# Patent

## Title
Functional training equipment with multiple movement planes used for press exercises

## Abstract

A chest exercise machine includes: a resistance element; a user support coupled to the resistance element; a first movement element coupled to the user support; and a second movement element coupled to the user support. A chest press machine includes: a cable resistance element adapted to allow for a resistance path that is at least partly defined by a user; a user support adapted to move along a movement path as a chest press is performed; and a load including a set of plates that may be selectively coupled to the cable resistance element. A pectoral fly machine includes: a cable resistance element adapted to allow for a resistance path that is at least partly defined by a user; a user support adapted to move along a movement path as a pectoral fly is performed; and a load including a set of plates.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Functional training is a classification of exercise which involves training the body for activities performed in daily life. Functional Training leads to better joint mobility, joint stability, and more efficient motor patterns which includes strength and balance. The origins of functional training are derived from physical or occupational rehabilitation using exercises that mimic normal activities. The use of traditional strength machines delivers single plane or fixed pattern motion, which targets only a specific muscle and does not necessarily bear any relationship to the movements people make in their regular activities.
Many existing solutions subject a user to a mode of interaction and level of stress on the body that can be counterproductive or cause unnecessary injury. In addition, existing solutions may require body positions that are unnatural and/or cause a deviation from a biomechanically correct exercise position through a range of movement.
Thus there is a need for equipment that provides a natural, progressive motion that allows a user to maintain a biomechanically correct position across a circuit of exercise stations that allows a user to define a specific course of functional exercise.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Some embodiments provide a way for a user to perform functional training. Some embodiments may provide a set of exercise machines that may be used to form a training circuit for a user. Each exercise machine may include a movement path associated with an exercise. The movement path may include a resistance path and a user movement path.
As a user proceeds through an exercise movement, the body position of the user may be automatically adjusted such that the user remains in a biomechanically correct position throughout the exercise. The body position may be maintained using a natural arc movement in some embodiments.
In addition, the body position of the user (and/or the body weight of the user) may provide an assist at various places along the resistance path such that a user is able to complete a full movement. This approach may increase gains in strength and flexibility. Furthermore, the natural, functional movement of some embodiments may engage additional muscle groups through the arc movement.
The exercise machines of some embodiments may include cable connections to resistance elements. Such an arrangement may allow each user to at least partially define a resistance path. This approach may improve user comfort and allow for a full range of motion as well as engaging additional muscle groups as compared to a fixed resistance path.
A first exemplary embodiment provides a chest exercise machine. The machine includes: a resistance element; a user support coupled to the resistance element; a first movement element coupled to the user support; and a second movement element coupled to the user support.
A second exemplary embodiment provides a chest press machine adapted to perform functional training. The chest press machine includes: a cable resistance element adapted to allow for a resistance path that is at least partly defined by a user; a user support adapted to move along a movement path as a chest press is performed; and a load including a set of plates that may be selectively coupled to the cable resistance element.
A third exemplary embodiment provides a pectoral fly machine adapted to perform functional training. The pectoral fly machine includes: a cable resistance element adapted to allow for a resistance path that is at least partly defined by a user; a user support adapted to move along a movement path as a pectoral fly is performed; and a load including a set of plates that may be selectively coupled to the cable resistance element.
The preceding Brief Summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction to various features of some exemplary embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
The novel features of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, for purpose of explanation, several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the following drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a chest press machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position;
FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine in an end position;
FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position;
FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine in the start position;
FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine in the end position;
FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of an alternative chest press machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position;
FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective view of the alternative chest press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 16 illustrates a side view of a pectoral fly machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position;
FIG. 17 illustrates a side view of the pectoral fly machine in an end position;
FIG. 18 illustrates a side view of the pectoral fly machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position;
FIG. 19 illustrates a side view of the pectoral fly machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 20 illustrates a side view of the pectoral fly machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 21 illustrates a side view of the pectoral fly machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 22 illustrates a top view of the pectoral fly machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 23 illustrates a top view of the pectoral fly machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 24 illustrates a top view of the pectoral fly machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 25 illustrates a perspective view of the pectoral fly machine in the start position;
FIG. 26 illustrates a perspective view of the pectoral fly machine in the end position;
FIG. 27 illustrates a perspective view of the pectoral fly machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 28 illustrates a perspective view of the pectoral fly machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 29 illustrates a side view of an overhead press machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position;
FIG. 30 illustrates a side view of the overhead press machine in an end position;
FIG. 31 illustrates a side view of the overhead press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position;
FIG. 32 illustrates a side view of the overhead press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 33 illustrates a side view of the overhead press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 34 illustrates a side view of the overhead press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 35 illustrates a top view of the overhead press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 36 illustrates a top view of the overhead press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 37 illustrates a top view of the overhead press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 38 illustrates a perspective view of the overhead press machine in the start position;
FIG. 39 illustrates a perspective view of the overhead press machine in the end position;
FIG. 40 illustrates a perspective view of the overhead press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 41 illustrates a perspective view of the overhead press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 42 illustrates a side view of a triceps press machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position;
FIG. 43 illustrates a side view of the triceps press machine in an end position;
FIG. 44 illustrates a side view of the triceps press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position;
FIG. 45 illustrates a side view of the triceps press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 46 illustrates a side view of the triceps press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 47 illustrates a side view of the triceps press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 48 illustrates a top view of the triceps press machine in the start position during use;
FIG. 49 illustrates a top view of the triceps press machine in the end position during use;
FIG. 50 illustrates a top view of the triceps press machine showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use;
FIG. 51 illustrates a perspective view of the triceps press machine in the start position;
FIG. 52 illustrates a perspective view of the triceps press machine in the end position;
FIG. 53 illustrates a perspective view of the triceps press machine in the start position during use; and
FIG. 54 illustrates a perspective view of the triceps press machine in the end position during use.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplated modes of carrying out exemplary embodiments of the invention. The description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, as the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.
Various inventive features are described below that can each be used independently of one another or in combination with other features. Broadly, some embodiments of the present invention generally provide exercise equipment that puts a user through a natural, progressive motion. Such equipment may include a circuit of individual cable driven machines that allows the user to define a course of exercise.
The movement created using an arcing progression of some embodiments triggers compound muscle interaction that includes core stabilization and peripheral muscles. Coupling the arc movement of some embodiments and unrestricted cable driven action improves balance and functional movement, ensures compound muscle interaction, and supports the user in an optimal biomechanical position thought the entire exercise.
Such functional movements include activities like manually opening or closing a garage door; replacing or removing heavy objects on a high shelf; placing or pulling object in and out of the trunk of a car; getting up from or sitting down in a chair; getting in or out of a bathtub; pulling a water hose across a yard; pushing a lawnmower; or even lifting and holding a child or pet.
Several more detailed embodiments of the invention are described in the sections below. Section I provides a conceptual description of the theory of operation of some embodiments and a description of an example design process. Section II then describes various specific machines that may be provided by some embodiments.
I. Theory of Operation
Sub-section I.A provides a conceptual description of various elements associated with body position in some embodiments. Sub-section I.B then describes various resistance elements included in some embodiments. Lastly, sub-section I.C describes an example design implementation of a specific machine.
A. Body Position Elements
Some embodiments provide a fixed user support. Such a support may be generally “L”-shaped and may allow a user to sit or recline on an apparatus while having his or her body supported in an optimized position for performing the exercise. Different embodiments may include different specific support elements. For instance, such supports may have different angles between a seat portion and a back portion of the supports. As another example, different embodiments may include different sets of cushions or other appropriate elements.
In some embodiments, various elements of the fixed support may be adjustable (e.g., a seat height setting may be selected from among a number of options).
Some embodiments provide a first body movement element. Such an element may include a carriage system driven and tracked via a linear stabilizing shaft. In addition, some embodiments may include a second body movement element. Such an element may include a fixed column or other appropriate support and an attachment element that is able to move along the column such that the fixed user support maintains an appropriate body position as the support moves along the first body movement element.
In some embodiments, the body movement elements may be at least partially adjustable. For instance, a user may be able to set start or end points along the movement path, a user may be able to adjust the angle of a body movement element relative to the user support, etc. In some embodiments, the adjustable elements may allow a user to align a body part with a machine feature.
Such body movement elements may allow a user to sustain a natural body arcing progression during a movement. In addition, the system may provide a consistent, smooth resistance throughout the entire exercise.
By combining multiple body movement elements, users are able to benefit from an “unrestricted” progression of compound muscle movements, activating crucial core stabilization muscles, in order to replicate, “real life” functional activities.
B. Resistance Elements
Some embodiments may include a cable driven, weight stack resistance movement element. Many implementations may include a pair of handles (and/or other appropriate user interface element such as a foot plate, a bar, a roller, etc.), where each handle is attached to a cable end. The free cable ends may allow a user to move each handle along an arbitrary path, which may allow a more comfortable movement and/or engage additional muscle groups.
Each cable may utilize a set of pulleys and/or connect to one or more other cables or elements. In some embodiments, in addition to using the cable system to move selected weight stack resistance elements, the cable system may be used to move the user along a movement path defined by the body movement elements described above.
Some embodiments may be configured such that the body weight of the user provides additional resistance to the weight stack resistance. Alternatively, some embodiments may be configured such that the body weight of the user provides assistance in moving the weight stack resistance. Some embodiments may be configured such that the amount of additional resistance and/or assistance may vary across the movement path.
One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various other specific resistance elements or selectable loads may be included in some embodiments (e.g., body weight only, resistance bands, free weight attachment points, etc.).
C. Example Design
The features described above will be illustrated by reference to the example machines of FIGS. 1-15. The first example is a chest exercise machine 100 that may be used for chest press and/or chest fly exercises. This example will describe a chest press exercise using the chest exercise machine.
FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of a chest press machine 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position. Such a start position may be, in addition to an exercise start position, a resting position of the machine. In other words, the machine may naturally remain in the start position when not being used. FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine 100 in an end position. FIG. 3 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine 100 showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position.
FIG. 4 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine 100 in the start position during use. FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine 100 in the end position during use. FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of the chest press machine 100 showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use.
FIG. 7 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine 100 in the start position during use. FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine 100 in the end position during use. FIG. 9 illustrates a top view of the chest press machine 100 showing the relative arrangements of the start position and end position during use.
FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine 100 in the start position. FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine 100 in the end position. FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine 100 in the start position during use. FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the chest press machine 100 in the end position during use.
As shown, the cable resistance machine 100 may put the user in a seated starting position and, as the handles are moved away from the user's body, deliver a natural forward and return arcing progression applying a continuous and equal amount of resistance. Such a machine may engage the user's chest, shoulders, triceps and core stabilizing muscles during the movement.
The machine 100 may include a fixed user support having a seat 110 and back support 120, a first movement element having a carriage 130 and rail 140 (and/or other appropriate element such as a shaft), a second movement element having a moving attachment element 150 and a fixed column 160, a set of handles 170, a weight stack 180, and a cable system 190.
The machine frame 100 may be formed by various appropriate elements such as beams, tubes, brackets, etc. The frame elements may be arranged in various appropriate ways, as shown. Many frame elements may be fixed-position elements used to support moving elements such as the user support (via the movement elements), a weight stack, cables, etc. Moving elements such as pulleys may be attached to the frame and included as part of a resistance path used by the machine.
The seat 110 and back support 120 may be arranged in various appropriate ways (e.g., with different lengths, connection angles, etc.). In addition, in this example, the user support may include a footrest. In some embodiments, the supports may include adjustable elements that may allow a user to align a body part with a machine feature and/or otherwise adjust the user position (e.g., by raising or lowering the seat 110 to adjust for a user's height).
The user support defined by the seat 110 and back support 120 may include a pivot axis associated with a connection to the carriage 130. Likewise, the attachment element 150 may include a pivot axis. Thus, as shown, the angle of the user support relative to the other machine components may change along the movement path while the position of the user relative to the user support remains consistent.
In some embodiments the second movement element may include a member having one or more bend angles and multiple pivot points. In some embodiments, a first pivot point may be associated with an attachment of one end of the angled member to the machine body and a second pivot point may be associated with an attachment of a second end of the angled member to the fixed user support. In some embodiments the second movement element may be integrated with the user interface element.
The carriage 130 may be any set of components that may allow the carriage to move along the rail 140. This example uses a carriage roller, and other embodiments may include elements such as linear bearings, glides, etc. In some embodiments, the first movement element may include one or more resistance elements (e.g., a linear resistance bar).
In this example, the rail 140 is parallel to the ground while the column 150 forms an obtuse angle with the seat 110. Different embodiments may include different specific configurations. For instance, an alternative chest press machine having a slanted rail is described below in reference to FIG. 14.
The movement path along the rail 140 may be at least partly defined by attributes of the rail (e.g., slope, length, etc.). Likewise, the movement path along the column 160 may be at least partly defined by attributes of the column (e.g., slope, length, etc.). In addition, the movement path of the user may be at least partly defined by placement of the pivot axis relative to the attachment element 150 or seat back 120 and/or the pivot axis relative to the carriage 130 or seat 110. In some embodiments, any or all of these elements may be adjusted by a user (e.g., slope of the rail may be changed, a connection element may be repositioned, etc.).
FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of an alternative chest press machine 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a start position. FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective view of the alternative chest press machine 100 in the end position during use.
As above, the machine 100 may include a fixed user support having a seat 110 and back support 120, a set of handles 170, a weight stack 180, and a cable system 190.
In this example, the first movement element includes a linear bearing as a carriage 130 and an associated shaft that serves as the rail 140. The second movement element includes a moving attachment element 150 and a fixed column 160. In this example, the column 160 is located within a frame member of the machine 100.
The rail 140 in this example slopes upward as the movement progresses, while the column 160 is aligned at an obtuse angle compared to the seat 110.
In addition, the example of FIGS. 14-15 includes a weight stack 180 that is positioned to the side of the user support. Such an arrangement may allow a user to adjust the amount of resistance while seated on the machine 100. In addition, such an arrangement may reduce the floor space required by the machine.
A single machine may be used to perform multiple exercise movements. In some embodiments, the machine may be adjusted in various ways (e.g., support arms or other features may be arranged such that cable and/or handle positions are changed, a support angle or position may be changed, a movement element may be repositioned, etc.) to perform various different movements.
Alternatively, a user may apply a different movement path to use the same machine to perform different movements without any adjustments to the machine itself. For instance, a user may perform a chest fly movement rather than a press movement by varying arm position, elbow angle, etc.
Although the theory of operation has been described by reference to particular machines, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that different machines may be implemented in various different ways. Several such machines are described in Section II below.
II. Exemplary Machines
Sub-section II.A provides a conceptual description of a chest fly machine of some embodiments. Sub-section II.B follows with a description of an overhead press machine of some embodiments. Next, sub-section II.C describes a triceps press machine of some embodiments. Lastly, sub-section HD describes various other machines or elements that may be used by some embodiments.
A. Pectoral Fly
FIGS. 16-28 illustrate use of the chest exercise machine 100 during a pectoral fly exercise. In this example, a single machine may provide both functions. However, different embodiments may provide dedicated machines for such functions.
FIGS. 16-18 illustrate side views of a pectoral fly machine. FIGS. 19-24 illustrate side and top views of the pectoral fly machine during use. FIGS. 25-26 illustrate perspective views of the pectoral fly machine. FIGS. 27-28 illustrate perspective views of the pectoral fly machine during use.
B. Overhead Press
FIGS. 29-31 illustrate side views of an overhead press machine. FIGS. 32-37 illustrate side and top views of the overhead press machine during use. FIGS. 38-39 illustrate perspective views of the overhead press machine. FIGS. 40-41 illustrate perspective views of the overhead press machine during use.
In this example, the cable resistance machine puts the user in a seated starting position with arms bent at the elbow and hands positioned to the side of the shoulders. The movement includes an upward pressing motion with the unrestricted cable driven press handles to deliver a natural forward and return arcing progression while applying a continuous and equal amount of resistance. In addition, the user's shoulders, latissimus, triceps and core stabilizing muscles may be engaged during the movement.
The rail in this example slopes upward as the movement progresses, while the column is aligned at an acute angle compared to the seat.
C. Triceps Press
FIGS. 42-44 illustrate side views of a triceps press machine. FIGS. 45-50 illustrate side and top views of the triceps press machine during use. FIGS. 51-52 illustrate perspective views of the triceps press machine. FIGS. 53-54 illustrate perspective views of the triceps press machine during use.
In this example, the cable resistance machine places the user in a seated starting position and as the user grasps the two cable driven handles, with arms bent, elbows elbows rotated back behind the side of their body, and hands positioned tight to the body just under the shoulders. The user may then push the handles in a downward motion with the unrestricted cable driven press handles and then return to the start position. The movement of the exercise machine may deliver a natural forward and return arcing progression applying a continuous and equal amount of resistance. In addition, the user's triceps, chest, shoulders and core stabilizing muscles may be engaged during the movement.
The rail in this example slopes downward as the movement progresses, while the column is aligned at an acute angle compared to the seat.
D. Alternative Implementations
One of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the machines described in sub-sections II.A-II.C are presented for exemplary purposes and different embodiments may be implemented in various different ways.
For instance, some embodiments may provide machines that target different muscle groups than those described above (e.g., a gluteus machine). As another example, different embodiments may include different cable and/or handle configurations than those shown (e.g., instead of using independent handles, some embodiments may use a bar). In addition, various embodiments may be configured in various different ways (e.g., with different slopes, different connecting element, different resistance elements, etc.). In some embodiments, various features may be configured in various different ways by the user (e.g., using different connection points, by adjusting the length of an element, by replacing one or more elements, etc.).
The foregoing relates to illustrative details of exemplary embodiments of the invention and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A chest exercise machine comprising:
a resistance element;
a user support coupled to the resistance element, the user support comprising a seat and a back, wherein an angle between the seat and the back is fixed;
a first movement element coupled to the user support, the first movement element comprising:
a rail; and
a carriage movably coupled to the rail such that the carriage is able to move along a linear path defined by the rail, wherein the first movement element is coupled to the user support at a rotating member such that the user support is able to pivot about an axis associated with the carriage as the carriage moves along the linear path, wherein the rotating member moves with the carriage along the linear path; and

a second movement element coupled to the user support, the second movement element comprising:
a column; and
a connecting element comprising a pivot point such that the user support is able to pivot about an axis associated with the connecting element, wherein the connecting element is movably coupled to the column such that the connecting element is able to move along a path defined by the column.

2. The chest exercise machine of claim 1, wherein the resistance element comprises at least one handle, at least one cable, at least one pulley, and a selectable load.

3. The chest exercise machine of claim 1, wherein the path defined by the rail and path defined by the column determine a movement path of the user support from a start position to an end position.

4. The chest exercise machine of claim 3, wherein the movement path causes the user support to arc along a curved path when moving along the movement path from the start position to the end position.

5. The chest exercise machine of claim 4, wherein the user support moves along the movement path from the start position to the end position when external force is applied to the resistance element.

6. The chest exercise machine of claim 5, wherein the user support moves along the movement path from the end position to the start position when external force is released from the resistance element.

7. The chest exercise machine of claim 6, wherein the resistance element is adapted to allow a chest press movement and a pectoral fly movement.

8. The chest exercise machine of claim 7, wherein the axis associated with the carriage is placed within a connecting region between the seat and the back.