P. I



### 817 2 

# ojflo ; Ffft- l

Federa l Register/

Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 1987 / Propose dRule s 

# -7 -

4 0 CF R Part 30 2 [FR-3122-7 1 Reportabl e Quantity Adjustment— Radionuclide s AGENCY: U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y (EPA)

. ACTION: Propose drule

. SUMMARY : Section s 103(a ) an d103(b ) o f th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an dLiabilit y Ac t of 198 0 (CERCLA) , a s amended , requir e tha t

person s i n charg e o f

vessel s o r facilitie s fro mwhic hahazardou s substanc e ha s bee nrelease di n quantitie s equa l t o o r

greate r tha nit s reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) immediatel y notif y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r o f th e release

. Sectio n102(b ) of CERCL A establishe s RQ s fo r

release s of designate dhazardou s substance s a t on e pound , excep t

thos e fo r

whic hRQ s hav e bee nestablishe dpursuan t t o sectio n 311(b)(4 ) of

th e Clea nWate r

Ac t (CWA)

. Sectio n102(a ) authorize s th e Administrato r

o f th e U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) t o adjus t RQ s fo r hazardou s substance s an dt o designat e a s hazardou s substance s thos e substance s which , whe nrelease d int o th e environment , ma y presen t substantia l dange r

t o th e publi c healt h o r welfar e o r

th e environment

. Th e R Q fo r radionuclide s establishe db y CERCL A i s on e poun dan dha s no t bee n adjuste db y regulation

. EP A recognize s tha t thi s R Q ma y no t

b e appropriat e becaus e release s o f

muc hles s tha non e pound , of radionuclide s ma y presen t a substantia l threa t

t o publi c healt ho r welfar e o r

th e environment

. Thi s propose drul e adjust s th e R Q fo r radionuclide s establishe dunde r sectio n 102(b)

. Thi s R Q adjustmen t i s intende d t o allo w EP A t o focu s it s resource s o n th e mos t seriou s release s an dt o protec t publi c healt han dwelfar e an dth e environmen t

mor e effectively

. DATES : Comment s mus t b e receive do n o r befor e Ma y 15,1987

. ADDRESSES : Th e toll-fre e telephon e numbe r o f th e Nationa l Respons e Cente i i s 1-800/424-8802 ; i n th e Washington , D C metropolita nare ath e numbe r i s 1

- 202/426-2675

. Comments: Comment s shoul db e submitte di n triplicat e to : Emergenc y Respons e Division , Docke t Clerk , Attention : Docke t

Numbe r 102RQ-RN , Roo mLG-100 , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , 40 1 M Street , SW , Washington , D C 20460

. Docket: Copie s of

material s relevan t t o thi s rulemakin g ar e kep t i n Roo mLG

10 0 a t th e abov e address

. Th e docke t i s availabl e fo r

inspectio nbetwee n9:00 a.m
. an d4:3 0 p.m
. Monda y throug h Friday , excludin g federa l holidays

. A s provide di n4 0 CF RPar t 2 , areasonabl e fe e ma y b e charge dfo r copyin g services

. FO RFURTHE

RINFORMATIO

N CONTACT : Ms

. Barbar aHostage , Projec t Office r Respons e Standard s an dCriteri a Branch , Emergenc y Respons e Divisio n (WH-548B ) U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , 401 M Stree t SW , Washington , D C 2046 0 o r th e RCRA/Superfun dHotline , 1-800/424

- 9346 ; i n Washington

. DC , 1-202/382

- 3000

. SUPPLEMENTAR

YINFORMATION : Th e content s o f

today' s preambl e ar e liste d i nth e followin g outline : I

. Introduction

. A

. Statutory Authority

. B

. Backgroundo

f thi s Rulemaking

. II

. Release s Covere db y thi s Notice

. A

. Hazardou s Substance s Subjec t to thi s Notice

. B

. Definitiono

f Release s Subjec t

to thi s Notic e an dStatutory Exemptions

. III

. Duplicate Reporting/Regulator y Consistency

. IV

. Reportabl e Quantity Adjustment s fo r Radionuclides

. A

. Introductio n an dPreviou s RQ Adjustment

Methodology

. B

. Option s Considere dan dRadionuclid e R Q Methodology

. C

. Alternativ e Approaches

. D

. Reportin g Requirement s fo r Mixture s o

f Radionuclides

. E

. Othe r Issues

. V

. Summar

y o f Supportin g Analyses

. I

. Introductio n A. Statutory Authority Th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an dLiabilit y Ac t of 198 0 (Pub

. L

. 96-510) , 4 2 U.S.C

. 960 1 e t seq
. (Superfund , CERCLA , o r th e Act) , a s amende db y th e Superfun d Amendment s an dReauthorizatio nAc t o f 198 6 (Pub

. L

. 99^499 ) (SARA) , establishe s broa dfedera l authorit y t o respon dt o release s o r

threat s o f release s o f

hazardou s substance s fro m vessel s an dfacilities

. Sectio n 101(14 ) o f th e Ac t define s th e ter m"hazardou s substances " b y referenc e t o othe r environmenta l statutes

. Sectio n 10 2 o f CERCL A give s th e Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y (EPA ) authorit y t o designat e additiona l hazardou s substances

. Currently , ther e ar e 71 7 CERCL A hazardou s substances

. Sectio n10 3 o f

th e Ac t require s th e perso ni n charg e o f

avesse l o r

facilit y ' t o notif

y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r immediatel y whe nther e i s areleas e of a hazardou s substanc e i n a n amoun t equa l t o o r

greate r tha n th e reportabl e quantit y (RQ ) fo r

tha t substance. 2 Sectio n102(b ) of

CERCL A establishe s RQ s fo r release s of

hazardou s substance s a t

on e pound , excep t

fo r thos e substance s fo r

whic hRQ s wer e establishe dpursuan t

t o sectio n31 1 o f th e Clea nWate r

Ac t (CWA)

. Sectio n 102(a ) of CERCL A authorize s EP A t o adjus t al l o f thes e RQ s b y regulation

. A majo r purpos e of

th e sectio n10 3 (a ) an d(b ) notificatio nrequiremen t i s t o aler t th e appropriat e governmen t official s t o release s of

hazardou s substance s tha t

ma y requir e afedera l respons e t o protec t

publi c healt han d welfar e an dth e environment

. Unde r sectio n 104 o f

th e Act , th e federa l governmen t

ma y respon dwheneve r ther e i s areleas e o r

asubstantia l threa t o f areleas e of

ahazardou s substanc e int o th e environment

. Respons e activitie s ar e t o b e taken , t o th e exten t practicable , i n accordanc e wit hth e Nationa l Contingenc y Pla n (NCP ) (4 0 CF RPar t 300) , whic hwa s develope d originall y unde r

th e CW A an dwhic h ha s bee nrevise dt o reflec t th e responsibilitie s an dauthorit y create db y CERCLA. 3 EP A emphasize s tha t a hazardou s substanc e releas e notificatio ni s merel y atrigge r fo r informin g th e governmen t of areleas e s o tha t th e appropriat e federa l personne l ca nevaluat e th e nee dfo r afedera l remova l o r

remedia l actio n an d undertak e an y necessar y actio ni n a timel y fashion

. Federa l personne l wil l evaluat e al l reporte dreleases , bu t wiL

. no t necessaril y initiat e aremova l o r remedia l actio ni n respons e t o al l reporte dreleases , becaus e th e releas e of a nR Q wil l no t

necessaril y pos e a hazar dt o publi c healt ho r welfar e o r

th e environmen t

i n al l circumstances

. Governmen t

personne l wil l asses s eac h reporte dreleas e o n acase-by-cas e basi s t o determin e th e appropriat e action

. I n

1 Fo r thi s propose drul e o

n radionuclides , i

t i s important to consider

the CERCL

A definitio n o

f "facility " i

n sectio n 101(9)

. A numbe r o f consume r product s sucha s watche s an dsmok e detector s may
contai n (anda

t som e poin t release ) radionuclides

. Th e CERCL A definitio n o

f "facility " specifically exclude s an

y consumer

produc t i n consume

r use ; thu s an y releas e o

f radionuclide s fro

msuc h product s when i

n consume

r us e are no t

subjec t to th e notificatio n requirement s discusse di n thi s propose drule

. 8 A releas e into th e environment o f asubstanc e whichi s no t

liste da s aCERCL

A hazardou s substanc e but

whichrapidl y forms aCERCL A hazardou s substanc e upon releas e i s subjec t t o the notificatio n requirement s o f sectio n 103

. I

f th e amoun t o f the hazardou s substanc e forme da s such areactio n produc t

equal s or exceed s the R

Q fo r that substance , the releas e mus t b e reporte dto th e National Respons e Center

. 3 Th e NC Pi s being revise dpresentl y t o ensure tha t response s to release s o

f radionuclide s als o will b e undertake n consistent wit hthe Federal Radiologica

l Emergency Respons e Pla n (FRERP)

.P. 2



### Federa l Register/

Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 1987 / Propose dRule s 817 1

TABL E 117.3—REPORTABL E QUANTITIE S O F HAZARDOU S SUBSTANCES — Continue d
Materia l Categor y R Q i n pound s (kilograms )
Sodiu m bisulfit e Sodiu m chromat e Sodiu m cyanid e Sodiu m dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

. Sodiu m fluorid e Sodiu m hydrosulfid e Sodiu m hydroxid e Sodiu m hypochlorit e Sodiu m methylat e Sodiu m nitrit e Sodiu m phosphate , dibasi c Sodiu m phosphate , tribasi c Sodiu m selenit e Strontiu m chromat e Strychnin e Styren e Sulfuri caci d Sulfu rmonochlorid e 2,4,5- Taci d 2,4,5- Tamine s 2,4,5- Tester s 2,4,5- Tsalt s TD E 2,4,5-T P aci d 2,4,5-T P aci d ester s Tetraethy l lea d Tetraethy l pyrophosphat e Thalliu m sulfat e Toluen e Toxaphen e Trichlorfo n trichloroethylen e Trichloropheno l Triethanolamin e dodecylbenzenesulfonate

. Triethylamin e Trimethylamin e Urany l acetat e Urany l nitrat e Vanadiu m pentoxid e Vanady l sulfat e Viny l acetat e Vinyliden e chlorid e Xylen e Xyleno l Zin cacetat e Zin cammoniu m chlorid e Zin cborat e Zin cbromid e Zin ccarbonat e Zin cchlorid e Zin ccyanid e Zin cfluorid e Zin cformat e Zin chydrosulfit e Zin cnitrat e Zin cphenolsulfonat e Zin cphosphid e Zin csilicofluorid e Zin csulfat e Zirconiu m nitrat e Zirconiu m potassiu m fluorid e Zirconiu m sulfat e Zirconiu m tetrachlorid e D X A C C D C B C B D D B X A C C C C D C C X B B A A B C X B B A C
D B B B C C D B C C C C C C C C A C C C C D B D C D C D D 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 1 (0.454 ) 1 0 (4.54 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 1,000(454 ) 100(45.4 ) 1,000(454 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 100(45.4 ) 1 (0.454 ) 10(4.54 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1 (0.454 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 1 0 (4.54 ) 1 0 (4.54 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 1,000(454 ) 1 (0.454 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 10(4.54 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 100(45.4 ) 100(45.4 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000 (454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,00 0 (454 ) 10(4.54 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000(454 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 10 0 (45.4 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 1,000(454 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 ) 5,00 0 (2,270 )

[F RDoc
. 87-34 4 File d 3-13-87 ; 8:45 am ]
BILLING
. COD E 6560-5 0 ,P. 3

Federa l Registe r/

Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 198 7 / Propose dRule s 817 3

certai nlimite dsituations , whe ndirec t reportin g t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r i s no t practicable , th e perso ni n charg e ma y repor t

t o th e neares t

Coas t Guard

- o r

EPA-predesignate dOn-Scen e Coordinato r

(OSC)

. I f i t i s no t possibl e t o notif y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r o r predesignate dOS C immediately , report s ma y b e mad e immediatel y t o th e neares t Coas t Guar dunit , provide dtha t th e perso ni ncharg e notifie s th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r a s soo na s possibl e (4 0 CF

R§ 300.63(b ) an d3 3 CF R § 153.203)

. Sectio n103(b ) of

CERCL A authorize s penalties , includin g crimina l sanctions , fo r person s i ncharg e o f

vessel s o r facilitie s wh o fai l t o repor t release s o f hazardou s substance s whic hequa l o r excee dRQs

. Sectio n 10 9 o f SAR A amend s sectio n103(b ) of CERCLA , increasin g th e maximu mpenaltie s an d year s o f imprisonment

. An y perso nwho , a s soo na s tha t

perso nha s knowledg e o f areportabl e release , fail s t o repor t th e releas e immediatel y pursuan t t o sectio n 103(b ) o r wh o submit s an y informatio n whic hh e know s t o b e fals e o r misleading , shall , upo nconviction , b e fine di naccordanc e wit hth e applicabl e provision s of

Titl e 18 , Unite dState s Cod e (no t

mor e tha n$250,00 0 o r $500,000 , dependin g upo nwhethe r th e violato r i s a nindividua l o r

a n organization) , o r

imprisone dfo r

no t mor e tha nthre e year s (o r no t mor e tha n fiv e year s for

secon dan dsubsequen t convictions) , o r

both

. Notification s receive dunde r

sectio n 103(b ) o r informatio nobtaine db y exploitatio n o f suc hnotification s canno t b e use d agains t an y reportin g perso ni nan y crimina l case , excep t

aprosecutio nfo r perjur y o r

fo r givin g afals e statement

. Sectio n10 9 of

SAR A als o provide s fo r a syste mof

administrativ e penaltie s fo r violation s o f

CERCL A sectio n103(b) , enforceabl e throug hcivi l proceedings

. B. Background

of this Rulemaking O nMa y 25,1983 , EP A propose darul e (4 8 F R23552 ) t o clarif

y procedure s fo r reportin g release s an dt o adjus t RQ s fo r 38 7 o f th e the n69 6 CERCL A hazardou s substances

. Tha t

Notic e o f

Propose d Rulemakin g (NPRM ) als o listed , fo r th e firs t time , th e "hazardou s substances " designate db y sectio n 101(14 ) o f CERCLA

. Th e NPRM discusse di ndetai l th e CERCL A notificatio nprovision s includin g th e person s require dt o notif y th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r o f a release , th e substance s fo r whic h notificatio ni s required , th e type s o f release s subjec t

t o th e notificatio n requirements , th e exemption s fro mthes e notificatio nrequirements , th e methodolog y an dcriteri ause dt o adjus t th e R Q levels , an dth e adjustment s propose dunde r sectio n 10 2 o f

CERCL A an dunde r

sectio n 31 1 of

th e CWA

. Thes e issue s wer e discusse dfurthe r i n th e preambl e t o arul e makin g fina l 34 0 of th e 38 7 propose dRQs , publishe do n Apri l 4,198 5 (5 0 F

R13456)

. The y wil l b e discusse dagai n i nthi s preambl e onl y t o th e exten t

tha t EP A need s t o provid e additiona l explanatio no f thes e issue s i n th e specifi c contex t

o f adjustin g RQ s fo r release s o f

radionuclides

. I t shoul db e note dtha t

othe r provision s o f

CERCL A ma y appl y eve n wher e th e statut e doe s no t requir e notification

. Therefore , nothin g i n thi s rulemakin g shoul db e interprete da s reflectin g Agenc y polic y o r th e applicabl e la w wit hrespec t t o othe r provision s of

th e Act

. Fo r

example , unles s specificall y exempte dunde r CERLCA , apart y responsibl e fo r a releas e i s liabl e fo r

th e cost s o f

cleanin g u p tha t releas e an dfo r

an y natura l resourc e damage s cause db y th e release , eve n i f th e releas e i s no t

subjec t t o th e notificatio n requirement s o f section s 10 3 (a ) an d(b)

. Similarly , prope r reportin g o f areleas e i naccordanc e wit hsection s 10 3 (a ) an d(b ) doe s no t preclud e liabilit y fo r

cleanu p costs

. Th e fac t tha t areleas e o f

ahazardou s substanc e i s properl y reporte do r

tha t i t i s no t subjec t t o th e notificatio nrequirement s of section s 10 3 (a ) an d(b ) wil l no t preven t EP A o r othe r governmenta l agencie s fro mtakin g respons e action s unde r sectio n 104 , seekin g reimbursemen t fro m responsibl e partie s unde r sectio n107 , o r pursuin g a nenforcemen t actio n agains t responsibl e partie s unde r sectio n106

. Not e als o tha t

thi s propose drul e doe s no t affec t hazardou s substanc e reportin g requirement s impose db y othe r regulation s an dstatutes

. II
. Release s Covere d b y Thi s Notic e A. Hazardous Substances Subject to this Notice Congres s incorporate dsi x list s o f substances , identifie dprimaril y unde r othe r environmenta l statutes , i nth e definitio n o f

hazardou s substance s unde r sectio n101(14 ) o f

CERCLA

. Thes e list s are : (1 ) Substance s designate dpursuan t t o sectio n 31 1 o f

th e Clea n Wate r

Ac t (CWA) ; (2 ) Hazardou s waste s unde r sectio n 300 1 o f th e Soli dWast e Disposa l Ac t (commonl y know n a s th e Resourc e Conservatio nan dRecover y Ac t o r "RCRA") , bu t

excludin g waste s th e regulatio no f

whic hha s bee n suspende db y Congress ; (3 ) Toxi c pollutant s liste dunde r CW A sectio n307(a) ; (4 ) Hazardou s ai r

pollutant s liste dunde r sectio n11 2 of

th e Clea nAi r

Act ; (5 ) Imminentl y hazardou s chemical s o r

mixture s fo r

whic hEP A ha s take n actio nunde r

sectio n7 of

th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Act ; an d (6 ) Substance s designate dpursuan t t o sectio n 10 2 of

CERCLA

. Radionuclides , th e subjec t of thi s propose drule , ar e considere dhazardou s substance s unde r

CERCL A becaus e the y wer e designate dgenericall y a s hazardou s ai r

pollutant s pursuan t

t o sectio n 11 2 of

th e Clea nAi r

Act

. Eve n thoug hth e sourc e o f

thei r listin g i s th e Clea n Ai r

Act , release s of

radionuclide s t o al l medi aar e covere dunde r sectio n 10 3 o f CERCL A an dth e provision s o f thi s rule

. A radionuclid e i s aparticula r form (isotope ) o f

a nelemen t

whic hi s unstable

. T o achiev e amor e stabl e configuration , th e nucleu s release s energ y i n th e formo f

particle s o r electromagneti c radiatio n b y aproces s o f deca y calle dradioactivity

. Eac h radionuclid e decay s a t

adifferen t

rat e and , a s aresult , apoun do f eac hof tw o differen t radionuclide s coul drepresen t significantl y differen t

level s o f radioactivity

. Th e principa l healt h concer n associate dwit haradionuclid e releas e i s carcinogenicity

. Ther e ar e approximatel y 1,800 differen t radionuclide s and , becaus e the y ar e liste dgenericall y a s ahazardou s ai r pollutan t unde r th e Clea n Ai r

Act , al l 1,800 ar e considere dCERCL A hazardou s substances

. Unti l adjuste db y EP A unde r

sectio n 102(a ) of

CERCLA , al l radionuclide s hav e astatutor y R Q o f on e pound

. Urany l acetat e an durany l nitrate , whic har e specificall y liste da s CERCL A hazardou s substance s becaus e the y ar e include dunde r

sectio n 31 1 o f

th e Clea n Wate r Act , hav e afina l adjuste dR Q o f 10 0 pound s base do nthei r chemica l toxicit y (5 1 F

R34534 , Septembe r

29 , 1986)

. Thes e compound s ar e compose d o f approximatel y 6 6 percen t uranium , mos t generall y uranium-238

. Becaus e 10 0 pound s of

uranium-23 8 i s approximatel y 0.01 5 curie , apropose dR Q base do n radiologica l hazar dcoul db e highe r tha n th e fina l adjuste dR Q base do n chemica l toxicity

. Therefore , th e fina l adjuste d R Q fo r urany l acetat e an durany l nitrat e wil l remai n10 0 pound s i f th e R Q base d o nradiologica l hazar di s greate r tha n 0.01 5 curie

. B. Definition of

Releases Subject

to this Notice and

Statutory Exemptions Congres s define dth e ter m"release " t o includ e withi nit s scop e virtuall y al l way s tha t

substance s ma y ente r

th e environment :P. 4

817 4 Federa l Registe r/ Vol
. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 198 7 /Propose dRule s

"release " mean s an y spilling , leaking , pumping , pouring , emitting , emptying , discharging , injecting , escaping , leaching , dumping , o r

disposin g int o th e environmen t

(includin g th e abandonmen t

o r discardin g o f

barrels , containers , an dothe r

close dreceptacle s containin g an y hazardou s substanc e o r pollutan t o r contaminant ] (sectio n 101(22 ) a s amende db y sectio n101(c ) o f SARA)

. Fou r type s o f release s ar e specificall y exclude dfro mth e definitio no f releas e i nCERCL A sectio n101(22 ) an dthu s d o no t nee dt o b e reporte dunde r sectio n 103 : (1 ) Release s whic hresul t i nexposure s t o person s solel y withi naworkplac e fo r whic hclaim s agains t

th e employe r

o r othe r person s ar e available ; (2 ) Emission s fro mengin e exhaus t fro m amoto r vehicle , rollin g stock , aircraft , vessel , o r

pipelin e pumpin g statio n engines ; (3 ) Release s o f

source , byproduct , o r specia l nuclea r

material 4 fro ma nuclea r inciden t subjec t t o requirement s o f

th e Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio nfo r financia l protectio nunde r

sectio n17 0 o f

th e Atomi c Energ y Act ; 6 an d (4 ) Th e norma l application s o f fertilizers

. Radionuclid e release s ma y b e exclude dfro mreportin g requirement s becaus e the y fal l unde r an y o f thes e fou r provisions

. Fo r

example , exposur e o f person s t o radionuclid e release s solel y withi naworkplac e an dradionuclid e release s resultin g fro mth e norma l applicatio no f

fertilize r containin g radionuclide s ar e bot hpossible

. Th e exclusio nfo r

radionuclide s mos t

likel y t o b e o f greates t importance , however , i s fo r release s o f

source , byproduct , o r specia l nuclea r

materia l fro manuclea r incident

. Nuclea r

reactor s ar e th e primar y typ e o f

facilit y subjec t

t o th e

* Sourc e materia l i s define d a s (1 ) natura l uranium , thorium , o ran y combinatio n thereo f o r(2 ) ore s whic h contai n 0.0 5 percen t(b y weight ) o f uraniu m o rthoriu m (sectio n ll(z ) o f th e Atomi c Energy Act , an d Nuclea rRegulator y Commissio n regulation s i n 1 0 CF

RPar t40)
. Byproduc tmateria l i s (1 ) an y materia l mad e radioactiv e b y exposur e t o radiatio n i n th e proces s of producin g o rusin g specia l nuclea rmateria l o r(2 ) th e waste s produce d b y th e extractio n o rconcentratio n o f uraniu m o r thorium from or e (sectio n 11(e ) of th e Atomi c Energ y Act)
. Specia l nuclea rmateria l i s define d a s plutonium , o ruraniu m enriche d i n th e U-23 5 o rU
23 3 isotop e (Atomi cEnerg y Ac tsectio n ll(aa))
. Al l o f thes e material s ar e license d b y th e Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio n an d it s Agreemen tStates
. * A releas e o f

source , byproduct , o rspecia l nuclea rmateria l fro

m aprocessin g sit e designate d unde rsection s 102(a)(1 ) o r302(a ) o f th e Uraniu m Mil l Tailing s Radiatio n Contro l Ac to f 197 8 i s no ta "release " fo rpurpose s o f respons e action s unde r CERCLA , bu ti s subjec tt o th e notificatio n requirement s o f

section s 10 3 (a ) an d (b ) (se e sectio n 101(22) ) an d liabilit y unde rsectio n 107
. reference dsectio n17 0 o f th e Atomi c Energ y Act

. Sectio n17 0 essentiall y require s certai nlicensees , a s aconditio n o f receivin g alicense , t o hav e an d maintai ncertai n financia l protectio n t o cove r publi c liabilit y claims

. I naddition , ther e ar e thre e type s o f statutor y exemption s fro mth e notificatio nrequirement s fo r release s o f hazardou s substances : (1 ) Federall y permitte drelease s a s define di n sectio n101(10) , (sectio n 103(a)) ; (2 ) Applicatio n o f

pesticid e product s registere dunde r

th e Federa l Insecticide , Fungicide , an d Rodenticid e Ac t

(FIFRA) , (sectio n 103(e)) ; an d (3 ) Certai nrelease s o f

hazardou s waste s whic har e require dt o b e reporte d(o r specificall y exempte dfro ma requiremen t

fo r reporting ) unde r

th e provision s of

RCR A an dwhic har e reporte dt o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r (sectio n 103(f)(1))

. Whil e radionuclide s conceivabl y coul db e presen t

i nlo w level s i nsom e pesticides , th e pesticid e exemptio n i s no t significan t

fo r radionuclides

. RCR A include s unde r

it s jurisdictio n hazardou s waste s containin g naturall y occurrin g an daccelerator-produce dradioactiv e materia l (NARM) , an dtherefore , NAR M release s reporte dunde r RCR A ar e exemp t fro mCERCLA' s reportin g requirements

. However , becaus e RCR A doe s no t cove r source , byproduct , an d specia l nuclea r

material s othe r

tha n i n mixture s wit hothe r

hazardou s wastes , an ddoe s no t

cove r NAR M release s othe r tha n i n wastes , th e RCR A reportin g exemptio n doe s no t appl y t o release s o f

thes e materials

. Th e federall y permitte dreleas e exemptio ni s base do nalength y statutor y definitio no f

"federall y permitte drelease " i n sectio n 101(10 ) o f

- th e Ac t tha t include s areferenc e t o radioactiv e material : (10 ) "federall y permitte drelease " mean s
. . . (K

) an y release o

f source , special nuclear , o r

byproduc t

material , a s thos e term s ar e define dinth e Atomi c Energy Ac t o f 1954 , incomplianc e wit

halegally enforceabl e license , permit , regulation , o r orde r issue dpursuan t

t o th e Atomi c Energy Ac t o f 1954

. EP A plan s t o clarif

y th e provision s of CERCL A sectio n 101(10 ) i n afutur e rulemaking

. Th e preambl e t o tha t regulatio nwil l contai n som e genera l discussio n o f

th e federall y permitte d releas e exemption , includin g th e provisio nreference dabove , an da respons e t o comment s receive do n th e Ma y 25,198 3 NPR M (4 8 F R23552 ) whic h firs t discusse dth e federall y permitte d releas e exemptions

. Th e followin g discussio ni s amor e detaile d explanatio n o f

th e federall y permitte d releas e exemptio n a s i t applie s t o radionuclides

. Th e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commissio n i s responsibl e fo r

man y activitie s unde r th e Atomi c Energ y Act

. License s an d permit s ma y b e issue db y th e Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio no r b y state s t o who mth e authorit y t o regulat e radiation-relate dactivitie s ha s bee n relinquishe dunde r

a n agreemen t

wit h th e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commissio n (i.e. , Agreemen t

States)

. Release s i n complianc e wit hlicense s an dpermit s issue db y Agreemen t

State s unde r

a n agreemen t

wit hth e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commissio nar e federall y permitte d releases

. Thes e licensin g an dpermittin g activitie s generall y cove r production , transfer , receipt , acquisition , use , delivery , an downershi p b y an y perso n o f source , specia l nuclear , o r byproduc t material

. The y includ e activitie s regulate di n conformanc e wit h Environmenta l Radiatio n Protectio n Standard s fo r

Nuclea r Powere d Operation s (4 0 CFRPar t 190 ) an d Environmenta l Standard s fo r Uraniu m an dThoriu mMil l Tailing s (4 0 CF RPar t 192 ) issue db y EP A unde r th e Atomi c Energ y Act

. Facilitie s typicall y handlin g sourc e material s includ e uraniu mmill s an duraniu mprocessin g facilities

. Byproduc t

material s ar e use da t

awid e variet y o f

facilitie s includin g radiopharmaceutica l manufacturers , hospital s an dclinics , seale dsourc e manufacturers , an dlaboratories

. Specia l nuclea r materia l i s primaril y use da s fue l fo r nuclea r reactor s an di nth e productio no f

nuclea r weapons
. Regulation s issue db y th e Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio n specificall y exemp t certai nfacilitie s fro mth e Commission' s licensing , permitting , an d regulator y requirements

. Generally , thes e includ e facilitie s operate dunde r Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio n contracts ; transpor t

carrier s of

source , byproduct , o r

specia l nuclea r

material ; thos e usin g "unimportan t quantities " o f sourc e material ; an dcertai n productio n an dutilizatio nfacilitie s operate db y o r fo r th e Departmen t

o f Defens e (se e 1 0 CFRPart s 30 , 40 , 5 0 an d70)

. Becaus e o f thei r specifi c exemptio n fro mlicensing , permitting , an dregulator y requirement s o f th e Commission , th e Agenc y doe s no t conside r release s o f

radionuclide s fro m thes e facilitie s t o b e "federall y permitted. " Therefore , suc hrelease s woul dno t

fal l unde r

th e reportin g exemptio n define di n sectio n101(10 ) o f CERCLA

. Administratio n o f

th e Atomi c Energ y Ac t doe s no t

resid e solel y wit hth e Nuclea r Regulator y Commission

. T o th eP. 5

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exten t release s fro msource s ar e i n accordanc e wit hlicenses , permits , orders , o r

regulation s issue dunde r th e Atomi c Energ y Ac t

throug hprovision s not administere db y th e Commission , the y als o woul db e considere dfederall y permitte dreleases

. Thi s woul dinclud e order s issue dunde r

th e Departmen t

o f Energy' s Atomi c Energ y Ac t authority

. Othe r aspect s o f

th e federall y permitte dreleas e exemptio nals o coul d appl y i nth e cas e o f

radionuclides

. Th e exemptio ngenerall y cover s discharge s an demission s i n complianc e wit h permit s an dcontro l regulation s unde r variou s environmenta l statutes

. Radionuclide s are , fo r

example , regulate db y EP A a s ahazardou s ai r pollutan t unde r sectio n11 2 o f

th e Clea n Ai r Act

. An y radionuclid e releas e subjec t t o aspecifi c emissio nlimitatio n o r contro l regulatio nestablishe dunde r tha t sectio nwoul db e exemp t a s federall y permitted , if

th e release^ver e i ncomplianc e wit hth e applicabl e Clea n Ai r Ac t limit

. I f th e release , however , exceede dth e permitte dleve l b y a n R Q o r more , th e releas e woul db e subjec t t o th e CERCL A reportin g requirements

. Thi s issu e wil l b e clarifie dfurthe r i n th e separat e rulemakin g fo r th e federall y permitte dreleas e reportin g exemption

. I nadditio nt o th e statutor y exemption s fro mth e R Q notificatio n requirement s for

release s o f

hazardou s substances , sectio n103(f)(2 ) o f th e Ac t provide s areduce dreportin g requiremen t

fo r release s tha t

ar e "continuous " an d"stabl e i nquantit y an drate. " Suc hrelease s onl y nee dt o b e reporte dannuall y o r

whe nther e i s a statisticall y significan t

increas e i nth e quantit y o f

th e hazardou s substanc e released

. Therefore , release s of radionuclide s tha t

ar e "continuous " an d "stabl e i nquantit y an drate " ma y qualif y fo r thi s reduce dreportin g requirement

. Th e Agenc y plan s t o clarif y th e languag e an dth e notificatio n requirement s fo r

continuou s release s i n afutur e rulemaking

. I nsummary , release s o f radionuclide s tha t d o no t fal l withi non e of

th e fou r specifically-liste dexclusion s unde r CERCL A sectio n101(22 ) an dd o no t fal l unde r on e of th e thre e statutor y exemption s unde r

CERCL A sectio n 103 , woul db e subjec t

t o thi s Notic e of Propose dRulemaking

. III

. Duplicat e Reporting/Regulator y Consistenc y Severa l federa l agencie s hav e existin g requirement s t o repor t

radionuclid e releases , includin g th e Nuclea r Regulator y Commissio nan dth e Department s o f

Transportatio nan d Energy

. EP A ma y als o requir e reportin g unde r th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Ac t (TSCA)

. Th e relevan t

reportin g requirement s o f

eac hagenc y ar e briefl y summarize di n thi s section

. Th e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commissio n control s th e handlin g o f source , byproduct , an dspecia l nuclea r material s throug ha nextensiv e licensin g an d regulator y program
. Thi s progra m include s severa l differen t requirement s fo r responsibl e partie s t o repor t release s o f radionuclide s immediatel y i n certai n case s o f materia l los s o r

wher e areleas e ma y hav e cause do r

threaten s t o caus e certai ndos e o r

intak e level s t o individual s (se e 1 0 CF RPart s 2 a30 , 40 , an d70)

. I n additio nt o thes e requirements , th e Commissio nha s severa l othe r

requirement s t o repor t

. withi naspecifie dtim e afte r arelease , bu t no t immediatel y (e.g. , withi n 2 4 hour s o r withi n 3 0 day s fo r

release s involvin g potentia l fo r

lowe r level s o f exposur e an dlowe r

radioactiv e concentrations)

. Th e Departmen t

o f Transportatio n (DOT ) i s responsibl e fo r regulatin g safet y i nth e transportatio n o f al l hazardou s materials

. Accordingly , DO T ha s promulgate dth e Hazardou s Material s Regulation s (4 9 CF RPart s 171-177 ) t o gover n th e transportatio no f hazardou s materials , includin g radioactiv e materials , an dth e reportin g o f release s associate dwit htransport

. Reportin g i s require dfo r eac hinciden t occurrin g durin g th e cours e o f transportation , includin g death , injury , propert y damag e exceedin g $50,000 , o r spillag e o r

suspecte dcontamination

. DO T define s radioactiv e materia l a s an y materia l havin g aspecifi c activit y greate r tha n 0.00 2 microcurie s pe r gram
. Accordin g t o aMemorandu mo f Understandin g (4 4 FR38690 , Jul y 2,1979 ) betwee n DO T an dth e Nuclea r Regulator y Commission , DO T wil l promptl y notif

y th e Commissio no f

an y accidents , incidents , an dinstance s o f actua l o r suspecte dleakag e involvin g radioactiv e materia l package s i f suc ha n even t occur s i n transit

. DO T als o ha s th e responsibilit y o f

encouragin g th e non
Agreemen t

State s t o impos e inciden t reportin g requirement s fo r radioactiv e material s o n shipper s an dreceiver s subjec t t o th e states ' jurisdiction

. Th e Departmen t

o f Energ y (DOE ) play s tw o entirel y differen t role s i n th e are aof radionuclid e releases

. I n th e firs t role , ther e ar e man y establishe d requirement s fo r

DO Eo r it s contractor s an dothe r

member s o f

th e regulate d communit y t o repor t

radionuclid e release s immediately , generall y t o a DO Eregiona l operatio n office , whic h ma y i ntur n repor t

th e releas e t o DO E Headquarters

. Man y o f thes e requirement s ar e self-impose dan dar e

spelle dou t

i nsevera l differen t

interna l order s writte n unde r

th e authorit y o f

th e Atomi c Energ y Act

. Thei r purpose s includ e environmenta l protection , safety , an dhealt hprotection

. I n it s secon drole , DOE , throug hth e Federa l Radiologica l Monitorin g an d Assessmen t

Plan , provide s expertise , guidance , an dassistanc e i n respons e t o radiologica l hazard s create db y others

. DO Ei s generall y exemp t fro mlicensin g b y th e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commissio n throug hth e Atomi c Energ y Act , an di s thu s exemp t

fro mth e Commission' s reportin g requirement s discusse dabove

. However , a s amatte r

o f policy , DO E require s reportin g t o externa l organization s t o kee p the mapprise do f importan t

event s a t

DO Efacilities

. Sectio n8(e ) o f

th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Ac t

(TSCA ) als o ma y requir e reportin g wher e CERCL A doe s not

. Pursuan t t o aStatemen t

of Interpretatio n publishe dMarc h16,197 8 (4 3 FR11110) , al l emergenc y incident s o f environmenta l contaminatio n tha t presen t a"substantia l risk

o f injur y t o healt ho r th e environment " mus t b e reporte dt o EP A unde r

TSC A sectio n 8(e)

. Sectio n 8(e ) coul drequir e notificatio neve n wher e n o CERCL A hazardou s substance s o r RQ s hav e bee n released

. Person s subjec t t o th e notificatio nrequiremen t includ e bot h natura l person s an dbusines s entitie s engage di n th e manufacturing , processing , o r

commercia l distributio n o f chemica l substance s o r mixtures

. N o notificatio ni s require dif th e manufacturer , processor , o r distributo r know s tha t

EP A ha s bee n informe do f th e ris k presente db y th e incident

. Fo r radionuclid e release s subjec t t o CERCLA , asingl e notificatio n t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r wil l satisf

y bot hCERCL A an dTSC A sectio n 8(e ) reportin g requirements ; th e Agenc y wil l ensur e tha t

sectio n 8(e ) report s ar e passe dt o th e prope r

authorities

. CERCL A reportin g requirement s remai napplicabl e an dmandator y despit e occasiona l overla p wit hth e reportin g requirement s note dabov e unde r othe r statute s an dauthorities

. A t most , th e duplicatio ntha t exist s ma y requir e tha t

mor e tha non e telephon e cal l concernin g areleas e b e mad e b y th e release r an drecorde db y governmen t agencies

. Th e releaser' s responsibilit y t o notif y othe r federa l agencie s i s no t affecte db y thi s propose drule

. EP A wil l b e continuin g it s effort s t o coordinat e it s regulatio n o f

radionuclide s an d cooperat e wit hothe r

federa l agencies

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IV
. Reportabl e Quantit y Adjustment s fo r Radionuclide s A. Introduction and

Previous RQ Adjustment

Methodology Th e primar y purpos e of th e CERCL A notificatio nrequirement s i s t o ensur e tha t releaser s notif

y th e governmen t

s o tha t th e nee dfo r

afedera l respons e ca n b e evaluate dan dan y necessar y respons e undertake ni natimel y fashion

.

- Wit hthi s purpos e i nmind , EP A ha s t o dat e promulgate dtw o fina l rules , adjustin g atota l o f

44 2 o f th e statutor y RQ s fo r CERCL A hazardou s substance s (5 0 F R13458 , Apri l 4,1985 ; 5 1 F R34534

. Septembe r

29,1986)

. Al l o f

thes e R Q adjustment s ar e base do n specifi c scientifi c an dtechnica l criteri atha t relat e t o th e potentia l toxicologica l an d chemica l effect s o f

ahazardou s substance

. Th e adjuste dRQ s d o no t reflec t adeterminatio ntha t

areleas e o f asubstanc e wil l b e hazardou s a t th e R Q leve l an dno t

hazardou s belo w tha t level

. EP A ha s no t

attempte dt o mak e 'suc hadeterminatio nbecaus e th e actua l hazar dwil l var y wit hth e uniqu e circumstance s o f

th e release , an d extensiv e dat aan danalysi s woul db e necessar y t o determin e th e hazar d presente db y eac hsubstanc e i na numbe r of possibl e circumstances

. Instead , th e RQ s reflec t th e Agency' s judgmen t

o f whic hrelease s shoul d trigge r mandator y notificatio nt o th e federa l governmen t

s o tha t th e governmen t

ma y asses s t o wha t

extent , if any , afedera l remova l o r remedia l actio nma y b e necessary
. Th e R Q adjustment s mad e t o dat e hav e bee ndesigne dto : (1 ) Protec t

publi c healt han dth e environmen t

mor e effectively ; (2 ) Improv e EPA' s abilit y t o concentrat e it s attentio nan dresource s o nth e release s tha t

potentiall y ar e mos t threatenin g t o publi c healt ho r welfar e o r th e environment ; an d (3 ) Reduc e th e burden s o f reportin g o n th e regulate dcommunity

. Th e selecte dstrateg y use dfo r adjustin g RQ s i npreviou s rulemaking s begin s wit ha nevaluatio no f th e intrinsi c physical , chemical , an d toxicologica l propertie s o f eac h designate dhazardou s substance

. Th e intrinsi c propertie s examined—calle d "primar y criteria"—ar e aquati c toxicity , mammalia ntoxicit y (oral , dermal , an d inhalation) , ignitability , reactivity , chroni c toxicity , an dpotentia l carcinogenicity

. (Fo r

th e purpose s o f

thi s rule , chroni c toxicit y i s define da s toxicit y resultin g fro mrepeate do r continuou s exposur e t o eithe r asingl e releas e o r

multipl e release s o f

a hazardou s substance. ) Th e Agenc y generall y rank s eac h intrinsi c propert y o nafive-tie r scale , associatin g aspecifie drang e o f value s o neac hscal e wit haparticula r R Q value

. Thus , eac hsubstanc e receive s severa l tentativ e R Q value s base do nit s particula r

properties

. Th e lowes t o f al l o f th e tentativ e RQ s become s th e "primar y criteri aRQ " fo r tha t substance

. Afte r th e primar y criteri aRQ s ar e assigned , substance s ar e furthe r evaluate dfo r

thei r susceptibilit y t o certai ndegradativ e processes
. Thes e natura l degradativ e processe s ar e biodegradation , hydrolysis , an d photolysis , o r

"BHP. " I

f th e analysi s indicate s tha t

asubstanc e degrade s relativel y rapidl y t o ales s harmfu l compoun dthroug hon e o r mor e o f thes e processe s whe ni t

i s release dint o th e environment , th e primar y criteri aR Q i s raise don e level

. Th e singl e R Q assigne d t o eac hsubstanc e o n th e basi s o f th e primar y criteri aan dBH Pbecome s th e adjuste dR Q fo r

tha t substance

. Fo r purpose s o f

R Q adjustment s usin g th e primar y criteri anote dabov e unde r CERCLA, (othe r

tha n potentia l carcinogenicity—se e th e separat e NPR M publishe di ntoday' s Federa l Register) , EP A ha s adopte dth e fiv e R Q level s o f 1 , 10,100,1000 , an d500 0 pound s originall y establishe dpursuan t

t o CW A sectio n 31 1 (se e 4 0 CF RPar t

117)

. Th e Agenc y adopte dth e CW A five-leve l syste m primaril y becaus e (1 ) i t ha s bee nuse d successfull y pursuan t

t o th e CWA , (2 ) th e regulate dcommunit y i s alread y familia r wit hthes e fiv e levels , an d(3 ) i t distinguishe s th e broa drang e o f potentia l har mpose db y CERCL A hazardou s substances

. Eve nthoug hEP A wil l continu e t o us e thi s establishe dfive-leve l syste mfo r mos t R Q adjustments , th e Agenc y doe s no t believ e tha t

i t represent s a n appropriat e approac hfo r radionuclide s i neithe r th e choic e of

level s o r

th e uni t o f measuremen t

(pounds)

. A one-poun d R Q fo r radionuclides , th e lowes t currentl y available , woul dno t trigge r timel y reportin g o r

respons e fo r

release s o f man y radionuclides

. I nman y cases , release s o f

radionuclide s tha t

ar e severa l order s o f

magnitud e smalle r tha non e poun dca nrepresen t ahealt h an denvironmenta l threa t tha t merit s reportin g t o th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. A one-poun dR Q als o doe s no t confor mt o accepte dun-it s fo r radiatio n protection

. Th e commonl y accepte d unit s fo r radiatio n protectio n ar e (1 ) re m (o r sieverts ) whic hmeasur e th e amoun t o f biologica l damag e resultin g fro m exposur e t o ionizin g radiation , an d(2 ) curie s (o r

becquerels ) whic hmeasur e th e rat e o f

radioactiv e deca y an dthu s th e rat e a t

whic hradiatio ni s give nof f b y asubstanc e (activit y level)

. Finally , a one-poun dR Q leve l woul ddiffe r significantl y fro mreportin g requirement s fo r

radionuclide s unde r othe r regulation s issue db y EP A an d othe r agencies

. Fo r

thes e reasons , EP A i s proposin g adifferen t

approac hfo r radionuclide s (se e discussio n of th e selecte doptio ni n Sectio n IV.B

. o f thi s preamble)

. Sectio n102(a ) o f

CERCL A authorizes , an dth e legislativ e histor y encourages , th e Administrato r

t o se t asingl e R Q fo r an y hazardou s substance , regardles s o f th e mediu mint o whic htha t substanc e i s released

. I n orde r

t o develo p simpl e an d practica l notificatio n provisions , th e Agenc y ha s t o dat e establishe dasingl e R Q fo r eac hhazardou s substance

. If multipl e RQ s whic hvar y i n accordanc e wit hth e environmenta l medi aint o whic hth e substanc e i s release dwer e established , i t

woul db e mor e difficul t fo r th e regulate dcommunit y t o compl y wit hth e reportin g requirements

. Becaus e release s ofte n occu r int o mor e tha n on e medium , th e releaser , unde r a
. multi-R Q format , woul db e uncertai n whic hR Q woul dapply

. EP A i s proposing , therefore , t o continu e th e single-R Q approac hfo r eac h radionuclide

. B. Options Considered

and Radionuclide RQ Methodology EP A forme da n interagenc y wor k grou p consistin g o f

representative s o f th e Nuclea r

Regulator y Commission , th e U.S

. Coas t

Guard , th e U.S

. Department s of Energ y an dTransportation , an d severa l office s withi n EP A t o discus s issue s an dalternativ e approache s fo r adjustin g th e radionuclid e RQ

. Th e wor k grou p evaluate danumbe r of option s befor e selectin g th e approac hchose ni n thi s proposal

. Th e followin g principa l option s wer e rejected : Optio n 1 : Leavin g th e radionuclid e R Q a t on e poun d Th e Agenc y considere destablishin g a nadjuste dR Q fo r

radionuclide s equa l t o th e statutor y R Q of

on e pound

. A s discusse dabov e i nsectio n IV.A

. of thi s preamble , aone-poun dR Q leve l woul d allo w numerou s potentiall y significan t release s of

man y radionuclide s t o g o unreported

. Man y suc hrelease s wel l belo w on e poun dcoul drepresen t a potentia l healt han denvironmenta l threat

. I n addition , aone-poun dR Q doe s no t confor mt o commonl y accepte dunit s o r accepte dlevel s fo r

radiatio n protection , an di t

woul ddiffe r significantl y fro mreportin g requirement s unde r

othe r radionuclid e regulation s issue db y EP A an dothe r agencies

. Finally , on e poun dtranslate sP. 7

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int o adifferen t

amoun t o f radioactivity ; an dthu s adifferen t

hazar dlevel , fo r eac hradionuclide

. Optio n2 : Establishin g adose-equivalen t leve l a s th e radionuclid e R Q A dose-equivalen t

level , i n unit s o f re mo r sieverts , i s ameasur e of th e amoun t of biologica l damag e resultin g fro mexposur e t o ionizin g radiation

. Dose-equivalen t

limit s ar e frequentl y establishe di ngroups , suc ha s 2 5 millire mt o th e whol e bod y an d7 5 millire mt o th e thyroi dgland

. Radionuclide s coul db e considere da s a clas s wit hadose-equivalen t level , o r a se t of dose-equivalen t

level s (e.g. , whol e bod y an dthyroi dglan dseparately ) coul db e assigne dt o th e entir e class

. Estimatin g adose-equivalen t leve l ca n h e quit e complicated

. Th e dos e equivalen t

ma y var y substantiall y fo r differen t releas e circumstances , eve n i f th e sam e quantit y o f

radionuclid e i s released

. I naddition , estimatin g dose

equivalen t

level s require s makin g numerou s assumptions , an dth e leve l o f dos e ma y var y drasticall y unde r differen t assumptions

. Becaus e o f al l th e judgment s an dassumption s require dt o estimat e dos e equivalents , th e estimate d dos e equivalen t

fo r tw o differen t release s wit hth e sam e leve l o f activit y o f th e sam e radionuclid e ma y var y drasticall y unde r

differen t assumptions

. Thi s potentia l variabilit y make s i t difficul t t o (1 ) assur e tha t

th e governmen t

wil l b e notifie dof

al l radionuclid e release s tha t i t deem s necessary ; an d(2 ) enforc e a nR Q i n dose-equivalen t

units

. A dose-equivalen t

leve l i s als o mor e difficult t o estimat e quickl y durin g a n actua l releas e even t

tha na nactivit y level

. Th e Agenc y determine dtha t a n R Q i n term s o f

dos e equivalen t

(rem ) woul dleav e asignifican t amoun t o f judgmen t

t o th e perso ni ncharg e o f th e facilit y o r

vessel

. Th e perso ni ncharg e woul db e require dt o estimat e th e quantit y released , th e potentia l route s o f exposure , th e perio do f

exposure , an d th e mos t vulnerabl e orga no f

th e bod y potentiall y affecte db y th e release

. I n essence , i

f th e R Q wer e t o b e establishe di nunit s o f

rem , th e perso ni n charg e of th e vesse l o r

facilit y woul db e place di napositio n o f

determinin g whethe r th e releas e pose dathrea t t o publi c healt ho r

welfar e o r

th e environment

. CERCL A establishe s tha t rol e for th e federa l government , no t fo r th e perso ni ncharg e o f

th e vesse l o r facility

. Optio n3 : Considerin g radionuclide s a s a clas s wit hasingl e activit y leve l Activit y leve l i s measure di nunit s o f curie s o r becouerels , an di s a n accepte d uni t o f radiatio nmeasurement

. Th e Agenc y considere destablishin g on e R Q i nunit s of

curie s fo r

th e entir e clas s o f radionuclides

. Thi s optio nha s th e advantag e o f bein g simple , an dcurie s ar e relativel y eas y t o measur e quickl y durin g a release

. I t

doe s not , however , accoun t fo r th e varyin g degree s o f hazar dpose d b y th e sam e activit y leve l o f differen t radionuclides

. Th e sam e leve l o f radioactivit y (i.e. , th e sam e numbe r o f curies ) of tw o differen t

radionuclide s ma y yiel dtw o entirel y differen t dos e levels

. Therefore , whil e simplicit y i n reportin g mus t

b e sought , i t

shoul dno t b e accomplishe db y glossin g ove r substantia l difference s amon g individua l radionuclides

. I t

woul db e extremel y difficult t o deriv e a n R Q tha t

i s asingl e leve l of activit y an dtha t

woul dprovid e timel y reportin g o f

th e mos t

hazardou s radionuclide s whil e no t requirin g to o man y report s fo r

others

. A singl e leve l o f activit y could , however , b e a n appropriat e R Q i

f i t wer e onl y applie dt o agrou p of

simila r radionuclide s (se e Optio n4 below)

. Optio n4 : Groupin g radionuclide s int o categorie s wit ha n activit y leve l assigne dt o eac ho f

th e separat e categorie s Radionuclide s ma y b e separate dint o variou s group s i n suc hawa y tha t a singl e leve l o f

activit y ma y b e a n appropriat e R Q fo r

al l th e radionuclide s withi n agive ngroup
. On e RQ , whic h woul dassur e timel y reportin g fo r release s o f

th e mos t

hazardou s radionuclide(s) , coul dthe nb e assigne d t o th e overal l group
. Fo r example , radionuclide s coul db e groupe dint o "half-lif e categories " wit hprogressivel y highe r RQ s fo r thos e categorie s havin g shorte r hal f lives

. Anothe r

exampl e i s t o separat e radionuclide s int o group s o f alpha , beta , an dgamm aemitters

. Th e RQ s fo r non-radioactiv e substance s hav e bee n establishe di nasimila r fashion , wit hdifferen t

RQ s fo r differen t group s o f chemical s tha t

exhibi t simila r chemica l properties

. Th e Agenc y chos e no t

t o adop t thi s optio nwit heithe r

o f th e abov e method s of categorizin g radionuclides

. Th e Agenc y believe s tha t

radionuclide s groupe dint o "half-lif

e categories " wit h progressivel y highe r

RQ s fo r thos e categorie s havin g shorte r hal f live s ma y no t b e protectiv e of

huma nhealt han d th e environment

. Fo r

radionuclid e release s whic hdelive r

th e sam e tota l radiatio ndose , radionuclide s wit h shorte r hal f live s wil l emi t

radiatio na t

a highe r rate

. Therefore , fo r

radionuclide s wit hrelativel y shor t

hal f lives , th e federa l governmen t

ma y wis ht o receiv e notificatio n o f

relativel y smal l release s o f suc hradionuclide s t o determin e whethe r arespons e actio n i s necessary , eve n if th e radiatio ndange r

i s relativel y shor t lived

. Wit hregar dt o categorizin g radionuclide s o n th e basi s o f whethe r the y ar e primaril y alpha , beta , o r gamm a emitters , th e actua l threa t t o huma n healt hi s les s dependen t o n th e natur e o f th e emissio ntha n o n th e rout e of exposure
. I naddition , ther e ar e numerou s radionuclide s tha t fal l int o eac ho f thes e categories , an dasingl e activity-leve l R Q fo r

th e grou p ma y no t b e appropriat e fo r

al l th e individua l grou p members

. The Selected

Approach.—The EPA

preferre doptio n begin s wit hadecisio n t o establis ha n R Q i n term s o f activit y (measure di nunit s o f

curies ) fo r individua l radionuclides

. Th e primar y advantage s o f

thi s strateg y are :

• A leve l o f

radioactivit y generall y i s muc heasie r

t o measur e tha n dos e equivalent , woul db e easie r t o confirm , an dwoul dprovid e mor e timel y reportin g tha na n R Q i n term s o f dos e equivalent

.
• Establishin g RQ s fo r

radionuclide s individuall y woul dallo w consideratio n of individua l radionuclid e characteristics

. Thi s regulatio n propose s t o revis e RQ s fo r al l o f th e approximatel y 1,80 0 currentl y know n radionuclides

. A larg e majorit y of

these , however , ar e liste da s ageneri c clas s wit hasingl e RQ

. T o develo p individua l RQ s i n unit s o f curies , th e Agenc y relie dheavil y o nth e healt hdat aan dhuma n intak e limit s publishe db y th e Internationa l Commissio n o nRadiatio n Protectio n (ICRP) , particularl y a s reflecte di n it s Publicatio n3 0 (Pergamo n 1982)

. Dat a wer e availabl e fo r

75 7 radionuclide s an d s o analysi s of

individua l radionuclide s wa s limite dt o thi s universe

. Th e Commissio n doe s no t

clai mtha t

thi s lis t i s comprehensive , bu t

i t doe s represen t al l radionuclide s fo r

whic hdat aneede d b y EP A t o evaluat e th e effect s o f a radionuclid e releas e ar e available

. Thus , EP A i s toda y proposin g t o establis hindividua l RQ s fo r 75 7 radionuclides

. Becaus e o f th e inadequac y of

availabl e dat afo r

al l othe r radionuclides , the y ar e propose d t o b e treate da s ageneri c clas s wit ha singl e R Q fo r

th e entir e class

. Radionuclide RQ Adjustment Methodology. —The developmen t o f th e individua l propose dRQ s begin s wit hth e Annua l Limitation s o f

Intak e (ALIs ) develope db y th e Internationa l Commissio no n Radiatio n Protection

. Th e ALIs :
ar e th e annua l intake s o

f givenradionuclide s b y 'Referenc e Man ' whic hwoul dresul t in eithe r (1 ) acommitte deffectiv e dos eP. 8

8178 1 Federa l Registe r/ Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday

. Marc h16

. 198 7 / Propose dRule s equivalen t • p f 5 re mto th e whol e body (stochasti c ALI) , o r

(2 ) acommitte ddos e equivalent ' o

f 5 0 re mt o any orga

no r tissu e (non-stochasti c AU)

. Th e ICR Pha s presente dALI s fo r bot h ora l ingestio nan dinhalation

. Th e ALIs , whic har e i nunit s o f

microcuries , ar e considere dt o produc e har mcomparabl e t o tha t o f receivin g aunifor mwhol e bod y dose-equivalen t

radiatio n exposur e o

f 5 rem
. I t i s importan t

t o clarif y tha t th e ALI s represen t

quantities , o f radionuclide s take nint o th e body , no t quantitie s release dt o th e environment

. Thes e curi e level s wer e adjuste db y EP A t o reflec t

(1 ) th e differenc e betwee n intak e level s an dreleas e levels , an d(2 ) alowe r dos e equivalen t

o f 50 0 millire m (0. 5 rem) , amor e protectiv e limitation

. Federa l Radiatio nProtectio nGuidanc e recommend s 50 0 millire ma s a nuppe r boun do nexposur e t o individua l member s o f

th e genera l public

. Th e Agenc y currentl y i s considerin g makin g arecommendatio nt o lowe r thi s limit

. I n anticipatio no f

thi s action , th e Agenc y i s considerin g tw o alternativ e base s fo r th e calculatio no f

radionuclid e RQs

. Thes e alternative s rang e betwee n2 5 millire mpe r

yea r an d10 0 millire mpe r yea r dos e equivalent

. A 2 5 millire mpe r yea r dos e equivalen t

woul dresul t

i n RQ s o f V2 0 th e valu e o f

RQ s i ntoday' s notice

. A 10 0 millire mpe r yea r dos e equivalen t

woul dresul t

i nRQ s o f

Vs th e valu e o f RQ s i ntoday' s notice

. Th e 2 5 millire mlimi t

reflect s th e standard s i n existin g regulation s promulgate db y EPA

. Fo r example , rule s whic happl y t o high-leve l radioactiv e wast e disposa l (4 6 CFRPar t 191 ) limi t

exposur e t o th e genera l publi c t o 2 5 millire mpe r year
. Nationa l Emissio nStandard s fo r Hazardou s Ai r

Pollutant s (NESHAP ) se t unde r th e Clea nAi r

Ac t (4 0 CFRPar t

61 ) als o limi t exposur e t o th e genera l publi c t o 2 5 millire mpe r

year
. Th e highe r endpoin t o f th e range , 10 0 millirem , i s believe dt o b e areasonabl e optio nfo r th e revisio no f

th e Federa l Radiatio n Protectio nGuidance

. Fo r purpose s o f

thi s rulemaking , th e Agenc y use dconservativ e assumption s regardin g differen t

release s t o ai r

an d water , an danalyze dexposur e throug h inhalation , ingestion , an ddirec t exposure
. Th e Agenc y the nestimate d th e smalles t

numbe r o f curie s of

a radionuclid e which , if

release dt o th e environment , woul db e likel y t o resul t i n aperso nbein g expose dt o ados e equivalen t

o f 50 0 millirem

. I ndevelopin g propose dRQs , th e Agenc y doe s no t

accoun t fo r radioactiv e deca y explicitl y i n it s models

. Thi s i s a conservativ e approac hresultin g i n lowe r RQ s fo r som e short-live d radionuclide s becaus e som e short-live d radionuclide s deca y prio r t o causin g a dos e equivalen t

o f 50 0 millirem

. Th e Agenc y too k

thi s conservativ e approac h t o simplif

y th e analysi s an dbecaus e fe w radionuclid e release s ar e expecte dt o b e affecte db y thi s approach

. EP A seek s commen t o nth e appropriatenes s o f incorporatin g explicitl y radiologica l deca y i nth e model s develope dfo r th e exposur e pathway s discusse dbelow

. If radionuclid e hal f

live s ar e incorporate d explicitl y int o th e mode l calculations , th e RQ s fo r

som e short-live d radionuclide s woul dincrease

. Separat e equation s wer e derive dt o adjus t th e ALI s t o determin e releas e value s i ncurie s fo r

bot hth e inhalatio n an dingestio npathways

. A thir dse t o f equation s wa s derive dt o develo p ' releas e value s o n th e basi s o f direc t exposur e t o aradionuclid e release

. Al l o f thes e equation s ar e discusse dbriefl y belo w an di nmor e detai l i n th e Technica l Backgroun dDocumen t t o Suppor t Propose dRulemakin g Pursuan t t o Sectio n10 2 of

CERCLA : Radionuclide s (hereinafte r Technica l Backgroun dDocument) , availabl e fo r inspectio n a t

Roo mLG—10

0 U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Street , SW , Washington , D C 20460

. A s note dearlier , us e o f

a n activit y leve l i n curie s rathe r

tha n ados e equivalen t wa s selecte dbecaus e i t

i s easie r t o measur e an dconfirm , an dwoul dprovid e mor e timel y reportin g tha na n R Q i n term s of dos e equivalent

. inhalation. —The inhalatio n equatio n derive s aReleas e Valu e fo r eac h radionuclide

. Releas e Value s ar e i n unit s o f curie s an drepresen t

th e activit y leve l o f eac hradionuclid e which , i f release dunde r

conservativ e circumstances , coul dresul t i na n expose dindividua l receivin g ados e equivalen t

o f 50 0 millire m(0. 5 remj

. Th e Releas e Value s ar e derive db y dividin g th e AL I fo r

inhalatio n presente di n th e ICR PPublicatio n 3 0 b y th e produc t o f severa l factors :

Inhalatio n Releas e Valu e A U

10(R)(X/Q)(BR)(1X10 6)

0 Th e tota l whol e bod y dos e equivalen tresultin g fro m intake s o f

radionuclide s i n on e yea r
' Th e tota l dos e equivalen taverage d throughou ta tissu e i n th e 5 0 year s afte rintak e of aradionuclid e int o th e body
. Where : AU=Annua l limitation s o f intake fo r inhalatio n(microcuries) ; 10=Conversio n facto r betwee n 5 re

man d50 0 millirem ; R=Releas e Fraction ; X/Q=Atmospheri c Relativ e Concentratio n Value ; BR—Breathin

g Rate ; an d 1X10 6 =Conversio n factor betwee n microcurie s an dcuries

. Fo r th e ALI , previousl y described , wher e mor e tha non e inhalatio nAL I i s give nb y ICR Pfo r

aparticula r radionuclide , th e lowes t on e wa s used

. Thi s approac hassure s tha t th e possibl e releas e o f

th e mos t

hazardou s chemica l for mi s takerriht o consideration

. Th e releas e fractio n describe s th e portio no f

radioactiv e material s tha t coul dbecom e airborn e an db e o f respirabl e siz e (1 0 micron s i ndiamete r o r less)

. Th e atmospheri c relativ e concentratio nvalu e correspond s t o a ground-leve l relativ e concentratio n3 0 meter s downwin dfro maground-leve l releas e unde r

stabl e meteorologica l conditions

. Thirt y meter s wa s chose n becaus e cordon s aroun dareleas e p f a chemica l hazardou s substanc e a t a transportatio ninciden t

ar e generall y 3 0 meter s i nradius

. A t

fixe dfacilities , th e distanc e t o unrestricte darea s i s likel y t o b e greate r

tha n 3 0 meters ; therefor e 3 0 meter s wil l resul t

i naconservativ e estimat e fo r

exposure
. Fo r

restricte d area s a t fixe dfacilities , 3 0 meter s woul d b e areasonabl e cordoned-of f zone
. A ground-leve l releas e unde r stabl e (Clas s D ) meteorologica l condition s lead s t o highe r ground-leve l concentration s tha n above-groun drelease s i nmor e turbulen t conditions , an dthu s alower , mor e protectiv e RQ

. Th e breathin g rat e o f

"Referenc e Man " i s take nt o b e 2. 3 X 10 7 cubi c centimeter s pe r

day

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s an ddat apertainin g t o th e assumption s underlyin g th e ; inhalatio nexposur e model

. Ingestion. —The ingestio n equatio n use dfo r R Q developmen t

i s base do n a releas e of

aradionuclid e t o groun d, wate r usin g a nadvection-dispersior i ground-wate r

model , combine dwit h conservativ e estimate s fo r suc h parameter s a s ground-wate r flo w velocitie s an dtransvers e an d longitudina l dispersion

. Th e resultin g equation , lik e th e on e fo r inhalation , derive s aReleas e Valu e b y dividin g th e AL I fo r ingestio nb y th e produc t o f severa l factors , her e a nassume d dilutio nfactor , contac t

time , an dwate r consumptio nrate , a s wel l a s numerica l factors

. Radionuclide s ca nb e ingeste dthroug h th e consumptio no f

contaminate d foodstuffs o r

contaminate ddrinkin g water

. Th e commo n pathwa y fo rP. 9

Federa l Registe r

/ Vol. , 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 198 7 / Propose dRule s 817 9

radionuclide s t o reac hth e foo dchai n i s followin g a natmospheri c radioactiv e release , e.g. , i nth e releas e fro mth e Chernoby l nuclea r

powe r plan t man y Europea ncountrie s ha dgrea t concer n regardin g th e safet y of

foo dcropsan d milk

. Th e Agenc y evaluate deac ho f th e 75 7 radionuclide s fo r

whic hth e ICR P develope dALI s an dcalculate dReleas e Value s fo r

tw o ingestio nexposur e routes : foo dcro p an ddrinkin g water

. Fo r th e majorit y o f

radionuclides , th e drinkin g wate r

exposur e rout e resulte d inrlower.Releas e Value s (i.e., wa s a mor e critica l rout e o f

exp6sUre],-Eurther t fo r th e radionuclide s fo r

whic hth e foo d cro p pathwa y produce dlowe r Releas e Values , th e Agenc y determine dtha t i n th e vas t majorit y of

case s eithe r inhalatio no r

direc t exposur e wa s eve n mor e critica l tha nfoo dcro p ingestion

. Therefore , th e Agenc y ha s chose nt o procee dwit hdevelopmen t of aReleas e Valu e fo r ingestio n base do n consumptio nof

contaminate ddrinkin g water

. I naddition , t o b e mos t protective , aground-wate r

exposur e rout e wa s selecte dove r

surfac e wate r

exposure
. Base do nou r

modelin g assumptions , a releas e of

radionuclide s int o arive r o r lak e woul dlikel y resul t i nlarge r dilutio n factor s tha nareleas e t o a n aquife r an d subsequentl y int o adrinkin g wate r well

. Thi s larg e dilutio nfacto r woul dresul t

i n lowe r concentration s of

radionuclide s i n th e drinkin g wate r

an dlowe r

level s of.

. • radioactiv e contamination

. Th e Technica l Backgroun dDocumen t ha s furthe r detai l o nth e foo dcrop , groun d water , an dsurfac e wate r exposur e routes

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s an ddat apertainin g t o al l exposur e scenarios

. Th e equatio nwhic hEP A ha s adopte d fo r th e calculatio n of

Releas e Value s base do nconsumptio nof contaminate d groun dwate r

is : Ingestio n Releas e Valu e AL I 10(DF)(CT)(WC)(1X109)

where : AU=Lowes t

ingestio n AL

I giveninthe ICR

P Publicatio n30 ; : 10=Conversio nfactor

betwee n5 re

man d500 ' millirem ; ' ; ' DF=Dilutio n Facto r

(l/lite'r) ; ' ;: ; CT=Contac t

tim e (days) ; WC=Wate r

consumptio no

f "Referenc e
. Man " ( 2 liters/day) ; an d

.. . 1 X 10 s = Conversio n factor betwee n i

. microcurie s an dcuries

. Th e maximu mconcentratio n i na plum e 3 0 meter s downgradien t fro ma• poin t

sourc e releas e i s calculate dusin g ground-wate r

advection-dispersio n modelin g equation s whic htak e int o accoun t sorptio nof

th e radionuclide s i n th e aquifer

. Thi s maximu m concentratio n i s reflecte di n th e Dilutio n Facto r (DF)

. Thirt y meter s i s chose nfo r consistenc y wit hth e atmospheri c model

. Contac t time , calculate dusin g th e advection-dispersio nground-wate r model , i s th e tota l tim e acontaminan t plum e wil l b e i n contac t wit hawel l locate d3 0 meter s (i n thi s case ) fro mth e source
. Contac t

tim e wil l var y b y radionuclid e an dwil l b e relate dt o th e sorptio ncoefficien t

discusse dabove

. Th e daily'wate r

consumptio nestimat e I s - assume db y th e ICR Pt o b e 2 liter s an d i s use dhere

. Direct Exposure. —An equatio n wit h th e sam e parameters—th e quantit y of radiatio nintercepte db y "Referenc e Man " (ICR PPublicatio n23 , Pergamon , 1975 ) a t adistanc e of

3 0 meter s fro ma releas e an dlimitin g th e exposur e t o 50 0 millirem—als o wa s develope dt o calculat e avalu e fo r

athir drout e o f exposure , direc t

exposur e t o apoin t sourc e releas e o f

aradionuclide

. Th e direc t exposur e Releas e Value s represen t th e amoun t

o f radionuclide , i n curies , necessar y t o provid e agamm a ra y dos e o f

50 0 millirad , th e sam e a s a dos e equivalen t

o f 50 0 millirem , t o a n individua l 3 0 meter s fro mapoin t sourc e

. releas e o f

radioactiv e material

. Gamm a ray s alon e ar e considere di n thi s equatio n becaus e th e mea n fre e pat ho f alph aan dbet aparticle s wit henergie s

. lowe r tha n1 0 Me V i s les s tha n 3 0 ' meters

. Th e Direc t

Exposur e Releas e Valu e equatio ni s presente dbelow :
Direc t Exposure Releas e Valu e ~

~

• where : (6.41X10-")(Dn)(S 2 )

(E.)(uJ(T)(exp(-u„S) )

Dn=Dos e equivalen t

(0. 5 rem) ; S=Distanc e fro

mth e release (3 0 m) ; E i < = Summatio n o

f th e produc t

o f th e gamma
• ray energie s (MeV

) an dth e gammara y fraction s fo

r eac hradionuclide ; u«=Linea r absorptio n coefficien

t fo r gamma

. ray s i

n air (cm" 1 ) ; T=Duratio n o

f exposure (2

4 hours) ; an d exp(-u^S)=Atmospheri c attenuatio nfro mth e
• point o f releas e t o th e receptor

. • Th e facto r

6.4 1 x 10" 5 i s aconstan t whic hrelate s gamm ara y energ y t o exposure , an di s discusse di nmor e detai l in:th e Technica l Backgroun d; Document

. Th e Agenc y request s , comment s o nthi s exposur e scenario

. Th e Agenc y i s als o considerin g a n alternativ e metho do f

calculatin g direc t exposur e Releas e Values , usin g specifi c gamm ara y constant s rathe r tha n th e direc t exposur e Releas e Valu e equatio n discusse dabove

. Th e gamm ara y constant s ar e derive dempiricall y an d ar e availabl e onl y for

asubse t o f radionuclides

. Th e Agenc y request s commen t o n th e appropriatenes s o f usin g th e gamm ara y constant s wheneve r

available , an dusin g th e equatio n discusse dabov e fo r th e

. calculatio nof

Releas e Value s fo r radionuclide s whe nth e constant s ar e no t available

. A separat e direc t

exposur e equatio n wa s develope dfor

submersio n i n a radioactiv e clou dpf

riobl e ga s becaus e submersio ni n aradioactiv e clou d result s i na n integrate ddos e fro mal l direction s a t

varyin g distance s fro mth e body , unlik e direc t

exposur e t o apoin t source
. Ingestio nand-inhalatio n ar e no t significan t

exposur e pathway s fo r nobl e gase s a s aresul t

o f thei r inertness , an d ALI s fo r ingestio n an dinhalatio n ar e not ' presente db y th e ICR Pfo r mos t nobl e gases
. Th e direc t

exposur e Releas e Value s fo r submersio ni n aradioactiv e clou do f nobl e ga s ar e derive dfo r argon , krypton , an dxeno nthroug hth e followin g equation :
Direc t Exposure Release

. _ . Valu e 83(DAq(T )

lOtX/QHlXlO 6 )

where : DAC=Derive dAirborn e Concentratio n (microcuries/cm 3 ) ; T—Duration o

f exposure ( 1 day);

. 10=Conversio n factor

betwee n 5 re

man d50 0 millirem ; X/Q=Atmospheri c Relativ e Concentratio n Valu e a t 30meter s (8.4X10'"day/cm 3 ) ; an d 1X10 6 =Conversio n factor betwee n microcurie s an dcuries

. The

. DA C valu e specifie s th e airborn e concentratip ntha t

woul dresul t

i n a5 re mwhol e bod y dos e equivalen t fo r a 200 0 hou r

exposur e period

. T o adjus t th e

: airborne , concentratio nfro ma200 0 hou r exposur e perio dt o a24 hou r exposur e < period , w e multipl y th e DA C valu e b y 8 3 (200 0 hours-•-2 4 hours)

. X/ Q i s th e
. ; ground-leve l concentratio n valu e 3 0 meter s fro mth e releas e point

. Th e Agenc y request s comment s an ddat ao n thi s exposur e scenario.

. Establishing the RQ. —For eac h radionuclide , therefore , thre e value s ar eP.1 0



### 818 0 Federa l Register / Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 1987 / Propose dRule s
derived

. Th e Agenc y ha s selecte dth e lowes t o f th e thre e value s fo

r eac h specifi c radionuclid e wit

hth e inten t

o f choosin g a n RQ that

i s th e mos t protectiv e o

f humanhealthan dth e environment

. Thi s i s Comparabl e t o th e methodolpg y use dto adjus t chemical RQ s i npreviou s rulemaking s whic h evaluate s si x intrinsi c propertie s or "primary criteria " fo

r eac hhazardou s substance

. Afte

r assignin g tentativ e RQ s fo r th e variou s properties , th e lowes t tentativ e RQ become s th e "primary criteri aRQ " fo

r tha t substance

. A detaile dexplanatio no

f th e methodolog y use dto deriv e propose dradionuclid e RQ s can b e foundinChapte r 4 o f th e Technical Backgroun dDocument

. To-simplif y administratio nan d implementatio n o

f R Q reportin g fo

r th e 757 separat e radionuclides , EP A ha s decide dto plac e eac hradionuclid e in on e o f seve ngroups , eac hgroup assigne dasingl e specifi c propose dRQ

. Th e Technical Backgroun dDocument discusse s thi s assignmen t o f RQ s in greate r detail

. Th e propose dRQ s fo r th e seve n radionuclid e group s ar e a s follows :

Pro

pose d adjuste d HQ(i n curies )

0.00 1 0.0 1 0. 1 1 1 0 10 0 100 0 Lowes t releas e

valu e rang e (i n curies )

0.001-0.009 9 0.01-0.09 9 0.1-0.9 9 1-9.9 9 10-99.9 9 100-999.9 9 100 0 an d greate r Numbe ro t radionu

clide s

6 (0.8% ) 2 5 (3.3% ) 2 4 (3.2% ) 3 5 (4.6% ) 34 2 (45.2% ) 23 6 (31.2% ) 89(11.8% )



### All know nradionuclide s no t liste db y th e ICR Phav e bee nassigne dapropose d fina l RQ o f on e curie

. Availabl e informatio n o n thes e radionuclide s i s insufficient

fo r an y meaningful analysi s b y th e Agenc y o

f th e appropriatenes s o

f an y particular

RQ fo r individual radionuclide s in thi s group or th e group a s awhole

. A propose dRQ o f on e curi e wa s selecte dbecaus e it

i s th e middl e RQ category , an dth e majorit y p f radionuclide s (9 3 percent ) examine d individuall y hav e propose dRQ s a t leas t a t thi s level

. Th e Agenc y expect s tha t release s o f a n RQ or more o f an y o f thes e radionuclide s woul db e rare
. Therefore , EP

A i s proposin g agroup RQ tha t it believe s i s sufficiently protectiv e o f publi c healthan dwelfare an dth e environmen t

withou t posin g a n unreasonabl e burde no nth e regulate d community

. Assignmen t

o f th e individuall y calculate dRQ to on e o

f th e seve n group s an dplacemen t

o f othe r radionuclide s inth e generi c RQ group

shoul dno t

b e interprete dto meantha t al l radionuclide s inan y givengroup represen t th e sam e threa t

or dange r to publi c healthan dwelfare an dth e environment

. Tw o or

more radionuclide s wit hth e sam e propose dRQ do no t reflec t adeterminatio ntha t

areleas e o

f on e wil l b e a s hazardou s a s th e releas e o f another , o r

eve nthat th e releas e o

f on e wil l b e hazardou s a t

th e propose d RQ leve l an dno t

hazardou s belo w tha t level

. Th e actua l hazar dwil l vary with th e uniqu e circumstance s o f th e release , an dextensiv e scientifi c dat aan d analysi s woul db e necessar y t o determin e th e hazar dpresente db y eac h substanc e unde r

anumber o f possibl e circumstances. Th e propose dRQ s ar e designe dt o b e atrigge

r fo r notificatio n an dreflec t

th e Agency' s judgment

tha t th e federal governmen t

shoul db e notifie do f certai nrelease s t o whic ha federal respons e migh

t b e necessary
. Th e RQ s represen t

adeterminatio nonly o f possibl e or

potential harm , no t

tha t release s o f aparticular

amoun t o f a hazardou s substanc e necessaril y wil l b e harmful t o publi c healthor welfare or th e environment

. C. Alternative Approaches I nadditio nto th e metho dan d assumption s use dt o develo p th e RQ adjustment s propose dtoday , EP A i s solicitin g comment s o nth e underlyin g assumption s discusse dabov e an dals o i s considerin g othe r

methodologie s fo

r developin g RQ s fo

r radionuclides

. Thes e approache s ar e describe dbelow

. EP A request s publi c comment

o nwhethe r on e o f thes e approache s o

r arelate d approac hwoul db e more appropriat e fo r establishin g th e RQ adjustment s inth e fina l rul e tha ntha t

use dfo r today' s proposal

. 1

. Us e Simila

r Pathway-Base d Methodology , bu t

wit hDifferen t Assumption s In th e metho duse dto develo p today' s propose dRQs , EP

A ha s chose nt o mode l th e pathway s tha t

coul db e take nb y release dradionuclides , usin g thre e exposur e scenario s fo

r eac ho f th e 757 radionuclide s fo

r whic hintak e limit s ar e available

. Under

thi s approach , th e assumption s governin g exposur e scenario s ar e critica l to th e outcome

. Whil e EP A believe s th e scenario s use d wer e reasonable , ther e coul db e circumstance s wher e a nactua l releas e result s inados e equivalen t higher tha n 50 0 millirem

. Therefore , th e Agenc y i s considerin g th e us e o

f different assumptions , whic hcoul dresul t in different RQ s fo r many radionuclides

. EP A recognize s that , whe nusin g modelin g technique s suc ha s th e thre e selecte dexposur e scenarios , ther e wil l b e instance s inwhic hth e fact s o f a particular situatio nma

y vary fro mth e assumption s relie dupo ninth e model

. Fo r example , th e thre e exposur e scenario s incorporat e th e assumptio n tha t th e distanc e betwee nth e releas e an dth e point

o f exposur e i s 3 0 meters

. I

t i s possible , however , that anexpose d individua l ma

y b e locate dneare r

t o th e release

. A different

assume ddistanc e woul dresul t

indifferent

calculate d Releas e Value s fo

r thes e pathways , an d different resultin g RQ s insome«ases
. EP A i s considerin g an dsolicitin g comment s o nwhethe r

ashorte r distanc e (perhap s a s lo w a s on e meter) ma y b e more appropriate

. EP A als o i s considerin g whethe r othe r assumption s use dinth e thre e exposur e scenario s ar e sufficiently protectiv e o f publi c health , suc ha s th e perio dfo r direc t exposure
. Exposure t o a n unreporte dreleas e coul dcontinu e longer thanth e 24-hou

r perio duse din th e scenario

. Therefore , anassumptio n o f si x month s or

on e year o f exposur e ma y b e more appropriat e thana24-hou r exposur e period

. Th e Agenc y solicit s publi c comment

an ddat ao nthi s general issu e an dsuggestion s fo

r th e mos t appropriat e choice s fo

r exposur e scenario s fo

r th e developmen t

o f RQs

. 2

. Establis hRQ s a s aMultipl e o f th e ALI s EP A als o i s solicitin g comment o n alternativ e methodologie s fo r calculatin g RQs

. For

inhalatio nan d ingestion , on e metho dunde r consideratio ni s t o multiply th e lowes t AL I fo r eac hradionuclid e b y aselecte d numerical constant

. EP

A i s considerin g numerical constant s suc ha s 5

. For th e very wors t

cas e o f exposure , i.e. , ingestio no

r inhalatio no

f 10 0 percen t o f areleas e b y asingl e individual , a n amoun t o f 5 time s th e AL

I woul dresul t inaradiatio ndos e o

f 2 5 rem , ados e at whic hmeasurabl e immediate effect s ar e firs t observed. Becaus e th e numerical constan t o f 5 i s relate dt o a nassumptio n that ma y b e overl y conservative , EP A als o i s considerin g higher

numerical constant s whic hmigh

t b e justifie db y considerin g exposure s les s conservativ e thanth e very wors t

case
. EP A als o i s considerin g lowe r

numerical constant s t p reflec t alower acceptabl e dos e equivalent

. EP

A request s comment

o n thi s approach , o nasuitabl e choic e fo r th e numerical constant , an do na rational e fo

r th e numerical constan t chosen

.P.1 1

Federa l Registe r/

Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 198 7 / Propose dRule s 818 1

D. Reporting Requirements for Mixtures of Radionuclides Som e release s o f

radioactiv e substance s ar e likel y t o consis t o f mixture s o f

radionuclides

. Thes e release s wil l b e on e o f

tw o genera l types : mixture s o f

know ncompositio no r mixture s o f

unknow ncomposition

. Mixture s of

Know nCompositio n Th e Agenc y i s proposin g th e followin g metho dfo r

evaluatin g mixture s o f know ncomposition

. Thi s metho di s differen t fro mth e mixtur e rul e fo r othe r hazardou s substance s establishe dunde r th e Clea nWate r

Ac t (se e 5 0 FR13456 , Apri l 4,1985)

. Reportin g requirement s fo r release s involvin g mixture s o f

know n compositio nca nb e obtaine ddirectl y fro mth e propose dRQ s fo r individua l constituent s o f

th e mixture

. I

f th e identit y an dquantit y (i ncuries ) o f eac h radionuclid e involve di n areleas e even t i s known , th e decisio nwhethe r t o repor t areleas e mus t

b e mad e i nth e followin g manner : for

eac hradionuclid e i nth e mixture , determin e th e rati o betwee nth e quantit y release di n curie s an dth e R Q fo r th e radionuclide

. If

th e su mof

th e ratio s fo r al l radionuclide s i s les s tha n 1 , th e releas e nee dno t

b e reported

. I

f th e su mi s equa l t o o r

greate r tha n1 , th e releas e mus t

b e reporte dt o th e Nationa l Respons e Center

. Fo r example , i

f radionuclide s "a" , "b" , an d"c " ar e presen t

i nquantitie s Qa , Qb , an dQ c curie s i namixture , an dif th e propose dRQ s ar e RQa , RQb , an d RQc , respectively , the nth e quantit y release dfo r

th e mixtur e doe s no t

equa l o r excee dth e propose dR Q an dth e releas e nee dno t

b e reporte dt o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r if (Qa / RQ a+ Qb/RQb+Qc/RQc ) i s les s tha n 1

. Thi s conventio nfo r

handlin g release s o f radionuclid e mixture s i s recommende d b y th e ICR Pan dpresentl y i s use di n existin g federa l regulation s (e.g. , 1 0 CFR Par t 20)

. Mixture s o f

Unknow nCompositio n Reportin g requirement s fo r mixtures , wher e eithe r

th e amoun t

o r identit y o f th e radionuclide s i nth e mixtur e ar e unknown , canno t

b e base do n th e determinatio no f

quantitie s released

. Ther e ar e thre e possibilities : (1 ) Th e identit y of

th e radionuclide s involve di s known , bu t

th e amount s release do f eac hi s unknown , (2 ) th e identit y o f th e radionuclide s (o r

on e o f th e radionuclides ) i nth e mixtur e i s unknown , bu t

th e amoun t

release di s know ni ntota l curie s pe r uni t volum e o r weight , o r

(3 ) th e identit y o f

th e radionuclide s involve di s unknow nan d th e amoun t

o f radionuclide s release di n th e mixtur e i s unknown

. Fo r thes e cases , EP A propose s tha t

th e decisio nt o repor t areleas e b e mad e a s follows : (1 ) Identity known, but

amount unknown. I f th e identit y o f

eac hradionuclid e i n th e mixtur e i s know nbu t

th e amoun t

o f on e o r mor e o f th e radionuclide s i s unknown , th e R Q fo r

th e mixtur e shal l b e th e lowes t

R Q o f an y radionuclid e i n th e mixture

. Thi s metho dfp r

determinin g th e R Q o f amixtur e assure s arepor t t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r if th e tota l numbe r o f curie s involve di n areleas e i s equa l t o o r

greate r tha nth e R Q i ncurie s o f th e substanc e wit hth e lowes t propose dR Q i nth e mixture

. (2 ) an d(3 ) Identity of

radionuclide(s) in the release is unknown. If th e identit y o f

aradionuclid e i na releas e i s unknow n o r

if th e identit y o f on e o r mor e radionuclide s i nth e releas e o f amixtur e o f

radionuclide s i s unknown , th e releas e mus t b e reporte d t o th e Nationa l Respons e Cente r if th e tota l releas e i s equa l t o o r greate r tha n 1 curie , o r i f th e tota l releas e i s equa l t o o r greate r tha nth e lowes t

R Q o f an y know nradionuclid e i n th e mixture , whicheve r

i s lower

.

. Establishin g a nR Q o f 1 curi e fo r

a releas e i n whic hth e identit y o f th e radionuclid e o r

radionuclide s involve d i s unknow n i s consisten t wit hth e 1 curi e R Q fo r th e clas s of

radionuclide s fo r whic hinsufficien t

dat aexis t

t o establis h individua l RQs

. Thi s mixtur e rul e require s reportin g if

th e releas e equal s o r exceed s 1 curie , or , if

som e componen t

o f th e mixtur e i s know n an d it s R Q i s les s tha n 1 curie , the nth e tota l releas e mus t

b e reporte di f

i t equal s o r exceed s th e R Q o f

th e know n component

. Th e Agenc y als o i s considerin g establishin g a n R Q fo r unknow n mixture s a t

0.00 1 curie , th e lowes t propose dR Q level

. Thi s i s base d upo nth e assumptio n tha t th e releas e ma y b e o f

th e mos t dangerou s radionuclide

. Thi s approac hassure s tha t th e governmen t

ha s th e opportunit y t o evaluat e al l uncertai n bu t potentiall y dangerou s radionuclid e release s an d respond , if

necessary
. Commo n Radionuclid e Mixture s Th e Agenc y toda y als o i s proposin g t o establis hRQ s fo r

tw o commo n radionuclid e mixtures : radium-22 6 i n equilibriu mwit hit s daughters , an d natura l uranium

. Th e Agenc y i s proposin g thes e RQ s fo r th e convenienc e o f

person s frequentl y handlin g thes e mixtures

. Th e RQ s ar e develope ddirectl y fro mth e mixtur e rul e discusse dabove

. Radium-22 6 ha s ahal f lif e o f 1,600 years , substantiall y greate r tha nth e hal f live s o f it s daughters

. Afte r

asufficien t perio do f time , however , astat e o f equilibriu mi s establishe di nth e mixture , suc htha t

th e quantit y o f activit y presen t

fo r eac hdaughte r produc t an dth e paren t

radiu mi s equal

. Whe n radiu man dit s daughter s reac h thi s stat e p f

equilibrium , th e R Q o f

th e mixtur e i s 0.4 3 curie , i ncontras t t o th e 1 curi e R Q fo r

radium-226.

. Natura l uraniu mi s compose do f th e isotope s uranium-23 8 (99.2 7 percen t b y weight) , uranium-23 4 (0.005 7 percen t b y weight) , an duranium-23 5 (0.7 2 percen t b y weight)

. Becaus e w e kno w th e compositio nb y weigh t

o f natura l uranium , w e ca n deriv e th e activit y level s o f eac ho f it s components

. Th e propose dR Q fo r

natura l uranium , derive dthroug hth e mixtur e rule , i s 0. 1 curie , th e sam e a s th e R Q fo r th e 3 isotope s i nth e mixture

. Mixe dfissio nproduct s ar e als o recognize db y th e Agenc y a s a n importan t

an dcommo n radionuclid e mixture

. However , th e Agenc y toda y i s proposin g RQ s onl y fo r th e individua l radionuclid e component s withi n mixe d fissio n product s becaus e a n R Q fo r thi s mixtur e woul dhav e t o b e time

dependent

. Tha t

is , a t differen t times , th e concentratio n o f

th e differen t component s o f

thi s mixtur e wil l b e different

. I naddition , th e compositio n o f mixe dfissio nproduct s depend s upo n th e typ e o f

reacto r whic hproduce s th e mixe dfissio nproduct

. Thus , differen t RQ s woul dnee dt o b e presente dfo r differen t mixe dfissio n products

. E. Other Issues Estimatin g th e Effect s o f Radiatio n Th e harmfu l effect s o f

radiatio n o n human s hav e bee nth e focu s o f mos t o f th e researc heffort s concernin g radiatio n exposur e i n th e past

. EPA , o f course , als o i s concerne dwit hth e broade r proble mo f

potentiall y deleteriou s effect s t o th e environment , a s wel l a s t o humans

. I n adjustin g radionuclid e RQs , th e Agency' s goa l i s t o ensure , t o th e exten t possible , ampl e protectio n fo r th e mos t sensitiv e specie s o f

flor aan d fauna

. T o identif

y th e mos t

sensitiv e species , th e Agenc y reviewe dth e existin g literatur e an ddetermine dtha t presen t informatio n indicate s tha t RQ s chose n t o provid e adequat e protectio n o f th e huma nspecie s woul db e sufficientl y protectiv e o f th e environmen t

a s well

. Th e Agenc y ha s determined , therefore , tha t R Q adjustment s develope dwit hth e goa l o f protectin g publi c healt hals o wil l adequatel y protec t

th e environment

.818 2 Federa l Registe r/ Vol
. 52
. No
. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h 16
. 198 7 / Propose d Rule s

EP A solicit s publi ccomment s o n thi s approach
. Individua l RQ s EP A i s intereste d i n receivin g publi c commen to n th e selecte d methodolog y an d o n whethe rRQ s fo rindividua l radionuclide s ar e believe d to b e to o lo w o rto o high
. EPA woul d b e intereste d i n suggestion s an d dat aregardin g wha t criteri ath e Agenc y shoul d conside ri n technicall y o radministrativel y adjustin g apropose d RQ fo ra n individua l radionuclide
. Concentratio n Cutof

f Unde rthi s propose d rule , release s o f larg e volume s o f

dilut e material , whic h presen tlittl e o rn o immediat e dange rt o publi chealth , coul d b e reportable
. Therefore , EP

A i s considerin g whethe ra concentratio n cutof

f (expresse d i n curie s pe rgram) , belo wwhic h th e RQ s fo r radionuclide s woul d no tappl y (simila r i n principl e t o tha tuse d b y DO T i n definin g radioactiv e materia l (se e sectio n II

I o f this notice) ) woul d b e appropriat e t o eliminat e unnecessar y an d excessiv e reporting
. Th e basi s o f

th e DO T concentratio n cutof f i s to avoi d regulatio n o f natura l object s fo rwhic h th e applicatio n o f transportatio n regulation s governin g radioactiv e material s i s no tintended
. EP A i s considerin g asimila r concentratio n cutof

f becaus e ther e ma y b e n o benefi ti n requirin g report s o f release s o f

radioactiv e material s i n suc h lo wconcentrations
. However , i f alarg e quantit y o f

lo wconcentratio n materia l i s released , th e releas e ma y represen ta threa tt o publi chealth , welfare , an d th e environmen tt o whic h th e federa l governmen tma y wan tt o respond
. EP A request s comment s o n th e appropriatenes s o f

havin g a concentratio n cutof

f an d o n wha ttha t cutof f shoul d be
. In particular , th e Agenc y request s commen to n usin g 0.00 2 microcurie s pe rgram (th e DO T value ) a s acutoff
. V
. Summar y o f

Supportin g Analyse s Rulemakin g protoco l unde rExecutiv e Orde r1229 1 require s tha tpropose d regulation s b e classifie d a s majo ro r non-majo rfo rpurpose s o f revie wb y th e Offic e o f Managemen tan d Budge t (OMB)
. Accordin g t o E.0.12291 , majo r rule s ar e regulation s tha tar e likel y t o resul tin : (1 ) A n annua l effec to n th e econom y of $10 0 millio n o rmore ; o r (2 ) A majo rincreas e i n cost s o rprice s fo rconsumers , individua l industries , federal , state , o rloca l governmen t agencies , o rgeographi cregions ; o r (3 ) Significan tadvers e effect s o n competition , employment , investment , productivity , innovation , o ro n th e abilit y of Unite d States-base d enterprise s t o compet e wit h foreign
base d enterprise s i n domesti co rexpor t markets
. Th e Economi cImpac tAnalysi s fo rth e Propose d Reportabl e Quantitie s Adjustment s fo rRadionuclide s unde r sectio n 10 2 o f

CERCL A (Economi c Impac tAnalysis) , availabl e fo r inspectio n a tRoo m LG—100 , U.S
. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 40 1 M Street , SW , Washington , D C 20460 , show s tha ttoday' s propose d regulatio n i s non-major , becaus e adoptio n o f th e propose d rul e wil l resul ti n a n estimate d tota l annua l cos to f

$178,00 0 t o th e governmen tan d th e regulate d community , wit h th e latter' s shar e bein g les s tha n $27,30 0 annually
. Th e Regulator y Flexibilit y Ac to f 198 0 , require s tha taRegulator y Flexibilit y Analysi s b e performe d fo ral l rule s tha t ar e likel y t o hav e a"significan timpac t o n asubstantia l numbe ro f smal l entities. " EP

A certifie s tha tthi s regulatio n wil l no thav e asignifican t impac to n asubstantia l numbe ro f smal l entities
. Se e Chapte rSi x o f th e Economi cImpac tAnalysis
. EP A require s a h Informatio n Impac t Analysi s t o b e carrie d ou tfo ral l rule s tha timpos e apaperwor kburde n o n th e public
. Thi s analysi s estimate s th e burde n impose d o n partie s outsid e EP A fo ractivitie s suc h a s recordkeepin g o r notification
. I

ti s anticipate d tha tR Q adjustment s wil l chang e th e paperwor k burde n impose d o n th e regulate d communit y fo rinformatio n collectio n associate d wit h reportin g releases
. A s estimate d i n Chapte rSi x o f th e Economi cImpac tAnalysis , th e paperwor kburde n o f

notificatio n an d recordkeepin g o n privat e partie s wil l b e approximatel y 4 3 additiona l notification s annually
. In accordanc e wit h th e Paperwor k Reductio n Ac to f

1980.4 4 U.S.C
. 350 1 et seq., th e reportin g o rrecordkeepin g provision s tha tar e include d i n thi s propose d rul e hav e bee n submitte d fo r approva l t o OMB unde rsectio n 3504(h ) o f th e Paperwor kReductio n Act
. An y final rul e wil l includ e a n explanatio n o f ho wth e reportin g o rrecordkeepin g provision s containe d therei n respon d t o an y comment s b y OMB an d th e public
. Lis to f Subject s i n 4 0 CFRPart30 2 Ai rpollutio n control , Chemicals , Hazardou s materials , Hazardou s material s transportation , Hazardou s substances , Hazardou s wastes , Intergovernmenta l relations , Natura l resources , Source , byproduc tan d specia l nuclea rmaterials , Minera l mining , Radioactiv e materials , Radionuclide , Reportin g an d recordkeepin g requirements , Superfund
. Wast e treatmen tan d disposal
. Wate r pollutio n control
. Dated : Decembe

r31.1988
. Le e M
. Thomas , Administrator. Fo rth e reason s se tout.i n th e preamble , i ti s propose d t o amen d Titl e 4 0 o f th e Cod e o f

Federa l Regulation s a s follows : PAR T302—DESIGNATION , REPORTABL E QUANTITIES , AN D NOTIFICATIO N
1
. Th e authorit y citatio n fo rPar t30 2 i s revise d t o rea d a s follows : Authority : Sec
. 10 2 o f

th e Comprehensiv e Environmenta l Response , Compensation , an d Liability Ac to f

1980 , a s amended , 4 2 U.S.C
. 9602 ; sees . 31 1 an d 501(a ) o f th e Federa l Wate rPollutio n Contro l Act , 3 3 U.S.C
. 132 1 an d 1361
. §302. 4 [Amended ] 2
. I n Sectio n 302.4 , Tabl e 302. 4 i s amende d b y revisin g th e entr y fo r "Radionuclides " unde rth e "Final RQ " colum n fo r"Pound s (kg) " t o read : "§. " 3
. I n Sectio n 302.4 , Tabl e 302. 4 i s amende d b y revisin g th e footnot e a tth e en d o f th e tabl e explainin g "§ " t o read : "§—th e adjuste d RQ s fo r radionuclide s ma y b e foun d i n Appendi x B t o this table. " 4
. I n Sectio n 302.4 , Tabl e 302. 4 i s amende d b y addin g th e followin g tabl e a s Appendi x B : APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDE S

Radionuclid e

RADIONUCLIDE S Actinium-22 4 Actinium-22 5 Actinium-22 6 Actinhim-22 7 Actinhim-22 8 Aluminum-2 6 Americium-23 7 Americium-23 8 Americium-23 9 Americium-24 0 Americium-24 1 Americium-242 m Americtum-24 2 Ameficium-24 3 Americium-244 m Americium-24 4 Americium-24 5 Americium-246 m Americium-24 6 Antimony-11 5 „... . Antimony-116 m Antimony-11 6 Antimony-11 7 Antimony-118 m Antimony-11 9 Antimony-12 0 (1 6 min)... : Atomi c Numbe r

8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 1 3 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 Proposed R Q (C O

1 & 10 0 1 1 0 0.00 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 10 0 0.0 1 100 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 100 0P.1 3

Federa l Registe r/

Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 198 7 / Propose dRule s T 818 3

APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES—

Continue d

Radionuclid e
Antimony-12 0 (5.7 6 day)

. Antimony-12 2 , Antimony-124 m "Antimony-12 4 Antimony-12 5 Antimony-126 m Antimony-12 6 Antimony-12 7 Antimony-12 8 (10. 4 min)

. Antimony-12 8 (9.0 1 hr) Antimony-12 9 Antimony-13 0 Antimony-13 1 Argon-3 9 Argon-4 1 Arsenic-6 9 Arsenic-7 0 Arsenic-7 1 Arsenic-7 2 Arsenic-7 3 Arsenic-7 4 Arsenic-7 6 Arsenic-7 7 Arsenic-7 8 Astatine-20 7 Astatine-21 1 Barium-12 6 Barium-12 8 Barium-131 m Barium-13 1 Barium-133 m Barium-13 3 Barium-135 m Barium-13 9 Barium-14 0 Barium-14 1 Barium-14 2 Berkelium-24 5 Berkelium-24 6 Berkelium-24 7 Berkelium-24 9 Berkelium-25 0 Beryllium- 7 Beryllium-1 0 Bismuth-20 0 Bismuth-20 1 Bismuth-20 2 Bismuth-20 3 Bismuth-20 5 Bismuth-20 6 Bismuth-20 7 Bismuth-210 m Bismuth-21 0 Bismuth-21 2 Bismuth-21 3 Bismuth-21 4 Bromine-74 m Bromine-7 4 Bromine-7 5 Bromine-7 6 Bromine-7 7 Bromine-80 m Bromine-8 0 Bromine-8 2 Bromine-8 3 Bromine-8 4 Atomi c Numbe r

5 1

5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1

5 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 1 8 1 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 8 5 8 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 4 4 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 Propose d R Q (Ci )

1 0
1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 100 1 0 0.0 1 1 1 0 100 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0. 1 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES— Continue d

Radionuclid e

Cadmium-10 4 Cadmium-10 7 Cadmium-10 9 Cadmium-113 m Cadmium-11 3 Cadmium-115 m Cadmium-11 5 Cadmium-117 m Cadmium-11 7 Calcium-4 1 Calcium-4 5 Calcium-4 7 Californium-24 4 Calitornium-24 6 Californium-24 8 Californium-24 9 Californium-25 0 Calitornium-25 1 Californium-25 2 Californium-25 3 Californium-25 4 Carbon-1 1 Carbon-1 4 Cerium-13 4 Cerium-13 5 Cerium-137 m Cerium-13 7 Cerium-13 9 Cerium-14 1 Cerium-14 3 Cerium-14 4 Cesium-12 5 Cesium-12 7 Cesium-12 9 Cesium-13 0 Cesium-13 1 Cesium-13 2 Cesium-134 m Cesium-13 4 Cesium-135 m Cesium-13 5 Cesium-13 6 Cesium-13 7 Cesium-13 8 Chlorine-3 6 Chlorine-3 8 Chlorine-3 9 Chromium-4 8 Chromium-4 9 Chromium-5 1 Cobalt-5 5 Cobalt-5 6 Cobalt-5 7 Cobalt-58 m Cobalt-5 8 Cobalt-60 m Cobalt-6 0 Cobalt-6 1 Cobalt-62m. : Copper-6 0 Copper-6 1 Copper-6 4 Copper-6 7 Curium-23 8 ; Curium-24 0 Curium-24 1 Curium-24 2 Atomi c Numbe r

4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 2 0 2 0 2 0 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 9 8 6 6 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

. 5 5 5 5 1 7 1 7 1 7 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 Propose d R Q (Ci )

10 0 100 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 0. 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0. 1 1 0 0. 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 1 1 0 1 0.0 1 APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES— Continue d

Radionuclid e

Curium-24 4 Curium-24 5 Curium-24 6 Curium-24 7 Curium-24 8 Curium-24 9 Dysprosium-15 5 Dysprosium-15 7 Dysprosium-15 9 Dysprosium-16 5 Dysprosium-16 6 Einsteinium-25 0 Einsteinium-25 1 Einsteinium-25 3 Einsteinium-254 m Einsteinium-25 4 Erbium-16 1 Erbium-16 5 Erbium-16 9 Erbium-17 1 Erbium-17 2 Europium-14 5 Europium-14 6 Europium-14 7 Europium-14 8 Europium-14 9 Europium-15 0 (12. 6 hr)

. Europium-15 0 (34. 2 yr)

. Europium-152 m Europium-15 2 Europium-15 4 Europium-15 5 Europium-15 6 Europium-15 7 Europium-15 8 Fermium-25 2 Fermium-25 3 Fermium-25 4 Fermium-25 5 Fermium-25 7 Fluorine-1 8 Francium-22 2 Francium-22 3 Gadolinium-14 5 Gadolinium-14 6 Gadolinium-14 7 Gadolinium-14 8 Gadolinium-14 9 Gadolinium-15 1 Gadolinium-15 2 Gadolinium-15 3 Gadolinium-15 9 Gallium-6 5 Gallium-6 6 Gallium-6 7 Gallium-6 8 Gallium-7 0 Gallium-7 2 Gallium-7 3 Germanium-6 6 Germanium-6 7 Germanium-6 8 Germanium-6 9 Germanium-7 1 Germanium-7 5 Germanium-7 7 Germanium-7 8 Gold-19 3 Atomi c Numbe r

9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 9 8 7 8 7 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 7 9 Propose

d R Q (Ci )

0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.001 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0. 1 1 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.001 10 0 10 0 0.001 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0P.1 4

618 4 Federa l Registe r/

Vol
. 52 , No , 5

0 / Monday , Marc

h 16, 198

7 / Proposed Rules

APPENDI XB—RADIONUCLIDES — Continued

Radionuclid e

Gold-19 4

.. „ Gold-19 5 Gold-198 m

_ Gold-19 8

_ Gold-19 9 Gotd-200 m Gold-20 0 Gold-20 1 Hainium-17 0 Hafnium-17 2 Hafnium-17 3 Hafnium-17 5 Hafnhim-177 m Hafnium-178 m Hafnium-179 m Hafnium-180 m Hafnium-18 1 Hafnium-182m.

_ Hafnium-18 2 Hafnhim-18 3 Hafnium-18 4
Holmium-15 7
Holmium-16 1 Holmium-162 m Holmium-16 2

_ Holmhjm-164m...

_ Holmium-166 m Holmium-16 6 Holmium-16 7

_
lndium-11 0 (69. 1 min ) lndium-11 0 (4. 9 hr

) lndium-11 1 lndium-11 2 lndium-113 m

.. „ lndium-114 m lndium-115 m lndium-11 5 lndium-116 m lndium-117 m lndium-11 7 lndium-119 m

_ Iodine-12 0 lodine-121

__
lodine-12 5 „ Iodine-12 6 „ Iodine-12 8 lodine-12 9 lodine-13 0 lodine-13 1 lodine-132 m lodine-13 2 lodine-13 3 lodine-13 4 lodine-13 5 Iridium-18 2 lridium-18 4 lridium-18 5 Iridium-18 6

_ Iridium-18 7 Atomi c Numbe r

7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 7 2 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 1 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Propose d R Q (Ci )

1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 1 0 0. 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0. 1 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 0. 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 10 0 0.0 1 1 0. 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

_ 10 0 I 1 0 APPENDI XB-RADIONUCLIDES — Continued

Radionuclid e

lridiim-18 9 Iridium-190 m „. . lridium-19 0 Iridium-192 m lridium-19 2 „. . Iridium-194 m lridium-19 4 Iridium-195m...

- lridium-19 5 „.. . lron-5 2 lron-5 5 lron-5 9 „. . lron-6 0 „ Krypton-7 4 Krypton-7 6 Krypton-7 7 Krypton-7 9 Krypton-8 1 _. . Krypton-83 m Krypton-85 m Krypton-8 5 Krypton-8 7 Krypton-8 8 Lanthanum-131.._.

. Lanthanum-13 2 Lanthanum-13 5 Lanthanum-13 7 Lanthanum-13 8 Lanthanum-14 0 Lanthanum-14 1 Lanthanum-14 2 Lanthanum-14 3 Lead-195 m Lead-19 8 Lead-199.

. Lead-20 0 Lead-20 1 Lead-202 m Lead-20 2

_ Lead-20 3 Lead-20 5 Lead-20 9 Lead-21 0 Lead-21 1 Lead-21 2 Lead-21 4 Lutetium-16 9 Lutetium-17 0 Lutetium-17 1 Lutetium-17 2 Lutetium-17 3 Lutetium-174 m Lutetium-17 4 Lutetium-176 m Lutetium-17 6 Lutetium-177 m Lutetium-17 7 Lutetium-178 m Lutetium-17 8 Lutetium-17 9 Magnesium-2 8 Manganese-5 1 Manganese-52m..

. Manganese-5 2 Manganese-5 3 Manganese-5 4 Manganese-5 6 Mendetevium-257.

. Atomi c Numbe r

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 6 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 7 1 1 2 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 10 1 Propose d R Q (Ci )

10 0 100 0 1 0 100 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 0. 1 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 APPENDI XB—RADIONUCLIDES — Continued

Radionuclid e

Mendelevium-25 8 Mercury-193 m Mercury-19 3 Mercury-19 4 „ „ Mercury-195 m Mercury-19 5 Mercury-197 m Mercury-19 7 Mercury-199 m Mercury-20 3 Molybdenum-9 0 Molybdenum-93 m Molybdenum-9 3 Molybdenum-9 9 Molybdenum-10 1 Neodymium-13 6 Neodymium-13 8 Neodymium-139 m Neodymium-13 9 Neodymium-14 1 Neodymium-14 7 Neodymium-14 9 Neodymium-15 1 Neptunium-23 2 Neptunium-23 3 „ Neptunium-23 4 Nepturtium-23 5 Neptunium-23 6 (1. 2 E 5yr)

. Neptunium-23 6 (22. 5 hr)

. Neptunium-23 7

_ Neptunium-23 8 Neptunium-23 9 „ Neptunium-24 0 „ Nickel-5 6 - Nickel-5 7 - Nickel-5 9 Nickel-6 3 Nickel-6 5 Nickel-6 6 Niobium-8 8 Ntobium-8 9 (6 6 min).. , Niobium-8 9 (12 2 min)

. Niobium-9 0 Niobium-93 m Niobium-9 4 Niobium-95 m Niobium-9 5 „ Niobium-9 6 „ Niobtum-9 7 Niobium-9 8 Osmium-18 0 Osmium-18 1 Osmium-18 2 Osmium-18 5 Osmium-189 m

. „ Osmium-19 1 m.

_ Osmium-19 1 Osmium-19 3 Osmium-19 4 Palladium-100.. „ Palladium-10 1 Palladium-103..

_ Palladium-107.. „ Palladium-10 9 Phosphorus-3 2 Phosphorus-3 3 Atomi c Numbe r
10 1 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3

9 3
9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 6 1 5 1 5 Propose

d R Q (Ci )

1 1 0 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 100 0 0. 1
10 0
0.0 1 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 10 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 100 0 1 1 0P.1 5



### Federa l Register

/ Vol

. 52 , No

. 5 0 /

Monday , Marc h16 , 1987 / Propose dRule s 818 5

APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES —

Continue d

Radionuclid e

Platinum-18 9 Platinum-19 1

Praseodymium-13 6 Praseodymium-13 7 Praseodymium-138 m Praseodymium-13 9 Praseodymium-142 m Praseodymium-14 3

Praseodymium-14 7 Atomi c Numbe r

7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 8 4 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 9 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 6 Propose d

R Q (Ci )

1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 0. 1 100 0 0.0. 1

... . 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 100 0 0 0 1 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 10 0 1 0. 1 0. 1 APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES

Continue d

Radionuclid e

Rhenium-17 7 Rhenium-17 8 Rhenium-18 1 Rhenium-18 2 (12. 7 hr)..

. Rhenium-18 2 (64. 0 hr)..

. Rhenium-184 m Rhenium-18 4 Rhenium-186 m Rhenium-18 6 Rhenium-18 7 Rhenium-188 m Rhenium-18 8 Rhenium-18 9 Rhodium-99 m Rhodium-9 9 Rhodium-10 0 Rhodium-10 1 m Rhodium-10 1 Rhodium-102 m Rhodium-10 2 Rhodium-103 m Rhodium-10 5 Rhodium-106 m Rhodium-10 7 Rubidium-7 9 Rubidium-8 1 m
Rubidium-82 m Rubidium-8 3 Rubidium-8 4 Rubidium-8 6 Rubidium-8 7 Rubidium-8 8 Rubidium-8 9 Ruthenium-9 4 Ruthenium-9 7 Ruthenium-10 3 Ruthenium-10 5 Ruthenium-10 6 Samarium-141 m Samarium-14 1 Samarium-14 2 Samarium-14 5 Samarium-14 6 Samarium-14 7 Samarium-15 1 Samarium-15 3 Samarium-15 5 Samarium-15 6 Scandium-4 3 Scandium-44 m Scandium-4 4 Scandium-4 6 Scandium-4 7 Scandium-4 8 Scandium-4 9 Selenium-7 0 Selenium-73 m Selenium-7 3 Selenium-7 5 Selenium-7 9 Selenium-8 1 m Selenium-8 1 Selenium-8 3 Silicon-3 1 Silicon-3 2 Silver-10 2 Silver-10 3 Atomi c Numbe r

7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4

. 3 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 1 4 4 7 4 7 Propose d

R Q (Ci )

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 1 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 1 0 APPENDI X B—RADIONUCLIDES — Continue d

Radionuclid e

Silver-104 m Sitver-10 4 Silver-10 5 Silver-106 m Silver-10 6 Siiver-108 m Silver-110 m Silver-11 1 Silver-11 2 Silver-11 5 Sodium-2 2 Sodium-2 4 Strontium-8 0 Strontium-8 1 Strontium-8 3 Strontium-85 m Strontium-8 5 Strontium-87 m Strontium-8 9 Strontium-9 0 Strontium-9 1 Strontium-9 2 Sulfur-3 5 Tantalum-17 2 Tantalum-17 3 Tantalum-17 4 Tantalum-17 5 Tantalum-17 6 Tantalum-17 7 Tantalum-17 8 Tantalum-17 9 Tantalum-180m..

. Tantalum-18 0 Tantalum-182m..

. Tantalum-18 2 Tantalum-18 3 Tantalum-18 4 Tantalum-18 5 Tantalum-18 6 Technetium-93m

. Technetium-9 3 Technetium-94m

. Technetium-9 4 Technetium-96m

. Technetium-9 6 Technetium-97m

. Technetium-9 7 Technetium-9 8 Technetium-99m

. Technetium-9 9 Technetium-10 1

. . Technetium-104.

. Tellurium-11 6 Tellurium-121m...

. Tellurium-12 1 Tellurium-123m...

. Tellurium-12 3 Tellurium

- '25m...

. Tellurium-127m...

. Tellurium-12 7 Tellurium-i29m...

. Tellurium-12 9 Tellurium-131m...

. Tellurium-13 1 Tellurium-13 2 Tellurium-133m...

. Tellurium-13 3 Tellurium-13 4 Atomi c Numbe r

4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 11 11 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 3 8 1 6 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 Propose

d R Q (Ci )

1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 io o 1 0 1 0

### 818 6 Federa l Registe r/

Vol
. 52 , No
. 5

0 / Monday , Marc

h 16 , 198 7 / Proposed Rules

APPENDI XB—RADIONUCLIDES — Continued

Radionuclid e

Tertatum-14 7 Terbium-14 9 Terbium-15 0 Terbium-15 1 Terbium-15 3 Terbium-15 4 Terbium-15 5 Terbium-156 m (5. 0 hr)...

. Terbium-156 m (24. 4 hr).

. Terbium-15 6 Terbium-15 7 Terbium-15 8 Terbium-16 0 Terbium-16 1 Thallium-194 m Thallium-19 4 Thallium-19 5 Thallium-19 7 Thallium-198 m Thallium-19 8 Thallium-19 9 Thallium-20 0 Thallium-20 1 Thallium-20 2 Thallium-20 4 Thorium-22 6 Thorium-22 7 Thorium-22 8 Thorium-22 9 Thorium-23 0 Thorium-23 1 Thorium-23 2 Thorium-23 4 Thulium-16 2 Thulium-16 6 Thulium-16 7 Thulium-17 0 Thulium-17 1 Thulium-17 2 Thulium-17 3 Thulium-17 5 Tin-11 0 Tin-11 1 Atomi c Numbe r
6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5

. 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 5 0 5 0 Propose d R Q (Ci )

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0.0 1 0.00 1 0.0 1 10 0 0.00 1 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 APPENDI XB—RADIONUCLIDES — Continued

Radionuclid e

Tin-11 3 Tin-117 m Tin-119 m Tin-12 1 m Tin-12 1 Tin-123 m „.. . Tin-12 3 Tin-12 5 Tin-12 6 Tin-12 7 Tin-12 8 Titanium-4 4 Titanium-4 5 Tungsten-17 6 Tungsten-17 7 Tungsten-17 8 Tungsten-17 9 Tungsten-18 1 Tungsten-18 5 Tungsten-18 7 Tungsten-18 8 Uranium-23 0 Uranium-23 1 Uranium-23 2 Uranium-23 3 Uranium-23 4 Uranium-23 5 Uranium-23 6 Uranium-23 7 Uranium-23 8 Uranium-23 9 Uranium-24 0 Vanadium-4 7 Vanadium-4 8 Vanadium-4 9 Xenon-12 0 Xenon-12 1 Xenon-12 2 Xenon-12 3 Xenon-12 5 Xenon-12 7 Xenon-129 m Xenon-131 m Atomi c Numbe r

5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 2 2 2 2 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 Propose d R Q (Ci )

10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 10 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 100 0 100 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 0.1 & 100 & 0.0 1 a 0.1 & 0.1 a 0.1 a 0.1 a 10 & 0. 1 a 1000 a 10 a 100 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 100 0 100 0 APPENDI XB—RADIONUCLIDES — Continue d

Radionuclid

e

Xenon-133m.. . Xenon-13 3 Xenon-135m.. . Xenon-13 5 Xenon-13 8 Ytterbium-162

. Ytterbium-166

. Ytterbium-167

. Ytterbium-169

. Ytterbium-175

. Ytterbium-177

. Ytterbium-178

. Yttrium-86m.... Yttrium-8 6 Yttrium-8 7 Yttrium-8 8 Yttrium-90m...

. Yttrium-9 0 Yttrium-91m.... Yttrium-9 1 Yttrium-92 Ytrrium-9 3 Yttrium-9 4 Yttrium-9 5 Zinc-6 2 Zinc-6 3 Zinc-65...

_ Zinc-69 m Zinc-6 9 Zinc-71 m Zinc-7 2 Zirconium-86..

. Zirconium-88..

. Zirconium-89..

. Zirconium-93..

. Zirconium-95..

. Zirconium-97..

. Atomi c Numbe r
5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 9 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 4 0 Propose d R Q (Ci )

10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 100 0 1 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 1 1 0 1 0

a Th e adjuste d R Q o f on e curi e applie s t o al l radionuclide s no t otherwis e listed , excep t urany l nitrat e an d urany l acetat e whos e fina l adjuste d RQ s ar e 10 0 pounds

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