC of 21.8 mg ai / L i s based lack of mortality; n o sublethal effects were

reported. In the acute study with blue crabs (MRID 41063551), no mortality or adverse effects

were reported for organisms at the only concentration tested, 94.4 mg ai /L. In the acute study

with embr yo larvae of quahog clam (MRID 41063552), there was a 26% reduction in the number

of embryo larvae to develop normally at the only concentration tested, 96.1 mg ai /L, when

compared to the control.

5.2.5 Aquatic P lants

All of the registrant

- submitted studies with a quatic plants yielded the same EC 50 

### and NOEC

values: > 500 μg ai /L and 500 μg ai /L, respectively (MRID 41063574).

An ECOTOX open literature study ( E 112909) evaluated the effect of quinclorac on the 21

- day

relative growth rate of the submerg ed macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) at

nominal concentrations of 4, 8.07

, 400 , and 807 μ g ai /L after correction for 80.7% purity by the

reviewer (the authors reported nominal concentrations of 5, 10, 500, 100 0 μg/L). The NOEC

and LOEC for the endpoint of relative growth rate were 8

. 0 7 and 4 00 μ g/L, respectively. Plants

in the 400 and 807 μ g/L treatment groups showed statistically

- significant reduct ions in growth

rate of 24 and 43 %, respectively, when compared to the control. Quinclorac concen trations over

the exposure period were not analytically confirmed and may have fluctuated given that

“evaporative loss of water was replenished daily.” This study was classified as qualitative for

use in this assessment due to uncertainty associated with the test concentrations.

5.3 Incident Database R eview

Reviews on August 10, 2012 of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS, version

2.1.1), which is maintained by the Agency’s Office of Pesticide Programs, and the Avian

Monitoring Information Syst em (AIMS), which is maintained by the American Bird

### 40 Conservatory, indicate a total of two reported ecological incidents (in EIIS) associated with the

use of quinclorac ( Table 5

- 4 ) . Both incidents involved plant damage to tomatoes in Arkansas

from drift ex posure as a result of application to rice

. Specifically, tomato growers in Arkansas

complained that

, since the introduction of quinclorac in 1991, aerial applications of the herbicide

(Facet ® 

### ) on rice drift off

- site and damage their tomato crops (DP 250179+; DP 321437).

Ultimately, t hese incidents resulted in tomato growers of Poinsett County, Arkansas, filing a

petition for cancellation of quinclorac (DP 321437, 321438).

In response to complaints by tomato growers, a study by the University of A rkansas was initiated

in 1999 to determine the deposition of quinclorac drift on tomatoes in the rice

- growing region of

northeast Arkansas and to record signs of toxicity in tomato foliage and fruit (DP 262300). The

study reported detectable amounts of qu inclorac in ambient air over tomato fields and chemical

r esidues in tomato plant tissues and documented varying degrees of abnormal growth symptoms

consistent with those known to be caused by quinclorac

. The study stated that it was not possible

to determ ine the specific sources of the airborne quinclorac because on many days when

quinclorac was detected in air samples, there was no reported Facet application within 5 miles of

the experimental site.

Table 5

- 4. Details of Incidents Associated with the Use of Quinclorac

Incident # /

Date Type/Species Use

Site State Magnitude Response Route of

Exposure Certainty Legality

I015496001 Plant/tomato Rice Arkansas Unknown Plant

damage Drift Probable Registered

use

I012132001

1994 Plant/tomato Rice Arkansas Very great Plant

damage Drift,

spray Probable Accidental

misuse



### In addition to the incidents recorded in EIIS and AIMS, additional incidents are reported to the

Agency in aggregated form. Pesticide registrants report certain types of incidents to the Agency

as aggregate counts of incidents occurring per product per quarter. Ecological incidents reported

in aggregate reports include those categorized as ‘minor fish and wildlife’ (W

- B), ‘minor plant’

(P

- B), and ‘other non

- target’ (ONT) incidents. ‘Other non

- t arget’ incidents include reports of

adverse effects to insects and other terrestrial invertebrates. For quinclorac, registrants have

reported no minor fish and wildlife incidents, 481 minor plant incidents, and no other non

- target

incidents as of August 1 0, 2012. The minor plant incidents involved the following quinclorac

end use products: Drive (DF) (Top Pro), Facet, Paramount, Weed B Gon Max Plus Crabgrass

Control, and Spectracide Weed Stop For Lawns Plus Crabgrass Killer.

The total number of actual incidents associated with the use of quinclorac may be higher than

what is reported to the Agency. Incidents may go unreported since effects may not be

immediately apparent and/or readily attributed to the use of a chemical.



## 6 R isk Characterization

6.1 Risk E stimation

Estimates of exposure to and toxicity of quinclorac are integrated using standard risk quotient

(RQ) methods to evaluate the potential for adverse ecological effects to mammalian, avian,

### 41 aquatic, and other non

- target species. RQ results for non

- target terrestrial and aquatic animals

and plants are described in this section and represent expected direct effects to organisms ( i.e

. effects from direct toxicity to quinclorac exposure) in contrast to indirect effects to or ganisms

resulting from a modification of a resource such as loss of their prey or habitat.

6.1.1 Direct E ffects to Terrestrial O rganisms

6.1.1.1 Birds, Reptiles, and Terrestrial

- Phase A mphibians

Avi an chronic, dietary

- based RQs we re calculated for the maximum applicati on rates for each

use of quinclorac using the NOEC from the bobwhite quail reproduction study (500 mg ai /kg

diet; MRID 44129201). No avian acute RQs were calculated because avian acute oral an d sub

acut e dietary toxicity studies for quinclorac have non

- de finitive endpoints ( i.e. , >)

. Risk to birds

from acute exposure is discussed in the Risk Description section of this document.

Avian c hronic, dietary

- based RQs range from 0.01 to 0.72 across all uses, application rates, and

feeding categories ( Appendix F, Table F

- 1 ) . Therefore, the avian chroni c Level of Concern

(LOC) of 1 i s not exceeded for birds of any feeding categories regardless of the use or

application rate

.

6.1.1.2 Mammals

Mammalian acute dose

- based RQs were calculated for the maximum appli cation rates for each

use of quinclorac using the LD 50 

### from a rat acute oral study (2190 mg ai /kg

- bw; MRID

41063506). No mammalian acute dietary

- based RQs were calculated because a mammalian

acute dietary

- based endpoint ( i.e. , LC 50

, 

### mg/kg

- diet) is not available. Mammalian chronic dose

and dietary

- based RQs were calculated for the maximum application rates for each use of

quinclorac using the NOEC from a rat 2

- generation reproduction study ( 160 mg ai /kg

- diet;

MRIDs 41063526 and 41910 001).

Mamma lian acute dose

- based RQs range from <0. 0 1 to 0.07 across all uses, application rates,

and feeding categories ( Appendix F, Table F

- 2 ). No mammalian acute LOCs (≥ 0.1) a re

exceeded for m ammals of any feeding category regardless of the use or application rate.

Mammalian chronic do se

- and dietary

- based RQs range from <0. 0 1 to 0.98 and <0. 0 1 to 0.11,

respectively, across all uses, application rates, and feeding categories ( Appendix F , Table s F

- 2

and F

- 3 ). Therefore, the mamm alian chronic LOC of 1 i s not exceeded for m ammals of any

feeding category regardless of the use or application rate.

6.1.1.3 Terrestrial I nvertebrates

RQs for terrestrial invertebrates were not calculated because only non

- definitive toxicity

endpoints ( i .e. , >) are available for honeybees. Risk to terrestrial invertebrates is dis cussed in the

Risk Description s ection of this document.

6.1.1.4 Terres trial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) P lants

RQs for terrestrial plants were calculated for the maximum application rate and application

method (ground, aerial) for each use using the NOEC and EC 25 

### from seedling emergence and

### 42 vegetative vigor studies (MRIDs 41403501 and 41403503 , resp ectively ) for the most sensitive

mo nocot ( onion for SE : EC 25 

### /NOEC = 0.13 /0.125 lb ai /A; corn for VV : EC 25 

### /NOEC = 1.095/0.5

lb ai /A) and dicot (carrot for SE: EC 25 

### /NOEC = 0.0032/0.0025 lb ai /A; corn for VV:

EC 25 

### /NOEC = 0.007/0.005 lb ai /A)

.

RQs for terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic) plants are provided in Table 6

- 1

. For monocots

and dicots inhabiting dry (upland) areas, RQs from total loading ( i.e ., exposure from runoff +

spray drift) rang e from <0.1 to 0.36 and 2.3 to 18, respectively. For monocots and dicots

inhabiting semi

- aquatic area s, RQs from total loading range from 0.40 to 2.42 and 16 to 126,

respectively. RQs from spray drift only range from <0.1 to 0.12 for monocots and 0.77 to 6 for

dicots. T he terrestrial plant LOC of 1 i s exceeded for listed and non

- listed dicots inhabiting dry

and semi

- aqu atic habitats from exposure to runoff and spray drift (total loading) for all use

scenarios. The terrestrial plant LOC of 1 i s exceeded for listed and non

- listed dicots from

exposure to spray drift alone for all uses and application methods except low growing berry

subgroup 13

- 07H via ground application and sorghum and wheat via ground application . In

addition, the RQ for applicatio n to low growing berries equals the terrestrial plant LOC for listed

monocots from exposure to spray drift alone

. The terrestrial plant LOC of 1 i s exceeded for

listed and non

- listed monocots inhabiting semi

- aquatic are a s from exposure to runoff and spray

drift (total loading) for all uses with application r ates ≥ 0.75 lb ai /A regardless of application

method

. In addition, the RQ for aerial application to rice at 0.5 lb ai /A equals the LOC for listed

monocots inhabiti ng semi

- aquatic areas. There a re no terrestrial plant LOC exceedances for

monocots from ex p osure via spray drift alone.

Table 6

- 1 . Terrestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) Plant Risk Quotients (RQs)

Maximum Application Rate; Application Method

Use Plant Type Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

Aquatic

Areas Spray

Drift

1.5 lb ai /A; ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows Non

- listed monocot 0.35 2.42 ^ 0.12

Listed monocot 0.36 2.52 ^ 0.12

Non

- listed dicot 14.06 ^ 98.44 ^ 4.69 ^

Listed dicot 18.00 ^ 126.00 ^ 6.00 ^

1.4 lb ai /A; ground

Turf grasses* Non

- listed monocot 0.32 2.26 ^ 0.11

Listed monocot 0.34 2.35 ^ 0.11

Non

- listed dicot 13.13 ^ 91.88 ^ 4.38 ^

Listed dicot 16.80 ^ 117.60 ^ 5.60 ^

0.76 lb ai/A; ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows

Turf grasses* Non

- listed monocot 0.18 1.23^ <0.1

Listed monocot 0.18 1.28^ <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 7.13^ 49.88^ 2.38^

Listed dicot 9.12^ 63.84^ 3.04^

### 43 Maximum Application Rate; Application Method

Use Plant Type Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

Aquatic

Areas Spray

Drift

0.75 lb ai /A; aerial

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation

reserve

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way Non

- listed monocot 0.40 1.44^ 0.29

Listed monocot 0.42 1.50^ 0.30

Non

- listed dicot 16.41^ 58.59^ 11.72^

Listed dicot 21.00^ 75.00^ 15.00^

0.75 lb ai /A; ground

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation

reserve

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way Non

- listed monocot 0.17 1.21^ <0.1

Listed monocot 0.18 1.26^ <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 7.03^ 49.22^ 2.34^

Listed dicot 9.00^ 63.00^ 3.00^

0.5 lb ai /A; aerial

Rice Non

- listed monocot 0.27 0.96 0.19

Listed monocot 0.28 1.00 ^ 0.20

Non

- listed dicot 10.94^ 39.06 ^ 7.81 ^

Listed dicot 14.00^ 50.00 ^ 10.00 ^

0.5 lb ai /A; ground

Rice Non

- listed monocot 0.12 0.81 <0.1

Listed monocot 0.12 0.84 <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 4.69^ 32.81 ^ 1.56 ^

Listed dicot 6.00^ 42.00 ^ 2.00 ^

0.375 lb ai /A; aerial

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/ soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum

Wheat** Non

- listed monocot 0.20 0.72 0.14

Listed monocot 0.21 0.75 0.15

Non

- listed dicot 8.20^ 29.30^ 5.86^

Listed dicot 10.50^ 37.50^ 7.50^

0.375 lb ai /A; ground

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Rhubarb

Sorghum

Wheat** Non

- listed monocot <0.1 0.61 <0.1

Listed monocot <0.1 0.63 <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 3.52^ 24.61^ 1.17^

Listed dicot 4.50^ 31.50^ 1.50^

0.25 lb ai /A; ground

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup

13

- 07H Non

- listed monocot <0.1 0.40 <0.1

Listed monocot <0.1 0.42 <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 2.34^ 16.41^ 0.78

Listed dicot 3.00^ 21.00^ 1.00^

0.245 lb ai /A; aerial

Sorghum

Wheat Non

- listed monocot 0.13 0.47 <0.1

Listed monocot 0.14 0.49 <0.1

Non

- listed dicot 5.36^ 19.14^ 3.83^

Listed dicot 6.86^ 24.50^ 4.90^

0.245 lb ai /A; ground Non

- listed monocot <0.1 0.40 <0.1

Listed monocot <0.1 0.41 <0.1

### 44 Maximum Application Rate; Application Method

Use Plant Type Dry

(Upland)

Areas Semi

Aquatic

Areas Spray

Drift

Sorghum

Wheat Non

- listed dicot 2.30^ 16.08^ 0.77

Listed dicot 2.94^ 20.58^ 0.98

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

^ RQ ≥ LOC (=1)



### 6.1.2 Direct Effects to Aquatic O rganisms

6.1.2.1 Fish and Aquatic

- Phase A mphibians

Freshwater fish acute and chronic RQs were calculated for the maximum application rates for

each use of quinclorac using the LC 50 

### from the acute toxicity study with bluegill sunfish (30.0

mg ai /L; MRID 41063555) and NOEC from the early life

- stage study with fathead minnow (16

mg ai /L; MRID 44084502) , respectively . No acute RQs were calculated for e stuarine/marine

fish because the acute study with sheepshead minnow has a non

- definitive toxicity endpoint

(LC 50 

### > 94 .4 mg ai /L; MRID 41063549). No chronic RQs were calculated for estuarine/marine

fish because there is no available chronic toxicity endpoint, and application of an acute to

chronic ratio from data for freshwater fish to existing acute toxicity data for es tuarine/marine fish

is not possible ( i.e. , freshwater fish acute and chronic endpoints are for different species).

Freshwater fish acute RQs a re all ≤ 0.02 ( Appendix F, Table F

- 4 ), a nd freshwater fish chronic

RQs a re all ≤ 0.03. Therefore, n o aquatic an imal acute LOCs (≥ 0.05) or the aquatic animal

chronic LOC of 1 a re exceeded for freshwater fish

. Risk to estuarine/marine fish from exposure

to quinclorac is dis cussed in the Risk Description s ection of this document.

6.1.2.2 Aquatic I nvertebrates

No acute RQs were calculated for freshwater invertebrates because the acute study with daphnids

has a non

- definitive toxicity endpoint (EC 50 

### > 100 mg ai /L; MRID 47421001). Freshwater

invertebrate chronic RQs were calculated for the maximum application rates for each u se of

quinclorac using the NOEC from a chronic toxicity study with daphnids (110 mg ai /L; MRID

44129202). Estuarine/marine invertebrate acute RQs were calculated for the maximum

application rates for each use of quinclorac using the LC 50 

### from the acute to xicity study with

mysid shrimp (69.4 mg ai /L; MRID 41063553). No chronic RQs were calculated for

estuarine/marine invertebrates because there is no available chronic toxicity endpoint, and

application of an acute to chronic ratio from data for freshwater invertebrates to existing acute

toxicity data for estuarine/marine invertebrates is not possible ( i.e.

, freshwater invertebrate acute

toxicity endpoint is non

- definitive ).

Freshw ater invertebrate chronic RQs a re all ≤ 0.02, and estuarine/ marine invertebrate acute RQs

a re all ≤ 0.01 ( Appendix F, Table F

- 5 ). Therefore, no aquatic animal acute LOCs (≥ 0.05) or

the aquatic animal chronic LOC of 1 a re exceeded for chronic exposure to freshwater

invertebrates or acute exposure to estuarine/marine inve rtebrates. Risk s to freshwater and

estuarine/marine fish from acute and chronic exposure to quinclorac, respectively, are discussed

in t he Risk Description s ection of this document.

### 45 6.1.2.3 Aquatic P lants

RQs for listed vascular and non

- vascular aquatic plants w ere calculated f or the maximum

application rate for each use of quinclorac using the NOECs from toxicity studies with duckweed

(500 μg ai /L; MRID 41063574) and 4 algal species (500 μg ai /L; MR ID 41063574),

respectively. RQs for non

- listed vascular and non

- vascular aquatic plants were not calculated

because the EC 50 

### endpoints are non

- definitive ( > 500 μg ai /L; MRID 41063574).

RQs for listed non

- vascula r and vascular aquatic plants r ange from 0.14 to 0.43 for all uses

except for use on r ice ( Appendix F

- 6, Table F

- 6 ) . The RQ for u se of quinclor ac on rice (RQ =

1.02) exceeds the aquatic plant LOC of 1

. Risk to non

- listed aquatic plants from exposure to

quinclorac is dis cussed in the Risk Description s ection of this document.

6.1.3 Probit Slope Dose

- Response Analysis of LOC and Acute RQ V alues

As part of risk estimation, t he Agency provides additional information on the potential for acute

direct effects to exposed individuals in terms of the chance of an individual event ( i.e. , mortality

or immobilization) should exposure at the EEC actually occur for a species with sensitivity to

quinclorac on par with the acute toxicity endpoint selected for RQ calculation. This is

accomplished using the slope of the dose

- response relationship available from the toxicity study

used to establish the acute toxicity measures of eff ect for each taxonomic group

. The individual

effects probability associated with the acute RQ is based on the mean estimate of the slope and

an assumption of a probit dose

- response relationship. I n addition to a single effects probability

estimate based on the mean, upper and lower estimates of the effects probability are also

provided to account for variance in the slope, if available. Individual effect probabilities are

calculated based on an Ex cel spreadsheet tool IECV1.1 (Individual Effect Chance Model

Version 1.1) developed by U.S. EPA, OPP, Environmental Fate and Effects Division (June 22,

2004). The model provides the option of inserting taxa

- specific probit slopes and confidence

intervals. If specific information is not available, the model uses a default value of 4.5 for the

probit slope and 2 and 9 for the upper and lower 95% confidence interval bounds.

For quinclorac, the avian acute toxicity studies , the estuarine/marine fish acute study, and the

freshwater invertebrate acute study yielded non

- definitive endpoint values ( i.e. , >) so this probit

slope analysis is not applicable

. The mammal acute oral study yielded a probit slope of 3.0 with

a 95% confidence interval of 1.5 to 4.5; t h e acute toxicity study with bluegill sunfish yielded a

probit slope of 4.4 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.8 to 6.0 ; and the acute toxicity study with

mysid shrimp yielded a probit slop of 3.2 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.5 to 4.9.

RQ values for comparison were chosen based on the results of the risk a ssessment. For

freshwater invertebrates and estuarine/marine fish, the LOC of 0.05 (endangered species LOC)

was selected because none of the calculated RQs exceed the LOC. Likewise, the LOC of 0.1

(endangered species LOC) was chosen for mammals because none of the calc ulated RQs exceed

the LOC. Calculated chances of individual effect are provided in Table 6

- 2

.

### 46 Table 6

- 2 . Chance of Effect ( i.e. , Mortality or Immobilization) for an Individual Bird,

Mammal, Fish, or Aquatic invertebrate at Selected Acute Risk Quotient (RQ) Values for

Quinclorac

Taxon LOC Slope 1 95% Confidence

Interval 2 Chance of

Effect

(1 in...) 95% Confidence

Interval

(Chance of Effect)

Mammal 0.1 3.0 1.5

, 4.5 741 15

– 2.94 x10 5

Freshwater fish 0.05 4.4 2.8, 6.0 1.93x10 8 7.42x10 3

– 3.39x10 14

Estuarine/marine invertebrates 0.05 3.2 1.5, 4.9 6.38x10 4 255

– 1.09x10 10

1 default = 4.5

2 default = 2, 9



### 6.2 Risk D escription

The following risk description explains the overall direct effect conclusions regarding potential

ecological risk from the various uses of quinclorac. The risk description take s into consideration

all lines of evidence including: risk estimates ( i.e. , RQ results); information on the chance of

individual effect ( i.e. , mortality or immobilization) for the acute RQ values; comparisons of non

definitive toxicity endpoints ( i.e ., >) to EECs; data from monitoring, field studies, and reported

incidents that may p rovide additional insights into the likelihood of exposure; and other factors

that modify the likelihood of exposure such as timing of application, overlap of area affected and

the degree of effect with the presence/absence of taxa, species sensitivity dis tribution, and

presence/absence of dietary items.

6.2.1 Direct Effects to Birds, Reptiles, and Terrestrial

- Phase A mphibians

Avian acute RQs were not calculated because avian acute oral and subacute

- dietary toxicity

studies for quinclorac have non

- definitive end points ( i.e. , >). Instead, the most sensitive

, non

definitive acute dose

- and dietary

- based toxicity values for birds were compared dir ectly to the

highest avian dose

- and dietary

- based EEC s for each use of quinclorac. A study with mallard

duck yielded t he most sensitive, non

- definitive avian dose

- based toxicity endpoint, LD 50 

### > 1900

mg ai /kg

- bw ( MRID 40320810)

, but reported 20% mortality as well as sublethal effects at the

highest concentration tested. However, the toxicity observed is this study may be due to the use

of ligat ure to prevent regurgitation. Studies with mallard duck and bobwhite quail yielded t he

most sensitive non

- definitive avian dietary

- based endpoint, LC 50 

### > 5000 mg ai /kg

- diet ( MRIDs

40320811 and 403 20812). No effects were noted in t he sub

- acute dietary study with mallard

duck , and a single mortality was reported in the 2500 mg ai /kg

- diet treatment group of the sub

acute dietary study wit h bobwhite quail ; otherwise no effects were noted in the latter study.

Depending on use, t he high est dose

- and dietary

- based EECs range from 103 to 410 mg/kg

- bw

and 90 to 360 mg/kg

- diet, respectively. Since n one of the EECs are greater than the most

sensitive, non

- definitive avian acute toxicity endpoints and there was no or questionable toxicity

obs erved in the avian acute oral and sub

- acute dietary studies, potential risk to birds, reptiles, and

terrestrial

- p hase amphibians from acute exposure to quinclorac for all uses is considered low

.

As noted in Section 2.1 , the 2009 ecological risk assessment for use of quinclorac on pasture and

rangeland identified risk to small birds from acute exposure. This conclusion resulted from the

use of the non

- definitive LC 50 

### of > 1900 mg/kg

- bw as input in the T

- REX model for calculating

### 47 RQs triggering an LOC exceedance

. S ubsequent EFED guidance 17 

### has indicated that RQs

should not be calculat ed using non

- definitive endpoints. Therefore, the present, qualitative

analysis for avian risk from acute exposure is considered sufficient for making the conclusion

that there is a low potential for risk to birds from acute exposure to quinclorac.

The avian chronic LOC (=1) i s not exceeded for birds of any feeding category regardless of the

use or application rate suggesting that risk to birds, reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase amphibians

from chronic exposure to quinclorac for all uses via dietary ingestion is low.

EFED’s Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0) does indicate potential risk to birds from

chronic exposure to quinclorac via consumption of contaminated drinking water ( Appendix B ).

This risk concern cannot be assessed quantitatively at this time. However, it should be noted that

SIP employs several conservative assumptions (see Appendix B ) which add considerable

uncertainty to this risk conclusion.

6.2.2 Direct Effects to M ammals

Mammalian acute LOCs (≥0.1) a re not exceeded for m ammals of any feeding category

regardless of the use or application rate suggesting that risk to mammals from acute exposure to

quinclorac for all uses is low. This conclusion is supported by the probit slope dose

- response

analysis which indicates a 1 in 741 (95% C.I.: 1 in 15 to 1 in 294,000) chance of individual effect

( i.e. , mortality) from acute exposure to quincl orac.

The mammalian chronic LOC (=1) i s not exceeded for mammals of any feeding categories

regardless of the use or application rate suggesting that risk to mammals from chronic exposure

to quinclorac for all uses is low.

6.2.3 Direct Effects to Terrestrial I nvertebrates

Presently, t he Agency does not have a formal methodology for evaluating risk to terrestrial

invertebr ates. However, an interim LOC of 0.05 for listed terrestrial invertebrate s has been used

in litigation assessments. Since the level of direct effects to terrestrial invertebrates necessary to

indirectly affect other taxa that rely on terrestrial invertebrates as a food source or for pollination

services has not been establish ed on a national level , the interim LOC of 0.05 was app lied to

both listed and non

- listed terres trial invertebrates

.

Since o nly non

- definitive toxicity endpoints ( i.e. , >) are available for honeybees, no RQs were

calculated. Instead, the most sensitiv e

, non

- definitive acute contact toxicity endpoint for

hone ybees, LD 50 

### > 181 μg ai /bee ( MRID 41063576), was converted to LD 50 

### > 141 4 mg ai /kg

bw using 0. 128 g as the estimated body weight of one bee (1 8 1 μg ai /bee x 1 bee/ 0.128 g

- bw =

1 414 μg ai /g

- bw = 141 4 mg ai /kg

- bw )

. This converted toxicity value was then compared

directly to dietary

- based EECs for the feeding category of “arthropods” from modeling via T

REX ( Table 4

- 4 )

. The highest arthropod dietary

- based EEC for each use ranges from 35 to 141

mg/kg

- diet. Since the arthropod EECs are 1 to 2 orders of mag nitude less than the most

17 “Guidance for Using Non

- Definitive Endpoints in Evaluating Risks to Listed and Non

- listed Animal Species”

5/10/11

### 48 sensitive, non

- definitive acute contact toxicity endpoint for honeybees, risk to non

- listed

terrestrial invertebrates from acute exposure to quinclorac for all uses is considered to be low.

6.2.4 Direct Effects to T errestrial (Upland and Semi

- Aquatic) P lants

A summary of LOC exceedances for terrestrial plants is provided in Table 6

- 3

. T he terrestrial

plant LOC (=1) i s not exceeded for non

- listed and listed monocots inhabiting dry (upland) areas

exposed via total loading (runoff + spr ay drift) or spray drift alone regardless of use, application

rate, or application method. However, t he terrestrial plant LOC i s exceeded for non

- listed and

listed dicots inhabiting dry or semi

- aquatic areas exposed via total loading for al l uses. Whethe r

or not the terrestrial plant LOC i s exceeded for non

- listed and listed monocots inhabiting semi

aquatic areas exposed via total loading and non

- listed and listed dicots inhabiting dry or semi

aquatic areas via spray drift alone depends on the use and ap pli cation method (aerial, ground)

.

The potential for risk to terrestrial plants indicated by LOC exceedance s is supported by

documented plant incidents involving the use of quinclorac ( Section 5.3 ). In particular,

ecological effects data indicate that t omatoes are especially sensitive to quinclorac with

vegetative vigor EC 25 

### and NOEC endpoints of 0.007 and 0.005 lb ai/A , respectively , and

incidents involving toma toes and associated with the application of quinclorac to rice have been

reported in northeast Arkansas.

Table 6

- 3 . Summary of Terrestrial Plant LOC Exceedances

Plant type Habitat Source of

E xposure 1 Uses with LOC E xceedances

Non

- listed

monocots Upland Total loading None

Non

- listed

monocots Semi

- aquatic Total loading Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/ hedgerows

Turf grasses*

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

A gricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

Airports/landing fields

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Non

- listed

monocots Upland &

semi

- aquatic Spray drift None

Listed monocots Upland Total loading None

Listed monocots Semi

- aquatic Total loading Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/ hedgerows

Turf grasses*

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

Airports/landing fields

Agr icultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Rice (0.5 lb ai /A, aerial only )

Listed monocots Upland &

semi

- aquatic Spray drift None

Non

- listed dicots Upland Total loading All

### 49 Plant type Habitat Source of

E xposure 1 Uses with LOC E xceedances

Non

- listed dicots Semi

- aquatic Total loading All

Non

- listed dicots Upland &

semi

- aquatic Spray drift Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Turf grasses*

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultiv ated

areas/soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rice

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum ( 0.375 lb ai /A, aerial & ground; 0.245 lb ai /A,

aerial only )

Wheat ( 0.245 lb ai /A, aerial only )

Rhubarb

Wheat** ( 0.375 lb ai /A, aerial & ground )

Listed dicots Upland Total loading All

Listed dicots Semi

- aquatic Total loading All

Listed dicots Upland &

semi

- aquatic Spray drift Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Turf grasses*

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rice

Grass forag e/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum (0.375 lb ai /A, aerial & ground; 0.245 lb ai /A,

aerial only)

Wheat (0.245 lb ai /A, aerial only)

Rhubarb

Wheat** (0.375 lb ai /A, aerial & ground)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

-

07H

1 total loading = exposure from runoff + spray drift



### 6.2.4.1 Buffer Distances for Reducing Risk to Non

- Target

Terrestrial Plants Including Non

- Target Crops from Spray

Drift

Using AgDrift, buffer distances were determined for uses with terrestrial plant LOC exceedances

from spray drift alone using the most sensitive dicot EC 25 

### of 0.0032 lb ai/A for non

- listed dicots

and the associated NOEC of 0.0025 for listed dicots ( MRID 41403501 ) 

### . These buffer distances

are provided in Table s 6

- 4 and 6

- 5 . It should be n oted that buffer distances for some aerial

application scenarios exceeded the AgDrift Tier 1 aerial modeling limit of ~1000 feet ( Table 6

-

5 ). Similarly, one study of off

- site drift impacts to tomatoes for aerial applications of quinclorac

### 50 (0.38 lb ai/A) i ndicates that drift effects (foliar injury) may extend up to 1980 fee t from the

field's edge (no MRID, DP 250179).

Table 6

- 4 . Buffer Distances for Uses with LOC Exceedances from Spray Drift Alone :

Ground Application

Maximum Application Rate; Application

Method

Use Distance O ffsite Where Effects Are No Longer E xpected

(ft)

Non

- listed Dicots Listed Dicots

Low Boom High Boom Low Boom High Boom

VF

F F

M/C VF

F F

M/C VF

- F F

M/C VF

F F

M/C

1.5 lb ai /A; ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows 492 262 764 397 620 351 899 505

1.4 lb ai /A; ground

Turf grasses* 459 240 728 371 581 324 860 472

0.76 lb ai /A; ground

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows

Turf grasses* 249 108 476 190 322 151 568 249

0.75 lb ai /A; ground

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated

areas/soils

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation

reserve

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows

Airports/landing fields

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way 246 108 469 187 318 148 564 246

0.5 lb ai /A; ground

Rice 157 62 344 115 207 85 417 154

0.375 lb ai /A; ground

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Rhubarb

Sorghum

Wheat** 115 43 272 79 151 59 331 108

0.25 lb ai /A; ground

Low growing berry (except strawberry)

subgroup 13

- 07H No LOC exceedance 95 36 236 66

VF

- F = ASAE Very Fine to Fine

F

- M/C = ASAE Fine to Medium/Course



### Table 6

- 5

. Buffer Distances for Uses with LOC Exceedances from Spray Drift Alone:

Aerial Application

Maximum Application Rate; Application

Method

Use Distance O ffsite Where Effects Are No Longer E xpected

(ft)

Non

- listed Dicots Listed Dicots

VF

- F F

- M M

- C C

- VC VF

- F F

- M M

- C C

- VC

0.75 lb ai /A; aerial

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/

conservation reserve

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows >1000 >1000 >1000 640 >1000 >1000 >1000 846

### 51 Maximum Application Rate; Application

Method

Use Distance O ffsite Where Effects Are No Longer E xpected

(ft)

Non

- listed Dicots Listed Dicots

VF

- F F

- M M

- C C

- VC VF

- F F

- M M

- C C

- VC

Rangeland/pasture

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

0.5 lb ai /A; aerial

Rice >1000 >1000 >1000 433 >1000 <1000 >1000 554

0.375 lb ai /A; aerial

Agricultural and non

- agricultural

uncultivated areas/ soils

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/

hedgerows

Grass forage/fodder/hay

Grasses grown for seed

Sorghum

Wheat ** >1000 >1000 528 322 >1000 >1000 732 413

0.245 lb ai /A; aerial

Sorghum

Wheat >1000 823 341 223 >1000 >1000 433 272

VF

- F = ASAE Very Fine to Fine

F

- M = ASAE Fine to Medium (default)

M

- C = ASAE Medium to Course

C

- VC = ASAE Course to Very Course



### 6.2.4.2 Irrigation Impacts to Non

- Target Crops

Quinclorac contaminated groundwater poses a potential risk to non

- target plants if used for

irrigation. However, the standard exposure scenarios for terrestrial plants ( i.e. , spray drift and

total loading = spray drift + surface runo ff) do not consider this risk.

Exposure estimates for groundwater indicate that effects to sensitive plant species are possible

with realistic irrigation rates ( Table 6

- 6; Appendix G ). In this example, the minimum

irrigation rate ( i.e. , inches applied per acre) needed to trigger an LOC exceedance was calculated

for the maximum application rate for each use using ground water concentrations as determined

in the Registration Review drinking water assessment for quinclorac (DP 405093). Th e

calculations were made using the EC 25 

### from seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies

(MRIDs 41403501 and 41403503, respectively) for the most sensitive monocot (onion for SE:

EC 25 

### = 0.13 lb ai/A; corn for VV: EC 25 

### = 1.095 lb ai/A) and dicot (carrot for SE: EC 25 

### = 0.0032

lb ai/A; corn for VV: EC 25 

### = 0.007 lb ai/A). For this exposure scenario, the minimum irrigation

rates needed for LOC exceedance for monocots range from 20 to 485 inches/A, whereas those

for dicots range from 0. 4 9 to 3.10 inches/A.

It is important to note that this exposure scenario is presented only for characterization purposes

and does not represent all situations. First, it is based on the most sensitive plant species for

which data are available. Second, groundwater concentrat ions are based on SCIGROW

estimates which represent highly vulnerable sites characterized by permeable soil overlying

shallow groundwater; thus less vulnerable sites may have lower quinclorac concentrations. On

the other hand, the estimates only represent quinclorac applications for a single year.

Groundwater subject to multiple years of quinclorac inputs may have even higher concentrations

### 52 given that quinclorac is persistent. The example presented in Table 6

- 6 indicates that there is

potential for effect s on non

- target crops in at least some situations; however, the risk could be

higher or lower depending on the combination of irrigation rate, plant sensitivity, site

vulnerability to leaching, and use history of quinclorac in the charging area of the aqui fer.

Table 6

- 6. Minimum Irrigation Rates Needed for Terrestrial Plant LOC Exceedance

Use Application Rate Estimated

Drinking

Water

Concentrations

from Ground

Water Sources

(μg/L) 1 ,2 Minimum Irrigation Rate Needed for

Terrestrial Plant LOC Exceedance

(inches/A) 3

Seedling

Emergence Vegetative

Vigor

Monocot Dicot Monocot Dicot

Turf grasses 1.4 lb ai/A x 1 27 21 0.52 180 1.15

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 29 20 0.49 167 1.07

Sorghum 0.375 lb ai/A x 2 &

0.245 lb ai/A x 3 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Wheat 0.245 lb ai/A x 3 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Rangeland/p asture 0.75 lb ai/A x 1 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Rights

- of

- way/f encerow/

h edgerows 1.5 lb ai/A x 1 29 20 0.49 167 1.07

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 29 20 0.49 167 1.07

Grass grown for seed 0.375 lb ai/A x 2 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Fallow land 0.75 lb ai/A x 1 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Grass forage /fodder /h ay 0.375 lb ai/A x 2 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Low growing berry (except

cranberry and strawberry) 0.25 lb ai/A x 2 10 58 1.42 485 3.10

Rhubarb 0.375 lb ai/A x 2 14 41 1.01 346 2.21

Rice 4

-- -- -- -- -- -- Cranberry 4

-- -- -- -- -- -- Aquatic Weeds 4

-- -- -- -- -- --

1 from Registrant Review drinking water assessment for quinclorac ( DP 405093)

2 Acute and chronic values are the same.

3 Calculated using the EC 25 seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies (MRIDs 41403501 and 41403503,

respectively) for the most sensitive monocot ( onion for SE: EC 25 = 0.13 lb ai/A; corn for VV: EC 25 = 1.095 lb ai/A)

and dicot (carrot for SE: EC 25 = 0.0032 lb ai/A; corn for VV: EC 25 = 0.007 lb ai/A ).

4 Groundwater concentrations are not estimated for aquatic uses.



### 6.2.4.3 Potential for Compost Carryover

The high mobility and persistence of quinclorac in terrestrial environments suggests that residues

of quinclorac could persist in comp onents of compost ( e.g. , turf clippings) that have been treated

with this systemic herbicide and thus provide a complete exposure pathway to non

- target plants

via compost. Toxicity data indicate that both the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor

growth phases of dicots could be especially sensitive to exposure to quinclorac by this route,

with the seedling emergence phase being slightly more sensitive. However, there is uncertainty

as to whether concentrations of quinclorac in compost could reach a level that adversely affec ts

non

- target plants. Although no incidents involving quinclorac residues in compost have been

documented, there are reported incidents in EIIS involving residues of aminopyralid and

clopyralid, two picolinic acids, in composted hay and/or manure. Like q uinclorac, picolinic

acids are high ly mobile and quite persistent. It should be noted that some of the registered labels

### 53 for quinclorac include language regarding compost ( e.g.

, Do not use clippings as mulch or

compost around flowers, ornamentals, trees, or in vegetable gardens), but many do not.

6.2.5 Direct Effects to Fish and Aquatic

- Phase A mphibians

Aquatic animal a cute LOCs (≥0.05) a re not exceeded for freshwater fish regardless of the use or

application rate suggesting that risk to freshw ater fish and a quatic

- phase amphibians from acute

exposure to quinclorac for all uses is low. This conclusion is supported by the probit slope dose

response analysis which indicates a 1 in 1.93 x 10 8 

### (95% C.I.: 1 in 7,420 to 1 in 3.39 x 10 14 

### )

chance of individual effect ( i.e. , mortality) from acute exposure to quinclorac.

Estuarine/marine fish acute RQs were not calculated because of the lack of an acute toxicity

study with a definitive endpoint. Instead, the available non

- definitive acute toxicity endpoint for

sheepsh ead minnow, LC 50 

### > 94.4 mg ai /L = 94,000 μg ai /L (MRID 41063549)

, was compared

directly to the hi ghest peak aquatic EEC for each use of quinclorac

. Depending on use, t he

highes t peak aquatic EEC ranges from 13.5 to 511 μg ai /L. Thus, the non

- definitive

estuarine/marine fish acute toxicity endpoint is 2 to 3 times greater than the range of highest peak

aquatic EECs . In addition, no mortality or sublethal effects were reported in the sheepshead

minnow study suggesting that risk to estuarine/marine fish from acute exposure to quinclorac for

all uses is low.

T he aquatic animal chronic LOC (=1) i s not exceeded for freshwater fish regardless of the use or

application rate suggesting that risk to freshwater fish and aquatic

- phase amp hibians from

chronic exposure to quinclorac for all uses is low.

Estuarine/marine fish chronic RQs were not calculated becaus e of the lack of a chronic toxicity

endpoint. Based on a comparison of acute toxicity endpoints between freshwater and

estuarine /marine fish, there is no indication that estuarine/marine fish are more sensitive to

quinclorac than freshwater fish suggesting that risk to estuarine/marine fish from chronic

exposure to quinclorac for all uses is also low.

6.2.6 Direct Effects to Aquatic I n vertebrates

Freshwater invertebrate acute RQs were not calculated because of the lack of an acute toxicity

study with a definitive endpoint. Instead, the available non

- definitive acute toxicity endpoint for

daphnids, LC 50 

### > 100 mg ai /L = 100,000 μg ai /L (MRID 47421001 ), was compared directly to

the highest peak aquatic EEC for each use of quinclorac

. Depending on use, t he highes t peak

aquatic EEC ranges from 13.5 to 511 μg ai /L. Thus, the non

- definitive freshwater invertebrate

acute toxicity endpoint i s 2 to 3 times greater than the range of highest peak aquatic EECs . In

addition, no treatment

- related immobility was reported in the daphnid study suggesting that risk

to freshwater invertebrates from acute exposure to quinclorac for all uses is low.

T he aquatic animal chronic LOC (=1) i s not exceeded for freshwater invertebrates regardless of

the use or application rate suggesting that risk to freshwater invertebrates from chronic exposure

to quinclorac for all uses is low.

### 54 Aquatic animal a cute LOCs (≥0.05) a re not exceeded for estuarine/marine invertebrates

regardless of the use or application rat e suggesting that risk to estuarine/marine invertebrates

from acute exposure to quinclorac for all uses is low. This conclusion is supported by the probit

slope dose

- response analysis which indicates a 1 in 63,800 (95% C.I.: 1 in 255 to 1 in 1.09 x

10 10 

### ) chance of individual effect ( i.e. , mortality) from acute exposure to quinclorac.

Estuarine/marine invertebrate chronic RQs were not calculated because of the lack of a chronic

toxicity endpoint. Based on a comparison of acute toxicity endpoints between freshwater and

estuarine/marine invertebrates , there is no indic ation that estuarine/marine invertebrates are

sub stantially more sensitive to quinclorac than freshwater invertebrates suggesting that risk to

estuarine/marine invertebrates from chronic exposure to quinclorac for all uses is low.

6.2.7 Direct Effects to Aquatic P lants

The aquatic plant LOC (=1) for listed aq uatic p lants i s only exceeded for use of quinc lorac on

rice suggesting that, with the exception of use on rice, the potential for risk to aquatic plants from

exposure to quinclorac is low

.

Risk to listed aquatic plants from use on rice cannot be excluded given the LOC exceedance.

R esults of an open literature study (E112909) with the submerged vascular plant coontail

( Ceratophyllum demersum ) showed a significant reduction in relative growth rate at a

concentration ( i.e. , 400 μg ai/L) that is lower than the NOEC generated by the registrant

submitted study with duckweed ( i.e. , 500 μg ai/L) suggesting that some aquatic vascular plants

may be more sensitive to quinclorac than duckweed. However, the results of this study must be

interprete d with caution because the test concentrations may underestimate exposure

concentrations due to the stability of quinclorac and reported evaporative loss of water.

It is worth noting that the registrant reques ted an EUP (which expired in 2011 ) to investi gate

control of aquatic vascular weeds (submerged and emergent) using quinclorac at a water

concentration of 500 μg/L ( DP 334717 ; May 17, 2007 ) which is the same concentration at which

no effects were observed in the available aquatic plant studies. The r esults of the EUP are

unknown to EFED and the implication for risk to listed aquatic vascular plants is unknown.

RQs were not calculated for non

- listed aquatic plants because of the lack of s tudies with

definitive EC 50 

### endpoints

. However, the EC 50 

### for non

- vascular and vascular plants must be

greater than the NOEC of 500 μg ai/L. Since the LOC exceedance using the NOEC was

marginal , risk to non

- listed aquatic plants from exposure to quinclorac for all uses is most likely

low.

6.3 Summary of Direct E ffects

A summary of the direct effects of quinclorac to terr estrial and aquatic organism is provided in

Table 6

- 7

.

### 55 Table 6

- 7 . Summary of Direct Effects

Taxon Risk Concern for Direct

Effects? Basis for Conclusion

Non

- listed Listed

Birds , reptiles, and

terrestrial

- phase

amphibians No No • A comparison of the highest avian dose

- and dietary

based EECs and the most sensitive non

- definitive avian

acute dose

- and dietary

- based toxicity endpoints,

respectively, indicates that the EECs for a ll uses are lower

than the associated non

- definitive toxicity values.

• No or questionable toxicity was observed in the avian

acute oral and sub

- acute dietary studies.

• The avian chronic LOC i s not exceeded for birds of any

feeding category for all uses.

Mammals No No • Mam malian acute and chronic LOCs a re not exceeded for

mammals of any feeding category for all uses.

• The probit slope dose

- response analysis indicates a 1 in

741 (95% C.I.: 1 in 15 to 1 in 2.94 x 10 5 ) chance of

individual effect ( i.e. , mortali ty) from acute exposure.

Terrestrial

invertebrates No No • A comparison of the highest arthropod dietary

- based

EECs and the most sensitive, non

- definitive acute contact

toxicity endpoint for honeybees indicates that arthropod

EECs for all uses are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less than

the non

- definit ive toxicity value

.

Terrestrial (upland and

semi

- aquatic) plants Yes,

depending

on use 1 Yes,

depending

on use 1 • The terrestrial plant LOC i s exceeded for most uses.

• There are documented plant incidenc es involving the use

of quinclorac.

Freshwater fish and

aquatic

- phase

amphibians No No • Aquatic animal acute and chronic LOCs a re not exceeded

for freshwater fish regardless of the use or application

rate.

• The probit slope dose

- response analysis which indicates a

1 in 1.93x10 8 (95% C.I.: 1 in 7,420 to 1 in 3.39 x 10 14 )

chance of individual effect ( i.e. , mortality) from acute

exposure.

Estuarine/marine fish No No • A comparison of the highest peak aquatic EECs and the

available non

- definitive acute toxicity endpoint for

estuarine/marine fish indicates that the peak aquatic EECs

for all uses are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the

non

- definitive toxicity value.

• No mortality or sublethal effects were observed in the

sheepshead minnow acute toxicit y study.

• A comparison of acute toxicity endpoints between

freshwater and estuarine/marine fish indicates that

estuarine/marine fish are no more sensitive to quinclorac

than freshwater fish suggesting that the potential for risk

to estuarine/marine fish fro m chronic exposure is low

.

Freshwater

invertebrates No No • A comparison of the highest peak aquatic EECs and the

available non

- definitive acute toxicity endpoint for

freshwater invertebrates indicates that the peak aquatic

EECs for all uses are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than

the non

- definitive toxicity value.

• N o treatment

- related immobility was reported in the

daphnid acute toxicity study.

• T he aquatic animal chronic LOC i s not exceeded for

freshwater invertebrates for all uses.

### 56 Taxon Risk Concern for Direct

Effects? Basis for Conclusion

Non

- listed Listed

Estuarine/marine

invertebrates No No • The aquatic animal acute LOC i s not exceeded for

estuarine/marine invertebrates for all uses.

• The probit slope dose

- response analysis which indicates a

1 in 63,800 (95% C.I.: 1 in 255 to 1 in 1.09 x 10 10 ) chance

of individual effect ( i.e. , mortality) from acute exposure.

• A comparison of acute toxicity endpoints between

freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates indicates

that estuarine/marine invertebrates are not substantially

more sensitive to quinclorac than freshwater fish

suggesting that the potential for risk to estuarine/marine

invertebrates from chronic exposure is low

.

Aquatic vascular

plants No Yes,

for use on

rice • The aquatic plant LOC for listed plants is exceeded for

use on rice.

Aquatic non

- vascular

plants No N/A • The aquatic plant LOC for non

- listed plants is not

exceeded.

• There are no listed aquatic non

- vascular plants.

N/A = not applicable because there are no listed aquatic non

- vascular plants

1 See Table 6

- 3 for summary of uses with terrestrial plant LOC exceedances



### 6.4 Indirect Effects

Direct effects to non

- liste d and listed terrestrial plants could result in indirect effects to terrestrial

organisms including birds, mammals, and terrestri al invertebrates due to general habitat

modification (most likely due to effects on non

- listed plants) , host plant loss, and / or food supply

disruption. Direct effects to non

- listed and listed terrestrial plants could result in indirect to

aquatic organism s due to changes in water quality and/or habitat.

Indirect effects to aquatic organisms as a result of direct effects to listed aquatic vascular plants

(from use on rice) are expected only if a species has an obligate/dependant relationship with a

listed aquatic vascular plant

.

6.5 Listed Species Effects Analysis

This section provides the direct and indirect effects analysis for listed species.

6.5.1 Action Area

In the case of a nation

- wide r isk assessment conducted under Registration R eview, the action

area wil l encompass the entire U.S. and its territories. The purpose of defining the action area as

the entire U.S. and its territories is to ensure that the initial area of consideration encompasses all

areas where the pesticide may be used now and in the future , including the potential for off

- site

transport via spray drift and downstream dilution. Additionally, the concept of a nation

- wide

action area takes into account the potential for direct and indirect effects and any potential

modification to critical ha bitat based on ecological effect measures associated with reduction in

survival, growth, and reproduction, as well as the full suite of sub

- lethal effects available in the

effects literature.

### 57 It is important to note that the nationwide action area does n ot imply that direct and/or indirect

effects and critical habitat modification are expected to or are likely to occur over the full extent

of the action area, but rather to identify all listed species and critical habitat that may potentially

be affected b y the action. The Agenc y will use more rigorous analyse s including consideration

of available land cover data, toxicity data, and exposure information to determine areas where

individual listed species and designated critical habitat may be affected or mo dified via

endpoints associated with reduced survival, growth, or reproduction.

6.5.2 Effects Determination s

Table 6

- 8 presents effects determinations for general ta xa of listed species. Based on this

screening

- level assessment, there are potential risks of di rect effects to listed aquatic vascular

plants ( rice only) and monocots and dicots . Listed species of all taxa may also be affected

through indirect effects because of the potential for direct effects on listed and non

- listed species

of monocots and dicot s

. Potential direct effects to listed aquatic vascular plants ( ri ce only) and

monocots and dicots from the use of quinclorac may be associated with modification of primary

constituent elements of designated critical habitats, where such designations have been made.

However, making effects determinations for individual listed species at this stage of the

Registration Review pro cess is premature. To make effects determinations for individual

species, useful refi nements may include analyses of:

• more detailed, species

- specific eco logical and biological data;

• more detailed and accurate information on quin clorac use patterns; and

• sub

- county level spatial proximity data for the co

- occurrence of potential effects areas

and listed species and any designated critical habitat.

Table 6

- 8. Preliminary Effects Determinations for Listed Taxa for Uses of Quinclorac

Listed Taxon Effects Determination a Basis for Determination a

Birds , reptiles, and terrestrial

- phase

amphibians May Affect • Indirect effects due to direct effects to

terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic) plants

resulting in habitat modification, host plant

loss, and/or food supply disruption Mammals May Affect

Terrestrial invertebrates May Affect

T errestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic )

plants

– monocots and dicots May Affect • Direct effects

Freshwater fish and aquatic

- phase

amphibians May Affect • Indirect effects due to direct effects to

terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic) plants

resulting in changes in water quality and/or

habitat Estuarine/marine fish May Affect

Freshwater invertebrates May Affect

Estuarine/marine invertebrates May Affect

Aquatic vascular plants May Affect • Direct effects (rice only)

• Indirect effects due to direct effects to

terrestrial (upland and semi

- aquatic) plants

resulting in changes in water quality

Aquatic non

- vascular plants Not applicable because there are no listed aquatic non

- vascular plants

a Although this preliminary assessment has, on a coarse biologi cal geographical data set basis identified potential

concerns for effects on individuals of a listed species within the taxonomic group (see Appendix H ) , it is poss ible

that additional information and further analysis will lead to species

- specific determinations of no effect; may effect,

not likely to adversely affect; or may effect, likely to adversely affect. Sections of this document describing

additional informa tion sources, coupled with considerations of uncertainties, are likely to figure prominently in

species

- specific determinations.

### 58 b see Table 6

- 7 for additional details



### EFED is currently developing tools that are expected to further refine the assessment and are

designed to support effects determinations for individual federally listed species and their

designated critical habitats (where applicable). Scientific information obtained from the U.S.

Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), the National Marine Fisher ies Service (NMFS), and other

reliable sources is being collated by EFED to address all currently listed species. The

information will be stored in an Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Registration Information

SysteM (PRISM) knowledgebase. The liste d species knowledgebase will consist of an

information repository that houses biological and behavioral information relevant to individual

species ( e.g. , habitat, diet, and life history, including specific temporal and spatial associations)

and a document repository that contains supporting documents ( e.g ., USFWS recovery plans)

and electronic information ( e.g ., GIS data files). For terrestrial taxa, the biological information

relevant to risk quotient (RQ) calculations ( e.g ., diet and body weight) will be used to

parameterize exposure estimates to derive species

- specific RQs using a method consistent with

currently used methods in the T

- REX and T

- HERPS models.

Refinements may also include more detailed analyses of the reg istered uses and their use patterns

that result in LOC exceedances for federally listed species in the screening

- level assessment.

The analyses may include more information on where, when, and how quinclorac is used on all

use sites

. Actual usage data (w hen available) and national land

- cover datasets that indicate

potential use sites [ e.g ., national land cover dataset (NLCD), crop data layer (CDL)] may be used

to support a more refined analysis of where quinclorac is reasonably expected to be used.

Simil arly, refinements for the timing of applications and how quinclorac is used may be based on

the analysis of additional usage data, beyond what were available at the time of the screening

level assessment, and a more in

- depth exploration of agronomic practi ces.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, along with the U.S. Department of Agri culture

(USDA), the USFWS, and the NMFS , have announced the availability of a report developed by

the National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council outlining recommendations on

specific scientific and technical issues related to the development of endangered and threatened

species risk assessments for pesticides that are compliant with the Endangered Species Act

(ES A) and the FIFRA

. The EPA, USDA, US FWS and NM FS asked the NRC to consider a

range of scientific and technical issues including:

• identifying best available scientific data and information;

• considering sub

- lethal, indirect and cumulative effects;

• assessing the effects of chemical mixtures and inert ingredients;

• analyzing the effects of pesticide use through the use of models;

• incorporating uncertainties into the evaluations; and

• using geospatial information and datasets that can be employed by the agencies in the

course of these assessments.

A fter reviewing the NRC’s recommendations on these scientific and technical issues, the EPA

and its federal partners will determine how these recommendations can be implemented and

incorporated into the scientific approaches for developing listed species ri sk assessments. It is

anticipated that any draft guidance and/or science policies developed by EPA and its federal

### 59 partners as a result of the NAS recommendations would be released for public comment prior to

implementation.

The refinements based on indi vidual species data; additional, detailed usage information, when

available; and further recommendations from the NRC report are expected to help to more

accurately identify potential areas of effect and to better inform effects and habitat

determinations for listed species and any designated critical habitats. For example, if quinclorac

is used when a particular species of concern is not present ( e.g ., it is migratory) or is not co

located in space, then risk of potential direct effects to the species may often be precluded. If

LOCs are still exceeded for listed aquatic vascular plants (rice only) and monocots and dicots

after conducting the refined analyses, further analyses of the potential spatial and temporal co

occurrence of listed species of concern (and any designated critical habitat) may be conducted.

The extent of possible refinement in the analyses of spatial/temporal co

- occurrence will largely

depend on the scale and quality of the available sub

- county level use site ( e.g ., NLCD, CDL) and

spec ies location data

.

The Agency has made several refinements to the list of endangered and threatened species that

may be affected by quinclorac uses. To date, there are 1456 listed species identified i n the

LOCATES database (v. 2.2.5 , derived from USFWS a nd NMFS). For 87 of these, a “no effect”

determination for direct and indirect effects can be made based on a lack of geographical

overlap, i.e. , a lack of county

- level of co

- occurrence between the species and quinclorac uses

( Appendix H , Table H

- 1 ). The remaining 1369 species will need to be considered in more

depth before effects calls are made ( Ap pendix H, Table H

- 2 ). T h is analysis of geographical

overlap is applicable to the following uses of quinclorac as identified in LOCATES: alfalfa hay,

b lueberries

- tame, blueberries

- wild, cranberries, cropland in cultivated summer fallow, cropland

used only for pasture or grazing, field and grass seed crops

- all, forage

- land used for all

hay/haylage grass silage, hay

- all hay including alfalfa other tame sma ll grain, haylage (grass

silage and greenchop), haylage or greenchop from alfalfa or alfalfa mixtures, hay

- wild dry, other

haylage grass silage and greenchop, other tame hay, permanent pasture and rangeland, other than

cropland, rhubarb, rice, rice

- wild, s mall grain hay, sod harvested (in the open), sorghum for

grain, sorghum for silage or greenchop, sorghum for syrup, wheatgrass seed, wheat

- all, wheat

durum, wheat

- spring (other), wheat

- winter. Quinclorac uses not considered in this analysis of

geographica l overlap include turf grasses (airports/landing fields commercial/ industrial lawns,

golf course turf, ornam ental lawns and turf, recreation area lawns, and residential lawns), rights

of way/fencerow/hedgerows ( n on

- agricultural, agricultural, utility pole s), and fallow land

(agricultural fallow land, agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated). The biological,

geographical, and use pattern information outlined above will be necessary to refine the

assessment.



## 7 Uncertainties

A description of basic assu mptions, uncertainties, strengths, and limitations of a typical risk

assessment is described in Chapter 6 of the Agency’s Overview Document (USEPA, 2004) and

includes those related to exposure for all taxa, those related to exposure for aquatic species, those

related to exposure for terrestrial animals, those related t o the effects assessment, and those

### 60 associated with the acute LOC values. A dditional uncertainties for this assessment are discussed

below

.

7.1 Labels

The following label uncertainties have been identified:

• All labels do not specify a minimum application interval. As in previous assessments and

as noted in the registration review problem formulation (DP 344485), the minimum

interval was assumed to be 14 days when an interval was not specified. This was base d

on communication with the registrant, BASF, that a 14

- day interval would be a rare

scenario for post

- emergent sorghum (DP 250179+). None of the labels state a

reapplication interval of shorter than 14

- days. A shorter interval may increase EECs.

• Most l abels specify application on rice as a seasonal maximum application instead of an

annual maximum. It was assumed that there is a limit of one crop cycle per year; that is,

the seasonal maximum is equivalent to the annual maximum. Multiple crop seasons ma y

increase EECs given the persistence of quinclorac.

• One label (registration 279

- 3355) for various turf grass uses does not state a maximum

number of applications or an annual maximum application rate per acre. EFED assumed

that the annual maximum was 1. 4 lb ai/A/year. This assumption is consistent with the

maximum annual application rate of 1.5 lb ai/A for turf grass uses on other labels. EECs

would be higher if the label intended for more than one application at this rate.

• Certain uses do not restric t when application may occur. A range of application dates

were modeled in those cases. These values may be refined if the label language is

updated to be more restrictive in terms of timing of application.

• There are inconsistencies between and within t he submitted Quinclorac 4L AG label and

the supplemental label information sheets for use on rhubarb and low growing berry

(except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H. Specific inconsistencies include:

- The labels alternate between referring to the product as Qui nstar 4L Herbicide and

QUINCLORAC 4L AG.

- It was assumed that “Restrictions and Limitations

- Cranberry” applies to all low

growing berries in sub

- group 13

- 07H (except strawberry).

- The maximum annual application rate for cranberry (and other low growing be rries)

is specified as 16.8 fl oz/A on one label and as 16 fl oz/A on the other label. It was

assumed that the maximum annual application rate is 16.8 fl oz/A ( i.e. , 0.5 lb ai/A)

given that up to two applications of 8.4 fl oz/A are allowed per year.

- The m aximum annual application rate for rhubarb is specified as “xx” fl oz/A on one

label and as 25.2 fl oz/A on the other. It was assumed that the maximum annual

application rate is 25.2 fl oz/A ( i.e. , 0.75 lb ai/A) given that up to two applications of

12.6 f l oz/A are allowed per year.

### 61 7.2 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)

As required under FFDCA section 408(p), EPA has developed the Endocrine Disruptor

Screening Program (EDSP) to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active

and ot her ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by

a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may

designate.” The EDSP employs a two

- tiered approach to making the statutori ly required

determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a

chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, and or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal

systems. Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screen ing and are found to have the potential to

interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA

will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2

testing is designe d to identify any adverse endocrine related effects caused by the substance, and

establish a dose

- response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect.

Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA issued test orders/data call

- ins for the first

group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert ingredients.

This list of chemicals was selected based on the potential for human exposure through pathways

such as food and water, residential activity, and certain post

- a pplication agricultural scenarios.

This list should not be construed as a list of known or likely endocrine disruptors.

Quinclorac was not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients that received EDSP test

orders. Additional information on the E DSP, including the policies and procedures, the list of 67

chemicals, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, can be found at

http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/oscpendo/index.htm

.



## 8 References

DP 250179, 248882, 248884, 192866, 231399, 238400. Environmental Fate, Effects and

Ecological Risk Assessment for a Section 3 Registration of Quinclorac on Wheat and

Sorghum. February 17, 1999.

DP 262300. Bansal, R.K., Walker, J.T., Talbert, R.E., and Mattice, J.D. A Study of Facet®

(Quinclorac) Drift and Its Impact on Tomatoes (First Year Report). University of Arkansas.

Novermber 29, 2009.

DP 321437. Alternatives Assessment of Quinclorac Use in Arkansas Rice Production. BEAD

memo to RD. November 14, 2005

.

DP 321438. Quinclorac: Preliminary Review of Second Amended Petition to Revoke or to

Suspend and Cancel EPA Registration for FACET Herbicides. EFED memo to OGC and

RD. October 5, 2005.

DP 334717. Ecological Risk Asses sment for Experimental Use Permit for Quinclorac for

Aquatic Weed Control. May 17, 2007.

### 62 DP 344485. EFED Problem Formulation for Quinclorac Registration Review. November 27,

2007. Available at: http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA

- HQ

- OPP

- 2007

-

1135

- 0003

DP 362084. Quinclorac: Ecological Risk Assessment on Proposed New Uses for

Pasture/Rangeland. July 13, 2009.

DP 363581. Quinclorac: Drinking Water Exposure Assessment to Support Section 18

registration on Cranberry. May 5 , 2009

.

DP 364674. Quinclorac: Ecological Risk Assessment to S u pport Section 18 Registration on

Cranberry in Massachusetts. May 4, 2009

.

DP 376601. Quinclorac: Response to Request a Waiver for a Requirement for a Chronic

Daphnid Study (MRID 48042401). May 21, 2010.

DP 397772 . Quinclorac: Ecological Risk Assessment to Support Proposed New Use on Rhubarb

and Low Growing Strawberry (Except Strawberry) Subgroup 13

- 07H. Au gust 31, 2012.

DP 405093. Quinclorac: Registration Review Drinking Water Assessment . September 14, 2012.

E112909. Pan, H., Li, X., Xu, X., and Gao, S. 2009. Phytotoxicity of Four Herbicides on

Ceratophyllum demersum

, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii . Journal of Environmental

Sciences 21: 307

- 312.

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, and T.G. Pfleeger. 1994. Literature review and evaluation of the

EPA food

- chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an instrument for estimating pesticide residues on

plants. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry 13:1383

- 1391.

Hoerger, F. and E. E. Kenaga. 1972. Pesticide Residues on Plants: Correlation of

Representative Data as a Basis for Estimation of their Magnitude in the Environment. In F.

Coulston and F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and

Technology, Georg Thieme Publ., Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9

- 28.

USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide

Programs. United States Environmenta l Protection Agency (USEPA). Environmental Fate

and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs. Available at:

http://www.epa.gov/espp/consultation/ecorisk

- overview.pdf



## 9 Bibliograph y of Cited MRIDs

Fate S tudies

40320816 Eswein, R. (1987) Hydrolysis of BAS 514 in pH 5, 7, and 9 Solutions at 25

### 63 [degrees] C: Registration Document # BASF: 87/5038. Unpublished study

prepared by BASF Corp. Chemicals Division. 22 p.

41063560 Ellenson, J. (1988) Photolysis of BAS 514 H in pH 7 Aqueous Solution at 25

Degree s Centigrade|: Rep. No. M8806; Doc. No. BASF: 88/5044.

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp., Chemicals Div. 31 p.

41063561 Winkler, V.; Gaskins, B. (1988) BAS 514H

- Car bon 14| Laboratory Soil

Metabolism Study: Anaerobic Aquatic System: Rep. No. M8810; Doc. No.

88/5141. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp., Chemicals Div. 31 p.

41063562 Ellenson, J.; Winkler, V. (1988) Soil Adsorption/Desorption of BAS 514 H:

Rep. N o. M8804; Doc. No. 88/5030. Unpublished study pre

- pared by BASF

Corp., Chemicals Div. 22 p.

41247301 Clark, J. (1989) BAS 514

- [Carbon

- 14] Laboratory Aerobic Soil Metabolism

Study Using a Terrestrial System: Project ID BASF 88/ 5046. Unpublished

study prepared by BASF Corp. Chemicals Division. 27 p.

42294102 Goetz, A.; Winkler, V. (1991) Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of carbon 14|

BAS 514 H.: Lab Project Number: M9103: M9127: 91/5208. Unpublished

study prepared by BASF Corp. 52 p.

42294103 Goetz, A. (1 992) Further Identification Analysis of Samples Generated in an

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism of carbon 14| BAS 514 H: Lab Project Number:

91161: M9201: 92/5022. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 31 p.

42294104 Goetz, A. (1992) Anaerobic Aquatic Met abolism of carbon 14| BAS 514 H

after 180 Days Incubation: Lab Project Number: M9102: M9132: 92/5023.

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp. 58 p.

42786401 Goetz, A. (1992) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of (carbon

- 14) BAS 514 H:

Final Report: Lab Project Number: BASF 92/5180: 92/5180: M9210.

Unpublished study prepared by BASF Corp., Agricultural Research Center.

64 p.

44084503 Goetz, A. (1993) Aerobic Soil M etabolism of (carbon 14)

- BAS 514 H: Lab

Project Number: 93/5074: M9313: M9104. Unpublished study prepared by

BASF Corp. and Agvise Labs, Inc. 185 p.

Ecological Effects S tudies

40320810 Gelbke, H.; Freisberg, K.; Munk, R. (1984) Avian Single

-- Dose Oral LD50 of

Reg. No. 150 732 (=BAS 514 . . H) (=Test Compound No. 84/150) to Mallard

Duck ( Anas platyrhynchos L.): Reg. Doc. # BASF 85/0451. Unpublished study

prepared by BASF Aktiengesell schaft. 39 p.

40320811 Munk, R.; Mirea, D. (1985) Avian Dietary LC50 Test of Reg. No. 732 (=BAS

514..H) (=Test Substance No. 84/150) to the Mallard Duck ( Anas platyrhynchos

### 64 L.): BASF Document No: 85/0436. Unpublished study prepared by BASF

Aktiengesellschaft. 30 p.

40320812 Munk, R.; Friesberg, K. (1984) Avian Dietary LC5 0 Test of Reg. No. 150 732

(BAS 514.. H) (=Test Sub stance No. 84/1500) on the Bob white Quail ( Colinus

virginiaus ): BASF Document No: 85/0441. Unpubli s hed study prepared by BASF

Aktiengesellschaft. 34 p.

41063547 Munk, R. (1988) Avian Single

- dose Oral LD 50 of Registration Number 150 732

(= Test Compound No. 841 150) to the Bobwhite Quail ( Colinus virginianus ):

Registration Document No. BASF 88/0526. Unpublished study prepared by BASF

Department of Toxicology. 35 p.

41063548 Munk, R. (1988) Report on the Study of the Acute Toxicity of Rain bow Trout

( Salmo gairdneri RICW) to Registration Number 150 732: Registration Document

No. BASF 88/0527. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 34

p.

41063549 Surprenant, D. (1986) Acute Toxicity of BAS 514 H to Sheepshead Minnow

( Cyprinodon variegatus ): Registration Document No. BASF 86/5006. Unpublished

study prepared by Springborn Bionomics, Inc. 17 p.

41063551 Surprenant, D. (1986) Acute Toxicity of BAS 514H to the Blue Crab Callinectes

sapidus : Re gistration Document No. BASF 86/5007. Unpublished study prepared

by Springborn Bionomics, Inc. 45 p.

41063552 Suprenant, D. (1986) Acute Toxicity of BAS 514H to Embryos

- larvae of the

Quahog Clam ( Mer cenania mercenaria ): Registration Docu ment No. BASF

86/ 5008. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Bionomics, Inc. 34 p.

41063553 Surprenant, D. (1986) Acute Toxicity of BAS 514 H to Mysid Shrimp ( Mysidopsis

bahia ): Registration Document No. BASF 86/5009. Unpublished study prepared

by Springborn Bionomics, Inc. 41 p.

41063554 Boeri, R. (1989) Static Acute Toxi city of BAS 514 H Plus the Sur factant BAS 864

01S to the Rainbow Trout, Salmo g airdneri : Registration Doc ument No. BASF

89/5026. Unpublished study pre pared by Enseco, Inc. 28 p.

41063555 Boeri, R. (1989) Static Acute Toxicity of BAS 514H Plus the Surfac tant BAS 864

to the Bluegill Sun fish

, Lepomis macrochirus : Registration Document No. BASF

89/5027. Unpublished study pre

- pared by Enseco, Inc. 27 p.

41063556 Boeri, R. (1989) Static Acute Toxicity of BAS 514 H Plus the Surfactant BAS 864

01 S to Daphnid, Daphnia magna : Registration Document No. BASF 89/5028.

Unpublished study prepared by Enseco, Inc. 27 p.

41063574 Hughes, J.; Rohde, R. (1988) The Toxicity of BAS 514 H to Aquatic Plants (Tier 2

Growth and Reproduction of Aquatic Plants): Proj. ID 0445

- 04

- 1100

- 4.

Unpublished BASF Doc. 89/5023 prepared by Mal colm Pirnie, Inc. 151 p.

41063575 Clark, J. (1987) BAS 514 (Tech. ...) Acute Toxicity to Adult Worker Honey Bees

### 65 Apis mellifera L: Rep. No. M8717. Unpublished BASF document 87/5065

prepared by University of California. 94 p.

41063576 Clark, J. (1987) BAS 514 00 H (50% WP ...) Acute Toxicity to Adult Worker

Honey Bees Apis mellifera L.: Rep. No.M8723. Unpublished BASF document

88/5025 prepared by University of California. 88 p

41403501 Chetram, R. (1989) Tier 2 Seed Germination / Seedl ing Emergence Nontarget

Phytotoxicity Test: BAS 514 00H: Lab Project Number: 89/5202. Unpublished

study prepa red by Pan

- Agricultural Labora tories, Inc. 342 p.

41403502 Chetram, R. (1989) Tier 2 Seed Germination / Seedling Emergence Nontarget

Phytotoxicit y Test: BAS 514 00H + BAS 090 02S: Lab Project Number: 89/5203.

Unpubli shed study prepared by Pan

- Agr icultural Laboratories, Inc. 327 p.

41403503 Chetram, R. (1989) Tier 2 Vegetative Vigor Nontarget Phytotoxicity Test: BAS

514 00H: Lab Project Number: 89 /5204. Unpublished study prepared by Pan

Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. 239 p.

41403504 Chetram, R. (1989) Tier 2 Vegetative Vigor Nontarget Phytotoxicity Test: BAS

514 00H + BAS 090 02S: Lab Project Number: 89/5205. Unpublished study

prepared by Pan

- Ag ricultural Laboratories, Inc. 231 p.

44084501 Beavers, J.; Chafey, K.; Mi tchell, L.; et al. (1994) Quinc lorac: (sic) A

Reproduction Study with the Mallard: (Final Report): Lab Project Number: 147

- 160: 94/10236: 72W0232/929028. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife

International Ltd. 176 p.

44084502 Machado, M.; Holmes, C. (1995) Quinclorac (BAS 514 H) Technical

-- The

Toxicity to Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas ) During an Early Life

- Stage

Exposure: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 94

- 7

- 5372: 95/5021 : 93030.

Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 94 p.

44129201 Munk, R. (1994) One Generation Reproduction Study with Reg. No. 150 732

(Quinclorac) on the Bobwhite Quail ( Colinus virginianus ) by Administration in the

Diet: Lab Project Number: 94/10598: 71W0232/95052. Unpublished study

prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 390 p.

44129202 Holmes, C.; Putt, A. (1994) Quinclorac (BAS 514H) Technical

-- The Chronic

Toxicity to Daphnia magna Under Flow

- Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab

Project Number: 94/5116: 93

- 11

- 5019: 986.0393.6124.130. Unpublished study

prepared by Springborn Labs, Inc. 115 p.

47421001 Dr. Jatzek (2001) Quinclorac

- Determination of the Acute Effect on the Swimming

Ability of the Water Flea Daphnia magna Straus. Project Number: 01/0081/50/1,

2001/1015083. Unpublished study prepared by BASF Aktiengesellschaft. 28 p.

### 66 

## Appendix A: Input and Output of Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR v.

1.0)

Input

Application and Chemical Information

Enter Chemical Name quinclorac

Enter Chemical Use

Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y

If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air

Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 242

Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 7.50E

- 08

Enter Application Rate (lb ai /acre) 0.75

Toxicity Properties

**Bird**

Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD 50 (mg/kg bw) 1900

Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15

Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 1.58

**Mammal**

Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD 50 (mg/kg bw) 3060

Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC 50 (mg/L) 5.2

Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4

Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35

Output

Results Avian (0.020 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation

(mg/m 3 ) 9.77E

- 04

Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.23E

- 04

Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 1.30E+01

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 9.46E

- 06 Exposure not Likely

Significant

Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose

(mg/kg) 7.20E

- 02

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted

Inhalation LD 50 5.55E

- 03 Exposure not Likely

Significant

Results Mammalian (0.015 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation

(mg/m 3 ) 9.77E

- 04

Maximum 1

- hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.54E

- 04

Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 3.10E+02

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD 50 4.99E

- 07 Exposure not Likely

Significant

Maximum Post

- treatment Spray Inhalation Dose

(mg/kg) 9.06E

- 02

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted

Inhalation LD 50 2.93E

- 04 Exposure not Likely

Significant

### 67 

## Appendix B: Input and Results of Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0)

Assumptions:

SIP employs the following conservative assumptions to derive upper bound exposure estimates:

1) The chemical concentration in drinking water is at the solubility limit in water (at 25 o C).

2) The assessed animals obtain 100% of their daily water needs through drinking water.

3) The daily water need is equivalent to the daily water flux rate as calculated by Nagy and Peterson

(1988).

4) The body weight of the assessed bird is equivalent to the smallest generic bird modeled in T

- REX

(i.e., 20 g). This assumption results in the highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed avian

body we ights of T

- REX (i.e., 20, 100, 1000 g).

5) The body weight of the assessed mammal is equivalent to the largest generic mammal modeled in T

REX (i.e., 1000 g). This results in the highest ratio of exposure to toxicity for the 3 assessed mammalian

body weights of T

- REX (i.e., 15, 35, 1000 g).

Table 1. Inputs

Parameter Value

Chemical name quinclorac

Solubility (in water at 25 o C; mg/L) 64

Mammalian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 3060

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian

species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg

- bw) 160

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" mammalian

species

Avian LD 50 (mg/kg

- bw) 1900

Avian test species mallard duck

Body weight (g) of "other" avian species

Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 1000

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) 500

NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for other bird species

Body weight (g) of other avian species

NOAEC (mg/kg

- diet) for 2nd other bird

species

Body weight (g) of 2nd other avian species

### 68 Table 2. Mammalian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 11.0080 11.0080

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 2353.6313 123.0657

Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0047 0.0894

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure

alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals Drinking water exposure

alone is NOT a potential

concern for mammals

Table 3. Avian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kg

- bw) 51.8400 51.8400

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kg

- bw) 986.5283 49.6126

Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.0525 1.0449

Conclusion* Drinking water exposure

alone is NOT a potential

concern for birds Exposure through

drinking water alone is a

potential concern for

birds

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of exposure.

Therefore, when aggregated with other routes ( i.e ., diet, inhalation, dermal), pesticide exposure

through drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has potential for effects to non

- target

animals.

### 69 

## Appendix C : PRZM/EXAMS Modeling Output

stored as pa tf 0.76 2_01

- 06.out

Chemical: Quinclorac

PRZM environment:

PAturfSTD.txt modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:42

EXAMS environment:

pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14751.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:00

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 2.867 2.863 2.855 2.831 2.816 1.358

1962 3.892 3.891 3.887 3.879 3.875 3.338

1963 4.718 4.718 4.715 4.71 4.708 4.328

1964 6.108 6.106 6.099 6.092 6.091 5.453

1965 6.952 6.952 6.949 6.944 6.943 6.555

1966 11.36 11.35 11.33 11.28 11.26 8.433

1967 14.72 14.72 14.7 14.67 14.65 12.94

1968 15.4 15.4 15.39 15.38 15.38 15.01

1969 19.13 19.12 19.1 19.06 19.04 17.08

1970 21.09 21.09 21.08 21.06 21.05 20.04

1971 22.39 22.39 22.38 22.37 22.37 21.68

1972 81.83 81.74 81.37 80.72 80.35 52.57

1973 79.38 79.38 79.38 79.37 79.37 79.02

1974 80.84 80.83 80.83 80.82 80.81 80.13

1975 86.51 86.5 86.47 86.41 86.38 83.7

1976 87.96 87.96 87.95 87.94 87.93 87.16

1977 88.75 88.75 88.75 88.74 88.73 88.35

1978 92.56 92.56 92.53 92.5 92.47 90.66

1979 95.33 95.33 95.31 95.27 95.26 93.85

1980 95.99 95.99 95.98 95.97 95.97 95.6

1981 97.06 97.06 97.05 97.04 97.04 96.53

1982 106 106 106 105 105 102

1983 106 106 106 106 106 106

1984 108 108 108 108 108 107

1985 109 109 109 109 109 108

1986 110 110 110 110 110 109

1987 113 113 113 113 113 112

1988 115 115 115 115 115 114

1989 117 117 117 117 117 116

1990 118 118 118 118 118 118

### 70 Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258 118 118 118 118 118 118

0.064516 117 117 117 117 117 116

0.096774 115 115 115 115 115 114

0.129032 113 113 113 113 113 112

0.16129 110 110 110 110 110 109

0.193548 109 109 109 109 109 108

0.225806 108 108 108 108 108 107

0.258065 106 106 106 106 106 106

0.290323 106 106 106 105 105 102

0.322581 97.06 97.06 97.05 97.04 97.04 96.53

0.354839 95.99 95.99 95.98 95.97 95.97 95.6

0.387097 95.33 95.33 95.31 95.27 95.26 93.85

0.419355 92.56 92.56 92.53 92.5 92.47 90.66

0.451613 88.75 88.75 88.75 88.74 88.73 88.35

0.483871 87.96 87.96 87.95 87.94 87.93 87.16

0.516129 86.51 86.5 86.47 86.41 86.38 83.7

0.548387 81.83 81.74 81.37 80.82 80.81 80.13

0.580645 80.84 80.83 80.83 80.72 80.35 79.02

0.612903 79.38 79.38 79.38 79.37 79.37 52.57

0.645161 22.39 22.39 22.38 22.37 22.37 21.68

0.677419 21.09 21.09 21.08 21.06 21.05 20.04

0.709677 19.13 19.12 19.1 19.06 19.04 17.08

0.741935 15.4 15.4 15.39 15.38 15.38 15.01

0.774194 14.72 14.72 14.7 14.67 14.65 12.94

0.806452 11.36 11.35 11.33 11.28 11.26 8.433

0.83871 6.952 6.952 6.949 6.944 6.943 6.555

0.870968 6.108 6.106 6.099 6.092 6.091 5.453

0.903226 4.718 4.718 4.715 4.71 4.708 4.328

0.935484 3.892 3.891 3.887 3.879 3.875 3.338

0.967742 2.867 2.863 2.855 2.831 2.816 1.358

0.1 114.8 114.8 114.8 114.8 114.8 113.8

Average of yearly averages: 65.19283

### 71 Inputs generated by pe5.pl

- Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: pa tf 0.76 2_01

- 06

Metfile: w14751.dvf

PRZM scenario: PAturfSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv

Chemical Name: Quinclorac

Description Variable

Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 242 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry atm

- m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 7.50E

- 08 torr

Solubility sol 64 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 36 mg/L

Photolysis half

- life kdp 0 days Half

- life

Aerobic Aq.Metabolism kbacw 0 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aq. Metabolism kbacs 0 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 622 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half

- life

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.857 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 01

- 06 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd

- mm or dd

- mmm

Interval 1 interval 21 days Set to 0 or delete line for single

app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.857 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 1

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA

Pond

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

### 72 

## Appendix D : Output of Provisional Cranberry Model (v 2.0)

Equation: EEC = (App rate * 100 / (dw + (dsed * (θ + (ρ * Kd / 1000))))) * exp (

- day *

k AAM )

*Water column depth is 12 inches (0.305 m) to 18 inches (0.457 m).



### Application Inputs

App. rate (lbs/A) Days pre

flood App. rate at flood

(lbs/A)

0.25 90 0.23

0.25 60 0.23

0.00

Total residues per area at

flood (lbs/A): 0.46



### Inputs

Parameter Value

Koc (L/kg) 36

If no Koc, enter Kd (L/kg)

AAM t1/2 (d) 1295

ASM t1/2 (d) 622



### Model Parameters

Parameter Value

Water column depth (m) 0.305

Sediment depth (m) 0.01

Organic fraction of sediment 0.01

Sediment bulk density (kg/m3) 1300

Sediment porosity 0.509



### Calculated Parameters

Parameter Value

Kd input (L/kg) 0.36

AAM rate constant 0.000535249

ASM rate constant 0.00111

App. rate (kg/ha) 0.515630335



### EECs

Holding Time Peak 21

- d Mean 60

- d

Mean Annual

Mean

Paddy 163.81 162.94 161.25 148.84

3

- d Tail 163.55 162.68 160.99 148.60

21

- d Tail 161.98 161.12 159.45 147.18

### 73 

## Ap pendix E : ECOTOX Literature Search

– Papers That Were Accepted

March 2012 refresh

1. Abdallah, I.; Fischer, A. J.; Elmore, C. L.; Saltveit, M. E., and Zaki, M. Mechanism of Resistance to

Quinclorac in Smooth Crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum). ACC,BCM,GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE;

2006; 84, (1): 38

- 48.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 90156

Chemical of Concern: AVIG,KCN,NaCN,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint s (E D 50 ; LOAEL ) are not comparable to guideline endpoint

(EC 25 ; NOAEL ) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

2. Boydston, R. A.; Collins, H. P., and Fransen, S. C. Response of Three Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Cultivars to Mesotrion e, Quinclorac, and Pendimethalin. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2010; 24, (3):

336

- 341.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 153924

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,ATZ,PDM,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and end point (NOAEL) is equally as sensitive as guideline endpoint

3. Brecke, B. J.; Unruh, J. B., and Dusky, J. A. Torpedograss (Panicum repens) Control with Quinclorac in

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon x C.transvaalensis) Turf. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE;

200 1; 15, (4): 732

- 736.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 66803

Chemical of Concern: DFP,NHN,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

4. Chon, N . M.; Nishikawa

- Koseki, N.; Takeuchi, Y., and Abe, H. Role of Ethylene in Abnormal Shoot Growth

Induced by High Concentration of Brassinolide in Rice Seedlings. BCM,GRO. Department of Plant

Protection, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and

Technology, 3

- 5

- 8 Saiwai

- cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183

- 8509, Japan//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2008; 33,

(1): 67

- 72.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 152397

Chemical of Concern: AVIC,BLD,EPH,KCN,QNC

• Not evaluated because units (μM) not convertibl e to lb ai /A

5. Czarnota, M. A. and Derr, J. Controlling Bamboo (Phyllostachys spp.) with Herbicides.

GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2007; 21, (1): 80

- 83.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154909

Chemical of Concern: CLT,DBN,DTP,FNP,FZF,GFS,GYP,IZP,MSMA,QNC,SXD

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

6. Dernoeden, P. H.; Bigelow, C. A.; Kaminski, J. E., and Krouse, J. M. Smooth Crabgrass Control in Perennial

Ryegrass and Creeping Bentgrass Tolerance to Quinclorac. PHY ,POP. pd9@umail.umd.edu//:

SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2003; 38, (4): 607

- 612.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 82332

Chemical of Concern: FexS,LQN,QNC,Urea

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

7. Derr, J. F. Com mon Reed (Phragmites australis) Response to Mowing and Herbicide Application.

GRO,POPSOIL,ENV; 2008; 1, (1): 12

- 16.

### 74 Notes: EcoReference No.: 103875

Chemical of Concern: CLT,DTP,FNP,FZF,GFS,GYPI,MSMA,QNC,SXD

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not c omparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (N OAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

8. Dotray, P. A. and McKenney, C. B. Established and Seeded Buffalograss Tolerance to Herbicides Applied

Preemergence. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE ; 1996; 31, (3): 393

- 395.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 76103

Chemical of Concern:

ACR,ATZ,BFL,CZE,DCPA,DMB,DTP,DU,IXB,LNR,MBZ,MTL,MTS,OYZ,PDM,PPZ,PRM,PTB,

QNC,SZ,TFN

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

9. Enloe, S. F.; Nissen, S. J., and Westra, P. Absorption, Fate, and Soil Activity of Quinclorac in Field

Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis). GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1999; 47, (2): 136

- 142.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 63868

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,QNC

• N ot evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

10. Franetovich, L. M. and Peeper, T. F. Quinclorac for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat

(Triticum aestivum). GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE ; 1995; 9, (1): 131

- 140.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 81325

Chemical of Concern:

24D,24DC,24DXY,ALSV,CSF,DMB,EFV,MBZ,MCPA,MOIL,MTS,PCL,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL); endpoint (NOAEL) is equall y as sensitive to or less sensitive than guideline endpoint;

and species (bromegrass) is target species

11. Friesen, L. F.; Morrison, I. N.; Rashid, A., and Devine, M. D. Response of a Chlorsulfuron

- Resistant Biotype

of Kochia scoparia to Sulfonylurea and Alternative Herbicides. GRO,POP. Author Affiliation: Dep.

Plant Sci., Univ. Manit., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Can.////: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1993; 41, (1):

100

- 106.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 120477

Chemical of Concern: 24DXY,BMN,CSF,DPP1,FXP,IZT,MTS,QNC,TBN U,THF,TSF

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive to guideline endpoint

12. Gettys, L. A. and Haller, W. T. Response of Selected Foliage Plants to Four Herbicides in Irrigation Water.

GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV; 2010; 20, (5): 921

- 928.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154970

Chemical of Concern: BAS670,BP,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (EC 10 ) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ; NOAEL)

13.

--- . Tolerance of Selected Bedding Plants to Four Herbicides in Irrigation Water. GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV;

2009; 19, (3): 546

- 552.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154971

Chemical of Concern: BAS670,IZX,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (EC 10 ) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ; NOAEL)

14. Grossmann, K. and Kwiatkowski, J. Selective Induction of Ethylene and Cyanide Biosynthesis Appears to be

Involved in the Selectivity of the Herbicide Quinclorac Between Rice and Barnyardgrass.

BCM,GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1993; 142, (4) : 457

- 466.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100564

### 75 Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,AVIG,EPH,KCN,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoints (EC 30; LOAEL) are not comparable to guideline endpoint

(EC 25 ; NOAEL); also units (μg/org; mol/L) not convertible to lb ai /A

15. Johnson, B. J. Creeping Bentgrass Quality Following Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicide

Applications. PHY,POP. Dep. Crop Soil Sci., Univ. Ga., Georgia Station, Griffin, GA 30223

- 1797//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1994; 29, (8): 880

- 883.

Notes: EcoReference N o.: 154382

Chemical of Concern: BS,DFP,DTP,MSMA,ODZ,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

16.

--- . Tank

- Mixed Herbicides on Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and Goosegrass (Eleusine indi ca)

Control in Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Turf. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE;

1994; 42, (2): 216

- 221.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154910

Chemical of Concern: DFP,DTP,MBZ,MSMA,PDM,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideli ne endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

17. Johnson, B. J. and Duncan, R. R. Influence of Herbicides on Establishment of Eight Seashore Paspalum

Cultivars. PHYSOIL,ENV; 1998; 16, (2): 79

- 81.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100561

Chemical of Concern: DFP,DMB,DTP,HSF,ODZ, PDM,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

18.

--- . Tolerance of Four Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Cultivars to Postemergence Herbicides.

PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1997; 11, (4): 689

- 692.

Notes: EcoR eference No.: 100562

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,DFP,DMB,IMQ,MCPP1,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

19. Jordan, D. L. Efficacy of Reduced Rates of Quinclorac Applied with Propanil or Propanil Plus Molinate in

Dry

- Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa). POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1997; 45, (6): 824

- 828.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 64681

Chemical of Concern: PPN,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

20. Jordan, D. L.; Miller, D. K., and Crawford, S. H. Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus

- galli) Control in Dry

Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa) with Soil

- Applied and Postemergence Herbicide Programs.

POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1998; 12, (1): 69

- 73.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 74976

Chemical of Concern: MLT,PDM,PPN,QNC,TBC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is no t comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

21. Kay, S. H. Response of Two Alligatorweed Biotypes to Quincl orac. GRO,PHYSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE;

1992; 30, 35

- 40.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100759

Chemical of Concern: GYPI,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

22. Koo, S. J.; Neal, J. C., and DiTomaso, J. M. Mechanism of Action and Selectivity of Quinclorac in Grass

Roots. ACC,BCM,CEL,GROSOIL,ENV; 1997; 57, (1): 44

- 53.

### 76 Notes: EcoReference No.: 63893

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because units (μM) are not convertible to lb ai /A

23. Lamoureux , G. L. and Rusness, D. G. Quinclorac Absorption, Translocation, Metabolism, and Toxicity in

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula). ACC,GRO,MOR,PHY. 21298//: SOIL,ENV; 1995; 53, 210

- 226.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 57517

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated bec ause endpoints (IC 75 ; LD 50 ) are not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

24. Lopez

- Martinez, N.; Marshall, G., and De Prado, R. Resistance of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus

- galli) to

Atrazine and Quinclorac. GRO. N. Lopez

- Martinez, DQAE, E. T.S.I.A.M., Universidad de Cordoba,

Apdo. 3048, Cordoba, Spain// //: SOIL,ENV; 1997; 51, (2): 171

- 175.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 66717

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,MLT,PPN,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (EC 50 ) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ; NOAEL)

25. Lopez

- Martinez, N.; Shimabukuro, R. H., and De Prado, R. Effect of Quinclorac on Auxin

- Induced Growth,

Transmembrane Proton Gradient and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Echinochloa spp. BCM,CEL,GRO.

N. Lopez

- Martinez, Departamento de Quimica Agri cola, E.T.S.I.A.M. Universidad de Cordoba,

Avda. Menendez Pidal s/n. Apdo 3048, 14080

- Cordoba, Spain////: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1998; 25,

(7): 851

- 857.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154943

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) i s not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

26. Malik, M. S.; Burgos, N. R., and Talbert, R. E. Confirmation and Control of Propanil

- Resistant and

Quinclorac

- Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa Crus

- Galli) in Rice. POPSOIL,ENV; 2010; 24,

(3): 226

- 233.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154947

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,FNP,IZT,PDM,PPN,QNC,TBC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint; endpoint

(NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint ; and species is target s pecies (barnyard

grass); or

27. McElroy, J. S. and Breeden, G. K. Tall Fescue Seedling Tolerance to Carfentrazone, Bromoxynil, Quinclorac,

and Siduron. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2006; 41, (1): 252

- 254.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 87930

Chemical of Conce rn: BMN,QNC,SID

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

28.

--- . Tolerance of Turf

- Type Tall Fescue Established from Seed to Postemergence Applications of Mesotrione

and Quinclorac. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2007; 42, (2): 382

- 385.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154955

Chemical of Concern: GYP,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

N OAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

29. McElroy, J. S.; Breeden, G. K., and Sorochan, J. C. Hybrid Bluegrass Tolerance to Postemergence

Applications of Mesotrione and Quinclorac. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE ; 2007; 21, (3): 807

-

811.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154948

### 77 Chemical of Concern: GYP,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

30. Mill er, T. W.; Shinn, S. L., and Thill, D. C. Cross

- Resistance in and Chemical Control of Auxinic Herbicide

Resistant Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). MOR,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2001; 15,

(2): 293

- 299.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 66889

Chemical of Con cern: CPR,DMB,DMDP,FXP,MTS,PCL,QNC,TPR,TSF

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL); endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensi tive than guideline endpoint; and species (Plant

Kingdom) not specified

31. Moraes, B . S.; Loro, V. L.; Glusczak, L.; Pretto, A.; Menezes, C.; Marchezan, E., and De oliveira Machado,

S. Effects of Four Rice Herbicides on Some Metabolic and Toxicology Parameters of Teleost

Invertebrates (Leporinus obtusidens). BCMAQUA; 2007; 68, (8): 1597

- 1601.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 93324

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,MTSM,PPN,QNC

• Not evaluated because only one concentration was tested

32. Norsworthy, J. K. and Smith, J. P. Tolerance of Direct

- Seeded Leafy Greens to Herbicides Applied Before or

After Cro p Emergence. GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2007; 26, (8): 1158

- 1165.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 114101

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,DMM,FFC,MTC,PDM,PRM,PZM,QNC,TBC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint ( EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

33. Pan, H.; Li, X.; Xu, X., and Gao, S. Phytotoxicity of Four Herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum,

Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii. BCM,MOR,POPAQUA; 2009; 21, 307

- 312.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 112909

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BSFM,BTC,QNC

• Classified as qualitative for use in risk assessment

34. Perschbacher, P. W.; Ludwig, G. M., and Slaton, N. Effects of Common Aerially Applied Rice Herbicides on

the Plankton Communities of Aquaculture Ponds. POP,SYS. pperschbacher@uaex.edu//: AQUA;

2002; 214, (1

- 4): 241

- 246.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 71507

Chemical of Concern: BSFM,CMZ,DMDP,MLT,PDM,PPN,QNC,TBC,TPRT

• Not evaluated because species (algae, invertebrates) not specified

35. Pretto, A.; Loro, V. L.; Menezes, C.; Moraes, B. S.; Reimche, G. B.; Zanella, R., and De Avila, L. A.

Commercial Formulation Containing Quinclorac and Metsulfuron

- Methyl Herbicides Inhibit

Acetylcholinesterase and Induce Biochemical Alterations in Tissues of Leporinus obtusidens.

BCMAQUA; 2011; 74, (3): 336

- 341.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154911

Chemical of Concern: MTSM,QNC

• Not evaluated because numerical endpoint not provided by ECOTOX

36. Rao, A. N. and Moody, K. Weed Control in Rice Seedling Nurseries. GRO,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE;

1988; 7, (3): 202

- 206.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100570

Chemical of Concern: BSF,BTC,PDM,PPN,QNC,TBC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint; endpoint

(NOAEL) is less sensitive tha n guideline endpoint ; and species is tar get species (barnyard grass)

### 78 37. Reicher, Z. J.; Weisenberger, D. V., and Throssell, C. S. Turf Safety and Effectiveness of Dithiopyr and

Quinclorac for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Spring

- S eeded Turf. POP.

zreicher@dpt.agry.purdue.edu//: SOIL,ENV; 1999; 13, (2): 253

- 256.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 64251

Chemical of Concern: DTP,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL ) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

38. Rusness, D. G.; Huwe, J. K., and Lamoureux, G. L. Quinclorac Ester Toxicity and Metabolism in Leafy

Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Soil Systems: Effects of Foliar vs Soil Applications.

ACC,GRO,MOR,PHYSOIL,ENV; 1998; 61, (2): 115

- 133.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 66708

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NR

- LETH) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

39. Stone, A. E.; Peeper, T. F., and Solie, J. B. Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control with Herbicides Applied to

Mature Seeds. GROSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2001; 15, (2): 382

- 386.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 66969

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,BFL,CSF,EFL,EPTC,GYP,MBZ,MTL,MTS,PCL,PDM,QNC,TFN

• Not evaluated because units ( ai g/kg sd) are not conver tible to lb ai /A ; also quinclorac is not

used as a seed treatment

40. Street, J. E. and Mueller, T. C. Rice (Oryza sativa) Weed Control with Soil Applications of Quinclorac.

POPSOIL,ENV; 1993; 7, (3): 600

- 604.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100563

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

41. Sunohara, Y. and Matsumoto, H. Oxidative Injury Induced by the Herbicide Quinclorac on Echinochloa

oryzicola Vasing and the Involvement of Antioxidative Ability in Its Highly Selective Action in

Grass Species. BCM,GRO. sunohara@agbi.tsukuba.ac.jp//: SOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 2004; 167, (3):

597

- 606.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 114200

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because units (μM) are not co nvertible to lb ai /A

42. Sunohara, Y.; Shirai, S.; Wongkantrakorn, N., and Matsumoto, H. Sensitivity and Physiological Responses of

Eleusine indica and Digitaria adscendens to Herbicide Quinclorac and 2,4

- D. BCM,GROENV;

2010; 68, (2): 157

- 164.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154945

Chemical of Concern: 24D,24DXY,QNC

• Not evaluated units (μM) are not convertible to lb ai /A

43. Sunohara, Y.; Shirai, S.; Yamazaki, H., and Matsumoto, H. Involvement of Antioxidant Capacity in

Quinclorac Tolerance in Eleusine i ndica. GROSOIL,ENV; 2011; 74, (1): 74

- 81.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154946

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because units (μM) are not convertible to lb ai /A

44. Talbert, R. E.; Tierney, M. J.; Burgos, N. R.; Strebe, T. A., and Kitt, M. J. Field Evaluation of Herbicides on

Small Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 1994. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1995; 447,

53 p.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73916

Chemical of Conce rn:

### 79 BT,CLT,CMZ,CPP,CPR,CYC,DCPA,DEE,DMDP,DMM,DU,EFL,EPTC,FSF,FTS,FZP,GFSNH,G

YPI,IZT,MBZ,MTL,NPP,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PQT,QNC,SFZ,SXD,TFN,TPRT,TPZ,Ziram

• Not evaluated because exposure period (reproductive phase) is not comparable to guideline

(vegetative growth pha se)

45. Talbert, R. E.; Tierney, M. J.; Carey III, V. F., and Kitt, M. J. Field Evaluation of Herbicides on Small Fruit,

Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, 1993. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1994; 440, 60 p.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 73236

Chemical of Conce rn:

ACF,ATZ,BT,CLT,CMZ,CPP,CPR,CYC,DCPA,DEE,DMB,DMDP,DMM,DTP,EFL,EFS,EPTC,FS

F,GFSNH,GYP,IXB,LCF,MCPA,MCPP1,MSMA,MTL,NPP,ODZ,OXF,OYZ,PDM,PHMD,PYZ,P

ZM,QNC,SXD,TBC,TFN,TPR,TPZ

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 2 5 ;

NOAEL)

46. Taverner, J.; Beasley, J. S.; Strahan, R. E.; Griffin, J. L., and Borst, S. M. Selective Postemergence Herbicide

Control of Torpedograss in Centipedegrass. PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2011; 25, (2): 212

- 216.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154969

Chemical of Concern: CLT,QNC,SXD

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL); endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint ; and species (to rpedo

grass) is target species

47. Teuton, T. C. Management of Hybrid Bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr. x Poa pratensis L.) in the Transition

Zone. BCM,GRO,PHY,POPSOIL,ENV; 2006: 159 p. (UMI#3214429).

Notes: EcoReference No.: 154952

Chemical of Concern:

BP,CLT,CSF,DFPM,DTP,EPH,HSF,IAZ,IMQ,MTSM,ODZ,OYZ,P BZ,PCZ,PDM,PRM,QNC,RIM,

SFS,SXD,TFN,TXE

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL)

48. Van Eerd, L. L.; Stephenson, G. R.; Kwiatkowski, J.; Grossmann, K., and Hall, J. C. Physiological and

Biochemical C haracterization of Quinclorac Resistance in a False Cleavers (Galium spurium L.)

Biotype. ACC,BCM,GRO,MOR. Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph,

Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada////: SOIL,ENV; 2005; 53, (4): 1144

- 1151.

Notes: EcoRefer ence No.: 154924

Chemical of Concern:

24DNH,BT,CPR,DMB,ETL,FXP,GFSNH,GYPI,MCPAD,PCLK,QNC,THF,TPR

• Not evaluated because endpoint s (ED 50 ; LOAEL ) are not comparable to guideline endpoint

(EC 25 ) and units (M) not convertible to lb ai /A

49. Webster, E. P.; Baldwin, F. L., and Dillon, T. L. The Potential for Clomazone Use in Rice (Oryza sativa).

PHY,POPSOIL,ENV,MIXTURE; 1999; 13, (2): 390

- 393.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 101021

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,PDM,QNC,TBC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is equally as sensitive as guideline endpoint

50. Zawierucha, J. E. and Penner, D. Adjuvant Efficacy with Quinclorac in Canola (Brassica napus) and

Turfgrass. GROSOIL, ENV; 2001; 15, (2): 220

- 223.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 67003

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (EC 50 ) are not comparable to guideline endpoint (EC 25 ;

NOAEL) and endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

### 80 51.

---

. The Relationship of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Stage of Growth to Quinclorac Tolerance.

GROSOIL,ENV; 2001; 15, (2): 216

- 219.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 67004

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint s (EC 50 ; LOAEL) are not comparable to gui deline endpoint

(EC 25 ; NOAEL) or endpoint (NOAEL) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint



### 2008 search

1. Azmi, M. and Anwar, A. I. Quinclorac and Bensulfuron

- Potential Herbicides for Direct

- Seeded Rice.

POP,PHY,GROENV; 1989; 17, (2): 208

- 217.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 74668

Chemical of Concern: MLT,BSF,QNC

• Not evaluated because species (barnyard grass) is target species and species (Plant Kingdom) is

not specified

2. BASF Corporation. Initial Submission: Report on Study of Toxicity of 3,7

- D ichloro

- 8

- Quinoline Carboxylic

Acid in Beagle Dogs After 12 Month Administration in the Diet with Cover Letter Dated 052692.

GRO,PHY,BEH,MOR,BCMORAL; 1992: (NTIS/OTS 0539659).

Notes: EcoReference No.: 101150

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint s ( NR

- ZERO; LOAEL; NOAEL for acute) are not comparable

to guideline endpoint ( LC 50 for acute; NOAEL for chronic ) or endpoint (NOAEL) is less

sensitive than guideline endpoint

3.

--- . Initial Submission: Toxicity of 3,7

- Dichloro

- 8

- Quinoline Car boxylic Acid in Rats After 4 Week

Administration in the Diet with Cover Letter Dated 052692. PHY,CEL,MOR,GRO,BEHORAL;

1992: (NTIS/OTS 0539599).

Notes: EcoReference No.: 101149

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint s ( NR

- ZERO; LOAEL) are not comparable to guideline

endpoint (LC 50 for acute; NOAEL for chronic )

4. Braverman, M. P. Weed Control in Rice (Oryza sativa) with Quinclorac and Bensulfuron Coating of Granular

Herbicides and Fertilizer. POPWATER,ENV; 1995; 9, (3): 494

- 498.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 74736

Chemical of Concern: MLT,QNC,BSF,TBC

• Not evaluated because species (ducksalad, junglerice, shama, millet) are considered target

species

5. dos Santos Miron, D.; Crestani, M.; Rosa Shettinger, M.; Maria Morsch, V.; Baldisserotto, B.; Angel Tierno, M.;

Moraes, G., and Vieira, V. L. P. Effects of the Herbicides Clomazone, Quinclorac, and Metsulfuron

Methyl on Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Silver Catfish (Rhamdia quelen) (Heptapteridae).

BCM,MOR,BEH,PHYWATER,AQUA; 2005; 61, ( 3): 398

- 403.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 80936

Chemical of Concern: QNC,MTS,CMZ

• Not evaluated because endpoint (LOAEL) is not comparable to guideline endpoint (LC 50 ) and

endpoint (LC 50 ) is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

6. dos Santos Miron, D.; Da Silva, L. V. F.; Golombieski, J. I.; De Oliveira Machado, S. L.; Marchezan, E., and

Baldisserotto, B. Lethal Concentration of Clomazone, Metsulfuron

- Metil, and Quinclorac for Silver

Catfish, Rhamdia quelen, Fingerlings. MOR,BEH. bernardo@smail.ufsm.br: WATER,AQUA;

### 81 2004; 34, (5): 1465

- 1469.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 87942

Chemical of Concern: CMZ,MTSM,QNC

• Not evaluated because endpoint (NR

- LETH; MR

- ZERO) is not comparable to guideline

endpoint (LC 50 ) and endpoint (LC 50 ) is less sensitive than guideline e ndpoint

7. Lu, Z. M.; Min, H., and Ye, Y. F. Influences of Quinclorac on Culturable Microorganisms and Soil Respiration in

Flooded Paddy Soil. POPSOIL,ENV; 2003; 16, (4): 314

- 322.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100566

Chemical of Concern: QNC

• Not evaluated because species (Kingdom Fungi) is not specified

8. Ma, J. Differential Sensitivity to 30 Herbicides Among Populations of Two Green Algae Scenedesmus obliquus

and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. POPWATER,AQUA; 2002; 68, (2): 275

- 281.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 65 945

Chemical of Concern:

DFP,QZF,FNP,HFP,FZF,NSF,TN,EMSF,BP,ANL,PDM,BTC,MLT,AMTR,PMT,DU,PAQT,FXP,Q

NC,ATZ,SZ,MCPA,GYP,OXF,QZFE

• Not evaluated because endpoint is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

9. Ma, J.; Liang, W.; Xu, L.; Wang, S.; Wei, Y., and L u, J. Acute Toxicity of 33 Herbicides to the Green Alga

Chlorella pyrenoidosa. POPWATER,AQUA; 2001; 66, (4): 536

- 541.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 61983

Chemical of Concern:

DFP,FZF,QZP,HFP,FNP,MLT,BP,TN,EMSF,NSF,BTC,PAQT,AMTR,DU,ANL,MCPA,FXP,QNC,

OXF,GYP,SZ, ATZ

• Not evaluated because endpoint is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

10. Ma, J.; Lin, F.; Wang, S., and Xu, L. Toxicity of 21 Herbicides to the Green Alga Scenedesmus quadricauda.

POPWATER,AQUA; 2003; 71, (3): 594

- 601.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 71458

Chemical of Concern: ATZ,SZ,BTC,MTL,DU,BMN,GYP,ACO,QNC,GFSNH

• Not evaluated because endpoint is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

11. Ma, J.; Wang, S.; Wang, P.; Ma, L.; Chen, X., and Xu, R. Toxicity Assessment of 40 Herbicides to the Green

Alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. POPWATER,AQUA; 2006; 63, (3): 456

- 462.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 83543

Chemical of Concern:

CLT,DFP,FNP,FZF,HFP,QZF,BSFM,BP,CRME,EMSF,FTS,MTSM,NSF,ACO,BTC,MTL,AMTR,

ATZ,BMN,DU,PAQT,PMT,FXP,MCPA,QNC,PDM,TFN,GFS,GYP,SZ

• Not eval uated because endpoint is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

12. Ma, J.; Xu, L.; Wang, S.; Zheng, R.; Jin, S.; Huang, S., and Huang, Y. Toxicity of 40 Herbicides to the Green

Alga Chlorella vulgaris. POPWATER,AQUA; 2002; 51, (2): 128

- 132.

Notes: E coReference No.: 65938

Chemical of Concern:

DFP,QZF,HFP,FNP,FZF,CLT,NSF,TN,EMSF,BSFM,CRME,FTS,BP,ANL,TFN,PDM,BTC,MTL,

MLT,ACO,ATZ,SZ,CZE,DU,PAQT,BMN,FXP,QNC,OXF,GYP,GFSNH

• Not evaluated because endpoint is less sensitive than guideline endpoint

13. Moraes, B. S.; Loro, V. L.; Glusczak, L.; Pretto, A.; Menezes, C.; Marchezan, E., and de Oliveira Machado, S.

Effects of Four Rice Herbicides on Some Metabolic and Toxicology Parameters of Teleost Fish

(Leporinus obtusidens). BCMWATER,AQUA; 2007; 68, (8): 1597

- 1 601.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 93324

Chemical of Concern: QNC,MTSM,PPN,CMZ

### 82 • Not evaluated because only one concentration was tested

14. Resgalla, C. Jr.; Noldin, J. A.; Tamanaha, M. S.; Deschamps, F. C.; Eberhardt, D. S., and Rorig, L. R. Risk

Analysis of Herbicide Quinclorac Residues in Irrigated Rice Areas, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

MOR,POP. CTTMar

- UNIVALI, CxP 360, 88 302

- 202, Itaja, SC, Brazil. cresgalla@univali.br:

WATER,AQUA; 2007; 16, (8): 565

- 571.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 100569

Chemical of Conce rn: QNC

• Not evaluated because insufficient experimental details were provided

15. Wu, J. C.; Xu, J. X.; Liu, J. L.; Yuan, S. Z.; Cheng, J. A., and Heong, K. L. Effects of Herbicides on Rice

Resistance and on Multiplication and Feeding of Brown Planthopp er (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens

(Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). PHY,MOR,BEH,POPENV; 2001; 47, (2): 153

- 159.

Notes: EcoReference No.: 98462

Chemical of Concern: MTL,ODZ,QNC,BSFM,ACO,OXF,BTC

• Not evaluated because endpoints (NOAEL, LOAEL) not comparable to g uideline endpoint

(LC/LD 50 )

### 83 

## Appendix F : Avian, M ammalian

, F ish , and Aquatic I nvertebrate RQs

Tabl e F

- 1. Chronic Dietary

- Based Risk Quotients (RQs) for Birds (Surrogate for Reptiles

and Aquatic

- Phase Amphibians)

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Chronic Dietary

Based RQs

(mg/kg

- diet)

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground) Short grass 0.72

Tall grass 0.33

Broadleaf plants 0.41

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.05

Arthropods 0.28

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.67

Tall grass 0.31

Broadleaf plants 0.38

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.04

Arthropods 0.26

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A (21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.61

Tall grass 0.28

Broadleaf plants 0.34

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.04

Arthropods 0.24

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) Short grass 0.63

Tall grass 0.29

Broadleaf plants 0.36

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.04

Arthropods 0.25

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils (ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve (aerial,

ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) Short g rass 0.36

Tall grass 0.17

Broadleaf plants 0.20

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.02

Arthropods 0.14

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A

Rice (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.24

Tall grass 0.11

Broadleaf plants 0.14

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.02

Arthropods 0.09

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils (aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.32

Tall grass 0.15

Broadleaf plants 0.18

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.02

Arthropods 0.12

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 0.28

Tall grass 0.13

Broadleaf plants 0.16

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.02

Arthropods 0.11

### 84 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Chronic Dietary

Based RQs

(mg/kg

- diet)

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 0.18

Tall grass 0.08

Broadleaf plants 0.10

Fruits/pods 0.01

Arthropods 0.07

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H (ground) Short grass 0.19

Tall grass 0.09

Broadleaf plants 0.10

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.07

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.19

Tall grass 0.09

Broadleaf plants 0.10

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.07

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

### 85 Table F

- 2. Mammalian Acute and Chronic Dose

- Based Risk Quotients (RQs)

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- Based RQs (mg/kg

- bw)

Small

(20 g) Medium

(100 g) Large

(1000 g)

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

way/fencerows/hedgerows

(ground) Short grass 0.07 0.98 0.06 0.83 0.03 0.45

Tall grass 0.03 0.45 0.03 0.38 0.01 0.20

Broadleaf plants 0.04 0.55 0.03 0.47 0.02 0.25

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03

Arthropods 0.03 0.38 0.02 0.33 0.01 0.18

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.07 0.91 0.06 0.78 0.03 0.42

Tall grass 0.03 0.42 0.03 0.36 0.01 0.19

Broadleaf plants 0.04 0.51 0.03 0.44 0.02 0.23

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03

Arthropods 0.03 0.36 0.02 0.30 0.01 0.16

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A

(21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/

fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.06 0.82 0.05 0.70 0.03 0.38

Tall grass 0.03 0.38 0.02 0.32 0.01 0.17

Broadleaf plants 0.03 0.46 0.03 0.39 0.02 0.21

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02

Arthropods 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.27 0.01 0.15

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A

(14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

(ground) Short grass 0.06 0.86 0.05 0.73 0.03 0.39

Tall grass 0.03 0.39 0.02 0.34 0.01 0.18

Broadleaf plants 0.04 0.48 0.03 0.41 0.02 0.22

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02

Arthropods 0.02 0.34 0.02 0.29 0.01 0.15

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural

uncultivated areas/soils

(ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle

land/conservation reserve

(aerial, ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/

fencerows/hedgerows

(ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/

fencerows/hedgerows

(aerial)

Rangeland/pasture (aerial,

ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way

(aerial) Short grass 0.04 0.49 0.03 0.42 0.02 0.22

Tall grass 0.02 0.22 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.10

Broadleaf plants 0.02 0.27 0.02 0.23 0.01 0.13

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.19 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.09

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A

Rice (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.02 0.33 0.02 0.28 0.01 0.15

Tall grass 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.07

Broadleaf plants 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.16 0.01 0.08

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.06

Seeds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

### 86 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Dose

- Based RQs (mg/kg

- bw)

Small

(20 g) Medium

(100 g) Large

(1000 g)

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A

(14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural

uncultivated areas/soils

(aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/

fencerows/ hedgerows

(aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay

(aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed

(aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.03 0.43 0.03 0.37 0.01 0.20

Tall grass 0.01 0.20 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.09

Broadleaf plants 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.11

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.08

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A

(30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 0.03 0.38 0.02 0.32 0.01 0.17

Tall grass 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.08

Broadleaf plants 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.10

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.07

Seeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 0.02 0.24 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.11

Tall grass 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.06

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.04

Seeds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A

(30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except

strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H (ground) Short grass 0.02 0.25 0.02 0.22 0.01 0.12

Tall grass 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.07

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.05

Seeds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A

(14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.02 0.25 0.02 0.22 0.01 0.12

Tall grass 0.01 0.12 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.07

Fruits/pods 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01

Arthropods 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.05

Seeds 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a upper bound Kenaga values

### 87 Table F

- 3. Mammalian Dietary

- Based Risk Quotients (RQs)

Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Chronic Dietary

Based RQs

(mg/kg

- diet)

1 Application @ 1.5 lb ai /A

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground) Short grass 0.11

Tall grass 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.06

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.04

1 Application @ 1.4 lb ai /A

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.11

Tall grass 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.06

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.04

2 Applications @ 0.76 lb ai /A (21

- day interval)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Turf grasses (ground)* Short grass 0.09

Tall grass 0.04

Broadleaf plants 0.05

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.04

2 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Airports/landing fields (ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (ground) Short grass 0.10

Tall grass 0.05

Broadleaf plants 0.06

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.01

Arthropods 0.04

1 Application @ 0.75 lb ai /A

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils (ground)

Agricultural fallow land/idle land/conservation reserve (aerial,

ground)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (ground)

Non

- agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial )

Rangeland/pasture (aerial, ground)

Utility poles/rights

- of

- way (aerial) Short grass 0.06

Tall grass 0.03

Broadleaf plants 0.03

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.02

1 Application @ 0.5 lb ai /A

Rice (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.04

Tall grass 0.02

Broadleaf plants 0.02

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.01

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Agricultural and non

- agricultural uncultivated areas/soils (aerial)

Agricultural rights

- of

- way/fencerows/hedgerows (aerial)

Grass forage/fodder/hay (aerial, ground)

Grasses grown for seed (aerial, ground)

Sorghum (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.05

Tall grass 0.02

Broadleaf plants 0.03

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.02

2 Applications @ 0.375 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Rhubarb (ground) Short grass 0.04

Tall grass 0.02

Broadleaf plants 0.02

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.02

1 Application @ 0.375 lb ai /A

Wheat (aerial, ground)** Short grass 0.03

Tall grass 0.01

Broadleaf plants 0.02

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

### 88 Application Information

Use (Method of Application) Feeding

Category Chronic Dietary

Based RQs

(mg/kg

- diet)

Arthropods 0.01

2 Applications @ 0.25 lb ai /A (30

- day interval)

Low growing berry (except strawberry) subgroup 13

- 07H (ground) Short grass 0.03

Tall grass 0.01

Broadleaf plants 0.02

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.01

3 Applications @ 0.245 lb ai /A (14

- day interval)

Sorghum (aerial, ground)

Wheat (aerial, ground) Short grass 0.03

Tall grass 0.01

Broadleaf plants 0.02

Fruits/pods/seeds 0.00

Arthropods 0.01

* includes commercial/ industrial lawns; golf course turf; ornamental lawns, turf, and sod farm; recreation lawn

areas; and residential lawns

** for bindweed control

a upper bound Kenaga values

### 89 Table F

- 4. Fish ( and Aquatic

- Phase Amphibians ) Risk Quotients (RQs)

Use Scenario Freshwater

Invertebrates Saltwater Invertebrates

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Turf grasses

1.4 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 FL turf <0.01 <0.01

Not

calculable:

Non

definitive

acute

toxicity

endpoint Not

calculable:

No chronic

toxicity

endpoint;

application

of a

freshwater

invertebrates

ACR not

possible PA turf <0.01 0.01

FL turf <0.01 <0.01

PA turf <0.01 0.01

Sorghum

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

0.245 lb ai/A x 3 KS sorghum (postplant) 0.01 0.01

KS sorghum (preplant) 0.01 0.01

Wheat ND wheat (preplant spring) 0.01 0.01

ND wheat (preplant winter) 0.01 0.01

Rangeland / Pasture FL turf <0.01 <0.01

PA turf <0.01 <0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.01 0.01

Rights

- of

- way/

fencerows /hedgerows

1.5 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 CArightofwayRLF_v2 <0.01 0.01

CArightofwayRLF_v2 <0.01 0.01

Grass grown for seed ORgrassseed <0.01 0.01

Fallow land FL turf <0.01 <0.01

PA turf <0.01 0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 <0.01 0.01

Grass forage /fodder /

hay FL turf <0.01 0.01

PA turf <0.01 0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 <0.01 0.01

Low growing berry

(except cranberry and

strawberry) ORberriesOP <0.01 <0.01

Rhubarb CA cole crop RLF_v2 0.01 0.01

CA lettuce <0.01 0.01

Cranberry Provisional Cranberry Model 0.01 0.01

Rice Tier I Rice Model 0.02 0.03

### 90 Table F

- 5. Aquatic Invertebrate Risk Quotients (RQs)

Use Scenario Freshwater

Invertebrates Saltwater Invertebrates

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Turf grasses

1.4 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2

Not

calculable:

Non

definitive

acute

toxicity

endpoint Not

calculable:

No chronic

toxicity

endpoint;

application

of a

freshwater

invertebrate

ACR not

possible FL turf 0.01 <0.01

PA turf 0.01 <0.01

FL turf 0.01 <0.01

PA turf 0.01 <0.01

Sorghum

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

0.245 lb ai/A x 3 KS sorghum (postplant) 0.02 <0.01

KS sorghum (preplant) 0.01 <0.01

Wheat ND wheat (preplant spring) 0.02 <0.01

ND wheat (preplant winter) 0.02 <0.01

Rangeland / Pasture FL turf 0.01 <0.01

PA turf 0.01 <0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.02 <0.01

Rights

- of

- way/

fencerows /hedgerows

1.5 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 CArightofwayRLF_v2 0.01 <0.01

CArightofwayRLF_v2 0.01 <0.01

Grass grown for seed ORgrassseed 0.01 <0.01

Fallow land FL turf 0.01 <0.01

PA turf 0.01 <0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.01 <0.01

Grass forage /fodder /

hay FL turf 0.01 <0.01

PA turf 0.01 <0.01

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.02 <0.01

Low growing berry

(except cranberry and

strawberry) ORberriesOP <0.01 <0.01

Rhubarb CA cole crop RLF_v2 0.02 <0.01

CA lettuce 0.02 <0.01

Cranberry Provisional Cranberry Model 0.01 <0.01

Rice Tier I Rice Model 0.05 0.01

### 91 Table F

- 6

. Aquatic Plant Risk Quotients (RQs)

Use Scenario Non

- Vascular Aquatic

Plants Vascular Aquatic Plants

Non

Listed

Species Listed

Species Non

Listed

Species Listed

Species

Turf grasses

1.4 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2

Non

calculable:

Non

definitive

EC 50 endpoint Non

calculable:

Non

definitive

EC 50 endpoint FL turf 0.14 0.14

PA turf 0.19 0.19

FL turf 0.14 0.14

PA turf 0.23 0.23

Sorghum

0.375 lb ai/A x 2

0.245 lb ai/A x 3 KS sorghum (postplant) 0.37 0.37

KS sorghum (preplant) 0.32 0.32

Wheat ND wheat (preplant spring) 0.37 0.37

ND wheat (preplant winter) 0.43 0.43

Rangeland / Pasture FL turf 0.16 0.16

PA turf 0.19 0.19

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.37 0.37

Rights

- of

- way/

fencerows /hedgerows

1.5 lb ai/A x 1

0.76 lb ai/A x 2 CArightofwayRLF_v2 0.26 0.26

CArightofwayRLF_v2 0.26 0.26

Grass grown for seed ORgrassseed 0.22 0.22

Fallow land FL turf 0.15 0.15

PA turf 0.16 0.16

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.30 0.30

Grass forage /fodder /

hay FL turf 0.16 0.16

PA turf 0.17 0.17

CArangelandhayRLF_v2 0.37 0.37

Low growing berry

(except cranberry and

strawberry) ORberriesOP 0.03 0.03

Rhubarb CA cole crop RLF_v2 0.39 0.39

CA lettuce 0.29 0.29

Cranberry Provisional Cranberry Model 0.33 0.33

Rice Tier I Rice Model 1.02^ 1.02^

^ exceeds aquatic plant LOC (=1)

### 92 

## Appendix G: Calculations for Minimum Irrigation Rate Needed for

Terrestrial Plant LOC Exceedance

The application rate of quinclorac as a result of applying quinclorac

- contaminated irrigation

water is determined as follows:

Aquatic EEC (μg ai/L) x Volume (L/A) x 0.0000000022 lb/μg = Rate on F ield (lb ai/A)

W

here :

Aquatic EEC = concen tration of quinclorac in water

Volume = volume of water

Rate on F ield = concentration of quinclorac applied

The minim um irrigation rate per acre in inches needed to trigger a terrestrial plant LOC

exceedance for each use can be determined by first substituting the quinclorac concentration in

ground water for the “Aquat ic EEC” term and toxicity endpoints ( i.e.

, EC 25 

### ’ s for VV and SE

endpoint s for monocots and dicots ) for the “Rate on F ield ” term and then solving for the

“Volume” (L/A) term

. Next the value of the “Volume” term is substituted in to the following

equations:

a) L water/A = kg water/A

b) inches = kg water/A x lb/0.45359 kg x A/4360 ft 2 

### x ft 3 

### /62.36 lb x 12 inches/ft

### 93 

## Appendix H: Listed Species Analysis

Based on the following crops: Alfalfa hay, Blueberries

- tame, Blueberries

- wild, Cranberries, Cropland in cultivated summer fallow,

Cropland used only for pasture or grazing, Field and grass seed crops

- all, Forage

- land used for all hay/haylage grass silage, Hay

- all

hay including alfalfa other tame small grain, Haylage (grass silage and greenchop), Haylage or greenchop from alfalfa or alfa lfa

mixtures, Hay

- wild dry, Other haylage grass silage and greenchop, Other tame hay, Permanent pasture and rangeland, othe r than

cropland, Rhubarb, Rice, Rice

- wild, Small grain hay, Sod harvested (in the open), Sorghum for grain, Sorghum for silage or

greenchop, Sorghum for syrup, Wheatgrass seed, Wheat

- all, Wheat

- durum, Wheat

- spring (other), Wheat

- winter

Table H

- 1. “No Eff ects” (Direct and Indirect Effects) Determination for Listed Species Outside the Geographical Range of

Quinclorac Uses

FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon

D00D Coqui, Golden Eleutherodactylus jasperi Amphibian

D03V Llanero coqui Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi Amphibian

B006 Duck, Laysan Anas laysanensis Bird

B009 Finch, Laysan Telespyza cantans Bird

B00A Finch, Nihoa Telespyza ultima Bird

B00G Millerbird, Nihoa Acrocephalus familiaris kingi Bird

B00T Megapode, Micronesian (La Perouse's) Megapodius laperouse Bird

B00X Starling, Ponape Mountain Aplonis pelzelni Bird

B03N White

- eye, Ponape greater Rukia longirostra Bird

B043 Warbler, nightingale reed (old world warbler) Acrocephalus luscinia Bird

B04E Thrush, Molokai (Oloma'o) Myadestes lanaiensis rutha Bird

B04H Creeper, Molokai (Kakawahie) Paroreomyza flammea Bird

B065 White

- eye, Rota Bridled Zosterops rotensis Bird

B08Z Eider, Spectacled Somateria fischeri Bird

K004 Amphipod, Hay's Spring Stygobromus hayi Crustacean

Q01G Amaranthus brownii (ncn) Amaranthus brownii Dicot

Q11Y Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) Labordia triflora Dicot

Q1N2 Schiedea sarmentosa (ncn) Schiedea sarmentosa Dicot

Q1N3 Schiedea verticillata (ncn) Schiedea verticillata Dicot

Q1SJ Abutilon eremitopetalum (ncn) Abutilon eremitopetalum Dicot

Q1T0 Manzanita, Presidio (=Raven's) Arctostaphylos hookeri var. ravenii Dicot

### 94 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon

Q1TN Ko'oko'olau (Bidens wiebkei) Bidens wiebkei Dicot

Q1TX 'Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) Canavalia molokaiensis Dicot

Q1XQ Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Kokia drynarioides Dicot

Q1ZB Alani (Melicope reflexa) Melicope reflexa Dicot

Q1Z4 Alani (Melicope munroi) Melicope munroi Dicot

Q206 Ulihi (Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis Dicot

Q21N Silene alexandri (ncn) Silene alexandri Dicot

Q23V Viola lanaiensis (ncn) Viola lanaiensis Dicot

Q26J Capa Rosa Callicarpa ampla Dicot

Q26L Calyptranthes Thomasiana (ncn) Calyptranthes thomasiana Dicot

Q27R Higuero De Sierra Crescentia portoricensis Dicot

Q2BC Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus Dicot

Q2BO Holly, Cook's Ilex cookii Dicot

Q2C4 Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis Dicot

Q2DQ Mitracarpus Maxwelliae Mitracarpus maxwelliae Dicot

Q2DR Mitracarpus Polycladus Mitracarpus polycladus Dicot

Q2JL Palo CO (Ternstroemia luquillensis) Ternstroemia luquillensis Dicot

Q2R6 Palo de Jazmin Styrax portoricensis Dicot

Q2SU Haha (Cyanea Macrostegia var. gibsonii) Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii Dicot

Q2TT Gesneria pauciflora (ncn) Gesneria pauciflora Dicot

Q2VY Schiedea lydgatei (ncn) Schiedea lydgatei Dicot

Q318 'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis Dicot

Q31L Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) Cyanea dunbarii Dicot

Q31P Haha (Cyanea mannii) Cyanea mannii Dicot

Q31S Haha (Cyanea procera) Cyanea procera Dicot

Q33Y Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi Dicot

Q34N Walnut, Nogal Juglans jamaicensis Dicot

Q34P hulumoa Korthalsella degeneri Dicot

Q34Y Leptocereus grantianus (ncn) Leptocereus grantianus Dicot

Q35K Lysimachia maxima (ncn) Lysimachia maxima Dicot

Q39K Stenogyne bifida (ncn) Stenogyne bifida Dicot

Q3AB Ilex sintenisii (ncn) Ilex sintenisii Dicot

Q3GX Kanaloa kahoolawensis (ncn) Kanaloa kahoolawensis Dicot

Q3GY Nesogenes rotensis (ncn) Nesogenes rotensis Dicot

Q3GZ Osmoxylon mariannense (ncn) Osmoxylon mariannense Dicot

S00V Fern, Aleutian Shield Polystichum aleuticum Ferns

### 95 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon

S01J Tree Fern, Elfin Cyathea dryopteroides Ferns

S01O Fern, Adiantum vivesii Adiantum vivesii Ferns

S01U Fern, Elaphoglossum serpens Elaphoglossum serpens Ferns

S01V Polystichum calderonense (ncn) Polystichum calderonense Ferns

S01Y Fern, Thelypteris inabonensis Thelypteris inabonensis Ferns

S020 Fern, Thelypteris yaucoensis Thelypteris yaucoensis Ferns

E0A7 Sturgeon, Atlantic Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Fish

E0BJ Pacific Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus Fish

E0BM Rockfish, Yelloweye Sebastes ruberrimus Fish

F079 Rockfish, Canary Sebastes pinniger Fish

I0QX Hawaii an picture

- wing Fly Drosophila sharpi Insect

A033 Dugong Dugong dugon Mammal

A0IJ Bear, polar Ursus maritimus Mammal

A0J0 Seal, bearded (Atlantic) Erignathus barbatus barbatus Mammal

A0K5 Seal, ringed (Arctic) Phoca hispida hispida Mammal

A0K6 Seal, ringed (Okhotsk) Phoca hispida ochotensis Mammal

A0K7 Seal, ringed (Baltic) Phoca hispida botnica Mammal

A0K8 Seal, ringed (Ladoga) Phoca hispida ladogensis Mammal

A0K9 Seal, bearded (Pacific) Erignathus barbatus nauticus Mammal

Q1JK Wahane (Pritchardia aylmer

- robinsonii) Pritchardia aylmer

- robinsonii Monocot

Q1JS Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) Pritchardia remota Monocot

Q1WI Gahnia Lanaiensis (ncn) Gahnia lanaiensis Monocot

Q20W Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) Pritchardia munroi Monocot

Q2GJ hala pepe Pleomele forbesii Monocot

Q3A8 Cranichis Ricartii Cranichis ricartii Monocot

C01O Anole, Culebra Island Giant Anolis roosevelti Reptile

C01P Lizard, St. Croix Ground Ameiva polops Reptile

C01Q Boa, Mona Epicrates monensis monensis Reptile

C01R Iguana, Mona Ground Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri Reptile

C038 Gecko, Monito Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Reptile

### 96 Table H

- 3. Listed Species Within Geographical Range of Quinclorac Uses that Require Additional Information for Effects

Calls

FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

D042 Salamander, Reticulated flatwoods Ambystoma bishopi Amphibian FL

, GA

D01T Salamander, California Tiger Ambystoma californiense Amphibian CA

D013 Salamander, Frosted Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum Amphibian AL

, FL

, GA

, SC

D000 Salamander, Santa Cruz Long

- toed Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum Amphibian CA

D01H Salamander, Sonora Tiger Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi Amphibian AZ

D005 Salamander, Desert Slender Batrachoseps aridus Amphibian CA

D01R Toad, Wyoming Bufo baxteri (=hemiophrys) Amphibian WY

D020 Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Bufo californicus (=microscaphus) Amphibian CA

D004 Toad, Houston Bufo houstonensis Amphibian TX

D032 Ozark Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi Amphibian AR

, MO

D00X Guajon Eleutherodactylus cooki Amphibian Puerto Rico

D00I Salamander, San Marcos Eurycea nana Amphibian TX

D010 Salamander, Barton Springs Eurycea sosorum Amphibian TX

D00M Toad, Puerto Rican Crested Peltophryne lemur Amphibian Puerto Rico

D00C Salamander, Red Hills Phaeognathus hubrichti Amphibian AL

D011 Salamander, Cheat Mountain Plethodon nettingi Amphibian West VA

D01G Salamander, Shenandoah Plethodon shenandoah Amphibian VA

D02D Frog, California Red

- legged Rana aurora draytonii Amphibian CA

D031 Frog, Dusky Gopher ( Mississippi DPS) Rana capito sevosa Amphibian MS

D02F Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Rana chiricahuensis Amphibian AZ

, NM

D02H Frog, Mountain Yellow

- legged Rana muscosa Amphibian CA

D001 Salamander, Texas Blind Typhlomolge rathbuni Amphibian TX

J000 Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Adelocosa anops Arachnid HI

J01A Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave Cicurina baronia Arachnid TX

J019 Meshweaver, Madla's Cave Cicurina madla Arachnid TX

J01D Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave Cicurina venii Arachnid TX

J01B Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat Cave Cicurina vespera Arachnid TX

J00B Spider, Tooth Cave Leptoneta myopica Arachnid TX

J014 Spider, Spruce

- fir Moss Microhexura montivaga Arachnid NC

, TN

, VA

J018 Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave Neoleptoneta microps Arachnid TX

J00A Pseudoscorpion, Tooth Cave Tartarocreagris texana Arachnid TX

J016 Harvestman, Cokendolpher Cave Texella cokendolpheri Arachnid TX

J008 Harvestman, Bee Creek Cave Texella reddelli Arachnid TX

### 97 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

J009 Harvestman, Bone Cave Texella reyesi Arachnid TX

B06Z Hawk, Puerto Rican Sharp

- shinned Accipiter striatus venator Bird Puerto Rico

B091 Swiftlet, Mariana Gray (=Vanikoro) Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi Bird HI

B05T Blackbird, Yellow

- shouldered Agelaius xanthomus Bird Puerto Rico

B00L Parrot, Puerto Rican Amazona vittata Bird Puerto Rico

B00Q Sparrow, Cape Sable Seaside Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis Bird FL

B07G Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper Ammodramus savannarum Florida nus Bird FL

B05S Sparrow, San Clemente Sage Amphispiza belli clementeae Bird CA

B005 Duck, Hawaii an (Koloa) Anas wyvilliana Bird HI

B082 Scrub

- Jay, Florida Aphelocoma coerulescens Bird FL

B08C Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus Bird CA

, OR

, WA

B00C Goose, Hawaii an (Nene) Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis Bird HI

B06Y Hawk, Puerto Rican Broad

- winged Buteo platypterus brunnescens Bird Puerto Rico

B00D Hawk, Hawaii an (Io) Buteo solitarius Bird HI

B03Q Woodpecker, Ivory

- billed Campephilus principalis Bird AR

, FL

, KY

B04J Nightjar, Puerto Rico Caprimulgus noctitherus Bird Puerto Rico

B07C Plover, Western Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus Bird CA

, OR

, WA

B079 Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus Bird AL

, CO

, CT

, DE

, FL

, GA

, IL

, IA

, KS

, KY

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MI

, MN

, MS

, MT

, NE

, NH

, NJ

, NM

, NY

, NC

, ND

, OH

, OK

, PA , Puerto Rico, RI

, SC

, SD

, TX

, VA

, WI

, WY

B0 Alabama Elepaio, Oahu Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis Bird HI

B00Z Bobwhite, Masked Colinus Virginia nus ridgwayi Bird AZ

B049 Pigeon, Puerto Rican Plain Columba inornata wetmorei Bird Puerto Rico

B004 Crow, Hawaii an ('Alala) Corvus Hawaii ensis Bird HI

B05X Crow, Mariana Corvus kubaryi Bird Guam

B07W Warbler (=Wood), Golden

- cheeked Dendroica chrysoparia Bird TX

B03I Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii Bird FL

, GA

, KY

, MI

, SC

, WI

B094 Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus Bird AZ

, CA

, CO

, NV

, NM

, TX

, UT

B06V Falcon, Northern Aplomado Falco femoralis septentrionalis Bird AZ

, NM

, TX

B04G Coot, Hawaii an (=Alae keo keo) Fulica americana alai Bird HI

B062 Moorhen, Mariana Common Gallinula chloropus guami Bird Guam

B00H Moorhen, Hawaii an Common Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis Bird HI

### 98 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

B003 Crane, Whooping Grus americana Bird CO

, FL

, KS

, MT

, NE

, ND

, OK

, SD

, TX

, WY

B04I Crane, Mississippi Sandhill Grus canadensis pulla Bird MS

, TX

B002 Condor, California Gymnogyps California nus Bird AZ

, CA

, UT

B061 Kingfisher, Guam Micronesian Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina Bird Guam

B048m Nuku Pu'u, Maui Hemignathus lucidus affinus Bird HI

B048k Nuku Pu'u, Kauai Hemignathus lucidus hanapepe Bird HI

B001 'Akia Pola'au (Hemignathus munroi) Hemignathus munroi Bird HI

B000 'Akia Loa, Kauai (Hemignathus procerus) Hemignathus procerus Bird HI

B04C Stilt, Hawaii an (=Ae'o) Himantopus mexicanus knudseni Bird HI

B05R Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Bird CA

B00K Palila Loxioides bailleui Bird HI

B0AF Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris Bird HI

B044 'Akepa, Hawaii Loxops coccineus coccineus Bird HI

B045 'Akepa, Maui Loxops coccineus ochraceus Bird HI

B04N Po'ouli Melamprosops phaeosoma Bird HI

B00I 'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Moho braccatus Bird HI

B04D Thrush, Large Kauai Myadestes myadestinus Bird HI

B00S Thrush, Small Kauai (Puaiohi) Myadestes palmeri Bird HI

B06O Stork, Wood Mycteria americana Bird AL

, FL

, GA

, NC

, SC

, TN

B01A Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis Bird AK

, NE

, OK

, SD

, TX

B0AI Kauai creeper Oreomystis bairdi Bird HI

B04M Creeper, Hawaii Oreomystis mana Bird HI

B00E Honeycreeper, Crested ('Akohekohe) Palmeria dolei Bird HI

B046 Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) Paroreomyza maculata Bird HI

B00Y Albatross, Short

- tailed Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus Bird AK

, CA

, OR

, WA

B04F Woodpecker, Red

- cockaded Picoides borealis Bird AL

, AR

, FL

, GA

, KY

, LA

, MS

, NC

, OK

, SC

, TN

, TX

, VA

B07Q Towhee, Inyo Brown Pipilo crissalis eremophilus Bird CA

B08X Gnatcatcher, Coastal California Polioptila californica californica Bird CA

B06Q Caracara, Audubon's Crested Polyborus plancus audubonii Bird FL

B090 Eider, Steller's Polysticta stelleri Bird AK

B00M Parrotbill, Maui Pseudonestor xanthophrys Bird HI

B00J 'O'u (Honeycreeper) Psittirostra psittacea Bird HI

B00N Petrel, Hawaii an Dark

- rumped Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis Bird HI

### 99 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

B04O Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's Puffinus auricularis newelli Bird HI

B04B Rail, Light

- footed Clapper Rallus longirostris levipes Bird CA

B04A Rail, California Clapper Rallus longirostris obsoletus Bird CA

B00P Rail, Yuma Clapper Rallus longirostris yumanensis Bird AZ

, CA

, NV

B063 Rail, Guam Rallus owstoni Bird Guam

B00F Kite, Everglades Snail Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Bird FL

B07N Tern, Interior (population) Least Sterna antillarum Bird AL

, AR

, CO

, IL

, IN

, IA

, KS

, KY

, LA

, MS

, MO

, MT

, NE

, NM

, ND

, OK

, SD

, TN

, TX

, WY

B03X Tern, California Least Sterna antillarum browni Bird CA

B07O Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii Bird CT

, FL

, GA

, ME

, MA

, NJ

, NY

, NC , Puerto Rico, RI

, SC

, VA

B08B Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina Bird CA

, OR

, WA

, B074 Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida Bird AZ

, CO

, NM

, TX

, UT

B00O Prairie

- chicken, Attwater's Greater Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Bird TX

B03G Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii Bird AR

, FL

, GA

, KY

, SC

B07T Vireo, Black

- capped Vireo atricapilla Bird OK

, TX

B067 Vireo, Least Bell's Vireo bellii pusillus Bird CA

B064 White

- eye, Bridled (Nossa) Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus Bird Guam

F01K Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea Bivalve KY

, TN

F029 Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon Bivalve CT

, IA

, MD

, MA

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, PA

, VT

, VA

F01J Elktoe, Appalachian Alasmidonta raveneliana Bivalve NC

, TN

F032 Mussel, Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii Bivalve FL

, GA

F00U Rock

- pocketbook, Ouachita (=Wheeler's pm) Arkansia wheeleri Bivalve AR

, OK

F00X Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta Bivalve AL

, AR

, IL

, IA

, KS

, MN

, MO

, TN

, VA

, WI

F02H Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria Bivalve AL

, IL

, IN

, KY

, OH

, TN

, VA

, West VA

F00K Pearlymussel, Dromedary Dromus dromas Bivalve KY

, TN

, VA

F03O Slabshell, Chipola Elliptio chipolaensis Bivalve FL

F026 Spinymussel, Altamaha Elliptio spinosa Bivalve GA

F015 Spinymussel, Tar River Elliptio steinstansana Bivalve NC

F02E Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus Bivalve AL

, FL

, GA

F01F Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Epioblasma brevidens Bivalve AL

, KY

, MS

, TN

, VA

### 100 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

F01T Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis Bivalve KY

, TN

, VA

F00J Pearlymussel, Curtis' Epioblasma florentina curtisii Bivalve AR

, MO

F005 Pearlymussel, Yellow

- blossom Epioblasma florentina florentina Bivalve KY

, TN

F010 Riffleshell, Tan Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri) Bivalve KY

, NC

, TN

, VA

F02F Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F006 Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Epioblasma obliquata obliquata Bivalve KY

, OH

, TN

F007 Pearlymussel, White Cat's Paw Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua Bivalve IN

, OH

F02D Mussel, Acornshell Southern Epioblasma othcaloogensis Bivalve AL

, GA

F012 Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel) Epioblasma penita Bivalve AL

, MS

F002 Pearlymussel, Green

- blossom Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum Bivalve TN

, VA

F02Z Riffleshell, Northern Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Bivalve IN

, KY

, MI

, OH

, PA , West

VA

F003 Pearlymussel, Tubercled

- blossom Epioblasma torulosa torulosa Bivalve KY

, TN , West VA

F03J Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra Bivalve AL

, AR

, IL

, IN

, KY

, MI

, MN

, MS

, MO

, OH

, PA

, TN

, VA

, West VA

, WI

F004 Pearlymussel, Turgid

- blossom Epioblasma turgidula Bivalve AL

, AR

, TN

F03W Tapered Pigtoe Fusconaia burkei Bivalve AL

, FL

F00Q Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor Bivalve AL

, TN

, VA

F00O Mussel, Fine

- rayed Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus Bivalve AL

, TN

, VA

F02T Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia Bivalve AL

, FL

F02G Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata Bivalve AL

, FL

F030 Southern Sandshell Hamiota australis Bivalve AL

, FL

F01X Pearlymussel, Cracking Hemistena lata Bivalve AL

, KY

, TN

, VA

F00G Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta Bivalve AL

, AR

, IL

, IN

, KY

, LA

, MO

, OH

, TN

, VA , West VA

F02X Mussel, Fine

- lined Pocketbook Lampsilis altilis Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F009 Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Lampsilis higginsii Bivalve IL

, IA

, MN

, MO

, SD

, WI

F01S Mucket, Orange

- nacre Lampsilis perovalis Bivalve AL

, MS

F02I Fatmucket, AR Lampsilis powelli Bivalve AR

F020 Mussel, Speckled Pocketbook Lampsilis streckeri Bivalve AR

F02Y Mussel, Shiny

- rayed Pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata Bivalve AL

, FL

, GA

F00A Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp Lampsilis virescens Bivalve AL

, TN

F02L Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina Lasmigona decorata Bivalve NC

, SC

F00I Pearlymussel, Birdwing Lemiox rimosus Bivalve TN

, VA

F00W Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon Bivalve AR

, MO

, OK

, SD

### 101 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

F02C Pearlshell, Louisianna Margaritifera hembeli Bivalve LA

F01W Alabama pearlshell Margaritifera marrianae Bivalve AL

F038 Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus Bivalve AL

, GA

, MS

, TN

F039 Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Medionidus parvulus Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F03M Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus Bivalve AL

, FL

, GA

F03N Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus Bivalve FL

, GA

F00S Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Obovaria retusa Bivalve AL

, KY

, TN

F00L Pearlymussel, Little

- wing Pegias fabula Bivalve KY

, NC

, TN

, VA

F00M Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Plethobasus cicatricosus Bivalve AL

, KY

, TN

F00R Pearlymussel, Orange

- footed Plethobasus cooperianus Bivalve AL

, IL

, KY

, TN

F046 Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus Bivalve AL

, IL

, IN

, IA

, KY

, MN

, MO

, OH

, PA

, TN

, VA

, WI

F01D Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava Bivalve IL

, IN

, KY

, MI

, NY

, OH

, PA

, TN , West VA

F025 Spinymussel, James River Pleurobema collina Bivalve NC

, VA , West VA

F011 Mussel, Black (=Curtus' Mussel) Clubshell Pleurobema curtum Bivalve MS

F036 Mussel, Southern Clubshell Pleurobema decisum Bivalve AL

, GA

, MS

F03A Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Pleurobema furvum Bivalve AL

F03B Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Pleurobema GA num Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F033 Mussel, Cumberland Pigtoe Pleurobema gibberum Bivalve TN

F03Z Mussel, GA pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F013 Mussel, Flat Pigtoe (=Marshall's Mussel) Pleurobema marshalli Bivalve AL

F035 Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum Bivalve AL

, GA

, MS

, TN

F00P Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum Bivalve AL

, IN

, KY

, TN

, VA

F02S Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme Bivalve AL

, FL

, GA

F03V fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum Bivalve AL

, FL

F014 Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Pleurobema taitianum Bivalve AL

, MS

F00T Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Potamilus capax Bivalve AR

, IL

, IN

, KY

, MS

, MO

F01O Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Potamilus inflatus Bivalve AL

, LA

, MS

F037 Kidneyshell, Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii Bivalve AL

, GA

, TN

F02N Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi Bivalve AL

, FL

F00V Rabbitsfoot, Rough Quadrula cylindrica strigillata Bivalve TN

, VA

F00C Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa Bivalve AR

, KY

, MN

, MO

, OK

, WI

F00E Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Quadrula intermedia Bivalve AL

, TN

, VA

F00D Pearlymussel, Appalachian Monkeyface Quadrula sparsa Bivalve KY

, TN

, VA

F027 Stirrupshell Quadrula stapes Bivalve AL

### 102 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

F00B Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Toxolasma cylindrellus Bivalve AL

, TN

F01B Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis Bivalve AL

, FL

F01A Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis Bivalve IN

, MI

, NY

, OH

, PA

, VA

F001 Purple Bean Villosa perpurpurea Bivalve TN

, VA

F000 Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis Bivalve KY

, NC

, TN

, VA

R005 Cypress, Santa Cruz Cupressus abramsiana Conf/cycds CA

R00A Cypress, Gowen Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana Conf/cycds CA

R006 Torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia Conf/cycds FL

, GA

P000 Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis Coral FL , Puerto Rico

P001 Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata Coral FL , Puerto Rico

K008 Isopod, Madison Cave Antrolana lira Crustacean VA , West VA

K03D Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy Branchinecta conservatio Crustacean CA

K03E Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Branchinecta longiantenna Crustacean CA

K03G Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Branchinecta lynchi Crustacean CA

, OR

K049 Fairy Shrimp, San Diego Branchinecta sandiegonensis Crustacean CA

K02J Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus aculabrum) Cambarus aculabrum Crustacean AR

K02H Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus zophonastes) Cambarus zophonastes Crustacean AR

K021 Amphipod, Illinois Cave Gammarus acherondytes Crustacean IL

K023 Amphipod, Noel's Gammarus desperatus Crustacean NM

K048 Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool Lepidurus packardi Crustacean CA

K02C Isopod, Lee County Cave Lirceus usdagalun Crustacean VA

K01S Crayfish, Nashville Orconectes shoupi Crustacean TN

K01U Crayfish, Shasta Pacifastacus fortis Crustacean CA

K02F Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave Palaemonetes cummingi Crustacean FL

K01V Shrimp, Alabama Cave Palaemonias Alabama e Crustacean AL

K01X Shrimp, Kentucky Cave Palaemonias ganteri Crustacean KY

K022 Amphipod, Kauai Cave Spelaeorchestia koloana Crustacean HI

K03F Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Streptocephalus woottoni Crustacean CA

K019 Amphipod, Peck's Cave Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki Crustacean TX

K01W Shrimp, California Freshwater Syncaris pacifica Crustacean CA

K01Y Isopod, Socorro Thermosphaeroma thermophilus Crustacean NM

Q24E Sand

- verbena, Large

- fruited Abronia macrocarpa Dicot TX

Q1SK Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon menziesii) Abutilon menziesii Dicot HI

Q1SL Abutilon sandwicense (ncn) Abutilon sandwicense Dicot HI

Q1SM Liliwai (Acaena exigua) Acaena exigua Dicot HI

Q00E Thornmint, San Diego Acanthomintha ilicifolia Dicot CA

### 103 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q24H Thornmint, San Mateo Acanthomintha obovata ssp. duttonii Dicot CA

Q00G Achyranthes mutica (ncn) Achyranthes mutica Dicot HI

Q24I Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata (ncn) Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata Dicot HI

Q1SN Monkshood, Northern Wild Aconitum noveboracense Dicot IA

, NY

, OH

, WI

Q24J Joint

- vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica Dicot MD

, NJ

, NC

, VA

Q24K Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta Dicot CT

, MD

, MA

, NY

, RI

Q1SO Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) Alectryon macrococcus Dicot HI

Q2YL Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) Alsinidendron lychnoides Dicot HI

Q1SQ Alsinidendron obovatum (ncn) Alsinidendron obovatum Dicot HI

Q1SR Alsinidendron trinerve (ncn) Alsinidendron trinerve Dicot HI

Q2X3 Alsinidendron viscosum (ncn) Alsinidendron viscosum Dicot HI

Q2MZ Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus Dicot DE

, MD

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, SC

, VA

Q1SS Ambrosia, South Texas Ambrosia cheiranthifolia Dicot TX

Q01H Ambrosia, San Diego Ambrosia pumila Dicot CA

Q2RI Lead

- plant, Crenulate Amorpha crenulata Dicot FL

Q1ST Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus Dicot AL

, GA

, SC

Q1SU Fiddleneck, Large

- flowered Amsinckia grandiflora Dicot CA

Q24Z Blue

- star, Kearney's Amsonia kearneyana Dicot AZ

Q1SV Cactus, Tobusch Fishhook Ancistrocactus tobuschii Dicot TX

Q1SW Potato

- bean, Price's Apios priceana Dicot AL

, IL

, KY

, MS

, TN

Q02U Rock

- cress, Hoffmann's Arabis hoffmannii Dicot CA

Q1SX Rock

- cress, McDonald's Arabis mcdonaldiana Dicot CA

, OR

Q1SYb Rock

- cress, Braun's Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. ampla

Rollins Dicot TN

Q1SYs Rock

- cress, Small Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. perstellata

Fernald Dicot KY

Q2XA Rock

- cress, Shale Barren Arabis serotina Dicot VA , West VA

Q1SZ Bearclaw poppy, Dwarf Arctomecon humilis Dicot UT

Q037 Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island Arctostaphylos confertiflora Dicot CA

Q25C San Francisco manzanita Arctostaphylos franciscana Dicot CA

Q036 Manzanita, Del Mar Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia Dicot CA

Q259 Manzanita, Morro Arctostaphylos morroensis Dicot CA

Q03G Manzanita, Ione Arctostaphylos myrtifolia Dicot CA

Q03I Manzanita, Pallid Arctostaphylos pallida Dicot CA

Q25F Sandwort, Cumberland Arenaria cumberlandensis Dicot KY

, TN

### 104 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q25H Sandwort, Marsh Arenaria paludicola Dicot CA

, WA

Q03Z Sandwort, Bear Valley Arenaria ursina Dicot CA

Q1T1 Poppy, Sacramento Prickly Argemone pleiacantha ssp. pinnatisecta Dicot NM

Q1T2 Silversword, Ka'u (Argyroxiphium kauense) Argyroxiphium kauense Dicot HI

Q1T3 Silversword, Haleakala ('Ahinahina) Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp.

macrocephalum Dicot HI

Q25I Silversword, Mauna Kea ('Ahinahina) Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp.

sandwicense Dicot HI

Q1T6 Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii Dicot IL

, IN

, IA

, KS

, MO

, WI

Q25M Milkweed, Welsh's Asclepias welshii Dicot AZ

, UT

Q1T7 Pawpaw, Four

- petal Asimina tetramera Dicot FL

Q2Z7 Milk

- vetch, Cushenbury Astragalus albens Dicot CA

Q2ZA Milk

- vetch, Shivwits Astragalus ampullarioides Dicot UT

Q25T Milk

- vetch, Applegate's Astragalus applegatei Dicot CA

, OR

Q2Z8 Ground

- plum, Guthrie's Astragalus bibullatus Dicot TN

Q05E Milk

- vetch, Braunton's Astragalus brauntonii Dicot CA

Q05J Milk

- vetch, Clara Hunt's Astragalus clarianus Dicot CA

Q1T8 Milk

- vetch, Sentry Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax Dicot AZ

Q05R Milk

- vetch, Deseret Astragalus desereticus Dicot UT

Q2NC Milk

- vetch, Holmgren Astragalus holmgreniorum Dicot AZ

, UT

Q1T9 Milk

- vetch, Mancos Astragalus humillimus Dicot CO

, NM

Q064 Milk

- vetch, Lane Mountain Astragalus jaegerianus Dicot CA

Q25Y Milk

- vetch, Coachella Valley Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae Dicot CA

Q25Z Milk

- vetch, Fish Slough Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis Dicot CA

Q2ND Milk

- vetch, Pierson's Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii Dicot CA

Q260 Milk

- vetch, Heliotrope Astragalus montii Dicot UT

Q1TA Milk

- vetch, Osterhout Astragalus osterhoutii Dicot CO

Q1TB Milk

- vetch, Ash Meadows Astragalus phoenix Dicot NV

Q076 Milk

- vetch, Ventura Marsh Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus Dicot CA

Q1TC Milk

- vetch, Jesup's Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi Dicot NH

, VT

Q07J Milk

- vetch, Coastal Dunes Astragalus tener var. titi Dicot CA

Q2ZO Milk

- vetch, Triple

- ribbed Astragalus tricarinatus Dicot CA

Q07V Cactus, Star Astrophytum asterias Dicot TX

Q2ZR Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley Atriplex coronata var. notatior Dicot CA

Q2ZU Auerodendron pauciflorum (ncn) Auerodendron pauciflorum Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2XW Ayenia, Texas Ayenia limitaris Dicot TX

### 105 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q264 Baccharis, Encinitas Baccharis vanessae Dicot CA

Q266 Palo de Ramon Banara vanderbiltii Dicot Puerto Rico

Q1TD Rattleweed, Hairy Baptisia arachnifera Dicot GA

Q08G Barberry, Nevin's Berberis nevinii Dicot CA

Q08H Barberry, Island Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis Dicot CA

Q1TG Birch, Virginia Round

- leaf Betula uber Dicot VA

Q3HE ko`oko`olau Bidens amplectens Dicot HI

Q1TK Ko'oko'olau (Bidens micrantha ssp.

kalealaha) Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha Dicot HI

Q1TO Stickyseed, Baker's Blennosperma bakeri Dicot CA

Q26A Aster, Decurrent False Boltonia decurrens Dicot IL

, MO

Q26B Bonamia, Florida Bonamia grandiflora Dicot FL

Q1TQ Bonamia menziesii (ncn) Bonamia menziesii Dicot HI

Q1TR 'Olulu (Brighamia insignis) Brighamia insignis Dicot HI

Q1TS Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) Brighamia rockii Dicot HI

Q26G Boxwood, Vahl's Buxus vahlii Dicot Puerto Rico

Q09U Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis) Caesalpinia kavaiense Dicot HI

Q1TT Poppy

- mallow, Texas Callirhoe scabriuscula Dicot TX

Q0AS Pussypaws, Mariposa Calyptridium pulchellum Dicot CA

Q0AU Morning

- glory, Stebbins Calystegia stebbinsii Dicot CA

Q26O Evening

- primrose, San Benito Camissonia benitensis Dicot CA

Q1TV Bellflower, Brooksville Campanula robinsiae Dicot FL

Q1TY awikiwiki Canavalia napaliensis Dicot HI

Q1U0 Bittercress, Small

- anthered Cardamine micranthera Dicot NC

, VA

Q26R Paintbrush, Tiburon Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta Dicot CA

Q0CG Clover, Fleshy Owl's Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta Dicot CA

Q0CL Paintbrush, Ash

- grey Indian Castilleja cinerea Dicot CA

Q1U2 Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian Castilleja grisea Dicot CA

Q26U Paintbrush, Golden Castilleja levisecta Dicot OR

, WA

Q0D1 Paintbrush, Soft

- leaved Castilleja mollis Dicot CA

Q30M Catesbaea Melanocarpa (ncn) Catesbaea melanocarpa Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2Y8 Jewelflower, California Caulanthus californicus Dicot CA

Q1U3 Ceanothus, Coyote Ceanothus ferrisae Dicot CA

Q3AH Ceanothus, Vail Lake Ceanothus ophiochilus Dicot CA

Q0DK Ceanothus, Pine Hill Ceanothus roderickii Dicot CA

Q1U5 Centaury, Spring

- loving Centaurium namophilum Dicot CA

, NV

### 106 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q30Q 'Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) Centaurium sebaeoides Dicot HI

Q0DQ Mountain

- mahogany, Catalina Island Cercocarpus traskiae Dicot CA

Q1U6 Prickly

- apple, Fragrant Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans Dicot FL

Q26W Chamaecrista glandulosa (ncn) Chamaecrista glandulosa var. mirabilis Dicot Puerto Rico

Q1U7 'Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var.

kaenana) Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana Dicot HI

Q26X Spurge, Deltoid Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea Dicot FL

Q1U8 'Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) Chamaesyce deppeana Dicot HI

Q3HH 'akoko Chamaesyce eleanoriae Dicot HI

Q1U9 Spurge, Garber's Chamaesyce garberi Dicot FL

Q1UA Chamaesyce Halemanui (ncn) Chamaesyce halemanui Dicot HI

Q3GN 'Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) Chamaesyce herbstii Dicot HI

Q0E9 Spurge, Hoover's Chamaesyce hooveri Dicot CA

Q30T 'Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Chamaesyce kuwaleana Dicot HI

Q1UC Akoko Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Dicot HI

Q3GO 'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) Chamaesyce rockii Dicot HI

Q1UE 'Akoko (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var.

skottsbe Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana Dicot HI

Q0EF Papala Charpentiera densiflora Dicot HI

Q26Y Fringe Tree, Pygmy Chionanthus pygmaeus Dicot FL

Q270 Spineflower, Howell's Chorizanthe howellii Dicot CA

Q0EY Spineflower, Orcutt's Chorizanthe orcuttiana Dicot CA

Q30Y Spineflower, Ben Lomond Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana Dicot CA

Q271 Spineflower, Monterey Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens Dicot CA

Q3A9r Spineflower, Robust Chorizanthe robusta va r. robusta Dicot CA

Q3A9s Spineflower, Scotts Valley Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii Dicot CA

Q1UF Spineflower, Sonoma Chorizanthe valida Dicot CA

Q272 Aster, Florida Golden Chrysopsis Florida na Dicot FL

Q1UH Thistle, Fountain Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale Dicot CA

Q1UG Thistle, Chorro creek Bog Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense Dicot CA

Q0FC Thistle, Suisun Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum Dicot CA

Q0FE Thistle, La Graciosa Cirsium loncholepis Dicot CA

Q276 Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri Dicot IL

, IN

, MI

, WI

Q277 Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Cirsium vinaceum Dicot NM

Q1UI Clarkia, Presidio Clarkia franciscana Dicot CA

Q0FO Clarkia, Vine Hill Clarkia imbricata Dicot CA

### 107 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q1UJ Clarkia, Pismo Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata Dicot CA

Q2O6 Clarkia, Springville Clarkia springvillensis Dicot CA

Q315 Leather

- flower, Morefield's Clematis morefieldii Dicot AL

Q2SM Leather

- flower, Alabama Clematis socialis Dicot AL

, GA

Q0G6 'Oha Wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) Clermontia drepanomorpha Dicot HI

Q1UL 'Oha Wai (Clermontia lindseyana) Clermontia lindseyana Dicot HI

Q318 'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp.

mauiensis) Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis Dicot HI

Q1UM 'Oha Wai (Clermontia peleana) Clermontia peleana Dicot HI

Q1UN 'Oha Wai (Clermontia pyrularia) Clermontia pyrularia Dicot HI

Q3H1 'Oha Wai (Clermontia samuelii) Clermontia samuelii Dicot HI

Q27C Wings, Pigeon Clitoria fragrans Dicot FL

Q1UO Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) Colubrina oppositifolia Dicot HI

Q1UP Rosemary, Short

- leaved Conradina brevifolia Dicot FL

Q3AG Rosemary, Etonia Conradina etonia Dicot FL

Q1UQ Rosemary, Apalachicola Conradina glabra Dicot FL

Q1UR Rosemary, Cumberland Conradina verticillata Dicot KY

, TN

Q27F Cordia bellonis (ncn) Cordia bellonis Dicot Puerto Rico

Q1US Bird's

- beak, salt marsh Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus Dicot CA

Q0GT Bird's

- beak, Soft Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis Dicot CA

Q1UT Bird's

- beak, Palmate

- bracted Cordylanthus palmatus Dicot CA

Q2O8 Bird's

- beak, Pennell's Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris Dicot CA

Q27I Palo de Nigua Cornutia obovata Dicot Puerto Rico

Q1UU Cactus, Nellie Cory Coryphantha minima Dicot TX

Q1UV Cactus, Bunched Cory Coryphantha ramillosa Dicot TX

Q27L Cactus, Cochise Pincushion Coryphantha robbinsorum Dicot AZ

Q27M Cactus, Pima Pineapple Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina Dicot AZ

Q1UW Cactus, Lee Pincushion Coryphantha sneedii var. leei Dicot NM

Q1UX Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii Dicot NM

, TX

Q31F Harebells, Avon Park Crotalaria avonensis Dicot FL

Q27U Cat's

- eye, Terlingua Creek Cryptantha crassipes Dicot TX

Q280 Gourd, Okeechobee Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis Dicot FL

Q1V1 Haha (Cyanea Crispa) (=Rollandia crispa) Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa Dicot HI

Q3GJ Haha (Cyanea acuminata) Cyanea acuminata Dicot HI

Q31J Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) Cyanea asarifolia Dicot HI

Q1LP Haha Cyanea calycina Dicot HI

### 108 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q31K Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii Dicot HI

Q3GV Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis Dicot HI

Q3 Mississippi Haha Cyanea dolichopoda Dicot HI

Q3HA haha Cyanea eleeleensis Dicot HI

Q31M Haha (Cyanea glabra) Cyanea glabra Dicot HI

Q1V2 Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana Dicot HI

Q2SR Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae Dicot HI

Q2SS Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. Carlsonii Dicot HI

Q3GW Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora Dicot HI

Q0IN Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) Cyanea humboldtiana Dicot HI

Q3MT (ncn) Cyanea kolekoleensis Dicot HI

Q3GP Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) Cyanea koolauensis Dicot HI

Q3H2 Haha Cyanea kuhihewa Dicot HI

Q0IP Haha Cyanea lanceolata Dicot HI

Q2ST Haha (Cyanea lobata) Cyanea lobata Dicot HI

Q3GQ Haha (Cyanea longiflora) Cyanea longiflora Dicot HI

Q1V3 Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) Cyanea mceldowneyi Dicot HI

Q284 Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) Cyanea pinnatifida Dicot HI

Q285 Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) Cyanea platyphylla Dicot HI

Q1LR haha Cyanea purpurellifolia Dicot HI

Q31V Haha (Cyanea recta) Cyanea recta Dicot HI

Q3GK Haha (Cyanea remyi) Cyanea remyi Dicot HI

Q1V4 Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) Cyanea shipmannii Dicot HI

Q286 Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) Cyanea stictophylla Dicot HI

Q1V5 Haha (Cyanea St

- Johnii) (=Rollandia St

Johnii) Cyanea st

- johnii Dicot HI

Q1V6 Haha (Cyanea superba) Cyanea superba Dicot HI

Q31W Haha (Cyanea truncata) Cyanea truncata Dicot HI

Q31X Cyanea undulata (ncn) Cyanea undulata Dicot HI

Q1V7 Cycladenia, Jones Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis) Dicot AZ

, UT

Q28B Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) Cyrtandra crenata Dicot HI

Q322 Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Cyrtandra cyaneoides Dicot HI

Q0JV Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) Cyrtandra dentata Dicot HI

Q28C Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) Cyrtandra giffardii Dicot HI

Q28D haiwale Cyrtandra gracilis Dicot HI

Q0KJ ha`iwale Cyrtandra kaulantha Dicot HI

### 109 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q326 Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Cyrtandra limahuliensis Dicot HI

Q28I Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) Cyrtandra munroi Dicot HI

Q0KX Ha'iwale (Cyrtandra oenobarba) Cyrtandra oenobarba Dicot HI

Q3MU haiwale Cyrtandra paliku Dicot HI

Q1V8 Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) Cyrtandra polyantha Dicot HI

Q32B ha`iwale Cyrtandra sessilis Dicot HI

Q1V9 Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) Cyrtandra subumbellata Dicot HI

Q32C Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Cyrtandra tintinnabula Dicot HI

Q32D Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) Cyrtandra viridiflora Dicot HI

Q0LK haiwale Cyrtandra waiolani Dicot HI

Q28M Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa Dicot AL

, IL

, TN

Q28N Daphnopsis hellerana (ncn) Daphnopsis hellerana Dicot Puerto Rico

Q28O Pawpaw, Beautiful Deeringothamnus pulchellus Dicot FL

Q28P Pawpaw, Rugel's Deeringothamnus rugelii Dicot FL

Q0YQ Tarplant, Otay Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens Dicot CA

Q340 Tarplant, Gaviota Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa Dicot CA

Q1 Virginia Delissea rhytodisperma (ncn) Delissea rhytidosperma Dicot HI

Q0LV 'Oha (Delissea rivularis) Delissea rivularis Dicot HI

Q1VB 'Oha (Delissea subcordata) Delissea subcordata Dicot HI

Q0LX 'Oha (Delissea undulata) Delissea undulata Dicot HI

Q0LZ Larkspur, Baker's Delphinium bakeri Dicot CA

Q0M2 Larkspur, Yellow Delphinium luteum Dicot CA

Q1VC Larkspur, San Clemente Island Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense Dicot CA

Q2RL Mint, Garrett's Dicerandra christmanii Dicot FL

Q2OH Mint, Longspurred Dicerandra cornutissima Dicot FL

Q1VE Mint, Scrub Dicerandra frutescens Dicot FL

Q1VF Mint, Lakela's Dicerandra immaculata Dicot FL

Q2T6 Spineflower, Slender

- horned Dodecahema leptoceras Dicot CA

Q2T8 Na'ena'e (Dubautia herbstobatae) Dubautia herbstobatae Dicot HI

Q32N na`ena`e Dubautia imbricata imbricata Dicot HI

Q3MV Naenae Dubautia kalalauensis Dicot HI

Q3MW Naenae Dubautia kenwoodii Dicot HI

Q1VK Dubautia latifolia (ncn) Dubautia latifolia Dicot HI

Q32P Dubautia pauciflorula (ncn) Dubautia pauciflorula Dicot HI

Q3H3 na`ena`e Dubautia plantaginea magnifolia Dicot HI

Q32Q Na'ena'e (Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis Dicot HI

### 110 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q0O6 Na`ena`e Dubautia waialealae Dicot HI

Q0O7 Dudleya, Conejo Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva Dicot CA

Q0OC Dudleya, Marcescent Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens Dicot CA

Q3AK Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia Dicot CA

Q0OF Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island Dudleya nesiotica Dicot CA

Q32V Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Dudleya setchellii Dicot CA

Q0OH Liveforever, Laguna Beach Dudleya stolonifera Dicot CA

Q1VT Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island Dudleya traskiae Dicot CA

Q2OM Dudleya, Verity's Dudleya verityi Dicot CA

Q293 Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata Dicot GA

, NC

, SC

, VA

Q1VV Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii Dicot AZ

Q294 Cactus, Chisos Mountain Hedgehog Echinocereus chisoensis var. chisoensis Dicot TX

Q1VW Cactus, Kuenzler Hedgehog Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri Dicot NM

Q1VY Cactus, Black Lace Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii Dicot TX

Q1VZ Cactus, AZ Hedgehog Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus Dicot AZ

Q1W0 Pitaya, Davis' Green Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Dicot TX

Q1W2 Cactus, Lloyd's Mariposa Echinomastus mariposensis Dicot TX

E007 Poolfish, Pahrump (= Pahrump Killifish) Empetrichthys latos Dicot NV

Q297 Sunray, Ash Meadows Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata Dicot NV

Q2TD Mallow, Kern Eremalche kernensis Dicot CA

Q29A Woolly

- star, Santa Ana River Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum Dicot CA

Q2TF Daisy, Willamette Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens Dicot OR

Q29D Daisy, Parish's Erigeron parishii Dicot CA

Q1W4 Fleabane, Zuni Erigeron rhizomatus Dicot AZ

, NM

Q1W5 Mountainbalm, Indian Knob Eriodictyon altissimum Dicot CA

Q0QR Yerba Santa, Lompoc Eriodictyon capitatum Dicot CA

Q0QW Buckwheat, Ione (incl. Irish Hill) Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum) Dicot CA

Q3HN Buckwheat, Umtanum Desert Eriogonum codium Dicot WA

Q1W7 Wild

- buckwheat, Gypsum Eriogonum gypsophilum Dicot NM

Q0S7 Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum Dicot CA

Q29N Buckwheat, Scrub Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium Dicot FL

Q1W8 Buckwheat, Cushenbury Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum Dicot CA

Q2OR Buckwheat, Steamboat Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae Dicot NV

Q29P Wild

- buckwheat, Clay

- loving Eriogonum pelinophilum Dicot CO

Q2TK Sunflower, San Mateo Woolly Eriophyllum latilobum Dicot CA

Q1W9 Button

- celery, San Diego Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii Dicot CA

### 111 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q29S Coyote

- thistle, Loch Lomond Eryngium constancei Dicot CA

Q29T Snakeroot Eryngium cuneifolium Dicot FL

Q1WA Wallflower, Contra Costa Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum Dicot CA

Q29W Wallflower, Menzie's Erysimum menziesii Dicot CA

Q29X Wallflower, Ben Lomond Erysimum teretifolium Dicot CA

Q2A2 Uvillo Eugenia haematocarpa Dicot Puerto Rico

Q33F Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) Eugenia koolauensis Dicot HI

Q3D7 Eugenia Woodburyana Eugenia woodburyana Dicot Puerto Rico

Q0UD 'Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) Euphorbia haeleeleana Dicot HI

Q2A5 Spurge, Telephus Euphorbia telephioides Dicot FL

Q1WG Mustard, Penland Alpine Fen Eutrema penlandii Dicot CO

Q2A6 Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) Exocarpos luteolus Dicot HI

Q33K Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) Flueggea neowawraea Dicot HI

Q1WH Frankenia, Johnston's Frankenia johnstonii Dicot TX

Q0V1 Flannelbush, Pine Hill Fremontodendron californicum ssp.

decumbens Dicot CA

Q2OZ Flannelbush, Mexican Fremontodendron mexicanum Dicot CA

Q2RJ Milkpea, Small's Galactia smallii Dicot FL

Q0VF Bedstraw, Island Galium buxifolium Dicot CA

Q0VG Bedstraw, El Dorado Galium californicum ssp. sierrae Dicot CA

Q1WJ Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) Gardenia brighamii Dicot HI

Q3GR Nanu (Gardenia mannii) Gardenia mannii Dicot HI

Q0VV Butterfly Plant, CO Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis Dicot CO

, NE

, WY

Q1WK Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum Dicot AR

, LA

, MO

, TX

Q1WL Geranium, Hawaii an Red

- flowered Geranium arboreum Dicot HI

Q33O nohoanu Geranium kauaiense Dicot HI

Q2AI Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) Geranium multiflorum Dicot HI

Q1WM Avens, Spreading Geum radiatum Dicot NC

, TN

Q2AJ Gilia, Monterey Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria Dicot CA

Q0WC Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender

- flowered Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii Dicot CA

Q2 Alabama Goetzea, Beautiful (Matabuey) Goetzea elegans Dicot Puerto Rico

Q1WP Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) Gouania hillebrandii Dicot HI

Q1WQ Gouania meyenii (ncn) Gouania meyenii Dicot HI

Q1WR Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Gouania vitifolia Dicot HI

Q2AM Gumplant, Ash Meadows Grindelia fraxino

- pratensis Dicot CA

, NV

Q0XA Stickseed, Showy Hackelia venusta Dicot WA

### 112 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q1WW Haplostachys Haplostachya (ncn) Haplostachys haplostachya Dicot HI

Q2AX Chumbo, Higo Harrisia portoricensis Dicot Puerto Rico

Q24C Pennyroyal, Todsen's Hedeoma todsenii Dicot NM

Q1WY 'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) Hedyotis cookiana Dicot HI

Q1WZ Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) Hedyotis coriacea Dicot HI

Q1X0 Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) Hedyotis degeneri Dicot HI

Q1X1 Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Hedyotis mannii Dicot HI

Q1X2 Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Hedyotis parvula Dicot HI

Q2B3 Bluet, Roan Mountain Hedyotis purpurea var. MT Dicot NC

, TN

Q1X5 Hedyotis St.

- Johnii (ncn) Hedyotis st.

- johnii Dicot HI

Q2P9 Sneezeweed, Virginia Helenium virginicum Dicot MO

, VA

Q0YA Rush

- rose, Island Helianthemum greenei Dicot CA

Q0YJ Sunflower, Pecos Helianthus paradoxus Dicot NM

, TX

Q2B7 Sunflower, Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii Dicot NC

, SC

, VA

Q1X6 Dwarf

- flax, Marin Hesperolinon congestum Dicot CA

Q1X7 Hesperomannia arborescens (ncn) Hesperomannia arborescens Dicot HI

Q1X8 Hesperomannia arbuscula (ncn) Hesperomannia arbuscula Dicot HI

Q1X9 Hesperomannia lydgatei (ncn) Hesperomannia lydgatei Dicot HI

Q1XA Heartleaf, Dwarf

- flowered Hexastylis naniflora Dicot NC

, SC

Q1XB Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) Hibiscadelphus distans Dicot HI

Q0ZE Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus giffardianus) Hibiscadelphus giffardianus Dicot HI

Q0ZF Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis) Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis Dicot HI

Q3GL Hau Kauhiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodi) Hibiscadelphus woodii Dicot HI

Q1XE Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) Hibiscus brackenridgei Dicot HI

Q1XF Hibiscus, Clay's Hibiscus clayi Dicot HI

Q1XG Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp.

hannerae) Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae Dicot HI

Q1XI Rush

- pea, Slender Hoffmannseggia tenella Dicot TX

Q0ZL Tarplant, Santa Cruz Holocarpha macradenia Dicot CA

Q2RM Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis Dicot CA

, ID

, MT

, OR

, WA

Q2U5 Heather, Mountain Golden Hudsonia MT Dicot NC

Q2U6 Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea Dicot IL

, MI

, OH

Q2RK Dawn

- flower, Texas Prairie (= Texas

Bitterweed) Hymenoxys texana Dicot TX

Q1XJ Hypericum, Highlands Scrub Hypericum cumulicola Dicot FL

Q2BP Mallow, Peter's Mountain Iliamna corei Dicot VA

### 113 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q2U7 Pagosa Skyrocket Ipomopsis polyantha Dicot CO

Q34D Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost Ipomopsis sancti

- spiritus Dicot NM

Q2BU Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) Isodendrion hosakae Dicot HI

Q108 Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) Isodendrion laurifolium Dicot HI

Q109 Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) Isodendrion longifolium Dicot HI

Q1XK Wahine Noho Kula (Isodendrion pyrifolium) Isodendrion pyrifolium Dicot HI

Q1XM Ivesia, Ash Meadows Ivesia kingii var. eremica Dicot NV

Q2BZ Jacquemontia, Beach Jacquemontia reclinata Dicot FL

Q1XO Water

- willow, Cooley's Justicia cooleyi Dicot FL

Q3HP (ncn) Keysseria (=Lagenifera) erici Dicot HI

Q3HQ (ncn) Keysseria (=Lagenifera) helenae Dicot HI

Q1XQ Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Kokia drynarioides Dicot HI

Q1XR Koki'o (Kokia kauaiensis) Kokia kauaiensis Dicot HI

Q2C2 Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) Labordia cyrtandrae Dicot HI

Q34Q kamakahala Labordia helleri Dicot HI

Q2C3 Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) Labordia lydgatei Dicot HI

Q34R kamakahala Labordia pumila Dicot HI

Q3GM Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var.

wahiawaen) Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis Dicot HI

Q1XU Goldfields, Burke's Lasthenia burkei Dicot CA

Q122 Goldfields, Contra Costa Lasthenia conjugens Dicot CA

Q34T Layia, Beach Layia carnosa Dicot CA

Q12Y 'Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) Lepidium arbuscula Dicot HI

Q1XV Ridge

- cress (=Pepper

- cress), Barneby Lepidium barnebyanum Dicot UT

Q34X Peppergrass, Slick Spot Lepidium papilliferum Dicot ID

Q2CB Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya Dicot IL

, IA

, MN

, WI

Q351 Bladderpod, Dudley Bluffs Lesquerella congesta Dicot CO

Q2CC Bladderpod, MO Lesquerella filiformis Dicot AR

, MO

Q2CD Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina Dicot CA

Q1XX Bladderpod, Lyrate Lesquerella lyrata Dicot AL

Q2PE Bladderpod, White Lesquerella pallida Dicot TX

Q13H Bladderpod, Spring Creek Lesquerella perforata Dicot TN

Q13L Bladderpod, Zapata Lesquerella thamnophila Dicot TX

Q1XY Bladderpod, Kodachrome Lesquerella tumulosa Dicot UT

Q3AI Lessingia, San Francisco Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. germanorum) Dicot CA

Q2CI Blazing Star, Heller's Liatris helleri Dicot NC

### 1 14 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q1XZ Blazing Star, Scrub Liatris ohlingerae Dicot FL

Q2PK Umbel, Huachuca Water Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva Dicot AZ

Q2YE Meadowfoam, Butte County Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica Dicot CA

Q2CL Meadowfoam, Large

- flowered Woolly Limnanthes floccosa ssp. Grandiflora Dicot OR

Q1Y1 Meadowfoam, Sebastopol Limnanthes vinculans Dicot CA

Q2CO Pondberry Lindera melissifolia Dicot AL

, AR

, GA

, MS

, MO

, NC

, SC

Q1Y4 Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) Lipochaeta fauriei Dicot HI

Q2CS Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) Lipochaeta kamolensis Dicot HI

Q1YC Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla Dicot HI

Q2CY Nehe (Lipochaeta micrantha) Lipochaeta micrantha Dicot HI

Q2D0 Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Lipochaeta tenuifolia Dicot HI

Q1YJ Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) Lipochaeta venosa Dicot HI

Q2D1 Nehe (Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Lipochaeta waimeaensis Dicot HI

Q14U Woodland

- star, San Clemente Island Lithophragma maximum Dicot CA

Q14Y 'Oha (Lobelia gaudichaudii koolauensis) Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis Dicot HI

Q2D2 Lobelia monostachya (ncn) Lobelia monostachya Dicot HI

Q1YK Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) Lobelia niihauensis Dicot HI

Q1YL Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) Lobelia oahuensis Dicot HI

Q1YN Lomatium, Bradshaw's Lomatium bradshawii Dicot OR

, WA

Q356 Lomatium, Cook's Lomatium cookii Dicot OR

Q1YO Broom, San Clemente Island Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae Dicot CA

Q2PR Lupine, Scrub Lupinus aridorum Dicot FL

Q161 Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Lupinus nipomensis Dicot CA

Q35E Lupine, Kincaid's Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp.

kincaidii (=var. kincaidii) Dicot OR

, WA

Q2DD Lupine, Clover Lupinus tidestromii Dicot CA

Q35F Lyonia truncata var. proctorii (ncn) Lyonia truncata var. proctorii Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2DF Loosestrife, Rough

- leaved Lysimachia asperulaefolia Dicot NC

, SC

Q35G lehua makanoe Lysimachia daphnoides Dicot HI

Q2DG Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) Lysimachia filifolia Dicot HI

Q3MX (ncn) Lysimachia iniki Dicot HI

Q35J Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) Lysimachia lydgatei Dicot HI

Q3MY (ncn) Lysimachia pendens Dicot HI

Q3MZ (ncn) Lysimachia scopulensis Dicot HI

Q3H4 (ncn) Lysimachia venosa Dicot HI

### 115 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q1YP Birds

- in

- a

- nest, White Macbridea alba Dicot FL

Q1YR Bush

- mallow, San Clemente Island Malacothamnus clementinus Dicot CA

Q16R Bush

- mallow, Santa Cruz Island Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus Dicot CA

Q35Q Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island Malacothrix indecora Dicot CA

Q3EK Malacothrix, Island Malacothrix squalida Dicot CA

Q1YS Manioc, Walker's Manihot walkerae Dicot TX

Q1YT Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Marshallia mohrii Dicot AL

, GA

Q35V Alani (Melicope adscendens) Melicope adscendens Dicot HI

Q1YU Alani (Melicope balloui) Melicope balloui Dicot HI

Q1YV alani Melicope christophersenii Dicot HI

Q1YX alani Melicope degeneri Dicot HI

Q1YY Alani (Melicope haupuensis) Melicope haupuensis Dicot HI

Q2DJ alani Melicope hiiakae Dicot HI

Q1YZ Alani (Melicope knudsenii) Melicope knudsenii Dicot HI

Q1Z0 Alani (Melicope lydgatei) Melicope lydgatei Dicot HI

Q1Z2 alani Melicope makahae Dicot HI

Q1Z3 Alani (Melicope mucronulata) Melicope mucronulata Dicot HI

Q1Z7 Alani (Melicope ovalis) Melicope ovalis Dicot HI

Q1Z8 Alani (Melicope pallida) Melicope pallida Dicot HI

Q1Z9 alani Melicope paniculata Dicot HI

Q35Y alani Melicope puberula Dicot HI

Q1ZA Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) Melicope quadrangularis Dicot HI

Q17M Alani (Melicope saint

- johnii) Melicope saint

- johnii Dicot HI

Q1ZC Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) Melicope zahlbruckneri Dicot HI

Q1ZD Blazing Star, Ash Meadows Mentzelia leucophylla Dicot NV

Q2DN Monkey

- flower, Michigan Mimulus glabratus var. Michigan ensis Dicot MI

Q1ZF Four

- o'clock, Macfarlane's Mirabilis macfarlanei Dicot ID

, OR

Q18M Monardella, Willowy Monardella linoides ssp. viminea Dicot CA

Q34W Woolly

- threads, San Joaquin Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii Dicot CA

Q1ZG Munroidendron racemosum (ncn) Munroidendron racemosum Dicot HI

Q2Q6 Myrcia Paganii Myrcia paganii Dicot Puerto Rico

Q36D Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Myrsine juddii Dicot HI

Q3N0 Kolea Myrsine knudsenii Dicot HI

Q193 Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) Myrsine linearifolia Dicot HI

Q2E5 kolea Myrsine mezii Dicot HI

Q2E7 Navarretia, Spreading Navarretia fossalis Dicot CA

### 116 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q19A Navarretia, Few

- flowered Navarretia leucocephala ssp. Pauciflora Dicot CA

Q19B Navarretia, Many

- flowered Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha Dicot CA

Q1ZH Neraudia angulata (ncn) Neraudia angulata Dicot HI

Q19L Neraudia ovata (ncn) Neraudia ovata Dicot HI

Q1ZI Neraudia sericea (ncn) Neraudia sericea Dicot HI

Q2E8 Niterwort, Amargosa Nitrophila mohavensis Dicot CA

, NV

Q1ZJ 'Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) Nothocestrum breviflorum Dicot HI

Q1ZK 'Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) Nothocestrum peltatum Dicot HI

Q1ZL Kulu'I (Nototrichium humile) Nototrichium humile Dicot HI

Q2UX Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Ochrosia kilaueaensis Dicot HI

Q1ZM Evening

- primrose, Eureka Valley Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis Dicot CA

Q1ZN Evening

- primrose, Antioch Dunes Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii Dicot CA

Q2YG Cactus, Bakersfield Opuntia treleasei Dicot CA

Q1AY Grass, Hairy Orcutt Orcuttia pilosa Dicot CA

Q1AZ Grass, Slender Orcutt Orcuttia tenuis Dicot CA

Q1ZQ Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Orcuttia viscida Dicot CA

Q2EK Palo de Rosa Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2EL Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi Dicot DE

, GA

, MD

, NC

, SC

Q36L Oxytheca, Cushenbury Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana Dicot CA

Q2EM Locoweed, Fassett's Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea Dicot WI

Q1ZV Whitlow

- wort, Papery Paronychia chartacea Dicot FL

Q1C2 Stonecrop, Lake County Parvisedum leiocarpum Dicot CA

Q1ZW Lousewort, Furbish Pedicularis furbishiae Dicot ME

Q200 Cactus, Siler Pincushion Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,= UT ia) sileri Dicot AZ

, UT

Q1ZX Cactus, Brady Pincushion Pediocactus bradyi Dicot AZ

Q2QA Cactus, San Rafael Pediocactus despainii Dicot UT

Q1ZY Cactus, Knowlton Pediocactus knowltonii Dicot CO

, NM

Q1ZZ Cactus, Peebles Navajo Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus Dicot AZ

Q2QB Cactus, Winkler Pediocactus winkleri Dicot UT

Q36W Parachute Beardtongue Penstemon debilis Dicot CO

Q2EX Penstemon, Blowout Penstemon haydenii Dicot NE

, WY

Q2YC Beardtongue, Penland Penstemon penlandii Dicot CO

Q2F3 Pentachaeta, White

- rayed Pentachaeta bellidiflora Dicot CA

Q1EA Pentachaeta, Lyon's Pentachaeta lyonii Dicot CA

Q2F6 Peperomia, Wheeler's Peperomia wheeleri Dicot Puerto Rico

Q202 Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) Peucedanum sandwicense Dicot HI

### 117 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q203 Phacelia, Clay Phacelia argillacea Dicot UT

Q204 Phacelia, North Park Phacelia formosula Dicot CO

Q1FV Phacelia, Island Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis Dicot CA

Q1G6 DeBeque phacelia Phacelia submutica Dicot CO

Q1GG Phlox, Yreka Phlox hirsuta Dicot CA

Q205 Phlox, Texas Trailing Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis Dicot TX

Q1H1 Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) Phyllostegia hirsuta Dicot HI

Q3H5 (ncn) Phyllostegia hispida Dicot HI

Q3GS Phyllostegia kaalaensis (ncn) Phyllostegia kaalaensis Dicot HI

Q1H2 Phyllostegia knudsenii (ncn) Phyllostegia knudsenii Dicot HI

Q3AE Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) Phyllostegia mannii Dicot HI

Q2FT Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) Phyllostegia mollis Dicot HI

Q1H5 Phyllostegia parviflora (ncn) Phyllostegia parviflora Dicot HI

Q37A Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) Phyllostegia racemosa Dicot HI

Q3N1 (ncn) Phyllostegia renovans Dicot HI

Q37B Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) Phyllostegia velutina Dicot HI

Q378 Phyllostegia waimeae (ncn) Phyllostegia waimeae Dicot HI

Q37C Phyllostegia warshaueri (ncn) Phyllostegia warshaueri Dicot HI

Q37E Phyllostegia wawrana (ncn) Phyllostegia wawrana Dicot HI

Q3HR Bladderpod, White Bluffs Physaria douglasii subsp. Tuplashensis Dicot WA

Q2VH Twinpod, Dudley Bluffs Physaria obcordata Dicot CO

Q208 Cactus, Key Tree Pilosocereus robinii Dicot FL

Q2G0 Butterwort, Godfrey's Pinguicula ionantha Dicot FL

Q37I ho'awa Pittosporum napaliense Dicot HI

Q2QK Aster, Ruth's Golden Pityopsis ruthii Dicot TN

Q1HU Popcornflower, Rough Plagiobothrys hirtus Dicot OR

Q1HV Allocarya, Calistoga Plagiobothrys strictus Dicot CA

Q37S Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago hawaiensis) Plantago hawaiensis Dicot HI

Q20M Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago princeps) Plantago princeps Dicot HI

Q37U (ncn) Platydesma cornuta var. cornuta Dicot HI

Q37V (ncn) Platydesma cornuta var. decurrens Dicot HI

Q37W pilo kea lau li`i Platydesma rostrata Dicot HI

Q2GH Chupacallos Pleodendron macranthum Dicot Puerto Rico

Q20P Mint, San Diego Mesa Pogogyne abramsii Dicot CA

Q2GS Mint, Otay Mesa Pogogyne nudiuscula Dicot CA

Q20Q Polygala, Lewton's Polygala lewtonii Dicot FL

### 118 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q2GW Polygala, Tiny Polygala smallii Dicot FL

Q20R Wireweed Polygonella basiramia Dicot FL

Q20S Sandlace Polygonella myriophylla Dicot FL

Q3HV Polygonum, Scott's Valley Polygonum hickmanii Dicot CA

Q20T Po'e (Portulaca sclerocarpa) Portulaca sclerocarpa Dicot HI

Q1J8 Potentilla, Hickman's Potentilla hickmanii Dicot CA

Q2H5 Primrose, Maguire Primula maguirei Dicot UT

Q20X Plum, Scrub Prunus geniculata Dicot FL

Q1K2 Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Pseudobahia bahiifolia Dicot CA

Q1K3 Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin Pseudobahia peirsonii Dicot CA

Q1KB kopiko Psychotria grandiflora Dicot HI

Q3H6 Oahu wild coffee Psychotria hexandra ssp. Oahuensis Dicot HI

Q38F kopiko Psychotria hobdyi Dicot HI

Q20Y Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Pteralyxia kauaiensis Dicot HI

Q1KE kaulu Pteralyxia macrocarpa Dicot HI

Q2H9 Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum Dicot AL

, AR

, GA

, MD

, NC

, SC

, VA , West VA

Q20Z Cliffrose, AZ Purshia (=cowania) subintegra Dicot AZ

Q211 Oak, Hinckley Quercus hinckleyi Dicot TX

Q212 Buttercup, Autumn Ranunculus aestivalis (=acriformis) Dicot UT

Q213 Remya kauaiensis (ncn) Remya kauaiensis Dicot HI

Q214 Remya, Maui Remya mauiensis Dicot HI

Q2YH Remya montgomeryi (ncn) Remya montgomeryi Dicot HI

Q215 Rhododendron, Chapman Rhododendron chapmanii Dicot FL

Q2HH Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii Dicot GA

, NC

, SC

, VA

Q217 Gooseberry, Miccosukee Ribes echinellum Dicot FL

, SC

Q38L Watercress, Gambel's Rorippa gambellii Dicot CA

Q38R Sanicula mariversa (ncn) Sanicula mariversa Dicot HI

Q1MF Sanicula purpurea (ncn) Sanicula purpurea Dicot HI

Q2HX Sandalwood, Lanai (='Iliahi) Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense Dicot HI

Q21B Pitcher

- plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila Dicot AL

, GA

, NC

, TN

Q2HZ Pitcher

- plant, Alabama Canebrake Sarracenia rubra alabamensis Dicot AL

Q2I0 Pitcher

- plant, Mountain Sweet Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii Dicot NC

, SC

Q21C Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola coriacea) Scaevola coriacea Dicot HI

Q21E Schiedea, Diamond Head (Schiedea

adamantis) Schiedea adamantis Dicot HI

### 119 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q2VV Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea apokremnos) Schiedea apokremnos Dicot HI

Q3H7 (ncn) Schiedea attenuata Dicot HI

Q2VW Schiedea haleakalensis (ncn) Schiedea haleakalensis Dicot HI

Q2VX Schiedea helleri (ncn) Schiedea helleri Dicot HI

Q1MV Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Schiedea hookeri Dicot HI

Q21F Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Schiedea kaalae Dicot HI

Q38U Schiedea kauaiensis (ncn) Schiedea kauaiensis Dicot HI

Q1MW Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea kealiae) Schiedea kealiae Dicot HI

Q1MY Schiedea membranacea (ncn) Schiedea membranacea Dicot HI

Q38V Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Schiedea nuttallii Dicot HI

Q2W0 Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda (ncn) Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda Dicot HI

Q2W1 Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina (ncn) Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina Dicot HI

Q2W2 Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) Schiedea stellarioides Dicot HI

Q38X Reed

- mustard, Clay Schoenocrambe argillacea Dicot UT

Q2QU Reed

- mustard, Barneby Schoenocrambe barnebyi Dicot UT

Q1N9 Reed

- mustard, Shrubby Schoenocrambe suffrutescens Dicot UT

Q2W3 Schoepfia arenaria (ncn) Schoepfia arenaria Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2I4 Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana Dicot AL

, CT

, FL

, GA

, KY

, LA

, NJ

, NC

, SC

, TN

, VA

Q3KI Cactus, Pariette Sclerocactus brevispinus Dicot UT

Q21I Cactus, CO hookless Sclerocactus glaucus Dicot CO

, UT

Q21J Cactus, Mesa Verde Sclerocactus mesae

- verdae Dicot CO

, NM

Q3N6 Cactus, Uinta Basin hookless Sclerocactus wetlandicus Dicot UT

Q21K Cactus, Wright Fishhook Sclerocactus wrightiae Dicot UT

Q2I9 Skullcap, Florida Scutellaria Florida na Dicot FL

Q2IA Skullcap, Large

- flowered Scutellaria MT Dicot GA

, TN

Q392 Roseroot, Leedy's Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi Dicot MN

, NY

Q21L Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks Senecio franciscanus Dicot AZ

Q1O2 Butterweed, Layne's Senecio layneae Dicot CA

Q2QW Hayun Lagu (Tronkon Guafi) Serianthes nelsonii Dicot Guam

Q2IM 'Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa) Sesbania tomentosa Dicot HI

Q1OF Rock

- cress, Santa Cruz Island Sibara filifolia Dicot CA

Q393 'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Sicyos alba Dicot HI

Q1OS Checker

- mallow, Keck's Sidalcea keckii Dicot CA

Q21M Checker

- mallow, Nelson's Sidalcea nelsoniana Dicot OR

, WA

Q1OU Checker

- mallow, Kenwood Marsh Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida Dicot CA

### 120 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q1OT Checker

- mallow, Wenatchee Mountains Sidalcea oregana var. calva Dicot WA

Q2IS Checker

- mallow, Pedate Sidalcea pedata Dicot CA

Q2IX Silene Hawaii ensis (ncn) Silene Hawaii ensis Dicot HI

Q21O Silene lanceolata (ncn) Silene lanceolata Dicot HI

Q39A Silene perlmanii (ncn) Silene perlmanii Dicot HI

Q21P Campion, Fringed Silene polypetala Dicot FL

, GA

Q1P9 Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii Dicot AR

, ID

, MT

, OR

, WA

Q2J3 Erubia Solanum drymophilum Dicot Puerto Rico

Q21Q Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum incompletum) Solanum incompletum Dicot HI

Q21S Popolo 'Aiakeakua (Solanum sandwicense) Solanum sandwicense Dicot HI

Q21T Goldenrod, White

- haired Solidago albopilosa Dicot KY

Q2J5 Goldenrod, Houghton's Solidago houghtonii Dicot MI

, NY

Q21U Goldenrod, Short's Solidago shortii Dicot IN

, KY

Q2J7 Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Solidago spithamaea Dicot NC

, TN

Q39H Spermolepis Hawaii ensis (ncn) Spermolepis Hawaii ensis Dicot HI

Q21W Pinkroot, Gentian Spigelia gentianoides Dicot AL

, FL

Q2R1 Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea Virginia na Dicot GA

, KY

, NC

, OH

, TN

, VA

, West VA

Q2JA Cobana Negra Stahlia monosperma Dicot Puerto Rico

Q21Z Stenogyne angustifolia (ncn) Stenogyne angustifolia var. angustifolia Dicot HI

Q39L Stenogyne campanulata (ncn) Stenogyne campanulata Dicot HI

Q220 Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) Stenogyne kanehoana Dicot HI

Q3H8 (ncn) Stenogyne kealiae Dicot HI

Q221 Wire

- lettuce, Malheur Stephanomeria malheurensis Dicot OR

Q222 Jewelflower, Metcalf Canyon Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus Dicot CA

Q223 Jewelflower, Tiburon Streptanthus niger Dicot CA

Q224 Snowbells, Texas Styrax texanus Dicot TX

Q3AF Sea

- blite, California Suaeda californica Dicot CA

Q1SB Taraxacum, California Taraxacum californicum Dicot CA

Q2JM Ternstroemia subsessilis (ncn) Ternstroemia subsessilis Dicot Puerto Rico

Q226 Tetramolopium arenarium (ncn) Tetramolopium arenarium Dicot HI

Q227 Tetramolopium capillare (ncn) Tetramolopium capillare Dicot HI

Q228 Tetramolopium filiforme (ncn) Tetramolopium filiforme Dicot HI

Q229 Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum

(ncn) Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum Dicot HI

Q22A Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) Tetramolopium remyi Dicot HI

### 121 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q22B Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) Tetramolopium rockii Dicot HI

Q22G (ncn) Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Dicot HI

Q3N2 (ncn) Tetraplasandra flynnii Dicot HI

Q22F 'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa Dicot HI

Q22R (ncn) Tetraplasandra lydgatei Dicot HI

Q231 Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi Dicot FL

, GA

, NC

Q2K9 Thelypody, Howell's Spectacular Thelypodium howellii spectabilis Dicot OR

Q2KB Mustard, Slender

- petaled Thelypodium stenopetalum Dicot CA

Q2KF Penny

- cress, Kneeland Prairie Thlaspi californicum Dicot CA

Q1SH Dogweed, Ashy Thymophylla tephroleuca Dicot TX

Q2KH Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island Thysanocarpus conchuliferus Dicot CA

Q234 Townsendia, Last Chance Townsendia aprica Dicot UT

Q3A0 Trematolobelia singularis (ncn) Trematolobelia singularis Dicot HI

Q2KU Bariaco Trichilia triacantha Dicot Puerto Rico

Q237 Bluecurls, Hidden Lake Trichostema austromontanum ssp.

compactum Dicot CA

Q238 Clover, Showy Indian Trifolium amoenum Dicot CA

Q2RE Clover, Running Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum Dicot AR

, IN

, KY

, MO

, OH , West

VA

Q23C Clover, Monterey Trifolium trichocalyx Dicot CA

Q23K Tuctoria, Green's Tuctoria greenei Dicot CA

Q23M Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Urera kaalae Dicot HI

Q2LO Vervain, California Verbena californica Dicot CA

Q3GB Crownbeard, Big

- leaved Verbesina dissita Dicot CA

Q3A6 Vernonia Proctorii (ncn) Vernonia proctorii Dicot Puerto Rico

Q23Q Vetch, Hawaii an (Vicia menziesii) Vicia menziesii Dicot HI

Q23R Vigna o

- wahuensis (ncn) Vigna o

- wahuensis Dicot HI

Q23S Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana ssp.

chamissoniana) Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana Dicot HI

Q23T Viola helenae (ncn) Viola helenae Dicot HI

Q23U Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola kauaensis var.

wahiawaensis) Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis Dicot HI

Q23W Viola oahuensis (ncn) Viola oahuensis Dicot HI

Q2M9 Warea, Wide

- leaf Warea amplexifolia Dicot FL

Q2MA Mustard, Carter's Warea carteri Dicot FL

Q245 Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Wilkesia hobdyi Dicot HI

### 122 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q2MK Xylosma crenatum (ncn) Xylosma crenatum Dicot HI

Q3GI Yellowhead, Desert Yermo xanthocephalus Dicot WY

Q3A7 A'e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var.

tomentosum) Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum Dicot HI

Q246 A'e (Zanthoxylum Hawaii ense) Zanthoxylum Hawaii ense Dicot HI

Q3H9 a'e Zanthoxylum oahuense Dicot HI

Q2MX Prickly

- ash, St. Thomas Zanthoxylum thomasianum Dicot Puerto Rico

Q2WX Ziziphus, Florida Ziziphus celata Dicot FL

S00M Fern, Pendant Kihi (Adenophorus periens) Adenophorus periens Ferns HI

S00N Asplenium fragile var. insulare (ncn) Asplenium fragile var. insulare Ferns HI

S00O Fern, American hart's

- tongue Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum Ferns AL

, MI

, NY

, TN

S01I Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) Ctenitis squamigera Ferns HI

S00P Diellia erecta (ncn) Diellia erecta Ferns HI

S00Q Diellia falcata (ncn) Diellia falcata Ferns HI

S007 (ncn) Diellia mannii Ferns HI

S022 Diellia pallida (ncn) Diellia pallida Ferns HI

S01T Diellia unisora (ncn) Diellia unisora Ferns HI

S00R Diplazium molokaiense (ncn) Diplazium molokaiense Ferns HI

S02H (ncn) Doryopteris angelica Ferns HI

S028 (ncn) Doryopteris takeuchii Ferns HI

S02I aumakua, Palapalai Dryopteris crinalis podosorus Ferns HI

S01K Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Huperzia)

mannii) Huperzia mannii Ferns HI

S00T Quillwort, Louisianna Isoetes louisianensis Ferns AL

, LA

, MS

S015 Quillwort, Black

- spored Isoetes melanospora Ferns GA

, SC

S019 Quillwort, Mat

- forming Isoetes tegetiformans Ferns GA

S01L Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Lycopodium)

nutans) Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans Ferns HI

S00U 'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) Marsilea villosa Ferns HI

S00W Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Pteris lidgatei Ferns HI

S01W Tectaria Estremerana Tectaria estremerana Ferns Puerto Rico

S01N Fern, Alabama Streak

- sorus Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis Ferns AL

S01Z Fern, Thelypteris verecunda Thelypteris verecunda Ferns Puerto Rico

E00B Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum Fish CT

, FL

, GA

, ME

, MA

, NY

, NC

, RI

, SC

, VA

E09K Sturgeon, North American green Acipenser medirostris Fish CA

### 123 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

E04W Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Fish AL

, FL

, LA

, MS

E087 Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus Fish ID

, MT

E02J Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae Fish AR

, MO

, OK

E053 Sucker, Modoc Catostomus microps Fish CA

, OR

E07W Sucker, Santa Ana Catostomus santaanae Fish CA

E057 Sucker, Warner Catostomus warnerensis Fish NV

, OR

E055 Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris Fish CA

, DE

, OR

E001 Cui

- ui Chasmistes cujus Fish NV

E050 Sucker, June Chasmistes liorus Fish UT

E0AR Laurel dace Chrosomus aylori Fish TN

E01L Sculpin, Pygmy Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus) Fish AL

E04U Springfish, White River Crenichthys baileyi baileyi Fish NV

E04Q Springfish, Hiko White River Crenichthys baileyi grandis Fish NV

E04T Springfish, Railroad Valley Crenichthys NV e Fish NV

E05Y Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea Fish AL

, GA

, TN

, AZ

E04B Shiner, Beautiful Cyprinella formosa Fish NM

E023 Pupfish, Leon Springs Cyprinodon bovinus Fish TX

E009 Pupfish, Devils Hole Cyprinodon diabolis Fish NV

E008 Pupfish, Comanche Springs Cyprinodon elegans Fish TX

E044 Pupfish, Desert Cyprinodon macularius Fish AZ

, CA

E042 Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes Fish NV

E00W Pupfish, Warm Springs Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis Fish NV

E00A Pupfish, Owens Cyprinodon radiosus Fish CA

E052 Sucker, Lost River Deltistes luxatus Fish CA

, OR

E03V Minnow, Devils River Dionda diaboli Fish TX

E03C Dace, Desert Eremichthys acros Fish NV

E012 Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus Fish AL

, NC

, TN

, VA

E01X Chub, Slender Erimystax cahni Fish TN

, VA

E01B Darter, Slackwater Etheostoma boschungi Fish AL

, TN

E098 Darter, Vermilion Etheostoma chermocki Fish AL

E086 Darter, Relict Etheostoma chienense Fish KY

E089 Darter, Etowah Etheostoma etowahae Fish GA

E00T Darter, Fountain Etheostoma fonticola Fish TX

E01E Yellowcheek darter Etheostoma moorei Fish AR

E02B Darter, Niangua Etheostoma nianguae Fish MO

E00U Darter, Watercress Etheostoma nuchale Fish AL

### 124 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

E00H Darter, Okaloosa Etheostoma okaloosae Fish FL

E078 Darter, Duskytail Etheostoma percnurum Fish TN

, VA

E0AB Rush darter Etheostoma phytophilum Fish AL

E01S Darter, Bayou Etheostoma rubrum Fish MS

E03J Darter, Cherokee Etheostoma scotti Fish GA

E003 Darter, MD Etheostoma sellare Fish MD

E076 Darter, Bluemask (=jewel) Etheostoma sp. Fish TN

E05R Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae Fish KY

, TN

E05P Darter, Boulder Etheostoma wapiti Fish AL

, TN

E071 Goby, Tidewater Eucyclogobius newberryi Fish CA

E004 Gambusia, Big Bend Gambusia gaigei Fish TX

E021 Gambusia, San Marcos Gambusia georgei Fish TX

E005 Gambusia, Clear Creek Gambusia heterochir Fish TX

E00V Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia nobilis Fish NM

, TX

E00X Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni Fish CA

E00Q Chub, Mohave Tui Gila bicolor mohavensis Fish CA

E02W Chub, Owens Tui Gila bicolor snyderi Fish CA

E02S Chub, Hutton Tui Gila bicolor ssp. Fish OR

E027 Chub, Borax Lake Gila boraxobius Fish OR

E000 Chub, Humpback Gila cypha Fish AZ

, CO

, NV

, UT

, WY

E029 Chub, Sonora Gila ditaenia Fish AZ

E020 Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans Fish AZ

, CA

, CO

, UT

, WY

E02P Chub, Gila Gila intermedia Fish AZ

, NM

E028 Chub, Chihuahua Gila nigrescens Fish NM

E034 Chub, Yaqui Gila purpurea Fish AZ

E00R Chub, Pahranagat Roundtail Gila robusta jordani Fish NV

E02A Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (=robusta) Fish AZ

, NV

, UT

E07I Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Hybognathus amarus Fish NM

E070 Smelt, Delta Hypomesus transpacificus Fish CA

E02H Catfish, Yaqui Ictalurus pricei Fish AZ

E04P Spinedace, White River Lepidomeda albivallis Fish NV

E04L Spinedace, Big Spring Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis Fish NV

E04M Spinedace, Little CO Lepidomeda vittata Fish AZ

E05J Spikedace Meda fulgida Fish AZ

, NM

E01P Silverside, Waccamaw Menidia extensa Fish NC

E002 Dace, Moapa Moapa coriacea Fish NV

### 125 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

E04E Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus Fish AL

, KY

, TN

E04C Shiner, Cahaba Notropis cahabae Fish AL

E05X Shiner, AR River Notropis girardi Fish AR

, KS

, NM

, OK

, TX

E01N Shiner, Cape Fear Notropis mekistocholas Fish NC

E04F Shiner, Pecos Bluntnose Notropis simus pecosensis Fish NM

E07R Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) Fish IA

, KS

, MN

, MO

, NE

, SD

E02C Madtom, Smoky Noturus baileyi Fish TN

E07F Chucky Madtom Noturus crypticus Fish TN

E01Y Madtom, Yellowfin Noturus flavipinnis Fish TN

, VA

E03S Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus Fish KS

, MO

, OK

E03T Madtom, Pygmy Noturus stanauli Fish TN

E01T Madtom, Scioto Noturus trautmani Fish OH

E09Q Salmon, Chum Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta Fish OR

E08A Salmon, Coho Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch Fish CA

, OR

E08D Steelhead Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss Fish AZ

, CA

, ID

, OR

, WA

E06Y Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka Fish ID

, OR

, WA

E06D Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha Fish CA

, ID

, OR

, WA

E01Z Trout, Little Kern Golden Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei Fish CA

E00D Trout, Apache Oncorhynchus apache Fish AZ

, WA

E00Y Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi Fish CA

, NV

, OR

, UT

E00G Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris Fish CA

E00F Trout, Greenback Cutthroat Oncorhynchus clarki stomias Fish CO

E00E Trout, Gila Oncorhynchus gilae Fish AZ

, NM

E06Z Chub, OR OR ichthys crameri Fish OR

E05F Darter, Amber Percina antesella Fish GA

, TN

E05S Darter, Goldline Percina aurolineata Fish AL

, GA

E05H Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi Fish GA

, TN

, VA

E017 Darter, Leopard Percina pantherina Fish AR

, OK

E01G Logperch, Roanoke Percina rex Fish NC

, VA

E010 Darter, Snail Percina tanasi Fish AL

, GA

, TN

E05I Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis Fish KY

, TN

, VA

E00Z Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus Fish AZ

, NV

, UT

E00C Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis Fish AZ

, NM

E0A9 Sawfish, Smalltooth Pristis pectinata Fish FL

E006 Squawfish, CO Ptychocheilus lucius Fish AZ

, CA

, CO

, NM

, UT

, WY

E03E Dace, Independence Valley Speckled Rhinichthys osculus lethoporus Fish NV

### 126 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

E03A Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis Fish NV

E03B Dace, Clover Valley Speckled Rhinichthys osculus oligoporus Fish NV

E03D Dace, Foskett Speckled Rhinichthys osculus ssp. Fish OR

E00S Dace, Kendall Warm Springs Rhinichthys osculus thermalis Fish WY

E07L Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar Fish ME

E065 Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus Fish AR

, ID

, MT

, NV

, OR

, WA

E06X Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus Fish AR

, CO

, IL

, IA

, KS

, KY

, LA

, MS

, MO

, MT

, NE

, ND

, SD

, TN

, WY

E093 Sturgeon, Shovelnose Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Fish AR

, IL

, IA

, KS

, KY

, LA

, MS

, MO

, MT

, NE

, ND

, SD

, TN

, WY

E026 Sturgeon, Alabama Scaphirhynchus suttkusi Fish AL

F081 Rockfish, Bocaccio Sebastes paucispinis Fish WA

E011 Cavefish, Alabama Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni Fish AL

E03X Minnow, Loach Tiaroga cobitis Fish AZ

, NM

E054 Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus Fish AZ

, CA

, CO

, NV

, NM

, UT

, WY

G0DA Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella abbreviata) Achatinella abbreviata Gastropod HI

G0CL Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella apexfulva) Achatinella apexfulva Gastropod HI

G0DB Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bellula) Achatinella bellula Gastropod HI

G0DC Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella buddii) Achatinella buddii Gastropod HI

G0CV Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bulimoides) Achatinella bulimoides Gastropod HI

G0CW Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella byronii) Achatinella byronii Gastropod HI

G0CX Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella caesia) Achatinella caesia Gastropod HI

G0CY Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella casta) Achatinella casta Gastropod HI

G0DD Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella cestus) Achatinella cestus Gastropod HI

G0CN Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella concavospira) Achatinella concavospira Gastropod HI

G0CU Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella curta) Achatinella curta Gastropod HI

G0CP Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decipiens) Achatinella decipiens Gastropod HI

G0CZ Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decora) Achatinella decora Gastropod HI

G0D0 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella dimorpha) Achatinella dimorpha Gastropod HI

G0D1 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella elegans) Achatinella elegans Gastropod HI

G0CM Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fulgens) Achatinella fulgens Gastropod HI

G0CR Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fuscobasis) Achatinella fuscobasis Gastropod HI

G0DE Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juddii) Achatinella juddii Gastropod HI

### 127 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

G0D2 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juncea) Achatinella juncea Gastropod HI

G0D3 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lehuiensis) Achatinella lehuiensis Gastropod HI

G0CT Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella leucorraphe) Achatinella leucorraphe Gastropod HI

G0CS Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lila) Achatinella lila Gastropod HI

G0CJ Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella livida) Achatinella livida Gastropod HI

G0DF Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lorata) Achatinella lorata Gastropod HI

G0CK Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella mustelina) Achatinella mustelina Gastropod HI

G0D4 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella papyracea) Achatinella papyracea Gastropod HI

G0DG Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella phaeozona) Achatinella phaeozona Gastropod HI

G0CQ Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pulcherrima) Achatinella pulcherrima Gastropod HI

G0DH Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pupukanioe) Achatinella pupukanioe Gastropod HI

G0D5 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella rosea) Achatinella rosea Gastropod HI

G0CI Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella sowerbyana) Achatinella sowerbyana Gastropod HI

G0D6 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella spaldingi) Achatinella spaldingi Gastropod HI

G0CO Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella stewartii) Achatinella stewartii Gastropod HI

G0D7 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella swiftii) Achatinella swiftii Gastropod HI

G0DI Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella taeniolata) Achatinella taeniolata Gastropod HI

G0D8 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella thaanumi) Achatinella thaahumi Gastropod HI

G0DJ Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella turgida) Achatinella turgida Gastropod HI

G0D9 Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella valida) Achatinella valida Gastropod HI

G0DK Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella viridans) Achatinella viridans Gastropod HI

G0DL Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella vittata) Achatinella vittata Gastropod HI

G0DM Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella vulpina) Achatinella vulpina Gastropod HI

G00W Snail, Painted Snake Coiled Forest Anguispira picta Gastropod TN

G04I Cavesnail, Tumbling Creek Antrobia culveri Gastropod MO

G03K Snail, Pecos Assiminea Assiminea pecos Gastropod NM

, TX

G016 Riversnail, Anthony's Athearnia anthonyi Gastropod AL

, TN

G098 Campeloma, Slender Campeloma decampi Gastropod AL

G00T Snail, IA Pleistocene Discus macclintocki Gastropod IL

, IA

G063 Elimia, Lacy Elimia crenatella Gastropod AL

G0C0 Snail, Newcomb's Erinna newcombi Gastropod HI

G0C9 Abalone, Black Haliotis cracherodii Gastropod CA

G0C8 Abalone, White Haliotis sorenseni Gastropod CA

G00D Snail, Morro Shoulderband Helminthoglypta walkeriana Gastropod CA

G04C Springsnail, Koster's Juturnia kosteri Gastropod NM

G05Q Limpet, Banbury Springs Lanx sp. Gastropod ID

### 128 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

G08D Rocksnail, Round Leptoxis ampla Gastropod AL

G0C2 Rocksnail, interrupted Leptoxis foremani Gastropod AL

, GA

G08C Rocksnail, Plicate Leptoxis plicata Gastropod AL

G08B Rocksnail, Painted Leptoxis taeniata Gastropod AL

G07F Pebblesnail, Flat Lepyrium showalteri Gastropod AL

G072 Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Lioplax cyclostomaformis Gastropod AL

, GA

G00V Snail, Noonday Mesodon clarki nantahala Gastropod NC

G00K Shagreen, Magazine Mountain Mesodon magazinensis Gastropod AR

G00Y Snail, Stock Island Tree Orthalicus reses (not incl. nesodryas) Gastropod FL

G01M Ambersnail, Kanab Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis Gastropod AZ

, UT

G01L Snail, Snake River Physa Physa natricina Gastropod ID

G06V Hornsnail, rough Pleurocera foremani Gastropod AL

, GA

G00Z Snail, Virginia Fringed Mountain Polygyriscus Virginia nus Gastropod VA

G03B Snail, Armored Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta Gastropod AL

G05E Springsnail, San Bernardino Pyrgulopsis bernardina Gastropod AZ

G03R Springsnail, Bruneau Hot Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Gastropod ID

G03S Springsnail, Chupadera Pyrgulopsis chupaderae Gastropod NM

G05P Springsnail, Socorro Pyrgulopsis neomexicana Gastropod NM

G027 Marstonia, Royal (=Royal Snail) Pyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe Gastropod TN

G03T Springsnail, Roswell Pyrgulopsis roswellensis Gastropod NM

G051 Springsnail, Three Forks Pyrgulopsis trivialis Gastropod AZ

G00P Snail, Chittenango Ovate Amber Succinea chittenangoensis Gastropod NY

G01K Snail, Bliss Rapids Taylorconcha serpenticola Gastropod ID

G00S Snail, Flat

- spired Three

- toothed Triodopsis platysayoides Gastropod West VA

G03Q Springsnail, Alamosa Tryonia alamosae Gastropod NM

G04X Snail, Tulotoma Tulotoma magnifica Gastropod AL

I023 Naucorid, Ash Meadows Ambrysus amargosus Insect NV

I00H Butterfly, Lange's Metalmark Apodemia mormo langei Insect CA

I0I9 Beetle, Coffin Cave Mold Batrisodes texanus Insect TX

I0PT Beetle, Helotes Mold Batrisodes venyivi Insect TX

I01Q Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillary Boloria acrocnema Insect CO

I02B Beetle, Hungerford's Crawling Water Brychius hungerfordi Insect MI

I00Q Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin Callophrys mossii bayensis Insect CA

I02C Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Insect MD

, MA

, NJ

, VA

I0QR Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Insect NE

I0OW Beetle, Ohlone Tiger Cicindela ohlone Insect CA

### 129 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

I02D Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana Insect CT

, MD

, MA

I0W6 Butterfly, Nickerbean Blue Cyclargus ammon Insect FL

I02Q Butterfly, Miami Blue Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri Insect FL

I01L Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Insect CA

I0TG Beetle, Casey's June Dinacoma caseyi Insect CA

I0QW Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila aglaia Insect HI

I0RC Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila hemipeza Insect HI

I0QZ Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila heteroneura Insect HI

I0R0 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila montgomeryi Insect HI

I0R1 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila mulli Insect HI

I0R2 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila musaphilia Insect HI

I0R3 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila neoclavisetae Insect HI

I0R4 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila obatai Insect HI

I0RD Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila ochrobasis Insect HI

I0QX Hawaii an picture

- wing Fly Drosophila sharpi Insect HI

I0R5 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila substenoptera Insect HI

I0R6 Fly, Hawaii an picture

- wing Drosophila tarphytrichia Insect HI

I01G Beetle, Delta Green Ground Elaphrus viridis Insect CA

I00C Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Euphilotes battoides allyni Insect CA

I00R Butterfly, Smith's Blue Euphilotes enoptes smithi Insect CA

I021 Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's

euphydryas) Euphydryas editha bayensis Insect CA

I00P Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. wrighti) Insect CA

I01C Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Euproserpinus euterpe Insect CA

I01B Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis Insect CA

I0W5 Butterfly, Ceranus Blue Hemiargus ceraunus antibubastus Insect FL

I016 Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus Insect FL

I01E Skipper, Pawnee Montane Hesperia leonardus MT Insect CO

I0MH Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Heterelmis comalensis Insect TX

I0IS Butterfly, Fender's Blue Icaricia icarioides fenderi Insect OR

I00J Butterfly, Mission Blue Icaricia icarioides missionensis Insect CA

I0W4 Butterfly [Cassius Blue, Ceraunus Blue,

Nickerbean Blue] Leptotes and Hemiargus and Cyclargus

genus Insect FL

I00I Butterfly, Lotis Blue Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis Insect CA

I00F Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis Insect IL

, IN

, MI

, MN

, NH

, NY

, OH

, WI

### 130 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

I0 Alabama Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Manduca blackburni Insect HI

I05V Crimson Hawaii an damselfly Megalagrion leptodemas Insect HI

I05X Damselfly, Flying Earwig Hawaii an Megalagrion nesiotes Insect HI

I05U blackline Hawaii an damselfly Megalagrion nigrohamatum nigrolineatum Insect HI

I062 Oceanic Hawaii an damselfly Megalagrion oceanicum Insect HI

I064 Damselfly, Pacific Hawaii an Megalagrion pacificum Insect HI

I0MZ Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr Neonympha mitchellii francisci Insect NC

I00K Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii Insect AL

, IN

, MI

, OH

, VA

I028 Beetle, American Burying Nicrophorus americanus Insect AR

, KS

, KY

, MA

, NE

, OH

, OK

, RI

, SD

, TX

I0OV Beetle, Mount Hermon June Polyphylla barbata Insect CA

I0RG Skipper, Carson Wandering Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus Insect CA

, NV

I0LW Skipper, Laguna Mountain Pyrgus ruralis lagunae Insect CA

I0RF Rhadine exilis (ncn) Rhadine exilis Insect TX

I0P1 Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Rhadine infernalis Insect TX

I0IB Beetle, Tooth Cave Ground Rhadine persephone Insect TX

I0MG Fly, Delhi Sands Flower

- loving Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis Insect CA

I06P Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Somatochlora hineana Insect AL

, IL

, MI

, MO

, WI

I019 Butterfly, Callippe Silverspot Speyeria callippe callippe Insect CA

I031 Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Speyeria zerene behrensii Insect CA

I01A Butterfly, OR Silverspot Speyeria zerene hippolyta Insect CA

, OR

, WA

I00N Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot Speyeria zerene myrtleae Insect CA

I0 Michigan Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid Stygoparnus comalensis Insect TX

I0IA Beetle, Kretschmarr Cave Mold Texamaurops reddelli Insect TX

I0OY Grasshopper, Zayante Band

- winged Trimerotropis infantilis Insect CA

U000 Cladonia, Florida Perforate Cladonia perforata Lichen FL

U001 Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare Lichen GA

, NC

, SC

, TN

A009 Pronghorn, Sonoran Antilocapra americana sonoriensis Mammal AZ

A0BJ Mountain Beaver, Point Arena Aplodontia rufa nigra Mammal CA

A0A8 Seal, Guadalupe Fur Arctocephalus townsendi Mammal CA

A02N Whale, Bowhead Balaena mysticetus Mammal AK

A02S Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis Mammal AK

, CA

A02M Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus Mammal AL

, AK

, CA

, DE

, GA

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OR

, PA

, RI

, SC

, TX

, VT

, VA

, WA

### 131 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

A02O Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus Mammal AK

, CA

, DE

A00R Bison, Wood Bison bison athabascae Mammal AK

A0GG Rabbit, Pygmy Brachylagus ID ensis Mammal WA

A00D Gray Wolf Canis lupus Mammal CO

, MI

, NE

, NV

, NM

, ND

, OR

, SD

, UT

, WA

, WI

A00F Wolf, Red Canis rufus Mammal KY

, NC

A075 Bat, Ozark Big

- eared Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens Mammal AR

, OK

, VA

A080 Bat, Virginia Big

- eared Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii Virginia nus Mammal KY

, NC , West VA

A04A Prairie Dog, UT Cynomys parvidens Mammal UT

W001 Whale, beluga Delphinapterus leucas Mammal AK

A03X Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay Dipodomys heermanni morroensis Mammal CA

A08P Kangaroo Rat, Giant Dipodomys ingens Mammal CA

A0G8 Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's Dipodomys merriami parvus Mammal CA

A08O Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Dipodomys nitratoides exilis Mammal CA

A08S Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides Mammal CA

A08Q Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus) Mammal CA

A0HK Otter, Northern Sea Enhydra lutris kenyoni Mammal AK

A0A7 Otter, Southern Sea Enhydra lutris nereis Mammal CA

A02P Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus Mammal AK

, CA

, OR

, WA

A02R Whale, North Atlantic right Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis) Mammal CA

, DE

, GA

W000 Whale, North Pacific right Eubalaena japonica Mammal AK

A0FS Sea

- lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus Mammal AK

, CA

A09M Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Mammal NC

, TN

, VA

A05H Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi

cacomitli Mammal TX

A05K Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca Mammal AZ

A03W Bat, Hawaii an Hoary Lasiurus cinereus semotus Mammal HI

A084 Ocelot Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis Mammal AZ

, TX

A0AD Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long

- nosed Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae Mammal AZ

, NM

A0AE Bat, Mexican Long

- nosed Leptonycteris nivalis Mammal NM

, TX

A073 Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis Mammal CO

, ID

, ME

, MI

, MN

, MT

, NH

, OR

, UT

, VT

, WA

, WI

, WY

A02Q Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae Mammal AK

, CA

, DE

, GA

, HI

A082 Vole, Amargosa Microtus californicus scirpensis Mammal CA

A0EU Vole, Hualapai Mexican Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis Mammal AZ

### 132 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

A0ET Vole, Florida Salt Marsh Microtus pennsylvanicus dukecampbelli Mammal FL

A071 Seal, Hawaii an Monk Monachus schauinslandi Mammal HI

A004 Ferret, Black

- footed Mustela nigripes Mammal AZ

, CO

, KS

, MT

, NE

, NM

, ND

, SD

, UT

, WY

A04J Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens Mammal AL

, AR

, FL

, GA

, IL

, IN

, KS

, KY

, MS

, MO

, NC

, OK

, TN

, VA

A000 Bat, IN Myotis sodalis Mammal AL

, AR

, CT

, FL

, GA

, IL

, IN

, IA

, KY

, MD

, MA

, MI

, MS

, MO

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OH

, OK

, PA

, TN

, VT

, VA , West VA

A087 Woodrat, Key Largo Neotoma Florida na smalli Mammal FL

A0FC Woodrat, Riparian Neotoma fuscipes riparia Mammal CA

A003 Deer, Key Odocoileus Virginia nus clavium Mammal FL

A002 Deer, Columbian White

- tailed Odocoileus Virginia nus leucurus Mammal OR

, WA

A0 Illinois Killer whale, Southern Resident DPS Orcinus orca Mammal WA

A083 Rice Rat (=Silver Rice Rat) Oryzomys palustris natator Mammal FL

A0DR Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Ovis canadensis nelsoni Mammal CA

A0DS Sheep, Sierra NV Bighorn Ovis canadensis sierrae Mammal CA

A040 Jaguar Panthera onca Mammal AZ

, CA

, NM

A0BY Mouse, Pacific Pocket Perognathus longimembris pacificus Mammal CA

A086 Mouse, Key Largo Cotton Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola Mammal FL

A08B Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach Peromyscus polionotus allophrys Mammal FL

A08Y Mouse, Alabama Beach Peromyscus polionotus ammobates Mammal AL

A0C9 Mouse, Southeastern Beach Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris Mammal FL

A0CB Mouse, St. Andrew Beach Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis Mammal FL

A0BM Mouse, Anastasia Island Beach Peromyscus polionotus phasma Mammal FL

A08C Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis Mammal AL

, FL

A0K4 Seal, spotted Phoca largha Mammal AK

A02T Whale, Sperm Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus) Mammal AK

, CA

, HI

A07X Bat, Mariana Fruit (=Mariana Flying Fox) Pteropus mariannus mariannus Mammal Guam

A07W Bat, Little Mariana Fruit Pteropus tokudae Mammal Guam

A0G0 Puma (=Cougar), Eastern Puma (=Felis) concolor (all subsp. except

coryi) Mammal FL

, MA

, NC

, RI , West VA

A008 Panther, Florida Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi Mammal AR

, FL

A088 Caribou, Woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou Mammal ID

, WA

### 133 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

A03Y Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Reithrodontomys raviventris Mammal CA

A00B Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Sciurus niger cinereus Mammal DE

, MD

, VA

A0DV Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate Sorex ornatus relictus Mammal CA

A0EK Squirrel, Northern ID Ground Spermophilus brunneus brunneus Mammal ID

A0DN Rabbit, Riparian Brush Sylvilagus bachmani riparius Mammal CA

A0AA Rabbit, Lower Keys Marsh Sylvilagus palustris hefneri Mammal FL

A09O Squirrel, Mount Graham Red Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis Mammal AZ

A007 Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus Mammal AL

, FL

, GA

, LA

, MS

, NC

, Puerto Rico, SC

, TX

A08K Fox, Santa Catalina Island Urocyon littoralis catalinae Mammal CA

A08I Fox, San Miguel Island Urocyon littoralis littoralis Mammal CA

A08L Fox, Santa Cruz Island Urocyon littoralis santacruzae Mammal CA

A08M Fox, Santa Rosa Island Urocyon littoralis santarosae Mammal CA

A0G1 Bear, American Black Ursus americanus Mammal LA

, ME

, MS

, MO

, TX

, WA

A08F Bear, Louisianna Black Ursus americanus luteolis Mammal LA

, MS

, TX

A001 Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis Mammal ID

, MT

, WA

A006 Fox, San Joaquin Kit Vulpes macrotis mutica Mammal CA

A0C2 Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Zapus hudsonius preblei Mammal CO

, WY

Q2X0 Onion, Munz's Allium munzii Monocot CA

Q01F Alopecurus, Sonoma Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis Monocot CA

Q2YY Aristida chaseae (ncn) Aristida chaseae Monocot Puerto Rico

Q25J Pelos del Diablo Aristida portoricensis Monocot Puerto Rico

Q3GT Pa'iniu Astelia waialealae Monocot HI

Q09H Brodiaea, Thread

- leaved Brodiaea filifolia Monocot CA

Q09J Brodiaea, Chinese Camp Brodiaea pallida Monocot CA

Q1TU Lily, Tiburon Mariposa Calochortus tiburonensis Monocot CA

Q26M Manaca, palma de Calyptronoma rivalis Monocot Puerto Rico

Q0BL Sedge, White Carex albida Monocot CA

Q3HD Sedge, Golden Carex lutea Monocot NC

Q1U1 Sedge, Navajo Carex specuicola Monocot AZ

, UT

Q1U4 Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) Cenchrus agrimonioides Monocot HI

Q0ETp Amole, Purple Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum Monocot CA

Q0ETc Amole, Cammatta Canyon Chlorogalum purpureum var. reductum Monocot CA

Q321 Pu'uka'a (Cyperus trachysanthos) Cyperus trachysanthos Monocot HI

Q0PH Grass, Fosberg's Love Eragrostis fosbergii Monocot HI

Q2A1 Lily, MN Trout Erythronium propullans Monocot MN

### 134 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q0V6 Fritillary, Gentner's Fritillaria gentneri Monocot OR

Q3 Alabama Seagrass, Johnson's Halophila johnsonii Monocot FL

Q1WX Beauty, Harper's Harperocallis flava Monocot FL

Q2B8 Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata Monocot DE

, GA

, MD

, NJ

, NC

, SC

, VA

Q2BS Iris, Dwarf Lake Iris lacustris Monocot MI

, WI

Q2BT Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone) Ischaemum byrone Monocot HI

Q1XL Pogonia, Small Whorled Isotria medeoloides Monocot CT

, DE

, GA

, IL

, ME

, MA

, MI

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OH

, PA

, RI

, SC

, TN

, VT

, VA

, West VA

Q2C5 Lepanthes eltorensis (ncn) Lepanthes eltoroensis Monocot Puerto Rico

Q1Y0 Lily, Western Lilium occidentale Monocot CA

, OR

Q141 Lily, Pitkin Marsh Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense Monocot CA

Q35R Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Mariscus fauriei Monocot HI

Q2Q0 Mariscus pennatiformis (ncn) Mariscus pennatiformis Monocot HI

Q19I Grass, Colusa Neostapfia colusana Monocot CA

Q2E9 Beargrass, Britton's Nolina brittoniana Monocot FL

Q1ZO Grass, California Orcutt Orcuttia californica Monocot CA

Q1ZP Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt Orcuttia inaequalis Monocot CA

Q1ZR Panicgrass, Carter's (Panicum fauriei

var.carteri) Panicum fauriei var. carteri Monocot HI

Q1BJ Lau'ehu (Panicum niihauense) Panicum niihauense Monocot HI

Q3FA Piperia, Yadon's Piperia yadonii Monocot CA

Q2GE Platanthera holochila (ncn) Platanthera holochila Monocot HI

Q2GG, Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Platanthera leucophaea Monocot IL

, IN

, IA

, ME

, MI

, NY

, OH

, OK

, VA

, WI

Q2YD Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara Monocot IA

, KS

, MN

, MO

, NE

, ND

, OK

, SD

, WY

Q37X Hala Pepe (Pleomele Hawaii ensis) Pleomele Hawaii ensis Monocot HI

Q1I9 Bluegrass, San Bernardino Poa atropurpurea Monocot CA

Q2GL Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) Poa mannii Monocot HI

Q1ID Bluegrass, Napa Poa napensis Monocot CA

Q20O Bluegrass, Hawaii an Poa sandvicensis Monocot HI

Q2GQ Poa siphonoglossa (ncn) Poa siphonoglossa Monocot HI

Q20U Pondweed, Little Aguja Creek Potamogeton clystocarpus Monocot TX

### 135 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

Q38B Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) Pritchardia affinis Monocot HI

Q38C lo`ulu Pritchardia hardyi Monocot HI

Q2VM Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) Pritchardia kaalae Monocot HI

Q38D Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) Pritchardia napaliensis Monocot HI

Q2VN Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) Pritchardia schattaueri Monocot HI

Q38E Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) Pritchardia viscosa Monocot HI

Q216 Beaked

- rush, Knieskern's Rhynchospora knieskernii Monocot DE

, NJ

Q219 Arrowhead, Bunched Sagittaria fasciculata Monocot NC

, SC

Q2VT Water

- plantain, Kral's Sagittaria secundifolia Monocot AL

, GA

Q21H Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus Monocot AL

, MD

, MA

, NH

, PA

, VT

, VA , West VA

Q39D Irisette, White Sisyrinchium dichotomum Monocot NC

, SC

Q3FS Ladies'

- tresses, Canelo Hills Spiranthes delitescens Monocot AZ

Q2WA Ladies'

- tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis Monocot AR

, CO

, ID

, MT

, NE

, NV

, UT

, WA

, WY

Q21X Ladies'

- tresses, Navasota Spiranthes parksii Monocot TX

Q225 Grass, Eureka Dune Swallenia alexandrae Monocot CA

Q23D Trillium, Persistent Trillium persistens Monocot GA

, SC

Q2RG Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum Monocot AL

, GA

, SC

Q23L Grass, Solano Tuctoria mucronata Monocot CA

Q2MP Grass, TN Yellow

- eyed Xyris TN nsis Monocot AL

, GA

, TN

Q24A Wild

- rice, Texas Zizania texana Monocot TX

C000 Alligator, American Alligator Mississippi ensis Reptile FL

, NC

, OK

C00U Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta Reptile AL

, CA

, CT

, DE

, FL

, GA

, Guam, HI

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OR

, Puerto Rico, RI

, SC

, TX

, VA

C00S Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas Reptile AL

, CA

, CT

, DE

, FL

, GA

, Guam, HI

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OR

, Puerto Rico, RI

, SC

, TX

, VA

, WA

C048 Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii Reptile CT

, DE

, GA

, MD

, MA

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, PA

, SC

, VA

C02J Crocodile, American Crocodylus acutus Reptile FL

C01S Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge

- nosed Crotalus willardi obscurus Reptile AZ

, NM

C00F Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea Reptile AL

, AK

, CA

, CT

, DE

, FL

,

### 136 FWS Code Common Name Scientific Name Taxon S tate Name

GA , Guam, HI

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, OR , Puerto Rico, RI

, SC

, TX

, VA

, WA

C026 Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi Reptile AL

, FL

, GA

, MS

C00P Boa, Puerto Rican Epicrates inornatus Reptile Puerto Rico

C02E Boa, Virgin Islands Tree Epicrates monensis granti Reptile Puerto Rico

C00E Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata Reptile AL

, CT

, DE

, FL

, GA , Guam,

HI

, LA

, ME

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NH

, NJ

, NY

, NC , Puerto

Rico, RI

, SC

, TX

, VA

C03T Skink, Blue

- tailed Mole Eumeces egregius lividus Reptile FL

C001 Lizard, Blunt

- nosed Leopard Gambelia silus Reptile CA

C04L Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii Reptile AZ

, CA

, NV

, UT

C044 Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus Reptile AL

, LA

, MS

C025 Turtle, Yellow

- blotched Map Graptemys flavimaculata Reptile MS

C022 Turtle, Ringed Map Graptemys oculifera Reptile LA

, MS

C00O Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii Reptile AL

, CT

, DE

, FL

, GA

, LA

, MD

, MA

, MS

, NJ

, NY

, NC

, RI

, SC

, TX

, VA

C00V Sea turtle, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea Reptile CA

, HI

C04A Whipsnake (=Striped Racer), Alameda Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus Reptile CA

C03V Skink, Sand Neoseps reynoldsi Reptile FL

C01T Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Nerodia clarkii taeniata Reptile FL

C03X Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta Reptile IN

, MI

, OH

C01W Turtle, Alabama Red

- bellied Pseudemys alabamensis Reptile AL

, MS

C021 Turtle, Plymouth Red

- bellied Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi Reptile MA

C01Y Turtle, Flattened Musk Sternotherus depressus Reptile AL

C057 Snake, Giant Garter Thamnophis gigas Reptile CA

C002 Snake, San Francisco Garter Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia Reptile CA

C02I Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe

- toed Uma inornata Reptile CA

C01M Lizard, Island Night Xantusia riversiana Reptile CA