UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN

SOUTHERN DIVISION

STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE

INSURANCE COMPANY,

Plaintiff,

v.

LOUIS N. RADDEN, D.O., and SPINE

SPECIALISTS OF MICHIGAN, P.C.,

Defendants.

 /

Case No. 14-13299

Honorable John Corbett O’Meara

OPINION AND ORDER DENYING

DEFENDANTS’ SEPTEMBER 30, 2014 MOTION TO DISMISS AND

GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO FILE SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE

This matter came before the court on defendants Louis D. Radden, D.O., and Spine Specialists

of Michigan’s September 30, 2014 motion to dismiss. Plaintiff State Farm Mutual Automobile

Insurance Company filed a response November 7, 2013; and Defendants filed a reply brief

November 14, 2014. On December 19, 2014, State Farm filed a motion for leave to supplement its

response brief with a December 2014 opinion from this court. Oral argument was heard January 8,

2015. For the reasons that follow, the court will deny the motion to dismiss and grant the motion

for leave to supplement the response brief.

BACKGROUND FACTS

Plaintiff State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (“State Farm”) has recently filed

a number of similar RICO actions against medical practitioners and clinics, claiming that they are

submitting fraudulent claims to the insurer under Michigan’s No-Fault Automobile Act. In this case

State Farm has alleged the following claims against defendants Radden and Spine Specialists of

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Michigan (“SSOM”): Count I, common law fraud against both defendants; Count II, violations of

the federal RICO statute against only Dr. Radden; Count III, unjust enrichment against both

defendants; and Count IV, declaratory judgment against only defendant SSOM.

In their motion to dismiss, Defendants make the following arguments: 1) the complaint fails

to plead with sufficient particularity to satisfy Rule 9(b); 2) the RICO claim fails to plead mail fraud

with particularity or a pattern of racketeering, and State Farm waived its right to contest claims; 3)

the unjust enrichment claim fails because it arises from an express contract and does not specify

which defendant received the benefit; 4) the RICO, fraud and unjust enrichment claims are timebarred; and 5) the court should abstain from exercising jurisdiction over the declaratory judgment

action.

LAW AND ANALYSIS

In a motion to dismiss, the court must “construe the complaint in a light most favorable to the

plaintiff and accept all of the factual allegations as true.” State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v.

Universal Health Group, Inc., 2014 WL 5427170 at *1 n.2 (E.D. Mich. Oct. 24, 2014). In this case

the court finds that State Farm has met its burden for Rule 9(b) pleading requirements for the fraud

claim. The complaint alleges Defendants submitted bills and supporting documents that falsely

represented the following: 1) Dr. Radden performed and documented legitimate exams in the Exam

Reports; 2) Dr. Radden performed injections based upon legitimate exams and because they were

medically necessary; 3) Dr. Radden’s use of epidurography with the ESI’s was medically necessary;

4) the charges under billing code A9570 were appropriate; 5) separate charges for epidurograms and

fluoroscopy were appropriate; and 6) when Dr. Radden performed only FIs, it was appropriate to

bill separately for fluoroscopic guidance. Charts attached to the complaint as Exhibits 1A, 1B, 2 and

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3 identify the specific misrepresentations regarding exams, injections and related services

purportedly rendered to each patient, as well as the date State Farm received the bills and supporting

documents through the mail, the services billed, the dates of those services, and the claim numbers. 

Courts in this district have repeatedly held that complaints with these details satisfy Rule 9(b). See

State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. Pointe Physical Therapy, L.L.C., No. 14-11700 (E.D. Mich. Dec.

18, 2014); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Universal Health Group, Inc., 2014 WL 5427170 (E.D.

Mich. Oct. 24, 2014); and State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v. Physiomatrix, Inc., No. 12-11500, 2014

WL 555199 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 12, 2014). The complaint further alleges that Dr. Radden directed and

knowingly caused SSOM to submit the bills and documents that contain fraudulent

misrepresentations. Under common law fraud and RICO, defendants who collude with others to

cause fraudulent statements to be made are liable. Therefore, State Farm’s allegations satisfy Rule

9(b).

The court also finds that for the time being State Farm sufficiently states a substantive

racketeering claim under RICO. Although Defendants argue that the complaint fails to plead mail

fraud with specificity and thus fails to plead a pattern of racketeering activity, the complaint

describes a scheme involving nearly 700 acts of mail fraud involving a like number of fraudulent

claims that occurred over a three-year period. Defendants contend that State Farm waived its right

to contest the claims for benefits because it could have objected to payment within 30 days of each

claim being presented. However, State Farm points out that such an “interpretation of the law would

only punish those who were incompetent fraudsters, letting their more intelligent or devious

colleagues off the hook.” Universal Health Group, supra, at *11.

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State Farm has also stated a claim for unjust enrichment. Defendants argue that the express

insurance contracts between State Farm and the insureds purportedly bar the claim. However, unjust

enrichment claims are not barred where there is no express contract between the same parties that

“cover[s] the same subject matter.” Id. (rejecting the same argument advanced by Defendants here).

In addition, plaintiff State Farm’s causes of action for RICO, fraud and unjust enrichment are

not time-barred for any claims that were submitted before the applicable limitations period. 

Defendants’ argument that Plaintiff should have known about the fraud cannot be proven at this

stage of the litigation. Moreover, the complaint does not seek damages for claims before 2011.

Finally, this court has previously found that the court will not decline to exercise jurisdiction

over the declaratory judgment claim based on Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., 515 U.S. 277 (1995). In

these cases the courts have determined that because “the declaratory judgment action is inextricably

dependant on and connect[ed] to the underlying substantive counts . . . the [c]ourt does not believe

it is a wise use of its discretion to decline to entertain a declaratory judgment action tied to a viable

federal cause of action.” See Physiomatrix, supra; Universal Health supra; and Pointe Physical

Therapy, supra.

ORDER

It is hereby ORDERED that Defendants’ September 30, 2014 motion to dismiss is DENIED.

It is further ORDERED that Plaintiff’s December 19, 2014 motion for leave to file

supplemental authority is GRANTED.

s/John Corbett O'Meara 

United States District Judge

Date: February 13, 2015

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I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document was served upon counsel of record on

this date, February 13, 2015, using the ECF system.

s/William Barkholz 

Case Manager

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