# Patent

## Title
Aerodynamic trucking systems

## Abstract

A system of aerodynamic skirt fairings configured to minimize aerodynamic drag and maintain smoother air flow over highway-operated long-haul tractor-trailer vehicles.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/247,504, filed Apr. 8, 2014, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which is a continuation of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/633,013 filed Oct. 1, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,727,425 entitled, “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/639,830, filed Apr. 27, 2012, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 13/117,891 filed May 27, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,303,025 entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/349,183, filed May 27, 2010, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; and, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/374,572, filed Aug. 17, 2010, entitled “AERODYNAMIC TRUCKING SYSTEMS”; and incorporates the disclosure of each application by reference. To the extent that the present disclosure conflicts with any referenced application, however, the present disclosure is to be given priority.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This technology relates to aerodynamic trucking systems. More particularly, this technology relates to providing a system of aerodynamic apparatus configured to minimize aerodynamic drag and maintain smoother air flow over highway-operated vehicles, particularly long-haul tractor-trailer vehicles.
Most large long-haul cargo trailers exhibit less than optimal aerodynamic p during highway operation. At highway speeds, conventional trailers develop a substantial amount of turbulent airflow in the region between the axles below the trailer box. This turbulence results in significant aerodynamic drag, increasing both fuel consumption and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions at the motorized towing vehicle. Additionally, temporarily sustained vibration of external vehicle surfaces due to transient wind-force loading is often associated with premature wear, noise, and early failures within such aerodynamic vehicle structures. A system and method to improve the aerodynamic performance of long-haul transport vehicles in the above-noted areas is described below.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT TECHNOLOGY
In accordance with an embodiment of the present technology a cargo trailer system relating to supporting at least one air-flow director from at least one cargo-supporting platform configured to support cargo during wheeled transport, comprising: at least one support, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, structured and arranged to support the at least one air-flow director; wherein such at least one support comprises at least one position-adjuster structured and arranged to positionally adjust the at least one air-flow director, with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least one cargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director are attached with such at least one support; wherein such at least one position-adjuster comprises multiple-adjuster types structured and arranged to provide multiple positional adjustments of the at least one air-flow director with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise at least four different positional-adjustment types.
Moreover, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at least one platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at least one support with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and at least one support-position translator structured and arranged to assist positional translation of such at least one support with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one support-position translator comprises at least one freedom of movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Additionally, it provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at least one platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at least one support with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and at least one first support rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such at least one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform.
Also, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises: at least one platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at least one support with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; at least one second support rotator structured and arranged to rotate such at least one support, with respect to such at least one platform attacher; and at least one spring biaser structured and arranged to spring bias such at least one support to place the at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position relative to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one second support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein such at least one second support rotator is structured and arranged to permit at least one rotation of such at least one support away from the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position, in response to at least one force above a selected force level applied to the at least one air-flow director.
In addition, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one of such multiple-adjuster types comprises at least one support rotator adjuster structured and arranged to assist rotational adjustment of such at least one support, about the at least one rotational axis generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, to such at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position.
The present technology provides such a cargo trailer system further comprising: at least one support-position translator structured and arranged to assist positional translation of such at least one support with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one support-position translator comprises at least one freedom of movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system further comprising: at least one first support rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such at least one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Even further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one platform attacher comprises at least one clamping assembly structured and arranged to assist adjustable clamping of such at least one platform attacher to at least one structural member of the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Moreover, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one clamping assembly comprises at least one first clamping member and at least one second clamping member, each one structured and arranged to form at least one clamped engagement with at least one flanged portion of the at least one structural member.
Additionally, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises: at least one first threaded tensioner structured and arranged to threadably tension such at least one first clamping member to at least one clamped engagement with the at least one flanged portion of the at least one structural member; at least one second threaded tensioner structured and arranged to threadably tension such at least one second clamping member to at least one other clamped engagement with the at least one flanged portion of the at least one structural member; wherein such at least one first threaded tensioner occupies at least one hinge position with respect to such at least one second threaded tensioner; wherein such at least one second threaded tensioner occupies at least one pivot position with respect to such at least one hinge position; wherein positioning of such first threaded tensioner and such at least one second threaded tensioner assists rotation of such at least one support about the at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein such rotation permits positioning of the air-flow director longitudinally angled with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Also, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one support-position translator comprises such at least one clamping assembly.
Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one support rotator adjuster comprises: at least one threaded member threadably engaged within such at least one rigid channel; wherein such at least one threaded member comprises at least one proximal end and at least one distal end wherein such at least one distal end engages such at least one platform attacher when such at least one rigid channel is biased toward at least one position orienting the at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position; wherein a rotation of such at least one threaded member produces at least one rotational adjustment of such at least one rigid channel, about the at least one rotational axis generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein such at least one rotational adjustment of such at least one rigid channel assists in optimizing placement of such at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position by angular adjustment of such at least one air-flow director relative to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Even further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system further comprising such at least one air-flow director. Moreover, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one air-flow director comprises at least one planar panel structured and arranged to direct away from an under portion of the at least one cargo-supporting platform, a flow of air passing adjacent the at least one cargo-supporting platform.
Additionally, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one air-flow director comprises: at least three planar panels each one structured and arranged to be supported from the cargo-supporting platform by at least two of such at least one supports; wherein such at least three planar panels, when supported in series from the cargo-supporting platform, direct away from an under portion of the at least one cargo-supporting platform, a flow of air passing adjacent the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Also, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system further comprising: at least one resilient deflection member structured and arranged to resiliently deflect under force loading; wherein such at least one resilient deflection member extends generally continuously along a bottom portion of such at least one planar panel. In addition, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein such at least one resilient deflection member further comprises at least one synthetic rubber comprising at least one air-smoothing projection structure and arranged to assist in smoothing airflow along the surface of such at least one resilient deflection member.
In accordance with another embodiment hereof, the present technology provides a cargo trailer system, relating to supporting at least one air-flow director from at least one cargo-supporting platform configured to support cargo during wheeled transport, comprising: at least one support, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, structured and arranged to support the at least one air-flow director; wherein such at least one support comprises at least one position-adjuster structured and arranged to positionally adjust the at least one air-flow director, with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least one cargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director are attached with such at least one support; wherein such at least one position-adjuster comprises at least one platform attacher structured and arranged to attach such at least one support means with the at least one cargo-supporting platform, and at least one first support rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such at least one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise at least four different positional-adjustment types.
In accordance with another embodiment hereof, the present technology provides a cargo trailer system, relating to supporting at least one air-flow director from at least one cargo-supporting platform configured to support cargo during wheeled transport, comprising: support means, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, for supporting the at least one air-flow director; wherein such support means comprises position-adjuster means for positional adjustment of the at least one air-flow director, with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least one cargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director are attached with such support means; wherein such position-adjuster means comprises multiple-adjuster type means for multiple positional adjustments of the at least one air-flow director with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and wherein the multiple positional adjustments comprise at least four different positional-adjustment types.
And, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises: platform attacher means for attaching such support means with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and support-position translator means for assisting positional translation of such support means with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such support-position translator means comprises at least one freedom of movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises: platform attacher means for attaching such support means with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and first support rotator means for rotating such support means with respect to such platform attacher means; wherein such first support rotator means comprises at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform.
Even further, the present technology provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises: platform attacher means for attaching such support means with the at least one cargo-supporting platform; and second support rotator means for rotating such support means, with respect to such platform attacher means; wherein such second support rotator means comprises at least one rotational axis parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, and spring biaser means for spring biasing such support means toward at least one ideal aerodynamic rest-position relative to the at least one cargo-supporting platform. Even further, it provides such a cargo trailer system wherein at least one such multiple-adjuster type means comprises support rotator adjuster means for assisting rotational adjustment of such support means, about the at least one rotational axis generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, to such at least one ideal aerodynamic rest-position. In accordance with various embodiments, the present technology provides each and every novel feature, element, combination, step and/or method disclosed or suggested by this patent application.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and steps throughout the figures.
FIG. 1 shows left-side perspective view, illustrating an advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, mounted in an operable position adjacent a cargo trailer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present technology;
FIG. 2 shows an elevational view, illustrating left-side components of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, demounted from the cargo trailer, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows an exploded side view, illustrating left-side components of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view through a panel-to-panel trim component of both the left-side components and right-side components of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view through a terminating trim component of both the left-side components and the right-side components of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 shows the sectional view 6-6 of FIG. 2, further illustrating the support assembly of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 shows a top view, illustrating an adjustable mounting plate, of a panel support post of the support assembly of FIG. 8, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 shows a partial bottom view, of skirt components of the left-side components and the right-side components of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, mounted to the underside of the cargo trailer at a non-parallel angle, relative to the longitudinal axis of the cargo trailer, according to a exemplary embodiment of the present technology;
FIG. 9 shows a front view of the adjustable mounting plate and the panel support post of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 shows a side view, of a subassembly of the adjustable mounting plate and panel support post of FIG. 10;
FIG. 11 shows a top view, illustrating the adjustable mounting plate, adjusted to a non-parallel angle, relative to the longitudinal axis of the cargo trailer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present technology;
FIG. 12 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating ranges of adjustment provided by the support assembly, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 13 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating a freedom of movement provided by the support assembly, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, through the panel support post of FIG. 9;
FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view, through a panel the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, through a resilient base member of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 17 shows a front view, in partial cut-away section, of an alternate dampener-isolated panel support post of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing, according to another exemplary embodiment of the present technology; and
FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of the section 18-18 of FIG. 17 showing a side view of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support post.



Elements and steps in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequence. For example, steps that may be performed concurrently or in a different order are illustrated in the figures to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
Appendix A shows an alternate structural support member providing positive dampening of periodic frequencies within the fairing structure during use. Such alternate structural support member utilizes an elastomeric-isolator configured to provide dampening of the fairing structures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
The present invention may be described in terms of functional block components and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be realized by any number of components configured to perform the specified functions and achieve the various results. In addition, the present invention may be practiced in conjunction with any number of materials and methods of manufacture and the system described is merely one exemplary application for the invention.
Aerodynamic trucking system 100 may comprises a group of system embodiments configured to improve the aerodynamic performance of wheeled cargo haulers at speed, particularly large road-going trailers serving long-haul cargo transport operations. The fuel efficiency of a motor-driven vehicle is closely related to the aerodynamic configuration of the vehicle, particularly with respect to the amount of air turbulence generated during movement of the vehicle through the air. The greater the air turbulence created by the vehicle the greater the resistance, and the more fuel required to move the vehicle.
Exemplary embodiments of the aerodynamic trucking system 100 function to manage airflow around and under a semi-type cargo trailer, with the achieved goal of significantly reducing aerodynamic turbulence during operation. Testing of the system embodiments showed a significant reduction in turbulent airflow in and around the trailer, resulting in a corresponding reduction of aerodynamic drag, which produced both an increase in fuel economy and reduction of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions at the motorized tractor towing the trailer.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows left-side perspective view, illustrating left-side components 106 and a portion of the right-side components 108 of an advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, mounted in an operable position adjacent the underside of a van-type cargo trailer 104, according to an embodiment of the present technology. FIG. 2 shows an elevational view, illustrating the left-side components 106 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, demounted from cargo trailer 104, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. It should be noted that the structures and arrangements of the depicted left-side components 106 are a mirror of the right-side components 108; therefore, only one set of aerodynamic skirt fairings will be described herein. It is noted that the drawings and descriptions of the left-side components 106 are equally applicable to the mountable embodiments at both sides of cargo trailer 104.
As generally illustrated in FIG. 1, undercarriage 101 of a conventional cargo trailer is comprised of groupings of various drag-producing components, which generally reside below a cargo-supporting floor deck 116 (at least embodying herein at least one cargo-supporting platform), customarily having a rectangular shape, as shown. The drag-producing components of a semi-type cargo trailer undercarriage customarily include longitudinal and transverse structural support members 105 (see also FIG. 8), rear axles 112, brake components (not shown), mud flaps 107, etc. Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (at least embodying herein at least one air-flow director) may function to direct air away from the central regions of the trailer undercarriage 101, which contain the majority of such drag-producing components. Such directional control of airflow during transport operations may reduce the drag-producing interactions between the air and the above-noted structures. More specifically, aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 of aerodynamic trucking system 100 may be configured to minimize aerodynamic drag by promoting laminar air flow along the sides and underneath cargo trailer 104.
Despite a general conformity of van-type trailer designs within the trailer industry, variations exist between the offerings of the various trailer manufacturers. The aerodynamic trucking system 100 may be universally adaptable to most conventional semi-type cargo trailers. To accommodate specific aerodynamic variations within the various trailer configurations, each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be configured to be adjustably mountable to the undercarriage 101 of cargo trailer 104. The integration of an adjustment feature within the system allows an installer to optimize the aerodynamic performance of an installed aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 based on the unique aerodynamic requirements of a specific vehicle platform.
Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may comprise a substantially planar external face 109 that is essentially solid (that is, impermeable to the passage of air). Each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be mounted adjacent one of the two longitudinal lower side rails 110 of the trailer, as shown. The leading edge 111 of each aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be located in a position just aft of the forward landing gear 114, as shown. Both aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 extend rearward, terminating at respective points just ahead of rear axles 112, as shown. Such an arrangement was found to be effective in reducing drag by substantially “shading” the rear axles 112 from the airflow moving past cargo trailer 104.
In general, the placements of aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 may be symmetrical and non-parallel with respect to longitudinal axis 113 of cargo-supporting floor deck 116, as best illustrated in the underside view of FIG. 8. More specifically, the aerodynamic performance of most trailer installations is optimized by aligning the two aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 along a set of symmetrically opposing lines oriented to converge at a point on longitudinal axis 113 forward of the trailer. Each aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 may be adjusted to comprise an angle “A” of between about 1⁄2 and about 8 degrees with respect to longitudinal axis 113. This arrangement “pinches” together the forward ends of two fairings, as shown, and was found in practice to improve the aerodynamic performance of most trailers when so arranged. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, user preference, etc., other fairing arrangements such as, for example, providing fairings placed at greater angular orientations, providing fairings extending approximately a full length of a trailer, providing fairings having one or more non-planar portions, providing fairings having air passages, vents, or other air-permeable portions, etc., may suffice.
FIG. 3 shows an exploded side view, illustrating left-side components 106 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1. Both right-side components 108 and left-side components (each one at least embodying herein at least one air-flow director) may comprise an upper front panel 118, at least one upper center panel(s) 120, and an upper rear panel 122, as shown. A continuous (single piece) flexible lower skirt 126 may span the length of the assembled upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, as shown. The flexible lower skirt 126 may be fixed firmly to the lower edge of each of the upper panels. The flexible lower skirt 126 may be configured for use within aerodynamic trucking system 100, and was found to be instrumental in achieving the high levels of drag reduction exhibited by the system. In addition, flexible lower skirt 126 may function to improve impact resistance within the fairing by providing a region of resilient deflection at the base of the skirt. This arrangement protects the less flexible upper panels from perpendicular impact while allowing the base of the fairing to flex outwardly to release potentially damaging objects.
In one embodiment of the system, upper front panel 118, upper center panel 120, and upper rear panel 122 each comprise a vertical height “H” of about 24 inches. The upper front panel 118 comprises a preferred maximum length L1 of about eight feet, upper center panel 120 comprises a preferred maximum length L2 of about eight feet, and upper rear panel 122 comprises a preferred maximum length L3 of about eight feet. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as trailer length, material preference, etc., other dimensional arrangements such as, for example, altering the length of one or more panel portions to accommodate alternate trailer configurations, etc., may suffice.
To augment aerodynamic performance of the overall fairing assembly, leading edge 111 of front panel 118 may be canted rearward at an inclination X1 of about 68 degrees from horizontal, as shown. The trailing edge 121 of rear panel 122 may be formed as a convex curve that generally corresponds to the external shape of the tires 123 of rear axles 112, as shown. The arcuate profile of trailing edge 121 allows the aft termination of the fairing assembly to be located in a position closely adjacent the forward outboard tires 123 of rear axles 112, without the risk of contact interference. A curve having a slope of about 37 degrees was found to appropriately match trailing edge 121 to the outer diameter of a standard semi-trailer tire. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, user preference, trailer configuration, etc., other termination arrangements such as, for example, alternate angles and/or slopes, non-radius terminations, etc., may suffice.
Each upper panel may be constructed from industry-standard materials selected to comprise a structural rigidity sufficient to support the required air deflection function, while offering a level of mechanical flexibility sufficient to deflect resiliently under small to moderate impact loads, thereby reducing the need for frequent panel repair or replacement due to permanent impact damage. Materials suitable for use in the construction of front panel 118, center panel(s) 120, and rear panel 122 may comprise polyester-coated steel laminated to a low density polyethylene (LPDE) core with a material thickness of about 1⁄8 inch. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, user preference, etc., other material selections such as, for example, aluminum, molded polymer panels, polymer-based composite panels, fiber-reinforced polymer panels, etc., may suffice.
A panel-to-panel trim connector 128 may be provided to cover the gap between adjacent panel sections, as shown. FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view through a H-shaped panel-to-panel trim connector 128 of both the left-side components 106 and right-side components 108. Each panel-to-panel trim connector 128 may be constructed of a durable and lightweight material, such as aluminum. Panel-to-panel trim connector 128 may comprise a material thickness of about 1/32 inch, and may be powder coated to match the finish of external face 109. In a similar manner, both the leading edge 111 of front panel 118 and trailing edge 121 of rear panel 122 may be finished with a 1⁄4-inch “U”-shaped edge trim 125, as generally illustrated in the cross-sectional depiction of FIG. 6.
The air-directing upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 may be supported from the underside structures of cargo trailer 104 by a set of panel supports 130, as shown (at least embodying herein at least one support, attachable to the cargo-supporting platform, structured and arranged to support the at least one air-flow director). Each panel support 130 may comprise a downwardly-projecting support member 103 pivotally coupled to an upper mount 132. Each support member 103 comprise a rigid “hat-shaped” channel 141, formed from at least one durable material, such as steel. To reduce both aerodynamic drag and visual exposure, the base of channel 141 is angled upwardly at about 45 degrees, as shown. A sectional profile of rigid channel 141 is shown in FIG. 14.
FIG. 6 shows the sectional view 6-6 of FIG. 2, illustrating a single example of panel support 130, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Upper mount 132 may be configured to be adjustably mounted to a transverse structural support member 105 of cargo trailer 104, as shown. Each articulated support member 103 may be configured to be adjustable along multiple linear and rotational axes to facilitate the above-noted optimized aerodynamic positioning of respective aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 within a specific tractor-trailer setup (at least embodying herein at least one position-adjuster structured and arranged to positionally adjust the at least one air-flow director, with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform, when the at least one cargo-supporting platform and the at least one air-flow director are attached with such at least one support; and at least embodying herein wherein such at least one position-adjuster comprises multiple-adjuster types structured and arranged to provide multiple positional adjustments of the at least one air-flow director with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform). Each articulated support member 103 may comprise at least four different positional-adjustment types, as further described below.
FIG. 7 shows a top view, illustrating clamping assembly 134 of upper mount 132, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Specific reference is now made to FIG. 7 with continued reference to the prior illustrations. Clamping assembly 134 may be configured to firmly clamp upper mount 132 to a lower horizontal flange 136 of structural support member 105, as diagrammatically indicated by the dashed-line depiction of the accompanying illustrations (at least embodying herein at least one clamping assembly structured and arranged to assist adjustable clamping of such at least one platform attacher to at least one structural member of the at least one cargo-supporting platform). Clamping assembly 134 may comprise a pair of upper clamping members identified herein as first clamping member 137 and second clamping member 138, as shown. First clamping member 137 and second clamping member 138 may be arranged to compressively engage the top of flange 136, as shown. Clamping assembly 134 further comprises a clamping plate 140 arranged to engage the underside of flange 136, as shown. Clamping plate 140 may be constructed from metallic plate, such as, for example, steel plate having a thickness of about one quarter inch.
A first threaded tensioner 142, may comprise a threaded bolt and nut, which engages both first clamping member 137 and clamping plate 140, as shown. First threaded tensioner 142 may be configured to threadably tension first clamping member 137 to at least one clamped engagement with flange 136 of structural support member 105. A second threaded tensioner 144, may comprise a threaded bolt and nut, which engages both second clamping member 138 and clamping plate 140, as shown. Second threaded tensioner 144 may be configured to threadably tension second clamping member 138 to at least one clamped engagement with flange 136.
When both first threaded tensioner 142 and second threaded tensioner 144 are loosened, panel support 130 is free to translate along structural support member 105 in a direction generally parallel to cargo-supporting floor deck 116 and transverse to longitudinal axis 113 (at least embodying herein at least one support-position translator structured and arranged to assist positional translation of such at least one support with respect to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one support-position translator comprises at least one freedom of movement generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform). When panel support 130 reaches a selected location along structural support member 105, by the generally horizontal translational adjustment, both first threaded tensioner 142 and second threaded tensioner 144 may be tightened to firmly clamp panel support 130 in place. The above-described translational adjustment, enabled by the operation of clamping assembly 134, may comprise a first of the four different positional-adjustment types.
Panel support 130 may comprise an additional positional adjuster, identified herein as support rotator 131, comprising the first of three rotational adjusters integrated within panel support 130. Support rotator 131 may be structured and arranged to enable the rotation of panel support 130 about a rotational axis 156 oriented approximately perpendicular to planar surface 158 (see FIG. 9) of cargo-supporting floor deck 116 (at least embodying herein at least one first support rotator structured and arranged to assist rotation of such at least one support with respect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at least one first support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform). The ability to rotate panel support 130 about rotational axis 156 facilitates the non-orthogonal positioning of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, and may comprise a second of the four different positional-adjustment types.
As best illustrated in the illustrations of FIG. 7 and FIG. 11, first threaded tensioner 142 may pass through a set of circular apertures 146 located within first clamping member 137 and one side of clamping plate 140, as shown. Second threaded tensioner 144 passes through a circular aperture 148 located within second clamping member 138 and an arcuate slot 150 located within an opposing side of clamping plate 140, as shown. This arrangement places first threaded tensioner 142 in a hinge position 152 with respect to second threaded tensioner 144, with second threaded tensioner 144 occupying a pivot position 154 with respect to hinge position 152.
FIG. 8 shows a partial bottom view, of left-side components 106 and right-side components 108 of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, mounted to trailer undercarriage 101 at non-parallel angles relative to longitudinal axis 113, according to an optimized installation of the present technology. The functions provided by support rotator 131 may be enabled by the above-noted arrangements of first threaded tensioner 142, second threaded tensioner 144, and clamping plate 140, which together enable the rotation of the full panel support 130 about rotational axis 156. The rotational adjustability of panel support 130 about rotational axis 156 permits the non-orthogonal positioning of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, at multiple selected angles with respect to the transverse structural support members 105, without applying undue stress to the connections between upper panels and their respective panel supports 130. This greatly increases the in-service durability of the system, by eliminating the need for the upper panels to twist or flex at their support mountings.
FIG. 9 shows a front view of panel supports 130, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. FIG. 10 shows a side view, of subassembly 160 of upper mounting assembly 132. Each panel support 130 may comprise an additional set of rotational positioners, including support rotator 161 used to assist the upward rotation of articulated support member 103 with respect to upper mounting assembly 132. More specifically, each articulated support member 103 may be structured and arranged to be rotatable about a generally horizontal rotational axis 162 that is oriented approximately parallel to planar surface 158 of cargo-supporting floor deck 116 (at least embodying herein at least one second support rotator structured and arranged to rotate such at least one support, with respect to such at least one platform attacher; wherein such at least one second support rotator comprises at least one rotational axis parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform). The ability to rotate articulated support member 103 about rotational axis 162 permits aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 to temporarily rotate up and away from physical obstructions impacting the panels, and comprises a third of the four different positional-adjustment types.
In one embodiment of the system, support rotator 161 comprises a cylindrical bar 164 on which articulated support member 103 (at least embodying herein at least one rigid channel) is pivotally engaged, as shown. Cylindrical bar 164 may be supported within opposing sidewalls 166 of a “U”-shaped frame 168, which projects downwardly from the lower surface of clamping plate 140, as shown. Frame 168 may be constructed from heavy-gauge sheet metal, such as, for example sheet steel having a thickness of about seven gauge. Frame 168 also comprises a rear wall 170 that is rigidly fixed to clamping plate 140 along with the opposing sidewalls 166. The cylindrical bar 164 may be removably retained within the opposing sidewalls 166 by means of a fixed head 172 and removable cotter pin 174, as shown.
Each articulated support member 103 may be “spring loaded” to bias aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 toward the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 depicted in FIG. 1. In one embodiment of the system, each panel support 130 comprises an integral spring biaser 176 comprising a helical torsion-type spring 178 engaged over cylindrical bar 164, as shown (at least embodying herein at least one spring biaser structured and arranged to spring bias such at least one support to place the at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position relative to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein at least one pivot bar is fixed to such at least one platform attacher in an orientation coaxial with the rotational axis perpendicular to the at least one cargo-supporting platform; wherein such at least one rigid channel is pivotally engaged on such at least one pivot bar; and wherein such at least one spring biaser comprises at least one helical-type torsion spring structured and arranged to apply at least one spring force concurrently to such at least one platform attacher and such at least one rigid channel to bias such at least one rigid channel toward at least one position orienting the at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position).
Helical torsion-type spring 178 may comprise a double-spring design (two sets of coils wound in opposite directions around the same center axis and joined by a central connecting leg 180), as shown. Central connecting leg 180 may be engaged within slot 182 formed within rear wall 170, as shown. Each end of helical torsion-type spring 178 comprises a projecting leg 184 that engages crossbar 186 of articulated support member 103, as best shown in FIG. 12.
The torque force generated by helical torsion-type spring 178 may be applied concurrently to the underside of clamping plate 140 and crossbar 186 of articulated support member 103, as shown. The lower face of clamping plate 140, on which central connecting leg 180 is engaged, is located a vertical distance D1 above the horizontal rotational axis 162 of both cylindrical bar 164 and helical torsion-type spring 178, as shown. The center of crossbar 186 may be located a vertical distance D2 below horizontal rotational axis 162 and may be shifted a horizontal distance D3 forward of the horizontal rotational axis 162. In one embodiment of the system, D1 comprises a vertical distance of about one inch, D2 comprises a vertical distance of about 1.3 inches, and D3 comprises a horizontal distance of about one inch.
FIG. 12 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating the integration of spring biaser 176 within panel support 130 and the ranges of adjustment provided by the assembly. FIG. 13 shows a partial side view, diagrammatically illustrating an upward freedom of movement of articulated support members 103, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. As articulated support member 103 pivots upwardly, the center of crossbar 186 sweeps along an arcuate path having a radius R1 of about 15⁄8 inches. Support rotator 131 may be configured to permit articulated support member 103 to rotate upwardly, from the selected aerodynamic rest-position 115, with about a 40-degree range of free motion. As best illustrated in FIG. 13, opposing sidewalls 166 may be shaped to provide clearance for crossbar 186 during its upward swing.
The mechanical performance of helical torsion-type spring 178 may be selected to maintain aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 in the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 during use, while permitting upward rotation of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (comprising the articulated support members 103), from the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115, in response to the application of an impact force above a selected force level. By selecting the appropriate spring force applied by the helical torsion-type springs 178 of support rotator 161, the level of wind loading (or impact loading) required to rotate aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 away from the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 may be selected (at least embodying herein wherein said at least one second support rotator is structured and arranged to permit at least one rotation of said at least one support away from the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position, in response to at least one force above a selected force level applied to the at least one air-flow director).
The forward offset distance D3, between horizontal rotational axis 162 and crossbar 186, may provide about 27-degrees of initial angular displacement of the projecting legs 184, as shown. This serves to pre-load helical torsion-type spring 178 when the fairing is located in generally vertical aerodynamic rest-position 115, thereby reducing the occurrence of transient vibrations during operation.
In one embodiment, a spring providing not more than about 65 inch-pounds of torque resistance, and no less than about 25 inch-pounds of torque resistance may be used for installation. More particularly, a spring providing a torque of about 30 inch-pounds (as a measured average over about a 40-degree range of motion) was found to be optimal for most installations. This selection was based on the measured spring performance within the geometrical configuration of the embodiment of FIG. 1. Such geometrical configuration may comprise the use of four helical torsion-type springs 178 may be located within four panel supports 130 and a total fairing weight of not more than about 230 pounds.
A double helical spring providing the required spring force may comprise two coiled bodies, each one having at least three active coils, as shown, and a wire diameter of about 1⁄4 inch. It was further determined that selection of a spring having an initial torque rating of about 45 inch-pounds eventually produced the 30 inch-pounds of torque resistance after a short period of dynamic operation. Thus, in practice, springs of the higher initial torque specification may be selected for integration within the various embodiments of the system. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, user preference, etc., other spring arrangements such as, for example, “L”-shaped sections of spring steel structured and arranged to engage the articulated support member and mounting plate, rubber members, flexible bars, compression springs, tension springs, leaf springs, gas springs, etc., may suffice.
The fourth of the multiple-adjuster types may comprise a support rotator adjuster 188 configured to assist fine rotational adjustment of articulated support member 103 about horizontal rotational axis 162. One support rotator adjuster 188 may be integrated within each panel support 130 to allow the vertical orientation of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 to be adjusted to the most beneficial aerodynamic rest-position 115 (thereby addressing hysteresis variations within the springs as well as irregularities in the trailer structure).
Support rotator adjuster 188 may comprise threaded member 192 that is rotatably engaged within threaded socket 194 of channel 141. Threaded member 192 may comprise a distal end 195 arranged to contact rear wall 170 of subassembly 160 (at least embodying herein at least one platform attacher), and a proximal end 196, comprising a hexagonal head adapted to receive a wrench or similar tool used to set the depth of thread threaded member 192 within threaded socket 194 by rotational manipulation. A jamb nut 197 maintains the positioning of threaded member 192 within threaded socket 194 once the adjustment is complete.
Distal end 195 limits the outward pivotal rotation of support member 103 by contacting rear wall 170, as shown. Rotation of threaded member 192 produces fine rotational adjustments in support member 103 about horizontal rotational axis 162 (at least embodying herein at least one rotational axis generally parallel to the at least one cargo-supporting platform) by lengthening or shortening the portion of threaded member 192 situate between rear wall 170 and rear wall 198 of channel 141. This adjustability allows an installer to fine-tune the vertical orientation of the fairing to achieve an optimized aerodynamics, typically by placing the panels in an approximately perpendicular (vertical) position relative to cargo-supporting floor deck 116. When properly adjusted, support member 103 may be arranged to orient aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 in the useful aerodynamic rest-position 115 (at least embodying herein wherein rotational adjustment of such at least one rigid channel assists in optimizing placement of such at least one air-flow director in the at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position by angular adjustment of such at least one air-flow director relative to the at least one cargo-supporting platform).
Thus, as diagrammatically illustrated by the directional arrows of FIG. 12, the above-described arrangements of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 provide four different positional-adjustment types, comprising; the generally horizontal translational adjustment 201 enabled by clamping assembly 134, a first rotational adjustment 202 enabled by support rotator 131 (providing the axial rotation of articulated support member 103 about the generally vertical rotational axis 156), a second rotational adjustment 203 enabled by support rotator 161 (providing the upward pivoting of articulated support member 103 illustrated in FIG. 13), and a third rotational adjustment 204 used to fine-tune the orientation of the fairing by support rotator adjuster 188.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view, through the rigid channel 141 of articulated support member 103. Channel 141 is configured to appropriately support the weight and dynamic force loads of the wind-deflecting panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 during operation. Each channel 141 may comprise a set of mounting flanges 220 on which the upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 are affixed. Channel 141 may be constructed from heavy-gauge sheet metal, such as, for example sheet steel having about a 14-gauge thickness. In one embodiment, the channel 141 comprises a member depth D4 of about 31⁄2 inches, an overall width W1 of about 43⁄8 inches, and a flange width W2 of about one inch.
The upper panels of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 are fixed to channel 141 by mechanical fasteners 216, which are secured through the panels and mounting flanges 220, as shown. In one embodiment of the system, mechanical fasteners 216 comprise rivets.
FIG. 15 is a partial cross-sectional view, through the upper peripheral edge 222 of an upper panel of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. Upper front panel 118, upper center panel 120, and upper rear panel 122 each comprise angle member 224, as shown. Angle member 224 functions to stiffen the upper panel assembly and further assists in supporting the upper panel from articulated support members 103. Angle member 224 comprises a metallic angle, such as, for example, a 1 inch by 1 inch by 1⁄4-inch thick aluminum angle, mechanically fastened and riveted to its respective upper panel by a 1⁄4 inch by 3⁄4-inch aluminum rivet.
Dynamic forces applied at the lower region of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 tend to produce the greatest dynamic actions within the assembly. This is due in part to the geometry of the structure, wherein aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 is, from a force-application perspective, a hinged cantilevered support that must resist bending moments and shear forces resulting from lateral wind loading. Any reduction of turbulence-generated force loads at the base of the fairing (that is, the maximum moment-arm length of the cantilevered support) is highly beneficial in that the overall panel system may comprise lighter and more flexible materials, without exhibiting unstable behavior. Applicant was successful in reducing unwanted dynamic actions within the operating assembly, such as fluttering and similar flow-induced vibration arising out of non-laminar fluid-structure interactions, through the use of the lower skirt 126 described herein.
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view, through the resilient lower skirt 126 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. The lower skirt 126 may be configured to extend uninterrupted along the entire length of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102. The seamless profile of lower skirt 126 was found to assists in reducing air turbulence along the lower region of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102. The uninterrupted lower skirt 126 functions to tie the entire assembly together, so that fluctuating pressure forces acting against any one panel are distributed across the entire assembly. Furthermore, the resilient composition of lower skirt 126 functions as a vibration damper to attenuate vibrations and similar oscillations occurring within the assembly. This makes aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 more stable and thus, more aerodynamic.
A series of semicircular projecting ridges 225 may be formed along the upper outboard side of lower skirt 126, as shown. More specifically, a set of six semicircular projecting ridges 225, each having a diameter of about 1⁄8 inch, are formed within the upper two inches of lower skirt 126. These projecting ridges 225 are substantially linear in conformation and extend longitudinally along the length of the member. Projecting ridges 225 function to protect lower skirt 126 from side impact and stiffen both the skirt and underlying panel assembly on which it is attached.
A series of ball-shaped projections 230 are formed near the base of lower skirt 126, as shown. These ball-shaped projections 230 are substantially linear in conformation and extend longitudinally along the full length of the member. In one embodiment of the system, the lowest ball projection comprises a diameter of about 3⁄8 inches. A pair of upper ball projections, vertically spaced approximately 3⁄4 inch apart, each comprising diameters of about 9/32.
Ball-shaped projections 230 may function to channel air, making the skirt more stable. More specifically, it is believed that integration of the ball-shaped projections 230 within lower skirt 126 effectively smoothes the flow of air across the lower surfaces of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, thereby reducing the tendency of the flow to separate from the surface of the skirt, which would otherwise give rise to vortex turbulence at one or either side of the member. Promoting laminar flow at the aerodynamic surfaces, by limiting the development of such vortex turbulence, reduces the magnitude of fluctuating pressure forces acting on the assembly, thus reducing the tendency of the fairing to exhibit fluttering or other vibrations during operation. In addition, ball-shaped projections 230 offer a further means for protecting the upper panel from impact when lower skirt 126 comes between a foreign object and the upper panels.
Lower skirt 126 may comprise an overall height of about 91⁄2 inches and a thickness, excluding the above-noted projections, of about 5/32 inch. Lower skirt 126 may be provided in rolled form and is cut to length during installation. A continuous “cleat” 226 is molded on the rear face of the skirt, approximately 11⁄2 inches below the upper peripheral edge of lower skirt 126, as shown. Cleat 226 acts as a guide to ensure quick, straight installation of lower skirt 126 to the base of the upper panels. In addition, cleat 226 functions to further protect the upper panels from bottom-up impacts.
Lower skirt 126 is may be capable of operating within a broad temperature range, ranging between about −40-degrees Fahrenheit and about 300-degrees Fahrenheit. The resilient lower skirt 126 may be made of a flexible vulcanized plastic, such as a synthetic rubber like SANOPRENE® sold by the U.S.-based Monsanto Company.
To reduce NOx, greenhouse gases, and improve fuel efficiency, legacy fleets can be retrofitted with the advanced aerodynamic trailer skirt 102. Alternately, the skirt assemblies can be provided as new equipment options.
Physical Testing
Physical testing of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 demonstrated average fuel savings of greater than about seven percent, when compared to baseline test vehicles operated without aerodynamic skirt fairing 102. Testing was undertaken by an independent agency in strict conformance with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing guidelines.
The test utilized two new model-year 2011 Volvo tractors equipped with Cummins engines and Wabash “Duraplate” cargo trailers (104) having a length of 53 feet. The test provided a comparison between a cargo trailer fitted with aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 and one without. Aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 were located below the sides of the cargo trailer as illustrated in FIG. 1. Fuel consumption was measured by weighing an auxiliary fuel tank on each vehicle.
The test was run at the General Motors Proving Grounds in Yuma, Ariz. The vehicles were driven on the inner lane of the three and one half mile circle track an elevation of about 509 feet above sea level. The inner lane of the track was a paved concrete surface and has comprised a grade change of about 0.78 degrees. Testing began with an hour warm-up at 2:15 AM on the 23rd day of April with all runs being completed the same day. Weather data was recorded on site and comprised a temperature of 53.2 degrees Fahrenheit, humidity of 72 percent, wind speed of about 3 miles per hour and wind gusts of about 4.2 miles per hour.
Both the baseline and test portions were carried out according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1321 and the EPA SmartWay modifications. Twelve laps were driven at a speed of 65 MPH for a total of 41.6 miles and a run time of around 39 minutes. Both trucks started and stopped in the same location off the track where the fuel was weighed. The scale was leveled and calibrated with two 50-pound calibrated weights before the fuel was weighed before each run. Run times for each vehicle were measured using approved timers. During each run real-time data for engine speed, vehicle speed, coolant temperature, oil pressure, oil temperature, voltage, outside air pressure, and outside temperature were recorded for each lap. A total of four runs were required for each test to achieve the required data.
For the baseline test, the first run, with a ratio of 0.986, was not used. For the test runs the third run, with a ratio of 0.984, was not used. The averages for the baseline runs and test runs were 1.013 and 0.945 respectively. By using the calculations outlined in the SAE J1321 specification, the percentage fuel savings between the two tests were measured at 6.68 percent after aerodynamic skirt fairings 102 were added which equates to a 7.15 percentage improvement in fuel economy. The various embodiments described herein were shown to significantly exceed the minimum requirements for EPA SMARTWAY certification required for a Class-8 sleeper-cab tractor/trailer combination.
FIG. 17 shows a front view, in partial cut-away section, of alternate dampener-isolated panel support 302 of the advanced aerodynamic skirt fairing 102, according to another embodiment of the present system. FIG. 18 shows a sectional view of the section 18-18 of FIG. 17 showing a sectional side view of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support 302. Appendix A shows additional supporting information according to the arrangements of the alternate dampener-isolated panel support 302.
Referring to FIG. 17, FIG. 18, and the illustrations of Appendix A, dampener-isolated panel support 302 may comprise an alternately-configured articulated support member 103 providing the support and articulation features provided by the prior embodiments in addition to dampening of periodic frequencies within the fairing structure during use.
The upper mounting assembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302 may be coupled to the lower panel support member 308 by at least one elastomeric-isolator 304, as shown (at least embodying herein at least one elastomerically-isolated coupler). The elastomeric-isolator 304 may be configured to dampen and attenuate transient vibrations, dynamic loads, oscillating forces, etc. transmitted between the lower panel support member 308 of aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 (see FIG. 1) and upper mounting assembly 306. Elastomeric-isolator 304 is configured to comprise rotational axis 310 about which the lower member supporting aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 articulates. The elastomeric-isolator 304 may dissipate energy as aerodynamic skirt fairing 102 articulates about such axis.
The upper mounting assembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302 may comprise a downwardly-projecting engagement member 312 rigidly joined to the underside of clamping plate 314, as shown. Engagement member 312 may comprise a one-inch diameter steel rod having a projecting length of about three inches. Engagement member 312 may be thermally welded to clamping plate 314, as shown. In one embodiment, there is no steel to steel connection between the upper mounting assembly 306 of dampener-isolated panel support 302 and lower panel support member 308.
The elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise a rigid peripheral frame 316 having metallic outer walls defining an internal region structured and arranged to receive engagement member 312, as shown. Peripheral frame 316 may be rigidly mounted to the outside of channel 318 that forms the lower panel support member 308, as shown. Peripheral frame 316 may be rigidly mounted to the outside of channel 318 by an opposing pair of side gusset plates 317, as shown, and is located about one and one-half inches below the bottom of clamping plate 314.
Elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise a pivot point for enabling at least one first freedom of movement about rotational axis 310 (a first pivot axis). Elastomeric-isolator 304 may comprise dampener means 322 for damping the movement of lower panel support member 308 (and the fairing assembly) about rotational axis 310. Such dampener means 322 may comprise an elastomeric material coupling engagement member 312 and peripheral frame 316. Elastomeric-isolator 304 further comprises restrainer means 324 for restraining movement of the lower panel support member 308 along a second freedom of movement generally perpendicular to such at least one first freedom of movement. Elastomeric-isolator 304 comprises elastomeric limiters 326 to limit the rotation of the lower panel support member 308 about rotational axis 310.
Engagement member 312 may be engaged within the bore of a metallic sleeve 328 and is removably captured therein by at least one removable retainer 330. The selected elastomeric material may be molded or otherwise coupled to the outer surfaces of metallic sleeve 328 and inner walls of peripheral frame 316, as shown. The mechanical properties of the selected elastomeric material may be matched to the performance requirements of the application. The elastomeric material may comprise a synthetic material having a Shore A (Durometer) hardness of between about 50 and about 95. The selected elastomer may be shaped to provide a controlled rotational axis 310 and means for restraining rotation transversely to rotational axis 310 (identified herein as restrainer means 324). More specifically, the selected elastomer is shaped to form a pair of transverse bridge members extending between opposing sides of metallic sleeve 328 and inner walls of peripheral frame 316, as shown. The bridges are configured to enable dampened resilient movement about rotational axis 310 and relatively restrained movement in the direction transverse to rotational axis 310. Elastomeric limiters 326 may comprise an opposing set of ramp-shaped elastomeric blocks placed within the peripheral frame 316, as shown, and function to resiliently limit pivoting of lower panel support member 308 by impingement of the sleeve on the ramp-shaped limiters.
Dampener-isolated panel support 302 may function to reduce the capacity of the system to respond to excitations generated by wind loads and other dynamic force loads during use. Dampener-isolated panel support 302 may assist in controlling resonance, which generally arise as frequencies matching the natural frequency of the overall fairing system coincide with external vibration frequencies imposed by the vehicle and surrounding environment. The clamping plate 314 may be further modified to comprise at least one upwardly-projecting restraint wall 332 structured and arranged to restrain rotation of first clamping member 137 about first threaded tensioner 142. Furthermore, clamping plate 314 is modified to comprise a set of aperture-containing fastener tabs 336 allowing a fastener (a screw or bolt) to pass through fastener tab 336 to further secure clamping plate 314 to the underside flange 136 of structural support member 105.
The present technology has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments. Various modifications and changes, however, may be made without departing from the scope of the present technology. The description and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative manner, rather than a restrictive one and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present technology. Accordingly, the scope of the present technology should be determined by the generic embodiments described and their legal equivalents rather than by merely the specific examples described above. For example, the steps recited in any method or process embodiment may be executed in any order, unless otherwise expressly specified, and are not limited to the explicit order presented in the specific examples. Additionally, the components and/or elements recited in any apparatus embodiment may be assembled or otherwise operationally configured in a variety of permutations to produce substantially the same result as the present technology and are accordingly not limited to the specific configuration recited in the specific examples.
Benefits, other advantages and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to particular embodiments; however, any benefit, advantage, solution to problems or any element that may cause any particular benefit, advantage or solution to occur or to become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required or essential features or components.
As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any variation thereof, are intended to reference a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, composition or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements recited, but may also include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, composition or apparatus. Other combinations and/or modifications of the above-described structures, arrangements, applications, proportions, elements, materials or components used in the practice of the present technology, in addition to those not specifically recited, may be varied or otherwise particularly adapted to specific environments, manufacturing specifications, design parameters or other operating requirements without departing from the general principles of the same.
The present technology has been described above with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, changes and modifications may be made to the preferred embodiment without departing from the scope of the present invention. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, as expressed in the following claims.

## Claims

1. A side skirt system, relating to a set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels for reducing aerodynamic drag below cargo trailers comprising generally-rectilinear floor assemblies each having longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forward portion, a trailing portion, and a pair of landing gear and a rear, and having at least one rear wheel assembly situated below such respective generally rectilinear floor, comprising:
a) a plurality of generally-vertical support posts, said plurality located generally below a longitudinal side;
b) wherein each respective generally-vertical support post of said plurality comprises a respective upper end;
c) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled only adjacent, at said respective upper end, with said generally-rectilinear floor assembly;
d) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled below said upper end to at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels;
e) wherein said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels extend from said forward portion to said trailing portion of said cargo trailer, wherein said trailing portion of said cargo trailer comprises the rear of the cargo trailer;
f) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is configured to assist upward and inward pivoting of at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels and impact damage of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels may be reduced by such upward and inward pivoting;
g) wherein said upper end comprises at least one adjustable attacher structured and arranged to adjustably attach said generally-vertical support post to said generally-rectilinear floor;
h) wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises:
at least one mounting plate structured and arranged to assist mounted engagement of said generally-vertical support post with said generally-rectilinear floor; and
at least one threaded-shaft tensioner structured and arranged to tension said at least one mounting plate toward such mounted engagement; wherein said at least one mounting plate comprises at least one slotted aperture structured and arranged to receive at least one positional maintainer; and

i) wherein interaction of airflow below said cargo trailer, when moving forward, with said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels reduces aerodynamic drag of said cargo trailer.

2. The side skirt system according to claim 1, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located aft of the at least one rear wheel assembly.

3. The side skirt system according to claim 1, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located forward of the pair of landing gear.

4. A side skirt system, relating to a set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels for reducing aerodynamic drag below cargo trailers comprising a generally-rectilinear floor assembly having longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forward portion, a trailing portion, and a pair of landing gear and a rear, and having at least one rear wheel assembly situated below said generally-rectilinear floor, comprising:
a) a plurality of generally-vertical support posts, said plurality located generally below a longitudinal side; and
b) wherein each respective generally-vertical support post of said plurality comprises a respective upper end;
c) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled only adjacent, at said respective upper end, with said generally-rectilinear floor assembly;
d) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled below said upper end to at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels;
e) wherein said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels extend from said forward portion to said trailing portion of said cargo trailer, wherein said trailing portion of said cargo trailer comprises the rear of the cargo trailer;
f) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is configured to assist upward and inward pivoting of at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels and impact damage of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels may be reduced by such upward and inward pivoting;
g) wherein said upper end comprises at least one adjustable attacher structured and arranged to adjustably attach said generally-vertical support post to said generally-rectilinear floor;
h) wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises at least one vertical-axis rotator configured to allow rotation of said generally-vertical support post about a generally-vertical axis;
i) wherein said at least one vertical-axis rotator comprises at least one positional maintainer structured and arranged to maintain such respective generally-vertical support post in at least one defined rotational position about such generally-vertical axis; and
j) wherein interaction of airflow below said cargo trailer, when moving forward, with said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels reduces aerodynamic drag of said cargo trailer.

5. The side skirt system according to claim 4, wherein:
a) such respective generally-vertical support post further comprises at least one positional biaser structured and arranged to positionally bias such respective generally-vertical support post into at least one generally-vertical position; and
b) said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels are positionally biased toward at least one useful aerodynamic rest-position.

6. The side skirt system according to claim 4, wherein said at least one adjustable attacher further comprises at least one clamping assembly structured and arranged to assist adjustable clamping of said generally-vertical support post to at least one floor support member of said generally-rectilinear floor.

7. The side skirt system according to claim 6, wherein said at least one positional biaser comprises at least one elastomerically-isolated coupler.

8. The side skirt system according to claim 4, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located aft of the at least one rear wheel assembly.

9. The side skirt system according to claim 4, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located forward of the pair of landing gear.

10. A side skirt system, relating to a set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels for reducing aerodynamic drag below cargo trailers comprising a generally-rectilinear floor assembly having longitudinal sides, a longitudinal axis, a forward portion, a trailing portion, and a pair of landing gear and a rear, and having at least one rear wheel assembly situated below said generally-rectilinear floor, comprising:
a) a plurality of generally-vertical support posts, said plurality located generally below a longitudinal side;
b) wherein each respective generally-vertical support post of said plurality comprises a respective upper end;
c) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled only adjacent, at said respective upper end, with said generally-rectilinear floor assembly by at least one elastomerically-isolated coupler;
d) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is coupled below said upper end to at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels;
e) wherein said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels extend from said forward portion to said trailing portion of said cargo trailer, wherein said trailing portion of said cargo trailer comprises the rear of the cargo trailer;
f) wherein each such respective generally-vertical support post is configured to assist upward and inward pivoting of at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels to reduce impact damage; and
g) wherein said upper end comprises at least one adjustable attacher structured and arranged to adjustably attach said generally-vertical support post to said generally-rectilinear floor; wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises at least one positional maintainer configured to allow rotation of said generally-vertical support post about a generally-vertical axis;
h) wherein said at least one adjustable attacher comprises:
at least one mounting plate structured and arranged to assist mounted engagement of said generally-vertical support post with said generally-rectilinear floor; and
at least one threaded-shaft tensioner structured and arranged to tension said at least one mounting plate toward such mounted engagement;
wherein said at least one mounting plate comprises at least one slotted aperture structured and arranged to receive the at least one positional maintainer.

11. The side skirt system according to claim 10, wherein such respective generally-vertical support post further comprises at least one positional biaser structured and arranged to positionally bias such respective generally-vertical support post into at least one generally-vertical position and wherein said at least one positional biaser comprises the at least one elastomerically-isolated coupler.

12. The side skirt system according to claim 11, wherein said generally-vertical support post comprises at least one channel having at least one mounting flange structured and arranged to assist connection of at least one of said set of generally-vertical side-skirt wall panels to such respective generally-vertical support post.

13. The side skirt system according to claim 12, wherein said at least one mounting plate and said at least one threaded-shaft tensioner are configured to form at least one clamping assembly structured and arranged to assist, when assembled, adjustable clamping of said generally-vertical support post to such at least one floor support member of such generally-rectilinear floor.

14. The side skirt system according to claim 10, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located aft of the at least one rear wheel assembly.

15. The side skirt system according to claim 10, wherein at least one generally-vertical support post is located forward of the pair of landing gear.