U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Florida

2006 National Survey 

of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation
U.S. Department of the Interior

Dirk Kempthorne, 

Secretary

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

H. Dale Hall,

Director

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez,

Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Cynthia A. Glassman, 

Under Secretary for Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Steve H. Murdock,

Director

2006 National Survey of 

Fishing, Hunting, and 

Wildlife-Associated Recreation

FHW/06-FL

Issued January 2008

Florida
The U.S. Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural 

heritage; provides scientifi c and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affi liated Island Communities.

The mission of the Department’s U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, 

protect, and enhance fi sh, wildlife, and their habitats for the continuing benefi t of the American people. 

The Service is responsible for national programs of vital importance to our natural resources, including 

administration of the Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Programs. These two programs provide fi nancial assistance to the States for projects to enhance and protect fi sh and wildlife resources and to assure 

their availability to the public for recreational purposes. Multistate grants from these programs fund the 

National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.

Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. 

Census Bureau. 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

H. Dale Hall,

Director

Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration

Rowan Gould, 

Assistant Director

U.S. Department of the Interior

Dirk Kempthorne, 

Secretary

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Steve H. Murdock,

Director

Economics and Statistics 

Administration

Cynthia A. Glassman, 

Under Secretary for Economic Affairs
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida iii

Contents

List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Survey Background and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Highlights

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Wildlife-Associated Recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Wildlife Watchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1996–2006 Comparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Tables

Guide to Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Fishing and Hunting Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Wildlife-Watching Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

National Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Appendixes 

A. Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

B. 2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: Data From Screening Interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

C. Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous Surveys and Regional Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

D. Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
iv 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Fishing and Hunting

1. Fishing and Hunting in Florida by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Florida by Type of Fishing

 and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

4. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

5. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the 

 United States by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Game: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Land: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

15. Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

16. Summary of Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for

 Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and

 Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and 

 Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

19. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

20. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Fishing and Hunting by Florida Residents

 and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

22. Summary of Florida Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside

 Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Wildlife Watching

24. Wildlife Watching in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in

 Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or

 Fed in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

List of Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida v

27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Florida: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

28. Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Florida by State Residents and

 Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

30. Selected Characteristics of Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

31. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife

 Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Wildlife Watching by Florida Residents

 and Nonresidents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida by Florida

 Residents: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

35. Participation of Florida Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and

 Hunting: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

36. Participation of Florida Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

National Tables

37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside

 Their Resident State: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and

 Nonresidents of the State: 2006. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
vi 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

I fi nd duck hunting with friends in 

a bottomland hardwood swamp or 

fi shing with my kids on an Oregon 

river bolsters my spirit and reminds me 

why I care about conservation and our 

wildlife heritage.

But wildlife-associated and vital 

recreation—activities such as hunting, 

fi shing, and birding—also provide 

signifi cant fi nancial support for wildlife 

conservation in our Nation’s economy. 

According to information from the 

newest National Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation, 87.5 million Americans 

spent more than $122 billion in 2006 

on wildlife-related recreation. And 

this spending supports hundreds of 

 thousands of jobs in industries and 

businesses.

The Survey is conducted every fi ve 

years at the request of State fi sh and 

wildlife agencies to measure the importance of wildlife-based recreation to the 

American people. The 2006 Survey 

represents the 11th in a series that 

began in 1955. Developed in collaboration with the States, the Association 

of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, and 

national conservation organizations, 

the Survey has become one of the most 

important sources of information on 

fi sh and wildlife-related recreation in 

the United States. 

In the 75-year history of the Sport Fish 

and Wildlife Restoration Programs, 

excise taxes on fi rearms, ammunition, 

archery, and angling equipment have 

generated a cumulative total of more 

than $10 billion for wildlife conservation efforts by State and Territorial 

wildlife agencies for fi sh and wildlife 

management. 

My thanks go to the men and women 

who took time to participate in the 

survey, as well as to the State fi sh and 

wildlife agencies for their fi nancial 

support through the Multistate Conservation Grant Programs. Without that 

support, the 2006 Survey would never 

have been possible. 

I am comforted to know that my children and all Americans will have the 

opportunity to appreciate our Nation’s 

rich wildlife tradition. Along with 

a record number of Americans, we 

continue to enjoy wildlife. We are 

laying the foundation for conservation’s 

future. 

H. Dale Hall

Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Foreword
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida vii

Survey Background and Method

The National Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Asso ciated 

Recreation (Survey) has been 

conducted since 1955 and is one of 

the oldest and most comprehensive 

continuing recreation surveys. The 

Survey collects information on the 

number of anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers; how often they participate; and how much they spend on their 

activities in the United States.

Preparations for the 2006 Survey began 

in 2004 when the Association of Fish 

and Wildlife Agencies (AFWA) recommended that the Fish and Wildlife 

Service conduct the 11th Survey of 

wildlife-related recreation. Funding 

came from the Multistate Conservation 

Grant Programs, authorized by Sport 

Fish and Wildlife Restoration Acts, as 

amended.

We consulted with State and Federal 

agencies and nongovernmental 

o rganizations such as the Wildlife 

Management Institute and American 

Sportfi shing Association to determine 

survey content. Other sportspersons’ organizations and conservation 

groups, industry representatives, and 

researchers also provided valuable 

advice.

Four regional technical committees 

were set up under the auspices of the 

AFWA to ensure that State fi sh and 

wildlife agencies had an opportunity to 

participate in all phases of survey planning and design. The committees were 

made up of agency representatives.

Data collection for the Survey was 

carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau 

in two phases. The fi rst phase was the 

screen which began in April 2006. 

During this phase, the Census Bureau 

interviewed a sample of 85,000 households nationwide to determine who 

in the household had fi shed, hunted, 

or wildlife watched in 2005, and who 

had engaged or planned to engage 

in those activities in 2006. In most 

cases, one adult household member 

provided information for all members. 

The screen primarily covered 2005 

activities while the next, more in-depth 

phase covered 2006 activities. For 

more information on 2005 data, refer to 

Appendix B.

The second phase of data collection 

consisted of three detailed interview waves. The fi rst began in April 

2006 concurrent with the screen, the 

second in September 2006, and the 

last in January 2007. Interviews were 

conducted with samples of likely 

anglers, hunters, and wildlife watchers 

who were identifi ed in the initial 

screening phase. Interviews were 

conducted primarily by phone, with 

in-person interviews for respondents 

who could not be reached by phone. 

Respondents in the second survey 

phase were limited to those who were 

at least 16 years old. Each respondent 

provided information pertaining only to 

his or her activities and expenditures. 

Sample sizes were designed to provide 

statistically reliable results at the state 

level. Information on sampling procedures, sample sizes, and response rates 

is found in Appendix D.

Comparability With Previous 

Surveys

The 2006 Survey questions and methodology were similar to those used 

in the 2001, 1996, and 1991 Surveys. 

Therefore, the estimates are comparable. 

The methodology of these Surveys 

did differ importantly from the 1985 

and 1980 Surveys, so these estimates 

are not directly comparable to those 

of earlier surveys. Changes in methodology included reducing the recall 

period over which respondents had to 

report their activities and expenditures. 

Previous Surveys used a 12-month 

recall period, which resulted in greater 

reporting bias. Research found that the 

amount of activity and expenditures 

reported in 12-month recall surveys 

was overestimated in comparison 

with that reported using shorter recall 

periods.
Highlights
2 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Introduction

The National Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation reports results from interviews with U.S. residents about their 

fi shing, hunting, and wildlife watching. 

This report focuses on 2006 participation and expenditures of persons 16 

years of age and older.

The Survey is a snapshot of one year. 

The information it collected tells us 

how many people participated and 

how much they spent on their activities in the State in 2006. It does not 

tell us how many anglers, hunters, and 

wildlife watchers there were because 

many do not participate every year. 

For example, based on information 

collected by the Survey’s household 

screen and detailed phase, we can 

estimate that about 33 percent more 

anglers and hunters participated nationally in at least 1 of the 4 years prior to 

the survey year 2006.

In addition to 2006 estimates, we also 

provide trend information in the Highlights section and Appendix C of the 

report. The 2006 numbers reported can 

be compared with those in the 1991, 

1996, and 2001 Survey reports because 

they used similar methodologies. The 

2006 estimates should not be directly 

compared with results from Surveys 

conducted earlier than 1991 because 

of changes in methodology to improve 

accuracy.

The report also provides information 

on participation in wildlife recreation 

in 2005, particularly of persons 6 to 15 

years of age. The 2005 information is 

provided in Appendix B. Information 

about the Survey’s scope and coverage 

is in Appendix D. The remainder of this 

section defi nes important terms used in 

the Survey.

This report does not provide information about the State’s wildlife 

resources. That, and additional information on wildlife-related recreation, 

may be obtained from State fi sh and 

wildlife agencies. The Association of 

Fish and Wildlife Agencies can provide 

the addresses and telephone numbers of 

those agencies. The Association’s Web 

site is <www.fi shwildlife.org>.

Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Wildlife-associated recreation is 

fi shing, hunting, and wildlife-watching 

activities. These categories are not 

mutually exclusive because many individuals participated in more than one 

activity. Wildlife-associated recreation 

is reported in two major categories: (1) 

fi shing and hunting and (2) wildlife 

watching, which includes observing, 

photographing, and feeding fi sh or 

wildlife.

Fishing and Hunting

This Survey reports information about 

residents of the United States who 

fi shed or hunted in 2006, regardless of 

whether they were licensed. The fi shing 

and hunting sections report information 

for three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2) 

anglers, and (3) hunters.

Sportspersons

Sportspersons are those who fi shed 

or hunted. Individuals who fi shed 

or hunted commercially in 2006 are 

reported as sportspersons only if they 

also fi shed or hunted for recreation. 

The sportspersons group is composed 

of three subgroups, as shown in the 

diagram on this page: (1) those that 

fi shed and hunted, (2) those that only 

fi shed, and (3) those that only hunted.

The total number of sportspersons is 

equal to the sum of people who only 

fi shed, only hunted, and both hunted 

and fi shed. It is not the sum of all 

anglers and all hunters because those 

people who both fi shed and hunted are 

included in both the angler and hunter 

population and would be incorrectly 

counted twice.

Anglers

Anglers are sportspersons who only 

fi shed plus those who fi shed and 

hunted. Anglers include not only 

licensed hook and line anglers, but 

also those who have no license and 

those who use special methods such as 

fi shing with spears.

Three types of fi shing are reported: (1) 

freshwater, excluding the Great Lakes, 

(2) Great Lakes, and (3) saltwater. 

Since many anglers participated in 

more than one type of fi shing, the total 

number of anglers is less than the sum 

of the three types of fi shing.

Hunters

Hunters are sportspersons who only 

hunted plus those who hunted and 

fi shed. Hunters include not only 

licensed hunters using rifl es and shotguns but also those who had no license 

and those who hunted with a bow and 

arrow, primitive fi rearm, or pistol or 

handgun.

Sportspersons

Anglers Hunters

Fished 

only

Fished

and

hunted

Hunted

only
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 3

Four types of hunting are reported: (1) 

big game, (2) small game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other animals. Since 

many hunters participated in more than 

one type of hunting, the sum of hunters 

for big game, small game, migratory 

bird, and other animals exceeds the 

total number of hunters.

Wildlife Watchers

Since 1980, the National Survey has 

included information on wildlifewatching activities in addition to 

fi shing and hunting. The 1991, 1996, 

2001, and 2006 Surveys, unlike the 

1980 and 1985 Surveys, collected data 

only for activities where the primary

purpose was wildlife watching. The 

1980 and 1985 Surveys included estimates of unplanned wildlife watching 

around the home and while on trips 

taken for another purpose.

The 2006 Survey uses a strict defi nition of wildlife watching. Participants 

must either take a “special interest” 

in w ildlife around their homes or take 

a trip for the “primary purpose” of 

wildlife watching. Secondary wildlife watching, such as incidentally 

observing wildlife while pleasure 

driving, is not included.

Two types of wildlife watching 

are reported: (1) away-from-home 

(formerly nonresidential) activities and 

(2) around-the-home (formerly residential) activities. Because some people 

participated in more than one type of 

wildlife watching, the sum of participants in each type will be greater than 

the total number of wildlife watchers. 

The two types of wildlife-watching 

activity are explained next.

Away-From-Home Wildlife 

Watching

This group includes persons who 

took trips or outings of at least 1 mile 

from home for the primary purpose of 

observing, feeding, or photographing 

fi sh and wildlife. Trips to fi sh, hunt, 

or scout and trips to zoos, circuses, 

aq uariums, and museums are not 

considered wildlife-watching activities.

Around-the-Home Wildlife 

Watching

This group includes those who 

participated within 1 mile of home and 

involves one or more of the following: 

(1) closely observing or trying to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) photographing wildlife; (3) feeding birds or 

other wildlife; (4) maintaining natural 

areas of at least 1/4 acre where benefi t 

to wildlife is the primary concern; (5) 

maintaining plantings (shrubs, agricultural crops, etc.) where benefi t to 

wildlife is the primary concern; or (6) 

visiting public parks within 1 mile 

of home for the primary purpose of 

observing, feeding, or photographing 

wildlife.
4 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

2006 Florida Summary

Fishing 

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,767,000 

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,311,000 

Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4,308,583,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,973,985,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,334,598,000

Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,536

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $43

Hunting 

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236,000 

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,769,000 

Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $377,394,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $155,116,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $222,278,000

Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,442

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $41

Wildlife Watching 

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 4,240,000 

 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . 1,560,000 

 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 

Days of participation away from home . . . . 16,551,000 

Average days of participation 

 away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,081,496,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $887,942,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,193,554,000

Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $720

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $54

Activities in Florida by Residents and Nonresidents Activities in Florida by Nonresidents 

Fishing 

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885,000 

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,804,000 

Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,029,770,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $653,894,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $375,876,000

Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,164

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $136

Hunting

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,000 

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,000 

Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $27,810,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $22,889,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,921,000

Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,256

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $327

Wildlife Watching 

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . . 746,000 

 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 746,000 

 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 

Days of participation away from home . . . . 6,102,000 

Average days of participation 

 away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $653,278,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $632,953,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,325,000

Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $858

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . $104

(X) Not applicable.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 5

Activities in Florida by Residents 

Fishing 

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,881,000 

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,507,000 

Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,278,813,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,320,091,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,958,722,000

Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,743

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32

Hunting

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214,000 

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,699,000 

Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $349,584,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $132,227,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $217,357,000

Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,633

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $36

Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . 3,493,000 

 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 813,000 

 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 

Days of participation away from home . . . 10,449,000 

Average days of participation 

 away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,428,218,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $254,989,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,173,229,000

Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $695

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24

Activities by Florida Residents Both Inside and Outside 

Florida 

Fishing 

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,950,000 

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,026,000 

Average days per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,618,499,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,487,385,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,131,114,000

Average per angler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,856

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35

Hunting

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,000 

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,723,000 

Average days per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $870,391,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $326,560,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . . . $543,831,000

Average per hunter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,676

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $57

Wildlife Watching

Total wildlife-watching participants . . . . . 3,520,000 

 Away-from-home participants . . . . . . . . . . 988,000 

 Around-the-home participants . . . . . . . . . 3,274,000 

Days of participation away from home . . . . 14,451,000 

Average days of participation 

 away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 

Total expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$3,238,334,000

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $455,521,000

 Equipment and other . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,782,814,000

Average per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $920

Average trip expenditure per day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $32
6 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Participation in Florida

The 2006 Survey found that 5.9 million 

Florida residents and nonresidents 16 

years old and older fi shed, hunted, 

or wildlife watched in Florida. Of 

the total number of participants, 2.8 

million fi shed, 236 thousand hunted, 

and 4.2 million participated in wildlife -

watching activities, which include 

observing, feeding, and photographing 

wildlife. The sum of anglers, hunters, 

and wildlife watchers exceeds the total 

number of participants in wildlife -

related recreation because many 

individuals engaged in more than one 

wildlife-related activity.

Participation by 6-to-15-Year-Old 

Florida Residents

The focus of the National Survey is 

on the activity of participants 16 years 

old and older. However, the activity 

of 6- to 15-year-olds can be calculated 

using the screening data covering the 

year 2005. It is assumed for estimation purposes that the relative activity 

levels of 6-to-15-year-old participants 

and participants 16 years old and older 

remained the same in 2005 and 2006. 

Based on this assumption, in addition 

to the 2.0 million resident anglers 16 

years old and older, there were 404 

thousand resident anglers 6 to 15 years 

old. Also, in addition to the 325 thousand residents 16 years old and older 

who hunted, there were 37 thousand 

6-to-15-year-old residents who hunted. 

Finally, there were 3.5 million Florida 

residents 16 years old and older and 

539 thousand 6- to 15-year-olds who 

wildlife watched. Further information 

on 6- to 15-year-olds is provided in 

Appendix B.

Expenditures in Florida

In 2006, state residents and nonresidents spent $8.1 billion on wildlife 

recreation in Florida. Of that total, triprelated expenditures were $3.0 billion 

and equipment purchases totaled $4.2 

billion. The remaining $909 million 

was spent on licenses, contributions, 

land ownership and leasing, and other 

items.

Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Participants in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Florida: 2006 

(U.S. residents 16 years old and older) 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 million

Sportspersons

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million 

 Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million 

 Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand 

Wildlife Watchers

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 million 

 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million 

 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million 

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 

Source: Tables 3, 24, and 39.

Percent of Total Participants

by Activity

(Total: 5.9 million participants)

Wildlife

 watching

Fishing Hunting

47%

4%

72%

Wildlife-Associated

Recreation Expenditures in Florida

(Total: $8.1 billion)

Equipment 

52%

Trip-related

37%

Other

11%
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 7

Sportspersons

In 2006, 2.8 million state resident 

and nonresident sportspersons 16 

years old and older fi shed or hunted 

in Florida. This group comprised 

2.8 million anglers (98 percent of 

all sportspersons) and 236 thousand 

hunters (8 percent of all sportspersons). 

Among the 2.8 million sportspersons 

who fi shed or hunted in the state, 2.6 

million (92 percent) fi shed but did not 

hunt in Florida. Another 48 thousand 

(2 percent) hunted but did not fi sh 

there. The remaining 188 thousand (7 

percent) fi shed and hunted in Florida in 

2006. 

Sportspersons’ Participation in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Sportspersons (fi shed or hunted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million

 Fished only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.6 million

 Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 thousand

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand

 Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 thousand

 Hunted and fi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 thousand

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Source: Table 1.
8 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Anglers

Participants and Days of Fishing

In 2006, 2.8 million state residents and 

nonresidents 16 years old and older 

fi shed in Florida. Of this total, 1.9 

million anglers (68 percent) were state 

residents and 885 thousand anglers (32 

percent) were nonresidents. Anglers 

fi shed a total of 46.3 million days in 

Florida—an average of 17 days per 

angler. State residents fi shed 41.5 

million days—90 percent of all fi shing 

days in Florida. Nonresidents fi shed 

4.8 million days in Florida—10 percent 

of all fi shing days in the state. 

A large majority of Florida residents 

who fi shed anywhere in the United 

States did so in their resident state. 

There were 2.0 million Florida residents 16 years old and older who fi shed 

in the United States in 2006 for a total 

of 43.0 million days. An estimated 96 

percent of all Florida residents who 

fi shed did so in their home state. Of 

all fi shing days by Florida residents, 

96 percent or 41.5 million were in their 

home state.

Some state residents fi shed in states 

other than Florida. In 2006, 283 

thousand Florida residents fi shed in 

other states—15 percent of all residents 

fi shing in any state. They fi shed 2.1 

million days as nonresidents, representing 5 percent of all days fi shed by 

Florida residents. For further details 

about fi shing in Florida, see Table 3.

Anglers in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 million

 Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 million

 Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 thousand

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 million

 Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 million

 Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 million

Source: Table 3.

In State/Out of State

(State residents 16 years old and older) 

Florida anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.0 million

 In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 million 

 In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 thousand 

Days of fi shing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.0 million

 In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.5 million

 In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million 

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 9

Fishing Expenditures in Florida

All fi shing-related expenditures in 

Florida totaled $4.3 billion in 2006. 

Trip-related expenditures, which 

include food and lodging, transportation, and other trip expenses totaled 

$2.0 billion—46 percent of all fi shing 

expenditures. Expenditures for food 

and lodging were $680 million and 

transportation expenditures were $420 

million. Other trip expenses, such as 

equipment rental, bait, and cooking 

fuel, totaled $874 million. Each angler 

spent an average of $714 on trip-related 

costs during 2006.

Anglers spent $1.9 billion on equipment in Florida in 2006, 45 percent of 

all fi shing expenditures. Fishing equipment (rods, reels, line, etc.) spending 

totaled $523 million—27 percent of 

the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, special 

fi shing clothes, etc.) and special equipment expenditures (boats, vans, etc.) 

amounted to $1.4 billion—73 percent 

of the equipment total. Special and 

auxiliary equipment are items that were 

purchased for fi shing but could be used 

in activities other than fi shing.

The purchase of other items, such as 

magazines, membership dues, licenses, 

permits, stamps, and land leasing and 

ownership, amounted to $390 million—

9 percent of all fi shing expenditures. 

For more details about fi shing expenditures in Florida, see Tables 19 and 21 

through 23.

Fishing Expenditures in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4.3 billion

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2.0 billion

 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.9 billion

 Fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $523 million

 Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.4 billion

 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $390 million

Source: Table 19.

Percent of Anglers by Residence

(Total: 2.8 million participants)

Residents Nonresidents

68%

32%

Fishing Expenditures in Florida

(Total: $4.3 billion)

Trip-related 

46%

Other

9%

Equipment

45%
10 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Hunters

Participants and Days of Hunting

In 2006, there were 236 thousand 

residents and nonresidents 16 years old 

and older who hunted in Florida. Resident hunters numbered 214 thousand, 

accounting for 91 percent of the hunters 

in Florida. There were 22 thousand 

nonresidents who hunted in Florida—9 

percent of the state’s hunters. Residents and nonresidents hunted 3.8 

million days in 2006, an average of 16 

days per hunter. Residents hunted 3.7 

million days in Florida or 98 percent 

of all hunting days, while nonresidents 

spent 70 thousand days hunting in 

Florida or 2 percent of all hunting days.

There were 325 thousand Florida 

residents 16 years old and older who 

hunted in the United States in 2006 for 

a total of 5.7 million days. An estimated 66 percent of all Florida residents who hunted did so in their home 

state. Of all hunting days by Florida 

residents, 65 percent or 3.7 million 

were spent pursuing game in their 

home state. 

Some state residents hunted in states 

other than Florida. Altogether, 183 

thousand or 56 percent of all Florida 

hunters hunted in other states. Their 

2.3 million days of hunting in other 

states represented 39 percent of all days 

Florida residents spent hunting in 2006. 

For more information on hunting activities by Florida residents, see Table 3.

Hunters in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older) 

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 thousand

 Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 thousand

 Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 thousand

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 million

 Resident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 million

 Nonresident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 thousand

Source: Table 3.

In State/Out of State

(State residents 16 years old and older)

Florida hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 thousand 

 In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 thousand 

 In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 thousand 

Days of hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 million 

 In Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 million 

 In other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 million 

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 

Source: Table 3.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 11

Hunting Expenditures in Florida

All hunting-related expenditures in 

Florida totaled $377 million in 2006. 

Trip-related expenses, such as food and 

lodging, transportation, and other trip 

expenses, totaled $155 million—41 

percent of total expenditures. Expenditures for food and lodging were $43 

million and transportation expenditures 

were $60 million. Other trip expenses, 

such as equipment rental, totaled $53 

million for the year. The average 

trip-related expenditure per hunter was 

$656.

Hunters spent $174 million on equipment—46 percent of all hunting expenditures. Hunting equipment (guns, 

ammunition, etc.) totaled $125 million 

and made up 72 percent of all equipment costs. Hunters spent $48 million 

on auxiliary equipment (tents, special 

hunting clothes, etc.) and special equipment (boats, vans, etc.), accounting 

for 28 percent of total equipment 

expenditures for hunting. Special and 

auxiliary equipment are items that were 

purchased for hunting but could be 

used in activities other than hunting.

The purchase of other items, such as 

magazines, membership dues, licenses, 

permits, and land leasing and ownership, cost hunters $49 million—13 

percent of all hunting expenditures. For more details on hunting 

 expenditures in Florida, see Tables 20 

through 23.

Hunting Expenditures in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $377 million 

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $155 million 

 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $174 million 

 Hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125 million 

 Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $48 million 

 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $49 million 

Source: Table 20.

Percent of Hunters by Residence

(Total: 236 thousand participants)

Residents Nonresidents

91%

9%

Hunting Expenditures in Florida

(Total: $377 million)

Trip-related 

41%

Other

13%

Equipment

46%
12 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Wildlife Watchers

Participants and Days of Activity

In 2006, 4.2 million U.S. residents 

16 years old and older fed, observed, 

or photographed wildlife in Florida. 

Most of them, 77 percent (3.3 million), 

enjoyed their activities close to home 

and are called “around-the-home” 

participants. Those persons who 

enjoyed wildlife at least 1 mile from 

home are called “away-from-home” 

participants. People participating in 

away-from-home activities in Florida 

in 2006 numbered 1.6 million—37 

percent of all wildlife watchers in 

Florida. Of the 1.6 million, 813 

thousand were state residents and 746 

thousand were nonresidents. 

Florida residents 16 years old and older 

who enjoyed away-from-home wildlife 

watching within their state totaled 813 

thousand. Of this group, 813 thousand 

participants observed wildlife, 383 

thousand fed wildlife, and 448 thousand photographed wildlife. Since 

some individuals engaged in more than 

1 of the 3 away-from-home activities 

during the year, the sum of wildlife 

observers, feeders, and photographers 

exceeds the total number of away-fromhome participants. 

Florida residents spent 10.4 million 

days engaged in away-from-home 

wildlife-watching activities in their 

state. They spent 9.7 million days 

observing wildlife, 5.4 million days 

feeding wildlife, and 4.6 million days 

photographing wildlife. The sum of 

days observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife exceeds the total days 

of wildlife-watching activity because 

individuals engaged in more than one 

activity on some days. For further 

details about away-from-home activities, see Table 25.

Florida residents also took an active 

interest in wildlife around their homes. 

In 2006, 3.3 million state residents 

enjoyed observing, feeding, and photographing wildlife within 1 mile of their 

homes. Among this around-the-home 

group, 2.5 million fed, 2.4 million 

observed, and 1.2 million photographed 

wildlife around their homes. Another 

423 thousand participants maintained 

natural areas of 1/4 acre or more for 

wildlife; 448 thousand participants 

Wildlife-Watching Participants in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 million

 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million

 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 

Source: Table 24.

Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 million

Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 million

Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 thousand

Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 million

Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.6 million

Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 million

Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 million

Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.0 million

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 

Source: Table 25.

Around-the-Home Wildlife-Watching Participation in Florida 

(State residents 16 years old and older)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 million 

 Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 million 

 Observe wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 million 

 Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 million 

 Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 thousand 

 Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 thousand 

 Visit public areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 thousand 

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Source: Table 27.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 13

maintained plantings for the benefi t of 

wildlife; and 624 thousand participants 

visited public parks within a mile of 

home because of the wildlife. Summing 

the number of participants in these six 

activities results in an estimate that 

exceeds the total number of around-thehome participants because many people 

participated in more than one type of 

around-the-home activity. In addition, 

23 percent of resident around-the-home 

wildlife watchers also enjoyed wildlife 

away from home. For further details 

about Florida residents participating 

in around-the-home wildlife-watching 

activities, see Table 27.

Wild Bird Observers

Bird watching attracted many wildlife 

enthusiasts in Florida. In 2006, 3.1 

million people observed birds around 

the home and on trips in the state. A 

majority, 68 percent (2.1 million) 

observed wild birds around the home 

while 44 percent (1.4 million) took 

trips away from home to watch birds.

Wildlife-Watching Expenditures 

in Florida

Wildlife watchers spent $3.1 billion on 

wildlife-watching activities in Florida 

in 2006. Trip-related expenditures, 

including food and lodging ($565 

million), transportation ($264 million), 

and other trip expenses ($59 million), 

such as equipment rental, amounted 

to $888 million. This summation 

comprised 29 percent of all wildlifewatching expenditures by participants. 

The average of the trip-related expenditures for away-from-home participants 

was $560 per person in 2006.

Wildlife-watching participants spent 

$1.7 billion on equipment—56 percent 

of all their expenditures. Specifi cally, 

wildlife-watching equipment (binoculars, special clothing, etc.) expenditures 

totaled $353 million, 20 percent of 

the equipment total. Auxiliary equipment expenditures (tents, backpacking 

equipment, etc.) and special equipment 

expenditures (campers, trucks, etc.) 

amounted to $1.4 billion—80 percent 

of all equipment costs. Special and 

auxiliary equipment are items that were 

purchased for wildlife-watching recreation but can be used in activities other 

than wildlife-watching activities.

Other items purchased by wildlife -

watching participants, such as 

magazines, membership dues and 

 contributions, land leasing and ownership, and plantings, totaled $463 

million—15 percent of all wildlifewatching expenditures. For more 

details about wildlife-watching expenditures in Florida, see Table 31.

Wild Bird Observers in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Participants, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 million

 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 million 

 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 million 

Days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245.9 million 

 Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231.6 million 

 Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 million 

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. 

Source: Table 29.

Wildlife-Watching Expenditures in Florida

(State residents and nonresidents 16 years old and older)

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3.1 billion

 Trip-related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $888 million

 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.7 billion

 Wildlife watching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $353 million

 Auxiliary and special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.4 billion

 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $463 million

Source: Table 31.

Around-the-Home and AwayFrom-Home Participation 

by Florida Residents

(Total: 3.3 million participants)

Both around

 the home and

 away from

 home

Around the

 home only

77%

23%

Wildlife-Watching Expenditures 

in Florida

(Total: $3.1 billion)

Trip-related 

29%

Other

15%

Equipment

56%
14 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

1996–2006 Comparisons

Comparing the estimates from the 

1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveys gives 

a perspective on the state of wildliferelated recreation in the late 1990s and 

early-to-mid 2000s in Florida. Only the 

most general recreation comparisons 

are presented here. 

The best way to compare estimates 

from surveys is not to compare the 

estimates themselves, but to compare 

the confi dence intervals around the 

 estimates. A 90-percent confi dence 

interval around an estimate gives the 

range of estimates that 90 percent of all 

possible representative samples would 

supply. If the 90-percent confi dence 

intervals of two surveys’ estimates 

overlap, it is not possible to say the two 

estimates are statistically different.

The state resident estimates cover the 

participation and expenditure activity 

of Florida residents anywhere in the 

United States. The in-state estimates 

cover the participation, day, and 

expenditure activity of U.S. residents in 

Florida.

The expenditure estimates were made 

comparable by adjusting the estimates 

for infl ation—all estimates are in 2006 

dollars. 

Florida 1996 and 2006 Comparison 

(Numbers in thousands)

 1996 2006 Percent change

Fishing

Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,864 2,767 *

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,465 46,311 *

In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,236,689 $4,308,583 *

State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,949 1,950 *

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,586,099 $3,618,499 *

Hunting

Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 236 *

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,446 3,769 *

In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $439,677 $377,394 *

State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 325 *

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $607,518 $870,391 *

Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching

Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,846 1,560 *

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,658 16,551 *

State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,088 988 *

Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching

Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,744 3,274 19

Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,093 2,364 *

Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,420 2,474 *

Wildlife-Watching Expenditures

In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $2,160,530 $3,081,496 *

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,003,170 $3,238,334 *

* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 15

Florida 2001 and 2006 Comparison

(Numbers in thousands)

 2001 2006 Percent change

Fishing

Anglers in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,104 2,767 –11

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,417 46,311 *

In-state expenditures by U.S. anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $4,655,086 $4,308,583 *

State resident anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,109 1,950 *

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,906,546 $3,618,499 *

Hunting

Hunters in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 236 *

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,693 3,769 *

In-state expenditures by U.S. hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $449,421 $377,394 *

State resident hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 325 *

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $622,015 $870,391 *

Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching

Participants in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 1,560 *

Days in state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,388 16,551 *

State resident participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,279 988 *

Around-the-Home Wildlife Watching

Total participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,635 3,274 24

Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663 2,364 42

Feeders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,092 2,474 *

Wildlife-Watching Expenditures

In-state expenditures by U.S. wildlife watchers . . . . . . . . . . $1,796,048 $3,081,496 72

Total expenditures by state residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,646,184 $3,238,334 97

* Not different from zero at the 10 percent level of signifi cance.

Number of People Who Hunted 

and Fished in Florida: 1996–2006 

(In thousands)

Hunters

Anglers

1996 2001 2006

184

2,864

226

3,104

236

2,767

Number of People Who Wildlife 

Watched in Florida: 1996–2006

(In thousands)

Away from home

Around the home

1996 2001 2006

1,846

2,744

1,503

2,635

1,560

3,274

Total Expenditures by 

Participants in Florida 

(In millions of 2006 dollars)

Wildlife watchers

Hunters

Anglers

1996 2001 2006

4,237

440

2,161

4,655

449

1,796

4,309

377

3,081
16 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Purpose and Coverage of Tables

The statistical tables of this report were 

designed to meet a wide range of needs 

for those interested in wildlife-related 

recreation. Special terms used in these 

tables are defi ned in Appendix A.

The tables are based on responses to 

the 2006 Survey, which was designed 

to collect data about participation in 

wi ldlife-related recreation. To have 

taken part in the Survey, a respondent 

must have been a U.S. resident (a 

resident of one of the 50 states or the 

District of Columbia). No one residing 

outside the United States (including 

U.S. citizens) was eligible for interviewing. Therefore, reported state and 

national totals do not include participation by those who were not U.S. 

residents or who were U.S. citizens 

residing outside the United States.

Comparability With Previous 

Surveys

The numbers reported can be compared 

with those in the 1991, 1996, and 2001 

Survey Reports. The methodology used 

in 2006 was similar to that used in 

those Surveys. These results should not 

be directly compared to results from 

Surveys earlier than 1991 since there 

were major changes in methodology 

in 1991. These changes were made to 

improve accuracy in the estimates. 

Coverage of an Individual Table

Since the Survey covers many activities in various places by participants 

of different ages, all table titles, 

headnotes, stubs, and footnotes are 

designed to identify and articulate each 

item being reported in the table. For 

example, the title of Table 2 shows that 

data about anglers and hunters, their 

days of participation, and their number 

of trips are reported by type of activity. 

By contrast, the title of Table 7 indicates that it contains data on freshwater 

anglers and the days they fi shed for 

different species.

Percentages Reported in the Tables

Percentages are reported in the tables 

for the convenience of the user. When 

exclusive groups are being reported, the 

base of a percentage is apparent from 

its context because the percents add to 

100 percent (plus or minus a rounding 

error). For example, Table 2 reports 

the number of trips taken by big game 

hunters, those taken by small game 

hunters, those taken by migratory bird 

hunters, and those taken by hunters 

pursuing other animals. These comprise 

100 percent because they are exclusive 

categories.

Percents should not add to 100 when 

nonexclusive groups are being reported. 

Using Table 2 as an example again, 

note that adding the percentages associated with the total number of big game 

hunters, total small game hunters, 

total migratory bird hunters, and total 

hunters of other animals will not yield 

total hunters because respondents could 

hunt for more than one type of game.

When the base of the percentage is not 

apparent in context, it is identifi ed in a 

footnote. For example, Table 15 reports 

two percentages with different bases: 

one base being the number of total 

participants at the head of the column 

and the other base being the total population who are described by the row 

category. Footnotes are used to clarify 

the bases of the reported percentages.

Footnotes to the Tables

Footnotes are used to clarify the information or items that are being reported 

in a table. Symbols in the body of a 

table indicate important footnotes. 

These symbols are used in the tables 

to refer to the same footnote each time 

they appear:

* Estimate based on a sample size of 

10–29.

... Sample size too small to report data 

reliably because there were fewer 

than 10 responses.

W Less than .5 dollars.

Z Less than 0.5 percent.

X Not applicable.

NA Not asked.

Estimates based upon fewer than 10 

responses are regarded as being based 

on a sample size that is too small for 

reliable reporting. An estimate based 

upon at least 10 but fewer than 30 

responses is treated as an estimate 

based on a small sample size. Other 

footnotes appear, as necessary, to 

qualify or clarify the estimates reported 

in the tables. In addition, these two 

important footnotes appear frequently:

• Detail does not add to total because 

of multiple responses.

• Detail does not add to total because 

of multiple responses and nonresponse.

“Multiple responses” is a term used 

to refl ect the fact that individuals or 

their characteristics fall into more than 

one category. Using Table 12 as an 

example, those who hunt for big game, 

small game, migratory birds, and other 

animals are counted only once as a 

hunter in the “Total, all hunting” row. 

Another example is Table 15, where 

total anglers and hunters add up to 

more than total sportspersons. Totals 

will be smaller than the sum of subcategories when multiple responses exist.

“Nonresponse” exists because the 

Survey questions were answered 

voluntarily and some respondents did 

not or could not answer all the questions. Totals are greater than the sum of 

subcategories when nonresponses have 

occurred. This occurs because some 

respondents answered the question that 

provided the category estimate but did 

not answer the subcategory questions. 

Guide to Statistical Tables
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 17

Table 1. Fishing and Hunting in Florida by Resident and Nonresident Sportspersons: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Sportspersons

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number

Percent of

sportspersons Number

Percent of

resident

sportspersons Number

Percent of

nonresident

sportspersons

Total sportspersons (fished or hunted) ........ 2,815 100 1,910 100 905 100

Total anglers ............................ 2,767 98 1,881 98 885 98

Fished only............................ 2,579 92 1,696 89 883 98

Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7 185 10 ... ...

Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 8 214 11 *22 *2

Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *48 *2 *29 *2 ... ...

Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 7 185 10 ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 2. Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in Florida by Type of Fishing and

Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Type of fishing and hunting

Participants Days of participation Trips

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

FISHING

Total, all fishing ........................... 2,767 100 46,311 100 37,938 100

Total, all freshwater ....................... 1,417 51 24,512 53 20,317 54

Freshwater, except Great Lakes............ 1,417 51 24,512 53 20,317 54

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

Saltwater................................ 2,002 72 23,077 50 17,620 46

HUNTING

Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 3,769 100 3,217 100

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 81 2,875 76 2,293 71

Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *41 *1,054 *28 *558 *17

Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *18 *217 *6 *152 *5

Other animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
18 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 3. Anglers and Hunters, Trips, and Days of Participation: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and hunters, trips,

and days of participation

Activity in Florida Activity by Florida residents in United States

Total, state

residents and

nonresidents

State residents Nonresidents

Total, in state

of residence and

in other states

In state

of residence

In other

states

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

FISHING

Total anglers ............... 2,767 100 1,881 68 885 32 1,950 100 1,881 96 283 15

Total trips ................. 37,938 100 35,273 93 2,664 7 36,524 100 35,273 97 1,251 3

Total days of fishing......... 46,311 100 41,507 90 4,804 10 43,026 100 41,507 96 2,125 5

Average days of fishing . . . . . . 17 (X) 22 (X) 5 (X) 22 (X) 22 (X) 8 (X)

HUNTING

Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 91 *22 *9 325 100 214 66 183 56

Total trips ................. 3,217 100 3,190 99 *27 *1 4,094 100 3,190 78 904 22

Total days of hunting ........ 3,769 100 3,699 98 *70 *2 5,723 100 3,699 65 2,256 39

Average days of hunting . . . . . 16 (X) 17 (X) *3 (X) 18 (X) 17 (X) 12 (X)

(X) Not applicable. * Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 4. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters by Place Fished or Hunted: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Place fished or hunted

Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number Percent

Total, all places........................................ 1,950 100 325 100

In-state only ......................................... 1,666 85 142 44

In-state and other states. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11 *72 *22

In other states only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *69 *4 111 34

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail may not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 19

Table 5. Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters, Days of Participation, and Trips in the United States

by Type of Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Type of fishing and hunting

Participants Days of participation Trips

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

FISHING

Total, all fishing ........................... 1,950 100 43,026 100 36,524 100

Total, all freshwater ....................... 1,287 66 24,475 57 20,311 56

Freshwater, except Great Lakes............ 1,287 66 24,470 57 20,294 56

Great Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

Saltwater................................ 1,286 66 19,904 46 16,213 44

HUNTING

Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 100 5,723 100 4,094 100

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 81 4,603 80 2,947 72

Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 39 1,366 24 696 17

Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 *14 *376 *7 *232 *6

Other animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 6. Freshwater Anglers, Trips, Days of Fishing, and Type of Water Fished: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers, trips, and days of fishing

Activity in Florida

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total anglers .............................. 1,417 100 1,155 82 262 18

Total trips ................................ 20,317 100 19,337 95 980 5

Total days of fishing........................ 24,512 100 23,031 94 1,482 6

Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 (X) 20 (X) 6 (X)

ANGLERS

Total, all types of water..................... 1,417 100 1,155 82 262 18

Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs.................. 1,156 100 950 82 206 18

Rivers or streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 100 554 91 *54 *9

DAYS

Total, all types of water..................... 24,512 100 23,031 94 1,482 6

Ponds, lakes, or reservoirs.................. 18,562 100 17,404 94 1,159 6

Rivers or streams ......................... 7,727 100 7,420 96 *307 *4

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
20 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 7. Freshwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and days of fishing

Activity in Florida

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number

Percent of

total

types

Percent of

anglers/

days Number

Percent of

anglers/

days Number

Percent of

anglers/

days

ANGLERS

Total, all types of fish ......................... 1,417 100 100 1,155 82 262 18

Crappie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 20 100 240 83 *50 *17

Panfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 31 100 392 91 *40 *9

White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids . . . . . 181 13 100 146 80 *36 *20

Black bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 58 100 700 85 122 15

Catfish, bullheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 27 100 355 91 *35 *9

Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Trout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *70 *5 *100 *57 *82 ... ...

Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 19 100 232 87 *36 *13

Other freshwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 13 100 147 81 *35 *19

DAYS

Total, all types of fish ......................... 24,512 100 100 23,031 94 1,482 6

Crappie .................................... 3,628 15 100 3,232 89 *396 *11

Panfish .................................... 3,967 16 100 3,836 97 *132 *3

White bass, striped bass, striped bass hybrids ..... 3,713 15 100 3,495 94 *218 *6

Black bass ................................. 14,688 60 100 14,226 97 462 3

Catfish, bullheads............................ 5,660 23 100 5,579 99 *81 *1

Walleye, sauger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Northern pike, pickerel, muskie, muskie hybrids . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Steelhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Trout ...................................... *703 *3 *100 *638 *91 ... ...

Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Anything1 .................................. 2,143 9 100 2,034 95 *109 *5

Other freshwater fish ......................... 2,155 9 100 1,832 85 *323 *15

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 21

Table 8. Great Lakes Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006

This table does not apply to this state.

Table 9. Great Lakes Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006

This table does not apply to this state.
22 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 10. Saltwater Anglers, Trips, and Days of Fishing in Florida: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers, trips, and days of fishing

Activity in Florida

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total anglers............................... 2,002 100 1,286 64 716 36

Total trips ................................. 17,620 100 15,936 90 1,684 10

Total days................................. 23,077 100 19,553 85 3,524 15

Average days of fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 (X) 15 (X) 5 (X)

(X) Not applicable.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 11. Saltwater Anglers and Days of Fishing in Florida by Type of Fish: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Anglers and days of fishing

Activity in Florida

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number

Percent of

total

types

Percent of

anglers/

days Number

Percent of

anglers/

days Number

Percent of

anglers/

days

ANGLERS

Total, all types of fish .................. 2,002 100 100 1,286 64 716 36

Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5 100 *60 *66 *31 *34

Bluefish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 7 100 *94 *69 *41 *31

Flatfish (flounder, halibut). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 12 100 173 74 *59 *26

Red drum (redfish) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 26 100 387 75 130 25

Sea trout (weakfish). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 17 100 268 77 79 23

Mackerel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 12 100 177 71 73 29

Mahi-mahi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 16 100 233 73 *85 *27

Shellfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *80 *4 *100 *64 *80 ... ...

Anything1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920 46 100 630 68 291 32

Other saltwater fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 38 100 496 65 264 35

DAYS

Total, all types of fish .................. 23,077 100 100 19,553 85 3,524 15

Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Striped bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 4 100 *822 *83 *163 *17

Bluefish ............................ 2,002 9 100 *1,901 *95 *101 *5

Flatfish (flounder, halibut).............. 3,826 17 100 3,624 95 *202 *5

Red drum (redfish) ................... 6,107 26 100 5,365 88 743 12

Sea trout (weakfish)................... 4,759 21 100 4,245 89 514 11

Mackerel............................ 3,603 16 100 3,094 86 509 14

Mahi-mahi .......................... 2,082 9 100 1,627 78 *455 *22

Shellfish ............................ *745 *3 *100 *725 *97 ... ...

Anything1 ........................... 8,940 39 100 7,677 86 1,263 14

Other saltwater fish ................... 11,524 50 100 10,001 87 1,523 13

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Respondent fished for no specific species and identified ‘‘Anything’’ from a list of categories of fish.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 23

Table 12. Hunters, Trips, and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Hunters, trips, and days of hunting

Activity in Florida

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

HUNTERS

Total, all hunting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 91 *22 *9

Big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 100 177 92 ... ...

Small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *100 *91 *95 ... ...

Migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *100 *42 *100 ... ...

Other animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

TRIPS

Total, all hunting .......................... 3,217 100 3,190 99 *27 *1

Big game ............................... 2,293 100 2,278 99 ... ...

Small game.............................. *558 *100 *548 *98 ... ...

Migratory bird ........................... *152 *100 *152 *100 ... ...

Other animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

DAYS

Total, all hunting .......................... 3,769 100 3,699 98 *70 *2

Big game ............................... 2,875 100 2,822 98 ... ...

Small game.............................. *1,054 *100 *1,040 *99 ... ...

Migratory bird ........................... *217 *100 *217 *100 ... ...

Other animals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
24 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 13. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Game: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Type of game

Hunters, state

residents and nonresidents Days of hunting

Number Percent Number Percent

Total, all types of game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 3,769 100

Big game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 81 2,875 76

Deer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 71 2,372 63

Elk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Wild turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *82 *35 *935 *25

Other big game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *16 ... ...

Small game, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *96 *41 *1,054 *28

Rabbit, hare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Quail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *32 *14 *155 *4

Grouse/prairie chicken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Squirrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *49 *21 *635 *17

Pheasant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other small game. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Migratory birds, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *42 *18 *217 *6

Waterfowl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Geese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Duck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Dove . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other migratory bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other animals, total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes groundhog, raccoon, fox, coyote, crow, prairie dog, etc.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 14. Hunters and Days of Hunting in Florida by Type of Land: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Hunters and days of hunting

Total, state

residents and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

HUNTERS

Total, all types of land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 100 214 100 *22 *100

Public land, total ........................ *103 *44 *97 *45 ... ...

Public land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *58 *25 *57 *27 ... ...

Public and private land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 *19 *40 *19 ... ...

Private land, total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 73 151 71 ... ...

Private land only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 54 111 52 ... ...

Private and public land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *45 *19 *40 *19 ... ...

DAYS

Total, all types of land...................... 3,769 100 3,699 100 *70 *100

Public land1 ............................. *1,363 *36 *1,357 *37 ... ...

Private land2 ............................. 3,037 81 2,974 80 ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Days of hunting on public land includes both days spent solely on public land and those spent on public and private land. 2 Days of hunting on private land includes both days spent solely on private land and those spent on private and public land.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 25

Table 15. Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Population Sportspersons

(fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number

Percent

who

participated

Percent

of

sportspersons Number

Percent

who

participated

Percent

of

anglers Number

Percent

who

participated

Percent

of

hunters

Total persons..................... 14,233 100 2,004 14 100 1,950 14 100 325 2 100

Population Density of Residence

Urban ......................... 12,309 86 1,501 12 75 1,460 12 75 204 2 63

Rural .......................... 1,924 14 503 26 25 490 25 25 122 6 37

Population Size of Residence

Metropolitan statistical area

(MSA)........................ 13,238 93 1,716 13 86 1,670 13 86 279 2 86

1,000,000 or more ............. 8,717 61 883 10 44 864 10 44 156 2 48

250,000 to 999,999 ............ 3,479 24 611 18 31 593 17 30 *77 *2 *24

Less than 250,000 ............. 1,042 7 222 21 11 213 20 11 *46 *4 *14

Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 7 287 29 14 280 28 14 *46 *5 *14

Sex

Male .......................... 6,775 48 1,415 21 71 1,381 20 71 295 4 91

Female ........................ 7,458 52 589 8 29 569 8 29 *31 *(Z) *9

Age

16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 3 *49 *12 *2 *49 *12 *3 ... ... ...

18 to 24 years .................. 1,167 8 154 13 8 146 13 7 ... ... ...

25 to 34 years .................. 2,217 16 385 17 19 381 17 20 *79 *4 *24

35 to 44 years .................. 2,634 19 406 15 20 395 15 20 *64 *2 *20

45 to 54 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,853 20 471 17 24 453 16 23 *75 *3 *23

55 to 64 years .................. 2,043 14 340 17 17 330 16 17 *40 *2 *12

65 years and older ............... 2,910 20 199 7 10 196 7 10 *38 *1 *12

Ethnicity

Hispanic ....................... 2,550 18 163 6 8 163 6 8 ... ... ...

Non-Hispanic ................... 11,683 82 1,840 16 92 1,786 15 92 320 3 98

Race

White ......................... 12,033 85 1,802 15 90 1,750 15 90 305 3 94

Black.......................... 1,802 13 *145 *8 *7 *145 *8 *7 ... ... ...

All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3 *57 *14 *3 *55 *14 *3 ... ... ...

Annual Household Income

Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 3 *41 *8 *2 *38 *8 *2 ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 6 *89 *10 *4 *86 *10 *4 ... ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999 .............. 1,339 9 171 13 9 169 13 9 ... ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999 .............. 1,318 9 147 11 7 144 11 7 ... ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999 .............. 1,125 8 204 18 10 202 18 10 ... ... ...

$50,000 to $74,999 .............. 1,797 13 401 22 20 388 22 20 *68 *4 *21

$75,000 to $99,999 .............. 1,223 9 304 25 15 295 24 15 *56 *5 *17

$100,000 or more................ 1,484 10 312 21 16 304 20 16 *62 *4 *19

Not reported .................... 4,565 32 335 7 17 325 7 17 *55 *1 *17

Education

11 years or less ................. 1,989 14 249 13 12 244 12 13 ... ... ...

12 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,067 36 697 14 35 675 13 35 108 2 33

1 to 3 years college .............. 3,174 22 548 17 27 535 17 27 *79 *3 *24

4 years college or more ........... 4,003 28 510 13 25 495 12 25 *100 *2 *31

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity

named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who

are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers who lived in urban areas, etc.).
26 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 16. Summary of Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for

Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Average per

sportsperson

(dollars)

FISHING AND HUNTING

Total ................................................. 5,034,110 2,770 1,818 1,739

Food and lodging ..................................... 723,159 2,172 333 257

Transportation........................................ 479,272 2,005 239 170

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 926,670 2,097 442 329

Equipment (fishing, hunting)............................ 688,687 1,485 464 243

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 82,818 361 229 26

Special equipment3

.................................... 1,687,950 162 10,446 574

Magazines and books.................................. 16,914 447 38 6

Membership dues and contributions ...................... 21,518 220 98 8

Other4 .............................................. 407,120 1,132 360 127

FISHING

Total ................................................. 4,308,583 2,635 1,635 1,536

Food and lodging ..................................... 680,147 2,116 321 246

Transportation........................................ 419,711 1,929 218 152

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 874,127 2,084 419 316

Fishing equipment .................................... 523,433 1,407 372 188

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 37,035 202 184 12

Special equipment3

.................................... 1,384,330 136 10,157 500

Magazines and books.................................. 10,744 317 34 4

Membership dues and contributions ...................... 9,732 127 77 4

Other4 .............................................. 369,323 1,071 345 115

HUNTING

Total ................................................. 377,394 308 1,224 1,443

Food and lodging ..................................... 43,013 174 248 182

Transportation........................................ 59,561 170 350 252

Other trip costs1 ...................................... *52,543 *81 *647 *222

Hunting equipment.................................... 125,342 225 557 457

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 28,308 96 295 100

Special equipment3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Magazines and books.................................. *2,665 *52 *51 *6

Membership dues and contributions ...................... *8,067 *41 *195 *34

Other4 .............................................. 37,796 111 340 156

UNSPECIFIED5

Total ................................................. 308,220 209 1,474 82

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc. 3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 27

Table 17. Summary of Fishing Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and

Nonresidents Combined by Type of Fishing: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Amount

(thousands of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per spender

(dollars)

Average per angler

(dollars)

ALL FISHING

Total ......................... 3,918,783 2,540 1,543 1,414

Food and lodging ............. 680,147 2,116 321 246

Transportation................ 419,711 1,929 218 152

Other trip costs............... 874,127 2,084 419 316

Equipment .................. 1,944,798 1,451 1,341 700

ALL FRESHWATER

Total ......................... 1,133,163 1,268 893 796

Food and lodging ............. 167,541 1,010 166 118

Transportation................ 175,912 873 201 124

Other trip costs............... 201,313 938 215 142

Equipment .................. 588,396 699 842 411

FRESHWATER, EXCEPT

GREAT LAKES

Total ......................... 1,131,855 1,262 897 795

Food and lodging ............. 167,541 1,010 166 118

Transportation................ 175,081 873 200 124

Other trip costs............... 201,313 938 215 142

Equipment .................. 587,920 690 852 411

GREAT LAKES

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

SALTWATER

Total ......................... 2,443,801 1,802 1,356 1,215

Food and lodging ............. 512,606 1,530 335 256

Transportation................ 243,799 1,363 179 122

Other trip costs............... 672,814 1,492 451 336

Equipment .................. 1,014,583 758 1,339 501

... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 19 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
28 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 18. Summary of Hunting Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and

Nonresidents Combined by Type of Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Amount

(thousands of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per spender

(dollars)

Average per hunter

(dollars)

ALL HUNTING

Total ............................ 328,866 282 1,166 1,246

Food and lodging ................ 43,013 174 248 182

Transportation................... 59,561 170 350 252

Other trip costs.................. *52,543 *81 *647 *222

Equipment ..................... 173,749 237 734 590

BIG GAME

Total ............................ 236,976 218 1,088 1,078

Food and lodging ................ 36,556 146 250 191

Transportation................... 44,643 133 336 233

Other trip costs.................. *42,898 *67 *643 *224

Equipment ..................... 112,880 173 653 430

SMALL GAME

Total ............................ 65,236 107 612 1,347

Food and lodging ................ *5,493 *56 *98 *190

Transportation................... *12,485 *62 *202 *432

Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Equipment ..................... *38,162 *91 *421 *411

MIGRATORY BIRD

Total ............................ *21,072 *28 *758 *1,264

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

OTHER ANIMALS

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 20 for detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 29

Table 19. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Fishing: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Expenditures Spenders

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Average per

angler

(dollars)

Number

(thousands)

Percent of

anglers

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Total, all items.................................. 4,308,583 1,536 2,635 95 1,635

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES

Total trip-related................................ 1,973,985 714 2,419 87 816

Food and lodging, total .......................... 680,147 246 2,282 82 298

Food ........................................ 405,126 146 2,090 76 194

Lodging...................................... 275,021 99 521 19 528

Transportation ................................... 419,711 152 1,929 70 218

Other trip costs, total............................ 874,127 316 2,084 75 419

Privilege and other fees1 ........................ 244,748 88 752 27 325

Boating costs2 ................................. 453,525 164 788 28 576

Bait ......................................... 126,754 46 1,515 55 84

Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,069 17 1,103 40 43

Heating and cooking fuel........................ 2,031 1 89 3 23

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES

PRIMARILY FOR FISHING

Fishing equipment, total ......................... 523,433 188 1,407 51 372

Reels, rods, and rod-making components ........... 217,311 78 829 30 262

Lines, hooks, sinkers, etc. ....................... 90,819 33 1,187 43 77

Artificial lures and flies ......................... 78,492 28 945 34 83

Creels, stringers, fish bags, landing nets, and gaff

hooks....................................... 8,303 3 222 8 37

Minnow seines, traps, and bait containers........... 6,612 2 251 9 26

Other fishing equipment3 ........................ 121,895 44 504 18 242

Auxiliary equipment4 ............................. 37,035 12 202 7 184

Special equipment5 ............................... 1,384,330 500 136 5 10,157

Other fishing costs6 .............................. 389,800 123 1,261 46 309

1 Includes boat or equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trip (party and charter boats, etc.), public land use, and private land use. 2 Boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 3 Includes electronic fishing devices (depth finders, fish finders, etc.), tackle boxes, ice fishing equipment, and other fishing equipment. 4 Includes tents, special fishing clothing, etc. 5 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 6 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, tags, and permits.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of anglers may be greater than 100 because spenders who did not fish in this

state are included.
30 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 20. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Hunting: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Expenditures Spenders

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Average per

hunter

(dollars)

Number

(thousands)

Percent of

hunters

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Total, all items.................................. 377,394 1,442 308 130 1,224

TRIP-RELATED EXPENDITURES

Total trip-related................................ 155,116 656 193 82 802

Food and lodging, total .......................... 43,013 182 191 81 225

Food ........................................ 39,561 167 171 72 231

Lodging...................................... *3,452 *15 *27 *11 *130

Transportation ................................... 59,561 252 170 72 350

Other trip costs, total............................ *52,543 *222 *81 *34 *647

Privilege and other fees1 ........................ *43,521 *184 *54 *23 *813

Boating costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Heating and cooking fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES

PRIMARILY FOR HUNTING

Hunting equipment, total......................... 125,342 457 225 95 557

Firearms ..................................... 68,111 238 98 41 695

Ammunition .................................. 17,360 60 192 81 91

Other hunting equipment2 ....................... 39,871 159 113 48 352

Auxiliary equipment3 ............................. *28,308 *100 *96 *41 *295

Special equipment4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Other hunting costs5 .............................. 48,528 196 147 62 329

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes guide fees, pack trip or package fees, public and private land use access fees, and rental of equipment such as boats and hunting or camping equipment. 2 Includes bows, arrows, archery equipment, telescopic sights, decoys and game calls, handloading equipment and components, hunting dogs and associated costs, hunting

knives, and other hunting equipment. 3 Includes tents, special hunting clothing, etc. 4 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 5 Includes magazines and books, membership dues and contributions, land leasing and ownership, and licenses, stamps, and permits.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent of hunters may be greater than 100 percent because spenders who did not hunt

in this state are included.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 31

Table 21. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Fishing and Hunting by Florida Residents and

Nonresidents: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average

per spender

(dollars)

Average per

sportsperson

(dollars)

STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,

total ................................................ 4,539,925 2,638 1,721 1,613

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 3,918,783 2,540 1,543 1,417

Food and lodging ..................................... 680,147 2,116 321 246

Transportation........................................ 419,711 1,929 218 152

Boating costs1

........................................ 453,525 788 576 164

Other trip costs2 ...................................... 420,602 1,976 213 152

Equipment .......................................... 1,944,798 1,451 1,341 703

Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total......... 328,866 282 1,166 1,392

Food and lodging ..................................... 43,013 174 248 182

Transportation........................................ 59,561 170 350 252

Boating costs1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs2 ...................................... *47,296 *71 *667 *200

Equipment .......................................... 173,749 237 734 735

Unspecified equipment3 ................................. 292,276 73 3,997 104

STATE RESIDENTS

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,

total ................................................ 3,747,794 1,785 2,099 1,962

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 3,226,604 1,719 1,878 1,715

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411,806 1,458 282 219

Transportation........................................ 225,889 1,321 171 120

Boating costs1

........................................ 401,048 629 637 213

Other trip costs2 ...................................... 281,348 1,347 209 150

Equipment .......................................... 1,906,512 1,202 1,586 1,014

Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total......... 302,251 245 1,235 1,412

Food and lodging ..................................... 40,902 162 253 191

Transportation........................................ 45,842 153 300 214

Boating costs1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs2 ...................................... *40,236 *68 *589 *188

Equipment .......................................... 170,024 220 774 794

Unspecified equipment3 ................................. 218,940 66 3,310 115

NONRESIDENTS

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing and hunting,

total ................................................ 792,131 853 929 875

Trip and equipment expenditures for fishing, total.......... 692,179 822 842 782

Food and lodging ..................................... 268,340 657 408 303

Transportation........................................ 193,823 609 319 219

Boating costs1

........................................ 52,478 159 331 59

Other trip costs2 ...................................... 139,253 628 222 157

Equipment .......................................... 38,286 249 154 43

Trip and equipment expenditures for hunting, total......... *26,615 *37 *716 *1,194

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Boating costs1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other trip costs2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Unspecified equipment3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes boat launching, mooring, storage, maintenance, insurance, pumpout fees, and fuel. 2 Includes equipment rental, guide and access fees, ice and bait for fishing, and heating and cooking oil. 3 Respondent could not specify whether item was for hunting or fishing.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
32 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 22. Summary of Florida Residents’ Fishing and Hunting Expenditures Both Inside and Outside

Florida: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Average per

sportsperson

(dollars)

FISHING AND HUNTING

Total ................................................. 4,874,060 1,897 2,569 2,432

Food and lodging ..................................... 594,196 1,599 372 297

Transportation........................................ 422,387 1,477 286 211

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 797,363 1,520 525 398

Equipment (fishing, hunting)............................ 687,987 1,303 528 343

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 87,755 376 234 44

Special equipment3

.................................... 2,017,957 179 11,252 1,007

Magazines and books.................................. 16,140 383 42 8

Membership dues and contributions ...................... 22,953 232 99 11

Other4 .............................................. 227,322 908 250 113

FISHING

Total ................................................. 3,618,499 1,813 1,996 1,856

Food and lodging ..................................... 474,027 1,520 312 243

Transportation........................................ 303,464 1,386 219 156

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 709,894 1,495 475 364

Fishing equipment .................................... 504,927 1,219 414 259

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 34,184 196 175 18

Special equipment3

.................................... 1,506,501 142 10,643 773

Magazines and books.................................. 10,293 284 36 5

Membership dues and contributions ...................... 10,550 130 81 5

Other4 .............................................. 64,658 800 81 33

HUNTING

Total ................................................. 870,391 303 2,875 2,676

Food and lodging ..................................... 120,168 256 469 369

Transportation........................................ 118,923 260 457 366

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 87,469 137 637 269

Hunting equipment.................................... 143,972 257 561 443

Auxiliary equipment2 .................................. 37,107 119 311 114

Special equipment3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Magazines and books.................................. *2,628 *35 *75 *8

Membership dues and contributions ...................... *8,323 *44 *190 *26

Other4 .............................................. 162,664 180 904 500

UNSPECIFIED5

Total ................................................. 346,083 200 1,734 173

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes boating costs, equipment rental, guide fees, access fees, heating and cooking fuel, and ice and bait (for fishing only). 2 Includes tents, special clothing, etc. 3 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 4 Includes land leasing and ownership, licenses, stamps, tags, and permits. 5 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Tables 19–20 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 33

Table 23. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Average per

sportsperson

(dollars)

IN FLORIDA

Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................ 3,899,476 1,824 2,138 2,042

Trip-related expenditures............................... 1,452,318 1,697 856 760

Equipment (fishing and hunting)......................... 655,857 1,243 528 343

Auxiliary equipment1 .................................. 72,860 318 229 38

Special equipment2

.................................... 1,612,206 152 10,584 844

Other3 .............................................. 106,235 1,030 103 56

Expenditures for fishing, total ........................... 3,278,813 1,755 1,869 1,743

Trip-related expenditures............................... 1,320,091 1,650 800 702

Fishing equipment .................................... 493,681 1,173 421 262

Auxiliary equipment1 .................................. 31,516 177 178 17

Special equipment2

.................................... 1,381,315 132 10,499 734

Other3 .............................................. 52,209 918 57 28

Expenditures for hunting, total .......................... 349,584 250 1,401 1,633

Trip-related expenditures............................... 132,227 173 763 618

Hunting equipment.................................... 124,048 212 585 580

Auxiliary equipment1 .................................. *25,876 *86 *300 *121

Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other3 .............................................. 47,333 126 377 221

Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total4 ..... 229,559 157 1,465 120

OUT OF STATE

Expenditures for fishing and hunting, total ................ 993,020 360 2,756 2,479

Trip-related expenditures............................... 380,874 315 1,209 951

Equipment (fishing and hunting)......................... 31,572 120 263 79

Auxiliary equipment1 .................................. *14,734 *74 *199 *37

Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other3 .............................................. 160,089 188 849 400

Expenditures for fishing, total ........................... 368,029 240 1,531 1,300

Trip-related expenditures............................... 196,232 215 911 693

Fishing equipment .................................... *10,688 *66 *161 *38

Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other3 .............................................. *33,267 *110 *302 *117

Expenditures for hunting, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511,115 166 3,075 2,791

Trip-related expenditures............................... 184,642 156 1,187 1,008

Hunting equipment.................................... *19,924 *73 *274 *109

Auxiliary equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *11,231 *40 *284 *61

Special equipment2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other3 .............................................. 126,282 106 1,192 690

Unspecified expenditures for fishing and hunting, total 4 . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes tents, special hunting or fishing clothing, etc. 2 Includes boats, campers, 4x4 vehicles, cabins, etc. 3 Includes magazines, books, membership dues, contributions, land leasing and ownership, stamps, tags, and licenses. 4 Respondent could not specify whether expenditure was primarily for either fishing or hunting.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
34 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 24. Wildlife Watching in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants Number Percent

Total participants ........................................................... 4,240 100

Away from home........................................................... 1,560 37

Observe wildlife ......................................................... 1,517 36

Photograph wildlife ....................................................... 1,005 24

Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 13

Around the home........................................................... 3,274 77

Observe wildlife ......................................................... 2,364 56

Photograph wildlife ....................................................... 1,230 29

Feed wildlife ............................................................ 2,474 58

Visit public parks1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 15

Maintain plantings or natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 17

1 Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.

Table 25. Participants, Trips, and Days of Participation in Away-From-Home Wildlife Watching in

Florida: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants, trips, and days

of participation

Activity in Florida

Total, state residents and

nonresidents

State

residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

PARTICIPANTS

Total participants.......................... 1,560 100 813 100 746 100

Observe wildlife.......................... 1,517 97 813 100 703 94

Photograph wildlife ....................... 1,005 64 448 55 558 75

Feed wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549 35 *383 *47 *166 *22

TRIPS

Total trips ................................. 9,672 100 8,185 100 1,487 100

Average days per trip. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 (X) 1 (X) 4 (X)

DAYS

Total days ................................ 16,551 100 10,449 100 6,102 100

Observing wildlife ........................ 14,562 88 9,709 93 4,853 80

Photographing wildlife..................... 7,014 42 *4,585 *44 2,428 40

Feeding wildlife .......................... 5,858 35 *5,412 *52 *446 *7

Average days per participant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (X) 13 (X) 8 (X)

Observing wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (X) 12 (X) 7 (X)

Photographing wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 (X) *10 (X) 4 (X)

Feeding wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 (X) *14 (X) *3 (X)

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. (X) Not applicable.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 35

Table 26. Away-From-Home Wildlife-Watching Participants by Wildlife Observed, Photographed, or Fed

in Florida: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Wildlife observed, photographed, or fed

Total, state residents and

nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total all wildlife ................................. 1,560 100 813 52 746 48

Total birds...................................... 1,418 100 717 51 701 49

Songbirds (cardinals, robins, warblers, etc.). . . . . . . . . . 845 100 481 57 364 43

Birds of prey (hawks, owls, eagles, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 496 58 363 42

Waterfowl (ducks, geese, swan, etc.) ............... 1,166 100 593 51 573 49

Other water birds (shorebirds, herons, cranes, etc.) .... 1,290 100 605 47 684 53

Other birds (pheasants, turkeys, road runners, etc.).... *289 *100 *167 *58 *122 *42

Total land mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 100 508 59 356 41

Large land mammals (bears, bison, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 100 *263 *63 *158 *37

Small land mammals (prairie dogs, squirrels, etc.) . . . . 796 100 478 60 317 40

Fish (salmon, shark, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 100 461 59 318 41

Marine mammals (whales, dolphins, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 100 *348 *51 336 49

Other wildlife (butterflies, turtles, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 100 552 56 433 44

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
36 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 27. Participation in Wildlife-Watching Activities Around the Home in Florida: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Around the home

Participants

Number Percent

Total around-the-home participants. . . 3,274 100

Observe wildlife ................... 2,364 72

Visit public parks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 19

Photograph wildlife ................ 1,230 38

Feed wildlife ...................... 2,474 76

Maintain natural areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 13

Maintain plantings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 14

Participants Observing Wildlife

Total, all wildlife .................. 2,364 100

Birds........................... 2,122 90

Land mammals .................. 1,748 74

Large mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 24

Small mammals ............... 1,653 70

Amphibians or reptiles ........... 1,410 60

Insects or spiders ................ 1,060 45

Fish and other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . 789 33

Total, 1 day or more .............. 2,364 100

1 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609 26

Around the home

Participants

Number Percent

11 to 50 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 24

51 to 200 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 25

201 days or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 22

Participants Visiting Public Parks 1

Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 100

1 to 5 days...................... *260 *42

6 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ...

11 days or more ................. *287 *46

Participants Photographing Wildlife

Total, 1 day or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,230 100

1 to 3 days. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 37

4 to 10 days . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *329 *27

11 or more days ................. *381 *31

Participants Feeding Wildlife

Total, all wildlife .................. 2,474 100

Wild birds ...................... 2,308 93

Other wildlife ................... 1,165 47

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Includes visits only to parks or publicly owned areas within 1 mile of home.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

Table 28. Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching in the United States: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants Number

Percent of

participants

Percent of

population

Total participants .................................................. 3,520 100 24

Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 28 7

Around the home ................................................. 3,274 93 22

Observe wildlife ................................................ 2,364 67 16

Photograph wildlife ............................................. 1,230 35 8

Feed wild birds or other wildlife.................................. 2,474 70 17

Maintain plantings or natural areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 20 5

Visit public parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 18 4

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent

of population is based on the state population 16 years old and older, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 37

Table 29. Wild Bird Observers and Days of Observation in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents:

2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Observers and days of observation

Total, state residents

and nonresidents State residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

OBSERVERS

Total bird observers........................ 3,101 100 2,440 100 661 100

Around-the-home observers................. 2,122 68 2,122 87 ... ...

Away-from-home observers................. 1,367 44 706 29 661 100

DAYS

Total days observing birds .................. 245,855 100 241,336 100 4,519 100

Around the home ......................... 231,593 94 231,593 96 ... ...

Away from home ......................... 14,262 6 9,743 4 4,519 100

... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses.
38 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 30. Selected Characteristics of Florida Residents Participating in Wildlife Watching: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Population

Participants

Total Away from home Around the home

Number Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent

Total persons..................... 14,233 100 3,520 25 100 988 7 100 3,274 23 100

Population Density of Residence

Urban ......................... 12,309 86 2,689 22 76 802 7 81 2,460 20 75

Rural .......................... 1,924 14 830 43 24 *186 *10 *19 814 42 25

Population Size of Residence

Metropolitan statistical area

(MSA)........................ 13,238 93 3,113 24 88 910 7 92 2,884 22 88

1,000,000 or more ............. 8,717 61 1,708 20 49 *442 *5 *45 1,600 18 49

250,000 to 999,999 ............ 3,479 24 1,132 33 32 374 11 38 1,029 30 31

Less than 250,000 ............. 1,042 7 *273 *26 *8 ... ... ... *255 *24 *8

Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995 7 407 41 12 ... ... ... 390 39 12

Sex

Male .......................... 6,775 48 1,686 25 48 429 6 43 1,566 23 48

Female ........................ 7,458 52 1,834 25 52 559 7 57 1,708 23 52

Age

16 to 17 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

18 to 24 years .................. 1,167 8 *278 *24 *8 ... ... ... *259 *22 *8

25 to 34 years .................. 2,217 16 *349 *16 *10 ... ... ... *330 *15 *10

35 to 44 years .................. 2,634 19 603 23 17 *194 *7 *20 526 20 16

45 to 54 years .................. 2,853 20 799 28 23 *149 *5 *15 791 28 24

55 to 64 years .................. 2,043 14 687 34 20 *286 *14 *29 603 30 18

65 years and older ............... 2,910 20 746 26 21 *158 *5 *16 724 25 22

Ethnicity

Hispanic ....................... 2,550 18 *197 *8 *6 ... ... ... *197 *8 *6

Non-Hispanic ................... 11,683 82 3,323 28 94 941 8 95 3,077 26 94

Race

White ......................... 12,033 85 3,364 28 96 930 8 94 3,145 26 96

Black.......................... 1,802 13 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Annual Household Income

Under $10,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492 3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 6 *329 *37 *9 ... ... ... *315 *35 *10

$20,000 to $29,999 .............. 1,339 9 *236 *18 *7 ... ... ... *217 *16 *7

$30,000 to $39,999 .............. 1,318 9 *283 *22 *8 ... ... ... *249 *19 *8

$40,000 to $49,999 .............. 1,125 8 *220 *20 *6 ... ... ... *212 *19 *6

$50,000 to $74,999 .............. 1,797 13 682 38 19 *209 *12 *21 574 32 18

$75,000 to $99,999 .............. 1,223 9 466 38 13 *134 *11 *14 *421 *34 *13

$100,000 or more................ 1,484 10 550 37 16 *188 *13 *19 531 36 16

Not reported .................... 4,565 32 704 15 20 ... ... ... 704 15 22

Education

11 years or less ................. 1,989 14 *329 *17 *9 ... ... ... *310 *16 *9

12 years ....................... 5,067 36 1,201 24 34 *340 *7 *34 1,127 22 34

1 to 3 years college .............. 3,174 22 864 27 25 *253 *8 *26 784 25 24

4 years college or more ........... 4,003 28 1,127 28 32 *336 *8 *34 1,053 26 32

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated

in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban areas who participated, etc.). Percent columns show the percent of each column’s

participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of those who participated who live in urban areas, etc.).
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 39

Table 31. Expenditures in Florida by State Residents and Nonresidents Combined for Wildlife Watching:

2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures

(thousands

of dollars)

Average per

participant

(dollars)

Spenders

Number

(thousands)

Percent of

wildlife-watching

participants1

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Total, all items....................................... 3,081,496 720 3,347 79 921

TRIP EXPENDITURES

Total trip-related ..................................... 887,942 560 1,369 88 648

Food and lodging ................................... 565,177 362 1,245 80 454

Food............................................ 265,921 170 1,210 78 220

Lodging ......................................... 299,256 192 527 34 568

Transportation ...................................... 264,052 160 1,224 78 216

Other trip costs2 .................................... 58,713 38 646 41 91

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES

Total ............................................... 2,193,554 514 2,496 59 879

Wildlife-watching equipment, total...................... 353,046 81 2,133 50 165

Binoculars, spotting scopes ........................... *29,491 *7 *263 *6 *112

Film and developing ................................. 43,990 10 643 15 68

Cameras, special lenses, video cameras, and other

photographic equipment ............................. 129,906 30 472 11 275

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing ........... *8,092 *2 *127 *3 *64

Bird food .......................................... 82,684 20 1,450 34 57

Food for other wildlife ............................... 31,278 7 604 14 52

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths....... 26,456 6 601 14 44

Other equipment (including field guides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Auxiliary equipment3 .................................. *24,159 *6 *223 *5 *108

Special equipment4 .................................... *1,352,947 *319 *179 *4 *7,553

Magazines and books .................................. 23,979 5 463 11 52

Membership dues and contributions....................... *32,305 *8 *375 *9 *86

Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Plantings ............................................ 42,691 10 448 11 95

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the

percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 4 Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
40 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 32. Trip and Equipment Expenditures in Florida for Wildlife Watching by Florida Residents and

Nonresidents: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Average per

participant

(dollars)

STATE RESIDENTS AND NONRESIDENTS

Total ................................................. 2,618,094 3,156 830 612

Food and lodging ..................................... 565,177 1,245 454 362

Transportation........................................ 264,052 1,224 216 160

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 58,713 646 91 38

Equipment2

.......................................... 1,730,152 2,286 757 406

STATE RESIDENTS

Total ................................................. 1,970,036 2,340 842 560

Food and lodging ..................................... 153,235 574 267 188

Transportation........................................ 78,786 613 128 78

Other trip costs1 ...................................... *22,968 *384 *60 *28

Equipment2.......................................... 1,715,047 2,113 812 491

NONRESIDENTS

Total ................................................. 648,058 816 794 857

Food and lodging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411,942 670 614 552

Transportation........................................ 185,266 611 303 248

Other trip costs1 ...................................... 35,746 262 137 48

Equipment2

.......................................... *15,105 *173 *87 *9

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

1 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use, private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 2 Includes wildlife watching, auxiliary, and special equipment.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse. See Table 33 for a detailed listing of expenditure items.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 41

Table 33. Wildlife-Watching Expenditures Both Inside and Outside Florida by Florida Residents: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item Expenditures

(thousands

of dollars)

Average per

participant

(dollars)

Spenders

Number

(thousands)

Percent of

wildlife-watching

participants1

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Total, all items....................................... 3,238,334 920 2,525 72 1,283

TRIP EXPENDITURES

Total trip-related ..................................... 455,521 461 735 74 620

Food and lodging ................................... 266,651 270 673 68 396

Food............................................ 158,995 161 651 66 244

Lodging ......................................... *107,655 *109 *323 *33 *333

Transportation ...................................... 159,290 161 663 67 240

Other trip costs2 .................................... 29,580 30 400 41 74

EQUIPMENT AND OTHER EXPENDITURES

Total ............................................... 2,782,814 791 2,291 65 1,215

Wildlife-watching equipment, total...................... 359,159 102 2,003 57 179

Binoculars, spotting scopes ........................... *28,467 *8 *250 *7 *114

Film and developing ................................. 39,936 11 586 17 68

Cameras, special lenses, videocameras, and other

photographic equipment ............................. 136,935 39 497 14 275

Day packs, carrying cases, and special clothing . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Bird food .......................................... 83,777 24 1,472 42 57

Food for other wildlife ............................... 30,993 9 601 17 52

Nest boxes, bird houses, bird feeders, and bird baths....... 27,318 8 578 16 47

Other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Auxiliary equipment3 .................................. *26,458 *8 *240 *7 *110

Special equipment4 .................................... *1,909,674 *543 *208 *6 *9,183

Magazines and books .................................. 20,252 6 436 12 46

Membership dues and contributions....................... *35,053 *10 *362 *10 *97

Land leasing and ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ... ...

Plantings ............................................ 42,691 12 448 13 95

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

1 Percent of wildlife-watching participants column for trip-related expenditures is based on away-from-home participants. For equipment and other expenditures, the

percent of wildlife-watching participants column is based on total wildlife-watching participants. 2 Includes equipment rental and fees for guides, pack trips, public land use and private land use, boat fuel, other boating costs, and heating and cooking fuel. 3 Includes tents, tarps, frame packs and other backpacking equipment, other camping equipment, and other auxiliary equipment. 4 Includes travel or tent trailers, off-the-road vehicles, pickups, campers or vans, motor homes, boats, and other special equipment.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
42 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 34. In-State and Out-of-State Expenditures by Florida Residents for Wildlife Watching: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older)

Expenditure item

Amount

(thousands

of dollars)

Spenders

(thousands)

Average per

spender

(dollars)

Average per

participant

(dollars)

IN FLORIDA

Expenditures for wildlife watching, total .................. 2,428,218 2,484 978 695

Trip-related expenditures............................... 254,989 660 387 313

Wildlife-watching equipment............................ 338,461 1,969 172 97

Auxiliary equipment .................................. *23,639 *215 *110 *7

Special equipment .................................... *1,352,947 *179 *7,553 *387

Other............................................... 458,182 841 545 131

OUT OF STATE

Expenditures for wildlife watching, total .................. 809,722 401 2,020 902

Trip-related expenditures............................... *200,532 *196 *1,024 *844

Wildlife-watching equipment............................ *20,303 *155 *131 *48

Auxiliary equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Special equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: See Table 33 for detailed listing of expenditure items.

Table 35. Participation of Florida Resident Wildlife-Watching Participants in Fishing and Hunting: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participants

Total

wildlife watchers

Wildlife-watching activity

Away from home Around the home

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total participants.......................... 3,520 100 988 100 3,274 100

Wildlife-watching participants who:

Did not fish or hunt ....................... 2,622 74 532 54 2,483 76

Fished or hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 26 457 46 791 24

Fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 25 452 46 771 24

Hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 4 *96 *10 140 4

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.

Table 36. Participation of Florida Resident Sportspersons in Wildlife-Watching Activities: 2006

(State population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Sportspersons

Sportspersons Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total sportspersons ............................. 2,004 100 1,950 100 325 100

Sportspersons who:

Did not engage in wildlife-watching activities ...... 1,106 55 1,075 55 171 53

Engaged in wildlife-watching activities. . . . . . . . . . . . 898 45 874 45 154 47

Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 23 452 23 *96 *29

Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 39 771 40 140 43

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses and nonresponse.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 43

Table 37. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation by State Residents Both Inside and Outside

Their Resident State: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Participant’s state of residence

Population

Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching

participants

Number

Percent of

population Number

Percent of

population Number

Percent of

population

United States, total........... 229,245 87,465 38 33,916 15 71,132 31

Alabama ...................... 3,550 1,417 40 707 20 1,006 28

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 288 58 149 30 207 42

Arizona ....................... 4,585 1,233 27 418 9 988 22

Arkansas...................... 2,156 1,082 50 551 26 859 40

California ..................... 27,299 6,804 25 1,783 7 5,799 21

Colorado ...................... 3,605 1,735 48 593 16 1,459 40

Connecticut.................... 2,735 1,223 45 297 11 1,102 40

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 256 38 85 13 212 32

Florida ....................... 14,233 4,626 33 2,004 14 3,520 25

Georgia ....................... 6,910 2,415 35 1,161 17 1,819 26

Hawaii ....................... 1,014 227 22 100 10 160 16

Idaho......................... 1,102 564 51 259 24 432 39

Illinois........................ 9,767 2,886 30 1,109 11 2,355 24

Indiana ....................... 4,799 2,279 47 822 17 1,825 38

Iowa ......................... 2,339 1,306 56 518 22 1,111 48

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,110 979 46 425 20 787 37

Kentucky ..................... 3,260 1,667 51 670 21 1,341 41

Louisiana ..................... 3,433 1,106 32 678 20 712 21

Maine ........................ 1,074 717 67 266 25 600 56

Maryland ..................... 4,333 1,549 36 521 12 1,334 31

Massachusetts.................. 5,032 1,931 38 472 9 1,725 34

Michigan...................... 7,804 3,651 47 1,371 18 2,947 38

Minnesota ..................... 4,021 2,480 62 1,280 32 1,946 48

Mississippi .................... 2,214 896 40 537 24 618 28

Missouri ...................... 4,521 2,496 55 1,096 24 2,059 46

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 510 68 232 31 412 55

Nebraska...................... 1,359 552 41 234 17 438 32

Nevada ....................... 1,895 530 28 182 10 420 22

New Hampshire ................ 1,044 527 51 141 14 471 45

New Jersey .................... 6,734 1,826 27 562 8 1,537 23

New Mexico................... 1,500 601 40 224 15 490 33

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 4,103 27 1,236 8 3,548 24

North Carolina ................. 6,719 2,816 42 1,038 15 2,267 34

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 232 46 145 29 134 26

Ohio ......................... 8,889 4,022 45 1,488 17 3,379 38

Oklahoma ..................... 2,743 1,372 50 602 22 1,082 39

Oregon ....................... 2,889 1,531 53 550 19 1,266 44

Pennsylvania................... 9,793 4,165 43 1,415 14 3,638 37

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 355 42 86 10 312 37

South Carolina ................. 3,315 1,283 39 595 18 943 28

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 327 54 136 23 266 44

Tennessee ..................... 4,699 2,287 49 775 16 1,966 42

Texas......................... 17,076 5,481 32 2,668 16 4,111 24

Utah ......................... 1,808 764 42 351 19 574 32

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 311 62 91 18 279 55

Virginia ....................... 5,893 2,500 42 857 15 2,126 36

Washington.................... 4,980 2,315 46 764 15 2,007 40

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,458 735 50 364 25 585 40

Wisconsin ..................... 4,350 2,217 51 1,185 27 1,710 39

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 229 57 113 28 194 48

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in

Appendix D.
44 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 38. Anglers and Hunters by Sportsperson’s State of Residence: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Sportsperson’s state

of residence

Population

Fished or hunted Fished only Hunted only Fished and hunted

Number

Percent of

population Number

Percent of

population Number

Percent of

population Number

Percent of

population

United States, total..... 229,245 33,916 15 21,406 9 3,964 2 8,546 4

Alabama ................ 3,550 707 20 395 11 79 2 233 7

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 149 30 94 19 *11 *2 44 9

Arizona ................. 4,585 418 9 290 6 48 1 81 2

Arkansas................ 2,156 551 26 244 11 88 4 220 10

California ............... 27,299 1,783 7 1,465 5 *94 *(Z) 223 1

Colorado ................ 3,605 593 16 460 13 *39 *1 94 3

Connecticut.............. 2,735 297 11 257 9 ... ... 34 1

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 85 13 64 10 *9 *1 12 2

Florida ................. 14,233 2,004 14 1,678 12 *54 *(Z) 271 2

Georgia ................. 6,910 1,161 17 805 12 *101 *1 255 4

Hawaii ................. 1,014 100 10 81 8 ... ... *14 *1

Idaho................... 1,102 259 24 136 12 *36 *3 88 8

Illinois.................. 9,767 1,109 11 837 9 *74 *1 198 2

Indiana ................. 4,799 822 17 569 12 83 2 171 4

Iowa ................... 2,339 518 22 308 13 70 3 141 6

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,110 425 20 233 11 56 3 136 6

Kentucky ............... 3,260 670 21 410 13 *49 *1 212 7

Louisiana ............... 3,433 678 20 403 12 *81 *2 195 6

Maine .................. 1,074 266 25 120 11 40 4 106 10

Maryland ............... 4,333 521 12 370 9 46 1 105 2

Massachusetts............ 5,032 472 9 406 8 *20 *(Z) 46 1

Michigan................ 7,804 1,371 18 650 8 272 3 449 6

Minnesota ............... 4,021 1,280 32 745 19 *138 *3 398 10

Mississippi .............. 2,214 537 24 293 13 *58 *3 186 8

Missouri ................ 4,521 1,096 24 536 12 165 4 394 9

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 232 31 86 11 53 7 92 12

Nebraska................ 1,359 234 17 129 10 42 3 63 5

Nevada ................. 1,895 182 10 122 6 26 1 34 2

New Hampshire .......... 1,044 141 14 89 9 *17 *2 35 3

New Jersey .............. 6,734 562 8 478 7 *32 *(Z) 53 1

New Mexico............. 1,500 224 15 152 10 34 2 38 3

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,990 1,236 8 734 5 207 1 295 2

North Carolina ........... 6,719 1,038 15 734 11 *74 *1 230 3

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 145 29 59 12 40 8 47 9

Ohio ................... 8,889 1,488 17 1,011 11 195 2 282 3

Oklahoma ............... 2,743 602 22 370 13 *55 *2 177 6

Oregon ................. 2,889 550 19 331 11 67 2 152 5

Pennsylvania............. 9,793 1,415 14 482 5 425 4 508 5

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 842 86 10 73 9 ... ... *10 *1

South Carolina ........... 3,315 595 18 429 13 *48 *1 119 4

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 601 136 23 46 8 41 7 50 8

Tennessee ............... 4,699 775 16 491 10 *67 *1 217 5

Texas................... 17,076 2,668 16 1,672 10 324 2 672 4

Utah ................... 1,808 351 19 197 11 38 2 116 6

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 91 18 34 7 20 4 37 7

Virginia ................. 5,893 857 15 497 8 127 2 233 4

Washington.............. 4,980 764 15 577 12 74 1 113 2

West Virginia ............ 1,458 364 25 165 11 58 4 141 10

Wisconsin ............... 4,350 1,185 27 534 12 160 4 492 11

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 113 28 61 15 *15 *4 37 9

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably. (Z) Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in Appendix D.

Table includes state residents’ participation both inside and outside their resident state.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 45

Table 39. Participation in Wildlife-Associated Recreation in Each State by Both Residents and

Nonresidents of the State: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

State where activity took place

Total participants Sportspersons Wildlife-watching participants

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

United States, total........... 87,465 100 33,916 39 71,132 81

Alabama ...................... 1,719 100 962 56 1,161 68

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 100 315 46 496 72

Arizona ....................... 1,546 100 493 32 1,277 83

Arkansas...................... 1,419 100 790 56 1,011 71

California ..................... 7,385 100 1,814 25 6,270 85

Colorado ...................... 2,234 100 813 36 1,819 81

Connecticut.................... 1,332 100 309 23 1,170 88

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 100 189 48 285 72

Florida ....................... 5,886 100 2,815 48 4,240 72

Georgia ....................... 2,773 100 1,308 47 1,987 72

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 100 162 44 262 72

Idaho......................... 1,005 100 440 44 754 75

Illinois........................ 3,126 100 1,004 32 2,566 82

Indiana ....................... 2,610 100 886 34 2,042 78

Iowa ......................... 1,455 100 552 38 1,205 83

Kansas ....................... 1,107 100 544 49 816 74

Kentucky ..................... 1,906 100 820 43 1,475 77

Louisiana ..................... 1,221 100 769 63 738 60

Maine ........................ 1,007 100 411 41 801 80

Maryland ..................... 1,867 100 707 38 1,491 80

Massachusetts.................. 2,205 100 532 24 1,919 87

Michigan...................... 4,217 100 1,685 40 3,227 77

Minnesota ..................... 2,970 100 1,571 53 2,093 70

Mississippi .................... 1,138 100 656 58 731 64

Missouri ...................... 2,876 100 1,300 45 2,248 78

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950 100 378 40 755 79

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 100 259 40 490 75

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 100 177 22 686 87

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 100 258 31 710 85

New Jersey .................... 2,100 100 696 33 1,713 82

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947 100 316 33 787 83

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,595 100 1,428 31 3,852 84

North Carolina ................. 3,412 100 1,361 40 2,641 77

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 100 190 68 148 53

Ohio ......................... 4,247 100 1,488 35 3,489 82

Oklahoma ..................... 1,472 100 684 46 1,110 75

Oregon ....................... 1,837 100 661 36 1,484 81

Pennsylvania................... 4,663 100 1,520 33 3,947 85

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 100 163 31 436 83

South Carolina ................. 1,653 100 893 54 1,115 67

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 100 251 44 432 75

Tennessee ..................... 2,824 100 969 34 2,362 84

Texas......................... 6,029 100 2,940 49 4,225 70

Utah ......................... 1,132 100 437 39 877 77

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545 100 150 27 468 86

Virginia ....................... 2,866 100 1,045 36 2,312 81

Washington.................... 2,739 100 818 30 2,331 85

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 100 488 49 743 75

Wisconsin ..................... 2,913 100 1,582 54 2,039 70

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762 100 264 35 643 84

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in

Appendix D.
46 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table 40. Anglers and Hunters by State Where Fishing or Hunting Took Place: 2006

(Population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

State where fishing

or hunting took place

Anglers Hunters

Total anglers,

residents and

nonresidents

Residents Nonresidents

Total hunters,

residents and

nonresidents

Residents Nonresidents

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

United States, total..... 29,952 100 27,641 92 6,494 22 12,510 100 11,971 96 1,826 15

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 806 100 600 74 206 26 391 100 310 79 81 21

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 100 137 47 156 53 71 100 53 75 ... ...

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 100 330 78 92 22 159 100 126 79 *33 *21

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 100 430 66 225 34 354 100 301 85 *53 *15

California ............... 1,730 100 1,578 91 152 9 281 100 274 97 ... ...

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 100 490 74 171 26 259 100 126 49 134 51

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 100 251 83 51 17 38 100 36 96 ... ...

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 100 66 41 *94 *59 42 100 19 46 ... ...

Florida ................. 2,767 100 1,881 68 885 32 236 100 214 91 *22 *9

Georgia ................. 1,107 100 971 88 136 12 481 100 344 72 136 28

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 100 92 58 *65 *42 18 100 18 98 ... ...

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 100 206 59 144 41 187 100 122 65 65 35

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 100 795 91 78 9 316 100 258 82 *58 *18

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 100 663 86 106 14 272 100 237 87 *35 *13

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438 100 397 91 *40 *9 251 100 208 83 *44 *17

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 100 319 79 85 21 271 100 183 68 88 32

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 100 580 80 141 20 291 100 241 83 *50 *17

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702 100 590 84 112 16 270 100 241 89 ... ...

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 100 220 63 131 37 175 100 146 83 *29 *17

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 100 403 62 242 38 161 100 133 83 *28 *17

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . 497 100 398 80 99 20 73 100 57 79 *16 *21

Michigan................ 1,394 100 1,077 77 318 23 753 100 721 96 *32 *4

Minnesota ............... 1,427 100 1,108 78 319 22 535 100 509 95 *26 *5

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 100 465 85 80 15 304 100 238 78 *66 *22

Missouri ................ 1,076 100 871 81 206 19 608 100 540 89 69 11

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 100 172 59 119 41 197 100 145 74 *52 *26

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 100 169 85 *29 *15 118 100 102 86 ... ...

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 100 114 81 *27 *19 63 100 54 85 ... ...

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . 230 100 108 47 122 53 61 100 51 85 *9 *15

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 100 458 70 197 30 89 100 72 81 ... ...

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 100 164 66 *84 *34 99 100 66 67 *32 *33

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,153 100 932 81 221 19 566 100 491 87 75 13

North Carolina ........... 1,263 100 868 69 395 31 304 100 277 91 *27 *9

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 100 88 84 ... ... 128 100 86 67 *42 *33

Ohio ................... 1,256 100 1,145 91 112 9 500 100 467 93 ... ...

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 100 525 86 86 14 251 100 224 89 *27 *11

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 100 455 79 122 21 237 100 218 92 ... ...

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . 994 100 830 83 164 17 1,044 100 933 89 111 11

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 100 76 48 82 52 14 100 12 84 ... ...

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . 810 100 527 65 283 35 208 100 159 77 *49 *23

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 100 89 66 45 34 171 100 89 52 81 48

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 100 658 75 214 25 329 100 265 81 *64 *19

Texas................... 2,527 100 2,308 91 218 9 1,101 100 979 89 123 11

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 100 288 77 87 23 166 100 144 86 *23 *14

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 100 64 56 50 44 73 100 56 76 *17 *24

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 100 640 75 218 25 413 100 353 86 *60 *14

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 100 641 87 95 13 182 100 179 98 ... ...

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 100 291 77 86 23 269 100 194 72 *75 *28

Wisconsin ............... 1,394 100 1,014 73 381 27 697 100 649 93 *48 *7

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 100 96 47 107 53 102 100 50 49 52 51

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. U.S. totals include responses from participants residing in the District of Columbia, as described in

Appendix D.
Appendix A
48 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Annual household income—Total 

2006 income of household members 

before taxes and other deductions.

Around-the-home wildlife 

watching—Activity within 1 mile of 

home with one of six primary purposes: 

(1) taking special interest in or trying 

to identify birds or other wildlife; (2) 

photographing wildlife; (3) feeding 

birds or other wildlife; (4) maintaining 

natural areas of at least 1/4 acre for 

the benefi t of wildlife; (5) maintaining 

plantings (such as shrubs and agricultural crops) for the benefi t of wildlife; 

and (6) visiting public land to observe, 

photograph, or feed wildlife.

Auxiliary equipment—Equipment 

owned primarily for wildlife- associated 

recreation. For the sportspersons 

section, these include sleeping bags, 

packs, duffel bags, tents, binoculars 

and fi eld glasses, special fi shing and 

hunting clothing, foul weather gear, 

boots and waders, maintenance and 

repair of equipment, and processing 

and taxidermy costs. For the wildlifewatching section, these include tents, 

tarps, frame packs, backpacking and 

other camping equipment, and blinds.

Away-from-home wildlife watching—

Trips or outings at least 1 mile from 

home for the primary purpose of 

observing, photographing, or feeding 

wildlife. Trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums, and museums are not included. 

Big game—Bear, deer, elk, moose, 

wild turkey, and similar large animals 

that are hunted.

Census Divisions

East North Central

Illinois

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

Wisconsin

East South Central

Alabama

Kentucky

Mississippi

Tennessee

Middle Atlantic

New Jersey

New York

Pennsylvania

Mountain

Arizona

Colorado

Idaho

Montana

Nevada

New Mexico

Utah

Wyoming

New England

Connecticut

Maine

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Rhode Island

Vermont

Pacifi c

Alaska

California

Hawaii

Oregon

Washington

South Atlantic

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida

Georgia

Maryland

North Carolina

South Carolina

Virginia

West Virginia

West North Central

Kansas

Iowa

Minnesota

Missouri

Nebraska

North Dakota

South Dakota

West South Central

Arkansas

Louisiana

Oklahoma

Texas

Day—Any part of a day spent participating in a given activity. For example, 

if someone hunted two hours one day 

and three hours another day, it would 

be reported as two days of hunting. 

If someone hunted two hours in the 

morning and three hours in the afternoon of the same day, it would be 

considered one day of hunting.

Education—The highest completed 

grade of school or year of college.

Expenditures—Money spent in 2006 

for wildlife-related recreation trips 

in the United States, wildlife-related 

recreational equipment purchased in 

the United States, and other items. The 

“other items” were books and magazines, membership dues and contributions, land leasing or owning, hunting 

and fi shing licenses, and plantings, 

all for the purpose of wildlife-related 

recreation. Expenditures included 

both money spent by participants for 

themselves and the value of gifts they 

received.

Fishing—The sport of catching or 

attempting to catch fi sh with a hook 

and line, bow and arrow, or spear; it 

also includes catching or gathering 

shellfi sh (clams, crabs, etc.); and the 

noncommercial seining or netting 

of fi sh, unless the fi sh are for use as 

bait. For example, seining for smelt is 

fi shing, but seining for bait minnows is 

not included as fi shing. 

Appendix A. 

Defi nitions
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 49

Fishing equipment—Items owned 

primarily for fi shing:

 Rods, reels, poles, and rod-making 

components

 Lines and leaders

 Artifi cial lures, fl ies, baits, and 

dressing for fl ies or lines

 Hooks, sinkers, swivels, and other 

items attached to a line, except lures 

and baits

 Tackle boxes

 Creels, stringers, fi sh bags, landing 

nets, and gaff hooks

 Minnow traps, seines, and bait 

containers

 Depth fi nders, fi sh fi nders, and other 

electronic fi shing devices

 Ice fi shing equipment

 Other fi shing equipment

Freshwater—Reservoirs, lakes, ponds, 

and the nontidal portions of rivers and 

streams.

Great Lakes fi shing—Fishing in Lakes 

Superior, Michigan, Huron, St. Clair, 

Erie, and Ontario, their connecting 

waters such as the St. Mary’s River 

system, Detroit River, St. Clair River, 

and the Niagara River, and the St. 

Lawrence River south of the bridge 

at Cornwall, New York. Great Lakes 

fi shing includes fi shing in tributaries of 

the Great Lakes for smelt, steelhead, 

and salmon. 

Home—The starting point of a 

wi ldlife-related recreational trip. It may 

be a permanent residence or a temporary or seasonal residence such as a 

cabin. 

Hunting—The sport of shooting or 

attempting to shoot wildlife with fi rearms or archery equipment.

Hunting equipment—Items owned 

primarily for hunting:

 Rifl es, shotguns, muzzleloaders, and 

handguns

 Archery equipment

 Telescopic sights

 Decoys and game calls

 Ammunition

 Hand-loading equipment

 Hunting dogs and associated costs

 Other hunting equipment

Land leasing and owning—Leasing 

or owning land either singly or in 

cooperation with others for the primary 

purpose of fi shing, hunting, or wildlife 

watching on it.

Maintain natural areas—To set aside 

1/4 acre or more of natural environment, such as wood lots or open fi elds, 

for the primary purpose of benefi ting 

wildlife. This is categorized as a 

wildlif e-watching activity, not fi shing 

or hunting. 

Maintain plantings—To introduce 

or encourage the growth of food and 

cover plants for the primary purpose 

of benefi ting wildlife. Examples of 

plantings are butterfl y bushes and 

various sumacs. This is categorized as 

a wildlife-watching activity, not fi shing 

or hunting. 

Metropolitan statistical ar ea 

(MSA)—Except in the New England 

States, an MSA is a county or group of 

contiguous counties containing at least 

one city of 50,000 or more inhabitants 

or twin cities (i.e., cities with contiguous boundaries and constituting, for 

general social and economic purposes, 

a single community) with a combined 

population of at least 50,000. Also 

included in an MSA are contiguous 

counties that are socially and economically integrated with the central city. 

In the New England States, an MSA 

consists of towns and cities instead of 

counties. Each MSA must include at 

least one central city. See U.S. Census 

Bureau publication State and Metropolitan Area Data Book; 2006 for more 

detailed information on MSAs. It can 

be found at <http://www.census.gov

/prod/2006pubs/smadb/smadb-06.pdf>.

Migratory birds—Birds that regularly 

migrate from one region or climate to 

another such as ducks, geese, and doves 

and other birds that may be hunted. 

Multiple responses—The term used 

to refl ect the fact that individuals or 

their characteristics fall into more than 

one reporting category. An example 

of a big game hunter who hunted for 

deer and elk demonstrates the effect of 

multiple responses. In this case, adding 

the number of deer hunters (one) and 

elk hunters (one) would overstate the 

number of big game hunters (one) 

because deer and elk hunters are not 

mutually exclusive categories. In 

contrast, total participants is the sum of 

male and female participants, because 

“male” and “female” are mutually 

exclusive categories.

Nonresidents—Individuals who do 

not live in the State being reported. 

For example, a person living in Texas 

who watches whales in California is 

a nonresidential wildlife-watcher in 

California.

Nonresponse—A term used to refl ect 

the fact that some Survey respondents 

provide incomplete sets of information. For example, a Survey respondent 

may have been unable to identify the 

primary type of hunting for which a 

gun was bought. Total hunting expenditure estimates will include the gun 

purchase, but it will not appear as 

spending for big game or any other 

type of hunting. Nonresponses result in 

reported totals that are greater than the 

sum of their parts. 

Observe—To take special interest in 

or try to identify birds, fi sh, or other 

wildlife. 

Other animals—Coyotes, crows, 

foxes, groundhogs, prairie dogs, 

raccoons, and similar animals that can 

be legally hunted and are not classifi ed 

as big game, small game, or migratory birds. They may be classifi ed as 

unprotected or predatory animals by the 

State in which they are hunted. Feral 

pigs are classifi ed as “other animals” in 

all States except Hawaii, where they are 

considered big game. 

Participants—Individuals who engage 

in fi shing, hunting, or a wildlifewatching activity. Unless otherwise 

stated, a person has to have hunted, 

fi shed, or wildlife watched in 2006 to 

be considered a participant.

Plantings—See “Maintain plantings.”

Primary purpose—The principal 

motivation for an activity, trip, or 

expenditure.

Private land—Land that is owned by a 

private individual, group of individuals, 

or nongovernmental organization.

Public land—Land that is owned by 

local governments (such as county 

parks and municipal watersheds), State 
50 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

governments (such as State parks and 

wildlife management areas), or federal 

governments (such as National Forests 

and Wildlife Refuges).

Public parks or areas—See “Public 

land.” 

Residents—Individuals who lived in 

the State being reported. For example, 

a person who lives in California and 

watches whales in California is a residential wildlife watcher in California. 

Rural—All territory, population, 

and housing units located outside of 

urbanized areas and urban clusters, as 

determined by the Census Bureau.

Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays and 

sounds, and the tidal portions of rivers 

and streams.

Screening interviews—The fi rst 

Survey contact with a sample household. Screening interviews are 

conducted with a household representative to identify respondents who 

are eligible for in-depth interviews. 

Screening interviews gather data such 

as age and sex about individuals in the 

households. Further information on 

screening interviews is available on 

page vii in the “Survey Background 

and Method” section of this report.

Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail, 

rabbits, squirrels, and similar small 

animals for which States have small 

game seasons and bag limits.

Special equipment—Big-ticket equipment items that are owned primarily for 

wildlife-related recreation:

 Bass boats

 Other types of motorboats

 Canoes and other types of nonmotorboats

 Boat motors, boat trailer/hitches, 

and other boat accessories

 Pickups, campers, vans, travel or 

tent trailers, motor homes, house 

trailers, recreational vehicles (RVs)

 Cabins

 Off-the-road vehicles such as trail 

bikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs), 

dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4 

vehicles, and snowmobiles

 Other special equipment 

Spenders—People who spent money 

on fi shing, hunting, or wildlifewatching activities or equipment. 

Sportspersons—Individuals who 

engage in fi shing, hunting, or both.

Trip—An outing involving fi shing, 

hunting, or wildlife watching. A trip 

may begin from an individual’s principal residence or from another place, 

such as a vacation home or the home 

of a relative. A trip may last an hour, a 

day, or many days. 

Type of fi shing—There are three 

types of fi shing: (1) freshwater except 

Great Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3) 

saltwater.

Type of hunting—There are four types 

of hunting: (1) big game, (2) small 

game, (3) migratory bird, and (4) other 

animal.

Unspecifi ed expenditure—An item 

that was purchased for use in both 

fi shing and hunting, rather than 

primarily one or the other. Auxiliary 

equipment, special equipment, magazines and books, and membership dues 

and contributions are the items for 

which a purchase could be categorized 

as “unspecifi ed.” 

Urban—All territory, population, and 

housing units located within boundaries 

that encompass densely settled territory, 

consisting of core census block groups 

or blocks that have a population density 

of at least 1,000 people per square mile 

and surrounding census blocks that 

have an overall density of at least 500 

people per square mile. Under certain 

conditions, less densely settled territory 

may be included, as determined by the 

Census Bureau. 

Wildlife—Animals, such as birds, fi sh, 

insects, mammals, amphibians, and 

reptiles that are living in natural or wild 

environments. Wildlife does not include 

animals living in aquariums, zoos, 

and other artifi cial surroundings or 

domestic animals such as farm animals 

or pets.

Wildlife-associated recreation—

Recreational fi shing, hunting, and 

wildlife watching. 

Wildlife watching—There are six 

types of wildlife watching: (1) closely 

observing, (2) photographing, (3) 

feeding, (4) visiting public parks or 

areas, (5) maintaining plantings, and 

(6) maintaining natural areas. These 

activities must be the primary purpose 

of the trip or the around-the-home 

undertaking.

Wildlife observed, photographed, or 

fed—Examples of species that wildlife 

watchers observe, photograph, and/or 

feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirds 

such as cardinals, robins, warblers, 

jays, buntings, and sparrows; birds 

of prey such as hawks, owls, eagles, 

and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks, 

geese, and swans; other water birds 

such as shorebirds, herons, pelicans, 

and cranes; and other birds such as 

pheasants, turkeys, road runners, and 

woodpeckers; (2) Land mammals—

large land mammals such as bears, 

bison, deer, moose, and elk; and small 

land mammals such as squirrels, foxes, 

prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fish 

such as salmon, sharks, and groupers; 

(4) Marine mammals such as whales, 

dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Other 

wildlife such as butterfl ies, turtles, 

spiders, and snakes.

Wildlife-watching equipment—Items 

owned primarily for observing, photographing, or feeding wildlife:

 Binoculars and spotting scopes

 Cameras, video cameras, special 

lenses, and other photographic 

equipment

 Film and developing

 Commercially prepared and packaged wild bird food

 Other bulk food used to feed wild 

birds

 Food for other wildlife

 Nest boxes, bird houses, feeders, and 

baths

 Day packs, carrying cases, and 

special clothing

 Other items such as fi eld guides and 

maps
Appendix B
52 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

The 2006 National Survey of Fishing, 

Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated 

Recreation was carried out in two 

phases. The fi rst (or screening) phase 

began in April 2006. The main purpose 

of this phase was to collect information about all persons 16 years old and 

older in order to develop a sample of 

potential sportspersons and wildlife 

watchers for the second (or detailed) 

phase. Also, information was collected 

on the number of persons 6 to 15 years 

old who participated in wildlife-related 

recreation activities in 2005.

It is important to emphasize that the 

information reported from the 2006 

screen relates to activity only up to 

and including 2005. Also, these data 

are reported in most cases by one 

household respondent speaking for all 

household members rather than the 

actual participant. In addition, these 

data are based on long-term recall (at 

least a 12-month recall), which has 

been found in Survey research (Investigation of Possible Recall/ Reference 

Period Bias in National Surveys 

of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-

 Associated Recreation, December 

1989, Westat, Inc.) to add bias to the 

resulting estimates. In many cases, 

longer recall periods result in overestimating participation and expenditures 

for wildlife-related recreation.

Tables B-1 through B-4 report data on 

6-to-15-year-old participants in 2005. 

Detailed expenditure and recreational 

activity data were not gathered for the 

6-to-15-year-old participants.

Because of differences in methodologies of the screening and the detailed 

phases of the 2006 Survey, resulting 

estimates are not comparable. Only 

participants 16 years old and older 

were eligible for the detailed phase. 

The detailed phase was a series of three 

interviews conducted at four-month 

intervals. The screening interviews 

were one year or more recall. The 

shorter recall period of the detailed 

phase had better data accuracy. 

Appendix B.

2005 Participation of 6- to 15-Year-Olds: 

Data From Screening Interviews
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 53

Table B-1. Florida Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Fishing and Hunting Both Inside and

Outside Florida: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Sportspersons

Sportspersons 6 to 15 years old

Number Percent of

sportspersons

Percent of

population

Total sportspersons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 100 24

Total anglers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 98 24

Fished only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 91 22

Fished and hunted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *7 *2

Total hunters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *47 *9 *2

Hunted only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... ...

Hunted and fished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *38 *7 *2

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. Column showing percent of sportspersons is based on the ‘‘Total sportspersons’’ row. Column showing

percent of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not fish or hunt. Data reported on this table are from screening

interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12

months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in other countries.
54 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table B-2. Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Anglers and Hunters 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Population Sportspersons

(fished or hunted) Anglers Hunters

Number Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent

Total persons .............. 2,263 100 547 24 100 537 24 100 *47 *2 *100

Population Density of

Residence

Urban................... 1,910 84 403 21 74 394 21 73 *32 *2 *67

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 16 143 41 26 143 41 27 ... ... ...

Population Size of

Residence

Metropolitan statistical areas

(MSA) ................. 2,131 94 507 24 93 497 23 93 *41 *2 *87

1,000,000 or more ...... 1,443 64 313 22 57 307 21 57 ... ... ...

250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . 536 24 145 27 27 143 27 27 ... ... ...

Less than 250,000. . . . . . . 151 7 *48 *32 *9 *48 *32 *9 ... ... ...

Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Sex

Male ................... 1,121 50 366 33 67 361 32 67 *36 *3 *76

Female.................. 1,142 50 181 16 33 176 15 33 ... ... ...

Age

6 to 8 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 27 171 28 31 171 28 32 ... ... ...

9 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 29 135 21 25 133 21 25 ... ... ...

12 to 15 years............ 1,003 44 240 24 44 233 23 43 *31 *3 *67

Ethnicity

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 22 *54 *11 *10 *54 *11 *10 ... ... ...

Non-Hispanic ............ 1,769 78 492 28 90 483 27 90 *47 *3 *100

Race

White................... 1,612 71 489 30 89 480 30 89 *47 *3 *100

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 25 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Annual Household Income

Less than $10,000. . . . . . . . . *53 *2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . 241 11 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$20,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . 221 10 *59 *27 *11 *59 *27 *11 ... ... ...

$30,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . 321 14 *66 *21 *12 *66 *21 *12 ... ... ...

$40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . 187 8 *51 *27 *9 *51 *27 *9 ... ... ...

$50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . 328 14 107 33 20 101 31 19 ... ... ...

$75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 528 23 157 30 29 155 29 29 ... ... ...

Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 17 *74 *19 *14 *74 *19 *14 ... ... ...

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban

areas who fished, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of anglers

who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members

6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who fished or hunted only in

other countries.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 55

Table B-3. Florida Residents 6 to 15 Years Old Participating in Wildlife Watching Both Inside and

Outside Florida: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Participants Number

Percent of

participants

Percent of

population

Total participants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 100 29

Away from home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 36 10

Around the home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 95 27

Observe wildlife. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 81 23

Photograph wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 20 6

Feed wild birds or other wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 47 13

Maintain plantings or natural areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *98 *15 *4

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29.

Note: Detail does not add to total because of multiple responses. The column showing percent of participants is based on total participants. The column showing percent

of population is based on the state population 6 to 15 years old, including those who did not participate in wildlife watching. Data reported on this table are from

screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to

recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife watched only in other countries.
56 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table B-4. Selected Characteristics of Florida Resident Wildlife Watchers 6 to 15 Years Old: 2005

(State population 6 to 15 years old. Numbers in thousands)

Characteristic

Population Total wildlife watchers Away from home Around the home

Number Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent Number

Percent

who

participated Percent

Total persons .............. 2,263 100 645 29 100 232 10 100 611 27 100

Population Density of

Residence

Urban................... 1,910 84 523 27 81 191 10 83 496 26 81

Rural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 16 122 35 19 *40 *11 *17 115 33 19

Population Size of

Residence

Metropolitan statistical areas

(MSA) ................. 2,131 94 613 29 95 229 11 99 579 27 95

1,000,000 or more ...... 1,443 64 412 29 64 180 12 78 385 27 63

250,000 to 999,999. . . . . . 536 24 145 27 22 *29 *5 *13 138 26 23

Less than 250,000. . . . . . . 151 7 *56 *37 *9 ... ... ... *56 *37 *9

Outside MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Sex

Male ................... 1,121 50 298 27 46 103 9 44 287 26 47

Female.................. 1,142 50 347 30 54 129 11 56 324 28 53

Age

6 to 8 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 27 193 31 30 *60 *10 *26 189 31 31

9 to 11 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . 646 29 193 30 30 *60 *9 *26 184 29 30

12 to 15 years............ 1,003 44 259 26 40 111 11 48 238 24 39

Ethnicity

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494 22 102 21 16 ... ... ... *96 *19 *16

Non-Hispanic ............ 1,769 78 543 31 84 216 12 93 516 29 84

Race

White................... 1,612 71 524 32 81 176 11 76 497 31 81

Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568 25 *92 *16 *14 ... ... ... *92 *16 *15

All others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *83 *4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Annual Household Income

Less than $10,000. . . . . . . . . *53 *2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

$10,000 to $19,999. . . . . . . . 241 11 *64 *26 *10 ... ... ... *64 *26 *10

$20,000 to $29,999. . . . . . . . 221 10 *62 *28 *10 ... ... ... *60 *27 *10

$30,000 to $39,999. . . . . . . . 321 14 *91 *28 *14 ... ... ... *82 *25 *13

$40,000 to $49,999. . . . . . . . 187 8 *49 *26 *8 ... ... ... *49 *26 *8

$50,000 to $74,999. . . . . . . . 328 14 137 42 21 *64 *19 *28 131 40 21

$75,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . 528 23 177 34 27 *74 *14 *32 168 32 27

Not reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 17 *54 *14 *8 ... ... ... *47 *12 *8

* Estimate based on a sample size of 10–29. ... Sample size too small to report data reliably.

Note: Percent who participated shows the percent of each row’s population who participated in the activity named by the column (the percent of those living in urban

areas who wildlife watched, etc.). Remaining percent columns show the percent of each column’s participants who are described by the row heading (the percent of

wildlife watchers who lived in urban areas, etc.). Data reported on this table are from screening interviews in which one adult household member responded for

household members 6 to 15 years old. The screening interview required the respondent to recall 12 months’ worth of activity. Includes state residents who wildlife

watched only in other countries.
Appendix C
58 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

This appendix provides a description 

of data collection changes and national 

and regional trend information based 

on the 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 

Surveys. Since these four surveys used 

similar methodologies, their published 

information is directly comparable.

Signifi cant Methodological 

Differences

The most signifi cant design differences 

in the four surveys are as follows:

1. The 1991 Survey data were 

collected by interviewers fi lling 

out paper questionnaires. The data 

entries were keyed in a separate 

operation after the interview. The 

1996, 2001, and 2006 Survey 

data were collected by the use of 

computer-assisted interviews. The 

questionnaires were programmed 

into computers, and the interviewer 

keyed in the responses at the time 

of the interview.

2. The 1991 Survey screening phase 

was conducted in January and 

February 1991, when the sample 

households were contacted and a 

household respondent was interviewed on behalf of the entire 

household. The screening interviews for the 1996, 2001, and 

2006 Surveys were conducted 

April through June of their survey 

years in conjunction with the fi rst 

wave of the detailed interviews. 

The screening interviews for all 

four surveys consisted primarily 

of demographic questions and 

w ildlife-related recreation questions concerning activity in the 

previous year (1990, 1995, etc.) 

and intentions for recreating in the 

survey year.

In the 1991 Survey, an attempt was 

made to contact every sample person 

in all three detailed interview waves. In 

1996, 2001, and 2006, respondents who 

were interviewed in the fi rst detailed 

interview wave were not contacted 

again until the third wave. Also, all 

interviews in the second wave were 

conducted by telephone. In-person 

interviews were only conducted in the 

fi rst and third waves.

Section I. Important Instrument 

Changes in the 1996 Survey

1. The 1991 Survey collected information on all wildlife-related 

recreation purchases made by 

participants without reference to 

where the purchase was made. The 

1996 Survey asked in which state 

the purchase was made.

2. In 1991, respondents were asked 

what kind of fi shing they did, i.e., 

Great Lakes, other freshwater, or 

saltwater, and then were asked in 

what states they fi shed. In 1996, 

respondents were asked in which 

states they fi shed and then were 

asked what kind of fi shing they did. 

This method had the advantage of 

not asking about, for example, saltwater fi shing when they only fi shed 

in a noncoastal state.

3. In 1991, respondents were asked 

how many days they “actually” 

hunted or fi shed for a particular 

type of game or fi sh and then how 

many days they “chiefl y” hunted 

or fi shed for the same type of game 

or fi sh rather than another type of 

game or fi sh. To get total days of 

hunting or fi shing for a particular 

type of game or fi sh, the “actually” 

day response was used, while to 

get the sum of all days of hunting 

or fi shing, the “chiefl y” days were 

summed. In 1996, respondents 

were asked their total days of 

hunting or fi shing in the country 

and each state, then how many days 

they hunted or fi shed for a particular type of game or fi sh.

4. Trip-related and equipment expenditure categories were not the same 

for all Surveys. “Guide fee” and 

“Pack trip or package fee” were 

two separate trip-related expenditure items in 1991, while they 

were combined into one category 

in the 1996 Survey. “Boating costs” 

was added to the 1996 hunting 

and wildlife-watching trip-related 

expenditure sections. “Heating 

and cooking fuel” was added to 

all of the trip-related expenditure 

sections. “Spearfi shing equipment” 

was moved from a separate category to the “other” list. “Rods” and 

“Reels” were two separate categories in 1991 but were combined 

in 1996. “Lines, hooks, sinkers, 

etc.” was one category in 1991 

but split into “Lines” and “Hooks, 

sinkers, etc.” in 1996. “Food used 

to feed other wildlife” was added 

to the wildlife-watching equipment 

section; “Boats” and “Cabins” were 

added to the wildlife-watching 

special equipment section; and 

“Land leasing and ownership” was 

added to the wildlife-watching 

expenditures section.

5. Questions asking sportspersons if 

they participated as much as they 

wanted were added in 1996. If the 

sportspersons said no, they were 

asked why not.

6. The 1991 Survey included questions about participation in organized fi shing competitions; anglers 

using bows and arrows, nets or 

seines, or spearfi shing; hunters 

using pistols or handguns and target 

shooting in preparation for hunting. 

These questions were not asked in 

1996.

Appendix C. 

Signifi cant Methodological Changes From Previous 

Surveys and Regional Trends
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 59

7. The 1996 Survey included questions about catch and release 

fi shing and persons with disabilities 

participating in wildlife-related 

recreation. These questions were 

not part of the 1991 Survey. 

8. The 1991 Survey included questions about average distance 

traveled to recreation sites. These 

questions were not included in the 

1996 Survey.

9. The 1996 Survey included questions about the last trip the respondent took. Included were questions 

about the type of trip, where the 

activity took place, and the distance 

and direction to the site visited. 

These questions were not asked in 

1991.

10. The 1991 Survey collected data 

on hunting, fi shing, and wildlife 

watching by U.S. residents in 

Canada. The 1996 Survey collected 

data on fi shing and wildlife 

watching by U.S. residents in 

Canada.

Section II. Important Instrument 

Changes in the 2001 Survey

1. The 1991 and 1996 single-race 

category “Asian or Pacifi c Islander” 

was changed to two categories— 

“Asian” and “Native Hawaiian or 

Other Pacifi c Islander.” In 1991 and 

1996, the respondent was required 

to pick only one category, while in 

2001 the respondent could pick any 

combination of categories. The next 

question stipulated that the respondent could only be identifi ed with 

one category and then asked what 

that category was.

2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasing 

and ownership sections asked the 

respondent to combine the two 

types of land use into one and give 

total acreage and expenditures. In 

2001, the two types of land use 

were explored separately.

3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatching sections included questions on birdwatching for residential users only. The 2001 Survey 

added a question on birdwatching 

for nonresidential users. Also, questions on the use of birding life lists 

and how many species the respondent can identify were added.

4. “Recreational vehicles” was added 

to the sportspersons and wildlifewatchers special equipment section. 

“House trailer” was added to the 

sportspersons special equipment 

section.

5. Total personal income was asked 

in the detailed phase of the 1996 

Survey. This was changed to total 

household income in the 2001 

Survey.

6. A question was added to the triprelated expenditures section to 

ascertain how much of the total 

was spent in the respondent’s state 

of residence when the respondent 

participated in hunting, fi shing, or 

wildlife watching out of state.

7. Boating questions were added to 

the fi shing section. The respondent 

was asked about the extent of boat 

usage for the three types of fi shing.

8. The 1996 Survey included questions about the months residential 

wildlife watchers fed birds. These 

questions were not repeated in the 

2001 Survey.

9. The contingent valuation sections of 

the three types of wildlife-related 

recreation were altered, using an 

open-ended question format instead 

of the dichotomous choice format 

used in 1996.

Section III. Important Instrument 

Changes in the 2006 Survey 

1. A series of boating questions was 

added. The new questions dealt 

with anglers using motorboats and/

or non-motorboats, length of boat 

used most often, distance to boat 

launch used most often, needed 

improvements to facilities at the 

launch, whether or not the respondent completed a boating safety 

course, who the boater fi shed with 

most often, and the source and type 

of information the boater used for 

his or her fi shing.

2. Questions regarding catch and 

release fi shing were added. 

Whether or not the respondent 

caught and released fi sh and, if so, 

the percent of fi sh released.

3. The proportion of hunting 

done with a rifl e or shotgun, as 

contrasted with muzzleloader or 

archery equipment, was asked.

4. In the contingent valuation section, 

where the value of wildlife-related 

recreation was determined, two 

quality-variable questions were 

added: the average length of certain 

fi sh caught and whether a deer, 

elk, or moose was killed. Plus, the 

economic evaluation bid questions 

were rephrased, from “What is 

the most your [species] hunting in 

[State name] could have cost you 

per trip last year before you would 

NOT have gone [species] hunting 

at all in 2001, not even one trip, 

because it would have been too 

expensive?,” for the hunters, for 

example, to “What is the cost that 

would have prevented you from 

taking even one such trip in 2006? 

In other words, if the trip cost was 

below this amount, you would have 

gone [species] hunting in [State 

name], but if the trip cost was 

above this amount, you would not 

have gone.” 

5. Questions concerning hunting, 

fi shing, or wildlife watching in 

other countries were taken out of 

the Survey. 

6. Questions about the reasons for 

not going hunting or fi shing, or not 

going as much as expected, were 

deleted.

7. Disability of participants questions 

were taken out.

8. Determination of the types of sites 

for wildlife watching was discontinued.

9. The birding questions regarding 

the use of birding life lists and the 

ability to identify birds based on 

their sight or sounds were deleted.

10. Public transportation costs were 

divided into two sections, “public 

transportation by airplane” and 

“other public transportation, 

including trains, buses, and car 

rentals, etc.”
60 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

National and Regional Trends 

Fishing and Hunting

Comparing national hunting and 

fi shing estimates for 1991 to 2006 

fi nds participation declining over the 

entire time period. In 1991 and 1996, 

the number of people who hunted and 

fi shed remained essentially unchanged. 

In 2001, the number of sportspersons 

fell compared to the two previous 

survey estimates. In 2006, the number 

of anglers continued to decline and the 

number of hunters was stable. 

The amount of time people spent 

fi shing and hunting fl uctuated between 

1991 and 2006. The number of days 

spent fi shing rose 22 percent between 

1991 and 1996, fell 11 percent between 

1996 and 2001, and fell 7 percent 

further between 2001 and 2006. Days 

of hunting followed a similar pattern. 

Between 1991 and 1996, hunting days 

increased 9 percent (although this 

increase was not statistically signifi -

cant) but then fell 11 percent between 

1996 and 2001 and a further 4 percent 

(this was not statistically signifi cant 

either) between 2001 and 2006.

The amount of money spent for fi shing 

and hunting trips and equipment rose 

from 1991 to 1996, fell from 1996 to 

2001, and stayed level from 2001 to 

2006. The comparisons are in constant 

dollars.

Wildlife Watching

There were differing trend lines from 

1991 to 2006 for the two major types 

of wildlife watching. The number of 

overall wildlife watchers decreased 17 

percent from 1991 to 1996, increased 

5 percent from 1996 to 2001, and 

increased 8 percent from 2001 to 2006. 

Around-the-home wildlife watching, 

the most popular type of wildlife 

watching, led this trend with an 18 

percent drop from 1991 to 1996, a 4 

percent increase from 1996 to 2001, 

and an 8 percent increase from 2001 

to 2006. Away-from-home wildlife 

watching, on the other hand, dropped 

from 1991 to 2001 (21 percent from 

1991 to 1996 and 8 percent from 1996 

to 2001) and stayed level with a statistically insignifi cant 5 percent increase 

from 2001 to 2006. Days afi eld by 

away-from-home wildlife watchers 

were signifi cantly up from 1996 to 

2001 and statistically stable the other 

time periods. Overall expenditures for 

wildlife watching increased 21 percent 

from 1991 to 1996 and 16 percent from 

1996 to 2001 and decreased a statistically insignifi cant 7 percent from 2001 

to 2006.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 61

Table C-1a. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–1996

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991)

Participants, days, and expenditures 1991

(Number)

1996

(Number)

1991–1996

percent change

Hunting

Hunters, total ................................................... 14,063 13,975 –1*

Hunting days, total............................................... 235,806 256,676 9*

Hunting expenditures, total ........................................ $18,282,597 $26,224,069 43

Fishing

Anglers, total ................................................... 35,578 35,246 –1*

Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511,329 625,893 22

Fishing expenditures, total......................................... $35,553,365 $48,598,400 37

Wildlife Watching

Wildlife watchers, total ........................................... 76,111 62,868 –17

Around the home .............................................. 73,904 60,751 –18

Away from home .............................................. 29,999 23,652 –21

Wildlife-watching days, away from home ............................ 342,406 313,790 –8*

Wildlife-watching expenditures, total ................................ $27,402,180 $33,093,660 21

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.

Table C-1b. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1996–2001

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 1996 and 2001 expenditure categories made

comparable to 1991)

Participants, days, and expenditures 1996

(Number)

2001

(Number)

1996–2001

percent change

Hunting

Hunters, total ................................................... 13,975 13,034 –7

Hunting days, total............................................... 256,676 228,368 –11

Hunting expenditures, total ........................................ $26,224,069 $23,296,904 –11*

Fishing

Anglers, total ................................................... 35,246 34,071 –3

Fishing days, total ............................................... 625,893 557,394 –11

Fishing expenditures, total......................................... $48,598,400 $40,399,711 –17

Wildlife Watching

Wildlife watchers, total ........................................... 62,868 66,105 5

Around the home .............................................. 60,751 62,928 4

Away from home .............................................. 23,652 21,823 –8

Wildlife-watching days, away from home ............................ 313,790 372,006 19

Wildlife-watching expenditures, total ................................ $33,093,660 $38,453,190 16

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.
62 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table C-1c. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 2001–2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2001 and 2006 expenditure categories made

comparable to 1991)

Participants, days, and expenditures 2001

(Number)

2006

(Number)

2001–2006

percent change

Hunting

Hunters, total ................................................... 13,034 12,510 –4*

Hunting days, total............................................... 228,368 219,925 –4*

Hunting expenditures, total ........................................ $23,296,904 $22,644,048 –3*

Fishing

Anglers, total ................................................... 34,071 29,952 –12

Fishing days, total ............................................... 557,394 516,781 –7

Fishing expenditures, total......................................... $40,399,711 $42,042,188 4*

Wildlife Watching

Wildlife watchers, total ........................................... 66,105 71,132 8

Around the home .............................................. 62,928 67,756 8

Away from home .............................................. 21,823 22,977 5*

Wildlife-watching days, away from home ............................ 372,006 352,070 –5*

Wildlife-watching expenditures, total ................................ $38,453,190 $35,870,403 –7*

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.

Table C-1d. Comparison of Wildlife-Related Recreation in the United States: 1991–2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands. All expenditures in 2006 dollars. 2006 expenditure categories made comparable to 1991)

Participants, days, and expenditures 1991

(Number)

2006

(Number)

1991–2006

percent change

Hunting

Hunters, total ................................................... 14,063 12,510 –11

Hunting days, total............................................... 235,806 219,925 –7*

Hunting expenditures, total ........................................ $18,282,597 $22,644,048 24

Fishing

Anglers, total ................................................... 35,578 29,952 –16

Fishing days, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511,329 516,781 1*

Fishing expenditures, total......................................... $35,553,365 $42,042,188 18

Wildlife Watching

Wildlife watchers, total ........................................... 76,111 71,132 –7

Around the home .............................................. 73,904 67,756 –8

Away from home .............................................. 29,999 22,977 –23

Wildlife-watching days, away from home ............................ 342,406 352,070 3*

Wildlife-watching expenditures, total ................................ $27,402,180 $35,870,403 31

* Not different from zero at the 5 percent level of significance.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 63

Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006

(U.S. population 16 years old and older. Numbers in thousands)

Area and sportsperson

1991 1996 2001 2006

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

UNITED STATES

Total population .................... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100

Sportspersons ...................... 39,979 21 39,694 20 37,805 18 33,916 15

Anglers ......................... 35,578 19 35,246 17 34,067 16 29,952 13

Hunters ......................... 14,063 7 13,975 7 13,034 6 12,510 5

New England

Total population .................... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100

Sportspersons ...................... 1,658 16 1,673 16 1,504 14 1,353 12

Anglers ......................... 1,545 15 1,520 15 1,402 13 1,246 11

Hunters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 4 465 5 386 4 374 3

Middle Atlantic

Total population .................... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100

Sportspersons ...................... 4,508 15 4,192 14 3,810 13 3,214 10

Anglers ......................... 3,871 13 3,627 12 3,250 11 2,550 8

Hunters ......................... 1,746 6 1,453 5 1,633 5 1,520 5

East North Central

Total population .................... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100

Sportspersons ...................... 7,202 22 6,912 21 6,400 19 5,975 17

Anglers ......................... 6,264 19 6,006 18 5,655 17 5,190 15

Hunters ......................... 2,789 9 2,712 8 2,421 7 2,376 7

West North Central

Total population .................... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100

Sportspersons ...................... 4,143 31 3,977 29 4,239 29 3,836 25

Anglers ......................... 3,647 27 3,416 25 3,836 27 3,284 21

Hunters ......................... 1,709 13 1,917 14 1,710 12 1,779 12

South Atlantic

Total population .................... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100

Sportspersons ...................... 6,996 21 7,282 20 6,957 18 6,633 15

Anglers ......................... 6,441 19 6,636 18 6,451 16 6,116 14

Hunters ......................... 2,083 6 2,050 6 1,875 5 1,884 4

East South Central

Total population .................... 11,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100

Sportspersons ...................... 2,984 26 2,907 23 2,865 22 2,689 20

Anglers ......................... 2,635 23 2,514 20 2,543 20 2,436 18

Hunters ......................... 1,279 11 1,301 10 1,164 9 1,101 8

West South Central

Total population .................... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100

Sportspersons ...................... 5,125 26 5,093 23 4,924 21 4,499 18

Anglers ......................... 4,592 23 4,616 21 4,375 19 3,952 16

Hunters ......................... 1,843 9 1,812 8 1,988 9 1,810 7

Mountain

Total population .................... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100

Sportspersons ...................... 2,488 25 2,761 23 2,757 21 2,372 15

Anglers ......................... 2,079 21 2,411 20 2,443 18 2,084 13

Hunters ......................... 1,069 11 1,061 9 1,020 8 868 6

Pacific

Total population .................... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100

Sportspersons ...................... 4,875 17 4,897 15 4,349 13 3,345 9

Anglers ......................... 4,505 15 4,501 14 4,111 12 3,094 8

Hunters ......................... 1,101 4 1,203 4 837 2 798 2
64 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table C-3. Wildlife-Watching Participants by Census Division: 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006

(Numbers in thousands. Population 16 years old and older)

Area and wildlife watcher

1991 1996 2001 2006

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

UNITED STATES

Total population .................... 189,964 100 201,472 100 212,298 100 229,245 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 76,111 40 62,868 31 66,105 31 71,132 31

Away from home ................. 29,999 16 23,652 12 21,823 10 22,977 10

Around the home ................. 73,904 39 60,751 30 62,928 30 67,756 30

New England

Total population .................... 10,180 100 10,306 100 10,575 100 11,233 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 4,598 45 3,710 36 3,875 37 4,489 40

Away from home ................. 1,856 18 1,443 14 1,155 11 1,340 12

Around the home ................. 4,544 45 3,586 35 3,765 36 4,310 38

Middle Atlantic

Total population .................... 29,216 100 29,371 100 29,806 100 31,518 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 10,556 36 8,185 28 8,740 29 8,723 28

Away from home ................. 4,166 14 2,960 10 2,849 10 2,729 9

Around the home ................. 10,282 35 8,023 27 8,452 28 8,451 27

East North Central

Total population .................... 32,188 100 33,121 100 34,082 100 35,609 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 14,511 45 11,731 35 11,631 34 12,215 34

Away from home ................. 5,572 17 4,501 14 3,571 10 3,792 11

Around the home ................. 14,175 44 11,297 34 11,196 33 11,845 33

West North Central

Total population .................... 13,504 100 13,875 100 14,430 100 15,458 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 6,924 51 5,089 37 6,206 43 6,741 44

Away from home ................. 2,654 20 1,927 14 2,059 14 2,163 14

Around the home ................. 6,722 50 4,900 35 5,938 41 6,447 42

South Atlantic

Total population .................... 33,682 100 36,776 100 39,286 100 43,965 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 13,047 39 11,252 31 11,395 29 12,862 29

Away from home ................. 4,450 13 3,992 11 3,469 9 3,208 7

Around the home ................. 12,813 38 10,964 30 10,911 28 12,432 28

East South Central

Total population .................... 11,667 100 12,459 100 12,976 100 13,722 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 4,864 42 3,904 31 4,514 35 4,931 36

Away from home ................. 1,592 14 1,118 9 1,086 8 1,758 13

Around the home ................. 4,765 41 3,795 30 4,390 34 4,683 34

West South Central

Total population .................... 19,926 100 21,811 100 23,337 100 25,407 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 7,035 35 5,933 27 5,747 25 6,764 27

Away from home ................. 2,459 12 2,096 10 1,822 8 2,127 8

Around the home ................. 6,817 34 5,773 26 5,490 24 6,319 25

Mountain

Total population .................... 10,092 100 11,966 100 13,308 100 15,651 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 4,437 44 4,099 34 4,619 35 4,968 32

Away from home ................. 2,215 22 1,967 16 2,019 15 2,004 13

Around the home ................. 4,145 41 3,855 32 4,282 32 4,605 29

Pacific

Total population .................... 29,508 100 31,787 100 34,498 100 36,681 100

Total wildlife watchers............... 10,139 34 8,966 28 9,377 27 9,439 26

Away from home ................. 5,035 17 3,648 11 3,793 11 3,856 11

Around the home ................. 9,641 33 8,558 27 8,504 25 8,664 24
Appendix D
66 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

This appendix is presented in two parts. 

The fi rst part is the U.S. Census Bureau 

Source and Accuracy Statement. This 

statement describes the sampling 

design for the 2006 Survey and 

highlights the steps taken to produce 

estimates from the completed questionnaires. The statement explains the 

use of standard errors and confi dence 

intervals. It also provides comprehensive information about errors characteristic of surveys and formulas and 

parameters to calculate an approximate 

standard error or confi dence interval for 

each number published in this report. 

The second part reports approximate 

standard errors for selected measures 

of participation and expenditures for 

wildlife-related recreation. Tables D-1 

to D-3 show common estimates by state 

with their estimated standard errors. 

Tables D-4 to D-9 provide parameters 

for computing standard errors.

Source and Accuracy Statement for 

the Florida State Report of the 2006 

National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

SOURCE OF DATA

The estimates in this report are 

based on data collected in the 2006 

National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, 

and W ildlife-Associated Recreation

(FHWAR) conducted by the Census 

Bureau and sponsored by the U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service. 

The eligible universe for the FHWAR 

is the civilian noninstitutionalized and 

nonbarrack military population living in 

the United States. The institutionalized 

population, which is excluded from 

the population universe, is composed 

primarily of the population in correctional institutions and nursing homes 

(91 percent of the 4.1 million institutionalized people in Census 2000). 

The 2006 Survey was designed to 

provide state-level estimates of the 

number of participants in recreational 

hunting and fi shing and in wildlifewatching activities (e.g., wildlife observation). Information was collected on 

the number of participants, where and 

how often they participated, the type of 

wildlife encountered, and the amounts 

of money spent on wildlife-related 

recreation.

The Survey was conducted in two 

stages: an initial screening of households to identify likely sportspersons 

and wildlife-watching participants 

and a series of follow-up interviews of 

selected persons to collect detailed data 

about their wildlife-related recreation 

during 2006.

SAMPLE DESIGN

The 2006 FHWAR sample was selected 

from the Census Bureau’s master 

address fi le (MAF) and unused sample 

of the Current Population Survey 

(CPS). The CPS sample was used 

to improve coverage in rural areas of 

some states. 

The FHWAR is a multistage probability sample, with coverage in all 50 

states and the District of Columbia. In 

the fi rst stage of the sampling process, 

primary sampling units (PSUs) are 

selected for sample. The PSUs are 

defi ned to correspond to the Offi ce of 

Management and Budget defi nitions 

of Core Based Statistical Area defi nitions and to improve effi ciency in 

fi eld operations. The United States is 

divided into 2,025 PSUs. These PSUs 

are grouped into 824 strata. Within 

each stratum, a single PSU is chosen 

for the sample, with its probability of 

selection proportional to its population 

as of the most recent decennial census. 

This PSU represents the entire stratum 

from which it was selected. In the case 

of strata consisting of only one PSU, 

the PSU is chosen with certainty. 

Within the selected PSUs, the FHWAR 

sample was selected from the MAF 

where suffi cient coverage of addresses 

existed. In some rural areas, the sample 

was selected from unused cases from 

the CPS to improve coverage.

FHWAR Screening Sample

The total screening sample in Florida 

consisted of 3,800 households. Interviewing for the screen was conducted 

during April, May, and June 2006. 

Of all housing units in sample, about 

3,166 were determined to be eligible 

for interview. Interviewers obtained 

interviews at 2,958 of these units for 

a state response rate of 93 percent. 

Local fi eld representatives conducted 

interviews by telephone when possible, 

otherwise through a personal visit. The 

fi eld representatives asked screening 

questions for all household members 

6 years old and older. Noninterviews 

occur when the occupants are not found 

at home after repeated calls or are 

unavailable for some other reason.

Data for the FHWAR sportspersons 

sample and wildlife-watchers sample 

were collected in three waves. The 

fi rst wave started in April 2006, the 

second in September 2006, and the 

third in January 2007. In the sportspersons sample, all persons who hunted 

or fi shed in 2006 by the time of the 

screening interview were interviewed in 

the fi rst wave. The remaining sportspersons in sample were interviewed 

in the second wave. A subsampling 

operation was conducted before the 

third wave of sampling to reduce cost 

of the Survey, and everyone remaining 

in sample was interviewed in the third 

wave. 

The reference period was the preceding 

4 months for waves 1 and 2. In wave 

3, the reference period was either 4, 8, 

or 12 months depending on when the 

sample person was fi rst interviewed.

Appendix D. 

Sample Design and Statistical Accuracy
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 67

Detailed Samples

Two independent detailed samples were 

chosen from the FHWAR screening 

sample. One consisted of sportspersons (people who hunt or fi sh) and the 

other of wildlife watchers (people who 

observe, photograph, or feed wildlife).

A. Sportspersons

 The Census Bureau selected the 

detailed samples based on information reported during the screening 

phase. Based on information 

collected from the household 

respondent, every person 16 years 

old and older in the FHWAR 

screening sample was assigned to a 

sportspersons stratum. The criteria 

for the strata included time devoted 

to hunting or fi shing in previous 

years, participation in hunting or 

fi shing in 2006 by the time of the 

screening interview, and intentions 

to participate in hunting and fi shing 

activities during the remainder 

of 2006. The four sportspersons 

categories were: 

1. Active—a person who had 

already participated in hunting 

or fi shing in 2006 at the time of 

the screener interview.

2. Likely—a person who had not 

participated in 2006 at the time 

of the screener, but had participated in 2005 OR was likely to 

participate in 2006.

3. Inactive—a person who had not 

participated in 2005 or 2006 

AND was somewhat unlikely to 

participate in 2006. 

4. Nonparticipant—a person who 

had not participated in 2005 or 

2006 AND was very unlikely to 

participate in 2006.

 Persons were selected for the 

detailed phase based on these 

groupings.

 Active sportspersons were given 

the detailed interview twice—at 

the time of the screening interview (in April, May, or June 2006) 

and again in January or February 

2007. Likely sportspersons and a 

subsample of the inactive sportspersons were also interviewed twice—

fi rst in September or October 2006, 

then in January or February 2007. 

If Census Bureau fi eld representatives were not able to obtain the 

fi rst interview, they attempted to 

interview the person in the fi nal 

interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. 

Persons in the nonparticipant group 

were not eligible for a detailed 

interview. 

 About 1,103 persons were designated for interviews in Florida. 

The detailed sportspersons sample 

sizes varied by state to get reliable 

state-level estimates. During each 

interview period, about 29 percent 

of the designated persons were not 

found at home or were unavailable 

for some other reason. Overall, 

about 783 detailed sportspersons 

interviews were completed at a 

response rate of 71 percent. 

B. Wildlife Watchers

 The wildlife-watching detailed 

sample was also selected based on 

information reported during the 

screening phase. Based on information collected from the household respondent, every person 16 

years old and older was assigned to 

a stratum. The criteria for the strata 

included time devoted to wildlifewatching activities in previous 

years, participation in wildlifewatching activities in 2006 by the 

time of the screening interview, 

and intentions to participate in 

wildlife-watching activities during 

the remainder of 2006. The fi ve 

wildlife-watching categories were:

1. Active—a person who had 

already participated in 2006 at 

the time of the screening interview. 

2. Avid—a person who had not 

yet participated in 2006, but in 

2005 had taken trips to participate in wildlife-watching activities for 21 or more days or had 

spent $300 or more.

3. Average—a person who had not 

yet participated in 2006, but in 

2005 had taken trips to wildlife 

watch for less than 21 days and 

had spent less than $300 OR 

had not participated in wildlifewatching activities but was very 

likely to in the remainder of 

2006.

4. Infrequent—a person who had 

not participated in 2005 or 

2006, but was somewhat likely 

or somewhat unlikely to participate in the remainder of 2006. 

5. Nonparticipant—a person who 

had not participated in 2005 or 

2006 AND was very unlikely to 

participate during the remainder 

of 2006.

 Persons were selected for the 

detailed sample based on these 

groupings, but persons in the 

nonparticipant group were not 

eligible for a detailed interview. 

A subsample of each of the other 

groups was selected to receive a 

detailed interview with the chance 

of selection diminishing as the likelihood of participation diminished. 

 Wildlife-watching participants were 

given the detailed interview twice. 

Some received their fi rst detailed 

interview at the same time as the 

screening interview (in April, May, 

or June 2006). The rest received 

their fi rst detailed interview in 

September or October 2006. All 

wildlife-watching participants 

received their second interview 

in January or February 2007. If 

Census Bureau fi eld representatives were not able to obtain the 

fi rst interview, they attempted to 

interview the person in the fi nal 

interviewing period with the reference period being the entire year. 

 About 494 persons were designated 

for interviews in Florida. The 

detailed wildlife-watching sample 

sizes varied by state to get reliable 

state-level estimates. During each 

interview period, about 28 percent 

of the designated persons were not 

found at home or were unavailable 

for some other reason. Overall, 

about 357 detailed wildlife-watcher 

interviews were completed at a 

response rate of 72 percent. 

ESTIMATION PROCEDURE

Several stages of adjustments were 

used to derive the fi nal 2006 FHWAR 

person weights. A brief description of 

the major components of the weights is 

given next. 
68 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

All statistics for the population 6 to 

15 years of age were derived from the 

screening interview. Statistics for the 

population 16 years old and older come 

from both the screening and detailed 

interviews. Estimates that come from 

the screening sample are presented in 

Appendix B. 

A. Screening Sample

 Every interviewed person in 

the screening sample received 

a screening weight that was the 

product of the following factors:

1. Base Weight. The base weight 

is the inverse of the household’s 

probability of selection. 

2. Household Noninterview 

Adjustment. The noninterview 

adjustment infl ates the weight 

assigned to interviewed households to account for households eligible for interview but 

for which no interview was 

obtained. 

3. First-Stage Adjustment. The 

824 areas designated for our 

samples were selected from 

2,025 such areas of the United 

States. Some sample areas 

represent only themselves 

and are referred to as self-

 representing. The remaining 

areas represent other areas 

similar in selected characteristics and are thus designated 

non-self-representing. The 

fi rst-stage factor reduces the 

component of variation arising 

from sampling the non-selfrepresenting areas.

4. Second-Stage Adjustment. This 

adjustment brings the estimates 

of the total population into 

agreement with census-based 

estimates of the civilian noninstitutionalized and nonbarrack 

military populations for each 

state.

B. Sportspersons Sample

 Every interviewed person in the 

sportspersons detailed sample 

received a weight that was the 

product of the following factors: 

1. Screening Weight. This is the 

person’s fi nal weight from the 

screening sample. 

2. Sportspersons Stratum Adjustment. This factor infl ates the 

weights of persons selected for 

the detailed sample to account 

for the subsampling done within 

each sportsperson stratum. 

3. Sportspersons Noninterview 

Adjustment. This factor adjusts 

the weights of the interviewed 

sportspersons to account for 

sportspersons selected for the 

detailed sample for whom no 

interview was obtained. A 

person was considered a noninterview if he or she was not 

interviewed in the third wave of 

interviewing. 

4. Sportspersons Ratio Adjustment 

Factor. This is a ratio adjustment of the detailed sample to 

the screening sample within 

the sportspersons sampling 

stratum. This adjustment brings 

the population estimates of 

persons aged 16 years old and 

older from the detailed sample 

into agreement with the same 

estimates from the screening 

sample, which was a much 

larger sample.

C. Wildlife-Watchers Sample

 Every interviewed person in the 

wildlife-watchers detailed sample 

received a weight that was the 

product of the following factors:

1. Screening Weight. This is the 

person’s fi nal weight from the 

screening sample. 

2. Wildlife-Watchers Stratum 

Adjustment. This factor infl ates 

the weights of persons selected 

for the detailed sample to 

account for the subsampling 

done within each wildlifewatcher stratum.

3. Wildlife-Watchers Noninterview 

Adjustment. This factor adjusts 

the weights of the interviewed 

wildlife-watching participants 

to account for wildlife watchers 

selected for the detailed sample 

for which no interview was 

obtained. A person was considered a noninterview if he or she 

was not interviewed in the third 

wave of interviewing.

4. Wildlife-Watchers Ratio Adjustment Factor. This is a ratio 

adjustment of the detailed 

sample to the screening sample 

within wildlife-watchers 

sampling strata. This adjustment brings the population 

estimates of persons aged 16 

years old and older from the 

detailed sample into agreement 

with the same estimates from 

the screening sample, which 

was a much larger sample.

ACCURACY OF THE ESTIMATES

A sample survey estimate has two types 

of error: sampling and nonsampling. 

The accuracy of an estimate depends 

on both types of error. The nature of 

the sampling error is known given the 

survey design; the full extent of the 

nonsampling error is unknown. 

NONSAMPLING ERROR

For a given estimator, the difference 

between the estimate that would result 

if the sample were to include the entire 

population and the true population 

value being estimated is known as 

nonsampling error. There are several 

sources of nonsampling error that 

may occur during the development or 

execution of the survey. It can occur 

because of circumstances created by the 

interviewer, the respondent, the survey 

instrument, or the way the data are 

collected and processed. For example, 

errors could occur because: 

• The interviewer records the wrong 

answer, the respondent provides 

incorrect information, the respondent estimates the requested 

information, or an unclear survey 

question is misunderstood by the 

respondent (measurement error).

• Some individuals who should have 

been included in the survey frame 

were missed (coverage error).

• Responses are not collected from 

all those in the sample or the 

respondent is unwilling to provide 

information (nonresponse error). 

• Values are estimated imprecisely 

for missing data (imputation error).

• Forms may be lost, data may 

be incorrectly keyed, coded, or 

recoded, etc. (processing error).
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 69

The Census Bureau employs quality 

control procedures throughout the 

production process, including the 

overall design of surveys, the wording 

of questions, the review of the work 

of interviewers and coders, and the 

statistical review of reports to minimize 

these errors. 

Two types of nonsampling error that 

can be examined to a limited extent are 

nonresponse and undercoverage.

Nonresponse. The effect of nonresponse cannot be measured directly, but 

one indication of its potential effect is 

the nonresponse rate. For the FHWAR 

screener interview in Florida, the 

household-level nonresponse rate was 7 

percent. The person-level nonresponse 

rate for the detailed sportsperson 

interview in Florida was an additional 

29 percent and for the wildlife watchers 

it was 28 percent. Since the screener 

nonresponse rate is a household-level 

rate and the detailed interview nonresponse rate is a person-level rate, we 

cannot combine these rates to derive 

an overall nonresponse rate. Since it is 

unlikely the nonresponding households 

to the FHWAR have the same number 

of persons as the households successfully interviewed, combining these 

rates would result in an overestimate of 

the “true” person-level overall nonresponse rate for the detailed interviews. 

Coverage. Overall screener undercoverage is estimated to be about 13 

percent. Ratio estimation to independent population controls, as described 

previously, partially corrects for the 

bias due to survey undercoverage. 

However, biases exist in the estimates 

to the extent that missed persons in 

missed households or missed persons in 

interviewed households have different 

characteristics from those of interviewed persons in the same age group. 

Comparability of Data. Data obtained 

from the 2006 FHWAR and other 

sources are not entirely comparable. 

This results from differences in interviewer training and experience and in 

differing survey processes. This is an 

example of nonsampling variability 

not refl ected in the standard errors. 

Therefore, caution should be used 

when comparing results from different 

sources. (See Appendix C.) 

A Nonsampling Error Warning. Since 

the full extent of the nonsampling error 

is unknown, one should be particularly 

careful when interpreting results based 

on small differences between estimates. 

The Census Bureau recommends that 

data users incorporate information 

about nonsampling errors into their 

analyses, as nonsampling error could 

impact the conclusions drawn from 

the results. Caution should also be 

used when interpreting results based 

on a relatively small number of cases. 

Summary measures (such as medians 

and percentage distributions) probably 

do not reveal useful information when 

computed on a subpopulation smaller 

than 50,000 for screener data, 65,000 

for the detailed sportsperson data, and 

230,000 for the wildlife-watchers data.

SAMPLING ERROR

Since the FHWAR estimates come from 

a sample, they may differ from fi gures 

from an enumeration of the entire 

population using the same questionnaires, instructions, and enumerators. 

For a given estimator, the difference 

between an estimate based on a sample 

and the estimate that would result if 

the sample were to include the entire 

population is known as sampling 

error. Standard errors, as calculated 

by methods described in “Standard 

Errors and Their Use,” are primarily 

measures of the magnitude of sampling 

error. However, they may include some 

nonsampling error.

Standard Errors and Their Use. The 

sample estimate and its standard error 

enable one to construct a confi dence 

interval. A confi dence interval is a 

range that has a known probability 

of including the average result of all 

possible samples. For example, if all 

possible samples were surveyed under 

essentially the same general conditions 

and using the same sample design, and 

if an estimate and its standard error 

were calculated from each sample, then 

approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.645 standard errors below 

the estimate to 1.645 standard errors 

above the estimate would include the 

average result of all possible samples. 

A particular confi dence interval may or 

may not contain the average estimate 

derived from all possible samples. 

However, one can say with specifi ed 

confi dence that the interval includes 

the average estimate calculated from all 

possible samples. 

Standard errors may also be used to 

perform hypothesis testing, a procedure 

for distinguishing between population 

parameters using sample estimates. 

The most common type of hypothesis is that the population parameters 

are different. An example would be 

comparing the proportion of anglers to 

the proportion of hunters. 

Tests may be performed at various 

levels of signifi cance. A signifi cance 

level is the probability of concluding 

that the characteristics are different 

when, in fact, they are the same. For 

example, to conclude that two characteristics are different at the 0.1 level of 

signifi cance, the absolute value of the 

estimated difference between characteristics must be greater than or equal 

to 1.645 times the standard error of the 

difference. 

This report uses 90-percent confi dence 

intervals and 0.1 level of signifi cance to 

determine statistical validity. Consult 

standard statistical textbooks for alternative criteria. 

Estimating Standard Errors. The 

Census Bureau uses replication 

methods to estimate the standard errors 

of FHWAR estimates. These methods 

primarily measure the magnitude of 

sampling error. However, they do 

measure some effects of nonsampling 

error as well. They do not measure 

systematic biases in the data associated with nonsampling error. Bias is 

the average over all possible samples 

of the differences between the sample 

estimates and the true value.

Generalized Variance Parameters. 

While it is possible to compute and 

present an estimate of the standard 

error based on the survey data for each 

estimate in a report, there are a number 

of reasons why this is not done. A 

presentation of the individual standard 

errors would be of limited use, since 

one could not possibly predict all of the 

combinations of results that may be of 

interest to data users. Additionally, data 

users have access to FHWAR microdata 

fi les, and it is impossible to compute 

in advance the standard error for every 

estimate one might obtain from those 

data sets. Moreover, variance estimates 

are based on sample data and have variances of their own. Therefore, some 

methods of stabilizing these estimates 

of variance, for example, by generalizing or averaging over time, may be 

used to improve their reliability. 
70 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Experience has shown that certain groups of estimates have similar relationships between their variances and expected values. 

Modeling or generalizing may provide more stable variance estimates by taking advantage of these similarities. The generalized variance function is a simple model that expresses the variance as a function of the expected value of the survey estimate. 

The parameters of the generalized variance function are estimated using direct replicate variances. These generalized variance parameters provide a relatively easy method to obtain approximate standard errors for numerous characteristics. Tables 

D-4 to D-9 provide the generalized variance parameters for FHWAR data. Methods for using the parameters to calculate 

standard errors of various estimates are given in the next sections.

Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers. The approximate standard error, sx

, of an estimated number shown in this report 

can be obtained using the following formulas. Formula (1) is used to calculate the standard errors of levels of sportspersons,

anglers, and wildlife watchers. 

Here, x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic.

Formula (2) is used for standard errors of aggregates, i.e., trips, days, and expenditures.

Here, x is again the size of the estimate; y is the base of the estimate; and a, b, and c are the parameters in the tables associated with the particular characteristic.

Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Number

Suppose there were an estimated 33,916,000 persons age 16 years old and older who either fi shed or hunted in the United 

States in 2006. Using formula (1) with the parameters a = –0.000027 and b = 6,125 from table D-5, the approximate standard 

error of the estimated number of 33,916,000 sportspersons age 16 years old and older is 

The 90-percent confi dence interval for the estimated number of sportspersons 16 years old and older is from 33,225,000 to 

34,607,000, i.e., 33,916,000 ± 1.645 x 420,330. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible 

samples lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. 

Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older who engaged in 219,925,000 days of 

participation in 2006. Using formula (2) with the parameters a = –0.000235, b = –85,241, and c = 22,698 from table D-7, the 

approximate standard error on 219,925,000 estimated days on an estimated base of 12,510,000 hunters is

The 90-percent confi dence interval on the estimate of 219,925,000 days is from 207,436,000 to 232,414,000, i.e., 

219,925,000 ± 1.645 x 7,592,000. Again, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within 

a range computed in this way would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible samples. 

Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages. The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both 

numerator and denominator, depends on the size of the percentage and its base. Estimated percentages are relatively more 

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages are 50 percent 

or more. When the numerator and the denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the parameter in the 

tables indicated by the numerator. 

The approximate standard error, sx,p, can be obtained by use of the formula 

s ax bx x  2

(2) s ax bx

cx

y x  2

2

s

bp p

x x p,

( ) 100 

sx  u  u 0 000027 33 916 000 6 125 33 916 000 420 330 2 . ,, , ,, ,

sx  u  u 

u

0 000235 219 925 000 85 241 219 925 000 22 698 219 925 000

12 510 000

7 592 000 2

2

. ,, , ,, , ,,

, , , ,

(1)

(3)
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 71

Here, x is the total number of sportspersons, hunters, etc., which is the base of the percentage; p is the percentage 

(0 ≤ p ≤ 100); and b is the parameter in the tables associated with the characteristic in the numerator of the percentage. 

Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Percentage

Suppose there were an estimated 12,510,000 hunters aged 16 years old and older of whom 18.3 percent hunted migratory 

birds. From table D-5, the appropriate b parameter is 5,756. Using formula (3), the approximate standard error on the estimate of 18.3 percent is

Consequently, the 90-percent confi dence interval for the estimate percentage of migratory bird hunters 16 years old and older 

is from 16.9 percent to 19.7 percent, i.e., 18.3 ± 1.645 x 0.83. 

Standard Error of a Difference. The standard error of the difference between two sample estimates is approximately equal to 

where sx and sy are the standard errors of the estimates x and y. The estimates can be numbers, percentages, ratios, etc. This 

will represent the actual standard error quite accurately for the difference between estimates of the same characteristic in two 

different areas, or for the difference between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same area. However, if there is 

a high positive (negative) correlation between the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate (underestimate) the true 

standard error.

Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of a Difference

Suppose there were an estimated 11,655,000 females in the age range of 18 to 24 of whom 726,000 or 6.2 percent were 

sportspersons. Similarly, suppose there were an estimated 11,638,000 males in the same age range of whom 1,929,000 or 

16.6 percent were sportspersons. The apparent difference between the percentage of female and male sportspersons is 10.4 

percent. Using formula (3) and the appropriate b parameter from table D-5, the approximate standard errors of 6.2 percent 

and 16.6 percent are 0.55 and 0.85, respectively. Using formula (4), the approximate standard error of the estimated difference of 10.4 percent is 

The 90-percent confi dence interval on the difference between 18-to-24-year-old female and male sportspersons is from 8.7 to 

12.1, i.e., 10.4 ± 1.645 x 1.02. Since the interval does not contain zero, we can conclude with 90-percent confi dence that the 

percentage of 18-to-24-year-old female sportspersons is less than the percentage of 18-to-24-year-old male sportspersons. 

Standard Errors of Estimated Averages. Certain mean values for sportspersons, anglers, etc., shown in the report were calculated as the ratio of two numbers. For example, average days per angler is calculated as:

Standard errors for these averages may be approximated by the use of formula (5) below.

In formula (5), r represents the correlation coeffi cient between the numerator and the denominator of the estimate. In the 

above formula, use 0.7 as an estimate of r.

 

sx p,

,. .

, , . uu  5 756 18 3 100 18 312 510 000 083

s ss (4) xy x y   2 2

sx y   055 085 102 2 2 ...

x

y

total days

total anglers 

s

x

y

s

x

s

y

r

s s

xy x y

x y xy a

¬

« o

1⁄4

» 

a

¬

« o

1⁄4

» 

2 2

2 (5)
72 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

sx y a

¬

« o

1⁄4

» 

a

¬

« o

1⁄4

»  u

u

u 516 781 000

29 952 000

158 280 079

516 781 000

399 342

29 952 000 2 07

15 828 079 399 342

516 781 000 29 952 000 0 40

2 2

, ,

, ,

, ,

, ,

,

, , . ,, ,,, ,, .

Illustration of the Computation of the Standard Error of an Estimated Average

Suppose that the estimated number of the average days per angler aged 16 years old and older for all fi shing was 17.3 days. 

Using formulas (1) and (2) above, we compute the standard error on total days, 516,781,000, and total anglers, 29,952,000, to 

be 15,828,079 and 399,342, respectively. The approximate standard error on the estimated average of 17.3 days is

Therefore, the 90-percent confi dence interval on the estimated average of 17.3 days is from 16.6 to 18.0, i.e., 

17.3 ± 1.645 x 0.40.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 73

Table D-1. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Anglers, Days of Fishing by State Residents, and

Expenditures for Fishing by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands)

State

Participation Days Expenditures in dollars

Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 41 13,164 2,463 791,187 136,335

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 10 1,965 329 221,328 43,350

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 32 4,378 1,163 293,510 62,037

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463 38 10,078 1,788 364,528 71,945

California ................................. 1,689 102 19,649 2,646 2,707,995 428,592

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 40 6,737 1,081 1,093,571 147,080

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 20 6,239 1,239 442,724 95,897

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 6 1,521 397 138,601 28,408

Florida ................................... 1,950 100 43,026 5,370 3,618,499 514,463

Georgia ................................... 1,060 77 18,449 3,935 1,050,608 183,960

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 8 1,345 300 82,728 22,551

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 22 4,126 1,222 234,363 52,127

Illinois.................................... 1,034 62 21,351 2,579 1,315,192 197,171

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 50 10,583 1,315 696,389 128,034

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 34 7,017 1,319 398,654 78,100

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 27 5,643 916 299,896 63,027

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 45 9,874 1,600 963,254 239,107

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 47 11,075 1,337 807,063 153,792

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 17 3,854 800 147,473 26,410

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 32 6,571 1,028 661,078 99,475

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 29 9,309 1,784 954,647 229,603

Michigan.................................. 1,098 89 23,239 4,004 1,662,875 364,329

Minnesota ................................. 1,143 75 23,025 4,850 2,467,491 483,774

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479 34 7,515 1,198 280,529 55,307

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931 59 16,227 2,889 1,032,407 160,090

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 16 2,455 424 140,895 27,916

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 15 3,208 532 217,437 36,020

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 16 1,958 447 304,133 73,096

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 10 2,488 442 141,041 27,264

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 33 9,237 1,601 1,167,944 196,789

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 18 2,451 838 254,023 76,563

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,029 81 16,157 3,315 844,153 194,665

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 964 63 16,106 2,626 1,039,286 198,626

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 8 1,150 205 96,908 19,580

Ohio ..................................... 1,293 91 17,583 3,199 1,118,439 226,342

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 39 10,363 1,487 486,013 88,047

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 39 8,104 2,308 507,625 101,717

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 87 20,592 4,258 1,625,022 272,116

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 6 1,480 207 125,121 25,668

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548 39 11,174 1,814 1,101,128 340,271

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 9 1,456 254 137,159 28,262

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 708 54 13,966 2,025 576,667 110,670

Texas..................................... 2,344 172 40,101 5,924 3,883,589 796,872

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 26 3,841 851 408,986 84,433

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 7 1,506 279 59,132 12,200

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 58 9,932 1,331 669,565 140,722

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 43 9,111 1,394 967,520 180,668

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306 25 6,967 1,000 335,880 104,458

Wisconsin ................................. 1,025 66 17,771 2,431 1,193,390 201,965

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 10 1,360 282 450,339 133,641
74 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table D-2. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Hunters, Days of Hunting by State Residents, and

Expenditures for Hunting by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands)

State

Participation Days Expenditures in dollars

Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 30 8,032 1,831 596,485 114,760

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 7 859 205 111,535 25,306

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 15 1,535 405 360,537 108,628

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 31 7,630 1,629 765,599 146,698

California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 43 4,192 1,041 960,932 230,698

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 18 1,421 303 219,545 57,088

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 7 693 181 96,638 38,704

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 512 148 33,836 7,761

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 40 5,723 1,200 870,391 205,731

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 42 7,180 1,643 502,017 135,282

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4 421 214 24,992 9,869

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 15 1,187 256 142,708 33,385

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 32 4,609 938 416,950 80,383

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 30 4,617 930 243,058 60,232

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 26 3,734 869 260,147 60,083

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 23 2,717 723 231,228 58,822

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 29 5,108 637 507,473 116,274

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 33 7,155 1,443 618,264 142,285

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 14 2,042 319 211,434 40,017

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 17 2,213 399 230,214 44,830

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 11 1,629 562 238,670 98,246

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 79 11,756 2,256 846,455 202,158

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536 53 6,947 1,571 752,098 171,270

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 24 6,227 820 446,639 89,602

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 49 9,685 1,876 1,027,698 167,223

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 14 1,817 315 219,465 46,679

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 13 1,647 349 176,456 33,615

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10 687 249 149,750 51,854

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 1,037 206 77,932 19,911

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 12 1,621 342 160,737 44,444

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 11 734 240 109,297 35,712

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 52 9,734 1,927 835,147 258,055

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 34 5,428 1,059 688,691 160,961

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 8 1,125 207 92,576 18,993

Ohio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 53 10,728 2,771 863,874 214,994

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 28 5,556 1,209 463,726 95,364

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 24 2,768 718 336,278 69,062

Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 92 17,401 2,585 1,581,058 276,321

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2 184 45 13,766 4,278

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 23 4,025 1,294 253,796 115,579

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 8 1,208 233 87,120 15,955

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 34 6,318 1,224 481,767 114,181

Texas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996 108 13,896 1,937 2,048,671 462,353

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 18 1,884 530 332,629 76,446

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6 1,068 157 69,059 15,885

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 47 6,649 1,156 493,125 110,305

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 25 2,385 563 389,792 117,244

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 21 3,602 578 325,688 116,172

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652 53 9,998 1,316 1,329,161 272,105

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 6 604 149 89,832 29,427
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 75

Table D-3. Approximate Standard Errors of Resident Away-From-Home Participants, Days of

Away-From-Home Participants by State Residents, and Trip-Related Expenditures for

Away-From-Home Activities by State Residents

(Numbers in thousands)

State

Participation Days Expenditures in dollars

Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error Estimate Standard error

Alabama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 50 7,301 3,047 198,132 61,485

Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 13 1,492 520 65,576 27,602

Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 42 4,554 886 301,997 75,465

Arkansas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 46 4,253 1,372 70,098 25,680

California ................................. 2,565 200 46,538 8,681 2,226,634 504,935

Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 67 7,548 1,984 303,943 83,737

Connecticut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 33 4,987 1,043 240,708 61,745

Delaware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 8 811 276 12,490 3,833

Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 988 119 13,180 3,390 455,521 105,349

Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 71 4,934 1,761 289,920 122,816

Hawaii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10 485 124 30,005 10,851

Idaho. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 32 2,876 805 87,351 28,403

Illinois. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 92 7,366 1,477 431,477 115,300

Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 72 7,894 1,650 234,756 61,310

Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 51 4,233 867 104,542 33,072

Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 31 3,427 1,156 91,838 28,745

Kentucky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 68 3,978 835 163,835 45,402

Louisiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 42 3,536 1,038 118,317 49,801

Maine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 30 3,938 1,066 105,340 28,268

Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 43 4,841 1,310 103,265 25,729

Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 50 8,959 1,720 249,979 56,447

Michigan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827 127 10,455 3,288 522,877 153,343

Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 92 9,010 2,413 458,934 162,740

Mississippi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 35 1,391 421 77,767 27,913

Missouri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 86 14,619 3,543 365,259 103,690

Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 23 1,777 498 57,461 20,990

Nebraska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 18 1,201 176 55,793 15,941

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 26 1,912 479 108,053 42,601

New Hampshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 16 2,246 561 61,263 14,140

New Jersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 54 8,408 2,189 195,252 44,467

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 24 3,803 844 81,860 20,074

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,178 147 13,927 2,835 887,039 240,941

North Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 59 3,544 1,035 324,968 105,504

North Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8 278 120 8,290 3,921

Ohio ..................................... 1,174 125 9,232 1,427 365,635 95,003

Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 60 7,930 3,634 291,664 81,739

Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 66 7,455 3,205 177,364 51,932

Pennsylvania............................... 1,038 127 13,013 2,727 587,806 168,911

Rhode Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 10 1,207 293 44,400 11,412

South Carolina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 46 2,222 471 167,464 44,431

South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 17 709 143 46,769 14,583

Tennessee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 82 14,819 4,776 242,507 73,041

Texas..................................... 1,176 206 31,689 12,769 922,669 360,407

Utah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 36 3,063 817 116,401 32,391

Vermont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 11 1,803 504 25,689 6,661

Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 81 6,888 1,850 154,992 39,913

Washington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 56 8,918 1,333 314,680 69,667

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 31 3,205 1,345 83,475 37,348

Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 73 4,367 1,129 188,626 54,452

Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 13 894 223 54,472 19,022
76 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table D-4. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Sportspersons, Anglers,

Hunters, and Wildlife-Watching Participants

(These parameters are to be used only to calculate estimates of standard errors for characteristics developed from the screening sample)

State

6 years old and older 6- to 15-year-olds only

aba b

United States........................................ –0.000015 4,173 –0.000365 14,798

Alabama .............................................. –0.000523 2,173 –0.014402 8,642

Alaska................................................ –0.001157 697 –0.024644 2,566

Arizona ............................................... –0.000399 2,178 –0.008468 7,441

Arkansas.............................................. –0.001116 2,820 –0.026111 9,698

California ............................................. –0.000126 4,134 –0.003139 16,914

Colorado .............................................. –0.000573 2,435 –0.019382 12,522

Connecticut............................................ –0.000313 1,005 –0.008787 4,151

Delaware.............................................. –0.000510 396 –0.014882 1,597

Florida ............................................... –0.000266 4,389 –0.006122 13,852

Georgia ............................................... –0.000568 4,653 –0.012587 16,121

Hawaii ............................................... –0.000437 517 –0.009528 1,602

Idaho................................................. –0.001346 1,759 –0.042091 8,654

Illinois................................................ –0.000296 3,416 –0.007029 12,542

Indiana ............................................... –0.000488 2,782 –0.012165 10,911

Iowa ................................................. –0.000762 2,062 –0.020347 7,491

Kansas ............................................... –0.000537 1,329 –0.016690 6,138

Kentucky ............................................. –0.000772 2,935 –0.018308 9,902

Louisiana ............................................. –0.000775 3,143 –0.017795 11,036

Maine ................................................ –0.000924 1,135 –0.030300 4,683

Maryland ............................................. –0.000357 1,821 –0.008162 6,298

Massachusetts.......................................... –0.000261 1,521 –0.007130 5,692

Michigan.............................................. –0.000685 6,318 –0.018937 26,784

Minnesota ............................................. –0.001009 4,733 –0.029835 20,037

Mississippi ............................................ –0.000757 1,982 –0.016992 6,865

Missouri .............................................. –0.000670 3,534 –0.018329 13,847

Montana .............................................. –0.001418 1,227 –0.033110 3,719

Nebraska.............................................. –0.000567 902 –0.014086 3,277

Nevada ............................................... –0.000515 1,159 –0.011577 4,097

New Hampshire ........................................ –0.000535 650 –0.015945 2,744

New Jersey ............................................ –0.000209 1,655 –0.005070 6,099

New Mexico........................................... –0.000620 1,097 –0.016872 4,557

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000320 5,582 –0.009275 22,967

North Carolina ......................................... –0.000416 3,286 –0.011916 14,068

North Dakota .......................................... –0.001096 637 –0.036240 2,677

Ohio ................................................. –0.000484 5,045 –0.011219 17,172

Oklahoma ............................................. –0.000744 2,389 –0.020948 9,767

Oregon ............................................... –0.000752 2,533 –0.024824 11,839

Pennsylvania........................................... –0.000544 6,176 –0.014615 22,903

Rhode Island .......................................... –0.000315 308 –0.008710 1,182

South Carolina ......................................... –0.000560 2,174 –0.016004 9,034

South Dakota .......................................... –0.001061 745 –0.025331 2,568

Tennessee ............................................. –0.000565 3,084 –0.015267 11,667

Texas................................................. –0.000466 9,557 –0.011141 38,300

Utah ................................................. –0.000700 1,541 –0.018090 7,116

Vermont .............................................. –0.001053 611 –0.032724 2,420

Virginia ............................................... –0.000450 3,102 –0.014313 14,311

Washington............................................ –0.000349 2,031 –0.010251 8,539

West Virginia .......................................... –0.001092 1,823 –0.042234 8,929

Wisconsin ............................................. –0.000820 4,156 –0.021060 15,086

Wyoming ............................................. –0.001268 592 –0.028116 1,742
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 77

Table D-5. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels for the Detailed

Sportspersons Sample

State

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older

aba b

United States............................ –0.000027 6,125 –0.000025 5,756

Alabama .................................. –0.000936 3,324 –0.000921 3,268

Alaska.................................... –0.002197 1,096 –0.002013 1,004

Arizona ................................... –0.000641 2,941 –0.000403 1,849

Arkansas.................................. –0.001833 3,951 –0.001705 3,674

California ................................. –0.000239 6,523 –0.000213 5,801

Colorado .................................. –0.000960 3,459 –0.000735 2,650

Connecticut................................ –0.000545 1,490 –0.000514 1,407

Delaware.................................. –0.000758 507 –0.000720 482

Florida ................................... –0.000415 5,911 –0.000347 4,943

Georgia ................................... –0.000965 6,668 –0.000752 5,199

Hawaii ................................... –0.000763 774 –0.000751 761

Idaho..................................... –0.002486 2,738 –0.001888 2,080

Illinois.................................... –0.000430 4,201 –0.000388 3,789

Indiana ................................... –0.000821 3,939 –0.000777 3,729

Iowa ..................................... –0.001383 3,234 –0.001535 3,589

Kansas ................................... –0.001097 2,315 –0.001433 3,024

Kentucky ................................. –0.001222 3,983 –0.001048 3,415

Louisiana ................................. –0.001300 4,464 –0.001271 4,365

Maine .................................... –0.001560 1,675 –0.001469 1,578

Maryland ................................. –0.000552 2,392 –0.000456 1,975

Massachusetts.............................. –0.000412 2,072 –0.000383 1,929

Michigan.................................. –0.001085 8,470 –0.001214 9,474

Minnesota ................................. –0.001694 6,812 –0.001504 6,049

Mississippi ................................ –0.001355 3,000 –0.001169 2,588

Missouri .................................. –0.001031 4,662 –0.001067 4,825

Montana .................................. –0.002523 1,899 –0.002383 1,793

Nebraska.................................. –0.001066 1,449 –0.001236 1,680

Nevada ................................... –0.000898 1,703 –0.000823 1,561

New Hampshire ............................ –0.000801 836 –0.000774 808

New Jersey ................................ –0.000327 2,200 –0.000251 1,690

New Mexico............................... –0.001323 1,984 –0.001264 1,895

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.000456 6,842 –0.000378 5,671

North Carolina ............................. –0.000713 4,794 –0.000588 3,951

North Dakota .............................. –0.001558 791 –0.001754 890

Ohio ..................................... –0.000851 7,569 –0.000697 6,194

Oklahoma ................................. –0.001278 3,504 –0.001303 3,574

Oregon ................................... –0.001291 3,730 –0.001024 2,957

Pennsylvania............................... –0.000867 8,490 –0.001030 10,089

Rhode Island .............................. –0.000487 410 –0.000425 358

South Carolina ............................. –0.000983 3,259 –0.000981 3,251

South Dakota .............................. –0.001728 1,038 –0.001532 920

Tennessee ................................. –0.001019 4,790 –0.000929 4,367

Texas..................................... –0.000859 14,660 –0.000725 12,388

Utah ..................................... –0.001453 2,627 –0.001268 2,292

Vermont .................................. –0.001514 766 –0.001403 710

Virginia ................................... –0.000885 5,215 –0.001105 6,510

Washington................................ –0.000626 3,116 –0.000676 3,368

West Virginia .............................. –0.001844 2,688 –0.001712 2,496

Wisconsin ................................. –0.001281 5,572 –0.001144 4,978

Wyoming ................................. –0.003226 1,306 –0.002251 911
78 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table D-6. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures for the

Detailed Sportspersons Sample

State

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older

abcab c

United States............................ 0.000118 –150,479 22,234 0.000918 –401,912 17,005

Alabama .................................. 0.019700 –12,417 5,855 0.016799 –96,800 6,317

Alaska.................................... 0.030420 –2,004 1,057 0.031018 –14,867 1,091

Arizona ................................... 0.036222 –2,002 2,994 0.069395 –74,101 2,742

Arkansas.................................. 0.024408 –27,794 6,433 0.010107 –101,205 7,942

California ................................. 0.018462 –35,800 10,686 0.027550 –58,262 9,255

Colorado .................................. 0.008867 676 5,062 0.034102 –27,935 4,373

Connecticut................................ 0.036498 –11,421 2,841 0.096937 –60,991 2,564

Delaware.................................. 0.031385 –1,643 734 0.018489 –3,855 719

Florida ................................... 0.014951 –23,048 9,553 0.021932 –407,268 10,425

Georgia ................................... 0.022339 –47,820 8,031 0.051440 –143,590 7,061

Hawaii ................................... 0.065152 –5,771 830 0.123487 –5,097 588

Idaho..................................... 0.034640 9,981 3,224 0.023728 –69,369 3,841

Illinois.................................... 0.017187 6,704 5,219 0.024778 74,958 3,321

Indiana ................................... 0.027022 –16,160 4,558 0.042674 –61,618 4,557

Iowa ..................................... 0.033205 22,341 2,171 0.045665 –41,343 1,583

Kansas ................................... 0.034206 –23,245 3,454 0.042600 –116,049 4,343

Kentucky ................................. 0.051496 –17,125 5,942 0.025277 –89,098 6,822

Louisiana ................................. 0.023308 –66,118 7,237 0.027891 135,631 6,412

Maine .................................... 0.022050 –7,457 2,175 0.021630 –12,360 2,038

Maryland ................................. 0.015599 –14,663 3,208 0.018873 –30,982 2,820

Massachusetts.............................. 0.049013 –25,362 3,792 0.138120 –47,649 2,049

Michigan.................................. 0.035078 –148,672 13,535 0.039658 –147,585 12,587

Minnesota ................................. 0.028185 –92,976 11,279 0.027553 –263,285 12,919

Mississippi ................................ 0.026713 –53,218 5,433 0.014058 –97,282 6,390

Missouri .................................. 0.011821 –40,950 10,804 –0.005607 –190,726 17,070

Montana .................................. 0.024760 –9,845 2,520 0.020119 –99,543 3,580

Nebraska.................................. 0.018618 1,031 1,640 0.022265 –22,187 1,472

Nevada ................................... 0.048609 –9,688 1,387 0.102222 –32,513 1,074

New Hampshire ............................ 0.025253 –6,176 1,434 0.037780 –26,900 1,448

New Jersey ................................ 0.019672 –39,093 4,262 0.029909 –90,209 3,910

New Mexico............................... 0.084483 2,232 1,181 0.096226 20,132 683

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.039569 –84,193 13,133 0.069695 –128,553 12,761

North Carolina ............................. 0.029775 –35,783 6,154 0.035333 –15,128 5,717

North Dakota .............................. 0.033611 –586 751 0.032562 6,176 804

Ohio ..................................... 0.031480 –41,813 11,082 0.040646 –140,259 8,710

Oklahoma ................................. 0.023920 –27,206 4,719 0.020041 –31,920 5,066

Oregon ................................... 0.029208 –11,360 5,033 0.019440 –76,401 4,937

Pennsylvania............................... 0.011981 –92,207 15,295 0.014951 –17,951 14,434

Rhode Island .............................. 0.033545 –2,922 634 0.053976 –12,463 565

South Carolina ............................. 0.082716 –96,641 6,922 0.191600 –23,834 2,573

South Dakota .............................. 0.030933 682 1,071 0.018421 –25,518 1,356

Tennessee ................................. 0.027200 67,423 6,450 0.029272 –98,688 7,535

Texas..................................... 0.032817 –69,604 20,795 0.027826 –146,956 22,831

Utah ..................................... 0.033896 –13,369 2,671 0.024396 –195,230 4,439

Vermont .................................. 0.022379 –4,177 1,337 0.026395 –21,534 1,476

Virginia ................................... 0.035897 –28,532 5,705 0.032298 –68,680 6,293

Washington................................ 0.026464 –45,106 5,612 0.081551 81,860 1,611

West Virginia .............................. 0.086611 –39,384 2,945 0.103915 –184,675 4,610

Wisconsin ................................. 0.017762 –81,329 10,849 0.029543 –54,069 8,015

Wyoming ................................. 0.075474 –5,404 1,197 0.090886 12,235 847
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 79

Table D-7. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Days or Trips for the

Detailed Sportspersons Sample

State

Sportspersons and anglers 16 years old and older Hunters 16 years old and older

abcab c

United States............................ 0.000211 –23,610 23,157 –0.000235 –85,241 22,698

Alabama .................................. 0.027360 –4,011 4,995 0.035544 –6,621 5,383

Alaska.................................... 0.016117 –432 1,681 0.027498 8 1,622

Arizona ................................... 0.065842 –511 1,775 0.053516 –8,367 2,773

Arkansas.................................. 0.013952 –12,325 8,675 0.024038 –5,931 6,861

California ................................. 0.010707 –16,022 13,917 0.028439 –23,877 12,350

Colorado .................................. 0.019267 4,638 3,198 0.017940 128 3,608

Connecticut................................ 0.034363 –781 1,504 0.024306 –1,047 1,829

Delaware.................................. 0.061308 –234 527 0.058226 –184 529

Florida ................................... 0.010264 –17,862 11,170 0.022310 21,695 5,794

Georgia ................................... 0.040208 –10,805 6,234 0.044845 16,702 1,853

Hawaii ................................... 0.034563 –1,603 1,552 0.212584 –1,169 945

Idaho..................................... 0.069064 –15,482 4,996 0.024568 –5,756 3,301

Illinois.................................... 0.005932 –8,487 9,365 0.001562 –38,372 13,100

Indiana ................................... 0.006553 –5,775 6,973 0.018011 –6,028 6,053

Iowa ..................................... 0.026962 –7,704 4,252 0.037766 –10,398 4,032

Kansas ................................... 0.015744 –2,510 4,078 0.046706 –21,946 6,195

Kentucky ................................. 0.015099 –6,026 7,313 –0.014871 –7,130 8,307

Louisiana ................................. 0.004012 –4,767 6,568 0.022152 –3,240 5,213

Maine .................................... 0.030520 –7,661 3,270 0.003096 –10,278 3,842

Maryland ................................. 0.017639 –6,240 3,697 0.011515 –6,512 3,608

Massachusetts.............................. 0.027491 –3,619 4,355 0.044116 –8,700 5,301

Michigan.................................. 0.011920 –23,905 20,643 0.025076 23,642 7,030

Minnesota ................................. 0.035500 –7,447 10,504 0.027723 –23,061 14,333

Mississippi ................................ 0.015625 –10,362 5,357 –0.000218 –2,695 4,394

Missouri .................................. 0.019454 –11,342 12,042 0.010034 –70,146 19,451

Montana .................................. 0.018290 –1,849 2,202 0.013948 –3,887 2,640

Nebraska.................................. 0.009103 –2,063 3,655 –0.005553 –28,329 7,091

Nevada ................................... 0.043203 –1,733 1,536 0.123560 535 425

New Hampshire ............................ 0.019444 –2,643 1,627 0.013722 400 1,313

New Jersey ................................ 0.026108 1,903 1,969 0.013215 –1,967 2,735

New Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.112638 –431 817 0.096905 807 610

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.029022 –22,367 14,881 0.008095 –27,096 17,017

North Carolina ............................. 0.021276 –6,354 5,499 0.012831 –28,563 9,265

North Dakota .............................. 0.019007 –3,002 1,621 0.008541 –5,760 2,617

Ohio ..................................... 0.022273 –21,768 15,604 0.044683 –9,949 10,955

Oklahoma ................................. 0.006405 –10,237 8,296 0.013165 –12,426 8,445

Oregon ................................... 0.073495 –1,650 3,786 0.042692 –10,309 6,182

Pennsylvania............................... 0.027085 –24,417 16,685 –0.014656 –134,270 41,466

Rhode Island .............................. 0.011732 –506 680 0.021282 –344 525

South Carolina ............................. 0.014487 –6,537 6,823 0.086503 1,677 2,737

South Dakota .............................. 0.012863 –1,152 1,751 0.019075 –2,901 1,859

Tennessee ................................. 0.005611 –9,561 11,404 –0.011681 –60,797 16,711

Texas..................................... 0.014288 –13,795 18,462 –0.003611 –31,876 25,228

Utah ..................................... 0.041500 –1,853 2,544 0.071790 3,964 792

Vermont .................................. 0.016042 –1,485 1,360 –0.006963 –2,952 1,792

Virginia ................................... 0.008112 –5,920 7,627 0.011922 165 6,590

Washington................................ 0.017168 –6,558 4,800 0.045009 3,663 1,723

West Virginia .............................. 0.006512 –2,872 4,433 0.001964 –2,897 4,911

Wisconsin ................................. 0.009197 –14,330 10,587 –0.002285 –35,565 15,098

Wyoming ................................. 0.025766 –1,835 1,823 0.034258 –3,738 1,705
80 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

Table D-8. Parameters a and b for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors of Levels of WildlifeWatching Participants for the Detailed Wildlife-Watching Sample

State

Away-from-home participants Wildlife-watching participants1

aba b

United States........................................ –0.000064 14,628 –0.000058 13,319

Alabama .............................................. –0.002522 8,955 –0.002252 7,994

Alaska................................................ –0.005091 2,539 –0.005744 2,864

Arizona ............................................... –0.001212 5,555 –0.001128 5,170

Arkansas.............................................. –0.003685 7,943 –0.003787 8,163

California ............................................. –0.000633 17,272 –0.000632 17,247

Colorado .............................................. –0.002818 10,157 –0.002773 9,995

Connecticut............................................ –0.001942 5,313 –0.001578 4,317

Delaware.............................................. –0.002431 1,625 –0.002061 1,378

Florida ............................................... –0.001067 15,191 –0.001082 15,396

Georgia ............................................... –0.002273 15,705 –0.002082 14,383

Hawaii ............................................... –0.002169 2,200 –0.002077 2,106

Idaho................................................. –0.005872 6,469 –0.006027 6,640

Illinois................................................ –0.001350 13,189 –0.001237 12,083

Indiana ............................................... –0.002090 10,031 –0.002026 9,722

Iowa ................................................. –0.003442 8,051 –0.003725 8,712

Kansas ............................................... –0.002087 4,403 –0.002245 4,737

Kentucky ............................................. –0.003921 12,780 –0.003130 10,201

Louisiana ............................................. –0.002878 9,878 –0.002325 7,980

Maine ................................................ –0.005383 5,779 –0.005003 5,372

Maryland ............................................. –0.001401 6,072 –0.001512 6,552

Massachusetts.......................................... –0.001153 5,803 –0.001045 5,260

Michigan.............................................. –0.003188 24,879 –0.002805 21,892

Minnesota ............................................. –0.004869 19,579 –0.004257 17,116

Mississippi ............................................ –0.004033 8,929 –0.004149 9,184

Missouri .............................................. –0.003241 14,653 –0.002731 12,349

Montana .............................................. –0.006536 4,919 –0.005006 3,768

Nebraska.............................................. –0.001913 2,600 –0.001770 2,406

Nevada ............................................... –0.003763 7,131 –0.002387 4,524

New Hampshire ........................................ –0.002265 2,364 –0.002070 2,160

New Jersey ............................................ –0.000942 6,346 –0.000899 6,057

New Mexico........................................... –0.002139 3,207 –0.002023 3,034

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.001498 22,454 –0.001320 19,791

North Carolina ......................................... –0.001307 8,785 –0.001368 9,194

North Dakota .......................................... –0.004745 2,408 –0.004900 2,486

Ohio ................................................. –0.001834 16,302 –0.001729 15,365

Oklahoma ............................................. –0.004720 12,946 –0.003724 10,214

Oregon ............................................... –0.004482 12,948 –0.003771 10,895

Pennsylvania........................................... –0.001862 18,235 –0.001779 17,426

Rhode Island .......................................... –0.001588 1,338 –0.001451 1,222

South Carolina ......................................... –0.002527 8,378 –0.002147 7,118

South Dakota .......................................... –0.005879 3,532 –0.005273 3,168

Tennessee ............................................. –0.002040 9,583 –0.002340 10,996

Texas................................................. –0.002981 50,906 –0.002276 38,865

Utah ................................................. –0.002948 5,329 –0.003322 6,007

Vermont .............................................. –0.003834 1,940 –0.003687 1,866

Virginia ............................................... –0.002142 12,625 –0.002049 12,078

Washington............................................ –0.001012 5,037 –0.001076 5,361

West Virginia .......................................... –0.005125 7,470 –0.005457 7,954

Wisconsin ............................................. –0.002461 10,707 –0.003232 14,058

Wyoming ............................................. –0.006998 2,833 –0.006562 2,657

1 Use these parameters for total wildlife-watching participants and around-the-home participants.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 81

Table D-9. Parameters a, b, and c for Calculating Approximate Standard Errors for Expenditures and

Days or Trips for Wildlife-Watching Participants

State

Expenditures Days or trips

abcab c

United States............................ 0.000184 –1,140,662 67,137 0.000574 1,457,630 –8,497

Alabama .................................. 0.045588 –11,994 16,603 0.188740 –119,343 614

Alaska.................................... 0.120206 –27,366 3,041 –0.124071 –135,739 22,893

Arizona ................................... 0.030207 –53,304 10,729 –0.012992 48,146 15,350

Arkansas.................................. 0.099812 14,720 8,751 –0.017705 122,002 28,315

California ................................. 0.033850 –512,106 41,075 –0.045068 409,984 182,262

Colorado .................................. 0.027999 –274,128 22,499 –0.048837 –38,813 65,367

Connecticut................................ 0.021634 –65,691 10,399 –0.024457 –95,765 25,345

Delaware.................................. 0.065106 –1,447 1,138 –0.008505 9,777 5,498

Florida ................................... 0.023886 346,119 21,198 0.008852 367,813 29,038

Georgia ................................... 0.074762 –1,010,585 34,617 –0.043108 –269,579 83,544

Hawaii ................................... 0.083826 –21,578 2,574 –0.072050 –22,450 10,110

Idaho..................................... 0.062974 –42,113 7,740 –0.034736 –28,632 22,517

Illinois.................................... 0.036256 –247,805 22,614 –0.015710 –127,759 55,397

Indiana ................................... 0.036663 –31,127 16,250 –0.011371 –60,979 38,357

Iowa ..................................... 0.079272 54,459 5,841 –0.010582 –64,612 23,312

Kansas ................................... 0.065343 2,002 6,423 –0.009647 290,376 9,046

Kentucky ................................. 0.054215 7,733 10,118 –0.027046 –203,563 66,052

Louisiana ................................. 0.122208 –20,968 9,262 –0.027645 11,297 25,905

Maine .................................... 0.023874 –51,089 9,384 –0.124695 –361,658 61,734

Maryland ................................. 0.014472 –4,594 10,674 0.003905 125,364 13,230

Massachusetts.............................. 0.028723 –178,823 9,836 –0.028071 –151,233 43,446

Michigan.................................. 0.034044 –350,268 38,895 –0.189982 –1,478,372 355,858

Minnesota ................................. 0.074185 –156,337 26,053 –0.037135 –287,075 81,476

Mississippi ................................ 0.069734 –5,671 8,343 0.007734 –4,828 12,669

Missouri .................................. 0.050350 –370,879 19,939 –0.072363 –297,324 107,372

Montana .................................. 0.096467 –101,441 7,127 0.021739 75,970 2,590

Nebraska.................................. 0.057553 –29,126 3,150 –0.037603 –53,492 15,634

Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.114708 –32,736 5,704 0.007035 8,360 8,647

New Hampshire ............................ 0.014724 –17,918 4,039 –0.004938 74,043 4,376

New Jersey ................................ 0.022949 –169,333 13,969 –0.040442 238,149 40,992

New Mexico............................... 0.036652 16,768 4,306 –0.023441 72,449 11,803

New York . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.042036 –450,788 32,575 –0.019285 –366,511 102,534

North Carolina ............................. 0.061423 –16,794 13,694 –0.012815 19,657 37,216

North Dakota .............................. 0.155007 –2,199 1,794 0.150664 6,024 376

Ohio ..................................... 0.035458 –205,570 28,049 –0.018753 –103,758 63,267

Oklahoma ................................. 0.036357 –21,977 15,171 –0.000564 1,344,926 16,961

Oregon ................................... 0.062814 –65,011 9,965 –0.004734 831,881 37,513

Pennsylvania............................... 0.054585 –176,791 24,331 –0.024636 –296,844 94,825

Rhode Island .............................. 0.037242 –31 2,537 –0.019391 234 7,490

South Carolina ............................. 0.017341 –52,304 14,141 –0.021836 –45,588 28,960

South Dakota .............................. 0.058011 –16,346 3,878 –0.063876 –12,873 14,245

Tennessee ................................. 0.058962 –19,581 19,197 –0.067979 539,487 98,190

Texas..................................... 0.107126 268,978 41,639 –0.115263 –2,660,430 425,213

Utah ..................................... 0.056246 –5,750 4,842 –0.002938 –77,345 25,347

Vermont .................................. 0.005556 –22,018 4,065 –0.014449 33,588 6,073

Virginia ................................... 0.043764 –51,970 12,817 –0.046070 –227,508 91,189

Washington................................ 0.030615 –16,210 11,199 –0.000250 36,174 12,719

West Virginia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.118586 –4,653 8,819 –0.073404 38,459 30,640

Wisconsin ................................. 0.009997 –400,732 26,411 –0.015178 –125,383 46,927

Wyoming ................................. 0.083907 –31,350 3,012 –0.062286 –29,913 12,976
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2006 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation—Florida 83

Notes
Florida

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov

January 2008