UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549

                                   FORM 20-F

         [ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF
                      THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

                                       OR

            [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
                        SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

                  For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

                                       OR

          [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
                        SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
                For the transition period from________to________

                       Commission file number: 2-0-27648

                          VocalTec Communications Ltd.
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter
                         and translation into English)

                                State of Israel
                (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

                                2 Maskit Street
                             Herzliya Pituach 46733
                                     Israel
                    (Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Ordinary Shares, par value of NIS 0.01                Nasdaq SmallCap
       Title of each class                         Name of each exchange
                                                    on which registered

Securities for which there are a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d)
of the Act:

None.

The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of capital or
common stock as of December 31, 2004

15,081,523 Ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past ninety (90) days.

         [X]  Yes
         [ ]  No

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has
elected to follow.

         [ ]  Item 17
         [X]  Item 18

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST
FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and
reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan
confirmed by a court.

         [ ]  Yes
         [ ]  No

<PAGE>

                                PRELIMINARY NOTE
                                ----------------

This annual report contains historical information and forward-looking
statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
of 1995 with respect to VocalTec's business, financial condition and results of
operations. The words "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend,"
"may," "plan," "project" and "should" and similar expressions, as they relate
to VocalTec or its management, are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. Such statements reflect the current views and assumptions of
VocalTec with respect to future events and are subject to risks and
uncertainties. Many factors could cause the actual results, performance or
achievements of VocalTec to be materially different from any future results,
performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such
forward-looking statements, including, among others, changes in the
telecommunications and VoIP markets and in general economic and business
conditions, loss of key customers and unpredictable sales cycles, competitive
pressures, market acceptance of new products, inability to meet efficiency and
cost reduction objectives, changes in business strategy and various other
factors, both referenced and not referenced in this annual report. These risks
are more fully described under "Item 3 - Key Information - Risk Factors" of
this annual report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties
materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results
may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed,
estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. VocalTec does not intend
or assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.

In this annual report, all references to "VocalTec," "we," "us" or "our" are to
VocalTec Communications Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the State
of Israel, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
VocalTec and Essentra are registered trademarks of VocalTec Communications Ltd.
Other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
In this annual report, unless otherwise specified or unless the context
otherwise requires, all references to "$" or "dollars" are to U.S. dollars and
all references to "NIS" are to New Israeli Shekels. Except as otherwise
indicated, financial statements of, and information regarding, VocalTec are
presented in U.S. dollars.
<PAGE>

Index

PART ONE

Item 1.   Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers - Not applicable
Item 2.   Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable - Not applicable
Item 3.   Key Information
Item 4.   Information on the Company
Item 5.   Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Item 6.   Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Item 7.   Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
Item 8.   Financial Information
Item 9.   The Offer and Listing
Item 10.  Additional Information
Item 11.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Item 12.  Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities - Not
          applicable

PART TWO

Item 13.  Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Item 14.  Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of
          Proceeds
Item 15.  Controls and Procedures
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Item 16B. Code of Ethics; Standards of Business Conduct
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

PART THREE

Item 17.  Financial Statements - Not applicable
Item 18.  Financial Statements
Item 19.  Exhibits

EXHIBITS INDEX

SIGNATURES
<PAGE>

PART ONE


ITEM 1.     IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.


ITEM 2.     OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.


ITEM 3.     KEY INFORMATION

3A.      Selected Financial Data

Our historical Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") and
are presented in U.S. dollars. The selected historical consolidated financial
information set forth below has been derived from the historical Consolidated
Financial Statements of VocalTec Communications Ltd., or the Company, for the
years presented. Historical information as of and for the five years ended
December 31, 2004 is derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements, which
have been audited by Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer, a Member of Ernst & Young
Global and Luboshitz Kasierer, an Affiliate Member of Ernst & Young
International.

The information presented below is qualified by the more detailed historical
Consolidated Financial Statements set forth elsewhere in this document, and
should be read in conjunction with those Consolidated Financial Statements, the
notes thereto and the discussion under "Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects" included elsewhere in this report.

<TABLE>
            Statement of Operations Data - Year Ended December 31st
             (in thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share data)
<CAPTION>
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            2000        2001        2002        2003       2004
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S>                                        <C>         <C>         <C>         <C>         <C>
Sales                                      $37,499     $27,018     $15,588     $18,686     $5,452
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of sales                               13,040       9,433       6,668       8,723      3,372
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Inventory write off                              -       1,441         870           -      1,109
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit                                24,459      16,144       8,050       9,963        971
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Research and development, net                8,290       7,842       6,138       4,132      4,284
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selling and marketing, net                  23,018      23,692      16,401      10,344      7,181
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General and administrative                   6,720       6,420       4,512       3,621      2,752
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring costs                              -       1,753       2,703           -          -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total operating expenses                    38,028      39,707      29,754      18,097     14,217
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating loss                             (13,569)    (23,563)    (21,704)     (8,134)   (13,246)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other income, net                           57,744         941      10,220         132         44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial income, net                        3,184       1,872         409          63        169
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) from continuing               47,359     (20,750)    (11,075)     (7,939)   (13,033)
operations before tax benefit
(income taxes)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax benefit (income taxes)                  (9,013)        292       5,294        (131)       (61)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) from continuing               38,346     (20,458)     (5,781)     (8,070)   (13,094)
operations after tax benefit (income
taxes)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss from operations of discontinued        (9,510)     (8,966)       (588)           -          -
segment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gain (loss) on disposal of segment               -      (2,359)     (1,786)         75          -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)                           28,836     (31,783)     (8,155)     (7,995)   (13,094)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic net income (loss) per share             3.17       (1.69)      (0.48)      (0.66)     (0.90)
from continuing operations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted net income (loss) per share           2.89       (1.69)      (0.48)      (0.66)     (0.90)
from continuing operations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic net income (loss) per share             2.39       (2.62)      (0.68)      (0.65)     (0.90)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted net income (loss) per share           2.18       (2.62)      (0.68)      (0.65)     (0.90)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted average number of shares           12,082      12,127      12,127      12,248     14,526
used in computing net loss per share
amount (in thousands) - basic
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted average number of shares           13,252      12,127      12,127      12,248     14,526
used in computing net loss per share
amount (in thousands) - diluted
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Balance Sheet Data - Year Ended December 31
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            2000       2001         2002        2003       2004
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Working capital                            $42,673     $17,117     $14,705      $8,039     $4,484
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets                                92,967      51,561      28,507      19,641     12,697
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term liabilities                        6,449       7,577       2,617       3,104      2,871
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets                                  62,370      31,229      15,994       8,538      4,796
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of shares outstanding                12,127      12,127      12,127      12,445     15,082
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>

3B.      Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

3C.      Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

3D.      Risk Factors

Many factors could have an effect on our financial condition, cash flows and
results of operations. We are subject to various risks resulting from changing
economic, political, industry, business and financial conditions. The principal
factors are described below.

We need to raise additional funds to sustain our operations, research and
development and sales infrastructure. To date, we have not raised such
additional funds and there is a substantial doubt as to the Company's ability
to continue as a going concern; such funds, if available, will likely dilute
our shareholders significantly and may impose on us restrictions and covenants.

Our total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term deposits as of
December 31, 2004 was approximately $7.9 million, and as of March 31, 2005 was
approximately $5.0 million. Currently, our quarterly cash use is approximately
$3.0 million. Even if we increase our revenues significantly, we nevertheless
have to further reduce expenses and raise additional capital or funds in order
to cover the cost of our operations, research and development and sales
infrastructures. As of the date of this report, we have been unable to raise
additional capital and, in light of the current condition of the Company and
the amount of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term
deposits, there is a substantial doubt as to the Company's ability to continue
as a going concern. As a result, the Company is considering, in the absence of
positive developments in negotiations currently held between the Company and
potential investors for a capital investment in the Company, to take immediate
measures to significantly reduce the cash use by the Company. Any additional
funding, whether obtained through public or private debt or equity financing,
or from strategic alliances, may not be available or may not be available on
terms acceptable to us. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of
equity securities, the value of our shares may decrease, the ownership
percentage of our then current shareholders may be diluted (which dilution will
likely be significant in light of the decrease in the market price of our
shares) and such equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges
senior or more advantageous to those of the holders of our ordinary shares. If
additional funds are raised through debt instruments, we may become subject to
various covenants, restrictions, pledges and other security interests that
typically accompany such funding, and there can be no assurance that we will be
able to comply with such covenants and restrictions.

In 2002 we began developing, and recently we have began marketing, our new
Essentra products, which are replacing our traditional H.323 products, to new
customers in new markets. There is no assurance that we will be successful in
obtaining and maintaining a sufficient market share for our new products.

During 2002, we began developing our Essentra products, which are replacing our
H.323 traditional products that were designed for the use of international long
distance networks and carriers in emerging markets. We released the first
version of the Essentra products during 2003 and a modular decomposition of the
Essentra product line during July 2004. The initial versions of the Essentra
products were designed based on the then new softswitch architecture and
standards, to approach the same markets and solutions as in our prior H.323
products. The Essentra products were designed to provide migration from H.323
networks to new, higher scale softswitch based networks. After commencing the
development of the Essentra products, we identified a decrease in the demand
for our traditional H.323 products, resulting, among other reasons, from a
decrease in the prices of international long distance calls, which caused a
sharp decrease in demand for solutions of the type that we offered. This raised
concerns about whether there would be a demand for the new Essentra product,
which, while using modern softswitch architecture was nevertheless targeted to
the declining market. After analyzing alternatives and witnessing the fast
deployment of broadband Internet access to end users and the increased
competition that wireline residential and enterprise services face from mobile
telephony as well as from telephony services offered by cable operators, we
anticipated that changes in the residential and enterprise wireline telephony
services would be occurring in coming years. We expected this change to be in
the form of replacement of legacy VoIP equipment, broadband carriers (also
known as Class 5 switches) with modern softswitches and the offer of telephony
services over broadband internet available at an increasing number of homes. We
therefore refocused our product development effort on the redesign of our
Essentra products to cope with the much wider set of requirements of a Class 5
replacement softswitch, supporting legacy telephony, voice over broadband and
hosted enterprise services. Targeted geographic markets were also changed.
While the H.323 products were offered mainly in developing countries, the Class
5 replacement products were targeted initially at developed countries.

As we did not develop products for VoIP broadband carriers, we have since
encountered various challenges inherent to entering into a new business
segment, including, learning and understanding the new target markets,
positioning our products in an already competitive market, creating and
maintaining relationships with new suppliers, customers and other third
parties, subjecting the products to testing and training of sales and marketing
employees to enable them to successfully promote the sale of our new Essentra
products. This required the allocation of substantial resources.

Finally, although we have conducted initial trials with respect to, and have
received several small orders for, our Essentra products, some of these
products (for example, our Essentra BAX product) are still subject to
additional testing and modifications and have not yet been used extensively by
customers, which prevents us from developing a track record that is crucial for
the expansion and the development of additional sales channels for our new
products. Essentially, our new products have not yet been fully field-tested by
the market and therefore the products' advantages have not yet been recognized
and acknowledged by our target markets. Furthermore, unlike our traditional
H.323 products, which were unique and the first of their kind to be introduced
to the telecommunications market, our Essentra products compete with existing,
comparable products of various companies, some of which have certain advantages
over us, including the ability to manufacture the hardware components used in
their solutions, access to prospective customers and an established market
share.

In light of the foregoing, there is no assurance that we will be successful in
obtaining and maintaining a sufficient market share for our new products.

We have encountered and continue to encounter various challenges inherent to
entering into a new business segment and there is no assurance that we will be
successful in overcoming such challenges.

Due to the fact that we have started developing and selling new products, which
we have targeted at new customers in new markets, we have encountered and
continue to encounter various challenges. For example, customers of VOBB (Voice
over Broad Band) service providers require various features that were not
required by customers of our traditional H.323 products, which features are
more complex than those offered through our traditional H.323 products. In
addition, while seeking midsize carriers, being new to this market, we had to
consider offering solutions to alternative small carriers as well, raising the
need for flexibility and competitiveness within a wide range of solutions.
Also, our solutions have to be inter-operable with offerings of various third
parties, which results in a more complex and expensive development and
upgrading of the products. Furthermore, in recent years we have witnessed an
increasing competition in the VoIP market, resulting in declining prices, as
VoIP has become a mainstream technology.

Furthermore, in order to materially increase our revenues, we have to enter
into a larger number of contracts with more customers and create more
partnerships with more vendors, which requires the allocation of more resources
by us. Unless we do so, or are able to successfully re-allocate our resources
and reduce our operational expenses, reaching profitability could be delayed.
Moreover, due to the fact that we are currently in the early stages of
penetrating the VOBB market, the loss of a contractual relationship with any of
the customers with which we have established, or are in the process of
establishing, a relationship, could materially adversely affect our results of
operations.

Finally, the Class 5 replacement market is new and is in its early stages,
which is reflected by carrier hesitation and long decision-making process as
well as expectations for evaluation and trial phases prior to the purchase of
the product.

There is no assurance that we will be successful in encountering the foregoing
as well as other challenges in our attempt to offer our new Essentra products
to new customers in developed countries. A failure to successfully encounter
such challenges may prevent us from obtaining and maintaining a sufficient
market share, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Our new products generally have a long sales cycle, which increases our costs
in obtaining orders and reduces the predictability of our earnings and requires
higher working capital.

Our new Essentra products are technologically complex and are typically
intended for use in solutions that may be critical to the business of our
customers. Prospective customers for the Essentra products generally must make
a significant commitment of resources to test and evaluate our products and to
integrate them into their solutions. As a result, the sales process for the
Essentra products is long and often subject to delays associated with lengthy
approval processes that typically accompany the design and testing of our
customers' solutions. The sales cycles of our Essentra products to new
customers currently average 6 to 12 months from the time we make a proposal to
a customer until the time the customer begins using our Essentra product in
production mode. This requires us to invest significant resources to make
sales, which increases our costs in obtaining orders and reduces the
predictability of our sales. In addition, we finance the equipment that we
install in our customers' premises during the period of installment, testing
and approval of the equipment, which requires us to allocate working capital
for the period of such financing.

Long sales cycles also subject us to risks not usually encountered by companies
whose products have short sales cycles, complicating our planning processes and
reducing the predictability of our earnings. These risks include:


         o        a pre-sale trial procedure intended for defining customers
                  needs which involves additional costs;

         o        the potential cancellation of orders based on our customers'
                  changing budgetary constraints; and

         o        the shift in orders expected in one quarter to another
                  quarter because of the timing of our customers' procurement
                  decisions.


We have experienced and may continue to experience significant fluctuations in
our quarterly results, which might make it difficult for investors to make
reliable period-to-period comparisons and may contribute to volatility in the
market price of our ordinary shares.

Our operating results have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate from period
to period for a number of reasons. The slowdown in the telecommunications
industry from 2001 through 2003 limited the purchases by carriers and service
providers of products such as ours. During 2003 and 2004, we witnessed a
general improvement in the market for telecommunication equipment. However, due
to the past volatility of this market, we cannot predict the duration or extent
of any recovery in this market or the impact it may have on our revenues or
results of operations. Market conditions could continue to cause our customers
and potential customers to be conservative in their spending. In addition, the
VoIP market for telecommunications carriers is experiencing a shift from H.323
technology to softswitch technology, from current Time Division Multiplexing,
or TDM, networks to the innovative services delivered by Next Generation VoIP
Networks resulting in a transitional period for many VoIP vendors, including
our company. Large carriers are showing an increased interest in migrating
their Public Switch Telephone Networks, or PSTNs, to VoIP softswitch based
networks, and there is still uncertainty with respect to the extent and timing
of shifting PSTNs to VoIP softswitch networks. We have long sales cycles,
typically between 6 to 12 months, and as a result we may need extended time to
build up an order backlog. These factors make the forecasting of sales
inherently uncertain. Significant annual and quarterly fluctuations in our
results of operations may also be caused by, among other factors, the timing
and composition of orders from our customers, reduced prices for our products,
the economic viability and credit-worthiness of our customers, the
collectability of our receivables (some of which are recognized on a cash
basis) and the timing of new product announcements and releases by both our
company and our competitors.

Our future results may also be affected by factors that include our ability to
continue to develop, introduce and deliver enhanced and new products in a
timely manner, to offer new products at competitive prices, to offer existing
products at lower prices, to compete with competitors that are larger than we
are, and to anticipate and meet customer demands. There can be no assurance
that sales in any particular quarter will not be lower than those of the
preceding quarters, including comparable quarters.

As a result, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of
operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as
indications of future performance. The volatility in our operating results may
also result in significant volatility in our share price. Furthermore, our
share price is also subject to the price volatility experienced by many
companies in the telecommunications sector, VoIP industry and related sectors.
It is also possible that our quarterly results of operations may be below the
expectations of public market analysts and investors. If this happens, the
price of our ordinary shares is likely to decrease.

We have incurred significant historical operating losses and may continue to
incur operating losses.

Since our incorporation in 1989, we have had limited sales and have incurred
significant operating losses. We had operating losses in 2004, 2003 and 2002 of
$13.2 million, $8.1 million and $21.7 million, respectively. In the first
quarter of 2005, we had an operating loss of approximately $2.6 million. We may
continue incurring such operating losses in the future due to the fact that we
recently began offering our new Essentra products in new target markets to new
customers and have not yet obtained a substantial market share of the VoIP
broadband segment. To achieve profitability and increased sales levels, we
must, among other things, establish and increase market demand and acceptance
of our products and systems, respond effectively to competitive pressures,
offer high quality customer service and support, and introduce advanced
versions, enhancements and new products that meet market needs on a timely
basis.

We may continue to incur operating losses in 2005 and thereafter if revenues
are insufficient to cover sales and marketing, product development,
administrative and other expenses. If revenue levels do not sufficiently
increase, operating results will be adversely affected because any reduction in
expenses may not sufficiently cover reduction in revenues. There can be no
assurance that we will achieve or sustain significant sales or profitability in
the future.

If VoIP markets for our products and technology fail to grow, or our new
products fail to achieve market acceptance, our business will be adversely
affected.

The markets for our products are relatively new, are rapidly evolving
technologically, and are characterized by competitors that have developed
similar products and services. Conversion from PSTN to VoIP is only at its
early stage and carriers are only now beginning to show a serious interest in
migrating their PSTNs to VoIP softswitch networks or planning a "side by side"
Voice over Broadband network. Sales of VoIP products have fluctuated and have
been generally unpredictable, as fluctuation in demand for voice infrastructure
products is dependent on the customers establishing and/or expanding their
networks. As is typical in the case of an evolving industry, demand and market
acceptance for recently introduced technology products and services are subject
to a high level of uncertainty. Furthermore, there is uncertainty as to
whether, when and the pace at which the VoIP market will further increase.
Broad market demand and acceptance of our technology, products and solutions,
including our new Essentra product line, and interoperability of our products
with other VoIP products are very important to our success and to our ability
to generate revenues.

Market demand and acceptance of our technology, products and solutions will be
highly dependent on functionality, interoperability, reliability, stability and
performance as well as on matters beyond our control such as the introduction
of competing products or technologies into the market before our new
technologies and products, as well as the penetration of the broadband and the
stability and bandwidth of those networks. There can be no assurance that
packet based voice networks will become widespread, that connections between
Internet Protocol, or IP, networks and PSTNs will become widespread or that our
products and solutions, including our new Essentra softswitch, will generate
sales or gain market acceptance. The adaptation process of connecting IP
networks and PSTNs can be time consuming and costly to both us and to our
customers and the acceptance of the product or system may depend, to a
substantial extent, on the success of the adaptation. There can be no assurance
that the market for our products and services will grow above current levels or
that our products and solutions will achieve market acceptance. If the market
does not grow above current levels, or if our products and solutions do not
achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of
operations will be materially adversely affected.

If our relationships with our key customers are terminated, our revenues will
decline and our business will be adversely affected.

During 2003, our two main customers, Deutsche Telekom and its T-Systems
subsidiary and DataAccess (India) Limited, or DataAccess, accounted for 52% and
22% of our sales, respectively. In 2004, DataAccess, which accounted for 6% of
our sales in that year ($0.3 million, all of which were due to maintenance,
compared to $4.1 million in 2003), experienced financial difficulties. Deutsche
Telekom and its T-Systems subsidiary accounted for 31% of our sales in 2004
($1.7 million compared to $9.8 million in 2003). In addition, in 2004,
Intelecom San Marino accounted for 12% of our sales. The loss of DataAccess,
one of our two largest customers in 2003 and in 2002, had an adverse effect on
our results of operations. If for any reason, our relationship with Deutsche
Telekom or Intelecom San Marino is terminated, or if either of these key
customers reduces purchases of our products or maintenance, then our business,
financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely
affected. In addition, if any of our key customers decided to replace our
existing equipment in their networks with competitors' equipment, this would
pose a serious competitive problem. The impact of the termination or reduction
of our key customer relationships would be intensified if we are unable to
establish and increase sales to other customers in order to offset this
termination or reduction.

We depend on third parties for the supply and quality of components required
for the manufacture of our products, and any delay or disruption in the supply
of these products will adversely affect our results.

We rely on third parties for the manufacture, supply and support of certain
hardware components that are integrated into our solutions (including IBM
BladeCenterT platform and blades, Intel Signaling gateways and AudioCodes media
gateways). Following the sale and installation of our products, we rely on our
hardware suppliers (to varying extents) for maintenance and service that we
provide to our customers. To that end, our agreements with our suppliers
include obligations of our suppliers to provide us with certain levels of
service and maintenance, as well as restrictions on the right of the supplier
to discontinue the manufacture of the hardware components we purchase from
them. Because we depend on third party suppliers for certain key components, we
do not have a long-term supply contract with our suppliers, and, to date, have
not been able to establish a relationship with alternate suppliers of such
components; therefore, we face the risk of inadequate component supply, price
increases, late deliveries, poor component quality and failure in the
availability and level of support and maintenance, as any supplier may
terminate its relationships with us or pursue other relationships with our
competitors. If we were to lose our relationship with these suppliers, the lead
time required to qualify new suppliers could be as long as four months. Also,
if we lose our single suppliers or these suppliers are otherwise unable to
satisfy our volume and delivery schedule requirements, it may be difficult to
locate alternative suppliers that are able to develop, manufacture, deliver and
provide service and maintenance with respect to the specialized components we
need for our products in the desired lead times and quality.

Furthermore, if we experience quality problems from any of our component
suppliers, it could take us a significant amount of time to identify the
problem as associated with a particular component, ascertain whether this is as
a result of a design or a manufacturing flaw and either correct the problem, if
possible, replace the components or find an alternate source of supply. Any
such quality problem or delay could, in addition to causing us lost sales,
detrimentally affect our reputation in the market and cause us to incur
additional costs as a result of the recall and replacement of affected
products.

Finally, our dependence on third party suppliers significantly limits our
ability to compete successfully with some of our competitors, which supply
themselves the hardware components that are used in their solutions and
therefore have the flexibility of making more competitive offers to potential
customers.

If our new products do not meet market and customer requirements or if our
products do not achieve industry standard certifications in our target markets,
we will not attract and retain customers.

Maintaining and increasing our sales revenues are dependent upon the ability of
our products to meet market and customer requirements. To this end, we are
involved in a continuous process to evaluate changing market demands and
customer requirements, and to develop and introduce new products, features and
applications to meet such changing demands and requirements. A number of risks
are inherent in this process. We may not successfully anticipate market
requirements or complete the development or introduction of these products. In
addition, the development of new technologies and products is increasingly
complex and uncertain. This can result in delays in the introduction of new
technologies and products, and requires close collaboration and continued
technological advancement involving multiple hardware and software design teams
and outside suppliers of key components. The failure of any one of these
elements could cause new products to fail to meet specifications, market
requirements or customer demands, or to miss delivery schedules. As the variety
and complexity of our product lines increase, the process of planning
production and inventory levels also becomes increasingly complex.

Our results could be adversely affected by factors such as lack of market
acceptance of our new products, development or manufacturing delays, and delays
in customer purchases of products in anticipation of the introduction of new
products and the rapidly changing landscape of emerging standards.

Further, telecommunications carriers outside the U.S. increasingly require that
VoIP products be designed to meet local homologation requirements to
demonstrate interoperability with existing networks of incumbent
telecommunications carriers, each of which may have different specifications.
Failure to obtain such homologation certifications or other industry standard
certifications for our products may result in decreased revenues, significant
warranty, support and repair costs may divert the attention of our engineering
personnel, and may cause significant customer relations problems.

The market price of our ordinary shares may be volatile and investors may not
be able to resell their shares at or above the price paid, or at all. In
addition, if we are unable to maintain the listing of our ordinary shares on
the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, it will be more difficult for our shareholders to
sell their shares.

In addition to our significant operating losses, generally depressed economic
conditions have adversely affected our share price and trading volumes over the
past few years. Our ordinary shares were initially quoted on the Nasdaq
National Market in 1996. In December 2002 we transferred to the Nasdaq SmallCap
Market, in July 2003 we transferred back to the Nasdaq National Market, and in
April 2005 we transferred back to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, where our shares
continue to be listed under the trading symbol VOCL. We transferred back to the
Nasdaq Small Cap Market in April 2005 because we no longer satisfied the
minimum stockholders' equity continued listing requirement of the Nasdaq
National Market. If we are unable to maintain the listing of our ordinary
shares on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, due to our non-compliance with certain
continued listing requirements of the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, it will be more
difficult for our shareholders to sell their shares.

Additional factors that could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to
further decrease significantly include the loss of any of our major customers
or key personnel, new product developments or enhancements by our competitors,
sales of our securities by our shareholders, quarterly fluctuations in actual
or anticipated operating results, continued significant operating losses,
market conditions in the industry, analysts reports, announcements by
competitors, regulatory actions or other events or factors, including the risk
factors described herein and general economic conditions. In the past,
following decreases or volatility in the market price of a company's
securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted. Such
litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management's
attention and resources, which would have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to strong competition. Greater market demand and acceptance of
our competitors' products and technology could result in reduced revenues or
gross margins.

The competition in the VoIP communications market is very strong. Our
competitors include telecommunications companies, data communication companies
and pure VoIP companies. Almost all of our competitors are larger than we are,
and can offer more comprehensive solutions either on their own or by partnering
with others. In addition, many of our competitors have greater name
recognition, larger installed customer bases, broader product offerings, and
significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do.
Finally, some of these competitors are not dependent, as we are, on third
parties for the supply and quality of components required for the manufacture
of their products. Such competition may result in a reduction in prices. Even
if we reduce the prices of our products, there can be no assurance that we will
be able to successfully launch our new products, or compete successfully and
effectively for deals against other companies' product offerings. Furthermore,
if we reduce our prices below current levels due to the competition, our
operating losses may increase and we may be unable to increase our revenues and
gross margins.

We expect that additional companies will compete in the IP-based voice networks
market. In the future, we may also develop and introduce other products with
new or additional telecommunications capabilities or services. As a result of
any such development or introductions, we may compete directly with traditional
telecommunications infrastructure and service providers. Additional competitors
may include companies that currently provide computer software products and
services, such as telephone, media and cable television. The ability of some of
our competitors to bundle other enhanced services and other products with VoIP
products could give these competitors an advantage over us.

Political, economic and military conditions in domestic or foreign locations,
including Israel, could negatively impact our business.

Significant portions of our operations are conducted outside the United States,
and our principal offices and research and development facilities are located
in the State of Israel. Although virtually all of our sales currently are made
to customers outside Israel, we are nonetheless directly influenced by the
political, economic, military and other conditions in and around Israel and in
other countries in which our business is located or in which our products are
sold. In addition, any major hostilities involving Israel or the interruption
or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions or results
of operations.

The general state of political and economic instability in the Middle East has
adversely affected security and economic conditions in Israel. Throughout the
years, Israel experienced hostilities with its Arab neighbors, and several Arab
countries still restrict business with Israeli companies. Since October 2000,
there has been a significant increase in hostility and violence between Israel
and the Palestinians, which has lately slowed down.

In spite of the recent slow down in the hostilities, it is possible that the
situation will deteriorate again, which could impact our operations in Israel.
There can be no assurance that ongoing or revived hostilities or other events
related to Israel will not have a material adverse effect on us or on our
business. In addition, we could be adversely affected by restrictive laws or
policies directed towards Israel and Israeli businesses.

We extend credit to customers for purchases of our products and may not be able
to collect accounts receivable.

A portion of our receivables results from credit extended to customers for
purchases of our products. There can be no assurance that any of our accounts
receivable will be collected in whole or in part. Any failure in the collection
of accounts receivable will adversely affect our cash flow position and will
result in decreased revenues.

Some of our directors, officers and employees are obligated to perform military
reserve duty.

Some of our Israeli directors, and many of our Israeli male officers and
employees are currently obligated to perform up to 36 days of annual reserve
duty. Additionally, all such persons are subject to being called to active duty
at any time under emergency circumstances. We have operated effectively under
these requirements since we began operations. No assessment can be made,
however, as to the full impact of these requirements on our workforce or
business if conditions should change, and we cannot predict the effect on us of
any expansion or reduction of these obligations.

Undetected errors or defects in our products could increase our costs and harm
our business.

Products offered by us may contain undetected errors or defects when first
introduced or as new versions are released. The introduction of products with
reliability, quality or compatibility problems could result in reduced revenues
and orders, uncollectible accounts receivable, delays in collecting accounts
receivable and additional costs. There can be no assurance that, despite
testing by us or by our customers, errors will not be found in our products
after commencement of commercial deployment. Errors of this sort could result
in product redevelopment costs and loss of market demand, delay in market
acceptance, loss of revenues, loss of market share, loss of potential new
customers, and increased warranty and maintenance costs. In addition, there can
be no assurance that we will not experience significant product returns in the
future. Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition or results of operations.

We are dependent upon the continued employment of key personnel.

Our future success depends to a significant extent upon the continued active
participation of our senior executive officers and other key employees,
including but not limited to our chief executive officer, chief financial
officer and chief operating officer. The loss of the services of any such
person could have a material adverse effect on our business. These persons are
not bound by employment agreements for any specific term. The loss of the
services of any of these persons may adversely affect the development and sales
of our products, and the management of our company. Our future is also
dependent upon our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified
personnel and key engineers and sales and marketing personnel, to perform
research and development, commercialize products, and perform the sales and
marketing functions required to bring these products to the market. There can
be no assurance that we will continue to attract and retain such personnel.

Our international operations expose us to the risks inherent in conducting
business in international
markets.

A substantial portion of our sales is in international markets. In addition, we
have recently outsourced a portion of our research and development operations
to subcontractors in Ukraine and Bulgaria. There are certain risks inherent in
conducting business in international markets, including unexpected changes in
regulatory requirements, export restrictions, homologation certifications,
tariffs and other trade barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign
operations, longer payment cycles, credit-worthiness of potential customers,
and political instability, all of which can adversely impact the success of our
international operations. Specifically with respect to Ukraine and Bulgaria,
each of them is still economically and politically unstable, suffers from
exchange rate and inflation fluctuations, political and criminal corruption,
and lack of commercial experience and unpredictability of the civil justice
system. There can be no assurances that one or more of such factors will not
have a material adverse effect on our international operations and,
consequently, on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights, which may limit
our ability to compete effectively.

Our success is dependent, to a certain extent, upon our proprietary technology.
We currently rely on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright and
trademark law, together with non-disclosure, contractual licensing
restrictions, and invention assignment agreements, to establish and protect the
proprietary rights and technology used in our products. There can be no
assurance, however, that such measures will provide commercially significant
protection for our proprietary technology, that competitors will not develop
products with features based upon, or otherwise similar to, our products or
that we will be able to prevent competitors from selling similar products. In
addition, our ability to adequately protect our proprietary rights in Ukraine
and Bulgaria (where we have recently outsourced a portion of our research and
development operations to subcontractors) is further unclear due to their
political instability and the fact that the protection of intellectual
properties in eastern European countries has traditionally been difficult to
achieve.

In addition, the software market has traditionally experienced widespread
unauthorized reproduction of products in violation of manufacturers'
intellectual property rights. Such activity is difficult to detect and legal
proceedings to enforce the manufacturers' intellectual property rights are
often burdensome and involve a high degree of uncertainty and costs.
Unauthorized use and reproduction of the registration codes contained in our
various software products has occurred from time to time and may continue to
occur in the future. There can be no assurance that our software products will
not experience unauthorized use or reproduction on a massive scale, which will
adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to enforce against our employees and subcontractors
covenants not to compete and therefore may be unable to prevent our competitors
from benefiting from the expertise of some of our former employees and
subcontractors.

We currently have non-competition clauses in the employment agreements of
nearly all of our employees, including all of our key employees. The provisions
of such clauses prohibit our employees, if they cease working for us, from
directly competing with us or working for our competitors. Recently, Israeli
courts have required employers, seeking to enforce non-compete undertakings
against former employees, to demonstrate that the competitive activities of the
former employees will cause harm to one of a limited number of material
interests of the employer recognized by the courts (for example, the
confidentiality of certain commercial information or a company's intellectual
property). In the event that any of our employees chooses to work for one of
our competitors, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting
from the expertise of our former employees obtained from us, if we cannot
demonstrate to the court that we would be harmed.

Additionally, our ability to enforce non-compete covenants with our
sub-contractors in foreign jurisdictions where we conduct a portion of our
research and development operations, is unclear.

Litigation and other disputes regarding our intellectual property or the
intellectual property of our suppliers could prove costly and thereby adversely
impact our financial position and could also result in an injunction or
judgment against us, which could adversely affect our business.

Third parties have asserted patent infringement and other claims against us
from time to time. A number of these claims were directed at certain basic and
fundamental components of our products. There can be no assurance that third
parties will not assert such claims against us in the future or that such
present and future claims will not be successful. In addition, third parties
may in the future assert patent infringement and other claims against us in
connection with components used in our products that are manufactured by our
suppliers. Patents relating to basic technologies in the communications and
multimedia areas have been recently allowed and patents may be filed in the
future which relate to basic technologies incorporated in our products. We
would incur substantial costs and would experience diversion of management
resources with respect to the defense of any claims relating to proprietary
rights, and this could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, parties making such
claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as
injunctive or other equitable relief which could effectively block our ability
to make, use, sell, distribute or otherwise license our products in the United
States or abroad. Such a judgment could have a material adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. Litigation, which is
generally costly and time consuming, may be necessary to determine the scope
and validity of others' proprietary rights or to enforce any patents issued to
us, in judicial or administrative proceedings. In the event a claim relating to
proprietary technology or information is asserted against us, we may seek
licenses for such intellectual property. There can be no assurance, however,
that licenses could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or
that the terms of any offered licenses will be acceptable to us. The failure to
obtain the necessary licenses or other rights could preclude the sale,
manufacture or distribution of our products and, therefore, could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of
operations. The cost of responding to any such claim may be material, whether
or not the assertion of such claim is valid.

If we are unable to maintain our relationships with our distributors, or if our
distributors' businesses are adversely affected by developments unrelated to
us, our sales could be harmed.

Our marketing strategy includes sales through distributors and resellers, as
well as direct sales by our own sales force. There is no assurance that we will
be successful in extending the terms of our various distribution and reselling
agreements or in establishing similar relationships with other entities if our
current distribution and reselling agreements are not extended, and changes in
our relationships with our suppliers, distributors, value added resellers and
agents, or other changes to their respective businesses could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Any future mergers with or acquisitions of companies or technologies and the
resulting integration process may distract our management and disrupt our
business.

One of our business strategies is to pursue strategic partnerships, alliances,
mergers and/or acquisitions of complementary businesses, products and
technologies. Pursuit of such strategies requires significant investments in
management time and attention.

We have no current commitments or agreements with respect to any mergers or
acquisitions. However, mergers with or acquisitions of companies involve a
number of risks including the difficulty of assimilating the operations and
personnel of the merged or acquired companies and of maintaining uniform
standards, controls and policies. There can be no assurance that technology or
rights acquired by us will be incorporated successfully into products we
introduce or market, that such products will achieve market acceptance or that
we will not encounter other problems in connection with such acquisitions. If
we consummate one or more significant acquisitions in which the consideration
consists of ordinary shares, shareholders would suffer significant dilution of
their interests in us.

Our principal shareholders, including our executive officers and directors, are
able to influence matters requiring shareholder approval.

As of June 15, 2005 our principal shareholders, including our directors and
certain executive officers, beneficially owned more than 30.5% of the
outstanding ordinary shares of our company (including options that are
exercisable on the date hereof or within 60 days after the date hereof). As a
result, such shareholders together have the ability to significantly influence
the election of our directors and most corporate actions.

Certain provisions of our articles of association and Israeli law could delay,
hinder or prevent a change in our control.

Our articles of association contain provisions which could make it more
difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that change would
be beneficial to our shareholders. Specifically, our articles of association
provide that our board of directors is divided into three classes, each serving
three-year terms. In addition, certain provisions of the Israeli Companies Law
of 1999, or the Companies Law, could also delay or otherwise make more
difficult a change in our control. The provision of the Companies Law relating
to mergers and acquisitions are discussed in greater detail in "Item 10:
Additional Information."

Our United States investors could suffer adverse tax consequences if we are
characterized as a passive foreign investment company.

As more fully described in Item 10E, we could be characterized, for United
States income tax purposes, as a passive foreign investment company ("PFIC").
Such characterization could result in adverse United States tax consequences to
U.S. Holders (as defined in Item 10E). Our status as a PFIC could cause, among
other things, any gain recognized on the sale or disposition of our ordinary
shares to be treated as ordinary income for U.S. Holders. Although we do not
believe that we should have been characterized as a PFIC for any tax year
through and including 2004, there can be no assurance that the United States
Internal Revenue Service will agree with this conclusion. Furthermore, there
can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC in the future. For further
discussion of the consequences of our possible PFIC status, please refer to
Item 10E.

The tax and other benefits available to us from Israeli government programs may
be discontinued or reduced at any time, which would likely increase our taxes
in the long term and our net research and development expenses.

We benefit from certain tax and other benefits, particularly as a result of the
"Approved Enterprise" status of certain existing facilities and approved
programs from the Government of Israel. In addition, we benefit from
participation by the Office of the Chief Scientist of the State of Israel (the
"Chief Scientist") in research and development projects. To be eligible for
these participations and tax benefits, we must continue to meet certain
conditions, including, with respect to the tax benefits, making certain
specified investments in fixed assets. There can be no assurance that such
participations and tax benefits will be continued at their current levels or
otherwise. The termination or reduction of certain tax benefits (particularly
benefits available to us as a result of the "Approved Enterprise" status of
certain of our existing facilities and approved programs) could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The termination or reduction of the participation of the Chief Scientist in
research and development projects could increase our net research and
development expenses or limit or terminate certain research and development
projects.

We may be adversely affected if the rate of inflation in Israel exceeds the
rate of devaluation of the New Israeli Shekel (NIS) against the dollar.

A significant portion of our sales are made outside of Israel in dollars and we
incur a significant portion of our expenses in NIS. The cost of our operations
in Israel, as expressed in dollars, is influenced by the extent to which any
increase in the rate of inflation is not offset by the devaluation of the NIS
in relation to the dollar. During the calendar years 2002, 2003 and 2004 the
annual rate of inflation (deflation) was 6.5%, 1.9% and 1.2%, respectively. In
2001 and 2002, the NIS was devalued against the dollar by approximately 9.3%
and 7.3%, respectively, and appreciated against the dollar by 7.6% in 2003 and
by 1.6% in 2004. As of May 31, 2005, the rate of inflation for 2005 (on an
annualized basis) was 0.2%, and the NIS depreciated by approximately 2.5%.
Although to date we have not purchased forward currency options to decrease our
exchange rate risk, we may do so in the future, to the extent we deem it
advisable.

Service and enforcement of legal process on us and our directors and officers
may be difficult to obtain.

Service of process upon our non-U.S. directors and officers may be difficult to
obtain within the United States. Furthermore, any judgment obtained in the
United States against us or these individuals may not be collectible within the
United States. There is doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), in original actions instituted in
Israel. However, subject to certain time limitations and other conditions,
Israeli courts may enforce final judgments of United States courts for
liquidated amounts in civil matters, including judgments based upon the civil
liability provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.

Communications authorities may impose charges, contribution and other common
carrier regulations on IP telephony providers.

To date, neither the United States Federal Communications Commission ("FCC"),
state communications authorities, nor the communications authorities of other
countries have subjected IP telephony providers nor VoIP solutions providers to
the regulations that apply to long distance telecommunications carriers. At
this time it is uncertain whether or to what extent the FCC, state
communications authorities, or the communications authorities of other
countries will impose access charges, universal service contributions, and
other common carrier regulations on IP telephony providers or to VoIP solutions
providers. There can be no assurance that future action by the FCC or other
communications authorities will not have an impact on us, directly or
indirectly.


ITEM 4.     INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

4A.      History and development of the Company.

Our corporate name is VocalTec Communications Ltd. for both legal and
commercial purposes. We were incorporated as a company under the laws of the
State of Israel in 1989 and are subject to the Companies Law. Our principal
executive offices are located at 2 Maskit Street, Herzliya Pituach, 46733,
Israel, and the telephone number at that location is +972-9-970-7800. Our
website is http://www.vocaltec.com. Our wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, VocalTec
Communications, Inc., is located at Two Executive Drive, Suite 592, Fort Lee,
NJ, USA 07024.

In December 2002 we transferred to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market , in July 2003 we
transferred back to the Nasdaq National Market, and in April 2005 we
transferred back to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, where our shares continue to be
listed under the trading symbol VOCL. We transferred back to the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market in April 2005 because we no longer satisfied the minimum
stockholders' equity continued listing requirement of the Nasdaq National
Market.

On March 12, 2004, we completed a private placement of equity securities to
institutional investors of 2.4 million of our ordinary shares at an aggregate
purchase price of $9.8 million or $4.10 per ordinary share. We received
approximately $9.1 million, net of underwriting and other expenses, which we
used and are using for working capital and general corporate purposes. We also
issued to the institutional investors warrants to purchase up to 1.2 million
ordinary shares at an exercise price of $4.75 per share. The warrants are
exercisable for four and a half years, beginning on September 12, 2004.

During 2002, we began developing our Essentra products, which are replacing our
H.323 traditional products that were designed for the use of international long
distance networks and carriers in emerging markets. We released the first
version of the Essentra products during 2003 and a modular decomposition of the
Essentra product line during July 2004. The initial versions of the Essentra
products were designed based on the then new softswitch architecture and
standards, to approach the same markets and solutions as in our prior H.323
products. The Essentra products were designed to provide migration from H.323
networks to new, higher scale softswitch based networks. After commencing the
development of the Essentra products, we identified a decrease in the demand
for our traditional H.323 products, resulting, among other reasons, from a
decrease in the prices of international long distance calls, which caused a
sharp decrease in demand for solutions of the type that we offered. This raised
concerns whether there would be a demand for the new Essentra product, which,
while using modern softswitch architecture was nevertheless targeted to the
declining market. After analyzing alternatives and witnessing the fast
deployment of broadband Internet to end users and the increased competition
that wire line residential and enterprise services face from mobile telephony
as well as from telephony services offered by cable operators, we estimated
that changes in the residential and enterprise wireline telephony services
would be witnessed in coming years, in the form of replacement of legacy VoIP,
broadband carriers with modern softswitches and the offer of telephony services
over broadband internet available at an increasing number of homes. We
therefore refocused our product development effort on the redesign of our
Essentra products to cope with the much wider set of requirements of a Class 5
replacement softswitch, supporting legacy telephony, voice over broadband and
hosted enterprise services. We initiated marketing efforts in order to present
the Company as a provider of solutions for the Class 5 market. In addition,
instead of targeting developing countries (as with our traditional H.323
products), our new Essentra products are targeted at developed countries.

In late 2004, we ceased the operations of our subsidiary in India due mainly to
the reduction in sales of our products and services to DataAccess, which was
our primary customer in India. In late 2004, we also ceased the operations of
our subsidiary in Singapore, due to the fact that a majority of our customers
in such country ceased purchasing our products and services.

In recent years, our subsidiary in The Netherlands became a holding company
through which we held our interests in various companies in Europe. Towards the
end of 2003, such European companies were liquidated. Therefore, in late 2003
and early 2004 we ceased the operations of our subsidiary in The Netherlands.

As of the date of this report, we have been unable to raise additional capital
that is necessary to sustain our operations. Therefore, in light of the current
condition of the Company and the amount of our cash, cash equivalents,
restricted cash and short-term deposits, the Company is considering, in the
absence of positive developments in negotiations currently held between the
Company and potential investors for a capital investment in the Company, to
take immediate measures to significantly reduce the cash use by the Company.
Capital expenditures: Our capital expenditures for fiscal years 2004, 2003 and
2002 amounted to $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
These expenditures were primarily for hardware and software.

Capital divestitures: In 2002, we sold the remainder of our shares of ITXC
Corp. and realized net proceeds of approximately $13.1 million. In December
2003, we sold our entire interests in Surf & Call (an entity in which we held a
minority interest following the carve out of such operations from the Company
into a separate corporate entity) to Cosmocom, Inc, in consideration for full
payment of all outstanding debts of Surf & Call in the amount of $0.1 million,
future royalty payments in the event of certain types of licensing of the Surf
& Call technology during the subsequent 24 months, and a portion of the
proceeds in the event of a sale of the Surf & Call technology by Cosmocom to a
third party during the subsequent 24 months.

Capital expenditures currently in progress: As of March 31, 2005, capital
expenditures then in progress consisted of approximately $22,000, to be used
during 2005 for research and development activities in Israel.

4B.      Business Overview

VoIP has become part of the telecom mainstream. The demand for TDM technology
is declining and all aspects of telephony, including networking, transport,
control and services, are being migrated to IP. All carriers are evaluating the
technology and planning their strategy of migration from current circuit
switched network, which have been used during the last 25 years, to a
completely different VoIP next generation network.

We have gained our experience in carrier based VoIP solutions while deploying
H.323 networks for the last seven years. Since 2002, we have been developing
our new products, based on softswitch technology, implementing the separation
between the media gateway and the media gateway controller, and incorporating
the SIP signaling protocol.

We develop and sell next generation network (NGN) VoIP carrier class call
control and hosted telephony platforms for next generation telecommunication
networks, enabling residential and enterprise services, supporting both legacy
and advanced IP based multimedia devices. Our solutions provide carriers with
call control and interface to legacy telephone systems, as well as peering with
other NGNs. Our solutions enable carriers and service providers to reduce both
capital and operating expenses and provide a platform for them to increase
their revenues through the delivery of IP-based voice and data services, such
as Voice over Broadband and hosted PBX (IP Centrex), thereby helping them to
retain and expand their customer base.

In the last 15 months, we have implemented significant changes to our product
lines and rearranged our marketing and sales efforts, all in order to
re-position ourselves as a provider of Class 5 solutions for next generation
networks.

The Essentra Network Solution is a set of independent products that together
offer a complete control layer for various user interfaces (residential and
enterprise) as well as trunking. Beyond the control layer, complementary
products offer management, provisioning and monitoring of network activity.

A set of third party transport and signaling components completes a full Class
5 softswitch offer.

With the Essentra family of products, we believe that we are in a position to
compete for the emerging convergence to IP of the telephony and to benefit from
a multi-billion dollar market.

We have carefully identified as potential key market segments the US
independent operator carriers (IOCs) (rural telecom carriers) and the
competitive carriers in Europe and Asia Pacific.

Requirements for the new voice infrastructure solutions

For voice traffic to run over packet networks, voice infrastructure solutions
must satisfy a number of requirements that differ among carriers, including:

    o    Carrier class equipment that complies with telecommunications
         carriers' quality standards.
    o    Assured voice quality at the same level as traditional TDM based voice
         has offered.
    o    Scalable solutions that support incremental growth from entry level
         deployments to massive global networks.
    o    Interoperability with PSTNs, supporting the full range of traditional
         telephone signaling variants (SS7 - the standard signaling protocol
         servicing legacy networks for call establishment and network services
         access).
    o    Simple and rapid installation, deployment and support.

The VocalTec Solution

We develop, market and sell a variety of carrier-grade solutions based on our
softswitch architecture and VoIP products.

We believe that our particular advantages are:

    o    Highly scalable products for cost-effective entry and growth, for all
         sizes of networks;
    o    Multi-tiered service provisioning and management for hosted services
         enabling carriers to offer services to non-facility based carriers; o
         Built-in Service Creation Environment;
    o    Application services incorporated in the softswitch, offering a unique
         provisioning style across all users; and
    o    Extensive next generation network experience.

Our solutions provide two types of offerings - our primary offering is a Voice
over Broadband and Class 5 replacement offering for both the residential and
the enterprise market; and our secondary (and traditional) offerings are based
on our legacy trunking offerings of network services.

Voice over Broadband/Class 5 Replacement

The Essentra product is a modular set of open and highly focused softswitch
products for next generation network operators. The Essentra product can be
deployed individually or in any combination of groupings in order to provide
tailored and cost-effective solutions for each carrier's specific service
application needs. It enables carriers to seamlessly integrate state-of-the-art
network components from VocalTec and third party vendors to create
best-of-breed network solutions, and allows service providers to offer VoIP
services to residential and SOHO/SME customers over any broadband access
infrastructure.

The Essentra product offers high quality voice services, carrier grade
reliability and maximum service flexibility. With seamless connectivity to
PSTN/SS7 networks, it maximizes carriers' existing investment while enabling
new revenues from enhanced IP-based services.

The standards-based Essentra(R) BAX server can be quickly and easily
implemented in the service provider's network facility. End users connect to
the service through a SIP-based Integrated Access Device (IAD) or SIP Phone,
which hooks into their broadband modem. The Residential/SOHO VoIP Broadband
Access application includes traditional subscriber calling features (e.g., call
waiting, call forward), new IP-enabled features (e.g., conferencing, "do not
disturb") and web-based self-provisioning. A wide range of features for the
enterprise allows the carrier to offer hosted telephony services to
corporations of all sizes.

SOHO, SME and Corporate Hosted Services

Integrated into the Essentra network solution is a powerful Centrex service,
which allows carriers to offer to multiple enterprises, small or large, at one
integrated office or distributed over hundreds of offices globally, a complete
feature rich hosted PBX service. One numbering plan across the entire
corporation and short dialing within all corporate offices create the look and
feel of one single office PBX. The rich feature set and supported executive
desk telephone stations offer a solution that can compete with advanced PBX
services. The Centrex service can be offered to multiple different enterprises
over a single Essentra product, which shares these services with residential
services.

VPN Services

Carriers using the Essentra can offer enterprises that operate out of multiple
offices, in different countries, the ability to interconnect all their
in-office PBXs, forming one numbering plan, and allowing off-net traffic to be
optimally routed to reduce international or national long distance traffic
charges.

US Rural Telephony

The rural US market is characterized by small to mid-size local exchange
carriers, most of which run profitable operations, subsidized by the Rural
Universal Service Fund. This market accounts for approximately 15% of the US
capital expenditure on telecom, and represents a unique opportunity in light of
the threats from cable operators and Vonage-type services that result in a need
to start deploying next generation solutions. It is expected that about 60% of
the 1,300 Rural Local Exchange Carriers (RLECs) will evaluate a VoIP solution
by mid 2006. We offer to the RLECs an ideal migration strategy, which considers
their unique Remote-Host network topology. We cooperate with a US based
provider of Access Gateways which supports the many US specific signaling and
transport standards, allowing us to smoothly interoperate with the carriers'
current network.

The Essentra Network Components

Essentra is a scalable, carrier-grade SIP-based softswitch architecture for
carriers looking to deploy a reliable next generation network (NGN) solution.
Leveraging on our extensive global experience in implementing large packet
tandem networks, Essentra offers high quality voice services, carrier grade
reliability and maximum service flexibility. Essentra enables smooth migration
to NGN, while maintaining seamless connectivity to PSTN/SS7 services.

Essentra enables carriers to enjoy the benefits of an open, distributed
architecture, including the flexibility of creation of innovative SIP-based
bespoke services. Service providers benefit from significant reductions in
operational costs, as the number of switches is reduced and the density of
subscribers per platform is increased.

The Essentra network components are as follows:

Essentra BAX Broadband VoIP Access Platform

Essentra BAX is a session initiation and management platform, with integrated
basic telephony services for residential and enterprise subscribers. Essentra
BAX supports SIP telephone sets as well as legacy phones via an H.248/ MEGACO
(Media Gateway Control Protocol) interface. Essentra BAX is the core of the
Essentra based Class 5 replacement networks. It services telephone sets, PRI
links to enterprise PBXs and services off-net traffic to PSTNs utilizing the
Essentra CX and to peering VoIP networks utilizing the Essentra EX.

Essentra CX Core Control Softswitch

The Essentra CX is a softswitch that provides the bridge between PSTNs and
next-generation packet networks. Essentra CX can act as a network edge device
and complement the Essentra BAX by provisioning traffic to and from PSTNs. It
can also be implemented as a core Class 4 component to service international
long distance networks.

Essentra(R) EX Peering Manager

The Essentra(R) EX Peering Manager is an edge network device enabling
interconnection and peering of VoIP networks, featuring dynamic call routing,
protocol inter-working, vendor inter-working and signaling manipulations. As an
increasing number of carriers deploy VoIP-based trunking and enterprise
solutions, the need for direct interconnection of these VoIP networks is
becoming paramount. The Essentra(R)EX Peering Manager can also provide a simple
and cost effective peering solution for wholesale operators, clearinghouses and
bilateral traffic exchange.

Essentra VSX SS7-Enabled SIP/H.323 Gateway

The Essentra VSX SS7-Enables SIP/H.323 Gateway enables multi-purpose VoIP
gateway, providing SS7 signaling and standards-based integration with any SIP
application server. Essentra VSX is a scalable, standards-based VoIP gateway.
It has been designed for small to medium-size service providers looking to
deploy a reliable VoIP-based NGN solution with seamless connectivity to
PSTN/SS7 networks.

Essentra OSS Operational Support Server

The Essentra OSS Operational Support Server is a centralized, web-based
management system, enabling remote element management, service configuration,
monitoring and provisioning. It is a centralized, web-based management system
enabling remote element management, service configuration, monitoring and
provisioning for the Essentra products.

Essentra TMS Traffic Management System

The Essentra TMS Traffic Management System is a web-based service assurance and
traffic management system, supporting near real-time network performance and
Quality of Service, or QoS, monitoring for optimized network operations. The
ability to monitor and manage network performance is key to a service
provider's success, enabling it to win and retain customers and enhance its
competitive edge. Essentra TMS is an intelligent service assurance and network
traffic management system, providing near real-time performance monitoring,
problem identification and long-term analysis tools based on Call Data Records,
or CDR, information.

Essentra SG SS7 Signaling Gateway

The Essentra SG SS7 Signaling Gateway is a scalable, standards-based SS7
signaling gateway, supporting protocol inter-working for over 60 SS7 country
variants. The Essentra SG SS7 Signaling Gateway is a standards-based,
carrier-grade signaling gateway that enables VoIP services to terminate on SS7
networks, ensuring seamless mediation of services between next generation
networks and PSTNs. VocalTec's SS7 capabilities and extensive experience
provide global connectivity between SS7 and IP networks, allowing carriers to
leverage existing legacy SS7 network services alongside innovative SIP
services.

Dependence on Contracts with Suppliers

We are dependent on the following suppliers for the manufacture, supply and
support of hardware components that are integrated into our solutions: IBM for
the BladeCenterT platform and blades; AudioCodes Ltd. for the supply of VoIP
DSP processor boards, gateways and media gateways; and Intel for the supply of
signaling boards and components. If our relationship with any of these
suppliers is terminated, then we will need to invest time and resources to
integrate our products with the hardware components of alternative suppliers.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our dependency on the foregoing component
suppliers is less than the dependency we had on suppliers of hardware
components for our traditional H.323 products, since our Essentra products are
based on general-purpose IBM servers, which are relatively easy to replace. The
replacement of the IBM blade servers we use, although based on the same
technology as the general purpose servers, would require more time, due to the
fact that they are "telco grade" (i.e. comply with all carriers' standards),
and are therefore more scarce.

In addition, our dependency on Intel for signaling boards and components has
been reduced due to the support of the standard protocol Sigtran that is used
in both our Essentra CX and on Intel components (Sigtran is a standard based
protocol, which is also available from other signaling gateway vendors). In
developing our traditional H.323 products we supported a proprietary protocol
provided by Intel, which was significantly harder to replace.

Marketing, Sales and Distribution

We market and distribute our products both directly and via multiple
distribution channels. Our main target customers are competitive local exchange
carriers (CLEC), incumbent local exchange carriers (ILEC), alternative
telephony carriers (which are virtual operators such as Vonage) and Internet
Service Providers (ISPs). We target developed countries with a high penetration
rate of broadband services to homes. In the US, we target also the IOCs
(independent operator carriers). We do not target cable operators, as our
system does not comply with the standards required by cable operators. In all
territories we seek partnerships with resellers or operate through agents.
Resellers are not contracted on an exclusive basis and in some cases we
approach the customer directly. As we have limited presence globally, we seek
local partners to offer first level support to customers. Our Tier 2 support
(professional services) operates out of our Israeli office. We operate sales
offices in Israel, the United States, Germany and Hong Kong. See Item 5 -
Operating Review and Financial Prospects - for a breakdown of revenues by
geographic market.

We typically license and sell our solutions directly to operators and carriers
and via distributors pursuant to purchase orders, distribution agreements
and/or end user agreements, as applicable. The sales cycles for our solutions
are long due to the nature of the products and solutions as well as due to the
strong competition. Once purchased by our end user customers, our solutions
require installation in our customer's networks. After installation and
completion of a predefined acceptance test, the system usually enters into a
three-month warranty period. We offer two maintenance and service agreements,
which are renewed on an annual basis. The standard service is an 8X5 business
days support, including faulty hardware replacement. The premium service is a
24X7 support.

Since our Essentra solution is new to the market and has not yet been fully
tested and proven, the cycle of marketing and selling the Essentra solution
(whether as a whole or any component thereof) is longer than the sale cycle of
our traditional H.323 products.

Industry Standards

We recognize that standards are important for interoperability and for
providing the means for market growth. Since 1996, we have taken an active role
in international standards bodies. Our strong involvement and contribution led
our employees to hold official positions over the years in a number of
international standard bodies, including: ITU (International Telecommunications
Union), ETSI (the European Telecommunications Standards Institute), IMTC (the
International Multimedia Teleconferencing Consortium), and IETF (the Internet
Engineering Task Force).

We actively support important communications standards in our products,
including IETF SIP, ITU-T H.323, SS7, MEGACO, MGCP, SIGTRAN and others, and
work closely with our carrier customers and equipment manufacturers in ensuring
standards are correctly and uniformly implemented. Our products have been
ranked by industry analysts as having the largest number of different SS7
installations world-wide.

Competition

Our market is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving, and is characterized
by evolving standards and new alliances. Since the Essentra solution combines
both the softswitch for Class 5 and Class 4 solutions, integrated with a large
set of functions and applications for both residential and corporate customers,
our competitive space includes both softswitch vendors and application server
vendors. Our principal competitors include Nortel, Siemens, Huawei, Alcatel,
Lucent Technologies Inc., NetCentrex, Cirpack, Sonus Networks Inc., Italtel and
Veraz as softswitch vendors and Broadsoft and Sylantro as application server
vendors. The application server vendors, however, are not in direct competition
with us, since they mostly sell through partnering with softswitch vendors, but
they do present a technological and functional competition, since our products
may be compared to such solutions on the application level.

Recently, we announced that we are targeting the U.S. RLEC (Rural Local
Exchange Carrier) market, with a complete offering for migration to next
generation network solutions. In that specific market, we have identified a few
vendors as direct competitors, such as MetaSwitch, CopperCom and Tekelec.

Many of our competitors are difficult to compete with, as they are larger than
we are, have broader name recognition, have greater long-term resources and can
sustain larger price reductions for their products than we can.

We believe that in such a rapidly changing market, key competitive factors
include a broad base of users, strategic alliances, key reference customers,
interoperability, integration of products with complementary hardware and
software products and services, technological leadership, product performance,
product features and ease of use, price, customer support, name recognition,
distribution channels and the ability to respond quickly to emerging
opportunities.

4C.      Organizational Structure

We are organized under the laws of the State of Israel. Our directly and
indirectly held principal wholly-owned operational subsidiaries and their
countries of incorporation are:

    o    VocalTec Communications, Inc. (United States)
    o    VocalTec Communications Deutschland GmbH (Germany)
    o    VocalTec Communications Hong Kong Limited (Hong Kong)

4D.      Property, Plants and Equipment

Our headquarters are located in Herzliya Pituach, Israel and occupy 25,350
square feet pursuant to a lease expiring on January 31, 2008. We currently pay
total yearly rental and management fees of approximately $460,000, which are
linked to the Israeli Consumer Price Index. These facilities are used for
management, marketing, sales, research and development and production.

We maintain car leases, and our total liability for early termination of the
leases is approximately $0.1 million. The following facilities accommodate our
sales and customer support worldwide and are being fully utilized. We believe
they are all flexible enough to accommodate expansion of operations:

1.   In March of 2003, we renegotiated the lease for our subsidiary in the
     United States, for smaller offices of approximately 3,870 square feet in
     Fort Lee, New Jersey under a lease expiring on February 28, 2006. The
     annual rent for these facilities is approximately $105,000. We are
     planning to either renew this lease or to seek alternative facilities.

2.   Our subsidiary in Germany leases approximately 1,450 square feet in Bonn
     under a lease which term is until June 2006 and which renews automatically
     unless either party notifies the other of the termination of the lease.
     The annual rent for the facility is approximately $24,300. We recently
     renewed this lease for our German subsidiary.

3.   Our subsidiary in Hong Kong leases approximately 970 square feet under a
     lease expiring in June 2006. The annual rent for the facility is
     approximately $31,300.


ITEM 5.     OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations
should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and
related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This discussion
contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our
actual results may differ significantly from those projected in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause future results to differ
significantly from those projected in the forward-looking statements include,
but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual
report, particularly those described above under "Item 3 - Key Information -
Risk Factors."
Overview

We develop and sell next generation network (NGN) VoIP carrier class call
control and hosted telephony platforms for next generation telecommunication
networks, enabling residential and enterprise services, supporting both legacy
and advanced IP based multimedia devices. Our solutions provide carriers with
call control and interface to legacy telephone systems, as well as peering with
other NGNs. Our solutions enable carriers and service providers to reduce both
capital and operating expenses and provide a platform for them to increase
their revenues through the delivery of IP-based voice and data services, such
as Voice over Broadband and hosted PBX (IP Centrex), thereby helping them to
retain and expand their customer base.

In 2004 we witnessed a sharp decline in the worldwide sales of Class 4,
International Long Distance solutions. At the same time, we observed an
increasing interest among carriers to migrate their then existing PSTNs to
NGNs, and we identified the Next-Generation Class 5 replacement market as an
emerging new potential market. We allocated intensive efforts to accelerate our
Class 5 product development, enabling us to enter the market at the beginning
of the demand. Furthermore, in 2004 we designed and implemented the building up
of a new channel strategy, and established a channel network to support our new
target markets.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP, and are the basis for the discussion and analysis of our financial
condition and results of operations. Our functional and reporting currency is
the U.S. dollar, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in
which our consolidated operations are conducted. Transactions and balances
originally denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts.
Transactions and balances in currencies other than dollars (including NIS) are
re-measured in dollars in accordance with the principles set forth in FASB
Statement No. 52 - "Foreign Currency Translation". Our reported amounts of
assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent
assets and liabilities are based on certain estimates and judgments made in the
preparation of our financial statements, which estimates and judgments are
revised periodically as required. Our estimates and assumptions are based on
factors such as analysis of prior years' experience, trends within the Company
and the telecommunications industry, and general economic conditions. However,
actual results may differ from our estimates and assumptions as a result of
varying market and economic conditions, and may result in lower revenues and
bigger operating losses.

In 2004, we had sales of $5.5 million, compared to $18.7 million in 2003.
Through 2004, we derived our revenues primarily from sales of our traditional
H.323 products (with initial revenues from our Essentra products in the fourth
quarter of 2004), and from maintenance and other services we provided to
purchasers of such products. Our cost of sales in 2004 was $4.5 million
(including an inventory write-off in the amount of $1.1 million), compared with
$8.7 million in 2003. The cost of our sales consists primarily of (i) with
respect to our products, the cost of hardware components (more in the H.323
products than in the Essentra products), including related support, (ii) with
respect to the services we provide to our customers, the salaries and other
related expenses of our employees who provide different levels of support; and
(iii) royalties paid by us to the Chief Scientist.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have identified below our critical accounting policies. These policies are
both the most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results
of operations and require our management's most difficult, subjective and
complex judgments and estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates
under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue when (1) we and a customer enter into
a legally binding commitment to pay for products or services free of
contingencies or significant uncertainties, (2) we deliver the products or
fulfill our obligations to provide the services, (3) payment is fixed and
determinable, and (4) collection is probable. We assess each sale to ensure
that the above conditions are met. In contracts for which an acceptance
provision is required by the customer, the Company defers revenue (and the
related costs) until receiving the acceptance confirmation. Service and
maintenance revenues are recognized over the period during which such services
are rendered. Revenue earned on software arrangements involving multiple
elements is allocated to each element based on the relative fair value of the
elements. Fair value is determined based on vendor specific objective evidence
(VSOE) of the fair value of the elements. The VSOE of fair value of the
elements is based on the price charged for the undelivered element when sold
separately. This policy ensures that we report revenues in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. Factors that could materially adversely affect our revenue recognition
include longer payment terms, longer procurement cycles, financial viability of
our customer base, the mix of products and services provided, failure to timely
provide products and services to customers, and fewer large customers.

Tax Allowance Practices: Our subsidiaries operate world-wide under various tax
regimes, and as such, we are subject to the tax laws and regulations of many
countries. At the end of every accounting period, we estimate our existing and
future tax results, and create tax assets or liabilities, as applicable in
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, "Accounting
for Income Taxes" ("SFAS No. 109"). As part of this process, we generally
consult with reputable tax advisors in various overseas locations, and follow
established tax precedents in our tax allowance practices. The tax expense and
benefits of the company of this process are reflected in our financial
statements. Inventories: Our policy for valuation of inventory and commitments
to purchase inventory, including the determination of obsolete or excess
inventory, requires us to perform a detailed assessment of inventory at each
balance sheet date which includes a review of, among other factors, an estimate
of future demand for products, valuation of existing inventory, as well as
product life-cycle and product development plans. Inventory reserves are also
provided to cover risks arising from slow moving items. We write down our
inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory equal to the
difference between the cost of inventory and the market value based upon
assumptions about future demand, market conditions and prices.

Use of estimates: The preparation of the financial information requires us to
make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, mainly
related to trade receivables, inventories, long-lived assets, restructuring
charges, revenues and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical
experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable
under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making
judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not
readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these
estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

5A.      Operating Results

Sales

Our sales consist of sales of VoIP products and related support and maintenance
services. Up to the fourth quarter of 2004 such products included mainly the
H.323 product and since the fourth quarter of 2004 also included the Essentra
products and related support and maintenance services.

We recorded sales of $5.5 million in 2004 or 71% lower than sales of $18.7
million in 2003. Sales for 2004 were 65% lower than sales of $15.6 million in
2002. The decrease in sales in 2004 compared with 2003 was attributable to (i)
the on-going transition in our product offering from H.323/ILD equipment, the
overall demand for which declined sharply during 2004, to our new Essentra
softswitch, SIP-based solutions (for which the sales cycle turned out to be
longer than for our traditional H.323 products), pursuant to which we began
offering our new products to existing and new customers in markets in which we
were not active previously; and (ii) a substantial decrease in orders of our
H.323/Class 4-ILD products by Deutsche Telekom and its T-Systems subsidiary and
from DataAccess, our two largest customers, which also caused a reduction in
revenues from maintenance services fees. Our sales to DataAccess declined in
2004 by 92%, from $4.1 million in 2003 to $0.3 million in 2004, due to the
financial difficulties of DataAccess; and sales to Deutsche Telekom and its
T-Systems subsidiary declined in 2004 by 83%, from $9.8 million in 2003 to $1.7
million in 2004 (most of which were purchases of services) mainly due to their
internal reorganization, which caused a refocusing of their activities and a
reduction in purchases. The increase in sales in 2003 compared with 2002 was
primarily attributable to increased repeat sales to our then two largest
customers, Deutsche Telekom's T-Systems subsidiary and DataAccess, and to
increased revenues from maintenance services. We expect that the margins from
the sales of our new Essentra products will be larger than the margins from the
sales of our traditional H.323 products, due to the fact that the new Essentra
products contain less hardware components than the H.323 products and the cost
of the hardware components included in the Essentra products is lower than the
cost of the hardware components included in the H.323 products. Specifically,
media gateways, which represented a significant part of our traditional H.323
products, are expected to represent a lower portion of the Essentra products.
As a result of the foregoing, we will rely to a lesser extent on providers of
hardware components for service and maintenance.

Product sales in 2004 were $3.2 million, a decrease of 80% compared to year
2003 product revenues of $15.7 million, and a decrease of 77% compared to year
2002 product revenues of $13.5 million. The decrease in 2004 was due to the
on-going transition in our product offering from H.323 equipment, the overall
demand for which sharply declined during the year, to our new Essentra
softswitch, SIP-based solutions, for which the sales cycle turned to be longer
than for our traditional H.323 products. The increase in product sales in 2003
was due to repeat sales to our then two largest customers, Deutsche Telekom's
T-Systems subsidiary and DataAccess.

Revenues from maintenance and other support services in 2004 were $2.3 million,
a decrease of 24% compared to year 2003 services revenues of $3.0 million, and
an increase of 10% compared to year 2002 service revenues of $2.1 million.
Service revenues decreased in 2004 compared with 2003 due to the decrease in
product sales and to the non-renewal of existing service agreements. Services
revenues increased in 2003 compared with 2002 due to renewals of then existing
service agreements and an increase in sales of the Company's products, which
resulted in an increased demand for related services. Revenues from maintenance
and other support services exceeded ten percent of our total revenues for each
of the years 2004, 2003 and 2002. We expect our revenues from the provision of
services in 2005 and 2006 to be lower than our revenues from sales of products,
since during such period we will focus on gaining market recognition and
increasing the sales of our products.

As a percentage of total revenues, revenues from maintenance and other services
were higher in 2004 than in 2003 due to the sharp decline in revenues from
sales of products.

While sales to Deutsche Telekom and its T-Systems subsidiary were reduced in
absolute numbers in 2004, they remained a significant portion of our sales in
2004 as a percentage of total revenues. In addition, sales to SN Radiocom and
to Intelcom San Marino accounted for 16% and 12%, respectively, of our sales in
2004. The relatively high percentage represented by the sales to these two
customers resulted from the sharp decrease in our total sales in 2004.
Purchases by DataAccess declined significantly in 2004 both in absolute numbers
and as a percentage, due to the financial difficulties of this customer, which
had a negative effect on our results. DataAccess still owes the Company certain
amounts, which we recognize on a cash basis due to the uncertainty as to the
collectibility thereof.

Geographic revenues as a percentage of overall revenues changed as follows:

    o    Sales in the Americas decreased to 2% of total revenues in 2004,
         compared to 4% of total revenues in 2003, and 10% in 2002. The
         decrease in sales in the Americas was also in absolute numbers, from
         $643,000 in 2003 to $104,000 in 2004.
    o    Sales in Europe increased to 76% of total revenues in 2004, compared
         with 64% of total revenues in 2003, and 48% of total revenues in 2002,
         primarily due to a sharp decreased in purchases by Deutsche Telecom.
         Sales decreased in absolute numbers from $12.0 million in 2003 to $4.1
         million in 2004.
    o    Sales in Asia Pacific decreased to 12% of total revenues in 2004,
         compared with 31% of total revenues in 2003, and 39% of total revenues
         in 2002. The decrease in sales in Asia Pacific was both in absolute
         numbers and as a percentage of total sales, mainly due to the
         financial difficulties of DataAccess, which resulted in a significant
         decrease in our sales thereto.
    o    Sales in the rest of the world (primarily Africa) increased to 10% of
         total revenues in 2004, compared with 1% of total revenues in 2003,
         and 3% of total revenues in 2002. The increase in sales in the rest of
         the world was both in absolute numbers and as a percentage of total
         sales.

The difference in the sales percentages in 2003 compared to 2002 results mainly
from an increase in sales to Deutsche Telekom's T-Systems subsidiary in Europe
in 2003. Sales in the Americas continued to decrease significantly due to the
fact that we made no sales to ITXC during 2003.

To date, most of our global sales have been in U.S. dollars and have not been
adversely affected by foreign currency fluctuations. If global business
conditions require us to sell our solutions in other local currencies, our
sales may be adversely affected by devaluation of local currencies against the
U.S. dollar. If, on the other hand, such local currencies' value increases
against the U.S. dollar, our sales (in U.S. dollar terms) will be positively
affected.

Our business is not seasonal.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales in 2004 was $4.5 million, or 82% of sales (including an inventory
write-off in the amount of $1.1 million), compared with $8.7 million, or 47% of
sales, in 2003, and $7.5 million, or 48% of sales, in 2002 (including an
inventory write-off in the amount of $0.9 million). The decrease in cost of
sales in 2004 (compared to 2003) resulted primarily from the fact that we
purchased less hardware components that are included in our H.323 products (due
to the lower demand for such products). In addition, in 2004 we paid to the
Chief Scientist royalties in a lower amount than in 2003, due to the fact that
we sold fewer products than in 2003. The increase in cost of sales in 2003
(compared to 2002) resulted primarily from (i) an increase in the sale of
products during 2003, which resulted in the purchase by the Company of more
hardware components than in 2002, and (ii) the provision of more services than
in 2002, which required greater customer service resources than in 2002.
Although the cost of the hardware components included in our Essentra products
is expected to be lower than the cost of the hardware components included in
the H.323 products, should our sales of the Essentra products increase we
expect that the overall cost of such sales (in dollar terms) shall increase
compared to the cost of sales in 2004, but the margins on such sales will
nevertheless increase compared to the margins on sales of the H.323 products.

Cost of products was $1.8 million in 2004 compared with $7.4 million in 2003,
and $6.0 million in 2002. Cost of service was $1.6 million in 2004, compared
with $1.3 million in 2003, and $0.7 million in 2002. The cost of sale of
services in 2004 increased compared to 2003 because our support team had to
invest more efforts in addressing technical issues with the products we sold
and we had a very small number of sales to various customers, as opposed to
repeat sales, which required us to give special attention to each customer's
support group.

Cost of sales of products primarily includes the cost of hardware in our
products, reserves for products and components in inventory, royalties to third
parties, and other expenses associated with the provisioning of products. Cost
of services primarily consists of salaries and travel expenses for rendering
maintenance services to customers.

In 2002, 2003 and 2004, cost of sales increased as a percentage of sales due to
increased competition in the VoIP market, resulting in lower prices for VoIP
products. In 2002, we wrote off obsolete inventory product components in the
amount of $0.9 million. Inventory write-off in 2004 was $1.1 million.

In 2004, gross margins were 18% including inventory write-offs, and 38%
excluding inventory write-offs. In 2003, gross margins were 53%. In 2002, gross
margins were 52% including inventory write-offs and 57% excluding inventory
write-offs. Due to price pressure generated by intense competition in the VoIP
industry, our gross margins have declined over the past three years. Our gross
margin in future periods will be influenced by, on the one hand, increased
competition which may cause us to reduce prices of certain of our products and
services and higher standard requirements from our customers, and, on the other
hand, a reduction in the cost of our sales due to the lower cost of hardware
components in our Essentra products, compared to the cost of the hardware
components included in our traditional H.323 products.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development, net. Research and development costs, net were $4.3
million in 2004 or 79% of sales, compared with $4.1 million or 22% of sales in
2003, and $6.1 million, or 39% of sales in 2002. Research and development
costs, net consist principally of salaries and benefits for software engineers,
related facilities costs and activities and expenses associated with computer
equipment used in software development. None of our software development costs
have been capitalized during any of the reported periods, as the amount of
software development costs eligible for capitalization at this stage has
historically been insignificant.

We believe that continued investment in research and development is essential
to remain competitive in the marketplace and is directly related to the timely
developments of new and enhanced products. Specifically, in order to bring our
Essentra products to maturity and thereafter increase sales, we are allocating
significant resources to research and development operations, including
outsourcing certain research and development assignments.

Our research and development efforts have been financed from internal resources
and through programs sponsored by the Government of Israel through the Chief
Scientist. We participate in a royalty-bearing program sponsored by the Chief
Scientist in Israel. Pursuant to the terms of the royalty-bearing program of
the Chief Scientist, we are required to pay a royalty of between 3% and 3.5% of
sales of products and related services developed in any project partially
funded by the Chief Scientist, up to an amount of 100% of the grant obtained.
For grants received under programs approved subsequent to January 1, 1999,
royalties are payable up to 100% of the grant obtained plus interest at LIBOR.
We expect to participate only in royalty bearing programs but we cannot make
any assurances that we will be awarded any future grants.

Our research and development expenses in 2004 were net of participation from
the Chief Scientist. In 2004, participation from the Chief Scientist was $0.9
million, of which $0.8 million was attributed to the 2004 approved plan and
$0.1 million was attributed to the 2003 plan. All of these participations are
related to royalty bearing programs. Total cash receipts from the Chief
Scientist in 2004 were approximately $1.0 million, of which $0.2 million were
from the 2003 plan. In 2004, we paid or accrued royalties to the Chief
Scientist in an aggregate amount of approximately $0.2 million.

Our research and development expenses in 2003 were net of participation from
the Chief Scientist. In 2003, participation from the Chief Scientist was $1.6
million, of which $1.3 million was attributed to the 2003 approved plan and
$0.3 million was attributed to the 2002 plan. All of these participations are
related to royalty bearing programs. Total cash receipts from the Chief
Scientist in 2003 were $1.8 million of which $0.5 million were from the 2002
plan. In 2003, we paid royalties to the Chief Scientist in an aggregate amount
of approximately $0.5 million.

Our research and development expenses in 2002 were net of participation from
the Chief Scientist. In 2002, participation from the Chief Scientist was $1.7
million, of which $1.6 million was attributed to the 2002 approved plan and
$0.1 million was attributed to the 2001 plan. All of these participations are
related to royalty bearing programs. Total cash receipts from the Chief
Scientist in 2002 were $1.8 million, of which $0.4 million were from the 2001
plan.

In 2002, we paid royalties to the Chief Scientist in an aggregate amount of
approximately $0.6 million.

Selling and Marketing

In 2004, selling and marketing expenses were $7.2 million, or 132% of sales,
compared with $10.3 million or 55% of sales in 2003, and $16.4 million, or 105%
of sales in 2002. Selling and marketing expenses include salaries and benefits,
sales commissions, travel expenses and related costs for our sales, marketing,
and distribution personnel, as well as reserves for potential damages to, loss
of, or obsoleteness of trial systems. Selling and marketing expenses also
include the costs of programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as advertising,
trade shows and other market development programs. The increase in selling and
marketing expenses as a percentage of sales resulted from a sharp decrease in
our sales in 2004 compared to 2003.

The decrease in selling and marketing expenses in absolute terms over prior
years was the result of cost reductions in our sales and marketing operations,
closure of some of our overseas sales offices, and more efficient use of our
sales and marketing resources. Should our sales increase in the future, we
expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase. Without limiting the
foregoing, we continue in our attempts to use our sales and marketing resources
more efficiently.

In late 2004, we ceased the operations of our subsidiary in India due mainly to
the reduction in sales of our products and services to DataAccess, which was
our primary customer in India. In late 2004, we also ceased the operations of
our subsidiary in Singapore, due to the fact that a majority of our customers
in such country ceased purchasing our products and services. In recent years,
our subsidiary in The Netherlands became a holding company through which we
held our interests in various companies in Europe. Towards the end of 2003,
such European companies were liquidated. Therefore, in late 2003 and early 2004
we ceased the operations of our subsidiary in The Netherlands. The foregoing
did not have a material effect on our sales and marketing expenses.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and
benefits, outside legal, accounting and consultant fees, travel expenses, and
related costs for management, finance, logistics, human resources, legal,
information systems, and administrative personnel. General and administrative
expenses also include expenses associated with computing equipment and software
used in the administration operations. General and administrative expenses were
$2.8 million or 50% of sales in 2004, compared with $3.6 million or 19% of
sales in 2003, and $4.5 million or 29% of sales in 2002. The increase in
general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales resulted from a
sharp decrease in our sales in 2004 compared to 2003. General and
administrative expenses in 2004 continued to decrease in absolute numbers
compared to prior years due to the continued operational efficiencies we
effectuated in 2003 and 2004.

Restructuring Costs

We had no restructuring charges in 2004 and 2003. During 2002, we implemented a
number of organizational changes due to substantial reduction in market demand
for our traditional H.323 products, including a reduction in worldwide
headcount of 108 employees (including from the spin off of Surf & Call), or
approximately 42% of our workforce, reductions in the office facilities used
for our activities, renegotiation of some of our office leases, moving to
smaller office premises, and the closing of our sales offices in France, Italy,
Spain, Sweden, and Australia. We recorded $1.3 million for severance and
termination payments and other benefits. The total costs associated with these
charges were $2.7 million, paid mostly in cash. In 2003 we ceased our
operations in China and Japan and in 2004 we ceased our operations in Singapore
and India. We ceased the operations of our subsidiary in India due mainly to
the reduction in sales of our products and services to DataAccess, which was
our primary customer in India; we ceased the operations of our subsidiary in
Singapore, due to the fact that a majority of our customers in such country
ceased purchasing our products and services. The costs associated with the
ceasing of such operations, which are not part of the restructuring costs, were
charged to operating expenses as incurred.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income of $44,000 and $0.1 million in 2004 and 2003, respectively, was
mainly from the sale of obsolete inventory to third parties. During 2002, we
sold 4,608,165 shares of ITXC, representing the remainder of our holdings in
ITXC, and realized net proceeds of approximately $13.1 million.

Financial Income, net

Financial income, net in 2004 was $0.2 million, or 3% of sales, compared to
$0.1 million, or 0.3% of sales in 2003, and $0.4 million, or 3% of sales in
2002. The increase in financial income, net in 2004 was primarily a result of
fluctuations of the NIS against the U.S. dollar. The decrease in financial
income, net in 2003 was primarily a result of fluctuations of the NIS against
the U.S. dollar, lower cash balances and lower interest rates on deposits.

Taxes on Income, Tax Refunds and Tax Benefits

Taxes on income in 2004 in the amount of $0.1 million were mainly attributed to
certain of our subsidiaries. Taxes on income in 2003 in the amount of $0.1
million were mainly attributed to subsidiaries outside the United States. Net
tax benefits in 2002 were $5.3 million, including a tax refund in the U.S. of
$3.8 million. In 2002, we paid taxes in the amount of $1.0 million for our
various subsidiaries. The 2002 tax refund resulted from carry-back losses in
2001 against federal tax payments made in 2000. In addition, since the Company
sold its remaining shares in ITXC in 2002, it re-assessed its tax liability due
to the change in circumstances and, as a result, decreased its tax liability by
approximately $2.5 million.

We currently have two Approved Enterprise programs under the Law for the
Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959. Such programs are eligible for
certain tax benefits for the first several years in which they generate taxable
income. Income derived from an Approved Enterprise is subject to a zero tax
rate for two years and up to an additional eight years of reduced corporate tax
rate of 25% until the earlier of (i) seven to ten consecutive years, commencing
in the year in which the specific Approved Enterprise first generates taxable
income (which income is not offset by deductions attributable to the other
sources), (ii) twelve years from commencement of production or (iii) fourteen
years from the date of approval of the Approved Enterprise status. Some of our
production and development facilities have been granted Approved Enterprise
status. To date, neither of our Approved Enterprise programs has generated any
taxable income.

As of December 31, 2004, we had net operating loss carryforwards in Israel of
approximately $93 million for tax purposes, and net operating loss
carryforwards in the U.S. of approximately $7.1 million. These net operating
losses may be carried forward and offset against future taxable income under
applicable tax laws. Tax benefits which apply to us under Israeli law do not
apply to any income generated by any of our other subsidiaries.

Discontinued Operations

In May 2002, we finalized the carve-out of our Surf & Call operations into a
separate corporate entity, Surf & Call Solutions Ltd., in which we held a
minority interest with the remaining equity being held by a group of previous
employees of Surf & Call. In December 2003, we sold our entire interests in
Surf & Call to Cosmocom, Inc., in consideration for full payment of all
outstanding debts of Surf & Call, future royalty payments in the event of
licensing of the Surf & Call technology, and a portion of the proceeds in the
event of a sale of the Surf & Call technology by Cosmocom to a third party.
This transaction resulted in a reduction of the accrual for discontinued
operations in the amount of $0.1 million. Subsequent to the above-mentioned
sale, Surf & Call ceased its operations.

Net Income (Loss)

Loss from continuing operations in 2004 was $13.1 million, representing 240% of
sales, or $0.90 per share, compared with a loss from continuing operations of
$8.1 million, representing 43% of sales or $0.66 per share in 2003. Net loss
was $13.1 million in 2004, representing 240% of sales, or $0.90 per share. In
2003, the net loss was $8.0 million representing 43% of sales, or $0.65 per
share.

Loss from continuing operations in 2002 was $5.8 million, representing 37% of
sales or $0.48 per share. Net loss was $8.2 million representing 52% of sales,
or $0.68 per share.

Our financial statements are reported in dollars and the vast majority of our
sales are made in U.S. dollars. Most of our expenses are in New Israeli Shekels
(NIS) and dollars. The cost of our operations in Israel, as expressed in
dollars, is influenced by the extent to which any increase/decrease in the rate
of inflation in Israel is not offset by the appreciation/depreciation of the
NIS in relation to the dollar. In 2004, the rate of inflation in Israel was
1.2% and the rate of appreciation of the NIS in relation to the dollar was
1.6%.

5B.      Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the past three years, we covered our cash flow requirements using
operating revenues, proceeds from sales of our holdings of ITXC shares, grants
from the Chief Scientist and other cash reserves. In addition, in March 2004 we
raised approximately $9.1 million, net of underwriting and other expenses,
through the issuance of 2.4 million of our ordinary shares to institutional
investors.

As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately $7.9 million in cash, cash
equivalents and short-term investments, comprised of $3.1 million in cash and
cash equivalents, $1.3 million in restricted cash, and $3.5 million in
short-term investments. As of December 31, 2003, we had approximately $12.2
million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, comprised of $2.4
million in cash and cash equivalents, $1.4 million in restricted cash, and $8.4
million in short-term investments. Our short-term investments consist of
commercial papers rated either A1/P1 or A2/P2 and auction rate securities rated
AAA. We generally hold our short term investments until maturity. In addition,
some of our cash is invested in time deposits, under which penalties are
imposed if withdrawn before maturity.

As of December 31, 2004, we had working capital of approximately $4.5 million
compared with $8.0 million as of December 31, 2003. The net decrease in working
capital during 2004 resulted primarily from our operating loss. The decrease in
cash and cash investments was a direct result of our use of cash to cover our
operating loss for the year, as sales were insufficient to cover operating
expenses.

Net cash used in operating activities was $13.1 million, $5.4 million, and
$12.5 million, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002,
respectively. The principal use of cash in each of these years was to fund our
operations. Income tax payments were $ 0.1 million in 2004, $0.1 million in
2003, and $0.4 million in 2002.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $4.4 million and $12.6 million
for the years ending December 31, 2004 and 2002, respectively. Net cash used in
investing activities was $2.7 million for the year ending December 31, 2003.
Investments in restricted cash were zero in 2004, $1.4 million in 2003, and
zero in 2002. In 2003, net cash used for short-term investments amounted to
$0.6 million while in 2004 and in 2002 net cash received from maturing of
short-term investments net of the purchase of new short time investment
amounted to $4.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Proceeds from the sale
of ITXC shares were $13.1 million in 2002. Cash used for purchase of equipment
was $0.5 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million for 2004, 2003 and 2002,
respectively. Proceeds from the sale of equipment were $0.1 million in 2002,
and were negligible in 2004 and 2003. In 2002, we extended a convertible loan
to Surf & Call in the amount of $0.6 million as part of the carve-out of Surf &
Call (see Item 5A - Operating Results), which loan was terminated when we sold
the Surf & Call business.

Net cash generated by financing activities was $9.4 million for the year ended
December 31, 2004, of which approximately $9.1 million (net of underwriting and
other expenses) resulted from proceeds from issuance of shares in a private
placement and $0.3 million resulted from the exercise of stock options. Net
cash generated by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2003 was
$0.5 million, and resulted exclusively from proceeds from the exercise of
employee stock options throughout the year. The Company did not generate any
net cash through financing activities in 2002.

We anticipate that operating expenses may exceed revenues, net of cost of sales
in 2005 and possibly beyond if we do not sufficiently increase sales and reduce
our costs. Current cash and cash equivalents balances, cash flows from
operations, grants from the Chief Scientist, and funds raised through the
private placement of our ordinary shares in March 2004 are insufficient to meet
our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at
least the next 12 months. As of the date of this annual report, we have been
unable to raise the additional capital necessary for our operations. If we are
unable to promptly raise such capital, on terms favorable to us or at all, we
will experience a lack of liquidity for our activities and, in light of the
current condition of the Company and the amount of our cash, cash equivalents,
restricted cash and short-term deposits, our ability to sustain our current or
future operations, research and development and sales infrastructures, and to
compete in the VoIP market, will be adversely affected, and there is a
substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern.

Even if we are able to raise the additional capital that we need, if our
revenues do not increase substantially, whether due to a failure to increase
the market share for our Essentra products, evolving industry standards and
rapid technological changes that could result in our products being no longer
in demand, the reduction in our product prices, slower pace of expansion or
voice over broadband penetration, or our failure to retain our customers, we
will need to reduce our operating expenses or use more of our cash reserves to
fund operating expenses. Similarly, in the event that the amounts we receive
from research and development grants decline, we will need to reduce operating
expenses and utilize more of our cash reserves for our operations. If such
measures are insufficient, we may attempt to establish lines of credit or sell
additional equity securities or debt securities.

As of December 31, 2004, we had no debt.

Capital expenditures in 2004 were approximately $0.5 million, compared with
$0.7 million in 2003 and $0.8 million in 2002. See Item 4A for further details.
We currently have no commitments for capital expenditures.

In early 2002, our U.S. subsidiary, VocalTec Communications, Inc. received an
Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, income tax refund in the amount of $4.4
million, for 2000 and 2001. This refund related to taxes paid on capital gains
for 2000, offset by losses incurred in 2000 and 2001, which were carried-back.
Such refund is still subject to review by certain federal and local agencies in
the U.S. See Item 5A "Taxes on Income, Tax Refunds and Tax Benefits".

We maintain annual car leases in the amount of approximately $0.8 million, and
our total liability for early termination of the leases is in the amount of up
to approximately $0.1 million.

Inventory and Receivables

Inventories as of December 31, 2004 were $0.5 million, compared to $1.5 million
as of December 31, 2003 and $4.1 million as of December 31, 2002. The decrease
in 2004 compared with 2003 was mainly due to an inventory write-off in the
amount of $1.1 million pertaining to our old products for the international
long distance market. The decrease in 2003 compared with 2002 was due to
recognition of sales of inventory sent to customers in 2002, increased
inventory turns (i.e., the frequency of sales of inventory within a certain
period), and shorter lead times of inventory orders.

Trade receivables are from purchases of our products, primarily by
telecommunications companies and service providers. Trade receivables are
presented at gross value less reserves for doubtful accounts. Trade
receivables, net as of December 31, 2004 were $0.2 million, compared with $1.5
million as of December 31, 2003, and $0.7 million as of December 31, 2002. The
reduction in 2004 was due to the decline in our sales. The increase in 2003 was
mainly due to the reduction in the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Prepaid expenses and other receivables were $1.0 million as of December 31,
2004, compared with $0.9 million as of December 31, 2003 and $2.0 million as of
December 31, 2002. The decreases in 2003 and 2002 were due to accelerated
actual grant payments received from the Chief Scientist, lower leasing
deposits, and lower prepaid expenses.

5C.      Research and development, patents and licenses

Intellectual Property

We believe that the improvement of existing products, our technologies and the
development of new products are important in establishing and maintaining a
competitive advantage. We believe that the value of our products is dependent,
to a certain extent, upon the maintenance of patent, trade secret or copyright
protection of our proprietary software and technologies. We rely on a
combination of trade secrets, copyright, trademark and patent law, together
with non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements, to establish and
protect the technology used in our products.

We have filed numerous patent applications in the United States and other
countries with respect to certain technologies employed in our products. Some
of those applications have already registered and we own those registered
patents. In addition, we have filed trademark applications in the United States
and other countries with respect to trademarks associated with us, and our
products. Some of those applications have already been registered and we own
those registered trademarks.

Generally, we enter into non-disclosure and invention assignment agreements
with our employees, and into non-disclosure agreements with our consultants,
subcontractors and distributors. However, there can be no assurance that such
measures will protect our proprietary technology, that competitors will not
develop products with features based upon, or otherwise similar to, our
products or that we will be able to enjoin competitors from selling similar
products.

Although we do not believe that our products infringe on any valid claim of a
patent owned by any third party, third parties have asserted infringement and
other claims against us from time to time. These claims have been directed at
certain basic and fundamental components of our products, those of which were
not abandoned were resolved by successfully implementing a licensing agreement.
There can be no assurance that third parties will not assert such claims
against us in the future or that such claims will not be successful.

We could incur substantial costs and diversion of management resources with
respect to the defense of any claims relating to proprietary rights that could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results
of operations. If any such claims or actions are asserted or prosecuted against
us, we may seek to obtain a license under a third party's intellectual property
rights. There can be no assurance, however, that under such circumstances a
license would be available on reasonable terms or at all. In the event a party
that is successful in asserting a claim against us does not grant a license,
such party could secure a judgment resulting in the award of damages, as well
as injunctive or other equitable relief which could effectively block us from
manufacturing, using, selling, or otherwise distributing its products.

VocalTec and Essentra are trademarks or registered trademarks of VocalTec. All
other trademarks or registered trademarks used in this Annual Report on Form
20-F are the property of their respective owners.

Research and Development

We believe that our ability to enhance our current products, develop and
introduce new products on a timely basis, maintain technological
competitiveness and meet customer requirements is essential to our future
success. Accordingly, we devote and intend to continue to devote a significant
portion of our personnel and financial resources to research and development.
We also intend to continue seeking and maintaining close relationships with our
customers in order to remain responsive to their needs. We have a
multi-disciplinary research and development team that specializes in audio and
voice processing, computer and networking software, embedded software, hardware
integration, and communications protocols and drivers. We seek to employ highly
qualified technical personnel in order to maintain our technological expertise.

See Item 5A "Operating Results - Research and development costs, net".

5D.      Trend Information

We believe that our business is subject to the following trends:

Decrease in significance of Access Networks: Access networks, better known as
the "last mile", have been the most significant factor in the limitation of
competition in the local telephony exchange business. In an effort to overcome
this barrier, incumbent carriers were forced by law to agree to rent unbundled
network elements to competitive carriers. This had a limited success in opening
up the local telecom market for competition. Wireless technologies provided an
alternative low cost method of offering last mile services. The demand for
broadband connectivity to the Internet and the cable competition led incumbent
local exchange carriers to offer broadband over copper to the residential
market. This was offered using ADSL technology. The fast deployment of ADSL
opened up an opportunity for alternative carriers to offer voice over this
broadband connection, bypassing the need for any permission from the provider
of the ADSL service. This is a very significant factor in the ability to offer
Essentra as a softswitch and Class 5 alternative solutions over broadband,
utilizing Essentra SIP technology. Various market research firms estimate that
in 2008 approximately 15% of all wireline telephone lines will implement Voice
over BroadBand (VoBB) technology.

Convergence of Voice and Data: The maturing VoIP technology and the advantages
of an IP network, not only in respect to data exchange but also in respect of
voice exchange, is leading to the convergence of the two - data and voice
networks - and the offering of a mix of data and voice services over a single
packet based IP network. This move is expected to change telephony network
deployment and operation by removing all territorial/localized networks and the
localization aspect of the telephone number and possibly even replacing
traditional telephone numbers with an alternative personal ID. Converged
networks will reduce (according to various estimates - by 60%) the cost of
deployment of telephony switching equipment. Converged networks will also
reduce the cost of operation as the same packet-based network will serve voice
and data. Softswitch technology is at the heart of this evolution. The
softswitch will not only replace the legacy TDM Class 5 switch, but it will no
longer be an integral part of each and every neighborhood. Fewer high capacity
softswitches will serve larger populations. The physical location of the
softswitch will not be related to the subscribers that it will serve. Massive
efforts and large projects are planned by most telephony carriers, which will
result in over 370 million telephony lines connected to softswitches by 2009
(according to the May 2005 In-Stat report). Essentra softswitch aims at this
market, which is expected to grow by an annual average of 45% in the coming
years.

Wireline and Mobile Convergence: A new network architecture has been defined by
the Internet Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a mobile standards committee. This
will be the network architecture for the mobile third generation migration to
packetized voice. The unique abilities of IMS to offer fast implementations of
new services and the comfortable handling of access networks led the industry
to consider the adoption of IMS for the wireline business, especially for VoIP
technology to be used as an access network. In 2-3 years, we expect to start
experiencing IMS offering Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC), where the same
handset will be used in both networks and offer identical services to the
consumer. This will be the final step in convergence of all multimedia fixed
and mobile networks, offering a single service platform to all terminals, being
either a computer, a PDA, a wireline phone or a mobile phone. Essentra
architecture has followed the guidelines of IMS, and more adjustments will be
needed as implementation of IMS commences.

Packet voice trunking business maturing and saturating: Class 4 category of TDM
networks deals with traffic exchange among switches and its main purpose is to
reduce the need of mesh networks (where all switches have direct links to all
other switches, which is an expensive and inefficient topology). In the early
days of VoIP, Class 4 networks were identified as best targets for replacement
by VoIP technology, as packet routing can offer an improved alternative to the
TDM trunking tandem topology. Beyond Class 4, international long distance
traffic, if using packet voice rather than expensive circuit switched tranks,
could further reduce long distance voice traffic costs. This became the target
for our business, with the introduction of the H.323 packet voice solution.
Technology reduced cost of long distance calls and the only justification for
the existence of long distance and international carriers was the regulation.
When regulation barriers were lowered, the entire international long distance
business collapsed, and with it our ability to continue selling the H.323
products. The Class 4 market has matured and saturated. 2004 was the first year
that the monetary value of Class 5 deployments of softswitches exceeded the
monetary value of the Class 4. In the coming years, we expect Class 4 to
continue to shrink and international long distance to be rapidly eliminated.
This trend in the market forced us to abandon our past business and adjust our
product development, marketing and sales efforts for the Class 5 growing VoIP
market.

Hosted services for enterprises: Carriers have never succeeded to offer more
than basic services to enterprises. The basic services included E1/T1 trunking
with PRI, or Primary Rate Interface (an ISDN link between customer premises,
usually a PBX, and the Class 5 switch) and DID, or Direct Inward Dialing (which
allows to call a person's office telephone extension from an outside telephone
service). Centrex services have been offered by carriers, mainly in the US,
since the early 1980's, but it never became a significant business. Softswitch
technology combined with application servers offering a rich PBX-type set of
features and the trends of outsourcing such services as IT lead to the
reevaluation of the potential of the new Centrex services. The availability of
web based self service encourages carriers to offer Centrex as a competing
service to IPPBX solutions. IP technology adds the ability to combine Centrex
with VPN to interconnect multiple corporate offices which may be given the feel
and look of one office. Considering this, Essentra is offering rich Centrex
features combined with VPN capability and corporate level provisioning tools.
The expected size of the Centrex market is currently unclear, but the feature
set is becoming a must in every sale of a softswitch.

Offering of Separate Components: Merely migrating systems from PSTNs to VoIP
softswitch networks is insufficient to meet customers' increased demands.
Therefore, carriers have started bundling various services, which include
wireless, Internet, voice and television services, all to be provided by a
single vendor. Within such bundling, we provide the voice services. Since the
voice service we provide is bundled with such other services, our products have
to be compatible with various other services provided by vendors. In this
regard, incumbent vendors such as Alcatel and Nortel have an advantage over us
due to their ability to provide to carriers all of the services required by
such vendors. Since we do not offer a full bundle of services (but rather only
voice services), we depend on a demand among carriers for the "best of breed",
which means that rather than purchasing a bundle of services from a vendor,
such customers will purchase separate services from separate suppliers and
vendors.

Consolidation: In recent years, we have witnessed a consolidation in our
industry, primarily the acquisition by large companies, which have the ability
to provide to their customers a bundled product that includes all services, of
smaller companies (such as VocalTec) that develop and offer only part of the
services. We expect such trend to continue in the near future.

5E.      Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely
to have a current or future material effect on the company's financial
condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of
operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.


5F.      Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contractual Obligations           Payment Due by Period (in thousands of dollars)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Total       Less than   1-3 Years   3-5 years   More than
                                              1 Year                              5 Years
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S>                               <C>            <C>         <C>         <C>          <C>
Operating Lease Obligations       1,600          627         935          38            -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other Long Term Liabilities
Reflected on the Registrant's
Balance Sheet under GAAP          2,871*                                            2,871*
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                             4,471          627         935          38        2,871
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>

* As of December 31, 2004 we had $2,113,000 in severance pay funds to cover
  such liabilities.

ITEM 6.     DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

6A.      Directors and Senior Management

The following sets forth certain information regarding our directors and
executive officers:

      Name                         Position
      ----                         --------
      Dr. Elon A. Ganor            Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief
                                     Executive Officer
      Ami Tal                      Director
      Yoav Chelouche               Director
      Lior Haramaty                Director
      Douglas Dunn                 Director
      Michal Even-Chen             Director
      Hugo Goldman                 Chief Financial Officer
      Moti Suess                   Chief Operating Officer

Set forth below, is a biographical summary of the business experience of each
of the directors and executive officers named above:

Dr. Elon A. Ganor has served as the Chairman of our Board of Directors since
1993. From 1993 to October 1998, and since November 1999, Dr. Ganor also served
as our Chief Executive Officer. From 1990 to 1992, Dr. Ganor was responsible
for the sales and marketing of our products through his association with a
subsidiary of LaCresta, where he served as a vice president. Before becoming a
shareholder of our company, LaCresta acted as a distributor of our products.
Dr. Ganor is the brother-in-law of Ami Tal.

Ami Tal has served as Executive Vice President of Global Sales from November
1999 to October 2004, and as a director since 1992. He served as Vice President
of Operations from April 1998 to November 1999, Chief Operating Officer from
1995 to May 2000 and Chief Financial Officer from 1992 to 1995. From 1990 to
1992, Mr. Tal served as Vice President and head of the International Trading
Division of LaCresta. Mr. Tal is the brother-in-law of Dr. Ganor.

Lior Haramaty is a co-founder of our company and was a major contributor in
creating and propelling the Internet Telephony industry. Mr. Haramaty has
served as a director since the company's inception in 1989 and held multiple
executive positions until mid 2000. Currently he serves as a consultant to
various companies, including StructuredWeb at which he also serves as a board
member, and is the co-founder and CEO of Designfenzider, a New York based
design firm.

Douglas Dunn has served as a director since January 2000. Mr. Dunn, former Vice
President of Visual Communications and Multimedia Strategy at AT&T, has spent
26 years at the telecommunications and multimedia company where his business
acumen spanned both the commercial sector and research arenas at Bell
Laboratories. Mr. Dunn recently retired from his position as Dean of Carnegie
Mellon University's Graduate School of Industrial Administration.

Yoav Chelouche has served as a director since July 2000. Mr. Chelouche is the
Chairman of the Fantine Group. From November 1995 to mid-2001, Mr. Chelouche
was President and Chief Executive Officer of Scitex Corporation Ltd., and was a
director of Scitex from May 1996 to 2001. Since 1979, Mr. Chelouche has held
several positions within Scitex, including executive vice president of
marketing and business development. Mr. Chelouche qualifies as an External
Director according to the Israel Companies Law - 1999.

Michal Even-Chen has served as a director since November 2004. Until the end of
2003, she served as Vice President Business Development of Bezeq Ltd., Israel's
national telecommunications company, and was also the driving force and
executor on Bezeq's part of the creation of the venture capital fund Stage-one.
Subsequently, Ms. Even-Chen served for two years as Chairwoman of the fund's
Investment Committee. She also represented Bezeq on the Investment Committee of
Eurofund, a fund managed by Federman Enterprises. Prior to her positions at
Bezeq, Ms. Even-Chen was Vice President of Marketing for 012 Golden Lines, a
telecom and internet provider. She previously held the position of Head of the
Strategy Department in Bezeq Ltd., and earlier worked in the Budget Department
of the Ministry of Finance of the State of Israel, supervising Water and
Sewage. Ms. Even-Chen qualifies as an External Director under the Companies
Law.

Hugo Goldman has served as Chief Financial Officer since March 2001. Prior to
joining VocalTec and since December 1999, Mr. Goldman held various key
executive positions at Algorithmic Research, an Internet security company.
Previously, Mr. Goldman worked at Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector for
over sixteen years (1983-1999) in Israel and in the U.S., including in the
position of Chief Financial Officer of Motorola Semiconductor Israel. Prior to
his long tenure at Motorola, Mr. Goldman held audit management positions at
Kesselman & Kesselman (PriceWaterhouseCoopers) until 1983.

Moti Suess has served as our Chief Operating Officer since April 15, 2005.
Before joining our Company, Mr. Suess spent 12 years as the founder and Chief
Executive Officer of Fastbeat Ltd. UK, a mobile prepaid services provider;
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Unitel Voice Communications, a provider
of unified messaging solutions to corporations; and as a manager of various
large-scale technical projects in the semiconductor and voice switching areas.
Mr. Suess holds an Aeronautical Engineering degree from Israel's Technion
Institute of Technology.

6B.      Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers

The aggregate compensation paid to all our directors and officers as a group
during the fiscal year 2004 was approximately $0.8 million in salaries,
directors' fees and bonuses, and 75,000 options, approved for grant on May 10,
2004 at an exercise price of $1.96 per option and 40,000 options, approved for
grant on November 29, 2004 at an exercise price of $1.38 per option. Options
expire ten years after the date of the grant. No additional amounts were
required to be set aside or accrued by the Company or its subsidiaries in 2004
for severance payments.

6C.      Board practices

The period during which our directors and senior management have each served in
their respective offices is set forth in "Item 6A - Directors and Senior
Management". There is no date of expiration of the current term of office of
any of the senior management members. The expiration date of the terms of
office of our directors are as follows: (a) Yoav Chelouche - in May 2006; (b)
Ami Tal - at the 2005 annual shareholders meeting (which term may be renewed);
(c) Elon Ganor - at the annual shareholders meeting in 2006 (which term may be
renewed); and (d) Lior Haramaty, Douglas Dunn and Michal Even-Chen - at the
annual shareholders meeting in 2007 (which term may be renewed).

There are no service contracts between us or any of our subsidiaries and our
directors in their capacity as directors providing for benefits upon
termination of employment, except for the termination provisions included in
the employment agreement of officers that also act as directors and that
concern solely their termination from their positions as employees. In October
2000, we entered into Indemnification Agreements with our directors and senior
management in order to assure continued service in an effective manner. The
indemnification agreements provide protection against personal liability due to
an act performed or failure to act in the capacity as a director or officer.

Our audit committee is comprised of Douglas Dunn, Yoav Chelouche, Lior Haramaty
and Michal Even-Chen. We believe that Mr. Dunn and Mr. Chelouche qualify as
audit committee financial experts as such term is defined under the Exchange
Act, and that all four directors qualify as independent directors as such term
is defined under the Nasdaq Rules. The purpose of the audit committee is to
provide assistance to the Board of Directors in fulfilling its legal and
fiduciary obligations with respect to matters involving the accounting,
auditing, financial reporting and internal control functions of VocalTec and
its subsidiaries as well as complying with the legal requirements under Israeli
law and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The following are examples of functions
within the authority of the audit committee:

    o    To detect irregularities in the management of our business and our
         internal controls procedures through, among other things, consultation
         with our internal and external auditors and to suggest to the Board of
         Directors methods to correct those irregularities.

    o    To decide whether to approve acts or transactions involving directors,
         executive officers, controlling shareholders and third parties in
         which directors, executive officers or controlling shareholders have
         an interest.

    o    To assist our Board of Directors in performing its duties to oversee
         our accounting and financial policies, internal controls, and
         financial reporting practices and to communicate on a regular basis
         with the company's outside auditors and review their operation and
         remuneration.

    o    To maintain and facilitate communication between our Board of
         Directors and our financial management and auditors.

Our audit committee convenes at least once per quarter to review the Company's
quarterly financial results, and as necessary to resolve issues that are in the
scope of responsibility of the committee.

Our compensation committee is comprised of Yoav Chelouche, Douglas Dunn and
Elon Ganor and meets several times per year regarding options allocations and
general compensation issues relating to our employees.

6D.      Employees

At June 30, 2005, we employed 93 full time employees and 8 part-time employees,
of which 43 were employed in research and development (compared with 51 in 2003
and 48 in 2002), 42 were employed in sales and marketing (compared with 69 in
2003 and 65 in 2002), 12 were employed in general and administrative (compared
with 22 in 2003 and 24 in 2002), and 4 were employed in operations. Of these
employees, 86 were based in our facilities in Israel, 6 in the United States, 4
in Asia Pacific and 5 in Europe.

We believe that our relations with our employees are good. Neither our
employees nor we are parties to any collective bargaining agreements, except
for provisions of such agreements that are applicable to the industry by virtue
of extension orders issued under applicable Israeli laws.

6E.      Share ownership

As of June 15, 2005 each of the individuals listed in Item 6A beneficially
owned less than one (1%) percent of our ordinary shares, and each such person's
individual share ownership has not been previously disclosed to shareholders or
otherwise made public, with the exception of Lior Haramaty who owns 425,000
shares and 115,000 options, and of Elon Ganor and Ami Tal who beneficially own
the 860,054 shares held by LaCresta International Trading Inc., as well as
7,500 shares and 340,000 options held by Elon Ganor and 138,000 options held by
Ami Tal.

We have established a number of employee option plans containing terms and
conditions for the vesting and exercising of options granted to employees for
the purchase of our ordinary shares.

The various employee stock option plans are as follows: (a) 1996 Stock Option
and Incentive Plan; (b) 1997 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; (c) 1998 Stock
Option and Incentive Plan; (d) 1999 Stock Option and Incentive Plan; (e) 2000
Master Stock Option Plan; and (f) 2003 Master Stock Option Plan.

Options generally have a term of ten (10) years. Earlier termination may occur
if the employee's employment with us is terminated or if certain corporate
changes or transactions occur. Our Board of Directors determines the grant and
the exercise price at the time the options are granted upon recommendation of
the Compensation Committee.

The exercise price per share is usually granted at the approximate fair market
value of the shares on the date of grant, as determined by the closing price
for our ordinary shares as reported by Nasdaq on the date of grant for
incentive stock options.

Each stock option agreement specifies the date and period over which the option
becomes exercisable. Options granted by us generally vest over a period of four
years, either in equal quarterly installments of 6.25% of the option shares,
starting three months after the date of grant, or 25% of the option shares are
vested one year following option grant, and the remaining 75% vest in equal
quarterly installments of 6.25% over the remaining three years. Vesting is
conditional upon employee remaining continuously employed by VocalTec or its
subsidiaries.

Since we believe that there is great significance in maintaining the equity
incentive of our employees, we implemented a stock option exchange program in
August 2001 under which employees had an opportunity to cancel their
outstanding stock options that were issued under the Company's stock option
plans in exchange for new options granted in February 2002. Employees who
elected to participate in the exchange were issued 0.8 new options in exchange
for each cancelled old option at a new exercise price determined as of the date
of grant of the new options. The new options vest and are exercisable during a
period of two and one half (2 1/2) years from the date of grant, in accordance
with the following schedule: (a) 34% of the new options vest six months after
the date of grant of the new options; and (b) 8.25% of each such new options
grant vest every three months thereafter.

ITEM 7.     MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

7A.      Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth, as of June 15, 2005, the number of our ordinary
shares, which constitute our only voting securities, beneficially owned by (i)
all shareholders known to us to own more than five percent (5%) of our
outstanding ordinary shares, and (ii) all of our directors and executive
officers as a group.

                                             Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned
                                             ----------------------------------

Name and Address                              Number             Percent
----------------                              ------             -------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deutsche Telekom A.G.
Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 140                    2,300,000            15.25%
D-53113 Bonn, Germany
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LaCresta International Trading Inc. (1)
c/o L.C.I.T. S.A Dufourstrasse 131           1,345,554            8.92%
P.O.B. 219 Zurich 8034, Switzerland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Officers and directors as a group (2)        2,300,661            15.25%
(8 persons)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)  Dr. Elon Ganor, who is VocalTec's Chairman of the Board and Chief
     Executive Officer, and Ami Tal, who is a director, each owns 50% of the
     outstanding voting shares of LaCresta. Dr. Ganor and Mr. Tal are
     brothers-in-law.

     Includes, in addition to the ordinary shares held of record by LaCresta,
     (i) 340,000 options for ordinary shares held by Dr. Ganor that are
     exercisable within 60 days of the date stated above, (ii) 138,000 options
     for ordinary shares held by Mr. Tal that are exercisable within 60 days of
     the date stated above, and (iii) 7,500 shares held by Dr. Ganor.

(2)  Includes (i) 1,008,107 ordinary shares for which options granted to
     officers and directors of our Company are exercisable within 60 days of
     the date stated above, (ii) 860,054 ordinary shares held by LaCresta,
     which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Dr. Ganor and Mr. Tal,
     (iii) 7,500 shares held by Dr. Ganor; and (iv) 425,000 ordinary shares
     held by Mr. Lior Haramaty. Does not include 391,093 ordinary shares for
     which options granted to officers and directors of our company are
     outstanding but are not currently or within 60 days exercisable.

In March 2004, we completed a private placement of equity securities to
institutional investors of 2.4 million of our ordinary shares. We received
approximately $9.1 million, net of underwriting and other expenses, which will
be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. As a result, our
major shareholders were diluted. Our major shareholders do not have different
voting rights from each other or other shareholders.

To our knowledge, (A) we are not directly or indirectly owned or controlled (i)
by another corporation or (ii) by any foreign government or (iii) by any other
natural or legal persons and (B) there are no arrangements, the operation of
which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of VocalTec.

For information as to the portion of each class of securities held in the
United States and the number of record holders see "Item 9 - The Offer and
Listing".

7B.      Related Party Transactions

     We have been generating sales of our products and related services to
Deutsche Telekom's T-Systems subsidiary. During the year 2004, such sales
(consisting mostly of services) accounted for approximately 31% of our sales.
Deutsche Telekom is a major shareholder of the Company.

7C.      Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.


ITEM 8.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION

8A.        Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Our consolidated financial statements are set forth in Item 18 of this
document.

Export sales

Export sales in 2004 were $5.5 million or 100% of sales compared with export
sales in 2003 which were $18.6 million or almost 100% of sales, and with $15.5
million or 99% of sales in 2002.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are involved in various routine legal proceedings
incidental to the ordinary course of our business. We do not believe that the
outcome of these pending legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect
on our business or consolidated financial condition.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on the ordinary shares. We intend
to retain our earnings for future growth and therefore do not anticipate paying
any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

8B.        Significant Changes

Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, there have been no other
significant changes since December 31, 2004.


ITEM 9.     THE OFFER AND LISTING

9A.      Offer and Listing Details

Through May 31, 2005, for the periods indicated, the high and low reported
trading prices of our ordinary shares as reported by Nasdaq were as follows:

                                 High              Low
                                -----             -----
2000                            53.25              3.50
2001                             8.12              0.60
2002                             3.02              0.26
2003                             7.60              0.47
2004                             6.90              1.06

2003
First quarter                    0.77              0.47
Second quarter                   4.45              0.59
Third quarter                    7.60              2.81
Fourth quarter                   6.40              2.50

2004
First quarter                    6.90              3.19
Second quarter                   4.20              1.90
Third quarter                    2.27              1.07
Fourth quarter                   1.77              1.06

2005
First Quarter                    1.90              1.06

December 2004                    1.77              1.26
January 2005                     1.49              1.22
February 2005                    1.90              1.25
March 2005                       1.33              1.06
April 2005                       1.10              0.64
May 2005                         0.89              0.69

As of June 15, 2005, 15,086,523 of our ordinary shares were issued and
outstanding. At such date, the last reported sale price of the ordinary shares
was $0.91 per share, and the ordinary shares were held by 119 record holders.
Of those 119 record holders, 98 are shown on our records as having United
States addresses. The number of record holders in the United States is not
representative of the number of beneficial holders nor is it representative of
where such beneficial holders are resident since many of these ordinary shares
were held of record by brokers or other nominees. As of March 31, 2005 we
believe approximately 79% of our outstanding ordinary shares were held in the
United States.

9B.      Plan of distribution

Not applicable.

9C.      Markets

Our ordinary shares were initially quoted on the Nasdaq National Stock Market,
Inc. on February 7, 1996 under the symbol "VOCLF," which was changed to "VOCL"
on April 20, 1999. Our ordinary shares have also been quoted on the Easdaq
Stock Market since October 17, 2000, under the symbol "VOCL". In December 2002,
we transferred to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, in July 2003 we transferred back
to the Nasdaq National Market and in April 2005, we transferred back to the
Nasdaq SmallCap Market, where our shares continue to be listed under the
trading symbol VOCL. We transferred back to the Nasdaq SmallCap Market in April
2005 because we no longer satisfied the minimum stockholders' equity continued
listing requirement of the Nasdaq National Market.

9D.      Selling shareholders

Not applicable.

9E.      Dilution

Not applicable.

9F.      Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.


ITEM 10.    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

10A.     Share capital

Not applicable

10B.     Memorandum and Articles of Association

VocalTec is a public company organized in the State of Israel under the
Companies Law. We are registered with the Registrar of Companies of the State
of Israel and have been assigned company number 52-004262-3.

Objects and purposes

The objects and purposes of our company appear in Section 2 of our Memorandum
of Association and include marketing, importing and acquiring computers,
software for computers and related items; manufacturing, marketing and selling
software for computers and related items; and the design, development and
manufacture of software for computers.

Rights, preferences and restrictions upon shares

Our articles of association authorize one class of shares, which are our
ordinary shares. We may declare a dividend to be paid to the holders of our
ordinary shares according to their rights and interests in our profits. Our
board may declare interim dividends and a final dividend for any fiscal year
only out of retained earnings, or earnings derived over the two most recent
fiscal years, whichever is higher. Our articles provide that our board may
declare and pay dividends without any future action by our shareholders. All
unclaimed dividends may be invested or otherwise used by the board for our
benefit until those dividends are claimed. In the event an unclaimed dividend
is claimed, only the principal amount of the dividend will be paid to the
person entitled to the dividend. Subject to the creation of any special rights
regarding the distribution of dividends, any dividends we declare will be
distributed to shareholders in proportion to their holdings.

If we liquidate, after satisfying liabilities to creditors, our assets will be
distributed to the holders of ordinary shares in proportion to their holdings.

Holders of ordinary shares have one vote for each paid-up ordinary share held
on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders. These voting rights may
be affected by the grant of any special voting rights to the holders of a class
of shares with preferential rights that may be authorized in the future.

Our articles provide that directors are elected by an ordinary resolution of a
general meeting of our shareholders. Our ordinary shares do not have cumulative
voting rights in the election of directors. Accordingly, the holders of
ordinary shares representing more than 50% of the voting power in our company
have the power to elect all directors. However, our board of directors is
divided into three classes: (a) one class to hold office until our annual
meeting of shareholders to be held in 2005, (b) another class to hold office
until our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2006 and (c) a third
class to hold office until our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in
2007.

We may, subject to the applicable provisions of the Companies Law, issue
redeemable shares and subsequently redeem them. In addition, our board may make
calls upon shareholders in respect of any sum which has not been paid up in
respect of any shares held by those shareholders.

Under the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements that apply to an office
holder and are described below under "Approval of Specified Related Party
Transactions Under Israeli Law" also apply to a controlling shareholder of a
public company. A shareholder that holds more than 50% of the voting rights in
a public company is deemed to be a controlling shareholder. Extraordinary
transactions with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling
shareholder has a personal interest, and the terms of compensation of a
controlling shareholder who is an office holder, require the approval of the
audit committee, the board of directors and the shareholders of the company.
The shareholder approval requires that: (a) the majority of shares voted at the
meeting, including at least one third of the shares of disinterested
shareholders voted at the meeting, vote in favor of the transaction; or (b) the
total number of shares of disinterested shareholders voted against the
transaction does not exceed one percent of the aggregate voting rights in the
company.

The Companies Law also requires a shareholder to act in good faith towards a
company in which he holds shares and towards other shareholders and to refrain
from abusing his power in the company, including in connection with voting at a
shareholders' meeting on:

    o    Any amendment to the articles of association;
    o    An increase in the company's authorized capital;
    o    A merger; or
    o    Approval of some of the acts and transactions that require shareholder
         approval.

A shareholder has the general duty to refrain from depriving other shareholders
of their rights. Any controlling shareholder, any shareholder that knows that
it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any
shareholder that, under the provisions of the articles of associations, has the
power to appoint an office holder in the company, is under a duty to act in
fairness towards the company. The Companies Law does not describe the substance
of this duty (except by providing that the remedies generally available upon a
breach of contract will be available also in the event of a breach of the duty
to act with fairness) and such substance has not yet been adjudicated by
Israeli courts.

Modifications of share rights

Under our articles of association, the rights attached to any class may be
varied by adoption of the necessary amendment of the articles, provided that
the holders of shares of the affected class approve the change by a class
meeting in which the holders of at least 75% of the voting power represented at
the meeting and voting on the issue approve the change. Our articles differ
from the Companies Law in this respect as under the law, changes in the rights
of shareholders require the consent of at least 50% of the voting power of the
affected class represented at the meeting and voting on the change.

Shareholders meetings and resolutions

We are required to hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders once
every calendar year, but no later than 15 months after the date of the previous
annual general meeting. All meetings other than the annual general meeting of
shareholders are referred to as extraordinary general meetings. Extraordinary
general meetings may be called by our board whenever it sees fit, at such time
and place, within or without the State of Israel, as it may be determined. In
addition, the Companies Law provides that the board of a public company is
required to convene an extraordinary meeting upon the request of (a) any two
directors of the company or one quarter of the company's board of directors or
(b) one or more shareholders holding, in the aggregate, (i) five percent of the
outstanding shares of the company and one percent of the voting power in the
company or (ii) five percent of the voting power in the company.

The quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two
shareholders present in person or by proxy who hold or represent between them
at least 33.3% of our issued share capital. A meeting adjourned for lack of
quorum is adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same time and
place or any time and place as the chairman of the meeting decides. At such
reconvened meeting, the required quorum consists of any two shareholders
present in person or by proxy.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, our articles provide that a resolution in
writing signed by all our shareholders then entitled to attend and vote at
general meetings or to which all such shareholders have given their written
consent (by letter, telegram, facsimile or otherwise) shall be deemed to have
been unanimously adopted by a duly convened general meeting.

Our articles enable our board to fix a record date to allow us to determine the
shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any general meeting of our
shareholders. The record date may not be more than 40 days and not less than
four days before the date of the meeting. Each shareholder of record as of the
record date determined by the board may vote the shares then held by that
shareholder unless all calls and other sums then payable by the shareholder in
respect of its shares have not been paid.

Limitation on ownership of securities

The ownership and voting of our ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel are
not restricted in any way by our articles or by the laws of the State of
Israel, except for shareholders who are subjects of countries that are enemies
of the State of Israel.

Mergers and Acquisitions; Anti-takeover provision

The Companies Law includes provisions allowing corporate mergers. These
provisions require that the board of directors of each company that is party to
the merger approve the transaction. In addition, the shareholders of each
company must approve the merger by a vote of the majority of the company's
shares, present and voting on the proposed merger at a shareholders' meeting.
In determining whether the requisite majority has approved the merger, shares
held by the other party to the merger or any person holding at least 25% of
such other party are excluded from the vote. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a
merger is not subject to shareholders approval if (i) the target company is a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the acquiring company and (ii) the acquiring company
is issuing to the shareholders of the target company up to 20% of its share
capital and no person will become, as a result of the merger, a control person,
subject to certain limitation relating to the counting of the votes, at a
meeting of the shareholders of a company that is a party to the merger, of any
entity or person that is either the other party to the merger or a control
person thereof.

The Companies Law does not require court approval of a merger other than in
specified situations. However, upon the request of a creditor of either party
to the proposed merger, a court may delay or prevent the merger if it concludes
that there exists a reasonable concern that as a result of the merger, the
surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of any of the
parties of the merger to their creditors.

A merger may not be completed unless at least 30 days have passed from the date
of the shareholders' resolution of each constituent and at least 50 days have
passed from the time that requests for the approval of the merger were filed
with the Israeli registrar of companies. This request may be filed once a
shareholder meeting has been called to approve the merger.

The Companies Law also provides that the acquisition of shares in a public
company on the open market must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a
result of the acquisition, the purchaser would become a 25% shareholder of the
company. The rule does not apply if there already is another 25% shareholder of
the company. Similarly, the law provides that an acquisition of shares in a
public company must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a result of the
acquisition, the purchaser would become a 45% shareholder of the company,
unless there already is a 45% shareholder of the company. These rules do not
apply if the acquisition is made by way of a merger as opposed to a tender
offer.

If, following any acquisition of shares, the purchaser would hold 90% of more
of the shares of the company, such acquisition must be made by means of a
tender offer for all of the target company's shares. An acquirer who wishes to
eliminate all minority shareholders must do so by means of a tender offer and
acquire 95% of all shares not held by or for the benefit of the acquirer prior
to the acquisition. However, in the event that the tender offer to acquire that
95% is not successful, the acquirer may not acquire tendered shares if by doing
so the acquirer would own more than 90% of the shares of the target company.

Our articles contain provisions that could delay, defer or prevent a change in
our control. These provisions include advance notice requirements and staggered
board provision. Under the advance notice requirements, shareholders seeking to
propose items for inclusion on the agenda for a general meeting of
shareholders, must submit those items in writing to our corporate secretary not
less than 60 days (or not less than 90 days for the nomination of candidates
for election of directors) and not more than 120 days prior to the particular
meeting. The staggered board provisions of our articles are described above
under the caption "Rights, preferences and restrictions upon shares."

Board Practices

Under our articles of association, our board can, at its discretion, cause us
to borrow money or secure the payment of any sum upon terms and conditions it
deems fit. The board can utilize this power through various methods, including
the issuance of bonds or debentures, or mortgages, charges or other securities
on the whole company or any part of it.

Our directors are not subject to any age limit requirement, nor are they
disqualified from serving on the board because of a failure to own VocalTec
shares.

Directors are classified into three classes. Each class has a nearly equal
number of directors, as determined by the Board of Directors. The terms for
these classes of directors will expire at the annual shareholder meetings of
2005, 2006 and 2007. At each shareholder meeting, the successors of each class
of directors whose terms expire are elected to hold office for a term expiring
at the annual shareholders meeting held in the third year following the year of
their election. The classified board structure may not be amended without the
approval of the greater of (i) holders of not less than 75% of the voting power
represented at a meeting in person or by proxy and voting thereon, or (ii)
holders of a majority of the outstanding voting power of all shares of the
Company.

External Directors

We are subject to the provisions of the Companies Law. Under the Companies Law,
companies incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel whose shares have
been offered to the public in or outside of Israel are required to appoint two
external directors. Upon promulgation of regulations under the Companies Law
setting out the conditions and criteria for a director qualifying as having a
"financial and accounting specialty" and a "professional qualification", at
least one of the external directors should have a "financial and accounting
specialty" and the other external directors should have a "professional
qualification". The board of directors should determine the minimum number of
directors having financial and accounting specialty, in addition to the
external directors, within 90 days of promulgation of the foregoing
regulations. The Companies Law provides that a person may not be appointed as
an external director if the person or the person's relative, partner, employer
or any entity under the person's control, has, as of the date of the person's
appointment to serve as external director, or had, during the two years
preceding that date, any affiliation with the company, any entity controlling
the company or any entity controlled by the company or by the controlling
entity of the company. The term affiliation includes:

    o    an employment relationship;

    o    a business or professional relationship maintained on a regular basis;

    o    control; and

    o    service as an office holder (other than as a director that has been
         appointed as an external director of a company that is intending to
         consummate its initial public offer).

In addition, no person can serve as an external director if the person's
position or other business activities create, or may create, a conflict of
interest with the person's responsibilities as an external director or may
otherwise interfere with the person's ability to serve as an external director.
Until the lapse of two years from termination of office, a company may not
engage an external director to serve as an office holder and cannot employ or
receive services from that person, either directly or indirectly, including
through a corporation controlled by that person.

External directors are to be elected by a majority vote at a shareholders'
meeting, provided that either: (a) the majority of shares voted at the meeting,
including at least one third of the shares of non-controlling shareholders
voted at the meeting, vote in favor of the election; or (b) the total number of
shares of non-controlling shareholders voted against the election of the
external director does not exceed one percent of the aggregate voting rights in
the company.

The initial term of an external director is three years and may be extended for
three additional years. External directors may be removed only by the same
percentage of shareholders as is required for their election, or by a court,
and then only if the external directors cease to meet the statutory
qualifications for their appointment or if they violate their duty of loyalty
to the company. Each committee of a company's board of directors that has the
power to exercise discretion of the board is required to include at least one
external director, and all external directors have to be members of the
company's audit committee. If at the time of appointment of an external
director all of the members of the board of directors are of one gender, the
appointed external director must be of the other gender.

Independent Directors

We are subject to the rules of the Nasdaq applicable to listed companies. Under
the Nasdaq rules, we are required to appoint a minimum of three independent
directors. The independence standard under the Nasdaq rules excludes current
employees, former employees of a company or of any of its affiliates for a
period of three years after cessation of employment, as well as any immediate
family member of an executive officer of a company or of any of its affiliates.
Four of our current directors meet the independence standard of the Nasdaq
rules.

Audit Committee

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of any publicly traded company
must also appoint an audit committee, comprised of at least three directors
including all of the external directors, but excluding:

    o    the chairman of the board of directors;

    o    any controlling shareholder or a relative of a controlling
         shareholder; and

    o    any director employed by the company or who provides services to the
         company on a regular basis.

The role of the audit committee under the Companies Law is to detect
irregularities in the management of the company's business through, among other
things, consultation with the Company's internal or external auditor and to
suggest to the board methods to correct those irregularities. In addition, the
approval of the audit committee is required to effect specified actions and
transactions with office holders, controlling shareholders and third parties in
which they have an interest.

An audit committee may not approve an action or a transaction with an office
holder or a controlling shareholder or an entity in which they have a personal
interest unless at the time of approval the two external directors are serving
as members of the audit committee. In addition, at least one of the external
directors must be present at the meeting in which an approval was granted. We
appointed the external directors elected under the Companies Law to our audit
committee. Our current audit committee consists of Yoav Chelouche, Douglas
Dunn, Lior Haramaty and Michal Even-Chen.

Internal Auditor

The Companies Law also requires us to appoint an internal auditor nominated by
the audit committee. The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among
other matters, whether the company's actions comply with the law and orderly
business procedure. Under the Companies Law, the internal auditor may not be an
interested party, an office holder, or an affiliate, or a relative of an
interested party, an office holder or affiliate, nor may the internal auditor
be the company's independent accountant or its representative. In October 2000,
the company appointed the firm of Brukner Ingber as the company's internal
auditor in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Law.

Approval of Specified Related Party Transactions Under Israeli Law

The Companies Law imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on all of a
company's office holders as defined below, including directors and executive
officers. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of
care that a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted
under the same circumstances. The duty of loyalty generally requires an office
holder to act in good faith and for the good of the company. An "office holder"
as defined in the Companies Law is a director, a general manager, a chief
executive officer, a deputy general manager, a vice general manager, other
managers directly subordinate to the general manager and any person who fills
one of the above positions without regard to title.

The Companies Law requires that an office holder of a company promptly disclose
any personal interest that he may have and all related material information
known to him, in connection with any existing or proposed transaction by the
company. Once an office holder complies with these disclosure requirements, the
board of directors may approve a transaction between the company and the office
holder, or a third party in which an office holder has a personal interest,
unless the articles of association provide otherwise.

A transaction that is adverse to the company's interest cannot be approved. If
the transaction is an extraordinary transaction under the Companies Law, then,
in addition to any approval stipulated by the articles of association, it also
requires audit committee approval before board approval and, in specified
circumstances, subsequent shareholder approval.

Under the Companies Law, the disclosure requirements that apply to an office
holder also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. A
controlling shareholder includes a shareholder that holds 25% or more of the
voting rights in a public company if no other shareholder owns more than 50% of
the voting rights in the company. Extraordinary transactions with a controlling
shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, and
the terms of compensation of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder,
require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the
shareholders of the company. The shareholder approval requires that: (a) the
majority of shares voted at the meeting, including at least one third of the
shares of disinterested shareholders voted at the meeting, vote in favor of the
transaction; or (b) the total number of shares of disinterested shareholders
voted against the transaction does not exceed one percent of the aggregate
voting rights in the company.

For information concerning the direct and indirect personal interests of
certain of our office holders and principal shareholders in specified
transactions with us, see "Item 7A - Major Shareholders".

Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exempt an office holder
from liability with respect to a breach of his duty of loyalty, but may exempt
in advance an office holder from his liability to the company, in whole or in
part, with respect to a breach of his duty of care (other than with respect to
a breach of duty of care with respect to the distribution of a dividend or
redemption of the company's securities). Under the Companies Law, a company may
not indemnify an office holder, nor enter into an insurance contract that would
provide coverage for any monetary liability incurred as a result of any of the
following:

    o    a breach by the office holder of his duty of loyalty, unless the
         office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to
         believe that the act would not prejudice the company;

    o    a breach by the office holder of his duty of care, if such breach was
         done intentionally or in disregard of the circumstances of the breach
         or its consequences;

    o    any act or omission done with the intent to derive an illegal personal
         benefit; or

    o    any fine levied against the office holder as a result of a criminal
         offense.

Office Holder Insurance

Our Articles of Association provide that, subject to the provisions of the
Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of the liability
of any of our office holders with respect to:

    o    a breach of his duty of care to us or to another person;

    o    a breach of his duty of loyalty to us, provided that the office holder
         acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that his act
         would not prejudice our interests; or

    o    a financial liability imposed upon him in favor of another person
         concerning an act performed by him in his capacity as an office
         holder.

Indemnification of Office Holders

Our Articles of Association provide that we may indemnify an office holder
against:

    o    a financial liability imposed on him in favor of another person by any
         judgment, including a settlement or an arbitrator's award approved by
         a court concerning an act performed in his capacity as an office
         holder; and

    o    reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys' fees, expended by
         the office holder or charged to him by a court, in proceedings we
         institute against him or instituted on our behalf or by another
         person, or in a criminal charge from which he was acquitted.

Under the Companies Law, our Articles of Association may also include:

    o    a provision authorizing us to grant in advance an undertaking to
         indemnify an office holder, provided that the undertaking is limited
         to types of events which the board of directors deems to be
         anticipated and limited to an amount determined by the board of
         directors to be reasonable under the circumstances; and

    o    a provision authorizing us to retroactively indemnify an office holder.

Required Approvals

In addition, under the Companies Law, indemnification of, and procurement of
insurance coverage for our office holders must be approved by our audit
committee and our board of directors and, in specified circumstances, by our
shareholders.

Certain Listing Requirements of Nasdaq

We are not in compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rules 4350(c)(4)(B) (requiring
companies to adopt a formal written charter or board resolution addressing the
company's nominations process) and 4350(c)(2) (Regularly scheduled meetings of
the company's independent directors). Under Israeli law, the nominations
process is conducted by the full board of directors. Similarly, under Israeli
law all matters that are subject to the approval of a company's board of
directors are discussed by the full board of directors. In addition, we do not
intend to comply (if and when the events underlying such rule become relevant)
with the Nasdaq listing requirement of shareholder approval for the
establishment of and amendments to stock option or purchase plans (Rule
4350(i)(A)), which matter is not subject to shareholder approval under Israeli
law and practice.

10C.     Material Contracts not in the Ordinary Course of Business

In March 2004, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with
institutional investors pursuant to which we issued to such investors an
aggregate of 2.4 million of our ordinary shares. As consideration for such
shares, we received approximately $9.1 million, net of underwriting and other
expenses. We also issued to the investors warrants to purchase up to 1.2
million of our ordinary shares, at an exercise price of $4.75 per ordinary
share, which warrants are exercisable for 4.5 years, beginning on September 12,
2004. Pursuant to the terms of the securities purchase agreement, we agreed to
file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, within 30 days following the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by the securities purchase
agreement, a registration statement covering the resale of the ordinary shares
issued and the ordinary shares underlying the warrants. The securities purchase
agreement includes customary representations and warranties made by us (among
other things, with respect to our and our subsidiaries' business and the
issuance of the shares and the warrants) and by the investors (among other
things, with respect to their status as "accredited investors") and other
provisions, including with respect to confidentiality, restrictions on the
transfer of the shares and warrants and indemnification.

10D.     Exchange controls

There are currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on payments of
dividends or other distributions with respect to our ordinary shares or the
proceeds from the sale of shares, except for the obligation of Israeli
residents to file reports with the Bank of Israel regarding certain
transactions. However, legislation remains in effect pursuant to which currency
controls can be imposed by administrative action at any time.

Non-residents of Israel who purchase our securities with non-Israeli currency
will be able to repatriate dividends (if any), liquidation distributions and
the proceeds of any sale of such securities, into non-Israeli currencies at the
rate of exchange prevailing at the time of repatriation, provided that any
applicable Israeli taxes have been paid (or withheld) on such amounts.

Neither our Articles of Association nor the laws of the State of Israel
restrict in any way the ownership or voting of ordinary shares by non-residents
of Israel, except with respect to citizens of countries that are in a state of
war with Israel.

10E.     Taxation and Government Programs

The following is a summary of the current tax structure, which is applicable to
companies in Israel, with special reference to its effect on us and our group
companies. The following also contains a discussion of material Israeli and
U.S. tax consequences to our shareholders and government programs from which we
and some of our group companies benefit. The following also contains a
discussion of certain Israeli and U.S. tax consequences to persons purchasing
our ordinary shares. To the extent that the discussion is based on new tax
legislation, which has yet to be subject to judicial or administrative
interpretation, there can be no assurance that the views expressed in the
discussion will accord with any such interpretation in the future. The
discussion is not intended and should not be construed as legal or professional
tax advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. In July
2002, the Israeli Parliament approved a law enacting extensive changes to
Israel's tax law (the "Tax Reform Legislation") generally effective January 1,
2003. Among the key provisions of the Tax Reform Legislation are (i) changes
which may result in the imposition of taxes on dividends received by an Israeli
company from its foreign subsidiaries; and (ii) the introduction of the
"controlled foreign corporation" concept according to which an Israeli company
may become subject to Israeli taxes on certain income of a non-Israeli
subsidiary if the subsidiary's primary source of income is passive income (such
as interest, dividends, royalties, rental income or capital gains). An Israeli
company that is subject to Israeli taxes on the income of its non-Israeli
subsidiaries will receive a credit for income taxes paid/withheld or that will
be paid/withheld by the subsidiary in its country of residence, according to
the terms and conditions determined in the Israeli Tax Ordinance.

The following summary is included herein as general information only and is not
intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Accordingly, each investor
should consult his or her own tax advisor as to the particular tax consequences
to such investor of the purchase, ownership or sale of an ordinary share,
including the effect of applicable state, local, foreign or other tax laws and
possible changes in tax laws.

Israel Corporate Tax Considerations

General Corporate Tax Structure

The regular rate of corporate tax, which Israeli companies were subject to in
2004, was 35% (such tax rate has been reduced for 2005 to 34% and is scheduled
to be reduced to 32% in 2006 and 30% in 2007). However, the effective rate of
tax payable by a company (such as ours) which derives income from an "Approved
Enterprise" (as further discussed below) may be considerably lower.

Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959

General. Certain of our production and development facilities have been granted
approved enterprise status pursuant to the Law for the Encouragement of Capital
Investments, 1959 (the "Investment Law"). The Investment Law provides that a
capital investment in eligible facilities may, upon application to the
Investment Center of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the State of Israel,
or the Investment Center, be designated as an Approved Enterprise. Each
certificate of approval for an Approved Enterprise relates to a specific
investment program delineated both by its financial scope, including its
capital sources, and by its physical characteristics, e.g., the equipment to be
purchased and utilized pursuant to the program. The tax benefits derived from
any such certificate of approval relate only to taxable income attributable to
the specific Approved Enterprise.

Subject to certain provisions concerning income and subject to the Alternative
Benefits (see below), any distributed dividends are deemed attributable to the
entire enterprise, and the effective tax rate and the effective withholding tax
rates represent the weighted combination of the various applicable tax rates.

Tax Benefits. Taxable income of a company derived from an Approved Enterprise
is subject to company tax at the rate of up to 25% (rather than the tax rates
referred to under "General Corporate Tax Structure" above) for a certain period
of time. The benefit period is a period of seven years commencing in the year
in which the Approved Enterprise first generates taxable income. The benefits
may be shorter as it is limited to 12 years from the commencement of production
of the Approved Enterprise or 14 years from the date of approval, whichever is
earlier. Under certain circumstances (as further detailed below), the benefit
period may extend to a maximum of ten years from the commencement of the
benefit period. A company which operates under more than one approval or that
has capital investments which are only partly approved (such a company being
designated as a Mixed Enterprise), may have an effective company tax rate that
is the result of a weighted combination of the various applicable rates.

A company owning an approved enterprise which was approved after April 1, 1986
may elect to forego the entitlement to grants or state guarantees and apply for
an alternative package of tax benefits. These benefits provide that
undistributed income from the approved enterprise is fully tax exempt from
corporate tax for a defined period, which ranges between two and ten years from
the first year of taxable income, subject to the limitations described above,
depending principally upon the geographic location within Israel and the type
of the approved enterprise. Upon expiration of such period, the approved
enterprise is eligible for a beneficial tax rate (25% or lower in the case of
an FIC, as described below), for the remainder of the otherwise applicable
period of benefits, as described above.

Should the percentage of share capital of the companies having Approved
Enterprises held by foreign shareholders exceed 25%, future Approved
Enterprises of such companies would qualify for reduced tax rates for an
additional three years, after the seven years mentioned above.


The company tax rate applicable to income earned from Approved Enterprise
programs (currently, for programs on which an application for an approved
enterprise status was submitted before December 31, 2004) in the benefit period
by a company meeting these qualifications is as follows:

    % of Foreign Ownership                                         Tax Rate
    -----------------------------------------------------------    --------
    Over 25% but less than 49%.................................       25%
    49% or more but less than 74%..............................       20%
    74% or more but less than 90%..............................       15%
    90% or more................................................       10%

Entitlement to these benefits is subject to the final ratification of the
Investment Center, and is conditioned upon fulfillment of all terms of the
approved program. However, there can be no assurance that our group companies
which enjoy Approved Enterprise benefits will obtain approval for additional
Approved Enterprises, or that the provisions of the Investment Law will not
change with respect to future approvals, or that the above-mentioned
shareholding portion will be reached for each subsequent year. In the event of
our failure to comply with these conditions, the tax and other benefits could
be canceled, in whole or in part, and we might be required to refund the amount
of the canceled benefits, together with the addition of CPI linkage difference
and interest. We believe that our Approved Enterprise substantially complies
with all such conditions at present, but there can be no assurance that it will
continue to do so.
The undistributed income derived from each of our approved enterprise programs
is tax-exempt for a two year period beginning with the first year in which it
generates otherwise taxable income and is subject to a reduced tax rate for the
remainder of the benefit period.

A company that pays a dividend out of income derived from the Approved
Enterprise(s) during the tax exemption period will be subject to deferred
company tax in respect of the amount distributed (including the recipient's tax
thereon) at the rate which would have been applicable had such company not
elected the Alternative Package. This rate is generally 10% to 25%, depending
on the extent to which non-Israeli shareholders hold such company's shares.

The dividend recipient is taxed at the reduced rate applicable to dividends
from Approved Enterprises (generally 15% as compared to 25% for individuals or
an exemption for companies), if the dividend is distributed during the tax
benefit period or within 12 years after this period. However, the limitation
does not apply if the company qualifies as a foreign investors' company. This
tax must be withheld by such company at source, regardless of whether the
dividend is converted into foreign currency.

Subject to certain provisions concerning income subject to Mixed Enterprises,
all dividends are considered to be attributable to the entire enterprise and
the effective tax rate on the dividend is the result of a weighted combination
of the various applicable tax rates. However, such company is not obliged to
distribute exempt retained profits under the Alternative Package, and such
company may generally decide from which year's profits to declare dividends.

Each application to the Investment Center is reviewed separately, and a
decision as to whether or not to approve such application is based, among other
things, on the then prevailing criteria set forth in the Investment Law, on the
specific objectives of the applicant company set forth in such application and
on certain financial criteria of the applicant company. Accordingly, there can
be no assurance that any such application by any of our group companies will be
approved. In addition, the benefits available to an Approved Enterprise are
conditional upon the fulfillment of certain conditions stipulated in the
Investment Law and its regulations and the criteria set forth in the
certificate of approval, as described above. In the event that these conditions
are violated, in whole or in part, a company with an Approved Enterprise would
be required to refund the amount of tax benefits, with the addition of the
Israeli consumer price index linkage differences and interest.

A company which qualifies as a foreign investment company (FIC) is a company,
like us, in which more than 25% of the share capital (in terms of shares,
rights to profit, voting and appointment of directors) and of the combined
share and loan capital is owned, directly or indirectly, by non-residents of
Israel and is therefore entitled to further tax benefits relating to its
approved enterprises. Such a company will be eligible for an extension of the
period of tax benefits for its approved enterprises (up to ten years) and
further tax benefits, should the level of foreign ownership in it increase
above 49%.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, proceeds received from the sale of our products
may be deemed to be royalties under the domestic law of the country of
residence of the purchaser/licensee or under an applicable tax treaty and as
such subject to withholding tax in such country. For instance, proceeds
received by our company from the sale of our software in the United States
might be treated as royalties and as such subjected to U.S. withholding tax of
either 10% or 15%, pursuant to the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty.

Where withholding tax is paid by our company to the country of residence of the
purchaser/licensee, such tax would generally be creditable by our company for
Israeli income tax purposes, pursuant to any relevant income tax treaty and
under Israeli law against income derived from the same source. However, where
we do not have taxable income for Israeli tax purposes because of the
application of a tax exemption available to an Approved Enterprise or because
of losses for tax purposes, we would have no Israeli tax liability against
which to credit the foreign tax withheld and paid by us. Furthermore, under
Israeli law, we cannot carry forward such unused credit to future tax years.

From time to time, the Government of Israel has discussed reducing the benefits
available to companies under the Investment Law and currently such proposal is
pending. The termination or substantial reduction of any of the benefits
available under the Investment Law could have a material adverse effect on
future investments by our company in Israel.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, on March 29, 2005, the Israeli Parliament passed
an amendment to the Investment Law, which revamps the Israeli tax incentives
for future industrial and hotel investments (the "2005 amendment"). A tax
"holiday" package can now be elected for up to 15 years for a "Privileged
Enterprise" as defined in the 2005 amendment, if certain conditions are met,
without needing to obtain approval. The extent of the tax benefits available
depends upon the level of foreign investment.

The 2005 amendment became effective on April 1, 2005. Taxpayers may, under
certain conditions, claim Privileged Enterprise status for new and expanded
enterprises with respect to 2004 or subsequent years, unless the Investment
Center granted such taxpayer Approved Enterprise status prior to December 31,
2004.

Subject to certain conditions, various alternative tax-only benefit packages
can now be elected with respect to investments in a "Privileged Enterprise",
without prior approval. Companies in industry or tourism in Israel may elect
between:

    o    Tax "holiday" package - for a "Privileged Enterprise": a tax exemption
         applies to undistributed profits for 2 to 15 years depending on
         geographical location of the "Privileged Enterprise" and the level of
         foreign ownership. Company tax rates of between 10% and 25% apply to
         distributed exempt profits or profits derived subsequent to the exempt
         period. The total period of tax benefits is 7 to 15 years, or

    o    Grant / Reduced tax package - for an "Approved Enterprise": Fixed
         asset grants of between 20% and 32% for enterprises in a development
         area and reduced company tax rates between 0% and 25% for 7 to 15
         years.

Dividend withholding tax also applies at a rate of 4% or 15% depending on the
package selected.

Grants under the Law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research and
Development, 1984

Israeli tax laws have allowed, under certain conditions, a tax deduction for
expenditures (including capital expenditures) in scientific research and
development projects, if the expenditures are approved or funded by the Israeli
Government and the research and development is for the promotion of the
enterprise and is carried out by or on behalf of the company seeking such
deduction. Expenditures not approved as above or funded are deductible in equal
portions over a three-year period.

Under the law for the Encouragement of Industrial Research and Development,
1984 (the "Research Law"), research and development programs that meet
specified criteria and are approved by a committee of the Chief Scientist, are
eligible for grants of up to 50% of the program's expenses. Under the
provisions of Israeli law in effect until 1996, royalties of 2%-3% of the
revenues derived in connection with products developed according to, or as a
result of, a research and development program funded by the Chief Scientist had
to be paid to the State of Israel. Pursuant to an amendment effected in 1996
effective with respect to Chief Scientist programs funded in or after 1994,
royalties at the rate of 3% during the first three years, 4% over the following
three years and 5% in or after the seventh year of the revenues derived in
connection with products developed according to such programs are payable to
the State of Israel. The maximum aggregate royalties will not exceed 100% (or,
for funding prior to 1994, 100%-150%) of the dollar-linked value of the total
grants received. Pursuant to an amendment effected in 2000, effective with
respect to Chief Scientist programs funded in or after 2000, the royalty rates
described above were updated to 3% during the first three years and 3.5% in or
after the fourth year, of the revenues derived in connection with products
developed under such programs. Pursuant to an amendment effected on January 1,
1999, effective with respect to Chief Scientist programs approved in or after
1999, funds received from the Chief Scientist shall bear annual interest at a
rate equal to LIBOR for twelve months.

Generally, the Research Law requires that the manufacturing of any product
developed through research and development funded by the Israeli Government
shall be in Israel. It also provides that know-how from the research and
development that is used to produce the product may not be transferred to third
parties without the approval of a research committee of the Chief Scientist.
Such approval is not required for the export of any products resulting from
such research and development.

However, under the Regulations, in the event that any portion of the
manufacturing is not performed in Israel, if approved by the Chief Scientist,
we would be required to pay an increased royalty at the rates of 120%, 150% or
300% of the grant if the manufacturing portion that is performed outside of
Israel is less than 50%, between 50% and 90% and more than 90%, respectively.

In 2002, the Research Law was amended to, among other things, enable companies
applying for grants from the Chief Scientist to seek prior approval for
conducting manufacturing activities outside of Israel without being subject to
increased royalties. However, this amendment will not apply to any of our
existing grants. In addition, the amendment provides that one of the factors to
be taken into consideration by the Chief Scientist in deciding whether to
approve a grant application is the percentage of the manufacturing of the
relevant product that will be conducted outside of Israel. Accordingly, should
we seek additional grants from the Chief Scientist in connection with which we
also seek prior approval for manufacturing products outside of Israel, we may
not receive such grant or may receive a grant in an amount that is less than
the amount we sought.

Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969

Pursuant to the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969, a company
qualifies as an "Industrial Company" if it is a resident of Israel and at least
90% of its gross income in any tax year (exclusive of income from certain
defense loans, capital gains, interest and dividends) is derived from an
"industrial enterprise" it owns. An "industrial enterprise" is defined as an
enterprise whose major activity, in a given tax year, is industrial
manufacturing.

We believe that we currently qualify as an Industrial Company. Accordingly, we
are entitled to certain tax benefits, including a deduction of 12.5% per annum
on the purchase of patents or certain other intangible property rights (other
than goodwill) used for the development or promotion of the industrial
enterprise over a period of eight years beginning with the year in which such
rights were first used.

The tax laws and regulations dealing with the adjustment of taxable income for
local inflation provide that an industrial enterprise, like us, is eligible for
special rates of depreciation deductions. These rates vary in the case of plant
and machinery according to the number of shifts in which the equipment is being
operated and range from 20% to 40% on a straight-line basis, or 30% to 50% on a
declining balance basis (instead of the regular rates which are applied on a
straight-line basis).

Moreover, industrial enterprises which are approved enterprises (see below) can
choose between (a) the special rates referred to above and (b) accelerated
regular rates of depreciation applied on a straight-line basis with respect to
property and equipment, generally ranging from 200% (with respect to equipment)
to 400% (with respect to buildings) of the ordinary depreciation rates during
the first five years of service of these assets, provided that the depreciation
on a building may not exceed 20% per annum. In no event may the total
depreciation exceed 100% of the cost of the asset.

In addition, Industrial Companies may (i) amortize the cost of purchased
know-how and patents over an eight-year period for tax purposes, (ii) elect to
file consolidated tax returns with additional related Israeli Industrial
Companies and (iii) deduct expenses related to public offerings in equal
amounts over three-years.

Eligibility for benefits under the Encouragement of Industry Law is not
contingent upon the approval of any governmental authority. No assurance can be
given that we will continue to qualify as an Industrial Company, or will avail
ourselves of any benefits under this law in the future or that Industrial
Companies will continue to enjoy such tax benefits in the future.

Employee Stock Options

Effective from January 1, 2003, the Tax Reform Legislation enables a company to
grant options through one of three tax tracks:

(a)  the income tax track through a trustee pursuant to which the optionee pays
     income tax rate (according to the marginal tax rate of the optionee- up to
     49% tax) plus payments to the National Insurance Institute and health tax
     on the profit gained upon the earlier to occur of the transfer of the
     options or the underlying shares from the trustee to the optionee or the
     sale of the options or the underlying shares by the trustee, and the
     company may recognize expenses pertaining to the options for tax purposes.
     The options (or upon their exercise, the underlying shares), must be held
     by a trustee for a period of 12 months commencing from the end of the year
     in which the options were granted; or

(b)  the capital gains tax track through a trustee pursuant to which the
     optionee pays capital gains tax at a rate of 25% on the profit upon, the
     earlier to occur of the transfer of the options or the underlying shares
     from the trustee to the optionee or the sale of the options or the
     underlying shares by the trustee (in this track the optionee is not
     required to make payments to the National Insurance Institute and health
     tax) and the Company may not recognize expenses pertaining to the options
     for tax purposes. The options (or upon their exercise, the underlying
     shares), must be held by a trustee for a period of 24 months commencing
     from the end of the year in which the options were granted; or

(c)  the income tax track without a trustee pursuant to which the optionee pays
     income tax rate (according to the marginal tax rate of the optionee up to
     49% tax) plus payments to the National Insurance Institute and health tax
     on the profit upon the sale of the underlying shares, and the company may
     not recognize expenses pertaining to the options for tax purposes.

In accordance with the provisions of the Tax Reform Legislation, if a company
has selected the capital gains track, the company must continue granting
options under the selected capital gains track until the end of the year
following the year in which the first grant of options under that trustee track
will be made. Notwithstanding the above, the company may at any time also grant
options under the provisions of the income tax track without a trustee.

The above rules apply only to employees, including officer holders but
excluding controlling shareholders.

Taxation Under Inflationary Conditions

The Income Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments), 1985 ("Inflationary Adjustments
Law") is intended to neutralize the erosion of capital investments in business
and to prevent tax benefits resulting from deduction of inflationary interest
expenses. This law applies a supplementary set of inflationary adjustments to
the normal taxable profits computed under regular historical cost principles.


Under the Inflationary Adjustments Law, results for tax purposes are measured
in real terms, in accordance with the changes in the consumer price index. In
addition, subject to certain limitations, depreciation of fixed assets and
losses carried forward are adjusted for inflation on the basis of changes in
the consumer price index.

The salient features of the Inflationary Adjustments Law can be described
generally as follows:

A special tax adjustment for the preservation of equity, based on changes in
the CPI, whereby certain corporate assets are classified broadly into fixed
(inflation-resistant) assets and non-fixed assets. Where shareholders' equity,
(as defined in the Inflationary Adjustment Law), exceeds the depreciated cost
of fixed assets (as defined in the Inflationary Adjustment Law), a tax
deduction which takes into account the effect of the annual rate of inflation
on such excess is allowed (up to a ceiling of 70% of taxable income for
companies in any single year, with the unused portion carried forward on a
CPI-linked basis, without limit). If the depreciated cost of such fixed assets
exceeds shareholders' equity, then such excess, multiplied by the annual
inflation rate, is added to taxable income.

Subject to certain limitations, depreciation deductions on fixed assets and
losses carried forward are adjusted for inflation based on the increase in the
consumer price index (from the beginning of the 1982 fiscal year, and as of the
1985 fiscal year, with respect to equipment); and gains on the sale of certain
traded securities are taxable. However, dealers in securities are subject to
the regular tax rules applicable to business income in Israel.

Results for tax purposes are measured in real terms, in accordance with the
changes in the CPI. We are taxed under this law. The discrepancy between the
change in (i) the CPI and (ii) the exchange rate of the Israeli currency to the
dollar, each year and cumulatively, may result in a significant difference
between taxable income and other items as denominated in dollars as reflected
in our financial statements (which are reported in dollars). In addition,
subject to certain limitations, depreciation of fixed assets and losses carried
forward are adjusted for inflation on the basis of changes in the Israeli CPI.

Taxation of our shareholders

Capital Gains and Income Taxes; Estate and Gift Tax

Israeli law imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of capital assets. The law
distinguishes between the Real Gain and the Inflationary Surplus. The Real Gain
is the excess of the total capital gain over the Inflationary Surplus, computed
on the basis of the increase of the consumer price index between the date of
purchase and date of sale. The Inflationary Surplus accumulated until December
31, 1993 is taxed at a rate of 10% for residents of Israel (reduced to no tax
for non-residents if calculated according to the exchange rate of the foreign
currency lawfully invested in shares of an Israeli resident company, instead of
the consumer price index). Inflationary Surplus accumulated from and after
December 31, 1993 is exempt from any capital gains tax, while the Real Gain is
added to ordinary income, which effective until December 31 2002 is taxed at
the marginal rate of up to 49% for individuals and 35% for corporations (in
2004).

Until January 1, 2003, (the "Effective Date") the basic capital gains tax rate
applicable to corporations was 36% and the capital gains tax rate for
individuals was based on the individual's tax bracket up to 50%. For 2004, the
basic capital gains tax rate applicable to corporations was 35%. Since the
Effective Date the real capital gains tax rate for both individuals and
corporations is 25%. . Specific tax rates apply to sales of publicly traded
securities as described below. These tax rates are subject to the provisions of
any applicable bilateral double taxation treaty. The treaty concerning double
taxation between the United States and Israel (the "Treaty") is discussed
below.

Under current law, effective on the Effective Date so long as our ordinary
shares are listed on a stock exchange the sale of these shares is subject to
15% tax in case the shares were purchased after December 31, 2002, and in case
the shares were purchased before that date the sale will be subject to a
blended tax in which the portion of the gain accrued until December 31, 2002
will be exempt from Israeli capital gains tax and the portion of the real gain
accrued from the Effective Date until the date of sale will be subject to 15%
tax. The taxable real gain will be based on the difference between the adjusted
average value of the shares during the last three trading days before the
Effective Date (or the adjusted original cost if it is higher than the adjusted
average value) and the value of the shares at the date of sale. In the event
the above mentioned calculation creates a loss, such loss can only be offset
against a capital gain from other traded securities according to the provisions
of the Israeli law. The amount of the loss is limited to the difference between
the adjusted average value and the value of the shares at the date of sale.

However, as of the Effective Date non-residents of Israel will be exempt from
capital gains tax in relation to the sale of our ordinary shares for so long as
(a) our ordinary shares are listed for trading on a stock exchange outside of
Israel, (b) the capital gains are not accrued or derived by the non-resident
shareholder's permanent enterprise in Israel, (c) the ordinary shares in
relation to which the capital gains are accrued or derived were acquired by the
non-resident shareholder after the initial listing of the ordinary shares on a
stock exchange outside of Israel and (d) neither the shareholder nor the
particular capital gain is otherwise subject to certain sections of the Israeli
Income Tax Ordinance. In addition, under the Treaty, a holder of ordinary
shares who is a United States resident will be exempt from Israeli capital
gains tax on the sale, exchange or other disposition of such ordinary shares
unless the holder owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of our voting power
during the 12 months preceding such sale, exchange or other disposition.

Individuals who are non-residents of Israel are subject to a graduated income
tax on income accrued or derived from sources in Israel. On the distribution of
dividends other than stock dividends, income tax at the rate of 25% (15% in the
case of dividends distributed from the taxable income attributable to an
Approved Enterprise) is withheld at source, unless a different rate is provided
in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder's country of residence. In the
U.S., if the dividend recipient holds 10% of our voting stock for a certain
period prior to the declaration and payment of the dividend, we are only
required to withhold income tax at a 12.5% rate. A non-resident of Israel who
has interest, dividend or royalty income derived from or accrued in Israel,
from which tax was withheld at source, is generally exempt from the duty to
file tax returns in Israel in respect of such income, provided such income was
not derived from a business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer.

Israel presently has no estate or gift tax.

U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty

Pursuant to the Convention Between the Government of the United States of
America and the Government of Israel with Respect to Taxes on Income (referred
to as the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty), the sale, exchange or disposition of
ordinary shares by a person who qualifies as a resident of the United States
within the meaning of the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty and who is entitled to claim
the benefits afforded to such resident by the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty (called a
Treaty U.S. Resident) will not be subject to Israeli capital gains tax unless
(a) such Treaty U.S. Resident is an individual and was present in Israel for
more than 183 days during the relevant taxable year or (b) such Treaty U.S.
Resident holds, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the
voting power of a company during any part of the 12-month period preceding such
sale, exchange or disposition. A sale, exchange or disposition of shares by a
Treaty U.S. Resident who is an individual and was present in Israel for more
than 183 days during the relevant taxable year or who holds, directly or
indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting power of a company at
any time during such preceding 12-month period would be subject to such Israeli
tax, to the extent applicable, unless the aforementioned exemption from capital
gain tax for shares listed on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange applies; however, in
case under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty and the Israeli tax law a Treaty U.S.
Resident will be subject to capital gain tax in Israel, such Treaty U.S.
Resident would be permitted to claim a credit for such taxes against the U.S.
income tax imposed with respect to such sale, exchange or disposition, subject
to the limitations in U.S. laws applicable to foreign tax credits.

United States Federal Tax Income Considerations

The following discussion of United States federal income tax considerations is
based on the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
"Code"), Treasury regulations, judicial decisions and published positions of
the United States Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), all as in effect on the
date hereof. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States
federal income taxation (including potential application of the alternative
minimum tax) that may be relevant to a particular shareholder based on such
shareholder's particular circumstances. In particular, the following discussion
does not address the United States federal income tax consequences of
purchasing, holding or disposing of our ordinary shares to shareholders who own
(directly, indirectly or through attribution) 10% or more of our outstanding
voting stock or who are broker-dealers, insurance companies, tax-exempt
organizations, financial institutions, non-resident aliens of the United States
or U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S.
dollar. The following discussion also does not address any aspect of state,
local or non-United States tax laws. Further, this summary generally considers
only a U.S. Holder that will own our ordinary shares as capital assets
(generally, assets held for investment). Each prospective investor should
consult its tax advisor with respect to the specific United States federal,
state and local tax consequences of purchasing, holding or disposing of our
ordinary shares.

Taxation of U.S. Holders

For purposes of this discussion, a "U.S. Holder" means any beneficial owner of
our ordinary shares who, for United States federal income tax purposes, is: (i)
a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation or partnership
(or other entity or arrangement treated as a corporation or partnership)
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the
District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to United
States federal income taxation regardless of source; or (iv) a trust, if a
United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over its
administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to
control all of its substantial decisions or a trust that was in existence on
August 10, 1996 and validly elected to continue to be treated as a domestic
trust. A "Non-U.S. Holder" is any beneficial owner other than a U.S. Holder. If
a partnership or any other entity or arrangement treated as a partnership holds
our ordinary shares, the United States federal income tax treatment of a
partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities
of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our ordinary
shares, you should consult your tax advisor.

Distributions. We do not anticipate that we will make distributions to
shareholders in the foreseeable future. If we do make any such distributions,
the gross amount of such distributions (before reduction for any Israeli
withholding tax) will be included in the gross income of U.S. Holders to the
extent of our earnings and profits, as calculated under United States federal
income tax principles. Such dividends will not qualify for the dividends
received deduction available in certain circumstances to corporate holders.
Subject to the PFIC discussion below, to the extent that any such distribution
exceeds our earnings and profits, such distribution will be treated as a
non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder's adjusted basis
in our ordinary shares and thereafter as taxable capital gain. For United
States federal income tax purposes, the amount of any dividend that we pay in
NIS to a U.S. Holder will equal the U.S. dollar value of such NIS at the
exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is considered to be received
by the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the NIS are actually converted into
U.S. dollars at that time. A U.S. Holder who receives a foreign currency
distribution and converts the foreign currency into U.S. dollars subsequent to
receipt will have foreign exchange gain or loss, based on any appreciation or
depreciation in the value of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar,
which will generally be United States source ordinary income or loss.

Credit for Israeli Taxes Withheld. Any dividends that we pay to a U.S. Holder
with respect to our ordinary shares generally will be treated for United States
federal income tax purposes as foreign-source income. Subject to certain
conditions and limitations, any Israeli taxes withheld or paid with respect to
dividends on our ordinary shares generally will be eligible for credit against
the U.S. Holder's United States federal income tax liability. Such limitations
include extensive separate computation rules under which foreign tax credits
allowable with respect to specific classes of foreign-source income cannot
exceed the United States federal income taxes otherwise payable with respect to
such classes of income. Subject to the particular circumstances of a U.S.
Holder, any dividends with respect to our ordinary shares generally will be
classified as "passive income" for foreign tax credit purposes.

Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may elect to claim a United States tax deduction
for any such Israeli tax, but only for a tax year in which the U.S. Holder
elects to do so with respect to all foreign income tax as paid. In addition, a
non-corporate U.S. Holder cannot elect to deduct Israeli taxes if such U.S.
Holder does not itemize deductions.

Dispositions. In general, any gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the
sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares will be United States-source
income or loss for purposes of the United States federal foreign tax credit
limitation. However, a U.S. Holder who is also a resident of the United States
under the tax treaty between the United States and Israel and who sells our
ordinary shares in Israel may elect to treat gain from the sale or other
disposition of our ordinary shares as foreign-source income for purposes of the
United States federal foreign tax credit limitation. Under current law, it is
uncertain whether a similar election may be made to treat losses from the sale
or other dispositions of our ordinary shares as a foreign source for purposes
of such tax credit limitation. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors
regarding the application of the United States federal foreign tax credit
limitation to gain or loss recognized on the disposition of our ordinary shares
and the treatment of any foreign currency gain or loss on any NIS received in
respect of the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Status.

Generally a non-United States corporation is treated as a passive foreign
investment company ("PFIC") for United States federal income tax purposes if
either (i) 75% or more of its gross income (including the pro rata gross income
of any company (United States or non-United States) in which such corporation
is considered to own 25% or more of the stock by value) for the taxable year is
passive income, generally referred to as the "income test," or (ii) 50% or more
of the average value of its assets (including the pro rata value of the assets
of any company in which such corporation is considered to own 25% or more of
the stock by value) during the taxable year, measured at the end of each
quarter, produce or are held for the production of passive income in the
taxable year, generally referred to as the "asset test".

We do not believe that we should be treated as a PFIC for any tax year through
and including the tax year ended December 31, 2004. However, the statutory
provisions, legislative history and administrative pronouncements with respect
to the principles under which the asset test is to be implemented leave
unanswered a number of questions pertaining to the application of the asset
test to us. In the absence of regulations, case law or other guidance from the
IRS that addresses these questions, there can be no assurance that we are not,
and have not been, a PFIC. In view of this uncertainty, U.S. Holders are urged
to consult their tax advisors for guidance.

If we were deemed to be a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder
held ordinary shares and such holder failed to make either a "QEF election" or
a "mark-to-market election" (each as described below):

    o    gain recognized by the U.S. Holder upon the disposition of, as well as
         income recognized upon receiving certain dividends on, our ordinary
         shares would be taxable as ordinary income;

    o    the U.S. Holder would be required to allocate such dividend income
         and/or disposition gain ratably over such holder's entire holding
         period for such ordinary shares;

    o    the amount allocated to each year other than the year of the dividend
         payment or disposition would be subject to tax at the highest
         individual or corporate tax rate, as applicable, and an interest
         charge would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax liability;

    o    the U.S. Holder would be required to file an annual return on IRS Form
         8621 regarding distributions received on, and gain recognized on
         dispositions of, our ordinary shares; and

    o    any U.S. Holder who acquired our ordinary shares upon the death of a
         U.S. Holder would not receive a step-up of the income tax basis to
         fair market value of such shares. Instead, such U.S. Holder
         beneficiary would have a tax basis equal to the decedent's basis, if
         lower.

Although a determination as to a corporation's PFIC status is made annually, an
initial determination that a corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year
generally will cause the above described consequences to apply for all future
years to U.S. Holders who held shares in the corporation at any time during a
year when the corporation was a PFIC and who did not timely make a QEF election
or mark-to-market election (each as described below) with respect to such
shares with their United States federal income tax return for the first tax
year in which such U.S. Holder owned the shares and the corporation was a PFIC.
This will be true even if the corporation ceases to be a PFIC in later years.
However, with respect to a PFIC that does not make any distributions or deemed
distributions, the above tax treatment would apply only to U.S. Holders who
realize gain on their disposition of shares in the PFIC.

In the event that we were deemed to be a PFIC for any taxable year, if a U.S.
Holder made a timely and valid QEF election with respect to our ordinary
shares:

    o    the U.S. Holder would be required for each taxable year for which we
         are a PFIC to include in income such holder's pro rata share of our
         (i) ordinary earnings as ordinary income and (ii) net capital gain as
         long-term capital gain, in each case computed under United States
         federal income tax principles, even if such earnings or gains have not
         been distributed, unless the shareholder makes an election to defer
         this tax liability and pays an interest charge;

    o    the U.S. Holder would not be required to include any amount in income
         for any taxable year during which we do not have ordinary earnings or
         net capital gain; and

    o    the U.S. Holder would not be required to include any amount in income
         for any taxable year for which we are not a PFIC.

The QEF election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis. Thus, any U.S.
Holder of our ordinary shares can make its own decision whether to make a QEF
election. A QEF election applies to all shares of the PFIC held or subsequently
acquired by an electing U.S. Holder and can be revoked only with the consent of
the IRS. It should be noted that U.S. Holders may not make a QEF election with
respect to an option to acquire ordinary shares, and that certain classes of
investors (for example, consolidated groups and grantor trusts) are subject to
special rules regarding the QEF election.

In the event that we were deemed to be a PFIC for any taxable year and a U.S.
Holder failed to make a QEF election for the first taxable year that we were a
PFIC and such U.S. Holder owned our ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder could
obtain treatment similar to that afforded a shareholder who has made a timely
QEF election by making a QEF election and a deemed sale election or "purging
election" for the same taxable year. If a purging election is made, the U.S.
Holder will be treated if it had sold our ordinary shares for their fair market
value on the last day of the taxable year and will recognize gain, but not
loss, on such deemed sale in accordance with the general PFIC rules, including
the interest charge provisions described above. Thereafter, the U.S. Holder's
interest will be treated as an interest in a qualified electing fund.

Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of shares in a PFIC can elect to mark the shares
to market annually, recognizing as ordinary income or loss each year the shares
are held, as well as on the disposition of the shares, in an amount equal to
the difference between the U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in the PFIC stock
and its fair market value. Losses are allowed only to the extent of net
mark-to-market gains previously included in income by the U.S. Holder under the
election in prior taxable years. As with the QEF election, a U.S. Holder who
makes a mark-to-market election will not be subject to the ratable allocations
of gain, the interest charge, and the denial of basis step-up at death
described above. A mark-to-market election is irrevocable (except to the extent
that our ordinary shares are no longer marketable or the IRS consents to a
revocation of the election) and continues to apply even if the PFIC loses its
status as such.

U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares should consult their tax advisors about the
PFIC rules, including the possibility, and advisability of, and the procedure
and timing for making a QEF or mark-to-market election in connection with their
holding of ordinary shares, including options to acquire our ordinary shares.

Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders

Subject to the discussion below with respect to the United States backup
withholding tax, a Non-U.S. Holder (i.e., any person other than a U.S. Holder)
generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax on dividends
from us, if any, or gain from the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares,
unless (i) such income is effectively connected with the conduct by the
Non-U.S. Holder of a United States trade or business, and in the case of a
resident of a country which has an income tax treaty with the United States,
such income is attributable to a permanent establishment (or in the case of an
individual, a fixed place of business) in the United States; or (ii) with
respect to any gain on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares
realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such individual Non-U.S. Holder is
present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the
sale or other disposition and meets certain other conditions.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Under the Code, under certain circumstances, United States tax information
reporting and "backup withholding" of United States federal income tax on
dividends on, and the proceeds of dispositions of, our ordinary shares may
apply to both U.S. Holders and Non-U.S. Holders. Backup withholding will not
apply, however, to a holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification
number or certificate of foreign status and makes any other required
certification or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Generally, a
U.S. Holder will provide such certification on IRS Form W-9, and a non-U.S.
Holder will provide such certification on IRS Form W-8. Any amounts withheld
under the United States backup withholding rules will be allowed as a refund or
credit against the U.S. Holder's or the non-U.S. Holder's United States federal
income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the
IRS.

10F.     Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

10G.     Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

10H.     Documents on Display

We are subject to certain of the information reporting requirements of the
Exchange Act, as amended. We, as a "foreign private issuer" are exempt from the
rules and regulations under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and
content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal
shareholders are exempt from the reporting and "short-swing" profit recovery
provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to their
purchase and sale of our shares. In addition, we are not required to file
reports and financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission as
frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered
under the Securities Exchange Act. However, we will file with the Securities
and Exchange Commission an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial
statements audited by an independent accounting firm.

You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at its public reference
facilities at, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549 and at the SEC's
regional offices at 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL
60661-2511. You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by
writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. The SEC also maintains a web site that contains
reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of this web site
is http://www.sec.gov. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further
information on the operation of the public reference facilities.

10I.     Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.


ITEM 11.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio to
hedge foreign currency or other types of market risks. We place our investments
in instruments that meet high credit quality standards. We generally invest
cash in time deposit and commercial papers, at a minimum rating of single A2/P2
and auction rate securities rated AAA. We do not expect any material loss with
respect to our investment portfolio.

The table below provides information about our investment portfolio. For
investment securities, the table presents principal cash flows and related
weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. Our investment
policy requires that all investments mature in two years or less.


Principal (Notional) Amounts by Expected Maturity in U.S. Dollars:

                        Fair Market Value on December 31
               (in thousands, except interest rates and duration)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                2003              2004
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Portfolio                                12,149            7,886
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Interest Rate                           1.0%              1.8%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Duration (Month)                        1.3               0.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash Equivalents (up to three months           12,074            7,886
maturity)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Interest Rate                           1.0%              1.8%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Short Term Investments (three-twelve             75                -
months maturity)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Interest Rate                           1.0%               -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


ITEM 12.    DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.
<PAGE>

                                    PART TWO


ITEM 13.    DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

The Company is not in default of any payment of principal, interest, sinking or
purchase fund installment, or indebtedness of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries exceeding 5% of total assets on a consolidated basis. There has
been no payment of dividends that is in arrears, and there has been no material
delinquency relating to any class of preferred stock in the Company or its
subsidiaries.


ITEM 14.    MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
            PROCEEDS

There have been no material changes to or limitations on the rights of the
holders of any class of registered shares caused by the changes in the terms of
the securities or the issuance or modification of a different class of
securities. There has been no material withdrawal or substitution of assets.


ITEM 15.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

15(a)    Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness
of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the
period covered by this annual report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's
Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of
the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are
effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely
basis, information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it
files or submits under the Exchange Act.

15(b)    Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over
financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act) or in other factors during the period covered by this
annual report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 16A.   Audit Committee Financial Expert.

The Company's audit committee is comprised of Douglas Dunn, Yoav Chelouche,
Lior Haramaty and Michal Even-Chen. We believe that Mr. Dunn and Mr. Chelouche
qualify as audit committee financial experts as such term is defined under
Exchange Act rules.

ITEM 16B.   Code of Ethics.

We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to our principal
executive officer, principal financial officer, executive vice president global
sales, principal controller, treasurer and to persons performing similar
functions. A copy of our code of ethics was filed with our annual report on
Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003 as Exhibit 9.

We have also adopted written standards of business conduct that apply to all
directors, officers and employees. A copy of our written standards of business
conduct was filed with our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended
December 31, 2003 as Exhibit 14(a).

ITEM 16C.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

Our audit committee pre-approval policies and procedures for audit and
non-audit services are referred to in Exhibit 4.1(k) to this annual report.

Our auditors received the following fees for audit and audit-related services
in 2003 and 2004 (in thousands of U.S. dollars):


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Year Ended December 31,
                     -----------------------------------------------------------
                                 2003                           2004
-------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------
Services rendered         Fees       Percentages        Fees       Percentages
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Audit (1)                 66.0           35%            41.7           30%
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Audit-related (2)         20.0           11%             9.5            7%
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Tax (3)                   88.0           47%            66.3           47%
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Other (4)                 14.0            7%            23.2           16%
-------------------- ------------- --------------- ------------- ---------------
Total                    188.0          100%           140.7          100%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1) Audit fees consist of services that would normally be provided in
connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements, including
services that generally only the independent accountant can reasonably provide.

(2) Audit-related fees relate to assurance and associated services that
traditionally are performed by the independent auditor, including: accounting
consultation and consultation concerning financial accounting and reporting
standards.

(3) Tax fees relate to tax compliance, planning and advice.

(4) Other fees relate to consulting services.

All of the services referred to in clauses (2), (3) and (4) above were approved
by the Company's audit committee.


ITEM 16D.   Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees -

            None.


ITEM 16E.   Purchases of Equity Securities By The Issuer And Affiliated
            Purchaser -

            None.
<PAGE>

                                   PART THREE


ITEM 17.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Not applicable.


ITEM 18.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

           CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004

                                    CONTENTS
                                                                        Page
                                                                     ----------

REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS                                         F2-3

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

  Consolidated Balance Sheets                                            F4

  Consolidated Statements of Operations                                  F5

  Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity                          F6

  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows                                  F7

  Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements                      F8 - F28


ITEM 19.    EXHIBITS

1. Articles of Association previously filed with the SEC on June 30, 2001 as
Exhibit 1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended
December 31, 2000, which are incorporated herein by reference.

2.1 Form of Share Certificate of VocalTec Communications Ltd. previously filed
with the SEC on January 5, 1996 as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company's Registration
Statement on Form F-1, File Number 333-00120, which is incorporated herein by
reference.

4.1      (a)      VocalTec Communications Ltd. 1996 Stock Option Plan and
                  Incentive Plan previously filed with the SEC on August 2,
                  1996 as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on
                  Form S-8, File No. 2-0-27648, which is incorporated herein by
                  reference.

         (b)      VocalTec Communications Ltd. 1997 Stock Option and Incentive
                  Plan filed with the SEC on October 31, 1997 as an exhibit to
                  the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No.
                  333-100120, which is incorporated herein by reference.

         (c)      VocalTec Communications Ltd. 1998 and 1999 Stock Option Plan
                  and Incentive Plan previously filed with the SEC on August 2,
                  1999 as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on
                  Form S-8, File No. 333-10648, which is incorporated herein by
                  reference.

         (d)      VocalTec Communications Ltd. 2000 Master Option Plan
                  previously filed with the SEC on June 30, 2001 as Exhibit
                  4.1(d) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the
                  year ended December 31, 2000, which is incorporated herein by
                  reference.

         (e)      VocalTec Communications Ltd. 2003 Master Option Plan
                  previously filed with the SEC on June 24, 2003 as an exhibit
                  to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No.
                  333-106400, which is incorporated herein by reference.

         (f)      Summary of Lease Agreement for Herzliya Business Park,
                  Building D, by and between VocalTec Communications Ltd. and
                  Gemel Tsu'a Lehashka'ot Ltd. (the "Herzliya lease"), dated
                  July 20, 1998, previously filed with the SEC on June 30, 2001
                  as Exhibit 4.1(e) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F
                  for the year ended December 31, 2000, which is incorporated
                  herein by reference.

         (g)      Summary of amendment to the Herzliya lease, entered into on
                  June 19, 2002, previously filed with SEC on May 13, 2003 as
                  Exhibit 4.1(f) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F
                  for the year ended December 31, 2002, which is incorporated
                  herein by reference.

         (h)      Summary of amendment to the Herzliya lease, entered into on
                  August 31, 2004.

         (i)      Lease Agreement Fort Lee Executive Park, by and between
                  VocalTec Communications Inc. and Executive Park LLC., dated
                  March 7, 2003, previously filed with SEC on May 13, 2003 as
                  Exhibit 4.1(g) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F
                  for the year ended December 31, 2002, which is incorporated
                  herein by reference.

         (j)      Form of securities purchase agreement dated March 10, 2004
                  between the Company and certain institutional investors,
                  previously filed with SEC on April 2, 2004 as Exhibit 4.1(i)
                  to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year
                  ended December 31, 2003, which is incorporated herein by
                  reference.

         (k)      Form of warrant issued to the investors parties to the
                  securities purchase agreement referred to in clause (j),
                  previously filed with SEC on April 2, 2004 as Exhibit 4.1(j)
                  to the Company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year
                  ended December 31, 2003, which is incorporated herein by
                  reference.

         (l)      Audit Committee pre-approval policies and procedures for
                  audit and non-audit services, previously filed with SEC on
                  April 2, 2004 as Exhibit 4.1(k) to the Company's Annual
                  Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003,
                  which is incorporated herein by reference.

8.       List of Subsidiaries.

12.      Certifications of CEO and CFO of VocalTec Communications Ltd. required
         by Rule 13a-14(a) (17 CFR 240.13a - 14(a)) or Rule 15d-14(a) (17 CFR
         240.15d - 14(a)).

13.      Certifications of CEO and CFO of VocalTec Communications Ltd. required
         by Rule 13a-14(b) (17 CFR 240.13a - 14(b)) or Rule 15d-14(b) (17 CFR
         240.15d - 14(b)).

14.      Consents of Independent Public Accountants and Independent Auditors
         of VocalTec Communications Ltd.
<PAGE>

                                   SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for
filing on Form 20-F and it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to
sign this annual report on its behalf.

By:                  /s/ Elon Ganor
                     ----------------------------------------
Name:                ELON GANOR
Title:               CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
                     AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER


By:                  /s/ Hugo Goldman
                     ----------------------------------------
Name:                HUGO GOLDMAN
Title:               CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER


VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD.

     Date:  June 30, 2005

<PAGE>






               VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

                       CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

                            AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004

                                IN U.S. DOLLARS


                                     INDEX
                                     -----


                                                                      Page
                                                                  -------------

 Report of Independent Auditors                                       2 - 3

 Consolidated Balance Sheets                                            4

 Consolidated Statements of Operations                                  5

 Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity                          6

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows                                  7

 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements                      8 - 28



                     - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

                                      F-1
<PAGE>

[ERNST & YOUNG GRAPHIC OMITTED]


            REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

                             To the Shareholders of


                          VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD.

       We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VocalTec
Communications Ltd. ("the Company") and its subsidiaries as of December 31,
2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes
in shareholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended. Our audit also
included the financial statement schedule listed at Item 8A. These financial
statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and
schedule based on our audits.

       We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged
to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting
as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.

       In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above,
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position
of the Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the
consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years
then ended in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered
in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly
in all material respects the information set forth therein.

       The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared
assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully
described in Note 1b to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, the
Company has incurred recurring net losses and negative cash flows from
operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to the Company's
ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include
any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability
and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities
that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.


Tel-Aviv, Israel                              KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
February 10, 2005, except as                  A Member of Ernst & Young Global
to Note 1(b) which is
dated June 27, 2005

                                      F-2
<PAGE>

                         REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS



To the Shareholders of
VocalTec Communications Ltd.:
-----------------------------

       We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of operations,
changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows of VocalTec Communications Ltd.
(the "Company") and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2002. Our
audit also included the financial statement schedule listed at Item 8A. These
financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audit and schedule.

       We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public
Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

       In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated results of
operations and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year
ended December 31, 2002, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule,
when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole,
presents fairly in all material respects, the information set forth therein.


                                         Luboshitz Kasierer
                         An Affiliate Member of Ernst & Young International


Tel-Aviv, Israel
January 30, 2003

                                      F-3
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
                                                                        VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data
<CAPTION>
                                                                                                   December 31,
                                                                                         --------------------------------
                                                                               Note           2004              2003
                                                                            -----------  --------------    --------------
<S>                                                                             <C>        <C>               <C>
    ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS:
  Cash and cash equivalents                                                                $     3,058       $     2,434
  Restricted cash                                                                3               1,308             1,368
  Marketable securities                                                          3               3,520             8,348
  Trade receivables (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 0 and
    $ 156 as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively)*)                                        175             1,535
  Prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable                                 4                 982               872
  Inventories                                                                    5                 471             1,481
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

Total current assets                                                                             9,514            16,038
-----                                                                                    --------------    --------------

SEVERANCE PAY FUNDS                                                                              2,113             2,107
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

EQUIPMENT, NET                                                                   6               1,070             1,496
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

                                                                                           $    12,697       $    19,641
                                                                                         ==============    ==============

    LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
  Trade payables                                                                           $     1,133       $     2,423
  Accrued expenses and other liabilities                                         7               3,011             4,071
  Deferred revenues                                                                                886             1,505
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

                                                                                                 5,030             7,999
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

ACCRUED SEVERANCE PAY                                                                            2,871             3,104
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

Total liabilities                                                                                7,901            11,103
-----                                                                                    --------------    --------------

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES                                                    8

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:                                                            9
  Share capital
    Ordinary shares of NIS 0.01 par value:
      Authorized - 50,000,000 and 30,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2004
        and 2003, respectively: Issued and outstanding: 15,081,523 and
        12,445,299 shares as of December 31, 2004 and 2003,
        respectively                                                                                42                37
  Additional paid-in capital                                                                   106,900            97,553
  Accumulated deficit                                                                         (102,146)         (89,052)
                                                                                         --------------    --------------

Total shareholders' equity                                                                       4,796             8,538
-----                                                                                    --------------    --------------

                                                                                           $    12,697       $    19,641
                                                                                         ==============    ==============
</TABLE>

*)   Includes trade receivables from related parties in the amount of $ 0 and
     $ 544 as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.

                                                             F-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
                                                                         VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data
<CAPTION>
                                                                                       Year ended December 31,
                                                                           ------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Note          2004            2003             2002
                                                               ----------- --------------- ---------------  ---------------

<S>                                                                          <C>             <C>              <C>

Sales (*):                                                         10
  Products                                                                   $    3,166      $   15,677       $   13,517
  Services                                                                        2,286           3,009            2,071
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

                                                                                  5,452          18,686           15,588
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Cost of sales:                                                     11
  Products                                                                        1,816           7,431            5,999
  Services                                                                        1,556           1,292              669
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

                                                                                  3,372           8,723            6,668
Inventory write-off                                                               1,109               -              870
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

                                                                                  4,481           8,723            7,538
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Gross profit                                                                        971           9,963            8,050
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Operating expenses:
  Research and development, net                                    12             4,284           4,132            6,138
  Selling and marketing                                                           7,181          10,344           16,401
  General and administrative                                                      2,752           3,621            4,512
  Restructuring costs                                              13                 -               -            2,703
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Total operating expenses                                                         14,217          18,097           29,754
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Operating loss                                                                  (13,246)         (8,134)         (21,704)

Other income, net                                                  14                44             132           10,220
Financial income, net                                              15               169              63              409
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes                             (13,033)         (7,939)         (11,075)

Tax benefit (income taxes)                                         17               (61)           (131)           5,294
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Loss from continuing operations after income taxes                              (13,094)         (8,070)          (5,781)

Discontinued operations:                                           16
  Loss from operations of discontinued segment                                        -               -             (588)
  Gain (loss) on disposal of segment                                                  -              75           (1,786)
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Net loss                                                                     $  (13,094)     $   (7,995)      $   (8,155)
                                                                           =============== ===============  ===============

Basic and diluted net loss per Ordinary share:
  Loss from continuing operations                                           $     (0.90)    $     (0.66)     $     (0.48)
  Gain (loss) from discontinued operations                                            -            0.01            (0.20)
                                                                           --------------- ---------------  ---------------

Net loss                                                                    $     (0.90)    $     (0.65)     $     (0.68)
                                                                           =============== ===============  ===============

Weighted average number of Ordinary shares used in computing
  net loss per share in thousands - basic and diluted                            14,526          12,248           12,127
                                                                           =============== ===============  ===============
</TABLE>

*)   Includes sales to related parties for the years ended December 31, 2004,
     2003 and 2002 in the amount of $ 1,698, $ 9,780 and $ 4,969, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.

                                                               F-5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
                                                                               VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data
<CAPTION>

                                                                        Accumulated
                                      Number              Additional       other                         Total           Total
                                        of        Share    paid-in     comprehensive   Accumulated    comprehensive   shareholders'
                                      shares     capital   capital         income        deficit          loss           equity
                                   -----------  --------  ----------   -------------  ------------    -------------   ------------

<S>                                 <C>          <C>      <C>            <C>             <C>         <C>               <C>
Balance as of January 1, 2002       12,127,058   $    36  $   96,977     $ *) 7,118    $  (72,902)                     $  31,229

  Compensation expense
    relating to consultant                   -         -          38              -             -               -             38
  Comprehensive loss:
    Net loss                                 -         -           -              -        (8,155)    $    (8,155)        (8,155)
    Unrealized loss from
      available-for-sale
      marketable securities
      and reclassification
      adjustment (Note 18)                   -         -           -         (7,118)            -          (7,118)        (7,118)
                                   -----------  ---------  ---------   -------------  ------------   -------------    -----------
  Total comprehensive loss                                                                            $   (15,273)
                                                                                                      ===========

Balance as of December 31, 2002     12,127,058        36      97,015              -       (81,057)                        15,994

  Issuance of shares upon
    exercise of options                318,241         1         538              -             -                            539
  Comprehensive loss:
    Net loss                                 -         -           -              -        (7,995)    $    (7,995)        (7,995)
                                   -----------  ----------- --------   -------------  ------------    -------------   -----------
    Total comprehensive loss                                                                          $    (7,995)
                                                                                                      ============

Balance as of December 31, 2003     12,445,299        37      97,553              -       (89,052)                         8,538

  Issuance of shares upon
    exercise of options                236,224     **) -         224              -             -                            224
  Issuance of shares and
    warrants in a
    private placement ***)           2,400,000         5       9,123              -             -                           9,128
  Comprehensive loss
  Net loss                                   -         -           -              -       (13,094)    $    (13,094)       (13,094)
                                   -----------  ---------- ---------   -------------  ------------    -------------   ------------
  Total comprehensive loss                                                                            $    (13,094)
                                                                                                      =============

Balance as of December 31, 2004     15,081,523   $    42  $  106,900              -    $ (102,146)                     $    4,796
                                   ===========  ========= ==========   =============  ============                    ============


*)   Net of taxes of $ 4,745, as of January 1, 2002.

**)  Represents an amount lower than $1.

***) Net of issuance costs of $ 712.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
</TABLE>

                                                                F-6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
                                                                  VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands
<CAPTION>
                                                                                       Year ended December 31
                                                                  -------------------------------------------------
                                                                       2004              2003              2002

                                                                  --------------    --------------    --------------
<S>                                                                <C>               <C>               <C>
 Cash flows from operating activities
   Net loss                                                        $   (13,094)      $   (7,995)      $    (8,155)
   Adjustments required to reconcile net loss to net
     cash used in operating activities:
     Depreciation                                                          883            1,556             2,189
     Gain on sale of investment in ITXC                                      -                -           (10,313)
     Provision for decline in value of investments in private
       companies                                                             -                -               256
     Impairment of equipment                                                 -                -               367
     Loss (gain) on disposal of segment                                      -              (75)            1,576
     Compensation expense relating to consultant                             -                -                38
     Accrued severance pay, net                                           (239)            (189)              111
     Loss on sale of equipment                                               -                4                67
   Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
     Decrease (increase) in trade receivables, net                       1,360             (791)            4,662
     Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other accounts
       receivable                                                         (110)           1,163               467
     Decrease (increase) in inventories                                  1,010            2,605              (478)
     Decrease in trade payables                                         (1,290)            (391)           (2,279)
     Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities                 (1,060)          (1,720)           (2,018)
     Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues                             (619)             419             1,045
     Exchange differences on restricted cash                                60               (6)                -
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------
 Net cash used in operating activities                                 (13,099)          (5,420)          (12,465)
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Cash flows from investing activities
   Investment in bank deposits                                               -                -             3,000
   Investment in restricted cash                                             -           (1,362)                -
   Proceeds from redemption (purchase) of marketable securities, net     4,828             (628)           (2,224)
   Proceeds from sale of investment in ITXC                                  -                -            13,106
   Purchase of equipment                                                  (457)            (713)             (815)
   Proceeds from sale of equipment                                           -                2               104
   Loan provided to Surf & Call                                              -                -              (550)
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities                     4,371           (2,701)           12,621
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Cash flows from financing activities
   Proceeds from issuance of shares upon exercise options exercised        224              539                 -
   Proceeds from issuance of shares and warrants in a private
     placement                                                           9,128                -                 -
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Net cash provided by financing activities                               9,352              539                 -
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents                          624           (7,582)              156
 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year                  2,434           10,016             9,860
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year                  $     3,058       $    2,434       $    10,016
                                                                   ==============    ==============   ===============

 Supplemental cash flows information:
   Cash paid during the year for income taxes                      $        90       $      135       $       372
                                                                   ==============    ==============   ===============

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financialstatements.

</TABLE>
                                                     F-7
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 1:- GENERAL

         a.    VocalTec Communications Ltd. ("VocalTec Ltd.") and its
               subsidiaries ("the Company"), is a telecom equipment provider
               offering packet voice solutions for carriers and service
               providers, credited with innovating and providing packetized
               telephony solutions since 1995. During 2004 and 2003, 59% and
               74% of the Company's revenues, respectively, were derived from
               major customers, of which one customer is a related party (see
               Note 10).

         b.    The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern
               basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the
               satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.
               In 2004, 2003, and 2002, the Company had net losses of $
               13,094, $ 7,995, and $ 8,155, respectively. As of December 31,
               2004, the Company's shareholders' equity amounted to $4,796 and
               its total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and
               short-term deposits amounted to $ 7,886. Net cash used in
               operating activities in 2004, 2003, and 2002 was $ 13,099, $
               5,420, $ 12,465, respectively. In 2005, the Company continued
               to incur losses and have negative operating cash flows. The
               Company anticipates that additional funding from external
               sources will need to be raised in order to sustain operations.
               The Company is currently in negotiations to raise additional
               financing. However, as of June 27, 2005, such negotiations have
               not materialized into a contractual agreement. In light of the
               current condition of the Company and the amount of its liquid
               assets, as described above, if the Company continues to incur
               losses and is unable to secure additional financing sources to
               fund its operations, there is a substantial doubt as to the
               Company's ability to continue as a going concern and therefore
               the Company may be required to take certain actions in order to
               meet its obligations. These financial statements do not include
               any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the
               recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and
               classification of liabilities that may result should the
               Company be unable to continue as a going concern.


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

         The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
         conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
         United States ("U.S. GAAP").

         a.    Use of estimates:

               The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
               generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
               make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported
               in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual
               results could differ from those estimates.

         b.    Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

               Most of the Company's revenues are generated in U.S. dollars
               ("dollar"). In addition, a substantial portion of the Company's
               costs is incurred in dollars. The Company's management believes
               that the dollar is the currency of the primary economic
               environment in which the Company operates. Thus, the functional
               and reporting currency of the Company is the dollar.

                                      F-8
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

               Accordingly, the Company's and its subsidiaries' transactions
               and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their
               original amounts. Non-dollar transactions and balances have
               been remeasured into dollars in accordance with the guidance in
               Statements of the Financial Accounting Standard No. 52,
               "Foreign Currency Translation" ("SFAS No. 52") as follows:

               Monetary balances - at the exchange rate in effect on the
               balance sheet date. Revenues and costs - at the exchange rates
               in effect as of the date of recognition of the transactions.

               All exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement mentioned
               above are reflected in the statement of operations under
               financial income, net.

               The representative rate of exchange for the new Israeli shekel
               ("NIS") and the U.S. dollar at December 31, 2004 was $ 1.00 =
               NIS 4.308 (2003 - NIS 4.379 and 2002 - NIS 4.737).

         c.    Principles of consolidation:

               The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
               the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company's
               subsidiaries are VocalTec Communications, Inc. (U.S.A.),
               VocalTec Communications India Private Limited (India), VocalTec
               Communications Japan K.K. (Japan), VocalTec Communications
               Deutschland GmbH (Germany), VocalTec Communications Beijing
               rep. office (China), VocalTec Communications Hong-Kong
               (Hong-Kong), VocalTec Communications Singapore Pte, Ltd.
               (Singapore) and VocalTec Communications International B.V.
               (Netherlands). VocalTec Communications Inc. is a marketing and
               sales company and all the other subsidiaries are support
               companies for the marketing and selling activities of VocalTec
               Ltd. All intercompany balances and transactions have been
               eliminated upon consolidation.

         d.    Cash equivalents and restricted cash:

               Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that
               are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of
               three months or less.

               Restricted cash is primarily invested in highly liquid
               deposits, which are used as security for bank guarantees
               provided to customers and for certain commitments of the
               Company.

         e.    Marketable securities:

               The Company accounts for investments in commercial paper, in
               accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No.
               115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
               Securities"("SFAS No. 115").

               Management determines the appropriate classification of its
               investments in debt and equity securities at the time of
               purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance
               sheet date. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity
               when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold
               the securities to maturity. Such securities are stated at
               amortized cost. Any decline in value judged to be other than
               temporary and interest income are included in financial income,
               net.

                                      F-9
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

               The non-restricted portion of an investment in equity
               securities of a publicly-traded company that was
               available-for-sale was recorded at fair market value in
               accordance with SFAS No. 115. Unrealized gains and losses, net
               of taxes were included in accumulated other comprehensive
               income, a separate component of shareholders equity. The
               realized gain on sale of the aforementioned investment was
               included in the statements of operations.

         f.    Inventories:

               Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value.
               Inventory write-offs are provided to cover risks arising from
               slow-moving items, technological obsolescence, excess
               inventories, and discontinued products.

               Components cost is determined by the average-cost method.
               Finished goods are determined based on the cost of the
               components and direct manufacturing costs on a specific basis
               and other assembly costs on an average basis.

         g.    Fair value of financial instruments:

               The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted
               cash, marketable securities, trade receivables, net, other
               accounts receivable, trade payables and other liabilities are
               equivalent to, or approximate their fair value due to the
               short-term maturity of these instruments.

         h.    Equipment, net:

               Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
               Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the
               estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual
               rates:

                                                             %
                                                -----------------------------

               Computers and related equipment               33
               Office furniture and equipment               7 - 25
               Leasehold improvements            Over the shorter of the term
                                                 of the lease or the life of
                                                 the asset

               The Company's long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in
               accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
               144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived
               Assets" whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
               that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable..
               If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment is
               measured by the difference between the carrying amount of the
               asset and its fair value. See Note 13 for impairment of
               equipment recorded under restructuring costs in 2002.

                                     F-10
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

         i.    Revenue recognition:

               The Company generates revenues mainly from licensing the rights
               to use its software products and from providing maintenance and
               support services for the software sold. The Company's products
               are sold to end-users and to resellers, both of whom are
               considered end-users for the purpose of revenue recognition.

               The Company accounts for the sale of its software products in
               accordance with Statement of Position 97-2, "Software Revenue
               Recognition," as amended ("SOP No. 97-2"). Revenue earned on
               software arrangements involving multiple elements is allocated
               to each element based on the relative fair value of the
               elements. Fair value is determined based on vendor specific
               objective evidence, which is based on the price charged for the
               element when sold separately.

               Revenues from the sale of software products are recognized when
               persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery of the
               product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable,
               collectibility is probable and no further obligation exists.

               In contracts for which an acceptance provision is required by
               the customer, the Company defers revenue (and the related
               costs) until such acceptance confirmation is obtained. The
               Company does not grant a right of return to its customers.

               Revenue is deferred until the receipt of cash when uncertainty
               as to the collectibility exists.

               Revenues from maintenance and support services are recognized
               on a straight-line basis over the term of the maintenance and
               support agreement.

               Arrangements that include consulting, training or other
               services are evaluated to determine whether those services are
               essential to the functionality of other elements of the
               arrangement. When services are not considered essential, the
               revenue allocable to the software services is recognized as the
               services are performed. To date, the Company had determined
               that the services are not considered essential to the
               functionality of other elements of the arrangement.

               Deferred revenue includes unearned amounts received under
               maintenance and support contracts, and amounts received from
               customers but not recognized as revenues.

         j.    Research and development costs, net:

               Research and development costs, net of grants received, are
               charged to the statement of operations as incurred. Statement
               of Financial Accounting Standard No. 86, "Accounting for the
               Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise
               Marketed", ("SFAS No. 86"), requires capitalization of certain
               software development costs subsequent to the establishment of
               technological feasibility.

               Based on the Company's product development process,
               technological feasibility is established upon completion of a
               working model. Costs incurred by the Company between completion
               of the working models and the point at which the products are
               ready for general release have been insignificant. Therefore,
               all research and development costs have been expensed.

                                     F-11
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

               Royalty-bearing grants from the Government of Israel and other
               non royalty-bearing grants received for funding approved
               research and development projects are recognized at the time
               the Company is entitled to such grants, on the basis of the
               research and development costs incurred. Such grants are
               included as a deduction of research and development costs.

         k.    Income taxes:

               Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with Statement of
               Financial Accounting Standard No. 109, "Accounting for Income
               Taxes" ("SFAS No. 109"). This statement prescribes the use of
               the liability method whereby deferred tax asset and liability
               account balances are determined based on temporary differences
               between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
               liabilities and for carryforward losses. Deferred taxes are
               measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in
               effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The
               Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce
               deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

         l.    Share-based compensation:

               The Company has elected to follow Accounting Principles Board
               Statement No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Options Issued to
               Employees" ("APB No. 25") and FASB Interpretation No. 44,
               "Accounting for Certain Transactions Involving Stock
               Compensation" ("FIN No. 44") in accounting for its employee
               stock option plans. According to APB No. 25, compensation
               expense is measured under the intrinsic value method, whereby
               compensation expense is equal to the excess, if any, of the
               quoted market price of the stock over the exercise price at the
               grant date of the award.

               The Company adopted the disclosure provisions of Financial
               Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 148, "Accounting for
               Stock-Based Compensation - Transition and Disclosure" ("SFAS
               No. 148"), which amended certain provisions of SFAS 123 to
               provide alternative methods of transition for an entity that
               voluntarily changes to the fair value based method of
               accounting for stock-based employee compensation, effective as
               of the beginning of the fiscal year. The Company continues to
               apply the provisions of APB No. 25, in accounting for
               stock-based compensation.

               Pro forma information regarding the Company's net loss and net
               loss per share is required by SFAS No. 123 as if the Company
               had accounted for its employee stock options under the fair
               value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123.

               For proforma purposes compensation expenses are amortized on a
               straight line basis over the vesting period and are estimated
               at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing
               model with the following weighted average assumptions:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                    2004        2003      2002
                                                 ---------    --------   ---------

<S>            <C>                                   <C>          <C>         <C>
               Dividend yield                        0%           0%          0%
               Expected volatility                  216%         144%        130%
               Risk-free interest rate              2.75%       1.75%       1.75%
               Weighted average expected life     3.0 years   2.2 years   2.2 years

</TABLE>

                                     F-12
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

               If the compensation cost had been determined under the
               alternative fair value accounting method provided under SFAS
               No. 123, the Company's stock-based employee compensation cost,
               net loss and basic and diluted net loss per share would have
               changed to the following pro forma amounts:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                               Year ended December 31,
                                                                 ---------------------------------------------------
                                                                      2004              2003              2002
                                                                 ---------------   ---------------   ---------------

<S>                                                               <C>               <C>               <C>
               Net loss as reported                               $   (13,094)      $    (7,995)      $    (8,155)

               Deduct: Total share-based compensation expense
                 determined under fair value method for all
                 awards                                                 1,203             1,068             1,339
                                                                 ---------------   ---------------   ---------------

               Pro forma net loss                                 $   (14,297)      $    (9,063)      $    (9,494)
                                                                 ===============   ===============   ===============

               Basic and diluted net loss per Ordinary share:
                 Loss from continuing operations as reported      $     (0.90)      $     (0.66)      $     (0.48)
                 Pro forma loss from continuing operations        $     (0.98)      $     (0.75)      $     (0.58)
                 Gain (loss) from discontinued operations as
                   reported                                       $      -          $      0.01       $     (0.20)
                 Pro forma gain (loss) from discontinued
                   operations                                     $      -          $      0.01       $     (0.20)

                 Net loss per share as reported                   $     (0.90)      $     (0.65)      $     (0.68)
                 Pro forma net loss per share                     $     (0.98)      $     (0.74)      $     (0.78)
</TABLE>

         m.    Severance pay:

               The Company's liability for severance pay for its Israeli
               employees is calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law
               based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by
               the number of years of employment, as of the balance sheet
               date. Employees are entitled to one month's salary for each
               year of employment or a portion thereof. The Company's
               liability for all of its employees, is fully provided for by
               monthly deposits with insurance policies and by an accrual. The
               value of these policies is recorded as an asset in the
               Company's balance sheet.

               The deposited funds include profits accumulated up to the
               balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only
               upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israel's
               Severance Pay Law or labor agreements. The value of the
               deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered value of these
               funds and includes immaterial profits.

               Severance expense (income) for the years ended December 31,
               2004, 2003 and 2002 amounted to approximately $ (44), $ 791 and
               $ 1,758, respectively.

                                     F-13
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

         n.    Concentration of credit risks:

               Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to
               concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and
               cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and
               trade receivables.

               Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are invested in
               U.S. dollars with major banks in the United States and in
               Israel. Management believes that the financial institutions
               that hold the Company and its subsidiaries investments are
               financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists
               with respect to these investments. Such cash and cash
               equivalents in the United States may be in excess of insured
               limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions.

               The Company's investment in commercial paper and auction rate
               securities consists of high quality securities and is held in
               financially sound institutions.

               The Company's trade receivables are generally derived from
               sales of products and services rendered to large and solid
               organizations located primarily in Europe, North America, and
               the Far East. The Company obtains insurance for outstanding
               trade receivables and performs ongoing credit evaluations of
               its customers. To date the Company has not experienced any
               material losses in respect of its trade receivable. For new
               customers, the Company may require a letter of credit or
               upfront cash payments. An allowance for doubtful accounts is
               determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has
               determined to be doubtful of collection.

               Income resulting from the net decrease in the allowance for
               doubtful accounts was $ (33), $ (216) and $ (517) for the years
               ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

               As of December 31, 2004 off balance sheet concentrations of
               credit risk exist, such as foreign exchange contracts, options
               contracts or other foreign hedging instruments.

         o.    Net loss per share:

               Basic net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted
               average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year.
               Diluted net loss per share further includes the effect of
               dilutive stock options outstanding during the year, all in
               accordance with Statement of Financial Standard No. 128,
               "Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS No. 128").

               In the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, all
               outstanding stock options have been excluded from the
               calculation of the diluted net loss per Ordinary share since
               such securities were anti-dilutive. The total weighted average
               number of outstanding options excluded from the calculations of
               diluted net loss per Ordinary share were 2,074,199, 2,143,668
               and 2,214,873 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and
               2002, respectively.

                                     F-14
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

         p.    Recent accounting pronouncements

               1.  In November 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial
                   Accounting Standard No. 151, "Inventory Costs, an Amendment
                   of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4" ("SAFS 151"). SFAS 151 amends
                   Accounting Research Bulletin ("ARB") No. 43, Chapter 4, to
                   clarify that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense,
                   freight handling costs and wasted materials (spoilage)
                   should be recognized as current-period charges. In
                   addition, SFAS 151 requires that allocation of fixed
                   production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on
                   normal capacity of the production facilities. SAFS 151 is
                   effective for inventory costs incurred during fiscal years
                   beginning after June 15, 2005. The Company does not expect
                   that the adoption of SFAS 151 will have a material effect
                   on its financial position or results of operations.

               2.  On December 16, 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards
                   Board (FASB) issued FASB Statement No. 123 (Revised 2004),
                   "Share-Based Payment" ("Statement 123(R), which is a
                   revision of FASB Statement No. 123, "Accounting for
                   Stock-Based Compensation". Statement 123(R) supersedes APB
                   Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees",
                   and amends FASB Statement No. 95, "Statement of Cash
                   Flows". Generally, the approach in Statement 123(R) is
                   similar to the approach described in Statement 123.
                   However, Statement 123(R) requires all share-based payments
                   to employees, including grants of employee stock options,
                   to be recognized in the income statement based on their
                   fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an
                   alternative.

                   In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission
                   postponed the required adoption date of SFAS 123(R) from no
                   later than July 1, 2005 to no later than January 1, 2006.
                   Early adoption will be permitted in periods in which
                   financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company
                   expects to adopt SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006.

                   Statement 123(R) permits public companies to adopt its
                   requirements using one of two methods:

                   a)    A "modified prospective" method in which compensation
                         cost is recognized beginning with the effective date
                         (a) based on the requirements of Statement 123(R) for
                         all share-based payments granted after the effective
                         date and (b) based on the requirements of Statement
                         123 for all awards granted to employees prior to the
                         effective date of Statement 123(R) that remain
                         unvested on the effective date.

                   b)    A "modified retrospective" method which includes the
                         requirements of the modified prospective method
                         described above, but also permits entities to restate
                         based on the amounts previously recognized under
                         Statement 123 for purposes of pro forma disclosures
                         either (a) all prior periods presented or (b) prior
                         interim periods of the year of adoption.

                   The Company is still in the process of evaluating the
                   method it will use.

                                     F-15
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

                   As permitted by Statement 123, the Company currently
                   accounts for share-based payments to employees using
                   Opinion 25's intrinsic value method and, as such, generally
                   recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options.
                   Accordingly, the adoption of Statement 123(R)'s fair value
                   method will have a significant impact on the Company's
                   results of operations, although it will have no impact on
                   the Company's overall financial position. The impact of
                   adoption of Statement 123(R) cannot be predicted at this
                   time because it will depend on levels of share-based
                   payments granted in the future. However, had the Company
                   adopted Statement 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of
                   that standard would have approximated the impact of
                   Statement 123 as described in the disclosure of pro forma
                   net loss and loss per share in 2l above.

                   In March 2005, the SEC released SEC Staff Accounting
                   Bulletin No. 107, "Share-Based Payment" ("SAB 107"). SAB
                   107 provides the SEC staff's position regarding the
                   application of FAS 123(R) and contains interpretive
                   guidance related to the interaction between FAS 123(R) and
                   certain SEC rules and regulations, and also provides the
                   SEC staff's views regarding the valuation of share-based
                   payment arrangements for public companies. SAB 107
                   highlights the importance of disclosures made relating to
                   the accounting for share-based payment transactions. The
                   Company is currently reviewing the effect of SAB 107,
                   however it does not believe that SAB 107 will have a
                   material effect on its financial position, results of
                   operations or cash flows.

NOTE 3:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES AND RESTRICTED CASH

                                                         December 31
                                               --------------------------------
                                                    2004              2003
                                               --------------    --------------

                                               --------------    --------------
         Commercial paper and other*)           $      3,520      $      8,348
                                               ==============    ==============

         Restricted cash (see Note 2d)          $      1,308      $      1,368
                                               ==============    ==============


         *)     Bearing an annual average interest rate of 1.5% (1.5% as
                of December 31, 2003). As of December 31, 2004 and 2003,
                market value of the securities was $ 3,525 and $ 8,354
                respectively.

NOTE 4:- PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE


                                                      December 31
                                            -----------------------------------
                                                2004              2003
                                            ---------------   -----------------

         Prepaid expenses                   $   158            $  249
         Government participation               544               126
         Government authorities                  78               234
         Deposits with leasing companies        136               167
         Other                                   66                96
                                            ---------------   -----------------

                                            $   982            $  872
                                           ================  =================

                                     F-16
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 5:- INVENTORIES

                                                         December 31
                                            -----------------------------------
                                                   2004              2003
                                            ----------------  -----------------

         Components                          $    344          $    1,129
         Finished goods *)                        127                 352
                                             ----------------  ----------------

                                             $    471          $    1,481
                                             ================  ================

         *)     As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, $ 44 and $ 273,
                respectively, in goods were delivered to customers' sites
                and were not recognized as cost of sales since revenue
                recognition criteria for the related sales have not been
                met. The Company has title to the inventories at balance
                sheet date.
         **)    Write-down of inventories for the years ended December 31,
                2004, 2003 and 2002 amounted to $ 1,109, $ 0 and $ 870,
                respectively. Regarding the inventory write-off in 2002-
                see also Note 13.


NOTE 6:- EQUIPMENT

                                                         December 31
                                             ---------------------------------
                                                   2004              2003
                                             ----------------  ---------------

         Computers and related equipment      $   12,969        $   12,704
         Office furniture, equipment and
           leasehold improvements                  1,740             1,799
                                             ----------------  ---------------

                                                  14,709            14,503
         Less - accumulated depreciation          13,639            13,007
                                             ----------------  ---------------

         Depreciated cost                     $    1,070        $    1,496
                                             ================  ===============

         More than 90% of the equipment is located in Israel.

         Regarding the impairment of equipment in 2002 - see Note 13.

         Depreciation expense was $ 883, $ 1,556 and $ 2,189 for the years
         ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.


NOTE 7:- ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

                                                        December 31
                                              ---------------------------------
                                                    2004              2003
                                              ----------------  ---------------

         Employees and payroll accruals       $     805          $    1,065
         Accrued expenses                           801               1,211
         Accrued restructuring expenses              57                 191
         Accrued vacation pay                       467                 744
         Income taxes                               596                 591
         Other                                      285                 269
                                              ----------------  ---------------

                                              $   3,011          $    4,071
                                              ================  ===============

                                     F-17
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 8:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

         a.    In connection with its research and development activities
               through December 31, 2004, the Company received and accrued
               participation payments from the Office of the Chief Scientist
               of the Ministry of Industry and Trade in Israel ("OCS") in the
               total amount of approximately $ 10,600. In return for the
               Government of Israel's participation, the Company is committed
               to pay royalties at a rate of 3% - 3.5% of sales of the
               developed product, up to 100% of the amount of grants received
               linked to the U.S. dollar (for grants received under programs
               approved subsequent to January 1, 1999, 100% plus interest at
               LIBOR). The obligation to pay these royalties is contingent on
               actual sales of the products, and in the absence of such sales,
               no payment is required.

               The Company's total contingent liability for royalties payable
               to the OCS with respect to future sales, based on Government of
               Israel participations received or accrued, net of royalties
               paid or accrued, totaled approximately $ 7,400 as of December
               31, 2004.

               The Company has no future commitments for royalties in respect
               of other participations received.

         b.    Certain allegations, mainly for patent infringement and breach
               of contract have been made against VocalTec Ltd. or its U.S.
               subsidiary. These allegations have not resulted in any action
               brought against the Company and the Company does not expect any
               action to be taken against it with respect to the above
               allegations.

         c.    The Company's facilities in Israel and in the United States are
               rented under operating leases with periods ending January 2008
               for facilities in Israel and February 2006 for facilities in
               the United States (some with renewal options). Rent expense
               amounted to $ 881, $ 806 and $ 964 for the years ended December
               31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Annual minimum rental
               commitments under non-cancelable leases at balance sheet date
               are approximately as follows:

               2005                   $     627
               2006                         477
               2007                         458
               2008                          38
               2009                           -
                                     -------------
                                      $   1,600
                                     =============

               The Company also maintains motor vehicle leases. The total
               liability for early termination of such leases is approximately
               $ 104. Motor vehicle lease expense amounted to $ 994, $ 1,135,
               and $ 1,409 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and
               2002, respectively.

                                     F-18
<PAGE>

                            VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 9:- SHARE CAPITAL

         a.    General:

               Ordinary shares confer upon their holders the right to receive
               notice to participate and vote in general meetings of the
               Company and the right to receive dividends if declared.

         b.    In March 2004, the Company issued 2,400,000 Ordinary Shares in
               a private placement in consideration for $ 9,128, net of
               issuance expenses of $ 712, and warrants to purchase up to
               1,200,000 Ordinary Shares at an exercise price of $ 4.75 per
               share. The warrants are exercisable for four and a half years
               beginning on September 12, 2004. The shares and shares to be
               derived from the warrants upon exercise were registered for
               trading on NASDAQ on April 7, 2004.

         c.    Stock options:

               Through December 31, 2004, the Company has granted options to
               purchase Ordinary shares to key employees, officers, directors
               and consultants of the Company as an incentive to attract and
               retain qualified persons.

               In 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001, the Company adopted stock option
               and incentive plans ("the Option Plans") which provided for the
               grant by the Company of options to purchase up to an aggregate
               of 1,000,000, 1,000,000, 1,000,000 and 1,000,000 Ordinary
               Shares, respectively, to officers, directors, key employees, or
               consultants of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The
               plans expire 10 years after their adoption unless terminated
               earlier by the Board of Directors. The exercise price of stock
               options issued under the Option Plans will be no less than 95%
               of the fair market value of the Ordinary shares as of the date
               of grant. Options generally vest ratably over a period of four
               years from the date of the grant.

               In July 2001, the Company initiated a voluntary stock option
               exchange program for its employees. Under the program,
               employees of the Company and its subsidiaries who have been
               granted options under the Option Plans, were given the
               opportunity to cancel outstanding stock options previously
               granted to them in exchange for an amount of new options equal
               to 80% of the amount of options cancelled, to be granted at a
               future date not less than six months and one day from the date
               of cancellation of the options. Pursuant to the terms of the
               Company's stock option plans, 922,387 options were cancelled
               under this program.

               In February 2002, as part of the option exchange program,
               891,310 new options were granted to employees. The exercise
               price of these new options was equal to the market value of the
               Company's Ordinary shares as reported by NASDAQ on the date of
               grant. The vesting period of such options was up to 2.5 years.
               The above grant is being accounted for as a fixed plan award in
               accordance with FIN No. 44.

               In 2003, the Board of Directors of the Company terminated the
               2001 Stock Option Plan and replaced it with a new stock option
               plan for the grant of options, whereby the existing 1,000,000
               Ordinary Shares shall be reserved under the 2003 Master Stock
               Option Plan ("2003 Plan"). The 2003 Plan complies with the
               Israeli tax reforms. All options are held in trust until the
               later of 24 months following the year in which the options were
               granted, or the end of the vesting period of the options.

                                     F-19
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 9:- SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)

               As of December 31, 2004, 2,449,896, share options are still
               available for future grant under the Company's existing plans.
               Options, which are cancelled or forfeited before expiration,
               become available for future grants.

               A summary of the Company's share option activity under the
               plans is as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                       Year ended December 31,
                                   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               2004                     2003                        2002
                                   --------------------------   -----------------------    ---------------------------
                                                  Weighted                    Weighted                    Weighted
                                                  average                     average                     average
                                      Amount of   exercise       Amount of    exercise      Amount of     exercise
                                      options      price         options       price        options        price
                                   ------------   ---------    ------------   --------     ---------------------------

<S>                                   <C>         <C>             <C>         <C>            <C>          <C>


               Outstanding-beginning
                  of the year         2,454,506   $ 3.72          2,593,283   $ 4.08         2,043,577    $ 7.01
               Granted                  301,700   $ 2.66            466,650   $ 2.29         1,610,880    $ 1.61
               Exercised               (236,224)  $ 3.41           (318,241)  $ 1.70                 -    $  -
               Forfeited               (299,729)  $ 2.39           (287,186)  $ 5.39        (1,061,174)   $ 5.82
                                     -----------                 -----------                -----------
               Outstanding - end
                  of the year         2,220,253   $ 3.79          2,454,506   $ 3.72         2,593,283    $ 4.08
                                     ===========  ======         ===========  ======        ===========   ======

               Options
                  exercisable at
                  the end of the
                  year                1,565,654   $ 4.36          1,540,629   $ 4.47         1,364,509    $ 5.34
                                     ===========  ======         ===========  ======        ===========   ======

               The weighted average fair values of the options granted as of
               December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, was $ 1.44, $ 1.63 and $
               1.13, respectively. All options were granted at an exercise
               price equal to the market value of the share at the date of
               grant.

</TABLE>

                                     F-20
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data

NOTE 9:- SHARE CAPITAL (Cont.)

         The following table summarizes information about options outstanding
         and exercisable at December 31, 2004:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                      Options outstanding                        Options exercisable
                                      ---------------------------------------------------   -----------------------------
                                                           Weighted-                            Amount
                                          Amount            average          Weighted        outstanding       Weighted
                                       outstanding at      remaining         average             at             average
                      Range of          December 31,       contractual       exercise        December 31,       exercise
                  exercise prices          2004              life             prices             2004            prices
                                      -----------------  ----------------                   --------------
                                                           (Years)

<S>                  <C>                    <C>                <C>           <C>                  <C>           <C>
                     $ 0.0006               3,750              0.92          $ 0.0006             3,750         $ 0.0006
                 $ 0.57 - $ 0.60           85,500              7.63          $   0.57            78,751         $   0.57
                 $ 1.10 - $ 1.18          282,233              8.97          $   1.15            62,514         $   1.18
                 $ 1.50 - $ 1.58           33,500              6.58          $   1.52            28,155         $   1.53
                 $ 1.82 - $ 1.96          541,530              7.21          $   1.86           424,974         $   1.84
                 $ 2.92 - $ 3.15          231,675              8.68          $   3.02            69,699         $   3.01
                 $ 3.56 - $ 3.75          252,500              6.31          $   3.64           193,425         $   3.62
                 $ 3.95 - $ 4.88          352,710              2.88          $   4.13           267,885         $   4.00
                 $ 5.95 - $ 6.65           22,659              2.52          $   6.65            22,659         $   6.65
                 $ 6.76 - $ 7.12           15,059              3.70          $   6.90            14,705         $   6.91
                 $ 7.13 - $ 7.50          209,500              3.50          $   7.46           209,500         $   7.46
                 $ 7.69 - $ 8.63           41,700              4.09          $   8.19            41,700         $   8.19
                 $ 8.96 - $ 9.43           45,187              4.24          $   9.06            45,187         $   9.06
                $ 10.45 - $ 11.00           3,000              4.34          $  10.45             3,000         $  10.45
                $ 11.50 - $ 11.83          48,000              4.72          $  11.69            48,000         $  11.69
                $ 13.30 - $ 13.50          31,750              3.82          $  13.33            31,750         $  13.33
                $ 15.20 - $ 16.15          20,000              5.02          $  16.00            20,000         $  16.00
                                      -------------                                         -------------
                                        2,220,253              6.13          $   3.79         1,565,654         $   4.36
                                      =============        ============     ==========      =============      ===========

</TABLE>

                                     F-21
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 10- GEOGRAPHIC AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS INFORMATION

         The Company manages its business on a basis of one reportable segment
         (see Note 16 for discontinued operations of previously reported Surf
         & Call segment). The Company follows the guidance in Statement of
         Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosure About Segment of
         an Enterprise and Related Information".

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                Year ended December 31,
                                                                 -----------------------------------------------
                                                                     2004            2003              2002
                                                                 --------------  -------------    --------------

<S>                                                               <C>            <C>               <C>

         Sales classified by geographic areas based
           on end- customer location:
           Germany                                                $  1,698       $   9,780         $   3,797
           Europe (excluding Germany)                                2,439           2,182             3,649
           North America (principally United States)                   104             643             1,612
           India                                                       416           4,134             3,630
           Far East (excluding India)                                  246           1,732             2,419
           Other                                                       549             215               481
                                                                  -----------    -----------       -----------

                                                                  $  5,452       $  18,686         $  15,588
                                                                  ==========     ===========       ===========

         Sales to a single customer exceeding 10%:
                                                                       %              %                 %
                                                                  ------------  --------------     ------------

         Customer A  **)                                              31              52                24
         Customer B                                                   (*)             22                23
         Customer C                                                   16              (*)               (*)
         Customer D                                                   12              (*)                -

         *)   Less than 10%
         **)  Related parties (customer A - shareholder)

</TABLE>

NOTE 11- COST OF SALES

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                Year ended December 31,
                                                                   --------------------------------------------------
                                                                        2004              2003              2002
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                                <C>               <C>               <C>
         Cost of sales include royalties to the
           Government of Israel                                    $       166       $       545       $       444
                                                                   ==============    ==============    ==============

NOTE 12:- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, NET

         Research and development expenses                         $    (5,162)      $    (5,940)      $    (7,985)
         Less - participations by the Government of Israel:
           Royalty bearing participation                                  (871)           (1,619)           (1,701)
           Other participation                                              (7)             (189)             (146)
                                                                  --------------    --------------    --------------

                                                                   $     4,284       $     4,132       $     6,138
                                                                  ==============    ==============    ==============
</TABLE>

                                     F-22
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 13:- RESTRUCTURING COSTS

         In September 2002, the Board of Directors approved a cost reduction
         plan accounted for in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 100,
         "Restructuring and Impairment Charges" and Emerging Issues Task Force
         Issue 94-3, "Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination
         Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (Including Certain Costs
         in a Restructuring)". As a result of the cost reduction plan, 68
         employees were terminated from the following departments: 24 from
         research and development; 28 from marketing, sales and customer
         service; and 16 from administration. The Company recorded
         restructuring costs of $ 3,277 as follows:

                                                                  Year ended
                                                                  December 31,
                                                                      2002
                                                                 --------------

         Restructuring charge                                     $    2,703
         Write-off of inventory (included in cost of sales)              574
                                                                 --------------

                                                                  $    3,277
                                                                 ==============

         Components of the restructuring charge for the year ended December
         31, 2002, amounts paid during 2002-2004 and the remaining accrued
         liability as of December 31, 2004, are as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                          Restructuring                      Accrued                        Accrued
                                             charge          Payments       liability       Payments       liability
                                         ---------------   ------------  ---------------  -------------  --------------
                                                             In 2002           As of                          As of
                                                            and 2003       December 31,                     December
                                            In 2002            (*)             2003          In 2004        31, 2004
                                         ---------------   ------------  ---------------  -------------  --------------


<S>                                        <C>             <C>            <C>              <C>             <C>
         Employee terminations             $  1,302        $  1,302       $     -          $     -         $   -
         Other exit costs (mainly
           facility costs of $ 820)           1,034             843           191              134            57
                                         ---------------   ------------  ---------------  -------------  --------------

                                              2,336        $  2,145       $   191          $   134         $  57
                                                           ============  ===============  =============  ==============

         Write down of equipment
           (non-cash) (see Note 2h)             367
                                         ---------------

                                           $  2,703
                                         ===============

         (*)    $1,074 were paid in 2002 and $1,071 were paid in 2003.

</TABLE>

                                     F-23
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data


NOTE 14:- OTHER INCOME, NET

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                Year ended December 31,
                                                                   --------------------------------------------------
                                                                        2004              2003              2002
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                                 <C>               <C>               <C>
         Gain on sale of investment in ITXC *)                      $        -        $         -       $    10,313
         Provision for decline in value of investments in
           private companies                                                 -                  -              (256)
         Other                                                              44                132               163
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

                                                                    $        44       $       132       $    10,220
                                                                   ==============    ==============    ==============

              *)     The Company, through its wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary, had
                     an investment in ITXC Inc. ("ITXC"). ITXC shares are
                     listed on NASDAQ. During 2002, the Company sold its
                     remaining shares in ITXC (4,608,165 shares) in
                     consideration for $ 13,106 and recorded a gain of $
                     10,313.
</TABLE>


NOTE 15:- FINANCIAL INCOME, NET

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                      Year ended December 31,
                                                                    --------------------------------------------------
                                                                         2004              2003              2002
                                                                    --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                                   <C>               <C>              <C>

          Financial income (expenses):
            Interest on cash equivalents, restricted cash and
              marketable securities                                   $    111          $    168         $     440
            Foreign currency translation adjustments, net                   58              (105)              (31)
                                                                      ------------     ----------       --------------

                                                                      $    169          $     63         $     409
                                                                      ============     ==========       ==============

</TABLE>

NOTE 16:- DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                      Year ended December 31,
                                                                   --------------------------------------------------
                                                                        2004              2003              2002
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                                  <C>               <C>               <C>
         Loss from operations of discontinued segment:
             Surf & Call                                             $         -       $         -       $      (588)
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

                                                                     $         -       $         -       $      (588)
                                                                   ==============    ==============    ==============

         Gain (loss) on disposal of segment:
           Surf & Call                                               $         -       $        75       $    (1,786)
                                                                   --------------    --------------    --------------

                                                                     $         -       $        75       $    (1,786)
                                                                   ==============    ==============    ==============
</TABLE>

                                     F-24
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 16:- DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Cont.)

         In March 2002, the Company's management approved the carve out of the
         Surf & Call segment into a separate entity. For this purpose, a new
         company was established and in May 2002, an agreement was signed
         between the Company and the newly established company. The Company
         transferred certain of its employees to the new company. Under the
         terms of the agreements, the Company contributed technology and
         equipment to the new company through a loan and an unsecured
         promissory note in the amount of $ 1,300 and received voting rights
         in the new company of 19.9%. The new company could have utilized the
         Company's software products at a market value of $ 1,000 without
         charge for a period of three years ($ 73 was actually utilized). In
         addition, the Company received at no additional consideration a
         warrant to purchase Preferred shares that would present 30% of the
         share capital of the new company. In addition, it was agreed that in
         the event that the Company would have voting securities above 19.9%,
         these voting securities will be automatically converted into shares
         with no voting rights.

         The Company accounted for this transaction in accordance with
         Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 144, "Accounting for
         the Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets". The Surf & Call
         segment was presented as discontinued operations since the operating
         and cash flows of the segment have been eliminated from the ongoing
         operations of the entity as a result of the carve out and the Company
         did not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations
         of the segment after the carve out.

         Loss on disposal of Surf & Call includes shutdown costs of
         approximately $ 400 for termination and other expenses, plus an
         amount of approximately $ 1,300 as a write-off of the loans the
         Company provided to the new company upon establishment. The loans
         were written off due to management's estimation of uncollectibility.

         As a result of the disposal of the Surf & Call segment, the results
         of operations of the above segment were reported as discontinued
         operations in the statements of operations. There were no revenues
         from the Surf & Call segment for all reported periods.

         In December 2003, the Company sold its holdings in Surf & Call to a
         third party in consideration for a payment of all outstanding
         liabilities of Surf & Call, future payments in the event of licensing
         of the Surf & Call technology and a portion of the proceeds in the
         event of a sale of the technology to a third party. Subsequent to the
         above-mentioned sale, Surf & Call ceased its operations.


NOTE 17:- TAXES ON INCOME

         a.    Measurement of taxable income under the Income Tax Law
               (Inflationary Adjustments), 1985:

               Results for tax purposes are measured and reflected in real
               terms in accordance with the change in the Israeli Consumer
               Price Index ("CPI"). As explained in Note 2b, the consolidated
               financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. The
               differences between the change in Israel's CPI and in the
               NIS/U.S. dollar exchange rate causes a difference between
               taxable income or loss and the income or loss before taxes
               reflected in the consolidated financial statements. In
               accordance with paragraph 9(f) of SFAS No. 109, the Company has
               not provided deferred income taxes on the differences resulting
               from changes in exchange rates and indexing for tax purposes.

                                     F-25
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 17:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

         b.    Tax benefits under Israel's Law for the Encouragement of
               Industry (Taxation), 1969:

               VocalTec Ltd. is an "industrial company", as defined by the Law
               for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 1969, and as such,
               is entitled to certain tax benefits, mainly the right to claim
               public issuance expenses and accelerated depreciation.

         c.    Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital
               Investments, 1959:

               VocalTec Ltd.'s investment in equipment in the amount of
               approximately $1,065 has received "Approved Enterprise" status
               through the "Alternative Benefits" track, and, as such, is
               eligible for various benefits. The Company currently has two
               "Approved Enterprise" programs. These benefits include
               accelerated depreciation of equipment used in the investment
               program, as well as a full tax exemption on undistributed
               income for a period of two years and reduced tax rates of 25%
               or less for an additional period of up to eight years
               (depending on the percentage of foreign ownership in VocalTec
               Ltd.), commencing with the date on which taxable income is
               first earned. Since VocalTec Ltd. has had no taxable income
               since inception, the benefits period has not yet commenced.

               The period of tax benefits, detailed above, is subject to a
               limit of 12 years from the commencement of production, or 14
               years from the approval date, whichever is earlier (year 2008).
               The entitlement to the above benefits is conditional upon
               VocalTec Ltd.'s fulfilling the conditions stipulated by the
               above law, regulations published thereunder and the letters of
               approval for the specific investments in "Approved
               Enterprises". In the event of failure to comply with these
               conditions, the benefits may be cancelled and VocalTec Ltd. may
               be required to refund the amount of the benefits, in whole or
               in part, including interest. As of December 31, 2004,
               management believes that VocalTec Ltd. is meeting all of the
               aforementioned conditions.

               The tax-exempt income attributable to the "Approved Enterprise"
               can be distributed to shareholders without subjecting VocalTec
               Ltd. to taxes only upon the complete liquidation of VocalTec
               Ltd. If these retained tax-exempt profits are distributed in a
               manner other than in the complete liquidation of VocalTec Ltd.
               they would be taxed at the corporate tax rate applicable to
               such profits as if VocalTec Ltd. had not elected the
               alternative track of benefits, currently 25% for an "Approved
               Enterprise". As of December 31, 2004, the accumulated deficit
               of the Company does not include tax-exempt profits earned by
               VocalTec Ltd.'s "Approved Enterprise".

               Income from sources other than the "Approved Enterprise" during
               the benefit period will be subject to tax at the regular
               corporate tax rate of 35%. The regular corporate tax rate is to
               be gradually reduced to 30% by 2007 (34% in 2005, 32% in 2006
               and 30% in 2007).

         d.    Final tax assessments for the tax years up to 1999 have been
               received and agreed upon with the Israeli tax authorities.

                                     F-26
<PAGE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands

NOTE 17: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

         e.    VocalTec Ltd. has net operating loss carryforwards for tax
               purposes of approximately $ 86,000 as of December 31, 2004,
               which may be carried forward indefinitely. VocalTec
               Communications Inc., which is subject to U.S. income taxes, has
               a loss for tax purposes of approximately $ 7,000 as of December
               31, 2004 (including TrulyGlobal Inc's losses for tax purposes,
               which merged during 2001 with VocalTec Communications Inc.).
               These losses can be carried forward until 2024. A valuation
               allowance was recorded for the entire deferred tax asset in
               respect of the carryforward losses, due to the uncertainty
               regarding future realization. Management currently believes
               that since the Company has a history of losses it is more
               likely than not that the deferred tax regarding the loss
               carryforwards will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

               Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to
               substantial annual limitations due to the "change in ownership"
               provisions of the Internal Revenue code of 1986 and similar
               state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the
               expiration of net operating losses before utilization.

         f.    Taxes on income (tax benefit) is comprised as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                       Year ended December 31,
                                                          --------------------------------------------------
                                                               2004              2003              2002
                                                          --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                        <C>               <C>              <C>

               Foreign:
                  Current taxes                            $       29        $       75       $        670
                  State taxes                                       3                43                391
                  Taxes in respect of prior years                  29                13           *)(6,355)
                                                          -------------    --------------     -------------

                                                            $       61       $      131       $     (5,294)
                                                          =============    ==============     =============

                *)     $ 3,800 relates to a tax refund received in 2002
                       due to carry back of losses from 2001 against
                       income from prior years. In addition, since the
                       Company realized its entire investment in ITXC in
                       2002 (see Note 14), it reassessed its tax liability
                       due to the change in circumstances and as a result
                       decreased its tax liability by approximately $
                       2,500.
</TABLE>

         g.    Deferred taxes on income:

               Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary
               differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
               liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
               used for income tax purposes and the tax effect for carryfoward
               losses. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax
               assets are as follows:

                                     F-27
<PAGE>

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                               December 31
                                                                     --------------------------------
                                                                           2004             2003
                                                                     ----------------  --------------

<S>                                                                   <C>               <C>
               Deferred tax asset:
                 Reserves and allowances                              $     275         $     382
                 Net operating loss carryforwards                        23,280            23,250
                                                                     ----------------  --------------

               Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance         23,555            23,632
               Valuation allowance                                      (23,555)          (23,632)
                                                                     ----------------  --------------

               Net deferred tax asset                                 $       -         $       -
                                                                     ================  ==============

</TABLE>

                             VOCALTEC COMMUNICATIONS LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollars in thousands


NOTE 17: TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

               During 2004, the Company increased the allowance by $ 30 due to
               additional losses incurred which were more than offset by a
               decrease in reserves and allowances. Management currently
               believes that since the Company has a history of losses, it is
               more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be
               utilized in the foreseeable future.

         h.    Loss from continuing operations before income taxes is
               comprised as follows:

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                 Year ended December 31,
                                                    --------------------------------------------------
                                                         2004              2003              2002
                                                    --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                  <C>               <C>               <C>
               Israel                                $     (9,352)     $     (6,476)     $    (15,697)
               Foreign                                     (3,681)           (1,463)            4,622
                                                    --------------    --------------    --------------

                                                     $    (13,033)     $     (7,939)     $    (11,075)
                                                    ==============    ==============    ==============

</TABLE>

               The difference between the theoretical tax computed and the
               actual tax expense resulted mainly from:

               2002 - tax refunds received relating to prior years offset by a
               valuation allowance recorded with respect to carryforward
               losses and other temporary differences; 2003 and 2004 - Mainly
               with respect to valuation allowance recorded with respect to
               carryforward losses and other temporary differences.


NOTE 18:- OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                 Year ended December 31,
                                                                    --------------------------------------------------
                                                                         2004              2003              2002
                                                                    --------------    --------------    --------------

<S>                                                                   <C>               <C>               <C>

          Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities
            during the period, net of taxes in the amount of
            $ (620) in 2002                                           $         -       $         -       $      (930)
          Reclassification adjustment for gain included in net
            income, net of taxes in the amount of $ (4,125) in
            2002                                                                -                 -            (6,188)
                                                                    --------------    --------------    --------------

          Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable
            securities                                                $         -       $         -       $    (7,118)
                                                                    ==============    ==============    ==============

</TABLE>


NOTE 19:- RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS

          See consolidated balance sheets, statement of operations and
          Note 10.

                                     F-28
<PAGE>




              Schedule II Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
                            Additions / (Deductions)


                                  Beginning      Charged     Written    End of
                                  of period       to P&L       off      period
                                 -----------   ----------  ---------- ----------
Year ended December 31, 2002

Allowance for doubtful accounts     2,077         (517)       (651)      909

Year ended December 31, 2003

Allowance for doubtful accounts      909          (216)       (537)      156

Year ended December 31, 2004

Allowance for doubtful accounts      156           (33)       (123)       0